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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est fiimA A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche i droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'Images nteessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. ty errata sd to int ne pelure, i9on d 3 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 ym>yn..\iKiM-i(Mi:oKs\<>vA(;i:y Beii.g ' ■Ihe ffvcul Shfi , ^AnUK ^ 1 oyages Round the vv or.^, Undertaken and Performed by ROYAL AUTHORITY. Containing a New, Authentic, Kntertaining, Instrictivf, Fili., and ('oMPLETe Historical ACCOUNT of Captain C O O K's Firft, SecondjThird and Laft VOYAGE s &c. Difcovcries in the \orthcra its Dinancc from AGa: and Undertaken by Order of his PRESENT MAJESTY, FOR M A K I \' G NEW DISCOVERIES in GEOGRAPHY, NAVIGATION, ASTRONOMY, ill the S o u T 11 £ K N and N o R t ii k r n H e m i s p ii f. r f. s, &c. &c. 6cc. AND SUCCESSIVELY PKRKORMKD In i1k> Years 17^^, ijCn), 1770, 1771— 1772, 177^ 1771. 1775— I77r». 1777. IJJ^. '779- »78o. His Fi r !. r \'oy M.r — bfin;; profilFcdly utidertakrn in his Miijcfly's Ship the EndfinMr, for obferv'ing the Tranfit of Venus, and for making Dilcovctirx in tiir Suuthrrn ncmifpherc, And round thf V\'orld. His SitoN D — in the Rffiluliw and AJvtnlurf, for m.iking further [Jifcovirie^ towards the South Pole, and round the World. His i'liiHO and L\sr — \n the Rr/ulul ton »nA Difioien, to tlic P.icitir Ok.hi. for nnking Hemirphcrc. and to dtlctnnne the I'ofition and Extent of the Well Side of North Aineiica; the Piadlirability of a Northern PalTagc to Europe. Comprchfiiiliiig, amot.g the greatcft Variety of the mi>ft inrercfting TrJiifjc'^uiris a f.iitliful Account of all the Particular! relative to tlie iin- foitunale l>raih i>( Cupf. Cmplele and Gcniine Narratives of mher Voyages of Dfcovery Round the World, &c. undertaken, performed, and written by EnglifJi Circum-NavigatorJ, Al. under ilie Sanftion ol' Ciovtrnment, viz. thofeuf Lord Byrun, C.ipt. VVallis, Capt. Carteret, Lord .Miu.i.kav f, Lord Anson, Mr. Parkinson, Capt. Li'Twidos, .MelF. Ives, Midolhun, smuh, .Mixike, \c.\c. iVc. Incltiding a laiiliful Relation ut the Siibltanre of alfthc mod leinarkabic and important 'I'ravtis and Journeys, wlii.h have been undertaken .u varn^us Vimn to the ditFerent ^Jiiaitcrsol the Worldy particiilaily thofe of HanWav, Hamilton, I ^RBmr, Uk; m.miish. Pocoik, Shaw, Sri art. Kalm, Carvkk, DALRTSirLt, BuRNtr, A0I>ISON, BARRttll, KkYliLEK, THICKNtkS, 'i\v|!iS, BKVUONt, ClJ AN DL I. R, J UH.NSON, S.MOLUT, MoORt, WCAXALL, tir. \ The Wiioi.K c<|inprehcnding a full ACCOUNT, from the EAR I.I EST PERIOD to the PRESENT TIME, Of whatever i.« curioun, tntertaining, and ufcful, both by Sea and Land, >n the various Countries of the known World, faithfully extracled t'rotn •he original Joiiriiali of tlie relucclive \'oyaect!., iVc. tie. ttiotis of remarkable (nridents duiiiiK ihis celcbraic •bl'trw, ltl»( ^ •drtiff Idiiiye* ollheU W«rki 'unMfriUtuy tilPn^4 (o mdny Urge Vol'jmtt, hy toolc Pfinttiif, bUnk Paper, and other Arlificfi pra^ifed by mercenary Pe^. lormuwi Sum «t gp *ai Jt o« Twenty tjumcai i To itiat many Th«uf*D4a ul Pertoni *ho wouU wtih toMrufe lh« valuable DiUovcriei fo pantallf Loramunicatra It M (be WorlJ, Mii view ihe a(»^iihin( li»; CoppiT llalti. htnrhilKeno been iicluile4 Iroin iiatifyiii; ibtir etftt Cuiiotilyi but NuMi t a t. nty I ilnr toMruM THia CDirloN, by beinf publilhed in only Eir,i< wntn coirplclcd, r>ther Os a m I'wti very Lat;e Hanaiumc Volumei in Mu^ enjbtea every PerCcn, whatever may be hi< Cutumllancei, to beti.me latuiluiiv fte^aif>t«<* with ihul aua«rtlinary tn4 !mp<>rtjni Voya^a aftj IKfiovtiica, m the Perfoiman.e antl l^uierulioi) ot which fukh vaR Sunu of the Public Money hive been eipeniieiJ. Tt.-re aea ai tha Price •! THi Woan i» icnjete«l f,' mMrrate anJ eafj, the whoi. a oT Capt. COOK'i VOY,\(»ES ST.-. will be moie univerfally rraJ, and the obvtout Intention ol' the nVA<;Ex of Cspt. J.AMES CtX)K, *£c. being Newly written by ihe Editors from the Ai'The.ntic Journals of fevcrai Principal Orrtt e«s and other Obntlemen of the moK dillinguMhed Xnvt and Philofofkiial Abitiiits, \\\)o faUt,/ in jhe X'ariiui Shfi , and Now Piihliflng under the immediate DircAioii uf GEORGE WILLIAM ANDERSON, Esq. ^AnUlcd, \ t;ry mat|rially, by a P it 1 n c i p a i. O f r i c e R who (iiilcd in the RESOLUTION SLOOP, And hy many other Gentlemen of iHe Royai Navy. LONDON: P^ntd for ALEX. HOGG, at tbeOrigitMl Kinu'sArsis, No. 16, Pater-NofierRow. f?A?<6 420 Ac \: fe4^^ The P R E F A C E. 4' HE great Utility ami vrrv intercding Nalurt of the important Fi«»t, Sjicdno, and Third VOY- AGES and DISCOVKKIES of the late C.ipt. Cook, arc acknowledged by ill Ranki of People; con- fequcntly it might be deemed impertinent here to attempt any Encomiums On the arduoul bnt cxat't KefeArchcs of thia emment and valuable Navigator, in which Difcoveries have been made far greater thati thofe of all the Other Navigator* in the World, from the Expedition of Columbus to the piefcnt t'imr. Capt. Cook is iin- quedionably allowed to have been the ablell and mod renowned Circumnavigator this dr any other Couiuiy has produced, and every enlightened Nation mull deplore his being unfortunately killed by the Savages of the {(land Owhyhce on the 14th of February 1779, when prol'ecuting his Last Vovacm. round the Globe. This great Man polfeircd, in an eminent Decree, all the Qualification! requifite for his profcirion and great Undertakings. He was cool and deliberate in judging ; fagacious in determining ; atlive iii executing ; (trady and perl'rvering in Enteiprixes; vigilant, with unremitting Caution; unfubduud by Labour, Difliculties, and Difappomtments ; fertile in Expedients; never wanting Prelenrr of Mind; always polFetring himfelf of the full Ule of a found Undcrftanding ; mild, jufl, but exa£t in Difcipline. His Knowledge, his l.xptricnct, and his Sagacity, rendered him fo iniircly Mailer of his lubjeil, that the grcatcd Obllarles were fiirmounlcd, and the mod dangeroua Navigations became eaiy, and almol\ fafe, under his Uire£liun. He explored the Southern Hrmifpherc, &c. to a much higher latitude than had ever been reached, and with fewer Accidentr. tlian fre- quently befall thofe who navigate the (!oads of Great Britain, liy his Attention to the Welfare of liis .^iiip's Company, he difcovcred and introduced a Syftem for the I'refervatioa of the Health of Scanirn in hmg N'oyages, which has proved wonderfully eflicacious : for in his .Shconu \'(>ya<;k roiiiid the World. Hhitli continued upwards of Three years, he lod only one .Man by Didemper, of One Hundred and Eighteen I'cilunj, of whom his Company confided. The Death of this Valuable Man was a Loft to Mankind in general; and particularly to tic deplored by every Nation that refpcQs ufeful Arcomplifhmentii, and honours Science. It is tlill more to be deplored by this Country, which may judly boad of having prmluced a Man hitherto uncaualied for nautical Tal( ctj ; ind ihat Sorrow is faithcr aggravated by the Keflcdion, that his Country was deprived of ihir. otiiainrnt by the Enmity of a People, from whom, indeed, it might have been dreaded, but from whom it was nut Icicivcd: for, Capt. Cook irrqucntly interpofcd, at the Haiaid of hii Life, to prote6l thcfe very People from tlic fuddcn Refentment of his own injured Ship's Ciew. I^t us rontemplate, admire, revere, and emulate, thii grot Na- vig.itOi ; whole Skill and Labours have enlarged natiir.d Philofophy ; have extended nautical Science ; and have difclofed the Idng cr«ncealcd and admirable Anangcments of the Almighty in the Formation of this Cilobc, and at the fame Time the Arrogance of Mortals, in prefuming to account, by their Speculations, Ur the Latv.i by ivhich he waspleafed to create it. It is now diicovered, beyond all doubt, that the fame Great Being who created (he Uoiverfe by his liut, by the lame ordained our Earth to keep a jud Poifu, without a corrcfponding Southern Continent. The arduous and accurate Kefcarches of this extraordinary Man have difcovcred Seas unnavigated and unknown before. I'hey have made us acquainted with lllands. People, and Produ£lion;, of ivhich we had no concebtion : and the name of Cook will be revered, while there remains an authentic Ac- count of his Three refpeclive Voyages, and as long as Mariners and Geographers (hall trace the various Coiirfes and Difcoverits he has made. Among other Advantages which niuft rcfiilt from the Undertakings of this unparalleled Commander, it is pro- bable that tli^ ('>>yjges may be the means of fprcading, in Tune, the Bledings of civilization amongd the numerous Triks of the Soulb Pacific Oceun, of abolifhing their horrid Repads, and their equally horrid Rites ; and of laying a Foundation for future and more elFeii^ual Plans, td prepare them for holding an honourable Station amon^ the Nations of the Earth. Other Difcoveries of new Countries have, in general, been Wars, or tather Maflacrts. Nation* have no fooner been found out, than they have been extirpated ; and the horrid ("rueliies of tht C«nquerorsof Mexico and Peru, can never be remembered without bliilhing for Religion and human Nature But when the Rcceflfes of the Globe are invedigated, not to enlarge private Dominion, but to ftromote geneitl Knowledge ; when we viftt new Tribes of our Fellow Creature.s as Friends, and wi(h only to earrt that thc^exid, in Order to bring them within the Pale of the OfTiccs of Humanity, and to relieve the Wants of their JmperfeOl State Of Society, by communicating to them our fupcrior Attainments; Voyages of fuch Difcovery planned with fuch benevolent Views by Okohoe the Thiku, and executed by Cook, have not, we truft, btally failed in this Ref(Te£l. The Natives of the South Pacific Ocean comparing thenifclves With their Vifitlrs, cannot but be druck with the deeped Conviv^lion of their own Inferiority, and be impelled by the drongel Motives, to drive to emerge from it, and rife nearer to a Level with thole Bittons, who deigned to lookupon them, and left behind to many Specimens of their generous and humane Attei)tinii. The very Introductiin of our uleful Animals and Vegetables, by adding frefti Means of Subfiftenee, will have added to their Coinfois and Enjoyments of Life. The Public GiiioQty being excited to the higheil Regrce rcfpeCling Capt. Cook's Voyages, (particularly his T'.'ird and l^ji Expedlion to the Pacjuc Ocean) it is neceflary to caution the Public againft the Impofitionof all muti- lated, imperfedl,and Spurious Editions, Abridgements, and Compcndiums of thefe Works; fuch Publications not being calcu|lt I'liuhjlci the- enormous Sum of upwuriit of Ikerti^ Gninct* -, to thjt many Thoufiiiids of Fcrfons who would wilh (o prruU- the valuable Difroverirs lo puiiiM)' loinmuni- cated to the World, and view the aflonifliing hnc Copper- Phtrs, have hiihrito been excluded from grritifying their eager (^uriofity ; but This Edition ii publithrd in only Eighiy Numbet.t at 6d. each, nuking when rotn- pletcd either One or Two Large Handfomt Volumes in Folio : to ef(c6l which very drfirable Knd, Kciourfe xrill be had to lai^e new Tvpes, conflruQed on Purpofc to romprife rniuh Ntatter in .1 iiltir Compali ; fo that by thif Means, and by nur aclheving to a clofe though elegant Mode of Printing, we fli.ill be enabled to prefent to the Publir at All cify Kate, antl in a finall but Tufficient C'omp.irs. more than what oiliris luxr 10 enrich private Individuals) extended and fpun out by loofe Printin;;, blank Paper, and other finiller Artifiri-i, to the Hulk of many large Vvlumes, originally fixed at a very high Kale, and by the folfilh Mamruviei of Monopolifcri now advanced to a nioft extravagant Price ; whereby the original Intention of GmTrnmrnt,*ihat the Improvements and Difcovcriet in thefe celebrated V^oyagei might be rommunirated to the Public, (at whofe Kxpenre ihex- were not only performed, but alfo printed and publiihed ' has been hitherto in a great Meafurr defeated. H-iw- cvcr. by the Publication of this Genuine and COM PI. F, IK COI.I.K TION of the Whole of Captain CfKJKi VOYAGtH, &c. in LAKGK FOLIO, all Kanks of IVrfons whatever may be accommodated, and the I'ublir Curiofity, fo naturally fitrited by the Report of fuch r \ i h aordinakv Vjivach and Dmi dvihif >, will be immediately and cheaply gratified.— The Poor as well ai the Kich will thasl)ecome familiarlv acquainted with thefe extraordinary and important X'oyages and Difiovrries, in the Perfdrmance .-rnd Profecunon of w.'iich fuch vaft Sums of the Public Money have been expended. So that ai the Price of this Wosx i< tendered lb vtry moderate and eafy, the Whole of Captain Cook's Voy-iges will be more iiniverfally rr.'d, jud the p|>i ions In. (ention of the King and Government that the Improvements and Dtlcnveries in thefe ccicbiatcd \'oy.iges might be communicated to the whole World will of courle be more liilly .nnfucred. To the Whole Difcoveries and Voyages of Capt aiv Co.ik, we mean to add complete and Rrnnine Narra- tives of other \'oyages of Difcovery round the Woild, S^c. iiiideri.ikrn. performed, and wiittm hv F.nglifh (!ii. cum -Navigators, Sec. under the Sanftion of Government ; m/. thole of I.ord Bvron, ('apt. Wallit, Capt. Car- teret, Ixird Mulgrave, I.ord Anfon, Mr. Parkinfon, (',ipt. I.uiwidge. VleflT. Ive«. .Middleton. Smirh. Moore, &c. &c. &c. Including likewife, a faithful Relation nf itic Subft.mre ot all the molt reinarkalilc and import;!nt Travels and Journeys, which have been undertaken at viritxis liine* to the different Qiiaripr< of the World, particidai ly thofe of Hanwav, Hamilton, Herbert. Drumr-otid. I'.KOck. Sli.iw, Stuirt, KaTin. ( aivcr, Ualrymple, Burnet, Addifon, Barretti, Keyller, Thicknefs, Fwils, ISrydonc. ( h.mdier, [ohnfon, .Sfnolltt, .Mi>.)rr, Wraxall, &c. It has of late become a .Mode too common to ullicr piiifxiii.ii I'nblirations into the World with a good Appearance at firft ; and, in the Courfe of their F.xrnuion to i.ill < that, when concluded, they cannot, properly fpeaking. lor «.»nt of rnilotitiity, be deemed hniflKd. That Inch Defefts will not be the Cafe in this Worx, the Publidier ,ijh,t,s ihe PiiHie. that the lattir Numbers will be equal in Goodnefs with the former; and that the \\ hole llnll hr finilhed in fo rrgiil.ir, roinplete. uniform, and elegant a Manner, as to anfwer the Wiihcs both ol the Pubiilbei and Headers, by doing Cie^it to the one, and giving Satisfaction to the other. K To the K I N G, To the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, To the Captains and Officers of the Royal Navy, AND To the Public at Large, The following GENUINE and COMPLEtk HISTORY of The Whole of Capt. COOK's VOYAGES, &c. In large Folio, embcllifhed with all the elegant and fplcndid Folio Cop kr-Plates; I S ) MOST HUMBLY DEDICATED. BY HIS MAJESTY'i AND THE PUB II C'i MOST OBEDIENT AND DEVOTED SERVANTS, The EDITOR mid PUBLISHER. mi r- »i li- n- iU liii he ite of ow m» \r<- iw- blu be «rith ucll In- light irra- Cit- (ar- , &C. rt^nt orld, mple, good ' that, ; furh nil be iForm, ic one. ally, of I, &c. •1.ATES; .NTS, JSHER. S:MillillH>TKA<'KSiiriiH' SiilfS mtilrr Inf this kind are of national conllijuente, while, at the fame tinw, thcv alf'oril a luh fund of plcafure to all thotc uho di light to fjK-nd a leidire hour in raticiiul amufcmcnt. With rcfpcvt to (jptam Cook's /.V/7 • /'vfv round the world, which was in the Emh AVoi K, It has ft> ntuch attracted the notice of the worlil, that it cannot he too panicularl) rtUted, nor 100 ni> cly examined ; and a principal advanta^^c accru- ing from the lollowing lurratiNe is, that the fame Ho- ne* lirt in diiVcrcnt lights as thty Hrike the oblcrvcr, eannot fiiil of iKing a fource of i'refti intelligence; of Ihcw ing former accounts through a new medium, and of placing them in a more linking jxiint of accunny, by judicious lorrrcfutns, and additional improvements, The voyage which is the fubjccl of our prcfent na narra- tive, was undertaken Sy order of his prcfent majcfty, for making dii'co\eries in ihe fouthern nemifphere, &c. (uiplain (.'nk was aj)()ointfd commander of the En- deavour; and with him embarked Mr. (now Sir 7*. /<-pl>) Biiuii ami Dr. Soliimln; whofe principal objeds in this expedition were, to obferve the tranlit of Ve- nus, and to attempt afterwards farther difcoveries. Mr. Jofeph Banks and Dr. Solander were men of diAin- guillud abilities. The (irft of thefe gentlemen was jioirelled of coiTiidcrable landed proiKity in Lincoln- (hire; and, upon his leaving the Univer(ity of Ox- ford, A. D. \-b_\, be made a vovage to the coafts of Nev^foundlaiid and l.abradore. Slotwithltanding the dangers and dilfi(;ulties that attended his tirll expedi- tion, Mr. Banks returned u ndifcou raged 1 and when the Kndeavour was equipping tor a voyage to the South Seas, he determined to embark with the adventurers, fiom the laudable mo:ive of enriching hjs native coun- try with the khow ledge of unknown produdinns, and new difcoveries. • It i» uniicicil'jr) to point mil ilw ubviutis impcrfcillons of all publioatinns wliiih imiu.lc only a fmiU vovage of tde very cele^ bratcil Capt. C«jli , hi> ihrtt dirf'crent ^-^yu^t, are fo iinmetliatrly eonncAcd lop-ilu-r, that owing lo l're<|iieiit references from ono to another, no jxrloii can fonn a I'atitfaiiiory idea of hit valuable di(e«vcriei, who diH-i not read his firjl, jeonl, and llird voyagti ill * KlHST. S»;imMl 11 i^tr'iif-TTihnill'ittT-rtLaatsrnJiiiit: Jab mi .1" -» t w .T' KTHIOVII -> ^ '» W *i f .■»»» V 4i« i . . */hM/ti.tU''Mvtf ♦• *••' "*' •■•' "" "•* ^'>'^'. '" . r^().,.vt.™..„^^. _ ^. :,.*,, a..**/ :i^',:'c^-- \ I • N 'y^. '"rft^-v*^ r«<%^4(« Ci'un/tlry 11 ' « nu» AW litnoihhtr /Km (Mt Jlknth ■li i iiTitmiinim r ^iii in • i«<« At L ANT It ■ —,« .,— ^■ Tk M t . , . » — i»-. — ■ - — ■■■I « '• " ' ■■ » Ti'i'Mikr iV.>. /.fVt,Jtvt . nt^tuAts^ ^t .lUr*' M**ft/ i9f lAfAinif* 'tntl^ A'*tJ. i\Hient*k^*nlf**t Capt. COOK'S Voyages complex m i! Dr. Solander, whom Mr. Banks engaged to accom- pany him. had been appointed to a place in the Bri- ti(h Miifcum, then juft cltabliflied, which he filled with credit to himfelf, and in which he gave univerfal fatisfaiftion. The Dodlor was a native of Sweden, and a man of great learning, being an adept in natural phi- lofophy, .^nd who had ftudicd under the famous Lin- nxus. Mr. Banks, befidcs the important and valua- ble acquiiition of this gentleman, took with him two draughtfmen, the one being intended tc paint fub- jcdts of natural hiftory, and the other to delineate figures and landfcapes. He had likewiie four fervants, two of whom were negroes, and a fecretary in his re- tinue. Both Capt. Cook and Mr. Banks kept accu. rate and circumftantial journals of this voyage. rThe piipers of Capt. Cook contained a minute account of all nautical incidents, and a very particular defcrip- tion of the figure and extent of the countries he had vilitcd ; and in thofc of Mr. Bank^ were found a great variety of incidents which had not come imder the in- fpedion of Capt. Cook ; bcfides, feme officers, and the more intelligent of the (liip's crew, have communicated to their friends duplicates of their journals, as well as innumerable natural and artificial curiofitics, with defcriptions of the people, and countries, their produc- tions, manners, cuftoms, rc'igion, policy, and language. Materials fo mtercfting and copious, will be thoueht quite fufficient to furnifli the public with the foilowinir New and Complete Hiftory of the whole of Capt. Look s Voyages ; m which will be contained many cu- rious remarks made by fevcral gentlemen engaged ia thefe celebrated expeditions-, and it is our intention to place every important incident in various points of view, that our readers may be complete judges of the valuable nature of the new difcoveries, and ofthe pre- ference which is due to this large, elegant, though Cheap Edition. " The preparations for this important work have been nritable to its ineftimable value, and our earneft con- cern for its credit ; while wealth and fciencc have united their powers for the purpofes of public benefit. Many of the firft literary characters of the age have favoured us with their adiftlince j not only the great outlines of nature, but the variety of ftiades within have been care- fully attended to, and not a fingle material will be negleded which may embeilifli the narratives, and give life and beauty to all the Three refpeHive Voyagts of this unparalleled Navigator. We therefore fubmit this un- dertaking to the judgement of the public, founding our claims to their favour on merit alone, knowing it is only on this Tolid foundation we can hope and expert their encouragement and protcdion. BOOK I. CHAP. I. 7he departure of the EnJe/rvour from Plymouth— -Her pajjage to the ifland of hUdeira — A defcription of its natural at- rinplics and trade — A particular account of Funcbiale, the capital of Madeira — The paffage from Madeira to Rio de Jan-iro — An account of this capita: of the I'ortugutfe dominions in Seuth America, and of the circumjacent country— In- cidcnts that happened while the Endeavour lay in the harbmr of Rio de Janeiro. T H E Endeavour, a bark of three A. D. 1768. I hundred and twanty tons, which had been originally built for the Coal-trade, was appointed to the fervice of C apt. Cook's firft voyage round the world, having on board ten carriage and twelve fwivel guns. On Auguft the 26th we tlicrefore got under fail, and took our depar- ture from Plymouth. On the 31ft, we faw fevcral of thofc birds, called by feaiiien Mother Carey's Chickens, and which they think prognofticate a rtorm. On the ad of September we faw land between Cape Finifterre, and Cape Ortega', on the coaft of Gallicia in Spain. In this courfe fome marine animals were difcovered, hitherto unnoticed by naturalifts. One of thefe, de- fcribed as a new fpccies, is of an angular form, near three inches in length, and one thick. It has a hollow palTage quite through it, and a brown fpot at one end. Four of thefe animals appeared to adhere together by their fides ; but when put into water, they (epar4tk.d, and fw?m about, ftiining with a bri^htnefs refembling the vivid colour of a gem. We alio difcovered ano- ther animal, exceeding in variety and brightncfs any thing we had fcen ; even in colour and fplendor equal to thofc of an opal. At the diftance of about ten leagues from Cape Finifterre, we caught among the rigging of the ftiip feveral birds not dcfcribcd by Linnzus. On the 12th we difcovered Puerto Santo and Madeira, and on the day following, moored with the ftreani anchor in the road of Funchiale. In heav- ing up the anchor, Mr. Weir, the- matter's mate, was unfortunately carried overboard and drowned. Upon approaching the ifland of Madeira from the fea, it appears exceeding beautiful, the fides of the hills being covered with plantations of vines, wliich arc green when all kinds of herbage, except here and there, are burnt up, which was the cafe at this time. On the 13th in the forenoon the boat came from the officers of health, no one being fuffered to land from an board a ftiip without theirpermiflion. When this was graiued, we landed at Funchiale, the chief \ town in the ifland, and proceeded dircftly to the houfe of Mr. Cheap, a conliderablc merchant, and at that time the Englifli conful there, who received us with a brotherly kindnefs, and treated us with a princely liberality. We continued on the ifland only five days, during which time the feafon was the word in the year for fearching after natural curiofities; however, the two gentlemen, Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks, puflied their excurfions about three miles from the town, and colleded a few plants in flower, by the obliging attention of Dr. Hebcrden, the chief phyfician of the ifland, and brother to Dr. Heberden of London. Mr. Banks enquired after and found the tree called Laura Indicus, the wood of which he fuppofcs to be what is called the Madeira mahogany, as there is no real ma- hogany upon the ifland. The inhabitants of Madeira have no other article of trade than wine, which is made byprcfling the juice out in a fquare wooden veflTel. Tne fize of this ia proportioned to the quantity of wine ; and the fervants, having taken off their ftockings and jackets, get into it, and with their elbows and feet prefs out as much of the juice as they can. In like manner the ftalks, be- ing tied together, are prefled under a fquare piece of wood, by a lever with a ftone faftencd to the end of it. During our ftay upon this ifland we faw no wheel- carriages of any fort, nor have the people any thing that refcmbles them, except a hollow board, or fledge, upon which thofc wine vefTels are drawn that are too big to be carried by hand. They have adfo horfct and mules very proper for their roads, but their wine is, notwithftanding, brought to town from the vine- yards where it is made, in vcflels of goat-fluns, which 9 re carried by men on their heads. Nature has been very libeClil in her gifts to Madeira. The inhabitants arc not without ingenuity, but thejr want induftry. The foil is fo very rich, and there i« fuch a variety in the climate, that there isfcarcehr any article either of the neccfParies or luxuries of life, which Madeira, but l\\ef 1 there w _^rcely any « of life, which COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE — for making Di/coveriet in the South Seas to Round the irorlJ. 7 titude of Ferdinand Noronha, longitiite 32 dcg. 5 min. weft, we began to look out for the ifland, and for the (hoals which arc laid down as lying between 'ic and the main ; but neither the illand nor (hoa's could be difcovercd. On the 29th \vc perceived that luminous appearance of the fca mentioned by navigators, which emitted rays like thofe of lightening. As Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander were not thoroughly fatisfied with any of the caufcs hitherto afligned for this pha;nomenon, and fuppofing it was occafioned by fome luminous ani- mals, they threw out a calling net, in order to try by experiment whether they were right in their conjec- tures. A fpecies of the Medufa was taken, which bore fome refemblance to metalline fubftance greatly heated, and emitted a whitilh light; they caught alfo fome crabs which glittered very much ; animals which had not before been taken notice of by the curious re- fearchers into the fecrets of nature. As provilions by this time began to grow fliort, we refolved to put into the harbour of Rio de Janeiro ; and on the 8th of November we faw the coaft of Brafil. Ujxin fpcaking with the crew of a Portu- guefe fiftiing boat, we were informed by them, that the land which we faw was to the fouth of Santo Efperito. Mr. Banks, having bought of thefc people fome fifli^ was furprized, that they required Englifh fliillings: he gave them two which he happened to have about him J for he imagined Spanifti filver to have been the only currency, and it was not without fome difpute that they took the reft of the money in pifterecns. The frefli (i(h which was bought for about nineteen ftiillings, fcrved the whole (hip's company. We ftood otr and on along fl-.ore till the 12th, having in view fuccelliycly Cape Thomas and an illand juft without Cape Frio, and then made fail for Rio de Janeiro on the i3ih in the morning. Capt. Cook fent his firft lieutenant in the pinnace before to the city, to inform the governor, that we had put into that port in order to procure rcfrelhments, and a pilot to bring us into proper anchoring ground. The pinnace re- turned, but the lieutenant had been detained by the viceroy, till the captain Ihould come on (hore. When the Ihip had come to ar< anchor, a ten oared boat filled with foldicrs approached, and rowed round her, but no converfation took place. Afterwards another boat appeared, which had feveral of the viceroy's officers on board. They enquired from whence the Endea- vour came .> what was her cargo ? what number of men and guns (he carried ? and to what port (he was bound? which queftions having been pundtually and truly an- fwered, the Portuguefe officers apologized for having detiiined the lieutenant, and pleaded the cuftom of the place in cxcu b for their behaviour. On the 14th Captain Cook went on (hore, and ob- tained leave to furnifli the (hip with proviiions ; but this permiflion was clogged with the conditions of em- ploying an inhabitant as a fador, and of fending a (bldier in the Endeavour's boat every time flie came from (hore to the veiTel. To thefe uncivil terms the Captain made many objedions; but the viceroy was determmed to inlift on them, neither would he pcrinit Mr, Banks and Dr, Solander to remain on (hore, noc fuffer the former to go up the country to colledl plants. Captam Cook conceiving from thefe and other marks of jcaloufy, that the viceroy thought they w(re come to trade, ufed all his endeavours to convince him of the contrary ; and acquainted him, that they were Iwund to the South Seas, to obferve the tranfit of Venus over the ditk of the fun, an objfeiit of great confe- quence to the improvement of navigation ; but the vice- roy by his anfwcr fcemed to be entirely ignorant of this phsenomenoii. An olFccr was now appointed to attend the captain, which order he was deiircd to un- dcrftand as an intended compliment: however, when he would have declined fuch a ceremony, the viceroy vciy politely forced it upon him. Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks were nor a little cha- grined on hearing that "they would not be permitted to refidc on (hore, aud ftill more fo when the)- uncierftood that they were not even allowed to quit the ihip : for the which cannot probably be cultivated here. On the hills ♦valnuts, chefnuts, and ' apples (lourilh, almolV without culture. Pine-apples, mangoes, guanas, and bananas, grow almoft fpontaneouny in the town. They have corn which is large grained and fine, and it might be produced in plenty ; but for want of being attended to ali they confume is imported from other coun- tries. Beef, mutton, and pork are remarkably good, and the captain took fome of the former on board for hisownufc. , ,.,/•• fuHchiale (which took its name from Ftmrbo, ligm- IVing fennel in the Portuguefe language) is fituatc at the bottom of a bay, and though it is extcniive m pro- portion to the reft of the iOand, it is but poorly built, and the ftreets are narrow and badly paved. The churches are full of ornaments, with pidtures and images of faints; the firit are, for the moft part, wretchedly executed, and the latter are drelTed in laced doaths. The tafte of the convents, efpecially of the Francifcans, is better; neatnefs and (implicity being united in molt of the ddigns of the latter. The infir- mary alfo is a piece of good architciiture, and one of the moft confiderable in this place. In this convent is a fmall chapel, the whole lining of which, both fides and ceiling, is compofed of human fculls and thigh bones : the thigh bones are laid acrofs each other, and a fcull is placed in each of the four angles. When we vifited th'; good fathers, juft before fupper-timc, they received us with great civility. " We will not afk you," faid they, " to fupper with us, becaufc we are not pre- pared, but if you will come to-morrow, though it is a fkft-day, we will have a turkey roaited for you." This polite invitation it was not in our power to accept. There are many high hills in th"s illand ; Pico Ruivo in particular is near 5100 feet high. To a certain height thefc-hills are covered with vines, above which are num- bers of chefnuts and pine-trees ; and above thefe again whole forefls of various forts of trees. The Mirmu- lano and Paobranco which arc found among them, are unknown in Europe. The latter of thefe is very beau- tiful, and would be a great ornament to our ganlens. The number of inhabitants in Madeira are computed to amount to about eighty thoufand ; anc" the cuftom- houfc duties produce to :he king of Portugal a revenue of so.oool. a year, clear of all expences. But the balance of trade is againft the people ; for all their mo- ney going to Lilbon. the currency of the illand is in Spanilh. This coin confiftcth of pifterecns, worth about a (hilling ; bitts about fixpence, and half bitts worth about three- pence. On the 1 9th of September the Endeavour failed from Madeira, and on the 21ft we faw the illands called the Salvages, northward of the Canaries. The principal of thefe was about five leagues to the fouth half weft. On the 23d the Peak of Tenerifie bore weft by fouth half fouth. Its appearance at fun fct was very ftriking; for when moft part of the ifiand appeared of a deep black, the mountain ftill reflefted rays, and glowed tvith a warmth of colour which no painting can cx- prcfs. There is no eruption of vifibic fire, but a heat ilTucs from the chinks near the top, too ftrong to ba borne by the hand when held near them. The height of this mountain is 15,396 feet, which is but one hun- dred and forty-eight yards lefs than three miles. On the 30th we faw Bona Vifta, one of the Cape de Vcrd iftands, in latitude 1 6 deg, north, and longitude 2t deg. 51 min, weft. In our courfe to Tencriffe, we Obferved numbers of Hying fi(h, which appeared very beautiful, their (ides refemblingburni(hed hlver. On the 7th of Odobcr Mr, Banks went out in a boat, and caught what our failors call a Portuguefe man of war ; together with feveral (hell fi(hes. or tcf- taceous animals, which are always (bund floating upon the water ; and on the 25th this gentleman (hot a black- toed gulp, not defcribed by Linnaeus, and whofc dung is of a red colour. We had now variable winds, with fome (howers of. rain, and the air was fo damp as to damage our utenfils confiderably. On the 25th wc crolTed the line with the ufual cere- monies 1 and on the 28th when the ftiip was in the la- 8 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLEX til L the viceroy had ordered, that the captain only, with fuch Tailors as were required by their duty, (hould come on fliore. Whether this arofe from liis jeaioufy in regard to trade, or froiii the apprehenlions he en- tertained of the extraordinary abihties of the two gen- tlemen in fcarch of new difcoveries, it is certain that • they were highly difagreeable to Mr. Banks and the Doiflor, who wcic rclolved, if pofliblc, to evade the order. With this view they attempted to go on. Ihore, but were Hopped by the guard-boat ; yet fc- vcral of the crew, without the knowledge of the cen- liiul, let thcnifclves down by a rope from the cabbin window into the boat about midnight, and drove away with the tide, till they were out of hearing. They alterwards landed on an unfrequented part of the country, and were treated by the inhabitants with great civility. • Capt. G)()k, uiicafy under the reftridions of the viceroy, rcnioiillratcd with him, but the latter would return no other Uiifuer, than that the king his mailer's orders muiV bj obeyed. The captain, thus repulfed, ami much difplcafed, refolved to go no more on Ihore, rather than, whenever he did iQ, to be treated as a pri'bntr in his own boat; for the oiVicer who was fo polite as to accompany him, conllantly attended him, both to and from the fliore. Two niemorials • were now drawn up and prefented to the viceroy, oie written by the captain, and the other by Mr. Banks ; but the anfwers returned were by no means fatisfaciory. Several papers palfrd between them and the viceroy to no good purpofe, the prohibition llill rjinaininj; as bi-liire ; from whence the captain thought it necellary, in order to vindicate his own compliance, to urge the vitcroy to an act of force in the execu- tion of his orders. For this purpofe he lent lieiite- n.mt Hicks with a packet, giving him his ordir not to admit of a guard in his boat. As this gcnileni.in was refolved to obey his captain's commands, the officer of the g iard boat did not oppofe him by force, but acquainted the viceroy with what had happened, on which the lieutenant was fent away with the packet . unopened. When returned, he found a guard of fol- diers placed in the boat, and infilled on their quitting it. Whereupon the olhcer feized the boat's crew, and conduded them under an cfcort to prifon, and the lieuten.int was fent back to the Ihip guarded. When the captain was informed of this tranfaction, he wrote to the viceroy to demand his boat and her crew, indof- ing the memorial which Mr. Hicks his lieutenant had brought back. Thefe papers he fent by a petty officer, to avoid continuing the difpute concerning the guard, which mull haw been kept up by a commilfioned officer. An anl\ver was now promifcd by the viceroy; but before this could arrive, the long-boat, which had four pipes of rum on board, was driven to windward, (the rope breaking that was thrown from the Ihip,) together with a Imall fkift that was fallencd to the boat. Immediate orders were given for manning the yawl, which being difpatched accordingly with pro- per directions, returned, and brought the people on board the next morning; from whom Capt. Cook learned, that the long-boat having filled with water, they had brought her to a grappling and quitted her, and falling in with a reef of rocks on their return, they were forced to cut the fallcning of Mr. Banks's little boat, and fend her adrift. The captain now difpatched another letter to his excellency, wherein he informed him «f the accident, defircd he would affill him with a boat to recover his own, and, at the fame time, renewed his demand of the delivery of the pin- nace ajid her crew. The viceroy granted the reqiiell, but in his anfwer to the captain's rcmonrtra.nce, fug- gelled foine doubts that he entertained, whether the fclndeavour was really a king's (hip, and alfo accufed the crew of fmuggling. Capt. Cook, in his reply, faid, that he was willii^ to flicw his commiffion, ad- ding, if any attempt Inould be nnadc to carry on a contraband trade, he rcqueftcd his exceUcncy would order the oHcnder to be taken into cuftody. The dif- pute being thus tenninatcd. Mr. Banks attempted to elude the vigilance of the guard, which he found means to do. and got fafc on Ihorc on the 26th in the inornmg. He took care to avoid the town, and palicd the day in the fields, where he could bed crati fy his curiofity, Mr. Banks found the country ixoplc inclined, to treat him with civility, and was invited to their habitations. But it was afterwards heard, that fearch had been making for this gentleman when ab- fent. He and Dr. Solander therefore refolved to run no more rifques in going on (liore, while they remained at this place. On the 1 11 of December, having taken in water and provihons, we got, with leave from the viceroy, a pilot on board ; but the wind prevented us from put- ting to fea. A Spaniih packet from Buenos Ayres, bound for Spain, arriving the next day, the captain of her With great politenefs offered to take our letters to Europe. The favour was accepted, and Captain Cook delivered into his hands a packet for the fecretary of the Admiralty, containing copies of all the papers that had palkd between him and the viceroy, leaving the duplicates with his excdlency. On the 5th we weighed anchor, and i.,,-. -d down the bay, but were ftoppcd at Santa Cruz, the principal fortification, the order from the viceroy, to let us pafs, by an unaccountable negli- gence, not having been fent j fo that it was not till the 7th that we got under fail. When we had paffed the fort the guard-boat left us, and our pilot was dif- chargcil. It was obferved, during our Hay in this harbour, that the air was filled with butterflies, chicHy of one kind, and the greatell part above our mall head. 01 the town and neighbouring country we fliall give the toll(>^^illg ddlriptioii. !eme;;icc, by our latofthe Bcne- ^Bencdiaines. fituatcd near «»"««''"" "J^''^ ' the ftrudture affords an agreeable P^fp-f vl"li^"' tains an elegant chapel, ornamented «'th fcveral va- Juable Daintincs/- The fecond is that of the Carme- iTe^wSKs the centre angle of the royaf^^^^^^^ and fronts the harbour, its church was rebuilding in a *" V Xant manner, with fine free ftone brought thi- ther tK Liilwn. The third is that of St. Anthony. Jituatcd on the top of a hill, on the fouth lidcot the towni before this convent Hands a large bafon ot brown granite, in the form of a iMralldogram, which is employed in walhing. The fourth is fituatcd at the eaaern extremity of the town, and was formerly the jcfuit's convent, but is now converted into a military hofpital. _ /, 1 L „„ in the right angle of the royal fquarc ftands the vice-i Toy's palace; this with the mint, ftablcs. goal. «c. compofc one large building, which has two ftories, and is qo feet from the water. In pafling through the pa- lace, the firft entrance is to a large hall or guard-room, to which there is an afcent of three or four ftcps. In the guard-room arc ftationed the viceroy's body-guaiUs, who are relieved every morning between eight and nine; and adjoining to the hall are the ftables, the prifon being in the back part of the building. W ithin the guard-room is a flight of ftairs for afcending to the upper ftory, which divides at a landing-placing about half wav. and forms two branches, one leading to the right, and the other to th< left. The former leads to afaloon, where there are two officers in conftant at- tendance ; the viceroy's aid-de-camp at the fame time waiting in the anti-chamber to receive meflages and de- liver orders. The left wing of the royal fquare is an irregular building, which rt)n(tfts chiefly of (hops occupied by trading people. In the centre of this fquare is the fountain, of which we have made mention, as being fupplicd with water from a fpring at the diftance ot three miles, from which if is brought by an aqucdud. The place is continually crowded with negroes of both fcxes waiting to fill their jars. At the comer of every ftrect is an altar. The market place extends from the north-eaft end of the fquare along the (hore, and this htuation is very convenient for the filhing boats, and thofe who bring vegetables from the other fide of the river to market. Negroes are almoll the only people who fell the difltrent commodities exptofed in the market, Knd they employ their leifure time in fpinning cotton. The form of government is in its conftitution mixed, but in fad very defpotic ; the viceroy and civil magif- fratc of the town frequently committing perfons to prifon, or tranfporting them to Liibon, at their own pleafurc. In order to prevent the people from making excurlions into the country, in fcarch after gold and diamonds, certain bounds are prefcribed them, fome- times at a few, and fi)mctimes at many miles diftance from the town ; and if a man is taken up by the guiird without the bounds, where ihey conftantly patrole, he is immediately fent to prifon. The inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro are exceeding numerous, and confift of Portuguefe, Negroes, and In- dians, which lall w ere the original natives of the coun- try. The town (hip of Rio is but a fmall part of the Capitanea, or province ; yet is faid to contain 37.000 %»hite people, and 629,000 blacks, many of whom are free, making together 666,000, in the proportion of 17 to I. The military is compofed of twelve raiments of regular troops, lix being Portuguefe, and ux Creoles, and twelve regiments of provincial militia. The in- habitants are Icrvilely fubmiflive to the regulars, and it has been faid, that if any of them (hould omit the compliment of taking off his hat, when he meets an olHccr, he would be immediately knocked down. But thrfuiiordination of the officers to the viceroy is equally mortifying, for they arc obliged to wait three times every day to know, or receive his commands : the an- fwer frequently is, " there is nothing new." In Rio dc Janeiro the gentry keep tneirchaifes. which are draw n by mules t tnc ladies however ufe a fcdan No. I. chair, boarded before and behind, with curtains on each fide, which is carried by two negroes on a pole connetfted with the top of the chair by two rods, coming from under its bottom, one on each fide, and refting to the top. The apothecaries fliops commonly fcrve the purix)i'cs of coffee-houfes, as the people meet in them to drink capillairc, and play at back-gammon. When the gentry are feen abroad, they arc well dreffed, tlwugh at home but loofely covered. The (hop-keepers have generally Ihort hair, and wear linen jackets with flceves. The women in general, as in moft of the Por- tuguefe and Spanifli fettkmcnts in South America, arc more ready to grant amorous favours than thofe of any otlicr civilized parts of the world. As foon as the even- ing began, females appeared at the windows on every fide, w ho dillinguifhed fuch of the men as beft plcafed their fancies by throwing down nofegays: and Dr. So- landcr and two other gentlemen received fo many of thefe love-tokens, that they threw them away by hat- fulls. Without the Jefuits college on the fliore, is a village called Ncullra Seignora del Gloria, which is joined to the town by a very few intervening houfcs. 'Three or four hundred yards, within the Jeiuit'scollcge, ftands a very high caftle, but it is falling to decay. The bi- ftiop's palace is about three hundred yards behind the Benedidiiie convent, and contiguous to it is a magazine of arms, furrounded by a rampart. The inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro maintain a whale- fiftiery, which fup|)lics them with lamp oil. They import brandy from the Azores, and their flaves and Kail India goods from their fettlements in Africa, their wine from Madeira, and their European goods from Lifbon. The current coin is Po'rtuguefe, which is ftruck here ; the filver pieces are called petacks, of different value ; and the copper are five and ten ree pieces. This plate is veryufeful for fhips that are in want of refrefhment. lliey water, as we have before obferved, at the fountain in the great fquare, but the water is not good. We landed our calks on a fmooth fandy beach, which is not more than a hundred yards diftant from the fountain, and upon application to the viceroy a centinel is appointed to look after them. The harbour is fafe and commodious, and diftinguilh- ed by a remarkable hill, in the fliapc of a cone, ^t the weft point of the bay. The entrance is not wide, but it is eafy, from the fea breeze which prevails from noon to fun-fet. for any fliip to enter before the wind. The entrance of the narrow part is de- fended by two forts. La Cruz, and Lozia ; they are about three quarters of a mile from each other. The bottom being rocky, renders it dangerous to an- chor there, but to avoid it Ihips muft keep in the mid-channel. The coaft abounds with a variety of fifh, among which are dolphins and mackaref. Provifions, except wheaten breadt and flour, arc cafily procured. Yams and caffada are in plenty. Beef both frefh and jerked may be bought at two-pence farthing a pound, but it is very lean. The ^,^"016 jerk their beef by taking out the bones, and cutting it into large but thin flices; They then cure it with fait, anddry itinthefhade. It eats very well, and, if kept dry, will remain good a long time at fea. Mut- ton is fcarcely to be procured. Hogs and poultry are dear. Garden fluff and fruit are in abundance, but the pumkin only can be prefcrved at fea. "Tobacco alfo IS cheap, though not good. Rum, fugar, and mo- laffcs are all excellent, and to be had at leafonable prices. The climate of Rio de Janeiro is healthy, and free from moil of thofe inconveniencies incident to tropical countries. The air is feldom immoderately hot, as the fea breeze is generally fuccceded by a land wind. The feafons are divided into dry and rainy, though their commencement of late has been irregular and uncertain, for the latter had failed for near Tour vears preceding our arrival ; but at this time the rain had juft began, and fell in heavy fiiowera during our flay : fbrmcrly the ftrcets have been overflowed by the rain, and rendered impalFable with canoes. • <-■ • The- lO Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGE » COMPLETE. V' u T ! , 4 1 \ The adjacent country is mountainous, and chiefly covered with wood, a Tmall part of it only being cul- tivated. Near the town the foil is loofe and fandy, but farther from the river it is a fine biack mould. It produces all the tropical fruits jn great plenty, and without much cultivation, a circUmftance exceeding agreeable to the inhabitants, who are very indolent. The mines, which lie far up in the country, are very rich. Their fituation is carefully concealed, and no one can view them, except thofe concerned in working and guarding them. About twelve months before our arrival, the government had detedted feveral jewellaH jn carrying on an illicit trade for diamondl wUh flavca in the mines t and immediately afterward* > law paired, making it felony to work at the trade/cff to have any tools fit for it inpoffeffion, the civil of ficers having indifcriminatcly fcizcd on all that could be found. Near 40.000 negroes are annually imported to dig in the mines, fo pernicious to the human Oame are thofe works. In 1 776, ?o.ooo more wcredraucht- ed from the town to fupply the deficiency of rh« former number. ' CHAP. II. ii>' iitii The departure of the Endeiwour Jrom Rio de yaneirt^—Her paffii^c to the enlroMre of the Streifbt W Le Maire—nm inhabitants of Terra del Fuego defcribed—Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander afcend a mountain m fearch of tlmts—A* aeeottnt of what happened to them in this excurJion—The Endeavour jaffes through the Streiebt Le Maire—An ae count of her paffage, and a further defription of the inhabitants of Terra del Fuego, and its produflions—RcmaX refpefling the foutheaft part of Terra del Fuego, and the Streighl of Le Maire—Dirtffions for the pa/Taee welhvard round this part of Amrka, into the South Seas — The ijare of the Endeavour from Cape Hon to the newly difctKered ■The inhabitant' -t-t"-'—! —.-'L - ~- ..•-- ^<. incidents during the ceurfe, and on the Endeavour's arrival amng them. iJlands—An account of their figure and appearance— The inhabitants defcribed; with a narrative ef'tbe'vorims ON the 8th of December, having pnKurcd all no- ceflkry fupplics, we took our departure from Rio de Janeiro; and on the uth an amazing nnrober of atoms were taken out of the fca. Thefe were of a ycl- lowifli colour, and few of them were more than the 5th part of an inch long; nor could the bcft microfcopc on board the Endeavour difcover whether they belonged to the vegetable or animal creation. The fea was tinged in fuch a manner with thefe equivocal fubftances, as to exhibit broad (Ireaks of a limiiar colour, for near the fpace of a mile in length, and for feveral hundred yards in breadth. Whence they came, or for what de- figned, neither Mr. Banks nor Dr. Solander could de- termine. Perhaps they might be the fpawn of Ibme marine animal, unknown to either antient or modern phik>fophers. On tlie I ith we hooked a (hark. It proved to be a female. When opened we took fix young ones out of it, five of which were alive, and fwam brifkly in a tub of water, but the fixth appeared to have been dead Ibmc time. From this time we met with no nrMterial occurrence till the 23d, when we difcovercd numerous birds of the profillaria kind, in latitude 39 deg. 37 min. fouth, and longitude 49 deg. 16 min. weft; we alio difcovered great numbers of porpoiles of a lingular fbecies, about 1 5 feet in length, and of an a(h colour. On the 23d we obferved an eclipfe of the moon; and about fevcn o'clock in the morning, a fmall white cloud appeared iii the weft, from which a train of fire ifltied. extending itfelf wefterly : about two minutes after, we heard two difiind loud explofions, immediately fuc- ceeding each other, like thofe of cannon, after which the doud difappcared. On the 24th we causht a lai»e loggediead tortoife, weighing one hundred and fmf pounds. We likewifc Ihot feveral birds, one an alb(^• trofs, which meafiired between the tips of its winga nine feet and an iiich, and from its beak to the tail two feet one inch and an half. On the 30th we ran up' wards of fifty kasues, through vail numbers of land infedls, fome in the air, and others ujpon the water ; they appeared to refemble exadly the fiiss that are fecn in England, though they were thirty leagues from land, and fome of thefe infeos jtre known not to vards driven out again with fuch violence, (the tide being againft us) that the (hip's bow-fprit was frequently under water. At length, nowever, we rax anchorage in a fmall cove, on the eaft of Cape St. Vincent, the entrance to which our capuin named St. Vincent's Bay. Thie' weeds which grow here upon rocky ground are very remarkable, they appear above the furface in eight and nine fathoms water. The leaves are four feet in length, and nuiny of the ftalks, though not more thtn an inch and a half in circura.- ference, above one hundred. Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks went on Ihore, where having continued four hours, they returned about nine in the evening, with upwards of an hundred difierent plants and flowers, of^ which none of the European ootanifb had taken any notice near this bay. The country in general was flat, and the bottom, in par. ticular, was a gralTy plain. Here was plenty of wood, water, and fowl, and winter bark was found in great plenty. The trees appeared to be a fpecies of the birch, but neither large nor lofty. Th£ wood was white, and they bore a frnall leaf. White and red cran- berries were found in thefe parts. On the 1 8th we came to an anclior in twelve fathom water, upon coral rocks, before a fmaH cove, at the dif- tance of about a mile from the (hore. At this time two of the natives came down upon the beach, as if they ex- pe<^ed that the ftrangcrs would land ; but as there wa* no fhelter here, the (nip was got under fail again, and the Indians retired difa|^inted. The fame afternoon, about two o'clock, we came into the bay of <3ood Suc-^ cefs, and the vefTcl coming to an anchor, the captain went — _ i 1 -.- "t •_ . - 1 1. 4 ■ 4 ' < » 1 I , ir *** id . • ■ y 1 1 ■ y-' ■ . -.^ 1 i - i ■ V- f i 'y\ ■ \ '^■' ' ■ - -. i : t 1 ' , " ■■■ J, t i i I ji .- ♦-■ 1 \ i " - 1 .' V- \ COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas tc Round the IVorld. i i went on Ihorc. accompanied by Mr. Bank, and Dr. Sander, in o dcr to fearch for a watering P"^^/"^ Srfc with the Indian.. Thefe gentlemen had not nSded above one hundred yards before the captam. Kn two o'f the Indian, that had ftated «hen,fclve. rofe UD and ihrc^away the fmall fticki which ^ey held Keirhand.. a. aUcn of amity. They .fterward. «tS to their companion., who had remamed oi fomrSftance behind 'them and made f|gn. to thc.r S. to advance, whom they received in a friendly auHijrh uncouth manner. In return for their civility. fom« ribband, and beads were diOribntcd "niong^them. Thus a fort of mutual confidence was caablilhed and the rea of the Englifh joined the party, the Indians converfing with them in their way, in an amicable njian- ner Capt. Cook and his friends took three of them to the Ihip, dreffed them ih jackets, and gave them bread and other provifions. part of which they carried on Ihore with thc-m , but they refufcd to drink rum or brandy, making figns that it burned their throats, a. their prope' drinlTwa. water. One of thefe people madefeveMl long and loud '"P^'^chcs, »>ut no part of Scm was intelligible to any of us. Another ftole the covering of a globe, which he concealed under his Barmen? that was made df (kin. After having re- Siained onboard about two hours, they returned on Aore. Mr. Banks accompanying them. He conducted them to their companions, who fecmed no way curious to know what their friends had feen. and the latter were as little difpofcd to relate as the former were to enquire. None of thefe people exceeded five feet ten inches in height, but their bodies appeared large and robuft. though their limbs were fmall. They had broad flat faces, high checks, nofes inclining to flatnefs, wide noftrils. finall black eyes, large mouths, fmall. but m- difForent teeth, and rfraight black hair, falling down over their ears and foreheads, the latter being generally fmeared with brown and red paints, and liTcc all the original natives of America, they were beardlefs. Their garments were the Ikins of feals and guanicoes, which they wrapped round their (boulders. The men like- wile wore on their heads, a bunch of yarn which fell over their foreheads, and was tied behind with the finews or tendons of fome animals. Many of both fexcs were painted on different parts of their bodies with red, white, and brown colours, and had alfo three or four perpendicular lines pricked acrofs their cheeks, and noles. The women had a fmall ftring tied round each ancle, and each wore a flap of (kin fattened round the middle. They carried their children upon their backs, and were generally employed in domeftick la- bour and drudgery, Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, attended by their fcr- vams, fet out from the (hip on the i6th, with adefign of going into the country as far as they could that day, and returning in the evening. Having entered a wood, they afcended a hill through a jftthlels wilder- nefs till the afternoon. After they had reached what they took for a plain, they were greatly difappointed to find it a fwamp, covered with birch, the budics in- terwoven and fo inflexible that they could not be di- vided: however, as they were not above three feet high, they ftepped over them, but were up to the an- cles in boggy ground. The morning hira been very fmc, but now the weather became cold and di(aeree- able 1 the bla(^s of wind were very piercing, and the fnow tell thick ; neverthelefs they purfued their route in hope of (inding a better road. Before they had got over this fwamp, an accident happened that greatly difconcerted them : Mr. Buchan, one of the draughtl- men, whom Mr. Banks had taken with him, fell into a fit. It was abfolutely necedaiy to (lop and kindle a fire, and fuch as were moft fatigued remained to aflift him ; but Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and Mr. Monk- houfe proceeded, and atuined the fpot they had in view, where they found a great variety of plants that gratified their curiofity and repaid their toil. On re- turning to the company amidft the fnow which now fell in great abundance, they found Mr Buchan much rccm'ercd. Thev had previoudy fcnt Mr. Monkhoufe 3 and Mr. Green back to him and thofe that remained with him, in order to bring them to a hill which waa conjeflured to lie in a better track for returning td the Wood, and which was accordinBrly fixed on a. a place of rendezvous. They refolved from this hill to pafg through the fwamp, which this way did not appear to be more than half a mile in extent, into the covert of the wood, in which they propofed building a hut, and kindling a fire, to defend themfelvcS from the feverity of the weather. Accordingly, the whole party met at the place appointed, about eight in the evening^ whilft it was dill day-light, and proceeded towards tne next vrtllcy. Dr. Solander, having often palTed oyer mountain, in cold countries, was fenfible, that extreme cold when joined with fatigue, occafions a drowfinefs that is not eafily refifted i he therefore intreated his friends to keep in motion, however difagreeable it might be to them. His words were — Whoever fits down will fleep, and whoever fleeps will wake no more. — Every one fccmcd accordincly armed with refolution ; but, on a fudden, the cold became fo very intenfe as to threaten the moft dreadful cffcdts. It was now very remarkable, that the Dodlor himfcif, who had fo forcibly admo- niflied and alarmed his party, was the firft that infi(\cd to be fuft'ered to rcpofe. In fpilc of the moft earneft intreaties of his friends, he lay down amidft the fnow, and it was with difl\culty that they kept him awake; One of the black fervants alfo became weak and faint, and was on the point of fullowing this bad example. Mr. Buchan was therefore detached with a party to make a fire at the fiift commodious fpot they could find. Mr. BankJ and four more remained with the do<5tor and Richmond the black, who with the utmoft difficulty were pcrfuaded to come on ; and when they had traverfed the greateft part of the fwamp, they ex- pre(red their inability of going any farther. When the black was told that if he remained there he would foon be frozen to death, his reply was, That he was fo much exhaufted with fatigue, that death would be a relief to him. Dotflor Solander faid he was not un- willing to go. but that he muft firft take (bme (Icep, ftill perfifting in adling contrary to the opinion which he himfelf had delivered to the company. Thus re- folved, they both fat down, fupportcd by (bme buflies, and in a fhort time fill adcep. Intelligence now came from the advanced party, that a fire was kindled about a quarter of a mile farther on the way. Mr. Banks then awakened the doctor who had already almoft loft the ufe of his limbs, though it was but a few minutes fince he fat down; neverthelefs, he confented to go on, but every meafure taken to relieve the black proved ineffeclual. He remained motionlefs, and they were obliged to leave him to the care of a failor, and the other black fervant, who appeared to be the leaft hurt by the cold, and they were to be relieved as foon as two others were fufficiently warmed, to fill their places. The dodor, with much difficulty, was got to the fire t and as to thofe who were fent to relieve the companions of Richmond, they returned without having been able to find them. What rendered the mortification ftill greater was, that a bottle of rum (the whole (lock of the party) could not be found, and was judged to lave , been left with one of the three that were milling. A fall of fnow continuing for near two hours, there now remained no hopes of feeing the three abfcnt per- fons again. At twelve o'clock, however, a great (hout- ing was heard at a diftartce, which gave inexprefltble fatisfiidlion to every one prefcnt. Mr. Banks and four others went forward and met the failor, who had juft ilrength enough left to walk. He was immediately fent to the fire, and they proceeded to feek for the other two. They found Richmond upon his legs, but in« capable of moving them ; the other black was lying fenfelefs upon thC; ground. All endeavours to bring them to the fire were fruitlefs ; nor was it pofiible to kindle one upon the ipot, oh account of the fnow that had fallen, and wa. falling; fo that there remained no alternative, and they were compelled to leave the two unfortunate negroes to their fate, after they had made them ^5 «i* Capt. C O O K'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. i'i- !■ i III thctn a bed of the bought of feme trees, and cdVered them over thick with the Tune. Aa aU hands had been cmpkqrcd in endeavouring to move thefe poor blacks t^ the fire, and had been expoTed to the arid for near ah hour and an half in the atteinpt, ibme of them begwi tb be affliAedJa the fame manner as thbfe whom they! were to rdicve. iV>fcoe. another iervant of Mr. Bank*, in particular, began to lofe his fcfibility. At laft they reached the fire, and paflcd the night in a very diu agreeable manner. The party that fet out from the (hip had co;ifified of twelve i two of thcTc were already judged to be dead, it was doubtful whether the third would be able to re- turn on board, and Mr. Buehan, a fourth, fccmed to be threatened with a return of his fits. The (hip they reckoned be at the difiancc of a lon^ day's journey, through an unfretiuentcd wdod, in which they might probably be bewildered till night, and having been '|,cquip()cd only tbra journey of a Tew hours, they had not z fumciency of provifions left to afford the company a f^ngle meal. At day-break on the i jth nothing prcfcnted itfclf to the view all around but (now, which covered alike the trees and the ground ; and (he blafts of m imi were (b frequent and violent, that their journey fccmed to be rendered impnuljticablc, and they had reafon to dread pcrifliing with cold and famine. However, about fix in the morning, they were flattered with -a dawn of hope of being oelivcrcd, by difcovering the fun through the clouds, which gradually dimini(hcd. Before their felting out, mclfengcrs were difpatchcd to the un. happy negroes: but thefe returned with the melan- cholly news of their death. Thoush thefky had flat- tered the. hopes of the furvivors, the fnow continued falling very fa(t, a circumdance which impeded their journey, but a breeze fpringing up about eight o'clock, added to the influence of the fun, began to clear the air, and the fnow falling in large flakes from the trees, gave tokens of a thaw. Hunger prevailing over every other confideration, induced our travellers to divide the fmall remainder of their provifions, and to fet forward on their journey about ten in the morning. To their great a(loni(hmcnt and fiuisfaAion, in about three hours they found themfelves on the (hore, and much nearer to the (hip than their moil fanguinc expedations could have fiiggelled. When they looked back upon their former route from the fea, they (bund that inftcad of afcendins the hill in a dired line, they had made a circle almoft round the country. On their return, thefe wanderers received fuch congratulations from thofc on board as can more eafity be imagined than ex. , prelTed. Mr. Banks and Dr. Sdander wept on (horc again on th. 3Qth of this month, landing in the bottom of the bay, where they colle&ed a numoer of (hells and plants, Mtherro unknown. After having returned to dinner, they went to vifit an Indian town, about two miles up the country, the accefs to which, on account of the nhud, wn difficult. When they aproachcd the town, two of the natives came out tn meet them, who began to (hout in their ufual manner. They afterwards con- ducted Mr. Banb and the Dodlor to their town. It was fituate on a fmall hill, over-(haded with wood, and confifted of about a dozen huts, 'coriftrucled without art or rtsubrity. They were conipofed of a few poles iiicUmng to each other in the fhape of a fugar-loaf, iHMch wire covered on the weather 6dc with grafs and boi^hli ind dn the other fide a fpace was left open, wi^ jiianred at once for a fire-pla^e and a door. They wcR of die 6me nature of the l|Uts that had been feen at St. iniK^*a Bay. A little grafs ferved for Ms and^ap, iad their utenfiU were a ba(ket for theliKBil, a fatdirico h|uw iipim tf>(|;bwck, and a bladder for water, oiit of «hi^ they dmkmon^ a hole liear the mp. Ti^toimirMinhaliyrterittriticofaboutfii^. men, wiHnek, «id chikbou tfcrir bow^ aiyd aixowji were cdnftMided with neaMefi ^ ihgettuiQr, being midciorwadd hkihlypoliilied,^ilild point wh'# wii eidier g^ St flint, veiy (kilfit% fitted. The(e latter fuMbMcet weit obferved among rhem unwrought, miSXm •••*?> «|?»b. <•«» hMtt*illt*c. ftom whence it was concluded diM tby femeihmea trwvellfed m the north, ward. «• no Odo, to ytan MO; had toudiai tt thia part of Terra del /niMO^ The nativeaheit didnot (hew any fiirprifeat di«|g|»or ftiCranmi bMiopeafed to be weU «cquainted witHithcdr uft. U ia ul^ that the fpot op which the Dodtor wd Mr. Banke met tkm^ was not » filed habintion, an their houfes did nocfeem as If Ommm ewaed to (Und for any lona time, and they had w» boaia or canoes among them^ Tliey did not appear to hav* «», form of aovcmmcnt or any ideas of fubordination. Tbqr feeimCio be the very out.oa?s of ment and a people that pilBid. their lives in waadoring in a forlorn nuuiner over rfreary waftes ; their dwelling being a thatched hovel, a'ld |heir chMthing fcaroely CaU ficient to keep them fro-n p«ri(hing with cold, even in thefe climates. Their onlv fiwdi was fltell-fifh. which on any one fpo: nuifi foon be «thau(lcdi nor had they the rudeft implement of art, not even (o much as was necclTary to drefs their (bod, yet ainid(t all this, we ar« told, that they appeared to enjoy that content which is fcldoin found in great and populous cities t a fpecies of conu-nt, which if they really enjoyed it, mufi have arifen from fiupidity. afatitf«£tion the oHTspring of the grcateft ignorance. Such ia the (late of uncultivated nature i luch the rude form which uncivilifcd man puta on. The wants of thefe people fccmed to be few I but foipe wants all mankind mult have, and even the moft umple of them, thefe poor favages appeared fcarcely in « condition to gratify. The call* of hunger and mm mu(l be,orman mvd pcri(hi yet tnc peo^ pic tni]ue(|ion (cemed to dmndon chance for the means of anfwering them. 'Vhofe who can be happy in /uch a fituation, can only be fo, becaufe they have not a due feeling of their mifery. We know that there have been admirers of (^nple nature amongft the phi- lofophers of aU ages and nations { and certainly fimple nature has her beauties. In regard to the vegetative and brute creation, (he tmerates with rcfiftlefs enemy s her power is prevalent as her pencil is inimitable s out when we afcend in the (bale of beings, and come to examine the human race, what (haU we find them, with- out cultivation ? It is here that infiinA ends and rea(bn begins, and without entering into the oueftion. Whe- ther a ftale of^. nature is a flate of war* when weoAx- fcrvc the innumerable inconveniences to which thofe are fubjedl on Whom the light of fciencc never dawned, wc may eafily determine in the fiivour of thofc arts whibh have civilized mankind, .formed them into fo- cieties, itfined their nunners, and taught the nations where they h^ve prevailed, to prot£t thofc righu which the untutored favagci have ever been d^iged to yield to the fjiprrior abiaties of their better inftruSed invaders, and have thus fidlen a prey to European tyranny. . We obferved in this plaee4ieals, fea-lions, and dogs, an^ no other iquadrupeds i neverthelef: it is probable « there ate other kmds of animals (n the country; for Mr. Banks icm^od, from a hill, an irapreflion <^thc foot-fteps of ji huge animal on the furiace of a bog, but of what kuid it was he could not determine. Not any^land-birds were feen larger than an Engliih bbck- bira, hawks and vultures excepted. Ducks and other water-fowis wc faw io abundance f alfo (hell fifh, clams, an(l limpets, iliecountry though uncleared had oeu, ther gnat, mufquiro. nor any other noxious or trouble- fome animals. A great .variety oCplants were -found l^ the Do&or and Mr. Batiks. The wild .celery' and fcurvy-grafs are ftqppofed to contain antifcorbutic qua- lities, which will therefore be of fervice to the crewa of fuch (hip as hereafter may OMutch at.t^i* place, after ».Uimg voyage. The latter is found inapuncUnce near firings suuTm damp places, particu^ily at .the water- ing place in the bay of Good auccer*, and it refemblea the Elm^ilil cucltpw flower, or Udy>-fmpck. The wild celery ia like whatgrofws in our gardens in £ng- faind, but the leaves are of* deeper green. Thispiant inay be found in plenty hear the beach, and upon the land above the fprii^ tides. ■ In tallc it is between that of celery and parfley. The graceful feaman, long con- fined ■,^^_ ^ ^•***. 1 ^r— ji-t-'-i*' -±3' K4f . \^^ • CTSV ■^t win I**!*. I it'l r- -^ fi i' ' •'*'****««* •«^.^ nSuEiKaF^** Hill ii» {♦"r,..f»Aj,;^ i^ sir^ r-nr^'^' ■rmiiiTT" ^H -ne^^i^^^^^E . ^*fo,^ ^*^^-'^-^ ^^1 ■ ^^K *»C^^^^^^^ 5v',':. ^F^ T^^^ "^ ** ^■•-c.^;_^-.v_;.;.. '• • ''^- ii: %■■ £1: ^ss^gH ''r^'r'^^^'H*" ■«i!»v«iwas.j:'3,tv4: ;,-. -Ja-^,-. '**• •"*J3»^"! -iji».:! ■?#r ■'<- '4 Capt. GOOK'a VOYAGES COMPtBTE. M ■ i> grmttr pan of it. Tkc AwnMimUm bonkt of land ITM low mmI mmw in mwtf |iiK)n,cibeelaUv towanU the tbutht where the beach omafied oTa raer of roclu. ThfM pbctt on ihc iwnh flde had ihe fiiRie ■ppetmice, fb that on the whole ihe land ifecnted lo raflmiMe feveral woody iflamb. To the weft wat a large clump of irtct, and in the center two cot-oa«n«K treei. When within • mile of the north fiJc, thomih we caft one a Une^ no bottom could be found at i,|0 bihom, nor anjr good •nchoraoe. Thit ifland waa covered with tivei, but we could difcern no other fpeciei than the palm and the cocoa«nut. Several of the nativea were aifcovcred on (horei thev appeared to he tall, with hcada remark- able large, which probabl. Ibme bandage might have iacreawd. Their compleKwn waa uf the copper colour, and their hair wa* black. Soine of thcfc people were feen abnaft of ihe (hip, holding polea orpikca of twice their own height. They appeared allti naked, but when they retired, on the Ihip * pafluig by the iflaadi, they put on a iight able wind, and about three o'clock dilcovered land to the wcftward. It waa low, in form refembling a bow, and in cireumferciKfl feemed to be ten or twelve leaguea. Ita length ia about three or finr leaguea, and iu wkiih about two hundred yarda. The Mach waa flat, and ficcmed to have no other herbage upon it than iea-weeda. llie refemUance of a how wu preferved in the arch and cord forming the 'and, while the intermediate ^pace waa taken up by water. The arch, in general, waa covered with treea of varioua verdure and diArent keighu. Thia ifland. from the (inokc that waa difco- .vercd, appeared to be inhabited, and we gave it the tumeofBow Ifland. On the 6tli, about noon, we again law land to the weft, and at three o'clock we came up with it. Thit bnd feemed to be divided into two paita, or rather a col- ledion of iflandi, (to which we ||ave the name of the Groupa) to the extent of about nine leaguea. The two largen were divided from the othera by a ftreight, the breadth of wMak waa about half a naila. flame of theft iflanda were ten miteter mow in leflgih, bat ap. pearad like king narrow flringa of knd, not above a quaiaer of a mile in breadth i but they piaduced treeai however, of different kinda, among wMcN w|a iha flocoa.nut tree. Several of the inhaMtama caaM ant In thalrtaanoca. and two of dwm flMwed an intention of coming on board i but thefe, like the rrft, fto|tped at the reef. From the oMervatiom made, ihcfe people appeared to be about our fite, and well made. Ilieir conytodon waa brown, and they were naked. In ue* neral, thty had two weapona, one wai a k>ng ptSe. fpear.pointed, and the other refemblcd a paddle, fie* veral of dwir canoee were conftruAed in fuch a manner u not to carry more than three perfont i othera wero fitted up for Ox oe Ikven i and one of ihcfe Ikmu hoifled a tail, which waa convened into an awning when a dwwer of rain feU. Capuin Cook woukl not ftay for any of them, neither couM we determine, whether the (ignala made were meant for defoince, or for invitation t one party waving their hat*, and another nnfwering by flioutii^. In thli refped it waa not judgci. prudem to trv the experiment, in order to be convinced, u tha ifland appeared of no importance, and the crew not being in want of any thing it could produce. Thia cu. noflty waa therefore laid afide, in eipeOation of fooo difcovering the ifland, where we had been direiScd to make our aftromMnical obftrvatkma, the nativea oif which, it waa reafonable to cocyeAure, wouM make no reflftance, having already experienced tk^ danger of oppofing an European force. On me yih, we difoovered another ifland, judged ta be in ccrnipafa about five milea, being very bw, and having a piece of water in the center. It appeared to abouM in wood, and to be covered with veraure, but we faw no inhabiunta upon it. It waa named Bird Ifland. from the number of birda that wcic ften flying about. Thit liei in latitude 17 de^. 48 min. fiNith* and 143 dcg. 35 nua. weft longitude 1 diftant teh Icacuea, in tlw direction weft, half noith from the weft end of the Groupa. On the 8tb, in the afternoon, we faw land to the nonhward, and came abreafl of it in the evening, at about Ave milea diftance. Thia land IceiiMd to oa a chain of ,k>w iflanda, of an oval figure, and confiftod of coral and fand,. with a few claflupa of fmall trcea, and in the middle of it waa a lagooik On account af its appearance, it waa called Chain Ifland. On the loth, after a tempeftuoua night, we canne in fight of Ofoaburgh Iflaad, called by the nativea Maitea, Thia ifland ia.cjeculsri.aboBt four milea in circumference, partly rocky, nod partly covered with tieet. i ! ■!l c H A ii»,i;:,vjM. The EHdeavmr atrivttM Olabeite, tr Geont the tbirttt ffl^k^l^ tflMi^h Cap/Mk Cmkjk tmiiOiiai stn ievnd mideidt Juriifg m^^mlhU jfitm i — A n Mrufimj m4fin mlfti^lm trade •miib the mUiv«t-m.JU M(mmt rfjevtrd L , „ 5,,^ . .. - -... ., . . >M Id/a tke v^edt^FifiUfnmJeveral ^Ibe fbi^S'r^flllelmi^/ Ihe ^'y^t^^ "mm fiiayni »f^ j^> 4{fcribti'mOther e*smjm* i ... . . .... --. „ . . /= ^ the ijlM^vThefart 4tftr vtrefihug metik d^Hndr-^SMnfeik Hem tudmiJenis, ttAmimi dfiflmjSmf^l^ HUemiep vttkOkw^lbejMdSiitem defmhed^tbe fiudrMtfttten, «M ike tai^aiiif»cetr>^ rifil te VaH4^ ae» Ai^'-'d dr-^nfeMiee4*Mf. wp'wnft*?) cac«n*aiiii,,lwnaaa% bqM^fritit. W9^ ftn4 %li .whid) i JMi lllt'jq a ware veiy a cc eptabl e tn the cicw. On the evening af thafpma day wcMpaad the m^b.^ point oTd^a tl^iwaing of the ra|li„fM| snitred Pm Kamd %). bour.Jn uic ifland of Oiakttuc, andaachqaad wioOn half ^.miieoC the iantu, MMqro^then^veacimaoff immrittaitir in thaic cai kpjtaiMtilit, <^Qcm-iN%^ >.1»mpMr. TlwtM«)ucMitmtMi>read.fi^ KiiitAf^,l|K.oC a,M»' ^ *>»*:*'"*! - much fl)«r ihi^! ■w torn* of «bovfl a I of foon -t€M 10 itivet of make no anurr of udgedto low, apd eared to lure, but MdBird enflyiqg n. fiwtC ftant tefi the weft d to the mingt at I to bo • confided jcn,and MUOf kt we came e natives milca in end with ■"•IJ^S fyo/rair tbiirileMi, iveningof imoTii^ ^ widi dw iread-^TMilf » are near ^ and vera much I .1 •« V*,* -W*!.. - ■f**.' ^.....w. Ft;*' if 1 . .^ . -M: \y »■! '^'11 1 **«■ ■X«A«AMMV{|i<*r JK^ , > ir ?°T "*v^ <,«>i4Mv,%MJMnMto«w. h M- ^iU2^ .A !:m! \ 1 1 k^\i 1^ MfBANKS/ /wv^/vvy //Visit/i yy/ //^Kingi/DVKE of^ORKsISLAND View^PEKFOEATED RO G K, ^/i TOL AGO BAY . ^/g),-ri^f^^-^ \ ■ ■ \ M ./is View ./'a Town rM//, Island -'/'TERRADELFUE GO COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Dijiovtritt in the South Snging to the fliip. excepting fuch only who were appointed to barter with the natives, (hould trade, or olTcr to trade, for any kinds of provi- lion, fruit, orother pnxluceof the ifland, without hav- ing exprcfs leave fo to do. That no perfon fliould em- bezzle, trade, or offer to trade with any part of the Ihip's ftores: and, that no fort of iron, or any thing made of iron, nor any fort of cloth, or other ufeful ar- ticles in the fliip, fliould be given in exchange for any thing but provifion." Thefe ncceflary rules were figned by Capt. Cook, and, being his orders, to the non-ob- fervancc of them were annexed certain penalties, be- iides the punifltmcnt according to the ufual cuftom of the navy. When the bark was properly fccured, Capt. Cook, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solamler, went on ftwre, with a party ^nder arms, and their friend the old Indian. Thcywere received by fome hundreds of the natives vith awe and reverence, who exchanged the tokens of peace, and ofknA to condudl them to a fpot of ground, which would be mere convenient for them to occupy, than that where they had landed. On their way, the Englilh nude the Indians fome prefents. which the latter very thankfully received. They now took a cir- cuit of about four miles through groves of the bread- fruit and cocoa-trees. Intermingled with thefe were the dweUinga of the mtivcs, which confifled of huts without walls. In the courfi: of their journey they found but few fowls or hogs, and underflood, that none of their condut-'lors, nor any of the people they had hitherto fcen, were pcrfons of rank in the ifland. Thofe of our crew, who had before been at Otaheite in the Dolphin, were likewife of opinion, that the queen'a refldcnce had been removed, as no trace* of it were now to be difcovered. Next day, in the morning, before they could leave the fliip, fcveral canoes came about her filled with peo- ple, wnofc drcfs denoted them to be of the fuperior clafs. Two of thefe came on board, and each of them fixed upon a friend: one of them chofe Mr. Banks, and the other Captain Cook. Theceremonial&confifted of taking off their cloaths in great mrt, and putting them upon their adq>ted friend*. This compliment was returned by our gentlemen pfefenting them with (bmc trinket*. They then made figns ror their new friends to go with \.'.\tm to the pfatce of their abode { and the latter being defirous offing acquainted with the pco)?'" and finding re contenient harbour, p':< epic ' the invitation, and went with theiii, accom- pa»icd by Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, Captain. Cook^ and others. We all landed in two boats at the diftancs of about three miles, among a great number of the na- tives, who conducted us to a laive habitatidn, where we were introduced to a middK-4^cd man, namttl Tootahah. When we were fcaled, htf prcfemed ib Mr. Banks a cock, a hen, and » piece of perfomed (;loth, which eoimplimcnt was KOMlird bf « prcfMN I II firom Mr. Banks. We were then caodu(fled to fcveral other large dwellings, wherein we walked about wirli great freedom. The ladies fo far from ftiunning, invited, and even preffed us to be featcd. Bv fre- ouently pointing to the mats upon the grouna, and uxnetimes drawing us down upon thcin, we had no doubt of their being lefs jealous of obfcrvatinn than we weret but the huts that are all open, except a roof, afforded no place of requiiite retirement. Walking afterwards along the fliore, we met, accompanied by a great number of natives, another chief named Tu.. bourai Tainaide, with whom we fettled a treiity; of peace, in the manner before dcfcribed. This chief Eve us to underfland, that he had provifions at our vice, if we chofe to car, which he produced, and we dined heartily upon bread-fruit, plantain!), and iifli. During this vifit. Tomio, the chief's wife, placed herftif upon the fame mat with Mr. Banks clofe by him I but as flic was not young, nor appeared ever to have poffeffed many charms, this gentleman paid little attention to hcrt and Tomio received an addi- tional mortification, when Mr. Banks beckoned to a pretty girl, who, with fnme reludlance, came and placnl nerfcif by him. The princefs was fomewhai chagrined at this preference given to her rival ; neveri thebfs flie continued her afliduities to her guefl. This whimflcal fcene was interrupted by an event of a moni ferious nature t Dr. Solandcr having mifled his operA glafs, a complaint was made to the chief, which inter- rupted the convivial party. The complaint was inforced by Mr. Banks's ftaning up and flriking the but-end of his mufquet againfl the ground, which ftruck the In- dians with fuch a panic that all of them ran precipi- tately out of the noufe, except the chief and a few others of the fuperior clafs. That no difadvanugeou* notions might pe entertained of them on account of this circumflance, the chief obfervcd. with an air of great probity. That the place which the Dodlor had mentioned on this occafion. was not within his diflriA, but that he would fend to the chief of it, and endea- vour to recover it, adding, that if this could not bd done, he would make the Dodlor compenfation, by Eiving him as much new cloth, (of which he produced irge quantities) as fliould be thought equal to the va- lue. The cafe however was brought in a little tititr^ and the glafs itfelf foon after, which deprived us of the merit we fliould otherwife have had in refiiflng the cloth which had been offered us. But it afforded an opportunity of convincing the natives of our gene-^ rofity, by lavifliing rewards upon them for an adlion« to which felf-interefl had been the motive, rather than any fentiment of probity; to which, from numerous tranfadions, they appeared to be abfolutely ftrangers. After this sidventure was amicably terminated, we re- turned to the fhip about fix o'clock in the evening. On Saturday the 15th, in the morning, feverai of the chiefs, one of whom was very corpulent, came oil board from the other point, bringing with them hogs, bread-fruit, and other refrcflnnents, in exchange for which they received linen, beads, and othe^ trinket* ; but fome of them took the liberty of ftealing tM lightening chain. This day the captam, attended hf Mr. Banks, and fome of the other g^tlemen, went oA fhore to fix on a proper fpot to at&. a fort for their de^ fence, daring their flay on the ifland, and the ground was accordingly marked out for that purpofe 1 a great number of the natives looking on all the while, and be^ having in the moft peaceaMe and friendly numner. Mr. Banks and his friends having feen few h^s and poultry in their walks, they fu^p^ed that they had been driven up the country t fisr which reafon they determined to penetrate into the iVoods. the tent be- ing niarded by a petty oflteer and a psaty of marine*. Oti this excuruon feverai of the natives acconnpaaied the Englifli. While the party were on their march they were alarmed by the difchwge of two pieces fiicd by the guard of the tent. Owhaw havii^ now called togetherthc captain's pun, difpcrfed all the Indian*^ except thice. who in tuk^Q of cheir fidelity bntkt bcanchct % lu'Mik U-ii l> 'i' brmcha of tvtou aceotding to tiMir cuftom, and wiwmttwattlioiightpiwrtoranini. U'hcnthcyre- Aimed to the tent, rhex mind ^t m Indian having fiiatchcd away one of the ccntinWi nwlqtHt*. a young rnkKhipman, who commanded iIm paitjr, wai io im- prudent a» to give die marines oiden ti> fire, whkh were obeyed, and manr of the natives were wounded i but this did not fiitiilythm, u the oRcnder had not Allien, mf thererore^tfiicd him iuML revet^td^ the theft by his death. TwsaAion, which was equally in- eonfiftoit with policy dbbumanity. could not but be very difplcafing to Mr. Banksi but ai what had paflcd could not be recalled, nothing remained but to endea- vour to accommodate matters with the Indii^ni.' Ac- icordingly he croflcd the river, where he met an old Inan, tniough whole medfaition (cveral of the natives were prevailed to come 9ver to them, and to give the uiiial tokens of friMdft^ The next morning, how. ever, they faw but few of the natives on the banks, •nd none came on board, from v^nce it was con- duded that the treatment thry had received the former day was not yet foigottcn, and the Englifh were con- firmed in this opinion tw Owhaw's having lel't them. In confcqucncc of thele circumftanccs, the capuin brought the (hip nearer to the Ihorc, and moored her in fu'ch a manner as to make her broad-lide bear on the foot which they had marked out for creding their little fortification. But in the evening the captain and feme of tnc eentlcmen going on (horc, the Indians came found tnem, and traiikked with tliem as ufual. . Mr. Banks on the 1 7th, had the misfortune to lofe Mr. Buchan. The fame day they received a vifit from Tubourai Tamaide, and i'ootahah. They brought with them fome plantain branches, and till thefe were re- ceived, they would not venture on board. They bar- tered feme brcad<.fruit and a hog which was ready fireifed, for nails,,with the Englilh. : The fort began to be eredlcd on the 1 8th. And now fome of the compsuiy were employed in throwing up intrenchnnents, whilfl others were buficd in cutting lifcinesandpicketB,,inwhich>work the Indians aflifted them. They fortified three fides of the place, with in- trenchmcnts, and pallifadoes, and upon the other which was flanked by a nvcr, where a breafl-work was formed by the water'^caflcs. The natives brought down fuch 9ii..ntities of biead-fifuit and cocoa-nuu this day, that it wu neccflary to refufe them, and to let them know that none would be wanting for two days. Mr. Banks fkpt for the firft time on flwre this night. None of the (ndians attempted to approach his tent, he had how- ever taken the precaution of placing ccntinels about it, for its defence, in cafe an^ attack fitould be mediut'ed. . Tubourai Tamaide vifited Mr. Banks at his tent on Wcdncfday the 19th, and brought with him his wife and family, with the materials tor crctfling a houfe, in.> tending to build it near the fort. He afterwards alked that gentleman to accompany him to the woods. On rhfiii^inrival at a place where he fometimes refided. he prefffKed his guefis with two garments, one of which . ym$ cif red cloth, and the other was made of fine mau mgl biving thus clothed Mr. Banks, he condu&ed bm< to the mjp. and ftaid to dinner with his wife and fim< Thgf had a difh fcrved up that day, which was p r ep are d b^the aQ«Hlants of Tubourai Tamaide, which ietm^ li|K irheetfloiir, and being mixed with cocoa- nut liqiMWf it WM fUntd about till it became a jelly. Its flavour «u fbmething like blanC mai^. A fort of market wes now e&ablifMd without the lines of the fort, jwhich wM.ttdaably well fupplied, and Tubourai Ta- mwde was a fi«|uenc giicn to Mr4 Banks, and the, other Eiwlifb gentlcoien, He was the only native that y xtaanpun to ule a knife andinck, being fond of adippt- ii« European manten. ■ Mr. Monkhmife thefui|^Ban Mnft abroad on>taeven^g mtik, tmnttei that he had'Siea the body of rp^ who had been fhot fiom tlKHeat, of which he give^difeliHIowinK tKXQunt.<-«f~ Mflie cofpfi; «ias dcpofit^ ta^ dole to the houfe where the :deceali9d hafflriided when he was eftve, and others were Within ten yaidi pf it. It was •bout fifteen feet in length, and eleven in breadth, and ■4 theheighngaspropoitiotiibte. llMlMiAMleMCnri were iictiAd with f fiiA tf wMm tNnki the echer end »<« M^ *p«n. the Mrif «« hier. tS fame of wMgHmu of ««i4 %np«mdlir p^ tet Ave feet high»^4(i4 was coveted wfthji met^ovw wUdl laye:whiie«laih»hythelUeofitIav« wiodmmZ and towanh the head two cocoa fhelis» t&nt£^ feet jras * Iwnth of gieen leave*, and fmalilffor bougha tied lagether, and fhick in the ground, nMr which Was a fhme about the flze of a cocoa.nutt heM were «lfo iMaccd a ywing plantain tne, and a fleae •xe. A great manv pahn nuts were hung in flrimra at theopcn endofthefhedt.aiKl thefliemofa palm- tree was Auck upon the outfide of It, upon which wee pisced a epcon-diell filled with water. Tt the fide of one of the pells there hung a little bag with fome roaftcd pieces of bread-fhiit." The natives were •« pleafcd at his approaching the body, their jeaieufy apu . peanng plainly in their ceurttenaacesend gcftuics/ ' ^ On the aid we were entertained by fome of the mu- fKians of the country, who performed on an infiru. ment fome>hat refcmUing a german flute, biK the performer blew through his nofh-il inllMd of hie mouth, and others accompanied this inflrum^nt, finir* irig only one tune. Some of the Indians brought their axes to grind and repair, mofl of which theyfiad ob- Uincd from Captain Wallia and his people in the Do|. phin» but a French one occafioned a little/peculation, and at length upon enquiry, it appealed to have been left here by M.de Bougainville. On the »4th Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander made aa ^j exeurfion into the country, aiid found it level and firr. tile along the fhore, for about two miles to the caft- ward I alter which the hills reached quite to the wa- ter's edges and farther on they ran out into the fea. Having palTed thefe hills, which continued about three miles, we came to an cxfenfive plain, abdunding with good habitations, and the people fcemed to enjoy a confiderable Ihare of property. The place wu tender- ed ftill more agreeable by a wide river iffuing from a valley, and which warered it. We crolfed this river, when perceiving the country to be barren, we icfolved to return. Juffas we were about fb to do^ we were of:. fercd fome reftefhment bf a mei^ which fome writers have exprsfled to be « mixture of many natkms, but different fn n all, his fkin being of a dead ..white* though fome para of his body were not fe white aa others I and his hair, eyerbrows and beard were Jis white as his fkin. His ores appeared like thole that are blood-fiwt, and he feemed as if he was near- fighted. Upon our netiim. the excefRve joy of Tu- bourai Tanuide and his womfn is noc to be cx« preflcd. . Oi the a jt|. in the evening, feveral of the gentle. m«oaicnivesbdngmifIiin, Mr. Banks, who had loft his ameqg the reft, accufcd Tubourai Tamaide of hav. ing takto it, which as he was innocent, occafioncd him a great deal of unmerited anxiety. He made ftgns, while the tern ftattcd from his eyes, that if he had ever beenmiiity of fuch a theifras was imputed to him, he wouldTuficT his duoat Go be cut. But though he was innocent, it was plain, from many inftances, that the natives of this ifland were very much addiAed to thieving: though Mr. Banksi fervent had miflaid the knife mqueftkm, yet the reft were produced in a rag, I^OMOf thejsativea^ • Wlin thegupon the a^rh, which were fix fwiveb, ' had^im moOiiied on die fort, the Indians feemed to be idi|rcat troiAk jui|l feveral of the fiflierincn re- nnove^ttaringtifiMthftanding all the marks of friend- ftup tmt hadoeeH fhewnto them byiour people, they ftKHdidt.withina.finr.deyi. be fired.it from the fort', ya^ next day, being the 37th, Tiibourai Tamaide camejriththRe vpKn, andA^nd of his, who was a reinark|bleghittofi,>j|it9the fiMt.a> dine wfth us, and after; dinner r9i»iie4«». his own; hwife in the wood. Ihft fhoft titioifte^JtieeflieMdtto c^lain to Mr. JlanlHk of 4 biifdK% who M threatened!^ w cut hia wife's throat, beoMife ftie wtiukL hot barter a ftone hatchet for a nail. 1. appearing dcariy that the offen- der I ft- •eMMMNnWi^ tali m^ •s^. ■?l* ': ;'w„ 1A. "i^A' ^'' ••K^f Wy ■;#» ^0 f-'' '■'(*"-,'' «vi: '.t"ft'-r -^.i nHh^ ly der hmi infringed one of the ruin enjoined by the Cap- tain for trading with the natives, he wai Hoggrd on boanl in their fiKht. When the (iril ftroke had hern Kiven, they were humane enou^^h to interfere, and in- tteated earneOly that the culprit might be untied i but when thii favour irai denied them, they (hewed ftrong flgnj orconcern, and hurO into teari. On the aSth, Terapo, one of Tabourai Tamiidc'* female attendant*, came down to the fort in the grcnti-n afflidlion, the team gufbing from her eye*. Mr. Uanki feeing her full of lamentation and rnrrnw, inliHed upon knowing the caufe, but inftead of anfwrrini^, Hic flriK k herfclf Tcveral timet with a fliark's tooth upon hir head, till an cHulion of blood tbilowed, wnilc her diUieft was difregarded by fevcral other Indian*, who continued laughing and talking with the utinolt un- concern. Alter this, (he gathered up fonie pirc cs of cloth, which (he had thrown down to catch the blood, and threw them into the fea, at if (he wilhed to prevent the lea(\ trarc and mark of her abfitrd behaviour. She then bathed in the river, and with remarkable chearfulnefs returned to the tent, as if nothing cxirn- ordinary had happened. l'Urin|( the forenoon of thin day, the Indian canoes were contintully coming in, and people of both fexes filled the tents of the Ibrt. Mr. Molineux, inafler of the Endeavour, feeing a woman whofe name was Obcrra, he declared (he was the lame perfon, whom he jiidj^ed to be the queen of the idand, when he was there with Captain Wallis. The eyes of every one were now (ixcd on her, of whom fo much had been faid by the crew of the Dolphin, and in the account given of her by the captain. With regard to her perfon. (lie was tall, and rather large nvidc; (he was about forty year* of age, her (kin white, and her eyes had great cxprellion in them : (he had been handfome. but her beauty was now upon the decline. It was not long before an offer was made to conduct heron board tSc Ihip, which (lie accepted. Many prefents were Jtwde her, t^Tticularly a child's doll, which (he viewed veiy attentively, Captain Cook accompanied her on fhore, and when we landed, fhc prcfcnted him with a hog and fomc plantains, in return for his prefents, which were carried to the fort in proccdion, Olicrea and the Captain bringing up the rear. In the way they met Tootahah, who, though not king, fermcd to be at this time inveded with fovereign authority. Envy is found among thofc who arc fuppofed to be the children ot fimple nature. Her infliicnce was plainly vilible in a matter which to us was rather a fubjecl of laughter than of feriout conlideration. Tootahah no fooner faw the doll, than he difcovered (Irong fymptoms of jea- ItHify, nor could any method be found of conciliating his friendlhip, but that of complimenting him with a baby alfo. A doll was now preferable to a hatchet ; bu: a very (hort time taught the Indian* the fuperior valueofiron, which, on account of it« ufefulnefs, pre- vailed over every other confideration. To fuch of the men who came from time to time on board, the (hip's provifions feemed to be very acceptable, but the wo- >nen d:d not chufe to uHc themj and though they were courted to dine with our gentlemen, yet. for reafons knowtj only to thcmfclvei. they preferred the eating of plantains with the fervants. On the 29th, near noon, Mr. Banks paid a vifit to Oberea. but was informed that (he was afleep under the awning of her canoe; and, going to call her up. was furpnzed at finding her in bed with a young fellow of about twenty, five years of age, a difcovery which caufcd him to retire rather difconccrted; but he foon untlerftood that a commerce of this kind was by no means confidered as fcandalous, the ladies frequently courting the men to amorous dalliance, of which they made no fecrett and as to young Obadee, found in bed with the queen, he was wdl known by every one to be the objed of her lafcivious houre. The queen foon got. up, and drelfed herfelf to wait upon Mr. ™!\^ wdafter having, as'a tokeii'of her pTrticXr Sd tSL?" » ""u" "^^ °f 1"' '^'"'h, they ore. ^ecded together to the tents. In the evening ^nksvifitcdTubouraiTamaide. '• '^ cloth, they pro- the evening Mr. He was aAonifhed 'l-lvcs tr fi 1 at luUr ■ 'WO ind to find this c hu faiul hi* family in tears,, and not being tble todifcover the iauCe, he foon took leave of thein- Upon hit return the ofTicers toUl him, that Owluw had foretold, that the giint would be tii<>l with '1 four d.iyt. and at thit wai the eve of the Ihul dn they were alarmed at the (ituation they judg'd to be in. At we were apprchenlivr of ill i yi from this pre|H>(rc(Ilon, the ccntincU \\bably );et fume tidingi of uhat wu ftolen. In tncir way, they met with Tubourai Ta* tnaidc and Tome of the nativet. Thii chief wm made to undcrOand by flgnt, that they had loft the quadrant, •nd that at fome of hit countrymen muft have taken it, they infifted uiwn being Oicwn the place where it wai concealed. Having prn afterwards, when it was found that it had received no real injury, though it had been taken to pieces. When they returned in the evening, they were much furprifed to find Tootahah under confinement in the fort, while a crowd of the nativet furroundcd the gate, difcovcring marks of the greatcll anxiety for the fate of their chief. The occalion of his detention originated from the condud of the Indians : alarmed at Capt. Cook's having gone up the country with an armed party, moft ufthc natives left the fort that evening, and one of the canoes attempted to quit the bay. The lieutenant who commanded on board the fliip, having it in charge not to fuffer any canoe to depart, fcnt a boat to detain her, but (he no fooner approached than the Indiaits jumped into the fca. Tootahah being of the number, was taken up, and fent by the lieutenant to the officer that commanded at the fort, who conclud- ed he (hould do right to detain him prifotier, while the poor chief thought of nothing but being put to death, till Capt. Cook caufcd him to be roturncd, to the great joy of his countrymen. But the natives were ftiH in> cimed to bear this affair in their minds, and as a prtwf of it, they ncgledcd to fupply the market with provi. flons. Mr. Banks walking into the woods, heard great murmurings concerning the treatment of Toota- hah, who, as they faid, had been ill ufed and beaten, though Mr. Banks declared he was quite ignorant of his having received fuch treatment. . The chief now fent for fuch hogs to be rcftored as he had left behind him, at firft intending them as a prcfcnt, which by this time, perhaps, he tfid not think the Englilh had inerited ; but they refufed to fend them unlcfs he would come himfelf, thinking by an interview to promote a reconciliation; and this they were the more defirous of, as they were told it would be a fort- night before he would pay them a vifit. On the 3d provifiont were extremely fcarce, at the markets continued to be ill fupplied on the account already mentioned 1 and it was not without fome dif- ficulty, that Mr. Banks got a few bafkets of bread-fruit from Tubourai Tamaide. Tootahah on the 4th fent for an axe and a (hirt in return for the hogs, which vcrc accordingly promifcd to be brought him the next day. He lent again early in the morning of the |th, and Mr. Banks and the I>oQor fet out in the pin- nace, uking with them one of Tootahah't people and Coon reached t'parre, where he refidcd, which wai a few miles to the weft ward. When they arrived there, they found a great number of the natives wailing for them on the more, and were, conduced dircdlly to the chief, the people, notwithftanding the offence they had To lately taken, ftiouting out in their language, " Too- tahah is your friend,"*^ He was fitting under a tree, and fome old men were ftanding about him. Having made ligns for them to be featcd. hcalkod Uu tht axe, * which was then given him by L»\h. Ciwk, n« alio the Ihirt (hat he had ilemamicd, anda hniul-ciwh gsrmcni. which latter he put on, and was well pleafcd wtth the prefcnt. They ate a mouthful together in the b«iai, and were afirrwardt condu<:)ed to a Urge cuurt>ytrii on one fide of the chief's hotife, where they were 10 be entertained with wreftling after the manner of the country. He himfelf fat at the upper end of the area. having fcveral of his principal imn on each (ide of him, who appeared at judges of the fjwrt, which was a« follow: Ten or twelve combatants entered the area, and after many (iinple ceremonies of challenging, they engaged, and each endeavoured to throw his untagonift by mcreftrengih: thui they feiicd each other by the hand, or other parts of the body, grapling, without the leaft art, till one, by having a greater hold, or ftrongcr mufcular force, threw his antagonift on hia back. The conqueft wu applauded by the old men with a few words repeated in a kind of tune, and with three huzzas. After one engagement another fuc- ceedcdi but if the combatanit could not throw each other in the fpaceof a minute, they parted, cither bf confent, or the intervention of their friends. Several women of rank in the country uereprefent, but it wa^ thought they only attended thisamufcincnt in compli. menttothc Knglilh gentlemen. A man with a ftick, who made way for us when we landed, ofliciated «« mafter of the ceremonies, keeping order among tho people, and thofe of them wno prelTed forward h« ftruck with hia ftick very fmartly. During thelc athle. tic fporta. another party of men performed a dance, for thefpace of a minute, but neither of thefe parties took the leaft notice of each other, their attention being wholly fixed on their ow n endeavours to picafe and conquer. At the conclufion of this entertainment, not unlike the wreftling-matches of remote antiquity, we were told, that fome hoga, and a large quantity of bread-fruit were preparing for our dinner, very agree* able intelligence to tnofe whofe appetites were fliarpen* cd bv their journey) but our hoft, infteadof letting hia two hogs before us, ordered one of them to be carried into our boat. Here we thought to have enjoyed our good cheer, and yet we neither dined on (hore, nor in the boat, but at the defire of Tubourai Tamaide, pro» ceeded as far as the fhip : no fmall mortification this, ai we had to row tour miles, while our dinner was growing cold : however, we were at laft gratified with our promifcd repaft, of which our chief and hia friends had a liberal fliare. This friendly reconcilia- tion between them and us, operated on the nativca like a charm : for it was no fooner known that Tubou« rai Tamaide was on board, than proviiioni of all kinda were brought to the fort in great plenty. On the 8th, earlv in the nnorning, Mr. Molineux, the Mafter, and Mr. Green fet out in the pinnace t» the eaft ward, in order to procnic fome poultry, or hoas. They faw many of the latter, and one turtle, yet could not purchafe either, becaufe they belonged to Tootahah, and without hit perroiifion, the people could not be prevailed upon to Id) them. Hence « e concluded that Toouhah waa indeed • prince 1 and we •ficrwariU learnt, that, in this part of the iftanJ, hr ucted as regent for a minor, whom wc never faw all the time of our ftay here. However, fome time afterwards, having produced fome nails to barter for provifions, we ob- tained near twenty cocoa-nuts^ and fbmc bread-fruit, for one of the fmallcft fize, fo that we foon had plenty of thefe articles, though no hogs. In this cxcurfion Mr. Green imagined he had difcovered a tree fiity yards in circumference; but, on hit return, hewat in* formed by our two gentlemen, that it was a fpecies of the fig, whofe braachet bending down to the earth take frefh root, and thus form a mafaof trunks, whiwH being all united by a common vegetation, might eafiiy be miftaken for one trunk or body. On the oth in the forenoon. Oberea paid us a vifir, accompanied by her ikvouritc Obadcc. prcfcnting u«. with a hog and fome bread-fruit. Thii waa the firit vifit w« had rc(*flj,ycd from ihi»l«dy, fmsc the lofa of •ur autdrtnr, iml ihe confliwmem of Tootihah. Hv Ihii lime our (otm wm f« up ami it work, whuh mlhf&id • new (uWft flf •Anirttlort to the fndufts. Mid to Capt. Cw* M) iAIIflwal oppoftuniiv ol con- knitm oblttni«n» 0" them. *y p«mil«ing ihe fmith. In hii kifuM houn.io «n*trt iheoW 'rop. ^Wf" «hey w«fr flippoM to h«vf pracuivd frwn the IMphin. »n o dlfl^tTlMl* of lOoU. Obent pwduced ii murh okl ifon ttwouM have made Ibr her annther axct ihu fiie icqutAed to have donei Inwrcver the ladv could not he mtlAedtnthit partKular. Hpnn which Jl.c broug»u • broken axe. defiring it might be mended. The axe «aa mended, and to all appcaruKc (he wai content. On their return home, the Indiana took with them the canoe which had lain fame time at the point. On the loth we fiiwed, in ground properly preparrd, feedi of mtlona and other planti, but none of the«i came up except munant. Mr. Banki thought the fccda were fpoilcd by a total cxclunon of frclh air. they I having nil been iwt inio fmsll hottto, :iiiil fratcil 'i|t with rofin. We Itamt thit day, ihnt ih^ linliatii nlkd the irtiimJ Olahriie, the n.inie by whu h »c hjv»- dif- llnguiflmt l attempt* to proniHintc them, which pnivnl liinilcl''. they had-rerottrfe «t new nnt», the prMi hi» rhriftian niifne Robert i Mr. (W, Toarroi IH. Soun- der, TofsiKi > Mr. Banki, Tapnnc i Mr ( ;rpcn, luircc i Mr. Parkinfon, Patani ; Mr. Sjwrint', Polini! ami foon for the grcaic II part of the ftiip'i crew. 1 lufc |urh.ipt, were ficnlficaiit «iirili in their own linmiiLCi ami we are inclined to thii opinion, hccatife Mr. NfAnkhoiirc, who commanded the party that Hint the man lor Heal- ing a miifltet, thry named M.ittc, xihich wai notnierely an arbittary futinJ, but in tluir language it ligiiilied dead. C H A P. IV. /« exiraarJimny v't/if—Divinf fervUfalUndei by the nath'fi of Otaimlt—An uncmmim fight— fiitmrai tmjiJe/Miii fuilly of Ibfjl A vijit paid loTtotahah—Farious athe^titres at thai llitw, and •m f\l\.nrdimiry amu/emnil of ibt hdnmt '—A relalioHofwhat haf>penfdat iheftrl, while preparalhni tvne nuikiiw lo otfcrve ik' Tnmjit ofl'enm—'Tbe obfervaimt madtuilh rreal /uccefs—A pariiealar account and defcriplion nf an Indian fimnat — An uniifkol cbaratler anmf^ the Indians— A roUfty at tb* fhrt—Spfcimfn of Indian conkery — A narralivr of various incidents — A cncumntrvi^ation of .$bt ijland, and ocenrrfnccs'dunntlhis expedition— A burying- place, and a Moral, or place ofu-or/lii> difribed—An ;«. land expedilMH of Mr. Banks— Preparations made ty the trew of the Endeavour to te,Tve the ijlind of Utabeite — An aC' touHt of the departure of ibc Endeavour, and the btbavioiir of the natives, particularly of Tupia on this occajion. ON the I ath of this month (May) an uncommon ceremony waa performed by fomc of the natives. Aa Mr. Bankt wai fitting in hii boat, trading with ihcin at ufual. fome ladiei, who were ftranKeri, ad- vanced in procefllon towards him. The reil of the Indians on each fide gave way and formed a Une for the viritontopaft,whocomingupto Mr. Banks, pre- fcnted him with fome parrots feathers, and various kiiids of plants. Tupia, who Hood by Mr. Batiks, adled *s his mafler of tne ceremonies, and receiving the branches, which were brought at fix different times, hid them down in the bmt. After this fome large bundles of cloth were brought, confining of nine fMcn, which bcimr divided into three parcels, one of the women, called Oorattooa, who appeared to be the principal, ftepping upon one of them, pulled up her eloaihs as hign as her waift, and then, with an air of Mitafle^fted fimplicity, turned round three time*. This ceremony (he repeated, with fimilar circuinftances. on ihe other two tMreels of cloth i and the whole being fhen prefenieo to Mr. Banks, the ladies went and Alutea him i in return for which extraordinary favoun, he made them fuch prefcms a* he thought would beft «leafc them. In the evening the gentlemen of the ibrt were vifhed by Oberea, and Othcorea, her fa- tourite female attendant, who was a very agreeable girl, and whom we were the more pleafed to fee, be- eaufe it had been reported that (be tvas either fick or dicad. On the tjth Tubourai Tanuide effintded Mr. Banks by fnitching his gun out of his hand, and firing it in the air ; an a: ,'i :t I h "■ i V i' 'I tothetafk, and he withdrew himfclf, as ufual, when he had committed any oU'encc, At this time our long- boat was To ituich cnten with worms, that it was found ncceflary to give her a new bottom. On examining thepinnace, thinking flic mi<(h( be in the iiimc llatc, we h:id the futi.tt'achon to perceive, that not a worm had touched her. This diftcrcncc in the contrition of the two boats we attributed to tltc ditfcrcnt ingredients with which their bottoms were paid; the long-boat haci been paid with varnilh ot pine, and the pinnace painted with wiutelcad and oil; which laft coating we think to be the mol) eligible for the bottoms -of all boats intended for this part of world. ' On tile 2.|.th, Mr. Hicks was fi nt to T(X)tahah. who Uad renxwed from Fparrc to a place called Tettahah. 'I'hc chiet having fent fevcral times to rcquclt a vifit from the captain, promifing, at the fame time, tiiat he Mould acknowledge the favour by a prcfeiit of fome hoi>;i, the bufinefs of Mr. flicks was, to obtain, if jv)llible, the hogs, upon ealier terms tbaii the recjuircd vilit. He was rcceiveil in a friendly manner by Ttio- fahah, who, upon his arrival, producul one hog only, but proiiiiled three more that were at a dilbince the next iiiovning. Mr. Hicks waited patiently tilltlic ap- pointed time; but when the morning came, he was ohl'ged to depart with the lingle hog that had been prc- f>.'nted to him. On the ajth, Mr. Hanks feeing Tubourai Tamaidc and his wife Tomio at the tent for the firlt time lince the former had been deteckd in iicaling the nails, he endeavoured to {xrrl'u.ule Rim torertorc them, but in vain. As our gentlemen treated him with a relerve and lO'ilnefs which he could not but perceive, his Hay was lliort, and he dtpaitcd in a very abrupt manner; nor could <"ir furgcon the next morning perfuadc to etitcl a recohciiiari n by bringing down the nails. On the ;7ih, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solandcr, Captain Gook, aiul lomc tithcrs, fct out in the pinnace to vifir Tootahah, who had again removed to a place called Atah*iurou, fix milts from iiis laft abode ; and not be- ing able togo halfway thither in a boat, it was ahiion evening before we arrived. Wc found the chief, as ufual, iitting untier a tree with a great crowd about hiin. Having made our jircfeius in due form, con- lilHngofa yellow llu ft" petticoat, and other trifling ar- ticles, we weic invited to fuppcr, and to pal's the nigl.t there. Our party conlilUd of fix only; but the place was crowded with a greater number than the houfes and canoes could contain. Among other guefts were Oberca with her train of attendants. Mr. Banks having ac- cepted of a lodging in Oberea's canoe, left his compa- nions in order to retire to reft. Obcrea had the charge of hindoaths; but notwithllanding her care, they were OoLn, as were alfo his piftols, his powder horn, and tcvcr.il other things out of his wailtcoat pockets. An alarm was given to Tootahah, in the next canoe, who went with Oberca in ftarch of the thief, leaving Mr. Banks with only his breeches and wailkcat on, and his niulkct uncharged. They foon returned, but with- out fuccefs. Mr. Banks thought proper to put up with the lofs at prcfent, and retired a fccond time to rci\ ; juft as he had compofed himfelf to flcep, he was. rouzedbyfomc mulic, and obfcrvcd lights at a little diftancc from the Ihorc. He then rofe to go and find his companions. As foon as he approached the lights, he found the hut where Captain Cook and three others cf the gentlemen lay, when he began to relate his mif- adventure to them; they told him m return, that they had loft their llockings and jackets. In clfed Dr. So- landcr, who joined tncm the mxt morning, was the only otw that cfcaped being robbed, and he had flept at a houfcthat was a mile didant. This accident, how- ever, did not prevent Captain Cook, Mr. Banks, and the reft that were at the hut, from attending to the mulic which was a fort of concert called Heiva, and condlkd of drums, flutes, and feveral voices. ITiey retired again to their rcpofe, after this entertainment w,i.s over. I'heir cloaths, and the other things w hich had been flolen, were never heard of afterwards, but Mr. Banks got fome cloaths from Obcrea, in which he made a whimlical appearance. , On the 28th, wc fet out for the boat, having ob- tained only one hog which had been intended for our (up|>er the preceding night ; fo that, all things confu dcred, wc had little reafon to be fatisficd with our ex_ curlion. On our return to the boat, we had a fpecimcfl. ot the agility of the Indian fwimmers, fome of whom,, merely Jor diverfion, fwam in a furf where no Euro-, pean boat could have lived, and where our bcft fwim-i incrs muft have pcrillied, had thev accidentally fallen in with it. At thi.s time the preparations were made for viewing the tranfit of Venus, and two parties were fent out to make obfcrvations from dittcrent fpots, that in cafp. • <>« filling on one place, they might fuccced in another. They employed tfienftfclves for lomc time in preparing their inftruments, and inftruding thofe gentlemen whp, were to go out. in the ufe of them ; and on Thurf- day, the hrft of June, they fent the long-boat with Mr. (Jore, Mr. Monkhoufe (the two obfervcrs) and Mr. Sporing, the latter of whom was a friend of Mr. Hink.s, With proper inifruments to Emayo. Others wfre lent to find out a fpot that might anfwer the pur- pofe, at a convenient difiancc from their principal (la- tion. The party that went towards Emayo, after rowing the greater part of the night, having hailed a canoe, were informed of a place by the Indians on board, which was judged proper for their obfervatoiy, where they acconiingly fixed their tents. It was a rock that rofe out of the water about 140 yards from the flioie. Sauirday the 3d (the day of the tranfit) Mr. Banks, as f-jon as it was light, left th "fi, in order to go and getfrclli prov. lions on the illanc. This gentleman hai the fitiilaction to fee the fun rife witnQut a cloud.. The king, whole name was Tarrao, came to pay him 4 vilit, as he was trading with the natives, and brought with him Nuna his filler. As it was culfomary for the people in thefc parts to be fcatcd at their confer^ enccs, Mr. Banks fpread his turban of Indian cloth, which he wore as a hat, upon the ground, on whicl| they all fet dow n. Then a hog and a dog, fome cocoa- nuts, and bread-fiuit were brought, being the king'* prclent, and Mr. Banks fent for an adze, a fliirt, and fome beads, which were prcfcnted to his majefty, who received them with apparent fatisfaction. Tubourai Tamaide, and Tomio, who had gone with Mr. Banks, came from the obfervator) , when Tomio. who was faij to be related to Tarrao, save him a long nail, and left a (hirt as a prefent for Nuna. Afterwards the king, his fifter, and three beautiful young women their at- tendants, returned with Mr. Banks to the obfervatory, w here he Ihewcd them the tranfit of Venus, when that planet was upon the fun, and acquainted them, that tct view it in that fituation was the caufe of his under- taking a voyage to thofe remoter parts. According to this gentleman's account, the produce of this ifland is nearly the fame with that of Otaheite ; the peopl*; alfo rcfembled thofe of that ifland : he had fcen many ' of them upon it who were actiuaintcd with the nature of trading articles. The parties that were fent out t he came up to his own howfc. Tbey afterward^ went on, by pcrmifTion, towards the for*. It is ufual for th« reft of the Indians to flign theft proo(ili«ps as much at pofTible; the; accordingly ran into die woods in great na^c, as foi)n as this came in yiow^ From the fort the mourners proceeded alcng the fborcj crofl&d the river, then entered thewevd*,. palling Tcvoflil houCes, which became imniediiMejy uninhabjiiedi and during, the rcl! of thf pi;oi.eflion,'\ybi«h contioaed Stt half an hour, n(« an Indian was-yiiible. Mr. l^anks filled an office that tlicy Ciilled Niniv^h^r and tbcre were two others in ihc fame charader. When none of the other natives were to be feciH they apjirt)a<;htd the chief momncr, filing Imatatai then ijhofe who had, a(ti(t formed, that a mulical entertainment was expedcd in the evening, he, and the reft of the Englifh gentlemen, refulved to be prefent at the fame. They went accord ingly, and heard a performance on drums and flutes by a kind of itinerant inuficians The drummers fung to the mufic, and the Englifh were much futprized when they found, that they were the fubjed of their lays. The fongs they therefore concluded to be extemporary cffudons, the rewards whereof were fuch necefTarics ai they required. On the 1 4th, in the night, an iron coal rake for the oven was flole; and many other things having at differ- ent times been conveyed away. Captain Cook judged it of fome confequence, to put an end, if poffible, to fuch pradices, by making it their common intereft to prevent it. He had already given ftrid orders, that tlic ccntincia fliould not fire upon the Indians, even if they were deteded in the fad; but many repeated de.» predations determined him to make reprizals. About twcnty-feven of their double canoes with fails wer« jurt arrived, containing cargoes of fifli j thefe the Cap- uin fcized, and then gave notice, that unfefs the rake, and all the other things that had been ftolen, were re.» turned, the vcflels fliould be burnt. The menace pro- duced no other effed than the rcftitution of the lake, all ^hc other things remaining in their pofTeflion. The Captain, howcv«;r, thought fit 16 give up the car- goes, as the innocent natives were in great diftrefs for want of them, and in order to prevent the confuiion aridng from di (puces concerning the property of the diffitrent lots of goods which they had on board. Abpui this time another incident had nearly, notwith- (landing all our caution, embroiled us with the In- d«ns. , The Captain having fent a boat on fliorc to get ballaft, the officer not meeting immediately with what he wanted, began to pull down one of the fcpulchral manfions of the dead ; which (acriiegious ad of vio- lence was immediately oppofcd by the^cnragiid iflandet*j Intelligence of this difpwte being received by Mr. Banks, he went, to the place, aitj a reconciliation was foon cftected, which put an crtd to the difpute, by fending the botK's crew to the river-fide, where a tuU ficjcnt 4u«nti*y of ftones 'vere to be had without a pof- fibiiity of giving offence. ITlis wa» the only inftance iii^which they offifred to oppofe us; and, (except the af^T of i;hp t«rt,r:Which hfcj been relitcd) the only in- fuJt -offered Ut ;\n individual, *as. when Mr. Monk- houfc, the luigcon. took a flowxr from a trOc which grew in one of their fepwlchral inclofurcs. Upon thia occalion, an Indian ca.ne iuridenly bclsind him and if.(u^ )^m Mr. Monikhoufc loid hold of the afTailartt, but.twpof his couWr)iinen refcucdf him, and chcn they all /an off a* fi»rt m they could. Oni tlt« 19th. in Hhe ewening, white the canoes were ftjil detiiniid. Oberea ai)d fevcral of her. attendants paid us a vifit. She came from Tootah.nh's palace, in a,4)0Ublg oahoc, and broughtiwitli hot a hog, bread i - ,- fiuic, 114 I i h, ■!, ftuit, and other prefents, among which was a dogt but riot a fingle article of the things that had been floicn : thefc (lie laid had been taken away by her favourite Obadce, whom (he had bc'aten and aifmilTed. She feemed, however, confcious that her ftory did not dc- ferve credit, and appeared at firft much terrified; though fhc furmounted her fears with great fortitude, and wasdelirous of (Iceping with her attendants in Mr. Banks's tent; but this being refufcd, (he was obliged to pafs the night in her canoe. A whole tribe of In- dians would have flept in the bail tent, but were not i>ermittcd. The next morning Oberea returned, put- ting hcrfelf wholly in our power, when we accepted of her prefents, which (lie doubtlefs thought, and juflly ' too, the moft effcdual means to bring about a recon- ciliation. Two of her attendants were very alTiduous in getting themfelves hulbands, in which they Cue* Ciecued, by means of the furgeon and one of the lieute- 'nants: they feemed very agreeable till bed-time, and "determined to lie in Mr. Bjinks's tent, which they ac- rcdrdingly did, till the furgcon having (bme words with "one of tfiem, Mr. Banks thruft her out, and (he was ■f'plldwe^ by the reft, except Otea-Tea, who cried fome time, and ihe^n he turned ner out alfo. This had like jo have befoiite a fcrious atTair, a duel being talked of (K-twcen Mr. Banks '>nd Mr. Mbnkhoufe, out it was happily avsidcd. We had been informed, that in this flland dogs were el^cmcd tnore delicate food than pbrk, ai thofe bred by' the natives to be eaten, fed en- tirely upon vegetables. The cxperimcot was tried. Tu- bia undertook to kill and drefs the dos, which he did, Dy making i hole in the ground, and oaking it. We all agreed it was a very good diUi. On the lift, we were vifited by many of the natives, who brought with them various prcients. Among the h:ft was a chief, named. Oamo, whom we had not yet Fecn. He had a boy and a young woman with him. The former was carried oh a man's back, which we ie middle of it, whith they ha^ probably Wrncd from th^ French. v "^Oh the 23d, intiK motning, ^( 0f QurliM^Mdfl^ 4 ■ ....'.-.'-•(■-■ milling, we enquired tor hmi among the natives, ahd were tokl he was at Eparre, Tootahah 's relidence in tlie wood, and one of the Indians offered to fetch him buck, which he did that evening. On his return he informed us, that he had been taken from the fort, and rarried to the top of the bay by three men, who forced him into a canoe, after having ftrippcd him, and conduced him to fxnrre, where he received fome cioaths from Toe tahah, who endeavoured to prevail on him to continue there. We had reafon to conclude this account true ; for the natives were no fooner acquainted with his it- turn, than they left the fort with precipitation. On June the a6th, early in the morning, dipt. Cook fettingout in the pinnace with Mr. Banks, failed to the eaftward with a defign of circumnavigating the ifland. They went on (liorc m the foaenoon. in a dirtrid in the Svernment of Ahio, a young chief, who at the tents d frequently been their vifiunt. And here alfo they faw feveral oiher natives whom they knew. Afterwards they proceeded to the harbour where M. Bougainville's vcficl lay, when he came to Otaheite, and were (hewn the watering place, and the fpot where he pitched his tent. COTiing to a large bay, when the Englilh gentlemen mentioned their deiign of going to the other fide, their Indian guide, whofe name was Titubaola, faid he would not accompany them, and alfo endeavoured to diduadc the Captain andJiis people from going; obferving, ", That country was inhabited by people who were not fubje(fl to Tootahah, and who would deltroy them all." Notwithftanding, they refolved to put their de- (ign into execution, loading their pieces with ball ; and at la(t Titubaola ventured to go with them. ILaving rowed till it was dark, they reached a n.irrow idhmus which fevered the illand in two parts, and the(c formed diftindt governments. However, as they had not yet got into the hoftile part of the country, it was thought proper to go on (hore to fpend the night where Ocira- tova, the lady who had paid her compliments in fo ex- traordinary a manner at the fort, provided them with a fupper, and theyprocceded for the other government in the morning. They afterwards landed in the diftri(ft of a chief, called Maraitata, and his father was called Pahairede. The former of thefe names fignifies the burying place of nun, and the other the flofder tf hats. Thefe people gave the Captain a very good reception^ fold them a hog for a hatchet, and furni(hcd them with provifions. A crowd of the natives came round the uiglilh gentlemen, amongft whom however they met only two with whom they were acquainted ; but they faw feveral European commodities, yet they per.* ceived none that came out of the Endeavour. Here they faw two twelve pound (hot, one of which had the king's broad arrow upon it, yet the natives faid they had thciii from M. Bougainville. They afterwards advanced till they reached that diftrid which was under the govern- ment of Waheatua, who had a (on : it waa not known in whofe hands the fovereign power was depofited. There they found a fpacious plain with * river, which th«r were obliged to paft over in a canoe, though the Inaians that followed them fwam over without any dif- ficulty. They proceeded on their journey for a conli- derable way along the (Iiore, till at laft they were met by the chief, who had with him an agreeable woman, of aoout twenty-two yean of age, who was called Tou- didde. Her name was not unknown to the Engli(h, who had often heard of it ; and (he was fuppofed to bear the fame rank here as Oberet bore in the other part of the ifland. The parts through which they now [>aflcd. appealed to be better cultivated than anyolf the reft, ancl the burial places were more in number. They were neat, and ornannented with carvings; and in one a cock was fcen, which was painted with the various colours of the bird. Though the county was apparently fertile, very little bttad-ftuit was to be found here, a nut called Ahee, fumifhing the principal fubfiftcnce of the inha-- biunta. . . Beii^ iatigued with their journey, they went on^boanl thetr bap(t,ami ||uidcd in the evening on an ifl»fld which wu aaid JpfM»rei«!. |o ftek. fcr Kfieihmcnt.^ Mr. Banks, cook's first VOYAGE— for making Difcoverhs in the South Seat & Round the fVor/J. !'■ eption, chetn round they but per- they king's " thcin cd till met an, of Tou- Kliftt. bear rtof iflcd. ,and were cock iirsof rtilc, ailed inb*-' Banks going into the woods for this purpofe, when it was dark could difcover only one houfc, wherein he found fome of the nuts before mentioned, and a little kread-fruit. There was a good harbour in the fouthern part of this ifland, and the furrounding country ap- Mared to be extremely fruitful. Landing at about three miles diftance they found fome of the natives *hom they well knew, yet it was not without difticulty that they obtained a tew cocoa-nuts before they de- paned. When they came a little farther to the eaft- waid. they landed again, and here they were met by Mathiabo, the chief, with whom they were not at all acquainted. He fupplicd them with bread-fruit and cocoa-nuts, and they purchafed a hog of him for a^lafs bottle, which he chofe in preference to all the other articles prtfcntcd before him. A turkey-cock and a goofe were feen here, which were much admired by the lutivcs, and were fuppofed to have been left there by Capt. Wallis's people. They obferved in a houfc near the fame place feveral human jaw-bones, which fcemcd frelh, and had not loft any of the teeth, and were faf- tenedtoa board, of a femicircular figure; but they could not get any information of the caufc of thii ex- traordinary appearance. WhcH they left the place, the chief piloted them over the Ihoals. In the evening they opened the bay on the north-weft fide of the idand, which anfwered to that on the fouth-eaft in fuch a rrtanncr as to inter- fed it at the illhniiis. Several Canoes came off here, and fome beautiful women giving tokens that they ihould be glad to fee them on (liore, they readily ac- cepted the invitation They met with a very friendly reception from the chief whofe name was Wiverou, who gave diredlions to fome of his people to aflift them in dreifing their provifions, which were now very plen- tiful, and they fuppcd at Wiverou'j houfe in company with Mathiabo. Part of the houfe was allotted for them to llcep in, and foon after fupper they retired to reft. Mathiabo having borrowed a cloak of Mr. Banks, under the notion of ufing it as a coverlet when he lay down, made olF with it without being perceived either by that gentleman or his companions. However, news of the robbery being prcfently brought ""^em by one of the natives, they fet out in purfuit of iMathiabo, but had proceeded only a very little way before they were met by a peribn bringing back the cloak, which this chief had given up rather through fear than from any Erinciple of honcfty. On their return they found the oufe entirely dcferted; and, about four in the morn- ing, (he centinel gave the alarm that the boat was miiling. Capuin Cook and Mr. Banks were greatly aftonithed at this account, and ran to the water-fide; but though it was a clear ftar-light morning, no boat was to be feen. Their lituarion was now' extremely dif. agreeable. The party confifted of no more than four, having with them only one mufquet and two pocket piftols, without a fpare bell or a charge of powder. After having remained fome time In a ftate of anxiety, arifing from tbefccircumftances.of which they feared the Indians might take advantage, the boat whicli had been driven away by the tide, returned ; and Mr. Banks and his companions had no fooner break&fted than they departed. This place is fituated on the north fide of Tiarrabou, the fouth-eaft peninfuU of the ifland, about five miles eaft from the ifthmus. with a harbour equal to any in thofe parts. It was fertile and populous, and the inhabinnts every where behaved with ^reat civility. The laft diftridl in Tiarrabou, in which they land- ed, was governed by a chief named Omoe. He was then building a houfe, and waa very eameft to pur- ehafe a hatchet, but the gentlemen had not one left. He would not trade for nails, and they embarked, the chief, however, folknving them in his canoe With his wife. They were afterwards taken on board, but when they had failed about a league, defired to be put on ftiore. Their requeft was complied with, when the captain met with romeof Qihoii's people, who brought with them a very laige hog. The chirf agreed t6 ex- change the hogfor an ax* aiicfa nail, and tp bring the beafl to the fort. As thie hog was a very fine one, Mr. Banks accepted the offer. Ihfcy faw at this plate one of the Indian Eatuas, a fort of image, maJc of witker- work, which rcfemWed a man in figure; it was near feven feet in height, and waa covered with black and white feathers; on the head were four protuberances, called by the natives Tata ete, that is, little men. Having taken their leave of Omoe, the gentlemen fet out on their return. They wentonftioi? again, after they had rowed a few miles, but faw nothing, except a fepulchral building, which was ornamented in an ex- traordinary manner. The pavement, on which was eredled a pyramid, was very neat; at a finaU diftance there was a ftone image, very uncouthly carved, but which the natives feemed to hold in high eftimation. They paifed through the harbour which was the only one fit for ihipping, on the fouth of Oppurconou, fituate about five miles to the weftward of the ifthmus, be- tween two fmall iflands, not far from the (hore, and within a mile of each other. They were now near the diftridl called Paparra. which was that where Oamo and Oberea governed, and where the travellers intended to fpend the night. But when Mr. Banks and his com- pany landed, about an hour before it was dark, it ap- peared they were both fet out to pay them a viiit at the fort. However, they flcpt at Oberca's houfe, which was neat, though not large, and of which there was no inhabitant but herfiither, whofticwed them much ci- vility. Thcytook this opportunity of walking out upon a point upon which they had obferved at a diftance fome trees called Etoa, which ufually grow upon the burial places of thefe iflanders. They call thofc burying grounds Moral. And here Mr. Banks faw a vaft build- ing, which he found to be the Morai of Oamo and Oberea, which was the moft cenfidcrable piece of ar- chitedure in the illand. It confifted of an enormous pile of ftone work, raifed in the form of a pyramid, with a flight of ftepsoneach fide. It was near 270 feet long, about one third as wide, and-b^tween 40 and 50 feet high. The foundation confifted of rock ftoncs ;' the fteps were of coral, and the upper part was of round pebbles, all of the fame fliapc and lize. The rock and coral-ftones were fquared with the utmolt neatnefs and regularity, and the whole building ap- peared as compad and firm as if it had been ereded oy the beft workmen in Europe. What rendered this laft circumftance the more extraordinary was the confide- ration that when this pile was raifeo, the Indians taxitt have been toully deftitute of iron tools either to (tape their fh)nes or for any other necefTary purpofe, nor ha4 they mortar to cement them when made fit tbr ufe ; fp that a ftrufiure of fuch height and magnitude muft have been a work of infinite labour and fatigue. lA thecentre of the fummit was the reprefentatioh of a bird carved in wood ; clofe to this was the figure of a fifti in flene. The pyramid Conftituted part of one lidc of a court or fquare, the fides of whicn were riearlf equal ; and the whole was walled !n, and paved with flic ' ftones; notwithftandlng which pavement, feVcral plah^' tains, and trees which the natives call Etoa, grew within the inclofure. At a fmall diftanCe to thev^ftwardof this edifice was another paved fquare that contained fe« veral fmall ftages, called Ewattas by the natives' ; whicti appeared to be altars, whereon they placed the offerings to their gods. Mr. Banks alterwarcis obferved whole h«^ placed upon thefe ftages or altars. On Friday the 30th, they arrived atOtahorou, where they found tiieir old acquaintance Tootahah, who re- ceived them with great civility, and provided them a good fupper and crmvenlcnt lodging; and though they had been fo Ihamcfully plundered the lalt time the* flept with this chief, they fpent the night in the greateft fecurity, none of their cloaths nor any other article be- ing miffing the next nMrning. They returned to the fort at Port Roya?, Harbour on the firn of July, having^ difeovered the ifand, including both peninfulas, to be- about 1 00 mile* in circumference. After their return from this tour, they w^ie very much in want of bread-full^ none of whidlHli«^!liad bCGR i:i u I m 1 lis '^ 11 1 111 ^ 1.4 ' f I'i lit been able to provide thcmfclvcs with, as they had (cen but little in the courfc of their journey; but their In- dian friends conting round them, foon fupplied their yiua of provilions. On the 3d, Mr. Banks made an cxcurfion, in order to trace the river up the valley to its fourcc, and to re- mark how far the country was inhabited along the banks of it. He took fomc Indian guides with him, and after having feen houfes for about iix miles, they <(ame to one which was faiil to be tiie lad that could be met with. The maftcr prefented them with cocoa- nuts and other fruits, and they proceeded on their VMlk, after a (hort Day. They often palTed through vaults formed by rocky fragments in the courfc of their journey, in which, as they were told, benighted tra- vellers fometimcs took (belter. Purfuing the courfc of t^ river about fix miles farther, they found it banked on both lides by rocki almoft 100 feet in height, and nearly perpendicular; a way, however, might be traced up thcic precipices, along which their Indian guides would have conduded them, but they declined the of- fer, as there did not appear to be any thing at the fummit which could repay them for rhe toil and dan- gers of afcending it. Mr. Banks fought in vain for minerals among the rocks, which were naked almoD on all fides, but no mineral fubftanccs were found. The (tones every where exhibited figns of having been burnt, which wai the cafe of all the (tones that were (bund while they ftaid at Otaheitc, and both there and i|i the neighbouring iHands the traces of fire were evi- dent in the clay upon the hills. On the 4th, a great quantity of the feeds of water-melons, oranges, limes and other plants, brought from Rio de Janeiro, were planed on each fide of the fort, by Mr. Banks, who aUb plentifully fupplied the Indians with them, and filanted many of them in the woods. Some melons, the feeds of which had been fown on the firft arrival of the Englifli at the idand, grew up and flourilhed before they left it. By this time they began to think of making prepa- rations to depart ; but Oamo, Oberea, and their fon and daughter vifited them before they were ready to fail. As to the young woman (whofe name was Toimata) (lie was curious to fee the fort, but Oamo would not permit her to enter. The fon of Waheatua, chief of the fouth-ealt pcninfula, was alfo here at the fame time; and they were favoured with the company of the Indian ^vho had been To dextrous as to (leal the quadnuit, as attove related. The carpenters being ordered to take down the gates and palliladoes of the fort, to be con- verted into fire-wood (br the Endeavour, one of the na- t[ve& ftole the (taple and hook of the gate ; he was pur- fued in vain, but the property was afterwards reco- vered, and rcturncJ to the owner* by Tubourai Ta- ivaide, , Before their departurr, t)vo circumftanccs happened wjtiich gave Cape Cook (omc ^ncaflQtfs. The lir(t >ws, that two foreign faiiors having been aboard, one (i^them was robbed of his knife, which as he was en- deavouring to recover, he was dangerouHy hurt with a (lone by the natives, and his companion alfo received a night wound in the head. The offenders efcaped, aj\6 the <;apuin was not anxious to have them uken, a|i he did not want to faave any difputes with the In- , Iktw^^n the 8th and 9th, two young marines one night withdrew themfelves from the (brt, and in the iijorning were not to be met with. Notice having been given the next day that the (hip would fail that or the rnfuing day ; as they did not return, Capt. Cook began tok be aDprchcnfivc that they dc(igned to remain cr f^rc; but as he was apprifed in fuch a. cafe no cftedlual means could be taken to recover them witlvHit running a rifque of dcltroying the harmony fubfiQing between the Englilh and the natives, be refolved to wait n^y, in hopes of their returning of their own accord. B^it as they were dill mi(ring on the tenth in the morn- ing, an inquiry was made after them, when the Indiana iWclared, that they did not propofc to return, having c)Kcn refuge among the n>Qunt4iiM, whue.it WM Un- 2 fwHiblc for them to be difcovtrcd; and added, tliit each of them had taken a wife. In confcquentc •( this, it was intimated tofcveral of the chiefs, that were in the fort with the women, among whom were 14- bourai I'amaitlc, 1 omio, and Oberfa, that they wouU not be fuHl-red to quit it till the dclcrters were pro. duced. They did not (licw any (Igns of fe;u- or difcon. tent, but allured the captain that the marines fliouU he fent back. In the mean time Mr. Hicks waj dif- patchfd in the pinnace to bring Tootahah on board the fliip, and he executed his comniimon without giving any alarm. Night coming on, Capt. Cuok thought it not prudent to Ivt the people, whom he had detained as hortages, remain at the fort; he therefore gave orders to remove them on board, which grearlv alarmed them all, efpccially the females, who tertified the mo(t gloomy apprehenfions by Hooils of tearsi Capt. Cook efcorted Oberea and others to the (hip; but Mr. Hanks remained on (horc with fome Indians, whom he thought it of lefs importance to detain. In the evening one of the marines was brought back by (bme of the natives, who reported, that the other and two of our men who went to recover them, would be detained while Tootabah was confined. Upon this Mr. Hicks was immediately fent off in the long boat, with a (trong body of men to rcfcue the prifoners; at the fame time the captain told Tootahah, that it was incumbent on him to alTift them with fomc of hir neo. nle. and to give orders in his name, that the men (hould be fet at liberty ; for that he would be expected to anfwer for the event. Tootahah immediately com- plied, and this party releafed the men without any op. pofition. On the 1 1 th, alwut fcven in the morning, thev re- turned, but without the arms that had been taken 'from them when they were made prifoners; thcfe, however, being rcftored foon after, the chiefs on board were al- lowed to return, and thofe who had been detained on (liorc were alfo fet at liberty. On examining the de. ferters it appeared, that the Indians had told the truth, they having chofcn two girls, with whom they would have remained in the illand. At thia time the power of Oberea was not Co great as it was when the Dolphin firft difcovcred the ifland. Tupia, whofe name has been often mentioned in this voyage, had been her prime minifter. He was alfo the chief pried, confe- quently, well acquainted with the religion of the coun. try. He had a knowledge of navigation, and was tho. roughly acquainted with the nt-mber, fituation, and inhabitants of the adjacent ifiands. This chief had •ften cxprelTed a defire to go with us when we conti. nued our voyage. On the 1 2th in the morning he came on board, with a boy about twelve years of age, his fervant, named Taiyota, and rcquefled the gentlemen on board, to let him go with him. As- we thought he would be ufefut to us in many particulars, we unanimoufly agcccd to comply with his requed. Tupia then went on iliore for the lad time to bid farewell to his friends, to whom he gave feveral baubles as parting tokens of remem- brance. Mr. Banks, after dinner, being willing to obtain a ({rawing of th9 Moiili, which Tootahah had in his poU'efTion at Eparre, Capt. Cook accompanied hicn thither in the pinnace, together with Dr. Solandcr. They immediately upon landing repaired to Tootahah's houle, where they were met oy Oberea and feverai others. A general good un^^erdanding prevailed; Tupia came back with them, atw' they promilcd to vifit the gentlemen early the next day, as they were told the Clip would then fail. On the 13th thcfe friendly people came very early on board, and the fliip was lurrounded with a viift number of canoes, filled with IndiaiM of the lower fort. Between eleven and twelve we weighed anchor; and notwithdanding all the little mifunderdandings be- tween the Engli(h and the natives, ihe latter, who poirclfod a great fund of good nature and much fen- (ibility, tow their leave, weeping in an afii»ftionate manner. As to Tupia. he fupportcd himfelf through this !» > ;:^ii| Hi I 'J**"!' ii in I IpCi E ,* i PI ''*vMiibi «Nli s J- k ~ ^ i..»„n,ina fnrtitude. ^fcirsflowcd II with Mr. B inks to the maft- head, and waving his hand this f«ncw.th a becoming fort^^^^^^^ took a laft farewell of his country. Thus we departed J^^nTeauSm d^htrali a^^^^^^^^ Hr -vent l| from Otaheitc, after a ftay of jud three monthS. CHAP. V/ . ,.« • I J J A,;*»;.i* arraunt of Otahtite^Of the ijland and its produHions — Of the inhabitant i — their drefi-— monies— and government. TfcOHT Roval bay, in the ifland of Otaheitc. as P fSllcd by captin Wallis. we found to be w.thm fialf a dejrree of its real Ctuation ; and point Venus, the northcS^eitremity of this iOand. anJl the eattern pa.t of the bay. lies in 149 dcg. 30 """• Ipnguude. A Jcef of coral rock furround, the iQand, forming fe- veral excellent bays, among which, and equal to the Sft of them, is I'ort Royal. This bay, called by the Natives Matavai. may eafily be d>fcovered by a rcrna k- able high mounta n in the center of the ifland, bearing Sue fouth from point Venus. To fail into it, either Sep the weft point of the reef that lies before Point Venus, clofe on board, or give it a birth of near halt a mile, in order to avoid a fmall Ihoal of coral rocks, whereon there is but two fathom and an halt ot wa- ter. 1 he moft proper ground for anchoring is on the eaftern fide of the bay. The (hore is a fine fandy beach, behind which runs a river of frefli water, very conve- nient for a fleet of (hips. The only wood for firing upon the whole ifland is that of fruit trees, whicli mult be purchafed of the natives, or it is impofliblc to live on friendly terms with them. The face ot the coun- try is very uneven. It rifes in ridgesthat run up into the middle of the ifland, where they form mauntams which may be fecn at the diftance of fixty miles. Be- tween thefe ridges and the fea is a border of low land of diflcrent breadths in different parts, but not exceed- ing any where a mile and -^If. The foil being wa- tered by a number of exct .t rivulets, is extremely fertUc, and covered with various kinds of fruit trees, which form almoft one continued wood. Even the tops of the ridges are not without their produce in feme parts. The only parts of the ifland that are in- habited, are the low lands, lying between the foot of the ridges and the fea. The houfes do not form vil- lages, but are ranged along the whole border, at about fifty yards diftant from each other. Before them are little groups of the plantain trees, which furnifli them with cloth. According to Tupia's account, this ifl-nd could furnifli above fix thoufand fighting men. The produce is bread-fruit, cocoa nuts, bananas, fweet po- tatoes, yams, jambu, a delicious fruit, fugar-cane, the paper mulberry, feveral forts of figs, with many other plants and trees, all which the earth produces fponta- neoufly, or with little culture. But here are no Eu- ropean fruit, garden-ftuff, pulfe, nor grain of any kind. The tame animals are hogs, dogs, and poultiy; tfie wild ducks, pigeons, parroquets, andafewother birds. The only quadrpueds are rats, and not a ferpent is to be found. In the fea is a great variety of excellent fifli, which conflitutes their chief luxury, and to catch it their chief employment. The people in general are of a larger make than the Euiopeans. The males are mofHy taU, robuft, and finely fliapcd; the women of the higher clafs above the fize of our Englifli ladies, but thofe of inferior rank are below our Itandard, and fome of them very ihort. Their natural complexion is a fine clear olive, or what wc call a brunette, their fluxn delicately fmooth and agreeably foft. Their faces in general arc hand- fome, and their eyes full of fcnhbiiicy. Their teeth are remarkably white and regular, their hair for the molt part black, and their breath is entirely free from any difagreeable fmell. The men, unlike the original inhabitants of America, have long beards, which'they wear in various ftiapes. Circumcifion is generally prac- tiled among them from a motive of cleanlineis, and they have a term of reproach with which they upbraid thofe who do not adopt this cuflom. Both fcxes al- ways eradicate the hair from their arm-pits, and they reproached our gentlemen with want of cleanlincfs: their motions are eafy and graceful, and their behavi- our, when unprovoked, affable and courteous. Con- trary to thecuflom of moft other nations, the women of this country cut their hair fliort, whereas the men wear it long, fomctimes hanging loofc upon their flioutders, at other times tied in a knot on the crown of the head in which they jtick the feathers of biids of various colours. A piece of cloth of the manu- fafturi. v)f the country, is frequently tied round thehcad of both fexes in the manner of a turban, and the wo- men plait very curioufly human hair into long ftrings, which being folded into branches, are tied on their foreheads by way of ornament. They have a cuftom prad^ifed in many hot countries, of anointing their hair with cocoa-nut oil, the fmell of which is not very agreeable. Having, among their various inventions no forts of combs, they were infcfted with vermin, which they quickly got rid of when furniflied with thofe convenient inftruments. They ftain their bodies by indenting or pricking the flefli with a fmall inftrument made of bone, cut into fhort teeth, which indentures they fill with a dark blue or blackifli mixture, prepared from the fmoke of an oily nut (burnt by them inllead of candles) and water. This operation, called by the natives Tattao\ving,iscx- ceedingly painfui, and leaves an indelible mark on the flcin. It is ufualiy performed when they arc about ten or twelve years of age, and on different parts ot the body ; but thofe which fuffer moft feverely are the breech and the loins, which are marked with arches, carried one above another a confiderable way up the back. Mr. Banks was prefent at an operation of tat- taowing, performed upon the pofteriors of a girl about twelve years old. It was executed with an inftrument that had twenty teeth, and at each ftroke, which was re- peated every moment, ferum mixed with blood iffued. She bore the pain with great refolution for feveral mi- nutes; but at length it became fo intolerable, that flic murmured and burft into moft violent lamentations j but her operator was inexorable, whilft fome females prefent both chid and beat her. Mr. Banks was a fpedtator for near an hour, during which time one fide only was tattaowed, the other having undergone the • We here bee leave to remark to our very numerous Subscribers, that this much admired ^oriis noxorAy far preferable to any other publication of the kind whatever, on account of its Elegance, large Size, Cheapneft, Authtnticity, and its including all CaplCitk's Voyaget Complete, written in an admirably plcafing and elegant ftyle, but alfo becaufe tviTy Jingle Sheet oi eur Ltiter-prtfs comprehends at Icaft as much Matter as is given in three Sheets belonging to fome athtr IVerks of the kind, which, to catch the Penny, hy Jpinning tut ihtjubjelt to an unneceJJ'ary length, is offered to the public at an extravagant Price. The common reduced Magazine Size, in vthich Jingle l^oyages of Capl. Cotk have been attempted to be publiflied, we nnd is alfo univerfally objcfied to by the pub- lic: fo that by the publication of this large Folio Edition of all Capl. COOK's VOYAGES, &c. Complete, the public at largo will be agreeably accommodated, not only by being poflelTed at an eafy Rale of fuch a vafl Quantity of Matter included by our close Method 0/ Printing, hut likewife byacouiring at the fame Time all the splendid large Folio COPriR-PLATBS (not on a reduced Scale, but) in the ORIGINAL SI^E, and in Numbers at only Sixpenck each. , No. 3 . G ceremony f fl m H' 1 I ■ ■A i .f '' I I I i I i I ■( , I I :;f !l 'I :i I (?• loins, which arc the moft painful, but which they mod value, were yet to be made. They cloath thcmfclves in cloth and matting of va- rious i(inds: the firil they wear in fine, the latter in vtet weather. Thcfc are in diflercnt forms, no (hapc beinpr prci'erved in the pieces, nor are they fewcd to- gether. The wonirn of a fuperior clafs wear three or four pieces. One, which is of confiderable length, they wrap leveral times round their waill, and it fills down to the middle of the leg. Two or three other ihort pieces, with a hole cut in the middle of each, are placed on one another, and their heads coming through ti'C holes, the long ends hang before and behind, both fides being open, by which means they have the free lift of then- arms. The mensdrefs is very Hmilar, differing only in this iullance, that one part of the garment inftead of falling below the knees is brought between the legs. This drefs is worn by all ranks of people, the only diftin^ion being quantity in the fuperior clafs. At noon both fexes appear almoft naked, wearing only a piece of cloth that is tied round the waid. Their faces arc fhadedfrom the fun with fmall bonnets, madeof cocoa- nut leaves or matting, which are conilrucled in a few minutes. The men fumetimcs wear a fort of wig of human or dog's hair, or of cocoa-nut flrings, woven on a fingle thread, faftened under the hair, and hanging down behind. Both men and women wore ear- rings on one fide, confining of (helk, ilones, berries, or Iniall pearls; but they foon gave the preference to the beads brought by the Endeavour's company. The boys and girls go quite naked ; the firft till they are feven or eight years old ; the latter till they are about five. The natives of Otaheite feldom ufe their houfes but to fleep in, or to avoid the rain, as they cat in the open air, under the ihade of a tree. In thole there are no divifions or apartments. Their cloaths fcrve them for covering in the night. The mafier and his wife repofe in the middle; then the married people; next the un- married females; then the unmarried men; and in fair weather the fcrvants fleep in ihc open air. The houles of the chiefs, however, difier in fome particulars. There arc thofc that are vei y finull, and fo conllruAed as to be carried in canoes : all fides of them are inclofed with the leaves of the cocoa-nut; the air.neverthelefs penetrates. In thefe the chief and his wife only fleep. \Ve likewife faw houfes that are general receptacles for the inhabitants of a difirid, many of them being more than 200 feet in length, 40 in breadth, and 70 or 80 feet high. They are confirucled at the common ex- pence, and have an area on one fide, furrounded with lov/ palifadocs ; but like the others without walls. Their cookery confifis chiefly in baking, the manner of doing which has been before noticed. When a chief kills a hog, which is but feldom, he divides it equally among his vaflals. Dogs and fowls are more common food. When the bread-truit is not in feafon, cocoa- nuts, bananas, plantains, &c. are fubfiituted in its flead. They bake their bread-fruit in a manner which renders it fomewhat like a mealy potatoe. Of this three dilhes are made, by beating them up with bananas, plantains, or four paflc, which is called by them Mahie. Sour pafle is made by taking breadfruit not thoroughly ripe, and laying it in heaps covered with leaves, oy which means it fei nients. The core is then taken out, and the fruit put into a hole lined with grals : it is then again covered with leaves, upon which large ftones are placed; this produces a fecond fermentation; afterwhichit grows four, withoutanyotherchangefor ai-long time. They take it from this hole as they nave occafion for it, and make it into balls. It is then rolled up in plantain leaves and baked. As it will keep for fome weeks, they eat it both hot and cold. Such is the food of this people, their fauce to which is only fait water. As to their diink it is generally confined to water, or the milk of the cocoa-nut, thoujgh fome of them would drink To freely of our Englifh liquors as to becomcquiteintoxicated,l'uchinlhnces,however,were occafioned more by ignorance than defign, as they were ncvcrknowntoprac'liceadebiuchofthiskindalecou time. We were told, it is true, that their chicis lomc- times became inebriated by drinking the juice ut 4 plant called Ava, but of this we faw not a fingle in- Itance during the time wc remained on the iUand. The chief eats gencrully alone, unlcCs when vilif.U by a ilrangcr, who is permitted (bmctinics to be his mefs-mate. Not having known the ufe of a tabic, they fit on the ground, and leava of trees Ipread bcloiu them ferve as a table-cloth. Their attendants, who arc numerous, having placed a baflict by the chiefs, con- taining their provilions, anJ cocoa-nut flulls of frcfh and lalt water, fet themlclvcs down around them. They then begin their meals with tl>e ceremony of wafliing their mouths and hands ; after which they eat a handful of bread-fruit and filh, dipt in lalt water alternately, till the whole is confumed, taking a lip of fait water between almoft every morfel. The bread- fruit and filh is fucceeded by a litcond courfe, confining of either plantains or apples, which they never eat without being pared. During this time a loft fluid of pallc is prepuicd from the bread-fruit, which they drink out of cocoa-nut (hells : this concludes the meal ; and their hands and mouths are again walhed as at the beginning. Thefe people eat an afionilhing quantity of food at a meal. Mr. Banks and others law one of them devour three fifti of the iize of a fmall carp, four bread-fruits, as large as a cttmmon melon, thirteen or fourteen plantains feven inches long, and above half as big round ; to all which was added a quart of the pafie by way of drink, to digefl the whole. The inhabitants of this lUand, though apparently fond of the plcalures of fociety, have yet an averfion to holding any iniercourfe with each other at their meals ; and they are fo rigid in the obfervation of this cullom, that even brothers and fillers have their feparate baflcels of provifions, and generally fit at the diftance of fome yards when they eat, with their backs to each othtr, and not exchanging a word during the whole time of their repall. The middle aged of fu- perior rank go ufually to fleep after dinner ; but, which is fomewhat remarkable, older people are nut fo in- dolent. Mufic, dancing, wreflling, and fliooting with the bow, conflitute the greateil part of their divcrfions. Flutes and drums are the only mufical inftrumenta among them. Their drums are formed of a circular piece of wood, hollow at one end only. Thefe are co- vered with the flun of a fhark, and beaten with the hand inflead of a flick. Their fongs are extempore, and frequently in rhime, but they confift only of two lines ; thefe couplets arc often lung by way of evening amufements, between fun-fet and bed-time ; during which interval they burn candles made of an oily nut, fixing them one above another upon a fmall flick that is run through thv<; middle : fomeof thefe candles will burn a long time, and afford a pretty good light. Among other amufements, they have a dance csuled llmorodee, which is generally performed by ten or a dozen young females, who put themfelves into th« mofl wanton attitudes, keeping time during the per- formance with the greateft nicety and exaelnefi. ut women arc excluded from thefe dances. One of the worfl cufloms of the people of Otaheite, is that which feveral of the principal people of the ifland have adopted of uniting in an affociation, wherein no woraan confines herfei? to any particular man, faw which means thev obtain a perpetual fociety. Thel» focieties are called Arreoy. The members have meet- ings where the men amufe themfelves with wreftling,. and the women dance the Timorodec in fuch a man- ner as is mofl likely to excite the defires of the other fex, and which were frequently gratified in the affem- bly. A much worfe praAice is the confequence of this. If any of the women prove with child, thejn- fant is deftroyed, unlefs the mother's natural affe^ion ihould prevail with her to preferve its life, which, however, is forfeited unlefs (he can procure a man to adopt it. And where Ihe fucceeds in this, flie is expelled from the fociety, being called Whan- oowoow. Vf'fxrrn f* vini^rounu tlic IVorld. 27 rcning during |ly not, :k that lies will lieht. cJled or a ito th« ticpcr- klnefs. i: nownow, which figflifien bwrer of children, by way Pcrfoaal cIcaDlinef* m much efteemed among there Jndiani. Both fexea are particular in walhing three times aday.vii. when they rire jn the mortilng.at noon, and before they go to reft. They are al (o very cleanly in their cloaths, fo that no dilagr*. ble effluvia are found to arife in the largeft communities. ' Cloth if the chief nunufa^ure of Otaheite, and of this there are three (brts, all which arc made out of the bark of different trees, namely themulberry, the breads fruit, and a tree which bears fome rcfemblancc to the 'Weft-Indian wild fig-tree. The firft of thefc produces "the fineft cloth, which is feldom worn but by thofe of the firft rank. 'I'he next fort is made of the bread- fruit tree, and the laft of that which refcmblcs the wild fig-tree. But this laft fort, though the coarfeft, is Tcarcer than the other two, which are manufaaured only in fmall quantities, as the fame manner is ufcd in manufaAuriBg all thele cloths. The following defcrip- tion will fuffice for the reader's information. ' The bark of ti»e tree being ftripped off, is foakcd in Water for two or three days ; they then take it out, and feparate the inner bark from the external coat, by ibrapiog it with a (hell, after which it is fpread out on phatain leaves, placing two or three layers over one another, care being taken to make it ot an equal thicknefs in every part. In this ftate it continues till it is almoft dry, when it adheres fo firmly that it may be taken from the ground without breaking. After this procefs, it is laid on a i'mooth board, and beaten with an inftrument made for the purpofe, of the com- pact heavy wood called Etoa. The inftrument is about fourteen inches long, and about fcven in cir- cumference ; is of a quadrangular fliape, and each of the four fides is marked with longitudinal grooves or fnrrows, differing in this inftance.that there is aregular gradation in the width and depth of the grooves on each of the fides ; the coarfer fide not contaming more than ten of thcfe furrows, while the fineft is furniflied with above fifty. It is with that fide of the nullet where the grooves are deepeft and widcft that they be- gin to beat their cloth, and proceeding regularly, finilh yith that which has the greateft number. By this beat- ing, il>e cloth is extended in a manner fimilar to the cdd that is formed into leaves by the hammer ; and it IS alio marked with fmall channels rcfembling thofe which are vifible on paper, but rather deeper ; it is in general beat very thin ; when they want it thicker than qommon, they take two or three pieces and pafte them together with a kind of glue prepared from a root called Pea. This cloth becomes exceedingly white by bleach- ing, and is dyed of a red, yellow, brown, or black co- Ibur } the firft is exceeding beautiful, and equal, if not fuperior to any in Europe. They make the red colour from amixture of the juices of two vegetables, neither of which, ufed feparately has this efiedl : matting of various kinds is another confiderable manufarflure in which they excel, in many refpcfls, the Europeans. They make ufe of the coarfer fort to flecp on, and in wet weather they wear the finer. They excel in the bafltet and wicker-work ; both men and women em- ploy themfelvcs at> it, and can make a great number of different patterns. They make ropes and lines of all fizes of the bark of the Poerou, and their nets for filhing are made of thefe lines } the fibres of the cocoa- nut tney make thread of, fuch aa they ufe to faften to- gether the feveral parts of their canoes; the forms of which are various, according to the ufo to wjiich they are applied. Their fifliing lines are efteemed the belt in the MNorld, made of the bark of the Erowa, a kind of nettle which grows on the mountains ; they are ftrong enough to hold the hcavieft and moft vigorous fifli, fiich as bonettas and albicores ; in fliort, tliey are ex- tremely. injEenioiu in 'every expedient for taking all Tlie tools which tKefe people make ufe of tor build- ing houfes, conftruAiag canoes, hewing ftones, and for felliiw, cleaving, carving, and polifhing timber, con- iifls of nothing ^)ore than an adze of ftone, aad a chif- fcl of bone, moft commonly that of a man's arm ; anil for a flic or poliflier, they make ufe of a rafp of coral and coral fand. The blides of their adzes arc ex- tremely tou)>h, but notjjrcry hard; they make them of various fi/.ca, thofe for felling wood weigh fix or fevcii pounds, and others which arc ufcd for carving, only a few ounces : they arc obliged every minute to fharpcii them on a Hone, which in always kept near them for that purpofe. The moft difficult talk they meet with irt the ufe of thcfc tools, is the felling of a tree, which cm- ploys a great number of hands for fcvcral days together. The tree which is in general ufe is called Aoie, the ftcni of which is ftraight and tall. Some of their fmatler boats are made of the bread-fruit tree, which is wrought without much difficulty, being of a light fponpy nature. Inilcad ot planes they ufe their adzes with great dexterity. Their canoes arc all fliaped with the hand, the Indians not being acquainted with the method of warping a plank, Of thcfe tiiey have two kinds, one they call Ivahahs, the other I'aliics ; the former is ufed for ftiort voyages at fea, and the latter for long ones. Thcfe boats do not differ either in lliape or fize, but they are in no degree proportionate, being from fixty fo leventy feet in length, and not more than the thirtieth part in breadth. Some are employed in going from one ifland to another, and others ufed for hihing. There is alfo the Ivahah, which ferves for war ; theic arc by far the longeft, and the head and ftcrn arc confiderably above the botly. Thefc Ivahahs are fattened together, fide by fide, when they go to fea, at the diftance of a few feet, by ftrong wooden poles, which arc laid acrofs them and joined to each iidc. A ftage or platfoim is raifcd on the fore part, about ten or twelve feet long, upon which ftand the fighting men, whofe miflile weapons arc flings and fpears. Beneath thefe ftagcs the rowers fit, who fupply the place of thofe who are wounded. The fifliing Ivahahs are from thirty or forty to .ten feet in length, and thofe for travelling have a fmall houfe fixed on board, which is fattened upon the fore-part, for the better accommodation of perfons of rank, wlio occupy them both day and night. The Pahies differ alfo in fize, being from fixty to feventy feet long, they are alfo very narrow, and are fomctimcs ufed for fighting, but chiefly for long voyages. In go- ing from one iUand to another, they are out fometiines a month, and often at fea a fortnight or twenty days, and if they had convenience to ftow more provifions, they could ftay out much longer. Thefe veflels are very ufeful in landing, and putting off from the (horc in a furf, for by their great length snd high ftcrn they landed dry, when the Endeavour's boats could fcarcely land at all. They are very curious in the conftru(5lion of theft boats, the chief parts or pieces whereof are formed fe- parately without either faw, plane, chiffel, or any other iron tool, which renders their fabrication morefurprif- ing and worthy obfcrvation. Thefe parts being pre- pared, the keel is fixed upon blocks, and the planks arcfupported with props, till they are fewed or joined together with ftrong plaited thongs, which are paffed feveral times through holes bored with a chifltl of bone fuch as they commonly make ufe of, and when finifhed, they are fufliciently tight without caulking. They keep thefe boats with great care in a kind of £hed, built on purpofe to contain them. Mr Banks and Dr. Solander were at a lofs to find out theirmethodof dividing time, they always madenfe' of the term Malama, which fignifies the moon ; when* ever they fpoke of time, either paft or to come, they reckon thirteen of thefe moons, begintiing again when they are expired. This proves that they have fome idea of the folar year; but thefe gentlemen cpukl not dif- -over how they computed their months, to make thir- teen equal to the year, as lh«y faid thefc months confift- ed of twenty-nine days, one day in which the moon was iuvifible being included. They, however, knew the prevailing weather that was to be expeAed, as well as the fruits which would be in feafon. As to the day, they divide it into twelve equal parts, fix of which be- long il St Si t j, i 1^' I -f f f • '' )|;i : m long to the day, anil the other fix to the night. Wlicn they numcrato, they reckon from one to ten, making uli- of their lingers, and changing hands, till they come to the mimbiT which they intended to expreft j and joining cxprcffive lign« to their words, in tile courfe ot their converfation. Uiil they arc not fo expert in njcjfiirin^', diitances, for when they attempt defcribtng the fpace between one place and another, they arc obiiRi-d t(3 exprels it by the time that would be taken in pp.fling it. With regard to their language, it is foft, as it a- bounds v\ ith voweU, and caly to be pronounced ; but very few of their nouns or verbs being declinable, it mull ccnfequcntly be rsther impcrfecl. However, >vc found means to be nuitually undcrilood without much difllcultv. The following fpccimcn will poflibly enable the rcider to form Ibmc notion of the lancuaire of thofc iflandcrs. ** Ahcinc, a woman Aihoo, a (larment Ainao, liite cart Arec, // cf'itf. Aouna, to-(/ay Aoy, tctiftr ' Kahoo, the nofe E.iwow, to fcolJ Kei, to eat I'.Cyo, lock you Emoto, to box Epanoo, a drum Epeenei, an echo Epehc, a fon^ Erowroo, fix bead lluahcinc, a -wife Itopa, to fall Kipoo a mecmhee, a cham- ber-pot Mahana, a day j>Iarroo\vhai, dry Matau, the eyes Matte roal), to die * Maynctnec, to tickle Mej'oooo, the nails Midee, a child Mutee, a tifs Myty, _^6fli/ Nechec'o, good night Oboboa, to-morrow Oowliau, the thighs Ore' dchaiya, a large nail Ore' cctcea, a /mail nail Otaowa, ye/lerday l'.ihie, a jlip I'arawci, a jklrt Poa, a night Poc, ear lings Tanc, a hufiaiid Tatta tc liomniann': maitai, a good-mittiitd peifon Tea, white Teinc, a brother Tooahcinc, a Jijler Tooanahoe, yon and I Toonoah, a mole in tbejkin Tumataii, a bonnet \V'.i!ioa, Jire Waow, /. 'Ihc natives of this country arc feldom afllicled with any difeafes except fometimes an accidental fit of the cholic ; but they are fubjeft to the erifypclas, attended with cutaneous eruptions fomewhat lerembling the Ic- l)rory ; and if they have it to any confidcrabic degree, they are excluded from fociety and live alone, in a fmall houfe in fome unfre(]ucnted pare of the illand. 1 he management of the fick belongs to the priefts, M'hofe methud of cure confifts generally of prayers and lercmonies, which are repeated till they recover or die. If the former happens, it is attributed to their mode of proceeding j if the patient dies, then they urge that the difeafe was incui-able. The religion of thefe ifianders appears to be very myfterious ; and as the language adapted to it, was dif- ferent from that which was fpoken on other oceafions, we were not able to gain much knowledge of it. Tu- pia, who gave us all the information that we got in re- gard to this particular, informed us, that his country- men imagined every thing in the creation to proceed from the conjunction of two perfons. One of thefe two firft (l)eing the fuprerae deity) they called Taroa- taihetoomo, and the other Tapapat and the year which they called Tettowmatatayo, they fuppofe to be the daughter of thefe two. They alfo imagine an in- ferior fort of deities, known by the name of Latuas, two of whom, they fay, formerly inhabited the earth, and they fuppofe that the firft man and woman defcended from them. The Supreme Being they ftile " The caufer of earthquakes ;" but more frequently addrefs their prayers to Tane, whom they conceive to be a fon of the firft progenitors of nature. They believe in the exiftence of the foul in a feparate ftate, and fuppofe that there are two fitualions differing in the degrees of happinefs, which they confider as receptacles -for differ- ent ranks, but not as placesof rewards and puniftunents. ■'^ 3 ■ ■ Their notion is, that the chiefi and pr Jicipal people will have the preference to thofc of lower rankif Fof as to their anions they cannot conceive them to influ* ence their future ftat^ as they believe the deity takes no cogniaancc of them. The office of prieft Is here- ditary } there are fcveral of them of all ranks : the chief IS refpefted next to their kings j and they arc la general fuperior to the natives, not only in point of di- vine knowledge, but alfo in that of aftronomy and na- vigation. 1 hey arc not at all concerned with the cere- mony of marriage, w hich is only a fimplc agreement be- tween the man and the woman, and when tlicy chufcto feparate, the matter is accompliihed with as litt/e cere- mr; y as was .bought ncceffary to bring them together.* I hele people do not appear to worfhip images of any kind > but they enter their Morals with great awe and hiimility, their bodies being uncovered to the w^ when they bring their offering to their altar. As lo their form of government, there is a fort of hibonlmation among them which rcfembles the early ftaie of all the nations of Kurope when under the feudal fyftem, which refcrvcd authority to 9. fm-.il number, putting the reft intircly in theirpower. The ranks of the people of this iOand were thelc, EareeRahie, Ggnify- ing a king or fupreme governor } Earee, anfwenng to the titleof baron } Mannahoonies, to that of vaflal} and Toutou, under which name was included the loweft orders of the people, fiich as are called villains accord- ing to the old law term. The Earee Rahie, of which there are two here, one belonging to each peninfiila, had great relpect (hewn them by all ranks. The Eai ees are lords of one or more of the diftrids, into wliich thefe governments arc divided; and they fepa- rate their ten itories into lots, which arc given among the Mannahoonies, who refpc^ively cultivate the Oiare that they hold under the baron. But they are only noiuinal cultivators ; this, as well as all other laborious work, being done by the I'outou, or lower clafs of the people. The fovereign, or Eai ee Rahie, and the baron, or Earee, are fuccecded in titles and honours by their chiklren, as fouii as they are born ; but their cftates re- main in their pofleflion, and fubieA to the management of their parents. Every diftriA under the command of an Earee furniOies a proportionate number of fight- ing men, for the defence of the common caufe, in cafe of a general attack \ and they are all fubjcfl to the command of the Earee Rahie. Their weapons confift of llings, in the ufe of which they are very dextrous, and of long clubs remarkably hard, with which they fight obftinately and cruelly, giVing no quarter to their enemies in time of battle. While we ftaid at Otaheite, there was a good under- ftanding between the Earees of the two peninfulas, though It feems that the Earee of Tearrebau called him- felf king of the whole ifland ; this was a mere nominal claim, and was confidered as fuch by the inhabitants. There is not any thing among them fubftitoted for money, or a general medium by which every defiraUe object may be purchafed or procured } neither can any permanent good be obtained by force or fraud. The general commerce with women fets afide almoft every excitement to commit adultery. In a word, i^ a go- vernment fo little polilhed, though diftributivejuf- tice cannot be regularly adminiftered ; as, at the fame time, there can be but few crimes whereon to exercife it, the want of this juftice is not fo feverely felt as ia more civilized focieties. . '' Soon after our arrival at this ifland, we were ap"" prifed of the natives having the French 'difeafe among them. The iflanders called it by a name exprcflive of its effc^, obferving rh^t the hair and nails of thofi: who were firft infected by it, fell off, and the f.efli rotted from the bones, while their countrymen, and even neareft relations, who were unaffeSed, were fo much terrified at its fymptoms, that the unhappy fi^- ferer was often forfakcn by them, and left toperuhia the moft horrible conditions. Thas have we given an accurate, full, and complete defcription of the ifland in its prefent ftate ; we fhall onlV' add a few remarks, which we apprehend may })t of •f ' I- COOK'» FIRST VOYAGE— tor m»king Difioviritt ia the fouih iif.it 5t Kcyiiu ,< II iV or life to fiK:h jjcmlemcn in the navy, who may here- after have it in thtir oidcra to touch at the fame. A« thii ilUnd (an bo ufeful only by rupi)(/inH ftiipa with refrcfliinentu in their ualTagc throu«h thifc fca*. it might be made to anfWcr fully thi» impoitant end i Kuropean cauie, planti, ttardcn-ftiitK, and the moft tifefui veiretabiM, would iloubtlera flnurifh in fo rich & foil. The climate i* remarkably line, the heat i« not troiiblefomc, nor do the winds blow conllantly from the ealh We had frequently a ficHi jjale from the S. W. fometirne*. though very icl(!om, fron» the N. W. We learnt from Tupia, that foiith wcfterly winds pre- vail in Oftober, November, and December, and wc nave no doubt but thi» i» true. At the tiuit the windi arc variable, they arc afway* arroni|Vinu'd by a l\*cll (mni the S. W. or W. S. W. The fame fwcll happcni on a calmi and when (he atlnofphtre i* loadi-d w ith duudu, ] which (hewi that the wimli arc variablr, or wcl>irl/ out at feai for with a trade wind the weather is cicjr* In ihefe parts the trade wind iloti not extend farther td the fouth thi4n twenty dcirtccs, beyond which we Rcne- rally found a pale from fnc welhvard. The tides here are pCrhans as inconfidcrablc as in any part of the world. A fouth or foufh by wefl moon maltci high' water in the harbour of Matavai, and its perpendiculai' height feldoiit exceeds ten or twelve inches. C H A P. VI. .-«««>. of Ibe liffMd fiiMic rervices nfCtipt. JomfS Cook, here inlroJuced at the rofuefl of a ureal numbtr of our very ZZreii!i^ShX.Z co„„L L U^-V,Jllsibe ,Jland. ,n ,he ne.i^hl>o,obr^ofO,abc,.e-^. account Some Tf'"fJ^a7M7<'7»d7"^«r>o''> }^iin>l^'->relaiive ,o the wbabUa.ts-Tbe paffa^eof tbeEnd,avourfmn Uleroub la V^fZd-EmU n K'>i"R "Me, a„d incidem ubje lbejb,p nuts ,,, P»v,riy Bay-^rbu and ,be adjacent country JeTriM^EscurliL to Cape TuLfain, and return to Tola^a-The Mtnuts deJcrUed and a ""iratr^.f uhat b,p. ^Tdwb,le\venij;f on tbai pari nfke coafl-Tbe range from tbe Emieavi qf (/lands and Jiirmi/lie. Ckpe, wbilf we ivesf on ibal pari of tbe coaH—lbe range jrom ' <»«x." '" '"""".'■ "".>—;'".'^""'''- " r/--» ■" "-' « IjZZ anfaJibore-A drfcr,pt,on of the country and ,ts forffird v,llaya~.Sh.fu,h Jrm Mercury Hay to tbe Day VdZ.A drfcrpnonoflhe h.dLis on the banks oftber,ver rbamcs-And.J the tinder tbat^^ro'^sthny-h^^^^^^^^^ Tmilhes ^,lb Ibc nat, ve, on an ,jLind, and on d.jfcreni parts of tbe coafi^kauge Jrom tbe Bay oj Jjlands round horib "\ We nivc in this earlv part of our work the following memoirs of Capt. Cook's life and public fcrviccs, at the particular rcqucrt of a great number ot.bur nu- merous Subfcribers, that the Public may be imnic- diatcly gratified, refpe(fting this moll celebrated Na- vigator. NOtwithftanding the ignorant afTcrtions foiflcd on the Public by editors of other publications of the kind, wc have authority to fay (thcUcv. Mr. Grcnfide's tcftificate being in the |X)nitrion of our publifher) that the late Capt. James Cook was born at Marion, in the North Ridmg of Yorkfliiro, on February :\, 1.28. His tather, who was a day labourer (a circumftancf by no means to the difgracc but honour of our unparalleled voyager) in that village, put his fon, at an early "g"-". apprentice to a fiiop-kecper in a neighbouring town. His natural inclinatian not having been confultedon this occafion, he fcwn quitted the counter from difguft, and bound himfclf for nine years, to the mailer of a velTel in the Coal-trade, At the breaking out of the war, in 1 75 5, being impreflcd, he entered into the king '■ fcrvicc, on board the Eagle, at that time commanded by Captain Hamer, and afterward by Sir Hugh Palli&r, who foon difcoveied his merit, and introduced him on the quarter-deck. Ill the year 1758, we find him mafter of , the Nor-* thumbcrland, the Rag (hip of Lord ColviHc, who had then the command of the fquadron itationed on the coaft of America. It was' here, as he has often been heard fay, that, during a hard winter, he firft read Euchd, and applied himfclf to the lludy of mathe« matics and aftronomy, without any other aflllVance, than what a few books^ and his own induHry atforded him. At the feme time, that he thus found means to cultivate and improve his mind, and 00 I'npply the de- ficiencies of an early education, he was engaged in moft of the bufy and active fcencs of the war in America. At the ficge of QHcbec, Sir Charles Saunders commit- ted to his chargethe execution of ferviccs, of the firft importance in the naval department. He piloted the boats to the attack of Montmorency ; conducled iA\* embarkation to the Heights of Abraham, cxaminhd admi- rable prcfence of mind in the moment of danger. His inarino!>^^^4 .H>t teipoper Maight perhaps;havv been juUly, bla^ncd, as fiA^«^((9,ha(lin«ri aad,ppOion. My>Mi ! -in Sucl» were the ontij^s of C?illt*in Cook's^charader, but its nioft diOinflVidiingfait^re was. that unreniit- ting/pfrf9verance(»PL«^*i»rfu«»f hjsobjeia. whjcl* wks.oot «i)ly fuqw"Wi t«i*h« opppfuiqurol dangers, and (be ^neUure ai ljtafftn^Ef"> but even exempt Irom thctlrant of ordinary re;|i^aFi<>n. During (he three long and led ioua voyages ifiwhich he was. engaged, hise^.^ gernefs and adlivit^ were never in the lealt aUucd. No incidehtal lepiptation could detain him for a roomcnt, «:vcn thole i{V«(yai> of rcereat||^ which |«inctinies un- H ^ avoidably (IV 'i'v ' 1 .r |l!jl If •vei«Ubly ncrHrrcd, and were looked for by ui with a lonsiiif^ (hit perfc ho have experienced the fktiguct nf rervice, will n.. cxcufe, were rubmittei) to by Mm with ■ certain im|Mticnce, whenever they coulii not be einpltyrd in mikiiw further provifion for the more effectual prufeciiiion of hu ilcligni. Ui* not necctrar>, Scir, ui enumerate the particular inOancci in m hich thefe (tualitiei were difplaycd, dur- ing the sreat and important cntcrprizei in which he wai cnaagctl. We fltall content ourfclvei with Hating the reful*: of ihofc fervicet, under ihc two principal headi to which they may be referred, thofe of geoKraphy and navigation, placing each in a feparate and diftintl point nf view. Ferhapt no fcietKe ever received greater additioni from the lahnun of a finglr ninn, than Kopraphy has done from thofc of Captain Cook. In his iirll voyage to the South Scat, he difcovercd the Society lllnnmt determined the infularily of New Zrnland i difcovcred the ftniia which (eparate the two iflands, and are called after his name, ana made a complete furvey of both. He afterwards explored the eaftern coaft nf New HnU land, hitherto unknown, an extent of twenty>fcven de- gree* of latitude, or upward* of two thoufand mile*. In hw fecond expedition round the world, he re- folved the great proolem of a fouthern continent t hnv- ing ti averted that hemifphere between the iatituden of 40 and 70 degree*, in fuch a manner, at not to leave a poflthility of its exigence, unlcft near the |)olc, and out of the reach of navigation. During this voyage, he difcovcred New Caledonia, the Inrgeft iflanJ in the Southern Pacific, except New Zealand > the ifland of Georgia, and an unknown coaft, which he named Sand- wich Land, the thule of the fouthern hemifphcrei and having twice viflted the tropical feas, he fettled the ficuation* nf the old, and made feveral new difcoveries, which (hall likcwife all be particularized in the follow- ing fliects. But this third voyage (a full account of which we fhall alfo give in this work) is dittinguiihcd by the ex- tent and importance of it* difcovcrics. Befides feveral fmallcr ifland* in the Southern Pacific, he difcovercd to the north of the equino(flial line, the grotipe called the Sandwich Ifland* ; which, from their fltuation* and produdlions, b\A fairer for becoming an objeifl of con- fequence, in ^he fyftem of European navigation, than any other difcovery in the South Sea. He afterward* explored what had hitherto remained unknown of the trefttfni coaft of America, finom the latitude of 43 to 70 deg. north, containing an extent of three thou- faiid five hundred mile*: afrertained the proximity of the two great continents of Alia and America ; pafTcd the (trait* between them, and furvcyed the coait on each fide, to fuch a height of northern latitude, as to demonftrate the impnkticabiHty of a pafTage in that henii()>here. from the Atlantic into the Pacinc Ocean, eitlier by an eaftem or a weftern courfe. In fhort, if we except the fea of Amur, and the Japanefe Archipe- lago, which ftill renmin but imperfedly known to Eu- mpeaM.lie has completed the hydrography, of the ha- bitable ghibe. Intheprofecutionof hit third voyage this great tnan met withliis unfortunate death, the particulars pre- ceding whrch we think it ncceflary here to rehitc, ,On Fridajr; Peh. 13, 1779, letumiiMr to Karakakooa Bay, andetoMingto anchor, we were luiprized to find oUrteccptionVeiydiflbentfirom whK'ithad been on ourArfl arrival; no fhouM, -MO bufllle, no canAi^n, but alblitary bay, with onlfhtRand there a ctihoc (fealing clofc along the (hike. The impulfe of curi- ofity, which had b^ott opfcratvd'tb fogteatia'dtgree, inigiit now indeed be fappMiNl totikveceafcd: but tiie ho^tubletreatntent we had iflltariable nsct^ithi and the friendly "fiibtiitg on which we parted, gave !|» when am ... 4 * anxiety was at leiwth relieved by the return of a boat, which had been lent on Ihore, and hrought u* woni, that Tcrreeoboo wu abfent, and had \th the bay under the taboo. ThotJgh this account appeared very faiia- faiflory to mofl ofu*, yet other* were of opinion, or rather, perhapa, have hern led by fubfequent events to imni^inc, that there was fomeihing at ihi* time ^try fufpiciout in the liehaviour of the native* 1 and that the interdidiion of all iniercourfe with 11* on prriencc of the king** abfcnce, wa* only to give him time to confult wiin hi* chiefs, in what manner it might be proiKr to treat u>. Whether thefe fufpicioiu wire well-founded, or the account given by the nati^Cl wa* the truth, we were never able to afccrtain. For though it is not improbable that our fmldcn return, for which they could fee no apparent caiife, and the nec< (lity of which (the Kcfoliition Iwing ilamagcd in a gilc) we afterwards found it very difficult to niai.c them coiii- prchcnd,#might nrcafion Come alarm t yet the iinluf- piciotis cnnduA of Terrecoboo, who on hit fuppolid arrival, the next morning, came immediately to vifit Captain Cook, and the confcquent return of the natives to their former friendly intercourfc with us, are llrong proofs, that they neither meant, nor apprehended any clinnge of condud. In fiipport of this opinion, wc may add the account nf another accident prcciftly of the fame kind, which happened to us on our firl. vifitr the d:iy before the arrival of the king. A native had fold a hng on Ixiard the Kcfolution, r.r..i iii!:':n the pric: ^grcrd on, when Parcra palling by. ndvifed titc man not to part with the hog, without an advanced price. Fur this, he was fharply fpoken to, and pufhcd away \ and the taboo being fnon after laid on the bay, we ha^l at firll no doubt, but that it was in cnnfcqucncc of the offence given to the chief. Both thefe accidents ferve to Ihew , now very difhcult it is to draw any certain conclufion from the adionsof people with whofe cuOonis, as well as language, we are fo iniperfedfly acouainicdt at the fame time, fomc idea may he formed from them uf the ditlkuliies, at the full view, perhaps, not very ap- parent, which thofe have to encounter, who in all their (raiifadion* with thefe (Grangers, have to Aecr their courfe amidft fo much unceruinty, where a trifling error may be attended with even the moft fatal confc- quence*. However true or falfe thefe conjcdiures may be, thing* went on in their ufual quiet courfe till Sa- turday afternoon February 1 3, 1779. Toward the evening of that day, the officer who commanded the watering parly of the Difcovcry, came to inform us, that (everal chief* had alfcmblcd at the well near the beach driving away the natives, whom he had hired to afhft the faibn in rolling down the caflis to the (hore. He told ui, at the fame time, that he thought their behaviour extremely fufpiciou*, and that they meant to give him fomc farther diHurbancc. At his requcft therefore a marine was fcnt along with him, but wa. buffered only to ukc hi* fide arms. In a fliort time the officer returned, and on his faying that the iflandera had armed themfelves with flones, and were grown very tnmultuous, Mr. King went to the fpot atunded by a marine with hi* mufquet. Seeing them approach, they threw away their (lone*, and, on their fpcakingto fome of the chiefs, the mob were drivcfi away, and thofe who chofe it, were fufFercd to afTift in filling the caflcs. Having left thing* quiet here, Mr. King went to meet Capt. Cook, who was coming on (hore m the pinnace. Mr. King related tc^him what had jdl pafled. and he ordered Mr. King, in cafe of th^ir pfginning to throw Aonea, or behave infolently, imme- diately to fire a ball at the ofTenders. Mr. King accord- ingly gave order* to the corporal to. have the piece* of thcccntinds loaded with ball, inllcadof fmall (hot. Soon after our return to the tent*, we were alarmed tor a continued fire of mufquets from the Difcovcry, which wcobferved to bedireees on board, and tokeepthcm 0* hoflagei till it was refforcd. I'his method, which had been always attended with fucccfi, he meant tr> purfueon the prefent occadon; and at the fame time, nail given orders to flop all the canoes that (houlJ attempt to leave the bay, with an intention of feizuig and deflroying them if he could not recover the cuttir by peaceable means. Accordingly the boats of btuh fliips, well manned and armed, were flationed acrofs the bay 1 and, before Mr. King left the fliip, fome great fiuns had been fired at two large canoes that were it- tempting to make their efcape. It was between feven and eight o'clock when Gipt, Cook and Mr. King quitted the (hip together. Capt. Cook in the pinnace, having Mr. Phillips and nine marines with him, and mr. King in the fmall boat. The laff orders Mr. King received from him were, to quiet the minds of the natives on his fide of the hay, by affuring them they fliould not be hurt : to keep his people together, and to be on his guard. They tlicn parted, the captain went to- wards Kowrowa, where the king rrtidcd, and Mr. King proceeded to the beach. Mr. King's firff care on going alhore, was to give ffridt orders to the marines to remain within the tent, to load their piece* with ball, and not to quit their arm*. Afterwards he took a walk to the huts of old Kaoo and the prieffn, and explained to them a* well as he could, the obje^ of the hoflilc preparations which had exceedingly alarmed them. He found that they had already heard of the cut- ter's being ffolen, and affured them, that though Capt. Cook was refolved to recover it and to punifli the au- thors of the theff, yet that thry and the people of the village on our (ide, need not be under the fmalleff ap. prehenllon of fuffcring any evil from us. He deflred the prieffs to explain this to the people, and to tell them not to be .\larmed, but to continue peaceable and quiet. Kaooafked him with great eameffnefs,ifTerreeob()o was to be hurt ? He affured him he was not, and both he and the reff of his brethren fecmed much fatisficd with this alfurance. In the mean time Capt. Cook, having called off the launch which wa* ffationed at the nonh point of the bay, and taken it along with him, proceeded to Kow- rowa, and landed with the lieuteiunt and nine marines. He immediately marched into the village, where he was received with the ufual iTiarks of refpedb, the peo- ple proflrating themfelves L.fore him, and bringing their accuffomcd offerings of fmtill hogs. Finding that there was no fufpicion ot his deftgn, his next ffcp was to inquire for Terreeoboo and the two boy* his fons, who had been his conffant gucffs on board the R'-fc!-.; tion. In a (hort tinie the ooys returned, alo-.ig with the natives who had been fent in fearch of them, and immediately led Capt. Cook to the houfe where the king had flept. They found the old Rian^uu awake from fleep, and, after a (hort converfation about the lofs of the cutter, from which Capt. Cook was convinced that he was in no wife privy to it, he invited him to return in the boat and fpcnd the day on board the Refrlurion. To this propofal the king readily coitfented, an^ itrimc- diately got up to accompany him. Things werein this profpcrous train, the two boys be- iiu^alresdyin the pinnace, andtherelt of the party having advanced near the water-(ide, when an eklfrly woman caUed Kanee-kabarcea, the mother of th*: boys, and one of the king's favourite wives came aher him. and with many tears and entreaties, befnught him not to go on kioarct^ At the (ame time two chiefs who came along with her laid hold of himi and inffffing that he (htmld^ gi^no farther, foiKcd him to fit down. The oatives, who I ?'-n I' • who were collecting in prodigious numbers along the fliore, and had probably been alarmed by the firing of the great guns, and the appearances of hoftility in the bay, began to throng round Captain Cook and their king. In this lituation, the lieutenant of marines, ob- ferving that his men were huddled dole together in the crowd, and thus incapable of uling their arms, if any occafionlhouid require it, propofcd to the captain, to draw them up alr)ng the rocks, tlofc to the water's cdgcj and the crowd readily making way for them to pafs, they were drawn up in a line, at the diftancc of aboucthirty yards from the place where the king was fitting. Allthis time the old king remained on the ground, Hfith the llrongcrt marks of terror and dejedion in his countenance; Captain Cook, not willing to abandon the objcdt for which he had come on ihore, continuing toiiive him, in the moft prelTlng manner, to proceed; whint, on the other hand, whenever the king appeared inclined to follow him, the chiefs, who flood round him, interpofcd, at firlt with prayers and entreaties, but afterward, having rccourfe to force and violence, infixed on his ftaying w here he was. Giptain Cook therefore finding, that the alarm had fpread too gene- rally, and that it was in vain to think any longer of getting him off, without bloodfhed, at la(^ gave up the pointi obferving to Mr. Phillips, that it would be im- poflible to compel him to go on board, without therifk of killing a great number of the inhabitants. • Though the cnterprizt, which had carried Capt. Cook on fhorc had now failed, and was abandoned, yet his pcrfon did not appear to have been in the leaft danger, till an accident happened, which gave a fatal turn to the affair. The boats which had been fta- tioned acrofs the bay, having fired at fome canoes, that Vere attempting to get out, unfortunately had killed a chief of the firll rank. The news of his death ar- rived at the village where Captain Cook was, jult as he had left the king, and was walking flowly toward the fhore. The ferment it occafioned was very confpi- . cuousj the women and children were immediately fcnt ' of!" and the men put on their war-mats, and armed themfelves with fpcars and rtoncs. One of the natives, •having it> his hands a Wonc, and a long iron fpikc i ('vhich 'ac) "all a pahooa) came up to the captain, flourifhi.vjT |,v, weapon by way of defiance, and threa- ' tcnirnj to throw the flone. The captain dcfired him to de(il>, but the man perfiftin]^ in his infolcncc, he was at length provoked to fire a load of fmall-lhot. The man having his mat on, which the fliot were not able to penetrate, this had no other etkH than to irri- tate and encour.if;c them. Several Hones were thrown at the marines; and one of the Erecs attempted to flab Mr. Phillips with his pahooa, but failed in the attempt, and received from him a blow with the butt end of his inufiiuct. Captain Conk now fired his fccond barrel, loaded with ball, and killed one of the forcmofl of the n.itives. A general attack with (lones immediately liillowcd, which was anfwered by a difchaige of muf- quetry from the marines, and the people in the boats. The illandcrs, contrary to the expedations of every . enc, flood the fire with great firmnefs; and before the , marines had time to reload, they broke in upon them with dreadful fiiouis and yells. What folicwcd was a : '^-.•iie of the utmofl horror and confufion. ■; Four of the marines were cut ofl' amongft the rocks in their retreat, and tell a facrifice to the fury of the enemy; three more were dangeroufly wounded; and the lieutenant, who had received a (lab between the . flioulders with a pahooa, having fortunately referved his fire, fliot the man who had wounded him jiill as he was going to repeat his blow. Capt. Cook, the fall time he was ftrenflill .idly, uas flanding at the water's! . edge, aiid callinguut to the boats to ccafc firing;, apdjj to pull in. If it be true, as fome of thofc who werci; prefent have imagined, that the marines and boat-men' had fired without his orders, and that he was defirout vi preventing any further bloodflied, it is not impro- I babic, .that.iKi!* humanity, on this occafton, proved fatal tohim. J'uric wa& remarked, that whilft he faced the natives, none of them had otUrid him any viulencc but that having turned alwut to give his orders to the' boats, he was ftabbed in the back, and fell with h is face into the water. On feeing him tali, the iflandets i\ t up ' a great flioiit, and his body was imnudiatcly dra- ,don fhore, and furroumled by the enemy, wliofnatclimtr the dagger out otVach other's hands, fliewed a favai'c < jL'er- nefs to have a fhare in his deflriifiiion. Thus fell this great and excellent commander! After a life of fo much diflin^iidhed and fiicccfsful eiiter- pnze, his dt.ith, as tar as regards himlcif, cannot be reckoned premature; liiice he lived to finifli the great work for which he fccms to have been dcligned; and was rather removed from the tniovnienr, than cut off from the acquilition, of glorv. Mow tinccicly his lo s was felt and lamented, by thole who had fo Ion.' found their general fccurity in his fkill and condud, ajid every conlolation under their hardlhips in his tender, nefs and humanity, it is neither neccfiary nor pofliblc for us to dcfcribc; much Icfs thai! we attempt to paint the horror with which the crews were fliuck, and the univerfal dejcdionand difmav, which followed fo dread- ful and uncxpedcd a calamity. We fliall here however fubjoin a few particulars which happene 1 fuhfcqucnt to his death, .ind which may be naturully cxpcdcd to belong to this account. IT has been already related, that four of the ma- rines, who attended Captain Cook, were killed by the iflanders on the fpot. I he rcfl, with Mr. Phil- lips, their lieutenant, thr- men, pulled towards the fliore, where they faw the bo- dies, without any figns of liti:, lying on the ground; biit judging it dangerous to attempt to bring them oft" with fo Ismail a force, and their ammunition being nearly expended, they returned to the fhips, leaving them in pofTefTion of the iflanders, together with ten Hands of arms. As foon as the general conflemation, which the news of this calamity occafioned throughout both crews had a Mttle fubftded, their attention was called to our party at the Morai, where the mart and fails were on flunre, with a guard of only fix marines. It is impoflibic to defcribe the emotioni of Mr. King's mind, during the time thefe tranfadions had been carrying on, at the other fi(k of the bay. Being at the diflancc only of a fhort mile from the village of Kowrowa, we could fire diftindly an immcnfe crowd colleded on the (pot where Captain Cook had jufl before landed. We heard the firing of the nuifquetry, and could pcrcelvtf fome extraordinary buflle and agitation in the multi- tude. We afterwards few the natives flying, the Ixats retire from the {horr> and patling and repatHng,. in grc^t ftillner\ between the (hipi. Where a life lb dear and valuable was concerned, it was impofTible not to.be '■iiarmed, by appearances both new and threatening. But, befidea thi>, we kilew, that a long and uninter. ruptcd courfe <)f fuccefs, in hit tranfadioos wi(h the natives of thcic feu, had {^ivcn the captain a degree of f:<)n> cook's first VOYAGE-^for miking Di/ioverw in the Seutl i>eas & Round the ff'or/J. 33 !| confidence. th«t we were fearful might. « fome unlucky moment, put him too much off his guards and we now faw all the dangers to which that confidence might lead, withmn receiving much confdation from conlider- inc the experience that had given rife to it. Our lirlt care, on hearing the murouets fired, was, to aflure the people, who were aflTetnWefl in conflderable numbers, round the wall of our confecratcd field, and feemed equally at a lofs with ourfelves how to account fer what they had feen and heard, that they fhu» of continuiiii; on peaceable terms with them. We re- mained in this polhire, till the boats had returned on board, when Captain Gierke, obferving. through his te- Icfcopc, that wc were furrounded by the natives, and apprehending they meant to attack usj ordered two four-pounders to be fired at them. Fortunately thefc guns, though well aimed, did no mifchicf, and yet gave the natives a convincing proof of their power. One of the balls broke a cocoa-nut tree in the middle, under which a party of them were fitting t »nd the other Ihivered a rock, that ffood in an exad line with them. As we had, juft before, given them the ftrongeft aflbranccs of their fafety, we were exceedingly mortified at this ad of hoftility. and, to prevent a repetition of it, immediatcl) difpatched a boat to acquaint Captain Gierke, tb«r. at prelnt, we were on the moft friendly terms with the natives ; and that, if occafion fhould here- after arifc, for altering our conduft towards them, we ivouUi hoirt a jack, as a fignal for him to afford us all the adiftance in his power. Wc cxpcdted the return of the boat with the utmofl impatience ; and, after remaining a quarter of an hour, under the moft torturing anxiety and fufpenfe. our fears were at length confirmed, by the arrival of Mr. Bligh, with orders to ftrikc the tents as quickly as poflible, and *o fend the fails, that were repairing, on board. Juft at *he fame moment, our friend Kaireckeea having alfo re- ceived intelligence of the death of Captain Cook, from B native, who had arrived from the other fide of the bay, came tons, with great forrow and dejcdlion in his coun- tenance, to inquire, if it was true ? Our fituation was, at this time, extremely critical and important. Not only our own lives, but the event of the expedition, and the return of at leaft one of the Ihips, bemg involved in the fame common danger. We had the maft of the Refolution, and the greatefl part of our fails, on fliore, under the protectwn of only fix marines : their lofs would have been irrepara- "We ; and though the natives had not as yet fhewn the ° finalleft difpoiition to moleft in, yet it was impofTible to anfwcr for the alteration, which the news of the tranfadion at Kowrowa might produce. We there- fore thought it prudent to diflemble our belief of the death of Capuin Cook, and to defirc Kaireekeea to difcouragc the report ; left either the fear of our re- lentmcnt, or the fuccefsful example of their country- men, might lead them to feize the fiivourablc oppor- tunity, which at this time olfored itfelf, of giving us a fecond blow. At the fame time, we adviicd him to brine old Kaoo, and the reil of the priefls, into a large hou^ that' was cloTe to the Morai ; partly out of re- gard to their fafety, in cale it (bould have been found necelTary to proceed to extremities ; and partly to have him near us, in order to make ufe of his authority with •the people, if it could be inflrumental in preferving peace. Having {Jlaced the marines on the top of the Morai, which formed a (Vrone and advantageous poft, and left the command with Mr. Bligh, giving him the moft ^fitivc diredions to ad entirely on the defenfive, we went on board the Difcovery, in order to reprefent to dptain Gierke the dangcmus fituation of our affairs. A% foon as we quitted the fpot, the natives began to annoy our people with flone* t aftd We had fcarrcly reached the ihip, bcfisre we heard the firing of the ma* -rinei. - We therefore returned inftantly on (horc, and %und things growing every moment more alamv> ing. The mttves were arming, and putting on theik* mats; and rheii number* incrcMed vtiy fiiit. Wc-oouM No. 4. alfo perceive feveral large bodies marching toward us, along the cliff which fcparatcs the village uf Kakooa from the north fide of the bay, where the village of Kowrowa is fituatcd. They began, at firft, to attack us with ftones. from behind the walls of their inclofures, and finding no re- finance on our part, they foon grew more daring. A few refolute fellows, having crept along the beach, un- der cover of the rocks, fuddenly made their appearance at the foot of the Morai, with a defign, as it feemed, of ftorming it on the fide next the fea, which was it.^ only acceflible part ; and were not diflodged, till after they . had flood a conliderable number of (hot, and feen one of their party fall. The bravery of one of thefe aHailants well defervesto be particularly mentioned. For having returned to carry off his companion, amidft the fire of our whole partv, a wound, which he received, made him quit the bock and retire ; but, in a few minutes, he again appeared, and being again wounded, he was obliged a fecond time to retreat. At this moment we arrived at the Morai, and faw him return the third time, bleeding and faint t and being informed of what had happened, we forbad the foldiers to fire, and he was fuffered to carry off his friend ; which he was juft able to perfotm, and then fell down himfcif and expired. About this time, a ftrong reinforcement from both fhip having landed, the natives retreated behind their walls; which giving us accefs to our friendly priefts, v;c fent one of them to endeavour to bring their country- men to fome terms, and to propofe to them, that if they would defift from throwing ftoncs, wc would not permit our men to fire. This truce w as agreed to, and we were fuffered to launch the maft, and carry off the fails, ind our aftronomical apparatus, unmolefted. As foon as w;« had quitted the Morai, they took poflbflion of it, and fome of them threw a few ftones s but without doing us any nrifchicf. It was half an hour paft eleven o'clock, whcr we got on board theDifcovcry, where we found no decilive plan had been adopted for our future proceedings. The re- fHturion of the bait, and the recovery of the body ef Captain Cook, were the objeds, which, on all hands, wc agreed to infift on ; and it was our opinion, that fome vigorous fteps fhould be taken, in cafe the demand of them was not immediately complied with. Though our feelings, on the death of a beloved and honoured commander, may be fufpeded to have had ftmie fhair in this opinion, yet there were certainly other reafons, and thofe of the moft fcrious kind, that had conliderable weight. The confidence which their fuccefs in killing our chief, and forcing us to quit the fhore, muft naturally have infpircd, and the advan- tage, however trifling, which they had obtained over us the preceding day, would, we had ho doubt, encou- rage them to make fome further dangerous attempts; and the more efpecially, as they had little reafon, from what they had hitherto feen, to dread the cffeds of our fire-arms. Indeed, contrary to the expedations of every one, this fort of weapon had produced no figns of terror in them. On our fide, fuch was the condi- tion of the (hips, and the flate of difcipline amongft us, that had a vigorous attack been made on us in the night, it would have been impoffible to anfwcr for the confe- quences. In thefc appreheqfions, we were fupportcd by the opinion of moft of the officers on board; and nothing feemed fo likely to encourage the natives to make the attempt, as the appearance of our being inclined to an accommodation, which thi v could only attribute to weaknefs, or fear. In favour of more conciliatory meafures, it was juftly urged, that the miichicf was done, and irrepa- rable ; that the natives had a ftrong claim to our re- gard, on account of their former friendfliip and kind- nef«; and the more cfpcciallv, as the late melancholy accident did not appear to have arifen from any pre- meditated defign: that, on the part of Terreeoboo, his ignorance of the theft, his readinefs to accompany Captain Cook on board, and his having adually fent I his I- I m I iUI 1^ :. % M two fons into the boat, muft free him from the rmallcft degree of fufpicion : that the condud of his women, and the Erees, might cafily be accounted for, from the apprehen lions occafioned by the armed force with which Captnin Cook came on fliore, and the hol\ile prepara- tions in the bay ; appearances fo different irom the terms of friendfliip and confidence, in which both par- ties had hitherto lived, that the arming of the natives was evidently with a delign to refift the attempt, which they had fome reafon to imagine would be made to carry oflF their king by force, and was naturally to be expected from a people full of afTedion and attachment to their chiefs. To thefc motives of humanity, others of a prudential nature were added ; that we were in want of water, and other refrcfhmcnts : that our foremafl would require fix or eight days work, before it could be (lepped: that the fpring was advancing apace ; and that the fpeedy profecution of our next northern expedition ought now to be our fole objed : that therefore to engage in a vin- di, tack at that place.; and, as foon as we were withiii reach, they began nii pearances were fo alarming, that we carried out a dream anchor, to enable us to haul the (hip abreaft of the town, in cafe of an attack ; and (lationed boats ojf the north point of the bay, to prevent a furprife from that quarter. The breach of their engagement to reftore the bo- dies of the flain, and the warlike pofture, in which they, at this time, appeared, occafioncd frcfh debates amongft us concerning the meafufes next to be pur- fued. It was, at lad, determined, that nothing thould be fuffered to interfere with the repair of the mart, and the preparations for our departure; but that we (hould, neverthelcfs, continue our negociations for the recovery of the bodies. ThegreatedpaKof the day was taken up in getting the foie mad into a proper fituation on deck, for the carpenters to work upon it ; and in making the necef.- fary alterations in the commiflions of the officers. The command of the expedition having devolved on Cap- tain Gierke, he removed on board the Relblution, ap- pointed Lieutenant Gore to be Captain of the Difcovery. and promoted Mr. Harvey, a midihipman, who had been with Captain Cook in his two lalt voyages, to the vacant Lieutenancy. During the whole day, we met with no interruption from the natives; and, at night, the launch was again moored with a tpp^hain ; and guard-boats Rationed round both (hips as before. About eight o'clock, it being very dark, a canoe. w'as heard paddling toward the (hip; and as (bon as it was fcen, both the ccntinels on deck fired into it. There were two perfons in the canoe, and they immediately roared out •• Tinnee," (which was the way in which they pronounced Mr. King's name), and faid they were friends, and had fomctning for him belonging to Captain Cook. When they came on board, they threw themfelves at our feet, and appeared exceedingly frightened. Luckily neither of them was hurt, nou withftanding the balls of both pieces had gone through the canoe. One of them was the perfon, called the Taboo man, who conftantly attended Captain Cook with the circumftances of ceremony we have already defcribed; and who, though a man of rank in th? ifland, could fcarely be hindered from performing for him the !ow;eft offices of a menial fervant. After k^ menting, with abundance of tears, the lofs of the Orono, he told us, that he had brought us a part of his bodv. He then prefented to us a fmall bundle wrapped up in cloth, which he brought under his annj and it is impolTible to defcribe the horror which feizcd u4, on finding in it, a piece of human fle(h, about nine or ten pounds weight. This, he faid, was all that re- mained of the body ; that the reft was cut to pieces, and burnt; but that the head and ali the bones, except what belonged to the trunk, were in the po(re(rion of Terreeoboo, and the other Frees; that what we faw had been allotted to Kaoo. the chief of the prlelts, to be made ufe of in fome religious ceremony; and that he had fent it as a proof of his innocence and attach- ment to uk. This avoided an opportunity of informing ourfclves, *"""«'' thcv were cannibals J and we did not negloft "' I. r " *''"'* ^ """"y •™''"^ queftions. put to 'u*^ L J *'*™'P*"' •°'«'"» '" w*«" manner the reft of the bodies had been di^fed of; and finding them very conftant in one ftory, that, after the flefh had been *^"* "«'.." *" ■" ^""' *«« '"^ P"t **K d'ret We prelFcd our two friendly vifitors to remain on board till morning; but in vain. They tuld ui, that, if this tranfadion (hould come to the knowledge of the king, or chiefs, it might be attended with thcinofl fatal conTequenccs to their whole fociety i in order to prevent which, they had been obliged to come off to us in the dark ; and that the fame precaution would be ncccflary in returning on Ihore. They informed us farther, that the chiefs were eager v> revenge the death of their countrymen! and particularly cautioned us againll trufting Koah, who, they faid, was our mortal and im- placable enemy ; and dcfircd nothing more ardently, than an opportunity of fighting us; to which the blow- ing of the conchs, we had heard in the morning, was meant as a challenge. We learned from thcfe nnen, that feventecn of their countrymen were killed in the firfl adion at Kowrowa, of whom five were chiefs) ^nd that Kaneena and his brother, our very particular friends, were unfortunately cf that number. Eight, they faid, were killed at the obfervatory ; three of whom were alfo of the firft rank. About eleven o'ck)ck, our two friends left us, and took the precaution to dpfire, that our guard*boat iinight attend them, till they had palled the Difco- very, left they fliould again be fired upon, which might alarm their countrymen on Autre, and ex> ,poM them to the danger of being difcovered. This jfequcft was complied with; and we had the fatis- faaion to findj that they got fafc and undifcovered to land. During the rennaindcr of this night, we heard the fame loud howling and lamentations, as in the pre- ceding one. Early on Tuefday morning, we received another villt froni Koah. It mufl be confcfTed we were a little piqued to fin^, that, notwithflanding the moft evident mark* of treachery in his conduct, and the pofitive tefKinony of our friends the priefta, he fliould (till be permitted to carry on the fame farce, and to make us at Icril appear to be the dupes of his hy- pocrify. Indeed our iuuation wu becpme extremely awkward and unpromifing) nonepf tht) purpofes for which this pacific courfc of proceeding had been adopted, havii^ l^tberto been in the lealt forwardod by it. No fatisfadory anfwer whatever had been ^ven to ouf demands ; we did no|t |(bem to be a^ a|l adva-ncod towards a reconciliation witl) the iflanilersi thcv ftill kept in force on the fliore, as if determined to refift any attempts we might nake lo bndu and yet the auempt was become ^bfolutcly neq^ry, as it^ conipletiiig our fupply of water would not admit of any longer delay. However it mud be obferved, in juftice to the con- ' dud of Capt. Clerke, that it was very probable, from the great numbers of the natives, and uom the relb- lution with which they fecmcd to expcd us, an attacjt could not hitve been made without tome dangers and \ vthat the lofs of a very few men might have been fevercly felt by us, during the remaining courfe of our voyage. Whereas the delaying the execution of our threats, tltough, on the one hand, it leficned their opinion of our prowcfs, had the effed of caullng them to dif- peric, on t,te other. For, this day, about noon, finding ,us perfift in our inadivity, creat bodies of th«n, after blowing tjieir . conclis, and ufing every mode of de- fiance, mi^rche^ oiT, over the hilU, and never appeared alterward. Thofe, however, who remained, were not ihc Icf^ daring and iniblent. One man had thie audacity [to come within mulquct-Oiot, a-headof the (hip; and. \tUt (lin<^ing feveral Aones at us, he waved Capf.t CookV hat over his head, whilft his countrymen on ilioie were exulting and encoura^ia|; his boldncfs. Ourpcopte were all in a flame at thu mfult, and cem> *jng n a body oo the quarter-idcck, bagged they uiigVit no longer b|6flbliged to put up with thefe re- peated provocatiori»» and requcftcd Mr. Kii^ toobuin pormidiuri for them, from Capt. Clerke, to avail them- ' fdvcs of thc^ft fair occafion of revenging the death of * their commander. On his acquainting him with what uai palTing, he ^juve orders for fome great guns to be .7/ * fired at the natives on lliore; and promifcd the crcw» that if they Ihould meet with any molcftation at the wa- tering-place, the next day, they 11u)uld then be left at liberty cochaftife them. It is fomewhat remarkable, that, before we could bring our guns to bear, the iflanders had fufpcded our intentions, from theflir they faw in the Ihip, and had retired behind their houfcs and walls. We were there- fore obliged to fire, in fome meafure, at random; not- * withftandinff which, our fliot produced all the effedis that could have been defired. For. foon after, we (aw Koah paddling towards us, wijli cxtreipe hafte, and on his arrival,.we learned, that Ibmc people had been killed, and amongfl the reft, Maiha-maiha, a principal chief, and a near relation of the king. Soon after the arriv*l of Kwh. two boys fwam off front the Moral towards the ifiif», Vvi?ig each a long fpear in his hand; and after they bad approachedjpr(;i|ty near, they began to chant a fong, in a very folcron manner; theTubncd of which, from their often men- tioning the word Orono, and pointing tu tlie village where Capt. Cook was killed, wc concluded to be the late calamitous difaftcr. Having fung in aplaintivc drain for about twelve or fifteen minutes, durn^ the whole of which time they renuiued in the water,, they w^t on boaid the Difcovery, and delivered their fpears; and, after making a fhort (lay, cctuuicd on (hore. Who fent them, or what was the objoft of this ceremony, we were never able to learn. At night, the ufual precautions were taken for the fo> curity of the (hips ; and as foon as it was darjc, our two friends, who had viiitcd us the night before,- came off again. They alTured us, that though the effeds of ourgreat guns this afternoon, Ind terrified the chiefs exceedingly, thev had by no means laid afidc their bqftile intentions, and advifed us to be on our guafd. On Wednefday rooming, the boats of both ihipt were fent afliorc for water i and the Difcovery was warped clofe to the beach, in order to cover that Cer,' vice. We foon found, that the intelligence which the priefts had feiu us, was not without foundation; and that the aatiycs were refolved to take every opportunity of annoying un, when it could be done w^tnout much rifle. , , Throughdut aH tbisgipupof iflands, the vill^es,.for the mo(l part, are fituated near the fea; and the adja- cent ground is inclofed with (lone walls, about three uct high. Thcfe, we at fird imagined, were intended for the diviiion of proper^ ; but we now difcovered, that they fervcd, and probably were principally ^efi^ned, for a defence againfl invafion. They conlid of loole doncs, and the inhabitants are very dextrous in (hifting than, with great quicknefs, to flich fituations, as the direc- tion of the attack may require. In the fides of the mounuin, which hangs over the bay, they have alfo lit- tle holes, or caves, ot^conliderab|e depth, the entrance of which is fecured hj a fence of the fame kind. From behind both thefe defences the natives kept perpetually .Jiarallingour waterers with flones t nor could the fmall force wc had on (bore, with the advantage of mufqucts, compel them to retreat. In this expoled, fituation, our people were fo taken up in attending to their owniafety, tlut they employ- ed the whole ifbrcnoon in (illirig only one ton of water. As it was therefore impofTiWe to perform this fcrvice, till their afliilants were driven to a greater didancc, the Difcovery was ordered to diflodge them, with her great guns I which being efll-dcd by a few difcharges, the men landed without muUilation. However, the natives foon after made their appearance again, in their ufual mode of attack; and it was now found abfolutely neccfTary to b'.:rn down foinc (haggling houfes, near the wall, behind which they had taken llielter. In ex- ecuting thefe orders, wc are forry to add, that our peo- ple were hMrricd into ads of unijeccfTary cruelty and dcvaftation. Something ought cetuinly to be allowed to^tbeir rcfcn^mcnt of tne repeated iniultt, and con- temptuous behaviour of the iflanders, and to the na- tural defire of rcvcngmg the lofs of their comman- der. But, at the (amc time, their conduA fervcd flrongly cook's first voyage — for making Di/covcrics in the South Seas & Round the World. 37 left at 81 ftrongly to evince, that the utmoft precaution is nc- ceflary in trufting, though but for a moment, the difcretionary ufe ofarms, in the bonds of private fea- men, or foldiers, on fuch occafions. The rigour of difcipline.andthe habits of obedience, by which their force i.i kept direftcd to its proper objedls, lead them naturally enough to conceive, that whatever they have the power, they have alfo the right to do- Adhial dif- obedience being almoft the only crime for which they arc accuflomed to expcft puniftiment. they learn to confider it as th*- only meafure of right and wrong; and hence are apt co conclude, that wnat they can do with impunity, they may dowithjuftice and honour. So that the feelings of humanity, wliich arc infepara- ble from us all, and that generofity towards an un- refiding enemy, which, at other times, is the diAin- guifliing mark of brave men, become but wcakrcHraints to the exercifc of violence, when oppofcd to the defire they naturally have of (hewing their own independence ana power. We have already mentioned, that orders had been given to burn only a few draggling huts, which afforded Dielter to the natives. We were therefore a good deal . furprized to fee the whole village on (ires and before a boat, that was Tent to ftop the pnwrefs of the mifchief, .could reach the (hore, the houfes of our old and conltant Vfriends, the prie(h, were all in flames. We cannot enough lament the illnefs, that confined Mr. King on board this day. The priefls had always been under his protedlion . ^nd, unluckily, the o(ficers who were then on duty,havipg been fcldom on (hore at the Mo- *' ni, were not much acquainted with the circumftances ,' of the place. Had he been prefcnt himfeif, he might !; probably have been the means of faying their little io~ ciety from deftrudlion. Several of the natives were (hot, in mtdting their efcape from the (lames ; and our people cut o(F the . heads of two of them, and brought them on board. The fate of one poor iflander was much lamented by us all. As he was coming to the well for watar, he was fliot at by one of the marines. The bail (Vruck his caliba(h, which he immediately threw from him and fled. He was purfucd into one of the caves, and no lion could have defended his den with greater courage and ficrcenefst till at la(t, after having kept two of our people at bay for a conHderable time, he expire^ covered with wounds. It was this accident, that firft brought i» acquainted with the ufe of thefe caverns. At this time, an clderlr naan was taken pri(bn<:r, bound, and fent on board in the fiunoe boat with the heads of his two countrymeiu Wc never fivw honor To ftrongly pidured, as in the face of this nuui, nor fo violent a tranlition to extravagant joy, as when he vKat untied, and told he might go away in fafe^. He fltewed us he did not want gratitude, as he frequently afterwards returned with prclents of proviHons j aad alto did us other fervices. Soon after the village was deilrovcd, we (aw, coming down the hill, a man, anended by fifteen or twenty boys, holding pieces of white cloth, green boughs, planuins, &c. in their haadi. Wckncw not how it happetted, that this peaceful embaflfy, as foon as th^ were within reach, received the fire of a party of our men. This, however, did not (lop them. They con- tinue 1 their proceflton, and the oflicer on duty came up, in time, to prevent a fecond difchargc. As they Sproached nearer, it was found to be our much- . eemed friend Kaireekcea, who had fled on our firft 1 fetting fire to the village, and had now returned^, and delircd to be fent on board the Refolution. When he arrived, we found him exceedingly graye and thoughtful. Wc endeavoured to ma ke him under- ftand thenecedity we were under of fetting Are to the village, by Which his houfe, and thofe of nis brethren, were unintentionally confumed. He expoltulated a little with us on our want of friendfhip, and on wr ingratitude. And, indeed, it was not till now, that wc learnt the whole extent of the injury we had done them. He toU us, that, relying on the promilcs fve No. 5. had made them, and on the a(ruranccs rhcy had after- wards received from the men, who h.id brought us the remains of Captain Cook, they had not removed their efl^cdls back into the country, with the reft of the inhabitants, but had put every thing that wns va- luable of their own, as well as what they had coU Icdled from us, into a houfe clofe to the Morai, where they had the mortification to fee it all fct on (ire by ourfelvcs. On coming on board, he had fcen the heads of h-s countrymen lying on the deck, at which he was ex- ceedingly (hocked, and defired, with great earneftnefs, that they might be thrown over*board. This re- qucft Capt. Clerke indantly ordered to be complied with. In the evening, the watering party returned on board, having met with no farther interruption, Wc pafTcd a gloomy night t the cries and lamentations we heard on (hore being far more dreadful than ever. Our only confolation ^as, the hope that wc (hould have no occa- (ion, in future, for a repetition of fuch feverities. It is very extraordinary, that amidft all thefe dif- turbances, the women of the ifland, who were on board, never offered to leave us, nor difcovered the fmallcd apprehenfions either for thcmfelvcs or their friends afnore. So entirely unconcerned did they ap- pear, that fome of them, who were on deck wheii the town was in flames, fcemed to admire the fight, and frequently cried out, that it was maitai, or vf ry fine. On Thurfday morning, Koah came off as ufual to the (hips. As there exi(^ed no longer any necelKty for keeping terms with him, Mr. King was allowed to haye his own way. V\ hen he approached toWards the fide of the (hip, finging his fong, and ofl^ering a hog, and fome plantains, we ordered him to keep Off, cautioning him never to appear again without Capt. Cook's bones, left his life (hould pay the forfeit of his frequent breach of promife. He did notappear much mortified with this reception, but went immediately onlbore, and joined a party of his cbuntrythcn, who were pelting the watercrs with ftones. The body oT the young man, who had been killed the day before, was found this morning, lying at the entrance of the cave^ and fooie of our people went, and threw a mat oycf It. Soon after which they faw fome men carrying hira offon their (houlders, and could hear them Img- in^, as they marched, a mournful fong. The natives, being at iaft convinced, that it was not the want of ability topuijifh them, which had hi- therto made us tolerate their proxocations, dclifted from giving us any farther moleftatioii; and, in the evening, a chief called Eappp, who had feldom vifited, us, but whom we knew to be a man of the very firft confequen^re, came with prefents from Tcrreeoboo to fue for peace. Thefe prefents were received, and he was difmiifed with the fame anfwcr which had before b^n given, that, until the remains of Capt. Cook (hould be rcftored, no peace would be granted. We iearned from this pcrfon, tljat the flefh of all the bodies of our people, together with t,he bones of the truJtks, had been burnt \ that the limb irancs of the marines ihad been divided amongft the inferior chiefs; and that thofe of Gipt. Cook had been difpofcd of in the follow- ing manner: the head, to a great chief, called Kahoo- opeon; the hair ti) Maia-maia, and the legs, thighs, and arms to Terrceoboo. After it was dark, many ok the inhabitaitts came pff with roots and other vegeta- bles; and we alfo received two large prefents of the lame articles from Kaiieckeca. Friday the 19th of February, was chiefly taken up in fending and receiving the melTages which palfed between Capt. Clerke and Terreeohoo. Eappo was very prelling, that one. of our officers fliould go orx (hore; and, in the meantime, offered to remain ^s an hoftage on board. This requeft, however, it was not thought proper t;o comply with; and he left us with a Eroniife of bringing the botjes the next day. At the each the waterers did. not meet with the leaft op- pofitionfrom the natives; who, notwithflanding our ^ cautious si ill m '■' i AGES COMPLETE, H { cautious behaviour, came amonur ui again, without tho finallell appearance of diffidence or apprchcn- fion. Between ten and eleven o'clock of the 20th, we faw a great number of people defccnding the hill, which is over the beach, in a kind of proccflion, each man carrying a fugar.canc or two on his ihoulders, and bread-fruit, taro, and plantains in his hand. They were preceded by two drummers; who, when they ciime to the water-fide, fat down by a white flag, and began to beat their drums, while thofe who had fol- low cd them, advanced, one by one; and, having de- polited the prcfcnts , they had brought, retired in the fame order. Soon after, Eappo came in fight, in his long feathered cloak, bearing fomcthing with great fo- lemnicy in his hands; and having placed himfelfon a roclc, he made fiens for a boat to Be fcnt him. Captain Clerke^ conieifluring that he had brought the bones of Captain Cook, which proved to be the fad, went him(c!f in the pinnace to receive them; and ordered me to attend him in the cutter. When we ar- rived at the beach, Eappo came into the pinnace, and delivered to the captain the bones wrapped up in a large quantity of fine new cloth, and covered with a fpotted cloak of black and white feathers. He after- ward attended us to the Refolution ; but could not be prevailed upon to go on board ; probably not choofing, fVom a feiife of decency, tobeprefent at the opening of the bundle. We found in it both the hands of Cap- tain Cook entire, which were well known from a re- markable fear on one of them, that divided the thumb from the fore finger, the whole length of the meta^ carpal bone ; the flcull, but with the fcalp fcpanted from it, and the bones that form the face wanting; the fi:alp, with the hair upon it cut fliort, and ^hc ears ad- hering to it ; the bones of both arms, with the flcin of the fore-arms hanging to them; the thigh and lee- bones joined together, but without the feet. The li- gaments of the joints were entire; and the whole bore evident marks of having beCn in the fire, except the hands, which had the flefii left upon them, and were cut in feveral places, and crammed with fait, appa- rently with an intention of prcferving them. The fcalp had a cut in the back part of it, but the (kull was free from any frafture. The lower jaw and feet, which were wanting, Eappo told us, had been feized by dif- ferent chiefs, and that Tcrrecoboo was ufing every means to recover them. The next morning, Feb. 21, Eappo, and the king's fon, came on board, and brought with them the re- maining bones of Captain Cook ; the barrels of his gun, hii fliocs, and fome other triilcs that belonged to him. Eappo took great pains to convince us, that Ter- recdboo, Maiha-maiha, andliimfelf were moft heartily dcfirous of peace; that they had given us the mo(t convincing proof of it in their power; and that they had been prevented from giving it fooner by the other chiefs, many of whom were ftill our enemies. He lamented, with the greateft forrow, the death of fix chiefs we had killed, fome of whom, he faid, were amongft our beft friends. ' The cutter, he told us, was taken away by Parcea's people; very probably in re- venge for the blow that had been given him ; and that it had been broken up the next day. The arms of rhe marines, which we had alfodemanded.heaffured us, had been carried off by the common people, and were ir- recoverable ; the bones of the chief alone having been preferved, as bclonging.to Terrceoboo and the Erecs. Nothing now remained, but to perform the laft of- fices to our great and unfortunate commander. Eappo was difmifled with orders to taboo all the bay ; and. in the afternoon, the bones having been put into a coffin, and the fervicc read over them, they were committed to the deep with the ufual military honours. What . our feelings were on this occafion, we muft leave the ' world to conceive ; thofe who were prefent know, that it ii not in our power to cxprefs them. During the forenoon of^Feb. 22, not a canoe was Iben paddling in the Iny ; the taboo, which Eappo had Jaid en it the day before, at our rtqueft, not being yet taken o|f. At length Eappo came off to us. We af- fured him, that wc were now entirely fittisfie.) j and ' that, as the Orono was buried, all remembrance of what had palTcd was buried with him. We afterward defired him to take off the tabro, and to make it known, that the people might bring their provifions as ufual. The fhips were foon luirouniini with fanocs and many of the chiefs came on board, cxprrllint; .rrcat forrow at what had happened, and tluir fatisfaeiion at our reconciliation. Several of our friends, who did not vilit us, fent prefents of large hogs, and other provi- fions. Amongfi the reft came the old treacherous Koah but who was refufed admittance. ' As wc had now every thing ready ff)r fea, Captain Gierke imagining, thot, if the news of our proceed- ings fiiould reach the illands to leeward before us, it might have a bad t(Yci\, gave orders to unmoor. About eight in the evening we dilmifled all the n.il tives; and Kap|K), and the friendly Kaireckcca, took an afl'cdionatc leave of us. We immediately weighed, and flood out of the bay. The natives were colleded on thelhore in great numbers; and, as we palfcd along > received our laft farewcis with every mark of affceiion and good will. As a navigator, Capt. Cook's fervices were pcrhap« not lefs fplendid than important and meritorious. The method which he difcovcrcd, and fo fucccfsfully pur- fued, of preferving the health of feamen. forms a new ara in the oeconomy of navigation, and will tranfmit his name to future ages, among the friends and bene- fadlors of mankind, Thofewhoareconverfant in naval hiftory, need not be told, at how dear a rate the advantages, which have been fought, through the medium of long vovages at fea, have always been purchafed. That dreadful dif- order which is peculiar to this fcrvice, and whofc ra- vages have marked the tracks of difcoverers with cir- cumftancesalmoft too fliocking to relate, muft, with- out exercifing an unwarrantable tyranny over the lives of our feamen, have proved an infupcrable obftacle to the profecution of fuch enterprises. Ft was rcferved for Captain Cook to ftiew the world, by repeated trialt^ that voyages might be protraAed to the unufual length of three or even four years, in unknown regions, and under every change and rigour of climate, not only without affedling the health, but even without dimi- niftiing the probability of life, in the fmalleft degree. The method he purfucd has been fully explained by himfelf, in a paper which was read before the Royal Society, in the year 1 776, by Sir Godfrey Capley, who had a gold medal adjudged to him on that occafion ( and whatever improvements the experience of his third voyage has fuggefted, will be mentioned in this work in their proper jplaccs. With refpea to his profeflknal abilities, we (hall now leave them to the judgement of thofe who are beft acquainted with the nature of thi^ fcrvicca in which he was engaged. They will readily ac* knowledge, that to have condu(5ted three expedition* of fo much danger and difficulty, of founufuai a length, and in fuch a variety of fituation, with uniform and invariable fuccefs, muft have required not only a tho- rough and accurate knowledge of his bufinefs, but a powerful and comprchenfive genius, fruitful in re- fources, and equally ready in the application of what, ever the higher and inferior calls of the fer^ice required. Wc cannot here forbear noticing a medal, which has been executed by Mr. Pingo, for the Roval So- ciety, to perpetuate the memory of a man, whofe merit is far fuperior to panegyric, but which medal, we are forry to fay, does not convey a ftriking likencft of Capt. Cook, though in fome rcfpe£ls elegantly de- figned. • On one fide of this medal is given a relief of Cap- tain Cook, with this infcription, Jac. Cook, Oceavi INVESTIGATOR ACBRRiMus: immediately under the head is expreflfed in fmallcr charaders, Reg. Sec, Land. Socn/tto. On the rcverfe appears an creitt figure of Britannia ftanding upon a plain: the left arm relts upon an hieroglyphic pillar: her right arm is projedcd over wsm cook's first VOYAGB — for making DiftovtrUs in tbc Soutif Seas & Round the It'or/d. 39 over a globe, and contains a rymbol, cxprcflive of the celebrated circumnavigator's emcrpri/.mg genius. The infcription round the reverfc i«. Nil intentatum NOSTRi LiQyER«« «««* "" be a certainty, or even a proba- bility, of a water paffage into the afori'-mcntioitcit bays, or either of them, you are, in fuch cafe, to ufe your utmofl endeavours to pafs through with one or both of the floops, unlefs you (hall be of opinion that the paffu(:e may be cffe(fled with more ccrtaiiUy, or \vit1i greater probability, by fmaller vcffeU, in uhich cafe you arc. to fct up the frames of one or both the fmaii veffcis with which you arc provided, and, when they arc put together, and are properly (ittcd, ftorcd, and vivTluailcd, you are to difp^tch one or both of them, under the care of proper officers, men, and boats, in order to attempt the faid paffage. But, ncverthelcfs, if you (hall find it more eligible to purfuc other meafures than thofc above y pointed out, in order to make a difcovery of the before- mentioned palT-igc, (if any fuch there be) you are at li- berty, and we leave it to your difcret ion, to purfue fuch meafures accordinjgly. " In cafe vou (hall be fatisfied that there is no pnfTage through to the above-mentioned bays, fufficient tor the purpofes of navigation, you are, at the -proper fcafon of the year, to repair to the pott of St. I'ctcr and St. Paul, in Kamtfchatka, or wherever clfc you fliall judge more proper, in drder to refrcHi your people and pal's the winter; and, in the fpring of the cnfuing year, 1778, to proceed from thence to the northward, as far as, in your prudence, you may think proper, in further fearch of a north-call, or noth-weft paffage, from the Pacific Ocean into the Atlantic Ocean, or the North Sea: and if, from your own obfcrvation, or informal tion, there (hall appear to be a probability of fuch paf- fage, you are to proceed as above directed : and, having dilcovercd fuch paffage, or failed in the attempt, make the beft of your way back to England, by fuch route as you may think beft for the improvement of geography and navigation. " At whate- places you may touch .in the cour(« of your voyage, where accurate obfervations have not already been made, you are, as far as your time will allow, very carefully to obferve the true fituation of fuch places, both in latitude and longitude; the va- riation of the needle; bearings of head-lands; height, dire^ion, and courfe of the tides and currents; depths and foundings of the fea; flioals, rocks, &c. and alfo to furvey, make charts, and take views of fuch bays, harbours, and different parts of the coaff, and to make fuch notations thereon, as may be ufeful either to na- vigation or commerce. You are alfo carefully to ob- ferve the nature of the foil, and the produce thereof. You are likewife to obferve the genius, temper, difpo- fition, and number of the inhabitants, where you find any ; and to endeavour to cultivate a fricndfliip with them.. " You are alfo, with the confent of the natives, to take poffcfllon, in the name of the king of Great Britain, of convenient fituations in fuch countries as you may difcover, that have not already been difcovered or vi- fited by any other European power; and to diftributc among the inhabitants fuch things as will remain as traces and tedimonies of your having been there: but if you find the countries fo difcovered are uninhabited, you arc to take poffeffion of them for His Majefty, by fcttiiw up proper marks and infcriptions. " You are, by all opportunities, to fend to our fe- cretary accounts of your proceedings; and upon your arrival in England, you are immediately to repair to this office, in order to lay before us a full account of the whole courfe of your voyafec; taking care, before you leave the floop, to demand from the officers and petty officers, the log-books and journals they may have kept, and to fealthem up for our infpedlion; and enjoining them and the whole crew, not to divulge where they have been, until they fliall have permilEon fo to do : apd you are to diredl Captain Gierke to do the '"^me, with rcfpc(fl to the' officers, petty officers, and crew of the Dilirovery." Having here given the moft faithful account we have been able to colled, both from our own obfer- vations, and the relations of othcri, of the life, death, public m ■ m. \ ., ); 1 ,. !i ■ji !l f : ^ ( ^ ^ puUk fervicn and charaAer of thia excellent com- mander, we flull now leave hit memory to the grati- tude and admiration ofpofterity. Having here (to oblige our Subfcribenand the Public^ related puticulan of a very interclUng nature, ana which niiuft be highly accepuble to tn« world, we [ Ihall refume the narrative of the jirfi voyage, which will be followed with ituficomi andT itird voyages in their r^piltr enkr. . ON the 13th of July, 1768. after leaving the ifland of Otaheite, we continued our courfe, with clear weather wd a gentle brecxci and were informed ^Tupia, that (our ifhindi which he called Huaheine, Ulietea, Ouha, and Bolabola, were at the diftance of about one or two dayi fail I and that hogs, fowla, and other refreftunenu, very fcarce on board, were to be got there in great abundance. He alfo mentioned an iiland to the north- ward, which he called Tcthuroa. It it fituated north half weft, eight league* diftant from the northern ex- tremity of Ouheite. It wai a fmall low ifland, but aa Tupia faid, without any fettled inhabiunu. On the |(tn we made but little way, on account of the calm* which fucceeded the light breezes. Tupia often prayed to his god Tanc for a wind, and boafted of his fuccefs, which uideed he took care to infure, by never applying to Tane, till he faw a breeze fb near, that he knew it muft reach the Oiip before his prayer was concluded. On the 1 6th, we (bunded near the north-weft part of the ifland of Huaheine, but found no bottom at 70 fa- thoms. Several canoes put off 1 but the Indians fcemed feufal of coming near the bark, till the (ight of Tupia lemoved thdr apprehenfions. They then canne along fide, and the king of the ifland, with his queen^.came on board. They feemcd furprized at whatever was fliewn them, but made no enquiries after any thing but what was offered to their notice. After fome time they be- came more familiar ; and the king, whofe name wu Oree, as a token of amity, propofcdexchanging names with Captain Cook, which was readily accepted. We ^ound the people here nearly funilar to thofe of Ota- heite in almod eveiy particular 1 but, if Tupia might be credited, they are not like them addided to thiev- ing. Hiving anchored in a fmall but convenient har- bour, on the weft fide of Uie ifland. (called by the mtives Owparre) we went on flwre with Mr. Banks, and (bme other gentlemen, accompanied by the king and Tupia. The moment we landed, Tuoia uncovered bimfelf as low as the waift, and deflred nf r. Monkhoufe to follow his example. Being (catcd, he now began a fpeech, or prayer, which lafted about twenty nunutesi the king, who ftood oppofite to him, anfwering in what feemed fet replies. During this hanuwue, Tupia delivcnd, at diflerent timet, a handkerchief, a black filk neckcloth, fome plantaina, and beads, as prcrenu to their Eatua, or deity ; and in return (or our Estua,. we received a hqg, fome young plamains, and two bunches of feathers, ^ which were carried on board. Thefe ceremonies were confidcrcd as a kind of ratification of a treaty between us and the king of Huaheine. On the 17th, we went again on (hore, and made an excurfion into the country, the prodvKiions of which greatly rcfembled thofe of Ouheite; the rocks and clay ucmca, indeed, more burnt: the boat-houfes were cu- rious and remarkably large. The level part of the coun- try affords the moft beautiful landfcapes that the ima- gination can pofTibly form an idea of. The foil is ex- ceedingly ftvtile, and the (hore is lined with fruit trees of difltaent kindt, particularly the cocoa-nut: however, in (bmc places tlcre were fait fwamps and lagoons, which produ( id neither trees nor plants. On the 1 8th, we went again on fliore, and Tupia be- ing engaged with his friends, wc took with us laiyota, hit boy. Mr. Banks propuicd taking a more perfcd view of a kind of chcft, or ark, which he had before obfcrved. The lid of this ark was ocaii; fewed on, and I thatched iA a peculiar maimer with pc!.7i.nut leaves. It was placed on two poles, and fupported by fmall carved arches of w«x]. Thefe poles ferved to remove it from OM place eo another, in the manner of our fedan-chairt. We remarked, that this ched wa'i of a form refcmbling the ark of tlie Lord among the Jews , but It is ftill more remarkable, that, enquiring of Tu- pia's fervant what it was called, he told us. liwharre no £atua. the Houfc of Godi though he could give no, account of its meaning or ufe. Our trade utth the natives went on flowlyi we got, however, eleven pig^ and were not without hopes of obtaioing mere tlie next* momingk ^ On the 19th, we offered them Ibrac hatchets, in^ which we procuitd three very la^ hogs. As we in- tended to fail in the afternoon, king Oree, and other* of the natives, came on board to take their leave. Cap. tain Cook prefented to Oree a fmall pewter plate, ftamped with this inlcription, " His Britiinnic Ma- iefty's ftjip Endeavour, Captain Coolv. commander. 16 July, 1709." We gave him alfo fome medals, or coun- ter*, refembling our Englifh coin,, and other triffes, which he promifcd to keep in order to remember us. The ifland of Huaheine lies in 16 deg. 43 min. fouth latitude, and 150 deg. 53 min. weft tongitudei about 30 leagues diftant from Otaheite, and is twenty miles in circumference. Its produi^tions arc a month forwarder than thofe of the laft mentioned ifUttd, as we fiuind by fcveral of the fruits, &c. Mr. Banks coliedcd only a few new plants, but found a fpecies of the fcorpioa which he had not before feen. The inhabitants ace veiy lazy, but are ftouter and taiger made than thefe of Otaheite; the women very fair, and we thought them handfome. Both fexes feenied to be lefs timid, and k& curious. They made no enquiries when on board the fliip, and, when we (ired a gun, though apparently frighted, yet they did not fiuT down, as our Iriends at Otaheite conftantl^ did when we came among themi but it is to be confidered, that the former had never ex- perienced its power of difpenfing death. We now made fail for the lOand of Ulietea, diftant (eveu or eight leiuues from Huaheine. On the aoth, by the diredKon of Tupia, we an.^ chored in a bay, formed by a reef, on the north fide of the ifland. Two canoes foon came oft' from the flwre, and the nativea brought with them two fmall hogs, which they exchanged for fome nails and beads, llie Captain, Mr. Banks, and other gentlemen now went on (hore, accompanied by Tupia, who introduced them with the fiime kind of ceremonies that had taken place on their landing at Huaheine j after which Capuin Cook took pofleflion of this and the three neighbour- ing iflandi, Huaheine, Otaha, and Salabola, in the name of Hb Brittnnic Majefty. We then walked to a brae Moni, .called by thv natives Tabodeboatea, which we found different from the fe|Nilchral monu. iuetiu ef Ooiheite, being oonqxifisd of tow walls,, a- bout eight or nine feet mgh, aiiul buik ef large coral ftonea, furraunding a coun of about 30 feet fquare. At a (imall di(bmce wc found an altar, or ewhatti^ whereupon lay the laft oUatien, or facri(ice. a hog about eigkiy pounds weight, which had been oflered whole, *nd vciy oicely rotfftcd. We alfo (iiw four or five Ewharre^mKcatua, !«r hotiies of God, to which car. riagc poles were fitted. Prom hence we proceeded to a long houfe, where among rolls of cloth, we law the model of a canoe, about three feet kH^, to which were fiiftened eight human jaw-bonca; wc 'ceodiKicd tk^f were trophiet of wart but Tupia affirmed thcv wen t he jaw-boncs of the aati ves of thia ifland. 'Night new advanced with quick paces, but Mr. Banks and the Dodlor continued their walk akMg the (hate, and faw another Ewhartc-no^atua, alfo a tree of the 6g kind, the trunk ef which, (the nature whereof haa been already defcribed) was forty.two pacca in cir- cumference. On the 3 1 ft, the mafter was feot to infpeft the ibuthf ern part of the ifland, and« lieutenant wasdifpatched in the yawl 10 found the haibour where the Endeavour lay. While the Captain went in the pinnace to uke a view 1^' ^5 {A i^ n m i S'1' I i .1 I iT- ■'-^•M >. h k VIM'"-- '• ^•" '. ' ' t>* ' >•■ .il'> * t •.?". '.'& •• *• • « ' ? ^ ' - > T 'rift.. ,' i^IlT^f^liW «»i£"5-r'»'"^j"ti'. >• > f .u *, wi«*W*)jitfktl>.Mi # If 7^< v^i\mm»^ \, ;K rf) ^ \ I \ ^^ k!U M-: COOk'i FIRST VOYAOE—for nttkin^ Difcwtriti in the Seulb Stat U Round the WV/«/. 4' ^ view of ihit p«rt of the idand which Uy to ihc north- ward. Mr. lUnkt and 'Im geml«nicn were asain on Oiore, tradmu with the natives and fcarching after the pr'>di*:»ion» and curiofir iea of the country. 1 hey dit ffovcr'"'' ?■'" P"**""*^ "• ^'?'" Betiiiioiin.lerfi.ll. nil ^ '« »4tn. *hen weputtofea, and ft ereo i. jrthward * .ihi.. the reef, towarii «n Ojxn- ino. » thi dillance of about five or fix lean jci. in cttect- Inc whicli wc were in great danger of ftrikmg on a rotk, the mrn who founded, crying out tn\ a fudden •• Two fathom*," which could not but alarm u.i ^reailyj but either the miftcr wai miftaken, or the fliip went •long the edge of a coral rock, many of which in the neighbourhood of thcfc iflandu are as ftee p ai a wall. The bay where the Endeavour lav at anchor, called OouM. ii capacious enough to hold a great number of (hipping, and fccured from the fea by a reef of rock*. Iti fituation it off 'he eaflernmoft pari of the ifland. The provifiona confift of cocoa-nuts, yama, plantaini, and a few hog» and fowls. The country round about the place where we landed was not fo plentiful u« at Otaheite or Huaheine. The fouthernmoU opening in the reef, or thannel into the harbour, by which we entered, i( little more than a cable's length widei it lies off the eafternmoft point of the ifland, and may be found by a fmall woody ifland, which lie* to the footh- eaft of it, called Oatara i north-weft from which arc two other idets called Opururu and Tamou. Between ihefe is the channel through which we went out of the harbour, and it ii a full quarter of a mile wide. On the a:cfnt lni>kii>K vmmaii, who appeared to \x hcrnurfit when Mr. Hanks and Dr. Solander approaches* her, ftie rtrctchcd oMt her hand 10 receive (01..; bead*, which they pre iciuid to her, with an air of fuch dignity and gracclulncl*, «• would h.we done honour to the lirft princcis in Eu-* rope. In one of the h<- 'Tea we were entertained with a dance, different from any we had feen hcfore. 'Ihc performer put upon hii head a large pic< o of wicker- work, about tour feel lung, of a cyliiulraal form, co- vered with fcaihert, i»nd edntd round with (liark's teeth. With this head-drefs, which ik called a U ho>i, he began to Jance with a llnw motion t frequently mi>v« inghin head, foas to defcribe a circle with the cop of his wicker cap, itnd fometimcs throwing it fo near tho faces ofthe by-(\aiidcrt as to nuke them lumpbacki this thfv confidercd as an excellent aiiLC uf humour, and it always produced n hearty laugn, wlien pratflit'cd upon any of tnc Engliili gmtloinen. On Thurfday the 3d, a? Mr. Banks and the doc- tor were going along the fliorc to the northward, with adefign to piirchafc llock, they met with a company of danccrf, whorctanicil the progrcfs of tinirexcurfion. The company was tompodJ of lix men and two wo- men dancers, with three drums. Thcv were infortntd that thefc dancers were fomc of the pri ripal people of the ifland, and though they were ar 1 incra .t troop, they did not, like the firolling parties u*" Otalv'te, re- ceive any gratuity from the by-tlandeis. The wtim^a wore a coiifiderabic quantity of umou, or plaii. ) hair ornamented with flowers of the cape.jcirimine, which were ftuck in with tafte, and made an elegant he ... drefs. The woiiicns necks, breall* and arms, were naked t the other parts of their bodies were covered with black cloth, which was faftencd 1 lofe round them, and by tne fide of each breaft, next the aims, v ;« a fmall plume of black feathers, worn like a nr '.;;.-; Thus apparelled, they advanced fiduways, kec^^in . time with great exadnefs to the drums, which b'lt qui(;k and loud t foon after they began to ftiakc thcnitel ; in a very whimfical manner, and put their bodies into a variety of ftrange pofiures, fomctimr; fitting dov n, and at others falling with their faces to the ground, and rcfting on their knees and elbow.s, moving their finp.cri at the (amc time with a quicknefn fcarccly to I ic- dited. The chief dexterity, however, of the dantcs, aa well as the amufcmenc of the fpciftators, confifled lu the lafcivioufnefs of their attitudes and gcfturcs. Be- tween the dances of the women a kind of dramatic in- terlude war performed by the men, confiding of dia- logue as well as danciitg; but for want of a lullicicnt knowledge of their language, we could not learn the fubjedl of this interlude, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander an * ' : other gentlemen, were prefent at a more regular or<;;natic entertain nenc the next day. The performers, who were all men, were divided into two parties, one dreffed in brown, and the other in white, b .ay of diftindion. I'upia being prefent, informed Mem that the party in brown, afted the parts of ' x mia-rand his fcrvams, and the party in white, a gang of thieves ; the mafter having produced a batket of meat, which he gave in charge to nisfer'.iits: which party, exhibited a variety of <^. pedicnu, in endeavouring to fteal this bafket, and the brown as many in preventing the accomptifliment of their dcfign. After fome time had been (pent in this manner, thofeto whom thebalkct wasintruftcd, laying themfelvet down on the ground round it, pretended to fall aflecp; the other party availing chemfelves of thix opportunity, fiolc gently upon them, and carried off* their booty s the fcrvanis awaking foon after, difcovered their lofs, but they made no fearch after the baiket. and an to dance with as much alacrity as before. ~'n Saturday the 5 th, fume hogs and fowls, and fe- L vcrU I m iV'tffl '*♦! ■*■' I !« >■■',-' I f i ,-;si. COOk'i FIRST VOYAGE- v*t--JSmm^ 1 1 ■ ■ - U 1 1 1 y K \ ^ view of ihit part of the ifland whirti ««rd. Mr. Bink* and -hr genilemc (horc, tr»ding with the nilivei, •ml it pr'xluolionJ ind curiofif iet of the coi flover.j, however, twK one ^>«riicul The hiif wci ber and brilk niet i getiiiig «n'l«' *"''• "" ' " *■♦•'"• **" and ft ereu i, jrthward v» .ihi.i the reef, ing, k . tht diftance of about five or fii \na which wc were in great danger rock, the mm who founded, crying •• Two fathoiTU," which could not bu but either the inaftcr waa miftaken •long the edge of a coral rock, man; aei^bourhood of thcfe iflands arc ai The bay where the Endeavour lav Oopoa, ii ca^toui enough to hold Oiippirg, and fccured from the fca b Its tituation ii olf >he eafternmoft The provifiona confift of cocoa-nuti and a few hogi and fowli. The co the place where we landed was noi Otaheite or Huaheinc. The fouth< the reef, or channel into the hurb( entered, is little more than a cablr' liei off the cancrnmoft point of the found by a fmall woody ifland, whic eaft of it, called Oatara > north-wc two other idcti called Opururu and ' thefe it the channel through which \ harbour, and it ii a full quarter of a On the ajth we were within a lea ifland of Otoha ; but could not g( land, the wind having proved contra ing, Mr. Banka and Dr. Sulandcr wc with the nut(ter, in order to found Ciilftdeof the ifland, which they f( venient. We then went on (bore an quantity of plantains, and fomr ho( Eroduce of tnisi idund waa much the riietea, but it fccnied to be mor ceived the fame compliment uom was ufud! for them to pay their owr bv uncovering their ihoulders, ar cfoatht round their bodies. We ma ward, and at eight o'clock on the 2 the high ^)eaks of Bolabola. We fo cefTiblc in this part, and likewife thi to weather the fouth end of it till , the 30th, wc difcovered an ifland \ ~ Maurua, but faid it waa fmall, fui and without any connmodiout hart and yielded nearly th* fame prodi iflands. In the middle is a high roi be fcen at eleven or twelve leagues d ternoon, flnding ourfelves to windw that lay on the wed fide of Utictea, into one of them, in order to flop fprung in the powder-room, and to tional b.tllaft. The wind being r plied on and off till the afternoon when we came to an anchor in tl channel, which led into one of the i On Wcdnefday the id, in the tide turned, wc came into a propci in 28 fathom. Many of the nati brought hogs, fowls, and pl&ntaini chafed upon very moderate terms. Solandcr went on fliorc, and fpent 1 ably I the natives fliewing them g condudled to the houfes of the chiel thofe who had ran haftily before the fide of a long mat fprcad upon the miW Ctting at the fanher end of it. obierved lome very young girls di manner. >vhokept their places waitii COOK'i FIRST VOYAGE— for mtkin^ Difcwtriti In the South Snu ic Round the H'orM. 41 view of ihit wrt of the iOind whirh l»y to the north- ward. Mr. lUnki and 'Iw genilrmcn were anm on Ihorc. iradinuwuh the natives and fiarthing after the pr'xiu.:»ion« and curiofiriet of the country. I hey diC wvcr.d, howevw, tM one ^^artitular worthy of no- ""'hc \iU1 wrt ber and brilk gain prevented ui fronrt eetiH«*n.Urf»il. "11"' »4«K when we put to fea, and ft ereo 1. Jrthward \» ihui the reef, toward* Kn onen- ins, i . tht diflance of about five or fix leao ici, in cHcCt- ina whicli wc were in great danger of ftrikmg on a rock, the mm who founded, crying out on a fudden •• Two fathomi," which could not but alarm u) greailyi but either the maftcr wa« miftakcn, or the fliip went along the edge of a coral rock, many of which in the licighbourhood of thefc ifland* are ai ftce p ai a wall. The bay where the Endeavour lav at anchor, called Oouoa. ii capacioui enough to hold a great number of Ihippirg, and fccured from the fca by a reef of rork«. Iti iituation ii off »he eafternmoft part of the tfland. The provifiona confift of cocoa-nuta, yama, plantaini, and a few hogi and fowli. The country round about the place where we landed waa not fo plentiful a« at Otaheite or Huaheine. The fouthernmolt opening in the reef, or •iiaiinel into the harbour, by which we entered, ii little more than a cablr'a length widet it liea off the eafternmoft point of the ifland, and may be found by a fmall woody ifland, which liei to the fouth- caft of it, called Oatara 1 north-weft from which arc twoother iflet* called Opururu and Tamou. Between ihefe i» the channel through which we went out of the harbour, and ic ia a full quarter of a mile wide. On the acth we were within a league or two of the ifland of Otohai but could not get near enough to huxl, the wind having proved contrary. In the morn- ing, Mr. Bank* and Dr. Sulandcr went in the long-boat with the nutftcr, in order to found a harbour on the caftfideof the ifland, which fhcy found fafe and con- venient. We then went on ftiorc and purchafcd a large quantity of plantaini, and fomr hogi and fowls. The produce of tni:> ifland waa much the fame with that of Ulietea, but it Iccmed to be more barren. We re- ceived the fame compliment from the Indians here, ai wasiifual for them to pay their own kings, which was bv uncovering their ihouldcrs, and wrapping their cfoaths round their bodies. We made fail to the north- ward, and at eight o'clock on the 29th, we were under the high (leaks of Bolabola. We found the ifland inac- ecfllbtc in this pan, and likewife that it was impoflible to weather the foiith end of it till late at night. On the.pth, we difcovered an ifland which Tupia called Maiiiiia, but faid it was fmall, Airrounded by a reef, and without any connmodious harbour, but inhabited, and yielded nearly th* fame produce aa the adjacent iflands. In the middle is a high round hill which may be fcen at eleven or twelve leagues diftance. In the m- tcrnoon, finding ourfelves to windward of Ibme harbour that lay on the weft fide of Ulietea, we intended to put into one of them, in order to ftop a leak which had fprung in the powder-room, and to ukc in fome addi- tional baltaft. The wind being right againd us, we plied on and off till the afternoon otthc firft of Auguft, when wc came to an anchor in the entrance ot the channel, which led into one of the harbours. On Wcdnefduy the 2d, in the morning, when the tide turned, wc came into a proper place for mooring in 28 fathom. Many of the natives came off, and brought hogs, fowls, and plantains, which were pvr- chafra upon very moderate terms. Mr. Banks and Dt. Solandcr went on fliore, and fpent t^ie day very agree- ably! the natives ftiewing them great refpcdl: being condudled to the houfes of the chief people, they founia thofe who had ran haftily before them, ftanding on each fide of a long mat fpread upon the ground, and the fa- miW fittiM at the fanher end ofit. In one houfe they oblcrved (ome very young girls dreflcd in the neateft snatineri who kept their pjaccs waiting for the flrangers head wasdccoraird with a great quaniiiy of plaiiid hair I thi( ornanicni is called Tninou, and is held n great eft imation ain(>ng them She wa» fitting «t the upper end of one of their long mnti, on which none of the people prefcnt prefumed to fei a foot 1 and hrr head was reclined on the arm of « d*;crnt looking wnman, who ap|>earrd to lje hcrnurfii when Mr. Hank* and Dr. Suhinder approachef* her, ftie ftrctchcd ovu her ham! 10 receive Ibi..; bead*, which they pre irntid tn her, with an air of fuch digmiy and ({racclulncrt, .is would h.ive done honour to the lirft princds in liin* rope. In one of the h<- 'fes we were entertained with a dance, different from any we had feen hcfore. 'llx; performer put upon hii head a large pici c of wickcr- •vork, about lour feet lung, of a cylnulrical form, co- vered with feathers, «nd ed^cd round with (liark's teeth. With this hcud-drefs, which ik called n Uhoij. he began to dance with a llnw motion 1 frequently miiv< inghii:head, foas to defcribe a circle uith the top of his wicker cap, »nd fomctimcs throwing it fo near iha faces of the by-ftandcn as to nuke them lump back : this thrv confidercd as an excellent piece uf humour, and it always produced n hearty laugh, when praclii'cd upon any of tnc Englilli grntlcmcn. On Thurfday the 3d, a« Mr. Banks and the iloc- tor were going along the fliorc to the northwaid, with adelign to purchale flock, they met with a company of danccrf, who rctanlcd the progrcfs of tinir cxcurlion. The company was rompod J of fix men and two wo- men dancers, with three drums. Thcv were int'ortnul that thefc dancers were foinc of the pri ( ipal people of the ifland, and though they were ar 1 incra .t troop, they did not, like the flrolling parties u*' Otalv'te, re- ceive any gratuity from the by-llandcrs, The woinia wore a confiderablu quantity of tamuu, nr plai~< ) haii ornamented with flowers of the capc-jcfl'; out cither chat (late or ceremony which we had hi- therto met with among the other chiefs. On Wednefday the 9th, having ftopped a leak, and taken on board a frefli (lock of provifions, we failed out of the harbour. Though we were fevcral leagues diftant from the ifland of Bolabola, Tupia earneftly intrcatcd Captain Cook, that a fliot might be fired to- wards it ; which to gratify him, the capuin complied with. This was fuppofcd to have been intended by Tupia has a mark of his refcniment againfl the inhabi- tants of that place, as they had formerly taken from him large poifcOions which he held in the ifland of Ulietea, of which ifland Tupia was a native, and a fub- ordinate chief, but w.>s driven out by thefe warriors. We had great plenty of provilions, as well of hogs, as of vegetables, during the time we continued in the neighbourhood of thefe iflands, fo that we were not obliged to ufc any confiderable quantity of the fliip's i>rovi(ions, and we had flattered ourfclves, that the bwlsand hogs would have fupplied us with frefli pro- vifions during the courfc of our voyage to the ibuth- ward; but in this we were unhappily difappointed, for as the hogs could not be brought to eat any European grain, or any provender whatever, that the Ihip af- forded, we wci« reduced to thedifagreeable neceflity of killing them immediately on leaving thofe iflands; and the fowls all died of a difeafc in their heads, with which they were feized foon after they had been car- ried on board. Being detained longer at Ulietet in re- (uiring the fliip than we expeded, we did not go on. Ihore at Bolabola ; but after giving the general name of the Society Iflands, to the iflands of Huahcine, UKe- cca, Bolabola, Otaha, and Maurua, which He between the latitudeof i6deg. lomin. and 18 drg. 55 min. fouth, we purfucd our courfe, (landing foutnwardly for an ifland, to which we were diredm) by Tupia, at above too leagues diflanc. This wedilcovered on Sun- d.iy the 13th, and were informed by him, that it waa called Obiterea. On the 14th we flood in for land, and faw fcveral of the inhabitants coming along the (hore. One of the lieutenants was difpatched in the pinnace to found for anchorage, and to obtain what intelligence could be got from the natives concerning any land, that might be nrthcr to the Ibuth. Mt. Basks, Dr. Solander, and Topia, went with the lieutenant in the boat. When they approached the (bore, they obferved, that the In- dians were armed with long lances. A number of thoni were foon drawn together on the beach, and two jumped into the water, endeavouring to pin the boat; but llie foon left them and fome others that had made the fame attempt, far enough behind her. Having Jmiblcd the point where they intended to land, they opened a large bay, and faw another party of the na- livrs (landing at the end of it, armed like thofe whom thry had fecn before. Preparations were then made for landing, on which a canoe full of Indians came off to- wards them. Obf:rving this, Tupia received orders tr).icq dies, but not on their pofleriors. The ifle does noc (hoot up into high peaks like the others that they vi» fited, but is more level and uniform, and divided into fnull hillocks, fome of which are covered with grovec of trees. However, none of thofe bearing the bread fruit were feen, and not many cocoa-trees, but a greit number of thofe called Etoa, were feen on the Tea cofeft of this ifland. Both the nature of their ckMh, and thcit manner of paring it differed in many rcfpcdh fitom what had been obferved in the progrefs of our voyage. All the garments that thefe people wore, were dyed yellow, and painted with a variety of colours on the outfide. One piece formed their whole habit, having a hole in it through which they put their heads. This reached as fiir as their knees, and was tied dofe roond their bodies with a kind of yellowilh fafh. Some of them alfo wore caps of the fame kind, as we have al- ready mentioned, and others bound round their heads a piece of cloth which refembled a turban. On the 1 5th we (ailed from this ifland with a fine breeze ; but on the 1 6th it was hazy, and we bore away for what refembled feveral high peaks of land. The weather clearing up, we were convinced of our miflake, and refumed our courfe accordingly. We faw a comet on the 30th, about four o'clock, which was then about 60 dcg. above the horizon. Land was difcovered at weft by north on Thurfday the 7th of Oilober, and In the morning of the 8th, we came to an anchor cfipo- lite the mouth of a fmall river, not above half a league from the coafl. Capuin Cook, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and fome other gentlemen, having lefl the. pinnace at the mouth of the river, proceeded a little farther up, vrhen we landed, leaving the yawl to the care of fome of our boys, and went up to a fev^ fmall houfes in the neigh- bourhood. Some of the natives that had concealed themfelves in the neighbourhood tookadviintage of oUr abfince fh>ni the boat, and rufhcd out, advancmg and Iffand- v-'^ cook's FIRST VOYAGE'— Ibr making Dijiweries An the SoutASeas flc Round the H^orlJ. 43 '♦windifWing their long wooden lancei. On thu oar boys dropped down the ftream. The cockfwain of the pin- mce then fired a murquetoon over their heads, but « did not prevent fhcm from following the boat, in coh- fequence of which he levelled his piece, and (hot one of them dead on the fpot. Struck widi aftoniflimait at the de«h of their companion, theothera remained ino- tianlefs for fome time, but as foon as they recovered their fright, retreated to the woods with the utmoft pre- cipiution. The re|xjrt of the gun brought the advanced pirty back to the boau,and both the pmnace and yawl returned immediately to the fliip< On the 9th, a great number of the natives were fecn »Kar the place where the gentlemen in the yawl had landed the preceding evening, and the greatell part of them appeared to \x unarmed. The long- boar, pin- nace, and yawl, being mannctl with marines and failors', Capt. Cook, with the reft of the gentlemen, and Tupia, went on (hore, and landed on the oppofitc fide of the river, over againft a fpot where fcvcral Indians were fit- ting on the ground. The& immediately ftartcd up, and began to handle their weapons, each producing either a long pike, or a kind of truncheon, made bf fiow, with a ftring through the handle of it, which they twiftcd round their wrifts. Tupia wasdiredtcd to fpeak to them in his language; and wc were agreeably fur- prized to find that he was well undcrftooii, the natives fpcaliing in his language, though in a different diale(9. Their intentions at hrft appeared to be very hoftile, brandithing their weapons in the ufual threatening manner; upon which a nnufquet was fired at fome dil- tance from them : the ball happened to fall into the water, at which they appeared rather terrified, and de- fitted from their menaces. Having now drawn up the marines, wc advanced nearer to the fide of the river. Tupia. again fpeaking, informed them of our delirc to trafiic with them for provifions: to this they confentcd, provided wc would go over to them to the other fide of the river. Thepro|)ofal was agreed to. upon condition that the natives would quit their weapons; but the inon folemn alTurances of friend^ip could not prevail with them to make fuch a concelfion. Not thinking it prudent, therefore, to crofs the river, we, in our turn, intreated the Indians to come over to us, and after fome time prevailed on one of them to to do. He was prefently followed by feveral others. They did not ap> pear to value the beads and iron which we offered in the way of barter, but propofcd to exchange their wea- pons for ours ; which being objcifled to, they endea- voured feveral times to fnatch our arms from us, but being on our guard, from the information given tis by Tupia that they were ftill our enemies, their attempu were repeatedly fruflrated ; and Tupia, 1^ our direc- tion, gave them to underhand, that any further offers of vmicnce would be punifhed within(;anv death. Otit of them, nevertheiefs, had the audacity to fnatch Mr. Green's, dagger when his back was turned to them, and retiring a few paces, flourifhed it over his head; hut his temerity coir him his life : for Mr. Monkhoufe fired a miifquet loaded with ball, and he inflantly dropped. Soon after, though not before we had dil charged our pieces loaded with fmall fhot on\y, they retreated flowly up the country, and we returned to our hosts. The behaviour of the Indians, added to Our want of frelh water, induced Capt. Cook to continu^ his voyage round the bay, w ith a hope of getting fome of th^ na- tives aboard, that by civil ufagc Tic might cAnvky through them a fevouiahlc idea of us to their country- men, and thereby fettle a good correfpondcnce with them. An event occurred vihich, though attended wirh diragrce.ible circumftanccs, promifcd to facilitate this dcfrnn. Two ranees appeared, making towards land, and Capt. Cook propofcd inrerccptiiig tncm with our boats. One of them got clear olt", but the litdians in the other, finding it inipnflible to efcapc, be^ to attack our people in the boats with their {Huldlei. This compelled the Endeavour's people to fire upon them, when four of the Indians were killed, and the other fhrcp, who were yoting men, jumped into the water. I and endeavoured to iVim to fiioir ; tiicy were, however' taken ^, and conveyed on boiird. At firft theydif- cnvered'all the ligns of fear andtenxr, thinking they (hmild 'bc' killed; but Tupia, by repeated aflUtanccs of friendfliip, removed their ai^prrhenfions, and they . afrerwards eat heartily of the fliip's prnvifions. Hav. ing retired to reft in the evening, they flcpt very quietly for fome ho^trs, but nhout midnight, their fcart re« turning, thev appeared in great agitation, frec|uentlf %nkiiig loua and dtfmal groans. Agaiitthe kind c«- relfes and frieitdly protniM of Tupn operated fb ef« fcdually, that'Chey became calm, and fung a folMf, which at the dead of night had a pbafing cfttAt ' Tltt next nmming, after they were drdfed, acctirding totht mode of their own countiy, and were ornamtnted wiik nedthey ctL prelftd'gteM fariifadiont but finding (he koat «p^ proaching Capuin Coofe'a firft landing- ptaect they in- timntcd that the inhabitaMs were fbtt, Md'ihai i|ftar killing their enemies, they always eat ihein. The-Ca^ tain,« nevertheiefs, judged it expedient t« 'land' tictii the fame fpot, whtcK he accotdingly did with Mr; Banks, I>o£)or Solander, and Tuphk, relnlving-at the fame ciinc to protect the yoituhfrom any injury that might bc of- fered them. Thefe had ' fcarcely departed an their re- turn lO' their friends, when two large partita of 'Indians advanced hai^ily towards thetn, upon which they agaki ficw to us fhr protedion. When the Indians drew near, oneof theboys'difcovercd his uncle among them, and a convcrfation enfued acrofs the river, in which the bof gave a jud account of our hofpitaiily, and took great pains to difplay his finery. A fliort rime after thit converfation, the uncle fwam acrofs the river, bring- ing with him a green bough', a token of (Viendfhipw which wcceceived as fuch, and feveral piiefentiT weic made him. Notwithftandir.g the prefencc of this re- lation, all thiTc of the boys, by their own defire, re- turned to the (hipi but as the Captain intended to fail the next morning, he fent them alhore in the evening, though muck againft their inclination. The names of thefe boys were Toahowrange, Koikerange, and Ma- ragovete. They informed us of a particular kind of deer upon the ifland, and that there were likewife tares, capers^ roifiara. yams, a kind of long pepper, bald cootc, and black birds. On the nth, at fix o'clock in the morning, we weighed, and fct fail, in hopes of finding a better an- choring place, Cajpt. Cook having given the bay (called by the natives Toaneora) the name of Pbverty Bay ; and the fb«th-wcfl point he called Young flick's Head, •n account of its firft having been perceived by a lad Oft board, named Nicholas Young. In the afternoon we were becalmed ; and feveral canoes full of Indians came ofF from the (hore, who received many prefcntf, and afterwards bartered even their cloaths, and fome of their paddles, io eager were they to be pofleiTedcf European commodities. A fingle tree fohned the bottom of their canoes, and the upper part confided of two planks fewed together; thefe were pa'mtcd red, reprcfeniing many uncommon figures, and very curt- oufly wro«ight. The Indians were armed with blud- geons, made of wood, and of the bone of a large ani- mal: they called them PatOo-Patoo; and the/ weit well contrived for clofc fighting. Having finilhed their traffic, they fct off in futrh a hurry, that they torgot three of their companions, who remained on board all night. Tlicfc teftified their feart and apprclienfions, notwiihftanding Tupia took gicat puiiM to convince them they were nt no danger; ahd about fcvtrn o'cUick the next morning a canoe came off, with four Indians on board. It was at firft with diffi- culty the Indian» in the Ihip could prevail on thofe in the canoe to come near thcni, and not till after the former had aifurcd them, that the Englifh did noteflt men. The thief came on board, whdfe face Was tat- taowed, with a remarkable pitou in his hand, and in this canoe the three Indi.iiis left the Ihip. Capt. Cook give the name of Cape Table to a point of land about ven leagues to the fouth of Poverty B?y : jxs figui^ greatly • "it* -1 ■11 \ ; I 1'. u . * < I k t il !' i- 44 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES CO M p L E T4 E; ^•.HKtJ 1. greatly refcinbling a table; and the ifland, called by the nativet Teahowry, he named Portland Ifland, it br- ing very fimilar to that of the fame nanw in the Britifh Channel. It Is joined to the main by a chain of rocks nearly a mile in length, partly above water. There are feveral (hoali, called fliamblcs, about three milei to the north-eaft of PortJand, one of which the Endeavour narrowly efcaped; there is, however, a pairage between them with twenty fathom water. Some paru of Port- land Ifland. at well as the ^in, were cultivated i and pumiee (tone in fpnat quantitici lyingalottg the fliorc, within the bay, mdicatcd that there was a volcano in the ifland. High palings upon the ridges of hills were alfo vifible in two places, wnich were juc^^d to be dc- figncd for religious purpofes. Oq Che 1 3th, feveral Indians came dT in a canoe; dicy were disfigured in a itrange manner, danced and fang, and at timet appeared to be peaceably inclined, but at oihen to menace hostilities. Notwithflanding Tupia Ihonsly invited them to come on board, none of uiem Would quit the canoe. Whilft the Endeavour wat getting dear of the (hambla. five canoea full of Indiant tame off. and fecmed to threaten the people ' on board, by brandifliing their lancet, and other hoQile geflurci. A four-pounder, loaded with grape.fliot, was therefore ordered to-be fired, but not pointed at them, lliit had thedefired clfeik, and made them drop aliern. Two more canoes came off whilfl the Endeavour lay at anchor, but the Indians on bnard behaved very peacea- bly and quiet, and received feveral prefcnts, but would not come on board. On Friday, the 13th, in the morning, we made for an inlet, but finding it not Ihcltered flomi out again, and were chaced by a canoe filled with Indians, but the Endeavour out-failed them. She purfued her coutfe round the bay. but did not find an opening. The next morning we had a view of the inland country. It was mountainous, and covered with fnow in the interior parts, but the land towards the Tea, was flat and uncul- tivated, and in many places there were groves of high trees. Nine canoes full of Indians came from the fhore, and five of them, after having confulted toge- ther, purfued :he Etideavour, apparently with a holfile deflgn. Tupia was defircd to acquaint them, that im- mediate deftrudion would enfue if they perfevered in their attempts ; but words had no influence, and a four- pounder, with grapc-fhot. was fired, to give them fome notion of the arms of their opponents. They were ter- rified at this kind of reafoning. and paddled away fafler than they came. Tupia then hailed the fugitives, and acquainted them that if they came in a peaceable man- ner, and left their arms behind, no annoyance would be oflered them ; one of the canoes fubmitting to the terms, came along-fide the fhip, and received manv pre- fcntst but the other canoes returning, and perfiflii^ in the fame menacing behaviour, interrupted thit friendly intercourfe. On the 15 th, we were vifited by fomc fifliing-boats, the people in which conduced thcmfelves in an amica- l(le manner. Though the iifh which they had on board hiad been caught (0 long that they were not eauble, Oqx. Cook purehafcd them merely for the lake of pro- moting a ttwic with the natives. In the afternoon a ca- noe with a number of armed Indians came up, and one ^fthcm, who was remarkably cloathed with a blackfkin. found means to defraud the Capuin of a piece of red baize, under pretence of bartering the fkin he had on ibr it. As Coon as he had got the baize into his pof- tetTwn, inflead of giving the fkin in retum, agreeable to his bargain, he rolled them up together, and or- dered the canoe to put ofl' from the fhip, turning a deaf ear to the repeated retnoitflrancc of the Captain againfl his unjufl behaviour. Aftera fliort time, thiscanoe, to- gether with the fifliing-boats which had put off at the fimie time, came back to the fhip. and trade was again begun. During this knond traflic with the Indians, one of them uncxpciffcdly fcizcd Tupia's little boy. Taiyota. and pulling him into his canoe, inflantly put oft, and paddled away with the utmofl fpeedj feveral niufqucts were imincdiatcly difcharged at the people in he canoe, and one of them receiving a wouml. they alf iZrL^a'^"'^' >^'>",» '«'""8 'he advantage of their conlleination. immediately jumped into the ( I t 1 '.V 4 ■ '4 \ ■ *-ii ?■ i t 3 w. ;r tl^f; ■ ^1' M I In fl' !•'> i.J. 4^' • Mm -. ■,M^s. J'li'l! ' ■ '<■ .^4. ■ - \ . ' M"»- ■' - ' ' »■■ ' rf,' X y COOK'S FIRS1 1— for making utjcovertet promife. that ihcy (hould receive no injury, if they of- fered none to us. In the ■fternoon the chief* returned j and towards the evening we went on (horc, accom- panied by the Captain, Dr. Solander. and Mr. mnks. We were courteoufly received by the inhabitants, who did not appear in numerous bodies, and in other in- ftances were fcnipuloufly attentive not to give oRcnce. We made them feveral ftnall prefents, and in this agreeable tour round the bay, we had the pleafure of finding two ftreams of frelh water. We remained on fliore all nioht. and the next day Mr. Banks and Ur. Sdlandcr difcovercd feveral birds, among which were nuails and large pigeons. Many ftagei for drying filh were obferved near where we landed, and fome houfet with fences. We faw dogs with pointed ears, and very ugly. Sweet potatoes, like thofc which grow in Ame- rica, were found. The cloth.plant grew fpontancous. In the neighbouring valleys, the lands were laid out in regular plantations ; and in the bay we caught plenty of crabs, cray-fifli, and horfc-mackarcl, larger than thofe upon the Englifti coafts. The low lands were planted with cocoas ; the hollows with gourds; but as to the woods, they were almoft ImpaflTaDle, on account of the number of fupplc-jacks which grew there. We went into feveral of the houfcs belonging to the natives, and met with a very civil reception ; and, without the Icaft referve, they (hewed us whatever we defired to ice. At times we found them at their meals, which our prefcnce never inierrupted. At this feafon, fifh conflituted their chief food ; with which they eat, in- ftead of bread, roots of a kind of fern \ thefe, when roaded upon a fire, are fweet and clammy ; in tafte not difagrceable, though rather unpleafant from the num- ber of their fibres. They have doubtleft in other fcnfons of the year, an abundance of excellent ve- getables. The women of this place paint their faces with a mix- ture of red ochre and oil, which, as they are very plain, renders them in appearance more homely. This kind of daubing being generally wet upon their checks, and foreheads, wtis cauly transferred to thofe who faluted them, as was frequently vifibic upon the nofes of our people. The young ones, who were complete coquets, wore a petticoat, under which was a girdle, made of the blades of grafs, firongly perfumed, to which was pendant a fmall bunch of the leaves of fbme fragrant plant. The faces of the men were not in general painted ; but they were daubed with dry red ochre from head to foot, their apparel not excepted. Though in perfonal cleanlinefs they were not equal to our friends at Otaheite, yet in fome particulars they furpafled them ; for their dwellings were furniflied with privies, and they had dunghills, upon which their offals and filth were depofited. Among the females, chafiity was lightly cfteemed. They reforted frequently to the watering- place, where they freely bellowed every favour that was requefied. An officer meeting with an elderly woman, he accompanied her to her houfe, and having pre- fented her with fnme cloth and beads, a young girl was Tingled out, with whom he was given tounderlland he might retire. Soon after, an elderly man, with two women, came in as vifitors. who with much formality faluted the whole company, after the cuftom of the place, which is by gently joining the tips of their nofes together. On his return, which was on Saturday, the af fi, he was furnifhcd with a guide, who, whenever they came to a brook or rivulet, took him on hii back, to prevent his being wet. Many of the natives were cu- rioufiy tattaowed, an old man in particular, was marked on the breaft with curious figures. One of them had an axe made ofthe green fione, which we could not pur- chafe, though fundry things were offered in exchange. Thefe Indians at night dance in a very uncouth manner, with antic geftures, lolling out their tongues, and mak. ing ftrangc grimaces. In their dances, old men as well as the young ones, are capital performers. In the evening, Mr. Banks, being apprchenfive that we might be left on (bore after it was dark, applied to the Indians for one of their canoes to convey ua en board the (hip. This they granted with an obligimt No. J. manner. We were eight in number, and not being ufed to a veflcl that required a nice balance, we overlet her in the furf. No.^^e however was drowned, but it was concludedj u prevent a iimilar accident, that half our number Ihoulu go at one time. Mr. Banks, Dr. So- lander, Tupia, .and Taiyota, were the firll party who embarked again, and arrived fafe at the fliip, as did the remainder of our company, all not a little pleafcd with the good nature of our Indian friends, who chearfuily , contributed their afTillancc upon our fccond tiip. Du> ' ring our flay on fliore, feveral of them went out in their canoes, and trafficked with the fliips company. At (iril they preferred the cloth of Otaheite to that of Europe, but in the courfe of a day it dccrcafed in its value five hundred per cent. Thefe people cxprefTcd ftrong marks of slnonifnment, when fliewn the bsrk and her appara- tus. This bay, which we now detcnnined to quit, the natives call I'egadoo, and it is fituatcd in 38 deg. 10 min. fouth latitude. On the 32d, in the evening, being Sunday, we weighed anchor and put to fea. but the wind being contrary we flood for another bay a little to the fouth, called bv the natives Tolaga, in order to complete our wood and wa- ter, and to extend our corrcfpondence with the natives. In this bay we came to an anchor, in about eleven fa- thom water, with a good (andy bottom, the north point of the bay bearing north by eafl, and the fouth point fouth eafl. Wc found a watering-place in a fmall cove a little within the fouth point of the bay, which bore fouth by eafl, diflant about a mile. Several canoes with Indians on board, trafficked with us very fairly for glafs bottles. On Monday, the 33d, in the afternoon, we went on fliore, accompanied by Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and the Captain. V\'e examined and found the water ex* tremcly good ; alfo plenty of wood ; and the natives (hewed us as much civility aM thofe from whom we had lately departed. At this watcring>place we fet up an aflronomical quadrant, and look feveral folar and lu- nary obfervations. In the morning of the 34th, Mr. Gore and the marines were fent on (hore to guard the people employed in cutting wood and filling the calks with water. Captain Cook, Mr. Banks, and the do^or, alfo went on (hore : the latter were empk)yed in colleding plants. In our walks through the vales, we faw many houfcs uninhabited, the natives refiding chiefly in (heds, on the ridges of the hills, which are very line, their ryes dark coloured, their hair black, which is tied upon the top of their heads, and the mens beards •reof a moderate length. Their tattaowing is done very curioufly, in various figures, which makes their (kin re. fcmble carving t it is confined to the principal men, the females and fervants ufmg only red paint, with which they daub their faces, that otherwife would not be difagreeable. Their cloth is white, glofTy, and very even ; It is worn principally by the men, though it is wrought by the women, who, indeed, arc condemned to all drudgery and labour. On the 25th, we fet up the armourers forge on (here for necclTary ufcs, and got our wood and water without the lead molrllacion from the natives, with whom we exchanged ginfs bottles and beads for different forts of fifli. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander went again in fcarch of plants; Tupia, who was with them, engaged in a con- verfation with one of the priefts, and they fcemed to a^rec in their opinions upon the fubjcdl of religion. Tu- pia, in the courfe of this conference, enquired whether the report of their eating men was founded in truth t to which the priel^ anfwercd, it was; but that they eat none but declared foes, after they were killed in war. This idea, fo favage and barbarous, proved, how- ever, that they carried their refentment even beyond death. On the 27th, Captain Cook and Dr. Solander went to infped the bay, when the do>flor was not a little fur- prifed to find the natives in the pofTeflton of a boy's top, which they knew how to fpin by whipping it, and he purchafed it out of curioilty. Mr. Banks was during this time employed in attaining the fummit of a deep hill, that had previoufly engaged their attention, and near it he found many inhabited houfes. There were two rows of poles, about fourteen or fifteen feet high, covered over with (licks, which made an avenue of about five feet in width, extending near a hundred yards down the hill, in an irregular line : the intent of this eredhon was not difcovcred. When the gentlemen met at the watering place, the Indians fan^ their war fong, which was a (titange medley of (houting. (ighing, and grimace, at which the women alTil^cd. The next day, Capt. Cook and other gentlemen went upon the ifland at the entrance of the bay, and met with a canoe that was 67 feet in length, fix in breadth, and four in-hcight ; her bottom, which was (harp, confifted of three trunks of trees, and the fides and head were curioufly carved. •• We alfo came to a large unfinilhed houfe. The pBfts which fupporred it were ornamemed with carvingi, that did not appear to be done upon the fpot, and as the inhabitants feem to fct great value upon work's of this kind, future navigators might find their advan- tage in carrying fuch articles to trade with. Though the pofts of this houTc were judged ro be brought here, the people feemed to have a tafte for carving, as their boats, paddles, and tops of walking-flicks evince. Their favourite figure is a volute, or Ipiral, which is fomctimes fingle, double, and triple, and is done with great cxaL'lnel's, though the only inftruments we faw, were an axe made of (tone, and a chiflel. Their tafle, however, is extremely whimfical and extravagant, fcarccly ever imitating nature. Their huts are built under trees, their form is an oblong fquare ; the door low on the tide, and the windows are at the ends ; reeds covered with thatch compofe the walls; the beams of the eaves, which come to the ground, are covered with thatch; mofl of the houfes had been deferred, through fear of the Engli(h,upon their landing. There arc many beautiful parrots, and great numbers of birds of diflerent kinds, particularly one whofe note refem- hlcs the European black-bird ; but here is no ground- fowl, or poultry, nor any quadrupeds, except rats and dogs, ana thefi: were not numerous. The dogs are conlidcred as delicate food, and their (kins fcrve for ornaments to their apparel. There is a great variety of tifli in the bay, fhrll nnd rray-fifh are viry plentiful, fome of the latter weigh near 1 2 pounds. Sumlay, October the 29th, wc lit fail from this bay. It is (ituate in latitude ^» dcg. 22 inin. fouth, four leagues to the north of (J.ibic End lonlanil; there are two high rocks at the entr.mce of the bay, whu h form a cove very good for procuring \»«h1 and «;\tcr. There is a high rotky illand off the north point ot the bav, which affords good anchorage, having; a fine faiuiy bottom, and from fcven to thirteen fathom water, and is likewife fheltered from all but the north-ialf wind. We obtained nothing here in trade but fomc Iwcct po- tatoes, and a little filli. This is a very hilly country, though it prefents the eye with an agniablc verdure, various woods, and many fniall plaiuations. Mr. Uanks found a great number of trees in the wcwls, quite un- known to Europeans, the frrc-wood reli mliKil the nia- plc-trce, and produced a gum of whitilh colour; other trees yielded a gum of a deep yellow green. Tht 01, 'v roots were yams and fweet potatoes, th()U};h the loil appears very proper lor producing every fpccies of ve- getables. On Monday, the 30th, fiuling to the northwanl, we fell in with a fmall iiland about a luile dillant troin the north-eal\ jioint of the main, and this being the moll eaflcrn part of it, the Captain named it Eill Cape, and the ifland Eall Ifland ; it was but fmall, and appeared barren. The cape is in latitude 37 dc^. ^2 niin. 30 fee. fouth. There are many fmall bays Ikhh ri)l.\ga Bay to Eafl Cape. I laving doubled the cipe, many villages picfented themfclves to view, ami the adja- cent land appeared cultivated. In the evening of the 30th, iaeutenant Hicks difcovcred a bay, to which his name was given. Next morning, about nine, fevcral canoes came off from ihore with a number of armed men, who appeared to have hoflilc intentions. Ikfore thefe had reached the (hip, another canoe, larger than any that had yet been feefl, full of armed Indians, came off, and made towards the Endeavour with great ex- pedition. The Captain now judging it expedient to prevent, if polliblc, their attacking him, ordered a gun to be firc»f over their heads. This not producing the defired elfedJ, another gun was fired with ball, which threw them into fuch conflcrnation, that they imme- diately returned much faflcr than they came. This precipitate retreat, induced the Captain to give the cape, off which it happened, the name of Cape Runaway; it lies in latitude 37 drg. 32 min. fouth, and longitude 181 deg. 48 min. wclf. On ttie 31ft, we found that the land, which during this day's run appeared like an ifland, was one, and wc haiVtcd the fame White Ifland. On the I ft of November, at day-break, not lefs than between 40 and 50 canoes were feen, fevcral of whicli came off as before, threatci>ing to attack the Enslifli. One of their chiefs Houriflied his pike, and made fe- vcral harangues, feeming to hid defiance to thole on board the vcffel. At lafl, after repeated invitations, they came clofe along-fide : but inftead of {hewing a difpofitibn to trade, the haranguing chief uttered a. fentence, and took up a ftone, which he threw againft the fhip, and immediately after they fcized their arms. They were informed by Tupia, of the dreadful confc- quences of commencing hoftilities; but this admoni- tion they fecnied little to regard. A piece of cloth, however, happening to attract their eyes, they began to be more mild and reafonablc. A quantity of c-'-.y- fi(h, mufcles, and conger-eels was now purchafed. No fraud was attempted by this company of Indians, but fome others that came after them, took wxkI' irom the veffel, without making proper returns. As one of them that had rendered himfelf remarkable for thefe prac- tices, and ftemed phjud of his fkill in them, was put- ting off with his Canoe, a mufquet was fired over his head, which circumftance produced good order for the ptefent. Yet when thefe favages b^an to traffic with the failors, they renewed their frauds; and one of them was bbld enouj^ to Teize fome linen that was huiig to dry, and Wn tway with U. la order to induce 4iim t» ■ return, 1-1^ COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE — for making Dijhvtries in tlic South Sen & Round tlic IVor/J. 47 '» than whirh ingllDi. de fc. hoi'e on cation*, wing a tcrcd a again(( arms, confc- Inioni- cloth, began No I, but m the f them prac- * put- cr hia or the with them ingto lim ra eturn. Kturn, a mufquet was firft fired over hi* head, but thii not anfwerinR the end, he was (hot in the back with fmaii ftiot, yet he ftili perfcvcrcil in hi* dclign. This being perceived by his countrymen, they dropixcl a-rtern, and fct up the lona of defiance. In coniequcncc of their behaviour, though they made no preparation* to attack the veflcl, the captain gave orders to fire a linir pounder, which pafled over ihcm ; but its effei'l on the water terrified them fo much, that they retreated with precipitation to the fliore. In the afternoon, about two o'clock, we dikovercd a pretty high ifland to the weftward. Some time after perceiving other rocks and ifland* in the fame »iuartcr, but not being able to weather them before night came on, we bore up between them and the main land. In the evening a doublccanoc, built after the fame fafliion a* thofe of Otahcitc, came up, when Tupia rnttrcd into a friendly convcrfat ion with the Indians, and was told that the ifland, clofc to which we lay, was calliil Mowtohoru. It was but a few miles from the main land, pretty high, but of no great extent. V\ c ima- gined the difpofition of the Indians, from their talk with Tupia, to be in our favour, but, when it was dark they bcganthcirufualfjiute, by pouring a volley of floncs into the fliip and then retreated. South-weft by weft of thi* ifland, upon the main land, and in the center of a large plain, is a high circular moimtain, to which we gave the name of Mount Edgccumbc. It is very con- fpicuoui,and is featcd inl-ititudej? deg. 59 min. lon- gitude 193 deg. 7 min. The next morning, being the and, gL number of ca- noes appeared, and one, which proved to be the fame that had pelted us the night before, came up. After converfing with Tupia, and behaving peaceably about an hour, they complimented us with another volley of Rones. Wc returned the falutc by firing a muiket, which made them inftantly take to their paddles. Be- tween ten and eleven we failed between a low flat ifland and the main land. The laft appeared to be of a mo- derate height, but level, full of plantations and vil- lages. The villages were upon the high land next the fca, more extenfive than any wc had feen, and fur- rounded by a ditch, and a bank with rails on the top of it. There were fome inclofurcs that relembled forts, and the whole had the appearance of places calculated for defence. On the 3d, wc pafled the night near a fmall ifland, which Capt. Cook named the Mayor; and at feven in the morning, diflant from hence about fix leagues, we difcovered a cluflcr of finall iflands, which wc called the Court of Aldermen. Thefe were twelve miles from the main, between which were other fmall iflands, moflly barren, but very high. The afpedl of the main land was now much changed, the foil appearing to be barren, and the country very thinly inhabited. The chief who governed thediftridl from Cape Turnagain to this coaft was named Teratu. In the afternoon three canoes, built diflerently from thofe already men- tioned, came along-fide the Endeavour. They were formed of the trunks of whole trees, rendered hollow by burning ; but they were not carved, nor in any man- ner ornnmcnted. We now failed towards an inlet that had been difcovered, and having anchored in feven fa- thom water, the (hip was foon furrounded by a num- ber of canoes, and the people on board them did not feem difpofed for fome time to commit any ads of hof- tility. A bird being fliot by one of our crew, fome In- dians, without fliewing any furprife, brought it on board ; and for their civility the captain gave them a |)iece of cloth. But this favour operated upon them in a dirtlrent manner than was expcded; for when it was dark, they begun a fong of defiance, and endea- voured to carry oft the buoy of the anchor; and not- withflanding fome mufquets were fired at them, they feemed rather to be irritated than frightened. They even threatened to return the next morning; but on Sunday night eleven of them were to be feen, and thefe retired when they found the (hip's crew were upon their ]j|tiaid. On the 4th at day break no left than twelve canoes made their .ippcarance, containing near two hundicil men, armed with fpears. lances, and ft()ni'»,wl«)frrnicil de(ci mined to attack the fliip, and would have hoard- ed her, had they known on what qii.irtcr thry could hilt have mide their attack. While they were pmlj- ling round her, which kept the crew upon the wauh in the rain, lupia, at the requeftof the (■ai)ram, uicd a nun. her of dilluative arguments, to prevent their carrying their apparent deligns into cxcruiion 1 but we could only pacify tluin by the lire ot our muiket* 1 they then laidalide their hollile inteniioni, and l>eg.ui to trade; yet they cmild not ictrain Iroin iheir fraudu- lent praClices ; for after they had l.iuiy bartered two of their weapons, they wou'd not deliver up a third, for which they had received eiolh, and aratlclcil on any other narti of the coaft. liarly in the mornins of the 9th the Imliani brought in their camKi a proaigiout quantity of markrel, ol which one fort were exadlv the fame with thofc raught in England. They fold tncin at a low rate, and inev were not lefs wekomc to ui on that aicoimt. Thcfc canoei were fiiccreded by other* equally loadrd with the fame fort of fiflj; and the cargoes piirrhafcd were fo great, that every one of the lliip'i cotni>any who could get fait, cured ai many as would fervc hiin for a month'* provilion. The Indian* frequently refort to the bay in partie* to gather thell-fifl), of whiih it af- fiirds an increiiible p^nty. Indeed vvherevcr we went, whether on the hilli, or through the vales, in the \v(xhI» oron the plain*, wcfaw many waggon loadx of IIicIIh in heaps, fomc of which appeared freHi, others very old. This beinr a verv clear day, Mr. Green, the aftro- nomer, landed with other gentlemen to obfcrve the tranfit of Mercury. The obfervation of the ingrcfi wai made by Mr. Green alone, and Capt. {'o<»k took the fun'* altitude to afcertain the time. While the olv fervation wa* making, a canoe, with various contmo- ditie* on board, c, .c along-fide the lliipj and Mr. le poyinp; thcin wt •ttcntion, they threw a volliy of lloneii, and tlicn iimX- dlcd a«ay t however they orrfcntly returned their inliilts. Tii|)U Ipokc to them, making ufeot hiiohi nrnuMunts, that iiu'vitahlcdcllriidion would cnfuc il thry pvrliltcdi they anrwcrcd by hrandilhnig their wca(Kinx, iiiliinat- ing, th.it it the I'inulifli durrt (dine on Ihorc, they WMulildcllroy thc'iii all. Tupia tliil cnntiiiunl in ex- poHulating with them, but tu no pur|M)rci and they fuuii Kave another volley uf noncit nut u)H>n a tnul- quet being I'lrcd at one of their boats, they made a pre- cipitate retreat. VVr call aiK°hor in ],{ fathom water in the evening, and early the next morning failed uu an inlet. Soon alter two canoei ramc off, and luuie of the Indians came on board: they kncwTojava very well, and called Tupia by his name. Having received from IIS foiiic prefcnts.they retired peaceably, and apparently highly gratified. On Monday the 20th, after having run five leagues from the place where we had anchored the night he. fore, we came to anchor in a bay called by the natives Ooahaouragcc. Capt. Cook, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solandcr, and others fcr ntf in the pinnace to examine the bottom of the bay, and found the inlet end of a river, about nine miles above the fliin. We entered into the fame with the firft ol the. flood, and before we had proccedcil three miles, the water was pcrfedUy frcfl). Here we faw an Indian town, built upon a fmall dry fand-bank, and entirely furroundcd oy a deep mud ; the inhabitant! of which with much cordiality invited us to land, and gave us a niort friendly reception. Wc were now fourteen miles up the river, and finding little alteration in the face of the country, we landed on the wi-n tide to examine the lofty trcca which adorned its b.mks, and were of a kind that wc had not fcen before. At the entrance of a wood wc met with one ninety- eight feet high from the ground, ijuite l^rait, and nine- teen feet in circumference; and as we advanced wc found others Itill larger. The wood of thcfc trees is very heavy, not lit lor marts, but would make exceeding fine planks. Our carpenter, who was with us, obfcrv- cd, that the timhcr icfenibled that of the pitch pine which is lightened by tapping. There were alfo trees of other kinds, .-ill unknown to us, fpecimens of which wc brought away. Wc rcimbarked about three o'clock with the lirrt of the ebb, and Capt. Cook gave to the liver the name of Thames, it having a refcmblance to the river of that name in Ftingland. It is not fo deep, but it is as broad as the Thames is at Greenwich, and the tide of flood ii as (Irong. On the evening of the aift we reached the (hip, all extremely tired, but happy at being on board. On tnc lid, early in the morning, wc made fail, and kept plying till the Hood obliged us once more to come to an anchor. The Captain and Dr. Solandcr went on fliorc to the well, but made no ohfcrvations worth relating. After thcfc gentlemen departed, the fliip was furroundcd with canoes, which kept Mr. Banks on board, that he might trade with the Indians, who bartered their arms and cloaths for paper, taking no unfair advantages. But though they were in ge- neral honcft in their dealings, one of them took a fancy to .1 half minute glafs, and being detected in fe- creting the fame, it was refolved to give him a fmatch of the cat.o'ninc-tails. The Indians interfered to ftop the current of jufticc; but being op|M>fcd they got their arms from their canoes, and fomc of the people In them attempted to get on board. Mr. Banks and Tupia now coming upon deck, the Indians applied to Tupu, who informed thcirt of the nature of^ihe of- fender'! intended punifhment, and that he had no in- fluence over Mr. Hicki, the commanding officer. They appeared fatisficd, and the criminal received not only • dozen, but afterwards a good drubbing from an old man. who wa! thought to be hii father. The canoes iminediately went off, the Indiana faying, thry fliould 6e afraid to return again on board. Tupia, however, brought them back, but they fccmed to have loft that No. %, conlidence which thry bclorv ri'|N)rcd in us. Their Day was (hori, aiul afur tlicir de|>arturc we law ihrni not again, ihuiigh they hail ptoniil'ed to return with fonie hill. Ontheijd, the weather fliU continuing unfavour- able, and the wtiuUontrary, wc kept plying down the river, anchoring between the tidcsi and at the north- welt extremity of the Thames, we palfcd a point of land which the captain called Point Rodney 1 and ano- ther, at the north-eall extremity, when we entered the bav, he n.tnicd Ciipc Colville, in honour uf Lord CktU villc. Nut being able to approach land, wc had but a dirtant view of tnc main lor a courfc of near thirty miles. Under the name uf the river Thames, the cap- tain coinprcheaded the whole bay. CafX Colville is lo be dirtinguilhed by a high rock, and lies in 36 dco. 36 inin. of louth latitude, and 194 deg. 77 min. wclVlon- S'tudc. The Thames runs fouth by cafl from the fou* crn point of the cape. In fome parts it is three leagues over, fur about fourteen leagues, after which it become! narrower. In fome parts of the bay the water is a6 fathoms decpi the depth diniinifliciura* dually, and in general the anchorage is good. To (omc illands that flielter it from the fea Captain Cook gave the name of Barrier Illands i they ftteich north-weft and fouth-eafl ten leagues. The country feetned to b« thinly inhabited) the natives arc well made. ftrong,and aAivei their bodies arc painted with red ochre, and their canoes, which are well conftruded, were orna< mcntrd with carved work. On the 34ih, we continued fteering along the Oiore between the iflands and the main; and in the evening anchored in an open bay, in about fourteen fathom water. Here wc caught a large number of fifli of the fcicnne, or bream kiiM, enougli to fupply the whole fliip'i company with provifion for two days. From our fucccfs Capt. Cook named this place Bream Bay, and the extreme points at the north end of the bay \\t called Bream Head. Several pointed rocks Hand in a range upon the top of it, and fome fmall iflands which lie before it were called the Hen and Chickens. It is fitiiatcd in latitude 35 dee. 46 min. feventeen leagues north-weft of Cape Colville. There is an extent of land, of about thirty miles, between Point Rodney and Bream Head, wpody and low. No iahabitants were vi- fiblci but from the fires perceived at night, wc con- cluded it was inhabited. On the ajth. early in the morning, we left the bay, and continued our c )urre ftowly to the northward; at noon our latitude was 36 deg. 36 min. fouth, and wc faw fomc illands which wc named the Poor Knights, at north-eaft by north, diftant three Ic.-igues 1 the northcrn- nuift land in figli bore N. N. W. we were now at the diflance of two 11. Ics from the fliorc, and had twenty-fix fathom water. Upon the iflands were a few towns that appeared fortified, and the land round them fcemed well inhabited. On the a6th, towards night, fcvcn large canoes came off to us, with about two hundred rhen. Some of the Indians came on board, and let us know, that they had an account of our arrival. Thele were followed by two larger canoes, adorned with carving. Thcln. dians, alter having held a conference, came a-long fide of the veflcl. They were armed with varioui weapons and feciaed to be of the higher order. Their patoo.pa- toos were made of Odnc and whale-bonc, ornamented with dog's hair, and were held in high eftimation. ITicir complexion was darker than that of tbofe to the fouth, and their faces were flaincd with amoco They were given to pilfering, of which one of them gave an inlfance pretending to barter a piece of talc, wrought into the Ihapcof anaxr, for a piece of cloth, nor was he difpofcd to fulfil his agreement, till we compelled him to do It, by firing a mufquct over his head, which brought him back to the ftiip, and he returned t! c cloth. At three in the afternoon we paflcd a remark- able hiKh point of land, bearing weft, and it was called Cape Brett, in honour of Sir Picrry Brett. At the point of this cape is ■ round high hillock, and noith-caft by north, diftant about a mjlo^ is a cui ious arched rock " liki I'lj ,1'. I I «f C () M r L K T L. \ I' h ^ ! 1 I i i' like that «hkh h« been already tJcftribed. This cape, or at leart part of ir, it called by the nativei Moiugo^o, and Ilea in jj dc^. lo niin. 30 fee. fouth latitude, and in 1 85 deg. j j mm. weft longitude. To the fouth-weft by weft ii a bay, in which in many finall idandi, and the point at the north-well entrance the Captain named I'oiiit I'ucocke. There are manv villagea on the main as well ai on the iflamU, which appeared well inha- bited, and feveral ranoci filled witn Indiana made to the ftiip, and in the courfe of bartering, ftiewed the fame inclination to defriud aj their neignhouri. Thefe Indian! were ftronp; and well proportioned 1 their hair black, and tied up in a bunch flur k with feathen: their chiefs h.id garments made of fine cloth, decorated with dup't-fkim >ind they were tattaowcd like thore who had laft appeared. On the 17th, at eight in the morning, we found our- felvea within a mile of many fmall iflands, laying clofe under the main, at the diftance of twenty-two miles from Cape Brett. Here we lay about two hours, during which time feveral canoes came ofT from the iftands, which we called Cavalles, the nanieof fome fifti which we purclufed of the Indians. Thefe people were very infolent, u(ing many frantic gefturcs, and pelting ui witn ftones. Nor did they give over their infults, till fome fi«all ftiot hit one who had a ftone in his ham^ A ge- neral terror w^s now rprca, were now guilty of trefp.iftl's equally icpre- henfible, having forced into fonie of the plantations, and dug up 'potatoes. The Captain, upon this occa- fion, ftiewed ftri>;i juftice in puniftiing each of the of- fenders with twelve lafties: one of them being very re- fraiflory upon this occafion, and complainingof^thc liard- fhip, thinking an Kngliftiman had a right to plunder an Indian with impunity, received fix additional lafliei for his reward. On the 30th, it being a dead calm, two boats were fent to found the harbour j when many canoes came up and traded with great probity; the gentlemen went again onfliore, and met with a vet) civil reception from the natives: and this friendly intcrcourfetontinucd all the time they remained in the bay, which was feveral days. Being upon a vifit to the old chief, he ftiewed them the inftrumcnts ufed in tattaowing, which were very like thofc employed at Otahcitc upon the like oc- cafion. They faw the man who had been wounded by the ball, when the attempt was made to carry oflfthe ftiip's buoy ; and though it had gone through the fleftiy part of his arm, it did not fecm to give him the Icaft pain or uneafinefs. OnTuefday, the jth of December, in the morning, wc weighed anchor, but were foon becalmed, and a ftrong current fetting towards the ftiore, we were driven in with fuch rapidity, that we expetled evert moment to be run upon the breakers, which appeared above water not more than a cable's length diftance, and we were fo near the land, that Tupw, who was to^ tally ignorant of the danger, held a converfation with the Indians, who were llanding on the beach. We werehappilyrelicved.howcvcr.fioinlhisaltfmingfitua. '^^ ' tion. ...»-^ c COOK'» FIRST VOYAOE—for miking Difi oitrki in the South St-./t ^c Rniiiul t!ic H'^t/,1. 5' mc up went n rrom ucd all fcveral lliewcd were kc ce- ded by off* the rHeihy c Icau >rning, and a were every pcared Unee, Iras to- with We tton. tion by a frcHi biffw fuiUni'v ('|>rii)ninK "P If"!" '•'« Ihorc. The bay whu h .»t had lilt w^i . illal the lUy of inaivt«,on a< count ot the numerous iiUiul* it (uiitain«i we cawnht but few lilb while xvc U> there, but |>rco|)le did nm iipjiear to be unilir the govern- ■lent ot any jwrtituUr chief or fovrreinn, and they feemed to liveina perfc(?t ftate of friemllliip, notwith- flanilinp their village* «ere fortilinl. Accordina to their obfcrvationn uprtn the tiilrs, the Hood come* from the fouth, ami thrre in a current from the weft. f)n the 7th of IXrember, being Thurfilay, feveral obfervationt of the fun and moon were made, where- by we found our latitudr to he 1 8? deg. ,\(> min. weft. In the afternoon we were clofe umler the Cavallci. Sr- veral laniKi put olV ami followed the I'ndcavour, Init a lifjht bree7.e fpringingup, we did not wait for them, I'hc next morning, iKing the gth, at ten o'cliKk wc tatkcd and ftood in for the flinre, from whiih wi wire diltant nearly fix leaguen. F)y day-light on the qth we were in with the land, about fcven league* to the weltward of the Cavaliesi and foon after came to a deep bay, which wai named Doubtiefi Bay. Theentiincc then to is formed bv two points, diftant from e.iih other iWe miles, and which lie weft north-weft and eaft louth-ealK The wind preventing us putting in here, wc (leered for the wrflerf\ioll land in fight, and before we got the length of It, wc were becalmed. Puring the calm we were vilited by feveral canoes; but the Indians hnving heard of our guns, were afraid to come on board i how- ever we bought fomc of their lift), and learned from them, by the alUlhime of Tupia, thaf we were aliout two tlj\s fail from a place called Moore Whennua, where the land '■hangeii it» ftiape, and turning to the foufh extended nn more weftward. This place was concluded to be the land dilcovcnd by Tafman, which he called Cape Maria Van Dicmen. 'Ihey alfo inlbrm- ed us, that to the north-north-weft tlierc was an ex- trnlivc country difcovered by their anceftors, which they named Ulimaroa, where the inhabitants lived upon hogs, called in their language Ilooah, the very name f;ivcn them, by thofe who inhabited the South-Sea Hands. On Sunday ilic loth, a breeze fpringing up, wc ftood rtKtrt the north, and fdiind by obfervation our latitude to be 34deg. 44 min. fouth. On the i tth, early in the morning the land, with which wc ftood in, appeared low and barren, but not deititucaof inhabitanti. It formi a pcninliih, whiJi the capia n lalitd knuik'e Point, and (he bay lh.it liri coniiguiius therrto he named Sandy Day. In ihe mid.llc of ihii it .1 hi|;h mountain, whUi we c.ilii'd Mtmiu C anirl, on uciounc of its refemblance to that animal. We faw one vilj.igc on the weft lldeof this mount, and another on the call flde. Several canoes put off but < ould not reai h the (hip, whiih talked, and OotkI to the northward, till the aticrnoon of the t :th, when we ftinxl to the noith-ealh Towards night we were brought under double nefcJ toplails) and in the morning it was fo tempcftuoin a« tofplit the main topfail nivl the fore mixen-tnp fails. Farly in the morning of the 14th wc f.»w land to the fouthward, at the dillance of eight or nine leagiu s j and on the i^th we tacked and fti»>d to the urtlvard. On the itith we difcovered land from the nial> lieu!, bearing fouth-roiiih-wtft. On .Sunday the 17th «c tackedin thirty-five fathont, and found we had nut gained one inch to windwan) the laft twenty-four hot is. Wc f«w a point ol land, tlie northern extremity of New Zealand, which C'.ipt. (.(Mik natr.rd North Cape. It tics in latitude .{4deg. :i min. fouth, and in 1X5 de^'. 5 J min. weft longiiiulci wc i.ontinurd ft..ndingi;ft'and brt till (he . (J, uhiii alidut fe\i:ii nVlock «c difcovered land bearing; li>uth half call . On the .'4th we faw the fanu land foulh-ea(l by fouth four league* ditlant, whi^h we judged to he tin liluula ofthc Ihrer Kings. Theihiefol thefe is in latitude j.( deg. ii: min. fouth. and iSydig. 48 min. utft iiingitude, and dillant aiv)ut 14 and 15 leagues lioisi North Cape. Mr. Banks went out in (he Tong-b«at and flrot lomc birdn that nearly refembkd geele. and they were very good eating. On Chriftmas-day, De- cember the a5th,we tacked, and ftood to the fouthward. On the iftth wc had no land in fight, and were twenty leagues ro the weftward of North Cape. At mid-night we tacked and ftbod to the northward. On the 27th it blew a ftorin from the caft, accompanied with lu'.i\y lliowcrsofrain, which compelled us to bring the flii|> to, under her mainfail. The gale continued tiil Thur!- day the aSth, when it fill about two o'clock in the morning: but atcicht mcteafed to a hurricane, with a prodigious fea. At noon the gale fomewhat abated, but we had ftill heavy fqualls. On the :9th in the evening, wc wore and ftood to the north-weft. On .Sa- turday the joth, wc faw land bearing north-eaft, which wc concluded to be Maria Van Diemen ; and it corre- fuonded with the account wc had received of it from tnc Indians, We wore at mid-night, and ftood to the fouth-caft. On the jift «c tacked at fcvcn in the evening, and ftood to the weftward. We were now diftant from the nenrell land about three leagues, and had fomewhat more than forty fatlioni water. C II A P. VII. • parliatlars — A de/criptrve account of i.rw i^m«na — ,•, j,ri, mjimrrj in iii/man—o/niancn and pndulhom—AH account of the inbabilanls—Thfir dte/s, ornaments, and mimer of lif—fbrir cmoes, ntnira- lion, tii/agf, weapons, mitftc,pmeriment,religm and iatiemipc-—Tbf arguments in favour of t Swthcrn Continent con^ trrMTted. AD 1770 fANUARYthe i ft, on Monday at fix in '' "J the morning, being New Year's Day, we tacked, and ftood to the caftward. At noon we ftood to the weftward 1 found our latitude to bt 34 deg, 37 min. (both J ourdiflancc from the Three Kings ten or eleven leagues; and from Cape Maria Van Diemen about four leagues and an halt, in fifty-four fathom water. On the 3d we faw lands it was high and flat, trending away to the routh-eaft, beyond the reach of ihc naked eve. It is remarkable, that at midnimmer we met with a violent gale of wind, in latitude 350 fouth t and that We were three weeks in getting ten leagues to the weftward, and five weeks in getting fifty leagues, for aif this time it was fo long ftnce we pafl!cd Cape Brctr. On the morning of the 4th wc ftood along (horc. The ooaft apfieared Tandy, barren, dreary, and inhof- pitable. Steering northward on the 6th we faw lantt again, which we luppofed to be Cape Maria. On the 7th we had light breezes, and were at times be- calmed, when we faw a fun-fift>, ftioit and thick, with two large fins, but fcarcely any tail, ref^mbling a fiurk ia i)4 1:1 M'!' "li* i iij f |i| in colour aiKl fiic. Wc continued (leering raft till the 9th, when \vc were off a point of land, whirh Capt. Cook named Woody Head. Frcnn tivc fouth-wcft we alfo faw a Tmall idand, and called it Gannct Idand. Another point, remarkably hich to the caft-north-eaft, the captain named Alk)atrols Point i on the north fide whereof a bay it formed, promidng good anchorage. At about two or three leagues didance from Albatrofi Point, to the tiorth-eafl we difcovercd a remarkable high mountain, the peak of which is equal in height to that of Teneriffe. Its fummit was covered with fnow, and we gave it the name of Mount Egmont, in honour of the earl of that name. It lies in latitude 39 dcg. i6min. fouth, and 185 deg. 15 min. wefl longu tudc. The country round it it exceeding pleafant, having an agreeable verdure interfccfled with woods, and the coaft forms an extenfive cape which Capt. Gx)k named Cape Egmont. To the north of this arc iwofinall iflands, in the form of a fugar-loaf. This day being the 1 sth we had heavy fliowers of rain, ac- companied witn thunder and lightening, Wc conti- nued to ftecr along the fliorc a. the diftancc of between two and three leagues, and between fevcn and eight had a tranficnt view of Mount Edgcombe, which bore north* wert diftant about ten leagues. On the 14th when failing fouth-ead by fouth, the coaft rar iiore foutherly, and foon after five in the morning we faw land, for which we hauled up. At noon the north-weft extremity bore Jbuth 63 weft; and fomc high land, in appearance an ifland,' bore fouth fouth-eaft, diftant five leagues. We were now in a bav, and by obfervation in latitude 40 dcg. 27 min. (buth, longitude 1 84 deg 39 min. weft, fi the evening, at eight o'clock, the land that bore fouth 63 weft, now bore north 59 weft, diftant ftven leagues, and appeared like an ifland. Between this land and Cape Egmont lies the bay, on the weft fide of which we were at this time. The land here is high and beautifully variegated with hills and vales. At this place Capt. Cook propofed to careen the ftiip, and to take in a frefli fupply of wood and water. Accordingly, On the 15th at day-break, wc fteercd fbr an' inlet, when, it being .ilmoft a calm, the (hip was carried by a current, ortiic tide, within a cable's length of the ftiore; '■.It by -he affiftance of the boats ftie got clear. While efteding this, we faw a fea-lion, anfwering the defcrip- tion given of a male one in Commodore Anfon's voy- ages. About one o'clock in the afternoon we hauled round the fouth-weft point of the ifland, and the in> habitants of a village were immediately upon feeing us up in arms. At two we anchored in a very fafe cove on the north-weft fide of the Iwy, and moored in eleven fathom water, with a fofc ground. In paflingthepointof the bay we had obferved an armed centinelon duty, who was ts\ice relieved ; and now four canoes came off, for the purpofc, as we imagined, of reconnoitring; for none of the Indian*) would venture on boaid, except an old man who fccmed of elevated rank. His countrymen cxpoftuUtcd with him, laid hold of him, and took great pains to prevent hts coming cbroad, but they could not divert him from his purpofc. We received him with the utmoft civility and hofpitality. Tupia and the old man joined nofcs, according to the cuftom of the coun- try, and h.iving received fevcral prefcnts, he retired to his atTociaces, who began to dance and laugh, and then retired to their for*'.''.cd village. Whether their expref- lions of joy were tokens of enmiry or fricndfhip we could not detenr.ine, hsving fcen them dance when inclined both to war and peace. Capt. Cook and other gentlemen now went on ftiore, at the bottom of the cove, where they met with plenty of wood, and a fine flrcam of excellent water, ai^d on hauling the feine were very fucccfsful, having cav.jjht th.'ee hundred weight of fiih in a ftiort time, which was equally diftributcd among the flup's company. On the i6tn, at day-break wc were employed in careening the bark, when three canoci ca^ne off ^ifth a great nun-.'oer of Indians, wlio brought Icveral of their women with them, which circuiiiftaiKt was thought to be a favourable prcfagc of their peaceable difpouiien ; but they foon convinced us of our miftake, by attempt- ing to ftop the long boat; upon which Captain Cook had recourfe to the old expedient of firing fliot over their heads, which intimidated them for the prefcnt} they foon gave frefh proo'' of treacherous defigns 1 for one of them fnatched at fonie paper from our mar- ket-man, and milTing it. put himlclfin a threatening attitude I whereupon fome fliot was fired, which wounded him in the knee j but Tupia ftill copti- nucd coijverfing with his companions, making en- quiries concerning their traditions rtfpcding the anti- quitjet of their country. He alfo alked them, if they 'V'J before feen a ftiip as large as the Endeavour ? to whicn they replied, that they had not, nor ever hcaril, that fiich a veflel had been on their coaft, though Taf- man certainly touched here, it being only four milea fouth of Murdercr'tBay. In all the coves of this bay wc found plenty cf cuttle-fiOi, breams, baracooiaa, gurnard, mackarel, dog-fifti, folet, dabt, mullets, drums, fcorpenas, or rock-fifti, cole-fifli, fliags, chi- meras, &c. The inhabitant! catch their fifli in the following manner. Their net it cylindrical, extended by ftveral hoojM at the bottom, and contraifled at the top. The fifli going in to feed upon the bait are caught in great abiindance. In this ifland are birds of varioui wood fingini - ""^ "''' here inftead of tea, and a plant called 'feegoomme, re- fembling rug-cloaks, ferved the natives for garment!. The environs of the cove where the Endeavour lay it covered entirely wirh wood, and the fupplc-j.icks are fo i)iimerous, that it is with difliculty that paflengen can purfue their way ; here is a numerous faiyj-fly, that is very difagrec:ible. The tops of many hills were covered with fern. The air of the country is very moifl, and has fome qualities that promote putrefac- tion, as birds that have been fliot but a few hours were found uith maggots in them. The women who ac- companied the men in their canoes, wore a head drefs, which we had no where met with before; it was com- pofed of black feathers, tied in a bunch on the top of the hea'd, which greatly incrcafed its height. The manner of their dif|K>ring of their dead is very dif- ferent to what is pradlif«i in their fouthern iflands, they tie a large ftone to the body, and throw it into the fea. We faw the body of a woman who had been dif- pofed of this way, but which, by fonii accident, had difengageditfcif from the ftone, and was floating upon the water. The Captain, Mr. Banks, and the dodlor viflred another cove, alx)ut tuo miles from the fliip. There was a family of Indians who were greatly alarmed at the approach of thefe gentlemen, alT running away except one ; but upon Tupia's convcrfing with him, the others returned. They found, by the provifions of this family, that they were cannibals, here being feveral human-bonct that had been lately dreflcd and picked, and it appeared that a flmrt time before, fix of their enemies having fallen inro their hands, they had killed fourand eaten them, and that the other 'wo were drown- ed in et.Jcavouring to make their efcapc. llicy made no fecret of this abominable cuftom, but anfwered I'u- pia, who was defired to afcertain the fad, with great compofure, that his conjedlures were juft, that they were the bones of 7 man, and teftificd by figns, that they thought human flefli delicious food. Vymn being afked. Why they had not eaten the Ixidy of the womi-n that had been floating upon the water.' they anfwered. She died of a diforder, ami that moreover flic was re- lated to them, and they ncvi 1 ate any but their enemies. Upon Mr, Banks ftill tclHfyinf,' fome doubts concerning the fad, one of the Indians drew the Iwnc of a man s arm through his moiJth, and this gcntii.-man had the curiofity to bring it away with him. There was a wo- man in this family whofe arms and legs were cut in a (liockinG mannrr, and it appeared flic had thus wound- ed heifclf becaufe her hufband had lately been killed and eaten by the wiemy. Sr>me of the Indians brought fburfKuKsoncday to lell, which they rated at a very higjlt price. The brains had been taken out, and pro- bably , by attempt- iaptain Cook ing fliut over the urrfcnti ous acfigns t am our mar- 1 threatening ircd, whicH ftill conti- makinj^ cn- ing the anti- hcin, if they Endeavour I )r ever heard, though I'af- ly four miles s of thi« bay baracootai, bi, mullets, , (hags, chU iilh in the t], extended aAed at the lit arc caught ds of various nrroM, wood erent fingin] us, was ufo goommc, rc- ;ir garments, ravour lay is .^Ic-jncks are at palTcngert 3US faiyi-fly, iny hills were intry is very >tc putrcfac- V hours were nun who ac- i hiad drefs, it was com- m the top of eight. The is very dif- hern iflands, V it into the ad been dif- cidcnr, had Dating upon I the dodlor the fliip. ktly alarmed inning away ith him, the irovilions of ing fcvcral picked, fix of their had killed ere $ r I r^ 'i^ ■■«:) I: srf 1 N v< '^-^ 1 I. Hm \ 'Is ■•iir'Jt i •'.si 1 'n 1 K."?-' I I ■= u It COOK'i FIRST VOYAGE-^for making Dijcivtries in tlie South Seat & Round the IVorld. 53 btblv eaten, but the (kull and hair remained. They Teemed to have been dried by fire, in order to prefervc them from iHitrefadtion. The gentlemen iikcwife Taw the bail of a cartoc, which waa made of a human ikuil. On the whole, their ideal were fo horrid and brutifti, that they Teemed to pride themTelvca upon their cruelty •nd barbarity, and took a particular pleaTure in (hew- ing the manner in which they killed their enemies 1 it being conflde;:ed as very meritorious to be expert at this deflrudUon. The method ufed was to knock them down with their patoo-patoo^, and then rip up their bellies. Great numbera of birds ufually begun their melody about two o'clock in the morning, and Terenaded us till the time oT our rifing. This harmony was very agree- able, u the (hip lay at a convenient diftance Irom the iho(« to hear it. TheTc fieathercd chorifters, like the Englilh ni^tingalca, never Tim in the daytime. On the 1 7th. the (hip waa viutad by a canoe from the hippah. or villani it contained, among others, the aged Indian, of Tuperior diftinAion, who bad firft vu fitel . the £ij{BU(h urao their alrival. In a conference «^icb Tupik had with, binv be isftiiied his aa|}r«hen. freottvrd 19 vifyfrom the Int. (litnai; bHVgwng ott in the pinaaee to infped the bay, fM^(iiM*fiilgK'inMi4n a-ctlnocfiiMt ^yithi ka(t(«t«(t)tioait» thbiwople in the pin)- Moe^ilM ctolinueii ite pui4itp*bane«, c|o(e toJanaiven i thefe wcrv brought on boaid, as well u the hairiof a jnan'k head, whicb traa fixind.in a tree. The ncM day a forge iras.Tei up to repair theiroo-wotkirwd ibm^ Indians vltited the;(hip witK plenty of fi(h,iwhieh they bartered vCiy'fiiirly for mils. .!m;' ' . On the aoth, in the morning, Mr. Banks pUrcHaTed fif the cdd Indian a twNi'aheac^ which tietTccrnddvehr nnwiUijIig «o pare wichi tbellkuU had btonifaAuttdb^ a bicM»ii and the hniina weoe leidiaaMdt^ «Hdiilile«l iht fflhvrt jt waa prcJcrviMi fraoLputreAAibhj 'Wtwti tiM ri)ie with w|u^ tkcyr,kept,thm (koU^,) mdi«l«twc4bflri^*athcVaiiquilbcd, nocoaijrthorit nhoave !r;^led,t butrthe pciianers Ukdiife, are devooitd %y tiM The lad wu employed by Mr. Banks and L . SoL hhder, la coUcain^ of |danti, wh»^ Capt>in Cooh made ToHM oHtrvMHii.' en 'he main iand< i \ fh«fi»utfri calV Mo'ofilH iiUtl^ whsch cmfified ei >»i|lii)idh vW^thiMMi on a very 1 gb Irock. hsUoMi underaBatb. ~«tiii^ a tine natwaUi^iaM fideef «Mch>iiK«to>ke4iAiti an J the other ^ c;^ 0f tte fta. Tlw iahabitairta t^ ceivcd us with great civility, and very readily fliewed Mi every thing thai was curious. This hippah was partly furntunded with pallifadocs, and it hnd a Kghting llagc, like that already dcfcribcd. Hire we met with a croTs, reTcinbling a crucifix, which was crctifed as a monument for a deccafed pcrfon 1 but could not learn how his body was difpofcd of. I-'mm a convcifation that Tupia had with thefc people, a Jifcovery was made, that an officer being in a boat near this village, and Tome canoes com- inf; otf, made him imagine thry had hoflile defigns, and he fired upon them with ball, which made them retire with much precipitation, but they could not efTcfl their retreat, betore one ol thim was wounded. What made this rafh aOtion the more to be lamented was, that the Indians gave alrcrwards every potTtblc aflurancc that their intentions u|X)n thiioccadon were entirely friendly. On the a5th, the Captain, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solan- der, went on Ihore to (hoot, when they met with a nu- merous family, who were among the crerks catchinff filh: they behaved very civilly, and received lome tri- Aing prefcnis from the [j^entlemcn, who were loaded by way of return with the kiHcs ami embraces ol both fcxes, young and old. The next day, beinjj the 46th. they madfc ilriother exciuli«>ii in the Iwat, in-order 10 take a view of .Ihefftmit, that ■piillcs between the taf^ern and weftern fsas. To this end they attained the ftimmir ofahill. bUt it being hazy in the horizon, they could fee but to a fmall diftance t*ihcc.»(h ho«cver, It was refolvcd to explore theipaiiagc in the lliip when they fhould put tofca. Bc- tipsrc thciridepartur«« ftatti this hill, fhr y lerffted a pyn- mid.with A0ne3,>andMt fomc mMfi|«iet-lrtll«,fnAalf ibot and beads, that iltic llkdy to flahd the teftof tlhie.anfl would be mcmorral*. Ihm this pl«cc'had*btfd» Vifited bV Europeans* On owr return, having defcendcd the hill, rn, imving aeicenaca tnc mil, thtflhis^and liHi, procured MiWh»BWef*dafledby the we made a hettrty meal ^tf by-obr luunsaiid brte* ; udtf «h»R Wet* dafled by >lpMii'a citw.. Mf >th« |»tiKe SVilllW tpbo\^Si H*re wc .M^erc WIpMtftiHy'Wtdv^d bV «tt«AeHW(!ttii ftmily, teteiaddi>u«ittTibh$>' it eonfilWddf about loo houfcs, aW dtthtlng (tUgr. Wb mi«dti the hficndly irthabitanta SokA tftnall fftftnts «lf 'paper, beads; and iiafls; and thd? ill iretkttrt' fbhil^cd us vfltti dried fl(h,' On the ;97th ahd dith, ow*- tnm^ny Wer^ engaged in making nectffiuy repain, kmU^A^ filh. and 'jfrtting Vhe Endea- vour fcady «o c«*rWuc Wkt ^*at. ■ ^' * • • .''•©"••jtertdsij;, t»e^t,th. we'^iiraTVirittti by burijd «*«*rrapbaidirt etMyi|taMf> w^ Mfi<*r Irtdiart*. Trim i»iiM»:^fft'heird(: ^lMtt*fc mdiK'^-bo'tiad received- a wound wear tike ihippah, tras dead r Htir this rep'dri |«owcdalMrwMrds groimdieTi J ai^ i)^ ftfti'' " " ' Miridifcdurlka w^'rc'not alwa^!* rri'=be-tt tXiring the time the bark was ureparingWn Banfcrtrti iJ^.Solandef'oftcn wEnt bii llftW ■ *l widk».*«»*«ft«umrcribed by tHt luxuriant cfinibdri which filled itp th« f|f)acc bctwerti' the trees, and rcn- dewdilhe w«yKJ^ imph(r;art of an old pendant on the top, lOdiftli^ifti it. Returning ro the (hip he met with inany of f'u- natives, of »ho:n he pur.hafcd a fimll ' on rutfdSiy. the joth. fpmt of our people, WiO It^i^knt etlte^rly in tV morning to cathcr celery, ir.ct Witjl about twenty Indlai^s, i,m6ng wbom were live tf ft: WO*i*MJ, #hofr hiifbands'nad lately been made car.. rWW They!ll(t;iialii\jpo.. !i -' jjrojund together, and cut *^ftftf» ih a nioft ftincking manner,, 'iiireeiof ikic or jafpfcr, in tefll- \m: But^hhat HMdc the horrifl rt*ii^]iki«< MrMt'tnUMPl fxcc; ^__^, ta traffic for a further fupply of fifh, but vvuhnut Tiki ef:i. Sunday, the ^\^, Mr. Banks and Dr. SolaitUcr were engaged in colleain^ (hells, and diffeiw iiu kind* 0/ (i.'cds. On the i;(h we got under fail, biit the wind ioon fall- ing, uc am- again to anchor a little ab^fc Motuara. lopoa hMc paid us a vifit to bid us farewel. Being qu< tlioited whether he had ever heard, that fuch a vei- fcl as ours I aJ ever vilited thecpuntnr, he replied in till ncjjAtivc. bill faid, there wu t, ti^iiipn U a (inaW ictlkl having come from Ulimora, a dmv^ counlry In tbc Rokril in wlych were onlji ^f jopey^; who on ^hcir ksh4!iltt. Hcrc all put to deai^. t^ 'PWipi* of (he Bay of Ilhnds, and Tupia, had Cotnc coofiifcd tja* ditionary notions atxiut Ulimora, but fions thcir.ac- Lvttnti we could dfaw no cenatn coacbifion. This day Mr. Banks and Dr. Sulander went again on (hore in fearch of natural curiolitics, and by accident met with a very amiable Indian family, among whom was a widow, and a pretty youth about ten years of age. The woman mourned for her hulband. according ro the cutom of the country, with tears of blood 1 and the chiM, by the death of his father, wu the proprietor of the land where we had cut our wood. The mother and (on were fit- ting upon matts ■ the re(t of the family of both (exes, about fcyrntccn in number, fat round them. They be- haved with the uimo(t hofpitality and councfy, and en- deavoured to prevail with us to flay all night -, but ex- peifting the fiiip to fail, we could not accept of their prefnng invitation. I'his fiimily feemed the moft in. tclligent of an,' Indians we had hitherto converfed with, which made us regret our late acquaintance with them t fur had we fallen into their company before, we (hould probably have gained ipore information fitan them in one day, than we had been able to acquire during our whole l^ay upon the coa(t. Monday, the 6th, in the morning, the Endeavour failed out of the bay, which, from the favage ctrftom of eating hunuui fle(h, we called Cannibal Bay. Wt bent our courfe to an opening in the eaft 1 and when in the mouth "^ the flrait, were becalmed in latitude <« 10 (buth, and 1 84 deg; 45 min^ weft longitude. The two points that form the entrance, we calledCkpe iXoaiMraOk and point ^ackfbn. The land fbrming me harbour or cove in which we Iqr, is called by the Indians Tooim- miet the harbour kfelf, nanwd by the Gapttin Skip Conk ^ia very CMvenfeni and fkk. It is fituaicd on the weft fide of the «ove, and is the fouthemntoft of the three coves within the ifland of Motuara, between which and the ifland of Mamote, or betWecn Motuara, or weftern (hore, is the entrance. In the laft of thefc inleu are two ledflcs of rocks, three fathom under water, which nuiy eafily \k known by the fea-wccd that jpows upon them. Attention mu(t alio be paid to tlie tides, which, when there is little wind, fk>w about nine or ten o'clock, at the fiill and change of the moon, and rife and fisU about feven feet and a half, pafHi^ through the (trail from the routh<«aft. The land about this found, which ire fiiw atithe diftanceof twenty leagues, confifts tn- tiltly oTihigh hiUs, and deep wlUeys, well ftored with a variety ofeacellent timber, fit for all pumofiis eRoqK mafUi Mr which it is too hard and heavy. On the fhora we. found plenty of (hags, and a few other fpecies of wild fowl, that are very acccpuble food to tnofe who tmve Uvedlong upqn fait proviiions. The number of hihabitanta ill not gniter than four hundred, who aic (lettered along the coaft, and upon any appearanw of danger retire to imit bipnihs, or fiirti, in which fituo- lien we iMind them. 'They are poor, and their canoea without ornaments. The traffic we had with them was wholly fitr liflii butthev had fame knowlnfaKof iron, which the natives of other parts had not. On our ar- rival ihfif wese ntuch pleafed with our paper 1 but when they kiicw it wouU t)e.4>oiled by the wet, they wouhl not ha«e it. Englilh broad>ckith, and red Kerwy they hiffhiy eftecmed. Leaving the found we flood over to the caftward, anii were carried by the rapidity of the cturrent' very «lolc to oneof the two iflands i|hat lie ofF Cape Koama- rao, at the entrance pf Qyoen Charlotte's' Sound. At this time we were every moment in danger of being dafhed to pieces againft the rocks, twt after having veered out i ;o fatmims of cable, the fhip wu brousht up, when the rocks were not noore ihan> two caHea length fimn us. Tlws we remained, beinsoltltged to wait for the tide's' ebbing, whijch did not take phce tQI after midnight. On the 7th, at eight o'clotk in the morning, we weigncd anchor, and a frefli- brecxc with a tide of ctib hurried us ihraugh the flrait with ^great fwiftncfa. The narroweit. part of > this Arait lies between Cape Tierraw^ and Cape Koamainob the diftancc between which we judged/ to ^ five Inigaes. The length of the fli!«it,weioowki'not dct^Hnine. In paiffinglt^ we tbiok'ii: fafeft iokcq>(o4hcinanh.ea(lfliMei.fbron this iide.wc fawBOthii^ tO' fnt. Cape Tierrawitte lies in 4ldeg. • h»>' n;r m U/s 1 5^ 1> ^1 5 |H 1 1^ !W '}', jcy ^/''•' / ■ ^• "•<«r!' .^.. .,1>- ;d h'- fu? i^<^ J )" a ',• / i •■*!. k, *:\f < i- IT... ♦' ■i.-' ^ *■ rf ? ■•^•*%^- •i^. ' /; fj' •V-1 «»■, 'i:' ■ ' I I Jl- ■<*w«#»iil«' • i «♦• / \> - ■."if%*-" I IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■4.5 ■to "^^ M^H ■tt Ki 12.2 1.8 IL25 ||U ||.6 ^ 6" 1^ ^J> .* Hiotografiiic Sciences Corporation ^\ ■NJ <> O^ 23 WfST MAIN STUET WIBSTiR.N.Y. MSM (716) t72-4S03 '4^ ^:>\ -■' 1: 1 '! I rS ■-MP COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Dijceveries in the Soutl) Seas fie Round tlie World. 55 41 dcg. 44 min. of fouth latitude, and 1 S3 dcg. 45 min. of weft longitude. And Cape Koamaroo is 41 dcg. 34 min. fouth, and in 1 13 deg, 30 min. weft longitude. About ninekaguea from the ronner cape, and under the fame ftiore north, it a high ifland> wtiich the capuin called Entry Ifle. We were now facing a deep bay which we called Cloudyr Bay, Some of our gentlemen doubting whether Eahienomauwee was an ifland, we fteered louth>eaft, in order to clear up thii doubts but the wind fliifting weftood caltward, and fteercd north- eaft by eaft all night. The next morning we \tnQf( Cape Pallifer, and found that the land ftretchtfd away to the north-eaftward qi Cape Turnagain. In the afternoon, three canoe* came off, having feveral Indians on board. Thele made a good appearance, and were ornamented like thofe on the northern coaft. There was no difficulty in perfuading them to come,on board, ' where they demeaned themtelves very civilly, and a I mutual exchange of prefents took place. Astheyalked > for nails it was concluded that diqr heard of the Eng- I lifh, by mean* of the inhabiunts of fome of the other / places at which we had touched. Their drefs re- I ftmblcd thaic of the natives of Hudlbn's Bay. One old > man was tataowcd in a very particular manner, he had . likcwifc a red ftreak acrofa his nofe ; and his hair and \ beard were remarkable for their whitencfa. The upper ^rment that he wore Was made of flax, and haa a wrought border: under this was a fort of petticoat of a cloth called Aoorec Waow. Teeth and green ftones decorated his cars: be fpokcin a foft and low key, and it was concluded, from his deportment, that he was a perfon of diftinguilbcd rank among his countrymen, and thefc people withdrew greatly fiitisfied with the , prefenu that they had received. On the 9th in the morning, we difcovered that Eahienomauwee was really an ifland. .\bbut ^fixty . Indjans in four double canoes came within a ftonc's .thrawof thelhip.bn rhe 14th of February. As they furveyed her y^ith furprize, TMpia endeayourccf top^r- fuade them to come nearer, but this they could not be prevailed on to do. On thisaccount theifland wasde- nominated the Ifland of Lookers-oti. Five leaguea diftant front) the coaft of Toyy Poenamop, we (fw ,an ifland which was ca||cd:,after Nfr. Bankk's niine(|a few Indians appeared on U, ^nd in cn^jplace thgr ^if- covered a fmoae, So. that if vm plaia ttie place was iiy habited. Mr. Banks going oiit in his bdtt for,tKe piir- pofc of fliooting, killed fome of the Port ^emonthcnt, which were like thofe found on th^ ifle of Fa^> an^ the iirft that th.(}r had fcen upon this coaft.' A jpoint of land was<^(^ed op, Sunday the acthiii Ubtude 4S deg. 35 min. ilbwh,,io which Capt. Cook gayci the name of Cane S^i^nders, in honour of Admilid'> Satnw 4ers.' Wekeptofl>f«amthe(hore, which appeal to be interfperfcd with trees, and covered mthgnm k>ll<, but no innabitanis were difcovered. ' On thf 4th of, March, feveral wbiiles ai|d ftpla were feeri; awl on the 9th f e,faw a ledge of rocks, and foon after ahptherlcdge at three leagues diftance from tHc fliore, which we gaflcd in the night to the northward, itnd at day-'break obferved the othen under our bows, >hich M(M, a fortunate cfcape ; and in confidcration 0/ tneir ^^g Pfirn 19 nearly caught among there, th^ were P^ ,#»«• Wjhe fouthwari of D«%>ykWe Ciia We? tm. tKe next day we pallid i miffl W a ■ • ' 'opeiilni^'.i/jjw' there Iccnicd to be a good hurbour formed by an ifland' the land behind vihu n exhibited a profpefl of inoi^n- tains covered with /how. On the .i6th, wc paflcd a point ;which connftcd of high red clifl's, and received the name of Cafcade Point, on account of fever.-)! finall ftreams which fell down it. In the morning of the 1 8th the valleys were obferved covered with fnow as well as the mountains, which feemed to have fallen the night before, when wc had rain at fea. Thus wc pafl*cd'tne whole north-weft coaft of Tovy Poeoamoo,.wnich had nothing worth our ob- fervation but a ridgi; of naked and bi^tren rocks covered with fnow, fome of which we conjectured might pro- bably have remained there ever fiiicc the creation. As far as the eye could reach, the profpeds were in general wild.cra^.and Oefplatei fcarcelyanything but rock^ to be fecn. x\\i nipff of which Dr. Hawkefworth der fcribesu |nviri|^ nothing f>ift a kind of hollows, an^ dreadful fifllires ihftead (? vaflcys between them. Froin this uncomforuble country we determined to depat^ haying (ailed mund the whole cbiintry by the 27th of this month. Capt. Cook therefore went on fliore ill the long'boat, aAd having iouhd a place proper for mooring the fliip,and %_ gobiil watering place, the crew began to fill their caflcs, whi^e the carpenter 'was em- ployed in cutting wood. The captain, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solander, went in the pinnace to examine the bay, and the neighbouring country. Landing there they found feveral plants of a fpecies which was before un- known to themj no inhabittnt* appeared; but they faW feveral huts which feeitied to have been deferted a iQhg time beforie: all the wood and water being takei) on board, the y'^^ti was ready to fail by the time that they returned ill the evening, and it was now refoivcd at a council of war to fleer for the coaft of Uew Hot- land; in' the courfe of their return by the way of the Eaft-Indies. ' On the J), If, we took our departure from an eaftern ^iht of Ighd, to which we gave the name of Cape rarewelj calling the bay out of which wc failed, Adini- n>hy' Says and two capes, Capc,,^tepheps, and Cape Jackfon, (the names of the two'iecretarin qfthe Adiiiii raky board.) We called a bay between the ifland and Cape Farcwel, Blind Bay, which lyas fuppofcd. to have Gjeen the fape that was ca|le«»^ nifrodious fong birds. There arc MCks,andfliags of |feVeral forts, like thofe of Europe, *"d jhe;gaijnct, whi<;h is 6f the fame fort. Albatrolfts, flieerwaterf, penguins, and pintados, alfo vifit the coaft'. The infers found here are, butterflies, flefli-flies. bee-, tlcf, fand-flies, ahd iiiufquitos. T«iyy. J^Oenariilbo is barren and mountainous, and j|ppea|c*4t6Walmoftdeftituteof inhabitants. The fea that waflies thefeiflandsabounds withdclicate i'ftd whortfome fifli. 'Whenever the velFcl came to an anchor^ n 56 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. anchor, enough were caught with hook and line only, to fuppiy the whole (hip'a company t and when we finiflied with nets, every mefs in the (hip, where the 0eode Were induftrious, failed as much ai fupplied them tbr leveral weekt. There were many Torts of filh here which wt' had lievcr before feen, and which the Tailors named according to their fanciea. They were Told on moderate terms to the crew: amofttfthe refl; Rib like the (kate, eels, congers, c^ften. fbt-fifli tcremblingfolei and flounders, cockles and varipus forta of tnackaicl were found inabundiitKe upon l^coaft. * Here are for^di abtiundiiig with trees, producin|; laiige, ftraight and ctean tihiber. One ttte about the fize of our oak, was di^inguifhed by a fcarlet flowle^, compofed of f -^y ground, ,vtiV 'fti&ighriknd ta\ll, bearing fmall bilin hes of berri(^, iSld a f^Y liefe^bling thtft of the ;i^w-tree. About 40of{ieciei (pfptanict wehtibundi all of wKjch ai-^ unknown in England, exteptjatdcn night- fime^ fow-thiftle. ti«(M>r Ifi^ kinds oirfern, atid ohe or t iVo .arts of giiirs. . Wcfokind wild celery, and.a kind bf crefTes. in great aUindUiCe.' on the fta'ftiQret and of Stable plants raifed b^ Cijltivation, drtly cocQaij yams, and fwcet potatckfs: ' "thetb are t>lanutions of niany jjicres of thcfc yanu. ahd'pbutoes. The inhabitants tikewife cultivate tHtl' gourd: and the Chinefc paper mulbcrr}' tree is to be found, but in no abundance. ^ In New Zealand is only one (hrub or tree, which pro- duQcs fruit, which is a kind of berry almoft taftelefs ; but they have a plant which anfwers all the u(e« of hemp ai..< flax. There are two kinds of this plant, the leaves of one of which are yellow, and the other a 0ccp red, and both of them refctnble the teaves of flags. Oftnefe leaves thty make lines and cordage, and much ftrohger than any thing of the kiAd in Eurobei. Thefe leaves they likewifc fpht into bn^ths, and tying .tbc flips together, form their fiihing nets. Their comiiion appareV by a (imple procefi, i^ it|ade from tb^ leaves^ anditheir hner, by another prepiMtibn, liTthiae fiiojn the fibres, This plant is ^Und both in bigh 4nd ibw ground, in dry inould and in deep bogs { but as it crows iafgeft iu th<: iafier, ti^tt fecms to ^, its 'pr^f The natives are n^arge, as t^e lar^eA; E^ropeii^«. Tlicir complexion is liwOwi), iHil little more ifo tlMni!))at 3 of a $panurd. tliey i^^. Ai)i of flefli. bu( iwt bl^^ P j|nd' luxurious: a^ are ftoui and well (k^p^,; womn pofTcfs hot tKatdeficacy,^ which diftingviflt jEuropean ladies : but their voiCe ch|^ dimni^i them trom the men. The, m^n ane iravie m'«' (|esie<: thejr Mir km^'M'tm mrm' anS even: th^'feat^'^UOt TeXeiki^ ^^t enjoy perfcifl health, andJiy^ to j^ adyanpeq age> ipneare^ to be of f |ei^dMt^; iK^ W'^l other With fhe uMi^'kiri^ners: but the^ ar^ ll^r perually at war^, eVery Itltle dtftrid |bei|w,at '(flifn ty «>ith allthe rciS; Taa n owing., mfrftShHAW.ip (^>ant of food In riiffid^t'<}i|^ti ^ lated time. If any of the ]Lngliih s^drpfedoriepf their women, he was informed, that (lie cogent <^.hierj(|ri<;n4s mull be obuined, which ufua% folloiwfiJI, ohhia.tnfti king a prcfent. This dopehe was pbli^.tc* tfm bis temporary wife as delicately as wc do in Eflj^aad. A Semleman who failed in the Endeavour, having ad- reflcd a family of fome rank, received an anfwer, of which the following is an exad tranflution. " Any of " thefe young ladles will think themfelves honoured t^ " your addrelTes, but you muft firll mak« me ft prefent, " and you muft tlien come and fleep with uS on (bore, " for day-light muR by no means be a wimefi of what -•• paflcs between you." Thffe Indians anoint their hair with oil melted from the fat of lifli or birds. The poorer people ufe that Milch is rancid, fo that they fmell very difflgrcrablei but thofe Of fuperior rank makcf ulc'of that Which is frelh.' They wear combs bothof bone and WnOd.«*hich iscoMidervd as an ornament when' fturk upright in the'Hair. The- men tie their hair in a 'buncH on the frdwn of the head, and adorn it with featlwrs^of birds, , which they iikewife foniMm^s phce oW'ekeh fide of the temples. THi^ydAmnwMly #ear fliOtt beards. 'The. hair of the Women fbmetihies flows 'over their fhoulders, and fometiihes is cut (hOrt; Both feites, bift the men more than the women, mark'their bodies with black ftains, called amoco. In general the women fVain only the Hps, but Ibmetime s mark other parts with black patches: tiK men on the contrary pliton addi- tional marks from' year to year, fo that thofe who are 'Vtry ancient are almoft covered. ExcFufive of the amOco, they mark thenilelyes with furrows. Thofe furrows made a hideous appearance, the edges being indented, and the whole quite black. The ornaments of the face are drawn in the fpiral form with equal ele- gance and corri;(!ine&, both cheeks being marked est- adlly alike; while paintings on their bodies refcmbfe iills^rce work,and the foliage in old chafed ornaments » but no two faces or bodies are painted exadily aftef tNe fame model. The people of New Zealand, frequently left t^e breech free from thefe marks, which the ink^ ■bltants.Of Otahcitc adorhed beyond any other. Th^fe Indians likewifc paint their bodies by rubbiHg thdii with red ochre, either dry or mixed with oil. '"^ Their drefs is formed of the leaves of tbe flag' fpilt into flips, wfiich are interwoven and mide intO' iTkihti of matting, the ends, which aie feven oreignrthcTieain ■leni*, hai^ngouton tl^e ttppetfide. Gne'^li^eBf 'tins triattingtivmg-tft!4 over the iHoulders, iiit6f&io iHe Ittiecti theothe?pietie'bein(( wrapped i^ouiBlthe'waift ■filUa^mitJft to tbegWtida. Thefe, two pietefs ivei«d wholly with thoie of theted j^rm^. The wbii^ never tie their hair on the tab' pF.theIr tlMd*. n^raddrn it ^ith feathers! and ate len atnioua ijdibut dMs ths^ ' tbe men. their lower girm^ h ^itind VigMrblind tntWi, except when they go but fiffi. i^;'and^hW'thtly aifeWeful tliait the men malt pot f$ie them, h. once happened that fbme of the (hip's JCretv 'fai^6Hfed^tftelii'ii|'tp'fltalttlon, w|rehtoine of theiil hid •th/nuftlVtt%tn6ibji^ tbi: rocks, ahd the. reil kept thetr bbdl&i^Wc'^^t^^^^ ll^tmtd a girdle a^ a^ Wtnem^mi theft wlit^e behfkVlout fttiin^fefti^ tMhidlftlih^iik^ of female Modelly. (it^»l«C^ M^ fMit ^ ^tiaMr ii^r. ttii m^ tntats «;tiy^ eaW jjrt';^!^;^^ titli^s m'^f^rx ^U^ nteHfpr-dkm nftde vfe of ne- N*«*gMH«a«MM .h' . U, ■ ti'jW ■m' ,;•;•// 'It * A f •ii J* A - '•7'".'' ■.^' I?' ! Ut. .v i 1 (IM '■'ti';'* •!/•*,'»'■.»' ^1 <^ ^i; ..\ % ^ /:m n-PA ..lA', • "■/>; - ■ .- .'it'^^i niM« >:^ -ifvvo ^■« M ■^;>«-:? ff:. !*^ ,( - 1 Iff'!: :^] .-.^: ^ <•, V ?*'*^^i*t**«r :.•';; If'.'..-:-!,"' ' • 1 -»; • «'i^?^iiii \\\\ •^¥ I ■ „ .J >./ i ■ 5 -ii rT-..v r^ N \x «^ r . ii F T";^nr ^-^>-v 1 !, II rrv" m !llk lillu i ll I >l I mm. ii !: i l!ii II I II i;i. I'll/ i! i: I'll zy^ I'll IH: 11: ''{■ & n &: !•';' illi. ;lH:-ii ''ii'i i'! i.i'^i'iHiiir'i' II, '.,''.11 I ' 'ii-i idliirih'ii, , '~J^ '^w' !ll||W|' I* 'JkJ^. ' ii-'ii|i t/T 'H- J** I N, a "(SfcV^ fevrv. m--^ :'^u m L ^. i •», ' 1 i 1 1 ' m J Ez? ^ ^ ^ o Pd Ii 9J COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Dijioverks in the South Sea/ fie Round tlie IFcrM. 5; of the Mils which were given them by the Englilh, for this purpofe. and the women fometimcs adorned their ears with white down of the albetrofs, which they fpread before and behind, the whole in a large bunch. They likcwife hung to their ears by Hrings. chiflels. bodkins, the teeth of dogs, and the teeth and nails of their deceafed friends. The arms and ancles of the women are adorned with (hells and bones, or any thing elfe through which thcv can pals a ftring. The men wear a piece of green talc or whalebone, with the itfemMance of a man carved on it, hanging to a ftring round the neck. We faw one man who had the griftle 'of his nofe perforated, and a feather paffed through it, projedled over each cheek. . . . „ „ Thefe people (hew lefs ingenuity m the (Irudturc of their houics, than in any thing clfc belonging to them; they arc from fixtecn to twenty-four feet long, ten or twelve wide, and fix or eight in height. The frame is of flight l\icks of wood, and the walls and roof arc made of dry grafs pretty firmly compa roust their limbs are diilortcd, and their faces are agitated with ftrange coiivuliivc motions. I'hcir tongue hangs out of their mouths to an amazing length, a:'d their eye-lidi are drawn fu as to form a circle round the eye. At the fanie time they Ihakc their darts, brandifli their fpcart, and wave their pntoO' patoos to and fro in the air. There is an admirable vigour and adtivity in their dancing ; and in their long thev keep time with fuch exaiflncfs. that 60 or i oo paddles when (Truck ngain(\ the fides of their boats at once, make only a fmgle report. In timet of peace they fometimes fmg in a manner refembling the war- fong, but the dance is omitted. The women, whofc voices are exceeding melodious and foft, fing likewife in a mulical, but mournful manner. One of their in- (Truments ofmufic is a (hell, from which they produce a found not unlike that made with a common horn 1 the other is a fmall wooden pipe, refembling a child's nine-pin. not fuperior in found to a child s whilTle. We never heard them attempt to ling to them, or to produce any meafured notes like what we call a tune. As to the horrid cul\om of eating human Cicth, pre- valent among them, to what has Men already faid on this head, we (hall only add, that in moil of the coves, upon landing, we found near the places where fires had been made, Hclh bones of men 1 and among the heads that were brought on board, fome of them had a kind of falfe eyes, and ornaments in their ears, as if alive. The head purchafed by Mr. Banks, and fold with great relutflance, was that of a young pcrfon, and, by the contudons on one (ide, appeared to have received many violent blows. There had been lately a (kirmifh, and we fuppofcd the young man had been killed with the reft. The hippahs or villages of thefe people, of which there arc icvcral between the bay of Plenty and Queen Charlotte's found, are all forti(icd. In thcfe they con- ftantly rcfide ; but near Telaga, Hawk's Bay, and Po> verty Bay, only fingic houfes are to be fefcn, at a con- fiderable diftance from each other. On the fides of the hills were ereded long ftages, fupplied with darts and ftones, thought by us to ^ retreats in time of action ; as it appeared that from fuch places they could combat with their enemies to great advantage. A magazine of provifions, confifting of dried fi(h, and fern roots, was alfo difcovered in thefe fortifications. The inhabitants of this part of the country were all TubieAs of Teratu, who reuded near the bay of Plenty ; Ana to their being thus united under one chief, they owed a fecurity unknown to thofe of other parts. Se- veral inferior governors are in the dominions of Teratu, to whom the mod implicit obedience is paid. One of the inhabitants having robbed a failor belonging to the Endeavour, complaint was made to a chief, who chaf- tized the thief by kicking and ftriking him, which corredUon he bore with unrcfifting humility. The in. habitants of the fouthcrn parts formed little focieties. who had ail things in common, particularly fi(hing nets and fine apparel. The latter, probably obtained in war. were kept in a little hut, dedined for that ufe, in the center of the town, and the feveral parts of the nets, being made by ditfcrcnt families, were after- wards joim-d together for public ufe. Lefs account, in the opinion of Tupia. is nude of the women here than in the South Sea iflandi. Both fcza eat together; but how they divide their labour, we cannot determine with certainty, though we arc inclined to believe that the I men cultivate the ground, make nets, catch birdj, md go out in their canoes to fi(h 1 while the women arc cm- ployed in weaving cloth, collecting (hclUiifti, and in drelTing food. As to the religion of thefe people, they acknowledge one Supreme Being, and feveral fuborJinate deities. Their mode of worfhip we could not learn, nor wai any niace proper lor that purpofe fccn. There wan in- deed a fiiull fiiuaif area, cncompaircd with (l(»nes in the middle of which hung a balket of fcrn-roots on one of their fpadcs. This they faid was an otll-ring to their gods, to obtain from them n plentiful crop of pro- vitions. They gave the fame account of the origin of- the world, and the jiiodudion of mankind, as our friends in Otaheite. I'lipia, however, fccmcd to have much more deep and extcniive knowledge of thefe fub- jeds than any of the people of thiii idand, and when he lomctimes delivered a long difiuurfe, he was fure of « numerous audience, who heard with remarkable re- verence and attention. With regard to the manner of difpofing of their dead, we could form no certain opinion. The fouthern diftritfl faid, they difpofcd of their dead by throwing them into the fca j but thofc of the north buried them in the ground. We faw, however, not the leaft fign of any grave or monument t but the body of many among the living, bore the marks of wounds, in token of grief for the lofs of their friends and relations. .Some of their (cars were newly made, a proof that their friends had died while we were there t yet no one faw any thing like a funeral ceremony or procefiion, the roa- fon is, Dccaufe they alfcdcd to conceal every thing rc- fpcdting the dead with the utmoft fccrecy. We obfcrved a great fimilitudc between the drefs, furniture, boats, and nctsof the New Zcalandcrs, and the natives of the South Sea Iflands, which evidently dcmonftratcs that the common anceltors of both were ai origine natives of the fame country. Indeed the in- habitants of thefe dift'crent places have a tradition, that their anccfiors fprang from another country many years fince, and they both agree that this country was called Heawigc. This is alfo certain, that Tupia when he accofted the people here in the language of his own country, was perfectly undcrflood t But perhap.oint of land difiovered on St. CJeoruc'i-day, two caguf* to the north of which the fca formed a bay, which, from ici (hape, wa» rallc«l l.ong Nofe 1 eight leagues from which licii Red Point, fo called from the < olour of the Ibil in \tn neighhourhcHHi. On the 17th, wc faw feveral inhabitants walking along the (hore, four of them carrying a canoe on their Ihouldcrs, but ai they did not attempt to come off to the lliip, the captain took Mcirri. Danks and Solandcr, and Tupia in the yawl, and employed four men to row them to that part of the lliorc where they faw the natives, near which four fmall canoes laid clofe in land. The Indians fat on the nK'ks till the yawl was a quarter of a mile from thr (hore, and then they ran away into the woods. The furf beating violently on the beach, prevented the boat from landmgi the gentlemen were tnereforc obligril to make what obfervations they could at a dillance. The canoes refcmblcd generally the fmallcr fort of thofe of New Zealand. They faw a great number of cabbage trees on Ihorc ; the other trees were of the |)alm kind, and there was no underwood among them. At five in the evening they returned to the Oiip, and a light breeze fpringing up, we failed to the northward, where we dil- covered fcveial people on fliore, who, on our approach, retired to an eminence, foon alter which two canoes ar- rived on the "ore, and four men, who came in them, joined the others. The pinnace having been fcnt a- nead to found, arrived near the fjwt where the Indians had Rationed themll-lves, on which one of them hid hiojfelf among the rocks near the landing plac c, and the others retreated farthir up the hill. The pinnace keeping along fliore, the Indians walked near in a line with her; they were armed with long pikes, and a weapon refeinbling a fcymitar, and, by various ligns and words invited the boat's crew to land ; thofe who did not follow the boar, having obferved the approach of the fliip, brandiflicd their wea|xins, and threw them- felvet into threatening attitudes. The bodies, thighs, and legs of two of thefe, were painted with white Itreaks, and their faces were almofl covered with a white powder. They talked together with great emo- tion, and each of them held one of the above mention- ed weapons. The lliip having come to an anchor, wc obferved a few huts, in which were fome of the lutives ; and faw fome canoes, in each of which was a man em- ployed in rtriking fifli with a kind of fpear. Wc had anchored oppofite a village of about eight houfes, and obferved an old woman and three children come out of a wood, laden with fuel for a fire t they were met by three fmaller children, all of whom, as well as the wo- man, wtrc quite naked. The old woman frequently looked at the fhip with the utmoll indifl'erence, and, as foon as die had made a fire, the (ifliermen brought their canoes on fliore, and they fet about drelTinc their dinner with as much compofure, as if a fliip had been no extraordinary fight. Having formed a dcfign of landing, we manned the boats, and took Tupia with us, and wc had no fooncr come near the fliore, than two nun advanced, as if to difputc our fetting foot on land. 1 hey were each of them armed with diilerent kinds of weapons. They called out aloud in a harfh tone, warra warra wai ! the meaning of which Tupia did not under- ftand. The captain threw them beads, nails, and other triHes, which they took up, and feemed very well pleafed with. He then made fignals that he wanted water, and ufcd every pollible means to convince them that no injury was intended. They made flgns to the boat's crc.v to land, on which we put the boat in, but we had no fooncr done fo, than the two Indians came again to oppofe us. A mufquct was now fired between them, on the report of which, one of them dropped a bundle of lances, which he immediately fnatched up again in great hailc. One of them then tl}.rew a flone at the boat, on which the captain ordered a mufquet loaded with fmall (hot to be fircJ, which wounding the eldelt of them on the legs, he retired haftily to one of the houfes, that flood at fome little dillancc. The pcc^Ic in 1 the boats now lamUd, imng^ning that the wmind wh.i k this man had received wnuKI put an end t(» theiontclh In ihii, however, we were miflikcn, (iir he immediately returned with a kind of (lucid, ol an oval (igure, painted white in the middle, wiih luo holes in it to fee tlimugh. Thev now advanced with great intrepidiiy, and Uith difcharged their laiice.i at the Ixiat's crew,' hut did not wound any of them. Another iiuirqiitt was (jred at them, on whith ihiy threw another lame, and then HH)k to their l-als. We now went up to ilie hiii.i, in one of which v.e loniul the children, who h.ul (Vcreted themlches behind loiiie bark. We limked at ihem, but left them without its being known we had fecn them, and having tliiown feveral pieces of cloih, rih- bamls, heads, and uilur tilings into ilic hut, we took feveral of their lames, .iml then reimbaiked in the hiut. The canoes on tliit cualt wire alnMit 1 { leet in lrni;ih, tiich made of tie b 11 k ol a (ingle tree, iicil up at the ends, and kept opi n in the niuldle by the means of ftieks pl.ued anols them j their paddles were >ery fmall, and two were ufed at a time. We now failed to the north point of the bay, and found plenty ol Irclli viater. On taking a view of the hut where wc had fecn ihe cliildien, we had the morii- lication to (iml that eviiy Indian was tied, and iliat they had left all tlie prelent^. behind them. The cap- tain now went in the piiin.ue to infpcft the bay, iwul faw leveral of the iiati\cs, who all tlcil as he approached them. .Some of the men having been fcnt to get \wm)cI and water, they 110 fooner went on board to dinner, than the natives came down to the plaie, and examined the I alks with great aitention, but did not oiler to re- move them. When the people were on (liore in tl'c atteiniKin, about 10 of the natives, ail aimed, ad- vanced within a trilling dillance of them, and then flopped, while two of their number approached (till nearer. Mr. Hicks, the commanding ollicer on fhore, went towards them, with prefcnts in his hands, an(l endeavoured, by every pollible means to affure them of his friendly intentions, but to no purpofe, for tliey re- tired before he came up to them. In the eveniiijf;, Mclfrs. Banks and Snlander, went with the captain to a cove north of the bay, where they caught betnecii three and lour humlrcd weight of tiih, at tour hauls. On Monday the ;{oth, the natives came down to the huts before it was light, and were repeatedly heard to (hout very loud, and foon after day- break they were feen on the Leach, but quickly retired about a mile, and kindled feveral lii-es in the woods. I'his day fome of the fliip's crew being employed in cutting grafs at a diflance from the mam body, while the natives pur- fued them, but Hopping within fifty or lixty yarm of them, they Ihouted leveral times, and retreated to the wotxls. In the evening they behaved exadly in the fame manner, when the captain followed them alone and unarmed fur fome time, but they flill retired as he approached. On Tuefday, May the firft, the fouth point of the bay was named Sutherland Point, one ot^ the feanien of the name of Sutherland, having died that day, was buried on fliore ; and more prefents were left in the huts, fuch as looking-glaflcs, combs, &c. but the for- mer ones had not been taken away. Making an ex- curfion about the country, wc found it agreeably varie- gated with wood and lawn, the trees being flrait and tall, and without underwood. The country might be cultivated without cutting down one of them. The grafs grows in large tufts, almofl clofe to each other, and there is a great plenty of it. In this excurlion, we met with many places where the inhabitants hkd flept without flielter, and one man, who ran away the moment he beheld us. More prefents were left in their huts, and at their fleeping-places, in hopes of producing a friendly intercourfe. We faw the dung of an animaT which fed on grafs, and traced the foot-lleps of another, which had claws like a dog, and was about the (ize of a wolf:' alfo the tnick of a fmall animal, whofe foot was like that of a pole-cat : and faw one animal alive, about the fize of a rabbit. We found fome wood that had been felled, and the bark (Iript off COOK'i FIRST VOYAGE— for Inaking Di/twtrtet in the S$iit6 Sttt Ic Round the tytrU. 6 1 b* the ntlivMb Md ftven* growing tree*. In which fteiM had been cut, for iN co«»«ii»ence of afcendmg them. The woodaabound wliha vaft vaneiv of beautiful birds, amoflf which were cockatooM. and parroqurti, which flew in Urge flocki. The fecond lieuKnanJ. Mr. Ore, having been with a boat in order to drudge for rvften, fawTome Indlani, who made flgni for him I to come on ftiore, which he declined : having ftnijhcd . hit buflnefi, he fent the boat away, and went by land ; with a midthipman, to join the party that w«i getting , water. In their wajr they met with more than ao o» the native*, who followed them fo clofc a« to tome within a few yardiof thcim Mr. Gore ftopiKd «nd fuccd them, on which the Indiana flopped alfo, and when he proreedcd again, they followed hmi i but they did not attack him iliough they had each man a lance. The Indiana coming in fignt of the water-cafki, (»6od at the diftance of a quarter of a mile, while Mr. Gore and hii companion* reached their (hip-mate« in fafety. Two or three of the watereri now advanced towards the Indians, but obfcrving they did not retire, they very imprudently turned about, and retreated haflilyt this apparent flgn of cowardice infpircd the favagcs. who diRhargedrour of their lances at ihc fugitives, which flying beyond them, they cfcoped unhurt. They now flopped to pick up the lances i on which the Indians retired in their turn. At this inflant the captuin came up with Meflrs. Banks and Solander. and Tupia ad- vancing made figns of friendihipi but the poor na- tives would not flay their coming up to them. On the following day they went again on fliore, where n frc(h water, wc prooeeded, however, up the country.' and in the interior paru, we found gum-tree*, on the branche* whereof were white ants nefts formed of clay, as big a) a buflwl. On another U(c we faw black ants^ i»hich rj ■' .tu. COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Djfcoveries in the South Seat & Round the ^or/readth of a jcds. The ch afforded )f cncamp- I the wind, nd as there agined that in the open med, Taata toftheba)r, of a point, the capuin whereof we en>bling the high. We ng the main nd us. he range of , which ap- allow water, K more than im the cabin The ground eedily feizcd atcr. Thcfc blue, with a blue on the e back, we failed to it of land we |e number of is cape and \'i, and to e admiral. In land clofe he weft, we re we were ree fathonv lut the (hip of deeper hh an eafy jceof a bay. (hip, and ly her over ard, hav« ,n the even* bottoiD,at Is of laying \A therefore Intent place llander and [alking ex- icovered i bearded, |ur cloaths, means of Icnted with trcre found but to ouip tV> frelh iintry,' and on the I of clay, |btack anti, ivblch which perforateu all the twigs, and after they had eaten out the pith, formed their lodging m the hol- lows which conuined it , vet the trees were m a Hou- Tifting condition. Wc alfo faw in the air many thou- Cmds of butterflies, which ever way we looked ; and every bough was covered with incredible numbers. On the dry ground we difcovered. fuppofed to have been left by the tide, a fi(h about the (vk of a mm- now, having two ftrong breaft fins, with which it leaped (kway as nimbly as a frog: it did not appear to be weakened by being out of the water, nor even to pre- fer that element to the land, for when feen in the water it leaped on (horc, and purfued its way. It was like- wife remarked, that where there were fmall ftones jpro- jeifling ^bove the water, it chofe rather to leap from one ftonc to another, than to pafs through the water. On Wedncfday the jotli Capt. Code, and other gen- tlemen/ went afliore, and having gained the fummit of a hill, took a furvcy of the coaft, and the adjacent idands, which being done, the Captain proceeded with Dr. Solander up an inlet, that had been difcovered the pteceding day ; but the weather proving unfa- vourable, and from a fear of being bewildered among the (hoals in the night, they returned to the fliip, hav- ing feen the whole day, only two Indians, who fcUowcd the boat a confiderablc way along (bore ; but the tide running ftrong, the Captain thought it not prudent to wait for them. While thefe gentlemen were tracing the inlet, Mr. Banks, with a party, endeavoured to penetrate into the country, and having mer with a piece of (wampy ground, we refolvcd to pafs it j but oefore wc got half way, wc found the mud almoft knee deep. The bottom was qovcrcd with branches of trees, interwoven on the furface of the fwamp, on which we fometimcs kept our fooling t fometimes our feet flipt thipugh ; and fometimes we were fo entangled among them, as not to be able to free ourfclvcs but by groping in the mud and flime with our hands. However, we crofted it in about an hour, and judged it might be about a quarter of a mile over. Having performed this difagreeable talk, we came to a fpot where had been four fmall fires, near which were fome bones of fifti that had been roafted; alfo grafs laid in heaps, whereon four or five perfons probably had flept. Our fecond lieutenant, Mr. Gore, at another place, faw the track of a large animal, near a gully of water ; he alfo heard the founds of human voices, but did not fee the people. At this place two tunles, fome water fowl, and a few fmall birds, were feen. As no water was to be found in our diiferent excurfions, for feveral of our trew were alfo rambling about, the Captain called the inlet where the ftiip lay, Thirfty Sound. It lies in la- titude 22 deg. 10 min. fouth, and jn 2iodeg. 18 min. weft longitude, and may be known by a group of iflands that lie right before it, between three and four leagues out at fea. We had not a (ingle inducement to ftay iohgcr in a place, where we could not be fupplied with frelh water, nor with providon of any kind. We caught neither fi(h oor wild fowl ; nor could we get a (hot at the fame kind of water-fcwl, which we had feen in Bo- tany Bay. Therefore on the 3 1 ft at (ix o'clock, A.M. we weighed anchor, and put to fea. We kept without the iftands that lie in (horc, and to the N. W. of Thirfty Sound, as there appeared to be no fafe paffage between . them and the main, at the fame time we had a number of iftands without us, extending as far as we could fee. Pier head, the N. W. point of Thirfty Sound, bore S. E. diftant (ix leagues, being half way between the iflands which are ofi* the eaft point of the weftem in- let, and three fmall iflands that lie diroflly without them, Having (ailed round thefe laft, we came to an anchor in fifteen .".i^hom water, and the weather being dark, hazy, and rainy, wc remained, under the lee of ljic.m till feven o'clock of the next morning. On the (ft of June, we got under fail, and our lati- tude by Obfervation was 21 deg. 29 min. fcuth. W^ had now quite open the weftern inlet, which wc have . diftinguiftied by the name of Broad Sound. A point of land which forms its N. W. entrance, we named Cape I>)inetfton, lying in at deg. 30 min. S. latitude and in 210 deg. 54 min. W. longitude. Between this cape and Cape Townfhend is the bay, which we have called the Bay of Inlets. At eight in the evening, we an- chored in eleven filthom, with a fandy bottom, about two leagues from the main landi Saturday the 2nd, we got under fail, and at noon, in latitude 20 drg. 56 min. we faw a high promontory* which we named Cape Hilllborough. It bore W. half N. diftant feven miles. The land appeared to abound in wood and hertiage, and is diverfified with hills, plains, and valleys. A chain of iflands large and fmall arc fituated at a diftance from the coaft and under the land, from fome of which we faw fmokc afccnding ill different places. On Sunday, the 3d, we difcovered a point of land, which we called Cape Conway, and between that and Cape Hilllborough, a bay to which we gave the name of Repulfe Bay. The land about Cape Conway forms A. moft beautiful landfcape, being diverfified with hills, dales, woods, and verdant lawns. By the help of out glaffes we difcovered two men and a woman on one of the iflands. and a canoe with an outrigger like thofe of Otaheite. This day we named the iflands Cumberland Iflands, in honour of the dukcj and a paflage which we had difcovered, was called Whitfunday palTage, from the day on which it was feen. At day^^break, on Mon* day the 4th, we were abreaft of a point. Which we called Cape Gloucefter. Names were alfo given this day to three other places, namely, Holbome Ifle, Edg- cumbe Bay, and Cape Upftart, which laft was fo called becaufe it rifes abruptly (rom the low lands that fur* round it. Inland are fome hills or mountains, which like the cape afford but a barren profpeft. On Tuefday the 5th, we were about four leagues from land, and our latitude by obfervation was 19 deg. 1 2 min. S. We faw very lan?e columns of fmoke ri- fing from the low lands. We continued to ftecr W.N. W. as the land lay, till noon on the 6th, when our latitude by obfervation was 1 9 deg. 1 min. S. at which time we had the mouth of a bay all open, diftant two leagues. I'his we named Cleveland Bay, and the eaftr point Cape Cleveland. The weft, which had the ap- pearance of an ifland, we called Magnetical ifland, be caufe the compafs did not traverfe well when we were near it : they are both high, as is the main land be tween them, the whole forming a furface the moft rugged, rocky, and barren of any we had feen upon the coaft : yet it was not without inhabitants, for we faw fmoke in feveral parts of the bottom of the bay. Thurfday the 7th, at day-break wc were a-breaft of the eaftern part of this land, and in the afternoon faw feveral large columns of fmoke upon the main ; alfo canoes, and fome trees, which we thought were thofe of the cocoa-nut : in fearch of which, as they would have been at this time very acceptable. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander wentafhore with lieutenant Hicks ; but iii the evening they returned with only a few plants, ga- thered from the cabbage palm, and which had been miftaken for the cocoa tree. On Friday, the 8th, we ftood away for the norther- moft point in fight, to which we gave the nameof Point Hillock. Between this and Magnetical ifle the (hore forms Halifax Day, which affords flielter from all winds. At fix in the evening we were a-breaft of a point of land, which we named Cape Sandwich. From hence the land trends W. and afterwards N, forming a fine large bay, which was named Rockingham Bay. We now ranged northward alon^ the flwre, towards a dufter of iflands, on one of which about forty or fifty men. women, and children were ftanding together, all . ftark naked, and looking at the (hip with a curiofity never obfcrved among thefe people before. At noon our latitude, by obfervation. was 17 deg. 59 min. and we were a-breaft of the north point of Rockingham Bay, which bore from us W. diftant about two miles. This boundary of the bay is formed by an ifland of con< fiderable height, wnich we diftinguilhed by the name of L^:.k Ifle. On Saturday, the 9th, in the morning, we were a-brcaft of fome fmall iflands, which were named Frank- 64 Cipt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. t I n FrankUnd'i Iflei. At noon we were in the middle of the chuinel, and by obfcrvation in latitude i6 dcg. 57 min. S. Mid in longitude 314 deg. 6 min. W. with twenty fathom water. The point on the main of which we were now abrcaft Capt. Cook named Cape Grafton. Having hauled round this, we fitund a bay three miles to the weftward, in which we anchored t and called the ifland Green Mand. Here Mr. Banks and Ur. Solan- der went aftiore with the captain, with a view of pro- curing water, which not being to be had ealily, they foon returned aboard, and the next day we arrived near Trinity Bay, fo called becaufc difcovercd on Trinity Sunday. Suniday the loth was remarkable for the dangerous fituation of the Endeavour, as was Tuefday the 1 2th 1 for her prefervation and deliverance, as chriftians, or only moral jphilotbphers, we oucht to add, agreeable to the will of an overruling providence, who ihut up the fea with doors, who appointed for it a decreed place, and iaid. Thus fiir thou ihall come, and here (hail thy proud waves be flayed. As no accident remarkably unfortunate had faiefiillen us, during a navigation of more than thirteen hundred miles, upon a coaft every where abouadiiK with the mod dangerous rocks and flwals, no name ofdiftrefs had hitherto been given to any cape or point of land which we had fccn. But we now gave the name of Cape Tribulation, to a point we had juft feen brtheft to the northward, be> caufe here we became acquainted with misfortune. The cape lies in latitude 16 dcg. 6 nun. S. and 314 deg. 39 nun. W. longitude. This day, Sunday the loth, at fix in the evening we flwrtened (ail, and hauled oif flwie clofe upon a wmd, to avoid tlie danger of fome rocks, which were ieen a-hesd. and to oMeivc whether any idands lay in the offing, at we weic near the Utitudeof thofe ifland^ faid to have been difcovercd by Qiiiros. We kept (landing off fimm fix o'clock till near nine, with a fine breeze and Iwight moon. We had wot into twenty-one fathom water, when fuddenly we lell into twelve, ten and eight fiithom, in a few minutes. Every man was indantly ordered to bis (lation. and we were on the point of anchoriqg, when, on a fudden, we had again deep water, lb that we thought all daiwer at an end, concluding we had failed over the tail of fame (hoals, which we bad lisen in the evening. We had twenty fiuhoms and up. ivar«b before tea o'clock, and this depth continuing (bme time, the gsntlemm, who had hitherto been upon du^, retired to left i but in left than an hourihe water ihaUowed at once from twenty to feventeen fathoms, and before foundings could he taken the (hip (Inick upon a rock, and remained Immoveable. Every one was in- dantly on deck, with countenances fully expreflive of the horrors of our fituatian. Knowing we were not near the fhorc, we concluded chat we were upon a rock of coraL the poinu of which are fharp, and the fur&cc fb rough, as to grind awajr whatever it nibbed againd, even with the gnwled motion. All the fails being im- mediately taken in, and our boau boided out, we round, that the (hip bad been lUttd over a ledge of the rock, aivl lav in a hollow widiin it. Finding the water was deepefl a^lem, we carried out the anchor from the darboard quarter, and applied our whole force to the capdan, in hopes to get the vefTel off, but in vain. She now beat fo violently agaiaft the rock, that the crew could fcarcely keep on their legs. The moon (hone bright, bv the liriit of which we could fee the fheath- ingrbowas float mm the bottom of the vefTel, till at length the CMfc keel followed, fo that we expeded in- dant dcftrudHon. Our bed chance of efcaping feemcd now to be by IWnening het t but having druck at high water, we fhom lave been in our prefent fituation after the vefTel fhould dtaW as much Ids water as the water had funk 1 our anxiety abated a liale, on finding that £' e fliip fettled on the focks u the tide ebbed, and we ttem ourfelves, thWt if the (hip fhould keep to> Cher till next tide, wemi^t have fonne, chance of iting her. We therefore indantly fbuted the water in the hold, and Puowed it up. The decayed doses, ^.jart, calks, bdltaft, px guns, and other tm^ m*n thrown overboard, in ordertoget at the heavier articles' and in this bufinefs we were employed till day-brtak* during ^1 which time not an oath was fwom, fo much were the minds of the failora impreflbd with a fetife of their danger. On Monday the 1 ith, at day-light we faw land at eight leaKUCs didance. but not a fmele ifland between us and the main, on which part of the crew mjght have been landed, while the boat went on Aorewiili the red : fo that the dedrtiAion of the greater part oT us would have been inevitable .had the fhip gone to pieces. It happened that the wind died away to a dead calm before noon. As we expe^ed high-water about eleven o'clock, every thing was prepared to make Mo. thcr effort to free the ftiip, but the tide fiill fomuch fliort of that in the night, that fhe did not Boat by §8 inthcs, though we had thrown over-board near fifty tons weight : we therefore renewed our roil, am) threw over-board every thing that could pofHUy be fparedi as the tide fell, the water poured in fo rapidly, that wc could fcarcc keep her free by the condant working of two pumps. Our only hope now depended on the mid* night tide, and preparatknis were accofdlngiv made for another cdbrt to get the fliip off. The tide bcnn to rife at five o'clock, when the leak likewife InciotKbd to fuch a degree, that two pumps more were nmnned. but only one of riiem would work 1 three, therefore, wcif kept goiiig. till nine oVIodt, at which time the (hip righted 1 but fo much water had been admitted by the leak, that we expcdled die would (ink u fboa as the wa-: ter fliould bear her off die rodk. Our fituatian was now deplorable, beyond dcfcription,almoft all hope being at an end. We knew that when the fiital moment (hould arrive, all authority would be at an end. The boau were incapable of conveyiiw all on fhore. and we dn-aded a conted for the preference^ u more diocking than the diipwreck itfelf: yet it wu conGdered, that thofe who might be left on board, would eventually meet with a milder fate than thofe who, by gaining the fliore, would have no chance but to linger out the rc^ mains of life among the luded fiivages in the univcrfc, and in a country, where fire-anns would barely enable them to fuppoit thenifclvcs in a mod wretched fitua- tion. At twenty minutes after ten the fliip floated, and was heaved into deep water, when we were happy to find that fhe did not admit more water than (be had done before : yet as the leak had for a confiderable time gained on the pumps, there was now three feet nine inches water in the hold. By this time the men were fo worn by fatigue of mind and body, that none of them could pump more than five or fix minutes at a time, and then threw themfelves, quite fpent. on the deck, amidd a dream of water which came from the pumps. The fucceeding man being fiitigued in his turn, threw himfelf down in the fame manner, while the former jumped up and renewed his labour, thus mutually druggling for life, till the following accident had like to have given thetn up a prey to abfblute defpair, and thereby infured our dedru^n. Between' the infide lining of the fhip's bottom, which is called the cieling, and the outfide planking, there is a fpace of about (feventeen or eighteen inches. The man who had hitherto taken the depth of water at the well, had taken it no farther than the cidtng, but being now relieved by another pcrfon, who took the depth of the outfide Slank, it appeared by this midake, that the leak had iddenly eained upon the pumps, the whole difference between the two planks. This circumftance depriv^ ui of all hopes, and fcarce any one thought it worth while to bbour for the longer prefirvation of a lifo which mud fe fbon have a period : but the midake was foon difeovcred 1 and the joy arifing from fuch un> expc(5lcd good news infpired the men with fo much vigour, that before eight o'clock in the morning, they I had pumped out confiderably more water than they hod ; (hipped. We now talked of nothing but gjttting the fliip into fome harbour, and fet heartily to work to get in the anchors ; one of which, and the cable of another, . . we kid I but thefe were now confUered as trifles. ii|av« Mng a gaiod breece (jtom fea, we got under fail at ei^cn o'clock, !f»jj*f?-',:;:-i?fir».:"^-4' s I '''"^^^^W"^'- I.".". Vi^-.ir'" ' i ,yj*^ 'i*«* "^^'':S m^-. '"'^^^ f'"^'":. :'■''■"' --r^^M^ J.iji-'.'HK " "it. t::J'^, .i./T--i:-r yi; ^ ifSlt^ »'ti,. - 1' ■ I ,1 ■'t'-*' »f % ail illa^^kksMik- m >■ e t;.i! ; ■;«"■- " ■ ■■' — ,>7 --''Mr h ".'fv^f ;;, {, , ■ •ftitjfte ■ ' im .y* ill r t COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making J^ctwrui in tl>e iSouiA Sess & Round the fi^orrJ. 6$ olclockT and ftccrcd for land. A» we could not difco. ikt iHe exaft fituation of the leak, we had no profpcdt 6f ftotoplng it within fide of the veflcl, but on Tucfday Ac nth, the following expedient, which one of the faldfli^bbtn had formerly leen tried with fuccefi, Waa lidoptcid. We took an old ftuddirtg^fail. and havingj mixed a large qManiltv of oakham and wool, chopped fnull, it WM (licchcd down in handfuli on the fail, at lightly at poflible. the dung of Iheep and other filth heing QNCtd over it. Thus prepared, the fail was HauM under the (hip, by ropei, which kept it extended tfli it came under the leak, when the fu^ ham, wool, &c. nhich had got between the timbers, and dopped thofe parts of the leak that the done had left open. Exclufive of the leak, great damage was done to various parts of the (hip's bottom. While the fmiths were employed in making nails and bolts, the carpenters began to work on the velTel; and fome of the people were lent on the other fide of the river to (hoot pigeons for the fick. They found a dream of frefli water, feveral inhabitants of the Indians, and faw a moufe-coloured animal, exceeding fwift, and about the fizeof a greyhound. On Saturday, the 33d, a boat was difpatched to haul the feine, and returned at noon with only three fifli, and yet we faw them in plenty leaping about the harbour. This day many of the crew fiiw the animal above-men> tioiied ; and. one of the Teamen declared he had feen the devil, which John thus defcrfbed, " He was," fays he, " as laige as a one gallon keg, and very like it : he had horns and wings, yet he crept fb flowljr through the grafs, that, if I had not been afeard, I mig^t have toucned him." This formidable apparition we after- wards difcovered to have been a batt, which we mud acknowledge has a frightful appearance, it being black, and fiill as large as a partttdge; biit the man's own ap* prehenfions hiul furniflied his devil with horns. Sunday, Mr. Gore, and a party of men fent out with him, procured a bunch or two of wild planuins, and a few palm cabbages, for the refrelhment of the fick: and this day the Captaiti.and Mr. Banks faw the animal already mentioned. It had a long tall that ir carried like a greyhound, leaped like a deer, and the point of its foot refemblcd that of a ^t. "The lepAirs bf die (hip on the darboard-Iide having been finilhol the pre. ceding day, the carpenters now began to «ork'und^ her larboard bowi and being exMiuoedabdft, ii; appcar- 1. m W\ 1) 66 TT mm Cipi; C dJLK.'x V 9 Y AQU8 CO M V L E V ft. rU "1 '.< )U' ) i.i n cd (he had receive!^ very little injury in that quarter. Mr. Banki having removed hit, whole colleuion of piantt into the bread room, .they were this day under water, by which Toine of th^nn were totally deltroyed ; however by great care ino(i.Bf them wer? redorcd to. a ftate of prefervation. A plant wai foqnd this day,, the 35th, the leaves of which were almod as good as Qiinnage > alio a fruit of a deep purple colour, and the nze of a golden pippin, which after having been kept a few days taAed like a damfon. On lucfday, the 36th, the carpenter was engaged in caulking the Ihip, and the men in other necc^tiiiry buiinefs 1 and on the 37th the armourer continued to work at the forge, and the carpenter on the (hip ; while the Captain made fe- veral hauls with the large net, but caught only between twenty a|id thirty (ifl>, which were diftributed among the (ick, ^nd thofe who were not yet quite recovered. \Ve, began this day to move fome of the weight from the a(tcr-part of the fhip forward, to eafe her. On the 38th, Mr. Banks with fomc fcamen went up into the country, to whom he (hewed a plant which ferved them for greens, and which the inhabitants of the We(l-In- dics call Indian Kale. Here wc faw a tree notched for climbing: alfo nefls of white ants from a few inches to five feet in height, prints of mens feet, and the tracks of three or four aninials were likewife difcovered. On Friday the 39th, at two o'clock in the morning, Capt. Cook with Mr. Green, obferved an emerfion of Jupiter's firft fatellite: the time here was 3 hours 18 min. j3 k<^ which makes the longitude of this place 214 deg. 42 min. 30 fee. W. and the latitude i j dcg. 26 min. S. At dawn of day the boat was Tent out to haul for fi(h, and took what made an allowance of one pound and a half to each man. One of our mid(hip- mcn, this day abroad with his gun, reported, thnt nc had fcen a wolf, relcmbling exaaly the fame fpccics in America, at which he (hot, but could not kill it. The next morning, being the 30th, the captain afccndcd a hill to a take a view of the fea, when he obferved innu- merable fand banks and (hoals, in every dircdion ; but to the northward there was an appearance of a palTagc, which feemcd the only way to fteer clear of the fur- rounding dangers, efpecially as the wind blows con- ftantly from the S. E. Mr. Gore faw this day two (traw coloured animals of the fizc of a hare, but (haped like a dog. In the afternoon the people returned with fuch a quantity of (i(h, that two pounds and a half were di(tributed t6 each man t and plenty of greens had been gathered, which when boiled with peas made an excellent mefs. and we all thought this day's fare an unjpeakable refrelhment. On Sunday the 1 (t of July all the crew had permif- fion to go on (hore. except dne from each m^fs. part of whom Were agdin fent out with the feine, and were again equally fucCefsful. Some of our people who went up in the country, gave an account of their hav- ing feen feveral animals, and a (ire about a mile up the river. On Tuefday the 3d, the mafter, who had been fent in the pinnace, returned, and reported, that he had found a paUage out to fea, between (hoals which coh- fiHed of cor» , rocks, many whereof wete dry at low watei'. He found fonie Cockles fo large, that one, of them was more thait fuflRcient for two men: like- wife plenty of other fhell-(i(h, of which he brought a fupply to the (hip, in his return to which he had landed in a bay where Utrnt Indians were at fupper ; but they inftantly retired, leaving fome fea eggs by a (ire for drefling tltemJ This day we madie another attempt to ' float the '(hip. and happily fucceeded at high w^tcr : ■ when we found, that by 'the pofition (he had lain in, one of her planks was (jprung;, fo that it was again ne- ceflvy to lay her alhore. An alligator fwam by her fe- v««l tiroes at high water. , /'.' Wedftefday the 4th was employed' in trii^ming her| upoa aii eveo ked, wairping her over, and lading her' down on ii &itd-biuik, 6ii uilfouth fide of the river ; , and on the next day, ^ itii, (he was agiiiti floated,; and nbofcd off the beach, in order to receive the ftora on board. This day we croiTed the harbour, and fininii «n a fiudy beach a {^r Aumber of fruits, not 3 TT difcovered before , among othcr» a cocoa.nut, wWcli' Tupia fjiid had been opened by a crab, fin<| was judoed to fx what the Dutch call Bc.irs Krabbe.' the v«S^ table fubftancfa which Mr banks picj^ Mp>cre ?n. crufted with marine producHons, and covered with barnacles, a proof of their having been tranrplanted, probably from Terra del Efoeritp !Janto. This gentle., man with a party having failed up the river on the 6tli, to make an cxcurfion up th^ country, returned on the 8th. Having (bllowcd the courfe of the river, they found It at length contraflcd into a narrow channeL bounded by fteep bank*, adorned with trees of a mott beautiful appearance, among which was the bark tree. The land was low and covered with grafs. and feemed capable of being cultivated to great advantage. The night, though wc had made a fire on the baiiks of the river, was rendered extremely difagrccable by the (lings of the mufquitos, that caufe an almoft intolera- ble torment. Going in purfuit of game, we faw four animals, two of which wej-e chafed by Mr. Binks'a greyhound, but they greatly outftripped him in fpeed, by leaping over the long thick grafs, which incom. modcd the dj»g in runninc;. It was obferved of the animals, that they bounded forward on two legs inllead of running on four. Having returned to the boat we pro- ceeded up the river, till it contnwfled to a brook of (re(h water, but in which the tide rofc condderably. Having (lopped to pafs the night, with hope of fome reft, wc faw a fiiinke at a dillance, on which three of us ap- proached it, but the Indians were gone. We faw the imprcfTions of feet on the fand. below high-water mark, and found a (ire Hill burning in the hollow of an old tree. At a fmall diftance were feveral huts, and wc obferved ovens dug in the ground : the remains of a recent meal were likewife apparent. We now retired to our reding-place, and flcpt on plantain leaves, with a hunch of grafs for our pillows, on the fide of a fand* bank, under the (hclter of a bu(h. The tide favour- ing our return in the morning, we loft no time in get- ting back to the (hip. The mafter, who had been feven leagues at fea. returned foon after Mr. Banks, bringing with him three turtles, which he took with a bbau hook, and which together weighed near eight hundred pounds. He was fent out next morning, and Mr. Banka accompanied him with proper inftrumeots (or catching turtle : but not being fuccefsful. he would not go back that night, fo that Mr. Banks, after colleding fomfc (hells and marine produdHons. returned in his own fmall boat. In the morning the fecond lieutenant waa fent to bring the mafter back, foon after which four In- dians, in a (mall canoe, were within fight. The cap> tain now determined to take no notice of thefe people, as the moft likely way to be noticed by them. 'Thia projedl anfwered 1 two of them came within mufquet (hot of the veflTel, where they converfcd very loud i in return, the people on board (houted, and made figna of invitation. The Indians gradually approached, with their lances held up; hot in a menacing manner, but as if they meant to intimate that they were capable of defending themfelves. They came aunwft along-fide, when the captain threw them ckxb, nails, paper. &c which did not feem to attraA their notices at length one of the failors threw a fmall fi(h, which fo pleafeof them, that they hinted their defigns of bringii^ their com- panions, and immediately rowed for the ftiore. In the interim, Tupia and ftmie of the crew landed on theop- pofite (hore. The four Indians now came quite aloi^- fide rhe (hip, and having received fiirther prefents, landed where Tupia and the failora had gone. Hiey had each two hlncesi and a ftick with which they threw them. Advancing towards the Englifh, Turaa per- fuaded them to lay down their arms, and fit by him. which they readily did. Others of theerew now going on (hore, the InduM feemed jeakxit, left the/ dwuU get between them and their arms, but care wai taken to convince them that no fuch thing waa intended, arid more trifles were {Atfented to than. The crew ftaid with them till dinner-time, and then made (igns«f iii- -vitation for them to go to the (hip and nti !>•<( thia ' they declined, and letirad >o theircinoe^ tiifSt tneh ■ treic AMMM^Iillta COOK'S FlkST VOYAGE— for mMng Dijhvrt^ in tha S*iiti Stai & Round the fTtrU. ti ■ were of ihe common (latuM* with very fmall limbli Ihelr complexion w«i of ■ deep chocolate i their hair bikck, either lank or curled, but not of the wflolly kind i the breaftt and upper lip of one of them were painted with ftreaki of white, which he culled carbanda, and fome part of their bodies had been painted red. Thehr teeth were white and even, their eyes bright, and their features rather pleafinff t their voices mufical, and they repeated feveral Engli(h words with great readinefs. The next morning, the vifit of three of thefe In- dians was renewed, and they brought with thein a Axirth, whom they called Yaparico, who appeared to be a perfon of fome confequence. The bone of a bird, about fix inches long, was thruft through the griftic of his nofci and indeed all the inhabitants of this place had their nofcs bored, for the reception of fuch an or- nament. Thefe people being all naked, the captain gave one of them an old Oiirt. which he bound round his head like a turban, inftead of ufing it to cover any part of his body. They brought a filh to the ftjip. which was fuppofed to be in payment for that given them the day before : after flaying fome time with ap- parent fatisfadlion, they fuddenly leaped into their ca- noe, and rowed otf, from a jcaloufy of fome of the gentlemen who were examining it. On the 1 2th of July, three Indians vifited Tupia's tent, and after remaining fome time, went for two others, whom they introduced by name. Some fifli was offered them, hut they fccmcd not much to regard it ; after eating a little, they gave the remainder to Mr. Banks's dog. Some ribbands which had been given them, to which medals were fufpended round tneir necks, were fo changed by fmoke, that it was difficult to judge what colour they hiid been, and the fmoke had Aiade their (kins look darker than their na- tural colour, from whence it was thought that they had flcpt clofc to their fires, as a preventative againll the lUng of the mufquitos. Both the Grangers had bones through their nofcs, and a piece of bark tied over their foreheads ; and one of them had an ornament of ftrings round .his arm ; and an elegant necklace made of (hells. Their canoe was about ten feet long, and calculated to hold four perfons, and when it was in (hallow water they moved it by the help of poles. Their lances had only a (ingle point, ami fome of them were barbed with fifh-bones. On the 14th Mr. Gore (hot one of the moufe-coloured animals above-mentioned. It chanced to be a young one, weighing more than 38 pounds; but when they arc full grown, they are as large as a ihcep. The (kin of this bcaft which is called Kanga- roo, is covered with (hort fur, and is of a dark moufe colour; the head and ears are fomcwhat like thofeOf a hare; this animal was drelFcd for dinner, and proved fine .eating. The (liip's crew fed on turtle almofr every diy, which were liner than thofe eaten in England, owing to their being killed before their natural fat was wafted, and their juices changed. On' the 17th, Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander went with the capuin into the woods, and faw four Indians in a canoe, who went on (Iiore, and walked up without fign of fear. They accepted fome beads, and departed, intimating that they did not chufe to be followed. The natives being now become familiar with the (hip's crew, one of them was defired to throw his lance, which he did with fuch dexterity and force, that though it was not above four feet from the ground at the higheft, it f penetrated deeply into a tree at the diftance of fifty yards. The natives now came on board the (hip, and were well pleafed with'their entertainment. On the 19th, we faw feveral of the women, who, as veil as the men, were quite naked. We were this day vifited bv ten Indians, who feemed refolved to have one of the tunles that was on board, which they re- peatedly made fiens for. and being as repeatedly re. fulM, they exprefled the utmofl rage and refentment, one of them m particular, having received a denial .front Mr. Banks, heilainped. and pufhed him away in « moft violent manner. At length they laid hands on two «f the turtles, and drew them to the fide of the fliip where the canoe lay, but the faiters took them away. 7^ "*■<'* feveral flmilar attempts, but bcin^ equally unfuccefsfiil, they leaped fuddenly into their canoe, and rowed off. At inis inftant the captain, with Mr. Banks, and five or fix of the feamen, went on (hore, where they arrived before the Indians, and where many of the crew were already employed. As foon as the Indians landed, one of them fnatched a fire brand from under a pitch-kettle, and running to the windward of wha; effeos were left on (hore, fet fire to the dry grafs, which burned rapidly, fcorched a pig to deathi burned part of the fmith's forge, and would have deliroyed a tent of Mr. Banks, but that fome pco- pie came from the (hip jufi in time to get it out of the way of the flames. In the mean while the Indians went to a place where the fi(hing-nets lay, and a quan- tity of linen was laid out to dry, and there again fet fire to the grafs, in fpite of all pcrluafion, and even of threats. A mufquet loaded with finall fl ot was fired, and one of them being wounded, they ran away, and this fecond fire was e^xtinguilhed ; but the other burned far into the woods. The Indians dill continuing in fight, a mufquet charged with ball was fired, the report only of which fcnt them out of fight ; but their voices being heard in the woods, the Captain with a few people went to meet them. Both parties ftopped when in fight of each other I at which time an old Indian advanced before the rell a little way, but foon halted, and after having fpokc fome words, which we could not underltand, he retreated to his companions, and they all retired (lowly in a body. Having found means to ieize fome of their darts, we continued following them about a mile, and then (at down upon fome rocks, the Indians fitting down alfo about an hundred yards from us. The old man again came forward, having a lance without 9 point in his hand ; he (topped feveral times nt dif- ferent diftances, and fpoke, whereupon the captain made figns of friendfhip, which they anfwered. The old man now turned, and fpoke aloud to his compa- nions, who placed their lances againd a tree, and came forward in a friendly manner. When they came up to us, we returned the darts we had taken, and we per- ceived with great fatisfaC^ion, that this rendered the re- conciliation complete. In this party were four perfons whom we had not feen before, who, as ufual, were in- troduced to us by name, j^ut the man who had been wounded in the attempt to bum our nets, was not a- mong them. Having received from us fome trinkets, they walked amicably toward the coad, intimating by figns, that they would not fire the grafs again. When we came oppofite the (hip they fat down, out we could not prevail with them to go on board. They accepted a few mufquet balls, the ufe and ciTedl of which the Capuin endeavoured to explain. We then left them, and when arrived at the fiiip, we faw the woods burning at the didance of two miles. We had no conception of the (iiry with which gra(s will burn in this hot cli- mate, nor of the difficulty of extihguilhing it ; but we determined, that if it (hould ever again be necelTaiy for us to pitch out tents in fuch a (uuation, our firft work (hould be to clear the ground round us. Friday the 20th, our (hip being ready for Tea, the mader was fent in fearch of a pauiige to the north- ward, but could not find any; while tlu Qiptain found- ed and buoyed the bar. 'This day we faw not any In- dians : but the hills for many miles were on fire, which at night made an appearance truly fublime. On the 22nd, we killed a turtle, through both (boulders of which duck a wooden harpoon, near fifteen inches long, bearded at the end, and about the thicknels of a maiui finger, refembling fuch as we had feen among the na- tives. The turtle appeared to have been (Vruck a con- fiderable time, for the wound was perfectly healed. On the 24th, one of the (ailors, who with others had been fent to gather kale, having ftrayed from the led, fell in with four Indians K dinner. He was at firft . much alarmed, but had pnidence eiioug^ to. conceal his apprehcnfionst aiwl £tung down bf tton giiye them his knif^ which having examined^ th^ returned. He wouM then h«ve left ttont but they fconeddifpofed !•: ,,, 68 apt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. } m w- li- n to d^ttin him, till, by fieclinff hii handf and face, they were convinced he wu made of fleflt and Mnod lilie thcmrelve*. They treated him with great civility, and haviiif; kept him about half an hour, they made ti^nn that he tniftht depart. Wh«n he left them, not takmg the direift way to the fhip, they came from the fire, and (hewed him the neareft wayi from whence we con- clmled, that thry well knew fmm whence he came. We may here nhfer\'c, that the language of thcfe people fcemcd to us more harfli than that ofihe illanden in the South-Sea. They were continually repeating the word chercnu, a term, an wc imagined, of admiration. They aifo Cried our, when thrv faw any thing new, chcr, tut, tut, tut, tut I which probably wai a fimilar exprclTion. Mr. Banks hiving gone on Ihore in fearch of plants, found th^ cloth which had been diftributed among the natives, lyin^ in a heap, as ufelefs lumber. Indeed they Iremed to fet very little value upon any thing we had, except out turtle, a commodity we were iealt in- ctfned and able to fpare. Tuefday, the 24th, Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander rcturnihg from the woods, through a deep valley, found lying on the groimd, (everal marking nuts, the Ana. carmum oricntale; but they fought in vain for the tree thnt bore them. On the i6tn, as Mr. Hanks was again fearcliing the country to enrich his natural hif- tory, he took an animal of the Opotrum kind, with t\vo young ones. On the 37th, Mr. Gore (hot a Kanguroo, which weighed eighty-four pounds, though not at its full growth. When tlrcfTcd, on the 28th, wc found it had a much worfc flavour than that wc had eaten before. Sunday, the 29th, we got the anchor up, and made all ready to put to fca. A boat was fcnt out to afcer. tain what water was upon the bar; when returned, the officer reported, that there was only thirteen feet, which was fix inches lefs than the Ihip drew. Wc therefore this day gave up all hopes of failing. Mond.-ty, the 30th, we had frelh gales with hayy weather and rain, till Tiiefday, the 3 1 It, at two in the morning, when the weather became more moderate. During all this time the pinnace and yawl continued to ply the net and hook with tolerable good fucccfs, bringing in at diifer- cnt times a turtle, and from two to three hundred weight of fifli. On Wednefday, the ift of AuguH, the pumps were examined by the carpenter, who found them all in a (l.ite of decay, and fome quite rotten, owing, as he faid, to the fap having been left in the wood ; but as the fhip admitteo only an inch of water in an hour, we hoped fhe wai* ftout enough, and truftcd to her foundnefs. Or Saturday, the 4th, at feven o'clock in the morning, we once more got under fail, and put to fea. We Aood «fr E. by N. with the pinnace a-head to keep founding. About noon we came to an anchor, when the harbour from whence we had failed bore S. 70 W. diflant about five leagues. The Captain here named the northernmoft point of land in iight^ Cape Bedford, and the harbour ^ we had quitted, Endeavour River. Our latitude by ob. feirvation wai now 1 5 deg. 32 min. 8. Endeavour Ri> ver is only a fmall bar harbour. Or creek, which runs in a winding channel three or four leagues inland. The depth of water for (hipping, is not more than a mile within the bar, and only on the north fide. At the new aiid full of the moon, it tr high-rwater between nine and ten o'clock. It muft al(b be remembered, that this part of the coaft is fo tiarricaded with (hoals, as to make the harbour very difficult of accefs: the fafeft approach ii fWnn the fouthward, keeping the main land clofe u^ th* board all the way^ Over the fouth point is ftMt Hi^ land, but the nenrdi point ii formed Djr a low ^tidy bnchi. The provifiont we procured in thia har- bbgr, confiftcd of turtle, oyflera of oifftrcncrorts, cavaihe br fcomber, flat filli, Ikate or ray fiOigffvrflain. wild obetttt, and babbage-palma. Of quadraptda, there wt MMta, wolvei; pole-cata,^ tetted animal of die vW^Ott kind, and feveral kinda of ferpcnta, fome of which onfy aievcnMnou.: Degi are the only umtwiiinala. The |it|d fbi»b«te kitM, crowa, hawJca, toriquecs^ ^ockatooa, ^Mrt«tt,j^BaMiib Hldibiall bitdt of varwUf Ib^ta, the names of which we could not tearrt. The water fowla are wild geefe, curlieui, hena. whiftiing ducks, that perch on trees, and fome few othcri. The foil of the hills, though ftoney, produces coarfegrafk, befkles woodi that of the valkya is in general well cloaihcd, and haa the appearance of fertility. The trees here afr of va. nous foni, of which die guni'trces arc the moft com. mon* On each fide of the river an inangrovet, which m fome parts extend a mile within the coa(». The country U well watered, artd ant-hilla are evm where in great numben. On Saturday, the 4th, Captain Cook went up to the mall.head to kiok at fome dangerous (hoals, feveral of w hich he faw above the water. This day fuc h a quan- tity of fi(h wa< caught, as alkiwed a dividend of two pounds to each nun. During the fix following days, we attempted to fail between the flioals and breakers, by which we were every way furroundcd. On the loth, wc were between a head.land and three iflands, which had been difcovered the preceding day. M'e now en- tertaincd hopes of being out of danger j but thia noc proving to be the cafe, we called the head-land Cape Flattery. Some land waa now difcovered, and wasgene* rally taken for the main 1 but in the Captain's opinion, a cluftcr of iflands. Upon this diverfity of fentimentt, it was refolved to bring the fliip to an anchor. Thia done, the Captain landed, and from a high point took ■ > Purvey of the fea-coafi, by which he was confirmed in his conjtfdurc. On the point where he flood were feen the prints r,f human feet, in white fand of an cxquifite Hnciiels 1 and the place wa« named point Lookout. "To the northward of this, the coafi appeared to be fhool and flat, for a confiderable diftance, which did not en- cotiragc our hope, that the channel we had hitherto found in with the land would continue. On Saturday, the 1 ith, early in the morning, Mr. Banks and Capt. Cook went to vifit the largcfl of the three iflands, nnd having gained the fiimmjt of the highcfl hill, they beheld a reef of rocks, whereon the fca broke in a frightful mannert but the hazy weather preventing a perledt view, they lodged under a bulk during the night, and next day feeing what had the appearance ofa channel between the reefs, one of die mates, on the 1 ith, was fent ^t in the pinnace to exa> mine it i and at noon rfturned, having ftnind between fifteen and twenty-eight fathom of watbr ; but it blew (b hard, that the mate did not dare to venture into one of the channels, which he faki appeared to be very nar- row; but the Captain judged he had feen them to a difadvantage. While bufy m his furvey. Ma. Banks wai attentive to his favourite purfuit, and colleded many pUnts he had not before leen. This ifland, vifible at twelve leagues diflance, and in general barren, we found to be about eight leagues in circumference. Thett ire fome fandy bays ami low land on the N. W. fide, which is covered with kuig grafs, and trees of the fame kind with thofc on the maim lizards ofa very large fixe alfo abounded, fome of which we took. We found alfb frefh water in two placet t one running (Iream, dole to the fea, was a little brackifh 1 the other was a Ifauiding pool, pcrfedl^ fweet. We were furprized to fte, that, iiotwithltanding the diftance of this ifland from the main, it waa kimetimet vifited by the Indiana from thence t as was plain frtmi feven or eight firamea of their butt which we found. All thefe wrere built on eminencies, and from their fituation, we judged^ that the weather here, at certain feaCms, is invariw^ Calm and mild. On our return to the ftiip, the Oiptaiti named this place the Lizard IfTand, on account of out having feen no oth'e^ animals but lizardf. When re- turning, we landed on a low Andy ifland; upon which were birds of vaHoua kinda. We took a Je^ vfyeum eaglet, and therefore called the t>l«ce EadelflaiM. we found alio « neft of fotine other, Hrd, of a moif enor- mout f the country, from the jSth deg. of S. latitude to the prefent fpot, by the na;.;? of New South Wales, for his fovereign the King oif Great Britain: and three volleys of Imall arms being fired, and anfwered by an equal number from the En- deavour, the place received the name of PofTcffion Ifland. The next morning we faw three naked women colle(3ing flicU-fifli on the beach; and weighing anchor, gave the name of Cape Cornwall to the extreme point ofthe largcft ifland on the north-weft fide ofthe paf- fage : fome low iflands near the middle of the channel receiving the name of Wallis's Iflc; foon after which the (hip came to an anchor, and the long-boat was fent out to round. Towards evening we failed again, and the captain landed with Mr. Banks, on a fmall ifland which was frequented by immenfe numbers of birds, the majorinr of which being boobies, the place received the name of Booby Ifland. We were now advanced to the northern extremity of New Holland, and had the fatisfiidion of viewiiu the open fea to the weftward. The N. E. entrance otthe palTage is formed by the main land of New Holiand,and by a number of iflands, which took the name of the Prince of Wales's Iflands, and which Capt. Cook imagines may reach to New Guinea i thefe iflands abound with trees and grafs, and were known to be inhabited, from the fmoke that wufeen aicending in many places. To the paflage we had failed through, Capt. Cook nve the name of Endeavour Streights. New South Wales is a much Uiger country than any hiAierto * known. M 1 1; :'; I' ' 'I fe ' 7© C«pt. COOK'i VOYA G««|42,0 M rLTE T M. mmmam 1 ■., ;f ! . ' ■ II known, mmI not deemed a ODmincm, being larger than all Europe, which ii proved by the F.ndcavour'* having coaftcd more than 3000 niil«f, even If her tra^t were re- tuctA to a Hrait line. Northward of the latiiudv of jj dcg. the country ii hilly, yet not nKNintainoun but to the Ibuthward of that latitude, it ii moftly low and even ground. The hilU in general arc diverfiHed hy lawn* and woodi, and many ofthc valley* abmind with her- bage, though, on the whole, it cannot be dceniwl a fertile country. To the northward ihe graf* i» not fu rich, nor the tree* fo high ai in the routhern parti, ami almoft every where, even the largeft tree* grow at a ciiflanoc of not Icf* than thirteen yard* afundcr. In all mtte place* where the land (brim a b.iy, the Owre ia covered with mangrove*, that grow about a mile in land, in a fwampy ground, which the fpring tide* alway* overflowi in fome part* there are Dog*, covered with diick f(n(», and plenty of under-wood in the valley* 1 the foil in general feem* unfit for cultivation, though there are many (pot* where the arts of tillage might l)C attended With luccef*. There are feveral fait crceki, cunning in many diredionithrough the country, where, there are alfo brook* of frclh water,but there arc no ri- ver* of any confiderable extent 1 yet it feemed to be welt watered, a* the time when the (hip wa* on the coaA, wa« reckoned the dried feafon of the year. The Kum- trce which yieldi a refin like the dragons blood. Here are three kinds of palm-treei, two of which are fo jnd only in the northern diftrich Nut* fomewhat refemb- imgchefnuti arc produced b^r one of thefe, which were fuppofed to be eatable, yet (ome of the feamcn having nude free with them were taken very ill 1 two of whom died within a week, and it wa* not without difficulty riut the third wa< recovered. The Iccond fort of palm it much like the Weft Indian cabbage- tree, which yields a cabbage of an agreeable tatlc. The third fort abound* in the fouthern part, and produces a fmall cab- bage of a vcrv agreeable flavour, with many nuts, which fUrnifh food for hngs. There is likewife a tree on which grows apurple apple that taftes like a damofcenc, as we nave before obfcrved. ficfides thefe there is a fig-tree, producing fi^s, but not of the fineA fort, and they have another which bean a fort of plumb that is Hat on the fides like a cfieefe. A plant was found here, the leaves of which were like thofc of the bulrulh t it yields a bright yellow refin, that refemblet gumbouge, but docs not flam » it had a very agreeable (mell. We found two fortsof yanu, the one round and covered with (Iringy fibres, the other in flupe like a radifh t both of whicn are of a pleafant ufie. A fruit of a dilagreeable flavour was found, in fhape refembling a pine-apple; and another that was much like a cherry, but hada foft kernel. The country produces purflain and wild parfly. We Hiw here, befides the bead already mentioned, one that was called a quail, the belly of this animal was quite white, its back was brown with white fpots ; and it was like a pole-cat. Vail numbers of beautiful pi- geons were obfcrved, and the feamen (hot many of ihem, alfo eagles, hawks, ctanes, herons, buflarda, crows, parrots, parroqueta. cockajtoos, and fomc other birds of^ fine plumage, bcfide^ quails and doves. In this country there are but few infedls, and the anu and mufquitos are the chief among them. There aic four kinds of the former whichdefcrve particulartiotice. The fird of thefe are entirely green, and live on trees, where tlu-y build their nefls in a very curious manner, bending down the leaves, ana gluing them together with an animal juice, fuppofed to proceed from their own bodies. While feveral of thefe animals were bufied in this employ, thoufands were ioincd to keep the le^f in its proper ficuation, which, when they were difturbcd in i^eir work, flew back with a force that any one would have imagined to be fuperior to their united (Irengtht at the fame time thev avenged themfelves by fcverely Hinging their didurbcn. The fecond fpecies ofantt here are black, and live in the infide of the branche«, after they have worked out the pith. The third fort. 4odged themfelves in the root of a plant that twines tound the trunks of other trees. Thu they made koi- buft iMui Gtft ituo a great ituiabcr of pafTagfct that ran phnts haying brof injured. Thijy^enoC alniw Mf thefWeofthf red ants pfi^i^^invury, Mtpxh^imfth fort ihcfMc 1.1.0 the Eatt-lpM'an >» hUe anti, aikj^ad oaefcn pf itclU ai big aaa half'.pcck la|f wMchhiing fromtbc hQugh* of tree* 'and wore cqmpofrd of ^vwal ininutt; paru of yegcublei, which appeared tofcellwrk jogfliher by the gluiinou* ju|te .bcforeTjmcntivncd. There was a communication between the celli, and pafTagr* toother ncfl* upon the fame ircej they had alfo a holk>w covered palTagc to another neft on thf ground, at the root of a different ^ree., The height of iheground-ncd* was found to he of about fix /cei; an<| the breadth nearly the fume : and the ouiiidc wat'f>laif> tcred with cluvalmontwoiiui»c»thii.k. fbefchadafub. terraneou* pafTage leading to the root* ofthc tree* near ' hich they were conllruiltcd, from whence thefe crca- uircs afcendcd the trunk and branches by covered ways^ calculated for the purpofe. It was concluded, that the ants rclhrtrd to thefe ground-nefts during the wet fca. fun, lis they were water proof. Variety of fiflt is fupplied by the feas in thefe parts, among which are mullets, cray-fiih and crabs. Upon the fhoaliare found the rock, pearl, and other oyflen, as well as the mod delicate green turtle, befides thofe enormous cockles which have been already mentioned. Alligators are found in the rivers and fait creeks. The country does not appear to be inhabited by numbers any way proportioned to its great extent 1 not above thirty being ever feen together but once, which was when thofe of both feies and all agei got together on a rock off Botanjr Bay, to view the (hip. None of their vil^ lagcs confided of more huts than would afford QuUet for fourteen or fideen men, and thefe were the lacgcfl numbers that were affemblcd with a view to attack u» No part of the country appeared to be cultivated, whence there mud necefbrdy be fewer inhabitants oa the inland parts than on the feacoad. The men ate well iTiadc, of the middle fize, ^ ^Aive, in a ^gl^ degree I but their voicea are foft, even to effemin^. Their cok>ur is chocolate 1 but they were (b covered with d irt^ at to look alnwd a< black at negroes. Their hair ia naturally long and black, but they commonly cropped it fhom iafbme.few infhnca it it flightly curled, but in common quite draitt it is always maitea with dirt, yet wholly free from lice; their beaidt ai^ thick and bufhy, but kept fhort by fingeinu. The wo* men were feen only at a didance, at the men con^ dantly led them behind when they croffcd the river. The chief ornament of thefe people it the bone that il thrud through the nofe, which the failort whimfkally called their fprit-fail yard; but befides this they wore necklaces formed of fnclls, a fnuill cord tied twice or thrice round the arm between the elbow and fhoulder, and a dring of plaited human hair round the waifV. Some fi;w of them had iui ornament of (bells hai^na acrofs the bread. Befides thefe ornaments they paintra their bodies and limbs white and red, in dripesof dif- fereiu dimenfions; and they had a circle of white rtHind each eye, and fpoa of it on the fiice. Thcic eairs were bored, but they did not wear ear-rings. They accepted whatever was given them, but feemed ta have no idea of nuking an adequate return; and they would not part with their onuments for any thing that was ofTcrca in exchange. Their bodies were marked with fears, which they fignified were in remembrance of thf deceafcd. Their huts were built with fmall rodi^ the two ends of which were fixed into the ground, foaa to form the figure of an oven ; they are covered with pieces of bant and palm-leaves. The door of this building, which is only high enough to fit upright in, is oppofite to the fire-placet. They deep with their heels turned up towards their heads; and even in this podure the hut will not hold more than four pei^le. In the northern parts, where the weather was warmc', one fide of the houfcs was left opep, and the other op- EofiHl to whatever wind might blow at the time there; uts were only built for temporary ufe, and led behind when they faiiaved to other para of the country; but if theit fUy was only for a night or two^ they had np .«her COOK'i FIRST VOYAQBi^f^ niiki|«^4M^i i« the St^t^SifKft K.m^ the f/^tr/J.^ft other protcAion fram the wnihrr thai wIm Ih* gmr* and bti Ihn a iToriled. Wklic the hull on the fK^ lUMl were turned frum ttM win4t thoTc on the iflan^ii IMTV lowirda iti a kind of protf thai ibev vila the iflHWte in fine weather, and enjd|r the refreAing iMceVe wMiv ihcy ilepc. Thefe hues arc fumifhcd wi|h ■ kuJ «/ but krt for fetching woicr, aude of an oblonK ptftt of turk tied up at each end with the twig nf« irrct »ni thi« i( the only t'urnituit of the houfe. On their bmk% thry have a kind of I^R> of the flte and furin of a cabbage-net, in whkh.tii<)rcarr)r their fifli-hnokii and lines, of tkc (hells (if Nhkh {Iwy make thefe hciokai the omanttnta which thr^ wear (rt.-rvrd with the leavff nf a tree in their mouths, but whether it hiut the qua- lities of either tobacco or beetle could not be knowni but It was obfcrved not to difcolour the te<;ih or lip^ From the notches that were feen in a great ituttlher of tree.1, for the purpoR* of cliitibing tliem, it' Was imagined that , their methodo this wak asibllowit before he fct off, h^ WRippcl up a lit^e ^pOtk ^f fire in dry grafs. and the ^ulckncrsof (lis mptlo/i (b6n nnning it into a flame! he then placed it un the Kround, and putting a t^rk df it in anoi^er bit of grafs ran on again, and Increafcq thenumbei of his fires at pUafure. Thefe. firet were fuppoTed to I'e intended fyt the taking of (he kiihsLU- toOt u that animal wm fo verv % of £rc. tliait wtien purfucdbythe dogs, it would notcrofs daint, and iii thia M- }f llii ^S?'*i* •^?«'««''^. but. onbeing forced feiwarj, wi I eafi y fl,p ft^ ij, Thp |,„cel)el«g pli^cd on S"»,'''7^"«. «!«««. the Indian holds TtVer his ftjoulder, (hakes «, ani l)l|i- diiy, and i.i generitlly fo i^ll sitiicd, that a mNl|«ia|| the dillance of lilty y^nls n more certainly flruc|(MiMlI it than by a bullet front i|\|[un. Thefe people npiiiiai uCe of (hields made of thii&rk of trees, of abou^vlglMl teen inches broad, and thiee feet long. Many iwM were feen frmn whence the bark had been ta|VM, tM' others on which the (likklcwerc cut out but not jaXfl' away. In the nor^berV'^fTts of this country, the (,'a<4 noes are formed by h«i(la«t^ig (he trunk of a.jre«t'|in4 it wa.1 comcClwrcJ, iKai, this operation mult have been pertormi-cl by fire, m th«,niBlivcs did not appear i^.^hiw^' any indrumcntt prouci (pt the purpofe. Tho,',c4mm' arc in length aboi^t. rourieci) feet, and fo narrow^ thliy ihcy would he frequently overfct, but that they are pro- vided with an out-rigger. The natives row them with laadifs, uiititf RothTiiiRfi trrtfm fitiHNiyfWM. T»i» canoTfi in the louthcrn parts arc forincu only of a piece /of bftrk foMK yards long, fadened tO(;ethcrat each end, irid Cn* midtlle kept open by pieces of wood, palTing from (idc tq lide. In deep wjiter ihefc arc rowed by paddles, of about a foot and a half in length, the J rower ha'ylm; one in each hand, but in ftmll/'w water they are pultled forward hy means of a long IKtk, As thefe vcliels are extrenicly light, and d;aw very little water, the Indians rdH (ham on tM'Atdd Uriks in fqirc^ of Ih^ll-fiih, ionic 6f which, it » proMbfif. 'they ftoif and eat OS foon at they i^re ukcn, as it was femarked th.it. ill the centre of thefe VelTeU there was ufuallv a Hre burning on a quantitv of (fca-We'A'- - 'Jii? Id sirh I'll i: tt.4.' tti. , (. ; ( «II'.,.:.'. thf MIowing may fervc aa a fpeclmet) of their hn< gai&e. ■ ■•'.•■ ■'■ •'• • ' • ■ mW HouAHp. ' ' EMOirsH.i'^', ''^' fbe Arms. ' ' ' A mm. ' Thenoft. A father. ' ' Ttbt thumbs. ' Thtfeet. fbe crofWH of the head. That or Ibis. ' Tbe/uH. the eye-hvws. rbeielly. nefiy. Tbf nails. To/u'im. Fire. , • Togo. The bands. %hf eyes. Tbe ears. To dance. Tbebatk. Tbe throat; ''be hair of tbe bead. A woman. The teetb. tbe little inrer. Tbelegs. » Tbe-fyrebead. Earth.' ■ Bamrtu, Bonjoo, Bppta, ChticblL , W :. Coyori ' doombOb^' Dunjo, Eboorbalga; Edamal, , Eiyamdiiey Eya&ba, Galan, Garbar, Gippa, Kcre, Koike. Kfailelel. Maiantlnj^ Marra, Mangal, Meuf. Melea, Mingtioit* Mocoo, Mprcol, Mofeie, Mootjel, Mulere, Nakil. FSe^'**' Poapoa, ii ^. '[■ jya.'.utoU aril -'NtfW, HoifAMP. Mbrai. ^ .•■""! '^v^T ■•> PUtal. Tabuggp, T«aU, Te. Teimapukc. Tocaya, Tumurre, Unjar, EmcIish. nthueu He {bin. Vhe bole made in ibe tuflrih far the htme urnamtnt, SildffWH, AJkn. Tinr longue. New EMDiAifD. Wagcege^ Wafloo^ "!? Kb i;i Walter. :■' Myboolboolk Wonananid:. Wulgar. Yembc, Zoocoo, ' A' \ £nociiii.- TbiheaJ. ' fbt ttmpin. • Ththtatd. Aiuttei^y. Aflttp. :■ thecltudt. 7be lipt. l^otd. Though It appeared evident' that the natives of there idandi Avaged war with each other, by the wea- pons they poflTclied, m not a wound received from their enemies appeared on any part of their bodies. BRsafs m?T? I-, I'. 'i [it y iort; and the other two threw their lances at us. No time was to 'be lofl : we difcharged our pieces, loaded with fmall fliot only: which we imagine they did not feel ; for, with- out rctrezting, they cafl a third dart: we. therefore now loaded With oall, and fired a fecond time, It is pro- bable fomeof them were wounded, as they all toolt t» thcirheels with great agility. We improved this in- terv;d, ny which the deflmdtion of the natives was no tonger nece!1ary to our own defence, and with all ex- pedition returned to our boat. In tfie way we per- ceived fignals on board, that more Indians were coming down in a body ; and before we got into the water, we perceived feveral of them coming round a point at the diflance of about five hundred yards. When they faw us they halted, and feemed to wait till their main body (hould join them. They continued in this (hitton, with- out giving us any interruption, while we entered the wa- ter, and waded toward tfie boat. We now took a view of them at our leifure. They made much the fame ap-< pearance COOK'S FIRST VOYAQB-^fbr faiakitig D^avtrh/iin ihc Boidb if«4> & Roupd >the World, jy Bankf, faetf»hce«nh«New HoMandtr^. bwng n»i*r of the fame ftature, and having tMeIr hair flwrt cropped; They were atfo like tlwm fthrk nalcM. Itonngihia time they were (hduting K a diflance, and letting oflT their flrts, which fiiettMd to be difchaiged by a IhoW picct' oC (lick, probably »boMow cane, this being fwunc ndeWays. pnjduced fire and fmoke like that occafloncd by a mufquct. The ciew on board the (Wp tarn thia ftrange appeanmce, and thought the native* had fire armsr Tnofe who \ttnx out in the boat, and had rawed a-breaft of thcifn, fkcd (bme murqucts above Uiclr beads, the balls of which being heard by the natives rattling among the trees, they retired very deliberately, and our people In the boat returned to the (hip. Ujpon examining tne lances that had biccn thrown at u», we found they *erc made of a reed, or bamboo cane, the points of whic*i wereof tnrd wood, and barbed in many places. They were light, ill made, and about ibur feet long. Such was the force with which they were dirchat;ged, that they went beyond us, though we were at fixty yards dil^ancc, but in what manner they were difchargcd we could not determine ; probably they might be thrown with a tlick, in the manner pradiccd by the New Hollanders. Thia place is in latitude C deg. >S nfi'O- S. The whole coaft of this country is low land, but covered wiih a luxurmn--': of wood and herbajrc bcyoixi defcription beautifu!. The cocoa>nut, bread-fruit, and plancain-.trce, all flourifhed here in the bigheCt pcrfcdiion, bcfidcs moft of the ttees, (hrubs, and plants, that are common to the South Sea idands. This day, Monday, Sept. the .^d, we made fail to the U-^ftwafd, being rcfolved to fpend no more time upon this coaK ; but before we got under fail, foine of the irfBcers ftrongly uiged the Captain to fend a party of mert'On (hore, to cut down the cocoa-nut trees, for ihe'fiike of the fruit. This Capt. Cook, with equal HsliAom and humanity^ peremptorily ixfufed; as unjoft and cruel I (cnflble that the nooh Indians, whOcmilJ not brook even the landing oJT^a fnialt party bn thtir coall, wOuid have niade a vigorpua efiWt fo defend their property hnd it been jnvaded i conftqOently many mud nave fallen a facrificc on their fide, ^nd perhaps fomeofourown people. " I Ihould (fays Capt. Cook) have regretted vhe nccvdhy of flich a nncafbre, if i had been in wanr Of th!e neceffaries of Xiftt^ and cer- tamly it would have been highly criminal wh^n nothing was to be obtained but two 6t three hundred green cocoa-nuts; which wotrtd at moft have procured us a mere tranfient gratification. I might indeed have pro> cecded fitrther along the coatft to the Morthwatc^ or wcdward in fearch of a place where tl^ Ihip might have lain to near the flmre, as to cover the people with her guns when they landed ; but this would have ob. viatcd only part of the mifchief, and though it mi^ have feciired us, it would probably in the veiv ad have beenfotalto the natives. Befides, we hadreirfbnto think that before fuch a place couM have been found, we Ihould have been carried ib fiir to the weflward as to have been obliged to go to Batavia, on the north fide of Java, through die ftrei^hts of Sunday: the (hip alfo was fO very leaky that i doubted whether it would not be neceflary to heave her down at Btetavia, which was another rcafon for making fhe beft of our way to that place, efpecially as no dik;overies could be cxpedcd in fcas which had already been navigatrd, and Where every coaft had l>cen lai we had fight of the Uttlc ijland called I Rotte ; and the fame day faw the ifland Semau, at a diftance to the fouthward of Timor. The ifland of Roctc is chiefly covered with bufliy wood without leaves; but there arc a number of fan.palm trees on it, grow- ing nearthefandv brie! :,{ and the whole coniuls of alternate hills and valleys. Tne ifland of Scmau is not fo hilly as Tinnor, but rciembles it greatly in other rcr fpc^ At ten o'clock thi^ night a dull r^ddifh light was fcen in the air, many paita of which emitted rays of a brighter colour, which foon vaniflicd and wer^ fucccedcd by othoraiof the fame bind. ,Thjs ph^o- mcnoni which -reached about ten degnee^- aboy^ the horitOn, bore a conflderablc reicmblanco to the Aurora BorcaUs, only that the rays, of light vh^h it emitted had no Uemulous motion; it was fi^rveyed fpr tyyt^ hours, during which tiirife its br(g)itncfs continued uhr dimini(hed< As the fbip was now clear of alt th^ iflands which had been laid down in fpch maps at were on board, we made fail during the night, an? were furprifed the next morning at the fight of aiil ifland to the W. S, W. which wc flattered (Hirfelve|i was a ne* difcovery. Before noon we had fight of houfes, groves of cocoa-nut trees, and large flocks of ftieep. Thn was a welcome fight to people \yhofe health was declining ibr want ofrefrc^nacnt, and ^t was inftantly refolvra to attempt the purchaic of wha^t we flood fo much in need ofi The fccond lieutenant was inrunediatcly difpatched in the pinnacCj in fearcji of a landing.placc ; and he took with him fuch things as it was thought might b^ acceptable to the lutives.--- Ouriiig Mr. Gore's abfcnce, the people on board hyt two men on horfeback upon the hills, who frequently ' flopped to take a view of the veflel. Thp (lieutenant (bon returned with an account that he had entered a little cove, near which flood a few houfes; that feveral men advanced and invited him to land ; and that t^ey converfed together as well as they could by %ns. He reponed that thcfc pewie were very like the Malays, both in perfon and drefs; and faid they had no other amu but a knife which each of them wore in his girdle. The lieutenant not being able to find any place in which the ftiip might come to anchor, he was difpatch- ed again with mpney and goodi to buy fuch neceflai- ries as were immediately wanted for the fick. Dr. Sotonder attended the lieutenant, and during their ab- fence, the ihip ftood on and oif the Ihore. Soon after the boat had put off, two other horfemen were feen from the (hip, one of whom had a laced hat on, and was dreflicd in a coat and waiftcoat, of the fafliion of Europe. Thefe men rode about on (hare ukiog little noticeof the boat, but regarding the fliip with the ut« nioft attention. As foon as the ooat reached theflwre, fome other perfons on horfeback, and naany on foot hafleiKd to the fpot, and it wiu obiCrryitd that fome co- coa-nuts were put into the boat; front whence it was concluded, that a traffick hael cboMntaced with the na- tives. A fignai being made from the boat that tjie fliip might anchor in a bay laC fonie diftance, flic im- mcdiaieV boire away for it. When the lieutenant came T OR 1 » &;'' -: ■'< ilvJ Wi-. H C«pt. C a O K'l ,V.O Y A O ^:rS, C OMlViL B T E. ' ~ — •- — ' — ■ ■ !u •11 »tf tin buai-d, hereported^ that he couM not purChafcany cocoa-n> ts, as tMbwnerof them wni ablcnt, and that what he had brought were ^iven him, in return for which he hkd prcfled the natives with fome linen. The incthfld by which he learned that there was a harbour ih the neighbourhood, was by the natives drawing a Kind of rude map on the rand, in which the harbour, ahd a town near it, was reprerented; it was likcwife hinted to him, that fruit, fowls, hogs, and (hccp might be there obtiiincd in great abundance. He faw fcveral of the prirt and wore fine linen. The word 'Portuguefe beine frequently repeated by the Indians, it was conjeifluretTthat Tome natives nf Portu- gal were in the ifland, and one of the boat's crew being if that kingdom, he fpoke to the iflandcrs in his own language, but foon found that they had only learned a few words, of which they did not know the meaning. While the natives were endeavouring to reprcfent the lltu^tion of the town near the harbour, one of them, in order to be more particular in diredlions, informed the £ngli(h that they would fee fomething which he endea- voured to defcribc by placing his fingers acrofs each other ; and the Portuguefe failor took it for granted, that he could mean nothing but a crofs. When the boat's ctew were on the point of returning to the (hip, the gentleman who had been fcen on horlcback in the drcis of Europe, came down to the beach : but the lieutenant did not think it proper to hold a conference with him, becauTc he had left his eommifllon on board thcfhip. When the (hip had entered the bay, in the evening, according to the diredlions received, an Indian town was feen at a diflance; upon which a jack was hoifted on the forc-top>nia{l head, prcfently afterwards three ^uns were fired, and Dutch colours were hoiftcd in the town ; the fliip, however, held on her way, and came to an anchor at feven in the evening. Th« co- lours being ieen hoiftcd on the beach the next morning, . the captain Concluded, that the Dutch had a rcttlcmcnt on the idand, he therefore difpatched the fccond lieu- tenant to acquaint the governor, or other principal re- lident, who they were, and that the (hip had put in for nece(rary refrelbmems. The lieutenant having landed, he was received by a kind of guard of fomething more than twenty Indians, armed with mufquets, who after they 'id ttikeh down their colours from the beach, pnv ceeded without the lead military order; and thus ef- corted him to the town, where the coloura had been hoifted the preceding evening. The lieutenant was now conduced to the Raja, or king of the illand, to whom, by means of a P«rtugucfe inteipreter, he made known his bufinefs. The Raja faid, he was ready to fupply the (hip with the necelTiry refrcihments, but that he could not trade with any other people than the Dutch, with whom he was in alliance, without having firfl obtained their confent ; he added, however, that he would make application to the Dutch agent, who was the only white man among them. To this agent, whofenamc was Lange, and who proved to be the per- fon that M'as fecn from the (hip in the European dre(s, a letter was difpatched, and in a few hours he came to the town, behaved politely to the lieutenant, and told him he might buy what he thought proper of the inha- bitants of the ifland. This offer being freely made, and readily accepted, the Raja and Mr. Lange intimated their wiQics to go on board the (hip, and that two of the boat's crew might be left as ho(lages for their fafc return. The lieutenant gratified them in both thefe requefls, and took them on board juft before din- ner was ferved. It was thought that they would have fat down without ceremony ; but now the Raja in- timated his doubts, whether being a black, they would permit himte (it down with them. The politcnefs of the officers foon removed his fcruples, and the greateft good humour and feftivity prevailed among them. As Dr. Solander and another gentleman on board, were to- lerable proficients in Dutch, they afled as interpreters between Mr. Lange and the officers, while fome of the failofs, who undcrftood Portuguefe, converfcd with fodi of the Raja's «ttcnd«Ars te fpoke that language. Ofar dinner connflcd chiefly of mutton, which when the Raja had tailed, he requdted of ua an Ei^lilh theep, and the onl^ one we had left was prefent^ to him. Our complaifance in this particular, encouraged the king to aik for an Englifh dog. and Mr. Banks potitely ^ve him his grevhound. A mying glafs was alfo put into his hand, Mr. Johan Chriifopher Lange having in- timated, that fuch a prefent would be very accepublr. Our vifitors now informed us, that the ifland abound, ed with buffaloes, (heep, hogs, and fowls, plenty of which (hould be driven down to the fliore the next day. This put us all in hi«;h fpirits, and the liquor circu- lated rather faftcr than either the Indians or the SateoA could bear j but they had, however, the refolution to exprefs a dcfire to depart, before they were quite in- toxicated When they came upon deck, they were re- ceived in the fame manner as when they came aboard, by the nurines underarms; and the Raja exprefling a defire to fee them exercife, his curiofity was gratified. They fired three rounds. The king obferved them with great attention, and appeared much furprized at the regularity and expedition of their manoeuvres. When they cocked their firelocks, he ftruck the fide of the (hip with his flick, exr!aiming at the fame time violently, " that all the locks made but one click." They were difmifTcd with n»ny prefents, and on their departure were faluted with nine guns. Mr. Banks with Dr. Solander accompanied them, and when they put off returned our compliments with three cheers. Our gentlemen on their arrival at the town, uftcd their palm-wine, which was the frefh juice of the trees, un. fermented. It had a (weet, but not difagreeabie tafle, and hopes were entertained, that it might contribute to recover our fick from the fcurvy. The houfcs of the natives confifled of only a thatched roof, fupported over a boarded floor, by pillars about four feet high. Wedncfday the 19th, in the morning, Capt. Gwk, attended by feveral gentlemen, went on (hore to return the Raja's vifit ; but tneir principal intention was to pur- chafe the cattle and fowls, which they had been affured the preceding day Ibould be driven down to the beach. We were greatly chagrined at finding no ° fteps had been taken to hilfil this promife: however, we pro- ceeded to the houfe of aflemUy, which, with a few other houfcs, built by the Dutch Eaft India Company, arediftinguifhcd from the reft, by having two pieces of wood, reiembling a pair of cows homs, fixed at each end of the roof; and thefe we concluded to be what the portuguefe (ailor conftrued into croflTes, from the Indian having crofTcd his fingers when he was defcribing the town. At the houfe of aflfembly we faw Mr. Lange and the Raia, whofe name wu A Madocho Lomi Djara, furrounded by many of the principal people; Capt. Cook having informed them, that he had loaded his boat with goods, which he wilhed to exchaiwe for nece(rarv re- m(hments, permiflion was given him to land them. We now endeavoured to make an agreement for the hogs, (heep, and buffiiloes, which were to be paid for in caih; but this bufinefs was no fooner hinted than Mr. Lange took his leave, having firft told the captain, that he had received a letter from the governor of Ccm- cordia, in Timor, the contenu of which (hould be dif- dofed at his return. As the morning was now fiir ad- vanced, and we had no fre(h provifions on 'ooard, we requefted the Raja's permiflion to buy a fmall ho^ and fome rice, and to order his people to drcfs the dinner for us. He very obligingly replied, that if we could eat vidhials drefTed bv his fubjeAs. which he could fcarcely fuppofe. he would do himfelf the honour of entertain- ing us. A dinner being thus procured, the captain fent off his boat to bring liquors from the (hip. It was ready about five o'clock, and after we were feated on mats, which were fpread oi\the fk»r, it was ferved in fix and thirty bafkets. We were then conduced by turns to a hole in the fkwr, near which ftood a man with water in a velTel, made of the leaves of the fan-palm, who aflifted us in wafhing our hands. This done wc returned to our places and exported the king. Havirac waited fome time, wc enquired the reafon of his abfence. COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Di/cwefiei in the South Seas & Round tlic World. 75 abTcnce, and were informed that the pcifon who gave the entertainment never partook of it with his guefti ; but that the Raja wa« ready to come and taftc oT whit waa provided, if we entertained (thought that the vic- tuals were poifoned. . We declared that we did not hai;bour any fuch fufpicion, and defired that the cuftom of the country might not be violated on our account. When dinner was ended, the wine pafled brifkly, and we invited the Raja to drink with ui. thinking if he would not eat with us, he might at leaft (hare in the jollity of the bottle 1 but he aeain cxcufed himfeif, fay- ing, the man who entertained his guefts (hould never get drunk with them, and that the fureft way to avoid §iis was to refrain from tailing the liquor. The prime minidcr and Mr. Lange were of our party, and wc made a moft luxurious meal. The pork and rice were excellent, and the broth not to be dcfpifcd 1 but the fpoons. made of leaves, were fo fmall, that few ofus had patience to ufe them. Wc did not drink our wine at the place where wc had dined t and the remains of the dinner we left to the Teamen and fervants, who im> mediately took our places. They could not difpatch all wc had left ; but the Rasa's female fervants, who came to take avay the utenflls, obliged them to carry away what they had not eaten. -When we thought the wine had fo far operated as to open the hc.irt, we took an opportunity to enquire after the buffaloes and flieep, of which we had not in all this time heard a fyllablc, though they were to have been at the beach early in the morning. Mr. Lange, the Saxon Dutchman, now be- gan to communicate to us the contents of the letter, which he pretended to have received from the gover> nor of Concordia, and wherein he faid, inflrudions were given, that if the (hip (hould touch at this iiland, and be in want of provifions, (he (hould be fupplicd; but he was not to permit her to remain longer than was neccf- fary; nor were any large prefcnts to be made to the na- tives of low rank, nor to be even left with their fuperi- prs to be divided among them after the (hip had failed; but he added.any trifling civilities received from the In- dians might be acknowledged by a prefent of beads, or other articles of very fmall value. It is probable that the whole of this (lory was a fi&ion ; and that by precluding our liberality' to the natives, the Saxon Dutchman hoped more eafily to draw all the prefents of any value into his own pocket. In the evening wc were informed, that only a few (hecp had been brought to the beach, which had been driven away before our people could procure money from the (hip to pay for them. Some fowls however were bought, and a iaige quantity of a kind of fyruip made of trie juice of the palm-tree. This, tho(4;h infinitely fuperbr to molaflcs or treacle, fold at a very low price. Vexed at being thus difappointed in purchaflng the chief articles moft wanted, we remondrated with Mr. Lange, who now found another fubterfiige. He faid. had we gone down to the beach ourfelves, we might have purchafed what .we pleafed t but that the natives were afraid of being impofed on by our Teamen with counterfeit money. We could not but feel fome indignation againll a man who had concealed this, being truej or aliedgcd it, being falTei and Capt. Cook repaired immediately to jhe beach, but no cattle were to be feen, nor were any at hand to be bought. During his abfence. Lange told Mr. Banks, that the Indians were offended at our not having offered them gold for what we had to Tell, and without which nothing could be bought. Mr. Banks did not think it worth nis while to hold farther conver- Tation with a man who had been guilty of fuch repeated falfities; but rofe up fuddenly, and we all returned on board much diiratisfied with our fruitlefs negociations. The Raja^had indeed eiven a more plauiiblc reafon for our difappointmcnt: he faid, the buffaloes being far up in the country, there had not been lime to bring them .down to the Ijcach. On Tburfday the aoth. Dr. Solander went again alhore with Capt. Cook, and while the former went up to the town to (peak to Lange, the captain remained on the beach wiOj a view of purchafing provifions. Here he met with tiic old Indian, who, as he appeared to have Tome authority, we had among ourfelves diftin- guiflied by the name of the Prime Mmilter. In order to engage this man in our intereft, the captain prefentcd him with a fpyinc-glafs t but only a Tmall buffalo was offered to be fold. The price was five guineas, nearly twice its real value. Three, however, were offered, which the dealer thought a good price \ hut faid, he muft acquaint the king with what had been bid before he could ftrike the bargain. A mcircnger was immediate- ly difpatched to the Raja, and on nis return brought word, that not Icfs than five guineas would be taken lor the buffalo. The captain abfolui !y refufed to give the fum demanded, which occafioned the fending away a fccond meffcnger, and during his >;nce. Dr. Solander was feen coming from the town^ followed by above a hundred men, fome of whom were armed with inuf- quets, and others with lances. Upon enquiring into the meaning of this hoftile apfiearance, the do(£tor in- formed us, thcpurpon of a meffage from the king was, according to Mr. Lange's interpretation, that the peo- ple >vould not trade with us becaufe we had refuTcd to Sive them more than half the value for their commo- ities ; and tha( we were not to cxpedl pcrmiflion to trade upon any terms longer than this day. A native of Timor, wTiofe parents were Portuguefe, came down with this party, and delivered to the cap- tain what was pretended to be the order of the Raja, and which was in Tubffance the Tame that Lange had told Dr. Solander ; but it was afterwards difcovered that this man was a confident of Lange's in the fcheme of extortion. The Englifh gentlemen had at the fame time no doubt but that the TuppoTed order of the Raja was a contrivance of thefc men, and while they were debating how to adi: in this critical conjuncflure, anxious to bring the affair to a Tpccdy iffuc, the PortugueTc be- gan to drive away Tuch of the natives as had brought Calm-fyrup and fowls to Tell, and others who were now ringing Iheep and buffaloes to the market. At this juncture Capt. Cook happening to look at the old man who had been diffinguiihed by the name of prime mi- niffer, imagined that he (aw in his features a diTappro- bation of the prefent proceedings; and, willing to im- prove the advantage, he graTped the Indian's hand, and gave him an old broad-Tword. This well-timed preTent produced all the good effeds that could be wilhed; the prime miniffer was enraptured at to honourable a mark of diftiniStion, and brandi(hiiu; his fword over the head of the impertinent Portugueie, he made both him and a man who commanded the party, (it down behind him on the ground. The whole bufinefs was now accom* plilhedi the natives, eager to fupply whatever was wanted, brought their cattle in for fale, and the market was foon (locked. For the firff two buffaloes, Capt. Cook gave ten guineas: but he afterwards purchaud them by way of exchange, giving a mufquet for each, and at this rate he might have bought any number he thought proper. There remained no doubt but that Lange had a profit out of the two that were Toldj and that liis reaTon for having Taid the natives would take nothing but gold for their cattle, was, that he might the more eafily fljare in the produce. Capt. Cook pur- chafed of the natives of this ifland Tome hundred gal- lons oTpalm-fyrup, a fmall quantity of garlick, a large number of eggs, fome limes and cocoa-nuts, thirty dozenof fowls, three hogs, fix flicep, and nine buffaloes. We'haviiMf obtained thefe neceffary articles, now pre- pared for (ailing from this place. The ifland of Savu is fituated in 10 deg. 35 min. S. latitude, and 237 deg. 30 min. W. longitude. Its length is between twenty and thirty miles. But its breadth Capt. Cook could not afcertain, as he only Taw the north fade of it. The harbour in which the (hip lay, was called Seba, from a diftriA of the country (o denominated : and there arc two other bays on diff.:rcnt parts of the ifland. At the time the Endeavour lay there it was near the end of the dry Tcafon, when it had not rained Tor alinoll Tevcn months, nor was there a run- ning flream oT frefli water to be Teen, and the natives were fiipplicd only by Tmall Tprings, fituated at a diT- tance up the country, yet even in this dry TeaTon the appearance 'S\ !? mmam mfHim 76 Capt. C O O K'l VOYAGES COMPLETE. tSM' !('?»' m-i '^ appearance of the ifland was beautiful. Near the coad the land lirs level, and well cloathed with palm* called Arccao.and cocoa-nut trees. Farther oflP, the ground rifes in the moll gradual afcenr, and is covered with fair palm trees even to the tops of the hills, fo as to prefcnt a regular grove to the view. The reini in thik country ceafc in March or April, and fall again in Odlo- bcr or November, and thcfc rains produce abundance of indico, millett, and maize, which grow beneath the fineft trees in the. country. Befides tncfc articles, the idand produces tobacco, cotton, betel, tamarinds, limes, oranges, mangoes, guinea corn, rice, callcvances, and water-melons. A fmall quantity of cinnamon was fcen; and fome European herbs, fuch as garlick, fennel, celery, and marjoram, befides which, there are ti-utts of various kinds, and particularly the blimbi, which has a (harp tnfte, and is a fine pickle, but it is not eaten raw 1 its length is from 3 to 4 inches; it is nearly as thick as a man's thumb, of an oval form, covered with a very thin flcin, of a very light green, and contains a number of feeds ranged in the fnapc of a ftar. Scveriil biifTalocs were feen on this idand which were almoft as large as an OX; and from a pair of enormous horns of this ani mal, which Mr. Banks faw, it was fiippofcd that fome of them were much larger; yet t'hey did not weigh more than half as much as an ox of the fame fize ; having loft the greater part of their flcfh through the late dry weather: the meat however was juicy, and of a delicate flavour. The horns of thcfc animals bend backwards; they had notkw-laps, andfcarceany hair on their fTcins, and their ears were remarkably large. The other tame animals on the ifland are dogs, cats, pigeons, fowls, hogs, goats, fhcep, affcs, and horfes. Few of the horfes arc above twelve hands high, yet they tire full of mettle, and pace naturally in an cxpediti-° CMS manner: the natives ride thetri with a halter only. The hogs of this country are fed on the hu'fts of rice and palm-fyrup mixed with water, and arc remarkably fine and fat. The flieep is not unlike a gbat, and arc rticreforc called Cabaritos; their ears, which arc long, hang down under their horns; thci* nofcs ire archecl, and their bodies covered with' Hair. The fowls are of the game kind; and though they are /hther lame, the hen i«ys a very fmall egg. T|ic fca coaft furnifhes the inhabitants with turtle, but not in any great abund- ance. The people of this iflbnd are rather below the mid- dle ftature; their hair is black and Rrait, and petfons of all ranks, as well thole that are expofed to tV ■' wea- ther, as thofe that arc not, have one general comp.exion, which is the dark brown. The men are well formed and fprightly, and their features dificr much from each other: the women, on the contrary, have all one fetof features, are very Ihott, and broad built. The men have (ilver pincers hanging by firings round their necks, with which they pluck out the hair of their beards ; and both men and women root out the hair that grows under their arms; the hair of the womens heads is tied in a club behind, while the men wear a kind of turtMn on their heads, formed of muflin, cotton, or even with lilk handkerchiefs, but the heads of the wo- men have no covering. The drefs of the men confifh of two pieces of cotton cloth, one of which is bound round the middle, and thclowtredgeof it bcii.g drawn pretty light between the legs, the upper edge is left loofc, (o as to form a kind of pocket, in which they carry knives and other things : the'other piece being paft under the former on the back of the wearer, the ends of it are carried over the fllouldeh, and tucked into the pocket before. The women drew the upper edge of the piece round the waift tight, while the IbWer edge dropping to the knees, make a kind of petticoat: the other pftce of cloth is faflened acrofs the hreatt, and under the arms. This cloth, which is manufafhired by the natives, is dyed blue while in the y^rn ; and as it is of various Ihadn, it»h)ok. viYvta it comn to be worn, is very beautiful. Their ornaments are very numerous, and confift of ntofl, be^s worn round the neck and on the wrifts, aii?chain» of plaited gold wire, are lUcewife worn by both fcxcs;-but the women had likcwift girdles at beads round their waifts, whd h fcrved to keep up their petticoats. Both fexes had tTiCir cart bored w ithoUt 4 lingle exception, that we fliw, but we never obrcrve* an ornament in any of them'. Nor did wc perceive cither man or woman in any thing but what appeared to be their ordfnriry OnPs, except tftc king and his mi- nifter, who in general wore a kind of night gown of coarfe (Chintz, and the fatter once received us in a black robe, which appeared to be made of prince's llulF. One perfbn, in the way of finery, had a filvcr-headed cane, marked with a kind of cypher, confift ing of iHe Roman letters V.O.C. which might have been trprefvnt from the Dutch Eaft India Company, whofc mark it is* Wc alfo faw boys about twelve or fotirtcen years old, having fpiral circles of thick brafs wire pofl'cd three or four times round theitarms, above thcelfjow; and up<»ii the fame part of the arm, fome of the men had ringi of ivory, two inches broad, and about one in thickncfs; thcfe we were inlbrrTted were the fom of the Raja's or chiefs, whofe high births were diftinguifhed by thefe cumbrous ornamems. > Moft of the men haa their names marked on their arms, and the wohien had ■ fquarcornameiuofflouriftied line? imprinted jufl under the bend of the elbow. On enquiry it was found that this pradlice had been common among the Indians long bcfoi-e they were vifited by any Eitroprans; and in the neighbouring iftands, it was faid, the inhabitants were marked with circles upon their necks and breaftS;. We Were ftnick with the fimilitude between thefe marks, and thofe made by tattowing in the South Sea iflandsj and M. UofTu's account of fome Indians who dwell on the banks of Akanza, a river in Ndrth America, WhiVh falls into the MifTiftippi, will aflPord a probable con- jeclurc how the operation is perfbrflird. « The Alkan- zas," fays he, " have adopted me, and a^ a mark of my privilege, have imprinted the figure of a roc-buck upon my thigh, which was done in this manner: an Inoian having burnt fome ftraw, diluted the afhes with wa- ter, and with this mixtnre. drew the figure upon my fkin ; he then retraced it, by pricking the lines with needles, fo as at every puntflurc juft to draw the blood, and the blood mixing with the afhe» of the ftraw, forms a figure which can never be eflaced." The houfes of SaVu are all built upon the fame plan, but diflerinfite. according to the rank and wealth of the proprietors, being from twenty feet to four hun- dred, and they are fixed on pol^s of about four or five feet from the ground. One end of thefe is drivien into the ground, and upon the other is laid a floor of wood, which makes a vacant fpace of four feet between the floor of the houfe and the ground. On this floor are raifcd other pillars that fupport a roof of flopine (ides, which meet in a ridge at the top, like thofe of our bams ; the caves of this roof, which is thatched with palm leaves, reach within two feet of the floor, and over-hang it as much. The fpace within is gene- rally divided Icngthwifc into three equal parts; the mid- dle part, or center, is inclofed by a partition of four fides, reaching about fix feet above the floor, and one or two fmall rooms are alfb fbmetimes taken off from the fides ; the reft of the fpace under the roof is open, fo as freely to admit the air and the light. The paitio cularufcsof thefe apartments we could nor, during our (hort ftay, learn, except that the clofb room in the cen- ter wjls appropriated to the women. As to the fiaod of thefe people, they cat all the tame animals to be found in the ifland ; but they prefer thb hog to all others ; next to this they admire horfe-fleftis to vt'hich fucceeds the bufl^lo, then poultry; and they firefer cats and dogs to goats and flicrp. Fifh, we be- ievc, is not eaten but by the poor, nor by them, except when their duty or bufinefs requim them to be upon the bcaCh, and then each man has a light cafting net, which is girt round his body, and with this he takea any fmall fifh which may come in his way. The moft remarkable and ufefbl tree that grows on the ifland is the fan-palm. Its ufes are 'b various, that it requires particular notke. At certain times it ii a fuccedaneam forall other fflod both to man and beafV. A kind cook's first voyage— for makii.g Difcoveriei In the Soutb Seat & Round the Pl^orld. y7 • A kind of wine, called toddy, is extracted from this tree, b/ cutting the budi, and tyin|{ under them.rmaU balkcts, made of the leave*. The juice, which trickles intothefe vefTeli is colledted Morning and evening, ahd is the common drink of all t,he inhabitants. The na- tivcscall this liquor dua or duac, and both the fyiup and fugar, gula. The fyrup is not unlike treacle, but is fomewhat thicker, and has a more agreeable taltc. I'he fugar is of a reddilh brown, probably the fanie with the Jugata fugar upon the continent of India, and to our tafte it wa^ more agreeable than any cane fu- gar, unre6ned. We at flrft apprehended that the fy- rup, of which fome of our people eat great quantities, would have occafloned HuxcS, but what effcdl it pro- duced was rather falutary than hurtful. This fyrup is ufed to fatten hogs, dogs, and fowls; and the inhabi- tants thcmfclves have fubfifted upon this alone for fc- veral months, when other crops have failed, and ani- mal food has been fcarce. With the leaves of this trotlthe natives thatch their houfes, and make bafkets, cu^s, umbrellas, and- toKicco-pipes. They make Icaft account of the fruit, and as the buds are wounded for the tuac or toddy, there is very little produced. It is nearly of the lizc of a full grown turnip ; and the ker- nels mud be eaten before it is ripe, othcrwife they are lb hard, that the teeth will not penetrate them. . As fire- wood is very fcarce, the natives, by the fol- lowing method, make a very little anfwer the ends of cookery and didillation. A hollow istlug underground, like a rabbit burrow, in a horizontal dirciflion, about two yards long, with a hole at each end, one of which is large, and the othir fmall. T4ie fire is put in at the large hole, and the fmall one ferves for a draught. Cir- cular holes are made through the earth which covers this cavity, on which are fet earthen pots, large in the middle, and fmaller towards the bottom^ fo that the fire adls upan a large partoof the furface. They con- tain generally about eight or ten gallons each, and it is furprifing to fee with what a fmall quantity of fuel they are kept boiling. In this manner they boil all their viduals, and make all theirfyrup and fugar. The Pe- ruvian Indians have a contrivance of the fame kind j and perhaps by the poor in other countries it might be adopted with advantage. In this ifland both lexes arc enflavcd by the perni- cious cuftom of chewing beetle and arcca, contraded even while they arc children. With thefe they mix a fort of white lime, compofed of coral Hones and fliells, to which is added frequently a fmalh quantity of to- bacco, whereby their mouths are rendered difguftful both to the fight and the fmell ; for the tobacco in- fers their breath, and the beetle and lime make the teeth both black and rotten. We faw many of both lexes whofe fore teeth were confumed, irregularly, al- moft down to the gums, and corroded like iron by roft. This lofs of teeth has generally been attributed to the tough ftringy coat of the areca nut; but our gentlemen imputed it wholly to the lime; for the teeth are not loofened or broken, as might be the cafe by chewing of hard and rough fubftanccs, but they are gradually walled, as even metals are-by powerfiil- acids; artd they may not be miftaken who fuppofe that fugar has a bad effeft Upon the teeth of Europeans, feeing refined fu- gar Contains a confiderable quantity of lime, and it is well known, that lime will deftroy bone of any kind. When the natives are at any time not chewing beetle and areca, they then are fmoking. The manner of doing this is by rolling up a fmall quantjty of tobacco, and putting it into one end of a tube, about fix inches long, as thick as a gobfe quill, i^nd made of a palm- leaf. The women in particular were obfcrved to Iwai- low the fnr.oke. The idand is divided into five diftrifts or nigrees, each of which is governed by a Raja. Thcfc arc called Laai, Seba, Regeeua, Timo, and Maifara. We wcni afliore at Scba, and found a Raja that governed with abfolute authority. He was about five and thirty, and the moft corpulent man we had fccn upon the whole illand. But though he governed with an unlimited authority, he took very little regal pomp upon him. '-No^J,. o r r r He was dircded almoll implicitly by Mannu DJarmc, the old man, his prime minifter, already men- thMied I yet notwithdanding the power with which he wu invefted, he was univerfally beloved, a fure proof that he did not abufe it. Mr. Lange infuriucd Capt. Cook, thit the chiefs who had fucccllivrly prelidcd over the five principalities of this ifland, had lived for time immemorial in the mod coniul Irienddiip with each other; yet, he faid, the people were of a warlike dif- pofition, and had always courageoufly defended thcm- lelves againd foreign invaders. We were told alfo, that the inhabitants of the ifland could raife, on a fliort no- tice, 7,300 fighting men anncd with mufquets; of which number Laai was faid to furnifli 3,600, Sebi 3000, Regeeua i.joo, Timo 800, and Maifara 400. Befidet the arms already mentioned, each man is fur- nidied with a large many polcax, which, in the hands of people who nave courage, mud be a formidable weapon. In the ufe of their lances thefe people are faid to befo expert, that they can pierce a maa through the heart at fixty or fcventy yards didancc: yet the Raja had always lived at peace with his neighbours. This account of the martial prowefs of the inhabi* tants of Savu may be true; but during our day we faw no appearance of it. Before the town houfe, indeed, we faw about one hundred fpears and targets, which fcrved to arm thole who were fenc down to intimidate us ac the trading place, but they feemed to be the rcfufc of old armories, no two being of the fame make or length, fof fome were fix, others fixteen feet long. Not one lance was among them, and though the mufquets were clean on the outiidc, within they were eaten by the rufl: intohples; and the people thcmfelvcs appeared to be (o little acquainted with military difcipiine, that they came down like a diforderly rabble, every one having a cock, fome tobacco, or other merchandife, and few or none of their cartouch boxes were furniflied with cither powder or ball, but a piece of paper was thruft into the holes to fave appearances. We likewifc faw before the houfe of aflembly a great gun, fome fwivels, andpauraroes: but the great ^n lay with the touch- hole to the ground, and the fwivels and patararocs were not in their carriages. The inhabiunts of Savu are divided into five ranks, namely, the Rajas, the land owners, the manufadturers, the fervants, and the flavcs. The Rajas are chief; the land owners arc refpedted in proportion to their edates, and the number of^their flaves, which lad are bought and fold with their edates; but a fat hog is the price of one if purchafed feparately. Notwithdanding a man may thus fell his flave, or convey him with his lands, yet his power does not extend farther, as he may not even drike him without the Raja's permifTion. The edates of thefe land-holders are of very different ex- tent: fome of them not poflefling above five flaves, whild others have 500. When a man of rank goes abroad, one of his flaves follows him with .x diver hilted fword or hanger, ornamented with horfc hair taflels, and another carries a little bag containing tobacco, beetle, areca, and lime. This is all the date that even the Rajas thcmfelvcs take upon them . Thefe people have a great veneration for antiquity. Their priniiipal boad is of a long line of venerable ai>. cedors. Thofc houfes that have been well tenanted for fuccelTtve generations, are held in the highed edeem ; even the ftoncs which are worn fmooth by having been fat upon for ages, derive a certain value from that circumdance. He whofc progenitors have be- queathed him any of thefe ftpnes, or whofc wealth hat enabled him to purchafe them, c«ufes them to be ranged round his habitation, for his fcrvapts and flaves to fit upon, The Raja caufes a large done to be fet up in the chief town of each diftrift as a monument of his reignl Inthe province of Seba, thirteen fuch ftoncs were Oen at well as the remains of fcvcral othen which were lAoclyurn. Thefe ftoncs were all placed on the t9pof l^inRl, and fome of them were of fuch an enormous fnre that it was amazing i^n^uttheinstficir could have been brought thither; nor could any infbr<< mation on this -head bp obtained from the nativea: U thefe A [',) ) •^•^mm^ mmm 78 Cape GOOKV VOYAaBS C O M P L.R T B. (''M.: thefc monunwnts, however, indicated that for a feria arMncrttions, the ifland had been reguUriy oovemcd.— Wneh a Raja dies, proclamation is made that ail tliafe Who have been his fukgeds (hall hold a (olemii feftival. On this thcjr proceed to the hill where tho(e ftonas an erei^kd, and fcaft for fcveral weeks, killing all the ani- mals that Tuit their purpore, whnevcr thef can be found, in order to fumiih the treat, which is daily ferved up on the tnonumcntal ftones. When they have thus exhaultcd their whole (lock, they are com- pelled to keep a talli and when the fcaft happens to •nd in the dry feafon, when they cannot get vegetables to eat, they have no other fubfiftance than the palm fyrup and'water,till the few animals which have efcaped the general malTacre have bred a fuflkicnt number for a frefh fupply, except the adjacent diftriA happens to be in a condition to relieve them. The natives of Savu have an inilrument with which thev clear the cotton of iu feeds 1 it is about feven inches in height and fourteen in Icnoth. They have %U6 a machine with which they fpin by hand, u was 'thecuftom before the invtntion ta fpinning wheels ia £un^. The inhabitants of this ifland were in general robuft and healthy, and had every mwk of longevity. The fmall pox, however, is a diftemper with which they are acquaimed, and which tkey dread as much as a peftilence. When any perlbn is attacked by it, he is carried to a fpot at adiftance from thehoufcs, where his food is conveyed to him by means of a hag (lick, as no one dares to venture near him. Abandoned by all his friends, he is there left to live or die as it may happen, without being admitted to any comforts of the community. The Portuguefc verv early vifited this ifland, on which they cftabliflied a fettlement, but (bon after they were fuccecdcd by the Dutch, whu without for- mally taking poiTeflion of the place, fent a number of tnuiing vei&ls in order to eftaiUiih a commerce with the natives. Moft of the Duidi purchafes, it is fup- poTciJ, arc confined to a fupply of provifions for the Spice-Iiiands, the inhabitaius of which breed but a fmall number of cattte. The Dutch Eaft India Com- pany made an agreement with the feveral Rajas of the iflands, that a quantity of rice, maize, and callavances ihould be annual! ' fumifhcd to their people, who, in return, were w fupply the Rajas with filk, linen, cut- lery wares, and arrack. Certain fmall veflels, e?rh having on board ten Indians, are fent from Timor to bring away the nuize and calbvances, and a (hip that brings the articles furnifhed^by the Dutch, receives the rice on board once a year ; and as there are three b»ya on 'his coaft, this vdlcl anchors in each of them m turn. The Dutch anicks of commerce are accepted by the Rajas as a prefent t and they and their cbiefat* . tendanu drink of the arrack without intermiflion till it is exhaulled. It was in the agreement above-mentioned that the Rajas fttpuhted, that a Dutch refident fliould be caiv> ftantly on the inimd. Accordingly this Lange, whom we have mentioned, was fent thither in that capacity, and a fort of afltftant with him, whofie frther was a Portuguefe, and hit mother a native of Timor, with one Frederic Craig, whofe father wu a Dutchman, and his mother an Indian. Mr^ Lange vifiu the Raja in ftate, attended by fiffy flavet on horfe-back, and if the crops arc npe, orders v^els to convey them immedi- ately to Timor, fe tha. they are not even ho«6d upon the ifland. It is likewife portof hia bufine&io petfuadc the landholdera to plant, if hepeiccives that they are barkwwrd in that particular. This refident had Men ten years on the itkndb when the Endeavour touched there, during all which time he had not feea aagr whkc perfons, except thofc whn came anmHlIy in the Omeh veflcl, to carry olT the rice, as above-meniiaaed. He was married to a native of Tinor» jMAJhwd iip the fame manner as the nativeaof Savu, IMk langiiage he fpokc better than aiqrfltheh He fitt on the graund likethelndians, anJ chewed beetle, andftcmed in every thing wtdkaMt th«m» OKcpt ia his ctnplraioD and the drcfi of hit couMfy. Ai to Mr. Craig, his sT- fiflant, he was employed in tcachii^ the natives 10 write and read, and inftrudling them in the principles of ChrMianiiy. Though there was neither cieigyinan nor church to be Getn upon the ifland, yet thTi Mr. Craig averred, that in the townfliipof Sebaoaly, thae were 600 Chriftbnst as to the religion of thofe who have not embraced Chtillianity,. it it a peculiu- Ipccias. of hganifm, every one havinga god of his own, fome» what after the manner of the Cemics heretofoie isen. tioned. Their morality, however, is much purer than couU be expedted ftom fuch a people. Robberies ai« fcarcely evercommitted. Murder is unknown tanang them I and though no man is allowed more than one wife, they are Grangers to adultery, and almoft fo to the crime of Ample fornication. When any difputet arife between the natives, the determinatran of the Raja is dccifive and (atisftaory. Some oblervations were made upon the larauage of the natives, by the gentloqcn. wliile the veflel lay hcret and a kind of voci(|)4pff formed, a (ketch of which we have here inleitcdi - Momonne, Mobuiuiet Catoo, Row catoo^ Matta, Rownamatta, Swanp, Cavaranga* Wodeele« Vaio, • Lacoco, Soofoo, Caboofoolbo, Dulloo, • Aflbo, t Tooga, Rootoo, Baibo. Dunceala, Kiflbvci yilh, Camacoo, Wulaba, Cabaou, E^ara. Vave^ • Doombai Kefavoo, Guaca, Maio, Mannu, Caraw, Pangputook lea, • Unjoo^ Nieu, Boacercc^ Calella. Canana, Aou, Maanadoo^ Tata, Lodok Wurroo^ Aidaffee, Ailea, Aoe, Maate, Tabudge, Tateetook Ufle. Lhua. Tulh^ Uppah, Unna, Pedu, Arru. Saou, ^ RMS. Awomoh The haul, ntbair. neeyts. tbetytJtifiiet. rbemfe. 7bt cbeeku The ears. The I time, Tbeueck. TbebnaJIs. The Hippieti Tbe belly. She novel. The tbigbtm The huet. 'lie legs. The feet. The toes. Tbearmt. TbebamL Abtrje, Abtg. Aj&epi Agpat, A dog, A cat. AfifivL netaih neieai, Afi/b 4 turtle. A eoeoa-mt. Fan palm. Beetle, Lime. Aiifb.hteL Tatcut 9r maris M tbtfiiff' ne/aff. Woe mfOH» nefia. tyater. Fire. Wo die. Tojkepf Ttri/e. One. Wv». three, Four. Fivt. Six. Severn Might. Nine, SiflfOOMni COOK'i FIRST VOYAGE— for maUng ^iftmmiti in the Smtk^ Sm & Rou«d the WorU, 79 tengoorao, fSwi ^ Knguningulfe, - £6w«. Lhwnaooroo; • '^' . Singaflu, •• lOO: ^ Setuppaht • low. Sdacufla. • 10,00a Senta. • 100,000. 8cKboo» * 1,000,000. It !• here neceflkiy to obrerve, that thU ifland hai not Keen laid down in any of the charts hitherto pub- liflted, and at to our account of it, let it be remetn- beitd, that except the fadla in which we were par- tiei, and the account of the obiedls which we had an opportunity to examine, the whole is founded merely tipon the report of Mr. Lange, upon whofc authority it muft therefore reft. Of the iflands in the neighbourhood of Savu, the principal is Timor, which is annually vifited by the DAich refidents on the other idands, in order to make up their accounts. Some of the towns on the north fide of Timor are in the hands of the Portuguefc ; but the Dutch polTefs a far greater proportion of the ifland. on which they have built a foit, and ereded feveral llore..houfes. There are three fhiali iflands. called the Solars, which produce great abundance of the various neceflaries of life, that are carried in fmall veflels to the Dutch fettlements on the ifland of Timor. Theft iflands are low and flat, and one of them has a commo* dious harbdur. 1*0 the weflward of the Solars lies the little ifland ofEnde, in the poflcflion of the Pbrtugucfc. who have built a conflderable town on the N. E. point of it I and clofb to the town is an harbour where fliips may ride in fafcty. The ifland of Rotte has a Dutch refident, whofe buflnefs is fimilar to that of Mr. Lange on the ifland of Savu. Rotte produces, befides fuch thills as are common tor dther iflands, a conflderable quantity of fugar, which is made to a great degree of SrfeAion. There is likewife a fmall ifland lying to t weft of Savu, the chief produce of which is the •itca nut, of which the Dutch receive in exchange for European commodities, as large a quantity every year as toad two veflels. About two years before the Endeavour was in thefe feas.a French (hip wu wrecked on the coaft of Timor : die had been lodged on the rocks feveral days, when the wind tore her to pieces in an inftant, and the Cap- tain, with the greater part of the feamen were drown- ed ; but the lieutenant and about eighty men. havirig reached the flwre, travelled acrofsthe country of Con- cordia, where their immediate wants were relieved, and they afterwards returned to the wreck, in company with (bme Dutchmen and Indians, who aflifted them in recovering all their chefts of bullion,, and other ef- iofls. Thia done they returned to Cbncoidia, where they remained feveral weeks; but in this interval death made fuch havock among them, that not above half their number remained to return to their native coun- try, which they did as foon as a veflel could be fitted out for them. On Friday, the 31ft of September, in the morning, we got under (ail, and bent our courie wcilwaid, along the north fide of the ifland of Savu, and or another tying to the weftward of it^ which at noon bore S. S. E. diftant two leagues. At four in the afternoon, in la- cltude loAvg. 38 min. S. and longitude 338 deg. 28 min. W. we difcovered a fnull low ifland. In the evening of the 33d, we got dear of the iflands, and on the 24th, our latitude by obfet^^tion was 10 deg. cles, with an intention to fell them, but having fixed very high prices on their commodities, and our Savu ftock Ming not yet expended, very few articles were purchafcd. The Captain indeed gave two dollars for twenty.fivc fowls, and a Spanifh' dollar for a turtle, which weighed about fix and thirty pounds. We might alfo Tor a dollar have bought two monkeys, of a whole cage of rice-birds. The mafter of the packet brought with him two books, in on^of which he de- fired of our officers, that one of them wouW write down the name of our (hip and commander t the placie fron» whence we came; to what port bound; with fuch other particulan relaring to ourfelves, as we might think proper, for the information of any of our countrymen who might come after us. In the other book the maf- ter himftlf enteted the names of our fhip and its Cap- tain, in order to tranfmit them to the gpovemor and council of the Indies. We perceived, that inthefirft book many (hips, particularly Poittwuefe, had made entries of the fame kind wini that for which it was Erefented to us. Mr. Hicki, our lieutenant, however, aving written the name of the fhip, only added "from Europe;" The mafter of the packet took notice of 1^ this, but faid, that he was farisned with any thing we thought fit to write, it being intended folely for the in* formation of our friemk. FVidav' the fifth, we made ftveral attempts to fail with a wind that would not ftem the current, and as oftenr ' came to an anchor. In the morning a proa, with a Dutch officer, came along-fideof ur, and fertt to Oip- tainCook a printed jpaper in exceeding bad Englilb, ! dupUcatea of which he had in other languages, all re- gularly figned, in the nimc of the governor and council of the Ind^, by their feCretary ; the contents whereof were the foliowing en^idries^ contained in nine quef- tibns. I. The fliipt name, and 'to what nation flie be- leitged? 1. If fhecan^e from Eun^.'dfaHy other placed' ' 3. FVom what place ftiehacl Hit dcpattedf 4,' Vhereuhtodeflgned togo^ ' 5. What and how many fliRw of the Dutch com- pany by depiRtuc fnari t|^ Isft fl|lR there layed, and theirnames? ■\:M ;- .'''I •lit f i' 80 Ovu C O.O^Il.'i. V O Y A C E S COMPLEX I i r 6. If one or. more of thcfe fhipi, in company with the Endeavour, i* departed for this or any other place? 7. If durins the voyage anjr particularities b hap. . pencd. or ften? ^ 8. If not any (hips in fca, or the freights of Sunda, have fcen, or hailed in, and whicl ? 9. If any other news worth of at cntion, at the place from whence the (hip laftly dcpa.ted, or durin^i the voyage, is happened ? Batavta in the Caftle. By order of the Gpvcrnor General, and the Counfcilors of India, J. Brander Bi'NCL. Sec. The officer obferving, that the Captain did notchufe to anfwer any of the above queHions except the (irft and fourth, he (aid that the reft were not material, though it was remarked that jull afterwards he affirmed he muddifpatch the paper to Batavia, at which place it would arrive by the ncjct day. This examination was rather extraordinary, and the more fo, as it dues not feem to have been of any long (landing. As. foon as the Dutch oflRcer departed, the anchor vmyia^Kd, but in four hours the (hip was forced to conae to an anchor again, till a breeze fprang up; (he thef|,held on her courfe till the next morning, when on accbu'nc'of the rapidity of the current, the anchor was drofwcd ag^n. At lad we weighed on the 8th, and flood clear of ^ laige ledge of rocks^ which we had al- mod ran upon the preceding day. But . in the forc- naon we were once more obliged to anchor near a little illand that was not laid down in anv chart on board. It was found to be one of thofc called the Millcs Ides. Mr. Banks , and Or. Solander having landed upon it, (.'oUcdlfld a few plant*, and (hot a bat which was a yard long, being meafured from the extreme points of the wings; they alfo killed a few plovers on this iriancl.thc breadth of w hich does not exceed one hundred yards, and the length live hundred; they fotmd a houfe and a little fpot of cultivated pround, and on it grew the Pi^ma Chriitl. tma whi a the Wed Indians make their cador dL In aliufle tune after the gentlemen returned to the ihip, bate flaiiiya came along fide in a boat, bring- iiig widi^liciiipompions, dried (ifli, and turtle, (or laJct one fltf the Turtles, which weighed near one hun> (ked and (ifty pounds, they fold for a dollar, and feemed to cxped the fanjie piece en money for. their fruit ; but it being hinted to them that a dollar was too much, they dcruedthat one rnight be cut, and a. piece of it given to tbcm, but this not being complied with, they at length ibid twcnty-dx pompions for a Portuguefe pe- ucka. ^hen tncy departed, they intimated their wiihes, that this traniadion might not be mentioned at Batavia. , We now mad«; but littjle way till night, when the land-breeze (bringing' up, we failed to the £. S. E. and OR the toliowing day, % the aflidance of the fca -breeze, cam^ to an ai)chor in the road of Batavia. At this place wc found a number of large Dutch velfels, the Harcourt Ead Int^iaman from England, which had' lod herpaflj^e to Qiiha, and two fliips Itclonging to the private trade of our India compahjr. The Endea- vour had no (boner anchored, than a (hip was obferved,. with a broad pendant flying, from which a boat was difpatched to domaiid the name of the yctk], with thatof theconuiupder,&c. Tothefe enquiries Clap, tain C]ook gave (ucb aiifwert at he thought proper, and the oihcer who command the boat deoarted. This gentleman, and the crew that 'attended him,' were fo vomQut.wtththeiHriKaMiiac(sof the climate, i^hat it was apparent many dcMlit waiM follow: yet at prefent there was 9ot one invslid ontward of our (hip, except the I ndian Tupia. The Capuin now difpatched an of- (icer to the governor of the town, to apologili^ for the Endeavour'* not falutiiu;: (pr he had bat three guns proper for Uie puipole, «cqpt fwivels, and he was apprehenlive that they would hot be heard. The diip was fo leaky, that (he nude about nine inches vater in 4 an hour, on the average, part of .the (alfc keel was gone , one of her pumps was totally uMeh, «nd the red fo much decayed, that they could not lad longi 1 he officers and feainen coticurring in opinion thai the (hip could not fafcly put to fea again in this condition- the Captain rcfolvcd to folicit pcrniimon to heave bet down I but as he had learned that this mud be dbiic iii writing, he drew up a petition, and had it tran(fatcJ into Dutch. OnWednefday. Oclobcr the i oth, the Captain ami the reft of the ccntlemcn went on fliore, ami aiulicd totheonly Englilh rcftdcntat Batavia; this gcntloHan, whofe name was Lcith, received his coiintrymtn in the polited manner, and entertained them at dinner wiiK great hofpitafity. Mr. Leith informed uj. that a pub- lie hotel was kept in town, by order of the Dutcl) go- vernor, at which place nrcrchants and other (1 ranters were obliged to lodge, and that the landlord of ^hc hotel was bound to find them warchowfcs for their goods, on the condition of receiving ten diillings on every hundred pounds of their value, but as the iJlidca- vour was a king's (hip, her officers and the other gen- tlemen, might refide where they thought proper, only alTcing leave of the governor, whofe permlftion would be inf»antly obtained. Mr. Leith added, that they might live cheaper in this way than at the hotel, if they had any pcrfon who fpoke the Batavian tongue, whom they could rely on to purchafe their jOTvifioiw, but as there ^»s no fucff perfon among the whole (hip"9 crew, the gentlemen immediately beljxike beds at the hotel. In the afternoon Captain Cook attended t\ e go- vernor-general, who received him pofitefy, and to\ii him to wait on the council the next morning, whcr» his petition fliould be laid before them, and every thing that he folicitcd fliouU Ik granted. Late in the even- ing of this day, there happened a mod terrible ftorm of thunder and lightning, accompanied with very heavy rain. In this dorm tijc main-mad of a Dutch Eair Indiaman was fplit and carried away by the deck ; and! the main-top-mad and main-top-gallaht-mad were torn to pieces; it is fuppofed, that the lightning was attradlea by an iron (pindle at the main-top-gallant* mad-head. The Eiideavour, which wa:; at a fmalf didance from the Dutch (hip, cfcapvd without damage, owing, mod probably, to the elcijlricul cbainwb^b, cond^(5ted the lightning over the vclTel.— A centincl on board the Endeavour, who was charging his niuf- quct at the time of the dorm, had it diakcnout of hia hand, and the ram-rod broken to pieces ; the elec- trical chai,n looked like a dream of lire, and the diip fudained a very violent (hocjc. OnThurfday theiith, Capt. Cook waited on the gentlemen of the council, who informed him that alt his requeds (houla be complied with. In the interim the orbcr gentlemen made a contraA with the maOer of the hotel, to (umidi them and their frieiids with as much tea.cp'dec, punch and tobacco, as they might' have occadon for, and to keep them a fcparatc table, for nii)e (hitling^s a day Englidi money: but on the condition that every perfon who (houldvifit them, (hould pay at the rate o( four (hillinga and dx-pence for his dinner^ and the fame (iim for his fupper and bed, if hechofc to deep at, the hotel; they were like- wife to pay for every fervant that attended them fifteen- pence a day. It; was foon difcovered, that they had been much innpofedont for thcic charges were twice as much as could have been demanded at a private houfc,' They appeared to live elegantly, but at the fame time were but illfupplied. Tneir dinner confidiMl of fifteen dilhes, all ferVed up at once; and their fu'p|)er of thir- teen, but of '}htBB, nine or ten were of the mod ordi. nary, becaufe thecheaped, (poultre) that could be pur- chafed, and even (bme of thefe dimes' were obfcrvc'd to' be ferved upfiMir timfs rucceOively r a duck, wljich was hot at dinner, was brought, fold In the, evening, the next day ferved up.as a (riipk({ee, and was cahv^crted into fytcti meat at .night. We, bdwcvcr, only fared as others had done before ut's (t was thecbn(U»ot cofr tem of Ae confcientious mader' of imc hotel, to tteaif' aQ his gucfts in the lame maftner: Irwif t06l( Abinotice of COOK'j FIRST VOYAGE— for making Di/cowrits in the South Seas fc Round the ff^or/ti. 8i ain and a|i|)lic(l on the that alt interim he maOer Itid* with py miKht' \k taolc, it on the jfit them, |ix-pcnce' )pcr and Fere like- I fiftccn- |they had twice a* Ite hourc, lime time if fifteen Idf thir- Ln(l ordi- , bcpur-' lervc'd to' lljiich waji' l>ng, the lah^crted fjly^fahid " aVeofr I to 'tfcit^ pinotice of of it. all wa» well, for the lundlord had the better cuf- totncriof us: if we remoDl'.atcd ngainft fuch treat- ment, the table w«» better fupplied from time to time, till, in the end, we had no reafon to complain. However, after a few days, Mr. Bank« hired for himfelf and party, a fmall houfe. next door to the hotel, for which he paid forty-five (hillinRi per month i but ihey were far from having the convcniencics and privacy they expcdlcd: for noperfon was permitted to flccp m it a» an occafional c.icrt. under a penalty: and Dutch- men were continually ninning in without the Ical» cere- mony, to afk w hat was to be fold, it being a cullom for moft private prrfons in Batavia to be furniOied with fomc articles of traffic. Every one here hires a car- riaiic. and Mr. Banks engaged two. Thcfc carriages are open chaifcsi they hold two perfons, and are driven by a man fitting on a kind of coach-box: lor each of thcfc Mr. Banks paid two rix-tlollars a day. Our Indian friend Tupia had hitherto continued on hoard on account of his diforder, which was of the bilious kind, yet he perliftcd in rcfufingeverv medicine that was offered him. Mr. Banks fent for him to hu houfe. in hopes that he might recover his health. While in the fliip. and even in the boat, he was exceedingly liftlefs and low fpirited. but he no fooncr entered the town than he fcemcd as if reanim.itcd. Thchoufcs. the carriages, ftrccts. people, and a multiplicity of other obieas. wholly new to him. produced an cITcd like the fuppofcd power of fai'cination. But if Tupia was allo- nilhcd at the fcenc, his boy Tayeto was perledlly enrap- tured. He cxprelfed his wonder and delight with Icfs rcftraiiU. He danced along the ftreet in a kind of cx- tacy, and examined every ohjea with a reftlefs curiolity which was each moment excited and gratified. Tupia remarked particularly the variety of dreffcs worn by the paffing multitude, concerning which he made many enquiries. Being informed that here were people of different nations, each of whom wore the habit of his rcfpeftive country, he delired that he might conform tb the cuftom. and appear in that of Otaheitc i and fomc South-Sea cloth being fent for from the fliip. he dreflcd himfelf with great expedition and dexterity. The people of Batavia, who had fcenan Indian brought thither In M. Bougainville's fliip. named Otourou, miftook Tupia for that pcrfon, and frequently aflced if he was not the famf. About this rime we had procured an order to the fuptrintendant of the ifland of Ouruft, where the fliip was to be repaired, to receive her there, and by one of .he fliips that failed for Holland, an ac- count wii f^.it to Mr. Stephens, fecretary to the ad- miralty, of our arrival at this place. Here the captain found an uncxpcded difficulty in procuring money for the expences that would be incurred by refitting the Endeavour; private perfons had neither the ability nor inclination to advance the fum required j he therefore fent a written application to the governor himfelf, who ordered the Shebander to fupply the captain with what money he might want out of the company's trea- fury. Thurfday the 1 8th, early in the moming, after a delay of fome days, we ran down to Ouriifl, and laid the ihip along-fide of the wharf, on Cooper's Ifland, in order to take out her ftores. After little more than nine days, we began to experience the fatal eflrds of the climate and fituation. Tupia funk on a fuddcn, and grew every day worfe and worfe. Tayeto. his boy, was fcized with an inflammation on his lungs. NIr. Banks and Dr. Solander were attacked by fevers, and the two fervants of the former became very ill s in fliort, almofl every perfon both on board and afliorc fell Itck in a few days, owing, as we imagined, to the low fwampy fituation of the place, and the numberlcfs dirty canals, that interfed the town in all diredigns. On the a6th, w hen few of the crew were able to do duty, we crcded a tent for their reception. Tupia, of whole life we began to defpair, defired to be retttoved to thefliiP) in hopes of breathing a ftver air; tfbirever this rould not be. done, as flie was unrigged, «nd pre. paring to be laid down at the careening-placej but oh tl)c 2lJth, Mr. Banks conveyed hiro to Cooper's Ifland, No. lo. or as it is called here. Kuypor, and, as he fccmed pleafcd with the fpot near which the Ihiu lav, a tent was pitched for him. When the fea and land breezes blew over him, he exprefl*ed great fatisfadion at his fituation. On the 30th Mr. Banks returned to town, having, from humanity alone, been two days with Tupia, whofe fits of an intermitting fever, now became a regular tertian, and were lb violent as to deprive him of his fciifcs while ihey lafled. and left him fo weak, that he could fcarcely crawl from his bed. At the fame time Dr. Solaiidcr's fever incrcafcd. and Mr. Monkhoufe, thcfiirgcon, wa.t confined to his bed. On Monday the 5 th of November, after many un. avoidable delays, the fliip was laid down, and the faniL- day Mr. Monkhoufe, our furgeon, fell a facrifice to this fatal country t whofe lofs was more feverely felt, by his being a fenlible, flcilful man, and dying at a time when his abilities were moft wanted. Dr. Solander was juft able to attend his funeral, but Mr. Banks, in hi; turn, was confined to his bed. Great, incxpreflibly great was ourdiflrefs at this time; the profpe>fl before us in the highefl degree difcouraging; our danger fuch as wc could not furmount by any efforts of our own, for courage, diligence, and fkiil, were all equally ineffec- tual ; and death was every day making advanqcs towards us, when we could neither refift nor fly. Thc'jjowcr of difeafe, from the peflifrrous air of the country, ua^y gaining ftrcncth. fcvcral Malay fervants were hlrtdto attend the fick, but they had fo little fenfe either of duty or humanity, that the patient was obliged frequently to get out of bed to feck them. Friday the 9ih, our Indian boy Tayeto paid the debt of nature, and poor Tupia was fo attcdlcd at the lofs, that it was doubted whether he would furvive it till the next day. In the mean time the (hip's bottom having been carefully examined, it was found to be in a worfc condition than we apprehended. The falfe keel was confiderably gone to within twenty feet of the ftern poft I the main keel was injured ih niaoy places; much of the flieathingwas torn off; and fe^ml planks were greatly damaged : two of them, and half of a thjrd, particularly, for the length of fix feet, wert fo worn, that they were not above an eighth parf o^?f rncKthick, and the worms had made their way quIYi^tJ^e tim- bers : yet, in this condition, the EndjcaTAi^ Iftd 'failed many hundred leagues, where luvigation is as danger- ous as in any part of the globe. How much mifery dtd we efcapc, by being ignorant that fo confiderable a part of the bottom of the veffel was thinner than the fole of a flioe, and that every life on board depended on fo flight a barrier between us and the unfathomable ocean! Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks were now fo worn down by their diforders, that the phyfician declared they had no chance for recovery but by removing into the country. In confequence of this advice a houfe was hired for them, at the diflance of about two miles from the town, which belonged to the mafler of the hotel, who engaged to fupply them with provifions, and the ufe of flaves. As they had already experienced the unfeeling inattention of thefe fi;llows to the fick, they bought each of them a Malay woman, who, from the tendernefs of their fex made them good nurfes. While thefe gentlemen were taking meafures for the re- covery of their health, we received an account of the death of our faithful Tupia, who funk at once after the lofs of his boy, Tayeto, whom he loved with the tendernefs of a parent. When Tayeto was firft feizcd with the fatal diforder, he feemed fenfible of his approaching end, and frequently faid to thofe that were about him Tyau mate fee,"*My friends I am dying;" he was very tradable, and took rtljr medicines that were offered him: they were both buried in the ifland of Edam. On the t4th, the bottom of the fliip was thoroughly repaired, and much to Capt. Cook's fatisfao'. \ \i 'I m more diligence and iliill. At thii place th^ heave down with two maftt, a method we do not now pnAife i it is, however, unqucflioiiably more fafe and expeditioui to heave down with two malti than one, and the man nuiO want common frnfe, ot be HrenKely attached to utd cufloms, who will not allow thii, afler Trcing with what facility the Dutch heave down and refu their largcft vcirels at Ourult. At thii time Capt. Cook was taken ill. Mr. Sporingalfo, and a Tailor who attended Mr. Banki, were fci'/.riT with the deadly intcrmittenta, and onlv ten of the (liip'i company were capable of doing (luty. A.i to Mr. Banks and Dr. Solandcr, they recovered Howly at their country hmife, which was open to the fca brce/.c, and lituatcd upon a running Dream i circumftancei that contributed not a little to a free circulation of air. Yet notu ithlUnding thefe perplex- ing obdacles, though harraiVed by a contagious difeafe, and alarmed by frequent deaths, wc proceeded in rig- ging the (liip, and getting water and neceflary ftorei aboard : the flores were ealily obtained and fliipped, but the water we were obliged to procure from Batavin, at the rate of fix fliillingx and eight-pence a leager, or one hundred and fifty gallons. On the 35th, in the night there fell fuch a (bower of rain, for the fpacc of four hours, as even all of us had caufc ever to remember. The water poured through every part of Mr. Banks's houfe, and the lower apart- ments admitted a ITream fuflicicnt to turn a mill. As this gentleman was now greatly reftored in health, he w ent toBittaviathe followingday, and was furprizedtofeethat the inhabitants had hung their bedding to dry. About the 16th of this month the wcflerly monfoon fet in; it blows in the day-time from the N. or N. W. and frtim the S. W. during the night; previous to this, there had been violent (bowers of rain for feveral nights. The mufquitos and gnats, whofe company had been fuf)icieiitly difagrecable in dry weather, now begun to fwarm in immenfe numbers, riling from the puddles of water like bees from a hive; they were extremely trou- blefome during the night, but the pain arifing from the (ling, though very fevere, fekiom httcd more than half an hour, and in the day-time they feldom made their attack. The frogs kept a perpetual croaking in rhc ditches, a certain Han that the wet feafon was com- menced, and that daily rain might be expedled. The (hip being repaired, the (ick people received on board her, and the greater part of her water and (tores taken in, (lie failed from Ourud on the 8th of December, and aifchored in the road of Batavia: twelve days were employed in receiving the remainder of her provi(ions, wat(r, and otiicr nccciTaries, though the bulinefs wtiuld have been done in much lefs time, nut that fomc of the crew died, and the majority of the furvivors were foill, as to be unable to give their aiTiftancc. On the 24th, Capt. Cook took leave of the governor, and fomc other gentlemen, who had diftinguifhed thenUelvn by the civilities they (hewed himt but at this junifhirc an incident #currcd, that might have produced confcquences by no means dcitnblc. A faikir bckinging to one of the Dutch (hips in the road of Batavia, defertcd from the • (Tel, and entered himfelf nn board the jindeavour. Th« captain of the Dutch (hip having made application to the governor, claimii^ the delimiuent as a (ubicdt of the States General, the gover- nor iJTued his order for the rcftoration of the mani when this order was delivered to him, he faid, that the man (hould be given up, if he appeared to Ik a Dutch- num. As the captain was at this time on fliore, and did not intend going on board till the Ibliowing day, he gave the Dutch ollicer a note to the lieutenant, whrt commanded on board the Endeavour, to deliver the defcrter on the condition above-mentioned. Ota the following day the Dutchman waited on Capt. Cook, in- forming him, that the lieutenant had abfolutely refufed togiveup the feaman, faying he was an Iriflinun, and of courfe a fubjei!t of his Britannic Maiefly; Capt. Cook applauded the conduA of his oll^cer, and added, that it could not be cx|Kded that he fliould deliver up an Englilh fubjcit The Dutch officer then liiMl. he was authorifcd. by the cnvernor, to demand the fugitive as a Danifli fubjetff, adding that his name was entered in the fliip's books as having been borne at Eifincuri to this Capt. Cook very properly replied, that thegovcr* nor muft hkve been tniitakvn, when he gave this order for delivering thedefertcr, who had his option whether he would fcrvc the Dutch or the Englifli; but in com- pliment to the governor, the man (hould be given up, as a favour, if he appeared to be a Dane, but that in thia cafe, he (hould by no means be demanded as a right* and that he would certainly keep him, if he appeared to be a fubjec^of the crown of Gresit Britain. The Dutchman now took his leave, and he 1 d not been long gone before the captain recrived a lc*;er from the commanding officer on board, conu^iiing full proof, that the man was an Hnslifh fubjcA. This leuer the capuin carried to the (hcbander, dcfiring him to lay it ' before the governor, and to inform him, that the man • (hould not be delivered upon any temu whatever. Thia fpiritcd condu(ft on the part of Capt. Cook, had the dcfired etfed ; and thus the nutter ended. This day the captain, attended by Mr. Banks and the other gentlemen who had hitherto lived in the town, repaired on board tkt (i>.lp, which got under fail the next morning. The Ek u 4vour was laiuted by the fort, and by the Elgin Ea(t Lidiaman. which then lay in the road ; but foon after thefe compliments weqe returned, the fea-brecze fetting in, they were obliged to come to anchor. SiiKe the arrival of the (hip in Batavia Ro«| every pcrfon belonging to her had been ill, except the fail-maker, who was more than feventy years ou), yet this man got drunk every day while we remained there. The Endeavour buried feven of her people at Batavia viz. Tupia and his boy, three of the failors, the fervanc of Mr. Green the aflronomcr and the furgeon; and at the time of the vefTcl's failing, forty of the crew were tick, and the red fo enfeebled by their late illnefs, as to be fcarccly able to do their.duty. CHAP. XII. A Jifcriptrae account of ibe /orow of Biitavia, and the cininajacenl emnlry-'Ils varims trndu^ions tarliailarized-—Tbe manners, culhms, and way nf IhHng of the inhabitants fully diJ'crihed--'Tbe Efideawmr fails from Batavia to Ibe Cape of Good Hope — A» account j^ the inhabitants of Prince's Ijktnd, ■with a comparative vievtfof their language, •x.'ith that of ' the Malay and Jdvanefe — The arrival of the Endeavour at ibe Cape of Good Hope-^Obfenattons on the run from Java Head to ibat place — The Cape and St. Helena defcribed—Htmarks ou the HotttntotS'^Tbe Endeavour returns to England, ' Md anchors in the tknens on IVednefday, June X2,i'^']V. BAtavia.fituated in6 deg. to min. S. latitude, and 106 deg. 50 min. E. longitude from the meridian of Greenwich, is built OH the bsnk of a ktrge bay; fome- thing Qnore than tweifity miles from the Streight of SunSi, on the north fide of the ifhnd of Java.onalOw boggy ground. Several finaJI rivtrs, trhich rife fSrty miies up the country, in ttie mowttaihs of Bfaieuii«ri'' Ber^ duchargc themiUves into the fei at this plac^,' ft having ftrft interfeded the town m different diredlions. Thereare wide canals of nearly (tagnated water in almoft every ftreet, and as the banks of the canals are planted with tre«i they appear at firft very agreeable ; buithefe tnc^ and ^intaft' combine to render the air |>e(Vi)eTttia). Sjiitte Of *♦« rivers are havigabR, more than thirty iMIHupthe countr/i' and,^ indettd;- the Dut«^h appear td^WM^hoTenthis fjiot to buMi^ town on, (or the' fake ■uatMMt lAMi COOK'i FIRST ¥0YAQE-4bt aakiat tiifh'&tHt, io th« Smf^&m * Roim* the ^H4^ §3 eftiont. atmoft planted utthefe ilemiat. thirty rS fake fake of water earriaae. M •Well cMMnknM Mnii ffi«da every plaeelil the •««, rtecfi the tewM^aT land. A writer mho fMbiiOwd an <««im of thto place near 50 jretia «fl0. wakea the nuinbet of houfei at that lime 4,760, via. i,t4» »«<* hoiifa.Mdi.aoo Chinefe houfca. within the walbi and 1/B66 Dutch hmiiet. and i.a40 Chinefthoofa, without the walla, with 11 houfta for the vending ofarnKk. The ftreeta of Bauvia being wide, and the houTa huge, it Itandi on more ground (ban anjr pkKe that haa only an equal number of houfca. In in weather a moA horrid ftench arifea from the canala, and tainta the air to a great degree 1 and when the raini have fo fweiled their canala that thev overflow their banki, the ground-floora of the houfca, in the lower part of the town, are filled with (linking water, that kavci behind it dirt and flime in amazing quantitiea. The running ftrcama are forne* timet aa offienfive aa the ftagnant canala > for the bodiea of dead aninuli lire frequently lodaed on the (hallow pnrti, where they are left to putrify and corrupt the air, eacept a Wood happeni to carry them awayi ihia waa the cafe of a dead buffalo, while the crew of the Endeavour were there, which lay (linking on the (hoal of a river, in one of the chief (Ueets lor fcveral dayi. They fomciimea clean thec»nalit but this bufineft it pertormni in fuch a manner, as fcarcely to make them left a nuifance than before, for the bottom being cleared of itt black mud, it it left on the fide of the canal, till it ia hard enough to be taken a way in boats 1 and as there are no houfct for necefTary retirement in the whole town, the filth it thrown into the canals regularly once a day I fnthat this mud ii a compound of every thing that can be imagined difagreeable and offenfive. The new church in Batavia, ia a fine piece of build> ing, and the dome of it may be feen far off at fea. Tnia church it illuminated by chandelirn of the mod fbperb workmanfhip, and hat a fine organ : mofl of the other public buiklinga are ancient, conftrudtcd in an ill talle. and |*ave a very compleat idea of Dutch clumfinefi. Thenr method of building their houfet fcemt to have been taught them by the' climate. On the ground-floor there la no room but a laige hall, a corner of which ii parted off for the tranfadtion of bu- linefsi the hall has two doora, which arc commonly left op^n, ami .ire oppofite each other, To that the air palTet freely through the room, in the middle of which there ia a court, which at once incrrafes the draft of air, and affords light to the hallj the (lain, which are at one comer, lead to large and lofty apartmenu above. The female flavet are not permitted to fit in any place but the alcove formed by the court, and this ia the ufual dining place of the family. Batavia is cncompafled by a river of (hallow water, the (Vream of which ia vcrv rapid 1 within thia river, which it of diflerent widths in various placet, ia an old ftone wall, much decayed in many places, and with- in the wall is a canal, wider in fome places than in others, fo that there is no entering the gates of the town hut by crolTing two draw. bridges; there are but few on the ramparts, and no pcrfons are permitted to walk there. There is a kind of citadel, or caftle, in the N. E. corner of the town, the walla of which are both broader and higher than they are in other parti t k ia furniflied with a number of laige gunt, whkh command the landing-place. Apartments arc provided in this caftle for the go- vcrnor-seneral, and alt the council ; and in cafe cm a firge, they have ordert to retire thither. In the caflle are likeuifc a number of (lore-houfea, in which the efbdis belonging to the company are d«pofited. The company have in their pofTefTion large quaniities of gun-powder, which is kept in different placet, that the lightning may not dcftioy the whole flock at once 1 a great number of cannon are likewife laid up within the cafile. I'here arc a great many fortt built in difleient pv» of the country, fevcral miles diftam from Bm». vio, moft pobably ttp&ed to>kcep the natii^ uk fiib> qiiflion; and^ bendea tftcfir, there arc a nun^ of pju, t^ed hou(e^ eitch maunting ejgbt gun^ which arfj^ Ikftioned » to command tH6 canala and-dM lOodao* I (eA. th« y liDicd Which ... Thete are hmifkt of thia kind id haa ' ;h« tdand of i»vai and the other illumk in 1 ourhor ij of whic^ (he Dutch have obtaiUcU po< Thi cUtincIc ^ting rebelled againft (ham •r i7««i, all th> ncfs I't 4 Hi. i IW' fH «ij^ > e OOVK'i V'O Y A &»• O eM f> L't T #. It i. .'■ ■' «i"i., 4 ; i :« ii f ■■ H t\tb nf ihe oftimcc th«y hi^c mmmttlcd: iMkinfr'*'' mpfi i» (h« prinet)Nil'tMirt nl iM tn)|>loyiMnt of iktik rnmiKal*. ' ' ' .' ■ •• The cn^ifom 10- lally Alt, rxri|it in two placet, on one of which the f^n- iernor'l rmincry feat it built, and nn the other they hold a large m.iiket 1 but neither of thcfc pfccei ii higher Ihrfn ten yardt from the tevd of the plain. At near 40 mile* from the town the land rifcs into hilla, tnd'the air it purified in a great degree: to this dillance the tnvalids arc fent by ihcir (rfiyficiani, when every other prof|>ei5t ot° their rerovrry hax failed, and the exueri- incnt nicicedi in almod every inlhinre, for the iicic are rcllored to health ; btu they no Ihnncr return to the town, thi)n.iheir, former difnrdrr. rcvifit them. On ihrfe hills, the mnlt' oipulent of the inhahitanrt have country le^ti, to which thcnr pay an annual vifit. 1 hofc uho relide rnnlhintly on tnchilli, enjoy an ainiolf perpetual flow of health j and nroll of the vegetables of Europe Emw as freely there ai in their native ground ; the ftraw- rrry in pnpti(^ufar Hdirifhci greatly, which is a futVu olrnt prool of the coolncfs Of the air. In this country rice it very plentiful, and, in order to bt' brougiit to pcrfcdlion, fliould lie under water more than hafi' the time it is growini;: but they have a fort uhich grows onthc (ides of the bills, which itunkitown in the WelUIndia illands t this fort h planted when the wet fcaltm commences, and the crop ia gathered in, Ibun after the rains arc over The maize, which grows near Batavia, is gathered while young, and roailcd iA the ear. I'he land likewifc produces carrots, celery, parllcy, afparagus, onions, radiihcs, cabbages, lettuces, iticumbers, Iciuiles, kidney-beans, hyflbp, fage, rue, duced here, and, while the quantity is beyond compa- I'ilbn greater, the care of cultivation is Inconceivably 4efs than in the Weft-India iflands. White fugir is re- tailed at two-pence halfpenny the pound; and arrack il niadc of the molalTes, with a fmall addition of rice, dnd the wine of the cocoa-nut. The inhabitants likewife raifca little indico fbrtheirown life, but do not export it. The fruits of this country are near forty in mimbcrt and uf fome of thefc there are of fevehd kind*. P|ne4 apples grow in fuch abundabce, thkt they may be fMsr- chafed, at the iirft hand, for the value of an En^lilh farthing ; and wc bought fome very large ones tor a halfpenny a-piece at the fruit-fliopi, ana their .nfte it very excellent. They grow fo luxuriantly, that fevcn or eight fuckers have been fcen adhering to One Qero. The fweet orangei of Batavia, are good. of their kind, but very dear at particular times. The (haddocks of the Weft. Indies,, calltd here Pamplemoofts, have an agreeable flavour. Lemons were very fcarce when the Sideavour lay in the harbour, but limes were altogether at plentiful, . and fold at little more than two-pence the fcori:.. Thene are many kindi of oranges and lemons, ' but none of them excellent. Of majigoet there 'are plenty, but their taftc is far inferior to the melting peach of England, to which they have been comparedl It it faid that the heat, and extreme dampneia of tht clinsatc does not raree with them, yet thercalt miknt diffeicnt kinds of them. Of bananas, there-.nrfe aa atnazing vwiefty of forts, fome of whiclbbcii^.l)C|iie thing bigger than a cherry : they have no kind of tafte, but that of a watry acid. The Jambu eycr inauwar, linells like a rofe, and its tafte is not unlike that of coniitrve of rofes. The mangoftan is of a dark red co- lour, and not larger than a (mall apple : to the bottom ut this fruit adhere feveral little leaves of the blolToms, while on its tops are a number of triangles combined in a circle: it contains' fevcrai kernels ranged in a circular form, within which is the pulp, a fmit of moft cxauiflte tnftct it is equally nutritious and agree- able, and is conftantly given to perfons who are trou« bled with inflammatory or putrid fevers. The fweet orange uf this country is likewife given in the fannc dif- orders. The pomegranate of the^ parts differs in no- thing from that generally known in England. Thedu- rion takes its name from the word Dure, which, in the language of that country, means prickles, and the name is well adapted to the fruit, the (hell of which is co- vered with ftiarp paints, (haped like a fugar-loaf : ita contents are nuts not much fmaller than chefnuts, which are forrounded with a kind of juic refembling cream t and of'lhis the inhabitants eat with great avidity: the fiiKll of ihis fruit is more like that of onions, than any other European vegetable, and its tafte is like that of onions fUgar, and cream intermixed: the infide of the duri.on^ when ripe, is parted, lengthways, into fc- veral diviliona. The nanca is a fruit that fmella like gai^ick and apples mixed together : its fize in the gar- d.eiM of ^tAVia^ U not bigger than that of a midalin^; (ized pompion, and its fhape is nearly t e famec it is covered with pricklea of an angular form. We were informed that, at a place called Madura, it has been known to giov to fuch an enormous fize as to require the ftrcngth. of two men to carry it. The champada is itt; all rcwoAa like the nauca, only that it ia not fo large. The ramWaii contains a fruit within which is a ftonc, tliat is perbaps the flneft acid in the worhl : this fruit is not unlike.aychefnut with its hu(k on ; and it ia covered with finall prickles of a dark red colour, and fo foft as to yiitld to the flighteft impreirion. The gambolan re- femUcf a damafcen both in colour and fize, and it of a \liti^ afltrinEcnt nature. The* bon bid«r» taftet like aii apflle.. and it 'likewife extremely aftringeiM t its fize it tk» t>f agooieberry, itt form niund, and its cokMir >1 y.dlfl»u.i The nam nam makes an excellent fritter,, if a fried COOK'i FIRST VOYAGE— for mMngDi/ctvtria ir> the Simlb Stat Ac Round thtlVtrld. %i friett in baticr, but m not cfle in«l when raw: ihe rind of It it rmigh. It« tftiRth to i mut ihrrc incHn, amt in (hape not unlike thtt of • I \tdii»i. The cttappa and the c»nii « arc two rpccica of itiii, the kernel* of which •re like ttinfe of an almond, but (o hard, that it it al- moft I MtpoflTible to break them. The mtd|a containt a SNili) ot a fharp tafte, which to eaten with fuf^r: thii ruit It covered with a hard (hell. The fiintal ii a fruit Ti-arccly At to be eaten, being at onre alhin^nt, nnd, and o4' a moft unpleafant laile, ^rt it it publicly Ibid in th« niectt of Batavia: It cnniaint a number of kerncli, wSiih are inclofed in a thick (kin. The r«tack ia nearly of the (lie of a Tmall golden pippin, and containt a few kcrnela of a yellow citlour, the talk of which it not unlike that of a ftrawbcrryi but the covering of this frMit i* very remarkalilc, at it confiftt of a luimtier •( fr ■ 'ei, refembling thnfe of a lilh. The chcfrcma ami ' ic blimbing, are twu four fruiia, exceedingly well aditf <.ed to make four fiuce, and picklct. The blimh. ilia bcffv it another fruit of the fantc kind, but confuler- ably fwcctcr. Of the fiuiit not in fcafon when Captain G)ok wai at Batavia, are the boa aiap, and the kmfliip, which he fiw prefcrvctl in fugar : and there arc fcvcral other tortt which the B:itaviant arc Ibiid of, but they nrc ne- ver eaten by Itrangcrt: among thofc arc the niormfr.i, the gtiiliiiuina, the killer, and the (bccunu thn hiH hat the ap^iearam e of the hicad-fruit which it ptcMitu ivl in the idamU of the South Seat, but it it not near fo good, though the tree on which it growt is ainioft v\- atitly like the bread-fruit tree. At Bitavia vail (jii in. tiliet of fruit are eaten. There are two market* hiM weekly, at dillant placci, for the better .ivcoinimnlation of thofc who iclidc indiflerent p.irt« of the councry. Mere the friiit.fellcrt meet the g.ir(lcncrt, and purchaii; the good* at low rates. \Vc arc told it is not uncom- mon to fee hfty or ftxty loadi of pine-applet carclelly thrown together at thofc r.^arkctt. Flowcrt arc ftrcwn by the inhabitanti of Batavia and Java, about their houfet, and they arcconftantly burning aronutic woodi and gums, which it fuppofcd to be done by way of pu- rifying the air from the Wench that arifct from the ca- lult and ditchea about the town. ' In thia country fweet-fcented flowera are plentiful, nuny fpecies of which being entirely unknown, are worth remarking. Thecombang tonquin, and com* b.ing carcnafTi, arc particularly fragrant flowers, which bear fcarcely any rcfemblaiwe to any of thofc flnweri with which we are acq"ainted. They arc very fmall, and fcem to be of the dog't-bane fpecies. The ca- munga which it more like a bunch of leaves than a Hower, is of a lingular fmeil, but very grateful. The bon tanjong is of a pale yellow cad, and haf . very agreeable fmcllt it ia about an inch and a hali in cir- cumference, and conGlto of pointed leaves, which give it the appearance of a (lar. 1'hc champacka rmclls fomewhat like a jonquil, but is rather of a deeper yel- low. A large tree upon the ifland produces thia flower. There is alK> an extraordinary kind of flower called fundal nuL ., which flgnifiei the intriguer of the night. Th.^ .lower has no fmcll in the day-time, but us night comet on, it has a very fragrant fccnt, and is very much like the Engiidi tubcrole. Thofc flowers being mad;: >.• > nofegaytof difl^crentlhapes, or llrung u|ion thread, are earned through the llreet for falcon ai) evening. The gardens of the gentlemen produce federal other forts of flowers befides thcfe which we have mentioned, but they are ikx oflfered to fale, bc- cauCe there is not a fufljcicnt plenty of them. A plant, called the pandang, is produced here, the leaves of winch being thrcd (null, and mixed with other flowers, the natives of both fexc* fill their cloaths and hair with this mixture, which they likewifc fprinkle on their beds, and flccp under this heap of fwects, a thin piece of chmtz being their only covering. Formerly the only fpicc that grew on the ifland of Java was pepper. A confidcraue quantity it bnmght from thence by the Dutch, but very little M it to maiic ufe ot in the country. The inhabiunu prefer cayat^ peoper, and are fond of cloves and nutmeg, but theft No. IS. firlt are too deir to be commonly ufcd. Near the ifland of Amboyna are foiiM little iflcs, on whKh the cloves grow, and the Obtch were not eafy till they all became (heir property. Scarcely any (xher nutmegt are found but on the lltond of Banda, which however furnifhcs enough fdr all the nations that have a demand for that comnioility. There are but few nutmeg-trees on the coall of New Guineii. The ifland of Java, of which we have already Iboken, produces horfes, buflaloci, flieep, goats, and hogi. The fort of horfes faid to have been met with here when the country was flrit difcovcred, appeared tO be nimble animals though fmall, being gem-rally fcldom above thirteen hand< high. The horned cattle of this country are difl''erent from thofc of JMirope. They are quite leani but of a very fine grain. 1 nc Chineic and the natives oif Java eat the hiilfaloet ftefh, which the Dutch conftantly re- fute, Ix-ing imprellird u ith a flrange idea that it it fever- i(h. I he flicep arc hairy like gouts, and have longeart : they are niollly found to be tough and ill-tafled. There hajiprning to he a few from the Cape of Good Hope at liiiavia, li>ineof ihcin were purcnafcdat the rate of one (hilling a [loiind. The hoffi, efbecially thofc of the C'hineic (lu<.k, are very fine rood, but fo fat at that the lean is re|>araccly fold the butchert, u ho arc Chi* nefc i the far, they melt and fell to their countrymen to be t.iten with ihcir rice. Yet though thcfc hogs are fo fine, the Duttli prefer their own breed, and the confc- Hiicnce iH that thefc latter arc fold at extravagant rate*. As I he I'ortiigiierc flioot the wild hogt anddecr, they arc r<)Iil at a luiKlcr.ite price, and arc good eating. As (>) iho goats of thii country they arc at indifl'crcnt aithe lliee(). l>ogH aiul tats arc found here in abundanrc^ anil iherf arc numbers of wild horfes at a conlidcraWe dillaiuc trom Batavia, on the mountain'!. Th.rcare a tuv monkeys fien near the town ; but there are many on the inoiintaint and Jcfart places, where there are alio tygcrs, and a few rhinoccrofcs. Of li(h an aflonilhing quantity is taken here, and all are fine food, except a few that are fcarcc; yet the in- habitants will not eat thofc that are found in abundance, but purchafc thofc which are worfe and fcarcer, a cir- cumflance that contributes to keep up the price of the latter. A prejudice likewifc prevails among the Dutch which prevents them from eating any of the turtle caught in thefe parts, which are very good food, though not equal to thofc that are found in the Wefl-Indies. Very large lizards are common at Batavia; fome of them arc faid to be as thick as a man's thigh ; and Mr. lianks fltot one five feet long, which being drefl, proved very agreeable to the tafle. We founa fnipes of two diflcrcnt forts j and thruflies might have been purchafed of the Pbrtugucfc, who were the only dealers in this fort of birds, and venders of wild fowl in the country. In the ifland are palm-wine, and arrack. Of the former are three forts, the firft of which is drank in a few hours after it is drawn from the tree, and is moderately fweet ; the fecond and third forts are made by fermen- tation, and by putting feveral forts of herbs and roots into the liquor. In Java, the religion of Mahomet is prefefled, for which reafon the natives do not make ufe of wine pub- licly: but in private few of them will ^refufc it. They alfo chew opium, whofe intoxicating qualities prove its Kcommendation to the natives of India. \i we exclude the Chinefc, and the Indians of dif- fereni nations, who inhabit Batavia and its environs, the inhabitants only amount to a fnull number, not a fifth pan of whom are faid to be Dutchmen, even by defcent. The Portuguefe out-number all the European fettleis on the ifland. The troops in the ferrice of the flates of Holland, are compofed of the natives of al- moftall the nations of-Europci but the greater part of them are Germans. When any perfon goes to re- fide at Batavia, he is obliged toenterflrflas afoldier, to ferve their company for Ave years. Afterwards he applies for a leave of abfence to the council, which be- ing granted as a thing of eourfe, he engages inai^ bu- iincis that he thinks proper to chufe. There is however a lioct of policy in this matter,fince the Dutch have thus Y always ..* -t 86 m \ ! I i» m M I'. Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. always a forijc ready to arm and join their troops in thiscountry upon any eimcrgency; all places of power and profit are held by the IXitch, and no foreigner has anv (iiarc in the management of public att'airs. NotwithOanding all the men of other countries are bound to obferve the rules above-mentioned, yet wo- men from all parts may remain here unmoloftca. It ap- peared that the whole place could not furnifh fifty fe- males who were natives of Europe; yet the town abounded with white women, who were defcended from Europeans, that had fettled there at different times, all the men having paid the debt of nature; for fo it is, that the climate of Batavia deftroys the rtien much farter than the women. Thefe women follow the deli- cate curtom of chewing beetle, after the example of the native Javanefc, whofe drcfs they imitate, and whofe manners they copy, in all rcfpeih. Mercantile bufi- nefs is conducted at Batavia with the flightert trouble imaf^inable. When a merchant receives an order for goods of any kind, he communicates the contents of it to the Chinefe, who are the univerfal manufafturers. The Chinefe agent delivers the effcifts on board the fhip for which they are b fpoke, and taking a receipt for them from the mailer of the vefTcl, he delivers it to the merchant, who pays the Chinefe for the goods, and refcrves a confiderabic profit, without the Icaft trouble, rifque, or anxiety. But when a merchant im|X)rts goods of any kind, he receives them himfdf, and lodges them in his own w.irehoufcs. It may be ■ ^ndcred thnt the Chinefe do not (hip the goods on their uccount, but from this they are reftrided, and compelled to fell them to the merchants only. The inhabitants of Java dillinguilh the Portuguefe by the name of Oranferanc, that is, Nazarcne-menj but thefe ufe the general term of Caper, or Cafir, refpeding all who do not profefs ihe religion of Mahomet, and in this they include the Portuguefe. But the Portuguefe of Batavia are fo only in name ; for they have neither any connexion with, or knowledge of the kingdom of Portugal, and they have changed the religion of the church of Rome, for that of Luther; with the manners of the natives, they arc wholly familiarifed, and they commonly fpeak their language, though they are able to converfe in a cor- rupt kind of Portuguefe. They drefs in the habit of the country, with a difference only in the manner of wearing their hair; their nofes are more peaked and their ikin of a- deeper cart than that of the natives. Some of them are mechanics and artificers, others fub- liftby wartiingof linen, and the reft procure a mainte- nance by hunting. The Indians of Batavia, and the country in its neigh- bourhood, are not native Javanefe, but arc either born on the feveral iflands from whence the Dutch bring their fiaves, or the offspring of fuch as have been born on thofe iflands ; and thefe having been made free cither in theirown perfons or in the perfons of their ancertors, enjoy all the privileges of freemen. They receive the general appellation of believers of the true faith. The various other Indian inhabitants of this country attach themfclvcseach to the original cuftoms of that in which themfclves or their ancertors were born ; keeping them- Iclves apart from thofe of other nations, andpradifing both the virtues and vices peculiar to their own coun- tries. The cultivation of gardens, and the confe- quent fale of flowers and fruit afford fubfirtcnce to great numbers of them: thefe arc the people who raife the bee- tle and arcca, which being mixed with lime, and a fubrtance that it called Gambir, the produce of the Indian continent, is chewed by perfons of all ranks, women as well as men : indeed fome of the politer la- dies make an addition of cardamum, and other aroma- tics, to take off the diiagreeabic fmell with which the hreat'i would be othcrwife tainted. Some of the Indi- ans are very rich, keep a great number of (laves, and live, in all refpeds, according to the curtom of their refpiedlive countries, while others are employed to carry goods by water; and others again fubfift by fUliing. The Oranflams, or believers of the faith, feed principally on boiled rice, mixed with a fmall quantity of dried rtirimps and other firti, which arc imported from China, and a little of the flcfli of buffaloes and chickens ; they are fond of fruit, of which they cat large quantities, and with the flour of the rice they make fcveral forts of paftry. They fometimcs make very fuficrb entertain- ments, after the falhion of their rcfpcttive countries ; but, in general, they are a very temperate (icoplc; of wine they drink very little, if any, as the religion of Mahomet, which they profefs, forbids the ufe of it. When a marriage is to be folcmnizcd among them, all the gold and filver ornaments that can be procuicd, arc borrowed to deck out the young couple, who, on thcic occafions, never fail to make the moll fplcndid appcar- anccj fumptuous entertainments are given by thofe who can afford them, which continue twelve or fourteen days, and frequently more, during all which time the women take care that the bridegroom rtiall not vilit his wife privately, though the wedding takes place previ- ous to the fertival. All thefe Indians, though they come from different countries, fpeak the Malay language if it dcferves that name. On the ifland of Java there arc two or three different dialers, and there is a lan- guage peculiar to every fmall ifland; it is conjedured that the Malay tongue is a corruption of the language of Malacca. The hairof thefe people, which is black without a fingle exception, grows in great abundance ; yet the women make ufe of oils, and other ingredi- ents, toincreafe the quantity of it: they faffen it to the crown of the head with a bodkin, having firrt twill- ed it into a circle, round which they place an elegant wreathe of flowers, fo that the whole head -drefs has a mort beautiful appearance. It is the univerfal cullom both with the men and women, to bathe in a river once every day, and fometimcs oftner, which not only pro- motes health, l^nf prevents that contradion of filth, that would be othcrwife unavoidable info hot a climate. The teeth of the Oranflams have fome particulars m them well worthy of notice. With a kind of whctftone they rub the cncls of them till they are quite flat and even; they then make a deep groove in the teeth of the upper jaw, in the centre between the bottom of each tooth and the gum, and horizontally with the latter ; this groove is equal in depth to a quarter of the thick- nefs of the teeth ; yet none of thefe people have a rot- ten tooth, though according to the dentills of England and France, fuch a thing murt be unavoidable, as the tooth is placed much deeper than what we call the enamel. The teeth of thefe people became very black by the chewing of beetle, yet a flight waffling will take off' this blacknefs, and they will then become pcrlcdiy white; but they are v.ory feldom wafhed, as the depth of the colour is very far from being thought difagrcc- able. Mort of our readers mull have heard of the Mo- hawks ; and thefe are the people whoarcfo denominated, from a corruption of the word amov.k, which will be explained by the following rtory andobfervations. To run amock is to get drunk with opium, and then feizing fome offenfive weapon, to Tally forth from the houfc, kill the perfon or perfons fuppofed to have injured the Amock, and any other perfon that attempts to impede his paftage, till he himfelf is taken prilbner or killed on the fpot. While, Captain Cook was at Batavia, a perfon whofe circumrt.-inces in life were independent, being jealous of his brother, intoxicated himfelf with opium, and then murdered his brother, and two other men who endeavoured to feize him. This man, con- trary to the ufual cullom, did not leave his own houfc, but made his refirtancc from within it ; yet he had ta- ken fuch a quantity of the opium, that he was delirious, which appeared from his attempting to fire three muf- quets, neither of which had been loaded, nor even primed. Jealoufy of the women is the ufual reafon of thefe poor creatures running amock for a-muck] and the firrt objedl of their vengeance is the perlbn whom they fuppofe to have injured them. The ollicer, tthole bufinefs it is to apprehend thefe unhappy wretches, is fuhnithed with a long pair of tongs, in order to take hold of them without coming within the reach of the point of their weapon. Thole who may be taken alive, which is not often the cafe, are generally wounded; but they are always broken upon the wheel ; and if the • phy- COOKs FIRST VOYAGE— for making Diftovtrits in Ae South Stas ic Raund the fror/J. 9f phyficiaii, who is appointed to examine their woonds, thinks them likely to be mortal, tht punlflmicnt isin- flidcd immediately, and the place of execution is gene- rally the Ipot where the firft murder was committed, A number ot' abfurd cuftoms prevailed aniong thcfe people, and opinions nolefs ridiculous. They believe th;u the devil, whom they call Satan, is the author of licknefsandadvcrfity ; therefore, when fick.or in diftrcfs, they olfcr meat, money, and other thing?, as propitia- lory facrificcs. Should one among them be reftlefs, or fljould he dream for two or three nights fucceflTively, he imagines the Devil has laid his commands upon him» when, upon ncgled to fulfil, he concludes his punifli- IT-nt will certainly be fickncfs or death, though fuch commands may not be revealed with liifficicnt per- fpicuity. To interpret his dream, therefore, he ftraina his wits to the uttcrmoft, and if, by taking it literaUjr or figuratively, diredtly or by contraries, he can put no explanation that fatisfics him, he applies to the Cawin or pricrt, who unravels the myfterious fuggeftions of the night, by a comment, in which it generally appears, that Satan wants viduals or money. Thcfe arc placed on a little plate of cocoa-nut leaves, and hung upon the branch of a tree near the river, fo that it feems not to be the opinion of thefe people, that ih prowling the earth the devil " walkcth through dry places." Mr. Banks once alked, whether they thought Satan fpent the money, or cat the viduals -, they faid, that as to the money it was confidcred rather as a muldl upon an of- fcnikr, than a gift to him who had enjoined it ; and that therefore if it was devoted by the dreamer, it did not lignify into wliofe hands it came, and they fiippofcd it was generally thr pu/.eof fomc ftrangcr who wandered that way; but refpccling the meat, they were clearly of opinion, that, although the Devil did not cat the grofs parts, yet by bringing his mouth near it, he fucked out all its favour without changing its pofition, fo that afterwards it was as infipid as water. Another fuperftitious notion of this people is ftill more unaccountable. They imagine that women, when delivered of children, are at tne fame time de- livered of a young crocodile ; and that thofc animals being received carefully by the midwifes, arc immedi- ately carried down to the river, and put into the water. The family in which fuch a birth is fuppofed . to have happened, conftantly puts viduals into the river for their amphibious relation, efpcciaHy the twin, who as long as he livcsi, goes down to the river at dated times, to fulfil his fraternal duty; for ao DmilTion of which, according to the general opinion, he will be vifited with ficknefs or death,. We are at a lofs to accotint for an opinion fo extravagant and abfurd, efpecially as it feems to be unconneded with any religious myftery.and how it fliould be pretended r "happen by thofc who cannot ' bt deceived into a belief of it by appearances, nor have any apparent intered in the fraud, is a problem ftiil •more difficult to folvc. The ftran^e bdief of this ab> furdity, however, is certain, for which wc had the con^- A>)pwn among Europeans. . To thcfe they apply w^h- ft'^'^ eagernefs, as fcaKcly to allow time b)r nccedai7 re- frefhments of lood and deep. In nmnncri thi)'- are al- ways J m f 88 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLE T E. li' -I "1 f , '1 ways rather obfequious ; and in drefs they are remark- zHy neat and clean, in whatever rank of life they are placed. A dcfcription of their pcrfons or drefs is un- ncceflkry, feeing the better kind of China paper com- mon m L'ngland, exhibits an exa& reprefentation of both, though perhaps with fome flight exaggerations. With ref^i^t to their eating, they arc caliiy fatisfied ; but the tew that are rich nave many favory di(bes. The food of the poor is rice, with a fmall proportion of flc(h or (i(h; and they have the advantage of the Mahomcdan Indians, on account of their religion; for the Chinefe, being iinder no rcftraini, eat, bcfides pork, dogs, cats, frogs, lizards, fcrpcnts, and a great variety of fca animals, which the otncr inhabitants do not con- fidcr as food. They alfo eat many vegetables, which an European, except he was perilhing with hunger, would not tafte. They have a lingular cultom refjKdt- ing the burying their dead ; for they cannot be prevailed upon to open the ground a fecond time, where the body has been depofited. On this account, in the neighbour- hood of Batavia, their burying-grounds contam many hundred acres; and the Dutch, pretending this to be a wade of land, will not fell any for this purpofe, un- lefs at an exorbitant price. The Chinefe, however, contrive to raife the purchafe money, and aftbrd another inftance of the folly and weakncfs of human nature, in transferring a regard for the living to the dead, and making that an objetl of (blicitudc and expence, which cannot receive the lealt benefit from either. Under the influence of this univerfal prejudice, they take an uncommon method to preferve the body entire, and to prevent the remains of it from mixing with the earth that furrounds it. To this end they enclofe it in a large thick wooden coffin, hollowed out of folid timber like a canoe. This when covered and let down into the gntvc, is furrounded with a coat of mortar, called Chinam, about eight or ten inches thick, which in a fliort time cements, and becomes as hard as ftone. The relatives of the deceafed attend the funeral ceremony, with a confiderable number of female mourners, hired to weep. In Batavia, the lawrequires, that every man (hould be interred according to his rank, which is in no cafe to be difpenfed with ; fo that if the deceafed has not left fufficient to pay his debts, an officer takes an inventory of what was in his poiredion when he died, and out of the piroduce buries him in the manner pre- fcribed, leaving only the overplus ro his creditors. The k>we(t clafs of people in this country are the (laves, by whom the Dutch, Portugtife, and Indians, whatevertheir rankor fituation,are conftantly attended. They arc bought in Sumatra, Malacca, and almoft all the kaftcm Iflandi: biit the natives of Java, very few of whom live in Batavia, are exempted from flavery, under the fandion of very fevcre penal laws, feldom we believe violated. Thefc (laves arc fold from ten to twenty pounds (Verling each; but girls, if bandfome, will fetch fometimcs a hundred. Being of an indolent difpofition, they will not do much work, and arc there- fore content with a little viduals, fubfifting altogether upon boiled rice, and a fmall quantity of the cheapeft (i(h. They arc natives of different countries, on which account they differ from csrh other extremely both in perfon and temper. The Papua, as they arc here called, or ,the African negroes arc the worft, moft of them thieves and all incorrigible; confequently they may be purchafed for the lea(t money. The next clafs to thcfe arc the Bougis and MacafTars, both from the ifland of Celebes; who in the higheft degree are lary, though not fo much addided to theft as the negroes ; yet they ■re of a cruel and vindiihve fpirir, whereby they are rendered exceeding dangerous, cfjpecially as to gratify their refcntmcnt, they make no (crupic of any means, nor of facnficing life itfclf. Bdides thefc there are Malays and (laves of other denominations : but the bcft, ahd we were told they were never lower than five flilllinps and four- pence, even at the Company's warehoilfe. For Englifii guineas the exchange upon an average was nineteen (hillings ; for though the Chmcfc would give twenty fliillings for fomc of the brighten, thofe that were much worn were valued at only fevcntcen fliillings. There arc two forts of coin current here of the fame denomination ; thcfe axe milled and unmilled ; the former of which is of mod value. ' \ milled ducatoon is valued at eighty flivers; and an unmilled one at no mure than fcventy-two. A rix-dollar is equal to forty- tight ftivers, about four (hillings and fix-pence Engli(h currency. All accounts arc Kept in rix-dbllars and ftivers, which here, at Iqaft.arc nominal, like our pound ftcrling. • On Thurfday, the ayth of December, early m the morning, wc weighed, lefj the harbour of Batavia, and ftood out to fea. On the 29th, after much delay by contrary winds, we weathered Pulo Pare, and ftood for the main. On the fame day paflTed a fniall ifland be- tween Batavia and Bantam, called Mancater's iflandl On Sunday the 30th, wc weathered Wapping and Pulo Babi iflands. and the next day, being the 3 r ft, wc ftood over to the Sumatra flrore. On the morning of this new year's day, being Tuef- n ^''y* J^""'"y ^^^ ' ^: *^ ftccrcd for th? A. U, 1771. jj^yjj Ji^orp^ jnd continued OJr courfe, as the wind permitted us, till three o'clock in the after- noon of the ah, when wc cart anchor on the fouth- eaft fide of Prince's Idand, in eighteen fathom wa- ter, in order to recruit our ftores, and procure rcfrefti- ments for the fick, many of whom were much wprfe than they were at our departure from Batavia. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, accompanied by the Captain and other gentlemen, went a(horc. We met upon the beach fome Indians, by whom wc were condutfted to one, who, they faid, was their king. Having ex- changed a few compliments with this perfon, we entered uponbufinefs; but in fettling the price of turtle could' not agree. Upon this we took leave, the Indians dif- perfed ; and wc pro(.eeded alone ftibrc in fcarch of a watering place. Wc happily focceeded in finding a veiy convenient one. and had rcafon to believe, with care ip filling, it would prove agreeable to oar wifiies. On our return, fomc Indians, ^ho remained with a canoe upon the beach, fold us three turtle, but wc were obliged to promife, that we wou|d nottell the king. On Sunday the (5th, wc renewed with better fucccfs our traific for turtle. About noon the Indians lowerca their demands flowly, infomiich, that before the even- ing they accepted our ftipulated price, and we had tur- tle in plenty. In the mean time, the three We had ^ur- chafed were ferved to the (hip's company, who, till yeftcrday, had not fed on fait provifions from the tirhc of uur arrivial at Savu, wl^ich was now near three, months. Mr. Banks, in the evening, paid a vifit to, the king, by whom lie was received very gracioufly at his palace, in the middle of a rice field, notwiihftanding his majefty was bufity employed in dreffinff his own fupper. "The day following, Monday the 7tn, the In- dians rcforted to the nacnng place with fowls, fi^, monkeys, fmall deer, and fome vegetables ; bu( no tur- tle appeared till next day, Tuefday the ^th, after whkh fome were brought to market every day, whileNvc ftaid, but the whole quantity together was' not equal to that, wc bougbt the day after our arrival. Friday the i tth, Mr. Banks having received ini^lli- gencc from a fcrvant he had hired'at Batavia, that the Indians of this ifland had a towo fituated near the (here, to the weft ward, he determined to go hi fearchof the fame. With this view-he fctout iirthe morning,' ac- companied by the fecond. lieutenant! and appretiend- ing his vifit might not be agreeable to the natives, he tQld fuch of then as he met. that ke was in fearch of No. 10. plants, which wns indeed alfo true. Having cohic to a place where there were three or four houfcs, they met with an old man, of whom they ventured to m»kc a few enquiries concerning the town. He would have perfuaded them, that it was at a ercat diftancc; but perceiving they proceeded forward, he joined coi. ; iny, and went on with them. The old man attempted fe- vtjral times to lead them out of the way, though with- out fuccefs; but when at length they came within fight of the houfcs, he entered cordially into their party, and condudcd them into the town, the name of which is Samadang. It confifts of about four huiulicd houfcs, and is divided by a brackifti river into two parts, one called the old, and the other the new town. When they had entered the former, they v.-erc accoftcd by fc- veral Indians whom they had fccn at the trading place, and 6nc!of them undertook to carry tlicm over to the new town, at two-pence per head. The bargain be- ing made, they embarked in two finall canoes, placed aloiig-fide of each other, and laflicd together, to pre- vent their dver-fetting. They landed fafely, though not without fomc difficulty; and when they came 10 the new town, the people flicwed them every mark of a cordial friend(hip, (hewing them the houfcs of their king and principal people. Few of the houfcs were open at this time, the inh.ibitants having 't>>ken up . their refidence in the rice-grounds, to defend their crops againft the birds and monkeys, who without thi4 nccelTary precaution would deftrcy them. When their curiofity was fatisficd, they hired a large failing boat for two rupees, value four (hillings, which conveyed them to the bark time enough to dine upon one of the fmall deer, weighing dnly forty pounds, which proved to be exceeding good and favoury food. In the evening we again went on ftiore, to fee how our people went on, who were employed in wooding and watering, wh9n we were told, that an axe had been ftolcn. Application was immediately made to the king, who, after fome altercation, promifed, that the axe (hould be rcftored^ in the morning ; and it was accordingly brought to us by a man, who pretended, that the thief, afraid of a difcovery, had left it at his houfe in the night. On Sunday, the i.;tb, having nearly complcatcd our wood and water, Mr. Banks took leave of his niajcfty, to whom he had made fcveral trifling prcfents, and at parting gave him two quires of paper, which he gra- cioufly accepted. During their converfation, the king enquired, why the Englifli did not touch at the ifland as they had u led to do. Mr. Banks replied, that the reafon was, he fuppofed, bccaufethey found a deficiency of turtle, of which theri^ not being enough ^o fupply one (hip, many could not be expedcd; and to fu{^ly this dete4. - .f 1 nngan, • ■ ft %'nihrr.i rt'/rll .^; 1 fuch a didance from each other, as to leave a free paf- fage for the air from below.. The walls alfo are of bam- boo, interwoven hMrdlcwife, with fmall dicks, and faf- tened perpendicularly to the beams which form the frame of tne building; it has a doping roof, fo we|t thatched with palm-leaves, that neither the fun, nor rain can And entrance. The ground-plot, upon which the building is creded, is an oblong Square. On one fide is the door, and in the fpace between that and the other end of the houfe, inthe center, towards the left hand, is a window. A partition runs out from each end of the houfe, which continues fo far as to leave an opening oppoflte the door. Each end of the hoMs therefore, to the right and left of the door, is divided into two apartments, all open towards the paflagc from the door to the wall on the oppofite fide. In that on the left hand, next to the door, the children deep; that oppofite to it it fortheufc of drangers; in (he iimcr ropm, on the left hand, the madcr and his wife flc^p; and that oppofite to it is the kitchen. The only difle- rence between the poor and the rich, with re/pedl to thele houfes, confids in their fize: but we mud except the royal palace, and the hpufe of one Gundang, the n -t man in riches and influence to the king; forthofc mdead of being wattled with dicks and bamboos, arc enclofed with boards. Thefe people have occafional houfes in the rice fields, at the leafon when they are in- feded with the birds and monkeys. They diflcr ool/ from their town houfes, by being raifed ten feet indead of four from the ground. The inhabitants of this ifland arc of a good difpo- fition; and dealt with us very honedly; only like other Indians, and the retailers of fifli in London, they would aflc twice, and fomctimes thrice as much for their com- noodities as they would take. As what they brought to market belonged in difl^erent proportions, to a con- fiderable number of the natives, they put all that was bought of one kind, as cocoas or plantains together, and when we ha^ purcha£:d a lpt,they divided the mo- ney that was paid for it among the proprietors, in a proportion correfponding with their contributions. Sometimes, indeed, they would change our money, giving us 340 doits, amounting to five millings, for a Spanifli dollar, and ninety-fix, amounting to two fliil. Iiiu», for a Bengal rupee. The natives of Prince's Ifland have a language of their own, yet they all fpeak the Malay language. Their own tongue they call Catta Gunung, the language of the mountains. 'They lay that their tribe originally migrated from the mountains of Java to New Bay, and then to their prefcnt ftation, being driven from their firft fettlement by tygers, which they found too nume- rous to fubdue. Several languages are Ipokm by the native Javanefe, in didia'ent parts of their Ifland ; but the language of thefe pco|Ne is diflferent from that fpoken at Samarang, though didant only one day's journey fron^ the refidence of the Emperor of Java. The following lid conuins feveral correfponding. words ifi the languages of Prince's Ifland, Java, and Ma- lj)(;ca. ' MiMiAY. Qran Lacki Liki. Ruraropuan. Anack. Cajpalla. Edung. Mata. Cuping. Chigi. Prot. Pantat. Paha. Lontour. Kauki. Cucu. Tangan. Jaring. h •. . . In COOK'S FiRST VOYAGE— for making Di/tevtriei in the South Seas 6c Round 'the H^orA/. ^'i In thi« fpecimen the (fifferent pam of the body are chofen, becaufe they are eafily obtained fifom thofe whofc lanauaBe i* unknownj *nd it i» worthy of obfervation, that the Malay, the Jatanefe, and the language in SoOTH-SlA. Man - Maa - Einu Matte • Outou Euwa - Owhe Eu - . Mannu - Eyca Tapao - Tooura - Eufwhe - Eunnou - Enammou Hcaru - Taro - Uta - - Utan - - But the fimilitude in thefc languages is more remark- able in words cxprefling number, which fcems to prove that ihey have one common' root. Mr. Banks, with the afTiftance of a negro fla ve, born at Madagafcar, and who was on board an Englifh (hip at Batavia,drew up the following comparative table, from whence it will appear, that the names of numbers, in particular, Pdnce's Idand, have words, which ifnotexadtly (Inhilar CO thofe ufed in the South Sea Iflands, are manifefily derived from the fame fource, as will appear from the following lift. Malay. Javanese Mata - . Moto - Macan - . Mangan > Menum - - Gnumbe - Matte - - Matte - Coutou - Udian • - Udan - Soufou Soufou - - Manny - - Iwa lean - - Tai*an - Udang - - Urang - Ubi - - Urve - Tannam - Tandour • Gnammuck Garru • Gam . Tallas - - Talus - Prince's Island. Mata - Awe - ' Mannuck Soi7th.Sea Islands. Malay. 'i'ahie • ilua - Torou • Haa Keina < Wheney lletu - Warn Iva Ahoura Satou Dua - Tiga Ampat - Lima - Annam Tudju - Delapau Sembilan Sapoulou Javanese. Sigi - Lorou " . Tullu - Pappat • - Limo - Nunnam . Petu ^ Wolo • • Songo - Sapoulou In From the fimilitude between the Eaftern Tongue and that of the South Sea, many conjc(fhjres may be fornned concerning the peopling of thofe countries, which cannot eafily be referred to Madagafcar. The people of Java and Madagafcar appear to be a different race: the Javanefe has long hair, and his complexion is of an olive cad; whereas a native of Madagafcar is black, and his hair woolly ; yet this will not conclude againft the opinionof their having had commonanceftors : and, poifibly, the learning of ancient Egypt might run in two courfes, one through Africa, and the other chroueh Afia, diffcminating the fame words in each, efpecially terms of number, which might thus become part of the language of people who never had any communications with each other. In the month of February we held on our courfe, and made the beft of our way for the Cape of Good Hope i but now the fiital feeds of difeafe, our people had imbibed at Batavia, began to appear, with the mod alarming fymptoms, in dyfcntencs and flow fevers. Our fituation in a (hort time was truly deplorable, and the (hip was little better than an hofpital, in which thofe wno did duty, were too few to attend tholi who were confined to their hammocks. Many of thefe Were in the laft ftage of the de(tru * Six. Tudju - Titou - -k Stvea. Delapan Walon Eigbti Salapan - Sivi ^ ' Nine. Sapoulou - Tourou - Ten. the feven that we had buried at Batavia; Such was the havock difeafe made among our (hip's company^ though we omitted no means, which we conceived might be a remedy; and to prevent the infedion from fpre^ding, we purified the water taken in at Prince's Ifland with lime, and wadicd all parts of the bark between decks with vinegar. Friday the 1 5th of March, about ten o'clock P. M. we brought the (hip to an anchor off the Cape of Good Hope. Capt. Cook repaired iinmediately to the governor, who chearfully promifcd him every refrefh- ment the country afforded; on which a houfe was hired for the fick, and it was agreed they (hould be lodged and boarded for two (hillings each man per day. Our run from Java Head to the Cape afforded few obfervations that can be of ufe to future navigators, but fome occurrences we mufl not pafs over in nlence. We had left Java Head eleven days before we got the general S. E. trade.wind, during which time, we did not advance above 5 deg. to the fouchM-ard, and 3 deg. to the W. having an unwholcfome air, occafioned probably by the load of vapours, which the ea(icrn wmd, and we(Verly monfbons, bring into thefe latitudes, both of which blew in thefe feas, at the time we happened to be there. Our difeafcs were certainly aggravated by thofe poifbnous vapours, and unwholefome air, particularly the itux, which was nut in the Icaft degree checked by ahv medicine { fo that whoever was feifed with it, con- fidered himfelf as a dead man 1 but we no fooner got htto the trade wind, than we felt its falutary eAcdts. It is true, we buried feveral of our crew afterwards, but they were fuch aS had been takan on board in a (tate fo low ahd feeble that there was fcarcely a poiFibility of thefai recovery. Wc fufpcdt^d at fir(t, that this dreadful diforder (ihi|(ht htcion we feund lobi groundlefs •, bccaufe afl the n\tp» that raiiic from i3ata- via at the faine feafon, fuHercd in lik^ manner, ami fome even more fcvercly, though none of them touchec at Princess Idand in their way,.- ,. \ - . Not manjr days after o^r acparture (rmn Java wc were attended h^ thq boobies for fcveral nights fuc- cefljvcjy, and as tlicfc birds arc ki)own to ropd every night. on (horc, we concluijj-d l.icui was notfar diOant; perhaps it might be the illand of Selam. which in different charts, is very diticrently Inid down both in naihe and fituacinn. After thefe birds had left us, we were vifitedby'no more, till we got nearly. a-breait of Madagafcar, where in latitude 37 dcg. three quar- ters S. \vc law a'n albatrofs, the nunibcr of which in- crcaPc'd every day, with others ofdiffcrcnt kinds, par- ticularly one about the fi/.c of a duck, of a very dark brown colour, with a yellowilh bill; and they be- came more numerous as we approached the (horc. When we got iptp foundings, we were vilitcd by gan- ncts, which we .continued to fee as lotjg as we. were upon the bank .that flrctches otV Anguillas to the dif- tanceof forty leagues, and extends along (horc to the faft\vard,,from Cape la I fc, according to fome charts, one hundred and fixty leagues. The real extent of this batik is not cxii£lly. known-, it is however ufefulafiadi- reVlioh to Hiippin^ when to haul in. in ojrdcrto make thclarW. ' At the time the Endeavour lay at the Cape of Good Mo^e. the Houghton Indiamcn failed for England. S!it had buried near forty of her crew, and when (he 1l'I\ the Cape, had many of her hands ina hclplefs con- dition, qccafion<;d by tijc (curvjr. Ochcr (hips lik«ttife cxperieticcd a pra|^riionnblcjofs by licknei's; fo ttitit our fufFcrings were comparatively light, CQnddcring that wc had been abfcnt near three times as long. Wc con- tinued at the cape till the 1 jth of April, in order to recioycr.the fick, procure (lores, and to doifomc nccef- fary work upon the tbip and .rigging. . Whtn this mat finilhed we got all the' fick onboard, feveral o( wIkMii wefe Hill in d «Ui) of dou- bling it, in their voyagA to. the Eaft-lndies. Bur John ; kinguf Portugal, notiikiag thejiann: •Which bis ad- miral had b.'ftowedujfcn this largcpromor.tory, changed it t« that iif Cabodc Bona Efperanca,^ tixt " Cape u( Good Hop;," whtchappcUatiua.it haih.cNjcr fincc rc- I tained. , _ , ; Neither Diaz.norhis fucccfror\'arcoi({a'r ble. Ihey determined to be revenged; but not having magnanimity enough to flicw a becoming reftntincnt, they contrive- a mort inhuman and cowardly expedi- ent. Atou: .wo years after, touching at the cape, they landed with all the appearance of amity, a(;cpm» ; ipanied w; th (Irong profefTjons of fricndfliip, and under ^his mafl. brought with [hem a large cannon loaded ' withgraj:e (liot. The unfufoc^ling natives, overjoyed .by the gtlt of fo great a treafure, began to drag it away . by the nii;ans of two long ropes, which had been prc- vioufly fadcned to the muzzle, pri^at numbers laid fiold of tf ic ropes, and many other: went before by way of triumph, when the treacherous Portugucfe lirinc p(T the cannon, a prodjgious (laughter enfucd, as m^U of the pec pie flood withtn the range of the (hot. IV^any were killc], fcveral wounded.; and the tew who cfcaped, fibandoncd with the utmoll precipitation the fatal pre-*,.^ fcnt. . :' -.ivi About the year 1600, the Dutch began to toufih fH . the Cape, in their way to and from the Eall-Indics|' and beconingannually more fenfiblc of the importance of the pla:c, they cfTeAcd a fettlcaicnt in 16^0, whicK ifince that time hath rifcn to great pow er and opulcn<;e, and been of elTential fervicc to that nation. • M. \'ai\ Ricbeeck, a furgeon, in his return from .India. abfenM,., ing the co iveniency of the place for a fcttlemcpt, aod-i laying before the Dutch Eafl India Company a plan qf . |ts advantages, the fchcmc was approvcu, and tliejHVr jcdor appointed governor. This Adventurer ii^ilH^g with four Ihips to the cape, entered into a negotiation with the people, who, in confideiation of fifty, iihciu- fand guilders, or four thoufand three hundred j^nd fq^t^ > venty-fivc pounds fterling, agreed to yield up to tt«t ' Dutch accnfiderable trad of country round (he Clape* Van Ricbe<:ck, in order to fecure his newpurchafo, im- mediately credled aft rong fquare fort; laid nut a, large garden, and planted i( with a great variety of the pro> ou Oipe. fhoiulu have an Jplicr^ince of H^ty aqrciof Ifmrf^ * droVlded ttat tl^Jilii thiiflj»ce;h».- W(wld|^ » hb ilhiei^t'tb^Hirti^^WW^^ «a«»,iwfl[ huTifelft.^ ^ aii^cdiittibllte^til^thiiig^ ww^s't'hc maintenjinc^^of * the J. ■ COOK'S I" IRST VOYAGE— for making Difcovtrks in the Somtb Seas & Round the H^or/d. 93 a tou|:h dt . iUlHUieS) mportancq ^o, whkli opulence, M. Vai> la, dbfer^r ntcnt, and a plaii of U tlJC.JWOr ircr fi^ilu^ icgociatiuiv fifty, lht>U- cd i^nd ro- up to thft • (he CapCi rchafe, im- nut a, large of the pro- :r the (iiaix iaving tUuS: Copipaoy. cll,-vbl(tl» U« : cut. af, ,ih^j AWihiiiiVclv ntcpjincv.ot' the the ^arrifon ; anJ at the expiration of the time, he miplit either keep iTolFeflion of it, or fell if, and re- turn home. Induced by thefe projiofals, many went to feck their fortunes at the Cape, and were furniflwd imcredit with cattle, grain, plants, utenfils, ScC. The planters, however, at hPffii grew weary of their ha- bitations for want of conjugat focictys therefore the povernors of the company, to prevent their leaving the place, provided them with wives from the Orphan- houCes, and other charitable foundations. In proccfs of time they greatly increafed, and fpread themfeivcs farther up the country, and along the coaft, till they occupied all the lands from Saldanna Bay, round the fouthcrn point of Africa, to Noflel Way, on the E. and afterwards purchafcd Terra de Natal, in order to extend their limits l\ill farther. It appears, however, that on the firft fettlement of the Dutch at the Cape, all the Hottentot tribes did not acquicfce in the fnic of the country to foreignersj for the Gunycmains diflTented from the agreement of the others, .ind, in 1659, difputed the poflclTion of the p»uchafed territories with the Dutch. They always made their attack in boiilcrous weather, as thinking the (irc-arms then of Icfs ufe and tff\CKy 1 and upon thefe occafions they Vould n^urder indifcriminatcly all the Europeans they could meet, burn down their houfcs, and drive away their cattle. At length a Hottentot, called by the Dutch Doman, who had relided feme time at Batavia, and after trds lived at Cape Town, retired to his countrymen, anu pcrfuaded them, that it was the intent of the Europeans to enflave them, and ftirrcd them up to war. Accordingly they took up arms, arid, being headed by Doman, attended by another chief named Garabinga, they committed great depredations. But the Hottentocs themfelves at length growing tired of the war, one hundred of them, belonging to one nation, came unarmed to the Dutch fort, with a prefcnt of thirteen head of fine excellent cattle, in order to fuc for peace. This, it may be imagined, was readily granted by the Dutch, who were heartily ficlt of a con- tell, in which themfelves were fuch great lofcrs, without reaping any advantages from it. Notwithllanding all that has been faid to the con- trary, no country we faw during the voyage, makes a more forlorn appearance, or is in reality a more (lerile defart. The land over the cape, which conftitutes the e:ninfula formed by 1'ablc Day on the N. and Falfc ay oti the S. confirts of high mountains, altogether naked and defolate : the land behind thefe to the E. which may be confidercd as the Ifthmus, is a plain of vail extent, confiding almoft wholly of a light kind of lea fand, which produces nothing but heath, and is utterly incapable of cultivation. All the fpots that will admit of improvement, which together bear about the fame proportion to the whole as one to one thoufand, are laid out in vineyards, orchards, and kitchen grounds; and molt of thefe little fpots lie at a confiderable diftance from each other. There is alfo the greatell reafon to believe, that in the interior parts of the country, that which is capable of cultivation, cf- pecially what is fituated at no great didance from Uic toad, does not bear a greater proportion to that which is barren ; for the Dutch told us, that they had fcttle- ments eight and twenty days up the country, a diftancc equal at lead to nine hundred miles, from which they bring provifions to the Cape by land ; fo that it feems rcafonable to conclude, that provifions are not to be had within a Icfs compafs. Wnile we were at the Cape, a farmer came thither from the country, at the dif- tancc of fifteen days journejr, and brought his children with him. We were furprifed at this, and alkcd him, if it would not have been better to have left them with hit next neighbour. Neighbour! faid the man, I have no neighbour within lefs than live days journey of me. Surely the country muft be deplorably barren in which thofe who fettle only to raifc provifions for a market, are dif()erfrd at fuch diflanccs from each other. 1 hat the country is eve^ where deflitutc of wood is a ccmin fa& ; for timber and planka are imported from Batavia, and fuel js atmoft as de«r as food. We faw not • tree, No. II. except in plantations near the town, that was fix foot high I and the Item*, that were not thicker than a man's thumb, and roou as thick as an arm or leg, fuch is the influence of the winds here to the diliidvantagc nf vcgc- ution, without conlidering the flerility of the foil. Cape Town is the only one the Dutch have built htre, and It cunliffs of about a thoufand houfes ncat4y built of brick, whitcd in general on (he ouifiiie. They are covered only with thatch, for the violence of the S. E. winds would render any other roof inconvenient and dangerous. I'he Hreeis are broad and coiumodious, crofling each other at right angles. In the main oncii a canal, on each lidc of which is planted a row of oaks, that have grown tolerable well, and yield an agreeable (hade. In another prt of the tou n is alfo a canal, but the llope of the ground in the couric of both is fo great, that they arc furniihed with lucks at intervals of little more than fifty yards. The houfcs in general have plcafant gardens behind, and neat court yards before them. Building, as well as till.i^e, is greatly encou- raged here, and land given for either purpofc to thofe who chufe to accept of it t but then the government claims an annual tenth of the value of the former, and produce of the latter, and a tithe of all purchafc money when cftatcs arc fold. The town extends from the fea Oiore to the Company's garden, fprcading along Table Bay. 1 he fort is in a valley at a fmall diftance, its form pentagonal, it commands the landing-place, and is garrifoned by two hundred foldiers. ITie gover- nor'* llorchoufcs are within it, other officers bcfides himfelf have itpartmenis here, as well as fix hundred fcrvants: the fame numlxr of flavcs are lodged in a commodious building in the town, which is divided into two wards, the one for the men, the other for the women 1 and there is a houfc of correction for the re- ception of diflblute perfons of cither fex. The hof- Sital for fick fcamen is of clTcntial ufe to the Dutch ects in going to or returning from India. The church U a large edi6ce, elegantly plains but the roof and uceple are thatched, for the reafon already mentioned. Thatchiiffi indeed, from the nature of the hurricanes, feems abfolutely neceflaryi but from the method in which it was formerly done, it appears that it was fre- Siently attended with danger, and we were informed, ere ufed to be (helving pent houfcs creded on both fides the rtreets, to (lielter palfcngers in rainy weathers but thefe brought the inhabitants under fuch dangers and inconvcniencies, that hey were all pulled down by order of government. lilors and Hottentots were continually afTcmblip- -nd fmoaking their piprs under them, and fometimLa, through carclcfsncfs fet them on fire. I'hc government laid hold of that occafion to rid the fireets of thofe feltows that were continually pcfter- ing them, by publifliing an order, which is Itill in force, and from time to time republilhed, that no Hot- tentot, or common failor, fliali fnwke in the ftreet, and that upon prefuming fo to do they (hould be tied to the whipping port and be feverely lafhed. This has kept the fireets clear of all who have no bufinefs there 1 for it is with great difficulty that either the fcamen or Hottentots can forbear fmoaking while they are awake, ifthey have tobacco, which they are fcldom without. What is moll to be admired at the Cape is the Com- pany's ^rden, where they have introduced almoft all the fruits and flowers that are found in the othcr.thrce auarters of the globe t inoft of which are improved, and ouriih more than they did in their refpedlivc climates and countries from whence they were brought t and the garden is watered with fprings that fall down from Ta- ble Mountain juft above them. Apples and pears are planted here, with the grapes of Afia, as well as thofe of Europe, all of a delicious flavour. Here are alfo excellent lemons, oranges, citrons, figs, Japan apples, and a great variety of other fruits. In thisplacc a much Sreater proportion of the inhabiunts arc Dutch than in Mavia: and as the town isfupportcd pripcipally by cnteruining Arangers, and fupplying them with necef« faries, every nmn to a certain dc^«c, imiutcs the man- ners and cufloms of the nations with which he is chiefly concerned. The ladies, howrwr, arc f9 fiiithiiil to the a A mode J ..'1. J II 11 iiOSi 94 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPtETE. }'■ t ■ ■ i M I1 1 . mode of their country, that not dnc of thcin will (lir without a chaudpied, or chaufTct, which is carried by a fcrvant that it may be ready to place under her feci, whenever flic lit* down : though few of thcfc chaulTcti have tire in thcin, which indeed the clitnate icndcra unneceirary. Nntwithf^anding the natural tlerility of the climatr, induitry has fupplicd this place with all the ncceflk. rics, and evcti luxuries of life in the greeted pmfulion. I'hc beef and mutton are excellent, though the oxen and (heep arc natives of the country : the cattle are Ughtcr than ours, more neatly made, and have horns that fpread to a much wider extent. The (heep are clothed with a fubnance between wool and hair, and have tails of an enormous fize: we faw Tome that weighed twelve pounds, and we heard there were many lutich larger. Gi)od butter is nude from the milk of cows, but the checfe is very much inferior to our own. Here are hogs and a variety of poultry i alfo goats, but thcfe lad arc never eaten. Hares are to be found ex. ai^ly like iholc in Europe; likcwifo many kinds of an. tclopest quails of two forts, and buOards all well fla. vourcd but not juicy. The fields produce European wheat and barley « the gardens European vegetables i fruit of all kindsi bcttaes plantains, guavas, jambu, and other Indian fruits, but thcfe are not in pcrlcdiun t the plantaiits, in particular, are very bad, and the guavas no larger tnan goofeberrics. The vineyards Nifo produce wines of various forts, but nut equal to thofc of Europe, except the CUinOantia, which is nude genuine only at one vineyard, about ten miles diRant from the town. There is another vineyard near it, where wine is made, and called by the fame name, but >t is greatly inferior. \\^th refpcd to the animals of this country, the wild dirt'er in nocning from thofe found in other parts. There are great numbers of domellic animals in the various colonics and rettiements at the Capo, and the woods and mountains abound with wild beads. The horfes, which were brought originally from Perfia, are of a bay or chcfnut colour, and rather fmall. The dogs have a very unfightly appearance, and arc of little ulc. Among the wild bcatU, the elephant claims the firft place. The rin not attack a man witnout being provoked, or unlefs lie is dreflcd in fcartet. When he has killed any crca> turt,. he licks the Hefh from the bones with his rough tongue, which is like a rafp. He feeds much on herbs, thililcs, and a plant rcfcmbling juniper, and which, trum its fonJncfs of it, is called rhinoceros-buih. The blood, Ikin, and horn of this aninul, arc medicinally ufed, and faid to be very efficacious in many difordcrs. Wine, poured into cups nude of the horn, bubbles up In a firaiige kind of fermentation, appearing as if boil- ing. Should a fmall portion of potfon be put into the wine, the cup fplits ; but if poifon only is poured into the Clip, K Rics into a thouiand pieces; hence cupi nuuie of this horn are deemed excellent fafeguards, and, on that account,, uidejiendent of their^falwrious qua. litics,. are lu|;hly valued. At the Cape, wolves are of two kmds; the one refemhles a (beep dog, and is fpotted lily^ a tyger j tbc cvher. is like an European woif: they both jprowl aiiout, and do great mifchief in the night-time, out lie concealed in the day. Lion*, tygcrs, kopards, &c. alio, abound bore, and arc, f* CTOublcComc, th.it the perfon who kills one of °^ith6r fm, if reward A with twenty-five florins, or fifty tfiB^ lings. The R (It of the liAn is efteeitted ca\M to veikt^ fon, and the li . is much valued. Hen are mudi taigrr bufTaloct than in Europe. They are of ■ brown ro> lour: the horns are (hort, and curve towards the neck, where they incline to each other. Between them is a tuft of hair upon the forehead, which adds to the (Wrce- nefs of the look. The (kin is exceeding hard, and the flc(h rather tough. He is a ftrong (icrce creature, and is enraged at any thing red, like msny other animah. We faw here elks »ive (cet high, with horns a foot long. This is a very handfome creature, having a hcautihil head and neck, (lender legs, and foft fmooth hair of nn afl) colour. Their upper jaw is larger than the undn. the tail about a foot in length, and the flefli by the f'jipe epicures is faid to exceed the beft beef. They run fwilt, and climb the rocks with great agility, though they ufiially weigh about four hundred pounds each. Another lingular animal is that called (fink-box, from its otlcnfivc fmell both living and dead ; it is about the (iie of a common hoiifc dojr, and made much Ifk^ * ferret. The goats are of various fpecies. One, rallit* the blue goat, is of a line azure fdour. The fpctriil goat is larger, and beautifully marked with broMn, white, and red fpots. The horns ire a foot long. The flc(h line eating. The rock-goat is no lai^er than a kid, but very mifchievous in the plantations. The dt« ving-goat is much like the tame one, and receives its name from its method of fquatting down in the gr.ils to hide itfclf. We faw another animal called a >nwr, without any additional appellation, it iiof the (ir.cofa hart, and extremely bcautilul. The hair of the (idea and back is grey, (trrakcd with red. and that on the belly white. A white llreak pafTes from his tbrrliead to the ridge of his tail, and three others furround his body in circles. The female hath no horns ; but thofe of the male are three feet in length, and the flefh fs ex- ceedingly delicate. The horns of the h.irt do mtt branch like thofc of Europe; Kit the roebuck is in every refpci.'f like ours. Wild cats are of fcvcrnl fortsw The firif the Dutch call the civit cat, not that it is really the animal of that name, but becaufe of the fine fccnt of the (kin. The next is called the tyger- cat, from its being very large, and fpotted like a tygcr. The third fort is the mountain cat, which, as well an the tame cat refemMes thofe of Europe, The fourth fpecies i« denominated the blue cat, from its colour, having a fine blue tinge, with a beautiful red lift down its back. There is a fpecies of mice peculiar to this country, called the ranle-moufe, which is about the Hze of a fquirrel, and makes a rattling noifc with its tail. It is vety nimble, lives upon nuts and acorns, and purf like a cat. Among the hogs with which this country abounds, is the wikihog, or rather wild boar, which is very fierce, and harbours in woods; and the earth hog, which is of a red colour, and without teeth: this lodges like a badger in holes, and feeds upon ants; thcfe he procures by forcing his long rough tongue into their nills, from whence ne draws it with a great number glued thereto. Many jackalls, fome er. mines, baboons, monkeys, &c. are found about the Cape; and frequently do great mifbhief in the gardens, orchards, and vineyards. The porcupine is very com- mon, nnd ',ts flcfb cltecmcd delicious. There are two fons of wild afTes in this country, one of which is a beautiful creature, called the zebra, and bears a greater affinity in make and (hape to the horfe than the afs. Indeed the cars ere fomewhat like thofc of the Litter animal, but in a!' othtr rcfpedfs it has a mUCh more nobk appearance. It is admirably well made, exceed- ing lively, and (o extremely fwift, that it throws aU moft every purfuer at a diftance. Its legs are fine; it has a twifted tail, round ficfliy haunches, and a fmooth (kin. The females are white and black, and the males white and brown. Thefe colours are placed alternately in the mod beautiful ftripei, and are parallel, didinf^, and nanrow. The whole animal is dreaked in'this ad- nitabic tpanner, Co u to appear to a diftant beholder as «f covered irith riblKiMi. Mod naturaliftt affinti, that the zebra never can be tamed. That which Wai ptv- fentcd COOK'S FIRST VOYAGE— for making Diftevirm in the SoutTj ^"/ITrouiia the jy'orlJ. 95 Itnicd 10 her prcfeiu nuicftjr queen Charlotte, and kept fincral yean at the ftablei near Buckingham.gatc, con- tinued vicioui till its death, though it wai brnuglu over young, and every poflible meant urcd to render it trac- table : it fed upon hay, and the noire it made rather fefcmblcd the barking of a maftifTdog, than the bray- ing of an af». The camelopardalis, we were infornried, hai been found in the cmintries round the Cape. Cap- tain Carteret having, by order of hi« prefcnt majefty, Rerfurnicd a voyage round the world in the Swallow i»p of war, mention* ihii animal in a letter to the late Ur. Matty, fccretary to the Royal Society. " From the fcarcity of thi» creature (fays he) as I believe noni- have been found in Europe, lincc Julius Ctcfsr's time (when i think there were two of them at Rome) I ima- gine a ntore certain knowledge of itn reality will not be difagrecable tu you, as the exiOence of this fine animal hai been doubted by many. The prefent governor of the Cape of Good Hope has fcnt out partiex of men on inland difcoveries, fomc of which have been abfent from eighteen months to two years, in which traverfe they have dircovcrcd many curiofltiei. One of thefe partiea crolfcd many mountains and plains, in one of which they found two of thofc creatures, but they only caught the young one. This they endeavoured to bring alive to Cape Town, but unfortunately it died. They took oflf his (kin, and it has, a^ o confirmation of this rruth, been fent to Holland." The (kin here alluded to is now in the cabinet of natural hiftory at L«yden. Linnaeus ranks this animal among the deer kind. Its head is like that uf a ftag ; the horns are blunt, about tix inches long, covered with hair, but not branched. The neck rcfetnbles a camel's, only longer, being near feven feet. It has a mane like that of a horfe ; feet, ears, and a tongue like thofc of a cow t (lender legs, the fore ones being conGderabty longer than the hinder; the body is but Tmall, covered wjth white hair, and fjiotted with red ; the tail is long, and bufhy at the end; the upper jaw contains no fore teeth 5 he moves both the fore feet together when he runs, and not one after the other like other aninnals: he is eighteen feet long tVom the tail to the top of the head, and is fixteen feet from the ground when he hold* up his head. A great variety of birdi and fowls are found at the Cape, both wild and tame. Here are three forts of eagles, namely, i. The bone breaker, who feeds on tortoi(nf to obtain the flelli of which it ufes this lin- gular method. Having carried the tortoife aloft in the air, it drops it upon fome hard rock, by which means the (hell is broken, and the eagle can ea(ily come at its prey. 2. The dung-cnglc, which tears out the entrails «f animals to fubliU on, and, though no bigger than a CMPnton goofe, ii exceeding (Irong and voracious. 3. The duck-eagle, lb called becaule it feeds princi- pally on ducks. Here are alfo wild geefc of three forts. I. The water goofe, which refembles ours. a. The mountain gooTe, which is the Urged of all, having a green head, wd groco wings. 3. The crop goofe, fo aamcdfrom iu remaitable large craw, of which bags, packets, aiKi tobacco.pouchcs are made. All thne kinds of geefie we fuch good eating> fo plentiful, and lb cafily taken, that the people of the Cape do not tltiok the tame goofe worth the trouble of^ breeding. Hut «f alt chc numetous .birds that are to be found here, flw 'flamingo is one of the moft Angular. It has a long mck, and is laiger than a fwan: the legs are remark- ably long, and of an orange tawny, aitd the feet are like thoKofagoelc: the bill contains bkieteech with black paints I the head and neck are cntirdjr whites ttte upper part of the wings are of a bright fume co- lour, and the lower black. ■ Reptiles are very numerous at the Capie, patticulatl v the foUowioff ferpoms^ i. The tree ferpem, ib cdlea from MfttaUing the branch of a wee^ and frvAn Mng fondoCvwinding itlelf about ttcct. 3. The afli co- touted afp, fpeocled widi wiiite and. red, whidi is 6, I veral yards l«». 3. The Aopt fei^ieii^ fo named from | the amazing velocity with whith 11; ds^ itfidf at an i «Mny«.Soniexalljttfae^.li^^«n«iM^^ I •vwhitc (pots f^n^lgii)! ij^^, Wstti which m U (kin is marked. 4> The blind How worm, a black fcaly fcrpent, fportcd with brown, white, and red. <. The thirll ferpcnt, or inflatner, a moft veiiomom and dangerous fcrpent, ab«Hit three quartcis of a yard long! it has a broad neck, black bark, anil is virv aftive. 6. The hair ferpent, which is about three fei t in length, as thick as a man's thumb, and received iri name from its yellow h.iir. Its jwifon 11 fo malignant, that nothing but the feri'mt f^one can present its ocing mortal. Tnis (lone \» faid to be an artificial compo- (Ition, prepared by the Bmmins in India, who keep the fecret to themfelvcs. It is (liaped like a bean, in the middle whitiih, the reft of a fky-blue. Whenever this it applied, it (licks clnfe without bandage or fup- port, and imbibes the poifon till it can receive no more, and then drops off. Being laid in milk, it purges itfelf of the venom, turning the milk yellow, and 10 is ap plied again, till bv its not (ticking, it proves that the poifon is exhaufteJ. The neighbouring fca affords a plentiful fupply of ft(h to the mhabitants of the Cape. The meat of the fea cows is much admired. The flying (ifli, which has wings like a bat, is reckoned a great delicacy. The brown fi(h is as big as an ox, and is deemed good food either frefh or falted. The bennct is near three feet long, and weighs about feven pounds : the eyes and tails arc red ; the fins yellow, and the fcalcs purple, with gold ftreaks. The mear is of a crimfon colour, and fo remains after it is drclTed j nevcrthclefs it is dc« licious eating. The gold fifh has a (treak from head to tail, circles round his eyes of a gold colour, it is ci;jh- teen inches long, weighs about a pound, and its flelh^of an exquifire talfc. TTic breffem is found only about the Cape. Of this fifh there are two forts ; the one has a black back, and purple head ; the other is of a dark blue colour, and the former is rounder than the latter. They arc both cheap and wholcfome food. The flbnc bralfcm is good cither (rc(li or f;dtcd, refembles a carp in make, but is more delicious in tafte. One fpecies of this fifh is called (!.« nofe, from the lliapc of the head, and is much more valued than the other forr. The red (tone fi(h is exceeding beautiful to the eye, andcxqui- fite to the tafte : the back is fcarlct fpotted with blue, and bcfpangled with gold ; the eyes arc of a bright rcd| and furrounded with a lilver circle, and the belly is of a pale pink colour, has a (hining (liver tail, relemblei a carp both in (hapc and tafte, and weighs about a pound. Offhell-fifh, which are innumerable, there is a Angular fpecies called Klin-koufen, which has an up- per and under (hell, thick, rough, twifted, and incrufted. In vinegar the cruft will drop off, and the ftiell exhi- bits an admirable pearl colour. Sea-funs and fea-ftars are fmall round ihell-fifh, and receive their denomina- tions from the great variety ofpricklcs, which (hoot from them like rays of light, llie fi(h called paggcr has a prickly (hell, and is much dreaded by the people of the Cape, as a wound from one of its protuberances turns to a mortification, unlefs great care is taken to Srevent it. The fea-fpout refembles a piece of mofs icking faft to the rocks. It is of a green colour emits water, and within is like a tough piece of fle(ii| The torpedo, or cramp-ray is a vcrv curious fifli. The body IS circular, the (kin foft, ifmooth and yellow marked with large annular fpots; the eyes fmall, and* the tail tapering. It is of different fizcs, and weighs from five to fifteen pounds. The narcotic or benumbing quality of this fifh was known to the ancients, and harh fumifhed matter of fpeculation to the philofophers of all ages. If a perfon touches it when alive, it inftantly deprives him of the ufc of his arni, and has the fame ef!e« if he touches it with a ftick. Even if one treads upon it with a fhoe on, it a^tcas not only the leg but the thigh upwards. They who touch it with the feet are feiicd withaftronger palpitation, than even thofc Who touch it with the hand : this numbnefs bears no reTemblance to that which we feel when a nerve is a long trnie prefled, and the foot is faid to be afleep : it fttfier appean to be like a fudden vapour, which pafTing Quough the pores m an inftant, penetrates to the very ^pfiligS of life, from whence it diffufcs itfelf all over the 3 bod/ .1:' 't ' l^''^- ¥: 'ill 96 Capt. COOK'a VOYAGES COM PL ET E. f 1 :: hoAy, and gives real pain. The nrrvei are lb afTctfletl, that the perfon ftruck inw^inct all the bones ot his body, ana particularly thofc ol the limb that received the blnw, nrc driven nut of joint. All thii i« accom> panied with an univcrfal trenwr, a flduicri of the fto- mach, a general cunvullion, ami a total fiifpcnnon of the f^cultici ol the mind. In lliort, ItKh is the |)ain, that ail the furco of our proniifis and luithority could not prevail up<»n a fcanian to undcri^o the Ihock » (<:■ conJ time. It has bicn «)blerveil, that the powers of this fifli decline with ita llronuth, nnd entirely rcafes t»hcn it expire*. Thu bemimbinn luiilty is of douWt ufc to IcvuhI iron mines. The Namai)ua HnttcntotH, who arc lituated above thrt'C hundred miles from the tajK, bring copper to trad: with ihc Dutch. When we fpeak of agriculture, it is to be obfervetl, that the luiropcans of the Cape, and their ktmU, arc implied ; for the Hottentou in general detell the \ cry idea of cultivation, and woiiM fnonrr ftarvc than iiU the ground, fo greatly arc they addided to lloth and in- dolence. The working ol the pbugh here is lu lab Thccoinnxm method in. which ftrangcrs live here, i» to lodge and board with (bmc ofthc iithabitants, many of whofe houfes arc always open fior their rccepitpn ; the rates are from five (hillings to two a day, for which all necefliiries arc found. Coaches may be hired itt twcniy-ibur (hilling* a day, and horles at (Ix ; but.Lbe country altbrds \4ty little temptation to ufc thfpi. There are no public cnteruinments, and to thofe t^t arc private, all nraogersof the rank of gcntkmea'«K always admitted. .;u. Wc come now to fpeak of the CaiTres or natives ff this country, none of whofie habitaiioos, where they cc- tain their original cuftoms, arc within lefs than four days journey horn Cape Town; thofe that wc faw at the Cape were all fervants to Dutch farmers, whofe canlc they take cate of, and are emplc^yed in other drudgery of thc.iwane^.|(ind. There are lixteen Hottentot nations, which inhabit this fouthern proinontiiry ; ar leaft, there are fo many :.iat holda cocrclfxindcncew^^ the Dutch, though it is prefumcd, there arc nuny niore to the northword. I'he ftature of the Hottentot men It from five to ftK feet in height, their bodies aic praportimiabb, and 4 well cook's first VOYAGB— for making Dijcvivriit in tht Soutb Seas fie Hound the // "«/•/,/. •portion (9 :avia v ai)4 arc very bloom, of and high arid, both there is childrcnf here, a ■ny roorc five to f« lb. amt wen well nuwle : they are rddom either too fat or lean, and fcarcc ever any crooked or dcrormcd perfoni anionKit thcni, any farther than they diiHgure their children thrtnrrlveiby Hattinuand brcakinu the grinks ol their noJirii, looking on a Hat nofe at a beauty. Their head* ai well ai ihcir cyci, arc rather of the iaroen : their liua are naturally thick : their hair black and Ihort like the prgroen, and they have exceeding white teeth : and after thiy have taken a great deal ol pain* with grcafc and foot to darken their natural tawny coniplcxiom, re> frnible the negroci pretty much in colour. 'Ihc wonten arc much Id's than the men » and what it moft remark- able in them, ii a callous rtap or (kin that falls over the pudrnda, and in a manner conceals it. The rejwrt of whirh ufually excites the curiolity of the European fpilors, to villi the Hottentot villages near 'Chc cape, wiu'ic a great many of thofe ladies, on feeing a ftranger, will ortlr to fatisly his curiolity hr a halfpenny, bcfiwe a crowd of |)eople. which pertcdiy fpoiU the character that Mr. Kolbcn has given of their modefty. The head of the men are covered with grcafe and foot mixed together I and going without any thing clfe on their hciidi in the fummer-timr, the dulY flicks to it, and makes them a very filthy cap, which they (ay cools them, and preferves their head* from the fcorching heat of the fun i and in the winter, they wMr Hat cajM of cat*(kin or lamb (kin, half dried, which thiy tie with a thong of the fame leather under their fliins. The wen alio wear a kro(re or mantle, made of (beep Ikins or other (kins, over their fliouldcrs, winch reaches to the middle) and, being faiteni-d with a thong aliout their neck, is open hetbrc. In winter they turn the wouily or hairy lidcs neat their backs, and in fummer the other : this fcrvcs the man for his bed at night ; and this is all the winding ihect orcoflin he has when he dies. If he be ^aprain of a village, or chief of hit nation, inltead of a iheep.lkin, his mantle is madeoftyger- 4kina, wild cat.lkins, or fomc other (kins they (ct a value iinon : but though thcfe mantles reach no lower, ftenerafliy, than their wailts, yet there arc fomc nations who wear them as fctw as their legs, and others that liave them touch the ground. A Hottentot alfo hangs about his neck a greafy pouch, . in which he keeps his knife, his pipe and tobacco, and fame dahka (which intoxicates like tobacco) and a little piece of wood, burnt at both ends, as a charm ' agaiKH witchcraft. He wears alfo three large ivory rit^«R his left arm, to which he faftcni a bag of pro- vifionswhcn he travels. He carries in his right hand two Itickt, the firft called his kirri, which is about throe *. ftet long, and an inch thick, but blunt at both ends ; the other, called his rackum-(lick, about a foot long, and of the fame thickncft, but has a fliarp point, and is ufed as a dast, to throw at an enemy or wild bealV ; which he feldom mifles, if he be within diftance. In his left hand he has another (^ick, about a foot long, to which is fadcned a tail of a fox or wild cat ; ana this ferves him as a handkerchief to wipe off thefweat. 'I'hey wear a kind of fandals, alfo nfade of the raw hide of an ox or elephant, when they arc obliged to . travel through (toney countries t and ibmedmes have btdkins, to pre(i:rvc their legs from bu(hes and briars; but ordinarily their legs and thighs have no covering. The women wear caps, the crowns whereof are a nttic raifed ; and thctc are made of half dried (kins, and tied under their thuis.' They fcarcc ever put them off night . or day, winter or fummer. Theyuruallyweartwokroircs or mantlcii, onctiponanothcr, and, as thefc areon'y fa(Ven> rd with a thong, about their necks; they appear naked down to the middle : but they have an apron, larger than that uf the men to cover them before, and another of (till larger dimenlions that cover their hind parts. About their lej^ they wrap thongs of half dried (kins, to the thickncis of a Jack-boot, which arefuch a load to them, that they lift up their legs with difliculty, and walk very muich like a trooper in jack-boots : this fetves both (or diftiniftion of their fix, and for ornament. But this a not all their, finery s if they arr people of any (^re, inftead of a iheep (kin, they wear a tygar (kin, or n mantle of wild cat (kin. They have alfo a pouch No. II. hanging about their necks, in which thrv carry loinv- thing to eat, whether thev iire at home ur ubrutui, with their dahka, tobacco, and pifir. But the prirtci^ml oruamems both of men and women iirc brnfH or ^lals bcadi, with little thin nlatii ol glirtcniig bral* and mother uf pearl, whii h inry wkax in their hair, ni about theircari. Ofthcfcglafsorliralii lieudH lliunK.thrv alio make nciklacrji, bracekts tor the :iriii\ ami giiijirt, wearing fcvcral llrinusol them about ilioir ni'i!%v, v«;iil(, and arms, chuling me iinulk-it beads tor theit no k\ i thofe arc lined that h.>ve moil llriogs of them, and ihiir arms are (bmetimcs covered with bracelets trum the w rift to the elbow. 1 he largeil beads are on the llnngi about the middle : in thcie they allvct a variety ut colours, all of which the Dutch fuiiulh them with, and take their cattle in return. There i* another kiud of ornament ^leculiar to the men, and that is, the blad- der ol any wild brail they have killed, which is blown up, and laftrned to the hair as a trophy oi their valour. Ik>th (exes powder themfclvci with a dull they call hachii ; and the women (pot their (aces w ith a red earth or Hone (asoursdowith black patches) which is thought to odd to their beauty, by the natives ; but, in the eyes of Kuropeans, render* them more frightlul and (hocking than they are naturally, liut as part ol their drefs, wu otif^ht to have mentioned, in the lirll place, the culloiii of daubing their bodies, and the inlidc of their caps and mantles, with grcafe midfoot. Soon after their children arc born, they lay them in the fun. or by the fire, and rub them over with fat or butter, mixed with foot, to render them of a deeper black, it is faidt for they arc luiurally lawnyi and this they continue to do almull every day of their lives, after they are growi> up, not only tp increafe their beauty, but to ranuk'r t'.icir limbs fuppic and pliable. As fnnie nations pour oil upon their heads and bodies, fo thefe peopi* midic ufe of melted fat ; you cannot make them a more acceptable prefcnt than the fat or fcum of the pot that meat is boiled in, to anoint themfelves. Nor are the Hottentots more cleanly in their diet than in their drcfst for they choofe theguls and entrails of cattle and of foine wild beads (with very little cleanf- ing), rather than the re(\ of the Hc(h, and cat their meat half bniicd or broiled i but their principal food con- fi(h of roots, herbs, fruits or milk : thev (aldoni kill .any of thofe cattle, unlcfs at a fellival i they only feed on fuch at die of themfelves, either of difcafeg or old age, or on what they take in hunting t and when they arc hard put to it, they will cat the raw leather that is wound about the womens legs, and even foles of (hoes ; and as their mantles arc always well (locked with lice of an unufual fize, they arc not albamed to lit down in the public ftrocts at the cape, pull oft the lice, and cat them. And we ought to have remembered, that they boil their nwat in the blood of beafts when they have any of it. Thpy rather devour their meat than eat it, pulling it to pieces with their teeth and hands, difcover- ing a canine appetite and (iercenefs: they abftain, how- ever, from fwines-Hcfti, and fomc other kinds o( meat, and from (ifli that have no fcales, as rcligioully as ever the Jews did. And here it may not be improper to fay fomething of the maiugemrnt uf their milk and butter : they never ftrain their milki but drink it with all the hairs and naftinefs with which it is mixed in the milking by the Hottentot women. When they make butter of it, they put it into fomc (kin made in the form of a foldier's knapfack, the hairy fide inwards > and then tw o of them taking hold of it, one at each end, they whirl and turn it round till it is converted into butter, which they put up for anointing themfelves, their caps and mantle;! with, for they cat no butter ; and the reft they fell to the Dutch, without clearing it from the hairs and dirt it contrafis in the knapfack. The Hollanders, when they have it indeed, endeavour to feparatc the naftinefs trom it, and fell it to the (hipping, that arrives there, frequently for butter of their own making; and fomc thev eat themlelves (but furety none but a Dutch. man could eat Hottentot butter) and the dregs and dirt that is left they give to their (laves; whtchliavln^ been found to create difcafe.ai|h' -s »l»cady mentioned, the Vl»»llan(kri tr«ick for thcU l»^, tici and though a Hottentot will turn fpit for a Dutdl- man half a day for a draught or two of four wirtc, > Jt db«hey ncvtr attempt to plant vineyards (as they Ice thi: Dutch often do) or think of making wine thcmfclves. We fhalt proceed, in the iKxt place, to give anuccount ofiheirtownsandhONfcs,orrather,tlicirct(mpsAndteml. •L4c the Tartars ami Arabs, they rcmofe their dwcl- lings frequently for the conveniency of water and Irctli parnire: they encamp in a circle tomi;d by twenty or thirty tents, and'foineiimes twice the tnnnher, cimtigu- ou« CD each oihcn within »Kv a.-'a whereof they keep thtir Icirer cattle in the ni^ht, and the larger on the ourlidc of their aamp r their tents, or, as Tome call them, houftis, arc made with (lender poles, bent like an arch, and covered \»ith man or Ikins, and fbme- times both : ihcy are of an ovnl figure, the middtt of the tent being «tiout the hei^sht of a man, and dc. cre'afing gradually (the poles being (hortcr) towards each end, the lowell arch, which is the door or en- trance,' being about three feet hinh, as Is tht oppoiite arcSi at the otheir end j the lon^jcft diameter of the tent being about twelve or fourteen feet, aifd th; fliorteft ten I aind in the middle of the tent is a (halldw hole about a yard diameter, in which they make their fire, and round which the whole family, conlilling of nine or ten people of all agca and fexes, lit or lie night and day in fuch a fmoak (when it \» cold, or they are dref. fingof vii-luals) that it is impofllble for an Fluropcan to bear it, there heiiig ufually no vent for the fmoak bur the door, thou^ fomc have feen a hole in the to|^ of fomc of their huts, to let out the fmoak. And give . them light. Such a circle of tents or huts as has been dcfcribcd, is called by the Hottentots a kraal, and fotnc- times by the EurApeons a towii or village; but fee im to be more properly a camp : for a town coniiils of more fubdantial buildings, and is fcldom capable of being-removed from one place to another; whereas thcfe dwellings confln of nothing more than i'mall tent-poles, covered with (kins or mats, which are move- able, and carried a*ay upon their baggage oxen when- ever they rcnwvc with their herds to a diftailt paOure. As to the furniture of their tents; thcy.cbn(irt q( little more than their mantles which they lie on, fome other fkint of wild bealh they have killed or purchafcd, an earthen pot they boil their meat in, their arms, and' perhkps fomc other trivial utcnfils. The only domeftick anitaals they keep, arc dogs, as ugly in their kind as their matters, but exceeding ufcful to them m driving and defending their cattle, ' The Houentou are agreed by all to be the lazieft ge> . neration under the fun : they will rather ftarvci or eat ' dried (kins, or ll^ (blc at home, than hunt for their food ; and" yet, when they apply themWves to the chace, or any other excrcile, no people arc more adtive atiddexteiousihan the Hottentottj and they fervc the Europeans often with the greateft fidelity artd applica- tiorv w»(aii- they contriwitto (erve them for wages: theyMurt atib'exceeding generous «nd hofoitablc^ they will^cavce^eat a picceoNvcnifoni or a dim of flm they have cttcehed,' or drink thcirbclovrd draitu alone', but callW llieii^iteighbounea partake with them as iiu'as it wJlVgo. ". ••' O^Kcming' their governracnt, people agree, that every nation has its king op chief, called konqucr, whofc. autiwrlty devolves upon him by hcrediury fucCeflkm ;! aadjhat they do not - Arctehd to eleSt their rcfpcftive fovrrcigns. That (hi* tinH has the ixiMir nl rfiiktnp (wacc and war, ami pMiiiici In .aU tlien ooni ili Itxi Luurls of jultur: I\mc ilx'ti/hu ftiil vntytiii liM (i> dr limiied i and jImi \\o i,m dr,(i'ri)Dnir nKxhwin «'nlTi>ii( the ciMifeitt llirii' kwhrin tiiuc of war, and chiicfiiluttittruieni hit l*aal it^iKne ofpotv«i and. with ,inr h»4kl«l.v«T *»*••>"•*. 'Urei^ lyiiurs aU civil, ainl iiMUkiml f:iiii|(>««i(hNiraf ' they take in hunting. , •• •.> . ?,•!>/' • . Havii\g no notion oC writing or lettehithe)) cnn h.iii** no written laws ; but there, are fo/nc aHnonrttiMtMia', from which they fcarce ever, doviatcw Nhndct-, .*iW^a| tcry and robbery, they conlhintly punilhrt»irt<>»ru(h / and, if a pcrfon is fufpeifled of any oMilefif crinief,' the whole kraal join in fejxing and lecurifig MHtk^^hiut the guilty perfon IbHictiines makes his cicapc to'tli4> mountains, where robbers and criminals like himM^' fecure themfelves from juflke, and irrquently pluiKkr- the neighbouring counuy > for no other -kraal or niUsait' of Hottentois will entertain a ftranger.'unlefil he; ft known to them, and can give a good reafon fbt lca«ii^' his own kraal. |lf the offender is apprehended, the ca|i»s * uin .atTcmbles the people of bis kraal iir vday ai" tvO'f who, making a ring, and iitting down vport tficft-** hceli, the criminal is placed in the ccntcr-of them ■ ihe witneflcs on both fides are heard, andtlie party fuHeied' to nuke hit defence: afur which, the cafe .being con-.' fidered. the captain coileifh the ftJlfrageiiof the |iulg<-^; and, if a majority condemn him, the prifoner is exc-' cuted on the fpot. The captain iirA if rikcshim wiiha truncheon he carries in his hand, and* then the teil of the judges fall upon him and drub him- to death : then ' wrapping up the corpfe in his kroifc .or mantFe. irii carried tp lome place difhint from thekraal, where tht)r bury it. In civil cafes alfo, the caufe is determined by a majority of voices, and fati«fa6iion immediately or- dered to the injured ^rfon^oui; of the goods of the- perfon .that appears- to be in* the wrong. 1 here i§ tui appeal to any other court : the kin^ and hii> \:ounen. - confifting of tho captains of^the kraals, never intcrpbfc - unlefs in ipatters that concern the publi(-„ ou nihete the ' kraaUare.at variance. To which, we may add, thiit the Hottemot'a cattle and perfonal efhte dcfccnd io his cIdeA fon: he cannot difinherit him, or give liis- ef&^s to hit other children t but, as. for property irt ■ lands. Of any certain real eflate, no man'hds any ; the whole cnintry'is but one common, where they feed their cattle ptnmifcuoufly,4iioving from plactf to place, to find water or frefh paftMte as neoeiTity requires. Even • the fevcrai nations have no Hated boumis: tnit ufe fuch ' tradtOf land a». their anceflors didbefote them ; ;it is true, their rcfpeifliw limits fomctijnc«.ciiate great dif- ' fercKcs C(> )K''t KIRST VOYAGB'H!>>r m^ktDg Difemi/riit in tiic Stutl^fu & round the H or U. t^ Whcit Ihcy nun h into (he iirKi, evrrv man UMnm* hi* ivhuvdIm (Mpcain, ih< ihict of hu kn»\: ttMy nbfcrvr UmIc iniiu-i nrt UiruMin*; up irvnchri lo ilrfend (hinilelve«: •nd what II rtiU ninrr rurprilin^, have no llnclJi ro ilrliciHl ihriuU'lvrj iigainll inillivc wr^poni, ihniiuh Amuc Uf thvy will ward ott' i I >hir <<)> dart, iind even a Ihmc. with • iKtIc irunrheoii iiout a foot long, which Ihey carry in their hand. "I he (c»enil ininp.inirt ad- vaiKc lu ih« chiirife at the ( uinniand of theh' rhicfi ami, when ih(i(e in the fnmt have (hot one flight ol arrowi, they retreat ami iruke loAm for thuf); in the rc»r t ami, when ihey have diichargrd, the former atls. vance again, and ihu» alternately they continue till thcV tuve fpcnt all ihiir millive weii|)ona, and then they have recoorfe to lUinti. unlefa they are »ir(l broken anfl dirpcrled by a troop of hulU i for the wife chicli and a«. ncralint eachlkle. trtordingtothe Kuropeafi prat^ticc, reHiainiiig on an emincticr in the rear, to oliiervf tht* fcwtoneofthc day, when they obftrve their pet^ple arc hard prellcd, give the word of command to thrir rorpli de relctvc of kulli, who break into the body of the eminv, and geiKrally bring all into confufion i an^ thiit Ode that pefcrvct their order beft, on thii furioia attack of theie built ot Balan, arc fure to be viOo- rioua. The (kill of the getieral feema to be chiefly in nMn«ging hii bulla i who never engage each otlier, bui ft>end their whole rtge upon the men, who have. It lecma. no de^a of kinglifh breed to play againO them, or this ItratAgem would be of little fervice : t I'lt wt ihotild have obfcrved, that aa the battle always brgrni with horrid cries and noife, which perhapiAippiret the place of druiiM and trunipetti fo the vidton inluit with no Icii notte over the conquered enemy, kilhiig itil thtt tail into ihfir handi: but they feldom fight more than. one battle, fome neighbouring power ufually * .erroflnK to nuke up the tjuarrel, and of hte the Dutch peia ft>rm this good oflu e, between Cuch nations' as lie near' their fctilrnients. From their wars with each other, wt naturally proceed to their wan with wild beafli, wMl which their country abounds more than any other i the^ Coplc, it feemi, efteero it a much greater honour to vc killed one of thefe fiocr to irunkind, than an die:, my of their own fpcciea. InOancea are not wanting of a Hottentot'* eiMnliw rmgly with the fierceft wild beafis, and kiUing tfwm^ but ufuallv the whole kmal or village aflemble, when * wild heart is Jifcovered in their neighbourhood, and, dividinp thcmfdves in fmati partiei. '.endexvour toflir- round him. Having found their eiiemy, thejr ufually fet up 1. great cry, at which the frighted animal endeau vour* to break through and efcape them : if It prove to be a rhinoceros, an elk, or elephant, they thibw their lance* at htm, darts andVtrniws being too weak tb pleiw through their thick hides: if the bead be not kilted at the HM difcharge, they repeat the attack, and load him )vith their fpear* t and, as he mm with all hi* rage at the perfon* who wound him. thofe in his rear fo|lo# him clofc, and ply him with their fpcars, on Whom he turn* agam. but is overpowered by hi* enemies. wh6 conftamly return to the charge, when his bock it toi. ward* them, and fcarcc ever foil of bringing the citai ture down, before he ha* taken his revenge on any of them. How hazardous focver fuch an engattmeht may appear toan European, thefe people lAakeTt their fport I and have this advamagc, that they are exceed- ing fwift of foot, and fcatce ever mif* the mark they aim at with their fpear* : if one of them i* htard pivllcd br the brute, he is fiue to be relieved by his compai nion*, who never quit the field till thebeaft is ki)M, or nukes hi* efcape: though they fonttetimci deiite^ roudy avoid r*ie advcrfary, thev immediately retrnir to the cbai)ge. iubduing f he fieiceft either by ftraiMem dr force. When attacking a Iton, a leopnd, or a tyicr, their daru and aarowa afe of fervice to thetn; tnd tbcrefoie they begin the engagement at « greater diC, tance, than when they chai^ge an elephant or tfiifio!. ceros s and the creature has a wood of ^artt aiwar- row* upon his back; bcfWt he art apptdachliUeiie- mica, which laake hii»lmand rage and Ity at theft Hiitli Trrcnns between the ftveml nation*, and occaflon Wn irrat of their ■rin«, and the an* and ftratafriu* they ufo m war. lhc*nniof a Hottentot are, i. Hi* Umc, which rtfemblts a half pot long, which they throw exceeding true, ftanc ever milTing the mark they aiiai at, though it i* nut above the breaihh of hall a ciowm thefe alio are poifoned, when they engage an enemy or a wikl beall fh.it i« mit to he eaten: and laflly, when they have fpent the rtf» of their milBve weapon*, they have rc- louric to llunc*, feldom making u difchaige in vain i and. what i« moft remarkable in their (hooting or ifiiowing arrow*, dart*, or ftonet. they never (Und Hill. ilUt arc all the white fkipping and junnpiag from one fldc to the other, pofllWy to avoid the ftom* and darta of the enemy. They ate all foot, and never engage on hoifi'hacki but have difciplined built or oxen taught to run upon the enemy, and to tof* and ditbrdrr themi which thefe creature* will do with the utmolt fury on the word of command, not regarding the weapon* that are thrown tt them: for though the Hottentot* have numbers of Urge elephant* in their counuy. they havf Hot yet learned the art of taming them, or training ihcni up to war. as the military men in the VjtR Indie* do. livery able boilicd man is a foldier, and poflefTed of a fct of fuch arms as has been deft ribcd ; nnd on the fummons of his prince, appear* at the rcndezvoua with all imaginable alacrity ami contempt of danger, and every man maintain* himfdf while the expedition M$. Aa their officer*, civil and military, haye no pay. To neither do the private men expcicntly fcts their tribes together by the ucs. The fiealing each others qutle is another caufi; of deadly ftrifci for thoush each kraal puoifbea theft among themfelxes with death, yet it is looked upon.as an he- roic ad to rob thofic ot another ;natuu» at leaft the \iody of the people .ire fo backwpr^ .W> giving «pihc offender, tlx^ cbeyrfrcqucmlyi<»nie>to,«m«siif()n it. I,' '• i iAii I. • lOO Cipt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. 11^ il ' ^- -m phants are obfcrved to go in great companies to water, tollowing in« ftle one alter another, and ufuaily take the fame road til! they are diAurbcd : the Hotttntots thcre- fcre dig pits in their paths, about eight feet deepi and ilbur and live overs in which they (ix fliarp thkes pointed with iron, and then cover the pit with fmaH Wicks and turf, fo as it is not difcemible : and as thefe ' «ninials ufuaily keep in one track, frequently one or " other of them tails in with his fore feet into the pit, and <"'JMil' (take pierces. his body {j/|h<. more he ftnigglcs, the '' deeper the weight of l^ifrfiifHlli'nus body fixes him on the (hike. When the re^,9t;jt^it4)erd obferve the mir> -.fortune of their companion, arid find he cannot difcn- gage hinifelf, they immediately abandon him : w^iere. ' upon the Hottentots, who lie concealed, inexp^dation of the fuccefs of their ftratagcm, approach the wound- «d bcaO. Itab nim with their fpcars, and cut hit largeft -veint, fothat he foonexpiresi whereupon they cut him «B pieces, and, carrying the flclh home, fcaft upon it as long as it lath. His teeth they make into rings for • their arms, and, when they have any ivory to (pare, - difpoTe of it to the Europeans. The rhinoceros and «lk are frrqucntly t)iken in pitfalls, as the elephants are. I'he HotCcntot, who kills any of thcfe, or a lion, leo. pard, or tygcr, fmgly, has the highrft honour conJcrred upon him, and fcveral privileges, which belong only to fuch intrepid heroes. At his return from this hazard- •us and important fervice, the men of the kraal d^ute •ne of the fcniors to congranilate him on his vi^lorjr, Md defire that he will honour them with his prel'cnce s whcRupun he folkiwt the old deputy to the aflen^l^, vhom he ttnds, according to cuftom, fitting upon their hnls in a circle; and, a mat of diftinAion being laid fcr hitn in the center, he fets himfeif down upon it : after which the olJ deputy urines plentifully upon him, -which the hero rubs in with great eagernefs, having firil fcratvhed the grcafc ocf his (kin with his nails rtlw de- IHity all this while pronouncing fome words unintelli- gible to any bat themfelvcs. Alter this, they light a. pipe of tobacco, which they fmoke and hand one to •pother till there remain nothing but aihes in the pipe, •nd thefe the old deputy (Irews over the gallant man, who rubs them in as they fall upon him, not fullering tl«e leaft duft to be loit After which the neighbours having fevcrally congratulated him on his advancement to the high honour, they difperic, and go to their re> Ipe^ttvc tents. The conqueror, atterwards, fallens the bladder of the ii^rtoua beal^ he has killed to his hair, which he ever after wears as a badge of liis knight- ho«Hl{ and is from that time elWemed by every one a krave tuaii, and a benefactor to his country. When retired m his tan, his neighbours fcem to vie which of thciH (hail ohiiee him moil, and are, for the next three 4ays, continually fending hint one delicious morfel or other; nor do they call upon him to perform duty du. rin<:r that time, but fuller him to indulge his eafe : but, wlut IS ilill more unaccountable, his wilir, or wives, (for hr mav have more than one) are not allowed to come nc.u him for three days after this honour is conferred n I httii; but they are ibrccd to ramble about the (ield«, and to keep to a fpare diet, let! they Hiould, as Mr. Kolben furmifes, tempt the hulbands ro their embraces : feiit on the third.day in the evening, we are told the wo- Aien return to the tent, arc received with the utmoft jhy and tti^demefs ; mutual coNgratulations pafs be- tween them: a tiit Iheepis killed, and thek neighbours N^viccdto thefeaO, where the pnwcfa of the hero, and the honoiUf* he has obtained, are the chief futjeft «f th^r ctHiverfatton. iheK is fcafcc any wtki beaft, but the flclh is good eating, ifft lie'iiM killed with psiibiious wciyons i bwt ' ' 3 the tygtr is the moft delicious morfel ;' and 4s the whole kraal paruke of the (iaft, the perlbn who kills him meets with a double (hare of prnife, as he both rids the country of an enemy, and pleafes their palates. But to return to the field fports of the Hottentots : when they hunt a deer, a wild goat or a hare, they go fingly, or but two or three in company, armed only with a dart or two, and feldom mils the game thcv throw at : yet," as has been obfcrved alrcaiiv, (b long as they have any manner of food left, if it be but the raw hides of cattle, or ihoc foles, thc) A ill hardly he perfuaded to ftir to get more ; though it is true, when they apprehend their cattle in danger from wild btallis, no people are nwre active, or purfue thc chace of them ■with greater alacrity and bravery. From hunting.', we proceed to treat of their lilhing; at which they are very expert; taking fiih with angles, nets, .and fpears; ami they get a certain fi(h, called rock-filli, prticularlyhv groping the holes of the locks near tiK (hore, when the tide is out : thefe are mightily admired by the Euro- peans; but having no fcaks, the Hottentots will not eat them. The manner of the Hottentot's fwimming, is .is par- ticiilar as of his lilhing; for he flands upright in the fed, and rather walks and treads the water, than fwims upon it, his head, neck, and (houldcrs being quite above the waves, as well as hit arms, and yet they move falter in the water than any European can; even in a (term, when the waves run high, they will venture into the fea, riling and fallirig with the waves like a cork. Thc next thing we (hall notice, is the marriages of the Hottentots: and it feems, every young fellow hat fuch regard to the advice of his father, (or rather the laws and cudoms of the country require it) that he al- ways confults the old man before he enters into a treaty with his miArefs, ind if he approves thc match, the fether and fon, in the firft place, pay a vifit to the fa- ther of thc damfel, with whom having fmriakcd, and talked of indittereiit things for fome time, the father of the lover opens thc matter to the virgin's father, who having confulted his wife, returns an anfwer immedi- ately io the propofal: if it be rtjefted, the lover and his father retire without more words; but if the otter be approved by the old folks, the damfel is called and acquainted, that they have provided a hulband for her ; as Ihe mull fubmit to their determination, unlcfs fhe can hold her lover at arms end, after a night's ftrug- glingi for we are told, that when the parents are agreed, the two young people are put together, and if the vir- gin lofes her nraidenhead, (he mud have the young fel- low, tl\ough (he be never fo averfe to the match : but then Ihe is permitted to pinch and fcratch, and defend herfelf as well as (he can ; and if (he holds out till morning, thc lover returns without his mitlrefs, and makes no further iittempts; but if he fubdues her, flie is his wife to all intents and purpofcs, without further ceremony; and the next day the man kills a fat ox, or more, according to his circumflances, for the wedding dinner, and the entertainment of their friends, who rcfort to them upon the occafion, bringing atiundance of good Wilhet for the happinefs of the married couple, as is ufual among politer people. The ox is no fooner killed, but the company get each fome of the fat, and greafe themfelvcs with it from head to foot, powdering themfclVes afterwards with buchu, and the women, to add to their charms, make red fpots with oker, or red chalk, on their black faces. The entertainment being ready, the men form a circle in the area of the kraa! {for a large company cannot fit within doors) and the women form another; the bridegroom futing in the middle of the mens circle, and the bride in the center of her own fex. Then the prieft enten the men's cir- de, and urines upon the bridcffroom, which the young man rubs in very joyfully. He then goes to the ladies aircle, where he does the bride the fame fcvour. Then thc old man goes from the bride to the bridegnem, till he has exhauftcd all his (lore. The prieft then pio- iMMincet his benedidion in thefe woida: "That the* mif live long and happily topthert that they mar Iwve • fim befoic the end of tht yewi aodlihM ht may wtmtn^ mmm COOK'S FIRST VOYAOE-rfor making Di/toveries in the Stf^tiSei^k. Round the JFarM. lOI {trove a l^rave mani and an expert huntfman, and the ike." After which, the mat it ferved up in earthen Eou glased with greaC;; and fome of tnem having nives fince the Europeani came amongft them, they divide their meat pretty decently t but more of them make ufe of theit' teeth and clawi, pulling it to pieces, and eating it ai voracioufly aa fo manv dogs, having no other plates or napkins than the (linking corners of the napkins they wear; the fea (hells without handles uiually fcrve them for fpoons. When they have dined a pipe is (illed with tobacco, which they fmokc all round, every one taking two or three whiin, and then handing it to the next. It is fiiupilar, that though the Hottentots are imnnoderttely roiid pf fpirituous li- quors, mufic and dancing, yet they do not drink the (iril, nor pradlife the latter at weddings* The Hottentots allow of polygamy i but feldom have more than three wives at a time ; and it feenu it it death IP marry or lie with a firft or fccond coufin, or any near relation. A iathcr feldom gives his fon more than two gr three cows, and as many (heep^ upon hit marriage, •nd with tnefc he muft make his way in the world i and wc do not find they give more with their daughters thitn a cow, or a couple of (beep i but the latter are to be returned to the father, if the bride dies without iiaving had any children : on the contrary, if (he ever bore any children to her hulbiind, the portion becomes |iis, even though the children are detun<5t. They do not leave their daughters, or youiigci fons, any thing when they diet but all the children depend upon the ddcd brother, and are his fcrvants, or rather (laves, yrhcn the father is dead, unlefs the elder brother >nfran- chife them; nor has the mother any thing tofubfift on, but what the elded fon allow* her. There being no {;rcat fortunes among thcn^ they match purely for ovc i an agreeable companion is til their gtteated men aim at : their chiefs intermarry frequently with the poorcit man's daughter; and a brave fellow, who has no fortune, docs not dcfpair of matching with the daughter of a prince. A widow, who marrioi a fccond time, is obliged to cut off ajoint of one of her fingers; and fo for every hufband ihe marries after the (iril. Ei- ther man or woman may be divorced, on ftewiag fuf- ^cicpt cauCc before the captain and the reft of the kraal ; the woman, however, rourt not marry again, though the man is allowed toqwrry, and have as many wives at he pleafes at the fame timer A young Hottentot never is mafter of a hut or tent, till he marries, imtefs his father dies and leaves him oiic : therefofc the iirit bulinefs the bride and bridegroom apply thcmfd vesta, after their marriage feall. is to ere^l a tent or htit of all mew materials, in which work the woman hat' a» great a iliarc as the man ; and thit takii^ them up abou^ a week's time, the new married couple are entertaiiwd in the mean time in. the tenu of fame of their relations. When they refort to their new apartment, and cosne to keep houlc together, the wife (eems to have much the ^reateft (hare of the trouble of it: (he fodders the cat- tle, milks them, cuts out the firing, fearches every morning for roots for their food, brings them home, and boils or broils them, while- the drone of a hulband lies indolently at home, and will fcarce ^ive himielf the < trouble of getting up to c.it when the food is pn^vided fur hire by the drudge his wife. 'I'he moi« wivot he ' has, ftill the more indolent life hd leads, the ctroof ' iitaking provifion for the family being iLxtwHupap ,' them, it is faid he will, in his turn, atterti his cattle j in the field ; but cxpctJts every one of his wives (hould do, at leatt, as much towards taking care of ehe|i» as < he docs. He will alfo, fometimes, but ytry t*tt\y^ fp j a hunting with the men of his kraal, and bring home a i IMcie of vcnifon, or a difh of fi(h ; but this it not of. " fen I and if he is of any handicraft trade, he may work at ' It two or three hnura in a we«k, and inftrOd hit chil- dren in the art.: He alfo takes- upon him to fell h|s cattle, and purchafe tobacco, and ftrong liquors of the ' Dutch, irith". necelTary tools, beadr and other orna- ■tent^ f«r whidt^the Hottcfttotr barter «way their M- i^tMi wives are not ixnnktedtofhtaMiied^teiii^ *lilfairfi^«^ing Mhi MfH^,' th*» t*in^ Ae* f«le VN'^O. 13. >i prerogative of the man. .When a woman brings a ||;v- ing(bnii\tothc world, there i$greaircjuicir)g: but the firlt thing they do with the child, is to duub it .ill ov^ with cow-dung; then they l^y it bcfotc the fire, or in the fjiin, till the dung is dried j after uhith they rub.ic off, and wafli the child with the juice of ccrtdin herbs. laying it In the fun, or before the fiic again, til! the li- quor M dried in, after which they andii;t tht- chikl frgfn head to foot with butter, or fliccps fat mclccct, u hich is dried. in as the juice was: and this culloin ot anoint- ing their bodies with fat, they rct.-iin afccrwanls ns lun^ at they live. After the child has been thus fmcarcd and grcafed, the mother gives it what name ihc thin1(s proper, which is ufuaiiy the name offomc wild beuiV. or domellic animal. When the woman is wcll.agnin. and able to leave her hut, (he rubs hcrfcif all ov^r uiih cow-dung; and this (ilchy daubing is by thefc ilclicuti: people tcmied a putitication, licing tinus delightfully perfumed, and elegantly ilcc orated uith flieep's guts, (he is permitted to go abroad, or to fee company at home. If the woman hastwuns, and they al-c girls, the itiait piDpofes it to the kraal, that he may cxpufc one uf them, cither upon pretence of (X)vcriy, or that bin wife has not milk for them both ; and this they ufually in- dulge one another in ; they do the fame when they have a boy or girl ; but always prefcrve the boys, though they happen to have two at a birth. Thc^c}(po(m child it carried to a diflance from the kraiil ; and. if they can find a cave or hole in the eacth, that fomc wild beaft has made, they put the child alive into it ; and then having (lopped up the mouth o(the dea with ftonet or earth, leave it there to llarvc i if i)Ky y^ 'Fhe Hottentots are exceedingly fiipfrllitioiis, and fond of divination. In ordet to know the fate ofa fick [wrfon, they flay a fheep afiv*: after having irs (kin in- tircly taken oft, if the poor animal is able lo get up and run away, it is deemed a propitious omen ; but, on the contrary, if the excruciating pain kiih it, thev imagine that the patient will certainly die, and accordingly give I him up intirely to nature, Without taking any further care of him. ' Whatever they believe of departed fouls, they have no notion either of heaven or hell, or of a rtarcof re- wards or jpunifhments ; this is evident from the be- hayiour of a dying Hottentot, and thofc about him ; neither he nor his friends offer up any prayers to their gods for the falvation of his foul ; or even mention the Itate of departed fouls, or their apprchenfions of his being happy or miferable after death : however, they fet up terrible bowlings and Ihrielrings. when the ficlc man is in his laft agonies ; and yet thefe very people arc frequently guilty of murdering their antienr parents, as well as their innocent children ; for when the father of a family is become perfedlly ufelefsand fuperannuated, he is obliged to afllgn over his ftock of cattle, and every thing clfe he has in the world, to his eldelt fon ; and in default of fons, to his next heir male: after which, the heireredls a tent or hut in fome unfrequented place, a good diftance from the kraal or camp he belongs to ; and, having affembled the men of the kraal, acquaints them with the condition of his fuperannuated relation; and defires their confcnt to expofc him in the diflant hut ; to which the kraal fcarce ever refufe their confentt Whereupon a day beihg appointed to carry the old man to the foiitaiy tent, the heir kills an ox, and two or three fheep, and invites the whole village to feaft and be merry with him; and at the end of the entenainmenr, all the neighbourhood come and take a formal leave of the M wretch, thus condemned to be ftarved or de- voured by wild beafts : then the unfortunate creature i« laid upon one of their carriage oxen, and carried to his laft home, attended to the place, where he is to be buried alive by moft of his nefehbours. The old man bcinc taken down, and fet in the middle of the hut provided for hirti, ilte company return to their kraai, and he never fctis the face ofa human creature afterwards ; they never fo much as en(^uire whether he was ftarved to death, or devoured by wild hearts : he is no more thought of, than if he had never been. In the fame manner they deal with a fuperannuated mother; only as flie has nothing Ihe can call her own, Ihe has not the trouble of affigning her effeOs to her fon. Whenever the Hotten- tots are upbraided with this unparallelled piece of bar- barity, they reply, it would be a much greater cruelty to fuffer an old creature to languifli out a miferable life, and to be many years a dying, than to make this quick difpatch with them j and that it is out of their extreme tendemefs they put an end to the lives of thefe old wretches t all the atguments in the world againft the inhumanity of the cufiom, can make no impreflion on themi and, indeed, as long as the Ehitch have re- fMed at the cape, they have not been able to break them of one flngle cufiom, or prevail with them to alter any pan of their conduct, how barbarous or abfurd fbever : and, it feems, the captain of a kraal is not exempted ftom feeing his funeral folemnized in this manner, while he is alive, if he happens to become ufclefs. And this leads us to treat of fuch fiuienls as are folemnized after the perfon is really dead. The fide man, having refigned his breath, is im- mediately bundled up, neck and heels together, in his fheep<(kin mantle, exceeding clofe, fo that no part of the cofjpTe appears: then the captain of the kraal, widi fome of the feniors, fearch the neighbouring country (br Ibme cavity in a rock, or the den of a wild beair, to bury it in, never digging a grave, if th^ can ted one cook's first voyage — for making Dtfcoviriet in the South Seas & round the tVorld. \ o3. one of thefc within a modcmte diftance. After which the whole icraal, men and women, prepare to attend the corpfe, feldom permitting it to remain above ground more than fix hours. When all things arc ready, all the neighbourhood afTemble before the door of the de- ceafcd, the men fitting down on their heels in one «rclc, and retting their elbows on their knees (their ufual pofture) as the women do in another: here they clap their hands, and howl, crying, Bo, bo, bo! (i.e. father) lamenting their lofs. The corpfe being then brought out on that fide the tent, where the perfon died, and not at the door, the bearers carry him in their arms to the grave, the men and women follow it in different parties, but without any manner of order, crying all the way. Bo, bo, bo! and wringing their hands, and performing a thoufand ridiculous gefiures and grimaces, whi-h is frequently the fubjedl of the Dutcnmen's mirth; it being impoflible, it is faid, to forbear laughing at the antic tricks theyr (hew on fuch an occafion. Having put the corpfe into the cavity prepared for it, they ftop up the mouth of it with ant hills, ftones, and pieces of wood, believing the ants will feed on the corpfe, and foon confume it. The grave being fiopped up, the men and women rendezvous again before the tent of the deceafed, where they repeat their howling, and frequently call upon the name of their departed friend: after which two of the oldeft men get up ; and one of them going into the circle of the men, and the other into the circle of the women, urine upon every one of the company ; and, where the kraals are fo very large, that two cannot find water enough for this ceremony, they double or treble the number. Then the old men go into the tent of the deceafed; and, having taken up fome alhes from the fire-place, they fprinkle them upon the bodies of the people, biefilng them as they go: and if the de- ceafed was a perfon of difiimflion, this is aded over again feveral days. But we fliould have remembered, that the ceremony always concludes with an entertain, j^ent. If the deceafed had any cattle, a fiieep is killed the occafion; and the caul being powdered widi h, :hu, is tied about the heir's neck, who is forced to wear it while it rots off, which is no great penance, all ftinks being perfumes to a Hottentot. All the relations alfo wear the cauls of fheep about their necks ; which it feems is their mourning, unlefs the children of the deceafed are fo poor, that they cannot kill a (heep ; and then they (have their heads in furrows of about an inch broad, leaving the hair on of the fame bneadth between every furrow. It is not an cafy matter to come at a Hottentot's re- ligious notions , he is fparing of his words, and laconic in his anfwers upon all occafions; but when religious topics are introduced, he generally conceals his icnti. ments in filence. Some on this account have doubted whether the Hottentots have any relicion at all : but the mod intelligent among the Dutch at the cape pofitively affirm, that they believe in a Supreme Being, whom they fiile Gounya Taquoa, or God of gods, and fancy that his place of refidence is beyond the moon. They allow that Gounya Taquoa is a humane benevolent being, yet they have no mode of worihippine him ; for which they ive this reafon, " That he curfed their firfi parents for aving greatly offended him, on which account their pofierityhave never from that time paid him adoration." They believe that the moon is an inferior vifible god, and the reprefentati vc of the high and invifible : chat fhc has the diredion of the weather; and therefore they pray to her when it is unfeafonable. They never fail to affcmble and worfiiip this planet at the new attd full moon, let the weather be never fo bad ; and though they diftort their bodies, grin and put on very mghtfiil looks, crying and howling in a terrible manner, yet they have fome cxpreflions that ihcw their veneration wl dcpcndance on this inferior deity ; as, * Mutfchi Atze, lulutcyou; you are welcome: Chcraqua kaka chori Ounqua, grant us pafturc fur our cattle and plenty of nfiilk.' "Uiefc and other prayers to the moon they re- peat, frequently dancing and clapping their hands all the while; and, at the end of every dance, crying. Ho, ho, ho, ho! raifing and foiling their voices, andufing 4 hi abundance of odd geftures, that appear ridiculous to European fpedlators ; and which no doubt, made them at firil, before they knew any thing of their language, conclude, that this could not be the effed of devotion, efpecially when the people theinfelves told them, it was not an ad of rclij|ion, but only intended for their diver- fion. They continue thus fhouting, finging and dan- cing, with profirations on the earth, the whole night, ana even part of the next day, with fome fliort inter- vals,' never refting, unlefs they are quite fpent with the violence of the action ; and then they fquat down upon their heels, holding their heads between their hands, and refling their elbows on their knees ; and, after a little time, they fiart up again, and failing to finging and dancing in a circle as before, wiih all their might. The Hottentots alfo adore a fly about the bigncfs of a hornet, called by fome the gold beetle : whenever they fee this infed approach their kraal, they all affemblc about it, and fing and dance round it while it remains there, ftrewing over it the powder of buchu, by bota- nifis called fpirsam ; which w hen it is dried and pul- verised, they always powder themfclves with it at fefti- vals. They ftrew the fame powder alfo over the tops of their tents, and over the whole area of the kraal, as a tefiimony of their veneration for the adored fly. They facrificc alfo two (heep as a thankfgiving for the favour fliewn their kraal, believing they fiiall certainly profper after fuch a vifit : and, if this infed happens to light upon a tent, they look upon the owner of it for the future as a faint, and pay him more than ufual refpctft. The bcft ox of the kraal alfo is immediately facrificed, to tcfiify their gratitude to the little winged deity, and to honour the uint he has been pleafcd thus to difiinguiSi: to wham the entrails ofthebeafi, the choicell morfcl ir their opinion, with the fat and the caul is prefented; and the caul being twilled like a rope, the faint ever after \iears it like a collar about his neck day and night, til' it putrifies and rots ofl^; and the faint only fealls upon the entrails of the beaft, while the red of the kraal feed upon the joints, that are not in fo high efteem among them : with the fat of the facrificealfo the faint anoints his body from time to time, till it is all fpent ; and, if the fly lights upon a woman (he is no lefs reverenced by the neighbourhood, and entitled to the like privileges. It is fcarce poffiblc to cxprefs the agonies the Hottentots are in, if any Eu- ropean attempts to uke or kill one of thefe infeds, as the Dutch will fometimes feem to attempt, to put them in a fright : they will beg and pray, and fall proftrate on the ground, to procure the liberty of this little crea- ture, if it falls into a Dutchman's hands; they are, on fuch an occafion, in no lefs conf^emation than the In- dians near Fort St. Gcorec, when the kite, >vith a white head, which they worfhip, is in danger. If a fol- dier takes one of thefe alive, and threatens to wring the neck of it off, the Indlahs will gather in crowds about him, and immediately colled the value of a (hilling or two, to purchafe the liberty of the captive bird Hjey adore. But to return to the Hottentots : they iniaginc if this little deity (hould be killed, all the cattle would die of difeafes, or be deftroyrd by wild beafts; and thev themfelves (hould be the mofi mifcrable of men, ancl look upon that kraal to be doomed to fome immi. nent misfortune, where this animal feldom appears. The Hollanders have fent feveral reverend divine's to the cape as miflionaries. who have fpared no pains to bring the Hottentots off from their idolatry, anoinducc them to embrace Chriftianity ; even their covetoufnefs and annbition have been applied to, and temporal re- wards offered them, on condition of their being in- firudcd in the principles of Chriftianity. But no mo- tives whatever, whether thofe rekting to this or another ftate, have yet been able to make the leaft imprefTion on any one of them : thev hold faft and hug their ancient fuperftitiona, and will hear of no other religion. The reafon that they neither imitate the Europeans in their building, planting, or cloathing. is becaufe they ima- gine themfclves to be religioufly obliged to follow the cuftoms of their anceftors; and that, if they (hould deviate from them in the leaft of thefe matters, it might make \Mi I04 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. t i '" <*l 1, '^1 make war for a total chansc of their religion and man- ners, which they cannot think of without abhorrence. One of the Dutch governors at the cape bred up an Hdttentot from his infancy, obliging him to follow the fitfhioiis and cuftoms of the Europeans, to be taught fcvcral lan<>uagct, and to be fully inftruded in the prm- ciples of the Chrillian religion, cloathing him hand- fuincly, and treating him, in all rcfpeih, as a perfon for whom he had a high efteem i and let him know, that he dcfigncd him for fome beneficial and honourable ciiipluyment. The governor afterwards fent him a voyage to Batavia, where he was employed, under the commiflary his friend, for fome time, till that gen- tleman died 1 and then he returned to the cape of Good Hope: but, having paid a vifit to the Hottentots of his relations and acquaintance, he threw off all his fine clothes, bundled them up, and laid them at the gover- nor's feet, and dcfired he would give him leave to re- nounce hisChrillianity, and live and die in the religion and culloms of his anceftors : only begged the governor would give him leave to keep the hanger and collar he wore for his fake; which while the governor was deli- berating with himfelf upon, fcarce believing the fellow to be in earneO, the young Hottentot took the oppor- tunity of running away, and never came near the cape afterwards, thinking himfelf extremely happy that he had exchanged his European cloaths for a Iheep fkin and the reft of the Hottentots drcfs and ornaments: the Englifli Eall India company, we are informed, made the like experiment, bringing over two of that nation hither, whom they cloathed decently after the Euro>. pean manner, and ufcd them, in all refpeds, with the greatell goodnefs and gentlcnefs, hoping, by that means, to be better informed of the condition of their country, and whether it might be worth the while to make a fettlcment there: but the two Hottentots only learnt Englifh enough to bewail their misfortune in be- ing brougnt from their country and their friends; and, after two years trial of them, being again fet on fhore at the cape, they immediately (tripped off their Euro- pean clotnes, and, having taken up the (hcep fkin man- tle again, rejoiced beyond mcafurc for their happy ef- cape from the Englifh. The poor Hottentots fometimes employ themfelves in making arms, viz. bows and arrows, lances and darts, bartering them with the rich for cattle, to begin the world with : others get elephants teeth, and what they do not ufe in making rings and ornaments for themfelves, are generally difpofed of, it is thought, to the Portucucfe and other Europeans, who touch at 'Icrra de Natal, and other parts of the eaftern or wef- tcrn coalh The Hottentots fell very few teeth to the Dutch; though it is manifefl they kill abundance of elephants: they fupply the Hollanders however with cattle, and take wine, brandy or tobacco, in return ; and an ox may be purchafed of them for a pound of to- bacco, and a large Iheep for half a pound. As to coin, the reader will conclude they have none ; nor do they ever fee any, unlefs fome fmall pieces of money the Dutch fometimes give them for their wages at the cape ; and it muft not be forgot, than the Hottentots find abundance of oftrich's eggs in the fand, which they barter with the fca-faring men, that touch at the tape, for brandy and tobacco; every tailor almofl be- ing proud of bringing home one of thefc egg (hells to his friends, after he has fried and eaten the yolk, which makes a large pancake, and ii pretty good food, but ra- ther of the f^rongert. Their butchers are faid to be great artifts in their way, and to handle a knife as dextcroufly as an anatomifl: having tied the hind and fore legs of a (hcep, they throw the creature on his back, and with cords, two of them extend it to its full (Iretch, while a third rips it up; fo that all the entrails appear : then, with one hand, he tears the guts from the carcafc, and, with the other, ftirs the blood, avoiding as much ai he can the breaking any of the blood-velTels about the heart ; fo that the inecp is a long tune a dying: in the mean time he gives the guts to another, who ju(l rids them of the mth, and riiiccs ihi-ni in water, and part of them arc broiled and 3 catett aihortgft thchi, before thi lliccp is well dead : having fcooped the bltJod out of the body of the animal with their hands or fca (hells, thev cut the reft of the guts in fmall pieces, ahd ftcw theiji in the Wood, which is the Hottentots favourite di(h. An ox alfo is killed in the fame barbaroui liianner; being thrown ujKjn his back, and his legs eXtciuled with cords, he is rapped up, and his guts taken out lirlh in which cruel opera- tion the heart is half an hour a dyirig: they feparatc the parts with great cxadncfs, dividing the Hdh, the bones, the membranes, mufcles, veirts, aiulartcnts, and laying them in fcvcral parcels every thing entire. 'J'hc bones alfo are takeif out of the flcili, and laid together in fuch order, that they might be caJily formed ihto an cxad (keleton : thifc they boil bv themfdvci, and get the marrow out t)f them, with «hich they anoint tTieir bodies. Of the Ihccp (kin, as has been olifcrvcd already, they make a mantle, if it be large: but, if it is fmall, they cut it into thongs, to adorn their wo- men's legs : and the hide of an ox d rvcs cither to cover their tents, or to make girts and llraps of, with which they bind their baggage on their carriage oxen when they decamp ; and, if they have no other ufe for their ox-hides, they lay them by, and cat thctn when they want other food. They have another artificer, who is both felmongcf and taylor: that is, he drclTes (kins after their way< and then makes them into mantles: he rakes a (heep (kin juft flayed off, and, rubbing it well with fat, the (kin becomes tough and fmooth ; and, if it be for one of his countrymen, he rubs it over alfo with fre(h cow- dung, and lays it in the fun till it is dry : then he rubs it with fat and cow dung again; which he repeats fc- vcral times, till it becomes perfedly black, and ftinks fo, that no European can bear it ; and then, with a lit- tle (haping and fewing, it is a complete manti: for a Hottentot: but, if it be dre(rcd for a Dutchman, he only rubs the fkin well with fat, whi'-h fecures the wool from coming off. If he be to drcG an ox's hide, he rubs the hairy fide with wood allies; then fprinkling it with water, rolls it up, and lays it a day or two in the fun; which expedients cffedually bring off the hair; this (kin is then wellgreafcd, (Iretchcd our, and dried again, when it is deemed good leather. Their fmithsdo not only falhion their iron, hut melt it from the ore : they find plenty of iron rtonis in fcvc- ral jparts of their country ; and having got a heap of there, they putihem into a hole in the ground, heated and prepared for their purpofc : then they make a fire over the Hones, which they fupply with fuel, and keep up till the iron melts: and then it runs into another hole, which they make for a receiver, a little lower than the firrt : asfoon as the iron in the receiver is cold they b»eak it to pieces with ftoiies ; and, heating the pieces again in other fires, beat them with ftones, till they (hape them into the heads of lances, darts, arrows, and bows, and fuch weapons as they ufe; for they fcarce ever form any other utenfils, but arms of this metal : they get the hardcll flat (lone, according to monficur Vogel, and, laying the iron upon it, as upon an anvil, beat it with another round (lone, which ferves them for a hamnierj then they grind it upon the flat (lone, and polilh it as nicely as any European artificer rtnild do with all his tools: they have fome oppcr ore too, which they melt in like manner; but they make only toys and ornaments for their drcfs of this metal : nor, indeed, do they ever work in iron, but when thcv want weapons. They would never labour, if their nec'clHties did not fometimes compel them to it: but, when they do, no people work harder, or more indefatigablv ; for they never leave a piece of work, till they have (inifhcdit. The ivory-turner makes the ivory rings that are worn ornamentally about the arms; and confidering that his only tool is a common clafp knife, which he pro- cures from the Dutch, the workmanfliip has great merit. The potter or maker of earthen vcfTcls is another art ; but this, it feems, they arc all dexterous at, every family making the pou and pans they want. For thefc thcy cook's first VOYAGE— for tnakin^ Di/averut in the South Seas & Round the ff^er/J. i >05 they ufc only the earth of ant>hilb, clearing them of all (and and gravel t after which, the|^ work it lo^her with the bruifcd ant-egg*, that are faid to conftinitc an extraordinary cement. When lhe» have moulded thefe materials into a kind of ptfle, Uieytakc at much of them as will make one of their pott, and fiilhion it by hand upon a flat (lone, making it of the form of a Ro- man urn ; then they fnutoth it within and without very carefully, not leaving the leail roughneft upon the fur- face i and having dried it in the fun two or three days, they put the |Mt mto a hole in the around, and burn it, by making a fire over it i and, when they uke it out, it appears perfedlly black: every family alfo make their own mats, with which they cover their tents or hutt 5 but thii it chiefly the buiinidi of the women : they ga- ther the flags and ruihet by the river (ide, Or weave or plat them into mats fo clofely, it it faid, that neither the weather or light can penetrate them. The lad artificer we (hall mention is the rope-maker, who hat no better materials, than fuch flags and ru(hes as the mats arc made oft and yet they appear almoit as Arong at thofc made of hemp : the. Dutch, at the cape, buy and ufc them in ploughing, and in draUght-car. riagea. As to the way of travelling here, rhe natives all travel on foot, except the aged and iniirm 1 and thefe are carried on their baggage oxen. As there are no inns or places for rcfrclhment, the travelling Hottentot calls at the kraals in his way, where he meets with a hearty welcome from hit countrymen, who endeavour to (hew their hofpitalicy to (bangers, whether of their own country or of Eiirope. Such indocd is the general ur- banity of thefe people, and their ilridl int^rity when any confidence is placed in them, that when the Hol- landers travel either on foot or horfeback, if they can- not reach an European (ettlement, they alfo call at the kraals of the Hottentots, where they are compKmented with a hut, and fuch provi(ion at they have, or they may lie in the area of the kraal, in the open air. if they picafb, and the weather be good ; and hero tliey are ftcure both firona robbcra and' wild bcaftst for the bufhit banditti oii theimountaitis are dan^rous, at they give no quarter} but the Hottentot nations in general old them in abhorrence, and unanimoudy concur in feizing and puniihing ihcm upon bll occatitiMv Their language is very inarticulate and vlcfevflive ; one word (ignifies Icveral thingt, the definitive meaning being dcccnnincd by the manner of pronouncing: and the pronunciation is fo harfb and confufed; (hat they fecmi to tiammcr in all they '<^k. Hence, though they are eafily taught' to underiland othee^ languages, they can feldnm be brought n> f{keak them with any de- gree of mtcUigibilicy. — . i:i :ii !i ' 1: We fliall here fubjoin a fmall Hottentot vocabulary, fpr the fatisfaftion ofriic curiooa 1 khauna, fi^ifict a lamb; kgou, a gooff: hiinqvaa, trcet;' knomm, to heart quaqua. a pheafanc; tiuka, a whale;, horri, beafts in general; knabou, >a fowling picce^.qua^ar»- ho, u wildot ; ouncqua, the anotis t vjuicnkba, to Ml;' lifchanec, a dogt konkcqua, ataftaint ^uaa, the neckt qlian, the heart t l^c^s, a buckler doe ; itikquotv: a g(td : knmma, a houlei khoaa, aiiat ; kowkuri^ iron 1 K«>nkrkcrey; a hen; thaukou,ia.tlark night i tkoume, ricei ghoudie, aflieep; toya,/iioiwind ; ttkaa, a val- ley; tknonoklau, gunpowder t kamkumma, the earth s quaouw, thunder I duekatere,. a^uck t kammaj waters qtiavha, an aft| nsMw, the eavst kirri, a "ftjck't iiomhha, the beard t ka-ai to drink; duriefa, an ogtt l.^k-kaa, an rtx oi burden 1 ouhvtCi fouttcn houi»ov< * Ira dog: bikgun, the head j kiain^,« Aag: kouqnil, a pigeon t anthun, to*morrowt koa, a tooth tkha- inouiia, rhe devil: hakqua, a horfe; kvo, a^fpn; kammi), a ttre^mi tika, gial'si tdqua. a wctT^'kaan* !{«a, the mouth ; khou, a peaootkis gAna, a boy j goit, a ^v>t kl)Q;dcamnM, a baboon; k^rhanehpu, a ftar : 11:11, an^vc: tquaifouw, a tygti*. ! > The Hottentots have oiily ten humcrical tcrths, \rhich they repeat twice to cxpreft the muitiplicatiDn of the ( H-ft term. »nd three times to expreis the rc>nMthi-i plirarinnnf tnc attcr. Their terms are: q'kui, mti N:ids blow frequently with great fUry; but their diredion being right out of the bay prevents them from being dangeroub. For the convenience of landing and (hipping goodsi a wharf of wood is run out near the town, to a prdper diftance. Water is conveyed in pipes to this wharf, and many large boats and hoys arc kepc by the Company to carry (lores and provifions to and from the (hipping in the harbour. This bay is co- vered by a fmall fort on the £. (ide of the town, and clofe to the beach ; and is alfo defended by feveral out- works and batteries extending along the (hore, as well on this (ide of the town as the other; ncverthclcfs they are by their (ituation cxpofcd to the (hipping, and in a manner defencelefs againft an enemy of any force by land. As to the garrifon, this conflfhi of eight hun- dred regular troops, befidcs militia of the country, in which laft is comprehended every man able to bear arms. By fignals .they can alarm the country in a' very (horc time, and' when thefe ate made, the militia' it CO: repair iminediardy to' their place of rendezvous in ttie town. ' On Sunday, tht r4th of April in the morning, we' Weighed, 'Hood outtof the my, and anchored at five in the evening under iVmgMin, or Robin Ifland. Here we lay all night, and being prevented from failing by thewind, the Captain d'$$atched a boat to the illana for a few trifling articles, which we had omitted to take inaitbe Cape : when our people drew near the fhore, theyiwere'wamedbyt the Dutch not to land at their (}eril: At the fame lime fix men, armed with muf-° qucu,. paraded upon «he beach. The commanding officer in the boat did tjot think it prudent to ri(k the lives of his men, on account of a few cabbages, and therefore fetdrncd withdut thert to the fliip. To thia ifland the Dutch at the Cape banifh fuch criminals z\ arc not thought worthy of death, for a certain number of ychrs, according liathe liatiire of their crimes. They , itro' empioyol as (laves ! in digging lime-ftone, which' though I'cditce upoii the continent is herein great abun- danei^ A Dinrfli (hip touched at ihit ifland, havingi beenim&fed a(riftanoc,xc.the Cape, and fending her t boat on (horo, overpowered the guard, and then took^ ; as man^of 'thecr.-ninals as were neceflarj' to navigate har)hnne;,'ia|' fhe had kft great part of^ her crew by j lickAcfa. Tp this incident we attributed our repulfe; cotrludingi: that the Dutch to prevent a fimilar refcue o( '(hlBii^ipirifaners, had ordered their garrifon at this place;/ ndt to fuliier any boat of foreign nations to land the qrfiil; and come afliore. On Thurfday the i^tb, we put to fea, and about fourt/clackin the afternoon died our mafler. Mr. Ro- bert 'Moilinbtx. a youth of good parts, but unhap* pity for his Own felfprefiirvacion too much^diAed to intemperance, a habit wc would caution all tho(e who ondirtabe hmg voyage' to avoid, if they have anv re- gard to their peribud fafety. We now continuen our voyage without dny other ftmarkabie incident ; and on Moriday the 39th, we crofTed our firfl meridian, hav- ing circumnavigated the globe from E. to W. and con- fequehttf loft • day, for which upon corredling our rec- knninff-i^ Datavia, we made an allowance. On Monday the m.vt May, we came to anchor at bvoak of day, be- fbrr Jamci'sifen in the ifland of St. i^lcna; wid at we « D ! propofcd I % f1 1 lo6 Capt. CO O K's V OVY A,a Ji iS. C O M If^U^ti T E. 4 I I' propofcd torct'relh here, Mr.Banks omplaycd Ins time id Vi(i(ing the tivAl remarkable placc;i, and In liirveying every objeCl worthy of notice. St. Milena is liAiatcd in the Atlantic oceah, in Ifix dej;reca W. lonKiludc, and lixteen S. latitude, ahnnoll '\n the midi^uy between Africa and America, being twelve huiuh-ed milca dillaiit from the ibriner, :and eighteen humlri^l tram the latter. It was fo named by the Portuguefc, who difcovercd it on St. Helen's-day. Jhisiidand is 36 milel long, 1 8 broad, mA aboat 61 in aircumfcrcnce; It js the fuminit of an immenfc moun- Qiin riling out of.rhcfta, and of a depth unfathomable at a fmalT dilUnce round it. Is may be difccrned at lea, at above twdwy leagues didance, and looks like a caftic in the uiiddle of the ocean, whofc natural walls arcof that height, thar there is no fcating them. The tmall valley cniied CbapeUvalley, in a bay on the call Me of it, is defended by a battery of forty or fifty great gims, planted even witb the watert and the waves daflu i)ig perpetually on the Ihorc, make it d4fficult,landing even here. There is alio one little creek bclidcs, wjicre two or three men may land at a time; but this is now defended by a battery of iive or (ix guns, and rendered inacceinble. No anchorage is to tw found any where about the illnnd^ but at Chiipd- , fcended from Englifli parents. Every f;iinily has a houfe and plantation on the higher part of the ifland, where they look after their cattle, fruits, and kitchen garden. They fcarce ever come down to the town, unleli it be tothurch, or when the (hipping arrive, when moft of the houfes in the valley are converted into punch-houfes, or lodgings for their guells, to whom they fell their poultry, and other commodities; but they are not full'ered to purchafe any merclundize of the fliips that touch here. Whatever they want of foreign growth or manufiK^ure, they are obligtdito buy at the company's warehoule, where twice overv month, they may furnilh themfelves with br.\ndy, Kiiropean or Cape wines, Batavia arrack, malt, beer, fugar, tea, coffee, china, and japan-ware, linen, callicoes, chintz, inuflins. ribbaiuls, woollen-cloth and ilutts, and all 'manner of cloathing, for which they are allowed' lixi months: credit. Amona the very few native produc* tions of this ifland mudiw reckoned ebony, though the trees are now nearly extind. Pieces of this wood are' frequently fdund in the vallica of a fine black coldur„ and a hardnefs alamll equal to iron ; thefe pieces, how.: ever, are fo flioit and crooked, that no ufe can be made of them. Thereare few infcdls here, but upon the tops of the highefi ridges a fpecics of fnail is found, whichri has probably been there finoc the original creation of ' their kind. It is indeed very difficult to conceive how ' apythin^not formed here, or brought hither by the - diligence, of man, Could find its way to d place (b fevered from the red of the work), by (bunfiiinmenfe^ extent.' '.''.'■■ The PortuRuefe, whodifcovenedthis ifland in ijor.t (lor<;d it with hogs, goafs, and poultry, and tifed to touch at it for water atid (rc(h provifiana in their re*, turn from India ; but we do not find they ever planted ' a colony here; or, if chey did, having deferred it atier- wardi> the Knglilh Ea^lndia Company took polfcnion of the ifland A. D. 1660, and held u till 1673, without < interruption, when the Dutch took it by furpcne. How- ever, the Englilh, commanded by Capt. Munden, re- covered it again within the fpace of a year, and took . three Dutch Eaft Ihdia fliips that lay in the road at' the fame time. The .HoUaiuert /had fortified the land- ing place, and planted batteries of great guns to pre- vent a defccnt t butthe'Euiglifli beirtg acquainted with a fmali creek where only two men could go abread, climbed up to the top of the rocka in the night time, and appearing next morning at the backs of the Dutch, they tnrew down their arms, and furrendered the ifland without (biking a ftroke : but, as x^c have betbre ob- (ci^ved, this crecK has been finre fortitied: fo that theie is BOW. no place where an enemy can iiiakis a dcfcent with any probability uf fucccls. The afiairs of the P^fl-India Company arc managed here- by a governor, dcputy-govcrtHx, anil ltorchoufe-> ke^rt who have certain fettled falnriKii allovied, be* (ides a pubjic table, well furnilhed, tu which nil com- manders, ■■WnM town. 1 in 1^02,1 id tifed to their rc» . er planted ' it aticr* poiFciTioik without > «c. How- indcn, re> and took , road at' the land', ns w pi«- intcd with abrcaft, i^ht timr, he Dutch, the ifland before ob- that thew a dcfcent Mnanagcd lorchoul'e-. o>»'ed, be- all ront- mandcrs, COOKs F IRST VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the Soiat Seas & round the fVorU. 1 07 Biandert, marters of (liips, and eminent paflcngerj arc welcome. The nativci fomftimcs call tjie refult pf, their delibcraiionj fevxre iinpOfitions ; and though fe- lief might perhaps Ije had from the company in Eng- land yet the unavoidable delay* in rcturnmg anfwcn to addrefles ai,ihacdirtancc puts th%«gKricved undjr great hardftiip«; aitt on the other ftand, -Avas n^t the fituatibn of thi* i(find ^ry fcrviceable to our home- waid-bound Eaft-India ftilps, the conrtani trouble and cxpence would induce the company to abandon the ifland ; for though it is furnifhcd with the conveniencics of life, the merchants find no other profitable com- modities there. The maftcrs of the plantations keep a great many blacks, who, upon fevere treatment, hide themfelves Tftr two or three months together, keeping among the rocks by day, and roving at night for provilions: but they arc generally difcovcred and uken. The children and defendants of white people nave not the lead red in their cheeks; in all other places near the tropics; but the natives of St. Helena arc re- markable for their ruddy complexions and robuft con- nitutioni. Their hjcathfulncfs may, in general, be alcribcd to the fo'lowing caufes. They live on the top of a mountain always open to the fca breezes that con- ttantly blow here: they are ufually emploved in the moft healthful exercifes of gardening and hulbandry ; the ifland is frequently refrellied with moderate cooling (howcrsi and no noxious fens, nor fah mailhcs annoy them. They are ufed alfo to climb the lleep hill be- tween the town in Chapel-valley and their plantation j which hill is lb fteep, that, having a ladder in the middle of it, they call it Ladder-hill j and this cannot be avoided without going three or four miles about j fo^ that they feldom want air < excrcife, the grcaf pft''"^ fervers of hqalth, 'A| to the geniua and temper of thcfe people they utXOeA to us thi moft h^neft, tlye moft inoffcnfive, and the moft hofpiuble people we ever met with of Englilh extraction, having fcarcc any tth<%ire ofavarice or ambition. Wit alked fome of thttti, If they had no curiofitjr to fee thi reft of the world, and how they could confine Aemfelyet to fo fmall a fpot of earth, feparated at fuch a diftance from the reft of mankind? They replied, that they enjoyed the neceflaries of life in gr^tplemjr: they *ere nei- ther parched with excefflve heat, or pmched with cold: they lived in perfeft fecuHty 1 in no daiwrr of enemies, of robbers, wild bttfts dr rigorous fealohs; and were hiippy in the enjoytnent of a continued flate 6f health : that as there^re no rich men aniong them (fcarce amr planter bring wonh more thail a ihoufand dolian) fo then were no poor in the ifland, no n»n being worth left than fdnir hundred dollars, and confeqre labour than was ncceflary to ktmhim in heakh. ■ ^ Our thoiights ^ck now emploved on retumirtg to ^itlvthe Mfual cere- monieihi lie ncxi^'uiiy (ne Captain appointed Mr. Charle«CleK, a ttxing i||n, jib adt ip the room of Mr. Hicks. Wc now every day drew nearer our defired haven ; but what m(ift ba the condition of our once good ftiip, the Endeavour, nuy eafil^ be imagined, from a flight recollection of the hardflups (be had furmounted, and the dangers Ihe had ptovidentially efcaped, At this time our rigging and lails were fo weather-beaten, that every day fomething was giving way. However, we held on our courfe, without any material occur- rence that might endanger our fafety, till Monday the joth of June, when, toourgreatjoy, Nicholas Young, the boy »hu iirft difcovcred New Zealand, called out land from the maft head, which proved to be the Li- zard. The next day, being Tucfdtiy, the eleventh, we proceeded up the channel. On Wcdncfday the lath, with the pleafing hopes of feeing our relatives and friends, exciting fenfatjons not to be defcribcd by the pen of the moft able writer, wc paflcd Bcachy Head. At noon, to our incxprcfliblc ioy we were a-brealt of Dover; and about three o'cIock. P. M. we came to an anchor in the Downs. When we landed at Deal, our fliip's company indulged freely that mirth, and fociablc jollity, common to all Englifh failors upon their return from a long voyage, who as readily forget hardfliips and dangers, as with alacrity and bravery they en- counter tnem. We cannot clofc this book without joining in that oetieral cenfurc, which has been juftly beftowe^ on Dr. Hawkefw^rtfl, the late compiler of a former adcount of this voyage of the Endeavour. An infidel may imbibe what deiftical chimeras may be bcft adapted to the glo6m]| temper of his mind; but we Catinot but thii^ him highly Culpable in, forcing them iftto a ^VO!;-k •f this ktnd; foi' though it may be faid, that. With riefpedt' to efficient and final caufes, the opinion of a general' and particular Providence will form one and the fame concjufion, yet we think it is, of great comfort to all men, particularly to thofe who can trace the svohders, of an almighty hand in the de the commahd of the AdVenture. 'Ilie RcToluttpt^ had' onehurtdrei ahd twelve hahds on board^ oltke^s. in- .luded.: inidthi Advchturecidwy-one. lii the former, fames Cook Wis captain, Rdbcft P. Cooper,^ Plvles Clerk, and Richard Pickcrfcill, were appointed lieu- tinanti'. /tofejih dilbert was, maften Japict Grey, boatTwairi; Tames Wallis, carpenter; Robert Anderfon, .^iinneri and j[iines Patten, (ui^eoii. JohnEdgCi mbe \\a»lieutenartt of t!ie marines; under whoni weir one (cncant, tw^p corporals, one drumraes and fifteen pri. vatcs. The Ve ft of she ere w conlifted. of three maftqr's mates, fix midfliipmcn, two fu^eon*s nwtes. onecap' tain's clerk, one matter at :kr^s, one coiporal, one Hriuourer, his inate, one fail-maker, hii nutr», three boatfwam's mates, carpentet^s three, gunner^s two, four carpenter's creW, one cook, his ^te, fix quartet ipaftipre, and forty-Hi/i iUe feamen. In the Adventure, Tobias furneaux waicapuin, Jofeph Sti^ntc, and Arthur Ifl^mpe, lieutenants- Pttcr Fannin wa«. appointed naltc^ Bd- \vardJohnsboatfWain,WilliimOnardcarpenter, Andrew Gloag }i;unner, Thonus Andrews furgeon: ofmafier's mate?, midfhipmen, &c. as above, the number was twcnty-cighr, and thirty-three able-bodied feamcn. James Scott was lieiitcnant of the marines, under wholh con>ma;id were one f? rjeaot, one corpoal, one drum« n^sr, and eight pcivatcs. The two fhips were ordered to be got |n readine(« with th^ utniolt expedition, artd both the Navy and Vifluallii^ boards paid aii uncommon a^cn^ion to their equipment 1 even the firfi: lord, of thie. Admiialty vificcd them from time tq time ; in cofi(equenre of which they were not rcfiraincd.by ordinary cAablithmcnts, every extn^ article thought necellary being allowed, in order that they m|a|u he fiued completely... and in every rc^e4 to the fatisni^i^i) of thofe who were to embark in them. Indeed. C>pl. Conk failed with greater ad«^ vantages in this expedition, than any of bis predcccfibrs . who had gone out before on diiiLpveries ) and wc may , venture to fay, no future commander will ever have at commi|Iioaof a raorelibcral kind, i>or he furnilhtd with a greater profufion of the very bell fUves and 9^9- > vi^s^ He had thcj^amc of a veiTcl of tmxmy ton>i,, oneiprofch fhip, to fcrvp ocCafioiu^lly,; or ^pon an\- emergcocy, as tenders: he had po bniniiiQjing-neis,, lines aqd hooks ot every kind; h^ wasfup^icd with, innum/crahlc articles of fn^a^l value-, adapird to th^, comtncrce of the tropical iflandi: .be had on board, additional doathing fur the (camen, particularly fuii^. to a cold climate, to all which were added th« boit in-, firumoip ibr afironomical and nautical obfcrvafions -. > in which were included four timepieces on Mr. Hai-; riibn's principles, conftrudled by Mcfl*. Arnold and Kendal. And that nothing might be wanting to pro> cure information, and that (;ould tend to the uicccfa of. the voyage, a landfcape painter, Mr. William Hodges, was engaffcd for this inuxutant undertaking, accom- panied bji Mr- (now D|^) John Reinhold Foficrand Son, who wi;r^ ^housht the moH proper perfpns fpf the line.' of Natur3|!( Hifrory, to which they were appointed with) parliameittarr encouragement. Mr. William Wales i and Mr. William Bailey, were iikewife engaged to make j aftronomicai obfervations t the former being placed by the board of kuigitude, in tho Refolution, and Mr. Bailey COOK't SECON D VOYAGE— for making Difcovcrie* in the Sou/i Seat tx. Round the ll^orM. 1 09 Bt^ey in the Advenone. Nor muft we omit to tncn- llon the number of medal* ftruck by ordrr of the Lordi of the Admimtty, and intended to be ieft both ai pretent* and tclUmoniei in new difcovered coun> trlet. The two diipi were vt^alled and provided with all manner of neceflariei for a three year* voyage j among ivhich wci« the following extra articles : i . Malt, lor fweet wort, clcfigned for thofe whofe habit of body might engender the fcuryy, and as a remedy for fucn who might be alflldcd with that difordcr. The quan- tity prelcribed for each patient, from one to fix pints a day, at thedifcrction of the furgeon. 2. SourKrout, of which each fcaman was to be allowed two pounds a week. This is cabbage faltcd down, and dole packed in caiks, after having been properly fermented. It is cl^ccrncd by our navigators an excellent antifcorbutic. 3. Cabh.igc cut fmall and failed down, to which is added juniper berries, and annifccds, which arc liko wifc put to the four krout. 4. Portable foup, very notirilhin<:;, and of great utility both for invalids, and thofc that -tre in good health. 5. Oranges, rob of le- mons, and faloup, for the ufc of the lurgcons, to be adniiniftcicd to the fick and fcorbutic only. 6. Mar- m:\Ia(tc (if Carrots, rcconinirnded by Baron iStorch of llerlin, as a vt^ry great antifcorbutic t but it did not as luch anfwcr our cxpcttbtion. I'his fyrup is ex- tradccl from yellow carrots, by evaporating the finer part!), till it is brought to a confillcncc oi treacle, which it much refcmblcs both in tade and colour. 7. Juice of wort and beer, infpiflatcd, as the foregoing article, and intended to fupply at times the place of beer, by mixing it with water. For this we were in- debted to Mr. I'clhim, Secretary of the Viftualling- offitei the comniiffioners of which ordered thirty-one half barrels of this juice to be prepared for trial j nine- teen whereof were (lowed in the Kcfolution, and twelve on bj«rd the Adventure, 'llius all the conveniences necefliiry for the ;prefcrvation of health during a long voyage, were provided in abundance 1 and even fome alterations were nude in the cuftomary articles of pro- vifionsi wheat being fubftitutcd in the room of « quantity of oatmeal, and fugar indead of oil. A propofed voyage attended with fuch extraordinary preparations, patronized by parliament, as well as roval bounty, and the execution of which being fupcrintended by the firft officers of the adminilty, the navy, and by Capt. Cook himfelf. we do not hclitatc to pronounce one of the mod important that w as ever perlbrmed iu any age, or by any country j and we may alfo with truth alTert, that the aole navigator made choice of by his majeliy, was equal to the talk in which he was embark- ed. Every thinking pcrfon cannot but admire his (kill, his fortitude, his care of his men, his vigilance in at- |tending to the minuted intimations of former r.ivi^a- tors, his perfevcrance ainidH the dangors and hardlhi{>s of rigorous fcafons, his prowefs in leading his com- pany jud fo far as the<- were capable of proceeding ; in thort, his condud throughout, which, while he kept every man fingly in (Irid obedience to his duty, he conciliated theaffedions of all, and I'ecurcd their elleem. The Hiflory of his Second Voyage, which we arc now about to fubmit to the judgement of our numerous Sub- fcribcrs, will, we are perfuaded, confirm the truth of this opinion ; and we are happy in having received their unanimous approbation of the maps, chart;, portraits, and views, wnich have been hitherto introduced, and which are all engraved froiA the originals by our mod eminent artids. We hope for a continuance of their good opinion, which, in the execution of this v» ork, wc mall endeavour by all laudable means to merit and pre- ferve. =Stl BO O K IL CHAP. I. Sbf Endfozctir Uthcs her dftariiire frm Dfpt/orJ—^Toucbts at the Ifland of St. yaro, m of the Cape de f^erJt-^Purfuei her voyage to the Cape of Good Hope— Account oftranfallimu there , and incidents that happened in her pajfage — Her de- parture frm the Cape— Continues her voyage infeatcb rf a Southern Continent— Sequel of this /earcb, betxcern tlje tiundian oft It Cape of Good Hope and that of New Zealaiid— Separation veniently purchafe. The Madeira, or Madera iflandi are only three in number; namely, Madeira, properly fo called 1 the ifland of Puerto, or Porto Santo ; and Ifla Deferta, or the Dcfolate Iflc. They are fitnatcd to the N. of the Salvages, and in the Atlantic ocean, between thirty- two and thirty-three deg. and feventccn and eighteen dcj- W. longitude, two hundred and fifty miles N. by E. fron) Tcncriff, three hundred and fixty from Catie Cantin on the coafl of Africa, and three hundred N. of the illand of larro. They were thus named from the principal of them, which was called by the Portu- piezc Madeira, tignifying a wood or forefl, from ^t« being overgrow n w jth trees. They were tirft difcovered by an Englifli gentleman, and manv years after by the Ponu^clc ! and as there is fometning extremely (in- gular in both thefe occurrences, but more particularly the firtt, we^thall, for the entertainment of our rea- ders, relate the circumflances attending it. In the reign of Edward III. king of England, a young gentleman, named Robert Machin, conceived a violent paflion for Ann D'Arfet. a beautiful and ac- compliflicd lady of a noble family. Machin. with re- (\>cH CO birth and fortune, was inferior to the lady ; but his perfonal qualifications overcame every fcruple on that account. :ind the rewarded his attachment with a reciprocal afl^edion. Their friends, however, beheld the young gentleman in a different light ; they fancied their blood would be contaminated by an alliance w ith one of a lower rank, and therefore determined tofacri- fice the happinefs of the young lady, to the hereditary pride of blood, and theirown mercenary and interefted motives. In confequence of thefe ideas, a warrant was procured from the king, under the fandion of which Machin was apprehended, and kept in clofe confinement, till the objc rofe colou|-: here ateaUbdie niaflic an4 CC#01 t S R('ON f i VOY AG B—for making Dijitvtriti in th« Stuth Stmi fc Round th« IfVA/. 1 1 j is com* eight, cx- wnich, on ith vinc- incrchants ntlcr the rate than fertile in ndalmod ood rivers, hint to leira from incrcafc of foil. I, pcachcs». Its ; with ions (vLC. :tion : and tmeats of eel in pre- narmaladc •fc of Ge- ld has the the fiift feton foot, •fterwai-dft extremely. Hand were :cad, that of Lord by Pro, [ants of the trait, tall, __ of th« dbe nu(li« an4 and n'liii-iU igoi' tiwi i and bWWtrs iiuit-trcc* rheic yn I • variety of ■•»>■,: urn, which are common btJth to Furo^ and Afru.t. The evertallinft-Howcr it a (treat curioCity i for when It » uluckcd it caimot \k perceived to fiide I it Rfowa like hmc, flawem like camonille, and always appcan frcfli and bbpr^inv. Vinca atr in abundance I and from the gra^M's which they produce • vi^ quarwity of the nwft tkliikHu winei arc made. Indeed tlw foil i« To well adapted tor the cultivation of vinei, that the ffrapc* exceed the leaves in number, and fome of the bunches are futcrn jt eighteen inches in length. Here are fevcral forts of thel'e wine* ; one is pf the colour of champagne, but is not much valued: another fort is a white wine, much Dronger than the former. A third fort is excellent, and refcinble» malm- fy, it beinu of the fame nature with that which grows in TcncrilF : and another rcfembles Alicaiu wine, but is much inferior to it in talte, and is never drank alone, but mixed with the other forts, to which it gives a colour and llrangth to keep. It is obfervabic nf the Madeira wiiils, that they are greatly improved by the heat of the fun, when cxpoTed to it in the barrel, after the bung is taken out. In the whole iflaml they an. nuallv make about twenty-eight thoufand pipes, eight thoufand of which are drank there, and the rel> export- ed, the greateil part being fent to the Weft-lndic». The wines that arc liraugnt direClly to tjigland, are not equal in goodnefs to uich as are firft carried to the \Veft'lBdicsi and thei/ Havour is exceedingly hcieh encd, if they remain fmne time in Barbaaacs. Tlv praduift ai each vineyard is ufually divided cqua!i) between the proprietor, and the pcrfon who gathert and prcfl'cs tne grapes ; it commonly happens, how. ever, that while mt merchant is rich, the gatherer is poor. The people here trade among themfclves, or barter. . The principal town in the whole ifland is Fonchal, or Funchiale, and is fcated in the fouth part of the ifland at the bottom of a large bay, in bititudc 31 de^. 33 min. ')4 fee. N. and in 1 7 dcg. 1 3 min. W. longi- tude. We deduced the longitude from lunar obfcrva- tions, and Mr. Wales reduced the fame for the town by Mr. Kendal's watch, which makes the kMgitude of Fimchiale, 17 deg. 10 min. 14 fee. W. Towaida the fca it is fonilicd by a high wall, with a battery of can. non, betides a ca fome Englith proteftants, and a prodigious num^vr of negroes and mulattoes, both freemen and flaves. ''."■■". ftrocts arc ftraight. and drawn by a line, anu . / fcoufes are puBtty well built 1 their ohurch« are well- built beautiful Urudures, enriched with gilding, fine pi<3ures, and plate, and people arefaid to mert m (hem ■pan buiincfs that has little relation to dc^ . .«n. Thofc women who have no domefVir ■ .tipeU, never {»» church bat on Sundays md ol.days; when, if inerc be teveral daughters, they walk two and two before the mother, each having a large thin vail over her face ; butsheir biwft, and ihoulden vHt quite b«re. ^ their tide walks » venerable old man, Wifh a flrinc| ofheada in hiii hand, tind anMd with afword and dM- ger. Thia town is the 'fee of a bithop, ,who hu the wholcjnandimderhisfpiriti»liorifdi^ion.and iafiif- fragan to the artlhblihop df iLilbon. The covtrtvr of the iOand sNb ralides here. In the Uand are two other towns 1 one called Man- •5*"' *hfcii has a church named Santa C™«, or the >Mf CroA, and a convent of Bemardine-frian 1 the o*er town 11 named Moncertto. In fhort, the iOimd toly cemainedthirty-flx parithtt. a eollege, and a mo- awcry of jefuiia, Ave other rooitafterica, eighty-two • No. tj. ..-^.. .• 1 ,-. hcmiitaccs, and five hoTpitals. There are feveral fine feaia and callles about the country, in which the mer> chants chicAy rtlide. The ordinary fond of the poorer people, in the time of vintage, is little rife than bread ami rich grapes 1 and were it not for their abftcmiiHirnrfs. fever* in the hot feafons would be frequent 1 hrrcfnre even the rich, in the hot months, are very ninderate in their diet and drinking. Ilie generality of the people »9iei\ great gravity in their deportment, and ufually drefs in bbck 1 •It they cannot difpenfe with the fpado ami (higgcr, which even fervants wear 1 fo that yiMi may fee a fimt- inan waiting at table with a fvord ni leaf) a yard long, and a arrat balkct hilt to it. The houfes iit geiK-ral are plain, as the inhabitants put themfilvrs at no great expence in ftimilliing them. The windows arc I'ecured by wooden lliutters nt night, and inOcad of beiiij; (I'.lnxed, are latticed. With rcfpeCt to their piar- riai^ci, arteClion is never conlidered, the principal en- quities are into family deftent and circumftaarcs 1 the women arc pnihibitcd from marrying Englillimcn. nr- lefs the latter confcnt to einbrare the Roma;i cathtlic religion. Murders are very frequent, on account of the great numbers of places deemed fan«ihiarics, and the cafe with which a murderer can thereby fcrecnhim- felf from julHcc. But if the criminal is taken before he can reach the fanrtuaiy, the puniHiment is only either baiiirtiinci.i or iinprifonmcnt, both which, by a pecuniary comp' .cion, may be evaded. Here arc a grc .t number of clergy, who arc gcnerali)r ri< h; but nine who arc defccnded from Moors or Jew* are arJmitt.;'' to take orders. The churches are made rcf. 'itorie for the dead, and the corpfe is curioufly drcfTcd and adorned: yet in i» interment, (\oreof lime is ufed, i order tc mfunir the body as fpccdily at pofFble, which ufu ' ' happens in a fortnight 1 fo that there is then ro«"" .,» anotner corpfc. The bodies of protcftanti are it allowed to be nuricd, but mutt be throw intr the tea 1 neverth' '"■ they are oermitted to be int nt '. .n confecrated grc/.. .'., providcti a handfome (urn "f m< "ly is paid to the clergy. Pii.-rto Santo is generally tenricd one r ' &.. Madeirik idands, and lies to the north-eaft of Miu .i.iv, jn 3i dcg. 30 min. N. latitude, and in 16 deg. 5 min. W^ longitude from London, and is only about 1 j miles in circumference. It was difcovered in the year 141 2, b» two Pbrtuguefe gentlemen, one of whom was Eton Juan Gonft"' >>, fent by prince Henry, fon to John I. king of Portugal, to double Cape Bajador, in order to mako farther difcoveries i but being furprifcd by a violent ftorm, were driven out to lea, and, when they gave themfelves over for loll, had the happinefs to find thia idand, which proving a fafe afylum to them, they called, it Puerto Santo, or the Holy Port. This ifland produces wheat and other com, juft fulfil cient for the lupport of the inhabitants : here aHb are plenty of oxen, wild hogs, and a vatl number of rabbits. There arc trees which produce the gum called dragon's blood, and likewifc a little honey and wax, which arc extremely good. It has properly no harbour, but thc^ is good mooring in the road, which affords a convenient retreat for (hips going to Africa, or coming from the Indies 1 fo that merchantmen often ftop there, which affords confiderable profit .to the inhabitants, %ha arc defcended from the Portuguefe, to whqm the ifland is fut^edi. The inhabitants are all Roman cathoiicks, 'being under the fpiritual jurifdiiftion ocf the biffiop of ^mami in Madeira. They would live a very quiet ■ life, were' it not for the pirates, who often pay mem troublefome vifits. In the year 161 7, they landed here, and carried off fix hundred and fixty-three prifonen, befides plundering the place. There is a little ifland called the De&rt, which t«p9. ducea only orchilla-weed, and fonve goats are on lies on the eaft-fide of Madeira, at about fix lea^,.. s difhuice. On Saturday the ift of AugulV, havjng (lowed on. board a fupply of water, wine, and othef necetTaries, we fet fail, ioH fight of Madeira, and flood to the 3 F fouthwart). m ■\'k ' Il* Capt. COOK 'a VOYAGES COMPLETE. i; 1 1 fouthward, with a gentle gale at N. E. On Tucrday the 4th, we faw the pleafant ifland of Palma, bearing S. S. W. diftant about three or fbUr leagues. Thii it one of the Canary iflea. It may be feeh, on account of its height, twelve or fourteen leagues at fea, and lies in latituM 38deg. i8 min. N. and in 17 deg. 58 min. W. longitude. (^ WcdncTday, the 5th, we paflcd the ille of Ferro, at the diftance of fourteen leagues. The ifland of Palma lies about fifty miles to the W. of Tencriffe, and two hundred W. of the continent of Africa. It is about thirty miles long, twenty broad, and feventy is ciicuit. On the N. E. part of the ifland, within land, is a high and fpacious mountain, deep on all fides. This is called La Caldera, or the cauldron, from a hollow like that on the pike of Tencriffe. The fummit is about two leagues in circumference, and on the infidc the cauldron dcfcends gradually from thence to the bottom, which is a fuace of about thirty acres. On the declivity of the infidc fpring fcvcral rivulets, which joining together at the bottom, ifTucin one dream through a pafl*age to the outfide of the mountain from which this brook defccnds ; and having run fomc dif- tancc from thence, turns two fugar-mills. The water of this ftream is unwholefomc, on account of its being mixed with fome water of a pernicious quality in the cauldron ; all .the infide of which abounds with her- bage, and is covered with palms, pitch-pine, laurel, lignum-rhodium, andrctamas; which laflhave in this ifknd a yellow bark, and grow to the fizc of large trees ; but in the others they are only flirubs. The people here take great care not to let the he-goats feed on the leaves of the rctama, on account of their b<^cding a Oonc in the bladder, which is mortal. Two rivulets fpring on the outfide of the cauldron ; one of thefe runs nonh- ward to the village of St. Andrew, and turns two fu- gar-mills, and the other runt to the town of Palmas, which lies to the eaftward. Thefe arc the only rivu- lets or dream« of any confequenre in the ifland : on which account the natives build tanks, or fquare refer- voirs with planks of pitch-pine, which they make tight with caulking. Thefe they fill with the torrents of rain-water that in the winter feafon rufli down from the mounuins, and preferve it for thcmfclves and cattle: but the flieep, goats, and h(»t, in places at a diflance from the rivulets, feed almolt all the year round on the roots of fern and afphodil, and therefore have little or no need of water, there bemg moiflure enough in thofe roots to fupply the want of that element. "Hiough the Ibuth quarter of the ifland is moll deftitute of water, yet there is a medicinal well of hot water fo clofc to the fca-fliorc, that the tide flows into it at full fea. At Uguer is a cave, that has a long narrow entrance, fo tlraignt that people pafs through it backwards, with their face to the moutn of the cave ; but after they have got through this paflage, thev enter a fpacious grotto, where water diflils from octween the laige Hakes of flate ftones that hang from the roof: the lead blow given to thefe, refoundt with a noife like thunder through the cave. In the diftricfl of Tifuya is a mountain, wnich appears to have been removed by an earthquake from iu original fituation. The natives have a tradition, that the loot on which it now (lands was a plain, and the molt fertile fpot in the whole ifland, till it was deflroyed bv the burning lava/ and the fall of the mounuin. Indeed, the cflTeds of vol- canos arc to be feen in almod every part of the ifland t for the channels where the burning matter, melted ores, and calcined ftones and aflics ran, may be cafily dif- tinguiflied by a curious obferver. Nunno de Pcnna, in his Hiftorical Memoirs, relaus, that on the 13th of November xf>^^, a little after fun-fct, the earth fhook for thirteen leamies with a dreadful noifc, that conti- nued five days, during which it opened in fcvcral places ; but the greatcftgap was upon the mountain of ta Cal- Q dcra, a mile and a half from the fea, from whence pro- ceeded aercat fire, which cafl up (tones and pieces of rock. Tne like happened in feveral places thcitabouu, and 'in Icfs than a quarter of an hour were twenty- right gaiM about the foot of the mounuin, which caft forth abundance of flames and burning ftones. The fame perfon adds, that on the 10th of November fol- lowing, there was a fecond eruption of the fame mount, from whence came forth ftones and fire, with great earthquakes and thunders for feveral days, fo that black cinders were taken up at fcven leasues diftance : the adjacent ground was entirely wafted, and the inhabi- tants forced to quit their dwellings. The lafl volcano that happened in this ifland wu in 1750, when one of thefe rivers of fire ran, with great rapidity, from the mounuins towards the town of Pklmas, and difcharged itfelf about a mile to the northward of the town, out we have not learnt that any confiderable eruption hath happened fince that time. < If we take a view of Palma at the diftance of three leagues oHT at fea, the mountains feem full of gutters or beds formed by torrents of rain water ; but thefe only appear little from their height and diftance ; for we find them to be large vallies, abounding with woods, on a nearer approach. In many places on the Ihoreof this and the other iflands, is found the black (hining fand ufcd to throw upon writing, to prevent its blotting. It appears to have been caft out of volcanos, for the load hone, when held near it, will draw up every grain of it. The air, weather, and winds arc nearly the fame as at Teneriff and Canaria, except that the wefterly winds and rain arc more frequent at Palma, on account of its lying more to the weftward and northward, and on that account is not fo far within the verge of the N. E. trade winds as thofe iflands > whence it is particu- larly expofcd to the S. wind, which moftly prevails in the latitudes adjacent to thofe of the N. E. trade-windv as well as to variable winds from other quarters. The climate here, and in Tenerifl!e, Canaria, and Goincra, differs greatly, according as a perfon lives in the mountains, or near the fea flwrc. Ehiring a calm, the heat feems almoft intolerable near the fhorc, in the months of July, Auguft and September ; but the air is at the fame time quite frefh and pleafant on the mounuins. In the middle of winter the houfea upon thefe, fomc of which are near the ckiuds, muft be cx> tremely cold, and the natives keep fires burning ia their habiutions all day long 1 but this is far from be- ing the cafe near the fea, where "Sey ufe fires only in their kitchens. The fummiu of all the Canary ifles, except Lancerou and Fuerteventura, are generally co< vered with fnow for eight months in the year. The fummit of Palma formerly abounded with trees, buts great drought in 1 54$ deftroyed them all ; and though others began to fpring up fome time after, they were deftroyed by the rabbits and other animals, which find- ing no pafture below, went up there, and deftroyed all the young fhrubs and trees, lb that the upper part of the ifland is at prefent quite bare and dcfolate. Before the trees and fhrubs were deftroyed, a great deal of manna fell there, which the natives gathered and fenc to Spain. The rabbits were firft brought to Palma by Don Pedro Fernandez de Lago, the Icvned lieutenant- general of Tencriffe, and have fincc encreafcd in a fur- prifing manner. Pahna affords nearly the fame produdiont as Ca- naria, but a great quantity of fugar is made here, par- ticularly on the S. W. fide of the ifland. The princi- pal port is called by the fame name, and is fituatcd on the routh fide of the ifland. The road is about a quar- ter of a mile from the fhore, where veflels generally ride in fifteen or twenty fathoms water s and with good anchors and cables, notwithfbnding the cafteriy winds, tlicy may ride with great fafetv in all the winds that blow in this part of the world. The town is large, containing two parifh churches, feveral convenu, with many private building], though they arc neither fa good nor fo large as thofe in the city of Palnus in Ca- naria, or of the towns in TenerilTe. Near the mde ia a caftle or battrry, mounted with fome pieces of can* non, for the defence of the fliips in the bay, and to pre-J vent the landins of ati enemy. There are no other townsof notein Talmai but many villages, the chief of which is called St. Andrew, where uicre are four engines for the nuking of fugar; but the laQd hcre- abouik Mtadki COOK'S SECOND VOYAOE-*for fnaking biJMirki in the Stuth Seas & Round the fTor/Ji 1 1 5 abouU is very poor, (a that the inhabiunts are run>l>ctl from the idand of TpnciiiTt w'.th grain and other rte- ccflary articles. For the amufement of uninformed reac«rs, wethall here add an account of the ifland of Ferroi and alfo a particulardefcription of theprefent natives of the iflanda of Canaria, TcnerifTc, Pialma. Gomera. andFerro; their pcrfons. habit, diet, buildings, manners, cuHoms, &c. The Spaniards call the ifland of Fcrro, Hierro, and the French the ifle de Fer, or the ifland of Iron : it is the mod weflcrly of all the Canaries, and is about thirty miles loim, fifteen broad, and fcventy-fivc in circumference. The French navi^tors formerly placed in the center of this ifland their firft meridian for reckoning the longitude, as the Dutch did theirs at the pike of Tcncrifte ; but at prefent moft geographers reckon their fird meridian from the capital of their own country, as the Englilh from London, the French from Paris, &c. It bcmg more convenient, and con« veying a more diftindt idea to fay. that fuch a place is fo many leagues diflant E. or W. from the capital of his own country, than to reckon the longitude from a diftant land. This ifland of Fcrro rifcs on all fides ftccp and craggy from the fca-ftjore above a league, fo as to render the afcent extremely difficult and fatiguing ; but after tra- velling thus far, the reft of the ifland will be found to be tolerably level and fruitful, abounding with many kinds of trees and (hrubs, and producing better grafs, herbs, and flowers, than any of the other iflands, whence bees thrive and multiply here in a very extraordinary manner, and excellent honey is made by them. There arc but few fpringo in the whole ifland ; and on account of the fcarcity of water, the (Iieep, goats, and fwine, do not drink in fummer, but quench their thirfc at that feafon, by digging up and chewing the rrou of fern. The great cattle are watered at a place where water diftils from the leaves of a tree. Many authors have made mention of this tree, fome of whom reprefent it as miraculous ; while others deny its very exiftence : but the author of the hiftorv of the Difcovcry and Conqueft of the Canary Iflands, gives a particular ac< count of it, which we fluU here infert for the fadsfac- tion of the curious. In the cliff or flcep rocky afcent by which the whole ifland is furrounded, is a narrow gutter which com- mences at the fea, and is continued to the fummitof the clilf, where it joins, or coincides, with a valley termi- nated by the ftecp front of a rock, on the top of which grows a tree called in the language of the anticnt inha- bitants garie, or facred, which for nuiny years has been Srefeived entire, found, and frefh. Its leaves con- antly diftil fo great a quantity of water, that it is fuf- ficicnt to furntfh drink to every living creature in Hierro, nature having provided this remedy for the drought of the ifland. It is diRind from other trees, and ftands by itfelf : iu trunk is about twelve fpans in circumference ; its height from the ground to the top of the higheft branch is forty fpans, and the circum- ference ot all the branches t<^ether is one hundred and twenty feet. The branches are thick and extend- ed, and the loweft begin about the height of an eU from die eround. Its fruit refembles an aconi, but taftes like the kernel of a pine apple, only it is Ibfter, and niore aromatic ; and the leaves refemUe thoTe of the laurel, but are larger, wider, and more curved. Thefe come forth in a perpetual fucceflion, whence the tree always remains green. Near it grows a thorn, which fallens on man)r of in branches, with which it is in- terwoven, and Ibme beech trees, brefos. and thorns, are at a fmall diflancc from it. On the north fid« of the trunk are two large tanks or ciftems of rou^ ftone, or rather one ciftcm divided ; each half beiiw twenty feet fquare, and fixtecn fpans deep. One of thefe con- uins water for the drinking ot the inhabitauu, and the other that which they ufe for their cattle, wafliinK. and the like purpoTes.' A cloud or mift riib from the fea every morning, which the fouth and callcriy winds force againft the •bovc-mentioncd fteep cliff, when the cloud having no vent but by the gutter, gradually afccnds it, and ad- vances flowly from thence to the extremity of the val- ley, and then refls upon the wide-fpreading branches of the tree, from whence it diftils in drops during the re- mainder of the day, in the fame manner as w »:cr drips from the leaves of^ trees after a heavy fliowcr of rain. This diftillation is not peculiar to the tree, for the brefos which grow near it alfo drop water ; but their leaves being only ttw and narrow, the quantity is fo trifling, that though the natives fave fome of it, yet they nuke little account of an^ but what diftils froni the tree j which, together with the water of fome fprings, is fufficient to ferve the natives and their cat.* tie. It has been remarked, that this tree yields moft water in thofe years when the cafterly winds have mofl prevailed ; for by them alone the clouds or mifts are drawn hither from the fea. A perfon lives near the fpot on which the tree grows, who is appointed by the council to take care of it and its water, and is al- lowed a certain falary, with a houfc to live in. He daily diftributes to each family of the diftrid feven vefTels filled with water, bcfidcs what he gives to the principal perfons of the ifland. Mr. Glafs fays, he is unable to determine whether the tree which yields water at prefent be the fame here defcribed, but juftly obfervcs, that it is probable there have been a fucceflion of them. He himfclf did not- fee this tree, for this is the only ifland of all the Ca'- naries which he did not vifit ; but he obkrvcs, that he has failed with the natives of Hierro, who, when quef- tioned about the exiftence of this tree, anfwcred in the affirmative; and takes notice, that trees yielding wa- ter are not peculiar to this ifland, fince one of the fame kind in the ifland of Sc. Thomas, in the gulfof Guincy, is mentioned by fome travellers. By reafon of a fcarcity of water, the foil, in fome parts of this ifland, is very barren ; but in others it is fertile, and produces all the necclTary articles for the fupport of the inhabitants. The fhcep, goats, and hogs, that are brought up in thofe parts difiant from the rivulets, feed almoft all the year round on the roots of fern and afphodil, and therefore have little occafion for water, as the want of that element is fupplied by the great moifhire that is naturally in thofe roots. There is only one finall town in this ifland, and the moft diftinguilhed building in it is a parifli church. Many fmallvillagcs are difperfed about the town, but there are not any of them that deferve a particular de- fcription. Small cattle, brandy, honey, and orchilla weed, are the chief articles of the trade carried on by the inhabi- tants of this ifland. As to the original natives of the ifland of Ferro, we are told by travellers, that before it was rendered' fub- jed to Spaiii they were of a middle ftature, and cloathed with the fkint of^bcafts. The men wore a cloak of three flieep-fkins fewed together, with the woolly fide out- wards in fummer, and next their bodies in winter. Tlie women alfo wore the fame kind of cloak, befidea which thc^ had a petticoat, which reached down to the middle of^ their legs. They fewed their fkins widi thongs cut as fine as thread, and for needles ufed fmall bones (harpencd. They wore nothing on their heads, and their long hair was made up into a number of fmall plaitt. They had Oioes nude of the raw fltint of fheep, iMjgs, or goau. Thefe people had a grave turn of mind, for all their longs were on ferioiis fubjeds, and fet to flow i^intive tunes, to which they danced in a rii^ joining hands, and lometimes jumping up in Kirs, fo regularly that they feciiKd to be united; they II piadife in Ferro this manner of dancing. Their * dwellings confifted of circular inclofures, formed by a fUme wSl without cement, each having one narrow en- trance. On the infide they placed poles or fpars againft the wall, one end rcfting on the top, and the other ex- tending a coofiderable diftancc to the ground ; and thefe they covered with fern, or blanches of trees. Each of thefe inck>fuj-es contained about twenty fami- lies. A bundle of fern, with goat-fltin fpread over it. iecved thqn for a. bed, and for bcd-cloaths and covcr-r ings IV ii6 Cipt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. n i -t im ^ in^ they ufcd drcflcd seiaC flcini to keep them warm. Bctore they offiercd the breaft to a new-born child, they gave it fern roots roafted, bruifed, and mixed with but- ter; andarprefcntthe^givethemflourand barley-meal roailed, ana mixed with bniilcd chee(c. The nativei ufiially bake the fleih of Ihcep, goats, and hogsi and as they had no kind of grain, their bread was made of fern roots, of which, with milk and but- ler, the principal part of their diet was compofcd. One king governed them all ; and having never any occalion to go to war, had no warlike weapons: they indeed carried long Ifaivcs i but thefe were only to aflift them in travelling i for the country being fe rocky, as to make it necefFary frequently to leap from one ftone to another, this they performed by means of thefe poles. Polygamy was not allowed ; but they had no redric- tions with refpeifl to their marriages, except a man's not being allowed to marry his mother or Itdcri for every man misht uke the woman he liked belt, and whole confent nc could obtain, without the lead regard to rank or nobility. Indeed all, except the king, were in this rcfpcd tipon an equality: the only difhiK^n amona them connftcd in the number of their ik>cks. It was ufual for the man, when he chofe a wife, to make a prefent of cattle to her father, according to his ability, m return for the favour of letting him have his daugh- ter. The king received no particular tribute from his fubje<5iS| and every one made him a prefent of cattle; for they were not obliged to give him any thing, but ac- cording to their plcaforc or circumflances. At a fcaft, they killed one or two fat lambs, accoiding to the num- ber of their gucfts : thefe they placed in a veflcl on the ground, fitting round it in a circle, and never rifing till they had eaten the whole. Thefe feafts are flill continued among their defccndants. If a perfon icll lick, they rubbed his body all over with butcer and (hcep's marrow, covering him well up to keep him warmi but when a nun happened to be wounded, they burned the part affeded, and afterwards anointMl it with but- ter. They buried their dead in caves ; artd if the de- ccafcd was a man of wealth, they interred him in his tfloaths, and pat a board at his feet, and the pote he ufcd to travel with at his tide; and, in order to pre- vent his being devoured by ravens, they clofed the mouth of the cave with fl^nes. . Murder and theft were the only crimes for which they inHicted corporal puniihment. The ntmderer was put to death in the fame manner as he had killed the dcctafcd : and the thief, for the lirft oiffence, was pu- •ilhcd with the lois of one of bis eyes, and lor the fc- cond, of the other. This was done that ht might not fee to Ileal any more. The office of executioner on thefe occalions, wai pe i fann ed by a partfcutar perfon fct apart for thitt purpole. \s to their religion, they worfhipped two deities^ (snc of whom was male, the other female ,* the mtrie was named Eraorancan, ahd #as the ol:geA of ific men's adoration ; the other, worfhipped by the women, was called Moncyba. I'hey had no inuwes, or vifible re- prefcntatinns of thefe deities ; nor did they ever facri- fice to them, but only prayed to them fn their nccef- lities, as when tiKy wanted rain to bring nthi graft for the fubttftence of their cattle. &c. i he natives pretended, that when the gods were inclined to do (hem good, they came fo the illand, and flighted on two great rocks, which are in a place to which they gave the name of VeHta/ca, whefe they received the petitions of the peopli', and afterwatds returned to their cctcftial abode ; thefe rttcks are how called by the Spaniards Los Antillos die l6s AhfiqiMs, «r the hillsof ^e antients. We Ihall now give a particular defoription of the prefent natives ot CSnaria, TenerifTe, Pilma, Gotnera, and Fcrro, with anaccowttof their'perfent,dfe ahnoft unintelligible manner, fo that they are fcarcelf underftoodby fltrai^rs. The greateft part of the nativa are fmall of (lature. well mide, and have good featttres j but they ai« more fwnrthy than the inhabitants of the fouthem ports of Spain; their eyes, however, are fine, large, and fpark-. ling, and their countenances exceedingly exprelfivei but the old people have a very difagreeabie afpei5t'. Peo« pie of diftindion wore in common a camblet cloak of a dark red or Mack cel6ur, a Ibien night-cap, bordered with lace; and :i broad flouched hat. When they pay vifits, a coat, fword, and white peroke are addetJ, the latter of which fbrm a very odd contrail to theif dulky complexions, and what is Hill mote Angular, they keep their large douched hat upon their heads always in the houfe ; but when they are out of doors, they carry them under their arm. Neither do they put on their perukes, upper coats, or fwords, but when they walk m proceffion, pay formal vifitt, or gato church, on high fedivals. The lower clafs of people wear their own black, bufliy hair, and tuck fome ofit behind the right ear ; and their principal garment is a white loofe coat with a friar's cape, and girded round the middle with a fafli. This garment is long and narrow, and made of the wool of their own dieep. Women of inferior rank wear a piece of gauze on their heads, which falls dowh the Ihoulders. is pinned under the chin, and covers the neck and bread. A Eart of their drefs is a broad^irimmed douched hat, ut they ufe this with mote propriety than the men ; foe abroad they wear it bpon their heads, whereby their faces are fcrecned from the fcorchitw beams of the fun. They throw a mantle over their dioulders, the ^odnefs of which is in proportion to the condition of the wearer. Thev wear jackets indead of days, and are all very fond of s Kteat number of pettkoats. The principal kidies of Grand Caniria and Tenerifle dtcfi after the fiidimn of France and England, and pay vifits in cha- riots J but none walk the dreets without being vailed, though fome are fo carelefs in the ufe of their vails, that thejr take care to let their faces and necks be feen. Some bdies have their hair cMriottdv plaited, and bftened to the crown of their head with a gold comb, Theif mantles are very rich, and they wear a profofion ol jewels ; but they imiet their appearance ridicutous to drangers, from that chimfihefs or drcTs, andaukward-* nc6 of gait, which is obfervable in both fexes. The poorer fort of people are afflided with manjr toathfomediforclers, atid are naturally verv filthy ; the gentry, however, affed great dejicKcy. Both fexes go every morning tohear mals; aha mod of them go be* fore they take any refreflnnent. Their breakfidl is, ufually chocolate : they dine at neon : and fhut up the dbors till three o'clock. People in good cireumfhincea have four ^ourfiis brouffht to table. The fird dilh con- fdhoT Ibup niodeef Mef, mutton, pork, bacon, po- tatoes, turhlps. carrots, onions, and faflron, dewed Ther, itim thin iKces of biead put into the difh. fecond courfe confids of riiifted meat, fowls, &c. The third is the olio, or ingredients cf which the foup was made. After «rhich, comes the defht, confiding of fruit and IWeet-M^tB. The company drink iinteiy^ of wine, or wine ahd trater, while at dinner ; but have: no wirie after the cloth is lemoved. While drinking^ (heir :o«fls ihre much Kke ours. When dmner is over, a laigc filver difli, filled with water, is fct upon the ta- ble ; when the whole companV', all at once, *-adi in lt» and then a fervant, vfko'flanas at 'the lowc<-i(nd of the table, tfries, " BleflM and pratfed be the mod holy fa- crament of the altar, and the clear and purt conccptiorf of the nrioft holy virgin, conceived in grace from the Slit tnftMt of her MMral exiftence. I^n and gen- tiemen, rtnich gtJOd may it do you ?" After which, making a low bSw » the company, he retires. Thcy^ then me. and cadi goes lo his apartment, to tike a nap for about an heur^'whieh droves a great refirefhment ia this warm climate. Thofe of higfwr fhrtiMts have ge- nenillyafrlarlbroneorthenrgfleRs, who we may fup. pofc is the CMfttiir to fome of the fiimily, and frc- I^fMuHf baliana wMi graac nukMcfi ; yft neither the I malkr COOK'S SECO^^D VOYAGEi-for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the fTor/J. 1 1 7 nufter of the hourc, rtof arty of the tomptUty, chufe to ukc much notice of it. Mr. Clafi wa» once invited to dine with a gcndcrtutrt, where a Franc ifcan friar' made one of the connpany ; but no fooner had they begun to eat. than the friar aiked him if he wat a chris- tian? HeanfWcred, that he hoped fo. He was then defircd to rehcarft the Apoftlc's creid 5 but anfwering, that he knew nothinc about it, the reverend father ftared full in his face, and exclaimed, " O thou black afs !" OtTcndcd at thia piece of ill manners, our author a(kcd, wiiathe meant by tre:arbary. Some think their being fubjeA to the itch, is owing tb their eating fo much a( this lad food. In the fum'mer feafon ficlh filli is pretty plentiful, but more fcarce and dear at other times of the yiar. People of rank here have houfcs two ftorics high, which are handfomc ri]uare buildings, of ftonc and mortar, with an open court in the middle like our pub- lic inns in Kngland. and like them have balconies run- ning round, voiich are on a level with the floor Of the feconJ llory. The flrcet-door is placed in the middle of the front of the houfe, and within that door is a fe- cond, the fpace between them being the breadth of the rooms of tnc houfe. The court.yard, which is on the inlidc, is large or fmall according to the fizc of the building, and i$ ufually paved with flags, pebbles, or other ftoncs. In the centre of the court is a fqu;>re or circular ftoAe-wall about four feet high, flilcd with earth, which arc ^.ommoniy planted orange, banana, or m dthcr trees common in thefe parts. The lower ftory of each quarter of the houfe confifls entirely of ftore- f'ooms, or cellars. The flairs leading to the focond ftory ufually begin at the right or left hand comer of the entrance of the c^ourt, and confifl of two flights of fleps, which lead into the gallery, frpm which one may enter any room on the fecond ftory. The princi- pal apartments are generally in that quarter of the houfe facing the ftrect. which contains a hail with an apart- ment at each end. Thefe rooms are the whole breadth of the quarter, and the hall is twice the length of any of the apartments at its extremities. The wmdows of thefe rooms are formed of wooden lattices, curioufly wrought J none of them looking inwards to the court ; but tncy arc all in the outflde wall. Some great houfes have balconies in the middle of the front, on the out- tide above the gate, cqtial \t'ith the floor of the fecond ftory : and fomc have a gallery which runs from one <;nd of the front to the other, but the outfide of the houfe has feldom any. They whitc-wafli all the apart- nunts ; and thofc at the extremities of the great halls. With fomc of the reft, arc lined with fine mats about five feet high, and the floor is fomctimes covered with the fame, 'fhe fides of the windows of ail the rooms are lined with boards to prevent people's cloaths being w hitcned ; for they coniiiionly fit in the window, there being benches. on each fide of it for that purpofc ; and when the mafter of the houfe intends to fliew a ftrangcr fvCpeii, he always condudfa^ him to the window, t» con- virfc with him. The grtat halli and the walUi of fome of the apartments, anThung with paintings, reprefent- ing the virgin, the twelve apoftles, faints, and martyrs. ufually drawn as large as lilt, and diftinguiflied by fomc ciroiniftance of their Wftory. Thus St. PWer it ufually reprefented looking at a cock and Weeping, and a gmt bunch of keys always hangs at hiftglrdle. St. AnAony preaching to the flfl«M, is one of flfcir fiivourite paint- uigs. Their beds have feldom any curtaim, for thefe they confider as receptaclea Sir fleas and bugs, which No. i^ abound hete extremely. They chiefly ufe matrafles fprcad on the flbor upon fine matst bcfides the Ihects, there is a blanket and above that a filk quilt. The ftieets, pillows, and quilt are frequently fringed or pinked, like the fliroUds ufed for tlie dead with us. There is a place, in a particular apartmehti raifed a ftep higher than the floor, covered with mats or carpets ; and there the women generally fit together upon cuftii- ons, both to receive vifits from their own fex, andgive dircdtions concerning their houftiold aflairs. fhc houfcs of the peafants and loWcr fort of pcople,though only one ftory high, are built of ftonc and lime, and the roofs cither thatilied or tiled. Thefe are generally neat, clean, and commodious. Indeed there is but littlcdirtorduftinthefeiflandstomakethemuncleanlyj for the ground is moftly rocky, and feldom wet, from the aUnoft continual fine weather. The deportment of the natives is grave, but at the fame time tempered with great quicknefs and fenfibi- lity ; the women, in particular, are remarkable for their fprightlincfs, and vivacity of their converfation, which is faid greatly to exceed that of the Englilh, French, or northern nations. The great families in thefe iflands would be highly offended fiiould any one tell them, they arc defcended from the Moors, or even from the an- cient inhabitants of thefe iflands ; yet it would not per- haps be difficult to prove, that moft of their cuftoms have been haitded down to them from thofe people. The gcntiy boaft much of their birth, and indeed that they arc defcended from the beft families in Spain, there is no rea(()n to doubt. They have the utmoft contempt for the employment of a butcher, taylor, inillcr, or porter. It is not in- deed very furprifing, that they fliould not have any great cfteem for die profcHion of a butcher, or that ths employment Of a tay lor fiiould be confidered as fome- \^hat too etl'eniinatc for a man; but it is difficult to imagine why millers ami porters fhould be defpifed. efpeciaWy tiie former ; but it mufl be confidered, that tilt millers here are generally efteemed great thieves ; and as the mafier of every family fends his own com to be ground, unlcfs it be narrowly watched, the miller will take too niuch toll. It is faid that when any crimi- nal is to fiiffer death, and the executioner happens to be out of the way, the officers of juftice have the power of fciziiif; the flrft butcher, miller, or porter they can find, and of obliging him to difcham: that oflke ; fuch is 'heir dillikc to pcrfons of thele occupations. Mr. Glafs, once touching at the ifiand of Gcmera to procure frefli water, hiretl fomc poor ragged fiftiermen to fill the water calk.s, and bring them on board ; but fomc time after, going to the watering place to (cv* what proga-fs they had made, he found the calks full, and all ready for rolling down to the beach, with the filhermcn Handing by, and talking together, as if they had nothing fiirther to do. He reprimanded them for their lazinefs in not difpatching the bufinefs in which he had employed them ; when one of them, with a dif- daintul air, replied, " What do you take us to be. Sir i " Do you imagine we are porters ? No, Sir, we are fea- " men." Notwithftanding all his intreatics and pro- niifes of reward, he was unable to prevail upon any of them to roll the cafl( to the water fide ; but was at laft obliged to hire {porters, to do the bufmefs. But the gentry of thefe iflands, though for the moft part poor, yet are extremely polite and well bred, the very pea> rants and labouring people have a confiderabic fluue of good manners, with little of that furly rafticity which IS too common among the lower clafs of people in England > yet they do net feem to be abalhed in the praence of their fupcriors. A beggar aflcs charity of a gentleman, by faying, '* For thclove of God, Sir, " pleafe to give me half a rial ;" and if the other gives him nothing, he returns, " For the love of God, fbeg your worfhip's pardon," and then departs. The common people and (ervants here are much ad- dicted to private pilferii^, for which they arc ufually puniflied t^ being difcharged the fcrvice, beaten, or imprifoned for a fnort time. Highway robberies are fel- dom or ever known -, but murder is more common 3 G thi^ P M i I) Its C«pt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. 1 Bl H iffifi ;fil )KI ^ »w i^niv ff i Hi .f? * 'i than in England; and thev have no notion of duels, for they cannot imagine that becaufc a nun has the courage to fight, he thereby atones for the injury done to another, or that it ought to give him a ridit to do him a greater. When the murderer has killed a man, he flies to a church for refuge, till he can Qnd an op- portunity toefcape to another ifland; and if he had been greatly provoked or injured bv the deceafed, and did not kill him defignedly, every iwdy will be ready to ailill him to cfcape, except the near relations of the perfon who has lofl his life ; yet quarrels arc far from being frequent here, which may be owing to the want of taverns and other public houfes, their polite beha- viour, the little intercourfe there is between them, and their temperance in drinking. Perfons of the lower clafs never fight in public, but if one perlbn puts ano- ther into a violent paflion, the injured party, if able, ukcs his revenge in the bed manner he can, till he thinks he has had fatisfadion, without any regard to the equity of the method he ufes for this purpofc. The inhabitants of the Canary idands are in gene- ral extremely temperate; or at lead, if they are other- wife, it is in private only ; for nothing can be a greater difgrace there, than to be feen drunk ; and a man who can be proved a drunkard, is not permitted to give evi. dcncc, or take his oath, in a court of judicature. Plence thofe that are fond of liquor, intoxicate them- fclves in their chambers, and then lie down, in order to fleep till they are fober. Thofe of all ranks in thefe iflands are extremely amorous ; but their notions of love are pretty lingular ; which may perhaps be attri- buted to the Want of innocent freedom between the fexcs. However, they do not feem to be inclined to jealoufy, any more than the Englifli or French. It is ufiial for young people here to fall in love at fight ; and if the parties agree to marry, but find their parents averfe to their union, they complain to the curate of the pariih, who goes to the houfc where the girl lives, and endeavours to perfuade them to agree to her mar- riage : but if they refiife to confent to their union, he takes her away before their faces, without their being able to hinder him, and either places her in a convent, or with fome of her relations, where ihe mufl; remain till they confent to her marriage. We have been in- formed that a lady will fomctimes fend a man an offer of her perfon in an honourable way ; if he declines it, he keeps the matter fecret till death, fliould he do otherwife, he would be looked upon ^ all people in the mod defpicable light. Young men arc not albwed to court the youth of the other fcx without an intention to marry them ; for if a woman can prove that a man has, in any inftance, ciideavoured to engage her affec- tions, ihe can oblize him to marry her. This, like many other good laws, i* abufcd ; for loofc women uking advantage of it, frequently lay fnare-s lo entrap the (imple and unwary ; and fometimes worthlefs young men, form defigns upon the fortunes of ladies, without having the leail regard for their perfons : there are not, however, many mercenary lovers in thif part of the wofid, their notions in general being too refined and romantic to admit the idea of that pafTion being made fubfervient to their ambition or intereft; and yet there arc more unhappy marriages here than in the countries where innocent freedoms being allowed between the fexes, ioven arc not fo blinded by their {nfliora, aa not to perceive the frailty and imperfedions of their miArcflres. On the death of a man's wife, it is ufual for fome of his relations to come to his houfe. and re- fide with him for fome time, in order to divert his grief, and do not leave him till another relation comes to relieve the firft, the'fecond is relieved by a third, wd thus they iuccecd each other' for the fpace of a year. Each of the Canary iflands, as well as every town and fiimiiy, hath a peculiar tutelary faint for its patron, whofe day is celebrated as a fefiival, by a femnon preached m honour of the faint, and a fervice fuited to the occafion. On thefe days, the flicet near the church is ftrewed with ftowcrs ana leaves, a multitude of wax candles are lighted, and a confiderable number of fire', works pbyed off. A kind of f«ir i# generally held on the eve of thefe fefUvals, to which the people of the adjacent Country rcibrt, and fpend the greateit part of the night in mirth and dancing to the found of the guittar, accompanied t with the voices not only of thofe who play on that in- ftrument, but by thofe of the dancers. The dances pradUcd here arc farabands and folias, which arc flow dances ; thofe ^hich are quick are the canario, firft ufed by the Canarians ; the fandango, which is chiefly pradlifcd by the vul^; and the rapetes, which nearly refemblet our hornpipe. Some of thefe dancers may be termed dramatic, as jhe men fin^ verfcs |o their partners, who anfwer them in the fame mattiicr. MofV of the natives of thefe iflands can play on the guittar, and they have in general excellent voices. . For the entertainment of the populace, plays artf atfled in the ftrcets, at the feafts of the tutelar faints of Tcneriffe, Canaria, and P^ma;,but the penfonnerf cannot be fuppofcd to rife to any dcgre^ of perfe<^ion, as they are not profefTed adors, andonly fome of the inhabitants of the place feem to have a natural turn for ading. The gentry frequently take the atron horfebick ; but when the ladies are obliged to travel, they ride on alTet^ and inflead of a faddlc, they ufe a kind of chair, ii| which they fit very commodioufly. The principal roads are paved with pebble-ftones, like tlune ufed in the fireets of London. There are a few chariots in Cana- ria, the town of Santa Cruz, and the city of Laguna in Tcneriffe ; thefe are all drawn by mules, but they are kept rather for fliew than ufe ; for the roads ai:e not pro- per for wheel carriages, being fleep and rocky. - The lower clafs of people divert themielves with dancing, Angingi and playing on the guitur; like wife with throwing a ball through a ring placed at a great dif- unce, cards.wreflling, and quoits. The pcafants, particu- larly thofe of Gomera, have the art of leaping from rock to rock when.they travel, which is thus perform- ed : the long flaff or pole ufed on thefe occafions, has an iron fpike at the end of it, and when a man wants to defcend from one rock to another, he aims the point of the pole at the place where he intends to alight, and then throws hirafelf towards it, pitching the end of the pole fo as to bring it to a perpendicular, and then Aides down it to the rock on which he fixed it. In the conventt, children are tauj^t reading, wri- ting, Latin, arithmetic, logic, and other branches of phUofophy. lite fcholars read the dallies ; but the Greek is never taught here, and is entirely unknown even to the fhidents in divinity. They are particu* larly fond of civil law and logic, but thelatter is chiefly preferred. The people bclongiiu; to thefe iflands have a genius for poetry, and compote verfes of different mcafures, which th<^ fet to mufic. Some of their fongs, and odicr poetical pieces, would be greatly efteemcd in a country where tafle for poetry prevails. Few of thofe books called pro£me (to diflinguifli them from thofe of a religious kind) are read here, fince they cannot be imported into the ifland without being firfl examined by the inquifition { a court which nobody cares to have any concern with. The hiflory of the wars in Granada is in every body's hands, and is read by people of all nnks ; they have alfo fome plays, mofl of which are vety good. Hiomas a Kempis, and the Devout Pil- grim, are in every library, and much admired. But the books tnoft read by the laity are the Lives of the Saims and Martyn, which may be confidercd as a kind of relisious romances, fluffed with legends, and the mOftabwrd and improbable florics. Wi^t^^x^ to the civil govenunent of the iflands of Canaria, Tcneriffie. and nima, which are called the king's iflaads, jt will be proper to obferve, in thefird place, that the natives, on their fubmitting to the crown of Spain, were fo fiu- from being deprived of their li- berty, that they were put on an equality with their con- qucfors. in whic^ the Spanianls fliewed oreat wifdom and policy i but how they came afterwards to ad in a U quite contrary maaner ui America, is hard to deter- mine ; perhaps they might be apprchcnfive, that if they pro- I Hit l> COOK*« S Ecgy p VOY AqE-for making Pifcoveriet in die ^euihSetU fc Koiihd ^h« Wim. Ti » ■ ■ ■- ■'] I -- -I-- -• .1- ->.-■• --A... '..,.. . t. .. ' :...■ .L--. .. proceeded witfTtoo mucH rigour 'ogainfTthem iX'tKtl, they might in time be induced to fluke off xht ybkr« ana dirpoflefs their tyrannical maften. which we arc informed, hf late eventi, has proved; to be th« cafe in South America, a* the following ^itce of InteTligence, publiflied in September i7«i, annbunccJ : •• Tou have repeatedly heard it reported, thilt there Was a rebellion in Chili and Peru, in South America ^ and though the Spaniards do all they can to keep it a fecret, 1 can af- fyre yoii, from undoubted authoritv. that all the mines in Peru and the city of Pez, which is fituate^ in the interior part of the country, where they lodged their bars of gold and filver, and other valuables, arc taken from them, and there were one hundred and fifty mil- lions of piaflrcs taken out of the flrong chefts. I'hc na- Jives will very foon have the whole country in their pof- eflk>n, for they dedroy cve^ white man,' woman, and child, and even kill every one begot betwctih a Spa- niard and a native." But to return. After the con qucd of the Canary Idands, the Spaniards incorpo- rated with the natives in fuch a manner as to become one people with them, and in confequcnce of this po- litical union, the king of Spain is able to raife in thefe idands more Ibldiers and feamcn than in any other put of his dominions of three times their extent. The jd- cade, who is a juHice of peace, '\i the lowed officer except the alguazils ; there is one of them in every town or village of note. Thefe magi Urates arc ap- pointed by the royal audience of the city of Palmas, m Canana t they hold their places only for a ccruin time, and, in cafes of property, can take cognizance of no difputes where the valuCof what is contended for ex- ceeds (cventeen rials, or fevcn Ihillings fleriing. Over thefe magiftrates is the alcade major, who is appointed inthe fame manner as the other, and cannot decide any cafe relating to property, that exceeds the fumoftwo hundred dmlan. From the decifion of thofe magif- trates, appeals He to the tiniente and corrcgidor : the frft of whom is a lawyer, and nominated by the royal audience: but the latter, who is appointed by the king, is not obliged to be a lawyer, yet mud have a fe- cretary, clerk, or afliftant bred to the law. The corrc- gidor generally holds his place Ave years, and fome- timea longer. Few of the natives enjoy this honour- able office, which is commonlv filied by Spaniards. The proceedings of the corregidor's court, and in that of the tiniente, arc theiame v^hefe courts feeming to have been originally intended as a check upon each other. Appeals are made from the corrcgidor and ti- niente to tne royal audience of Grand Canaria : a tri- bunal compofed of three oidones, or judges, a regent, and fifcal, who are ufually natives of Spain, and are always appointed by the king. The governor-general is prefident of this court, though he refides in Tene- rine. In criminal cauTet there u no appeal from their determination ; but appeals are carried to the council or audience of Seville m Spain, in natters refpedling property. In the Canary Idands, the danding forces amount only to about an hundred and fifty men; but there is a militia of which the govemor-general of the ifland is always commander in chief, and the officen, as colo- nels, captains, and fubaltems, are appointed by the ! }ur%. There are alfo governors of (om and cadles, ibmc of which are appointed by the king, and others by the twelve regidors of the idands, called the cavildo j fbme or the forts bdons to the king, and the red are under the diredion of the regidors, or fub-governors, who alfo take care of the repair of the highways, pre- ' vent nuifances, and the plague from being brought into the idaitd by fliipping t for no man is allowed to land in thefe idands from any fliip, till the mader produces • bill of health from the lad port, or till the crew have been examined by the proper officers. The royal re- 1 venue arifcs from the following articles: a third of the tithes, which fcarpely amounts to a tenth part of them, the clergy approwiaiing almoft the whole to thcm-j ?. "• c i * """' **" *'• tP*'™ ^ '^^ I'OP' » the I king of Spain, in confidcratton of his inainuinins a ' perpetual war agunft the infidels. The fccoiid bram:h donflfti ittthffiMwi»«irwfTJrt«ctod water. We alfo recruited our live dock, fuch as nogs, goats and poultry, fomf'jOf which continued alive during the re- mainder of uii. voyage. The Cape de Verd idands are fituated in 14 deg. 10 min. N. latitude, and 16 deg. 30 min. W. lon- gitude. They were lo called from a cape of the fame name oppofite to them, and were difcovered bv Anthony Noel, a Genocfe. in the fervice of Portugal, in the year 1640, and are about twenty in numbers but fome of them are only barren uninhabited rocks. The cape took its name from the perpetual verdure with which it is covered. The Portugueze give them the name of Les Ilhas de Verdes, either from the verdure of the cape, or elfe from an herb called faigaflb. which is freen, and floats on the water all round them. His brtuguefe majedy appoints a viceroy to govern them, who condantly refides in the ifland of St. Jago. The Dutch call them the Salt Iflands, from the great quan- tities of that commodity produced in feverd of them. The principal of thefe are, i. May, or Mayo ; 2. San Jago, or Sawt James's : 3. Sal or Salti 4. Buena, or Bono Vida, or Good Si^t; c. St. Philip's, otherwife called Fuego, or the ifland of Fire ; 6. St. John, or San Juan I 7. St. Nicholas; 8. St. Vincent; 9. St. Anthony; 10. St. Lucia ; 1 1 . Bniva. Their foil is very flony and barren ; the climate exceeding hot, and in fome of them very unwholefome ; however, the principal part of them are fertile, and produce various forts of grain and fruits, particulariy nee, maiz, or Indian wheat,ba- nanas, lemons, citrons, oranges, pomegranates, cocoa- milSk md figs. They have alfo calavanes, a fort of EuITc nke French beans, and great Quantities of pump- ins, on which the inhabitanu chiefly fubfid. They produce alfo two odier fruiu of a renMriurt)lc nature, viz. ' ill 1 120 -^ . M , , I I H 1, Cipu coo K'i. V O. Y A Q.£.J&... CO M P.Ji.E T E, ( ''I I i U- ^ ;./■ ■mi '.^ \ ■^^^'^^"— ——''■— ——^"^ II I viz. die cuftard apple, and the papah. The fonncr of thde u as large its a pomegranate, and nearly of the fame colour. The outQde hu(k. flicll, or rind, ii in fubfiancc and thickne(s between the (hell of a poinegni- nate and the peel of a Seville orange, foftct than thf femner, yet niore brittle than the latter. The cceii. or rind ii alfo remarkable for being covered with . ,nall reeular knobs or rilincst and the infide of the Ouit is full of a white foft pulp, which in iu form, colour and ufte, greatly refemblcs a cuftard, from whence it re- ceived its name, which was probably fird given it bv the Europeans. It has in the middle a few fnuU blacic floncs, but no core, for the whole uf it is entire pulp. Ilie tree that K-ars this fruit is about the lizc of a quincc-trce, and has k>ng (lender branches that fprcad a confldcrable way from the trunk. Only foinc of the branches bear fruit, for thpugh thefe trees are large, yet in general fuch trees do not produce above twenty or thirty apples. The frak grows at the extremity of thefe branches, upon a (lalk about nine or ten inches long. The other fruit, called the papah, is about the fizc of a mulk melon, and refemblcs it in fliapc and colour both within and without ; only in the middle, inftead of flat kernels, which the melons have, thcic have a quantity of fmall blackiih feeds, about the fizc of pepper-corns, the taHe of which is much the fame as that fpice. The tree on which this fruit grows, is about ten or twelve feet high ; the trunk is thickcil at the bottom, from whence it gradually decrcafes to the top. where it is very thin and taper. It has not any fmiul branches, but only large leaves, that grow immediately on the ftalks from the body. The leaves are of a roundiHi form, and jagged about the edges, having their ftalks or Humps longer or fmaller, as they grow nearer or farther from the top : they begin to fpringout of the body of the tree at about fix or fcvcn feet high from the ground, the trunk being below that entirely bare, and the leaves grow thick all the way from thence to the top, where they are veryclofe and broad. I'he fruit grow only among the leaves, and mod plentiful wherc the leaves are thickcft ; fo that towards the top of the tree the papahs fpring forth from it in cluflers. It is, however, to be obferved, that where they grow fo thick, they are but fmall, being no bigger tnan ordinary turnep : whereas thofe nearer the middle of the trunk, where the leaves arc not fo thick, grow to the iirft- incntioncd fize. Vario«is forts of poultry abound in thefe iflands, particularly curlews, Guiney hens, and flamingoes, the latter of w hich are very numerous. The flamingo is a large bird, much like a heron in Ihapc, but bigger, and of a reddilh colour; they go in flocks, but are fo ^y, that it is very diflicult to catch them: they build their nefts in (hallow ponds, where there is much mud, which they fc rape together, making little hillocks, like fmall iflands, that appear about a foot and a half above the furfacc of the water. They make the foundations of thefe hillocks broad, bringing them up taper to the top, where they leave a fmairhollow pit to lay their eggs in : they never lay more than two eggs, and feldom Ids. The young ones cannot fly till tl^y are almofl full grown, but they run with furprizing fwiftnefs : their tongues are broad and long, having a large lump of tit at the root, which is delicious in its tafle, and fo greatly admired, that a difh of them will produce a very con- fiderablc fum of money. Their flefh is lean, and of a dingy colour, but it neither ufles fllhy, nor atiy ways unplcafam. Here are alfo feveral other forts of fowls, as pigeons and turtle doves ; miniotas, a fort of land fowl, as big as crows, of a grey colour, and the flefli well u(ted ; crufuu, another fort of grey-coloured fowl, ainraft as large as the former; thefe are only feen in the night, and their flefli is faid to be exceeding (aluury to people in a decline, by whom they are ufed. They have Ijkewife great plenty of partridges, quails, and other fmall htrds. and rabbets in prodigious numbers. Many wild animals abound here, particularly lions, tigers and camels, the latter of which arc remarkably mp. There are alfo great numbers of monkies, ba- bgwis, and civet-cats, and vjtrious kinds of repule*. 3^ The tame animals are horfea. alTes, flieep, mules, cowj, goats and hqgs > and here the European fltipii bound (i>r thcEaft Indies, ufyitly flop to take in fre(h water and provifions. with whjcn fhivare always otcnti folly fuppi ied. Fi(h of various fons abound in the fea, particularly dolpbini. bonettas. mullets. frttpfKrs, filver lifiS, itc. and here is fuch plenty of turtle, that fevcrat foreign fliips come yearly to catch them. In the wet feaion the turtles go afliorc to lay their eggs in the fund, which they leave to be hatched by the heat of the full. The flein of the turtles, well cured, is as great a fupply fo the American plantations, as^cod-filh >s to liuropc. The inhabitants go out by liight and catch the turtfes, by turning them on their backs with poles j for they are lo large that they cannot do it with their hands. In thefe iflands are many European families, all of whom profefs the Roman Catholic religion. The na- tives arc all negroes, and much like (hrir African neigh- boun, from whom they are fuppofed to Ik- dofcendcd i thou^, as they are fubjcd to the Portiigiiaze, their owfi religion and language prevail among them. Uoth men antfwomen are flout, and wcH limbed, and they arc in general of a civil and quiet dirpofitiun. Their drefs (particularly in the ifland of St. John) is very trifling, cOnflfKng only of a piece of cotton cloth wound round the waift. The women fomctimcs throw it ovier the head, and the men acrols the (boulders. Neither fex M'ear fhoes or (dockings, except on certain fcflivalj. The men arc particularly fond of wearing breeches, if they can get them, ami are ver^j happy if they ha\'e but a waiftband and lisp before, be they ever fo ragged. The ifland ofM.nvo, or May, obtained its name from its being difcovcred on the firft of that month. It is (ituattd m i < dcg. 5 inin. N. latitude, near 300 miles from Cape Vera, and is about 17 miles in circum- ference. The foil is i^ general very barrel^ ;)nd wat^r fcarce: however, here ar* plenty of cows, g6ars, anil alTes i and alfo fume corn, yams, potatoes ancT plantains. The trees are (Ituated on the fldcs of the hiffs, and the natives have foinc water-melons and tigs. The fea likcwileabounds with wild tbwl, fifli and turtle. There frows on this ifland, as well as on molt of the others, » ind of vegetable ftonc, extrpmely porous, of a grc}-ifli colour, w hich flioots up m (Veins, and forms fomething like the head of a cauliflower. On the weft (ide of the ifland is a fand.bank that runs two or three miles along the flio^c, within which is a large falina, or falt-pond, cnconipalTed by the fand- bank, and the hills beyond it. The 'whole falt-{rand it about two miles in length, and half a mile wide ; but the greater part of it is generally dry. The north end, which is always fupplied with water, produces fait from November tilt May, thofe months being the dry feafon of the year. The waters yield this fait out ot the fea, through a hole in the fand-bank, and the quantity that flows into it is in proportion to the height of the tides: in the common courle it is very gentle, but when the fpring tides arife, it is fupplied in abundance. If there is any fait in the pond, when the flufli of water comes in. it foon dilfolves t but in two or three days after it' b^nsto congeal, and fo continues till a fre(h fup) ly of water from tnc fea comes in agaio. A coniiderable trade for fait is canied oh by the Englifli, and the armed fliips deflined to fecurr the African commerce, afford the veflcis thus engaged their protes come hither, fo that the Englifli arc the chief on whom ihcy depend for trade i and though they arc fub- jcAs of Portugal, they have a particular efteem for the Englifh nation. Aflcs are alfo a great comniodity of trade here i and are fo plentiful, that feveral European (hips from Barbadoes and other plantations, come an- nually to frciriit with them to carry thither. The ifland of St. Jago, or St. James's ifland, is fituated about four leagues to the weftward of Mayo, between the isth and i6th dcg. N. lat. and in the 23d of W. long. This ifland is the moft fruitful and beft inhabited of all the Cape dc Verd iflands, notwithftand- ing it is very mountainous, and has a great deal of barren land in it. The principal town is called after the name of the ifland^ and is iituated in 1 $ deg. N. latitude. It ftandsagainfl the fides of two n.ountains, between which there is a deep valley two hundred yards wide, that runs within a fmall fpace of the fea. In that part of the valley next the fea is a ftraggling ftrcet, with houfes on each fide, and a rivulet of water in the bottom, which empties iifelf into a fine cove or fandy bay, where the fea is generally very fmooth, fo that fiiips ride there with great fafety. A fnnall fort ftands near the landing place from this b:iy, where a guard is conftantly kept, and near it is a battery mounted with a few fmall cannon. The town of St. John contains about three hundred houfes, all'built of rough ftonc, and it has one fmall church and a convent. The inhabitants of the town are in general very poor, having but little trade. Their chief manufadlurc is flriped cotton cloth, which the Portuguefc (hips purchafe of them, in their way to Brafil, and fupply them with feveral European conimo. ditics in return. A tolerable large town is on the eaft flde of the ifland, called Praya, where there is a good port, vhich is fel- dom without fliips, efpccially in peaceable times. Moft of the European ihips bound to the Eaft Indies touch at this port to take in water and pmvifions, but they feldom nop here on their return to Europe. The town of Praya docs not contain any re^iiarkable building.cx- cept a fort, iituated iin the top of a hill, which com- mands the harbour. When the F.uropean fliips are here, the country people bring down their commodities to fell to the feauien and paflengers ; thcfe articles gene- rally conflft of bullocks, ho(ip, goats, fowb, eggs, Slanuins, and coioa-nuts, which they exchange tor lirttidniwers, handkerchiefs, hats, waiftcoau, breeches, and lioenof anv kind. The port of Praya, a fmall hay, is Iituated about the middle of the fouth iide of the ifland of St. Jago, in the latitude of 14 dcg. 53 min. ^o fee. N. and 23 deg. 30 min. W. longitude. It is difcovered, efpccially in coming in from the eaft, by the fouthermoft hill on the iOand, and which lies weft from the port. The entrance of die bay is formed by two points, rather low, being W. S. W. and E. N. E. half a league from each othtr. Near the weft point are funken rocks, whereon the Tea contiittially breaks. The bay lies in N. W. about half a league. We watered at a well, behind the beach, at the head of the bay. The water ii fcatce, but it is difficult to get it aboard, on account of a great furf on the beach. The refrdhtncnts to be procured here will Wo.1^ be found in the cdurfe of oifl* accognt of the iflands. Other articles may be purchafed of the natives in ex- change forold cloaths, &c. Bullocks can only be bought with monejf I the price twelve Spanifli dollars per head, weighing between 250 and 300 pounds ; hut the fale of them is confined to a company of merchants, to whom this privilege is granted, and who keep an agent redding on the fpot. 1 he bay is protected by a fort well Iitu- ated for the purpofc of defence. The cnmple}:ion of the natives of this town and St. Jngo inclines to black, or is at Icaft of a mixed colour, except fpmc few ofthc better fort that rdide in thelattcr, among whom arc the governor, the bilhop, and foinc of the padres (fathers) or priefts. 'i'he jKople ol Ht. Jago town, as they live under the governor's eye, are pretty orderly, though generally very |)oor, having lit- tle trade; but thofe atioui Praya arc naturally of a thievifl) difpofition, fo that ftrnngcrs who deal with them mull be very careful, for if they fee an opportu- nity, they will fteal their goods, and runaway. Sal, or Salt, is the windwardmoft of all the Cape dc Verd iflands, and is (ituated in the 17th deg. of N. lat. and 5 dcg. 1 8 min. W. long, from the l ape. It re- ceived this name from the great quantity of fait natu- rally produced herefrom fait water, that frum time to time bvertloiv s part of the land, which is mollly low, having only five hills, and ftretches from north to fouth about eight or nine leagues, but it docs not exceed one league and a half in brc.-idth. In this illand are only a few people. Thcfe live in wretched huts near the fea- lide, and arc chiefly employed in gathering fait for thofe fliips that occafionally call here for that article. The beft account of this barren ifland is given us by Capt. Roberts, who landed here, and relates the fol- lowing ftory, which he fays he was told by one of the blacks that refidcd in it. '• About the year 1705, not long before I went afliore, the ifland was intircly de- fcrtcd for want of rain by all its inhabitants except one old man, who refolved to die on it, which he did the fame year. The drought had been fo extreme for fomc time, that moft of the cows and goats died for want of fuftenance, but rain following, tney increafed apace, till about three years after they were again reduced by a remarkable event. A French fhip coming to fifti for turtle, was obliged, by ftrcfs of weather, or from fome other caufe, to leave behind her thirty blacks, which flic had brought from St. Antonio to carry on the fifliing. Thefe people, finding nothing clfe, fed moftly on wild goats, till they had deftroyed them all but two, one male and the other female ; thefc were then on the ifland, and kept generally upon one mountain. A fliort time after an Englifli fliip (bound for the ifland of St. Mayo) perceiving the fmokc of feveral fires, fcnt their boat on more, and thinking they might be fome fliip's company wrecked on the ifland, put in there ; when they underftood the (ituation of the people, they commiferated their cafe, took them all in, and landed them on the ifland from whence they were brought." The ifland of Bucna Vifta. or Bona Vifta. thus named from its being the firft of the Cape de Verd iflands dif- covered by the Portuguefc, is fituated in the 16th de- gree of N. lat. two hundred miles W. of the coaft of Africa, and is twenty miles long, and twelve broad, moftly coniifting of low lend, with fome ikndy hills, and rocky mountains. It produces great quantities of in- digo, and more cotton than all the other Cape de Verd iflands 1 yet there is nut one of them where there are fewer cotton cloths to be fold : for the natives will not even gather the cotton before a fliip arrives to buy it ; nor will the women fpin till they want it. They have, in general, the fame animals as in the other iflands. with plenty of turtle, and many forts of fifli. When the Englifli land to take in a lading Of fait, they hire men ana aflcs to bring it down to the feas for which riiey pay them in bilcuits, flour, and old cloaths. lUiit ifland had alfo formerly a pretty good trade for honk and alTes, which are the -beft of aU that are upon thn iflands. The people are very fond of filk, with wlhicR- thcy work the bofoms of their fliirts, ihifts, ca|^, Vo. nvoi's waiftcoau, &c. \ a H 1^ '< 9"; 'i' Ki^l^ laa Ctpt. COOK't VOYAGES COMPLETE. '■ #■ liO ill The people of thii ifland prefer the Englith dreft to their own i for nioA of them have fiiitt of ciMtht bought of the En{(tt(h, md have teamed to make cot- ton cloch to imkate the EurapcAt fadiien. Thewomm have one, two, or three cotton clothi wrapped about them like pcnicoati, tied on with avinflc afaauk the hipi, and ibmetimei without a rMk. Their (hifta are made like a inan^t fliirt^ but To (hort) as f:arccly to reach to*. capain of the ntounuins, has the manaoement of this revenue, and no pcrTon dares, without his Uccnce, kill any one of them. St. John's h fituated in fifteen dcgiees twenty-five min. N. lat. and fcven deg. two min. W. of Cape Verd, and is very high and rocky. It ha* more falt-petre than any of thefe Ulands ; this is found in firvenl caves, co- vering the (ides Hke a hoar-frofl, and in (bme holtow rocks, like iflcles, as thick as a man's thumb. This ifland abounds with pr>mpions, bananas, water-melons, and other ihiit, and aUb with fbwU, g«ua,«flei> hqgs. f?^^^n»«'« ■« rtenty of fUh in the feas nboiit St. Johrt"*, and molt oT the fifli here have remarkiibic fliarp i?* ' ^t*"*? |i«i»eraUy ule crab* and inledfs lor baits. Fifhing is the principal employment of the na- tive* , hence they mifs no opportunities of wrecks, or, when fliips touch hire, to procure all the bits of iron tlMnrcan. In this ifland, the fait is made hy the heat of the lurt, which (hining on the water in the holes of the •Jfl". '•*w*b)' wmed, and fometimet lie* two Act thick. The natives ufijally go and get a quantity of fait early in the morning, hfli the greatcfl part cf the day, dry, fplit, and fait their filh in the evening, and, h«>- ing hraped them up let them lie in the fait all iiiKht. C)n the cnftiing morning they fprcad them out to dry in the "»n»«nd they are fit to ufe when wanted. The bahas, a fort of whale or grampus, is very com- mon near this ifland i and fome affirm, that amberpri* IS the fperm of this creature. A great quantity of am- bergris WM formerly fcund about this ifland, but it is Icfs plentifiil at prefent. Some years before Capt. Ro- belts was here, Juan Camvira, a Portuguefc, who was banifhed from Lifbon for fome crime, hWing procured a little fliip or fliallop, traded among thcle iflands : meeting at length with a picceof ambergris of an un- common bigncfs, he not only procured his nbertv, and leave to return before the term of his exile was expired, but had fiiARriem left, after dcfrayii^ nil tharges, ta put himiclf into a comfortable way of li%ing. and a rock near to which he found the ambergris, is called by his name to this day. The natives of this ifland do not amount to above two hundred fouls, and are c^itc black. They are the moft ignorant and fuperflitious of .wy of the inhabi- tantsof thcfc iflands. But in their difpofuion thc-y are (imple and harmlefs, humble, chai itable, humane, and friendly ; pay a particular rcfpc('> to their equals, re- verence their elders, are fubmiflive to their fuperior*-, and dutiful to their parents. People wear I'n common only a flip of cotton faflened to a flring befoie, which pslting between the thiehs, is tied to the fame flring be- hind ; but when fiiil arefl<:d they alfo wear a piece of cotton cloth, (fpun and wove by themfelves) which the men hang over their fliouldcrs, and wrap round their waifts, wliile the women put it over their heads, and then wrap it about their bodies j and on both of them it extends to the calf of the leg, or lower. I'hey ufe in tifliiiw, long canes for rods, cotton tines, and bent nails for hooks. As to their hunting, the governor hav- ing the fole privilege of killing the wild goats, none dare hunt without his confcnt. This wss a law made by the Portuguefe when they peopled thefe iflands from the coofl of Africa, in order to prevent the entire lot's of the breed. . When a gcnenl hunt is appointed by the governor, all the inhabkants are aflemUcd, anu the dogs, whictt are between a beagle and • greyhound, are called. At night, or when the governor thinks proper to put an end to the ibort, they all meet together, and he parts the mats flelh between them as he pleffis, fending what he tninks proper to his own houfe, with nil the fkins ; and after he comes home, he fends piccci to tho(}; who are old, or were not out a hunting ; and thv* (kins he diflributcs amongfl them as he thinks their ncrefTlticA. require, rcfcrving the remainder of then) for t\x lord of the foil. This is one of the principal piiviieges en- joyed t^ the governor ; who is alfo the only magiflratr, and decides the littk differences that fometimcs happen among the people. Upon their not fubmittirg to thia decition» he confines them till they do, in an open place walled round like a pound : but, inflcad of a gate. they generally lay only a flick acrofs the entrance, and thofe innocent people will flay there without attempt- ing to efcape, except when overcome by paflton, and then they ru(h out in a rage ; but thefe are foon caught again, tied hand and foot, and a ccntinel fet to watch them, till they i^ree with rfjcir antagonifl, alk the gwxr- nor's pardon for braakincout of his prifon. and have re- mained there as long as ne thinks they have dcfervetl. Nay, if one kills anmhet, which hardly happegs in an age* COOK'S SECOND VOYACE-for miking Difiovtrits in the Siiti Sets tt. Rcund the frorU. i a 3 •se. the aovemor can only confine him till he h««.P«<:>- ftd the relation, of the dcceafed, bjr the mediation of hii friend., who are bound for the criminal .appear- ance, in cafe a judge Ihould be ever fent from Portugal to execute juftice, but imprifonment u here reckoned fuch a fcandal, that it i. a. niuch dreaded a»Tybum wa. by criminal, here. j^rc «.-.«» About forty five mile, from the inandrtf Salt i. St. Nichola. Ifland.thcN. W-pdnt of which i. in 17 deff. 10 min. N. latititdc. lind 6 deg. ja min. W. longitude from Cape dc Verd. It ii the larMft of all the Cape de Verd ifland.. except St. Jago. The land 1. high, and rife, iike a fugar-loaf, out the fummit of the mOlt elevaied part i. flat. The coaft of thl. iflarid i. entire- ly clear from rock, and IhoaU. T^e liay of PUnighifi i» very fafc, but the other ro«d< 4re inlccure till the trade wind* are fettled. Here 1. a vaUttr which ha. a fine fpring of water in it, and many penon. empl«iy them- Wvc3 in fupplyiiig different paru with th« ufefui arti- cle, with which they load afla, and carry it a confide- rablc way at a cheap rate. Water may likewife be obtained in aliiioll any part of the inand, by digging a well. The town of St. Nichola. is the chief place in the idand ; it i. clofe built and populout, but all the houfes and even the church, are covered with thatch. Capt. Avery, the celebrated piiiaie, having once received fdmc wit'encc from the inhabinnt., burnt this town ; but it Viu aflernard. n-built, much in the fame manner, and 10 the fame extent a. before. ITic people arc nearly black, with frizzled hair. Theyfpeak the Portuguife language tolerably well, but aie thievifh and bidod thiritjr. The women here arc more ingenious, and better houfcwive. than in any other of the Cape dc Verd ifklnd.. Moft families have horfe., hogs, and poultry i JUid mitny of the people of St. Nikhoia. underflartd the art of boat-building, in %hich the inhabitint. of the other ifldnd. are deficient; They tikewiie make good rloth.< and even cloath., being toletdble Uyion, nunufiiAuK cotton quilu, knit cotton ftockingt, make good lht>e«. aiH) tan leather. They arc Areita Roman Catholic., but their difpofi- tion. art To obftinate, that their prieft. And It very difficult to hile therti. This ifland abounds irt brangcs, lemons, plantains, banaou, poinpioni, muflt, iMter- tnelons, fugar-caacs, vinu, guPii but in the dry feaiSh the people are greatly diflrcflcd for Mater. The principal people l«re are a governor, a captain, a prieft, and a fchoolmafter, all of whom take much Up«n themfelves, fo that the people have fiime jingling verfes concerning them, which imply, that the governor's ttaff, the beads of the pricfl, the fchuolmaf' tcr's nld, and the captain", fword, give them a licence to fcart on the natives, who ferve as flaves to fupport their luxury lind grarideui'.'' St. Lucia lies in latitude 17 deg. 18 min. N. Ii is high land, full of hills, and is about eight or nine leagues long. On the 9. E. end of it are two finall illcH, very near each othef. On the E. S. E. fide i. the harlmur, where the fhore i. of white fand : here lies a fmall idand, round which thefe is a very good bottom, and fiiips may ride at anchor in twenty fathom water, over agnittft the ifland of St. Vincent. Brav4 or the ravage, or the Drfart Ifland, is about four leagues to the S. W. of Fuego. There are two or three fmall ittn.-s to the north of it. The befl harbour lies on the S. E. fide Of the ifland, where (hips may anc^hor next to the Ihorc in fifteen ftthom water. There is an hermitage and an hamlet juft above the harbour. On the wefl-lide of the ifland there is a very commodiou. road for fuch fliip. as want to get water. On Friddy the 14th 6f Aucuft, both fliip. having got on board a fupply of refrrfninent. and provifion., wa wcichcd dnchOr, put to fea, and continued oUr voyage to the c ipc of Good Hope. On Sunday the 1 6th, in the evening, a luHiinou. fiely meteor made it. appear- ance i it Was of a bluifh colour, an oblong flupc, ami had a quick defcertding motion. After a momentary duration, it difiippeareu in the hdrizoni its courfc was N. W. We obfcrvcd a fwallow following our veffel, and inalfing numbcrlefs Circles round it, notwithftand- ing our diltance from St. Jago wa. between fifty and fixty leagues. This harmlcfs bird continued to attend the fliip in her courfc the two following day.. We olifervcd many conito. in the fea, which (hot paft u. with great velocity ; but we could not take a fingle onct thougn we endeavoured to catch them with hook., and ftrike them with harpoons. We were more fuccefs- flil in hooking a (hark, about five feet long. On this fi(h we dined the next day. We found it rather dif- ficult of digeftion, but, when fried, it wa. tolerably good eating. Nothing very remarlcablc happened "on board our fliip the Relolution, except that on the 19th, one of our carpenter's mates fell overboard, and was druwned. He ^as fitting on one of the fcuttles, fnm whence it WaaAinx>fed he felL All our endeavours to fave him were in vain, for he was not feen till the iiv- fiant he funk under the fliip's ftem. Wc felt his loh very fehfibly, he being a fober man, as well as a good workman ; and be was much regretted even b/ his fliip- mates. (XtThurfday the 30th, the rain dcfcended nor in dtops, but in ftreams, and, at the fame time, the wind wa. fqually atid variable, fo that the people were ol>- liged to keep deck, and of courfe had all wet jackets, an inconvenience very common, and often experienced by fcaineiu However, this difegreeable eirc'imftince was attended with good,, as it gave us on opportuni- ty of fpreading our awnings, and filling icveri empty puncheons wiln frefli water. This, heavy rain was (uc- ceeded by a dead calm,, whkh continued twenty-fouf hours, aiid wai fellewed bf a breeze finom S, W. Be'* tween this and tliefouth point it held for feveral days, at timet blowing in fqualls, attended With rain and hot fultiy weather. On the a*7th inftant, one of captain F^meaux's petty officer, died onboard the Adventurci but on board the Rclblution, we had not one man fick, although a deal of rain fell,.which,'infuch hot climates, i. a great promoter of fKkiiQfif Capt. Cook took every- necdfiuy 1 * i: U4 C«pt. COOK 'I VOYAGES COMPLETE. I. I I) , mi p.,. ncccflary pre(autinn for the prcfcrvMion of our health, by airing and drying the Ihip with tim made between decks, and by making the crew air their bedding, and wa(h their cloatha, at every opportunity. Two men were puni(hcd un board the Adventure i one a private marine tor i|uarrellinff with the quarter-nianrr ; the other a conmton Tailor for theft. Each of thvin re- ccivcd one docen. I'his wc mention to (hew what Ari^t difcinlinc it \va< ncccflary to preferve on board, in order to ellabliih a regular and peaceable behaviour in fuch hazardous voyages, when men, unaccuftonicd to con- troul, are apt to prove mutinous. On Tucfd.-iy, &-ptcnibcr the 8fh, we croflcd the line in longitude M dee. W. Some of the crew, who had never paflcd the line before, were obliged to undergo the ufual ceremony of ducking, but fomc bought thcm> felves olf, by pa>ina the required forfeit of brandy. I'hofe who fubiiiitted to an imnKriion, found it very faluury, as it cannot well be done too often in warm weather, and a frequent change of linen and cinaths ii exceeding rcfa-lhing. On the 1 4th, a Hying ftlh fell on our deck i wc caught fevcral dolphins ; taw fomc aquatic birds s and, at various intervals, obfcrved the fea covered w ith numbcrlefs animai:i. On Sunday the 37th, a fail was difcovercd to the W. (binding after us; flic appeared to be a fnow , and (hewed either Portugucfe colours, or St. (ieorgc's enlign. Wc did not chufe to wait till flic approached nearer, or to fpcak 10 her. Hie winds began now to be variable, fo that >«e made but little way, and not any thing remarkable happened till Odlober the 1 iih, when wc obfcrved an cclipfe of the moon. At twenty-four niinurcs, twelve feconds, after tix o'clock, by Mr. Kendal's watch, the moon rule about four digits eclipfedi after which the following obferva- tions were made with diftcrent inflruments and time- (ffcccs, by our aflronoiners and others. 5 By Capt. Cook 2 By Mr. Forfler By Mr. Wales By Mr. Pickerfgili By Mr. Gilbert By Mr. Hervy Mean {Watch flow of apparent time h. m. f. with 53 5S 54 55 5J 55 ^ la common reftador. 57 a quadrant telefcope. 30 a three feet refractor. 24 the naked eye. 34 a quadrant tclefcopel ] 6 54 46^ by the watch, o 3 59 Apparent rime 6 $8 45;. End of the cclipfe. Ditto 7 25 00 At Greenwich. Dift'crence of long, o 26 14^ = 6* 33' 30* Longitude from Mr. Wales's Obfervations. fiythemoonandflar Aquilae c» ii'lxM^^ £.9 .V «" Bjthcdiao&do.AldX«n 6 35 {Mean 6» 13 By Mr Kendal's Watch 6 S3i On Monday the i ath, the weather being calm, we antufed ourfclves with fluoting fea fowl. We were now accompanied by flicerwaters, pintadocs, &c. and by a fmall grey petcrcl. This U(i is lc(s than a pigeon, hiasa gray back, whiti(h bdly, and a black (trokc acrofs from the tip of one wing to that of the other. Thefe 2.K fouthern birds, and, we believe, never fecn within the tropici, or north of the line. They vifttrd us 'n great flights ; and about the fanK tinK we faw fcveral animals of the molufca kind, within our reach, to- getj)cr with a violet-coloured (hell, of a remarkable thin texture, and therefore feenu calculated to ke.p the open fea t and not to come near rocky placet, it oein|r ea(iiy broken. Saturday the 1 7th, we difcovcred a fail to tne N. W. which hoifled Dutch colours. She kept us company two days, but on thetliiid wc out-failed her. From the i ith to thia dav, we had the wind between the N. and E. a gentle gale. On Wcdnefday the 3 1 ft. our latitude was 35 des. 30 min. S. and our longitude X deg. 4 min. 30 fee. Ei Frmn this time to tlw 33d I the wind continued eafterly, when it vecretl to the N. and N. W. Alter fome hours calm, wc faw a (Val, or as fome thought, a fea lion. I'he wind now lixcd ac N. W. which carried us to our intended port. As we drew near to land, the fra fowl, which had aicoiii- panict) us hitheno, began to leave ua : at lca(t the) did not apiK-ar in fuch numbers) nor did we feegannets or the black bird, commonly called the Cape Hen, till we were nearly within flght of the Cape. On I'hurf- day, the 29th, at two o'cbck P. M. we made the hnd of the Cape of C»ooti Hopei for a particular dcfcrip- tion of which, and of the adjacent country, fee page 93. &r. of this worfc. 'Ihc Tabic Mounuin.over the Cape I'own, bore Ii. S. K. diflant twelve or fburtrcn leagues : had it not have been obfcured by doudi. it might, from its height, have been fecn at a much greater dKbnce. Friday the 30th, we flooil into Table Bay, with the Adventure in company, and anchored in five fathom water. We were now vifited by the mailer- attendant of the fort, fome cither oflkers iKJonging to the coiii(Mny, and Mr. Bramtt. This hll gentleman brought oH to us many articles that were stry accep- table : and the inaflcr-attendant, as is cuftomary, took' an account of the two fltips, enquiring particularly, if the fnuil-|H)x was on board, a difordcr dreaded above all others by the inhabitants of the capc; for which rra- fon a furgcon always attends on theic viflts. This day Capt. Cook fent an oflicer to wait upon Baron Plcttcr- berg the governor, to infoiin him of our arrival ; to which he returned a polite anfwer; and on the return of our oflicer, we faluted the (brt with eleven guns, which compliment was acknowledged by the faliic number. The governor, when the captain .iccoinpanied by foii.c of our gentlemen, waited upon him, told- them, thrt two French fliipa fmm the Mauritius about eight months before, had difcovcred land, in 4K deg. S. lati- tude, and in the meridian of that ifland, along which they failed forty miles, till they came to a bay, into which when they were about to enter, they were driven ofl^and feparated in a hard gale, after having luft fome of their people and boata, who had been fent out to found the bay ; but the IJi Fortune, one of the fliipt, arrived foon after at Meurithit, the captain of which was fent home to France with an account of the dif- covery. We alfo learned from the governor, that two other French fliips from Mauritius, in March la(t, touched at the capc in their palTage to the Pacific Ocean, to which they were bound upon.difcoverics, under the conunand of M. Marion. Aotourou, the In- dian, whom M. de Bougainville brought fromOtahcitr, was, had he been living, to have returned home with M. Marion. Having vifitcd the governor and fomc of the principal inhabitants, wc took up our abode at Mr. Brandt's, the ufual rclidence of mofl oHiccrs belonging to Englifli (hips. With refpeCl to accommodations, this gentleman fpam neither cxpence nor trouble, in order to render hia houfe as agreeable as pofTible to thofe who favour him with dieir company. Wc con- certed meafum with Mr. Brandt for fupplying us with provilions, &c. all which he procured without delay, while our men on board were employed in overhauling the rigging, and the carpenters in caulking the fliim fides, &-C. At. the fame time Mr. Wales and Mr. Baylcy made rervations for regulating the\^atchci. and other purpofes. The refult of thcfc was tliat Mr. Kendal's watch had anfwcred beyond our expcc'lations, by determining the longitude of this place to within one minute of time to what it was oblervcd in 1761, by Meflh. Mafon and Dixon. At this place two Dutch Indiamen arrived before us. from Holland. Their paflaoc was near five months, in which one of the (hips loll by "the fcurvy, and the other 1^ putrid fevers, in all 191 men. One of thcfc (hips touched at Port Praya, and departed a month from thence b^ire we came there, yet we arrived at the Capc three days before her. During our (lay here, Mr. Forfter, who employed his time wholly in the purfuit of Natural Hiftory and Botany, met with one Mr. Sparr- man, a Swedifli gentleman, who had (ludied under Linnanu. Mr. Forfter importuned (Irongly Capt. Cook to COOK't SECOND VOY AO^fottrnkiag D^veriet in the StuthStiu 6c Round ihs ^«/-/./. 1 25 before IIS. months, and the neof thefc inth froii) ed at the here, Mr. purfuit of it. Sparr- icd under ipcCook to to take him ■bourd 1 aod Mr. SfMraiui being willing to cmbvk, the Uptain ccnTcmed 1 artd he was en- gaged under Mr. Forfter, who bore his ekpcncis on bwrd, and allowed him a yearly ftipend bclides. Mr. Hodges alfu employed hintrdf in tskins views of the Cape, town, and parts adiaccht, in oil colours 1 all which were kd with Mr. Brandt, to be forwarded by him to the admiralty, by the flrft (hip bound for Vjng- land. , On the 1 8th of November we had got every thing on board > but it wM the 3 ad before we could put ty fea. In this interval the crews of both (hips were fervcdevtry day with frclh beef, or mutton, new baked bread, and what Quantity of greens they thought fuflicientt and the two (hips, in every rclpcdl, were put in as good condition as when they len England. At this time fomc removes took place in the Adventure. 'I'hc firil lieutenant, Mr. Shank, defircd leave to refign, in or- der to n-ttirn to England for the recovery of his health, which W.1S urantetl. Mr. Kemp was Appointed firft lieutenant, and Mr. Burney, one of our midlhipmen, Mas maiit fcctind lieutenant, in the room of Mr. Kemp. On the i id we repaired on board, having firft taken leave of tlic governor, and other olliccrs, u no in a molt obliging manner had afforded us all the necefliiry af- liOamc wc niiuired. At three o'clock, P. M. we weighed, and (alutcd the fort with flftcen guns, which compliment was inlhntly returned. We now ftood all night to the weftward, toget clear of the land, du- ring which time the fra made the fame luminous ap- parance, which has been already, in the courfcofotir ni(\ory, noticed and defcribed. As fuon as we had cleared the land, we dircc'^ed ourcourfe, as ordered, to Cape Circumcilion. We had a moderate pale from the N. W. iwirtt until the s^th, when the wind fliiftcd to ihc eal'wnrd. This day by obfcrvation, at noon, we found ourfi'lvcs to be in .|$ deg. 15 min. S. lat. and 29 min. W. of the Cape of Good Hope. As wc wire now directing our courfe toward the antar^ic circle, and ex- pciilcd to encounter foon With cold weather, tSc Cap- tain ordered a wade of frelh water to he a« much as poITiblc prevented 1 at the fame time he fupplied each man with a fearnought jacket, and trowfer^, allowed by the Aiimiralty, and alfo flops to fuch who wanted them. Obfcrving a great numocr of albatroflcs about us, we put out hooks and lines, with which we caught fcveral, and the (hip's company, though ferved with mutton, rclifhed them ver>- much. On the 29th a heavy (\orm came from the W. N W. with few inter- vals of moderate weather, for nearly a week ; the fea ran very high, and fretiucntly broke over the (hips. On Sunday, December the ''th, wc were in lat. 48 dcg. 41 min. S. and in 18 drg. 24 min. E. longitude. The rtonn continued, and the roaring of the waves, together with hail, rain, and a great agitation of the vcflll, w ere circumftances that rendered our (Ituation cxtrcincly difagreeable. A boy in the fore part of our (hip hearing a noife of water running among the chells, turned out, and linind himfelf half way up the leg in water ; upon which all hands worked at the pumpy, but the water increafed upon us. This was at laA difco- covercd to come in through a fcuttle in the boatfwain's (lore-room. This gale, attended with hail and rain, continued till the 8th, with fuch fury, that we could tarry no fails ; and being driven by this means far to the eaftward of our intentled courfe, not the leaft hope remained of our reaching Cape Circumcifkm. Our ilinrifs was augmented by the lofs of a great part of our live RiKk wc had brought from the Cape. Every man felt the ciVcdsof the fudden tranfition Kom warm to ex- treme cold weather ; for which rcafon an addition was made to the men's allowance of brandy in both (hips. On the morning of the 7th, the rifing fun gave us a flattering profpc(fl of fercne weather 1 out our expe^la- tions foon vanifhed; the barometer wa* unufualiy low t and by one o'clock P. M. the wind, which was at N. W. blew with fuch violence as obliged us to ftrikc our lop- gallant-mafts. On the 8th the gale was fomewhat aliated { but the fea ran too high nr u than the fore-top-inaft ftay-ftu. No. 15. tor us to carry more dn Wedncitlay, the 9th, at three A. M. wc wore (hip to thefouthWanl,fliowersof liiow fell withfqually weather. At eight mdde fignal tor the Adventure td make fail. On ine lOih made another (ignal for her to lead, and faw ikTi ice-ifland to the we(\ward of vn. in 5odeg. 40 min. S. latitude, and a deg. IL lungitudeof the Cape of Good Hope. I'he wcathn beinu hn/.v, Qapt. Cook by flgnal called the Advcnt wc were obliged to ftand to the northward, in order to avoid it. On the eighteenth we got clear of the field of ice, but was carried among 3 I the (1^ ia6 Opt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. '.» ! the icc idamU, which it wai difticuU to kc«p clear of. The danger to whicl« Hc were now cxpored, wainre- lorable to being entangled among inimenfc iield« of ice. 'I'here were two men on tward tnc Kefbiutiiui, who had been in the (ircenUnd trade i the one had bin nine Meeki, and the other flx, (luck fall in a flcUl of ice. That which n called a field of ice 'i very thick, an«i ionlilU but of one piece, be it exd tiMzeiher, and in ibmc pUces hciiKU u|)on each othei . How long fuch ice nuy hu\c lain here, it rtot ealily deteimincd. In the GrcenlaiMl Teas, fuch ice ii (inind all the fummer long, and it cannot be colder there in fummer time Chan it i« here. Upon the funpofition that this ice which we Lurhccn fpeakinc of u generally foniied in l)a>!i and rivcrit, ui iinaginca that land wat not far fmm lu, and that the ice alone hindered our ipproaching it. We therefore determined to fail to the eailward, and afterward* to the lotah, and, ifwc met with no land or impediment, there to get behind the ite, that this matter might he put out of iloubt. We found the weather much coluer, and all the crew complained of it. Tlnife jackets which were mo Hiort were lengthen- ed with baize, and etch of them had a cap nude of the fame llulf, which kept them a.i warm a* the cli> liMte would admit. .Scorbutic f)mptoms appearing on foil of the jM'ople, the fiirgcons gave them frcfli wort every day, made from the itialt we took with u« for that nur)Mife. VV e ftocxl once more to the fouthward on the t wenty- fccond inftant. On the twenty>third, ue hoided out a boat to make fuch experiment!) as were thought nc*cef- fary. We examined fevcrul fpeciei of birds, which we had Ihot as they hovered tound ui with Cceming curiolity. On the twenty-fifth, lieing Chridnus-day, we were very chearful, and notwithllanding the furmundinj rocks of ice, the failors fpent it in favage noife am drunkenncfs. On the twcnty-fixth, wc failed through Urge ouantitica of broken ice. Wc were dill furround- cd with idands, which in the evening appeared very beautiful, the edges being tinged by the letting fun. Wc were now in latitude 5)1 deg. 31 min. S. On the twcnty-feventh we had a dead calm, and we devoted the opnortunity to fliooting petrcla and pen- guins. This atiorded great fport, though we were un- hiccefsful in our chacc of pei^ins. Wc were obliged to (rive over the purfuit, as the birds dived fo frequent- ly,' and continued fo long under water. We at lall wounded one repeatetlly, out waj forced finally to kill it with a ball; its hard gloffing plumage having con- ftantly turned the (hot a(idc. The plunugc of this bird is very thick, the feathers long and narrow, and lie as clofe as fcalct. Thcic amphibious birds are thus fcctired againft the wet, in which they almoll continual- ly live. Nature has likcwiTc given them a thick (kin, in order to refill the perpetual winter of thcfe inhofpi- table climates, llic penguin wc (hot weighed eleven |N)unds and a half. The petrels arc likcwifc well pro- V ided againll the feverity of the weather. Thcfe latter have an adonilliing quantity of feathers, two feathera inftcad of one proceeding out of every root. Glad were wc to be thus employed, or indeed to make any mo- mentary rcHectiotu on any fubjcd, that we might in tome mcafurc change that gloomy uniformity in which we fo (lowly palTcd our time in thcfe delblatc and un- frequented feas. We had conHant ditagrccable wea- ther, confiding of thick fc^s, rain, fleet, hail, and fnow ; wc were furroundcd with innumerable quantities of ice, and were in conftant danger of being fplit by them i add to w hich, we were forced to live upon fait provifioits, which concurred with the weather to infofl our mafs of blood. Our Teamen coming fre(h from Englaml did not yet mind thefe fcverities and fatigue, their fpirits kept them above repining at them {l}ut amoi^ IbnK ot us a wi(}i prevailed to exchange our lituation for a happier and more temperate one. The crew were well fupplicd with portable broth and (bur krout, which had the dclired ciredl in keeping them from the (curvy. I'hc habit of body in one nuui wu not to be relieved by thofe rx|Kdicnrt, but he was curri by the conllaiu ufe of frefli wort. This ufettil remedy ought never to be forgoiirn in ttthn hotmd on long voyages, or the encomiums on the eincacy of malt can- not be exaggerated t great! are miifl Jlfo be taken toprr- vent its becoming damp and iiMiuldv.fiir if it is futteied to do fo, its lalutary qualities will occoaie impaired in a long v"yage. On f' . 29th, the commanders came to a rcfulution, provided they met with no impediment, to run at far weA as Cape Circunuriflon, ilnce the fca fcemed to be Erctty clear of ice, and the dillanre not more than eighty lagues. We (leered for an illand of ice this day, in- tending to take fome on hoard, and convert it into frcfh water. On this illand we faw a great number of pcn- giiins. The light of thefe birds is faid to Ik a fiire in- dication of the vicinity of land. This may hold gofxl where there are no ice idaiuls, but not fo when tnere arc any, for there they liml a reding place. We will n It detenuine whether there are any females among thrm at fo great a didance from land, or whether they go tin (bore to breed. On the ,)id, we dood for this ifland again, but rould not take up any of the loofe ice, fbr the w ind incrcafed fo conliderably, as tu make it dangerous for the diips to remain among the icci befides which, wc difcovered an immenfe Field of ice to the north, extending fur- ther than the eye could reach. We had no time tu deliberate, at we were nut aliovc two or three milet from it. On the I d of January, the gale abated, . r^ but there fell a good deal of fnow .ind licet, '*• "' '"'3* which froze on the rigging of the fliips. The wind continued moderate the next day, and we were favour- ed with a light of the nwion, whofc face we h.id not feen dnce we left the Cauc of fioore ice, at did the Ad- venture. Some perfona on board, who were ignorant of natural philoTophy, were very much afraid tnat the unmelted tee, which wat kept in calkt, when the wea- ther altered, would diflbive and burd the caflti in which it was packed, thinking that, in its melted date it would uke up more room than in its frozen one. In order to undeceive them, Capt. Cook placed a little pot of damped ice in a temperate cabbin, which, a* it gra- dually. COt)K'i SECONH VOY AOR— for mnkinnnifcovertei in the Smtth Sttt ft Round ihe H^er/J. 177 [ids, which wc came about it. u to, and icy could, rtcr-dcck, ncited, wc little fait this pro- ic melting xpcditioui obfcrvcd In two the Ad. ignorant that the the wca- I in which :e it would n order to dc pot of u it gra- dually, diMllydiflblvcd. look up much left fp«t« than brfiMre. Thit wa* a convincing wgunKni. *nd their (can of thia brt fubfldcd, Aa wc hmi now revcral Ane daya, we had frequent opportunitica of nuking obfcrvationi, •nd trying caperimwKa, which were very ferviccable to ui on many accounu. The ucople likewife took ihc opportunity of walhiiw their cloatha in freih water, which i« very neceflary In long voyage*. On the 17th, before noon, wc cmiFcd the ^ntarftic ririlc) and advanced into the fouthem frigid rone, which to M tbrmcr naviptora had remained im|)ene> trable. We could fee uvenl leaguci armmd u>, at the weather was tolciablv clear. In the al'ternoon we faw the whole fra coveivu with ice, from S. E. to S. W. Wc faw a new fuecift of the petrel, of a brown colour, with a white belly and rump, and a large white fpot on the wingt 1 we faw great flight* of tnrm, but never any of them fell into the (hip*. Wc calleil it the An- tar^tit petrel, at fuch numberi of ihciii were fecn licrcabcMiti. In the afternoon we faw thirtv-cigiu ice IHand*, large andfniall. Thit immenfe field wai comiMtfrd of dif- ferent kindt «jf ice I fuch a« ficld-ici-, ai foiallctl by the Grernlandmcn, and packrd ice. line wc faw fevcral whalea playing ahimit the ice, :inrc rcfolved to do dircdiy tn fcarch < f the land lately difcovend by the French. On the iQth, in the evening, wc faw a bird, which in Capt. Cook't fonner voyaf^ wat called the Port Egmont hen 1 fo called, bccaiiCc there arc great num- bers of them to be fcen at Port llgmont m Falkland iflandt. They arc about the (i/.e of a laige crow, Ihort and thick, ot a chocolate colour, with a white fpeck under each wing, lliofc birdt arc faid never to go far from land 1 and we were induced from this circum- flancc to hope that land wat near, but we were difap- E Dinted; ihc ice iflandt had probably brought thit bird ither. On the 3 1 ft, we faw white albatroflcs with black tipped wings. On the 39th. fevcral porpoifcs paflcd us with anuiing fwifuwfsi thev had a large white fpot on their fioca, which came atmolt up to their backs. They went at leaft three timet as iad as our >c(rcls, ami wc wcntat the rate of fcvcn knou and a half an hour. On the 31ft, w« paflcd a Urge ice ifland, which at the lime of our failinji by wu tumbling to piecet. The ex- plofion equalled uwt of a cannon. On the I ft of February, wc faw large quantities of fea weed floating by ,thc fliipt. Capt. Fumcaux ac- Juainted Capt. Cook, that he had Icen a number of ivers. which very much refemblcd thofe in the Englifti feas, and likewile a large bed of floating rock-wced. Thefe were certain fignt of the vicinity orland t but we could not tdl whether it waa to the E. or W. Wc imagined that ik> land of any extent lay - - ■ - - ■ ' • N. K. to theW. bccalife the fca ran fo high from the N. fv N. N. W. and W. we therefore ftrercn to the K. lay to in the nighr. and rcfumed our courfc in the morning. We faw two or three egg birds, and palTed fevcral pieces of rot k- weed, but no other llgns of land. Wc fleered north* ward, and made flgnal for the Adventure to follow, a« ftie was rather thrown aftem by her movement to the eaftward. V^> could not find land In that dirc^ion, and we au.n . ftrcred fouthward. There was an ex- ceeding thick fog on the 4th, on which wc loft fight of the Adventure. We fired fevcral fignaU, but were not anfwerrit 1 on which account we had too much reafon to think that a feparation had taken plai c, though we could not well tell w hat had been the caufe of it. Capt. Cook had directed Capt. Fumcaux, in cafe of a repara- tion, to cruize three days in that place he laft faw the Refolution. Capt. Cook accordingly made ft)ort boards, and flred half hour guns till the afternoon of the 7th, when the weather cleared up. and the Adventure wat not to be fcen in the limits of that horizon. Wc were obliged to lie to till the loth, and notwithftanding we kept firing guns, and burning fatfc fires all night, we neither faw nor heard any thing of the Adventuro, and were obliged to make fail without her, which was but a difinal profpciit, for we were now expofcd to the danger of the frozen climate without the company of our fcllow-voyagcrs, which before had relieved our fpirits, when wc confidcred that we were not entirely alone in cafe we loft our own velTel. The crew univer- fally regretted the loft of the Adventure 1 and they fcl- dom looked around the ocean without cxprcfTing fome concern that we were alone on this unexplored expanfr. At this time we had an opportunity of feeing what we ha leave them on the approach of night ; but before wc parted Mrs. Talkative gave us a dance. On the feventh we nude them another vifit, and prc- icnted them with feveral things; but they beheld ever/ thing with indifference, except hatchets and fpike nails. Wc now faw all the man's family, as wc fuppofed, which confided of two wives, the young woman wc mentioned before, a boy about fourteen years old, and three fiiiali children. Excepting one woman (who 3 p L e. T E. had a large v en upoii Ker "npcr"Tip), they were well favoured t oi\ account of her dilagreeable appear- ance, (he fceiTwd to be Mgled^ by the nun. We were conduced to their habitation, which conf)fted of two mean huts, (ituated near thi; (kirts of a wood. Their canOe lay in a fmall crJH^. near the huts, and watjull ^rgc enough totranfport tne whole family from Stace to place. A gentleman of our party made Letches of thena. which occafioned their calling him Toe-Toe t which, it feems; Is a word which ftgnlfin marking or painting. On taking leave, the man prc- fcntcd Capt. Cook with fbme triflei, and a piece of cloth of tncir own manufadure t And pointed to a boat ct9ak, which he wiflied to have. The hint was taken, and one Was ordered to be made for him of red baize. On the 9th wc paid the natives another vific, and (igni- fied our approach by hallooing to them t but they nei- ther met us on (hore, nor anfwercd usasufual; the rcafon of which was, that their time was fully occupied in drcfTIng themfelves to receive us. They had tneir hair combed and oiled, (luck with white feathers, and tied upon '.he crowns of their heads, and had bunches of feathers fluck in their ears. N\'e were received bjr them w ith great courtcly in their drefs. The man was fo well pleafcd with the prcfent of the cloak, that hp took his i\uta-patue from his fide, and gave it to C.ipt. c ook. VVc cpntinued here a little time, and took leave, fpcndmgthc reft of the day infurvcying the bay. On Monday the twelfth this family paid usa villt ii\ their canne, but proceeded with caution as they ap- proached the lliip. Wc could not by any means per- i'uadcthcm to come on board, but put ainure in a little creek near us, and fat themfelves down near enough to fpeak to us. Capt. Cook ordered the bagpipes to play, and the drum to beat ; the latter only they regarded. They converfcd very familiarly (though not w cll undcr- llood) Mith fuch oiliccrs and feamen as went to them, and paid a much greater regard to fome than to others ; we fuppofed that they took fuch for women. One of the females (hcwetl a remarkable fondnefs for one man in particular, until Ihc fouml out his fex ; after which (he would not let him approach her. Wc cannot tell whether (he had Ix-forc taken him for a female, or whe- ther, in difcovering himfelf, he had taken forac liber- ties w ith her. In the evening the natives of Dullcy Bay took up their quarters very near our wafering-place, which was a clear proof that they placed a great deal of confiilence in us, We rafTed two or three days in exa- mining the bay and inaKing nereffary experiments and obfervations. Wc likcwife (hot great quantities of wild fowl. On Monday the nineteeth, the mail and his daugh- ter before- mentioned ventured on board our fliip, while the left of the family were fidiing in the canoe. Be- fore the man would com^ into the (hip, he ftruck the fide of it with a green branch, and muttered fome words, which we took for a prayer; after which he threw away the branch and came on board. We were at hreakfaft, but could not prevail on them to partake with us. 'liiey viewed every pArt of the cabin w ith ap- parent curiofity and furprifr ; but wc could not fix the man's attention to any one thing for a moment. A II w c fticwcd him feeiiied beyond his conipreheiilion, and the works of nature and art were alike reganicd. The ftrcngth and number of our decks and other parts of the fhip feemcd toftrike him with furprife. The man was Aill bttter pleafed with hatchets and fpike-nailsthan any thing our fhip produced ; when he had once gut poffefTion of thefc, he would not quit them. Capt. Cook and three other gentlemen left the fliip as foon ba they could difengagc themfelves from the viliton,whnm they left in the gun-room, and went out in two boats to examine the head of the bay ; at which place they took up their night's lodging; the next dav they continued their obiicrvations ; and fired at fome aucks. Upon the report of the gun, the natives, who had not difcovercd themfelves before, fet up a moft hickous roar in diftc- rent places. The gentlemen hallooed in their turn, and retreated to their boats. The natives did nor fol- low thcn>, ncithet indeed could they, bccaufe a brat^K cook's SECON D VOYAGE— for making Di/ccvtrits in the South Seas & Round the World, 129 (covered in ditTc- icir turn, nor fol- abrwKli or or (he river feparateJ them, but ftill made a great noife. , A* they continued (hooting and making their obfervaiions, they frequently heard the nativci in 'he woods. A man and woman appeared :>. laft on i^e banks of the river, waving fomething in their hands as ft token of friend(hip. The gentlemen could not get near them, and the natives retreated into the woods. Two others appeared ; but as the gentlemen advanced, they retreated likewife, and the woods afforded them thiflt cover. The captain and his party paiTcd the next night in the fame place, and after breakfaft cm- barked to return on board j but faw two men on the oppofitc fliore, who hallooed to them, and they were induced to row over to them. Capt. Cook with two other gentlemen landed unarmed, and advanced all to- S ether, hu: the natives retreated, nor » ould they (land ill till Capt. Cook went up alone, li was with fomc dillknlty that he prevailed on one of them to lay down his fpear 3 at laft he did it, and met the captain with a grofs plant in his hand, giving Capt. Cook one end to hold whiKt he himfclf held the other. In this po- sition they IUx)d while the native made a fpccch, which the captain did not underhand, but returned feme fort of anmcr ; they then falutcd each other, and the na- tive took his coat from his back, and put it on the cap- tain. The Captain prcfcnted each of them with a hatchet and a knife, having nothing elfe with him. They invited the gentlemen to their habitation, and wanted them to eat, but the tide preventet'. their ac- cepting of this invitation. More people appeared in the (kirts of the woods, but did not approach any nearer. The two natives accompanied thi.- gentlemen to their bo.its, but feemcd very much agitated at the appearances oi the mufqucts, which they looked upon as inftnmicnt!, of death, on account of the (laughter they had ohfcr\rd among the fowls. It was ncceflary to watch thcin, for they laid their hands on every thing except the mufqucts. They alTiAed the feamen in launching the boat. It did not appearthat theyhad any boats or canoes with them, but ufed two or three logs of wood tied together, which anfwered the fame purpofcs i for the navigation of the river, on the banks of which they lived, was not very difficult, and fwarm- cd w ith iilh and Ibul. We apprehend that all the na- tives of thiK bay did not exceed more than three fami- lies, litis party took leave of the man about noon ; ami in the evening returned to the (hip, when they found that the vilitors had (laid on board till noo.it that he and his tainily remained near them till that day, and went into the woods, after which they were never feen 5 this appcADi rather extraordinary, as they never went away without fome prcfcnt. Several parties were made in order to catch feals, which were very ufcful for Idotl, (iir oil, an.! their (kins were cured (or rigging. 'I he Hclh of tJieiii is nearly as good as beef-(lcaks, and their entrails are equal to thofc of a hog. We likewife took thi' funuuit of the mountains in this bay, and iiade oiher reiti:\rkx. t)n Saturday the twenty-fourth Capt. Cook took five pcefe and a gander, which were .ill that remained of ihofe broiigl.t Irom the Ooe of Ckwd Hope, and car- ried them to a cove, which on this account he called goofe-oove ; this was a convenient place, for they were Bot likcl) to l)c diHurbed by the inhabitanu, there was plentv ol tbod lor them, and they were likely here to breed and f^H tad the lountry with their fpccies. We had now fevcr.il d.i; s fair weather, which gave us a (inc opportunity of nuking necedary preparations for de- parture. On Tiicfdav the twenty -fevtnth we found an arm of the fea more convenient than that by which we entered the bay ; we fliot fevcr.il due k<, and were much pleafed with the day's ex|)editioii. All we now wa-ted (or was wind to carry us out of harNnir bv the new paiTage we had difcovered. The tents an 1 all other articles were got on boanl. The rubbidi wc hail made on (horc, which conliftcd chiefly of pieces of wood. &c. we frt gn (ire in order to dry the ground, which being done, Vapt. Cook fcwcil the fpot with various forts of garden IcMjf. 'Ihis WIS the bcH plate we could find to place No. ij. ' them in. We made feveral efforts to fail, but the wind proving c<)ntrary we made but little way, and were obliged to anchor on the firft of May on the north fide of Long I Hand. Here we found two huts with fire places, which appealed to be lately inhabited. Capt. Cook was deuined on botrd by a cold, and fent a party to explore an arm of the fea which turns in to the cad. This party found a good anchoring place, with plenty of w ild fowl, fifh, and frelh water. We made icvcral (hooting parties when the wind would not pcmiit us to fail. Before we leave Du(ky Bay, we think it necef- fary to give our readers fome defcription of it. There arc two entrances to this Bay, w hich are by no means dangerous 1 and there are numerous anchor- ing places, which are at once (afe and comm(xliou.s t at Cafcade Cove, fo called on account of the magnili- cent cafcade near it, is room (or a fleet of lhi|w, and a very good pafliigc in and nut. 1'hc country is very mountifinous, and the profiled is rude and craggy. The land bordering on the ka-coafl, and all m laiitis, are covered with wood. There arc trcen of various kinds which are common in other countries, the rjin- ber of which is remarkably fine. Here arc likewife a great number of aromatic plants, and the w 01 :1s are k> over-run with fupple jacks, that it is dilHcult to make way through them. The foil is undoubtedly coiiipofed of decayeuv^tables, which make a deep black mould ; it is very loolc, and finks at every Hep. This may be the reafon why there are fo many large trees blown down as wc meet with in the woods. Except flax and hemp, there is very little herbage. The Hay abounds with fi(h, which wc caught in great numbers. Seals are the only amphibious animals to be found nerc, but there are great numbers of them. Various kinds of ducks are to be found, as well as all other wild fowl. Here is likewife a bird which we called the wattlcbiid, becaufe it has two wattles under its beak like thofc of a dunghill cock. Its bill is Ihort and thick, its feathers arc dark, and is about the fize of an Englilh black- bird. I'his wc called the poy-bird, on account of two little tults of curled hair which hang under its throat, called its poics, which is the Otaheitan word for ear- rings. The feathers of this bird arc of a fine maza- rine blue, except thofe of his neck, which arc of a filvergrcy. The fweetnefs of its note is equal to the beauty of its plumage ; its flefh is likewife luxurious food, though it is a great pity to kill them. The fmall black (imd flie< arc here vciy numerous and troublefomc; they carfe a fwelling and intolerable itching wherever they bite. Another evil attemling this bay is the almnfl continual rains that fall, but hap- pily our people felt no il! etfedU from them. 'I lie place muft certainly be healthful, as thofe of our crew , who were in any degree indifoofed when wc came in, recovered fjKcdily. The inhabitants of Dulliy Bay are the fame with thofe in other parts of New Zealand -, they fpeak the fame language, and adopt the fame culloiiis. It is not eafy to divine what could induce thcfo few fainilie* to fcparate thcmfelves from the fociety of the reft of their fellow-creatures. It feems probable that there are people fcattered all over this fouthcrn illand, by our meeting with inhabitants in this place. 1 hey appear to lead a wandering life, and don't fecin to be in pr:^- fofl amity with each other. On Tuefday the nth of May, we again made il, but met with more obllnie'Hons. Wc obicrved on i fud- ('.■n a whitilh fixx on the (ca, out of w hich a column aTofe which looked like a glafs tube. It appeared that ^ixxher of the fame fort came down from the clouds to nKCt this, and they made a coalition and formed what is called a watcr-fpout 1 (cveral others were fbnr:- ed in the fame mannei foon after. As we were not very well acquainted with the nature and caufcs of thefe fpouts, we w ere very curious in examining them. Their baf^e was a broad fpot, which looked bright and yel- lowilh when the fun (hone upon it; this appeared when the fe& was violently agitateti, and vapours rofc in a fpiral form. The columns were like a cylinder, and moved forward on the furface of the fea, and frequently 3 K appeared n^ .f' '■ ' \' M It' I30 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. R. ] '»# i 'i; IttJi Bppcaml croning each other, ihry at h(i broke one Ktttr another, thit «'as owing to the i louJs nut InlloM - inj; them with equal rapidity. I'hc fca appeared more and more covered with (nort bn>kcn waves as the clouds rame nearer to us; the wind vccnd about, and did not fix in any one point. Within 3oo fathoms of us, we faw a fpot in the Tea in violent agitation ; the water afccndcd in a fpiral form towards the clouda ; the clouds looked bkck and louring, and foine hail (tones fell on board. A cloud gradually tapered into a long (lender tube direifUy over the agitated fpot, and fcemcd dcfcending to meet the riling fpiral, and foon united with it. The la(\water>fpout broke like others, no explofinn was heard, but a flalli of lightning attend- ed this disjuniftion. The oldcll mariners en Ixiard had never been fo near water-fpouti before, they were there- (brc ver>' much aLrmed . Had «vc been drawn into the vortex, it was generally believed that our mads and yards mull have gone to wreck. From the (irft ap- pearance, to the Lid difTolution, was three quarters of an hour. On May the 1 8th, at five o'clock in the morning, we opened Queen Charlotte's Sound, and faw three fla(hes arifing from a ilrong hold of the natives. We inugin- ed them to tic (ign.ils of the EurAi)cans, and probably of our old friends in the .Adventure ; when wc fired fomc guns. Me were anfwcrcd, and in a Ihort time faw the Adventure at anchor. We were faluted by Capt. Furneaux with 13 guns, which we very chcarfully re- turned ; none candcHribethe joy wc feit at this nioft happy meeting. As it mufl be plcafing to our Stibfcribers and Readers, whofc generous encouragement wc gratefully ac- knowledge, and it being our intention, in return, to render this work as complete, in every rcf|)cft. as potnbic, we here prcfent them w ith a Narrative of Capt. Furncaux's proceedings, and of the various incidents that happened, during the fcparation of the two Ihips, to their joining again in Queen Char- lotte's Sound ; with fomc account of Van Dicmcn's Land. A D mi nr HE Adventure, on Sunday the 4th ■ ''>»■ X of February, after having loftfight of the Kcfulution, in a very thick fog, had no other means of again meeting with her, but by cruizing in the place were they parted company, or by repairing to Char- lotte Bay, the tirft appointed place of rendezvous, in cife ftich a misfortune Hiould hapncn. Soon after their fcparation, the j»coplc of the Adventure heard a gun, the report of which they judged to be on the laiboard bea.ii; upon which, they hauled up S. E. and fired a four iKiui.der every half hour; but receiving no return, nor light of their companion, they kept the courfc they h.id llcerc; before the fog came on. In the evening it began to blow hard. The ftorm was attended witn a pr(Kligious fall of r.iin, every drop of the li/.c of a roiiiiuoii pea; and the fca broke over the ihip's bo>«s to the height of the yard arms; yet, at interval', the weather Mas more clear; but at thcfe lavnurable op- portunities, they could not fee their ^^i^lcd for object, the Hcfi)hiti«)n, which gave them many moments re- plete with inexpiiiilible uncafmcfs. They then Hood to the weUwaril, to cruize in the latitude where they laft faw her, according to agreement, in cafe of fcparation ; but the rtorm returned with renewed fury, and the weather being again exceeding hazy, they wetc com- (>elled to bring to, uhich unroward circumftance pre- vented tiKin from reaching the intended place ; how- ever, they cnii'/.cd as near the fame as they could for three days, when, after having kept beating about the tii, in the mud terrible weather that any Ihip could poflibly endure, and giving all hopes over of joining their loll conipanion, they bore away for winter-quarters, 1400 leagues didant from them; and, having to travcric a fca entirely unknown, they took every precaution lor their fafcty, and reduced the allowance of water to one quart a day (i>r each fcaitKin. On the the Hth, they kept between the kitiludc ^i .mnt that they come into this bay from their wigwams or huts, which are formed of boughs, either broken, or fplit, and tied together w ith grafs : the larg^ft ends are uuck in the ground, and the (inaller are brought to a point at the top ; making the whole of a circular form, which is covered with fern or bark, in the middle of which is the fire-place, furrounded ,/ith heap* of mufclc, pear fcallop, and cray-fifh (hells. In one of their huts we found the ftone they ftrike fire with, and fome tinder made of the bark of a tree. In others of their wigwams were one of their fpears, (harp at one end, with fome bags and nets made of gra(s, which contained, we imagine, their ,>rovifions and other nece(raries. We brought inoft of thofc things away, leaving in their room medals, pun- flints, a few nails, and an old iron-hooped empty barrel. The huts of thcfc people fecmed to be built only for a day, the workmanlhip being fo (lender, that they will hardly keep out a (hower of rain. The inhabitants lie on the ground, on dried grafs, round their fires. They \v.in- tv about, in fmall parties, from one place to another in fearch of food, the chief end of their exiftencc; and, from what wc could judge, they arc altogether an ignorant, wretched race of mortals, though natives of a country capable of producing every necelfary of life, and a tiimate the fineft in the world. Having got on Iward our wood and water, wc failed out of Ad- venture Bay, intending to coa(\ it, with a view (>f dif- covering whether Van Diemcn's Land is part of New Holland. On 'I'licfday the i6th, we paflTcd Maria's Iflandj:, and on the 1 7th Schouten's, when we hauled in for thi main land, and ftood off two or three leagues along ihorc. Here the country appeared well inhabited, and the land level ; but we diJcovercd not any ligns of a harbour or bay, wherein a Oiip might anchor with fafcty. 'Ihe land in lat. 40 dcg. coniin S. trends to the wtftward, and from this latitude fo that of 39 deg. 50 niin. is nothing but iflands and (hoals ; the land ap- pearing high, Rxky, and barren. Wc now ft(K)d to the northward, and again nwde lan(l piudent to leave the toaft, and make the bell of his way for New Zealand. On thi- 24th, having left Van Diemen's land, a very fcvere fijuall reduced us to reefed courfts. We Ibipped manv waves, one of which ftove the large cut- ter, an 1 with much difficulty we prevented the fmall one from being walhed over-noaid. After this heaw gale, which continued twelve hours, we had more tem- perate weather, actompanicil with calms. At length we made the coaft of Nlcw Z^land in 40 deg. 30 min. S. latitude, having nin tw.;nty-four deg. of loijgitude from Adventure Bay, in a palTage of fifteen days. When we firft camcin fight of land, it appeared high, f(^rm- ing a confided group .if hills and mountains. We (tiered along fliore to the northward, but our courfe was much retarded by the fwcll from the N. \i. On .Saturday, Apnl the 3d, at fix o'clock, A. M. w« dvfcricd land, which .ipon a nearer approach wc knew to be that which lies between Rock Point and Cape Farewell, fo named by Capt. Cook, when on his return ^m his la(l voyage, c ape Farewell, the fouth point of the entrance of the well fide of the (traits, bore E. by N. half N. three or four leagues dilYant. Sunday, the 4th, wc continued our courfe, and (^ood to the eadward for Charlotte's Sound. On Monday, the 5th, we worked up to windward under Point JackfOn. From Stephen's liland to this point, the coutfe is nearly S. E, difiance eleven leagues. Wc fired feveral guns while (landing ofl^ and on, but faiv not any inhabitants. At half pad rwO P. M. we an- chorea in thirty-nine fathoms water, muddy ground ; Point Jackfon being S. E. half E. three leagues. At eight we weighed and made fail. Tuefday, the 6th, at eight o'clock A. M. had the Sound open, and worked up under the wedern (bore. At ten came to, clofe to fome white rocks, in thirty-eight fathoms, and on the 7th anchored in Ship Cove, in ten fathoms water, and moored the bed bower to the N. N. E. In the night heard the howling of dogs, and people hallooing on the cad (bore. Capt. F'urneaux now ordered the large cut- ter to be manned, and fent her, with & proper guard, toexamine, whether there wcrcjiny figns of the Refo- lution having arrived at that harbour. The boat re- turned, witnout the lead difcovcry, but that of the pod, ere(fled by the Endeavour's people, on the top of a hill, with her name and time of her departure in 1 770. Upon this, wc indantly prepared to fend the tents a(horc, for the accommodation of thofe who were afflided with the fcuny ; w hilc fuch who enjoyed health were very alert in catching fi(h, which proved of great fervice in recovering our fick, to whom frelh provitions were both food and phyfic. On Friday, the 9th, three canoes came along-fidc the Adventure, having fifteen Indians of both fexes, all armed with battle axes, and with other oReniive weapons made of hard wood, in the form of our of- ficers fponiooni, about four feet in lenu;th ; but they had neither bows n»r arrows. A kiniT of mat was wrapt round their (houlders, and tied about their waids with a girdle made of grafs. Doth men and women exhibited a mod favage appearance, and were very unwilling to venture on board. The Captain made them prefcnts, and by (igns invited them to trade. They accepted the prefcnts, and fome of them alfumcd courage enough to trud theinfelves on deck. One of our gentlemen, feeing fomething wrapt up, had the curiolny to examine what it was, when, to his great furpri/.e, he found it to be the head of a man, which, by its bleeding, feemed to be frelh cut off. As Capt. Cook had expreded his abhorrence of fuch unnaivral ads, the Indians were very apprehenlive of its being forced from them, and the man, to whom it tjclonged, trembled for fear of being puniflicd. They therefore, with furprizing dexterity, in order to con- ceal the head, diifred it from one to another, till it was conveyed out of fight ; endeavouring, at the fame time, 10 convince us by figns, that no fiich thing was in their polTcllion. They then left the diip, and went on (hore, not without fome vilible fi ns of difpk-afure. In this vifit they often mentioned '^^ . name of Tupia, and upon being infonned he died at Bat.ivia, fome of them with much concern enquired •.vhether wc killed him, or if he died a natural death. By thcfc c]uif- tions, wc concluded thefe Indians were fome ol the fame tribe who had vifited the EnJca\our'i >-ompnny. They returr.id in the afternoon, with filli and fern roots, which they bartered for nails, to thcni the mod valu.iblc articles j but the man and woman w ho had the head were not anwng them. Having i\ csralogtie of wonis in their language, we called fevcral ihing.s by name, at which they iccmed much fiirprizcd, and of- fered a quantity of filh iot the catalogue. On Satur- day the lOth about eight in the nwrning, five double canoes came along-fiae the Adventure, with aliout filiy Indians, at the head of whom was their chuf Wc purthafcd of them, for nails, and bottles, their imple- ments of war, done hatchets, cloth, &c. upon ^'Adx tliey fet a high price. Several of their head men raraa on *.i. ':i\ V) ^. 131 Capt. COOK '8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. i ,11* ■ t . tt :j t* ir . f *. fii oh tKMrd, nor would cliey quit the (hip by fair meant ( but u(>on prcfcnting a niufquet with a bayonet Hxcd, they quickly took leave of us, feeniingly in uttit good humour ; and atb rwards they viliccd us daily, bringina with them lilh in abundance, which they exchanged for nails, beads and other tritlcs. They behaved quite peaceably, and, having difpofcd of their caigoci, de- parted at all times, fcemincly, well pleafed. We now placed a guard on little ilTand, which, at low water, IS joined to Mortuara, called the Hippah, at which place was an old fortified tow n, that had been aban- doned by the natives. We took poflcflion of their houfes, and by finking a fort within fide, nude them very (omfortahle. Here our aftronomer crctftcd his eb- fervatory ; at the fame time wc tlruck our tents on Mortuara ; and having run farther into the cove with the fliip, we moored her for the winter, on the weft fhore, and gave her a winter coat to prcfcrvc her hull ; then after lending adiorc the fpars and lumber of the decks to be caulked, wc pitched our tents near the river, at the watering-place. On Tuefday, the 1 1 th of May, fcvcral of our crew, who were at work on (horc, very fenfiWy felt thefltock uf an earthquake, froi;i which circumftance wc think it probable, that there are volcanos in New Zealand, as thefc pha-noniena generally go together. On the 1 3th, the weather continuing fair, and the Indians friendly, the Captain and oHlccrs were preparing to go afliore, when about nine A. M. no left than ten canoes came padling down the .Sound. Wc counted one hundred and twenty natives all armed. When along-lidc of the (hip, they cxprcllcd a dclirc to be admitted on board; but Capt. Furncaux, not liking their looks and gef. turt^i, g;u c orders, that a few only fhould be admitted at a time. 'Ihcfc behaved fo diforderly that thcfailors were obliged to turn them out, and it now appeared plainly 'hat the intentions of our vifitors were to make thtmlclvts mailers oi the iliip ; however, (inding the crew to be upon their guard, they became more civil, but not lulore a j^rcat gun was difcharged over their headii, which alone intimidated them. Ik'ing thus re- duced to order, the people on board pnxluced fevcral articlds, fuch as beads, fmall clafp knives, IcilFars, iloth, paper, and other triries, which they bartered liir hattif axes, fpeais, weapons of various Ibrts, (ifh- hooks, and otiicr curiolitics, the manufacture of the country. Ik-ing \i(ibly liifappointcd in the execution of their grand dclign, they KK>k to their canoes, all gabbling together in a language, a word of which no line on board could underllaml : but previous to their #i-parturc, the capisin and oilicers made prcfcnts to thole among them \\ho appeared to Ix: their chiefs, wimh they accepted with great apparent fatisfasH ion. I'hree months wen- now elapfed linrc the Adventure \fi\} light of the Rifolution ; but on the 17th ihc was Ifci) at Jackfon Point. We immediately fent out boats to her allillance, it bciiv^ calm, to tow her into the Sound. In the evening llie anchored about a iiule nitluiut Us, and next morning weighed and uarped \uihm u.i. The pleal'ure the ihips companies telt at meeting can only be conceived by thofc who have been in like circumltances, each were as eager to relate as the others were to hear. Having thus related the pro- grcl's of the Adventure, we now come to record the rranlactions of both (hips after their iuncltion. It were •little more than a rejictition of the Adventure's dillrelles to reiap;.ulatc the elleots of the boilkrous weather that were felt by the crew of the Refolution ; txring fomc- timcs furroundcd with iflanJs of ice, out of which they could onK extricate thenifclves In' the utmod exertion of ihcir IkiU in fcaiiianfliip, (()metimes involved in llicets of licet and fnow, anil in mirts fo dark, that a man on the forecalUe eould no: be fccn from the quar- ter ileck ; fumctimcs the fca rolling mountains high, while the runninj^t.Kkle. made biittK by the feverity of the froft, was frequently fnapping, and fomctimcs rcn- ilercd immoveable. Amidit the hardlliips of fuch a intvcrfe, there is nothing more a(b)ni(hing, than that tjie crew (hould continue in perfcit health, (carcc a man being lo ill u to be incapable of duty. Nothing can I li redound mon/ to the honour of Capt. Cook, than Ihh paying Lortii^uUr attention to the prefcrvation of health amftng his company. By obferving the ftridleQ difci, pline from the higheft to the lowed, his cominandt were duly obfcrved, and puniSuallv executed. When the fervicc was hard, he tempered the feverity thereof by frequently relieving thofe employed in die pertbrm- ance, and haWnp all lutnds at command, he wu never under the ncceflity of continuing the labour of any f« of men beyond what their ftrength and their fpirit* could bear. Another neccflary precaution was, that in fine or fettled weather, the captain never fuflered any of his men to be idle, but conftantly einployed the ar- mourers, the carpenters, the profcfTed navigators, foie- maftmen, &c. in doing fomething each in his own way, which, though not immediately wanted, he knew there might be a call for before the voyage was com- pleted. Having by this means left no fpare time for gaming, quarrellii^ or rioting, he kept them in ac- tion, and puniflicddrunkenncfs with the utmoft feve- rity J and thus bv pcrfcvcring in a ttady line of con- dud, he was enabled to keep the fca till reduced to a very fcanty portion of water 1 and when he defplircd of finding any new land, and had fully fatisfied himfrif of the non-cxiftence of any continent in the quarter he had traverfed, he diredled his courfe to Cnarlotte's Sound, the place appointed for both (hips to rcndcz-< vous in cafe of feparation, and appeared otf the fame, (as has been already related) on Tuefday, the 1 8th of "'ay, 1773, and here wc difcovcred our confort the Adventure, by the (ignals (he made to us, an event every one in both (hips felt with inexpreflibic fatisfiidion.' The next morning after our arrival, being Wednef- day, the 19th, Capt. Cook went oft" in the boat, at day-break, to gather fcurvy grafs, celery, and other vegetables. At breakfaft time he returned w ith a boat load, enough for the crews of both (liips ; and knou - ing their falutary cflicacy in removing fcorbuiic com- plaints, he ordered that they lliould be boiled with wheal and portable broth, every morning for breaktad, and with pcafe and broth for dinner, and thus drelTed they arc extremely beneficial. It was now the Cap- tain's intention to vifit Van Dicmen's land, in order to detenninc whether it made a part of New Holland ; but as Capt. Furncaux had cleared up this point, it waa refulvcd to continue our refearchcs to the ca(l between the latitudes of 41 dcg. and 46 deg. In confequencc of this determination Capt. Cook ordered out his men to alTift the crew of the Adventure in preparing her for fea. He was induced more efpccialiy to this, lie- caufe he knew rcfrelhments were to be prtKurcd at the Society Iflcs. Ontheaoth, wc vilited the fortificati- ons of the natives where the obfervatory was fixed. It is only acceffiblc in one place, and there by a narrow, difticult path, being (ituated on a (lce|) rock. The huts oi the natives iTood promifcuoudy within an in- clofurc of pallifadoes ; they confilU-d only of a roof, and had no walls. I'erhaps thcfe are only occalionat abodes, w hen the Indians find themfelvcs in any dan- ger. Capt. Furncaux had planted before our arrival, a great quantity of garden feeds, which grew vcrv well, and produced plenty of fallad and European greens. This day C^apt. C<»k lent on (horc, to the watering- place, near the Adventure's tent, the only ewe and ram remaining of thofc we brought (rom the Cape of (iood Hope. On the nil wc went over to Long Ifland. w hich conlifts of one long ridge, the top nearly level, and the (ides (Veen. Fierc we (i^und various kindK of (lone, and fowcd iJi(ferent kinds o( garden feeds u{X)n fome f\ynt% which wc cleared (or that purpofe. On Saturday, the lad, we (bund the ewe and ram dead, whofe dea'h we fuppofcd to have been occafioned by fome poifoiwus plants. About noon we were vilited by two final! canoes in w hich were five men. They dined w ith us, and it was not a little th;y devoured. In the evcn'ng they were difmiffed with pirfcnts. ITiey re- fembled the people of Dulky Bay. t)ut were much more familiar, and did not appear concerned at feeing us, which was probably owing to their having before vilited the crew of the Advcntur j. Sonic of our crew made uis cook's second VOYACJK— lorimkinRDifcovcricJ in the 5«//A 5m/ & Round the A'///. 133 ufc of their canoes- to fct themfclvci athorc, on which they complained to the Captain 1 nnd, upon their ca- noes being reftorcd, they feemed highly delighted. On Monday the a4th, early in the morning, Mr. Gilbert, the maftcr, wa» dirpatched to found about the rock we had difcovercd in the entrance of the found 1 at the fame time^Capt. Cook, accompanied by Capt. Furncaux and Mr. Forfter, fct off in a boat to the well bay on a (hooting party. They n>ct a large canoe, in which were 14 or 15 people ; and the firit (juelUon they aflced was concerning the welfare of 'iupia. Ifc- ing told he was dead, they cxpreflcd fome concern. The feme enquiry, as has been obfcrved, was made of Capt. Furneaux when he firll arrived, and on our getting aboard in the evening, we were informed, that lome Indians in a canoe, who were ftrangers to our iKopIc, had alfo enquired for Tupia. Mr. Cilbert navmg founded all round the rock, which he found to be very fmall and Hcep, returned Lite in the evening. This day the Kcfohition received another vilit from a family who came with no other intent than partaking of our food, and to get fome of our iron work. We wanted w know their names, but it was a long time before we could make them underftand us. At laft we found that the oldeft was called Towahanga, and the others Kotugha-a, Koghoaa, Khoaa, Kollakh, and Tau- pua|)enia. The laft was a boy about twelve years of aj;e, very lively and intelligent. He dined with iiii, cat voracioully, and was very fond of the crull of a pie made of wild fowl. He did not much relilh Madeira w ine which the captain gave him, but was very fond of fome fweet Cape wine, which elevated his fpirits and his tonp^ie was perpetually going. lie very much wanted the captain's boat cloak, and feemed much hurt at a refufal. An empty bottle and a tuble-clorh being alfo denied him, he grewexceedirg angry, and at length was fo fullen, that ne would not fpeak a word. On Saturday the 29th inllant, a great number of natives furrounded us w ith canoes, who brought goods to ex- change, for which they got good returns, owing to the cagernefs w ith which our failor^i outbid each other, all of them being delirous of having Ibmc of the produc- tions of this country. Among thefe Indians we faw many women whole lips were of a blackilh hue, and their checks were painted with a lively red. They had large knees, and (lender bandy legs, owing to want of cxcrcife, and lilting in their canoes crofs legged. Thefe ladies were very .igrccable to our crews, who had no opportunity of indulging an intercourfc with other Koincn liiue our departure from linglami; and they foon found out, that chartity was n t a dilUnguifliing pan of their charader. Their confent was ealily pur- tliafcd: a fpike nail, or an old lliiit, was a fuHicient bribe: the lady was then left to make her man happy, and to exact from him another prefent for herfelf. We muft obfirvc to the credit of fome of ihcfe women, and to the difrrcdit of their men, that fevcral of the former i'.ibinitted to this proftitution with much fccniing re- luchuKc ; and they wcrefometimes terrified into a com- pliance iiy th authority and even menices of the men. The New Zealanders encoutuf;ed by the gain of this ilifgraceful commerce, went thr()Uj,'h both the (hips, olTeriiigiheir daughters and fillers to the proniifcuous embraces of every one for iron, tools, A:c. but the mar- fieil women were not obliged to carry on this infamous kind of irathr. Indeed it feems to be an edabiiihed curtnm in New /'ealand for a girl to bellow her iiivour on a number of men, without the lead infringement on her character J but after m, riage, the ftrictclT conjugal fidelity i- expected frciu her. Sketches of the moll eharaClerirtic of their ti>ce» were taken by our draughtf- mcn. Several of the old men in particular, had very exprelli\e cimntenanccs; and fome of thevoung one's looked very lavage, owing to rhcir biilliy hair hanging over their faces. Their drof. is like what is exactly defcribed in our copjw-f hrn for this work. In the evening they all went on luoir, imd --eelrd temporary huts oppolite to the (hipsi. H:,i d.. , made fires, and prepared their fuppcrs, which eonlilKd of frelli filh, w huh they caught with great dexterity. One of thefe ,No. 15. Indians Capt. Cooit took over to Mortuara, and flicwed him fome {wtatocs, in a thriving condition, which were planted by Mr. Fannen, maftcr of the Adventure. The man was fo well pleafcd with tliem, that of hi'* own accord, he began to hoc up the earth round the plants. He was tncn conduced to other plantations of turnips, carrots, and parfnips, of which it was eafy to give them an idea, by comparing them with fuch roots as they were well acuuainted with. We mull further remark of thefe people, that not any of our me- thods of fifliing arc equal to theirs. On the 30th inflant, we went over to lx)ng Ifland, to colleift fome hay which the crews had made, and to bring fome vegetables on board. In this trip we found feveral new plants, and Ihot fome fmall birds, which we had not feen before. In the afternoon, leave was given to fome of our failors to go on fliore, where they again piirchafed the embraces of the women. Thefe fellows muft have lieen very keen indeed, or , they would have been difgulled with the imcleanlinefs of their doxies, all of whom had a difagieeable fmell, which might be fcenteil at a confiderable diftancei and their clothes as well as hair fwarined with vermin to a very gre.it degree ; which they occalionally cracked Ix-twecn their teeth. It is furprizing how men, who had received a civilized education, could gr.itily the animal appetite with fuch loathfome creatures. VVhile this party were on ftiore, a young woman on board ftolc one of our feamcn's jackets, and gave it a young man of her own tribe; upon the failor's taking it from the Indian, he received feveral blows on the fai.e by the young fellow's lift. At lirft the failor took this as in joke, but upon perceiving thcafliiiLmt to be m earneft. It. gavf iiim a hearty Englifti drubbing, and maile him cry out t(>r quarters. At this time Capt. Cook con- tinued his employment of lowing, in diircreiu fpots cleared for th- purpofe, all forts of vcgetaSlcs that he thought wouK' grow in this country, lucii as potatoes, beans, peas, t jrn, &c. OnTuefday the ill of June, we were vilitid by fe- veral natives whom we had not feen before, and who brought with them fundry new articles of commerce j among thefe were dogs, fome of which we puich.ifcd. Of thefe people we law a few oddly marked in their faces, by ipiral lines deeply cut in them. Such kind of marks were very regular in the face of a middle-aged man, named Tringho Waya, who appeared to be a perlbn of note, and to have autluirity over his brethren. This company feemed to underftand [)erfeclly well how to trallic, and did not like we fliouUl make hard bar- gains. Some of them entertained us with a dance on the quarter deck, previous to w hich they parted w ith their upper garments, and ftood in a row. Thev fung along, and its chorus all loj^'thcr, making during the performance many frantii. gcllurLj. Mufic accom- panied this fong and dince, but is w.is not >cry narmonious. On Wednefday the 2d, we fet afticre on the caft-fidc of the found a male and a female goat. The Litter, which was nuire than a year old, had two line kids, that were killed by the cold fome time btforc wcLiriivud in Dulky Bay. Cipt. Furneaux likewile put on llicre, in Cannibal Cove, a boar and two breeding lows, wliicli were left to range in the woods at pleafure. Should they remain unmolefted by the natives till they become wild, they will then be in nodanf,er. and in time this country may be flocked with thefe ul'eful aniviv.ils. In an excurlion made this day by fome of j)iir people to the call, they met with the iargeft leal they had ever feen. They difcovered it fwimming on the furlacc of the water, and got near enough to fiie nt it, bur without elfed i ami after purfuing it near an hour, tliey were obliged to give over the chafe. By the lize of thi» animal, it probably was a fca-lioneli> ; Capt. Cook was of this opinion from having feen a fca-lioti when he entered this found, in his lormer voyage ; and he thought thefe creatures had their abode in liiiiie of the rwks. that lie off Aeimiralty Bay, and in the ftrait. On the -^d, fome boats were lent to I.ong liland, to bring away the retiuinder of the hay, and ;>ur carpenter 3 L went 1^ «J* Ctpt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ! i- m ^ U went ever to the eaft-fide of the found, to cut down fimie fpn. which were much wanted. On their re- turn, one of the boatt wu chafed by a targe double canoe, containing above Rhy men. Prudence diifhtcd to efftdl an efcape by faihng, for thou|(h the Indians might have no hodile intentions, yet this wu a neccf- farv caution. Friday the |th of June, being hit Majefty's birth< day, we hoifted our colours, and prepared to celebrate the day with the ufual fcftivittcs. Early in the morn- inp our friends brought us a large fupply of filh. One of them promifed to accompany us in our voyage, but afterwards altered his mind, u did alfo fome others who had made a like promife to the people of the Ad- venture. It was very common for thefe people to bring their children with them, not with the unnatural intention of felling them, M was reported, but in ex- peifUtion that we would make them prefcnts. A man Drought his fon, a boy about ten years of age, and pre- fentcd him toCapt. Cook, who thought .it firft he wnnicd to fell him : but we foon found tne deflre of the tsithcr was inclined only towards a white (hirt, which was given to his Ion. The boy was fo highly dclighteil with nis new garment, that he went all over the Ihip, prcfenting himfelf before every one who came in his way. This freedom, or perhaps the colour of his drefs, or the boy's an . gedures, offer Jr \ old Will, the ram goat, \vho by a fudckn butt knocked him backwards on the deck. The Ihirt was dirtied ; the misfortune fcei^ed irrepar'blc to the boy, who feared to appear be', re li.^ fnth.' in the cabbin. until brought in by Mr. Forfter i vhcjihrtrld .i very lamentable ftory againlt Crourf y, . he JL^rcai I'log (for fo they called all the quad- ri'^jeds wt ha«i a'ocjrd) nor would he be reconciletl till Ihs ibirt 'Hi walhed and dried. From this trifiint' Jlorv ii'iy lie I'etn ho> liable we are to miflake theft nccpU .1 ii,-aning ,i.iid to afcribe to them cuftoins they ■>r(. ut'rr '- ftood af the head of the canoe, and another at . .)c ftern, while the roll kept their feats One of them held a green bough, the New Zealani' flag in his hand, and fpoke a few words. The othei made a locq ha.Tingue, in folcmn and well articulated founds. Biitiig invited aboard, he at lall ventured, and was followed foon by the reft, who eagerly traded with us. They direvflly faluccd the natives on board, by an application of their nofes, and paid the fame compli- fticnt to the gentlemen on thequarter-deck. The chiefs name was I'eiratu. They all enqtyred for Tupia, and were much concerned at hearing of his death. Thefe ncoplc were taller than any we had hitherto feen in New Zealand, and their drefs and ornaments bef|X)ke them fupcrior to the inhabitants of Queen Charlotte's Sound. I'heir tools were made with great attention, and were elegantly carved : we obtained a few of thefe, and alfo fome mufical indruments from them. They made but .-v fliort ftay, and, embarking, they a'! v ent o\er to Mortuara, where, by t'.ie help of our g'\[le\ we difcovcred four or five canoes, and feveral people on the fhorc. About noon Ca[.t. Cook, accompanied o levera! other gentlemen followed them, and were rec( \\ ^ wit'n t\cry iTiaik of friendihip. "The capuin d f ributcd feveral pnlcnts, among which were a great ni i -"ber ot brafs nicii.ils inHribcd with the king's title or or • f?de, ami the llilp « hich undertook this voyage an the other. i'eiratu appeared to be the chief among thefe people, by the great degree of rcfpcdl i ..d him. Capi C> ok condii(fled Teiratu to the garden he had planted, at.'d obtained a promilc from him that he would not fuifer it to be derfroyed. Karly in the morning of the 7th of June, we failed from thi? place in company with the Adventure, but had frequent hindrances from contrary winds. On the twenty-fccond of July we were in lat. 32 deg. 30 min. long. 1.}-} deg. 40 min. W. And now the weather was (0 v.arm, that we ucic obliged to put on lighter cloaths. We did not fee a finglc bird this day, which was .1 rather remarkable, as not one da^ had hitherto palTcd fince we left the land without feeing feveral. Capt. Cook having heard that the crew of the Adventure were fickly, went on board the 39th of July, when he found the cook dead, and 20 men ill with the fcurvy and flux. Only three men were on the (ick lift on board the Refolution, which was certainly owing to the captain's abfolutelv enforcing the eatiiig celery and fcurvy-grafs with the food, though at firft the crew did not like it. All hopes of difcoverins « continent now vanifhed, as we had got to the nortnward of Caut. Carteret's tradls, and we only expeded to fee iflands till our return to the S. Every circumftance confidercd, we were induced to believe that there is no Southern Con., tinent between New Zealand and America ; it is very certain that this palToge did not produce any fure ligns of one. On the 6th of Auguft, Capt. Fumeaux came on board the Refolution to dinner, and rcponed, that his people were n\uch better, that the flux had ouite left them, and that the fcurvy was at a ftaml. The fcorbutic people had been well fupplieJ with cyder, which in a great meafure contribute' to this happy change. I^ind appeared to the fou^n on the eleventh inOant at day break, which we jirdged to be one of thofc iflands difcovered by Monf. Bougainville. Wc called it Refolution Ifland, it lies in the latitude of 17 deg. 24 min. longitude 141 deg. 39 min. W. Wc did not flay to examine ir, as it did not appear large enough to fupply our wants j we therefore determined to make the belt of our way to Otaheite, where wc were fure of a plentiful fupply cf refreflimenrj. In the evening wc faw land again, which in all probability was anothcrof Monf. Bougainville's difcoverics. This wc called Doubtful Ifland. On the morning of the 1 2th inllant at day-break, we difcovered land at abouc two miles ahead of us, fo that we were advifed of our' danger but juft in time. This was another fniall half dro« ned ifland. The fea broke againft it in a dread- ful furf. This ifland is in latituTc 17 deg. j min. longitude 143 deg. 16 min. W. We called it Fur- ncaux Ifland. On the 17th, wc faw another of thefe iflands in latitude 17 deg. 4 min. longitude 144 dtg. 30 min. W. It is with very great propriety that Monf. Bougainville calls thefe low overflowed iflands the Dangerous Archipelago. Wc were under the ncccf- fity of proceeding with the utmolt caution, efpecially in the night, as we were furroundcd by them, which the fmoothncfs of the fea fuflieicntly indicated. On the 14th, wc found ourfelves clear of^th.fe iflands, and ftcered our courfe for ()LD'icite. Wc faw Ofnaburg Ifland (which was difco'\ii,ii by Capt. Wallis) ontho t5th, at five in the monang, and acqur'iit d Capt. Fumeaux that it was our intention tc | Jt ini^ Oati- piha Bay, near the fouth end of Otaheite, and get what refreflimcntc we c.^u.d in that paitof the illand, before '*e went to Matp.vii. On the «'!». wc were within a Itugue of the reef. On accr unt of the breeze failing us, we hoifted out our boats to tow the fliips ofl", but the <■ nld not keep us "rom being carried toft near thv, i.;' Many in- habitants came on board from diflercnt parts, who brought fr-its, &c. to exchange; ri xy molt of them knew ( ■ pt Cook again, and enqu- < 1 .ur Mr. Banks and otic rs, hut none of them aik^d tor Tupia. Our fuuation became ftill more dangerous as the calm con- tinued. On fendii^ to examine the weftem point of the reef, in order to get round that way into the bay, we found that the/e was not fuflicicnt depth of water. Both fliips were carried with great iinpetuofity towards the reef, and all the horrors ot fliipwreck now flared us in the face. The breakers were not two cables IciyH from us, and wc could find no bottom to anchor. 1 k Refolution came at three fathoms water, and ftruck at every fall of the fea, but the Adventure brouf h* up under our bow without ftriking. The dreadK ' urf which broke under our fiern threatened our fhipw c.A every moment. At length we found ground a little without the bafon, and got the fliip afloat by cut >ng awjy f O I i 4 f Jr* ) ,»^', IIFI fl hi\ i X ^ O' 1*J ^ -3 :)4'*' . I III I f yf-i i .I'll i: n m- j^ :i 1 ' >>•' .1; i ' '^'' I'll tf ii ffffit 5? Iff '■I 1 I .« • \. »■♦ M »■ 'c .1 ♦ : •1' a , * Ml*' *i* ^t- .1 A r?^" ;% ■%l-; ^^i^-jrjt? ;.. ^; ?>, Sff''-" .■ \..*-:r;^^ . .'V ■ ■■■■.■■, ^M%': . ^':.;•■c;i "^» »•«►_«. %,-iA^-l **m^tittnm'%r. ••«.., i«Ml(tiu.^ r ^^ > o' >^ w w H w ) IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I I^|2j8 mz5 ^ Itt 122 :g 1^ 12.0 auu 1-25 III 1.4 I I I 1.6 -► Hiotographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSM (71«) •72-4503 ■^ Z I ■.<4 '!/»;■?<-♦< • •■.'♦'«' ;.i!|i* ;r:iH:- -! "' ? ^>- ■ .;^ik^ '1 . ,1\ . Iw; If * / ^.. M * t! h *! « # •?.•* v fSfSM f >.>«^t V '*'i^ r .# I*** ,-'''T afeii «i-: u* v^ 'I '1 'jfi r. I 4*>- f '« t v,^ COOK.*! SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveriis in the Snuth Seas & Round the World. 1 35 vmif the bower anchor, and the ride ccafed to adirtthe Sum ditefiion. We happily towed offthc Refolution, and all the boati were ordered to aflift the Adventure. Wc happily got once nwre fafe at fea, after narrowly taping ftiipwreck. A number of the natives were on board Se fliipi while we were In thii perilous fltuation, but were totaHy infenfible of any uanger, even while we were ftriking, and when ihr / parted with us they feemed quite unconcerned. Wc anchored in Oati-piha Bay, veiy near the ihore, and were viiitcd by a great number of the natives, who brought roots, fruit, &c. ' Prefents were made to their chiefs of (hirts. axes, and other articles, in return for which they promifed hogs, fowls, &c. but we believe they never mtendcd to keep their promifc. In the afternoon. Captains Cook and Fumeaux landed to found the difpofuion of the natives, and to view the watering-place. The natives behaved with great civility, and we had a very convenient fupply of water. Wc recovered the Refolution's bdwer Anchor, which we were obliged to leave ; but the Adventure loft three in the time of our extremity, which were never recover- ed. We were ftill dipplied with fruit and roots, but not in large quantities. A party of men were trading on Ihore, under the protecflion of a guard. We could not get any hogs from the natives, though plenty were (aid to be feen about their habitations, they all faid they bclonged-to Wahcatow, their chief, whom we had not fe?n. A man who pretended to be a chief came on board with feveral of his friends, to whom prefents were made, but he was detc&ed in handing feveral things over the quarter gallery ; and as complaints of the fame nature were alledged againft thole on the deck, the capuin took the liberty to turn them all out of the fhip. The captain was fo cxafperated at the condud of the pretended chief, that he fired two mufquets over his head, which terrified him fo much, that he quitted his canoe and took to the water. On fending a boat to take up the canoe, the people from the ihore pelted the boat with Hones. The captain went himlelf in another boat to proted her, he likewife ordered a cannon loaded with ball to be Hred along the coaft, which-tcrrificd them fufliciendy, arid he brought away the canoes without any oppoiition. They foon became friends again, and the canoes were returned. Two or three people began to enquire after Tupia, but ; hey were foon fatisfied when they heard the caufe of his death. Several people afkra for Mr. Banks, and other people who were at Otaheite with Capt. Cook before. We were informed by thefe pco- ple^ that there had been a battle fought between the two kingdoms, that Toutaha, the regent of the greater fcninfula, was (lain, and that Otoo reigned in his (lead, n this battle Tubourai, Tannaide, and feveral of our old friends fell. A peace was now fully eftabliihed. On the 19th, the two commanders made an excur- iion along the coaft, and were entertained by a chief (whom mey met) with fome excellent fifh, &c. to whom in return they made feveral prefents. On the 20th, one of the natives fliblr a gun from the people on ihore. ' Some of the natives purfucd him of their own accord, who knocked him down and twought back the mufquct. Wc imi^ine that fear operated more with them in this bufinos than any other motive. On the 3ift, a chief came to viiit us, who brought in a pre- fent of fruit, which proved to be fome cocoa-nuta that we had drawn the water from and thrown overboard. He had io artfully tied them up, that we did net foon difcovcr the deceit. He did not betray the leaft cknotion when we told him of it, and opened two «r three of them himfelf, as if he knew nothing of the matter; he then pretended to be fatisfied that it was really fo, and went on (horc, from whence he fe*tt fome bananoeg and plantains. Wc were informed that Waheatow was come into the neighbourhood, and wilhed to fee Capt. Cook, who accordingly went in company with Capt. Fumeaux and fome gentlemen: they Were likewifealiended by fome natives. About a mile fixxn the laitdif^ place th-y met the chief, ad- • vincing to meet them with a numerous tnin. When the prince perceived the company, he halted. He knew Capt. Cook vety well, as they had feen each othe^ feveral times in 1769. He went at that time by the name of Tcrace,andtook his father's name at his death. We fbund him fitting on a ftoOl ; and as foon as the ufual faluution was over, he feated Capt. Cook on the fame (hx>l with himfelf s the reft fat on the ground. He enquired after feveral who had been on the former voyage, and feemed forty when we told him we muft fail me next day, offering the captain that if he would ftay he (hould have hogs m plenty. Capt. Cook made him many prefents, and ftaid with him the whole morning. This party returned onr board of fhip to dinner, and made this chief ^inothei* Vifit in the after- noon, made him more prefents, and he mve us two hogs. At the different trading places Tome ethers were gOt, fo that a meal's frefh pork ferved for the crews of both ihips. Early in the morning of the 34th, we put to fea, and were accompanied by feveral canoes, who brought cargoes of fruit for falc ; neither did they return till they had difpofcd of them. The fick people on board the Adventure got much relief from thefe fruits. We left a lieutenant on (hore, in order to bring fome hogs, which they promifed to fend by him. He returned on the 35th, and brought eight pigs with him. Wd arrived at Matavai Bay in the evening of the 25 th, and our decks were crowded with natives before we could get to anchor, almoft all of them were acquainted with Capt. Cook. Otoo their king and a great crowd were got together on the fhorc. Capt. Cook was going on fhore to pay him a vifit, but was told that he was gone to Oparce in a fright) which feemed very cxtraordinaty to the captain, as all others were much plcafed to fee him. Maritata, a chief, was on board, and advifed the captain to defer his vifit till next morning. The cap^ tain fct out on the 26th for Oparce, after having givea diredions to fetch tents for the reception of the fick, &c. Capt. Furneaux, Maritata and his wife, and fome others, went with the captain. They were condudled to Otoo as fb. .1 as they were landed, who fat on the ground under a ihady tree, with a great number of people around him. Capt. Cook made him feveral prefents, after the ufual compliments had paffed, being vety well perfuaded that it was much to his intercft to eftablilh a friendfhip with this man. His attendants alfo had prefents made to them, they offered cloth in return, wnich was refufed, being told that what was given was merely out of friendfhip. Otoo enquired for all the gentlemen who had been there before, as well as for Tupia, and promifed to fend fome hogs on board, but was vety backward in faying he would come on board himfelf, being, as he laid, much afraid of the great guns., He was certainly the moft timid prince, as all his a&ions dcmonftrated. He was a pcrfonable well made man, fix. feet high, and about thirty years of age. His ftther and all his ful^eds were uncovered before him, that is, their heads and ihouldcrs were made bare. On the 37th, the king Otoo came to pay us a vifit, attended by a numerous train ; he fent before him two large fifh, a hog, fome finiits, and a large quantity of cloth. After much perfuafion he came on board him- felf, accompanied by his fifters, a younger brother, &c. with many attendants, who all received prefents ; and when they had breakfafted, carried them home to (^aree. Upon landing, an old lady, the mother of Toutaha, met Capt. Cook, feized him by both hands, and, weeping bitterly, told him that her fon and his friend Toutaha were dead. Had not the king taken her from Qq>t. Cook, he muft have joined her lamenta- tions. It was with a good deal of difficulty that the captain prevailed on the king to let htm fee her again, when he made her fome prefents. Capt. Fumeaux gave the king a male and female goat, which we hope will multiply. A lieutenant was fent to Attahourou on the 28th, to purchafe lu^. The king, with his fifter and fome attendants, paid us another vifit foon after fun-rife, and brought with them a hog, fome fruit, and fome more cloth. They likewife went on board the Adventure, 136 Capt. CO OK "8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. <:/.) I 'I le' Adventure, and made Capt. Furneaux the fame pre- fcnts. Soon after they returned, and brought Capt. Furneaux with them. Capt. Cook made them a good return for the preicnts they brought, and drelFed out the king's filter to the greated advantagCi The king was carried again to Oparcc, when his Ota- hcitan majclly thought proper to depart, and was en- tertained as he went with bagpipes and the feamen dancing. Some of hit people danced alfo in imita- tion of the feamen, and performed their parts tole- rably well. Toutaha's mother again prcfented herfcif to Capt. Cook; but could not look upon him without llicddmg many tears. The next day the king promifcd to vilit us agam, but faid we mud firfl wait upon him. The lieutenant whom we fent for hogs returned only with a promife of having fomc, if he would go back in a few days. On the tM"cnty-niuth the commanders took a trip to Oparec, early in the morning, attended by fome of- ficers and gentlemen, .and made the king fuch prcfents as he had not before fcen. One of them was a broad fword ; at the fight of which he was very much inti- midated, and defired it might be taken out of his fight. With a vafi deal of argument he was prevailed upon to fuffer it to be put on his fide, where it remained a very fliort time. We received an invitation to the theatre, where we were entertained w ith a dramatic piece, con- fiding of comedy and dance. The fubjedl we could not well find out; though we heard frequent mention of Capt. Cook's name during the performance. The performers were one woman, which was no lefs a pcr- fonage than the king's fifier, and five men, and tneir mafic confifted of only three drums. The whole en-* tertainmcnt was well conduced, and lafted about two hours. When this divcrfion was over, the king de- fired us to depart, and loaded us with fruit ancTfifii. The king fent more fruit and filh the next morning. In the evening of the thirtieth we were alarmed with the cry of murder from the fliorc. A boat was immediately armed, and fent on fiiorc, to bring off any of our people who might be found there witnout orders, and to difcovcr the occafionof thcdifiurbancc. The boat foon returned, with a feaman and three ma- rines ; others were taken, who belonged to the Adven- ture, and even put under clofe confinement till the morning, when they were fcverely puniflied accord- to their demerits. "The people would not confefs any thing, and it did not appear that any material injury hai' been done. The difiurbancc might beoccafioned by the fellows making too free with the women : not- w ithlVanding this, the alarm was fo great, that the na- tives fled from their habitations in the night ; and the inhabitants of the whole coaft: were terrified. The king hinifelf had tied a great way from the place of his abode ; and w hen Capt. Cook faw him, he complaihcd tovhim of the difiurbance. Capt. Cook prefented the king with three Cape fliecp, as it was his laft vifit. With this prefent he was very well pleafed, though he had not much reafon to be fo, as they were allwea- thcrs ; this he was made acquainted with. The king's fears were now difiipated, and he prefented us with three hogs, one of which was very fmall, which we took notice of. Soon after a pcrfon came to the king, and feemcd to fpcak very peremptorily about the hogs, and we thought he was angry with him for giving us fo many, and more fo when he took the little pig away with him ; but wc were much mifiaken, for foon after we were gone, another hog was brought to us, larger than the other two. The king feemed much aflrdted when Capt. Cook told him he fhould leave the ifland the -next day. They embraced each other feveral times, and departed. , On the fird of September we determined to depart, as the fick were nearly recovered, the neceflary repairs of the fliip were completed, and plenty of water pro- vided. Moft of the day was employed in unmooring the (hips ; and in the afternoon the lieutenant returned, who had been fent for the hogs promifed. With him came Pottatou (the chief of the diftrid of Attahou- nou), with his wife, to pay Capt. Cook a vifit^ and 4 made him a prefent of two hogs and fomc fiih. The lieutenant got likcwifc two more hc^s. As the wind was wefterfy, wc were obliged to difmifs our frienda fooner than they withcd j but they were very weli fatis- fied with the reception they met with. A young man; named Porco, came on board fome hours before we got under fail, and defired to go with us, to which wc confcnted ; and at the fame time he alked for an axe and a fpikc nail for his father, who camewith him on board. They were accordingly given him, and they parted with great indiftercnce, which feemcd to indicate that they had deceived us, and no fuch confaii^inity fub- fifted. Prefently a canoe, conduced by two men, came along-fide, and demanded Porco in the name of Otoo. Wc informed them that wc would part with him if they would return the hatchet and fpikc nail, but they faid they were aihore ; fo the young gentleman failed along with us, though he wept when he faw the land at our ftern. On the fccond we (leered our courfc for the ifiand of Huahcinc, and the' Rcfolution anchored in twenty-four fathoms water on the third in(iant, but the Adventure got a(hore on the north fide of the chan- nel, but (he was happily got off again without receiv- ing any damage. The natives received us with the ut- moft cordiality, feveral of whom came on board be- fore our commanders went on (hore. Some prefcntit were diftributcd amongfi them, which were gratefully returned by a plentiful fupply of hogs, fruit, &c. Here wc had ^ fine profped of being plentifully fupplied with frefli pork and fowls, which was to us very plca- fing. Two trading parties were fent aihore on the fourth inftant, which were very well condudled. Capr. Cook was informed that Orec was ftill aliye, and waited to fee him. The commanders, with Mr. Forfter, went to the place appointed for the interview, accompanied by one of the natives. 1 he boat was landed before the chiefs houfe, and we were defired to remain in it till the necelTary ceremony was gone through. There flood clofe to the (hore five young plantain trees, which are their emblems of peace : tnefc were, with fome cere- mony, brought on board feparately. The firfl three were each accompanied by a young pig, whofc ears were ornamented with cocoa-nut fibres; the fourth plantain tree was accompanied by a dog. All thefe had particular names and meanings, which we could not underfland. The chief had carefully prefcrved a piece of pewter, with an infcription on it, which Capr. Cook haa prefented him with m 1 769, together with a piece of counterfeit Englilh coin, which, with a few beads, were all in the fame bag the captain made for them ; thefe the chief fent on board. This part of the ceremony being over, we were defired by our guide to decorate three young plantain trees with nails, looking- glalTes, beads, medals, &c. With thefe in our hands we landed, and were conduced through the multitude. We were direk, fell on his neck, and kifTed him. A great cfiufion of tcan fell down the ve>- nerable cheeks of this old man ; and if ever tears fpoke the language of the heart, furcly thefe did. Prefents were made to all his attendants and friends. Capt. Cook regarded him as a father, and therefore prefented him with the mod valuable articles he had. He gave the capuin a hog, and a good deal of cloth, with the promife that all his wants fhould be fupplied. Soon after we returned on board, fourteen hogs were fent us, with fowls and fruit in abundance. In the morning of the fifth inflant we were vifitcd by this good old man, who brought a hog and fome fruit ; indeed he fent the captain every day ready drelTed fruit and roots in great plenty. This morning the lieutenant went on ftiore in fcarch of more hogs, and returned in the evening with twenty-eight, and about feventy more were put-chafed on (hdrc. On Monday the fixth of September the tradii^ party went on fiiore as ufual ; it only confiHed of three people. Ci^t. Cook went on (hore after brcakfiill, aitd learat COOK'a SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seat Ac Round the fVorlJ. 1 37 learnt that one of the inhabiuntt had been very infolcnt and troublcfomc. This man wai flicwn to the captsKn, equipped in hii war habit, and he had a club in each hand. The captain took thcfe from him, as he per- ceived him bent on mifchicf, broke them before his face, and obliged him to retire. The captain being informed that this man was a chief, became a little fufpicioui of him, and fcnt for a guard. About ihis time a gentleman had gone out botanizing alone ; two menaflault^ him, and (tripped him of every thing but his trowfera; luckily they did him no harm, though they llruck him fcveral times with hi« own hanger. ~hcy made off when they had done this, and another of the natives brought a piece of cloth to cover him. This gentleman prefentW appeared at the trading place, where a nuinbcr of the natives were aflcmblcd, who all fled at feeing him. Capt. Cook perfuaded (t>me of them to return, aflurinc them that none fliould futTi r who were innocent. When the king heard this coni- }>laint, he and his companions wept bitterly ; and as bon as his grief was alfwaged, he made a long harangue to the people, telling them the bafenefs of fuch adior.s, when the captain and his crew had always behaved lb well to them. He then took a particular account of the things the gendcman had loft, and promifed they fhould be returned, if it was in his power to find them. After this he dcfired Capt. Cook to follow him to the boat, but the people bcmg apprehenfive of his fafct^, ufed every argument to dilTuade him from it. It is impoflibic to defcrilx: the grief they exprefied in the • intrcaties they ufed j every face was bedewed with tears, and every mouth was filled with the nioft dif- fuafive arguments. Oree was deaf to them all, and infilled on going with the captain ; when they both were in the boat, he dcfired it might be put olF. The only perfon who did not oppofe his going, was his lifier, and fiie lhe\(cd a magnanimity of Ipirit equal to her brother. We proceeded in fearch of the rob- bers, as far as it was convenient by water, arid then hnded. The chief led the way, travelled feveral miles, and enquired after them of all he faw. We then went into a cottage, and had fome refrefiiment. The kiiu; wanted to proceed farther, and was with great diflteulty difluaded from it by Capt. Cook. When we retunied to the boat, we were met by the king's filler, Vho had travelled over land to that place, accom- panied by feveral other pcrfons. The king infilled on going into the boat with us, as well as nis fiAer. Wc returned to the (hip, and the king nude Ji very hearty dinner j though his filler, according to cuftom, * ate nothing. We made them fuiuble preients for the confidence they had placed in us, and fet them alhore amidd the acclamations of multitudes. Peace was now perfei£Uy re-eftablilhed, provifions poured in from all quarters, the gentleman's hanger and coat were returned, and thus ended thefe troublefomc tranfac- tions. We went to take our leave of Oree while the (hips were unmooring, and prefented him with things both valuable and ufeful. We left him a copper-plate, with this infcription. •• Anchored here, his^riunnic Majefiy's (hips Kcfolution and Adventure, September I773-" After we had traded for fuch things as we wanted, we took our leave, which was a very affec- tionate one. On returning to the (hips, they were Xiouded, as on our arrival, with canoes fified with hogs, fowls, &c. Soon after we were on board, the king came, and informed us that th^ robbcn w(re taken, and defired us to go on fliorc, that wc might behold their exemplary punifiiment. This we (hould have been glad to have done, as fo much pains had been ^keh to difcover them f but it was out of our power, m the Adventure was out of harbour, and we were under (ail. The good old king flaid with us till we ^ere near two miles out at (i;a, and then, after taking another afledionate leave, parted. Dwring our (lay here, we procMred.upwards of three hundred hogs, be- sides fowls and fruit in great abundance. While at this m*nd, Capt. Furneaux engaged a yojing man, named Omai, a native of VUtca. who had been dif- ' ^- 16. poficlfcd of his property by the people of Bolabola, to accompany him on his voyage. This young man ha» a good underdanding, honed principles, and a natural S'ood behaviour. But his hiltory is fo well known in England, that we will not enlarge upon it. On Wednefday the 8th, we entered the harboitr of Ohamahcno 1 the natives croudcd about us with hogs and fruit as foon as wc were anchored. We refuted the hogs, as we had already more than wc could manage t but feveral of the principal people obliged us to take them whether we would or no. Wc made a vifit on the oth to Oreo, who is the chief of this part of the ifland of Ulitea. He expreifed great fatisfadion on feeing Capt. Cook again, and defircd him to ex- change names with him, which the latter agreed, tot this is a didinguilhing mark of fricnd(hip. Here wc traded as ufual, but the balance of trade was much in our favour. On the loth, the chief entertained us with 8. comedy; a very entertaining part of which was a theft, committed, with amaziiigdexterity, by a man and his accomplice. Bclbre the thief has time to carry off the prize, he is difcovcrcd, and a fcuflic enfues ; the dif- covcrcrs are vanquilhcd, and the thieves go off in triumph. We returned to dinner after the play was over, and as we were walking on fiiore in the evening, one of the natives informed us that there were nine un- inhabited iflands to the wedward. Oreo and his fon paid us a vifit early in the morn- ing of the 1 1 th of September, and brought, as ufual, hogs and fruit with them. We dreflcd the youth in a inirt, and fome other articles, of which he was not a little proud . After day ing Ibme hours, they went alhorc, and io did Capt. Cook foon after, but to another part of the fiiore. When the chief heard he was landed, he went of his own accord and put a hog and fome fruit in the boat, ahd returned without faying any thing of it to any other perfon. He afterwards came with fome friends to dinner. After dinner, Po-oorau, who is the mod eminent chief of the iflanJ, made us a vifit. He was introduced by OrcO, and brought a pre- fent with him; for which he received a handfome re- turn. Wc promifed to vifit both the chiefs the next morning: which we accordingly did, in company with leveral gentlemen. Another play was sded, and two very pretty young women pcrformea, othcrwife this piece was not fo enteruining as the one wc faw be- fore. On the 14th, wc fent on (hore for a fupply of bananocs and plantains, for fca fiore. Oreo ana fome friends paid us a pretty early vifit, when we informed him, that we would dine with him on fiiore, and defired he would let us have two pigs for dinner, drefied in their fafiiion. We found the floor of the chief's houfc (Irewed thick with leaves, and we were (bon ieated round them. Soon after the pigs came tumbling over our heads upon the leaves ; and they were both fa hot as fcarcclyto be touched. The table was orna- mented with hot bread-fruit and plantains : we had likewife a quantity of cocoa-nuts to drink. We never faw yidluals drelTed cleaner nor better in our lives, and it had a mod exquifite flavour, much fuperior to vtdhials drelTed inour mode; how they contrived it we cannot tell, but though one of thefe hogs weighed fifiy poimds at lead, it was well done in every part, and not too much done in an^. Oreo and his ion, with-fome male friends, dined wftth us. We had a great number of attendants and people who came to fee us thus dine in public, to whom pieces of pork were handed. The chief did not refufe his glafs of Madeira whenever it came to his turn, and we never at this, or any other time, faw him aifeded by it. The boat's crew took the remainder when we had dined. In the afternoon we were again entertained with a play. Oo the 15th, we had a fuflicient proof of the timor- ous dUpolition of thefe people. We rather wondered that none of them came to the diips as ufual. We were afraid that as two men of the Adventure's crew (laid out all night contrary to orders, that the natives had dripped them, or done them fome other injury, and were afraid w; (}io^ld revenge their condudl. We Il -38 Capt. COOK 8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. went afliore, and found the neighbourhood nearly defcrted. Prefently the two men made their ap- pearance, and reported that they had been very civilly treated. We could get no account of the caufe of thci r flight, and could only learn from a few pcrfons who ventured near us, that fevcral were killed and wounded, and pointed to their bodies where the balli of the guns went in and out. Capt. Cook was very uneafy at this relation, fearing for the fafety of the pemic gone toOtaha. In order to get the bed information, the captain deter- mined to so to the chief himfelf, whom, after much fearching ror, he found fcated under the fliade of a hoUfe, with a great many people round him. There was a great lantentation as foon as Capt. Ctx)k ap.. proarhcd, the chief and all his company burfting into tears. After all this piece of work, it was found that the caufe of their alarm was on account of our bodta being abfcnt, fuppofing that the people in them had defertcd us, and that we fliould adopt violent metho«li to recover them. They were fatisfied when Capt, Cook afliired them there was no caufe for alarm, and that the boats would certainly return. On tl.c morning of the 16th, we paid the chief a vifit, who was in his own houfc in perfect tramjuillity. At thi;i tiipe Porco left us. p-ts 6x:<^. iM \ii >: CHAP. III. A Spanijbjbit'* vijits Otabeite—Stitlf of the ijlands — Raitarkt on ibe difiui/es and rn/tms qf.th' ttativfSy—Mifahen noliant fottcertiing Ibe womn, corrfffed—PaJfage^from Ulilfa to the Friendly Ijles—hhrvey's Jjknd difiOVcred—Luideiits at MiJ. d!ibttrgb—the livo Jhips arrive at AmfterJam—A tlace of -worfuip dtfmM—liiddents ibal happened during their flay at that ifland—The abwe ijlands defcribed— Their frodm—CuJlivatioii—Houfcs—CMioei — Navigation— 'Maiiu^ failures — IVcapons—Cuftmns — Government — Religion and language if the itibaiitants. ON the 17th of September, being Friday, we de- termined to put to fca, having a good fupply of all kinds of refrefhments. Before wc failed, Oreo and his fon paid us a vifit. Several canoes filled with fruit and hogs furroundcd us : of the latter we could re- ceive no more, our decks being fo crouded with them that wc could fcarcely move. In both ftiips were about three hundred and fifty. Oreo and his friends did not leave us till we were under fail, and camefily impor- tuned us to tell them when we fliould return. Capt. Cook, as many young men offered to come away with us, took one on board, about 1 8 years of age, named Oedidee, a native of Bolabola, and a near relation of the great Opoony, chief of the idand. When wc were out of the harbour and had made fail, a canoe was obfcrvcd following us conduced by two men ; where- upon wc brought to, and when along-fide, they deli- vered to Capt. Cook a prcfent of roaded fruit, and foots, from Oreo. The captain after having made them a proper return fet fail to the weft, with the Ad- venture in company. We fliall here give fomc further account of theie iflands, fome things, which are rather interefting, having been omitted in the relation of daily tianfadtions and incidents. A few days after our arrival at Otaheitc wc were told; that a (hip, about the fize of the Refolution, had vifited Owhaiunia Harbour, at the S. E. end of the ifland; at wliich place, after having remained three weeks, flie departed about three months before our arrival. Fdur of the natives went away in her, whole names were pebedebea, Paoodou, Tanadooee, and Opahiah. We conjcfhired flie was a French ihip, but at the Cape of Oood Hope, we w ere informed flie was a Spaniard, fcnt Out from America. The natives of Oiaheite com- clained of a diforder communicated tp them by the people in this fliip, which they defcribed as affefting the head, throat, and ftomach, and at l«!ngth they faid it killed them. This fliip they called Pahai-jio Pcppc (fliip of Peppe) and the difeafe they named Apano Pcp-pe, juft as thcjr call the venereal difeafe Apano Prctane (Englifti difeafe) yet to a rtan, they fay this loathfomc diftcmper was introduced amohg thtm by M- ^e Bougainville s and they thought he came from Preune, as well as every other Ihip that touched at the ifland. Wc were of opinion^ that long before thefe iflandcrs were vifited by Europeans, this, or a difeafe near a -kin 10 it, had exifted among theiri ; for they told yg people died of a diforder, which we imagiiitedf to be venereal, before that period. But be this as it may, the difeafe is far lefs common among them than it waa in 1769, when we firft vifited thefe ifles. Ill the years 1767 ^nd 1768, the ifland ofOuheite, u it were, fwarmed with nogs and fowls; but at this fijP.Q fi was fo ill fupplied with thefe «niinals» that hardly any thing cuild tempt the owners to part with them t' and the little ftock they had fccmcd to be at the difpofal of their kings. When we lay at O.iiti-pilia Bay, in the kingdom ofTlarrabou, or Iclfcr Peninfula, wc were given to underftand, that every hog and fo\»l belonged to Waheatoua ; and that all in the kingdom of Opoureonu, or the greatei- Pcninfula, belonged to OtoQ. While at this ifland we got only 24 hogs m 17 dayjj half of which came from tHe kings thciiifcivcs, and thf other half we were inclined to think were Ipld u> \of their permiflion; But with rcfpcift to all the.fruitp produced in the ifland, with tViefc we were abundantly lupplied, except bread-fruity which- was qot in l«afoi|. Cocoa-nuts and plantains, wc got the^ mqft ofi, thp latter, with a few yam* and ot^ler roots', fuppped the place of bread. At Otaheitc wc procured great pleht/ of apples, and a fruit rcfem^ding s^ nciiarine, <;al|«Hy the natives Ahpcya. Tfhis fruit was cornmon to all the ifles. Of all the fecd^ brought by Europeans to thofe iflands, none thrfvicd fo well as pumpkins, but thrfe they do not like. We attributed the fc^city of hoM to two caufcs: firft to the great number of thefe animals which have been conuimed, and carried away for flock, by the fliips that have touched here of lat& years ; fecpnoUr, to the frequent wars between the two Kingdoms. Twq wc know have commenced fince the year 1767; but at prcfent peace reigns among thein, though they do not leem to entertain a cordial friend- rtiip for each. Pther. We could not learn the occaiion of the late war, rtdor whP were vidtorious in' the con- fli(ft i but wc learnt, that in the laft. battle which terminated the di(j[>ute, numbers were killed on botb fides. On the part of Oppureonu, Toutaha, our very good friend was killca, and feveral other chiefs. Toutaha was buried in his family Mora! at Oparrec ; and feveral- women of his hou'fliold, with hlis mother, are how iiilder the prPt^ion, and uken, care of by Otdp, the reignfng prince ; one, who. did not appear to us, at fiHl, tP much advantage. We could learn bu( little of Waheatoua of TiwtnbbM ; but we obfcrvcd. that this prince, not more than io years of age, a{>. . peared ijn public* with Ml the gravity of a man of fifty : yet his fubjeds do not uncover before him, or pay hiin that outward obeifance as is done toOtoo; yet they ' ' (hewed him equal rcitM^fl, and when abroad, or in ' council, he took upon him rather more flate. HU ' attendants were a few elderly mcn» who feemed to bp his printipal advilers. Such was the prefent (late of Otaheite, but the other iflands, that is Huaheine.v Ulietea, and^Otaha, appeared in a more flourifliing condition, than they were at the time when wc firtt vifited them t fince which, having enjoyed the blefling^ of peace, the people poflefs not only the neccfljtri^s, but, many of the luxu -s of life in great profufions biit COOK"8 SECOND V^VXCj^-^fot- making J^i/lov/N'eAn'the South Stat fc Round tlic fVorlJ. i •^ ai wc have treated at farge of theft iflandi' ih our •Journal and narrative of Capt. Cook'i firft voyage, wc 'ihall not trouble our reader* with uhncceflrary' repeti- tion! I but only add, under this head,' new m:itter, or clear up any mlftako, and feeming Inconfiftcnclcs. In our firft voyage tothcfe places, we were inclined to believe that tne nativw at tinus ottered to their fu- prcme deity human facrificei. To clear up this mat- ter the two captains. Cook and Furncaux, with IbiiK* othen went to a Marai, in Matavai. In our company wc had, as upon all other occalions, an intclligcnr, Tcn- fible man, belonging to the Kefolution, whofpokc the langtiage of the natives tolerably well. In this Marai, or burying place, was a Tupapow, on which lay a dead body, and fomc viands. Wc firft enquired, it' the plantains, &c. before us, were fbr the Etua, and if they offered to him hogs, dogs, and fowls ? They art- " Iwered in the affirmative. We then, after a fe* more introdutflory qucfttons, afkcd,' if th(^ facrificcd Oany of the human fpecicstothe Etua? They anfwcred, yes, Taata-eno, that is bad men, who they 'firft beat till they were dead; but good men were not: faCriHcfcd. We aflced him if arty karees were I Th«y t«^lli|d« that hogs were given to Etua, and only Taata-etfo. A11 the anlwers fcemed to tend to the fam6 point, artd meant, that men for certain crinicl were condemned to be facrificed, provided they had not whei'cwithal to re- rtiftn fathiliarities. That the proportion of proftitutes are greater than that of other toiinrrics iniy be true, amrnioll of them were fuch who fit- qiicntrd our ihips and tents on (hore. IJyobferving tnefe t<) iriix indifcriminatcly with womrn of the firft rank, wc concluded haftily, that all females were of the fame turn, and that the only diffcreme was in the price 1 but the truth is, as wc have more than once be- fore obferved, the woman who proftitutes herfelf, does not ftcm, in the popular opinion, to have committed a crime, which ought to exclude her from the cflcem and fociety of the community in general. It niuft be confeflTcd that alt the women in this part of the world arc complete cOqucts, and that few among them fix any bounds to their converfation; therefore it is no wonder that they have obtained the charadler of women of picafure ; yet we IhoOld think it very unjuft, if the la- dies of England were to be condemned in the lump, tVom the condudof thofe on boafd of lliips in our na- val ports, or of thoft who infcft the purlieus of Co- vent-garden, and Drury-Ianc. Rclpcding the geography of thefe ifles, we think it necenary to add to what has been faid in the narrative of our former voyage, that we (bund the latitude of the bay of Oaitipiha, in Otahelte, to be lydcg. 46min; 18 fee. S. and the eaft longitude from Point Venus, to beodcg.li mill. 21; fee. and an half, or 149 deg. \-\ min. 24 fee. W. from Greenwich. It is highly pro- bable, that the whole ifland is of greater extent than at firft wc fupppfed it to be in 176^. by two miles, and 4 m. 3 quarters refpedtively. Whenoiiraftronomcrs made their obfervations on Point Venirs, they found the latitudctobe i7dcg. 29 min, 13 fee. S. whichditfcis but two fcconds froili that determined by Mr. Green and Capt. Cookj and its lonrritudc, namely, 149 deff. 34mJn.49fcc. and an half W. may be asaccuratcly laid down, for any thmj^ yet known to the central y. After out dc|>arturc iVom the Society Ides, and leav ing tJlietea, it was our intention to get into the lati- tudes of the iflands of Middlcburgh and Amfterdam.to which end, oh Friday the lyih of September, we rtecred tO the weft, inclining to the fouth, with a view of getting clear of the tracks of former navigators, Wc proceeded at night with great circumfpcdlon,' fre- quently laying to, left wc ihould pafs any land unob- lerved. On the 21ft, and theSvhole of the 22nd, wc had rain, thunder, lightning; a large fwell from the fouth, and the wind blew from the N. W. for feveral ; dsys 5 a fign to us, that, in that diredion, no land wa4 near us. This was difcovercd from the maft-hcad, on- Thurfday, the 23d, fttetching from S. by W. to S. W. by S. We hauled tip with the wind at S. E. and found it, to confift of two or three finall iflots, united by • ijreakers, as- are moft of the low ifles in the fea ; the ;;ioIe being ih.a triangular form, and about fix leagues !(! circuit. Thia ifland is'in latitude 19 deg. 18 min. . h. -and it! 158 deg. '^4 min. W. longitude. Each of the fmall connedcd iflcs are cloathcd with wood, par- ticularly of the cocoa-nut kind ; but we faw no traces of inhabitants, and had reafon to believe there were none. To thefe iflots we gave the name of Hervey's Ifland, in honour of Capt. Hervey of the navy, one of the lords of the Admiralty, and now earl of Briftol. As the landing oh this iflc would have occafioned a de- lay, wc rcfumed our courfc to the weft, in which wc faw fome men of war, tropic birds, and flying flfli. On Saturday, the ajth, we aga'n began to ufb our fea bifcuit, the fruit being all confumed; but of frcfli pork each man had every day a nccefTary allowance. On Wcdnefday, the 29th, in latitude 21 deg. 26 min. S. we altered our courfe at noon W. half S. On Friday, the ift of Odober, at two o'clock P.M. we made the ifland of Middlcburgh, and the next morning bore up for the weft fide thereof, pa fling be- tween the fame, and a fmnlUfland that lay off it, where we fbunda clear channel two miles Broad. After run- Uing about two thirds of its length, half a mile from the (hore, we obferved it affiimed another afped, and offered a pn>rpedt borii of anchorage and landing-. Upon this wjlplicd in under the ifland. We were now vifitcd by jib canoes, vyhich came boldly along-fide of us. 140 Capi. COOK'* VOYAGES COMPLETE. I ,: n: ut, and fcvcrol of the Indiant entered the RcfolutiM wkhout hcHution i which mark of confidence deter- mined ut to vifit them if poiTible. Ailcr making a few tript,wc foundgood anchorage, and come to ina5nthonu %yater, at three cables length from the (liore. Wc had fcarccly anchored, when wc were furroundcd with Indiani, fome in canoei, and fotiK fwimmins, fcvcral came on board, and among them a chief, namcuTioonv, to whom Capt Cook prclcntcd a hatchet, fpikc-nails, and other articles, with which he was highly plcaf- cd. A party of our people, in company with Tioony, went on fhorr, who were conducted to a little creek formed by the rocks, right abrcad of the (hips, where landing was very eafy, and the boats fecure againft the furf. Here wc were faluted with loud acclamations, by an immcnfc croud of people, who Ihcwcd the mod evident ligns of pacific intentions, not one of them having Co much as a ftick, or any weapon in their )unds. They thronged fo thick round the boats with ploch, matting, &c. that it was (bme time before we could make good our landing. Many of them, who could not get near the boats, threw over the other* heads whole bales of cloth, and retired immediately, without either afking, or waiting to get any thing in return. At length the chief caufcd them to open to the right and Ictt, and make room for lu to land. We were then condudlcd up to his houfe, which was fltuatcd •bout 300 yards from tnc fea, at thenurr (Uit. In the evening we returned on board, and on Saiui^r the ad ofOflober, the fhip« were croudcd with pM* the whole day. trafficking in pvfcA youd order, Qn the .id, early in the morning, while the (hips were pre* paring to get under fail. Captains C«uk and Furncaux. accompanied by Mr. Forfter, went off in the boat, to take leave of our hofpiubic chief. He met u* at the landing-place, and had we not cxcufed ourfclvea, he would have entertained u« at hi» houfe. We thei«- forc fpent half an hour with him, f^ted on the grails, in the midd of a vad crowd of the natives, who fccmed to vie with each other in doing what they thought would give us pleafure. Having made the chief a prr&nt, confiding of various articles, iic was given to unocrdand that we were going 8wa)f. at which he fecmcd not at all affofled. He *eM with us into our 1am, with two of his friends, intending to accompany u| aboard, but when he faw the Relolution under fail, he and hi* companions went into a canoe, and returned on flwre. It is rchiarkable. that on fhorethi* friendiv Indian never made the lead nchangCt but now. during his day in the boat, he bartered fidi-hooks for nails, and en- groflcd the trade in a maimer wholly to himfelf. On Saturday, OAober the 3d, as foon as Capt. Ox>k came on board, we departed from Middlcbui^, and made fail down to Amfterdanv. When we were alrauc half w«y between the two ifles, we were met by three canoes, and the people made feveral attempts to come OQ board, but without ef&A, ai the rope wc threw out to them broke, and we did not (hortcn fail. They were likewifc unfucccfsful in boarding the Adventure. We ran along the fouth-wcd coad of Aindcrdam, at the didance of half a mile from the (horc, whereon the fea broke in a creat furf. By the help of glafftj, wc faW the face ofthe whole ifVtnd, which, in every part that came under our obfcrvation, appeared covered with planutions. Akmg the diorc wc perceived the natives running in great numbers, and difplaying finalL white flags, the emDlems 0/ peace, which f^gnalt we anfwered I>y hoidin^ a St. Geoige's Eiidgii, At thia time three ofthe natives of Middlebutig, who had con- tinued too k>ng on board the Adventure to return, quitted her, andfwam to the (bore, from whence w« concluded they had nofhrong inclination to accompany us in our vovagc. Wc had no boner opened the weft fide of the iflc, than feveral canoes, having four m^o in each, cahte boldi;r aloqg-fide, and, when they had prefcnted us with fome ava not, came on board without the lead ceremony. Having got into Van Diemen't Road, we anchored, in 18 mnonu water, little more than a cable's length from the breakers; and our coafl- ing anchor, to keep the (hip from tailing on the rock^ lay in 47 fiithomk water. By this time we were fur- rounded with people, and our fcamen were fo eager in purchafiis their curiofities, even at the expence of cloaths, that Capt. Cbok found it abfolutely necefTary to prohibit aiw fiuther commerce of this (brt. The good ctR/& or this order, was, that on the 4th, the natives brought us fowl^p^ tnnanoes, and cocoa-nuts in abuhdanee, ibr which we exchanged fmall naila and pieces of dodi, even oU rags woula purchafe pigs and fowls. A trading party wai now fettled, and our com- manders went on fhon^ attended by Mr. Foiiler an^ other efficert, in compnv with a chief named Attago, who had attached himfelf to Capt, Cook, the fir(\ mo. ment of hit coming aboard, which was before the (hips cartie to anchor. This perfon of fonu; note pre- fcnted the captain with feveral articles, and as a greater tedimony of friendfhip exchanged names widi him ; a cudom, which, as we have obferved, is prac,- tifed at Otaheite, and the Society Ifles. Wc were re- ceived on fhore with the fame demondrations of joy as at Middlcburg, and the gentlemen' fet out into th» country, except the two commanders, who dlftributied prefenu to fuch ofthe natives as Attago pointed out, who were afterwards difcovered to be of fuperior rank to himfelf; though at this tim^ by ^e attei^tion paid ' 'W 3 o, n" ri n o o a % 5? ''yo .:^: ,^ •■»v >4« "'^ . ■^ , ,' 1. V V: .' ^^^^^l': *■■■( ■f\> '>"■ .;;•'■ \ ",t ip%..*«rt*. 'ma*! mm • (■if; ».«*<*ii»*'si lii Mfia i» *»; . .%»,*s»PH*Napii*« "" ai i ,^.,^..|.. ^^^.^ < V. "■'■hi: • '.t^ ' >i. w *,;■'.» "'• '? *AU i:. ,< ,t». •ttMl:''. f.lj,,'.'i>i ., 'if.'"!'. ;vlr:=.: ^pi'l .&' .-■ -r.*!?^ isi* '*»'•'' mammsas&s^ •■Wf^rnvt- -WJTii, . -C ■ ' '..W^if^fallKSttBl :iiB««i :ii»«i»i.^ 1 , I i 'I- C/3 i o e £ :3 o o s s .0 p2 ii; »SI mi -#ppi**i-l»»»i COOK'i SECOND VOYAOE*«-fbr making Difio^eries fti the South Seat & Round the fTor/J. 141 to him, he Appeumi to be the princitMl perfon. Hev- iBgcompiunedof dw heat.. Atugo (hewed andTcated wunderthe (hade of a.lai|p.tieet and the people, iritoweKOKlei«dtoibtiii«ci|Pcle« never attempted to paft the preTcribcd bounds, and ctoud upon ui, a* did ' thoTe of Oubeite. After having been here fiyne time, .we hinted oiir de(tre to (^ the countryt whereupon Atttop immediately conduced ui along a lane that tenmmted in anonai green, on one fide of which we .lawalMaccof worlhip, built on a, mount about eigh- teen (eec bigb.. ItwwanoUoqgfqoare, inclofedbya >$i»e puapet wbU, about three ieet in height i from which the mount, covered with green turf, rofe to the building with a gnuJtNtl dope. The buUdii^ was twenty lir fiwrteen feet, whdi we had advanced within fifty yards of its front, every one fat down on the green. Three elderly men.. whom we took for prielts, begun a prayer, having their fiKes to the noufe, which lafted about ten minutes, and this b^- iiu ended, they came and teucd themfelves by us. We made them prefenuof what we had about us. and then proceeded to view the premifes. to which they did noit (hew the lead rehKtance. The houfe was feuik in every refpefi like their common dwellings, with polls and rafixrs. covered with palm thatch. The caves came down within three feet of the ground, and the open fpace was filled up with ftrong matting made of palm-leaves as a wall. In the front, leading to the top of this, were two (tone fteps; and round the houfe was a gravel walk : the floor alfo was laid with fine gravel, in the center whereof was an obloog fquare of blue pebbles, nifed fix inches higher. In one angle of the building ftood an image roi^ly carved in wood, and another hv on one fide. This inuge was turned over and x>ver by Attago, as he would have done any other log of wood, which convinced us, that they were not confidered by the natives as objcdb of wor-> ihip. We put feverai quefiions to Attago concerning this matter, but did not underftand his anfwers ; fi>r our readers are to be informed, that, at our fird arrival, -we hardly could underftand a word die people fiiid. We thought it neceffiuy toleave an offering, and therefore laid down upon the platform fome mMale. nails, and other thuigs, which our friend immediately took up and put in his pocket. We could not tonceive how th» could cut (uch laige ftones out of the coral rocks, wiui which the walls were made that inclofed the mount, ioad leading into the country, about fixteen feet broad, and as level as a bowling-green, feverai other roads in- terfedted it, all inclofed on each fide with neat reed- fences, and (haded by fruit-trees. The country here- abouts is furprizingly fertile, inlbmiich, that we might eafily have imagined ourfclves in the moft pleafiuit (uu- ation that Europe could afford. Here are various de- Iwhtfiil walks, and not an inch of uncultivated ground. Nature aflifted by art no where appears to more aovan* tage than in this fertile foot. The roads, evdt nehig^ puUic one, which was about fixteen, feet broad, occu- jmed no more (pace than was abfolutety neceffiuy, nor did the boumnriee and fenoes take up above four inches each, and in many places of thelc were planted wfefiiltriwa and plants. On every fide you law the Ume vpoenfUKtti nor did change of place aherthe fceoe. m thia uanQwrtii^ blace we met great num- ben of pcoplifloiilgto, the (hips loaden with fruit, and coming trota them; all of whom gave us the road, hy cither tumingto the right or left hand, fining down, or fiandiiu ftill with their backs to the fences. uU we had pafled by them. In mmy of the cn>(s roads, were ' No, 16, A-fi»-tou>cas, whofe mounts were furrounded with paUiliidoes. After -having walked feverai miles, we came to a more fpacious one, near to which was a iargc^ houfe, the property of an old chief, who was one of our company. Here we were regaled with fruit j but our ftay was (hort, and our guides having conducted us down to our boat, we returned with Attago to our (hip. to dinner. When aboard an old man was u(heredinto the cabbin: we placed him at ubie, and foon perceived he was a man of confequence, for At- tago, the chief being almoft blind, eat with his back towards himi and as toon as the old man returned alhore, which was after he had ufted the filh, and drank two glaffes of wine, Attago took his place at the table, finiihed his dinner, and drank alfo two glaffes of wine. After dinner we all went alhore again. We found the old chief, who, in return for his fleoder meal, prefcnted us with a hog. Before we fet out for the country, Capt. Cook went down with Attago to the landing-pucc, where he found Mr. Wales laughing at his perplexing -fituation. The boats that brought us aihorc not having been able to get clofe in with the landing-place, Mr. Wales had pulled off his (hoes and ftockings to. walk through the water, and, when on dry ground, fitting down, he put them between his legs, ii\ order to. put them on, when in an inftant they were fnatched away by a perlbn behind him, who immediately mixed with the croud. The man he could not follow bare-footed over the (harp coral rocks I the boat was put back to the (hip, all his com,- panions had made their way through the croud ; and ne was found by the captain in this forlorn condition : but the friendly Attago foon fct him at liberty, by find- ing out the thief, and recovering the (hoes and ftock- ings. We now began our excui^on into the country. Having paffed the firft-menrioned Apiatouca, the old chief (hewed us a pool of frc(h water, though we had not made the Icaft enquiry for any. It is very proba- ble this is the bathing place for the king and his no- bles, mentioned by Tafman. From hence we were conduded down to the (hore of Maria Bay, or N. E. fide of the ifle, where we were (hewn a boat-houfe, in which was a large double canoe not yet launched. Th« old chief did not fail to make us fenfible that it be- longed to him. Night now approaching, Attago at- tended us to the beat, and we returned aboard. As to the botanizing and (hooting parties, that were out with us the fame day, they were all civilly treated, and well entertained by the natives. The party alfo at the- market on (hore had a bri(k trade, and many advantage- ous hatpins. They procured plenty of bananas, yams, cocoa-nuts, pigs, and fowls, for nails and pieces of cloth. A boat from each (hip was employed to bring off their care;oes, by which means we obtained cheaper, and with Tefs trouble a good quantity of re- fre(hments from thofc of the natives who had no ca- noe* to carry their commodities off to the (hips. Gu Toefday the 5th, early in the morning, the cap- uin's (riend, Attago, brought him a hog and fome fruit, for which, m return, he received a hatchet, a fiieet, and fome red cloth. The pinnace having been fent onlhore to trade, as ufual, foon returned, and wc were informed that the natives, in many refpoSs, were exceeding trouUefome. The da]^ befoif thqr lud dole the boat's grapling, and at this time they were for u- king every thing out of the pinnace. It was therefore judoed neceffaty to have on (hore a guard, uid accord* a;fy the marines were fent, under the connmand of eutenant Edgcumbe. Thefe were foon after fol- lowed by the two commanders, Attup, and feverai of the gentlemen. On landing, the w chief prdented C^pt. Cook with a pig j and then Mr. Hodges, ac- companied by the two captains, took a walk into the countiy, in order to make drawii^ ; after which, they all returned with Atta^ and two other chiefs on board, to dinner, one of which hft had fent a hoeon board die Adventure, fome hours before^ for Capt.Tumeaux, without requiriiw aiw return, i a fingular inftanceof Ssnerofity this : but Attaflo did not omit to put Capt. 00k in mind of the pig we old kipg gave hun in the a N morn' .1 i| itfiiil 14a Capt. COOK '8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. Mta4 raornin^, for which he hid in return, a chequed (liirt, and a piece of red cloth. He deiired to put iliem on, which when done, he went upon deck, and fhcwed him- fclf to all his countrymen. He had done the fame with the flieet the captain gave him in the morniite ; but when we went on Ihore in the evening, the old 'chief took to himfclf every thing Attago and others had got in their poflfcfTion. This (»y the different trading Srties procured for both (hips a good fupply of re- fhmcnts ; the iailors therefore had leave to purchafe any curiofities they might fancy ; which opportunity they embraced with great eagemefs ; indeed they be- came quite the ridicule of the natives from their third after trifles, who jeeringly offered them (licks and ftones, io exchange for otncr things ; and one waggifii boy took a piece of human excrement on the end of a ftick, and offered it for fale to every one he met. This day a fellow found means to get into the mailer's cab- bin, and Aole fome books and other asticles, with which he was making off in his canoe. On being pur- fued by one of our boats, he left the canoe, and took to the water ; but as often as our people attempted to lay hold of him, he dived under the boat, and at laft, having unfhipped the rudder, got clear off. Other daring thefts were committed at the latKling-place. One nun dole a feaman's jacket, and would not part with it till purfued and fircdi at. Wednefday the 6th our friend Attago vifitcd us ■gain as ufual, brought with him a hog, and afFlled us in purchaling many more. We went af;erwarris on (hore, vifited the old chief, with whom we flayed till noon, and then returned on board to dinner, accompa- nied by Attngo, who never one day left Capt. Cook. Being about to depart from this ifland, a prc(cnt was made for the old kmg, and carried on (hore m the even- ing. When the captain landed, he was informed by fome of the oflficei*, that a far greater man than any we had yet fecn, was come to pay us a vifir. Mr. Pickerfgill faid, he had feen him in the country, and believed he was a man of great confequenre, by the ex- traordinary refp«fl paid him by all ranks of people ; fixne of wIkhh, when they approached him, fell on their feces, and put their head lictween their feet ; nor do any pafs him without permiilion. Upon his arrival, Mr. Pickerfgill and another gentleman took hold of his arms, and cfcorted him down to the landing-place, where we found him (catcd with fuch an affedlcd gravity, that we really thought him an ideot, whom, from fome fuperflitious notions, the people v ere ready to adore. When Capt. Cook falutcd and addrclfed him, he nei- ther anfwered, nor took the lead notice of him. And as there appeared in the features of his countenance not any alteration, the captain ntts about to leave him to his private cogitations; but an intelligent youth cleared up all our doubts, and from his information, we wcte now fully convinced, that what we took fo/^'a (lupid fool was the principal head man, or king of the ifland. Therefore the prefent, intended for the old chief, was prefented to him. It confifled of a (hirt, an axe, a piece of red cloth, a looking glafs, fome nails, medals, and beads ; all of which were put upon, «r laid down by his majelly, without his fpeaking one word, or turning his head either to the right or left. We departed ftotn this living (latuc, and had not been long on boardi befbrc he fent us a prefent of provifions, conliding of about twenty bafkets of roadcd bananas, four bread attd yams, and a roadcd pig, w^ighine about twenty pounds. We now no longer queftionra the real dignity of this fulien chief. When thefe things were brought down to the water fide. Mr. Edgecumoe and his party were coming off to the vcffels, and the bearers of the prefent faid it was fhwn the Arccke, (that is king) of the ifland, to the Arccke of the (hip. On ThurTday the 7th of 0£bber, early in the mom- itig, our two commanders, accompanied by Mr. Forder, Went atttOK, to make a return to the Areekc of the ifland fyr hit kft night's prefent. They foon found Attaim, of whom we learnt, that hia majefly's name was Ro-haghee-too-Fallaiwou. Ader fome little time he appeared with a very tew attendants. Bj Att^'s w delire we all fat down under a tree, and tttc kinti; ftatcd himfelf on a rifing ground, about twelve yaras flwn ua. We continued fome minutes Tacii^ each ikhit, cxpedHng Attago would (ntmdiice us idhitmajtHyt but obTerving no figns of this, the two captaias wei*, and havAig lahited the king fat down by him. Th^ then put on him a white fliirt, and laid down befbrc him a few yartis of red cloth, a brafs kettle, a ftw, tUti laigc foikcs, three looking glaties, twelve rtiedals, and fome firings of beads. AH this time he behaved in the manner before related, fittiiw like a (latue ; his antia fecmed immoveable ; he fpMC hot one word, nor IJM he fecm to know what we were about. ' When we gave hln to underdand by ligns and words, that we dioutd foon depart from his iftand, he made not the Ieaft.rc- ply ; but when we had took leave, we perceived he con- vcrfed with Attago, and an old womah ; and in ihb courfeof this converfation he laughed heartily in ({>ite of his alfumcd gravity ; for it could not be his real dit- pofition, feeing he was in the prime of life, and thcTe iflanders, like all others we had lately been acquainted with, are much given to levity. We were now intro*- duced by Attago in j another circle of ft^fpedhible old people of both fexes, among whom were our friend, the aged chief, and the pried, who was generally in his company. We concluded, that the juice of pep- per-root, had the fame effcdl that drang liquors nave on Europeans, when they drink too much of them ; for we obfervcd, that the reverend father could walk very well in the morning, but in the evening was gene* rally led home by two friendly fupporters. Wc were a little at a lots how to take leave of the old chief, hav- ing, wc feared, almod exhauded all our choiccd dorfi on the king ; but having examined our pockets, and Capt. Cook's treafury &g, which he always carried with him, wc colicrted together a tolerable good pre- fent both for the chief and his friends. This old chief had a natural air of dignity, which the king had ndt. He was grave, but not fulien ; would talk at times in a. jocular manner, and when convcrfing only on indiffe- rent fubjedts, would endeavour to underdand us, and be underdood himfcIf. The pried in all our vifits would repeat a (hort prayer, which none in the com- pany attended to, and which for our parts we did not underdand. Having continued a focial converfation with thefe friends near two hours, we bid them fkrc- well, and repaired to our (hip with Attago, and a fc# of his friends, who ader brcakfiift were diimiired k»dcd with prefcnts. Attago very drongly importuned us tj> call again at this ifle on our return, and requeded of the captain, more than once, to bring him a fuit of clothes like thofc he then had on, which was his uni- form. This friendly iflander, during our day, was, on fevcral occaiions, very fcrviccabic to us. He daily came on board in the morning, foon after dawn, and frcquendy dayed with us till the evening. When on board or on (hore, he performed every kind office for us in his power, the cxpcnce for his fervices was tri- fling, and wc thought hiin a very valuable friend. 1 he fupplies wnich we procured from this ifland were ^bout one hundred and fifty pigs, double that number of fowls ; as many bananas, Src. as we could find room for, and, had we continued tenger, we might have had more than our wants require^. We were now about to depart, when, in heaving the coad-« ing cable, it broke, by being chadded by the rocks ; by which accident wc lod neariy half the cable, together with the anchor, which lay in forty fathoms water, without any buoy to it ; from whence ajudgment may be formed of this anchorage. At ten o'clock P. M. we got under fail, but our decks being encumbered with fruit, fowls, &c. we kept plying under the land till they were cleared. Before we continue the hidory of this voyage, wc (hall here give a particular account of this ifland, and its neighrauring one of Middle- burgh, a dcfcription of which wc doubt not U'ill afford an agreeable entertainment to our reader^, and very numerous tubfcribers, who have favoured thh worK with a generous encouragement, equal to our mod fanc- euinc expedbtions and wi(h«s. * ^ Thefe f * \ It' \ **;■■<'.■; * I-):. M ft^v« '^Vf/ » :Hi^ ■^^ •fe 4^; # # /«■ Thefc -I '.-«•'■ ■?^j{;;aM^5,fc •ij'h ^^> «m i 1 ■ ind lively. The women are cfpecially very merry and fociable, and would chat with us, without being invited, or if wcfeemcd attentive, without conflderin^ whether we undcrfteod them or not. They appeared in f[eneral to be modcA : yet inftancn of thole of a different chandler were not wanting; and having (bme venereal complaints, Capt. Cook took all poffible care, that the diforder (hould not be communicated to them. When- ever opportunity ferved, they difcovered a (trong pro- penfity to pilfering, and in the art of thieving arc full as knowing and dexterous as the Otaheiteans. Their hair, particularly of the females, is black, but fome of the men have a method of (laining their hair with various colours, as white, red, and bkie, which we faw upon the fiime head. It is wore cut (hort, and we met with only two exceptions to this cuftom. The boys have only a iingle loctc on the top of the hcnd, cobbed upwards, and a fmall quantity od each fide. The beards of the men are (haved quite clofe with two (hells ; and even thofc of an advanced age have fine eyes, and in general good teeth. They are tattoawed from the middle of the thigh to above the hips t but among the women, the fliin is pundurcd veiy (lightly, and that only on their arms and Hn^ers« Their drcfs Confifts of a piece of cloth or mattmg, hanging below the knees, but from the waift upwards they are generally naked. Their ornaments arc bracelets^ amulets, and necklaces, com- pofed of bones, (hells, and beach, of mother of pearl. The women have a curious apron made of the outward fibres of the cocoa>nut (helf : fmall pieces of this ftuif are fewed together in fuch a manner as to form ftars, half moons, and fquares, &c. and the whoh: is (ludded, and decorated with red feathers, fo as to have a plcaf- ing ettcdl. They wear alfo rings on their fingers made of tortoifcfhell, and pendants of the fame, about the fnc of a fmall quill ; but though all have their ears bored, yet thefe lall kind of ornaip -n"; are not worn in tommon. The natives of tlvic i (lands make the fame forts of cloth, as the inhabitants ut Otahcitc ; but they have not fuch a variety, nor any of fo fine materials ; yet having a method of glazing their cloth, it is more durable than that at Otaneite, and will tc-fid: rain for Ibmc time. Their matting is of vairiou6 kinds j fomc very fine, and generally ufed for cloathing ; another fort is thick and ftronger, which ferves them for fails, and to deep on. The colours of their cloth are black, brown, purple, yellow, and red; all extra(5ted from vegeti^s. They make many little toys, which fuf- fkiently evinces their ingenuity: and among their utenfils are various forts of curious ba(kcts, fomc made of the fame materials as their mats, and others of the twitted fibres of cocoa -nuts; which prove in the work- manlhip, that thefe people want neither tafte to de- fign, nor (kill to execute. How they amufe themfelves in their leifure hours, we cannot particularly and po- fitively fay, being but little acquainted with their di- vcrfions. We were entertained frecjueatly with fongs from the women, in an agreeable (tile, and the muUc they accompanied by fnapping their fingers, fo as to keep time to it. Both this and their voices arc very harmonious; and they have a confiderablc compafs in their notes. Among their muflcal inftruments, which came under our knowledge, they have a drum, or rather an hollow log of wood, on the fide of which they beat with two drum fticks, whereby is produced adoleiiil found, not quite fo mufical as that of an empty ca(k. We faw one of thefe drums five feet and a half kmg, and thirty inches in girt. It had a flit in it frona one end to the other, about three inches wide, by means of which it had been hollowed out> They have alfo two mufKal pipes ; one a lai|^ flute made of a piece of bamboo, which, they fill with breathing throurii their nofes : thefe have four ftops, whereas thofi: at Otdieite have only two. The other inftiumcm ia co mp ofed of to or II fnuil reeds of unequal lengths, bound t mauwe, out wc had fuch a hard gale for two days, that drove us off the land jull as wc were in fight of port. ^ This was very mortifymg ; but two favourable circum- ' nances attended it, for we were in no danger of a lee- Ihofe, and it was fair over head. In the evening of the twenty-fifth wc endeavoured to find the Adventure, which the fiorm had feparated, but without etiiedl, the weather being fi> hazy, that we could not fee a nulc lound us. 61 the twenty-eighth we faw the Adventure about five miles to leeward, and we kept company with her till the night of the twenty-ninth, when (he difap- pcared. nor did wc fee her at day-light. Ghadottc No. 17. Sound was the appointed place of rendezvous 1 and al wc had feparated from the Adventure, we were obliged to make tor it. otherwife Capt. Cook would ha\c fought a fupply of wood and water further fouth. We flood to the callward, in hopes of meeting with the Adven- ture. On the fccond «f November the morning was very clear, and we kept a fharp look-out for the Ad- venture s but as we could not iec her, we judged (he was got intothe Sound. Wc accordingly n.ailc .or the iliorc of Eakeinomauwe. In doing which we d fcp- vered an inlet, which the captain had never obferved before, on the eaft fide of Cape Teerew hitte. We an- chored in twelve fathoms water, at the entrance of this inlet ) and fcvcral of the inhaljitants came on board, who were extravagantly fond of nails. We ran up into Ship Cove on the third of November, where we ex- Ktted to fee the Adventure, but were difappointed. ere we were obliged to unbend the fails, w hich had been very much damaged in the late fionns. Several people came on board, who rcmcmbcicd the Endea- vour when on this coaft, particularly an old man called Goubiah. The empty cafks were ordered on fliore, and the neceffary repairs both to them and the fhips were or- dered to be made. We were unfuccefsful in our fiflurg parties, who caught no fifli. but were well fuppliedby the natives with that ufeful article. On opening the bread cafks, wc found a great deal of it damaged ; that whicli remained good we baked over again, in or- der to prefervc it. On Friday the fifth, one of the natives took an op- portunity of flealing one of the feamen's bag of cloaths, which, with fome difficulty, we recovered. This made our people more cautious in future. Wc found one of theu>ws which Capr. Furneaux had put on fhore, and were informed that the boar and other fow were taken to another part, but not killed. We were mortified very much when we heard that old Goubiah had killed the two goau which Captain Cook put on fliore, and were concerned to think that our endeavours to Aock this countiy with ufeful animals were likely to l>e rendered fruitlefs, by thofe very people for whofe benefit they were defigned. But nature had amazingly afTifted our intentions in thf gardens, where every thing was in a flouriihing Hate, except the potatoes, which were moft of them dug up. Wc put on fliore another boar and fow, with tyo cocks, and four hens. We purchafed a laige (Quantity of fifh from the natives, who were very much mclined to theft; wc detciited them picking our pockets very frequently. Several llrangcrs came to vifit us in five canoes, they took up their quarters in a cave near us, and decamped the next morning with fix of our fraall water calks. All the people whom wc found on our arrival likewife went with them. Some of them returned in a day or two, and fupplied us with fifh. On Monday, the fifteenth, we made a party to the fummit of one of the hills, in order to look tor the a O Advotjp I Mb:-. h I4A apt. COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE. if- ' i\~ Adventure, but were (lifappointed, and totally at a loft to know what wo* iKcoincof her. When we re- turned, the natives were collci^ted round our boat, to whom we made fome prefents, and went on board. We were very well fupplicd with fifli during our (lay here. On the twentv-fecond we took one boar and three fows, together witn fome cockt and hem, into the uoodi, where we left them with provifion funicicnc tor ten or twelve days, with hopes that the natives would not dif- cover them till they had bred. Our olficerii having vi- fitcd the dwelling>places of fevenil of the natives, ftnmd fbmc human bones, from which the Hefli appeared to be lately taken 1 and on the twentv-third, they Dcing on (hore, (aw tht head and bowels of a youth, lately killed, lying on the beach 1 his heart was (luck on' a fork, and fixed at the fore part of one ot the targed ca- noes. The head was bought, and brought on board, where one of the natives broiled and eat it before the whole (hip's company, and the (ight made fcveral of them fick. Oedidee, whom we had brought with us, exprelTed his horror at this tranfaction in terms which it IS impofllble forus to defcribe. It is certain that the New Zealandcrs are cannibals, which this circumftancc fully proves ; but from all we could learn, they only eat the flevilions and vegetables, and wc had, at this time, neither a fcorbutic nor fick perfon on board. Before we quitted the Sound, we left a memorandum, fetting forth the d.iy of our departure, what courfe we intended (leering, &c. and buried it in a bottle, where it mud be ditcovered, (hould Capt. Furneaux touch here, though we did not place any great expedation in fuch an event. We failed from hence on the twenty- fifth of November, and fought the Adventure in Ic- ral harbours, but without eticCt. All hopes of feeing lier again were now vanilhed, and wc fet about our in- tended difcovcries by ourftlvcs. The (hip's company were perfctflly fatislied with Capt. Cook's care and con- duifl, and did not cxprefs any uneadncfs at our being unattended. On Friday, the twenty-fixth, we (leered to the fouth, and on Monday the (ixth of December found ourfclves antipodes to our London friends. We were then in 3. latitude co dcg. 17 min. and E. longitude 179 deg. 40 min. We met with feveral flights of our old con>- fianions, albatrolTcs, petrels, &c. Wc failed through arge quantities of loofe ice on the fourteenth of No- vember, and difcovered many ice iflands. Wc were foon embayed by the ice, and were obliged to (Iretch to the N. W. Wc were now in much danger, owing to the Ice iflands and the fog. Wc attempted to take lomc of the ice on board, but without cfTed; but on the fcven- tecnth we fuccecded, and got on board as much as wc CQuld manage. Tucfday, the twenty-lirft, we came the fecond time within the antardlic circle; and on a Hidden got a- mong a great quantity of loofe ice, and a cluder of ice illands, which it was very diflicult to deer clear of, as the fog was very thick. On the twenty-fourth they in- crcafed fo fad upon us, that wc could fee near an hun- dred round us, befldes an adonilhing quantity of fmall pieces. Here wc fpcnt the twenty fifth, being Chrid- mas-day, in much the fame manner as we did the pre- ceding one. A n mi A On thp fecond of January, wc dccred A. L»- 1774- N. W. in order to explore great part of the (ea between us and our track to tne fouth ; but were obliged to deer north-eaderly the next day, and could not accompli(h our dc(ign. Many of the people were attacked with (light fevers while wc were in thefe high latitudes, but happily they were cured in a few days. Taking cvciy circumdance into confideration, it is not very probable that there is any extcnfive land in our track firom Ouheite. which was about two hundred leagues s and that any lay to the weft is ftill lefk pro- bable i wc therefore uccred N. E. There was no fign of land t and therefore on the eleventh wc altered our' courfe, and deercd S. E. On the twenty-titih we found ourfclves in a pleafant climate, and no ice in view I on the twcnty-lixth came a third time within the antarClic circle. On Sunday, the thirtieth, we faw a very extcnfive field of ice, and within the field wc dinindly enumerated nioety-feven ice hills of varioua (izes t it is probable that luch mountains of ice were never feen in the Greenland feas. On this account, the attempt to get farther to the fouth, though not abfo* lutely impouible, was yet both rafli and dangerous. The majority of us were of opinion that this ice ex- tended to the {K)le, as it might |x)iribly join frme land to which it has been contiguous liiicr the earlicll times. Should there be land to tne fouth behind this ice, it certainly can afford no better retreat for man, bead, or birds, than the ice itfcif, with which it mud certainly be covered. As wc could not go any farther to the fouth, we thought it advifeable to tack, and dand back to the north, wing at this time in the lat. 71 dcg. 10 min. S. and 106. deg. 54 min. W. Happily for us we tacked in good time ; for we had no fooner done it, than a very thick fog came on; which would have been highly dangerous when we fell in with the ice. On the nrd of February we were able to take in fome more ice, which, though it was cold work to colled, fcrved us for prefent confumption when melted. Capt. Cook was now well fatisficd that no continent was to oe found in this ocean, but that which is totally inaccef- (iblci he therefore determined to pafs the enfuing win- ter within the tropic, if he met with no other objedl worth purfuing. It was dttermined to deer for the land difcovered by Juan Fernandez, or, in failure of this purfuit, to fearch for Eader Illand or Davis's Land, which wc knew very little about. The failors, and all on board acceded to thefe' defigns, and were happy at the thoughts of getting into a warmer cli-' mate. We had continual gales from the eighth to the twelfth indant, when it fella dead calm. 'The weather varied every day confiderably till the twenty-fifth, when Capt. Cook was perfuadcd that the difcovcry of Juan Fernandez, if any fuch was ever made, could be no- thing but a fmall idand, not worth notice. On the twenty-fifth, Capt. Cook was taken fo ill as to be obliged to keep his bed, and recovered very flowlv. It is fomething very extraordinary, that when he could eat nothing elle he had a mind to a dog of Mr. Forder's, which was killed, and he relilhed K>th the fledi and the broth made of it. This feems very odd kind of food for a fick man ; and, in the opinion of manv peo- f>le, would create much greater (icknefs than it was ikely to be any means of removing. On the nth of March land was feen from the mad- head, which proved to be Eader Ifland : and on the 13th, wc came to an anchor in 36 fathoms water, be- fore the fandy beach. One of the natives came on board the (hip, where he daid two nights. He mea- fured the length of the diip, and called the number b^ the fame names as the Ouhciteans do ; but otherwile we could not underdand his language. A party of us went a(horc on the 1 4th, and founda great nismber of the natives a(remblcd, who were pacifically inclined, and fcemed defirous to fee us. Wc made figns for fomcthiiw to cat, after we had didributed fome trinkets among them ; they brought us fome fugar-cancs, pota- toes, and plantains. Wc very foon found out that thefe gentlemen were as expert thieves as any before met with; we could fcarce keep any thing in our pockets, and it was with fome difficulty that wc could keep our hats upon our heads. Thefe people fcemed to under- dand the ufc of a mulket, and to be very much afraid of it. Here were feveral plantations of potatoes, fugar. canes, and plantains ; but othcrwifc the country ^ap- peared barren and without wood. We found a well of oracki(h water, and faw fome fowls. As the natives did not feem unwilling to part with thefe articles, and aaw'e were in want of them, wc determined to day a^ few davs. A trade was accordingly opened with the. natives, and we got on board a few ca(Ks of water. A party of officers and men were fen: up the country itx prdcr cook's second V0YAC;E— Jiir making Uifcovcries in the Soul/> AVfli& Round O^clVorU. 147 order to examine it| and Lapt. Cook remained on Ihorc •mong the natives. AnaJvantagcouii trade lor |)otaio.'i «a« oMncd, but foon put a Hop to by the owners of the f|)ot Imiu whence they were dug. It fecnis that the;' had ftolcn thcfc |x)tatoes 1 for they all ran away at his appimch. From this cirrumftance it Is pretty evident that they are not more (tridiiy honcA artiongft thcm- fclvcs than to ftrangers. This reconnoitring party were followed by a crowd of natives 1 and bef«)rc they had proceeded far, they were met by a middle-aged man, with his face uaintcd. lie had a fpcar in his hand, •rid w.ilked along with him, keeping his countrymen at a dilhncc, that our people might receive no molcf. Cation from them. This man was pundUircd from head to foot. They found the greatel> part of the illand barren; though in many places there were planta. lions of the roots before mentioned. They met with the ruins of three platforms of ftone work. On each oTthefe platforms had flood four very large Ihtues, made of (tone, but ihey were now fallen to the ground, and much defaced. Thefe ftatues were fifteen feet long, and fix feet broad acrofs the (houlders. On the hca^ of each flatue was a round red ftonc. of confider- •blc magnitude. Travelling on, they found in fome places a poor fort of iron ore, and afterwards came to a fruitful part of the ifland, on which were fevcral plantations. They could get no (|ood water in their journey ; but they were obliged to drink what they could Kct, on account of the extremity of their thirlh They found the natives fo addi(tlcd to theft, that they were obliged to tire fome fmall (hot at a man, who took ftoin them their bag of provilions and implement-. The (hot hit this rellow in the back, on which he dropped the bag and fell 1 but he foon afterwards got up and walked olt'. Some deliy was occalioned by this aifair. 'I he man before mentioned ran round them and repeated fcveral words, which they could rtot un- derhand I and afterwards they were very good friends together, no one attempting to Ileal any thing more. A numbc.- of the natives were alFcmbled together on a hill at fome dilYance, with fpears in their hands, but difpcrfcd at the delirc of their countrymen. There ap.* peared to be a chief among them, which wore a bet- ter cioth than the reft. He had a fine open counte- nance, and was very well made. His face was painted* and his body pun(5lured. Thr' met with fome prcttjr freth water towards the caftcrn end of this illand, but it was rendered dirty by acuftom which the inhabitants have oi walliing themfelvcs in it as foon as they have drank. I^t the company be ever fo large, the firfl that gets to the well jumps into the middle of it, drinks his fill, and wafhes hlmfelf all over 1 the next docs the fame, and fo on till all of them have drank and wafhed. ♦ Great numbers of the gigantic (latues, before de- fcribed, are to be feen on this part of the ifland ; one of which they meafured, and found it to be twenty.* feven feet long, and eight fcetbroadacrofs the (houlders. One of thcfc figures, of an aftonifliing height, being (landing, it afforded (liadc for the whole pany to dine under, which confiftcd of thirty perfons. Many gained the fummit of a hill, but could not fee any bay or creek, nor difcovcr any (Igns of fre(h water. They re* turned to the (hip in the evening. No (lirubs worth mentioning were found in this cxcurfion, neither did they fee an animal of any fort, and but very few birds< They could not difcovcr any thing in the whole ifland to induce (hips, in the utmod diltrefs, to touch at it. \-n CHAP. V. fbe Refohitiiinfailtfi-em Eafler Ijland to the Marqurfas — TratifafJions and imdertts wbikpe lay in Rrjoliition Bay, in thi ijlandqf St. Chrijhna — Depart J from the Marque fas — The/e ijUmds defcribed, with an account {/" the inhabitant), their euftoms, i^c, — The Rcfolution prepares to leave Utaheite — Another naval review — A defcription of the ifland — Her ar rival at the ifland of Huaheine — An expedition into the fame — Furious incidents related — The flbip proceeds to Ulietea^^ Her reception there — Incidents during her flay — Qbarallerof Oedidee— General ohfervations on tlte iflandsi ON Wcdnefday, the i6th of March, wc took our departure from Eafter IHc, and (leered for the Marquc(as iflands, intending to make fome flay there if nothing material intervened. On the 6th of April, we difcovcred an ifland, when we were in latitude 9 dcg. 10 min. and longitude 138 deg. 14 min. we were about nine leagues diflance from it. Wc foon difco- vcred another, more extenfive than the former, and prcfcntly afterwards a third and a fourth ; thefe were the Marquefas difcovered in 1 595 by Mcndana. After various unfuccefsful trials to come to an anchor, we ciime at lafl'beforc Mendana's port, and anchored in thirty-four fathonu water, at the entrance of the bay. Several canoes appeared, filled with natives, but it was with fome difficulty they were pcrfuadcd to come along- fide ; they were at lafl induced by fome fpike nails and 9 hatchet. From thefe people we got fume fifh and fruit. Great numbers of them came along-fide ntxt morning, and brought with them one pig, fome bread- fruit and plantains, for which they received nails, &c. We often detedcd them in keeping our ^lods, and making no return ; which pradice was not put a ftop to till Capt. Cook fired a mufket-ball over the head of one man, who had repeatedly ferved us fo. Wc wanted to get farther into the bay, and accordingly fought after a convenient place to moor the (hip in. When Capt. Cook faw there were too manv natives on board, he dc- fired that they might he well looked after, or they would ceruinly commit many thefts. Before the capuin was well got into the boat, he wu told that a canoe, with fome men in her, were making off with one of the iron (lanchions from the oppofite gangway. The cap- tain iinmcdiateljr ordered (hem 10 lire over the canoe. but not to kill any body. There was fuch 1 noifc on board, that his orders were not diflindly heard, and the poor thief was killed at the third (hot. The reft that were in the canoe leaped overboard, but got in again jufl as Capt. Cook came up to them, and threw overboard the (lanchion. One of the men fat !n"^hing as he laded the blood and water out of the boat, but the other looked very ferious and dejeifled. Wc after- wards had reafon to think that the father of the latter had been (hot. The natives retired with great precipi- tation at this unhappy accident ; but their fears were in fome meafure allayed by the captain's following them into the bay, and making them prefents. We found fre(h water a(horc, which wc very much wanted. One would have imagined that the fetality attending one poor fellow's thieving, would have difcouragcd thera from making any more attempts of the like nature t but no fooner was our kedgc anchor out, but two men came from the (hore, wanting to take away the buoy, not knowing what was faftened to it. I^eft they fbould take away the buoy, a (hot was fired, which fell flwrt of them: of thi| they took not the leaft notice ; but when another was fired, which went over their heads, they inftantly let go the buoy, and returned to the (hore. This laft fnot had a mwd t{[c&. ; for by this they faw that they were not Tafe at any diflance. and they were ever afterwards much terrified at the fight of the mufket. However, they (lill continued to pradife their art of thieving; but it was judged better to St up with it. as we did not intend making a long y here. A man who had the appearance of a chief came off to us with a pig upon his (houlder ; he waa prefcntcd with a hatchet in return, and afterwards great numbers m 148 C«pf. COOK* VOVAOE8 COMPLETE. ill |l It ! numbcn of the nativei came alnng.nuts, but of thcfe not in abundaiK-e. TriHct highly valued at the Society Ides, are lightly cftecmcd here, and even naih^ at laft, in their opmion, loft their value. The natives, in general, are the Hncf) nice of people in thit fea. They furpafs all other nations for (hap« and regular features. I'he affinity of their langtMge to that of Otaheite, and the Society Ittn, flxws that thcv are of the fame nation. Oedidee could converfe witn them, though we could not. I'he men are curioufl/ tattoawed. from head to toot, with various figures, that fcem to be diredled more by fancy than by cufloin. Thcfe punduret caufe the ikin to appear of a dark I i but the women who arc not much punAured, and youtht who are not at all, are as fair as fome Euro- iicans. The men are about -five feet fix inches high 1 out none of them were fat and lufty like the Earces of Otaheite, yet we faw not any that could be caUad meagre. Their eyes ai:c neither full nor lively 1 their teeth not fo good as thofe of other nations, and their hair it of many colours, except red. Sonte have it long ( xhe moft prevailing cuftoin is to wear it lltort 1 but a bunch on each ftde of the crown they tie in • knot. In trimming their beards, which is in general long, they obferve difTerent modes : fome part it, and tie it in two bunches under the chini fome plait it, fome wear it loofe, and others quite Oiort. Their cloathing is murh the fame as at Otaheite, but not fo good, nor in fuch plent)'. The men, for the moft part, cover their nakcdncfs with the Marra, which is a Ilip of cloth paired roiiiul the waift, and between the legs. I'hit iimple drefs is quite fufficlent for modefty, and the cli- mate. The women wear a pi<-ce of 4loth round their loint, like a petticoat, reaching below the middle of their legs, and a loofe mantle over their (houldert. ' Their head-drcfs, and what krms to l>c their principal ornament, is a broad fillet, made curioufly of the fibrea of the huflis of cocoa.4iuts, in the front of which is placed a mother-of-pearl (hell, wrought round to the (ize of a tea-faucar. Near this it one fmaller, of very fine tortoifefhell, perforated in niriout figureti and in the center is another round piece of mother-of-pearl, about the fize of half a crown; before which is another piece of perforated tortoifcfhell tha fize of a fliilling. Some have this decoration on eteh fide, in fmalldr. pieces I and all have annexed to them the tail-feather* of cocks or tropic birds, which ftand upright, and the whole raaket a very fingular ornament. Round the neck they wear a kind of rufl^or necklace of light wood* covered with fmall red peat, fixed on with gum. Round their legt and arms they have bunches of hu- man hair, fiiftened to a ftring. Inftead of hair thtf fometimet ufe fhort feathers 1 but all thefe oraamenu we feldom faw on the fame perfbn. The chief, indeed, who came to vifit us,wascompIetelydre(redin thisnum- nert but their ordinary ornaments are necklaces and amulets compofcd of fhelis, &c. All had their cars pierced, yet we law not any with ear-rings. Their houfes are in the valleys, and on the fides of hills, near their planutioni, built after the fame man- ner ar at Ouheitc, but much meaner, being only co- vered with the leaves of the bread-tree. Mtnt of them are built en a pavement of fhone, an oblong, or fquare. which is lailM above the levd of the sround. Thefe - pavements arc liitewife*nsar their dwelitngt, on which they eat and amufe thrnifdves. In their eating thefe ptootc are not veryctaady. They are alfo diinr in their cookery. They drefe their pork in an oven ot hoc ftones; but fiuit and roou tjM^ roaft, and having taken ofl^ the rind, they pot them into a Uough wii^ water, out of which we nave feen both menmdiwgs eat at the fame ceeding beautiful, and their notes fwcctly varied. Wc did not (hoot as many of them as we might have done, from apprchcnfions of alarming and terrifying the na- tivcsi On Sunday, the 17th, at ten o'clock A. M. having ftcercJ W. by S. land was fcen bearing W. half N. being a chain of bw iflots, connected tttoethcr by a reef of coral rooks. We ranged the N. W. coaft till we came to a creek or inlet, and which Teemed to have a comimmication with a lake in the center of the ifland. Having a dciirc of furvcying thefe half drowned iflots, we hoifled out a boat, and fent the iiiafter in to found. While the Kefolution ran along the coafl, the natives were feen in different places armed with lorig fpcars and clubs, and a group of them were obfervcd on one fide of the creek. As they fhewed fome figns of a friendly difpofition, two boats were Tent afliorc well armecl, under the command of Lieutenant Cooper, who was accompanied by Mr. Forfter. Wc faw our people land without any oppofition from a few natives handing on the fliore ; but perceiving, a little time after, forty or fifty, all armed, coming down to join them, we flood clofer in Ihore, with the view of fupporting our people in cafe they fliould be attacked -, but our boat returned without any thing of this kind having happened. By Mr. Cooper we were informed, that many of the na- tives hovcrtxl about the fl« with fifh and fruit fuflicient for the whole crew. Our firfl bulincfs was to erect tents for the rccepf'onof fuch of our people as were required on fliore- Sick we had none, for the rcfrefliments we got »' the Marquefas, had been the incans of removing vvery complaint of the fcorbutic kind, and of pre- ferving the whole crew in good health; We alfo lint afliore Mr. Wales's inftruments i our thief rcafon fiir putting into this place being to afford him an onpor- tunity to afcertain the error of the watch by the know n longitude, and to determine precifcly its rate of going. . On Sunday, the 34th, Otoo and other chiefs, with a train of attendants, brought us ten large hogs, bclidcs fruit, which made their vUit exceedingly agreeable. A» ^ P the • i 150 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES CO'MPLfeTE. i i' '' 1 i'^ the king's coining had been announced to us, and know- ii^ how'inuch it was our intcreft to keep this chief our fncnd, Capt. Cook met him at the tenu. andconduded the whole of this retinue, with himfcif, on board, where they (laid dinner, and appeared highly pleafed with their reception. Next day, notwithUandmg we had much thunder, lightning, and rain, the kingcame again to fee us, and brought with him another prcfent, confiding of a large quantity of refrefhmente. When at Amilerdam, we had colleded, aitwng other curio- fities, fomc red parrot feathers. Thefc precious va- luables procured us hogs, fruit, and every other thing the idand afforded. Our having them was a fortunate circumftance ; for our Hock in trade bcii% greatly ex- haufted, without thefe we thould have foum) it diffi- cult to have fupplied the (hip with nccelTary refrcfh- ments. When we put into this ifland, we intended to ftay no longer than Mr. Wales had made the ncceilary obfervations for the purpofes already mentioned ; and fuppofing we Ihould meet with no better fuccefs than we did the laft time we were here. But the reception we had already met with, and the few excurlioas we had made to the plains of Mauvai and Oparrce, convinced us of our error ; for at thefe two places we found built, and building, a large number of canoes and houfes of ever)' kind : people living in fpacious houfes, whohad not a place to fheltcr themfelves in eight months be- fore ; alfa feveral hogs in every houfc, with many other figns of a rifing Itatc. On account of thefe favourable circumftanccs, we refblvcd to make a longer (lay at this ifland, and to repair the (hip, which was now in- difpcnfably neceffary. Accordingly the empty cafks and fails were got afhore, the (bip was ordered to be <;aulked, and the rigging to be overhauled. On Tucfday, the e6th, Capt. Cook, accompanied by foine of the ofliccrs and gentlemen, went down to Oparrce, to vifit Otoo by appointment. When arrived, we faw a number of laige canoes in motion, but were much furprized at perceiving more than three hundred ranged along fliore, all completely equipped and manned ; bcndes a vad number of armed men upon the (liore. We landed in the midfl of them, and were received by a vafl multitude, fomc under arms, and fome not. The cry of the former was Tiyono Towha, and of the latter was Tiyo no Otoo. Towha, we afterwards learnt was admiral, or comnnander of the fleet. Upon our landing we were met by a chief, named Tee, uncle to the king, of whom we enquired for Otoo. Soon after we were met by Towha, who re- ceived us in a friendly manner. He took Capt. Cook by the one hand, and Tee by the other, and dragged him, as it were, through the crowd that was divided into two parties, both of which proclaimed themfelves his friends, by crying out Tiyo no Tootee. One party wanted him to go to Otoo, and the other to remain with Towha. When come to the ufual place of au- dience. Tee left us to go and bring the king. Towha infilled on the captain's going with him, but he would not confent. When Tee returned, he took hold of his hand in order to condud him to the king. Towha was unwilling he fhould fit down, and defired him to go with him ; but this chief being a flranger, he refiifed to comply . Tee was very defi rou s of conducting the cap- tain to the king; lowha oppofed, and he was obliged to defire Tee to defifV, and to leave him to the admiral and bis party, who condw^ted him down to the fleet. Here we found two lines of armed men drawn up be- fore the admiral's vefTel, in order to keep olF the crowd that we might go on board ; and when the e<(puinmade an cxcufe, a man fquattcd down, and offered to carry him , but he would not go. At this timeTowha quhtcd us, without our feeing which way he went, nor woula any one inform us. We were now joftled about in the croud. We faw Tee, and imjuirinc of him for the king, he told us he was gone into the county of Ma- taou,' and he advifed us to repair to the boat, which we accordiiffily did, as foon as we could get coliedcd to- gether. When in our boat we took our time to recon- noitre the grand fleet. We told an hundred and fixty large double canoes, equipped, inanaed. and anncd t I but we believe they had not their full complement of rowen. The chiefs and all thofe on the fighting ftages, were habited in cloth, turbans, bread plates, and heintKU. Some of the latter feemed much to n. cumber the wearer. Be this as it may, the whole of their drefs added a grandeur to the profpedl, and they were fo complaifiint as to (hew themfelves to the bcfl advantage. Their veflels were full drcffed with flags, dreamers, &c. fo that the whole fleet made fuch a noble appearance, aa we had never before feen in this fea, and what no one could haveexpeded. Their indruments of war were clubs, fpears, and dones. The veflels were ranged clofe along fide of each other, having their head* to the diore, and their dcrns to the fea. The admiral's veflcl was nearly in the center. We counted, exdufive of the veiTels of war, an hundred and fevcnty fail of fmaller double canoes, all rigged with mad and fail, which the '>var canoes had not. Thefe vc judged were defigned for tranfports, vidu- allers, &c. for in the war canoes were no forts of pra- vifions whatever. We conjcSured that in thefe tnree hundred and thirty vefTels there were no Icfs than feven thoufand feven hundred and fixty men, a number in- credible, efpecially as we were told they all bcloiu;ed to the didridsof Attahourou and Ahopatca. Moft of the gentlemen, by their calculations, thought the num- ber of men belonging to the wii canoes exceeded this, allowing to each war canoe forty men, and to each of the finall canoes eight. Having viewed this fleet, >t was our intention to have gone on board, could wc have fcen the admiral. We enquired for him but to no pur- pofe. At lad Tee came, by whom we were informed, that Otoo was gone to Matavai. This intelligence gave ri fe to new conjedures. When we got to Matavai , our friends told us, that this fleet was part of the arma- ment intended to go againd Eimeo, whofe chief had thrown off the yoke of Otaheite. Wc were dill at a lofs to account for the flight of Otoo from Oparree, for wc were informed he neither v/as nor had been at Ma- tovai. We therefore went thither again in the after- noon, where we found himj and learnt, that the rea- fon of his abfcondii^ in the morning was, becaufc fome of his people had dole fome of the captain's clothes which were walhing at the tents, and he feared reditu- tion would be dentuinded. He repeatedly afked Capt. Cook if he was not angry, nor could he be eafy till af- fured, that the pilferers might keep the dolen things. Towha alfo was alarmed, thinking that Capt. Cook was difpleafed, and jealous of feeing Tuch a force fo near us, witnout knowing its dedination. It happened unluckily that Oedidee was not with us in the morning ; for Tee, who was the only man wc could depend on, ferved ra- ther to increafe our perplexity. Thus by mutual mif- underdanding, we loft a favourable opportunity of fcrudnizing ale na\nd force of this ifle, and making ourfelves better acquainted with its manoeuvres. It was comnunded by an intelligent and brave chief, who was difpofed to have fatisded us in all quedions we had thought proper to tSk. ; and from the nature of theob- \e£ts, which were before us, we could not well have mifunderdood each other. All midakcs being now re&ified, and prefenu having paflTed between Otoo and Capt. Cook, we took leave and returned on board. On Wednefday, the 17th, in the morning, Towha fent us by two of his fervanu, two large hogs, and fome fruit. The bearers of this prefent had orders not to receive any thing in return, nor would they when offered thenu Some of our gentlemen went with the captain in his boat down to Oparree, where we found Towha, and the king ; after a flwrt vifit, we brought them both on board, together with Tare- vatoo, the king's yoi^ger brother. When we dre^ ~«r the diip, the admiral, who had never feen one be* fore, ^xpicwd ftrong figns of furprize, and whpn oi^ board. n» was duwed, and beheld every part of it with great attenrion. When Towha retired after din- ner, he put a hogonboaH without our knowledge, or waiting for a return 1 and Iomx after Otoo and his a^• tendants departed alfo. There « the Ijcft vith flags, !e fuch a feen in 1, Their id (loncs. »ch other, rns to the inter. We. 1 hundred ill rigged had not. rts, vidu- ts of pro- thefe tnreC than fevcn lUmber in- I belonged , Moft of t the iium- jedcd this, to each of lis fleet, it Id we have to no pur- : informed, igcnce gave atavai, our the arina- : chief had re 11 ill at a )parree, for een at Ma- i the aftcr- lat the rea- :caufe fome in's clothes ired reftitu- ilked Capt. cafy till af- (len things. Cook was _ fo near us, |d unluckily ; for Tee, ferved ra- lutual mif- jrtunitv of ,nd making ;uvre$. It chief, who ions we had of theob- well have being now een Otoo onboard. |ng, Towha nogs, and Ihad orders K-ould they lemeh went ce, where [fliort vifit, I with Tare- In WC 6XV0 leen one bc<« lid when on part of it 1 after din- Iwlcdge, or land his ac- ufy between 'eotit«m{ never* ncverthclcfs Otoo paid Towha much refpwft, and was defirous we Ihould do the fiune. Otoo had the day be- fore frankly declared, that the admiral was not his friend. When on board, both thefe chiefs requeftcd our afliftance againft Tiarabou, notwithftanding dicrc was no rupture at this time between the two ftates, and they had informed us, that their joint forces wer» in- tended againft Eimeo. The reafon of this duplicity we could not find out : perhaps they were dehrous of annexing that kingdom, by our alliance, to their own, as it was formerly : be that as it may, «s Capt. Cook gave them no encouragement, we heard no more on this fubjcdt. Our endeavours to maintain a neu- trality, we believe, were well received by both parties j for next day, being Thurfday, the aSth, Wahea-toua. king of Tiarabou lent us a prefent of a hog, for which he requefted a few red feathers, which were accord- ingly fent him. On the 29th, early in the morning, . Otoo, Towha, and feveral chiefs, again paid us a vifit, and brought with them not only provifions, but fome of the moft choice curiofities oi the ifland, and among other returns, with which they fcemcd well pleafed, the capuin did not forget to repay the civi- lities we had received from the admiral, Towha. Wc muft not omit uking notice, that the preceding even- ing, one of the natives was detected in an attempt to fteal a cafls froju the watering place, and being caught in the ad, he was fent on board, and we put him in irons. Otoo and the other chiefs faw the culprit in this fituaiion, and Otoo earneftly interceded in his behalf, requefting with many intrcaties, that he might be fat at liberty ; but he was told by Capt. Cook, that las our people were puniftied for the Icaft offence committed agamft the natives of Otahcitc, it was but juftice to punifti this man alfo, which he was determined to fee done in an exemplary maniier, efpccially as it was well known, he, Otoo, would not do it himfelf. The man, inconfequencc of the captain's refolution, was conduc- ed aihore to the tents, where a guard was ordered out under arms, and the offender tied up to a poft, Otoo, his fifter, and numy of the natives being fpedators. Otoo and his fdkr begged hard for the man ; with whom the captain expollulated, telling Otoo, how un- juft it was in his people to fteal from us who were their friends, and who never took any thine from them with- out giving certain articles, which he enumerated, in exchange. The capuin laboured alfo to convince Otoo, that the punilhinent he was about to inflift on this man might prove the means of faving the lives of others of his fubjeds ; for if they continued in fuch kind of crimhial pnuaiccs, fome would certainly, one time or another, be (hot dead. We believe he prettv well underftood our commander, and fecmcd fatisfied, only he defired the criminal might not be Matteerpu, (or killed.) The concourfe of people was by this time very great. The capuin therefore drew a line for them at a proper diftance, and then, in the prefence of them all, ordered the fellow two dozen of lafties with a cat-o-nine-tails. This chaftifement he received with great firmnefs, and was then fet at liberty. Upon this the natives were going away, apparently not much pleafed ; which Tovha perceiving, who all the time had remained filent, though very attentive to every thing going on, he ftepped forward, and haran- gued them for near half an hour, in ftiort fentences. Weunderftoodlittleof his fpeech, but from what we could gather, it was a recapitulation of Capt. Cook's : he mentioned feveral advantages they had received from our people ; and having reprimanded them for their jwclent condud, he exhorted them to adopt and purfue a different one for the future. His adion was remark'- ably graceful, and the profound attention of his au- dience, proved him to be a mafterly fpeaker. Otoo ikid not one word. When Towha had concluded his harangue, the marines were ordered to go through their exercife. They fired in vollies with ball, and being very quick in chaigine, and in theif tnamsu- vres, it is fcarcely poffihle to defcribe the aftoniftiment of the natives durii^ the whole time, particularly the Xmazcqiq^t pf (hof^ to whom this fight was quite a novelty. The chiefs with all their retinue, now took leave, we are apt to think not Icfs frightened than tdeafcd at what they had feen. In the evening Mr. Forfter and his party returned from an excurfion they had made to the mountains, where they had fpent the night. Mr. Forfter collcded fome new plants, and found others which grew in New Zealand. He faw the ifland of Huaheinc, fituated forty leagues to the weft- ward t whereby -a judgment may be formed of the height of the mountains of Otahcite. On Saturday the ^oth, we faw ten war canoes gn through part of their paddling exercife. They were properly equipped for war, anH in landing wcobferved, that the moment the canoe ichcd the ground, all the warriors leaped out, and with the afliftance of a few people on fhore, dragged the canoe on dry land to its proper place; whichaone, every one walked off with his paddle, &c. Such was their expedition, that in five minutes time after putting afhore, no one could tell that any thing, of the Kind had been going forward. The warriors on the ftage encouraged the rowers to exert themfelves, and we obferved fome youths in the curbed ftem elevated above the reft, with white wands in their hands, placed there perhaps to look out, and give no- tice of what they faw. Tiie king's brother Tarevatoo, knowing that Mr. Hodges made drawings of every thing curious, intimated of his own accord, that he might be fent for ; and thus an opportunity was un- cxpedledly afforded our draughtfman, to colledl: ma- terials for a pidure of .the Otaneite fleet, as it appeared when affembled at Oparree. Being prefent when the warriors undreflcd, we could fcarcely conceive how it was pofTible for them to ftand under the quantity of cloth with which they were clad, in time of adion. Many rounds of this compofed a kind of turban or cap, which, in the day of battle, might prevent a broken head, and fome by way of ornament, had fixed to thefe caps dried branches of fmall Ihrubs, interwoven with white feathers. On Sunday the 1 ft of May, feveral chiefs fupplicd us with a large quantity of provifions ; and the day follow- ing our fnend Towha fent us a prefent of a hog, and a boat loaded with various forts 01 fruit and roots. We received alfo another prefent from Otoo, brought by Tarevatoo. On the 3d, upon examining into the con- dition of our provifions, we found our bifcuit much decayed, and that the airing we had given it at New Zealand was not of the fervice wc expeded ; we there- fore were now obliged to have it on fhore, where it underwent another airing and picking, in doing which we found a great part thereof wholly rotten and unfit forufe. Wk attributed this decay of our bread to the ice we frequently took in. which made the hold damp and cold, which, when to the north, was fucceeded by a contrary extreme of intcnfe heat ; but whatever was the realcaufeof our lofs, it put us to a fcanty allowance of this valuable article, and we had bad bread to eat bclides. On Thurfday the 5th, in the afternoon, the botanifls made another excurfion up the country, to the moun- tains ; they returned the evening of next day, and in their way made foiuc new difcoveries. On Saturday the 7th, in the morning, we found Otoo at the tents, of whom the capuin afkcd leave to cut down fome trees for fiieL He took him to fome growing near the fea fhore, the better to make him comprehend what fort we wanted; and he feemed much pleafed when he underftood, that no trees fhould be cut down that bore any kind of fruit. This affurance from us he repeated feveral times aloud to the people about us. In the afternoon we were honoured, when on hoard, with a vifit from the whole royal family, confifting of Otoo, his father, brother, and two fifters : but this was proper- ly her father's vifit, ^ho brought the capuin a com- plete mourning drefs, a prefent he much valued ; for which he had in return whatever he defired. which was not a little ; and to the reft of the company were pre- fented red feathers. The whole were then conducl^ed afhore in the capuin's boat. Otoo and his friends werefo well pleafed with the reception they met with, that, at parting, ve were granted the liberty of cutting down i ) I It 1 » >5a Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. i down ia WMMy crccs as wc wanted, and what fort wc plcafcd. On SuhiUy the 8th, our fricrtiUy connctli^ions with the natives were interrupted by the negligence of one of our ccntincls at the tents, who had his niufket carried away, he having flept or quitted his poll. We had received an imperfect account of this att'air from Tee, but we undcrQood enough to know that fomething had happened, which alanned the king, who Tec fatd, was under great apprchenfions of being mattecnHied. We therefore toil no time in going alliore; and when land- ed were informed of the whole trartfaiflion Inr the fer- jeant who commanded the party. Moll of the natives nad fled at our approaching the tents. Tarcvatoo flipt from us in a moment, and a few belides Tee had courage to remain. We went immediately in fearch of Otoo, and in the way endeavoured to allay the fears of the people. Havmg advanced (bme diltance from the ihore into the country. Tec on a fuddcn Hopped, and advifcd our returning, faying, he would priK'wd to the mountains, whither Otoo had retired, and inform him, that we were dill his friends; a quelUcii, and if we were angry, that had been alkeii a number of times by the natives. The captain now thought it was to nopurpofe to go farther, we therefore took Tee's advice, and re- torned aboard. After this Oedidee was difpatched to the king, to let him know his fears were groundlcfs, feeing the captain required of him only what was in his power, the return of the mufquct. A fliort time after the departure of Ocdidce, we faw fix large canoes coming round Point Venus. Surpcding that one be- longing to thcfe had commicted the theft, it was refolvcd to intercept them, for which pur^wfc a boat was put off, and another ordered to follow. One of the canoes was ahead of the rcll, and fecmingly making for the fliip. Wc put along tide of her, and found two or three women whom we knew. They faid, they were going aboard the fliip with a prcfcnt to the captain, and that the other canoes were laden with fruit, hogs, &c. Satisfied with this intelligence, the captain re- called his orders tor intercepting them, thinking they alio, as well as this one, were bound for the fliip. We therefore left this fingle canoe within a few yards of it, and proceeded for the fliorc to fpeak with Otoo ; but upon landing wc found he had not been there, llook- ing behind us we faw all the canoes, the one wc had left near the (liip not excepted, making off in the greatert haffe. Vexed at being thus deceived, we refolvcd to purfuc them, and as wc paffed the fliip, Capt. Cook gave orders to fend out anot< r boat tor the fame purpofe. We overtook and brought five out of the lix along-fidc, but the one by which we were outwitted got clear off. This, in which were only a few women, had actually amufed us with falfe (lories, while the others, in which were moll of their effeds, M ere to have made their efcapc. In one of the prizes was a friend of Mr. Forller's, who had hitherto called himfelf an Earce, alfo three women, his wife, daughter, and the mother of the late Toutaha. This chief we would have fcht to Otoo ; but he made many excufes, Ciying, he w as of a rank too low for fuch an honourable tmbaliy; that he was no liarce, but a Manahouna; that an Earee ought to be fent to fix:ak to an Earce ; and that as there were none of this high rank but Otoo and the capuin, it would be much more proper for the captain to go. At this time Tee and Oedidee came on board, and aflurcd us, that the man who had ftole the mufquet was fromTiarabou; and that wc might credit their declaration, they delired us to fend a boat to Wahcatoua, the king of Tiarabou, offering to go themfelves in her, and recover the mufquet. This ftory, though not altogether fatisfaCtory, carried with it an air ofprobability ; and thinking it better to drop the affair altogether, the capuin fuftered Mr. Forfter's friend to depart with his two canoes. ITic other three belonged to Maritata, a Tiarabou chief, on which ac- count it was determined to detain them ; but as Tee and Oedidee both affured us, that Maritata and his people were innocent, they were permitted to go off with their canoes alfo: and (he captainmo(l violent]y,m order to con- vince us, how he alone, and to make us fenliblc in what manner he had killed the thief; when at the fame time we all knew that he had been at home, and not out of his houfe the whole tim^e, which flicws that human nature, rcfpc^dng her original pallions and powers, are the fame in every clime, where the fame mflinds, the fame i^erceptive faculties, and the fame feif love univerfally prevail. On Monday the 9th, Tee oame again aboard to in- form us, that Otoo was at Oparree, and requclkd of the captain to fend a perfon, to let him know if he was (lill his friend. He was alked, why he had not done thic himfolf, as he was deiired ; he made a trifling excufe, but we thought he had not fcen Otoo. As the natives brought not any thing to market, and a (lop was coni- fequently put to our trade with them, it was judged time ill fpent to fend any more fhiitlefs mcflages ; a party therctbre fet out, w ith Tee in our company, and hiving reached the utmofl boundaries of Oparree, the king at la(l, when we had w aitcd a coniiderabic time, made his appearance. The firll iahitations being over, and having taken our feats under the Ihnde of fome trees, Otoodelirtd the captain to parou (or fpeak), Capt. Cook began with blaming the king forgiving way to groundlcfs alarms, he having always profeli'ed him- felf his friend, and was difplcafed only with thofe of Tiarabou, who were the thieves. The captain was then afked, how he came to tire at the canoes? By way of excufe, he told them they belonged to Maritata, one of whofe people had (lolen the mufquet, and added the captain, " If I had them in my power, I would deftroy them, or any other belonging to the di(lri(it of Tiara> bou." Wc knew this declaration A|'ould pleafc them, from the natural averlion tlu' one kingdom has to the other ; and it was enforced by prclents, which wc believe were the flrongcll arguments in favour of a re- conciliation : for after theic weighty reafons, things were foon reflored to their former Hate, by Otoo's pro- mifing, on the word of a king, that wc (hould be (iij>- flied next day with provilions and fruit as ufual. 'eace and amity being now once more e(labli(hed, wc accompanied him to his proper relidence at Oparree, where he obliged us with a view of fome of his dock- yards, (for fo they may well be called) where we faw feveral laige canoes, fome building, and others lately built, two of which were the largell we had any where fcen. Having fully gratified our curiofity, we repaired on board with Tee in our company, who, alter he had dined with us, went to acquamt Happi, the king's fa- ther, that all differences were brought to a happy con- cluiion. But we had reafon to think this old chief was not fatisfied withthe terms of the acconmiodation ; fur all the women, and thefe not a few, were fent for out of the fliip, and the next morning, no fupplics whatever were brought, and wc were obliged (or the prefent, to be contented with fome fruit (ent us by our, friends from Oparree. But in the afternoon, Otoo himfelf came to the tents with a large fupply ; and prefcntly after more fruit was brought us than wc knew what to do with : for the natives, we believe, thought themfelvet i ijured equally with ourfelvcs ; and wc Knew they had every H4^ cook's second voyage — for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the World. 1 53 bcin^ over, Ic ol fomc rak). Cape, ng way to slied hiim- th thofc of was then By way of ;ata, one of added the jid deftroy of Tiara- cafc them, has to the which wc of a re- ins, tilings .)too'.s pro- be fiii>- as ufual. }li(hcd, wc Oparree, his dock- re wc faw hers lately any where e repaired tcr he had king's fa- lappy con- chief was lation s for :nt for out :s whatever prefent, :)ur. friends 00 himfcif prcfcntly :w what to thcinrdvcj W they had every every thing ready for our market, when they were per- mitted to bring them. Otoo defiring to lee fome of the ercat guns fired, his wifti was complied with, but the fight, which was entirely new. gave him as much pain as pleafure ; but in the evening, whtn we enter- tained him with a (hew of fire-works, he cxprclfed much areatcr fatisfadlion. Wc have before had occafion to obfcrvc, that thefe people were continually watching opportunities to rob us ; and feeing the oftcndcrs were continually fcreencd, we cannot but think, that the chiefs either encouraged, or had not power to prevent thieviJh pradtices. We thought it more extraordinary that they (hould fo often attempt what they knew might coft them their lives ; and they well knew alfo they fhould be obliged to make rcftitution, if the ar- ticle ftolen was of any great value. They were fully fenfibleof thefe confcquences, and therefore, the mo- ment a theft was committed, every one took the alarm, and went ofl^ with his moveables as fall as polTible ; but if the article was a trifle, or fuch as weufually gave them, no commotion happened, becaufe, in general, little or no notice was taken of it. Whether we obligc^l them to make reftitution or not, the chief frequently fecreted himfelf, and he muft be reconciled before the people were permitted to bring in any refrefliments: and we arc perfuaded it was by his orders the fupplics were dctaintd from us. Thefe they imagined we could not do without, not confidering, that their war ca- noes, dwellings, and even fruit, were entirely in our power. Their propenfity to thieving muft be almoft irrefiftible, otherwifc our uniform condud towards them would have had its due weight: for, except de- taining their canoes for a time, we never touched the fmalleft article of their property. When two extremes were under our confideration, wc always chofc the moft equitable and mild ; and frequently fettled difputcs, or effeded a reconciliation, by trifling prefents, notwich- (landing wc were the party aggrieved. A prefent to a chief always fuccceded to our wi(h, and put things on a better footing than they hai4 been before. In all 54 Capt. COOK 8 VOYAGES COMP L E T E. I! few. Otoo, at our rcqucd, ordered fomc of their troops to CO through their cxercifc on Ihorc. Two Jtrties firlV began a battle with clubs t thev then rocecdcd to fingle combat, and exhibited the va- rious methods of fishting with furpriling agi- lity ; parrying oif the blows and pulhcs with great alcrtnefs and dexteritv. I'heir arms arc clubs and fpears. In ufing the rlub, all blows aimed at the legs, ^ere evaded by leaping over it, and thofc dcfigned tor the head, b^ coucning a little, and leaping on one fide. The ipear, which is ufcd at times as a dart, was parried, by hxing the point of a fpcar in the ground right before them, holding it in an inclined pofitiun, more or Icfs elevated, according as they faw to what part of the body their antagonid intended to make a pulh, or to throM his dart at ; and by moving the hand a lit- Uc to the right or left, cither the one or the other was turned off w ith great eafe. Thefe combatants had no fupcrfluous drefs upon them. An unnccelFary piece of cloth or two which they had on when they began the combat, were prefently torn off by fomc of the fpeda- tors, and given to our gentlemen. This review being over, the fleet departed without any order, as fall as they could be got a-float ; and Otoo conducted us to one of his dock-yards, where the two large pahics, or canoes, were building, each of which was an hundred and eight feet long. They were dcligncd to form one joint double canoe, and were almod ready for launch- ing. The king begged of the captain a grappling and rope, to which he added an En<<;li(l] jack and pen- dant, and defircd the Pahic murht be called the Bri- tannia. This he readily agreed to, und (lie was im- mediately fo named. When we came to the boat, \\c found in it a hog, and a turtle of aliout ihty pounds weight: this had been put in privately by Dtoo's order, that the chiefs about him might not be otiiiided by their being deprived of an eiu.rt.iinment. Ihc king ^TOuld likewife have prcfcnted to us a large iliark tliey had prifoncr in a creek (fome of his lins oeing cut otV to prevent his efcaping) but the cx..cll(.nt pork, and fitli, with which we were fupplied at this ide, had fpoiled our palates for fuch rank food. We were ac- companied on board by the king, an J Tee, his prime miniller, who after dinner took an affedionate fare- well. Otoo had importuned us the whole day, and moft earncftly requefted of us, that we would return to Otaheite. When about to depart, he delired of the captain to pcimit a youth, whom he took by the hand, to go in the Ihip to Amfterdam, in order to collei't for him red feathers. The youth was very delirous Oi go- ing, but as he could not return, the capuin, with the view of fatisfying Otoo, promifed him, that if any fliip (hould be fcnt hither from Britain, the important article of red feathers Hiould not be forgotten. The captain, we believe, was difpofed to have obliged th>. king ; but it is to be remembered, we had refolved to carry no one from the ifles (except Ocdidec, if he chofe to go) and the captain had juft refufed Mr. Forfter the liberty of taking a boy with him, for reafons already mentioned. But if curiofity excited a defire in the youth of Otaheite to go with us, the treatment wc had met with at this place had induced one of our gunner's mates to remain at it. To this end he had formed a plan, which he knew was not to be executed with fuc- cefs while we lay in the bay ; and no fooner were wc out, the fails fct, and the boats out, than he took the opportunity, being a good fwimmer, to flip overboard, lie wi's difcovered before he had got clear of the fliip, and a boat being Iioifled out, prefently returned with the runaway. About midway between -us and the fhore, a, canoe was obferved coming after us, intended without doubt to take him up; for when the people in her faw our boat, they flood off at a greater diflance. This we found >tas a preconcerted plan bctw ecn the man and fome of the natives, with whicti Otoo was acquainted, and had encouraged. The gunner's mate was an Irifh- man by birth, and we had picked him up at Batavia, in our firft voyage. He had neither friends, nor con- nexions, to confine him to any particular part of the world, where then could he be fo happy as a: one of thefe ifles } Here he might enjoy in eafe and plenty, not only the neceffaries, but the luxuries of life, which leads us, before we leave this celebrated ifland of Ota. heite, to give fonK account of its prefcnt flatc, efpe- cially as it differs much from what it was even eight months ago ; and in order to give our fubfcribers, and numerous readers a more diflant idea of its fituation, general figure, extent, and the charader of its inha- itants, wc mull beg of them to indulge us with the liberty of a recapitulation of feveral things, which have already appeared in detached parts of this work ; that fo the whole may be brought into one view, and its diftind heads ranged in their proper order. Wc have already mentioned the improvements we found in the plains of Oparree and Matavai. The fame was ob- ferved in every other part that came und.er our obfer- vation. It feemed to us almoll incredible, that fo many large canoes and houfes could be built in fo Ihort a (pace as eight months ; but the iron tools which they had got from the Englifh, and other nations, who have lately touched at the ifland, no doubt, had acce- lerated the work, and of hands they cannot be in want. The great increafc in the numb<.-r of their hogs no lefs excited our admiration ; though, probably, they were not fo fcarce when we were here before, as we then ima- gined ; as, not chuflng to part with any, they might have con\ eyed them out of light. The fituation of this ifle is perhaps the bed in the world, being expofed to none of thofe viciffitudes of heat and cold, which are obferved to have fo fenlible an efl'ed on the health and fpirits of thofc who live in remoter regions. Its exad polition is from latitude 1 7 dcg. 28 mm. to that of 1 7 deg. 53 min. S. and from longitude 1 49 deg. 10 min. to 149 dcg. 40 min. W. Ic lies nearly N. W. and S. £. and is divided into two diflinC^ principalities by an iflhmus, or neck of land« and three miles over. The north-wcfterly divifion is, however, much larger, and more fertile, but by no mean • fb w cU cultivated as the fouth-eaflerly divilion ; which Ihcws, that even the defeds of nature, if we may be allowed to call them fo, have their ufe, in prompting men to induflry and art, to fupply their wants. The figure of the largcfl peninfula, is nearl/ circular, being from N. to S. about twenty miles, and from E. to wert. about the fame. The whole is fur- rounded with a reef of rocks. The leffer peninfula is rather of an oval form, and from the neck of land on the N. W. fide, to the little ifle of Otooareitte on the S. E. is about twelve miles ; but from the mouth of the river Omatea on tlie fouth, to that of Owahe on the north, not more than eight. The circumference of the largeft peninfula is about fixty miles, of the fmalleft alwut twenty-four ; but in failing round both, the line will be extended to ninety nearly. . For a particular account of tht produce of the ifland, we are indebted no doubt to the indefatigable induflry of Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander ; in whofc catalogue are the following particulars, namely, bread-fruit, co- coa-nuts, bananas of thirteen forts ; plantains, a fruit not unlike an apple, which when ripe is very pleafant ; fwcet potatoes, yams, cocoas, a kind of arum ; a fruit called by the natives jambu, very delicious s fugar- canc; a root of the faloop kind, called pea; a plant called etbees a fruit named ahee, not unlike a kidney bean, and which, when roaftcd, taftes like chefnuts; a tree called wharra, producing a fruit not unlike i^ pine apple ; a fhrub called nonoj the morinda, which alio produces fruit j a fpecies ei i-'nj and a pl?.t called ava, of which the too,.- •pIv are chewed: all thefe, which ferve the natives for food, the earth pro- duces fponui^eoufly t bcfides which there are a great variety of flinibs and plants, which ferve for various purpofes of building houfes, veffels, tools of different kinds, manufadurcs, dyes, &c. to enumerate which would be tedious. Of four foMited animals the ifland produces but few, none having been fecnby the Euro- peans on their firft landing, but hogs, d^s, and rats^ of which laft the inhabiunts arc very fond. Their wild fowl ari; ducks only, and the birds that haunt the wood, except ftnaU bijds, a^e chiefly pigedns. and pa- lo^uetsj COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making i)^«/«r/w in the Sou/A Seas & Round the f^or/J. 1 5 5 and rats. roquets ; but with fi(h the coaft abounds, of whitn the varieties arc numberlefs. Poultry is not in plenty, nor is it fo well flavoured as what we have m Europe. Here it may be proper to obfcrve, that the two goats, which Capt. Furncaux gave to Otoo, when we were laft here, feemed to prorailc fair for anfwcring the end for which they were put on (hore. The ewe Toon after had two female kicb, which were at this time ready to propa- fite their fpccies j and the old ewe was again with kid. he natives feemed to be very fond of them, and they to like their fituation ; for they were in exceeding good condition. We may therefore reafonably hope from this circumftance, that, in a few years, they msw be fpread over all the ifles in this ocean. Ihe Iheep which we left, died in a fliort time after; but we un- dcrftood one was yet alive. We alfo fumilhed them with a (lock of cats, not lefs than twenty, befidcswhat we left at Ulictca and Huahcine. The natives, particularly the chiefs, are in fizc, ra- ther above the largeft Europeans. Their food, which is of the finipleft kind, is not fach as to promote glut- tony, nor tncir drink, which is chiefly water, calcu- lated to provoke intemperance. Their daily intercourfe with the ocean acculloms them from their youth to exercife ; and the bufinefs ef fifliing, which in nor- thern countries is the mod laborious of all employ, rnents, is by thcni pradifcd as their amufenicnt. They who have rcprcfcntcd them as indolent, becaufc nature fupplies liberally all their wants, have midaken their charadcr. Even their chiefs are artifts, and their houfcs, public edifices, canoes, and manufaifturcs, their utenlils, inftruments of war, working tools, their boats, and filhing tackle, are all jproofs inconteftiblc of their induftry. Employments or this kind tend to ba- ni(h doth ; and no pcrlon was ever known to languifli with an incurable difcafe among them, though it docs not appear, that the medical art has yet made any con- lideral progrefs. Much has been faid, and in general w ith ftridt truth, of the gracefulncfs of their perfons j yet if we were to judge of the whole by Autorou, and Omia, who were brought to England, they might be thought to have liitle claim to that perfedion 1 ^et their chiefs have undoubtedly a comparative dignity; but that comparifon is to be confined at home between prince and peafant, and not extended to European countries, where grace and dignity arc leading cha- radcrs. Their women differ from each other in pcr- fonal charms as in all other countries ; but in flaturc, thofe of fuperior rank take efpecial care to prefcrvc the family diftindion. It is not uncommon tor ladies of the firft rank to flngle out a handfome well-propor- tioned youth, to prevent degeneracy, when the ftature of the family is in danger of being reduced ; but they are otherwife fcrupulous in nothing fo much as in mix- ing with the canaille, and there is fcarcely an inflance of their cohabiting indifcriminately with the lower clafa of people. '1 nere is, perhaps, no nation where the pride of anceftry is carried to a greater height, and yet they have no means of recording their pedigree, but bv oral tradition, nor any rule for continuing the line, but what nature has imprefTed upon the mother. Having no fchooU, nothing is to be acquired by edu- cation, example is their prmcipal inflrudlor and guide : the patterri fet by the father is followed by the fon, and what the mother docs, that the daughter learns ; but this is not to be undcrdood to perpetuate hufbandry and arts, as in China, in particular families ; for in Ota- heitc hufbandry and arts arc not impofcd as taiks, but ^rc rather amufements to pafs away time. None ate (Compelled to work, yet all are employed ; their ^vetal ftations chance fecms to have allotted ; and here is no murmuring againll providence for not being more bountiful. One precaution obferved among the great in order to give vigour to their chiefs muft not be pmitted, and that is, they never fuffer an intercourfe between the fexes till both parties arrive at full matu- rity. The very reverfc of this is pradticed by the mul- titude, who in general are as much below the common ttandard as their chiefs exceed it. They are almoft all tatfOMcd, women as well as men. In this there fecms to be Ibmething myflical 1 the prieft performs the ope- ration, and the very children are encouraged by ex- ample to endure the pain, than which nothing can be more acute. To have a thoufand pundurcs all at once, with the blood flatting at every pundure, is more, one would think, than a child could bear, yet they fuffer it with a fortitude of which in Europe an inflance cannot be found. Their hair is ahiiofl uni- verfally black. The men wear it long, waving in ringlets dowa their flioulders ; but the womeq cut it fhort round their cars : both fexes fuflfcr none to grow under their arms ; and are very delicate in keeping every part about them fwcet and clean. To this end they frequently bathe, feldom fuffcring a day to pafi without jgoing into the water more than once. Indeed they anomt their heads with an oil expreffed from the cocoa-nut, which fomctimes proves rancid, and emits a difagreeable fmell ; otherwife in their perfons they arc without a taint. Mr. Banks faid, " that If our failors quarrelled with thefe people, they would not agree with angcla," which fufficicntly denotes thecoodncls of their dilpofition. We have mentioned that Waheatoua is re- lated to Otoo. The fame may be faid of the chiefs. of Eimeo, Tapamannoo, Huahcine, Ulictea, Otaha, Bo- labola, for thefe are all related to the royal fainily cf Otaheite. It is a maxim with the Earccs, and others of fuperior rank, as we have juft obferved, never to in- termarry with the Toutous, or others of inferior rank ; and probably this cullom might give rife to the efla- blilhmcnt of the elafs calt^rd Earceoies : it is certain thefe focietics prevent greatly the increafe of the fupe- rior clafFes of people, of which they are compofcd, and do not interfere with the lower or Toutous ; for we ne- ver heard of one of thefe being an Earrcoy ; nor that a Toutou could rife in life above the rank in which he was placed by his birth. Tnecuftomsof thefe people obferved in their cjiting, as our readers muft have perceived from what has al- ready been faid on this fubjed, are very fingular, and they fecm to entertain fome fuperftitious notions, not eafily difcoverable by ftrangers. The women are not permitted to eat with the men ; not, as it fhould fccm, to mark their inferiority, but in conformity to a cullom which habit has eftablilhcd into a la)y ; nor is it ufual for any of them to eat in company, except upon cer- tain days of fcftivity, when great numbers of them af^ femble together. A mefTenger from one of our Eng- lifh captains found Oberea, the then fuppofed queen of the illand, entertaining a company, which he fuppofed could not be lefs than a thoufand. The mefTes were all brought to her by the fervants, who had prepared them ; the meat being put into the fliclls of cocoa-> nuts, and the fliells into wooden trays ; and fhe diftri- buted them with her own hands to the guefts, w ho were featcd in rows. This done (he fat down herfelf upon a feat fomew hat elevated above the reft, and two women placing themfelves, one on each fide, fed her like a child. When flie faw the mefTenger, fhe ordered a mefs for him. They have two ways of drefling their animal food, namely, broiling and baking. The firfl is performed over hot flones, without any other con- trivance than that of placing the meat upon the clean flones, and when done enough on one fide, they turn it, and broil the other. Their manner of baking is very fingular and curious. They firfl dig a hole in the ground, in depth and dimenfions proportioned to the thing they have to drefs ; they then place a layer of wood at bottom, and over that a layer of ftones ; and fo alternately a laver of wood and a layer of ftones, till the hole is full : the fire is then kindled, and the ftones made hot; this done they uke out the fire, and placing the flones that are leaft heated one belide the other at the bottom of the hole, they cover them w ith frefh leaves ; and on thefe they put the meat intended to be baked; then after laying another layer of green leaves, they fill up the hole with the remaining hdi (loncs, and elofc the whole with the mould that was firfl; dugout of the pit. In this fituation the meat is fuf- ftttd to remain for three or four hours ; and w hen ; taken out is then fo favoury, as not to be exceeded by the 156 Capl. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. :1 tl 1 iiii«i y^ i I the beft European cookery. Alinoft all the Ht(h and fifti eaten by the chiefs in the ifland is dreUld in one or the other of the above two ways : the latter is niofl in ufe among the gentry i and the former among the Commonalty, whofometimes indeed eat their fifli with- out drefling. Tnh'-! they have none, and thofc of the higheft oi'-.-ity dine on the ground under the ftiadc of a fpreadmg tree; frelh green leaves fcrve them fiir a cloth, and a balket which is fct down by them holds their provifion ; thcfc, and two C(Koa-nuts, one filled with fait water, the other with frefli, complete the whole preparation for a meal. When this is done, they wafli their hands and mouths, and then, if nothing calls them abroad, they ufually lay thcmfclvcs doun to flccp. It was long before any of thcni could be pcr- fuaded to eat with Europeans, and they certainly, like the Jews, have fome fupcrftitious ceremonies to be ob- fcrvcd in the preparation of the food they cat, which, if omitted, renders it unclean, or they would not have continued fcrupulous fo long. Even the food of their women is differently prepared from that of the men j And if touched by unhallowed hands, is accounted un- fit for ufe. Some of the gentlemen, when invited to their houfes, eat out of the fame balket, and drank out of the fame cup with their hofts j but it was obfervcd, that the elderly women were always offended with this liberty ; and if they happened to touch the viduals of any of the anticnt matrons, or even the balket that held it, they never failed to exprefs their diflikc, and to throw It away ; nor could the women of falhion ever be pcrfuadcd to eat with the gentlemen, when dining in company : but what fecms moft ft range, and hardly to be accounted for, they would go, five or fix in com- pany, into the fervants apartments, and cat heartily of whatever they could find ; nor did they fcem in the leaft difconcerted, if they were difcovcred ; yet it was not eafy to perfuade any of them when alone, in pri- vate with a gentleman, to eat with him, nor would they ever do it but under the moft folcmn promifcs of fccrecy. Their amufements arc various, fuch as mufic, dan- cing, wreftling, fhooting with the bow, darting their lances, fwimming, -^wing, and flinging of (tones. Their mufic it mu. c confcffcd is very imperfect, confifting only of a Hutc and drum, yet with thefe, companies go about che country, and frequent t^eir feftivals, being in equal eftimation with them as mau- rice dancers were formerly with us, and the diverlion they make is notunfimilar. In Ihooting the long bow, or in throwing the lance, they by no means excel ; nci- thcrare they very dexterous at wrcftlingj but at throw- ing ftones, and fwimming, they are perhaps equal to any people upon earth. Among other divcrfions, they have their heivas, nearly corrcfponding with our Eng- lifti wakes. The young people meet together to dance and to make merry ; and at thefe times their minftrels and players conftantly attend, as formerly perfons of the fame charadler were wont to do all over England, and in fome counties the veftiges of that antient cuC- lom remain to this day. At thefe heivas. however, their female performers, in their dances, have no re- gard to decency ; and though the fame end was no oubt in view in the inftitution of the wake and heiva, yet what in England was concerted with the utmoft fe- crecy, is publickly avowed and pr;K tifed in Otaheite. But though the inflrumcntal mulic of the Otaheiteans is much confined, their vocal mufic is by no means con- temptible; yet in the fwcetncfs of the voice confifts all the melody, for they have no rules to regulate the tones. Their fongs are accompanied with words of their own compofing, which they can vary into long and fliort verfes, fprightly or iblcmn, as occafion pre- fcnts ; and as their language is exceeding harmonious and mulical, a ft^rangcr is no lefs delighted with the arranteft nonfenfe, than he would be with the moft fublime compofition. The heivas are indifcriminately frequented by all ranks of people ; but there is dill a more exceptionable meeting held by thofe of high rank, to which fuch only are admitted who are properly ini- tiated. Thefe people form a dillin(ft fociety. in which .4 every woman is common to every man ; and at their meetings, which are dirtinguiflicd by the name of Ar- reoy, the fpoits they pradtife arc beyond imagination wanton. We may trace fomewhat like this in the hif- tory of the anticnt inhabitants of our own ifland. Per- haps it woulil be no exaggeration to add, that in the city of London, there arc as many men as the whole ifland of Otaheite contains, who devote themfelves en- tirely to the plcafures of fenfuality, and who attach themfelves to no one woman, but enjoy indilcrimi- natcly all they may ; and that there are an equal num. ber of women to be met with, who are at all times ready to gratify their delires. Drefs, among the ladies of Otaheite, fecms to be as much ftudicd, as in more civilized nations. However, neither the feet or legs, even of the quality, have any covering, or any defence from the ground, or the fcorthing heat of the fun, which at ibme fcafons is very iiuenfc : but they are very nice in ornamenting their heads, and in ftiading their faces. That part of their hcad-drefs, in which they pride thcmfclvcs moff, is threads of human hair, fo dcficatcly plaited, that it is not unufual for them to have garlands of this manu- fadure wound round their heads ; the plaits w hereof be- ing interwove with flowers have a very pretty effe times they hold one of thefe bunches, and at others, only two or three feathers between the fore- finger and thumb. COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difi«vtriu in the South Seat & Round the World. \ 57 ine ungracc- thumb. and fay a prayer, not one word of which wc could underftand. Whoever makes a voyage Co thia ifiand, will do well to provide himfelf with red lea- thers, the fineft and fmallcft that arc to be got. l^Iu mud alfo have a good ftock of axes and hatchcti. fpike-nails, files, knives, looking-glaflca, beads, ami cfpecially Ihects and fliirts, which our gentlemen found the ladies very defirous of having. The arts in the ifland of Otahcite may be reduced to five, namely, architcilturc, carving, (hip-builJing, na> vigation, and painting. Of their architcdurc there is one remarkable fpccimcn exiting in the greater ifland, which is the Moral, or fepulchral monument of Obcrca. It is a prodigious pile of (lone 267 feet long, and 87 wide at the bafc, raifed by flights of (Icps to the height of 44 feet. ThcTe fleps are each four feet high, nar- rowing gradually, till they end in a fmall entablature, on which near the middle Hands the figure of a binl carved in wood ; and at fome diftance the broken frag- ments of a fi(h cut in done. This pile makes a con- fiderable part of one fide of a fquare court, whofc area is 360 feet by 354, inclofed within a ftone wall, and paved with the Jame materials through its whole extent. As this (quare isfurrounded with trees, and has many § rowing within it of a particular kind, it forms at a iftance the mod delightful grove that imagination can paint. At what time it was eredcd could not be learnt, for they have no records of paft tranfadions ; but being conltrudcd of coral nones, many of large dimenfions, neatly fquared and polifhed, and fo nicely joined as hardly to difcovcr a feam, it mud fill the mind of a nice obferver with admiration and rapture, while he examines all its parts. To think how fuch a mafs of materials could be brought together in an idand wherein no quarries are to be found ; how thefc materials could be cut with fuch exadhiefs, as to form a pile by rain, without cement, and that with tools little harder than the fubdance to which they were applied ; and, ladly, how thcfe enormous blocks of done could afterwards be raifed to the height of 44 feet, to clofc and cover in the building, mud furely excite the won- der of every ordinary beholder; but to mark the fym- metry of the whole, fo judly proportioned in every part, as to difplay the mod confummatc judgment, mud afford a fead to an enlightened mind, of which an ordinary feaman can have no relidi. This noble druo- ture, and drong proof of genius, will remain the ad- miration of all who may have t^e pleafurc of feeing it, perhaps, as long as the ifland itfcif fliall endure ; for being folid, and without a cavity, no time, that will not equally afled the ifland, can dedroy It. Of their carving in dortt there are but very few ipecimens to be produced, and indeed, when their tools they have to work with are confidcred, it is more to be admired, that there are any, than tliat there are fo few ; but wc have reafon to hope, that now they are made acquainted with the ufe of iron, and have conliderablc quantities of that rnetal among them, that their improvements will fpeedi'y be proportioned to their advantages, and the acutenefs of their underdanding. But of their carving in wood, we faw not a tool, or ordinary utenfil, that did not difcover evident proofs of their expcrtnefs in this art. Their veflels for navigation arc all adorned With it ; and in fome of their penormances an excel- lence is difcemable, which, with fuch tools as they have to work with, no Eutopcan carver could exceed. With regard to their fliip-building, they arc upon a footing with their neighbours, if not at piefcnt fupe- rior to them. Their ordinary veflels arc well adapted to the feas they have to navigate, and we never heard of a iingle indance of one of them being cad away. Mod ofthem^re elevated at the head and dern, for the purpofc of defending the rowers from the furf, which on thefc iflands breaks upon the fhorc with un- common violence, Thofc of Otahcite are in form not unlike the punt boats, with flat bottoms, fuch as are ufed by our fifliermen on the river Thames, or ra- ther like thofc ufed for the fame purpofc on the Severn : they arc no where wider than three feet, though fome Of them arc more than 60 feet long, nor arc they an inch deeper in the body, though at the head and dern. they rife with a curvature more than 1 1 tect. As if would be impofllble to navigate thefc vcfTcts, fo long„ and fo narrow, without fume contrivance to keep them upright, they place two of them as near as can be of the lame dimenfions, along-fidc of each other, at three, four, or five feet didance, and with drong fparsjoin them together ; then raifing a mad in each, they lioid a fquare fail, the yards of which are fadencd above and below to the corrcfponding mads, and thus«quipt, with, a cabin ercdcd between them to dow their provilions, they will keep the fqa for fcvcral days. In rigging their, double canocs,'thcy have a rule for proportioning the height of the mads to the length of the keel, and of fitting the fail to the height of the madj they like wife have a contrivance of failing in fingle canoes by means of out*riEgers, which project on the lee-fide of the veflcl, ana prevents their ovcr-fctiing : to this out- rigger one corner of the fail is made fad, which fail being wide at the bottom, and rounding to a point at the top, very much rcfcmblcs what the bontmon call a (houlder of mutton fail, fretiuently ftcn on the river Thames. To thofc who have been told, that the mafon can joint with fo much nicety as to be imper- vious to water, it will not fccm drangc that their car- penters can do the fame w ith refpcct to timber ; yet it certainly mud require much art, and incredible l:ibour, fird to fell the tree, then to cleave it out into planks, then to hollow it out into the intended (hape ■, next to fmooth and polifli it, after that to joint it, and lad of all to put it together, and faw it ; for they w ere w holly ignorant oi the art of bolting it with wooden bolts, or jointing it together by means of mortices, till the Eu- ropeans vifited them. It is no wonder, therefore, that they dreaded nothing fo much as the dedrucUon of their boats, when threatened by the Enj!;lini for any of- fence, nor that they fhould be more careful in covciing their boat-houfcs from the fun and rain, than they arc infecuring their dwellings from the funic injury. As the whole art of navigation depends ujwn their minutely obferving the motions of the heavenly bodies, it is afio- nidiing with what exadlnefs their navigators can de- fcribe the motions, and changes of thole luminaries. There was not a dar in the hemifpherc, fixed, or er- ratic, but Tupia could give a name to. tell when, and where, it would appear, and difappear ; and, what was dill more wonderful, he could tell, from tlie afpcA of the heavens, the changes of the wind, and the al- terations of the weather, feveral days before they hap- pened. By this intelligence he had been enabled to vilit mod of the iflands for many degrees round that of which he was a native. By the fun they deer in the day, and by the dars in the night; and by their fliill in prefaging the weather, they can, w ithout danger, lengthen or fliorten their voyage as appearances are for or againd them. Having no medium wherewith to trade, their voyages fcem wholly calculated for difco- very, or to increafe their acquaintance with other na- tions. Riches they do not fcem folicitous to acquire. They certainly interchange their commodities among themfelves, as well as with drangers j the fid\erman barters his fidi for the planter's bread-fruit, and fo of the red; yet every man feems to be a fiflierman, and every man a planter: this diews, that wc are dill drangers to their civil oeconomy. It had been good policy to have fufl^ered two er three young perfons, who were defirous of daying behind, to have fettled among thctn, cfpecially, as there was reafon to believe, that the ifland would again be vifited, if for no other rea- fon than to redore to them the native who had volun- tarily undertaken a voyage to Europe ; but againd this Capt..Cook fccms to have been carefully guarded. With rcfpedl to the art of painting among thefc people, to us it appeared to be in a rude date, being chiefly confined to the figures reprcfented on their bodies, and the or- naments on their canoes. The figures on their bodies arc gcncrallv thofc of birds and fidies, fomctimes after nature, and fomctimes the cfTufions of fancy; but whatever is reprcfented, the outline is traced with fur- prizing exadnels. This art is folely confined to the 3 R pried- 158 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. prtefthood, and i* performed like baptifm ai a rite, without which, after a certain age, none an accounted worthy of tociety. From twelve to fourteen is the pe- riod allotted for the performance of this rit(, fbr bc- fort that age children are thought unable to etulnre the firurt. The other fort of painting in ufe among thefc iflandera may be rather called daubing, confining only in colouring the rude carvings in their ptcafurc ooau, 8k. fometimcs with one colour, ibmctimes with ano- ther, but mod commonly with red. We fhall clofe this head with a few remarks on their marine force, or war canoes, confidercd as their grand fleet. Capt. Cook when lad at Otaheite conceived rather an unfa- vourable opinion of Ofoo's capacity and talents ; but the rapid improvements fincc made in the ifland con- vincca us, that he mud be a man of good parts { and it i» certain that he has fome judicious, fenfible men about him, who have a great (hare in the gcivernment ; but we cannot fay how tar his power extends as king, nor how far he ran command theaflldancc of the other chiefs, or is controulablc by them : this however is cer- tain, that all have contributed towards bringing the iflc to its prefent flourifhing date : yet we found it not with- out divifions among tneir great men. The king told us, that Towha, the admiral, and Foatatou, were not his friends. Thefc being two leading chiefs, Otoo mud have been jealous of them on account of their creat pow er ; yet on every occafion he feemcd to court tneir intered. We are inclined to think they raifed by far the greated number •( vcflels and men, to go againd Eimeo, and were to be the two conimamlcrs m the ex- pedition, which, according to common report, was to uke place five days after our departure. Waheatoua, king of Tiarabou, was to join this fleet to that of Otoo, and that young prince was to be one of the comman- ders. One would think fo fmall an illand as Eimeo, would have endeavoured to ftttic matters by negotia- tion rather than rcfid the united force of thole two powerful nations ; yet nothing was heard or talked of out fighting. Towha faid more than once, that he ihould die in the adlion. Oedidec thought the battle would be fought at fea ; but we thought it mod proba- ble, that the people of Eimeo would remain at home on the defeniive, as we were informed they did about five or dx years ago, when attacked by the people of Tiarabou, whom they repulfed. We were told, that fivegcncral officers were to command in this expedition, of which number Otoo was one; and, if they named them in order according to the pods they held, Otoo was only the third in command ; which (eems probable enough ; for he being but a young man he could not have fudicient experience to be commander in chief, where the greated (kill and judgment fecmed to be nc- ccfTary. Capt. Cook was difpofed to have daid five or fix days longer, had he been furc the expedition would have taken place in that time, but it feemcd they wanted us to be gone*fird. It was fometimcs reported, that it would not be undertaken before ten moons ; as if it was neccfTary to have that time to put every thing in order. For feveral days before we failed, Otoo and the other chiefs had ceafedto folicit our alliance and af- fidance, which they were continually doing at fird ; and after Capt. Cook had alTured Otoo, that if they got their fleet ready in time he would fail with them down to Eimeo, we heard no more of it. Probably they thought it more political to be without us, knowing it was in our power to bedow. the vidtory on whom we pleafed. Be this as it may, they undoubtedly wanted us to be gone before they undertook any thing ; and thus we were deprived, much againd our inclination, of feeing the whole fleet aflemblcd on this occafion, and, perhaps of being fpedators of a well conduded engagement at fea. What number of vefTels were ap- pomted for this grand expedition we could not learn. We heard of no more than two hundred and ten, bc- fides a number of fmall canoes for tranfports, and the allied fleet of Tiarabou, the ftrength of which we could not gain the lead intelligence : nor could we learn the number of men neceflary to man this fleet. Whenever 4k quedion was gSke^ the anfwcr wu Warou, warou^ 3 warou te Tata, that it many, many, men. Allowing forty to each war canoe, and four to each of the others, which ii ■ moderate computation, and the number will amount to nine thoufand i an adonidiing number, if we confider they were to be raifed in only four dif- tridls, and one of them, namely, Matavai, did not equip a fourth part of the fleet. That of Tiarabou it not included in this account j and many other didrida might be arming which we knew nothing of i yet we think the whole ifland of Otaheite did not arm on thia occafion, fbr we faw not any preparations making at Oparree. We believe that the chief, or chiefs, of each didridl, fuperintended the equipping of the fleet be- longing to that didrid t after which they mud pafs in review before the king, who by this means knows the date of the whole intended to go on fervirc. The num- ber of war canoe* belonging to Attahourou and Ahopata is an hundred and ftxty { to Tettaha forty s to Mata- vai ten; now if we fuppofe every didrict in the illand, of which there are forty-three, to raife and equip the fame number of war canoes as Tettaha, according to this edimate, the whole ifland can raife and equip one thoufand feten hundred and twenty war canoes, and fixty-eight thoufand able men, allowing forty to each canoe ; and feeing thefe cannot amount to above one third part of the number of both fcxes, children in' eluded, the whole ifland cannot contain lefs than twu hundred and four thoufand inhabitants. This at firlt light exceeded our belief; but when, upon a review of this calculation, wt confidered the vad fwarms of natives which appeared wherever we went, we Were convinced our edimate was not much, if at all too great. There cannot, in our opinion, be a drongcr £roof of the richncfs and fertility of Otaheite (not forty agues, or 120 miles, in circuit) t' ; n that of its fup- porting fuch a number of warriors and warlike inhabi- tants, all artids, and pofTcflcd of? P.cet both their glory and defence. Such is the prefent date of the arts in this celebrated idand, which, had Tupia lived to have come to England, and to have returned' again to his own countiy, would, no doubt, have received dill mor* rapid improvements ; for he was a man of real genius^ a pried of the fird order, and an excellent artid. Hii boy Tayota was the darling of the Endeavour's craw, being of a mild and docile difpofition, ready to do any kinaoffice for the mcaned in the fhip ; never com* plaining, but alw >; 1 pleafed. They both died much lamented at Batavia, the occafion of which has been re* lated in its proper place. The manufadhires of Otaheite are of various kinds | that of cloth is in the highed eftimarion among them. The material of which one fort is made is neither fpun, nor woven in a loom, but in every refp^tft is prepared adcr the fird fimple maiuier of making paper befora mills were applied to facilitate the ia'jour. The berk is fird dripped from the tree and laid in the water, as wa do flax, to foak : it is then divedcd of the rind by fcraping, till only the fibres of the infide remain. When properly cleanfed, it is placed upon leaves, one layer by the fide of another, till it is of fufficient breadth ; and in the fame manner it is extended to what length the manufadurer chufes, or the ground will admit; and to drcngthcn it and incrcafe it$ br^th, one layer is laid over another till it is of the fubdance required. This done, it is left to drain, and when jud dry enough to be raifed fmm the ground, it is placed upon a kind of dage, made of fmooth boards, and beat with a fquarc beater about a foot long, and two or three inches broad. On each of the four fide? o( this beater parallel lines are Cut lengthwife: thefe lines differ in finenefs, in a proportion from fhuU twine to a filken thread. They fird begin with th^ coaricd fide of the beater, and finifh with the finelT. By the continual application of this beater, in which two people are continually employed, who dand oppo> fite to each other, on each fide of the dage, and rMuIat* their drdtes like fmiths on an anvil, the cloth, itclotll it may be called, in its rough fta^e thins apace, and M it thina, it of couife increafes in breadth. When i^ has undergone f bU proccft, ic ii then fpreat) out w vhtttot lAta J. COOK't SECOND VOYAGE— for making Diltoveriei in the Souti St^ Ac Round I ;« h »59 whiun, which when fufiicicndyr done, it i> delivcrt-d 10 the ladies, whore pravince ii to look it cafHully over, and to remove all blemifhcv, 'I'hui far loin- pleted, it ii coloured, generally red or yellow, aftef whii h it i> rolled and laid up for ufe. By thii proi *l« the reader will readilv comprehend in what manner the fabric may be varied into fine or coarfe, according to the material! of which it ii made, and the labour be- ftowed upon it. In Otaheite the bark of three diffe- rent treei ii made ufe of in thii manufacture; the Chincfe paper mulberry, the bread-fruit tree, and the wild flg-tree. Of the iirft and fccond the linctl fortt are madci but of the la(l, the mod durable. The lirft and fecond imbibe water like paper t but the lat- ter will rcfift the rain. They have a method of wa(h- Ing this cloth, after it has been worn, and when waflied it IS again beaten i by this laft proccfs it is rendered Tery loft and pliable. Another confiderable manufac- ture is that of matting, made likcwifc of the rinds of plants and Ihrubs, which are worked to a degree of finenefs not to be equalled by any thing of the kmd known in Europe. Of this manufa»Jhirc are made their fails, the covering of their beds, and their cloath- ing in rainy weather. Their cordage is another con- fiderable article, which is made of the rind of a plant not unlike a wild nettle. In this manufadurc they iikewifc excel, but we do not learn that any of it was purchafcd for the Ihip's ufe. Their lines made for fifli- ing arc much fuperior to any thing of the kind iifcd in Europe, being ftroiiger and infinitely nwrc durable. Their fifliing nets have the fame advantages; but the cords made of human hair, » hich the ladies wind round their heads, and which, like iwttiig, is the chief amufement of the ladiea there, is incomparably be- yond any thing that can be conceived in twifting. Mr. Banks is faid to have had in his poffefTion a fpccimen of it, near two thoufand yards in length, and as fine as our finell thread, not having one knot, or apparent joining, neither have they any engine to afTift them in the performance, but all is done by the hand, and with a quickncfs that almolt exceeds belief. They have likewife a manufadturc of balket, or wicker work, of which every native is a proficicnr. ; and as they have a iind of emulation in excelling in this kind of work, it is not to be wondered at. that there fliould be as many different forms, as there arc different makers, fomc of them incomparably neat. But amon^ the curiofitics of this kind, that which was moft admired by the Endea- vour's people, when at this ifle, was the figure of a man upwards of feven feet high, reprefentcd in bafkct Vork, which they imagined was a reprefentation of one of their deities. This wicker (keleton was completely covered with feathers, white where the (kin was to ap- pear, and black in thofe pans which it is their cuflom to paint or flain. and upon the head, where there was to be a reprefentation of hair. Upon the head were ibur protuberances, three in front, and one behind, which the natives called Tate-etee, or little men. Other manufactures of !efs account, yet not unworthy of notice, are their weapons of war, which feem to be the workmanfhip of the owners, their fifliing tackle of various forts, their working tools, and their jewe'ery ; but in this lad it cannot be expedited, confidering their tools, they fhould have any fcopc to difplay or exercife their ingenuity. We come now to fpeak of their civil ^vemmcnt, of which we have it not in our power to give our readera 8 diflind and perfedl idea. This ifland of Ouheitc made formerly but one kingdom ; how long it has been divided into two we cannot pretend to fay, wc believe not long. The kings of Tiarabou, are a branch of the fiuQily of Opoureonu ; at prefent the two are nearly rc- bted, and we believe the former is. in fome meaiure, dependent on the latter. Otoo is ftiled Earec de hie of the whole ifland ; and we were told, that Wahea- toua, the king of Tiarabou, muft uncover before him, {n the fame manner as the lowed order of his fubjeds do. This homage is not only paid to Otoo, but to Tarevatou, his brother, and his fecond fider, to the pne'as heir, and to the other as heir apparent. We have foaictimcs kai the Eowai (uul Whanooa cov^rod in be an his attcndan( negiXiatR matters ..y t VN'haiitio^ . ways tat of any on xing cx- thc I'outoL . , tur ns tu ibfcrvej, they nc\cr lirfbre the king, but whctiier by ctxirt>.-ry or by -irtuc I thtirollice. we could not learn. Thci^r «i*n, who i the prin<.i()a! pcrfons about the king, itui f n court, are generally, if not always his rcUi K} ofiry\ nicntirxned in this narrative, was on .1. V Fxiwas, who hold the firfl riink, atttn ii i», I c< itain nui wr tach day, lo that thty nw call' '1 loWfi in wi»'" ig. Wc felJom linind I ve aU .as ncccfTary, as beinj^ btfl 1)li > :t\kec'n Capt. Cook and the chici on thi3 fervicc h? \> . * always ci twl, and h<- 'xctutta the feme, we have rt*lbi\ to i>. , to the i ikli«m of both parties. The t«»»« with the king ; nor do we ki eluded from this privilege, . the women, as we have alf '' eat with the men, let their lanli lie ever lit itiuth tie vated. Notwithflanding thcfc crtabliflitd orders, there was very little alx>ut Otoo's pcrfon or court, m hereby a flrangcr could dillinguilh the king from the fubjcdt. We rarely faw him drcfl'cd in any thing but a ccminon piece of cloth wrapped round his loins ; fo that he teemed to avoid all outward pomp, and even to demean himfrlf more than any of his Earecs around him. Wc have feen his mft)efly work at a paddle, in coming to and going from the fliip, in common with othcis in the boat ; and even when fome of his Toutous fat look- ing on ; and fuch is the tincontroulcd liberty oi' this happy ifle, that every individual has free acccfs to nim without the leaft ceremony i hence it is, that the Earecs and other chiefs are more be- loved than feared by the bulk of the people. We ihould think ourfelves happy in knowing more »>! thi» mild and equal government, than the general out-line ; for as to the orders of the tonl\itucnt parts, how con- flrudled, difpofcd, and conncdtcd, lb as to form one body politic, we can fay but little. I'rom what we have been able to difcovcr, and gather from informa- tion, it feems very evidently to be of the feudal kind ; and a remarkable conformity appears between the po- litical eflablilhmcnt of Otaheite, and that of the an- tient Britons, which coniifted of fcvcral fmalt nations, under feveral petty princes, or chiefs, who in cafes of common danger united under one head. Thefe chieft had all of them their refpedive families, who multi- plying, became a diflind clafs from the common peo- ple, and prcferved by their perfonal courage, and le- nity, a very great influence over them. Of thefe two clalfes, added to that of the prieflhood, the whole bodf politic confided ; fo that among them, what one clafs found neceffary to command, the other was ready t* execute. Hence it was that indudry took place, and arts were invented; and this feems to be the prefent date of the iflanders of w hom wc are now fpcaking. Laws they had none, but fuch as arofc from the idea of fuperiority ^ind fubiniflion. fuch as excite parents to correct the faults of their children ; neither have the Otahciteans any other at this day. There is no crime among them that fubjedls a man to death, and when life is taken away, it is always in the heat of paflion or refentment, and not the cffe&. of formal accufation and deliberate puniihment. The contentions that arofe among the chiefs became the quarrels of the whole community, and thofe quarrels nccelFarily led the par- tics to have recourfe to arms, and in proportion as the contentions grew more frequent, the weapons that were contrived for defence, grew more defperate. It was not, however, till after civilization took place, that contentions for liberty began to fpread devadation among people of the fame community. In their pri- mary date of fubje(flion, the people never entertained a thought that they were in flavery : they obeyed as children do their parents, from a principle originating in nature, which induces the weak to fubmit to the ftrong, and thofe of uninformed underdanding to be foverned by thofe whofe wifdom and courage they rea- lly acknowledge. This, in our opinion, is an impar- tial and juft rcprefenution of the Itate of the civil go- vernment in Otaheite, wherein none think themfelves flaves, yet few are free. At to the Kltgion of thispco{>le, we arc as much at a lots i m.i i6o capt. c o o K t V o Y A Cf E s c o M p L i: I i;. I- Inft Inr nutrriali to form in npi lion on ihii Aihlecl ai former navi^aiun. The lialr mtoniiation wc have hi- therto rrcrivetl i» To va^ienml < onirAilictory, that no. thing with certainty lan he (iiid about it. Wc have fail! thev have iiloN, yet they appear m>t to be iilo- latcr* I that they h;nc pliKTi of worlhip, yet never af. femble in ron|;re|^tionH to |wiy adoration t that they ac> knowlf ilgf ileitiet of (ivcrfli orilcM, but that they have no tiirm* of aiUltillinj,' thcin i aiul that they mutter fomeuhat like extcin|M>riry pr.iM'M, yet have no ora- tories, or formj of ilcvotion, nor any fct tiiuei for private or public worlhip. Thoy have priclU likewife of fcvcral orilern, who have (iilfcrent otlices afTigncili but few of thofc olliion .ire particularized, except that they prcliile ami pr.iy at liincralit. anit arc the principal attendants at their Mora i, or burying places i though it docs not a; pear that any ceiemnnies of devotion arc performed there. 'I'hc otlicci that have been ob- fcrveil as appertaining to the priellluKHl are three, naimiy, cinuiiv ilini^ tattowing, and praying at the funeral i of the dead. I hat of cirruniciling is not pcr- foniud after the manner of the Jews, but after a pc- rulinr manner of their own, and has no doubt the pu- rity of the circumcifed liirits objeCl, in bringing every part about thein into contact with the water, witn \Oiiih they conHantly walh three times c\cry day. 'lattowing, whatever its objeOl, is never omittca i and ^inlying for the dead it a proof that they believe in the foiii's exifting in a lennrate Hate, after death, which ii confirmed by their placing meat anil drink in their bu- rying places. In thiscuimm, they are far from being lingular. Among th<' anticnt Komaivi, in the infancy 111' their flat , they placed meat upon the tombs of their deceafed friends, that the gholis might come out .Tiul cat. ai. they believed they would j and when they intended to exprefs the moli abjcCt flate of human V rctc+iednefn, they ufed to fay, " fuch a creature gets his food from the tombs." 'I he characTtcr of the Ta- howa in Otahcite, very nearly corrcfponds w ith that of l)ruid among the antient Britons. lie is the chief prielt, and his erudition conlilh in learning the feveral traditional memorials of anticnt times ; in being made acquainted w ith the opinion of their anccllors, concern- ing the origin of things ; and in the repetition of fliort niyfterioiis fentcnccs, in a language which none but thofct)f their I wn orders can underftand. The Bra- mims of the eail have their mylUc, unknown tongue, as have alfo all the followers of the great Zoroaftcr. 'I'hc prielhs arc fupcrior alfo to the reft of the people in the knowledge of navigation and aftronomy, and in all the liberal arts, of which thcfe people have any idea. Thus far the character of the lahowa agrees with that of Uruid, in every particular. The Druids were the only perfons of any fort of learning, which < onlilkd in the obfcrvation of the heavens, knowledge of the ftais, whereby they prefaged future events ; they had the care of ail religious matters, and their authority wasabfoluie. The chief of the Druids, was pontiff or high priel^, whofe dignity was cleclive. Thus we iii'c;ht trace the conformity of the cuftoms and manners of nations remote from each other, in their infant flate, but wc wave fuch an enquiry, as it might be thought foreign to our bufinefs in hand. Wc fliall conclude this hiftorical ITtetch of Otahcite with a brief account of their funeral ceremonies, in which the prieft and the people jointly artilt. When a native is known tabe dead, tht houfc is filled with relations, who deplore their lofs, fomc by loud lamen- tations, and fonie by lefs clamorous, but more genuine expreflions of grief. Thofc who arc the neareft de- gree of kindred, and moft aflbdfcd by the event, arc liient ; the reft arc one moment uttering paflionate cx- prclHons, or exclamations in a chorus, and the next laughing and talking, without the leaft appearance of concern, much like the manner of the wild Irifli ; but this folcmnity is continued for a day and a night, whereas by the Iriih it is continued feveral nights. On the next morning the body is flirouded, and conveyed to the fea fide on a bier, upon the shoulders of the bearers, and attended by the priclt, who having prayed over the boily, repeat* hit fentcnccs tiuring the pro- ccdion. When they arrive at the watem edge, it ti fet down on the bcm h: the pricl* renew* hi* prayer*, and taking up foine of the water in hit hand, fprinklo it toward* the hotly, but not uiwn it. It i* then carried back forty or fifty yard*, and foon after hruiight again to the beach, where the prayer* and fprinklmg arc ic- pcated. It is thus removed baikwaids ami lluward* feveral time«i and during thepcrdiman. etit this cere- mony, A houfc has been built, and a fiiiall piece of ground railed round, in the lentre of which a llage i« iT.Chil whereon they place the bier, and the btnly i* left to putrify, till the fldh is waded from the Ixmc*. A* foon a* the IkxIv i* depolited in the Moral, the mourning is renewe«l. The women now airemblc, and are led to the d«x)r by the ncarelt reLition, whoftriken a Ihark's tooth feveral time* into the crown of her head : the blood copioully follow*, and is caieliilly received upon piece* of cloth, or linen, which are thrown un- der the bier. The rel^ of the women fiillow this exam- ple, and the ceremony is repeated at the interval of two or three days, as long as the zeal and (iirrow of the parties hold out. 'J he tears alfo which are llied upon thi* occalion are received upon piei es of cloth, and of- fered a* oblations to the dcail. Some of the younger people cut oil their hair, which is liktwile thrown un- der the bkr. This cuftom is foundcjl on the notion, ai fomc of our gentlemen thought, that the foul of the deceafed is hovering alwut the place where the body is depufited i that it obferves the actions of the fur- vivors, and is pratifieti by fuch tellimonies of their af- fection and grief) but whether this is jiart of the na- tives faith ill very problematical! neither, in our opi- nion, is it certain, that the priell is an attendant in the funeral procedion down t<) the waters edge i for in the funerals at which Mr. Danks was a ) aity,' no men- tion is made of a pried j and Tiilierai 'I'uinaide, who wa» chief mourner, performed the whole of the fu- m rul fcrvice. 1 i.e natives arc all laid to fly before thefe piocefTions, and the rcafon a(Iij;ned is, becaufe the chief mourner carries in his hand a long flat flick, the edge of which is fet with lliarks, aiulin a phrenfy, which hi« grief is fuppofed to have infpircd, he run* at all he fees, and if any of them happen to be over- taken, he drikcs them moft unmercifully w ith his in- dented cudgel, which cannot fail to W( und them in a, moft dangerous manner; but this rcafon, though a plaufible one, does not, in our judgment, feem to como up to what is faid in the courie of the relation, by the compiler of Capt. Cook's voyage, who tells us, that while the corpfe is carrying in procedion, the people every where fly and hide thcmfelves in the wood*, and that none but thofc immediately concerned in it, if they can avoid it, come in fight. Were it only for fear of the cudgel that thefe people fled, they needed not run fo far as the woods, nor to quit their houlcs (as Mr. Banks obferved they did when the corpfe of an old woman, whofe funeral he attended, came by in pro- ccfTion) to hide thcmfelves in holes j it would have been fudicicnt for them to have kept out of the reach of the cudgel j but they niuft be aw ed by fome fccrct motive 5 fome fuperftitious dread of fome misfortune happening to them, fliould they meet the corpfe, ci- ther in an unlucky place, or in an ominous lituation | as at this day many people in the northern parts of Bri- uin get out of the way of a corpfe when carrying to the grave, for thcfe or the like rcalbr.?. The people of Otahcite, wc think, arc not intimidated by the appre- henlion of being beaten ; but they may have a dread upon them of they know not what ; yet it is fuch a dread as infcnfibly impels them to keep at a diftancc, and if they are by accident furprizcd, and meet a corpfe at the comer of a ftrect, or the rounding of a hill, they never fail to bicfs thcmfelves, and turn the way the corpfe is carrying, and walk in the fame di- redion for feveral paces to avert the bad cfledls of the unlucky omen, which they always interpret againfl tbcmfclvcs. In an account of the funeral ceremonies pf the iflandcrs in the South Seas, the writer, who judged from what he himfclf faw, and not from wha^ was ^•-■rot making uijnvtritJ Louiul the trarlt W» refioned to him, lelU m, thtt the prleft, «cf om- panicil with twuboyi ptintcd Mark, •iicnd the Monti, or pl«:« where the corpfe U depoHted, to receive the hngi. fi(h, ami och«r proviflmu, which on thefe occa- flont arc offered to th« Eihoo*, or deity of the place, Knd to lay them upon *n alnr. Thii prieft i» alfi> em- ployed In ftrrwing iwer the body of the defum't Irnvc «, an(( ftowen of bamboo j and for two or three day» he oetallonally rangeathc adjacent Md> and wooHi, (roin whit >\ every one retire* on hit approach. The rela- tions, in the mean time, build a temporary houfe near the Vtorai, where they aflemble, and tne fetnairi mourn for the dcceafed, by flnaing fongt of grief, howliiiir, and wounding their bodici in cRlTcrcnt placei with (harks teeth i afVrr which they bathe their wounds in the next river or Tea, and again return to houl and cut themfelvet, which they continue for three day«. After the bodv ii corrupted, and the bonei are become bare, the (kcleton in dcpolited in a fort of ftone-pyramid buiht for that purpofc. Thcfc Moraii are frequented by 'WO birda (acred to their gtxii, namely, the grey h( M, and a blue and brown king-filher i but whether thcfc birds, or the pried and hit attendants eat the of- ferings that are made to the prefiding deitv, or whether they are eaten at all, we are not informcii, though we have fparcd no pains in making enquiries among our friends and fellow voyagers, concerning this and fcveral other doubtful and queftionable (mrticiilars. It is agreed, however, that the piety of the natives it in no inAnncc fo (Irongly exprefTed as in ihe profulion of co- vering they beftow upon the remains of their dcceafed friends, and in the ornaments with which they decorate their Morais, but thefe Morais arc not the receptacles of the ordinary dead, but appropriated folcly to the ufc of the principal families to which each rcfpcd- fully belongs : how it farei with the bodiei of thccom- mon herd we could not learn, whether they arc fuf- fcred to rot upon the ground, or under it i nor have our principals atforded us information concerning this particular i indeetl they fecm to have l>een moft intent upon what is ftriking in hish life, without regarding the ordinary occurrenc"s that daily pafs among the nuiltitudei thefe did not much attrad their notice. We diall juft add to what has been faid under this head, that the Otaheiteans have neither phyHciaiii or furgeons, by profcHion, except the prieft, whofc relief confiftt in prayers and ceremonies, not in dnigs or prc- fcriptions ; yet we muft not conclude from hence, that they arc dehcicnt in' the art of healing. Two or three initances occur in the relations of different voyagers, which, to fay no more, are ftriking proofs of their knowledge in what is neccflary toprefervclife. Tupia was pierced through the body with a lance, headed with the jagged bone of the fting-ray: the weapon went in at hitrack, and came out ju(t under his brcafl ; yet he was pcrfcdlly cured, and never complained of any bad etFedts of his wound. One man had his h' d almoft crufhcd, his face beat in, his nofc Hatted, ,iid one eye beat out, the hollow of which would almofl admit one's fift ; yet this man, we are told, was cured, and to all appearance felt no remaining pain. A third had a (lone through his head with a ding, in the time of aflion, and yet, (Irangc and improbable as it may fecm, h. like the others, wc arc informed, appeared to enjoy i good ftatc of health. We will not vouch for the truth of all the circumdanccs in thcfc relations, which we think are rather of the marvellous kind, yet we may \<. allowed to infer from the fads thcmiclvcs, that they are inconteftiblc proofs, that the natives of Otaheitc have a knowledge of the virtues oi balfams, of which wc arc either not poircfTed, or arc ignorant of their healing qualities. From this narrative of the ifland of Ouhcite and its inhabitants, fome will be ready to envy them their felicity ; but it muft be re- membered as a foil to this, that they do not always flcep iff fecurity : they are frequently lurpriied by their warlike neighbours, and whole diftrida arc depopu. kted ; for if in the inva(ions of one another's temto- ries, they happen to prove fucccfsful, the vidors fparc neither man. woman, nor child. But it is time now No. 19. to return to tht fliip, which on the 14th of May wc ictr under fail, and that night (he cleared the reef. ()n Sunday the 1 jth, we had an open fea, with A fine breete in cnir favour, and nurftied our voyage to the N. W. ind N. W. by W. Tne fame night we inadt^ the idand of Hu.iheinr, and anchored in the north entrance of O'Wharrc harbiiie red fcithert, which he held in hit hand, and muttered over them a pravcr. This morning the i>eoi)le began to bring ut fruit. The chief fcnt in two nogs, whii h were followed by hiin- felf and friends who came to dine with tit. Oree afked for axc4 anil nailt, which were readily givcrt him. Thefe he diftributedaihetileafed, butbelloMcd the largell fliarc uimn a )ntith wno ap|>earcd to b«' hit grandlon. After tne dilUibution w.xi over they all re- turned alhore. Mr. Forfter, and a party with him, went up the country to examine its produdiont 1 whic h he continued at a daily talk during the fhip't conti- nuance in this harbour. At a fervant of Mr. Forftcr'j was walking along the Oiorc, without a cnmp.inion, he wat befet by fcveral ftout fellows, who would have dripped him, had not fome of our people arrived to his adldance. One of the men made otf w ith a hatchet. This day the niiinbcr of nativet that came about the fliip wa< fo great, that it was found neccflary to place fentinclt in th'.- gangwayi, to prevent the men front coming on Iward ( but no oppontion wat made to the women, lo that the Oiip watcrouded with them. On Tuefday, the lyth, wc found Oree, and a great number of the priiicmal people alRnibled in a houfe confulting together. Wc heard the late robbery men- tioned by them fcveral timet 1 but the chief allured us, neither himfelf nor his friends had any hand in the fame, and defircd Capt. Cook to kill with his guns thofe that had. Wc could not learn where the rob- bers were gone, and therefore, at prefenc, took no more notice of the affair. In the eveninq; a dramatic enteruinment was exhibited. The fubjcA of the piece was that of a girl running away with us from Otaheitc. Tliis was not wholly a fiction, for a girl had taken her padage with ui from Ulietea. and was at this time prc- lent when her own advcntum were reprcfentcd : (he could hardly refrain from tears whilethc playwasadingt and it was with much difficulty wc perfuaded her to day out the entertainment. At the conclufion of the piece, the girl's return to her friends was reprc- fentcd J and the reception die met with wat not a fa- vourable one. It is very probable that this part of the comedy was dedgned to deter others from going away with Ub. On Wednefday, the i8th, king Oree came and dined on board, and the Capuin, at his dedre. or- dered the great guns to be diotted, and fired into the water, by way of falutc at his arrival and departure : indeed he had by Oedidce given us to undcrftand, that he cxpcdcd the fame honours to be paid to him, as had been (hewn to the chiefs of Otaheitc. A party of petty officers having obtained leave to amufc themfelvcs in the country, they took with them fome hatchets, nails, &c. in bags, which were carried by two natives, who went with them at their guides, to fhew the way. Thefe fellows madcoflr with the truft repofed in them, and artfully enough effeded their efcapc. The party had with them two mufquets j and after it had rained fome tim«, the natives pointed out fome birds for them 'o dWot. One of the guns went off. and the other nided fire fcveral times. At this indaiit, when the fel- lows Isw thcmfelves fecure from both, they took the opporttmity to run away, and not one of the party, bcingall much furprized, had prefence of mind enough to purfue them. On the i9tn a report was current, that the natives intended to rife and atttck the (hip. The captain, though he did not think them ferious m fuch ail attempt, yet was unwilling toully to diftegard the inthnhation: he therefore ordered twenty ftand of arnu to be in rcadiners, to cafe any commotion (boulc*. « S h. be obfcrvcd among them ; but though the rumour in- creafed throughout the day, yet no preparations could be perceived to countenance fuch a report ; and the king continued hi« vifits as ufual, never coming empty handed. On Friday, the 20th, the firll and fccond lieutenants with one of the mates, being out on a fliooting party, they were befet by more than fifty of the natives, who tirft took from them their arms, and then robbed them of what artidcs they had carried with them to trade. In the fcufflc the firft lieutenant loft the Mtt of his coat, and one of the other gentlemen received a fcverc blow. When the robbers had ftripped them of their merchandizes, they reftored to them their fowling pieces. When this tranfaiilion came to the knowledge of Cipt. Cook, he went immediately with a boat's crew on Ibore, and entered a large houfe wherein were two chiefs. This, with all their cffeds, he took polTeflion . of, and remained there, till he heard that the gentle- men had got fafc on board, and had all their things re- ftorcd to them. Oedidce informed us, Orce was fo much art'eded with the relation of this, that he wept much. When on board, we learnt from the officers thcmfelves, that a fmall infult on their part was the occafion of the affray; but fomc chiefs interfering, took the officers out of the croud, and . caufcd every thing which had been taken from them to be reftorcd. On the 2 1 ft, we faw upwards of lixty canoes, moft of the people in th« (n being Eareeoics, fleering for Ulictca, and we heard they were going to vifit their brethren in the neighbouring iflands. It fcems thefe people have cuftoms among thcni peculiar to thcmfelves ; andaffift each other when neceffity requires ; we may therefore call them the Free Mafons of Huahcine. This day Orce fcnt a melTagc to Capt. Cook, dei. ng he woul^ come on ftiore, and bring twenty-two men with him, in order to fearch for and chaftife the robbers. Oedidce brought with him twenty^two pieces of leaves to affift hismemor)-, a cullom vcrV common among thefc peo- ple. This meflage fcemed to us an extraordinary one, and therefore the captain went to the chief for better information. Orce mformed him, that thefe fellows were a fct of banditti, who had formed thcmfelves into a body, and had refolvcd to rob all they met, fur which purpofe they vcre now aflcmbled and armed. Thefe robbers Oree wanted us to attack, the captain faid they would fly to the mountains ; but he affured us to the contrary, and defired we would dcflroy both them and their habitations, only fparing their canoes. This requeft feemed extraordinary, but the captain was refolvcd to comply with it in part, left thefe fellows fliould make more head, and become formidable ; and alfo w ith a view of preventing the report from gaining ground in Ulictca, where we intended going, and wc were apprehenlive aflbciations might be formed in like manner, and the people might treat us in the fame way, or worfe, they being more numerous. Capt. Cook and his officers made ready to accompany king Oree in the expedition againft the robbers ; and havine ordered fifty marines with fome failors to be well armed, they landed near the palace of the king, and having required him to condud them according tq his promife, he very readily confcnted, and they all fct out together in very good order. The party incrcafcd at wc proceeded ; and Oedidce told us, that fcveral of the banditti had joined us, with the view of decoying us into a place, where they might attack us to advantage. As we could place no confidence in any other perlon, we took his advice, and proceeded with caution. Wc inarched fevcfal miles, when Capt. Cook declared he would proceed no Cirther ; befidcs, we were informed that the men had fled i- the mountains. At this lime we were about to crofs a deep valley, with fteep rock$ ' 9fl each fide, where our retreat might have been rendered . difficult, by a few men aflaulting us with ftones. Oedidce perfifted in his opinion ; and we marched bjick. in the fafnc order as we came. As wc went aiong> we obicrved fcveral people coming down the iidex of the hills with clubs, which they immediately hid when they ifound wc faw them. Thb WHS fepM CQofinnt- r 3 tion of Ocdidec'* fufpiciuns 1 but we could not pcr- fuade ourfelvcs that the chief had any fuch intention, whatever might be the defigiu of his people. In our return we huted at a convenient place, and wanting fome refreflimenu, they were immediately broiight us. When we arrived at the landing place vie difchaqjcd fcveral volleys, to convince the natives, that we could fiipport a continutd fire ; after which we returned on board, and the chief dined with us ; having brought with him a hog ready drefled. After dinnct wc re- ceived a great number of prefents as peacc-oflcrings. Two chiefs brought each of them a pig, a dog, and fbmc young plantain trees, and with due ceremony prefcntcd them fingjy to the captain^ Another brought a very large hog, with which he had followed us to the fliip. A quantity of fruit was brought us by others { fo that we ^i^ere likely to make more by this little ex- curfion, than by all the prefents we had made them ; and the expedition had one good elFcd at leaft, for the people were convinced that tnufqucts were more terri- ble things than they at firft imagined. We were pro- mifcd a larger fupply of hogs and fruit the next day ; but the chief was not fo good as his word. W? went afliorc in the afternoon, and found him fitting down to dinner. The people about him immediately began chewing the pepper root ; a cup of the juice was pre- fcntcd to Capt. Cook, but he did not like ihc method of brewing it. Oedidce was not fo nice, and immedi- ately fwallowed what the captain refufcji The chief w allied his mouth with cocoa-nut water after he had taken the juice of the pepper root, and ate a large quantity oi plnntain, rcpc, and nnlice, and finiflied his dinner by eating and drinking a compofltion of plantains, bread-fruit, mahee, &c. of the conliftcnce of a cuftard ; of this he took about three pintsj lie dined in the open air, at the outfide of his hoiifc, aiid during dinner time a play was pcrfonnitig within the houfe. On Monday f '-.c jjd, we put to fea. The chief and Capt. C«x>k took an alFcdionate leave of each other. When Orce heard that we never intended coming there any more, he faid, Let your fona come, we will treat them well. Wc did not get a fufticient fupply of hogs at this ifland, though they did not appear to be fcarce; but wc obtained more fruit than we well knew what to do with. Our ftock in trade bcii^ nearly cxhaufted, we found it ncceflTary to fct the fmiths to work, in ma- king diftcreni forts of iron tools, that an influence might be kept up at the other iflands, and to enable us to pro- cure refreflimcnts. On Tuefday the 24th, we anchored in Ulietea, and was vifited by Oreo the chief, who brought with him a handfome prefent. A party of us went afliore to make the chief a prefent. and as we entered his houfe we were met by five old women, who lamented very bit- terly, and cut their faces in a Ihocking manner. This was not the worft part of the ftory, for we were obliged to fubmit to their amiable embraces, and get ouriclves covered with blood. Afur this ceremony was over, they waflied themfclvts, and appeared as chearful as any other perfon. On Friday the 27th, Oreo paid us a vifit, in com- pany with his wife, fon and daughter, and brought with them a very handfome prefent of all kinds of re- frelhments. We accompanied them on fliore after din- ner, and were entertained with a play which con- cluded with the reprcfentation of a woman in labour, performed by a fct of brawny fellows i the child that was brought forth was at Icaft fix feet high. As fooA as the child was delivered, they prcflisl his nofe, which fcemed to indicate that they really ukc thii method with all their children, which occafions tlut flatnefs which their nofes generally have. On the a9th fevcral thing* were flolen out of our boau, which lay at the buoy ; but on application to the chief, we had them all returnol, except an iron tiller, and in lieu of that they brought us two largo hogs. On Monday, the jorii, a party of us fet out for Oedidee's eftatc on the thir- tieth inftant, accompanied by the chief and his family. When wc vriyed there, we found that Oedidce could not '^ECONb VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the JVorld. 1 63 hot command any thing, though he had promifcd us hogs and fruit in abundance ; they were now in poiTcf- fion of his brother. We had here an opportunity of feeing them kill and drefs a pig, which wAadone in the following manner : three men iirft ftraneled the hog ; the hog was laid on his back, tMO men laid adick acrofs hit throat, pretTing at each end, the third man ftuffcd up his fundament with grafs, and held his hind legs. The hog was kept in this pofition for ten. minutes, be- fore he was dead. An oven, which was clofc by, was heated. They laid the hog on the fire as (bon as he was dead, and linged otfhis hair; he was then carried to the fea-fide and waflied. The carcafe was then laid on clean green leaves, that it might be opened. They Ard took out the lard, and laid it on a greeii leaf, the cntrniis were then taken out and carried away in a baf- ket : the blood was put into a.large leaf. The hog was then waihed quite clean, and feveral hot l^bhes wcte put into his body ; it was then placed in the oven on hii belly, the lard and fat were put in a veflel, with two or three hot (loncj, and placed dion'g-lidt the hog; the blood was tied up in it leaf, with a not (lone, and put into the oven ; they covered the whole with leaves, dn which were placed the remainder of the hot ftones; they afterwards threw a great deal of rubbiih in, and covered the whole with icarth. A table was fpi-ead with ercen leaves, while the hog was baking, which took up little more than two hours. We fat down at one end of the table, and thb natives, whb dined with us, at the other; the fat and blood were placed before them, and the hog before us. We thought the pork exceeding good indeed, and evef)' part of it was well done. The natives chiefly dined of the fat and blood, and faid it was very good viduals. The whole of this cookery vas condutttea with remarkable cleanlinefs. This eftatc of Ocdidce Was fmall, but very pleafant i and the houfes formed a pretty village. After we had dined, we re- turned to the (nip. In 0;ur w-a/ ^^ **!* 'o"'' wooden images, each two feet loiig. They ftood on a (hclf, had It Lirge piece of cloth round tne middle, a tiirbin on their heads, ftuck with cocks feathers. They told us thefe were their fervanis gods. On Tuefday the jift, the people hearing that we intended failing, brought abundance of fruit on board, which" continued on the i ft of June. We were inform- ed that two fliips had arrived at Huahieinc. The pcr- fon who brought the information defcribed the perfons of Capt. Fumeauxand Mr. Banks fo well, that we had no doubt of the truth of the alTertion ; we therefore thdught of fending a boat over there, but a man came onboard, and declared the whole to be a lye. We could not confront the fellow who brought the intelli- gence, foi- he was gone away, and the danger offending the boat was put a ftop to. On Saturday the 4tn of June, the chief and his family came on board to take leave, bringing a handfome pre- fcrtt with thcni. Thefe people denied that there were any (hips at Huaheine. We were very much importun- ed to return to this place ; when we told them we could not, their grief was bitter, and we believed it to be real. They defired Capt. Cook to acquaint them with his burial place, and (aid they would be buried with him, A (trong proof of a(fe(ftion and attachment. We ieft Ocdidce here, as we could not promife that more (hip4 would be fent from England to ihofe iflands : he left us with infinite regret. Oedidce did not leave lis till we were Out df the harbour, and (laid to (ire fome guns, it being his MajcHy's birth-daj-. This youth Was of a gentle docile, humane difpofition, and would have been a better fpecimen of the natives than Omiah. ''r fr>«c :»':'()t':9c :«8- CHAP. VI. I^efafturt' of the Re/olutionJhmiHi'etea^neidenis at Savag^e Ijhnd^—hftance'of the fencity of the natives— Defcript ion of tbisijland — Paffagefrom hence to Rotterdam — Remarkable tranf aft ions at this place, and the infolence of the natives — An account of the people iH turtle JJland — Ow calledby the natives Ambrym difcwcred-r-Tranfanions •a.hilehere, and ferocious Mavioulr of the inhabitants— A particular defcripticn of thefe people — The Refolution continues her courfe frmn Port Sandtvich-^PaJfesT'hree-hillandjhepberifs Ijlamls — Steers in a direiiion for Sandwich Ijland, in order to difcover the Southern extremity of the Archipelago — HoJIile iehaviour of the natives of Sandwich Jfte, ami of feveral iflands, particular- ly Tanna, and Erromango — An account of a Volcano — Cbardi^erofParMangagrcatchief—Adefcription of the country, ^Ci — Departure of the Rrfilutionfrom theifland of t anna — The natives defcribed — Arrives at Erromango— The weftem eoafi of the New Hebrides explored— More new iflands difcwered^-Inhabitants and country about Cape Calnctt defcribed — fhe ifland if Pines difcovered, nilban atcount of tbejfe and other trees. (parly; they threw their darts, and appeared very feroci- bus. We difchargcd (bmt mufquetS in the air. but this did riot intimidate them, for they ftill threw darta and ftones. Capt. Cook's mufquet midcd (ire. other- wife he would certainly have killed the ring-leader of them. The men dnlwH upon the tock fired at fome who appeared on the heights, which rather allayed the ardour of Our antagonifts, and wc had an opportunity to join the tnarinest We do not think any of the n»- tives were hurt, but they all retreated into the woods; and feeitig we could make nothing of them, we returned to the fh^. Capt. Cook named this place Savage Ifland, from the condud dnd afpei5l of the iflandcrs; its (itua- tionis fouth latitude 19 deg. i min. weft longitude 169 deg. 37 min. its foiln is circular, and is about 1 1 leagues in circumference. The countty appears entirely cover- ed with trees and (hrubs. Nothing but coral rocks were to be feen along the (hores. The inhabitants do not appear to be very numerous ; they go entirely naked, except round the waift, and feem ftout well made men. Some of them had their thighs, breaft. and faces painted black. We (leered for Rotterdam, and as we drew near it feveral canoes laden with fruit came along-fide of us, but we did not (horten fail. The people on board them wanted us much to go towards thegr coaft, telling us, as well % \ TH E day aftcj' we left Ulictci ive fdw laiidj which proved to be a low ifland difcovered by Capt. Wallis, and called by him Howe Ifland. Wt faw land again on the i6th, which we called Palmerftdn Ifland, in honour of lord Palmcrfton, one of the lords of the Admiralty. On the 20th we difcovered land again, and inhabitanu appearing upon the fliore 1 we equipped two boats, and as wc approached, the inhabitants re- tired into the woods. When we landed, wt took poft on a high rock, to prevent a furprife. and the botani- fing party began colleaing plants, with which the country feemed covered. Capt. Cook took two men with him and entered the woods, but on hearing the inhabitants approach they returned. We made every friendly (Ign in our power, but were anfwered by menaces ; and one of the natives threw a ftone, which ftfuck one of our party. Two mufquets were fired mdifcnminately, and they all retreated into the wtMds. Having embarked, we proceeded along the coaft till wc came to a place where four canoes lay. In order to prevent being furprifed, and to fecure a retreat, the men were drawn up upon a rock. Awn whence they had a view of the heights. Capt. Cook and only four genderoen with him went to look at the canoes. Veiy toon after the natives ruihed out of the wood upon us, and wc endeavoured to no purpofe to bring them to a 1 " « B; ):■ well af they wtre able, wc midit fafely anchor there. They enquutd for Capt. Cook by name. Wc came to anchor on the north-fide of the ifland on the a6th il^nt. The inhabitants brought to us great quanti- tk* of yatitsand haddocks, for which wc gave them old rags anid nails. A party of us went afiiore to look for water, and wert civilly "received by the natives. We got fome water, but it was rather brackifli. We got a plentiful fupply of fruit and oats, as well as water, but happened to leave the furgcon on (hore. He got a canoe to bl'inghim off; but jud as he was getting into it, 6nc of the natives fnatchcd away his mufquet and ran oif with it, after which no pcrlen would bring him on board. He ccruinly would have been ftripped, had he not prefcnted a tooth-pick cafe to them, which they took for a little gun. Wncn Capf. Cook heard of this tranfatfbion, he went alhore ; but the natives fled at his approach. We did wrong in not taking any (leps for the recovery of the gun, as it encouraged the in- habiunts to make more depredations. A boat was fcntafhore on the 28 th for (omc water, when the peo- ple behaved in a rude and daring manner : it was with difficulty they got their water-calks filled, and into the boats again. The lieutenant who commanded this party had his gun fnatchcd from him, and molt of the people had fomcthing or other taken away from them. This was the eiTcct of ill timed lenity. Capt. Cook landed foon after, and refolved to have the gun redored. All the marines were onlcicd afhorc armed. As the botanifing party were in the country, three guns were fired from the (hip to alarm them, as wc dicTnot know how the natives might behave to them. The natives knew well enough what we mtended, and brought the muPiuct lone oefore the marines got afhore. When the lieutenant andihe marines arrived, they all fled; Capt. Cook feized two double canoes in the cove, and threw a few fmall (hot into a fellow's legs, who made feme rcfiflanc^. Wc very foon obtained the other mufquet, and thenj^thc canoes were reftored. When wc returned to thcMve, the people wanted to perfuade Mi that the man Caj)*. Cook fired at was dead, which Mc thought very iHiprobablc. Capt. Cook defired a nun to rcdore a cooper's adze which had been (lolcn that morning, and he went away, as we thought, to fetch it ; but we were miftaken, for he foon returned with the wounded man (Iretched out on a board apparently dead. The furgeon was fent to drefs his wounds, which in his opinion were but flight, and of no confc- qiicncc. Capt. Cook fliH infifleaupon the adze, uid with a great deal of difliculty obtained it. An old woman prefented a young girl to Capt. Cook, giving liim to undcrftand that flie was at his fervice. The girl was artful enough, and wanted tobaigain for a fhirt and a fpikc nail, neither of which the captain had with him. He was then given to underftand that he might retire with her upon credit, which he refilled. The old procurcfs then abufed him, faying he was infcnfibfetoher charms; the girl was very pretty, and wanted to go aboard a fliip with the capuin ; but he would not taxe her, as he had given orders nn women (hould be skU initted thcrp. On the 29th Me failed, and a great many canoes cune up with us, loaded with fruit. Sec. which were exchang- ed for the ufual commodities. The paflion of our pe»ple forcuriofities was at f;reat as ever, and they were tlripped of moll of the cWhes the ladies ofOtaheite had (etc them. We llretched out for Amattafoa on the 30th, and fcvcral canoes came to us from all pans with the cominun articles 1 out of one of them we got two pigs, which in this part of the world are a fcarce (Commodity. v On Friday the iirfl of July «%difcovefcd land, the matter ami the boat were fent inlo the found to find. . anchorage, four or five people weie^^ifcovered on the fhore. who retreated as the boat aig^Mced, and they a4i tied to the wooils \Chen the boat landed. The muter returned, and brought word there were rte fotNidiog* without the reef; that he rowed in for the (hore, incoid- ing to fpcak to the (icople, who were about twenty in number, armed with clubs and fpears s but they all returned into the woods on his approach. He left fome trifles upon the rocks, which they certiinly found, foiT feveral people were fecn at the place Toon afterwards. The number of inhabiunu an tint ifland Are fuppofed to Ik very few, and it is very probable that the few -who are there only came to catch turtlu, of which there aiiB a great number here. This ifland is fituaecd S. latitude 19 deg. 48 min. W* longitude 178 deg. 3 min. W« , called it Turtle Ifland. ; •? After a good deal of ftormy weather we favi^ an ifland. called by the natives Ambrym, on the a in of July. We difcovered a creek as we drew nearer ^t^ ihore, which had the ajwicanincc of a good harbouftV many people were affcmbled, who invited us on (hor<^\ but. we did not chufe to go, as they were armed with ; bows and arrows. ^We fent out two armed boautc dif* ^*> cover a port about a league more to the fouth, where > we anchored in #cvcn ftuioms water. Seven) of the natives came m. to us, but aSed with great cautinfi ; at la(t they trufted diemielves aloagfide, uid exchan^ arrows forpiccesef cloth. The arrows were pointed with bone, and dipped in a green gumimr fiibltance, which we imagined to be poifonous. IVqcWb were made to two ftien who ventured on board, a^ others came at night for the Suae puipof^ Jb*^ dik WM^aot ad.> mitted. On the 32nd, in the nor round usi fome fwam, WlL^^^ We prevailed on one man wlwHSBodmittilty to come on board, and he waa&llowcdby more than wc «rKhed. Various articles were given to four of chcm, whtch^Mf" taken into the cabin ; thetc they (hewed toothen i#tli canoes, who were vtry-well pWed with their recep- tion. We were all put in coniiifion by an accident which hi^pcned while thefe were in the cabin. One of the natives who had been refofed admittance int« one of our boats bent his bow at the boat-keeper, to (hoot a poifoned arrow at him; he was. prevented by feme of his countrymen, and Capt. Cook was ad- quainted with it. Capt. Cook went on deck, and faw . a man Itrumling with him, who had leaped out of the' cabin wiraow for this purpofe. The fdfow again pointed hb arrow at the boat-keeper ( and on Capt. Cook's calling out, he pointed the arrow tf the Capt tain, who ininntiy fired a mufquet at hiio. This ftng- gercd him for a little v^ile, but he again pointed his arrow t a fecond (hot oUised lum to defifL Several began to flioot arrows on me other fide ; but they were all fent off in the utmorft confofion, by a four pound fliot being difchatged over their heads. They all to a man ka^xd overboard. We peimittcd them to come and take away their canoes, and fome again came along- fiide the (hip. We heard the beating of drums on (hore as foon as the four pounder was fired, which wc took for the fignal for the country ro alTcmble under arms. However, wc determined to go on (hore' and feck for wood and fome refivfiunentt, which we wen very much in wane irf*. We landed in the bee (^ five hundred men. arsKd with bowS) arrows, -fytun, and clubs, but they made no omsofitien. Oipi. €obk advanced akme, with no- thing but a toten branch in lus hand i on (ceing this, a peAfon wholeetned to be a chid" gave his bow and ar- rows to anotfter. and. came to meet him in the water, took the capuin by the hand, and led him up to the crowd. "The marines were at this time drawn up on the beach. Capt. O>ok diitributed feveral prefenu among them. We made figns that wc wanted wood, for not one word of their language could we under- (hind. and in return they made figns for us to <5ut down the trees. They biwight a fmal| pig for « peace offer- ing, and welbtttmdoutfelveswidh.thehqxs.of pro- c^«g more, but thefc were vain and delufivrt for we «Hy got a fmall quantity of waier. and about half a t doKn cacoa-out*. They parted fieely with their ar- rows, but we OBuW not psirehafc of them a^ bowa without agieat deatof difficulty. Theyi n o o 7:. > o ^ ^ 5 ^ ^l &q > ii^ ifi »,'■ n o o 7^ > O r m is ■ t^^j-awS*^ niHMffll Hnfl r I If i* *%* ti [my Ui] If'.lf.'-'.? Jl l.»4 '"f • *> 8' .irjSfJfl 'j^ 'Ill- fi ■ I M vt^ "•f .i> ■\%. '^.. V V -"iiV. m'} 4 ..*v> \ ••if ^^. cook's second voyage— for making Difcvutriet tn the South Stat 6c Round the World. i6< evening wc did not chufc to proceed any furtlur, but Hood off and on all night, when the llirt roic next morning it difuppcarcJ, and wc fuw not any iaiul b(it the coart wc were near. On the _3(i, we fi u a boat on fhore to get fome wood if pofllblc, being nvuh in >yant of that Reticle % but our pciiplc Could nui land on ac- (.ount of a high furf oi the (eat and they faw not any natives on that part of the ille. Having anchonxl in fcventecn fathoim water, under the N. W. fide of the head of the land, we faw feveral people on tiie Ihorc, fome endeavouring to Avim off to \x%\ but they all rc« tired when they perceived our boat approach toward* ihetn. On the 1 4th, a partv went out armed to find a a proper landing place, ana where wc might gain a fupply of wood and w atcr. We gave the mhabitants fome medals, &c. with which they appeared much plcafed,* and direded us to a bay fit for our purpofc. Ai we went along the fliorc their numbers incrcafcd prodigioufly. We tried feveral places to land, but did n«)t approve of their (ituation. At length wc caine to a fine landy beach, where Capt. Cook ftepped out with- out wetting his foot. He took but one man with him piit of the boat, and landed in the face of a large num- ber of people, having only a green branch in his b.ind. The innabitants received him with great jwlitcncfs. One of them, who appeared to be a chief) made the natives form a femicircle round the head of the boat, and chaftifed fuch as attempted to prevent it. The captain gave this pcrfon feveral articles, and by figns fignified his want of frefli waters upon which a little was prcfently prefented to him in a bamboo, and having made figns for fomcthhig to eat, they brought him yams and cocoa-nuts. Their behaviour was in every rcfpctt agiecable, yet we did not much like their ap- pearance, as they were all armed with bows, arrows, clubs, fpcars, and darts. On this account we kept a good ly, b-jt femcwhat woolly. The women were not very invitim, being father uglv. They wear a penicoat made ofa plant like pahn leaves ; and the men go in a manner tuked, having only a belt and wrapper round their waift. They Nve m houfes covered with thatch, and their plantations are hid out by line, and fenced round. Wc faw no canoes in any part of the ifland. On Thurfilay the 4th of ^ ugull, at two o'clock P. M . we cleared the bay, and ftcered for the fouth end of the Kland. Wc dircovcKd on the S. W. fidie of the head a pretty deep bays its (horcs low, and the hnd appeared very fertile, but being expofcd to the S. £. winds, until better known, wc thmk that on the N. W. fide prefcraMe. The promontory or pcmnfula, which dif- joins thcfe two bays we named Traitor's Head, fcnrn the treacherous behaviour of its inhabitants ; it forms the N. E. point of the ifland, and is fituatcd in the lati^ tude of iS d<^. 43 min. S. and in 169 dec. 38 min. E. longitude. It tenninates in a faddle hill, which may be Icen 16 or i ft leagues otVat fca. We continued our courfe to the S. S. K. when the new ifland we had be- fore difoowercd, appeared over the S. E. point of one near us, diltant abmic ro les^ues. Leaving the tal>, we fteercdfoe the eaA end of the former, being directed by a great light we fiiw upon it. On the 5th, at fun rife we came in fight of an ifland, being high table land, bearing E. by S. and aNb difcovered another little low ifle which wc had pafifcd in the night. Traitor's Head was (till in (ight, and the ifland to the S. extended from S. 7 deg. W. to & (7 deg. W. diflant four miles. The light feen in the night wc now found toha\-cbeen a volcano. A rumbtiw noife was heard» and it threw up great quantities of moke and (ire. We now (Peered for the iflaind ; aii^ dircovcied a fmaU inlet which had the appearance ofa good harbour. Two armed boatH under the command of Lieut. Cooper, wercfent off in order to found, while the (hip Aood on and ufF. to be ready to follow or to afford any afllftancc that might be Suited. We obferved a number of the natives on the [ point of the entrance, alfofeveral canoes; and when our boata eiuxred the harbour they launched fomc, but came not near. At this time Lieut. Cooper made the fignal fiw anchorage, and wc ftooil in with the (hip. The wind having left us when wc were widtin the entrance, we were (bilged to drop anchw, in fourfinhoms water. The boata were now fcnt out to findabetter anchon^ ; and while we were thus empknred, many of the natives came in parties to the fea^fideaU annied, (ome fwam off to ux, odiers came in cumxw At firft they feemed afraid of ut, and kept at a diftance, but bv degrees waxed bolder, and at length came under our ftcm, and made fomc excnangea. Thofe in one of the firft canoca thiew towards us ^ne cocoa-mitt. .The captain went out in ]i boar, picked them up, and in retom fjKvt them ieveral articles. Others were induced by thu to come along-fide, who bdnved in a moft infolent manner. They axtanpted to tear our flag fiom the ftaiT, would have knockra the rings from the rudder, and we had no fooner thrown out the buoys of the anchor i)-om the boMs than they ||at hold ef them. We fired a fhr mniqueta in the air. of which they took no notice, bm a four pnuMicr akrmcdthetn (6 much, tfiat they quitted dieircanM%aiidtooktethti«iter. But flmling them, fdvea unhurt, ritey got again into thrir caileaa, SmMh* ed thrir weapon^ halfiiwtd in itfUnrt, and wmi again tn the bum, but a few nwrquctoon (hot foondii; pcrTed them. They all ittiitd In hafte w the (hon, and we At down 10 dinner, unmoieftcd. Irt the inteiu vai of thoTe tranliiaiomk ■» old man, who Ceemcd to be amicably difpd'cd, came feveral times, in a fmall canop between us and the (here, bringing olf each time coco«.> ™"* S?^ y.*"^ ** '^^^'^^ ••* ••** in exchange whatevw *eoltered him. Another was in the fingway when the great gim was lired, after which we could not prevail on him to (hiy. In the evening we landed at the head of the harbour, with a fxrty ofniert weH armed. The natives made not the teaft oppofition. though we had one bedy on oar right, and anodier en our left, all arvned. We diftributed among the old people foine prefeata of cloth and medals, and filled two caflcs with frelh water, an article we gave them to underfland we much wanted. We sot in return plenty of cocoa>niits,i bat could not pievail on them to pan with their w - pons, which they held conftantly in a pollure of de- fence. The old man was in one of theie parties, but bv his behaviour, we judged his temper R> be pacilk*. We thought, by their prening fo much, in fpite of all our endeavours to keep them at a diflance, that little would be wanting to induce them to atuck us; but we rc^mbarked very fooo, and thus, probably, their fchcme was diicoiKerted. Saturday the 6th, we brought the (hip as near the' landing place as poffible, that we might overawe the natives, and cover the party on ftioK, who were td get a fupply of wood and water, which we much wanted.' While we were ujM>n thia bufinefe, we Obferved the na- tivcs alTembling from alt parts, all armed, to the amount of fomc thourands, who formed themfetvea into two divifionji, as they did the preceding evening, on each Me the landing place. At intervals a canue came ofT, at times conducted by one, two or three men, bringing us cocoa-nuts, &c. for which they did not require anf thing in return, though we took care they (hould alwaya have fomething : but their principal intention feemed to be, to invite us afhore. The old man before men. tioned. came off to u» feveral times, and the captain with a view of making him underftand, thar he wanted to e(labli(h a friendly intereourfe, tuck his weapons that were in the canoe, and threw them overboard, and made him a prefent of a piece of cloth. He undcr- fteod the meaning of this, for we faw him frequently in cenverfittion with his countnmen, to whom ne niide our requeft known, going firft to one party, then to anodier, nor did we afterwards fee him with hia weapons, or in a warlike manner. Soon after a canoe^ in which were three men, came under our ftem, one of whom behaved very outrageoufly» bvandUhing his clut^ and ftrikingwith it the Slip's udc 1 at taft he offered to exchange his weapon for a (bring of beads, and other trifleit thde we teia down to him by a line, of which he had no(bottrrotpo(1e(rieo, than he made off, with.i out delivering his club. Wc were not forry for thi% as it aflbrded us an opportunity of fliewing the pc«>le on (hore the effeift of our fire arms. We thererore ' without heiitatiop, complimented this fellow with th^ contents of a fowling puce, loaded with fmall (hor» and when the others w mand die whole haibeur, itnd then embs^rkcd wit^ a party of feament fig>poited l^ the marinct, and towed to the landing pUce, where we have before obferved the natives were drawn up in two divifions. The in- termediate fpace between them was about 40 yards, ii\ whicbi 5Z{ O o o I *- 1 * i i 1 .'*.,■' 1 is!'!; ^ "' ^' '• f' 1 ■■ * •ii* t "" 1 ^BtV^lPi m^ i'i lr .•1^ :; ; , IS- *}-• (.•'■. 4-- '; •'b -•'•^*!^ ^:^''x •T... « „<-n "^ >S > I > I ^••4 '<#« •iti il -rti=i« ■^■4 ^t« hM It,,''' ■If JUk->. ■» .^. •■ 1 >■ 1^ ^i -f ■>. V- ^■'l^. ■ft •^ii'i^:; ^ri;»r!^, ^JiPis: :f& I i ;^i^ 'ii..^ A^ r,/ ■^i ■•-1" ■■^... :■£««?•!; i^'liTfti;,*.-,,: »■ \ I «?( 7l«» ttUMiMI! t lClWMj t ^i ■ •>lf. ^> JWr»j) «i«'x.; T:.i«..^<.'« '>.''>fb'>cM':«#i COOK'a SECON D VOYAGE—for making Di/coiien'es In the Soutl Seas & Round the ff^or/J. 1 67 •f- ■ ■r^-, f .')- <'«M':4r«i which were Uili a few jrfanuini, t*o br three roow, ind a yam. Between thefe and the water, four fimll ivedi were (hick upri^t iit the Tand, in a line at right angles to the Oiore, tot whatpiarpofc wtcbuld not learn. Thejr renuined here for fome dayt. By thefe th^old tnan ftdod, and two companicMt, whb l^ various ugns invited us to bknd, but we thought thefe a decoy, and looked fomethiiv like the tt*p wetekd liken> have been caught in «t. the laft iilattd. We ntade figns for }M divifions to retire back, but to thefe they paid not ■the leaft rqasird, their number everv moment wu aug- iMnted, and, ettqx two or three dd men, not one un- armed. From all thefe circumftances we concluded they meant to attack ui u foon u we landed; but this we wiihed to avoid, as many of them muft have been killed or wounded, and w^ could not expeft to come f^ff without fome damage. We thought it therefore better to frighten them into a more peaceable beha- viour, and therefore a mufquet was firra over the party on our right, which for about a minute had the defired effedl, but they foon returned to their daring behaviour. The (hip'was then ordered, by fignal, to fire two or threeereat guns, which prcfcntly difperfcd them. We immraiately landed, and marlccd out the limits on the ri|^rand left, by a line. Our old friend, who flood his grbund, we rewarded ^ith a prefent. Some of the hitives retuhied, with a more friendly afped. Many Came without their weapons, but the greatefl part with them. We made figns thai they ihould lay them down, and they gave us to underfland, that we mud lay down burs f\tn. Thus both iidcs flood under arms, and the prcfcots we made to the old people had little influence bn their tondu ftand to our arms. Mr. Edge tmbe. one of the lieurenants who commanded the jarty, fired, and wounded a man with a fwan-ftiot, after which the others behaved better, and when our people embarked they all retired in a peaceable manner. While we were at dinner an old man came on board, and after havine examined ftveral pom of the fliip, returned to his tmnta on Oiow. ^e were now on a tolerable footinir with fuchof the natives wholived in the neighbourhooJr who only made their appearance, fo that a fenreant'i guard was thought fuflicient for the piotcdtion of the wood and water parties. Some of our people had left an ax on the beach or iii the woods< which Paowan^ returned to us ; alfo a few othcir articles which had been loft through negligence; The natives inVited fome of our people to gb home with them, on condition that they would (trip themfclves naked as they were; a proof of their not harbouring a deflgrt Of robbing themi whatever other they roighf have. On the 8ch, early in the morning, the launch was (eilt under the protoaioit of a party of nMrines in artothft boat, to tstke ih wood, water, and ballaft, when the nsktives Ibemcd ptvtty well reconciled to us. On the 9th, our people were cm-; ployed about the fame bufinefs, and Capt. drnVi was received very courteoufly by the natives, thoi^ armed, irifomuch that there was no loneer any ocdtfion to mark out the limits by a tine, feeing they obferved them with- out this precaution. He prevailed on a young man, named Wha-a^gou to accompany him on board, but nothing in the fliip feemed to en^ge his attention. The gOats, dogs, and cats, he called by the lame namei which in his language (ignifies hogs. He feemed more fond of a dog and bitch than of any other ani- mals, and wc prefentcd him with one of each. He fut down to dinner with us, but would only jull tafle our fait pork ; however he eat pretty heartily of yam, and drank a glafs of wine. Some of this young man's friends were probably doubtful of his fafcty, and there- fore follov/ed him ina canbcbut on his fpeakingto them out of the cabin window, they went on (hore, and foon rctumed with a cock, fome cocoa-nuts, and a fugar cane. After dinner he was conduced a(horc loaded with prefents. Upon landings fome of his friends took Capt. Cook by the hand, and, as Wc underftood, would have led him to their habitations, but on the way, they made a fudden flop, and were unwilling he (hould proceed. The captain was defired to iit down. Du- ring this interval fcveral of our geiitlcmen pafTcd us, at which ihcy expreflld great uneafincfs, and impor- tuned the captain fo much to order them back, that he was obliged to comply. Indeed they were not only- jealous of our going up the country, but even along the fliorc of the harbour, \^'hi!e we were waiting here, our friend Paowang brought us a prefent of fruit and roots^ by a party of 20 men, though they might all have been carried by two ; perhaps this might be done with the view of making the prefent appear the greatcf; for one had a bunch of plantains, another a yam, a third a cocoa nut, &c. The captain paid thefe porters, though the prefent was in return for one he had made in the morning. Wha-a-gou and his friends were ftiil for detaining us, and feemed to wait with impatience for fomething to give us in return for the dogs, but niglit approaching, we defired to depart ; and they coftipfied with our folicitations. We now learnt, by means of Mr. Forfler's enquiriei, that the proper name of this ifland is Tanna. The natives alfo told us the names of other neighbouring ifles. I'hat we touched at laft is called Erromaneo ; the fmall one which we faw tht morning we landed here, Immer; the table ifland tb the eaft, difcovered at the fame time, Erronan, or Footbona : and one that lies to the S. £. Annattom ; all which iflands are to be feen from Tanna. It is a little re- markable, that the natives of this ifland were more fcrupulous in taking any thing from the ft.ilors, than thole of any other nation, and never would touch with their bare hands what was given them, but always r6& ceived it between green leaves, which they dfterwards tied up and carried upon the ends of their clubs ; lind if any of our feamen touched their (kin, they always rubbed the part with a green leaf. When thefe peo- ple make a wonder at any thing, they cry Hebow, and fluke their right-hands. They wear bracelets, tike as the Indians of Venemous Bay, in which they (lick their hair pricker, and fikewife their flings, with which they throw their javelinai;«nd it is aflonifHMig with what dexterity and force foim ivf them will hit a mark. One of them, in the prefencc of the firft lieutenant, fliot a fifli as it fwam along in the fea, at the di(iance of 26 yards, with a bow and .nrrow, which gfli the lieutenant carried on board with the arrow flicking in his body it' as a proof of what he had fccn performed. But not- withlianding their delicacy and (kill as markfmcn, they ;;avtus toundcrftand that they cat one another; and one day when the inhabitants about the bay had marched forth anned, on an expedition, to a didant part of the ifland, thofe that remained invited us to feait upon a man whom they had barbiqucd, which invitation our gentlemen rcfufed with the utmoft dif- gud. It has &en faid,' that no nation could be can- nibals, had they other flefh bcfidcs human to eat, or did not want food ; but we cannot afcribc thefavage cudom .of thefc people to neceflity, fince the ifland abounds with plenty of hogs, fowls, vegetables, and fruit. While fome of our people were employed in fcaiehing for ballad, they difcovered water illuing from the crevices of a rock, hot enough to draw tea; which cir- cumdance led to the dtfcovcry of fome hot fprings, at the foot of the diff, below high-water mark. In one place the waters were fo hot, that there was no bearing the finger in them: in another they were juft hot enough to bear to plunge the w hole body, but not re- main long therein. Two of the fliip's company, who had been troubled with rheumatic complaints, at times, throughout the voyage, went accompanied with the furgcon, tooneofthcie fprings, but found the flones fo hot that they could not Hand upon them, without firll plunging in fome of their cold garments, to keep the Iblcs of their feet from touching them j but the effect of thefc waters was found to be only a temporary re- lief. On Wednefday the loth, Mr. Wales, accompanied by fome of the officers, proceeded for the firrt time into the country, and met wirh civil treatment from the natives. They faw in the courfc of this and another excurfion, fevetal fine plantations of plantains, fugar- . canes, Sec. and by this time, the natives in our neigh- bourhood, appeared (b well reconciled to us, that they expreflcd no marks of difplcafure at our rambling (hooting parties. But after we had been feveral days taking in wood and water, they began again to be troublefome, watching every opportunity to level their arrows at the guard, and fccmcu to be red rained only by the fear of their mufqucts from proceeding to ex- tremity. It is more than probable, however, that an act of violence on the part of our men, might, by a wanton ufe of their fire-arms, have caufcd their refent- ijicnt ; for in the afternoon of this day, a few boys, having thrown two or three ftones at the wood-cutters, ihcy were fired at by the petty ofliccrs prefent on duty. Haying occalion for fome large timber to repair the decays of the Ihip, orders had been given a few days before, to cut down a tree of vaft growth; and for the convenience of getting it aboard, to faw it into three pieces. This tree fo divided, the natives eyed with pleafure, not fufpedling our men intended to carry it off, but to leave it in compliment to them, as it fuited cxaiitly their ideasof conrfruding juft double the num- ber of canoes. To the cutting down and fawing the trees the natives made no oppofition; but when they faw the failors employed in mlling down the body of the tree to the water's edge, they could not help look- ing furly; and one of them, probably more interefted than the reft, was frequently feen to offer his fpcar at the labourers, but was refti-ained for fear of the guard: at length he watched his opportunity, and, ftarting from behind a bufti, was levelling an arrow at the commanding officer, w hen he was dilcovered, and ftiot dead. The ball tore his arm to pieces, and en- tered > 'S fide. His companions inftantly carried off the body, and laid it in the wood, where the ftiip's fur- gcon went to examine it, but found the man totally deprived of life. Capt. Cook was much difplcafcd with the condud of thefe officers, and took meaiiires to prevent a wanton ufe of fire-arms for the future. The Ihip's company were now permitted to go aftiorc only by turns, for the prefervation of their health; and the captain knowing the natives wanted nothing fo much as an opportunity to revenge the death of their com- panions, ftriitly enjoined them never to walk alone ; nor toftray moce than too yards from the guard. On Thurfday the nth, during the night, the vol- cano was very troublefome, and threw put great quan- tities of fire and fmokc, with a moft tremendous noifc » and fometimes wc faw great ftones thrown into ths air. In feveral parts of the harbour, places were found from whence a fulphurous fmell iffucd, and the ground about thefe was very hot. Mr. Forftcr and his bo- tanizing party, on one ilde of the harbour, fell in with our friend Paowang's houfe. Moft of the articles h« had received from us were feen hanging about the buflies and trees near hit dwelling. On the 12th, th« volcano was more furious than ever, and wc were much molefted with the afhes. Some of our gentle- men attempted to afcend a hill at fome diftance, wit|i an intent of obferving the volcano more diftindtly j but they were obliged to retreat .precipitately, the ground under them being fo hot, that they might as well have walked over an oven : the fmell too ot the air was in- tolerably fulphurous, which was occafioned by a fmoKe that iffued from the fiflures of the earth; yet in this fmokc the natives feck a remedy for cutaneous dil^ orders. Mr. Forfter obcfcrving a man holding a child over the fmoke, had the curiofity to enquire the reafon, who made him underftand, by (liewing the child's eruptions, that it was troubled with the itcn. The rain that fell this day was a mixture of water, fand, and earth; fo that wc had, properly fpeaking, ftiowcrs of mire. The natives pretended to be unwilling, that wc (hould this day go far up the country by ourfclves, and offered their fcrvices to conduft us to the mouth of the volcano. Wc readily accepted their offer, but inftead of {hewing us the way to the place, we found our- fclves near the harbour before we difcovered the trick. On Saturday the 1 3th, Paow ang came on board to dine with us. We took this opportunity of (hewing him every part of the ftiip, and a variety of trading articles, hoping he might fee fomcthing that he liked, and fo a traflu: be carried on w ith the natives for re- freftiments, of which what wc had hitherto obtained were very trifling. But Paowang beheld every thing with the greateft indifference, except a wooden fand- box, of which he took fome notice. On the 14th, a party of us endeavoured to get a nearer view of the volcana, and took our rout by the way of one of thofe hot places already mcntioiKd. In the way we dug a hole, into which was put a thermometer of Fahrenheit's conftruction. The mercur)- rofc to 100 degrees; but the inftrumcnt remained in the hole near three mi- nutes without its rifing or falling. At this place the earth was a kind of white clay, and had a fulphurou* fmell. It was foft and moift under the furface, over which was a thin dry cmft, having upon it fome ful- phur, and a vitriolic fubftance, talhng like alum. The place affected moft by the heat, and w here we made the experiment, was not above eight or ten yards fquare. Near this was a fig-tree which fcemed to like its litiiation. We proceeded up the hill through a country entirely covered with plants, (hrubs, and trees, infomuch that the bread-fruit, and cocoa-nut trees, were in a manner choaked up. Here and there we met with a few people, a houfe or two and fome plan- tations in different ftfltes ; one appearing ollong ftand- ing; another lately cleared ; and feveral ju*^ ready lor planting. The clearing a piece of ground nuift be a work ot much time and labour, feeing their working tools, though the fame as thofe ufcd in the Society Ifles, are inferior to themj neverihelcfs their method is judicious, and as expeditious as well can be. They dig under the roots of the large trees, and there bum the branches, plants, and fiiiail riirubs. In fome parts, the foil is a rich black mould ; in others a kind of com- poft formed of decayed vegetables and the aflies of the volcano. We now came to a plantation where w^c faw a man at work, who offered to be our guide. We had not walked far before we came to the junction ot two roads, in one of which ftood a man with a fling and ftonc, which he would not lay dov.n till a mufquct was pointed at him; he fecmed, however, determined to difputc the road with us, and partly gained his point. OOK's SECOND V'U V AGE — for making Difcoveries in the South Seas & Round the World. 1 69 point, for our gwiSe W ui another way>' The other man foU knredi hallooing, ai we fuppofed, for arcinforccment, and, indeed, we were prefcntly joined by others of tht natives, among whom was a young woman with a club in herhairf. Thtfc people conduded us to the brow <>f a hill, *nd pointed to a road leading down to the )utb(mr. ' But riot chboflhg to take this, we returned ny that we had left, ind here our guide refufed to go *af fkrther with us. Having afcendcd another ridge. We Jaw other hills between us and the volcano, which itemed as far ofFas at our firft fetting out. We therc- Ibre'refolved to return, and juft as we were about fo dmnd laid !ii* arrow acrofs his bow, fo that he apprehended him- elf in danger ; but this had been frequently done, out of a bravado, to ihew they were armed, and prepared equally with ourfelves. Capt. Cook was highly exaf- perated at this rafcal's rafli condwfl ; and moft of the people flrd with the utmofl precipitation. As they ran off, we obferved one man to fall ; and the capuin went with the fuiveon, who was fcnt for to the man, whom they fiMind expiring. His left arm was much (hatttred, and from hence the ball had entered his body 'by the (hort ribs, one of which was broken. What Tendercd-thissincident the more aifedling was, that the man who bent the bow was not fliot, but one who Rood by him. The natives were thrown into fuch conftcr- nation, that they brought abundance of fruit, which they laid down at our feet. They all retired when we returned aboard to dinner, and only a few appeared in the afternoon, among whom were Paowang, and Wha-a-gou. On Saturday, the aoth, the wind was favourable for vetting out of the harbour ; for during the nieht it had veered round to the S. E. At four o'clock A. M. we therefore began to unmoor, and, having weighed our anchor, put to fea. As we failed we heard a noife, not unlike plalm filling. It was now too late to en- ouirc imo the cauic ; probably the natives were per- forming fome religious aifls. We thought that the ead point of the harbour was facrcd to relieion, for fome of our people had attempted to ^ to inis point, and were prevented by th6 natives. They were always jea- lous of our proceeding into the country b^ond certain limits: they might be apprchcnfivc of an invafion, and that we meant to take their country from them. All we can fay is, that no part of our condud juflified fuch a concluiion. We never gave them the Icall mo- Icltation ; nor did we touch any part of their property, not even their wood and water, without having fim ob- tained their confcnt. Even the cocoa-nuu hangiiu; over the heads of the workmen, were u fafc as thote in the middle of the ifland. We caught a laige quan- tity of filh, and were tolerably well fupplicd by the na- tives with fruit and roots t and (hould ceruiol^ have obtained more refreihments, had we had any thing on board that fuited their tafte. Our cloth was of no ufe to thofc who go naked, and they had not any know- ledge of the utility of iron. Inough the people of this ifland, after fi:cling the efiedls of the European fire arms, were peaceable, thev were not in goieral friendly t nor were they like the Indians in the Society Iflcs, fond of iron : they wilhed for fome of the tooli with which they faw our icamen cut down wood ; but, except an adte or two, they never attempted to ftcal any thing. The cdopers Icn their caflu during the night un- guarded t nor were they under any apprchcnti*ns about their cloaths, which they fullered to lie cartlefly here and there while they were at work. Thifc people dif^ covered none of that difpofition to thievery which it has been faid every Indian inheriu naturally. In their courfe of trade, they totally difrrgarded beads and baubles, and feemed to prefer Rotterdam fifli hooks, and turtle-flicll, to every thing elfe that wu oiEettd them. They would not permit the failors to have any communication with their wives ; no.- ^ere they eafily perfuaded to part with their arms on any account. The produce of the ifland they freely parted with, not re- Suiring any thing in return t but on whatever was be- owed labour in the conflrudion, they fct a high value. This ifland of Tanna jproduces abundance of plan- ains, cocoa-nuts, bread fruit, yams, a kind of potatoe, a fmit like a n^dbirine, wild figs, fusar-canc, and ai fruit not unlike an orange, but wliich is never eaten. The bread fruit, cocoa-nuts, and plantains, are neither fo plentiful, nor fo good, as at Ocaheite i but fugar- canes and yams are of fupcrior quality, and much laiccr. We faw here a few fouls, and a great number of nogs, but the latter did not fall to our lot ; and we did not fee in all our cxcurfions any other domvftic animals. We met with fome fmall birds, with a muft beautiful plunuye, which we had never feen before. Our botanifls found many curious plants and trees ; as treat a variety as at any iflaiK) v e had viiiicd. The in- abiuntt appear to rublift chicfljr on the productions of the land, and ate not much indebted to the fea, though there are plentv of iifli on the coafl. We never found any filhing tackle among them, nor faw any one out a fiflung. except on the Ihoals, or along the liiorea of the harbour, where they would ftrike with a dart fuch fifh as came within their reach, and in this art they were very expert. They were furprizcd at our method of catching fifh with the feine, and, we be- lieve were not well plcafed with our fuccefs. The fmall ifle of Immer was chiefly inhabited by fifhermen, and the canoes we faw pafs to and fiom the ifle, and the call point of the harbour, we obferved were fifhing ca- noes. Thefe were of unequal lizes, and compofed of feveral pieces of wood clumflly fewcd together. The joints are covered on the outflde by a thin batten cham- ?;red off at the edges, over which the bandages pafs. he fail is lattcen, extended to a yard and boom,, and hoifted to a fliort maft. Some of the large canoes have two fails, and all of them out-riggers. They are navi- gated either by paddles or fails. Thefe people have litte refemblance or affinity to thofe of the Fwendly Iflands, and thofe of Mallicollo, except in their hair, which is much like what the people of the latter ifland have. The colours arc black and brown, growing to a tolerable length and curly. They part It into Unall locks, which they cue round with the rind of a flender plant, down to about an inch of the ends. Each of thefe locks is fomew hat thicker than the com- mon whip-cord { and they appear like a parcel of fmall ftrings hanging down from the crowns of their heads. Their beards are generally fliort, flrong and bufhy. The women wcartheir hair cropped, as do the boys, till xhef approach manhood. We took fome pains todifcoverhow far their geogra- phical knowledge extended, and found it not to ex* ceed the limits of their horizon. To Erronan we maf afcribe one of the two languages they fpeak, which i# nearly, if not exadUy, the fame as th; c fpoke at the Friendly Iflands. It it thercforcfore probable, that by a long intercourfe with Tanna, and the other neigk* bouring iflands, each hath learnt the others language which they fpeak indifcriminately. The other language which the people 01 Tanna, Erromaiiffo, and Aniutom fpeak, is properly their own. It ia different from any we had before met with, and bearv no affinity to that ' />^,V -<* .-y i*!:^ ;f?f; ^t' .<' A.' ^'i. M /■ N X' ♦ ^••* •«•■>' ov'arwv luM****' • -*A* cook's second voyage— for making Z)i«'«*r/w in the SoutbSeas & Round the IVorld. 171 made, and of the middle free. They have a^rfcable countenances, good features, and are very adti* and nimble, like the other tropicsj inhabitants. The fe- males, are put to all laborious works ; and the men walk unconcerned by their fide, when they are loaded With heavy burdens, befides a child at the back. Perhaps the men think, that their carrying their arms, and defending them, is fufficient. We often faw large parties of women carrving various kinds of articles, and a party of men armea with clubs and fpears to defend them, though now and then we have fecn a man carry ■ buiden at the fame time, but not often. The women of Tanna are not very beautiful, yet they are cerainlv handfomc enough for the men, who put ihem to all kinds of drudgery. Though both men and women arc dark coloured, they are not black, nor do they bear any itlWnblance to negroes. They make themfelves blacker than they rc3ly arc, by painting their faces of the colour of black-lead. Thcv ufe alto a fort of pig- ment which is red, and a third fort brown, all thefe, cfpecially the ftrft, they lay on with a liberal hand, not only on the face, but on the neck, fhouldets, and brcaft. The women wear a petticoat nude of leaves, and the men nothing but a belt and wFa|>per. Bracelets, ear- ringi, and amulets, are indifcriminately worn by both fexes. The amulets are made of the green ftone of Zealand ; the braceleu of fea.(hells or cocoa-nut ; and the necklaces, chiefly worn by the women, moftly of feufhells. The valuable ear-rings are made of tor- toifefhell. Some of our people having got fbme at the Friendly Iflanda, brought it to a good market here, where it was nH>re ellecmed than any thing we offered to falc. Hence we concluded thefe people caught but few turtle, though one was feen iuft as we got under fail. Towards the time of our departure, the natives begfM to enquire after hatchets and large nails ; from which we concluded, that they had found iron to be of more value and t than (lone, (hells, or bones, ^ which their tools are made. Their Aone hatchets are not (haped like an adze, as in the other iflanda, but more like an ax; and in the helve, which is pretty thick, is made a hole, into which the (lone is fixed. If we except the cultivation of the ground, thefe peo- fdc have few arts worth mentioning. Thev make a coarfc kind of matting, and cloth of the baric of a tree, ufed chiefly for belts. The workmanfhip of their canoes is very clumfy; and their arms come far fhort of others we had feen. Their weapons arc bows, ar- rows, (loncs, clubs, fpears, and daru. On the lad they place mod dependence, and thefe are pointed with three bearded edges. In throwiiw them, they make ufe of A becket, that is a piece of ftilf plaited cord about fix inches long, with an eye at one end, and a knot at the other. The eye is fixed on the fore finger of the right-hand, and the other end is hitched round the dart, where it is nearly on an equipoife. Thw hold the dart between the thumb and rcnuining nngers, which fcrve only to give it diredlion, the velocity being communicated by the becket and fore finger. The former flies off from the dart the indant its velocity be- comes greater than that of the hand, but it remains on the finger ready to be ufed again. They kill both birds and fifh with darts, and are pretty certain of hitting die mark, within the compalsofacrown of a hat, fuppofc the obictfl to be diflant eight or ten yards j but if twice that didancc, it is chance if they hit a mark the file of a nwn's body, though they will throw the weapon 60 or 70 yards t for they always throw with all their might, let the didancc be what it may. Their arrows arc made of reeds pointed with hard wood. Some are bearded : fomenot; and thofc for (hooting jjirda have two, three, and four points. The done* in general, are branches of coral rocks, from eight to four- I*^" j'."'^''" ''"'C' ""<1 from an inch to an mch and a half dumeter. Thefe are generally kept in their beln. livery one carries a dub. and befides that, cither d*rts, or a bow and arrows, but never both. One of our gen- tlemen on board, made the following remark on the arnia of thefe people, which we ftiall here infert in his ownworrs. " I rouft coolcfii, I have often been led to think the fean which Homer rcprefents his heroes aa performing with their fpears, a iitdc too much of the marvellous to be admitted into an heroic poem ■, I mean when confined within the drait days of Ariftotle. Nay, even fo great an advocate (or him aa Mr. Pope, ac- knowledges them to be furprizing. But lincc I have feen what thefe people can do with their wooden fpears, and thofe badly pointed, and not of a very hard nk- ture, I have not the lead exception to any one palHige in that great poet on this account. But if 1 fee fewer exceptions, I can find infinitely more beauties in him 1 as he has, I think, fcarcely an aifHon, circumflance, or defcription of any kind whatever, relating to a fpear, which I have not feen and recognifed among thefe people { as the whirling motion, and whidling noife, as the fpears flyi their quivering motion, as they dick in the ground ; the warrion mediatii^ their aim, when thev are going to throw ; and their (baking them intheirhancf, or bnndi(hing them, as they'advancc to the attack, &c." As to the religion and government of thefe people^ we are little acquainted with the lad, and to tne fird are utter drangers. Chiefs they feem to have among them ; at lead fome were announced to us u fuch, but they appeared to have very little authority over the red of the people. Old Grcogy was the only one to whom we faw a particular refpcdl paid ; but whether this was owing to his rank or age, we cannot fay. On many occafions we have feen the old men refpedlcd and obeyed. Pkowang was fo, yet we never heard him called chief, nor could we perceive he had any more power than his neighbours, and we may fay the fame of every other perfon in our neighbourhood. The Refolution being the fird (hip that ever entered this harbour, Capt. Cook named it Port Refolution. It is fituated on the north fide of the mod cadern point of the ifland, and about E. N. E. from the volcano, in latitude 19 deg. 33 min. 35 fee. and half fouth. and in 169 deg. 44 min. 35 fee. cad longitude. It is but a finall creek, running in S. by W. haif W. three quarters of a mile, and isabmit half that in breadth. The depth of water in the harbour is about fix to three fathoms, the bottom fand and mud. The landing place is ex- ceeding convenient for taking in wood and water, both of thelc nece(rary articles-being near the (hore. After the water had been a few days on board it dunk, but turned fwect again t and when at the word the tin ma- chine would, m a few houn, recover a whole ca(k. We now firctched, with a frefh gale, to the eadward, in order to have a nearer view of Erronan. Having paired this ifland at midnight, we tacked, and on Sun- day the aid, deered S. W. intending to get to the fouth of Tanna, and nearer Annatom ; for though the morning was clear, we had made no difcovery of any iflands to the ead. At tvton, in latitude 20 deg. 33 min. 30 (ec. Port Refolution bore north, 86 deg. wed, didant about 18 miles: Tanna extended from fouth, 88 deg. W. to N. 64 deg. W. Traiton Head north 58 deg. W. didant 60 miles; the ifland of Erronan, north, 86 deg. E. didant 1 5 miles ; and Annaiom from S. half E. to S. half W. didant 30 miles. At two o'clock P. M. feeing no more land ahead of us. we bore up round the S. E. end of Tanna, and ran along the fouth coad at one league from (hore. It fecmqd to be a bold one unguarded by rocks, and the country made a fine apjpearance, full as fertile as that in the vicinity of the harbour. At fix o'clock we faw over the wed end of Tanna, in the diredlion of north i# deg. W. the high land of Erromango. We pafTed the iflwid at eight, and (hnied our couife for Sandwich Ifle, in order to conmlete our obfervations on that, and of the ifles ro the N. W. At four o'clock P. M. we ap- proached the S. £. end. We found it to trend in the direAion of W. N. W. In the middle of this range, very near the fhore, we difcovered three or four fmall ifles, behind which appeared a fafe anchorage. We continued our run along the coad to its wcuern ex- tremity and then (leered N. N. W. from the S. £. end ofMallicolIo. On the a3d, we came in fightof the iflandi P^-oom, Apee, and Ambrym. The fird of thefe S4>peafed now t» ' t ir '4 i '1 li,' 11 W \\ 172 Capt. C O O K'l VOYAGES COMPLETE. ^i^' to Ik; two ifland*. Wc continued ourcourfc to within half a Icacue of Mailicollo, on the S. W. iiiie, which wc ranpcdat chat diHancc. The direction of the land, from the S. E. point is W. by S. for about fix league*, and then N. W . by W. for three league*, terminating in a high point or head land, in latitude 16 dc^. 39 min. to vinich the name was given of S, W. Cape. The coaft \tt low, indented with creeks, and pro)e the return of the boats wc were informed by Mr. Cooper and others, that they had landed at the head pf the bay, near a fine ftream of freth water. W« ftccrcd down the bay, being not in want of any things and the w ind kaving thifted to S. S. E. Throughout the fore part of the ni^t, on the weft fide of the more, the country was illupunatcd with firca, from the fea (hore to.,th<) fummit of the Qiounuitii. ■ On Saturday the 37th, at dayi-break, we found ourtelves two thirds dawn the bay, and at noon wc were the length of the N. W. point, which bore N. 83. deg. W. diftant Ave miles |. and by obfervation our latitude was 14 deg. 39 min. ,30 fee. . Some of our gentlemen were doubtful of this being the bay of Sc. Philip and St, Jago, becaufe no place anlwercd (o the pon of^ Vera Cruz : but the cap- tain gave very good realbns for a contrary opinion. A port . is a very vague term, like many others in geo- graphy ; and what Quiro* calls the port of Vera Cnu^ might be the whole haven or harbour, or the anchorage at^c head of the bay, which in fomc place* may ex.> tend farther off than where our boats landed. The river was probably one of thofe mentioned by Quiros* and, if we were not deceived, we faw the other. The bay is every where free from danger, and of an unfathomable depth, except near the thores, which are for the moft part low. It hath fixty miies fea coaft ; eighteen on uic eaft fide, which lies in the dircdlion of S. half W. and N. half E, fix at the head ; and thirty- fix on the weft fide, the diredion of which is S. by E. and N. by W. from the head down to two thirds of itf length, and then N. W. by N. to the N. W. point, ■The two poinu which form the entrance of the bay, arc in the direction of S. 53 deg. E. and N. 53 deg. W. diflant from each other thirty miles. The bay, as well as the flat land at the head of it, is bounded by a ridge of hills : one to the weft is very high, and ex- tends the whole length of the ifland. Upon this ap-r ucarcd a luxuriant vcgeution wherever the eye turned. Kioh plantations adorned the fides of the hills, foreft* : narcl their towered heads; and every vajley was wa- teiei with a running ftream » but of all the produc- itiqns of nature the cocoa-nut trees were the mgft con-' ;fpicuws. Capt. CooK named the eaft point of the 'bay C^pe Quiros, in memory of it* firft difcovercr. It His ip lat. i4cleg. 56 rain. S. mUfki^l deg. 13 min. E. longi- ^E-^fur making Di/etveriet in the South Seat 2c Round the IVorid. 1 7 3 longitude. The N. W. point he nanwd Cipe Cum- berUnd, in honour of his royal highndb the duke. This lici in latitude of t4deg. 38 min. 45 fee. S. "nd "i longitude 166 dcg. 40 min. 30 fee. E. It ii the N. W. extremity of this Archipelago. On the 3 »th, and 29th, we toolc every opportunity, when the horizon wa» clear, to look out for more land, hut none was feen : it is pro- bable that there is none nearer than Queen Charlotte's Ifland, difcovcred by Capt. Carteret, about 90 leagues N. N. W. from Cape Cumberland, and the Captam thought this to be the fame with Quiros's Santa Cruz. On Tucfday the 30th, we plyed up the eoall with a frefh breeze. On Wcdncfday the 31ft, we weathered the S. W. point of the idand. The coaft which trends eaft, northerly, is low, and feemcd to form fome creeks or coves I and as we sot farther in:o the palTage, we per- ceived feme fmall low ifles lying along it, which fccmrd to extend behind St. Bartholomew Ifland. Having now explored the whole Archipelago, the fcafon of the year made it neccflary to return to the fouth; but we had yet romc t at which m\ place the Captain intended to touch, in order to recruit our ftock of wood and water for another fouthcrn courfe. To this end, at five o'clock P. M. we tacked, and hauled to the fouthward, with a frcfli gale at S. E. At this time the S. W. point of the ifland Ticrradel Efpirltu Santo, the only remains of Quiros's continent, bore north 82 deg. W. which Capt. Cook nanKd Cape Lifl^urne. It lies in latitude 15 dig. 40 min. and in 16 j dcg. 59 min. eaU longitude. It may perhaps be plcafing to our readers to give a funmiary and more accurate view of the iflands in this Archi- pelago, as the foregoing account, being given journal- « ifc, may not be thought perfpicuous, or plain enough, either as to lituation or dclcription. The iflands which compofc this Archipelago are not eafily numbered. Wc counted upwards of leventy in fight at one time; and they feem to be inhabited by people of very diirtrciit natures and complexions. Some wc faw were woolly headed, and of the African race; others were of a copper colour, not unlike the New Zcalandcrt ; fome were of the mulatto colour, and not a few like the natives of Rotterdam, of a brownilh black, with long hair and (horn beards. The high notions, however, that were entertained of the vaft riches of thcfc iflands, of their abounding in pearls, filver ore, and precious (tones, do not feem well founded, neither docs the illand of Manicola anfwer by any means, the pompous defcription given of it by the Spanifli writers, who found their report on the relation of an Indian chief, and on that of a captive, whom Quiros feizcd, and carried to Mexico. From the former Quiros learned, that to the N. W. of his country (Taumaco) there were more than 60 iflands, and a large country, which he called Manicola; that, to explain which were fmall, he made circles, and pointed to the fca with his finger, and made figns that it furrounded the land ;' and for the larger he made greater circles, and the fanrie figns j and for that large country he opened both his arms, without joining them again, thereby in- timating, that it extended without end ; and by ligns he (hewed which people were whites, negroes, Indians, and mulattoes. and which were mixed ; that in fome iflands they eat human fle(h ; and for this he made figns by biting his arm, (hewing clearly thereby his abhor- rence ofTuch people. He alfo gave them to underftand, mt in the great country, there were cows or buflaloes. From the cajitive Quiros learnt, that in fome of thofc iflands. there were pearls as large as fmall pebbles , that the pelFIs were white and (hining; and that when they looked at them againft the fun„the (hining luftre dazzled their eyes; that, at Ave days of their failing from a country which he named, lay that great ^""'"'y Manicola inhabited by many people, dun- aoloured, and mulattoes, who lived in large towns ; that th» country was high and mounuinous, with many laigjrivcrs ; that he. with many when, had gone to 11 {none of their embarkations, in queft of the trunk of « great tree, of the many that arc in it, to nuke a parla- gua I and that he (aw there a port larger, and the entrance narrower, than that of^ Sr. Philip and St. Jago, and that the bottom was fand, and the Ihore (hingic: be added, that the inhabitant:, had warlike inflrunients pointed with lilver. This captive, after he had learnt the Spanifli tongue, conHrmccl what he had faid of the Great Country, and what the chief had faid of the many iflands, and of the ditfcrent nations with which they were peopled ; fome lufty, having their bodies pundtuatedi others not fo, of various colouis. long hair, red, black, curled and woolly. And being (hewn fome (tones impregnated with filver, he faid, in the great country he had feen fuch kind of ftones, and likcwifc at fuamaco, where the natives ufed fome to punduate themfelves, and others for ornament. From thefc intimations, feveral Navig 24 miles. The N. W. end is 16 miles broad 1 and nearer the middle one third of that breadth. Thefc a X unequal m 11 •ft. uneqtmt incafurcmcnti, particularly iMsr fh* CCMre, aM caiilcil by a wiilc and pretty deep buy, o» the S. W. lidr. It uc iiiiiy tiirni a iiidgnivnt ol the whole of this ifland fnini what uu law of it, wc mull cotKludc it is very fertile arul jxipulous. The hills arc in the cenccr of the iiland, from which 'he land dcfccndt, with ai> eafv (lope to thtr fca coall, w here it is rather low. IV. St. Bartholomew, Ikuated bctwn n the S. E. end of iiorra del F.fpiiitu Santo, and the north end of Mal- lirollo I the diltancc bctMcen which latter iiland and St. Bartholomew is eight miles. The middle o( it is in latitude t c de^. 4S min. Between this iiland and that of Mallicotlo, is the piilHigc through which M. dc Bougainville went ; whole dclcripttons have very little pretcnfions to accuracy, V. The Ide of L.cpcrs is fituated between Efpiritu Santo and Aurora, being dillant from the former eight leagues, and from the latter thrco. It lies nearly under the lame meridian as the S. b. em) ofMallicoUo, in fatitudc 15 deg. 22 nun. Its figure approaches iKarcIl to an oval; and it i» near 60 miles in circumference. \Vc determined its boinklsbv feveral bearings; but the lines of the fliorc were tracea out by infpedtion, except the N. E. part, where there is an anchorage half a mile from the land. We muft here obfervc, that, Aurora, VVhitfuirtidc, Ambrym, Paoom, and its neighbours Apec, Three-hills, and Sandwich Illands, lie all under the fame meridian of 167 deg. 29 inin. E. extending from the latitude of 1 4 dcg. 5 1 min. 30 fee, to 1 7 deg. y} min. ;jofec. VI. .\urora Iiland lies N. by W. and S. by E. in which direolion it is j 3 miles in length ; but in breadth, we think, it fcarccly exceeds fcven miles, except where the natives have their plantations, its furfacc is hilly, and every where covered with wooii. VII. Whitfuntide Iiland, one league and a half to the fouth of Aurora, of which it is the fame length, but fomcwhat broader; and lies in the diredion of north and fouth. Except fuch parts that fecmcd to be cultivated, and which arc pretty numerous, it appeared conliderably high, and covered with wood. VIII. Ambrym, from the north lidc to the fouth end of Whitfuntide Ifland, is two leagues and an half. In ciiciimfcrencc this ifland is about 17 leagues. The ihorc is rather low, and the land rifes with an unequal afccnt to a high mountain. Wc judged it to be well inhabited from the quantity of fniokc which we pcr- reivcd to afccnd out of the woods, in fuch parts of the ifluid as paired under ourobfcrvation; for the whole of it "c did not fee. IX. Paoom, of this aixl its neighbourhood wefaw but little, and therefore can only fay of this ifland, that it (oars up to a great height in the form of a hay-cock. I hf extent of this and the adjoining iflc (if they are two) Jii not exceed three or four Icngucs, in any dircc- lion i tor the diftanc9 between Ambrym and Apec is ftaaely live leagues, and they are lituatcd in this fpace, and cad from Port Sandwich, didant about eight leagues. X. Apec. The dircdion of this ifland is about 24 miles N. W. and S. E. and it is not Icfs than 60 miles in circumference. It has a hilly furface, rifing to « conlidcrabic height, and is diverfificd with woods and la« ns : we fpeak here only of the weft and fouth parts, for the others wc did not fee. XI. Shepherd's Ifles, which are a duller of fmall ones, of dirtercnt dimenfions, in the diredlion of S. E. and extending oft' from the S. E. point of Apce, about five leagues. XII. Three-hills. This ifland lies four leagues fouth from the coall of Apce, and is diftant 17 leagues, S. li. half S. from Port Sandwich. A reef of rocks, on which the fea continually bLats, lies W. by N. five miles from the weft point. XIII. Sandwich Ifland is fituated nine leagues, in the diredUon of fouth from Three-hills. To the eaft and well of which line arc, XIV. Two-hills Ifland. XV. The Monument. which XtI. MoilMHt IntHdli XVII. ri tiwlii l wrt M ifc' V ■ XVIII. TWO orfcw* f:t»« ilkt^ , Hinchinbrook and Sandwich Ifland, to which thcyari connci'led by breakert. Sandwich Illond it 7J miles in circumference, and its greatcft extent ii 30 miles* It r.es in the dircdion of N. W. by W. and S. E. by K. We viewed the N. W. coall of this ifland only at a dif- tance. Fmm the fouth end of Mallicollo, to the N. W. end of S,-indw ich Iflc, the dillancc, in the direction of S. S. E. i» 32 league*. XIX. Erramang!i> lies in the fame diredlioni and it fltuated 1 8 leagues from Sandwich Ifland. It is about 75 miles in circumference. The middle of it is in la- titude 18 dcg. 54 mm. longitude 169 deg. 19 min. E. From the dillance wc were off when wc hrft faw it, it apr«ared of a good height. XX. Tanna. This iiland is fituated fix leagues from the fouth fide of Erromango, extending S. E. oy S, and N. W. by N, It is aoout 24 miles long in that direc- tion, and every where about nine or twelve milca broad. XXI. Annatom. This is the fouthcrnmoft iflandi and lies in latitude 20 deg. 3 min. longitude 170 dcg. 4 min. and 1 2 leagues from Port Kefolution, fouth 30 dcg. E. Its furtace is hilly, and of a tolerable height » more V.C cannot fay of it. XXII. Iinmcr, which is in the dircdlion of N. by E. halfE. four leagues from Port Kefolution in Tanna; . and, XXIII. Erronan.orFootoona.cafl, lies in the fame direction, diftant 1 1 leagues. This ifland is the moft (■allern of all the Hebrides, and appeared to be more than live leagues in circumference. It is high, and on the toj) rtat. A fmall peak, fecmingly disjoined froiTV the iflc, though we thought it was connci^tcd by low land, lies on the N. E. fide. This is an accurate def- cription of the principal illands in the Archipelago, to which our commander gave the name of the Hebrides; but, as wc have before obfervcd, there arc many others of lelTcr note, of which wc had only a tranlient view, and therefore cannot pretend todef- cfibc. To this account, in order to render it complete, we fliall annex the lunar obfervations, made by our aftro- nomcr, Mr. Wales, for afcertaining the longitude of thcfc iflands, concerning which Capt. Cook obfcrves, " That each fet of obfervations confifting of between fix and ten obfcrved diftanccs of the fun and moon, ormooit and rtars,the wholenumberamounts to feveral hundreds » and thcfe, by means of the watch, have been reduced to alt the iflands; fo ch.it the longitude of each is as well determined as that of the two ports undermentioned, namely. Sandwich and Kefolution. To prove this we need only obfervc, that the longitude of the two ports, as pointed out by the watch and by the obfervations, did not diflxrr two miles. This fticws likewifc, what degree of accuracy thcfc obfervations are capable of, when mul- tiplied to a confiderable number, made with different inftruments, and with the fun and ftars, or both fides of the moon. By this laft method, the errors which mav be either in the inftruments or lunar tables, deftroy each other, as alfo thofe that may arifc from the obfervt* himfelf ; for fome are more critical, and cloferobfervers than others. If we confidcr the number of obferva- tions that may be obtained in the courfe of a month, (fiippofing the weather to be favourable) we fliall per- haps find this method of afcertaining the longitude , ''t. rr',: ^Mi* <: -'i^i;- •H** •■■■ll■\^ . ///• ,^tN^:: r ;■ :^> f-Kv m^ Af, liV. % !Hl| I M COOK'i SECOND V' 3.1" | i ditto, at 168 a 37 V ao dittos 167 5a $7 M:an ofthcfe meani 167 57 23 |E.Li>iig. IL PORT RESOLUTION. Meanof aofetiofobrerv. before 169' 37' 35" 5 ditto, at 169 4> 48 ao ditto, after Mean of thefe nteaiu 169 47 aa; "69 4+ 3S »"<«aai >-M»':«i CHAP. VII. VfW OtteJoxi* iijcavrred — Ificidtnts — TJr nnmry ifferihfi — An accmtnt of Ibt cuflmt, mmmeti, m4 arts ef ibf nalivfl — Olfjervaiions m tbt eoitjl and/ome lew iJlanJs — R/markable iitcifUms whilf exploring lbe/e—7'be Ref»lulieH it ttliffd le itpart fmn New Caledonij — This, in Qtpt. Ook's opinim, it the largeft ijknd in the ^mth Pacific Ocean, except S,-cv Zealand — Remarks upon it — Cmtinues her voyage to New Zealand — Okfervalions refpelltng the di/cwery (/Norfolk JJlaiid — Sbt! arrivtt at H^ueen Charlotte's Sound— An account of incidents while the pip lay there. ON September the ill, being Thurfday, we wrre out of tight of land, and no more wa.i to be fccn. We continued our courfe to the S. W. and on the 3d at five o'clock, fotind ourfelvei in 19 dcg. 49 niir and in 165 deg. E. longitude. On the 4th, at eight or 'Kk A. M. wedifcovcrcdland, which at noon extended loin S. S E. to W, by S. diftant Six leagues. At five F, M. wc were (Ix leagues oft", »»hen we were flopped by a calm. At thia time the land extended from S. h. by S to W. by N. round by the S. W. but as fomc openings wne fccn in the weft, we could not determine whether it was one conncdled land, or a clufter of I (lands. The road to the S. E. feemcd to terminate to the S. E. in a high promontory, which waa named Cape Colnet, after one of our midlhlpmen, who firfl dilcovcrcd this land. Wc faw two or three canoes under fail, and wc thought thev had come off" to us, but thev ftruck their faiU a little before fun fet, and wc faw them no more. On the 5th, wcobferved the coal extended to the S. E. of Cape Colnett. and round by the S. W. to N. W. by W. Wc bore down to N. W. and came before an opening, that had the appearance of a good channel. we dcfired to enter it, in order to have an opportunity of obferving an cclipfc of the fun, which was foon to happen. Wc therefore fcnt out two armed boats to round the channel ; and at the fame time we faw i a laisc failing canoes near us. All the morning we had obicrved them in motion, and coming off" from dif- fcrent parts j but fomc were lying on the reef, fifliing as we imagined. When we hoifted out our boats tncy were pretty near us; but upon feeing this, t'-'-v return- ed, and our boats followed them. Wc now - , '■ con- vinced, that what wc had taken for openii ^ in the coaft was low land, all conncded, except the wcftern extremity, which, as wc afterwards learnt, was an lOand, called Balabca. The boats havin 7 made a flg- nal for a channel, wc flood in witls j/e (hip. The commanding officer of the bo»u - .>rted, that there was good anchorage, and that iho natives were very civil and obliging. He gave them fomc medals, and in return, they prcfente^ him with fomc fifh. Having aot within the reef, wc hauled up S. half E. forafmafl low fandy ifle, lying under the (hore, being foUowcd by all the canoes. We proceeded up the b.iy more than two mUen, and at length anchored in five fathoms water, the bottom a fine fand mixed with mud, and wc were well (heltered from the wind and fca. At thia time the low bady ifle bore E. by S. diftant three quarters of a mile, and from the Ihorc of the main we were one niile. The ifland of Balabca bote N. W. by JN. and the channel through which wccame north, diftant four miles. A great number of the natives fur- rounded us before we had well got to anchor, in 16 or 1 8 can«vs, without any fort of weapons, and we pre- vailed upon nebont to come near enough to receive fomc nrcfenf In return, they tied two filh to the rope, tnat flu k intolerably. An intercourfe being thua opened by mutual exchanges, two of the natives ven-' tured cii board the fliip, and prefcntly after Ihr was 6lled <' 'hthcm. Some dined with us, but they would not cai our fait beef, po''k, or peafe foup: we happened to \ 'c fomc y? ■ s left >ich they were very fond of. Thcfc they call j Oi)bee, a name not unlike Oofce by which they nrc •- lied at moft of the illands, except Malllcollui .v:rthelrfs we found thefe people fpoke a langiiige 10 which wc ere entire ftrangers. They W' .1.. i' ite naked, exccp . ^ belt and wrapper, which t irvui (^ as the inhabitannot the other iflands. They l.ia no knowledge of our dogs, cats, .nd goats, &c. not having even a name for them; bu' ' cwcd a re- markable attachment to pieces of red .loth and fpikc nails After dinner-time, a party of us went alhorc with two armed boats, and landed amid (I a great num- ber of people, who were induced by curiofitv alone to fe .'s, for they had not fo much as a ftick in their hands, .ind received us with great courtefy. I'hey ex- prclfed a natural furprizc at feeing nwn and things fo new to them as we were. Prcfents were made to fuch, as a man, who had attached hiiiifelf to Capt. Cook, pointed out t but he would not f\sffcr the captain to givQ the women, who ftood behind, any brads or mck dais. We faw a chief whofe name wai Teabooma, wIk> called for filence foon after wc landed. Every pcrfon inftantly obeyed him. and liftened with extraordinary attention. When he had fini(hcd his harangue, ano- ther fpoke, who was no Icfs rcfpe^fully attended to. Their fpecchrs were compofed of ihort fentenccs. We thought ourfclves to be the fubjed of them, though we could not underfhind them. Having by figns enquired for frcfti water, fomc pointed to the caft, others to the weft; but our friend undertook to conduA us to it, and for that purpofc embarked with us. The ground we pafled was beautifully cultivated, laid out in feveral plantations, and well watered. Wc rowed near two miles to the caft, where we obferved the (hore to b& moftly covered with mangroves. We entered among thefe by a narrow creek or river, which brought us to a little ftraggling village where we were (hewn frcih water. Near this fpot the land was richly adorned with f>lantations of fugar-canes, yams, &C. and watered with ittfe rills, conduced by art from the ma * ' ^nga, whofe fourcc was in the hills. Wc faw fever ».oa- nut trees which had not much fruit on them, aiiu heard the crowing of cocks, but faw none. Some roots were baking m I ■it ■ t: . ii, I !^ !• / -I J bakiitc on a fire, in an eanhcn.jar, which would hold fix gallons, and we did not doubt, but that this was of their own manufadure. Mr. Forfter Ihot a duck as it flew over our heads, and explained to the captain's friend how it was killed. He defircd ^o have the duck, knd informed his country-men in what manner it was Ihot. The tide not permitting us to Oay longer in the creek, wc took leave of thcfe amicable people, from whom we had nothing to expedl but good nature, and the privilege of vifitinc their country without molcfta- tion, as it was cafy to lee thcfc were all they cotild be- llow. Though this did not fatisfy our demands, it gave us much cafe and fatisfadion, for they certainly rccellcd all the natives wc had hitherto met with in friendly civility, On'Iucfday, the 6th, in the morning, hundreds of the natives came to vilii us: fome ("warn, and others came in canoes. Hefore ten o'clock our decks, and other parts of the (hip, were quite full of them. The cap- tain's friend brought fome fruit and a few roots : the reft had with them only their clubs and darts, wliith they exchanged readily for nails, piccw of cloth, and , and Mr. CIcrke. the lati- tude of the ifle, at the place of obfervation, was found to be 20 deg. 17 min. 39 fee. S. 'I'he longitude by the diftance of the fun and moon, and moon and ftars, 48 fets, 164 deg, 41 min. 21 fee. E. I'he fame by the watch 163 deg. 58 min. Mr. Wales meafured the quantity edipfed by Hadley's quadrant, a method ne- ver before thought of. Thecaptain was of opinion, that it anfwcrs the purpofc of a micrometer to a great degree of certainty : if fo, it is a great addition to the ufe of this valuable inftrument. In the evening we vi- fited the watering place, which was a fine ftrcam, at the head of a fmall creek. The calks were conveyed by a fmall boat down the creek to the beach, over which | they were rolled, and then put into the launch. The boat could enter the creek only at high water. Near this watering place was plenty of excellent uood for fuel, an article we did not at prefent want. In the evening of this day, about feven o'clock, died Simon Monk, our butcher. His death was occalioned by a fall down the fore hatchway, the preceding night. We could not but lament "the lots of fo ufeful a hand, ef- pccially as he was well refpcded and much cftcemed on board the (hip. On Wednefday, the 7th, wc made a party to take a view of the country. VVhcn we had landed, two of the natives undertook to be our guides. We afcendcd the hills by a pretty good path ; and in the way met fe- veral people, who accompanied us, fo that in a fliort time our train became numerous. From the fummit of one of the hills wc faw the fea in two places, v hereby we could detcnninc the breadth of this country, » hicn docs not exceed thirty miles. A large valley lay be- tween the ridge wc were lipon, and the advanced hills, through which glided a terpentine river, and on the fides of the hills were feveraf ftracgling villages. The valley appeared rather romantic, by the villages, inter. fpcrfcd with woods, winding llreams, and beautiful planationg, which much improved the fcenc. The other parts of the ifland were moftly rocky and barren. The uttle foil that is upon the mountains and high places is burnt up by the fun ; yet it ,is coated with 8 coarfe grafs and plants, and here and there trees- a.n(l ftuubt. There is a great limilitudc between this ifftun- try and New Holland, under the fame parallel qthti- tude, obvious to every one who had feen both places. Wc returned by a different road to that wc came jiy .^nd palled through fome of the planutions in the plains, which were laid out with great judgment, and appeafeU to be well cultivated. All the nations in thcfc law «- emit their land by letting it lay in fallow, but th^fcem not to have any idea of manuring it, except ^i^sing fire to the grafs with which it u ovcr-nin. mving fmiflicd our excurfion by noon, we returned oni^pArd to dinner, with one of our guides with us, whofei^tcnr tion and fidelity were rewarded ut a very- trifl|ng|ex. pence. In the afternoon, the captain's clerk,. being aftiore, purchafed a filh which one of the natiurt had ftmck. It had a Urge, long, ugly head, and bort fome refcmblance to the fun filh. It was ordered for/ as wc had no fufpicion of its being poifonous. |t, dcntially, the time the draughtfman took uptf traying this filh, made it too late for us to have itf but the captain, and the two McfTrs. Forfters 6 the liver and row ; and in the middle of the ni|M found themfclvcs feized with a weakneli and^ which affeded their whole frame. The captaiji mort loft his fenfe of feeling, -not being able td guilli between light and heavy bodies ; a quart ( feather feemcd the fame in his hand. An emci , after that afweat, were taken by thefegcntlcmenjiihich proved an efficacious remedy. When they rofe l^ the morning, they found one of the pigs dead, who had eaten the entrails ; and when the natives c.infc on board, and faw the fifli hang up, they cxprejrcd their abhorrence, fignifving it was not wholefome icod. It is a little remarkable they did not do this whetwiic filh was to be fold, nor after it was purchafed. c3n the 8th in the afternoon, Teabooim, the chief, brought a prefent to the captain, coiififting of a few yams, anc} fugar canes. In return for which, among other arti- cles, a dog and bitch was fent him, nearly full grown. The dog was red and white, but the bitch was the co- IcMr of an Englilh fox. This was done with the view of flocking the country with this fpecies of animals. It was fome time before Teabooma could believe the prefent was intended for him ; but when he was con- vinced of this, he lent them immediately away, and fcemed loll in exctfs of Joy. On the 9th, lieutenanc Pickerfgill and Mr. Gilbert were dilpatchcd in the launch and cutter to explore the coaft to the well, which could not be fo well cfTedlcd by the fliip, on account of the reefs. A party of men was alfo fent aftiore to cut brooms ; but Capt. Cook and Meflrs. Forfters were confined aboard, though much better. On the I oth, Mr. Forfter was fo well recovered as to go into the country in fearch of plants. On Sunday, the nth, in thcjevening, the boats returned, and we were informed by the commanding officers, that hav» ing reached an elevation the morning they had fet out, they had from thence a view of {he coall j and both Mr. Gilbert and Mr. Pickerfgill were of opinion, that there was no paflagc for the (hip to the weft. From this place, accompanied by two of the natives, they went to Balabed. They were received by Teabi, the chief of the ifland, ana the people w ho came in great numbers to fee them, with ftrong intinutions of friend- fliip. Our people, that they might not be crowded, drew a line between them and the natives, whouadcr- ftood and complied with the rcftric'lion. One of thcfc had a few cocoa-nuts, which a failor would have bought, but the man being unwilling to part with them, walked off, and, being lollowed by the failor, he fat down on the fand, made a circle round him, as he had fccn our people do, and fignified that the other was not to come within it, and the injundion was ftridly ob- ferved. This excurfion to Balabca was rather a fruit- lefs one; for they did not reach the ifle till near fun- fet, and left It again before fun-rifc, the next morning ; and the two following days were fpent in getting up to the (hip. In going down to the iOe, they faw a great numbw of tuiUci, but could not (Irikc any. jche ■ wind COOK'S SECOND VO YAOE-kfor mMngDt/coVeries irt the SdUtiSeas & Round the frar/J, i jj wind and fca being rather tempeftubuj. The cutter fprung a leak, and fuddenly filled with water, fo that tney were obliged to throw fcveral things over bbard, to prevent her being loft, and by lightening her, to flop the leak. From a fUhing canoe they njet, they got as much (ilh as they could eat. , , On Monday, the i ath; early iii the morning, the carpenter was ordered to repair the cutter. The cap- tain being dcfirout of ftockirig this country with hi^s as well as dogs, the fontier being more ufcful of the two, he took with them in the boat a yoiing bt»r and fow, and went up the mangrove creek in fearch of his friend, the chief, in order to give them to him. We were informed by the natives, that he lived at foinc di- ftance, but they would fend for him: but he not cpming ii foon as we expedled, Capt. Cook refolved to give them to the firft man of confcquence he might meet with. In confcquence of this determination, tney were offered to a grave old nnan, who (hook his head, and made figns for us to take them into the boat again. On our refufing to comply, they fcemed to hold a con- fultation what was to be donb. After this, our guide offered to condu one tenth of^an inch from each other. No. ii. The dthcf ehds, that are ^ little pointed, fpl-ead out like the fticks of a fan. Some havfe thcii- hair tied up in clubs, and others, ai. ^cl| as the wdmen, wear it cropped ftiort. They alfo wear their beards cropped in the fame manner. I'hcy arc much fubjeifl to fwelled and ulcerated legs, particularly the hicn, .as olfo to a fwelling of the fcrotum: When they go cat in their ca> noes, and when unemployed, they weai- a cbarfe kind of matting, of their own manufadurc, and the men of note have a ftiflf, cylindrical black cap^ which ap-* pearcd to be a capital ornament, and mark of diftinc- tion among them. The drefs of their wbmcn is a ftiort petticoat, made of the leaves of the plantain treci faftened by a coi-d round their waifts. I'his is at leaft fix inches thick^ but not one longer than neceflary for the ufe defigned. The outer filaments are dyed blacky and the right fide is ornamented with pearl Oyfter- ftiells. Both fexes are adorned with car-rings, ncck^ laces, amulets, and brncelets, made of large fliells, which arc placed above the elbow. Various parts of their bodies are puniftured. They appear to be 4 race between the natives of Tanna, and thofe of the Friendly Idandlt and they bear fome refemblance to thofe ot New Zealand; their language, in fome re- fpedts, appears to be collcded from thefe three coun- tries. In honefty and a friendly difpofition, they cer- tainly exoel all others. However, notwithftanding this, they inuft fometimes be engaged in war. other- wife they would not be fo well provided as they jtrc.with weapons of various forts. Their clubs are near thrctf feet in length, and varioUfly formed, fome with heads like an hawk, others with round heads. They arc all made very neatly. Their darts and fpears are orna- mented with carvings; They take (bme paint to ftiap* the ftoiies for their flings^ which are in the form of an e|^. only pointed alike at both ends. In ftriking filh with a dart, they are very dexterous, which we believe is the only method they have of catching them, for We faw neither hooks nor lihcs in their polfeflion. Their tools arc much the fame as in the other iflands. They - build their houfes circular, rcfembling a bee-hive, and full as clofe and warm ; into which they enter by a fouare opening, juft big enough to admit a man upon his knees. Tne roof is lofty and brought to a point at top ; the fide walls are five feet and a hiilf high t botik roof and fides are covered with thatch, made of coarA long grafs. On the top of moft of theil- dwellings is » wowlen poft, which is generally ornamented either with carving, or ftiells. or both. Within are platforms for the conveniency of laying any thing on. and in fome houfes are two floors, one above the other. On the floors dry grafs is laid, and mau are fpread for the prin^* cipal people to fleep, or fit on. In moft of them \\c found a hre burning, and in fome two fire places, buc they arc very fmoaky and hot, having no chimney, nor vent for thefmoak but the door ; anatmofphere which to Europeans muft be very difagreeable, and as to our- felves we could fcarcely endure it a moment ; but with refpcdl to the lutivcs, the fmokc is a ncceflary evil, as it prevents the mufquitoes from molefting them, and thefe are very numerous. Their houfes arc better cal- culated for a cold than a hot climate { and it is owing to their internal heat, that thefe people are fo chilly when in the open air, and without exercife. We often faw them make little firel at different places, and fquac down round them, only to warm themfelves. In fom? particulars their houfes are very neat ; for befides the ornaments at top, we faw fome with carved door-pofts. There are not any partitions in them.confcqucntly they cannot have any of our ideas that make privacy ne- ccflary. They cook their viduals in the open air, without doors ; and the earthen jar, before mentioned, fccms to be the only article of their houfliold utenfili worth notice. In this they bake their roots and fifti. They ufe three or five ftoncs, in the form of a fugar- loaf, to keep the jars from refting on the fire, and thrt it may bum the better. On thefe the jars lie in- clined on their fides ; and three ftoncs are for one jar, five for two. 1 he flones arc fixed in the ground, and their pointed ends arc about half a foot atwve the fur. 1 Y face. •n >rle (ccmcd to relifli the ufte of it* which is fweet and nfipid. Their fruit trees do not yield much fruit. Plantains are not in abundance t fugarcahes and bread- fruit are very fcarce ; and the cocoa-nuts are but thinly planted. Notwithftanding nature has been rather fcanty in fier fikvours tp the ifland, it is not thinly peopled on the fea coaft. and in the valleys that are capable of cultivation. We faW, it is true, great nunnbers of the natives every d^^r^ but we believe they came from all - partt on our account. Down the coaft, to the well, there are but few inhabitants, but from the eaft, they came daily in large bodies, over the mountains, to vifit us. We muft, however, confcfs, that what parts of this country we faiw, arc not'iic to fupport many inha- bitants, moll of thefc being barren rocky mountains, the grafs growing on which is ufclefs to people who have no cattle. The fea, perhaps, may compenfatc for the (lerility of the land. A coaft encircled with reefs and Ihoals, cannot fail of aflbrding a plentiful fupply of fifli. Our botanical party did not complain tor want of employment. They obferved feveral plants, common :o the eallem and northern idands i and, among other produdions, difcovcred the tree, the bark ot which, being eaftly peeled oif, is ufed in the Ead-Indies for caulking of Ihips. I'he bark is foft, white, and ragged j the wood very hardi the leaves long and narrow, in colour, of a pale dead green, and in fmell, a fine aromatic. I'hcy found alfu a fiie- cics of the padion flower, which, wc arc informed has never before been known to grow wild any where but in America. Of the land birds, which are very nume- rous, wc faw feveral to us unknown, as a kind of tur- tle doves, very beautiful, many fmall birds, and one lelcmbling a crow, though much fmallcr, and its fea- tlKts are tinged with blue. We endeavoured, but in vain, to obtain the name of the whole illand { but we got the names of feveral dillrici:i, w ith thofe of their chiefs. Balade was the name of the diftrid we were at, and Tea Booma the chief. Tea is a tide prefixed to the names of all, or mod of their great men. The captain'! friend, by wayof diftindlion, called him Tea C6ok. Their canoes arc very clumfy, though fome- what like thofe of the Friendly Ifles. Mod of them are double canoes. They are navigated by one or two lattcen fails. The fdil is made of pieces of matting ; the ropes of the coarfe Ulamenu of the plantain tree. They fiiil well, but are not cakmlated for rowing or paddling. They are about thirty feet long, and the deck or platform, about twenty-four in length, and ten in breadth. In our traffic with thefc people, fmall nails vere of little value, nor did they admire beads, idok- ing-glaflcs, &c. and evert a hatchet was not Co valuable as a ^ikt nail. Their womcH here as well as at Tanna, arc very chafle, and we neverheard, that one of our people ever obuincd the lead &vour from any one ojf them: Indeed their ladies would fometimi-s divert themfclves by going a little afide with our gentlemen, as if they meant to be kind,' and then would in a mo- ment run ai^ay laughing at them. Thcfe people de- podt thdr dead in the ground. Some of our gentle- , men faw a grav<;, refemnling one of Roman tumuli, in which, they Were informed lay the rei , ains of a chief, (lain in battle. Round his grave fpcars, diuta, and paddles, were (hick upright in the ground. On 'Itiefday, th« 13th of September, |t fun rife, we weig^Mi and dood fbi' the fame tiiannel we came ■ in by. At half Mid fevcn wt were in the mkldic of b, when the'ifle of Balabca boir W. N. W. As foon u we were dear cf the reef, we bore up aloMr the outfide of it, ftcering N. W. by W. as it ocnded. Ac noM the ifland of Balabca bore S. by W. diduK abMitibur loniMt and at diree o'cktek P. M. it bert S. by E. half E. From this place the retf iifeltnc4 to die-lll< and then to N. W. Advancii^to N. W. we UtBA More land, fo that Mr. Gilben mit iniSaken,Mid di(l not fee die extremity of the coift. At five dik land bore W. bv N. half N; difhuit itcar ieven leagues. On the 14m, the reef dill trended N. W. along whicli we fteered, with a liriit brectc, at E. S. £. At nooK we had lolt.liB^ of mlabea, and at three o'clock^ wt run l)^ aWtttKly ifle, the fptce between which, and the nortlwwedelnmod land was drewed with ftnaJs. At fun-fet, we could but jud fee the land, which bore S. W. by S. about ten leunies diflant. No land was feen to the wcftwaidi of this di(etton>i the reef too - trended away Wt by Ni ahd ftom«he mad-head fecmed to terminate in a-point ; lb that cmry apptarance flat«- tercd oiir expcSgdons, and induced tfM to believe, that we diouki foon «et round ti^e dwals. Ort thetjth, fee- ins neither laniT nor breakers, we bore awiylK. W. by W. but the fhoals dill continuin|^ we plied up fort clear fea to the S. $• by doing which, we did but jud weather the point pf dw reef we had pafTed the prece* ding evening. To render our tituation the more dan- gerous,- the wind began to fkil us t .in the afternoon it fell a calm ; and we were left to the metcy of a gran fwcll, fetting diredly for the reef, which was wot more than a league from us. The pinnace and cutter were hoided out to tow the fliip. but they wereaf little fer* vice. At feven o'clock, a light air at NJ N. E. kept her head to the fea; and on the 1 6th, at cteven o'clock A. M. we hoided in the baits, and made fall to S. £» A tide or current had been in our favour all nighi;, and was the caufe (under God) of our getting founexpededly clear of the Ihoals. On IViefday the stxh, at noon^ Cape Colnet bore N. 78 d^. W. diflant dx leaKues. From hence the land extemfed round by the S. to E. S. E. till it waa k>d in the horizon, and the country ap- peared variegated with many hills and valleys. We dood in diorc till fun-fet, when we were about three leagues off. Two fmall iflots lay difhint from us five miles, and others lay between us and the fltore. The country was mountainous, and had much thk fiimc af- pedt as about Balade. iki the atd, we foundourfelves about fa leagues from the caid. On tfie a id, we dood in for the land, which at noon extended from N. 78 de& W. to S. 31 dec. half E. round by the S. The coad, in thi!,lali direaion, feemed to trend more to the S, in a lofty promontory, which, in honour of the day, was named Cape Coronation, in latitude 22 deg. i min. and in 167 deg. 7 min. 30 fee. E. longitude. On the sjd. at day-break, a high point apj^arcd in dght, beyond the cape, which proved to be' the S. E. extremity of the cai|d, :to which we gave the name of Queen Char- lotte's Foreland; It lies in latitude i23 deg. 16 rain. S: and in 167 deg. 14 min. E. longitude. At noon, as . we^rew near Ctpe Coronation, wefilw in a valley to the fouth a vad number of elevated objedls, from whenc« a great deal of fmoke kept ridng ail the day. Capt. Cook was of (pinion thcfe were a fingular foft of trees, being, as he thousht, too numerous to refcmble anjr thing elfe. Some low Isind under the Foreland was en- tirely covered with them. iThe wind having veered round to the fouth, we- tacked, and nr4t oft^BlNr thinking it fafe to approach the flioi«mir«tliirdtrk. We dflod inagidnatday-brcak, en the 24th, an^ at noon obTcrvcd in litimde at deg. 59 min. 30 fctrirXjipe' Coronatwn bearimr' wed, fdurh*>r|yi didant (event leagues, and tRe North Foivland fouth, ^S.d^. W.; At fiiui-fet we difcovwed a ' k>w land, lying Si S. E.' about feven milea from the Foreland, furraunded with (hoab and faicakenb Sunday the a jth, we dood to S. S. W. with a view of . gettiog'tnlsnd die Florriand, but aa wc advanced, we Mfceived man tow Me% b^ond tbi .eift alieady men- dwiadt WitHitMAireAoodioriieMdi, toloekl^ra riieft. We gataUdh^(m:e«Cf o'clock, MS (o Hcer out E. S. E. mi to fpend wttMeftawdcty. On the a6di, we ftrcuhcd ~ ' MfMkMl^lMant&deaiiKst Mid^dit MdiL i*B BM^ Mid llud to S. W. widi the hopai of wiid>«iMii^ mm twonUlo^hait. whkhoMigtd ^'^ -^ thfecrillkteofdi^inMi^ - 'V.bvN.toS.W.d« off me S. £ pointy S, byW, ipiift WIflMdifdtotecoancasdwidi d« Iu0 m tMMll ai— i Idh wnnithn ci till MtffHNK bcWMf wpos N. W, hn W. Mif iMwMS iiH^ lyiwal en leaoue*. long which AtnooK I'dock, wt vhich, and vith flxMb. which bore 9 land wu le reef to* Eadfecmed innce flat>> lieve, that €tan, Tee- fif.Vf.hy d up for a id but juft theprece* raoredan- ftemoon it of a great ■ not more utter were r little fer' •I. E. kept ren o'clock II to S. £i ligh^ and expedledljr I, at nooHi X leainiet. S. to E. S. >untry ap> leys. Wc bout three om ut Ave ore- The M fame af-; iourfelvet I, we flood N.7gdegw The coaft, the S, in e daf, waa t min. and n the S3d. It, beyond trcmity of lecn Chai^ i 6 min. S.' : noon, aa 1 valley to Hn whenc* ly. Capt. )ft of trees, *cinble anf nd was en- ing veered d offwnpt^ «tlirdtrk. th, and at I rcc;X4ipe> ant kvtit i.deg. W.' gSiS.Fj ndcd witb I a view of anccd, we lady men- loc*%ra tf o'clock, dtofpend eftrttched uidonthc * hopeHof f i^^i:. i J^:-,.?t- * r:^. 4«" #' :'^ •>, 'H^r Mt :?.. ..«'^ -* ** ■>* '••t ■\ -^ C/2 > C/2 ■•-:a*fl ^•mm hll I ' I! ; ! 'S't "rl.Jrj . % ''1^^^ il' *ji f ^,!i«ttff:"'n**^*r,-'»f*--:^f^=.?n!^t ^•' -lb, '}!' iv* .'nj. ■■:' y ,■..,. *.i J' < J • .... I : ky .>» U'T i. ..| f 1 t 'f ■ ii ^^9M|t i I \ ■^vi!; ^- *^„< • ,*,.;% :%|^; "^ ^^^ % u; '■t -MB '■^— ^tn.- «.». .% ,., . . . >■■ A ■ > T"f ;^' • ^; ^^Iv* -*" ""'"^ "^'^i^^iC'^^'^- ^■^, :.id.; ^1^'t. lAiik COOK'S SECb M D' VOTfi&E^for makitig DircoV^ries in the SiutA Sias Sc Rtiund the f^or/d. 1 79 brt>per for rpan, ot which wc were very much 11^ •'■"V Th< carpenter and hii crew, after dinner, Were, t^ afliore, to cut down fuch trees as would bed ahlWerour burpofe. While this work was dfting, Ca|M;. tbp'k UDK ,d(Hvn the bearii^ of the f<;veral circumjtt^ land*; kt: The hin on the ifle of oines bd^e 1^. 56 deg. JO "nin. E. dte low point of Quee'n.ChiiiiMtf^ fbKWid'ndrth 14' dw, ^p min. WT t)^e i}kh ]||nfl libovfr h, fecn over two tow iflei^ north. 20 de^:^. cm) the niolt advanced point bf land to this weft, bore W. half a point' S'. diiont feven leamies. Iliis point the cap;;m nuned the Prince of Wueiv Foitland. It tiet bun Idand by breaker*. The (kirttof this i'hwiVfre corned with the elevationa before mentioned, which had ^nuch the appetrahce of tall pl*et, iiidtherefok* the captain nwiKd the iflaiid from thewf. The roonfl hilt on the S. W. fide may be feen fcurteorltagueioff. Thi* Hie of pinea iinboiit athlle in circuit, m latitude «9 dak. 3« min- S- «•»<* '" ' *? deg. 40 «"•"• E. Having madetWo attempts to weather the ifland before fun-fet, *ith no better fiiccefs than before, we ftretchcd off (ill midnlrfit. On the a«th. at day-break, we found burfelvd reviWl leagues to windward of the ifle of PiiWt.' Thb dbaft fi'Am the 9. E. roiind by the footh to tht weft. i*e tM was ftrcw^ with fand banks, breakers, ahd fmall low ifle*. We ranged the outfide of thefe at nearly a iMoue Jiftsnce, and as we pafTcd fomc others •ripttrM sTo that they fcemcd to form a chain cxtend- InKto the ifles that lie off the Foreland, in the aftet- n<»n, we fteercd N. W. by W. with a fine gate at eaft. with a view of Ailing in with the land j but we difco- vered two low ifiots, bearing W. by S. They weit con- nefted by breakers, which fcemcd to jom thofe on our fhirboard « oix which accoum we found it neceffanr to haul off S. W. to get dear of them an. At three o'clock P. M. more brcdcers appeared. M(hich from the maft Head were fccn to extend as far as eaft-fouth j and from the fmoothncfs of the fca, wc conjedhired, that ihcy might alfo extend to the north-eaft ; fo that we were in a manner fiirroundcd with them. Having Tnad(* a fliort trip to N. N. E. we'ftood again to the fouth, and again had the alarming iight of a fea full of Ihoals. which we Could only clear by returning in the track we came before. Wc tacked again nearly in the fame place, and then anchored in a frrong gale, in a bottom of fine fand, having a chain of breakers to the IttevfiiVd. We fpcnt the night in making fliott boards «Ver the known J^accwehiid travertVd in the day ; but tinder the uncafy apprchehfioiis of bfcing in the moft thiminent danger. This waS very evident on the 29th, at day-light, which Ihewcd our fears were not ill- founded, having had breakers continually under our fee, and at a very little diftance from us. The people on the forccaftle and lee gangway, fa* breakers under the lee bow, which we avoided by quickly tacking. We now kept a good look out, and managed the Ihip brilkly, but after all the moft pnidcntial endeavours o^i our part, wc rauft afcribe glory to God. being fiilly convuiced, that we owed our fafety and prcfcrvation.to the Intcrpofition of a Divine Providence. Capi. Cook -j was now inclined to quit this dangerous coaft, but, how- ever, he rcfolved firlV to fee what thofe trees were, which had been the fuhjeA of our fpeculations. and concerning which many, contrary opinions had been nuintaineu. Befidcs. he thought the difcovery might be uiisful to future navigators. Being now but a few miles diftantfrom the low iflands lying off the Foreland, mentioned in our journal' on the 45tn inftant, we hire down to that which was ntarcft to us. As we ap- proached, wc perceived it was unconnected with the neighbouring (noals. and thought we might get to an- fch«r under its weft and lee fide. Having hauted there- fore round the point of the reef, wc attempted to ply p windward; but another reef to thci north, whicn fbrnwd a narrow channel, thmugh which ran a cuntfnt ^gainft us, rendered this attempt fruitlefs. Wc there- fore anchored in thirty-nine fathoms water, about a knik from the ifland, and having hoifted out the boat, ^t a party on (hore, acconmanicd by the bptaniftt, Who found the trees to be a fort of fpruce piiwsj'ye» srbper for fpars, of which wc were very much i^ WiW^ f in latitude 22 deg. ao min. S. and in 166 drg. $7 min. E. longitude: when firft feen above the horizon, by rcafba or'iu height, it looks like an ifland. The trub aireftlon of the coafl from the Foreland to this pdlnt; ha(l been afceruincd from fcveral bearings. On chi< fmall Ifle, which is not quite a mile m cir- cumifcrenc^, grew, befidcs the pines, a variety of other trees, fhrubs, and plants t and thefe having fiifliciently employed the botaniftn during our flay, on this account the captain named the little ifland iJotany Ifle. Wc nw here fcveral pigeons, duvei, and water-fnakca, dif- ferent fiom any we ji^q l^chs likcwifc a hawk of the fame kind as our E^glifh fifhing hawks. A number offirc-placcii. and Tome reqnain^ of turtle, were iignsof people having lately vilited this place. In the fand lay the wreck ofa canoe, cxadlly of the fame make as thofe we had feen at Balade; and wc no\y were convinced, that of thefe pines they made their canoes. Some of thefe trees mcafurcd 20 inches in diameter, were 70 t'cct long, and would have fervcd very well for a foremaft, had we wanted one. As trees of fo large a fize arc the produce of fo fmall a fpot. it is reafonable to fup- ppfe, that larger ones arc the growth of the main. This difcovery may be valuable to future navigators; for except New Zealand, we know of no ifland in the Pacific ocean, w here a fhip can be fupplied with a maft or yard, were Ihe ever fo niuch diftreffed for want of one. This was the opinion of our carpenter, who was both mafl-nukcr and fhipwright in IDeptford-yard. Thefe trees fhoot out their branches fmallcr and fhortcr than other pines, fo that when wrought for ufe their knots difappcnr. We obfcrved that the largeft had the flM)rtcft branches, and were crowned at the top w ith a head like a bufh. The wood is white, clofc i;rained, tough, yet light. Turpentine had oozed out of moft of the trecs^ which the fun had fomKd into rofin. This Was found adhering to the trunks, and laying about theroois. The feeds are produced in cones. We found here another fmall tree or flirub. ofthe fpruce fir kind: alio a kind of Icurvy-grafs, and a plant which, when boiled, cat like fpinnage. The purpofc being an- fwercd for which w*^ landed on this ifland, the cap- tain determined, not tp^ ^haziird the ftiip down to lee- ward, but to try to get to the fouihward ofthe thoals. The extent of this S. W. coaft had been already pretty veil determined; a more accurate furvey might beat- tended with great ri(k and many dangers; it vtas too late to let up and enijploy the frame of the little vefTcl we had on board, and mould the Refolution be henuneJ ih, we might by that means lofe the proper feafon for getting to the fouth ; thefe reafons induced thcCaptaia to make fomc trips to weather the flioals to the lee- ward of Botany Ifle. But when this was thought to be cficded. On Friday the 30th, at three o'ckxrk P. M. it fell calm, the fwell, aflifted by the current, fet us fafl tbwards'the breakers, which were yet in fight to the $. W. but at ten o'clock a breeze fpringing up. we fleered E. S. £. not venturing farther fouth till day light. , On Saturday pflobcr the ift, we had a very flrong wind at S. 3. W. attended by a great fea, fo that we had reafon to rejoice at.hAviiie'gpt clear ofthe fhoals befotv 'thiiigalc overtook uis. We were now obliged to ftrctcb to the S. E. and at noon were out of fight of land. On the ad, in the afternoon, we had little wind, and a great fwell i but at eleven, a frefh breeze fpringing up, we flood to the fputh. We were now in the latitude Qtiiieg. 1 8 min. and in 1 69 deg. 49 min. E. longitude. On the 3d, at eight o'clock A. M. we had a ftrong gale with fqualls from the S. W. and the Captain laid afidc all thoughts of returning to the land we had left. Nor fould fuch an attempt be thought a prudent one. ^I^en.wccopfider. that.we bad a vafl ocean yettoex- plyjretQtlieloutlisiiiat the (hip was already in want ofiie;;;clIary (lon^s ;, that fMmmcr was approaching very fikft, and that anv confiderable accident might detain us from purfuing the great objc& rf this voyage another year. Thus ncceflity compelled u$ to leave a coaft, for the firfl time, which wc had difcovcrcd, but not fully explored. l8o Capt. C O O K'a V O Y AGE 8 COMPLETE. tu; I I exptored. The capuin named it New Caledonia, and in his opinion, it it next to New Zealand, the largeft ilUnd in the South PaciAc Ocean. The extent it from latitude 19 deg. 37 min. to 33 dcg. .-)0 min. S. and From longitude 163 dcs. 37 min. to 167 deg. 14 min, E. It Iwi neariy nTw. half W. and S.E. half E. Mid ii about ft? Ingue* long, but its breadth does not any where exceed 10 leagues. It here mud be noted, that in the extent given to this ifland, it included the broken or unconneaed lands to the N. W. On Thurfday the 6th, we continued our courfe to New Zealand, with this view we (ailed S. S. E. havii^ a blowing frcfli gale, but at noon it fell calm. At this time we found ourfelves by obfervation, in latitude 17 deg. JO min. S. and in 171 dcg. ^3 min. E. longi- tude. During the calm, which contmued all this day, the carpenters were employed in caulking the decks. Thit wat done with vamifli of pine, coverra with coral fand, as they had neither pitch, tar, nor rofin left. The experiment with refpofl to the cement, fiir exceeded their expedationi. In the afternoon, two aibatroflct were ihot, which, at thit time, we thought equally good asRcefe. On the 7th a breeze fprung up, and fixed at S. E. by S. The day following we had a gentle gale, at- tended with fine weather. On the ath we were in latitude 28 deg. 35 min. and in 170 aeg a6 min. E. longitude. In the evening, Mr. Cooper (truck a por- poilc. It wat fix feet long, and a female, called by naturalifis the dolphin of the ancients, and which differs from the common porpoife in the head and jaw, which are long and pointra. This had 88 teeth in each jaw. It was fird foaked in water, then roafted, broiled, and fried. To us who had lone fublUled on fait meat, it was more than palauble ; and we thought the hafiet, and lean fle(h, a delicious feall. On the lothwedifcovered land, fituatedin latitude 39 dcg. 2 min. 30 fee. S. and in 168 deg. 16 min. E. longitude. Caut. Cook called it Noirolk Ifiand, in honour of the Howard family, who have the title of the duke of Norfolk. We anchored here in 33 fathoms water, on a bank of coral fand, mixed with broken (hells. After dinner, a pirty of us embarked in two boats, and landed on the idand behind fome laive rocks. It was uninhabited, and we were undoubtedly the firfi who ever fet foot upon it. We obfervcd many trees and plants common to New Zealand, particularly the flax plant, which grows very luxuriant here. We found in great abundance the fpruce pine trees, firaight and ull, and many of them as thick as two men could fathonn. The foil of thit ifland is rich and deep, the •woods pet fcdly clearfrom underwood,and for about.200 yards from the (hore, the ground is covered with (hmbs and plants. We found here many fea and land fowl, of the (anK kind as in New Zealand ; likcwili: cabbage- palm, wood-forrel, fow-thiftle, i> ing to us in Shag Cove > but when we landed, and drew neartotheir habitations, they all fled, except two or thre^ men, who maintained their ground, with their weapon* in their hands. The moment we landed they knew us, and their fears fubfided. Thofe who had fled returned from the woods, embraced us over and over ag^n. and exprelTed their joy at feeing us, by jumping and danciiig in a frantic manner t but the men would not fuflfer (ome women we faw at a dilhince to conne near us. We made them prefenu of hatchcu and knives, and in return they gave ut a quantity of fi(h they had jud caught. The next nwmiitt they brought ut more fifli, which they bartered for Otaneitean cloth. Wealked them on what account thev were afraid of us, and alfo what was become of our old friends ? To thefe quefliont we got no (atisfadlory anfwersi but thev talked much about killing, which wat varioufly underftood by us. On' Wednefday the 26th. fome of the natives went to the tents, and told our peq>le, that a (hip like oura had lately been lod, that fome of the men landed at Vanna Aroa, near Terrawhitte, on the other fide the drait; that a difpute happened between them and the natives t that feveral of the latter were fliot 1 and that the natives got the etter of them when they could fire no longer, and both killed and ate them. One of the relators of this drange ttie, faid it was so or 30 days aco; but another (aid it Mas two moons fincc^ and. deteribed, as well as he could, in what manner the (hip wat beat topiecei. The following day they told the fame dory to othert, which made the captain, and i»i. deed all of ut, very uneafy about the Adventure, but when the captain enquired himfelf, and endeavoured to come at the truth of thefe rcporu, the very people who raffed them, denied every fy liable of what they had ^id^ and feen^d wholly ignorant of the matter; (b that w^ t.»m to. think tKe whole relation had reference only to their own pcofde and boau. On the aSth,^ again went on diore. but found no appearance of the BSSI •nd fowit we had left behind. Having been a (hoduqg to the wed biff, in our tetum we got fome filh from the QBtivea ToOl?nECONDVOY AGE— for maklri:,' Di/ceDerift in the South Seas & Round the fVorJJ. i 8 1 iwtivei for a few triHini^ prcfentt. A> we came buck, fomc of the party thousht they hcird a pig fqiioak in the wooili. We Ihot tnii clay a|;ood many wilii fowl and fiiMll bird*. On the 31ft, it was fomewhat re-^ markabic that all the natives left us. Tuefday, the 1 ft of November, wc were vifited by a number of ftrangen, who came from up the fotmd. I'hc principal article of trade they brou{^ht with them was green ftone, fomc of which were the largeft pieces vc had ever fcen. On the 3d, a large black fow was fcen by the botanizing party, which we dilcovered to be the fame that Capt. r'urncaux left behind him. Suppoling it to be a boar we carried over to Long Idand a fow, but feeing o«ir miftake, we brought her back. This incident afforded us foine hopes, that this ifland in time will be ftockcd with fuch ufcfiil animals. Lieutenant PickerfKiil was told the fame ftory by one of the na- tives, of a Hiip having been loft, but the man de- clared, though many people were killed, it was not by them. On the cth, we ol)taincd a fcafonabic and plentiful fupply of fifti from our old friends. Early in the morning Cajit. Cook, accompanied by Mr. Sparr- man, and the Mcflrs. Forftcrs, embarked in the pin- nace, and urocecdcd up the found, in order to difcovcr a piilTagc that way out to fea by the S. E. Wc were met by fome fifhemien, who all declared, there was no ytalFage by the head of the found t and foon after four men in a canoe concurred in the fame opinion, con- lirming what the others had faid, but they gave us to iinderftand, that there was fuch a paflagc to the eaft. We therefore laid alide our firft delign of going to the head of the found, and proceeded to this arm of the lea, on the S. E. fide, which is about five leagues above the ifle of Mortuara. Within the entrance, at a place called Kotieghenooee, we came to a large fcttlemcnt of the natives. Their chief, Tringo-bohec, and fomc of his attendants had lately been on board the (hip, by whom we were received with great civility j and theft people encouraged us to purluc the objcdl we had in view. Wc therefore continued our courfe down this arm of the fea, E. N. E. and E. by N. having a view of feveral fine coves, which wc pafled, and at length we found it open, by a channel about a mile wide, into the ftrait. A ftrong tide ran out, and we had ob- fcrved another fetting down the arm. Near four o'clock P. M. this tide cealed, and was fuccccdcd by the flootl. The outlet lies S. E. by E. and N. W. by W. from Terniwhitte. A little within the entrance, we found thirteen fathoms water; but, from its fituation, it fccmed necellary to have a trading wind either to go in or out of this channel 5 but having determined to return on board before night, we had not tiinc to make other ncccffary obfervations. Wc faw a Hippah, or ftrong hold, about two miles within the entrance, built on the north rtde, which we omitted vifiting, though the inhabitants made figns for us to come on Ihoie ; but, without paying any regard to them, we made the bcft •I our way for the ftiip, and returned on board about ten o'clock, bringing with us a few fifli and birds; among which laft were fomc ducks wc had ftiot, of the fame kind as ihofe in Dulky Bav. The natives knew thcfc, and feveral other fons. by the drawings, and had a particular name for each. On Sunday, the 6th, our old friends returned, and I took up their abode near the tenit. An old man, named Pedi-ro, made Capt. Cook a prcfcnt uf a ftalf of h»"— The Re/olulMH departs from Chriflmas Sound— Douiles Cape Htm— Her parage- tbimgbfirait UMaire, and round Stolen Ifland— A harbour in this ifle difcovered—The coafls de/criied— Geographical utjcrvatms—Remayki on ijlands, and the animals found in them, near Staten Land—Departurefrm Staten ifland— Nau- ticat obfervations— The fland of Georgia difccvered, and a defcripiive account of the fame. npHURSpAY.Nov. 10, at day-break, weweighed VT ^" , ?"?* ^"^ ^i^"^ Charlotte's Sound, in ^fewZ«land, having a fine breeze at W, N. W. All No, 31, our fails being fet, we got round the Two Brothers, arid ftretched for Cape Campbell, at the S. W. entrance of the ftrait. We pafled this at four o'clock P. M. diftant a Z five 'a kII m kII \$- If 1 ' 1 1/ 1 1 H 1 h .^il i 1 . 4' Kl ■■r." 1 M;i 1 i8s Ave Icaguci, uid thtv. <\ttni $. S. B. half E On the nth, at fevcn o'clock P. M. ^pe Pkllil^r bore N. half W. diftafit Ihteen lea^uei, from which Cape, for the third tiine, wc took our departure. We new ftecred S. by E. in drdcr to get into the latitude of j4 or 5 ( deg. Capt. Cook'i intention being to crofi thii valt ocean in thefc parallel, hoping by this courfc to pafi over thofe paru, which, the precedins fummcr, were left unexplored. On the lath, A. NlTwe were in la- titude 41 deg. 13 min. 30 fee. S. and in 176 deg. 41 inin.E. fongitude, whcnwefaw an uncommon fith'tt'che whale kind ; and, in the afternoon, the Pintado i'e- terels began to appear. On the nth, at fcvcn in the evening, ue hauled up toward* a log bank, which we took for land 1 after which wc ftecred S. K. by S. and faw a feal. At noon, by obfervation, wc found Our latitude to be 44 deg. 3$ min. S. longitude 177 deg. 31 min. E. On the 14th, we faw another fcal in tititude 45 deg. 54 min. and 179 deg. 29 min. K. long. On the 1 5 th, having palTcd the great merid i.nn of 1 8odcg. E. which divides the globe into two equal parts, we be- gan to reckon our longitude weft of Greenwich. At noon our latitude obfcrved was 49 deg. 33 min. longi- tude 1 7j deg. 3 1 min. W. On "1 hurlilay the 1 7th, wc faw a (eal, fome penguins, .ind pieces of fca weed. On the 1 9th we were in latitude 53 deg. 43 min. .ind on the 20th, at noon, in latitude 54 deg. 8 miii. longi- tude 162 deg. 18 min. W. Monday, the 21ft, we fteered S. E. by S. and at noon wc faw abund»nce of blue petercis, in latitude 55 deg. 31 min. longitude i6o deg. 29 min. On the :2d, at noon our latitude by ob- fervation was 55 dig. 48 min. longitude 156 dig. 56 min. W. In the afternoon, having a light brcc/.e at S. S. E. we ftecred caft, northerly ; and, in the night, uas a faint appearance of the Aurora .Vuftralis. On the Bjd, we were in latitude 55 deg. 46 min. .S. longitude 156 deg. 13 min. VV. when a trcfh gale bkw from the weft, and we fteered now E. half N. Oii the 26th, we were in latitude 55 deg. 8 min. S. and in 148 deg. 10 min. W. longitude. On Sunday, the 27th, wc ftecred caft, having a fteady'frcfti gale; and at noon, were in latitude C5 deg. 6 min. S. and in 138 deg. 56 min. W. longitude. In this parallel, not a hope remained of finding any more land in the fouthern PacificOcean. Weretolved therefore to ftcer for the weft entrance of the ftraights of Maghellan, with a view of roafting the fouth lide of Terra del Fuego, round Cape Horn, to the Strait Lc Maire. We tnought this track might be an ad- vantage to navigation and geography, as the world is little acquaintcowith that fhore. In the afternoon we had fqually weather, which carried away our top-gal- lant maft. On the a 8th A. M. the bolt rope of the main top-fail broke, whereby the fail was fplit. The ropes, to our fquarc fails efpecially. are not of a lize and ftrength fufficient to wear out the canvafs. At noon we were in latitude 55 deg. 20 deg. S. and in 134 dec. 16 min. W. longitude. On the 29th, the wind abated ; and on the 30th, at 8 o'clock P. M. the wind veering to N. E. wc tacked, and ftood to E. S. E. Wc were now in latitude 55 deg. 22 min. S. and in 128 deg. 4$ nun. W. longitude. Sc\cral albatrolFcs and petercis Were fccn. On Thurfday, the ift of December, at 3 o'clock P. M. it fell a calm, but at about feven, we got a wind at S. E. w ith w hich we ftood N. E. On the 5th, a line pale at ff)Uth, enabled us to fteer caft. with very little deviation to the north ; and the wind now altering to S. W. and blowing aft eady gale, we continued to fteer eaft, inclining a little to fouth. At Ttx o'clock in the evening, we v\ere in latitude 53 -^g* ^ min. and in 1 1 5 deg. 58 min. W. longitude. On the 6th, we had fome fnow fhowers ; and on Wednefday, the 7th, a fine plcft- fant gale, with fhowers of rain. On the oth, at noon. We found ourfelves by obfervation, in latitude 53 deg, 37 iTun. and in 103 deg. 44 min. weft longitude. The wind veered now to N. E. and afterward«, came infen- libly round to the foutii by the E. and S. E. On the I oth we paiTcd a fmali bed of fea weed, in latitude 54 , deg. longitude 102 deg. 7 nita. W. On the i ith, wc fteered E. half a point N. and on the i jth, at fii in the evening, we were in latitude jj deg. 35 min. Umi- gitudc 95 deg. 5 2 min. W. Many and various liwtHof albatrofrn were hoverina about the fliip. On Mundav, the nth, we had a calm which continued till mid- night, when a breexe from the fouth fixing at weft, we fteered eaft. On the ^4th, in the morning, we found the variation of the compafi to be 13 deg. 35 min. K. in latitude 53 deg. 25 min. kingi'Mdc 87 dig. $3 min. W. which increafcd in I'ucha manner, that on the 1 5th, in the latitude of 53 deg. 30 min. longitude 82 deg. 2 j min. W. it wai 170 E. 'This day wc faw a |xnguini and on the i6th, a fcal, and fome diving petcreU. On Saturday the 17th, the variation incrcaled to 21 deg. 38 min. being in latitude 53 deg. 16 min. S. and in 75 deg. 9 min. weft longitude. All this day wc fteered caft by north, and eaft half north, under all the fail* wc could carry, in hopes of feeing the land before night t but not making it till tcno'cl(K.k, we fteered ealV, in order to make fur« of falling in with Cape De- feada. Atniidnight wc made thelaml.cxiendiMg liom .V. E. by N. to E.by S. about fixicagues diftant ; u)X)n feeing which we brought to with the fhip's head to the fouth. Having founded, we found fevcntv-five fathoms water, the bottom good. The land before us we < oiicIudeJ to be the welt coaft of Terra del Fuego, near the \ulk entrance of the ftraights of Maglu-Ilan. This beitiK the firft run made by Capt. Cook in a high fouthern la. titude, ue have been very particular in noting all the material circumftances we could colled tcgrtner. In this couric the weather had been neither unufually ftormy, nor cold. Before we arrived in the latitude of 50 deg. the mercury in the thermometer fell gradu- ally from fixty to fifty ; and in the latitude of 5 5 deg. it was generally l)etween fbrty-feven and forty-live; once or twice it fell to forty-three. Thclic ohlcrva- tions were made at noon. Wc had now entirely left the fouthern Pacific CXrean, and we tnift the world will give our captain fome credit for having well ex- Klored the fame j nor could, in our opinion, more have rcn done towards obtaining that end, in one voyage, than h.is been cffedled in this. We muft not omit to obferve, that foon after we left New Zealand, Mr. Wales contrived, and fixed up an inftrument, which mcafiired with giv.it accuracy, the angle the ftiip rolled in, when failing large, and in a great fea ; and that in which
liriitciunn hail (lirdivcrtti tlic il.iy hclbri-. IT romiiiLf trom (i.i, it ii iifi vdarv ti) liMvc all the riKki ami ill.iiuN, !> in^ otl nnd Mithitt York MinlKr, on thi- larlHianl-lKli', iiii.l the W.Kk rrxk, olK the foiuh-rnil of Shaj; Kl.uul, im tin- |hrl)«iaiil. Wlu-n ahrtaH n» iho foiith-ciul ol that illaml, Mthaiiiiil t)viT (or the \w(l (liorc, taking laro to avoid the hiilx of « ceili, itulicationi iit r«K k», Ionic of which Wire li fathomi umkr -vatcri but wi- thoiifjlu it the fa fell wav always to keep clear of them. 'I he entrance into the larf;e harliour, which wc called Poit Clerk, is to the north of fomc low rw ks, lyiiii!; oil a point on SIur Illanil. This harlioiir lies in \V . by S. a mile and a half. Ir hath wiwd and frefli water, and from 12 to 14 fathoiiKs deep. To the fouthward of port Clerk, feeined to be another harbour, l<)riiicil by a lar^^c illand ; without this, between it and York MinlUr, the whole fea appeared Ihewed w ith illots, roi ks, anvi breakers. At tlic fouth end o( Sha),' Ifland the lliaj^s breed in vaft numbers, in the cliU's of the roi ks. VVe fliot fomc of the old ones, but could not come at the young ones, whjch arc bv much the b»ll caring,. We likew ifc brought dow n three w ild geefe, a raluable acqui- fition at this tmie. \\'e returned and got on board at feven o'clock in the evening. Mr. I'ickerlgill, who had jufl l)efore arrived, inlormed us, that the landoppolite loourllation is an illand j that on another, more to the north, he found many terns eggs; and inaearcd to be of the fame r.uion, wc h.iii formerly fccn in Succefs Bay; and which M. de Hmigainvillc calls Pecharas, bccaufe they con- tinuiUy ui'ed thi.s word. They are a diminutive, ugly, half-rtarveil, beardlefs race; almoft naked, being only lliihtly covered with a feal-lkin or twojoined together, lb as to make a cloak, which reached to their knees ; but thegreatttV part of them had but one Ikin, which fcartelv covered their Ibouldcrs, and all their lower t)arrs were quite naked. The women arc clothed no letter than the men, except that they cover their nakcd- nels with a feal-lkin H.ip. They arc inured from their infan( y to cold and luirdiliips, lor wc faw two young chililien at the breall entirely naked. They remained all the tmie in their canoes, having their bows and ar- rows with them, and haipiwns, made of bone, with which wc imagined, they llrike and kill fifli. Both they and their cloaths finclt niofl intolerably of train oil. Wc threw them fome bifcuit, but they fccmcd inuch better pleafed with our prefents of medals, knives, &c. Their canoes were made of bark, and on each of them was a lire. They had alfo large fcal hides, which may fervc is covering to their huts, on iliore, in foul weather. Tlu y all departed before dinner, nor did wc believe, any one invited them to partake of our Chriftmas cheer, which confillcd of gcefe, roalV and boiled, goofc-pyc, ivc. a treat little known to us; and which was heightened by Madeira wine, the only article of our provifjons that was mended by keeping. Pqr- I haps our liiendj in l'",iigland did mif ofihol'e filthy people, and by ibe (Kin h the) always tarried about them. Wc called this place Chrillmas Sound, in ho- noiirof the day, and the joyful tWlival wc had cr hbrainl here. On the jfith, wc wcre.igain vilitcd by fome of the natives, and as it was vefy i old in the evening, and thrv 'h)ol lliivering on tht deck, the i aiitain lioiii an impulleof humanity, gave thcin fon»c old canvas and Iwi/e ((»r covering. On Tiulday the ayth, every thing on (liort: was or- dered on U)ard. '!"he weather Ixing (ine and plcal'ant, aoartynl us went round by the lotith lide of tiool'c Kland aiul picked 110 )i of thcic kind of birds. On the call- lide of the illand, 1 1 thcnoith of the call point, Is a good pIa(T for (hips to lay in thut are bound lor the well. When we returned o'l Ihurd, we (()und all the work doni-, and the laiimh in, fo that we no.v only waited lor a fair wind to put to lea. Thecntr.incc of Chrlllinas Sound, whn h vie exin> ftil loon to ItaVe, IS three leagiies wide, and fiiiunted in latitude 51; deji;. 2-) min. S. and in 70 deg. i6min. W. longituile 1 in the direction of north _{•/ dig. W. from Si. JldelonUi nil s, ilillant I o leagues. We think thefe illcs to be the l)t U land mark (or (inding the found. It is advifeabic (or no one to anchor very near the (bore, (or we gene- rally (bund there a rocky bottom. The rel'rellinuius to be procureil at this place are wild ll)wl, very good celery; and plenty of mufcles, not larpc, but well tailed. The gecfe are fmaller than our I'.nglilli tame ones, but eat as well as the bell of them. The gander is all white; the female fpottcil with black anil wliiie, with a large white Ipot on each wing. Here is alii) a kind of duck, vvhii h our people called the race-horfe, on account of its fwiftnels on the water, (or the wings be- ing too lliort to fupport the liody in the air, it i annot (ly. We believe, (roin certain circumltanccs, the peo- ple do not live here throughout the whole of the wiiuer- (calon, but retire to parts where the weather is Icf* (cvere. To appearance, they arc the moll wictilKd of all the natives wc have fccn. Thev live in an inhofpi- table clime, and do not feem to have fagncity enough to proviile thcmfelves with the comlorts of life, parti- cularly in the article of cloathing. Barren as this coun. try is, our botanills found therein many unknown ])lani>. In the woods is the tree which produccth the winter's bark ; alfo the holly-leaved barberry ; and jilenty of berries, whii h we called cranberry; with many other forts comiiu>n in ihefe llraits. On Weilnefday the 28th, we failed from this found, with a light luee/cat N. W. At noon Point Nativitv, being the call |)art of the found, bore N. hall W. dil- tant one league and a half. M'c lleered S. I',, by E. and I'.. S. v.. till (bur o'clock, P. M. w hen wc hauled to the fouth, lor the fake of a nearer view of St. Ildcfonlb. The coall appeared indented as iifual, and at this tiiiu; wc were abreall of an inlet lying I*".. S. K. At the well [joint of this are two high peaked hills, and below tlicm, to the call, two round ones, or fmall illes, in the iluec- tion of N. K. and S. W. from each other. At halt pall five o'clock, we had a good light of IMetonlb Illes. Thefe are (ituatcd about (ix leagues from the main, in latitude 55 deg. 53 min. S. and in 69 ikg. 41 min. NV . longitude. We now rcfumcd and continued our 1 ourfc to thecal^. At fun-fctthc ncarell land bore S. I„by I., three fourths E. and the well point ofNallhu U.u, dif- covered by Admiral Hermite in if) 24, bore 1101 th 80 deg. E. (ix leagues diflant. This jioinr, in fome < iiart», is called Falfe Cape Horn, as being the foiitlu rn (xunt of Terra del Fuego. It lies in latitude 5 ; deg. (v "im. S. From the above mentioned inlet to this (aile i ape, the diredUon of the coall is nearly E. hall a point S. dillant 14 or 15 leagues. On the 29th, at three o'clock .'* . M. wc (leered S. I-"., byS. at four Cape I lorn, (or which we now made fail, bore E. by S. at a didancc it is known by a round bifh hill over it; and though to the V\'. N. W. there is .t point not unlike thij, yet their lituation.s will always btt lit J li' ( n W-'?^ Hk i '4 I ■ ll If mim (1 !i;-W 1 / '1 ttii ii ■ if '1 ir ?;. < I'li .f >f! ■- i,»' ^ f! jsi 1 '^"^^.'"m^ l\>y. •(.' '■ >,t; tat M - C/1 ^ i; ^ 1 _? > > ■N k * 'V' O i' -% >• /^ v"i r »l ■« 'o 75 uA t 1.1 it ' %: COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— tor mMng Di/ioveri,-j in the Sout/jScas & Round the IVortJ. j 8 j be fufficient to diftinguifh the one from the other. At half part fcven we palfcd this cape, and entered the Southern Atlantic (Xean. Two peaked rocks are on the N. W. fide of the cape, refembling fugar loaves ; alfo other low ftraf?};linff rocks to the weft, and one fouth of it. From Chriftmas So*md to this Cape, the courfc is E. S. K. one fourth E. dirtant 31 Icaj^uw. The rocky imint three leagues from Cape Horn, in the direction E. N. E. we called Miftakcn Cape. It is the fouthern txiint of the eaftcrnmort of Hermite Klos. There ieenjcd to be a padage between thcll- two capes into NafTau Bay. In this paflage fome iflcs were fc-cn, and on the wcrt fide, the coaft had the appearance of forming good bays and harbours. In fome charts Cape Horn is laid down as part of a linal! illand, which we had not in our power to confirm or comradii!:t, as th* hazy weather londcrod every objei-'t indiftinct. From hence we fteered E. by N. half N. without the rorks that lie off Miftaken Cape. Having palfid thofe, we rteered N. E. half E. and N. !•'.. tor Strait le Maire. At eight o'clock in the cvcniii;;. finding oiirfelves nr.\t the Itrait, we fliortened fail, and hauled the wind. The fugar-loaf on Terra del Fuc>;o l»ore north w\ deg. W. the |ioint ofSucccfs Bay jull open of the cape ot rtie fame n.une, bearing north 20 deg. F". On the .}oth, during the calm, we were driven by tl c current over to Staten IjiuI ; b' •. a light bree/.c fpringing up at N. N. W. we (lood over for .Succcfs Bay. We hoi(lcd our colours, and having lu'f )re firrd two guns, we perceived a fmokc rif • ou": of the wrtoiis, Mude by then.itives above the fouth point of the lny, which was the plnce where they rcfideil wlu-n we were here in 1769. A party was now fent into .Sucrefs B.iy, in order todifcovcr if any traces of the .\dvfnture were to be feen there ; but they returned without having found any. Oiir Ihip's name, ivc. were written on a card, and nailed to a tree which llooil near the place where it was likely the Aiheniurc would water, fliould flic be behind us, and put into this place. When Mr. Pickcrfgiil landed, the natives received him and his aolfciates with great courtcfy. They were clothed in feal Ikins, had bracelets on their arms, ;.nd ajipcarcd to be the fame kind of people we had ken in Chrilbnas Sound. The bracelets were made of lilvcr wire, wrought fomcwhat like the hilt of a fword, and no doubt, the workmanlhip of an J'.unipean. .Aci dniing to Vfr. Fickerfjriir.s rci>orr, the hay w.as full of while- uul feals, and we had ohfervcd the Catne in the llrair, p.ir- ticularly on the Terrel del Fuego fide, where the w hales are exceeding numerous. H.ivmg now explored the fouth coall of Terra del I-ucgo, we refolved to do the fame by Staten l.and. At nine oMock rhewin.l veering to N. W. wc t.i< ked, and rtooil to S. W. On Saturday the 3 ill in the morn iig, we Ix)it up foithecaft cud olStaten Land; which, ar half p.ill four iKire f«)uth 6ode<.v F. the weft end fouth : deg. F.. an J I'l ira del Fuego ii)urh 40 deg. W. The weather being ha/y, we couUl only now and then get light oF the coal! ; but as wead's.mced to the rail, feveral illands were fien ot' iuu\|iial extent. We were abreaft of the moft eallern one at eight o'clock, .\. .M. wlim we waited ti)n)e time for dear Wv-ather : but .is it f'ld not clear up as we wilhed, we hauled round the eait end ot the ifland, for the fake of aiu horage, if we Ihould think it neiclFary. We were now dillaiir trom the iflc two miles, and founding timnd only :.; fathoms water. As wc continued our courJe, wt fa« on this ifland a gre.it number ot feals ami birds, a Itrong temptation to our iK-opIc whi) were in want offielh provifionsi and in hauling round it, we had a llrong ra( e of a i iirrent, like unbroken water. At length, alter filhing lorthe'bcft ground, wc (aft anchor in : t fathoms water, about a mile from the illaml, whieh extended from north iS d.-g. E. to N. 55 deg. and halfW. The weather .laving foon after cleared up, we had a fight of i ape St. John, or the cart end of Staten Land, bearing fouth 75 dog. E. diftant four leagues. Ihe ifland Iheltered u» from the north wind, and Staten Land from the UKith. The other ifles lay to the weft, and fecured us from the north wind ; yet wc were not only own to the N. F-. and V.. but to the N. W. winds. We might have avoided this fituation, by anchoring more to the weft, but the Captain was dcdrous of being near the illand, and of having it in his |>owerto get to fea with any wind. In the afternoon a large party of us land- ed, fome to kill feals, and others birds or filh. The iftand was fo ftocked with the former, which made fuch a continual bleating, that wc might have thought our- felves in Effex, or any other country where cows and calves are in abundance. Upon examination we found thcfc animals different from feals, though they refein- bledthcm in Ibiipc and motion. The male having a great likencfs to a lion, we called them on that account lioss. Wc alfo found of the fame kind as the New Zealand feals. and tliefe we named fea-bears. We ftiot fome of the large ones, not thinking it fafe to go near them ; though, in general, they were fo tame, iliat we knocked fome down with our ftii ks. Here were a few gcel'e and ducks, and abuiulanre ot penguins and fti.igs i the latter of which had joung ones ahnoil" fledged, confeiiutntly '\\\\\ to our tafle. In the even iij.' ourpartv rcuirned fuf^itien.ly laden with proMtions uj various ibrts. On the I fl of January, being Sunday, Mr. Gilbert was fent out to Staien Lmd, in fearch of . .^ a goiKl harbour, nothing morelifing want- ' ' ' '^' ing, in the opinion of ("aptain Cook, to make this place a good port for fbip.i to touch at for rclrelluiunts. Another party went to bring on bnjid the lieafis wc Iwd killed the preceding day. l he old lion* aiij beaiTi were good lor nothing but their blubbei, ot'whu li we made odi but the tiefh ol'lhe yoiini; ones wc liked xery well: even the Helh of the old lionelici was not much amil's; but that of the old iiuilcs was ah 1- iiiinable. Captain Cook took an (bleivation of the fun's meridian altitude (his height at noon) at the N. E. end of this illand, which determined Its latitude at 54deg. 40min. 5 fee. S. Havin;^ llmt a few gecic, lijme other birds, and fuppliedouri'clvesplentifully with young ftiags, wc returned on board in the evening. About ten 01 lock the party rtttirned from Staten l.and, where they t()und a good port, in the direction of north, a little callerly, from the N. E. end of the FjOern Illand. and diftant three leagues t ) tiic well- ward of Cape St. John. The marks whereby it may be known, arc fomcfmall iflands lying in the entrance. The channel, which is on the call fide of thefc iflands, IS half a mile broad. The courfe is in S. W. by S. turn- ing gradually to W. by S. and W. The harbour is almoll two miles long, and near one broad. The bottom is a mixture of mud and fand, and hath in it from I o to 50 fathoms water. I lere are feveral Ilrcams of fredi water, with good wood for fuel. On this illand are an innumerable number of fea-giills, the air was quite darkened with them, upon being difturhed oyour people ; and when they rofe up, wc were almofl fuf- loAted with Uieirdung, which they feeined to emit by way of defence; and it Hunk worfe than what is vul- garly called Uevil's-duni'. This port was named New- Year's Harbour, fmm tiie day on wliich it was dif- ( overcd,and is ceininly a v inlets aiul illands, may be compared to the loall of Nor«a\ i tiir we believe wiihin the extent of three leagues there is an inlet or harlwiir, which will re- ceive and llKliir the liift rale lliips ; but, till thefe .ire belter know 11 cm ry navigator iiuill, as it were, lilh lor anchorage: add to this, there are feveral roiks on thecoall; though a» none lie (ar from land, the ap- proach to iluiu niay 111- l.nown by founding, if they cannot be Iceii; fo that u|)en the whole, we cannot think thi^ the dangcrocs mall it has been reprefented by other sova-'ieis. Staii'ii land is thirty miles in length, and neaiK twelve broad. Its furfaee eonlillsofcraj'gy hills, touring up to a v.ilt height, efpccially near the well end, ami the coall is rotky. 'Ihe grcatell part ol tlie hills, theii luiiiiuiia excepted, is covered with tieis ihriibs, and herbage. We cannot fay any thing, that navigators iiiav dcpenil on, concciniiig the tides and tiirrents on thel'e coalls ; but we oblerved ilut in Strait l.e \I; b) keeping out to li.i, ihiy vouKl avoid the cuncnts. whuh, we are coiuiin cd, lofc their ftiice at twelve Icaguis tiom land ; aiul at .1 greater d;llaiue they would (ind none to iinpide tlicir coinfe. We woulil jull atld to thefe nautii ai oblirva- t;on>, that all the time of our being upon the loall, we had I'loie calms than (lorms ; the winds were v.uiahle ; nor ilkl we i\i-.erieiKe any feverecold weather. 'Ihc mercurv in the thermometer, at nocm, wa^ never below /)ti deg. and iluring our llav inlhrillmas Sound, it vv.i^ gciierallv aliove temperate. The illand we landed on, ami the fame mav be fait! of tlic ncighliouiing illes, is very unlike Staten land. lt> furfaee i-. ofei.|ual height, having anelevationoi iliiii\ or tortv feet above the lea, from whuh it is fceiired by a rockv eoall. It is toveied with fword i;iafs, ol a beautiful ver.lure, and of great kiigth, growing in tulis, on li;t!e hiilorks. .Among ihife are ihetrackN cil fea bears and penguins, by wlmh ihcy retire into the tentre of the ille. 'Ihtfc paths rendered our ex- lurfifliis rather difagreeable. for wc were foiuetimcs up 10 our knce< in iiurc. Indeed the whole furfaee i» nioill and wit. I he animals on thisJittle fpot are fea lions, fea biars, a variety ol Ua low Is, and fomc land birds. 'I'lie largell lion we law was liiurteen feet long, and eight or ten in cireumlerence. The back of tlie head, the net k aiul Ihoulders, arc covered vtith long hair, like tholi of the lion ; the other p.iris a Imoii, rcfemlilc iv.inll vurlews. Their piimag.' is vane.. gainl, tlieir bills long and crooktd, .i;h1 t'leir j)riiH i- j.al loiours ;iie light grev . Ml tlie aiiiii.als ol this iuiie Ipi I live in p( rieci hanuoir. , and I'd 111 laicful not to iliiliirb e.ii h other', trani|u.lli;y. The fea lions pcilltis Uioll of the fea loall j the bears tike up their tjuarteis within the ille; the flags lodge in [he hij'.ialt: ilill>; the [Hiiguins liavi tluii fei'aiate abode where tlicie i.> the moll caly comii.uiiit ation to and liom the fea ; ami the otlur bints have their plates of leCiie- mi nt ; yet we have obtirved tlum all, with muMal iv.-oiu li. nieiu, mi.\ togetlur, like ilomellie cattle ami poiiltiv in a larm-vaul: nay we have fecii il-.e t.ig! ?s .iiul vukure-. li:r:ng together aiioiig tie llwgi, tin iluir liillo' ks, without the lattr;-, either young 01 oKi, beiii;; dilU ilkd at llieir prcfeiii c. It will be icMiemlKieil, that wc left Staten llland on the jti, and this day, being W cilnefday the .jth, we faw tl-,e lanti again, at three oclock A. M. and at ti\ i)'..lcn. k in the atternoon a heavy Kjuall came lo fuddeniy upon us, that itcarrietl away a to])-gallant-mall, a lliulding- fail boom, anil a tore lludding-fail. This endeil in a heavy ihower of rain; and we now fleercl S. W. in order to dikovcr the gulph of St. .Seballian, if fuch a eoall ixilteil, in w hu h that gulph h.-is been lepiefenied, Itirof till, we ( iitiitained a doubt; however, this ap- peared to Ik- the bell courfe to t lear it up, and tf> ex- plore the liiuthern part of thisotean. On the ^tli.by obfervation, we were in l.'.titude c,- deg. 1) iiiiii. and 5 tleg. : m:n. b'.. longitude from Cape St. John. Cw the 6th, at eight o'clock in the evening, we were in lati- tutle 5S deg. 9 min. S. and « j deg. t .) iii'ii. W . the litiiation, nearlv. alTigned for the S. \\ . point of the gulph ol St. .Seballian ; but feeing no ligns of land, wc were Hill tloiilitliil of itscxillcBti ; and fetig alio tear- ful, that bv kte()ing to the louili, we might mils the laml fiidto be difcoveretl bv l.a Koche in i()7s,and by thelhip I I in, in 175,6 ; liir ifele realoi'.s we i-.auled tO the north, in onlcr to get into the parallel laid ilown by Dalrvniple as loon as poliibie. On the ;ih, we were, ncai midnight, in the latitude ol :i> deg. 4 min. S. longitude 5_< tltg. ■{(> min. W. On ilie Sth, at noon, a be.' f fca-wetd palletl the thip ; ami in the afternoon we were in latitude cj deg. 4 min. longitude 51 ileg. 45 min. On Mondav, the t^ih, we taw a fcal, and fea-wttd. On the loih, t twooV'ofk A. M. we Ixirc away call, and at eigiit 1.. N. \i. At noon, by obfer- vation. we were in latitude C4 deg. jj nun. S. and in 47 deg. 56 min. W. longitude. We had at this time a great tuunbvx 0] albaiiolfts and blue petereis about the f- ftip. illii's ; lor L' up ilu-ir t wlitn wc ay. 'Ihii iiphibioi: ' doMd .1:i ; Mi»i vciy .11 in uuiic ncs. Here ncils near : a fiiialL-r the rocks. Chiilhiias inoifc ex- )!' the fort Ih'iI tliirty tern, I'ort (.jooil cat- l.iiul birds .idcil vul- iirds. 'I'wo ■ our n;mi- I pluiiiaj^c :n uc tirrt? •r fimw pc- md lolour. ily to their ly pick lip Jis a Ikiuii, • IS \arii.'.- Kir j>riiu i- ..ils oi this Mil (aitliil R' I'tM lions ke vp their ihc-lii-JKlf jode « here d iVoin the ■s ol' retire- vith iiiiitiial c cuitle and II tl'.e i.i(;l(?s (^'!, nil liieir I old, being .*n I (land on .|th, Me law II li\ I)'', loi. k .Ideiiiy ujion a l\iuldiiig- , ended in a el S. W. ill in, it liieh a rcinelenied, er, this ap- 1, and to cx- 11 the nth. by 1) iiim. and [ohn. C.i\ the- «cie in lati- lu'ii. \V. the [oint ol' the isot' land, \\c :^\^)I, alio t'car- lijllu mils the I 167s, and by ue haiiied ti> i laid d(i\\n by ■;lh, v\e were, v^. 4 nun. S. iih, at noon, a the arteinoon ;itude 51 dej;. \v a leal, and A. M. we bore oon, by ob'er- iiiin. S. and in dat this time a ;ert!s about the h' 'M' (.!■ .'-'I -- :1 I m 'A^, - COOK'i SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcovcries in the SoutliSeas Sx. Round the lyorld. 1 87 ii " \ (hip. Wc now (leered due eslli and on the nth, were in latitude 54 deg. 38 min. longitude 4$ dcg. 10 min. W. On the 1 ath, being Thurfday, we (leered call northerly; and at noon obfervcd in latitude 54 dcg. 38 min. S. and in 43 deg. 8 min. W. longitude, which is near \ dcg. E. of the fttuation, laid down b^ Mr. Dalrym'pic lor the N. V.. |»int of thcgulph of St. Sc- baftian; but wc had no other intiiiutiona of land, thanfecinj a fcal, and a few penguins ; and wc had a fvvcll fmiu lu S. E. which we think umild not have been, had any cxtcnlivc track of land lay in that di- rc^^ion. On Friday, the i i;th, wc ftood to the fouth till noon, when finding ourlclvcs in latitude 55 dcg. 7 min. wc llrctthcd to the north. Wc now faw le- vcral penguins and a fnow pcicrcl, which wc judged to denote the vicinity of ice. Wc allu found the air much colder than we had felt it lincc wc left New Zealand. In the night wc Hood to ilie N. K. On Sa turd.iy, the 14th, at twoo'clock, F. M. m latitude 53' dcg. 56 min. 30 fee. S. and in longitude 39 dcg. 24 min. W. wc dilcovcrcd land, in a manner wholly co- vered with fnow. Wc foumlcd in one hundred and fc- vcnry-fivc fathoms, mudily bottom. 'I he land bore E. by .'>. dirtant twelve leagues. On the 15th, the wind blew in fijiialls attended with fnow and licet, and wc h;ul a<;rcat fca to encounter. At pall lour 1'. M. we flood to the S. W. under two courlts 1 but at nildnif^ht the llorin abated, (o that wc could carry our toj<-laiU double reefed. t)a the i6th, at four o'clock, A. M. we llooiJ to the cal>, with a iiHKlerate breeze, and at eipht fa-v the land extemliiig liom E. by N. to N. E. by N. At mion, by obfcrvaiion, wc were in latitude <4 dcg. 25 min, 30 fee. and in jSdcg. 18 min. W. wngitudc. li.c land was now alwut eight leagues dilVanr. It proved to be an illand, and wc called it Willis IdanJ, from the name of the perfun who lirll difvovcrcd it from the mall head. It is a high rock of no great extent. Wc bore up to it with a view of exulormg the northern coart j and as we advanced per- ceived another iflc to the north, between that and the main. Obferving a clear pallagc iKtwccn both we flecicd for the fame, and in the midway founti it to be two miles broad. Willis's illc is in the latitude of 54 dcg. S. and in 38 dcg. 23 min. W. longitude. The other, which was named Bird Illand, a number of fowls bcinu iVin upon the loaft, is not fo higli, but more excenlivc 1 and is near the N. E. point of the main laiul, which (.'apt. Cook named Cape North. Wc law li-vcial maHe.'; of fnow, or ite, in the IxMtoms of lomc bay.s on the S. E. coall of this land, particu- larly in one which lies about three leagues to the -S. S. K. of Bird ifle. On Monday, the 16th, having got through the pafTagc, w c obfervcd the north coall trciuleil E. by N. for about three leagues, and then F.. and E. by S. to Cape Buller, which is eleven miles. We nuigcd tlic coaft till near night, at one Iciguc dillancc, when on founding we found liftj' fathoms, and a muddy bottom. On the 17th, at two o'clock, A. M. we made f.>r the land. Wc now fleered along ftiore till fevcn, when, feeing the appearance of an inlet, wc hauled in Ibr it. The cajitain accompanied by Mr. ForOcr, and others went oH in a boat, to reconnoitre I ? bay before wc vcnti.id in with the Ihip. They landed m th'ce dini'icnt places, difplayed our colours, and took polFcHion of the country in his majclh's name. The hiad of rlic bay was terminated by ice- clitFs of confukrablc height ; pieces of which were continual!, brcakipp oil", uhich made a noifc like a t.innon. Nor were the interior |>arts of the country Kij horrible. Tl.t: favarri rtxks i.iircil their lofty fum- iiii(.s till loll ii'. the clouds, and valleys were covered w itli iLcn.ingiy p.-rpi.tual fnow. Not a tree, nora (hrulj of any Ib.c ^^■c•re 10 be ii en. The only figns of vege- tation were a Ihong bla led grafs, growing in tutts, wild burnet, and a plant like inofs. fecn on the rocks, iiea-bci'fs, or feals, were numerou : ne fliores fw armed wiih young cubs. Here were alfo the largcft jko- piins wc ha«l yet fecn. Some wc brought aboard weighml above thirty pounds. We found the fame ^a-fuwL as at the lall il.ands aJfo divers, the new ? white birda, and fnudl onei, rcfcmbling thufe at the Cape of Good Hope, called yellow birds, which, hav- ing Ihot two, wc found molt delicioua morfcls. Wc faw no other land birds than a few fmall larks, nor did we meet with any quadrupeds. The rocks borderinu on the ri*a were not covered with fnow like the inland partSj and they feemed to contain iron ore. When the party returned aboard, they brought with them a quan- tit) of feals and iienguim. Not that wc wanted provi- lioni but any kind of freOi meat was acceptable to the crew j and even Capt. Cook acknowledged, that he was now, for the hrfl time, heartily tired of fait diet of every kind ; and that though the Helh of pen- gtiins could fcarcly be compared to bullocks liver, yet its being frtlh was luff.cient to make it palatable. The captain named the bay he hadfurveycd, Polfcllion Ikiyj though according to his account of it, we think it to be no dclirabic appendage to his majelly's new pof- fcllions. It lies in latitude 54 dcg. 5 min. S. and in 37 dcg. 18 min. W. eleven le.\gues tothecaftof f'apc iSoith. To the weft of roli'.irion Bay, and between that and Cape Hullcr, lies the Bay of' IMes, fo called from the number of fmall illes lying before and in it. On Tuefday, the 17th, wc made fail to the eaft, along the coartj the ducclion of which from Cape Biillcr, is 72 deg. 30 min. E. for the fpace of twelve leagues, to a projecting point, which was named C.ipe Saunders. Beyond this is a pretty large bay> which obtained the name of Cumberland Biiy. At the bot- tom of this, as alfo in fomc other fmallcr ones, were vail tracks of frozen ice, or fnow, notyct broken loofe. Bcinj^ now jud part Cumberland Bay, we hauled oil" the coalt, from w hence wc were diflant about four miles. On the I Kth, at noon, by obfervation, we were in lati- tude 54 deg. 30 min. S. and about three leagues from the coart, which I'.rctchcd from N. 59 dcg. W. to S. 13 deg. W. In this direction the land was an iflc, which fccmcd to be the extremity of the coaft to the call. At this time the nearcft land was a proje: :<■■ :,■ 'm > > I '',! >... 1 ill I 1 88 Capt. C O O K $ VOYAGES C O M !• L E T K. wc had (een, and taken the bearin(; ol°, the day We firll came in with it, and left ti* not a finglc doubt, that thii land which we had taken for part of a great con- tinent, was no more than an inanii, aio inilc* in cir- cuit. Wc thought it very extraordinar)',that an iOand hotu'cen the latitude of 54 and 5; degrees, lliould, in the ver>' height of fuiniiicr, be ainioll wholly covered with fn>zen I now, in foinc places many fathoms deepi but more efiKcially the S. W. coall. Nay, the very Men of the lofty mountains, were cafcd with ice ; but the quantity of ice and fnow that lay in the vallcyi ia incredible, and the bottom* '"-f the liavi were bouniicd by walls of ice of a confidt rablc height. We arc of opinion, that a great deal of the ice formed here in w inter, is broken olV in fpring, and Hoats into the lea : but we queftion, wheihcr a ten thoufandth part oi what wc faw is produced in this ifland ; from whence we are led to conclude, that the land wc had fcen the day bt-fore might Inrlong to a more extcnlive track; and we Hill had hopes of difcovering a continent. As to our prefcnt difapjmintment, wc were not much alfeCh-d thereby; for, were we to judge of the whole by this fainple, whatever its extent might be, it would be un acquilition fcan ely worth notice. This inhofpitablc, and dreary land, lies between the latitudes of 5 { liv^. 57 mm. and 54 deg. 57 min. S. and between 38 dcjr. 13 min. and .^5 deg. 34 min. W. longitude. We named this the Ifle of (ieorgia, in honour of his Ma-< jerty. Itextcnds S. K. by h. and N. W. by W. and is 9{ miles lot^, and about 10 broad. 'I'hcN.K. coaft appears to have a niimlwr of bays, but the ice mull prevent accefs to rhem |hc greatell part of the year ; and at any time they will be dangerous harbours, on account of the continual breakingaway of the icecliHs. We are inclined to think, that the interior parts, on account ot their elevation, never enjoy heat enough to melt the (now in fuch quantities as to produce a river ; nor (lid we lind even a Ihcam of frelh water on the whole coad ; ami the N. K. liilcof this, only receives fuftiricnt warmth to melt the fnow. Wc now quitted this coatV, and directed our courfe to the E. S. K. for the land we had lien the preceding day, A flrong gale overtook us, and wc thought ourfelves very toitu. natc in having got clear of the land before this came on. On the 21ft, the ftorm wai fucreeded by a thick fog, attended with rain ; but having got a foutherly brce/e, we ftoo<1 to the eatt till three in the ai'ternoon 1 and then ftcered north in fearch of the land. On the 2 2d, we had thick fi>ggy weather ; but in ihe c-cning it was ft clear that we could fee two leagues round u* i and thinking we might be to the call of the land, «e (leered wed. On the 23d, a thick fog at llx o'cock, A. M. once more C(im|x-lled us to haul the wind to the (iiuth ; but at eleven, w e were favoured w ith a \ icw ol three or (iuir riKky ifliKs, extending fn>m S. K. to l-'.. N. l-'.. alxnit one league didant ; and this, being the extcntofour horizon, might be the reafon why we did not fee the fugar-lcuf peak belore mentioiuil. We were well aflured, this was the land we had (ccn before, and which we had now circuinnavigateil ; condlling of only a few de- tached r(Kks, the receptu les for birds. They are fili- ated in latitude 5; dii|^ S. 12 leagues (roiii Cooper'i l(le, and we named them Clerk's Kocks, Mr. Clerk, one of our lieutenants having lii II ilifcov( red them. I hu interval of dear weather was (iiccecded by as thick a (cij; as ever, on which we (looil to the north. Thus we were undings, iitid faw not aii\ diags. On the 24th, we f.iw the rocks braring S. S. W. half \V.di(lant lour miles, but wc did not (lill lee ihe fugar- loaf peak. A: lour o'lloi k, I'. M.judj^ing ourlelvvs to be three or lour leaj:;uc.s K. and \V. ot them, wc deercd fouth, being i)uiie lircil w ith cmi/ing in thick fogs, only to have a li^lit ot ;i lew (Ira^^gling rocks. Having, at intervals, a dculky to the weft, at (even o'clock we faw the illc of (Jeorgia, bearing W. N. W. didant eight leagues: at eight we llcend S. K. by S. and at tenS. h.. by li. set- I CHAP. IX. 1*- i ;i^ I ■]'l.v Rifttiition roiilt'iitfs Ivr itiHrfe-—Nrtdiind anJ SMUtJcrs f/k< liifcffirrfj — Cjnji;1mrs, and fomc rc/ifiin thiil tbnr m.iy ht liiiiJ alxiul ihi- South Poir — Tbf Rrfolulnn ,iUers Lvr conyfi foiilh to ibc i\ijl — EiiJfiivnurs to fin.l (Upc Cirrumn/ion — (J/>. Ji rtaiimu on ivhatjbe hid doiif in llw vmi<(f — I'roardinj^i till hrr arrnal ,ii the C.tp ■ o/'(l)jJ Hope— Sails for ih- ijU of . Fi!\id—A>id tvtitfit.' to Eti^ltind — Capt. hurnrain's narialiiv, fim tbr tinir ll.v .Lhrntuiv K'./v j'tparatcd from ihi- Rifu- tuti'jn, to btr arrival in Enj^lanJ, iiuiiding ibt rtpirt of Lnut. liurnry, tcnummf^ tbf untimrh death rf Ibe boat's- ere 'M •U'bo "were murd red hy/ome "/ the natives 0/ intern Charlotte's Sound, in Ack' Zealand. uml 0\ Wednefday the 2 ah. we dcered K. S. E. We had a iVeili gale at N. N. E. but the \ieather Hill ct)ntinued foggy, till towards the evening, at which time it Heared up. On the 26th, we held on ourcoiirfe w ith a tine gale liom the N. N. \V. but at day-light, feeing iH> land to the cad, and being in latitude 56 deg. 3} mm. S. and in 31 deg. 10 min. W. longitude, we idecrfd fouth. On the ;7th, at noon, wc were In the latitude of 59 deg, 46 min. S. and had fo thick a fog ThatwecouKI not fee a Ihip's length. Wc expciled foon to fall in with the ice, and on this account, it being no longer fale to fail before the w ind, wc hauled to the call with a gentle gale at N. N. IC, When .nc fog cleared away, we refumcd our courfe to the fouth; but it returned again, which obliged us to haul upon a wind. }iy our reckoning we were now in the latitude of 60 deg. S. and unlets we difcovcrcd f. uie certain ligns of loon falling in with land, the Captain deter- mined to nvike this the limit of his voyage to the fouth. Indeed it would not have been prudent to have tquandercd away time in proceeding farther to the fouth, when there was as great a probability of finding a large crack of lanti near Cape Ciaui»cilion. Befides it was an irkfunic talk to travcrfe in high fwithem lati- tudcs, where nothing was to be difcovcrcd but i( c. At this time a long hollow fwell from the wed, indicated that no l.md w ai to be cxpciileil in fuch a direction ; and upon the whole, we may venture to alfcrt, that the cx- tenfivc coaft laid down by Mr. Dalrymplc, and his Gulphof St. Sebaftian, do not exid. The fog having receded from us a little, at feven o'clock in the evening, we faw an ice-idand, penguins, and fnow pctcrels. In the night, being vilitcd with a return of the log, wc were obliged to go over again that fpace which wc had, in fomc degree, made ourfelves acijuainted with in^the day. On the 28th, at eight o'clock, A. M. wc dood^-w the cad, with a gent^ breeze at nouh. The weather cleared away, and wc perceived the fca llrcwcd with large and fmall bodies of ice. Some whales, penguins, fnow pctcrels, and other birds were fcen. We had now fun-(bine, but the air was cold. At noon, by oh^ fervation, wc were in 60 deg. 4 min. S. and in 29 deg, 23 min. W. longitude. At half paft two o'clock, having continued our courfe to the eaft, wc fuddenly fell in w ith a vaft number of large icc-Wlands, and a fea ftrewcd with loofe ice, and the waather becoming hazy, made it dangerous to ftand in among them. We COOK'i SECOND VOYAGE— for making Di/toverui in the StutA Seat & Round tlit ff^orM. 1 89 -U u t- We therefore wclccd. »nd ftcwd back to the weft, with the wind at north. Wc were now (iirroundcd with ice • ifland*. ail nearly of an equal height, with a flat level furface ; but of varioua extent. The loofc ice, with which the fca appeared ftrewed, had broke from thefe illM. ^ On Sunday the 19th, havinff little wind, we were obliged to travcrfc in ftich courlci, a» wore moft likely to cany ui clear of them, fothat wc hardly made any progreft, one way or other, throughout the whole day. The weather wai fair, but remarkably gloomy, and wc were vifited by penguins and whales in abundance. On the 10th, we tacked and ftood to the N. E. and almoft tnroughout 'he day if was foggv, with either fleet or fnow. At noon wc were in latituac 59 dcg. jomin. S. and in 29 dcg. 24 min. W. At two o'clock, pafftd one of the largcft ice-iflands we had fcen during our voyage ; and Tome time after two fmallcr ones. We no* ftood to N. E. over a fea ftrewed with ice. On the Jlift we (iifcovcrcd land a-hcid, diftant about one caguc. Wc hauled the wind to the north i but not be- ing able to weather it, we tacked in 175 fathoms water, a league from thcilrore, and about half aone from foine breakers. This land confifted of three rocky iflots of conliderablc height. The outmoft terminated in a loft) peak, like a fugar-loaf, to which we gave the name of rreezland Peak, after the man who (irft difcovcrcd it. The latitude is 59 deg. S. and 17 dcg. W. longi- tude. Totheeaft of this peak, was fcen ?n elevated coaft, whofc fnow-cap'd fummits wire above tiir clouds. It extended from N. by E. to E. S. E. and wc named it Cape Briftol, in honour of the nublc family of Harvey. Alfo in latitude 50 deg. 1 3 min. jofec .S. and in 17 dcg. 4j min. W. another elevated coaft appeared fh fight, bearing S. W. by S. and at noon, it extended from S. E. to S. S. W. diftani from fourto eight leagues. This land we called Southern Thule, bccaufe the moft fouthcm thai has yet been difcovcrcd. Its furface rifcs high, and is every where covered with fnow. There were thofe of our company, who thought they faw land in the fpace between Thule and C.ipc nriftol. We judged it more than probable that thefe two lands arc ronnedled, and the fpace is a deep biy, which, though thefe arc mere fuppofitions, was rallcil Forfter's Bay. Being not able to weather Southern Thule, we t:irkc(l and ftood to the north, at one o'clock, and at four I'reezland Peak was diftant four Icigucs. Soon after the wind fell, and wc were left to the n\ercy of a frcat weftcrly fwell, which fct right upon the ftiorc 1 ut at eight o'clock, the weather clearing up, we faw Cape Briftol. which bore E. S. E. ending in a point to the north, beyond which we coulJ fee no land. Thus we were relieved from the fear of being carried away by the f'.vcll, and caft on the moft horrible coaft in the world , \\'e continued our courfc to the north all night, with a light breeze at weft. On Wednefday the firft of February, at four o'clock in the morning, we had a view of a new coaft. At lix it Iwrc north 60 dcg. E, and being a high promontory, wc named it Cape Montague. It is fituatcd in latitude 58 deg. 27 min. S. and in 26 deg. 44 mir , W. longi- tude ; eight leagues to the north of Cape Buftol. We . faw land in fcvcral places between them, whence we concluded the whole might be connedled. We wifli it had been in our power to have determined this with greater certainty, but prudence would not permit the attempt, nor to venture near a coaft the dangers of w hich have been already fufliciently pointed out. One icc-ifland, among many othrn on this coaft, particu- larly attradkd our notice. It was level in furface, of great extent both in hcitht and circuit, and its fides were perpendicular, on wnich the waves of the fea had not made the leaft impreftion. We thought it might have come out from fomc bay in the coaft. At noon we were eaft and weft of the northern p.irt of Cape Montague, diftant five leagues. Freczland Peak was 1 2 leagues, and bore fouth 1 6 deg. E. By obfervation we found our latitude to be 58 deg. 25 min. In the afternoon, at two o'clock, when ftandingtothe north wc faw land, which bore north 25 deg. L, It cxtcnd- No. 22. ed from north ao deg. to 5a dcg. E. and it was imagined more land lay oeyond it to the eaft. Cape Montague at this time bore fouth 66 deg. E. at eight 40 dcg. and Cape Briflol S. bf E- On the 3nd. at flx o'clock A. M. having ftecrrd to the north during the night, new land was difcovered, bearing north 1 3 deg. E. diftant 1 o leagues. We fa w two hummocki jull above the horizon, of w hich we foon loft fight. We now flood, having a frefii breeze at N. N. E. for the norrhernmoft land wc had fecn the preceding day, which, at this time, bnrc E. S. E. by ten o'clock we fetched in with it, but not having it in our power to weather the fame, we tacked at three miles from the coaft. This extended from U. by S. to S. E. and appeared to be an ifland of about 10 leagues circuit. The furfiicr was high, and its limmit loft in the clouds. Like all the neighbouring lands, it was covered with a fticet of fnow and ire, except on a point on the north fide, and on two hills fcen over it, which probably were two iflands. Thefe were not only clear of fnow, but feemcd covered with green turf Wc faw alfo large ice-iftands to the fouth, and others to the N. E. .At noon we tacked for the land again, in order if jwAfiblc to determine whether it was an ifland 1 butn thick fog foon prevented the difcovery, by making it unfafc to ftand in for the (hore ; fo that having re- turned, we Mcked and ftood to N. W. to make the land we had fcen in the morning. Wc left the other under the fuppofition of its Ixing an iftand, and named it Saunders Iflc, after Cnpt. Cook's honuurabic friend Sir Charles Saunders. It lies in latitude 57 dcg. 49 nun. S. and in 26 deg. 44 min. W. longitude, diflunt 13 leagues from Cape Montague. The wind having fliiftcd at fix o'clock, wc ftood to the north ; and at eight we faw Saunders Ifland, extending from S. E. by S. to E. S. E. Wc were ftill in doubt if it were an illand, and could not at this time clear it up, as wc found it neccftary to take a view of the land to the north, before we proceeded any farther to the ea(h With this intent we ftood to the north, and on the 3d, at t;\o o'clock A. M. wc came in fight of the land wc were fearching after, which proved to be two iflei. On account ol the dav on which they were difcovcrcd, we called them Candlemas I Acs. 'They lie in latitude 57 deg. 1 1 min. S. and in 27 deg. 6 min. W. longitude. Between thefe wc obfervcd a fmall rock ( there may perhaps be others ; for the w eather being hazy occafion- ed us to tofc fight of the iflands, and we did not ftv them again till noon, at which lime they were three or four leagues oft'. We were now obliged, by reafon of the wind having veered to the fouth, to ftand to the N. E. and at midnight came fuddenly into water un- commonly while, at which appearance the officer on watch was Co much alarmed, that he immediately or- dered the ftiip to be put about, and we accordingly tacked inftantly. There were variou-s opinions aboaid concerning this matter 1 probably it might be a flioal of fifti ; but fomc faid it was a flioal of ice ; and otbcrj thought it was fliallow water. On Sunday the 4th, at two o'clock, A. .M. wc rc- fiimed our courfc to the eaft, and at lix tried if there were any current, but found none. At this time fomc whales were playing, and nuiiibcrs of penguins retcd, or conncdcd with earth, Mhich iiuifl nrccflarily adhere to it, were ihia cunjedurc tnic. Furthermore, we arc not certain whether there arc any rivcro in thefc countriei, a« we Taw neither rivcra nor Hreaini of frcfli water there. Hie ice-inantla, at leal) in thofe part*, mul) be formed from fnow and fleet conliilidated, uhich gather* by degree*, and are drifted from the iiirMintains. In the winter, the fcan or the ice clilft n)ull iill up the bay*, if they arc ever fo lur^e. I'he continual fall of I'now occalion* the accumulation of thefc cliHs, till they can fupport their wciuht no longer, and large pieces break otf from thefc icc-illands. We are inclined to believe, that thefc ice clifT*, where they are llieltcrcd from the violence of the winds, extend a great way into the fea. On the 5th. having (ben no penguin*, we thought that we were leaving land behind us, and that we hud pafled it* northern extremity. At noon we were j dcg. of longitude, to the cad ofSaundcrii' lllciandbyob- fervition in the latitude of 57 dcg. 8 min. S. and in 3.1 dcg. 34 nun. W. longitude. In the afternoon we again lUetchcd to the fouth, in order that wr might again fall in with the land, if it took an caO JinVtion. On Monday the 6th, we held on our courfc till the 7th at noon, when we lound our latitude to Iv cs dcg. T 5 min. S. and longitude zi dcg. 34 min. W. nul not feeing any ligns of land, wc concliHled, that what hail been denominateii .Sandwich liind, wa&eithera group ofillandt. or a point of the continent : for in Capt. Cook's opinion, the ice that i* fpread over this vail Southern Ocean, mufl originate in a track of land, which he firmly believes lies near the pole, and cxtendii farthcll to the north, oppolitc the Southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans : for ice being found in thefc fnithcr to the north, than any where ell'e, induced the (^iptain to conclude, that land of confiderablc extent inuft cxill near the fouth. Upon a contrary fuppofition it will follow, that wc ought to fee ice every where under the fame p.-irallcl ; but few fliip* have met with ice going round Cajx; Horn; and for our part, wc faw hut little below the fixticth degree of latitude in the .Southern Pacific Ocean ; on the other hand in this fea, between the meridian of 40 dcg. W. and fifty or fixty degrees tall, «c li)und ice as liir north as j i deg. Others nave IccH it in a much lower latitude. Ia.! 11:, iu)vv rup|V)fe there i.s a Southern Continent within the polar circle. The quell ion which readily (KCirs, will be; What end «.in be anfwered in difcovcring or exploring fuch a I o:<.rt .' Or what life can the l^iinc bt; cither to navigation, geography, or any other Itience,' And what Ijcnelits can rehilt therefrom to a coinmcicial ftatc.' Conlider for a moment, what thick foj;s, fnow, flonns, intenfe cold, and every thing dangerous to navigation, muft be encountered w ith by every hard)r advcn"irer ; behold the horrid afpeiil oi' a country impenctrabie by the animating heat of the fun's raysj a country doonied to be immerfed ii; cverlafting fnow. See the iflands and flouts on the coafi, and the continual falls of the ice clilFs in th" jxyrts : thefc difficulties, whiih might be heightened b) others nof Icfs dangerous, are fuflicient tnia, extend.s from Ch'li ami I'aragiiay to the utiiioit extremity of .South America, that is, from {;; aliiioll tu 54 degrees of finith kititude, being 700 miles long, ami {oo broad where widell. I'he northern parts con- tain an almofi inexh.iiilliblc Hock of large limber, but in the l()uthern diftric'ls there is fcarrcly a tree to lie feen (it fntaneouf1y. This country aboumls with an animal called camel- fheep by foinc authors, but theirtnic name is guanacoes. They partake of the nature of a camel, though they have no bunch on the back, and thrv were fclrmerly made ufe of to carry burdens. They li.ivc alio a bird called an oftrich, but not fo large, ami they diflL-r froiti the African oftrichcs in having three toes, whereas thole have but two. A great nunmer of iflands, or clulkr* of illands, lie on the coaftsof Patagonia. The ifland of Terra del Fuego, or the Land of Fiics, as it was called by the firft difcoverers. on account of their having obferved fome great lircs upon it (fup|)ofed to be volcanoes) as they palfcd it in the night, is kpa~ rated from the continent by the Magellanic Straights < has a rough appearance, being very mountainous, but is interft^flcd with deep narrow vallies, and is well watered. The natives of this country arcftiort in their pcrfons, not exceeding five feet llx iiKhes at moft, their heads large, their faces broad, their cheek-bones very prominent, and their nofes very flat. I'hcy have little brown eyes, without life; their hair is black and lank, hanging about their heads in difordcr, and befme.-kreJ with train oil. On the chin they have a few ftraggling (hort hairs inftcadofa beard, and fiom their nofc ihcic n rriiiii tite ihi'ik of ICll loHUlT, the (Viirvv an) hcmhI iMicil : wc , inuiulinj; icilion, ai\tt re Wf ton- ay not l'^ tioiiii t'roin iiita, I'aia^ Ihuits, (ho lllaiuls. IVkIim.uhI ^^»\^■ n.iiin: iilh to the MII'Jl tlu-iii. oil) a prin- Htiij, The wv ol I'aia- the utinolt ^ aliiiol) lu iiilcs lui)^, I parts cou- tiiiibcr, btic tree to hi." olty moiin- mtury truiii irncJ cattle licr by the te pafturago :tii water is fee how tho cattle could th few or no of the belt. fevcral In- [)11are«, &c. if a copper coarfe bhtck addidtcd to n their tacea having only nude of tha , which they )ld weather; wit on their at nionllrout o lalicr than other placet, \\rhicn they e on lifli ami lontaneoully. illed cameU is ).',uanacue3. ihouijh they ere (cfriuerly e alio a bird y diller from vhereas tholb s, or clurtert .and of Fires, n account of n it (lup|)ofcd lipht. is fep - nic Straights j [ainous. but is and is well :ftiort in their at m«H\, their [rk-bones very hey have little ac|( and lank, ,nd befnicarcJ few ftriggling icir nofc there i» "?» IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 ■ii|21 125 ■^ Uii 12.2 lU 14.0 ||0 li • |L25 |||,.4 |,.6 ^ 6" ► Hiotographic Sdences Corporalion 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) S72-4S03 ^ .^% K^ Z ^ ^g? ( ■ If; cook's second VO VAGB— for making Di/coveries in the South Seas 6c Round the JVorlJ. 1 9 1 ii a conftant difchargc of mucus into their wgly open mouth. The whole alTeittblage of their features fprins the moft loathfomc pidurc of mifcry and wretchednefs to which human nature can polTibly be rcduccdi jThiy had no other cloathin^ than afmall piece of feaUfkin. ; which hung from their (houlders to the middle of the back, being faftcned round the necic with a ftring. The reft of their body was pcrfcdlly naked, not the Icaft re- gard being paid to acccncy. Their natural colour Icems to be an olive-brown, with a kind of glofs re- fembling that of copper ; but many of tliem difguifc themfelves with ftreaks of red paint, and fometimes, though feldom. with white. Their whole charadcris the urongeft compound of ftupidity, indifference, and inadlivity. Thev have no other arms than hows and ar- rows, and their mftruments for fifhing a kind of iifli- gags. They live chiefly on feals flefli, and like the fat oily part moft. There is no appearance of any fubor- dination among them, and their mode of living ap- proaches nearer to' that of brutes, than that ot any other nation. The children go naked, and the nnlv weapon of the men is a long ftick generally hooked, and pointed at the end like a lance. They live in huts made of boughs, and covered with mud, branches, &c. One fide is open, and the fire place is in the mid- dle : and a whole family herd together in one of thcfe miferablc hovels. The above-mentioned iflands are all very barren and mountainous; but from what Mr. Forfter fays, in his voyage to the South Sea, the climate would not appear to be fo rigorous and tempefhious as it is ropreiented in Anfon's voyage. Upon the lower grounds and iflands, that were (heltered by the high mountains, fe- veral forts of trees and plants, and a variety of birds, were found. Among the trees, was Winter's bark- tree, and a fpecies of arbulus, loaded with red fruit of die fize of fmall cherries, which were very well tafted. In fome places there is alfo plenty of celeri. Am^ng the birds was a fpecies of duck of the fize of a goofe, which ran along the fea with amazing velocity, beating the water with its wings and feet : it had a grey plumage, with a yellow bill and feet, and a few white quill feathers : at the Falkland iflands it is called a log- gerhead duck. Among the birds are alfo plenty of geefe and falcons. The rocks of fome of the iflands are covered with large mufcle-fhells, the fifh of which is faid to be more' delicate than oyfters. Falkland's iflands were firft difcovcred'in 1 594, by Sir Richard Hawkins, who named the principal of them Hawkins' Maidcniand, in honour of queen Eli- zabeth. The prefent name Falkland was probably given them by Capt. Strong, in 1689, and afterwards adopted by Halley. "The late lord Egmont, firft lord c." the Admiralty 11111764, then revived the fcheme of a fettlement in the South Seas ; and commodore Byron was fcnt to take pofTeffion of Falkland's iflands in the name of his Britannic majcfty, and in his journal reprefents them as a valuable acquifition. On the other hand, they arc rcprcfcntcd by Capt. M'Bride, who in 1766 fuccceded that gentleman, as the outcafts of nature : " We found (fays he) a map of iflands and broken lands, of which the foil was nothing but a bog, with no better profpedl than that of barren mountains, beaten by ftorms almoft perpetual. Yetthis is fummer; and if the winds of winter hold their natural proportion, thofc who lie but two cables length from the Ihore, muft pafs weeks without any communication with it." The herbs and vegeublcs .vhich were planted by Mr. By- ron's people; and the fir-tree, a native of rugged and cold climates, had withered. In the fummer-months, wild celeri and forrel are the natural luxuries of thefe iflands. Goats, fheep, and hogs that were carried hither, were found to increafc and thrive as in other placet. Geefe of a fifliy tafte, fnipcs. penguins, foxes, and fea^ions, ar^alfo found here, and plenty of Kood water. 'Though the foil be barren, imd the fea tempeftuous, , an Eijglifh fettlement was made here, of which we were • fjifpofltfrcd by the Spaniards in 1770. Jhat violence was, however, difavowed by the Spanifh ambaffudor, and fome conceflions were made to the court of Great Britain ; but in order to avoid giving umbrage to the court of Spain, the ficttlenient was afterwards aban* doned. .1 ' On Tueiday, the 7th, we refumed our courfe to the eaft, and this day only three ice iflands were fecn. At eight o'clock in the evening, we hauled the w ind to the S. E. fcr the night. On the 8th, at day-light, wc continued our courfe to the eaft, being in latitude 5 8 deg. 3omin.tion, or an illand of ice : for after we had left the fouthern iflcs, to the prefcnt time, not the lead veftigc of land had been difcovcred. We faw, it is true, fome feaU, and penguins { but thefe arc to be found in all parts of the louthcrn ocean, and iws be- lieve (hags, ganncts, boobies, and men of war birds, arc the mod indubitable ligns that denote the vicinity of lands, as they feldom go very far out to Tea. Being at this time only two degrees of longitude from our route to the fouth, when we took our departure from the Cape of Good Hope, it was in vain ror ut to con- tinue ourcourfe tothceaft, under this parallel { but thinking we might have feen land farther to the fouth, for this reafon, and to clear up fome doubts, wc deerod S. E. in order to get into the fituation in which it was fuppofed to lie. On the 23d, from obfcrvations on fe- veral didanccs of the fun and moon, we found ourfclves in the latitude of 55 dcg. 25 min. S. and in 23 dcg. 22 min. E. longitude; and having run over the track in which the land was fuppofed to lie, without foeuig any, we now was well alTured the icc-iflands had de- ceived Mr. Bouvet ; as at times they had deceived us. During the night the wind veered to N. W. which ena- bled us to deer more north ; for we had now laid afide all thoughts of fearching farther after the French dif- coveries, and were determined to diredt our courfe for the Cape of Good Hope, intending only by the way to look for the ides of Denia, and Marfevcen, which by Dr. Hallcy are lai^ down in the latitude of 41 deg. 5 min. and 4 deg. E. longitude from the meridiaaof the Cipc of Good Hope. On Friday the 25th, wedeered N. E. and were at noon ih latitude 52 deg. 52 min. ^. longitude 26 deg. 31 min. E. This day we faw the lad ice-ifland. On Wcdncfday, the fird of .March, wc were in la- titude 46 deg. 44 min. S. and in 23 deg. 36 min. W. longitud* ; and we took notice, that the whole time the wind blew regular and condant northerly, which in> eluded fcveral days, the weather was always cloudy and very hazy ; but as foon as it came fouth of wed, it cleared up. We alfo obferved, that the barometer be- gan to rife fcveral days before this change happened. On the 3d, in the afternoon, we had intervals of clear weather, but at night the wind blew a heavy fquall from S. W. whereby fcveral of our fails were fplit, and a middle day-fail was wholly lod. Our latitude was 45 deg. 8 min. S. longitude 30 dcg. 50 min. E. On Wcdncfday, the 8th, the thermometer rofe to 61 dec. and we were obliged to put on lighter cloaths. We were now in latitude 41 deg. 30 mm. S. longitude 36 deg. 5 1 min. E. Wc had not yet feen any ligns of land, but albatroifes, pctercls, and other fea birds, were our daily vifitors. On the i ith, the wind diided fuddenly from N. W. to S. W. which occafioned the mercury to fall as fuddenly from 62 to j 2 deg. fo dide- rcnt was the date of the air between a northerly and foutherly wind. Our latitude this day was 40 dcg. 40 min. S. longitude 23 deg. 47 min. E. On Sunday, the 1 2th, fome albatroflcs and peterels were fliot, which proved an acceptable treat. This day we were nearly in the fituation, in which the iflcs of Denia and Marfevcen are faid to lie, and not the lead hope of finding them remained. On the 13th, we flood to N. N. W. and at noon, by obfervation, were in latitude 38 dcg. 51 min. S. which was above thirty miles more than our log gave us ; to what this dide- rence was owing, wc could not determine. The watch alfo fliewcd that wc had been fet to the cad. At this time wc were two degrees north of the parallel in which the iflcs are laid down, but found not any en- couragement to perfeverc in our endeavours to find them. This mull have confumed more time, we think, in a fruitlcfs fearch ; and every one, all having been confineda long time to dale and fait provifi:ns,was im- patient to get into port. We therefore, in compliance with the general widi, refolved to make the bed of our way to the Cape of Good Hope. We were now in la- titude 38 dcg. 38 min. S. and in 33 deg. 37 min. E. longitude. On Thurfday, the i6th, at day-break, we dcfcried 4 in the N. W. quarter, danding to the wedwatd, two lail, one of which diewed Dutch colours. At ten o'clock we dood to the wed alfo, and were now in the latitude of 35 dcg. 9 min. S. and in longitude 23 deg. 38 min. E. About this time, a quarrel arofe betwem thrceofficen, and the diip's cooks, which was not re- conciled without ferious confequenccs. Thofe three gentlemen, upon fome occafion or other, entered the cook-room with naked knives, and with oaths, unbe- coming their charader, fwore they would take away the lives of the fird m ho dared to adront them. It feems they had formerly met with fome rebu^ for too much frequenting the cooks apartments, which had hi- therto padcd in joke ; but now a regular complaint was laid before the captain, of their unwarrantable be- haviour, and of the danger the men were in of their lives : into which complaint the captain was under a necelTity of enquiring ; and upon finding it jud, «f confining the oficnders in irons. While they were in this fituation, the articles of war being read, it was found that the od'cncc was of fuch a nature as hardly to be determined without a reference to a court martial, in order to which the two who appeared nfwd cut]xible, were continued prifoners upon parole, and the third was cleared. After this bufincfs had cngroded the Cap- tain's attention, he called the diip's crew together, and after recounting the particulars of the voyage, the harddiips they had met with, the fatigues they had un- dergone, and the chearfulnefs they hadcondantly diewn in tnc difcharge of their duty, he gave them to under- dand, how much it would dill more recommend them to the Lords of the Admiralty, if they would prefervc a profound filence in the ports they had yet to pafsand might enter, with regard to the courfes, the difcove* rics they had made, and every particular relative to this voyage ; and likewife, after their return home, till they had their lorddiips pcrmidion to the contrary ; re- quiring, at the fame time, all thofe officers who had kept journals to deliver them into his cudody, to be fcaled up, and not to be opened till delivered to their lorddiips at the proper office. In the interim they were to be locked up fafely in a ched. This requed was chcarftilly complied with by every commiflioned of- ficer. On Friday, the 1 7th, we obferved at noon in the la- titude of 34 deg. 49 min. S. in the evening we faw land, about fix leagues didant, in the diredhon of E. N. E. And there was a great fire or light upon it, throughout the fird part of the night. On the 1 8th, at day-break, wc faw, at the fame didance, the land again, bearing N. N. W. At nine o'clock, wefent out a boot to get up with one of the two diips before no- ticed ; wc were fo defirous of hearing news, that wc paid no attention to the didance, though the ihips were at lead two leagues from us. Soon after wc dood. to the fouth, a breeze fpringing up at wed. At this time three more fail were feen to windward, one of which (hewed Englidi colours. The boat returned at one o'clock P. M. and our people in it had been on board a Dutch Indiaman, coming home from Bengal ; the fliip was the Bownkerk Polder, the Captain Cor- nelius Bofch. The captain very politely made us a tender of fugar, arrack, and of any thing that could be fpared out of the diip. By fome Englidi mariners on board her, our people were informed, that our con- fort had arrived at the Cape of Good Hope twelve months ago ; adding, that a boat's crew had been mur- dered and eaten by the natives of New Zealand. Thh» intelligence fuflkientJy explained the myderious ac- counts wc had received from our old friends, in Queen Charlotte's Sound. On the 19th, at ten o'clock in the morning, the Englidi fliip bore down to us. She was the True Bri- ton, Capt. Broadly, on her return from China. A letter to the fecrctary of the Admiralty was committed to the care of the captain, who gencroufly feiit us freft provifions, tea, and other articles. In the afternoon, the True Briton dood out to fea, and we in for hind. At fix o'clock, wc tacked within five miles of the fliore, dilhni^as wc conjo^red. about fix leagues from Cape • Aquilas. COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dtfcweries In the $outb Seas & Round the World. 1 93 AffuiUs. On the 20th, we ftood along (horctothc werti and on the aift, at rt*n, the TaSlc Mounuin, OYcr the Cape Town, bore N. E. by E. diftUnt ten leagues. The next morning we anchored in Table Bay J with us, in our reckoning, it was Wednefday the 22nd, but with :he people here, Tuefday the 31 ft, we having gaincJ a day by running to the eaft. In the bay we found fnips of diflFerent nations, among which was an Englifti Eaft Indiamanj from China, bound diretfVly to England. In this fliip Capt. Cook fent a copy of his journal, together with feme charts and drawings to the Admiralty. We faluted the garrifon with thirteen guns, and the compliment was returned with an equal number. We now heard the deplorable ftory of the Adventure's boat's crew confirmed, with the addition of a falfc report, concerning the lofs of a a French ftiip upon the fame ifland, with the total de- ftrui::lion of the captain and his crew, propagated, no doubt, by the Adventure's people, to render an *ft of favage barbarity, that would fcarcely admit of aggra- vation, rtill mdre horrible. But, which gave us full ratlsfadion about this matter, Capt. Furneaux had left a letter for our commander, in which he mentions the lofs of the boat, and ten of his men, in queen Char- lotte's Sound. The day after our arrival at this place, Capt. Cook, accompanied by our gentlemen, waited on Baron Plcttenberg, the Dutch Governor, by whom, and his principal officers, they were treated with the greateft politencfs ; and as at this place rcfrefhments of all kinds may be procured in great abundance, we now, after the numerous fatigues of a long voyage, be- gan to tafte, and enjoy the Tweets of repofe. It is a cuftom here for all the officers to refide on fliore ; in compliance with which, the captain, the two Forfters, and Mr. Sparman took up their abode with Mr. Brandt, well known to our countrymen for his obliging readi- ncfs to ferve them. Our people on board were not ne- cleded ; and being provided daily with frefh baked bread, freflimeat, greens, wine, &c. they werefoon reftored tr) their ufual ftrength, and as foon forgot all paft hardftiips and dangers. All hands' were employed now to fupply all our de- feds. Almoft »very thing except the ftanding rigging was to be replaced anew ; and it is well known the charges here for naval ftores are moft exorbitant ; for the Dutch both at the Cape and Batavia, take a fcan- dalous advantage of the diftrefs of foreigners. That our cafks, rigging, fails, &c. (hould be in a fhsttered condition, is eaflly accounted for. In circumnaviga- ting the globe, we mean, from leaving this place to our return to it again, we had failed no lefs than fixty thoufand miles, equal nearly to three times the equa- torial circumference of the earth t but in all this run, which had been made in all latitudes, between 9 and 71 deg we fprung neither low-mafts nor top-maft j nor broke fo much as a lower, or top-maft fnrowd. At the Cape, the curiolity of all nations was excited, to learn the fuccefs of our difcoveries, and in proportion to the carneftnefs of the folicitations, wherewith the common men were prefTed, by foreign inquifitors, they took care to gratify them with wonderful relations. Hence many flrangc ftones were circulated abroad, be- fore it was known oy the people at large at home, whe- ther the Refolution had pcrifhed at fea, or was upon her return to Europe. Dunng our ftay here feveral foreign Ibips put in and went out, bound to and from India, namely, Englifh, French, Danes, and three Spanifh fhips, frigates, two going to, and one returning from Manilla. We believe it is but lately, that fhips of this nation have touched here ; and thefe were the firft to whom were allowed the fame privileges as other Euro- pean ftates. We now loft no time in putting all things in readinefs to complete our voyage ; but we were obliged to unhang our rudder, and were alfo de- layed for want of caulkers ; and it was ablblutely ne- ceflary to caulk the (hip before we put to fea. On Wednefday, the 26th of April, this work was finifhed, and having got on botnl a frefh fupply of provifions, and all neceUaryfhwcf, wc took leave of the No. 23. governor, and his principal officers. On the 37th, wc went on board, and foon after, the itrind cohiing fair* we weighed, and put to fea. When Under fail we fa- luttd the ^rrifon as is cuftohiary, wnA they ieturned the compliment. When clear of the bay We parted company^ with fome of the fhips who failed out with us : the Dartifh fhip fteeted for the Eift Indies, the Spa- nilh frigate, Juno, for Europe, and we and the Dutton Indiam;kn, forSt.Helena, Depending on the goodhefs of Mr. Kendall's watch, we determined to attempt to make the ifland by a direA courfe. The wind, in ge- neral, blew faint all the pafllage, which made it longer than commont On' Monday the 1 5th of May, iX day-break, we faw the ifland, diftant fourteen leagues, and anchored, at midnight, before the town, on the N. W. fide of the ifland. Governor Skett6we, and the gentlemen of the ifland, treated us, while we continued here, with the greateft courtefy^ In our narrative of Capt. Cook's former voyage, we have given a full defcription of this ifland i to which we fliall only add, that the inhabi- tants are far from exercifing a wanton cruelty towards their flaves. We are informed alfo, that wheel carri- ages and porters knots have been in ufe among them for many years. Within thefe three years a new church has been built 5 fome other new buildings are eredlihg, a commodious landing-place for boats has been nude, and other improvements, which add both (irength and beauty to the place. Here we finiflied fome necef- fary repairs, which we had not time to complete du- rii^ our ftay at the Cape. Our empty water caflcs were alfo filled, and the ihip's company had frelh beef, at five-pence per pound. This article of refrelhments is exceeding good, and the only one to be procured worth mentioning. On the ai ft in the evening we took leave of the governor, and then repaired on board. The Dutton Indiaman, in company with u4, was ordered not to fall in with Afcenfion, for which we fteered, on account of an illicit trade, carried Oit between the Company's fhips, and fome veflcls from North America, who of late years, had vihted the ifland on pretence of fifliing, when their real defign was to wait the coming of the India fhips. The E)utton was therefore ordered to fteer N. W. by W. or N. W. till to the northward of Afcenfion. With this fhip wc were in company till the 24th, when we parted. A packet for the Admiralty was put on board, and fhc continued her courfe N. W. On Sunday, the 2 8th, we made the ifland of Afcenfion ; and on the evening an- chored in Crofs Bay, in the N. W. fide, half a mile from the fhore, in ten fathoms water. The Crofi-hill, fo called on account of a flag ftalf erected upon it in form of a crofs, bore S. 38 deg. E. and the two extreme poinu of the bay extended from N. E. to S. W. Wc had feveral fifliing parties out every night, and got about twenty-four turtle weighing between four and five hundred weight each. This was our principal ob- jeft, though we might have had a plentifiil fupply of fiftj in general. We have no where fcen old wives in fuch abundance s alfo cavalies, congor cell, and various other forts. This ifland lies in the diredtion N. W. and S. E. and is ten miles broad, and five or fix long. Its furface is very barren, and fcarceljr produces a fhrub, plant, or any kind of vegetation, in the fpace of many miles ; inftead of which we faw only ftones and find, or rather flags and afties : hence from the general appearance of the fece of this ifland, it is more than probable, that, at fome time, of which we have no account, it has been deftroyed by a volcano. We met with in our ex- curfions a fmooth even furface in the intervals between the heaps of ftones ; but as one of our people obferved, you may as eafily walk over broken glafs bottles as over the ftones f for if you flip, or make a fidfe ftep, you are fure to be cut or lamed. At the S. E. end of the ifle is a high mountain, which feems to have been left in its original ftatc; for it is covered with a kind of white mari, producing purflain, fpui]g, and one or two fons of grals. On dfefe the goaa feed, which are to 3C be I ! J' I 194 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. I ' I ^i '^i. 1 i ■t ^u be found in this part of the iflc. Here are Rood land craba, and the Tea abounds with turtle from January to June. They always come on fhorc to lay their eggs in the night, when they arc caught by turning them on their backs, in which podtion tncy are left on the beach till the next morning, when the turtle-catchers fetch tlicm a\yay. We are inclined to think, that the turtles come to this ifland merely for the purpofe of laying their eggs, as we found none but females; nor had thofe we caught any food in their ftomachs. We faw alfo near this place abundance of .iquatic birds, fuch as tropic birds, men of war, boobies, &e. On the N. E. fide we found the remains of a wreck ; (he feemcd to have been a velTol of one hundred and fifty tons bur- then. We were informed, that there is a fine fpring in a valley between two hills, on the top of the moun- tain above mentioned ; bcfidcs great quantities of frelh water in holes in the rocks. While the Refolution lay in the road, a Hoop belonging to New- York anchored l^y her. She had been to the coaft of Guinea with a cargo of goods, and came here under a pretence to take in turtle ; but her real intention was, we believe, to traffic with the olliccrs of our homeward bound Eaft- Indiamcn ; for flic had lain here near a week, and had got on board twenty turtle ; whereas a (loop from Ber- muda, had failed but a few days before, with one hun- dred and five oi\ board, which were as many as flic could take in; but having turned feveral more on dif- ferent beaches, they inhumanly ripped open their bel- lies, for the fake of the eggs, and left the carcafes to putrify. The centre of this ill.nnd of Afccnlion is (itu- ated in the latitude of 8 deg. S. and 14 deg. 28 min. 20 fee. W. longitude. On WtdncfJ.iy, the 31 ft of May, wc departed from the ifland of Afceniion, and ftecred, with a line gale at S. E. by E. for that of Fernando dc Noronha, on the coaft of Brafil, in order to determine its longitude. In our palfage for tliis place, we had very good weather, and fine moon light nights, which alJoidcd us many opportunities of making lunar obfervatioui. On the 9tn of June we made the ifland, which had the ap- pcarance of feveral detached hills ; the largeft of which very much rcfcmblcd the ftccplc of a church. As we advanced, and drew near it, we found the fea broke in a violent furf on fome funken rocks, which lay about a league from the fliorc. We now hoiftcd Englifh co- lours, and bore up round the north end of the ifle, which is a group of little iflots ; for we perceived plainly, that the land was unconneded, and divided by narrow channels. On one of thefe, next the main, are fe- veral ftrong forts, rendered fo by the nature of their fituation, which is fuch as to command all the anchor- ing and landing places aboutthe ifland. Wecontinucd to fail round the northern point, till the fandy beaches, before which is the road for fliipping, and the forts were open to the weftward of the faid point. As the Refo- lution advanced, a gun was fired, and immediately the Portugucfe colours w ere difplayed on all the forts : but not intending to flop here, we fired a gun to the lee- ward, and flood away to the northward, with a frefh breeze at E. S. E. The hill, which appears like a church tower, bore S. 27 deg. W. five miles diftant; and from our prefent point of view it appeared to lean, or over-hang to the eaft. Fernando de Noronha is in no part more than iix leagues in extent, and exhibits an unequal furface, well cloathed with wood and her- bage. Its latitude is 3 deg. 53 min. S. and its longi- tude carried oa by the watch, from St. Helena, is 32 deg. 34 min. W. Don Antonio d'Ulloa, in his ac- count of this ifland, fays, " that it hath two harbours, capable of receiving fliips of the grtatell burden ; one is on the north fide, and the other on the N. W. The former is, in every refped, the principal, both for ihelterand capacioufncfs.and thegoodncfsof its bottom; but both are cxpofed to the north and weft, though thefe winds, particularly the north, are periodical, and of no lon^ continuance. You anchor in the north har- tfoxit (which Capt. Cook called a road) in thirteen fa- thoms water, one third of a league from the fliore, bot- 3 torn of fine fand j the peaked hilt bearing S. W, ^ deg. foutherly." Thisrtad, o^(iu Ulloa terms it) harbour) is very fecure for fliipping, being fteltered from the fouth and eaftg winds. A mariner • in our fliip, had been aboard a Dutch Eaft Indiaman, who, on account of her crew being fickly, and in want of refrefliments, put into this ifle. By him wc were informed, that the PortUguefe fupplicd them with fomc buffaloes j and that they got their water behind one of the beaches, from a fmall pool fcarcely big enough to dip a bucket in. On Sunday, the i ith of June, at three o'clock P. M. in longitude 32 deg. 14 min. wc croflid the line. Wc had fqually weather from the E. S. E. with'fliowers of rain, w hich cotitinued, at times, till the 1 2th, and on the 23th the wind became variable. At noon were in the latitude of 3 deg. 49 min. N. and in 31 deg. 47 min. W. longitude. We had now for moft part of the day, dark, gloomy weather, till the evening of the 1 5th, at which time wc were in latitude 5 deg. 47 min. N. and in 31 deg. W. longitude. After this we had three fucceflivc calm days, in which wc had fair wea- ther and rains, alternately ; and fometimes the flcy was obfcured by dcnfc clouds, which broke in very heavy fliowcrs of rain. On Sunday, the 18th, we had a breeze at eaft, which fixed at N. E. and we ftretched to N. W. As we advanced to the north, the gale in- crcafed. On Wcdnefday, the 21ft, Capt. Cook or- dered the rtill to be fet to work; with a view of making thegreateft quantity poflible of frefli water. To try this experiment, the ftill was fitted to the largeft cop- per «e had, which held about fixty-four gallons of fait water. At four o'clock, A. M. the fire was lighted, and at fix the ftill began to run. The operation was coni^iniied till fix in the evening: at which time we had obtained thirty-two gallons of frefli water, and con- fiimed one bulhel and a half of coals. At noon, the mercury in the thermometer was eighty-four and a hilf, as high as it is generally found to rife at fea. Had it been lower, more water would have been pro- cured; for it is well known, that thecokler the air is, the cooler the ftill may be kept, whereby -.hefteam will be condenfed fafter. This invention u()on the w hole is a ufcful one, but it would not be prudent for a navi- gator to trurt wholly to it ; for though with plenty of fuel, and good coppers, as much water may be ob- tained, as w ill be neccflary to fupport life, yet the ut- moft efforts that can be employed in thjls work, will not procure a fufiiciency to fupport health, efpccially in hot climates, where frefli water is moft wanted j and in the opinion of Capt. Cook, founded on experience, the beft judge of this matter, nothing can contribute more to the health of feamen, than their having plenty of fweet frefli water. On Sunday, the 25th, we were in latitude 16 deg. 1 2 min. N. and in 37 deg. 20 min. W. longitude. Ob- ferving a fliip to windward, bearing down upon us, wc fhortencd fail ; but on her approaching, we found by her colours flic was Dutch ; we therefore made fail again, and left her to purfuc her courfe. On the 28th, wc obferved in the latitude of 21 deg. 21 min. N, lon- gitude 40 deg. 6 min. W. and our courfe made good was N. by W. On the 30th, a fhip palfed us within hale I but fhe was prefently out of fight, and we judged her to be Englifli. We were now in the latitude of 24 deg. 20 min. N. longitude 40 deg. 47 min. W. In la- titude 29 deg. 30 min. we faw fome fea-plants, com- monly called gulph weed, becaufe it is fuppnfcd to come from the gulph of Florida ; it may be fo, and yet it certainly vegetates at fea. We continued to fee this plant in fmall pieces, till in the latitude of 36-deg. N. beyond which parallel we faw no more of it. On Wcdnefday, the 5th of July, the wind veered to the eaft ; and the next day it was a calm. On the 7th and 8th wc had variable light airs; but on the 9th, the wind fixed at S. S. W. after which we had a frefh gale, and fteered firft N. E. and then E. N. E. our intention be- ing to make fome of the Azores, or Weftem Ifles. OnTuefday, the iith, wtf were in latitude 36 deg. 45 min. COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difcoveries in the SoUthSeai ic hound the H^orU. 195 45 min. N. and in 36 deg. 45 min. W. longitude, when we defcricd a fail accringto the weft; and on the nth, we came in fight of three more. . On Thuriifiy, the 13th, we made the ifte of Fayal, and on the 14th, at dajr-break, we entered the bay of De Horta, and at eight o'clock anchored in twenty fa- thoin* water, about half a mile from the (hore. Our defign in touching at this place, was to make obfcrva- tions, from whence might be determined with accu- racy the longitude of the Azores. We were dirci^ted by the mafter of the port, who came on board before we cart anchor, to moor N. E. and S. W. in this ftation, the S. W. point of the bay bore S. 1 6 deg. W. and the N. E. point, N. 33 deg, E. The church at the N. E. end of the town N. 38 deg. W. the weft point of St. George's ifland N, 4a deg. E. diftant eight leagues j and the iflc of Pico extending from N. 74 deg. E. to ■S. 46 deg. E. diftant five miles. In the H'.y wc found the Pourvoyer, a large French frigate, an Ameritan floop, and a brig belonging to Fayal. On thfc 14th, the Captain fent to the Englifli conful, and notified our arrival to the governor, begging his pcrmifTion to grant Mr. Wales an opportunity tO make his obfcrvation.s on (hore. "This was readily granted, and Mr. Dent, who aifted as conful in the ablcncc of Mr. Gathorne, not only procured this permifiion, but accommodated Mr. Wales with a convenient place in his garden to fct up his inftrunicnts ,' and in fevcral other particulars, this gentleman difcovcred a friendly readinefs to oblige us : even his houfe was always at our command both night and day ; and the entertainment we met with there was liberal and hofpitable. All the time we flaid at this place, the crew of our Ihip were fupplicd with plenty bf frcfti beef, and we purchafed about fifty tons of water, at the rate of about three ftiillings per ton. To hire (hore boats is the moft general cuftom here, though Ihipsare allowed, if they prefer many inconvenicncics to a trifling expencc, to water with their own boats. Fre(h provifions may be got, and hogs, flicep, and poultry, for fea-ftock, at reafonable rates. The (hccp are not only fmall, they are alfo very poor ; but thi bullocks and hogs are exceeding good. Here is plenty of wine to be had. ■ Before we proceed with our own obfervations, made during our abode at Fayal, it may be agreeable to our readers, to give them a brief account and dcfcription of all the Azores, or Weftern lllands. Thcfc have by different get^raphers, been varioufiy dccined parts of America, Africa, and Europe, as they are alniolt in a central point ; but we apprehend they may with more Sropriety be confidered as belonging to the latter, hey are a group oi' iflands, (ituated in the Atlantic ocean, between twenty-five and thirty-two degrees of welt longitude, and between thirty-feven and forty north latitude, nine hundred miles weft of Portugal, and as many eaft of Newfoundland. They are nine in number, viz. St. Maria, St. Miguel or St. Michael, Terceira, St. George, Graciofa, Fayal, Pico, Flores, and Corvo, Thefe iflands were firft difcovered by fomc Flemilh fhips in 1439, and afterwards by the Portuguefe in 1447, to whom they now belong. The two wefl:ern- moft were named Flores and Corvo, from the abun- dance of flowers on the one, and crows on the other. They arc all fertile, and fubjedt to a governor-general, who refides at Angra in Terceira, which is alfo the feat of the bi(hop, whofe diocefe extends over all the Azores, The income of the latter, which is paid in wheat, amounts to about two hundred pounds uerling a year. On every ifland there is a deputy-governor, }vho dire^ the police, militia, and revenue ; and a juiz, or judge, is at the head of the law department, from whom lies an appeal to a higher court iit Terceira, and from thence to the fupreme court at Liftxin. The natives of thefe iflands are faid to be very litigious. St. Miguel, the largeft, is one hundred miles in circumference, contains about twenty-nine thoufand inhabitants, and is veryTertilc in wheat and flax. Its chief town is Panta del Gado. This ifland was twice ravaged by the EngU(!i in th? Um? of queen Eliiabeth, Terceira it reckoned the chief ifland, on account of its having the bed harbour ; and its chief town, named Angra, being the rcfidence of the governor-general and the bifliop. The town contains a cathedral,: five other churches, eight convents, feveral courts of Of- fices, fkc. and is defended by two fortii. The ifland of Pico, fo called from ta mountain of va(t height, produces excellent wine, cedar, and a valuable wood callci'. teixos. On the (buth of the ifland is the principal harbour, called Villa das Lngcns. The inhabitants of Flores having been many years ago infcdted with the venereal difeale by the crew of a Spanifli man of war, that was wrecked upon their coa(t, the evil, it is faid, (till maintains its ground there, none of the inhabitants being free from it, as in Peru, and feme parts of Siberia, Travellers relate, that no poifonous or venomous ani- mal is to be found in the Azores, and that if carried thither, it will expire in a few hours. One tenth of alt their produdlions belong to the king, and the arti- cle of tobacco brings in a confiderable lum. The wine, called Fayal wine, is chiefly raifed in the ifland of Prco, which lies oppofite to Fayal, From eighteen to twenty thoufand pipes of that wine are made there yearly. AH of thcfc iflands enjoy a falubrioiis air, but are expqfcd to violent earthquakes, from which they have frequently fuffcred. Villa de Horta, the chief town in Fayal, like all the towns belonging to the Portuguefe, is crowded with religious buildings ; there being no Icfs in this little city, than three convents for men^ and two for women. Here are alfo eight churches, including thofe belonging to the convents, and that in the Jcfuits college. This college is a noble ftrudure, and featcd on an elevation ill the plcafantcft part of the city. Since the expul- (ion of that order, it has been fuHercd to go to decay, and, in a few years, by the all confuming hand of time, may be reduced to a heap of ruins. The principal, produce of Fayal is wheat and Indian corn, with which the inhabitants fupply Pico, which in return fends them wine more than fuflicicnt for their confumpribn, ■great quantities being annually fhipped from De Horta (for at I'ico there is no road for (hipping) for America, whence it has obtained the name of Fayal wine. The Villa de Horta is fituated in the bottom of a bay, clofc to the edge of the fca. It is defended by two caftles, one at each end of the town, and a (tone work extend- ing along the fca fliorc from the one to the other. But thefe works ferve more for (hew than defence j but it is a pity they (hould be fufFcred to run to decay; feeing they heighten greatly the profpcdl of the city, which is very beautiuil from the road ; but fetting afldc the religious houfes and churches, we faw not another edi- fice, that has any thing either within or without to re- commend it. J t is not the cultom in thefe parts among the Portuguefe, or Spaniards, to have glafs windows, but in this town the churches, and a country houfe lately belonging to the Englifh conful, have their win- dows glazed : all others are latticed, which gave them in our eyes the appearance of prifons. Before this Villa, at the ealt end of the ifland, is the bay or road of Fayal, which faces the welt end of Pico. It is a fcmi-circle, about two miles in diameter ; and its depth, or femi-diametcr, is three-fourths of a mile. The bot- tom is fandy, and the depth of water from fix to twenty fathoms ; but near the (nore, particularly at the S. W. head, the bottom is rocky ; as it al(b is without the line that.conneds the two points of the bay ; on which account it is not fafe to anchor too fai out. The bear- ings which wc have laid down when moored in this road, are fulficient to dircd; any (teerfman to the beft ground. The winds to which this road lies molt ex- pofed are thofe that blow from between the S, S. W. and S. E, but as you can always get to fea with the lat- ter, this is not fo dangerous as the former j and we were told, there is a fmall cove round the S. W, point, called Porto Piere, where fmall vclTels are heaved down, and wherein a (hip may lay tolerably fafb. Upon the whole, wc by no means think this road of Fayal a bad one. Wc were iii f 196 Capt. COOK't VOYAGES COMPLETE. ^ I m u... f i» 1 - ' ■i ! i 1 I ^ Were informed, by • Portugucfc capuin of the follow- ing piRiculan, which, if true, arc not unworthy of notice. However, hii account may be attended to by captaini of (hipi, though not entirely relied on. This Portusucfe told ui, that in the direction of S. E. about half aleague from the road, and in a line between that and the fouth (idea of Pico, lies a concealed funken rock, covered with twenty-two liithom water, and on which the Tea brealu from the fouth. He alfo gave us to underftand, that of all the diggin*;, foon found a bottle corked and waxed, down, wherein was a letter from Capt. Cook, informing us of their arrival at this place on the 3d in(lant,and thoii departure on the 24th, and that they intended fpeoding a few days in the entrancq of the Straits to look for us. We immediately fet about the necefftiY repairs of the (hip, with an intention of getting her to lea a* (bon as pofTible. On the i ft of December, the tents were carried on (bore, thearmou. rer's forge put up, ani every preparation made for th« recovery of^ the fick. The cooper* were difpatchcd on (hore to mend the cafks, and we began to unftow the hold to get at the bread ; but upon opening dw cafks, we found a great quantity of it entirely fpoilcd, and moll part fo oamagcd, that we were obliged to bake it over again, which unavoidably delaved us fome time. At intervals, during our (lay here, the natives came on board as ufual with great familiaritv. They gcnenlly brought fUb, or whatever they had to barter with us, and feemed to behave with great civi'ity; though twice in one night they came to the tents with an inten. tion of ftealing, but were difcovered before they had acctMnplifhed their defign. A party alfo came down in the night of the i3tn, and robbed the aflrttnomcr's tent of every thing they could carry awav. This they did fo quietly, that they were not fo much as heard, or fufpedled, till the aflronomer getting up to make an obtervation, miffed his inflruments, and charged the centinei with the robbery. This brought on a pretty fevere altercation, during which they fpicd an Indian creeping from the tent, at whom Mr. Bailey fired, and wounded him ; neverthelefs he made a Ihift to retreat into the woods. The report of the gun had alarmed his confederates, who, inilead of putting off from the ihore, fled into the woods, leaving their canoe, with moft of the things that had been Rolen, a-ground on the beach. This petty faureny, it is pn^bable, laid the foundation of that dreadful cataflrophe which fooi^ after happened. On Friday, the 1 7th, at which time we were preparing for our departure, we fent out our large cutter, manned with 7 feamen,uiider the command of Mr. John Rowe, the fiiil mate, accompanied by Mr. Woodhoufe, mid- (hipman, and James Tobias Swillor, the carpenter's fervant. They were to proceed up tne Sound to Grafs Cove, to gather greens and celery for the (hip's com- pany, with orders to return that evening t for the tents had been ftrtick at two in the afternoon, and the (hip nnade ready for failing the next day. Ni^t coming on, and no cutter appearing, the capuin ami others began to exprcfs great unca(inefs. They fat up all night, in expedation of their arrival, but to no purpole. At day -break, therefore, the Captain ordered the launch to be hoiftcd out. She was double manned, and under the command of our fecond lieutenant, Mr. Bumey, accompanied by Mr. Freeman, mailer, the corporal of marines with five private men, all well armed, and hav. ing plenty of ammunition^ two wall pieces, and three days provifions. They were ordered flrfl to look into eafl bay, then to proceed to Grafs Cove, and if nothing was to be feen or heard of the cutter there, they were to go further up the cove, and return by the weft (liore. Mr. Row having left the (hip an hour before the time propofed for his departure, we thought his curiofity might have carried him into eaft bay, none of our peo- ple having ever been there, or that fome accident might nave happened to the boat ; for not the lead Ibfpicion was enteruined of the lutives, our boats having been higher up, and worfc prodded. Mr. Bunicy returned about eleven o'clock the fame night, and gave us a pointed defcription of a moft horrible fcene indeed ; the fubftance, and every material particular of whofe , report, are conuined in the folfowing rclatioiv which includes the remarks ofthofe who attended Mr. Burnev. 3 D On !■-.'■(. I m I i'l I i It On Sanirdav the i8th, purfuanc to our orderi, we left the (hip, aoout nine o'clock in the morning. H«v- in^f a light breeze in our favour, wc foon got round Lxiii(T llUnd, and L na Point. We continued faitinff and row ing for Eall Bay, keeping clofe in fhorc, and examining with our glafTct every cove on the lar- board (\m, till near two o'cliKk in the afternoon, at which time we ftop(Kd at a bearh on our left going up liart Bay, to dref* our dinner. While we were cooking we Taw an Indian on the oApofite Ihoro, run- ning along a beach to the head of the bay i and when our meat was jttiV done, we uerceived a con^pany of the native* fccmingly verv bufy i ujjon feeing which, we got immediately into the boat, put off, and rowed quickly to the place where the favages were aflcmblcd, which was at tne head of thi.t reacn i and here, while approaching, we difcemed one of their fettlement*. An we drew near fome of the Indians came down upon the rocks, and w aved for us to depart ; but perceiving wc difregarded them, they altered their gefturcs, and wild notes. At this place weobferved fix large canoes hauled upon the beach, moft of them being double ones ; but the numlicr of people were in proportion neither to the fize of thefc canoes, nor the number of hnufcs. Our little company, confifting of the con porni and his five marines, headed by Mr. Burney, now landed, leaving the boat's crew to guard it. U|)on our approach the natives Hcd with great precipitation. Wc followed them clofcly to a little town, which we found deferted ; but while we were employed in fcarch- ing their hues, the natives returned, making a (hew of rcliftancc ; but fomc trifling prefents being made to their chiefs, they were very loon appcafed. However on our return to the boat, the favages again followed Vs, and fomc of them threw Rones. As wc came dow n to the beach, one of the Indians had brought a bundle of Hepatoos, or long fpears, but feeing Mr. Mumey looked very earneftly at him, he walked about with Teeming unconcern. Some of his companions appear- ing to DC terrified, a few trifles were giviin to each of them. I'rom the place w here we now landed, the bay feemed to run a full mile, N. N. W. where it ended in a long Tandy beach. After dinner wc tonk a view of «hc country near the coaft with our glafTes, but faw not a canoe, or (igns of inhabitants, alter which we fired the wall pieces as fignals to the cutter, if any of the people thould happen to be within hearing. We now renewed our fcarcn along the eafl (bore; and came to another fcttlemcnt where the Indians invited us afhore. IVe enquired of themaliout the cutter, but they pre- tended ignorance. They feemed very friendly, and fold «is foine fifh. .\z about five o'clock in the afternoon, and within an hour after we had left this place, wc opened a fmall bay adjoining tii" Grafs Cove, and her6 wc law a large «ioublc canoe, juft hauled upon the beach, with two men and a dog. The two favages, on feeing us ap- wroach, inftantly fled, which made us fufpedt, it was here we ihould have fome tidings of the cutter. On landing, and examining the canoe, the firft thing wc faw therein were one of our cutter's rullock ports, and fome ilioes. one of which among the latter, was known to be- long to Mr. Woodhoufe. A piece of flelh was found by one of our people, which at firft was thought tc be ioitie of the fait meat belonging to the cutter's men, but upon examination, we fuppofed it to be dog's fiefh ; a inoli horrid and undeniable proof foon dearcS up our doubts, and convinced us wc were among no other than cannibals; for advancing further on the beach, we faw about twenty balkets tied up, and a dog eating a piece of broilea flefh, which upon examining we tuf- peded to be human. We cut open the bafkets, fomc of which were full of roafted flelh, and others of fern root, which ferves them tor bread. Searching others we found more Ihoes, and a hand, which was imme- diately known to have belon^d to Thomas Hill, one of our fore-caftic men, it havuig been tatowed with the initials of his name. Wc now proceeded a little way ill the woods, but faw nothing elfc. Our next deflgn was to launch the canoe, intending to doftrojr her; but feeing a great fmoke afcending over the ncarcfV hill, we made all pollible hade to be with them before fun-fet. At half after (Ix we opennl (Jrafs Cove, where we faw one Unglc, and three double canoes, and a great many natives affemblcti on the beach, who retreated to a fmall hill, within a (hip's length of the water- fide, where thev ftootl talking to us. On the top of the high land, beyond the woods, was a large lire, from whence all the way down the hill, the place was rhronged like a fair. When we entered the cove, a iTiufquctoon was fired at one of the canoes, as wc ima - ginal they might be full of men lying down ( fur thty were all afloat, but no one was fcen in them. Being doubtful whether their retreat proceeded from fear, or a defirc to decoy us into an ambufca.'e, we were deter- mined not to be furprifed, and therefore running dole in (1iore,we dropped the grappling near enough to reach them with ot;r gunsi but at too great a diftance to be under any apprehcniions from tncir treachery. I'hc favages on the little hill kept their ground, hallooing, and making ligns for us to land. At thefc we now took aim, refolving to kill as many of them as our bullets would reach ; yet it was fome time before wc could dillfldge them. The firft volley did not fccn> to affect them 'much; but on the fecond, they began to fcrambic away as fall they could, fome howling and others limping. Wc continued to fire as long as we ix)uld fee the leaft glimpfe of any of them through the bufhes. Amon^ thefe were two very robuft men, who maintained thcirground, without moving an inch, till they found themfelves forfaken by all their compa- nions, and then, difdaining to run, they marched ofi' with great compufurc and (deliberation. One of them, however, got a fall, and either lay there, or crawled away on his hands and feet ; but thcothcr efcaped with- out any apparent hurt. Mr. Burney now improved their panic, and, fupported by the marines, leapt on (hore, and purfued the fugitives. Wc had not ad- vanced far from the water-fide, on the beach, before we met with two bundles of celery, which had been gathered by the cutter's crew. A broken oar was ftuck upright in the ground, to which the natives had tied their canoes ; whereby we were convinced this was the fpot where the attack had been made. We now fearched all along at the back of the beach, to fee if the cutter was there, but inftead of her, the moft horrible fccne was prefented to our view, that was ever beheld by any European; for here lay the hearts, heads, and lungs of Icveral of our people, with hands and limbs, in a mangled condition, fomc broiled and fome raw ; but no other parts of their bodies, which made us fuf- pe£t, that the cannibals had feafted upon, and de- voured the reft. To complete this ihocking view of carnage and barbarity, at a little diftance, wc faw the dogs gnawing their intrails. Weobferved a large body of the natives coUeSed together on a hill about two miles off; but as night drew on a-pacc, we could not ad- vance to fuch aaiftance; neither did wc think it fafe to attack them, or even to quit the ihore, to take an ac- count of the number killed, our troop being a very fiwallonc, and the favages were both numerous, fierce, and much irriuted. While we remained almoft ftupi- iicd on the ^t, Mr. Fannen faid, that he heard the cannibals affembling in the woods ; on which we re- turned to our boat, and having hauled alongfide the canoes, wc demoliftied three of them. During this tranfadion, the fire on the top of the hill difappeared, and we could hear the favages in the woods at high words ; quarrelling perhaps, on account of their diire- rent opinions, whetner they (hould attack us, and try to fave their canoes. They were armed with long lances, and weapons not unlike a ferjeant's halbert in fhape, made of hard wood, and mounted with bone in- ftead of iron. We fufpeded, that the dead bodies of our people had becoilivided among thofe different parties of cannables, who had been concerned in the mairacre; and it was not improbable, that the group we faw at a diftance by the fire, were feafting upon fome of them, as thofe on ftiore had been, where the remains were found "V'> : remauis were fiiund, bcft)rc they had heen difturbtd by our imcx- jKi\cA vifit : be- that ai it nuy, we could difcovcr no tracri of inorc than four of our friend* hodici, nor could wc find the place where the cutter WMtonceiiled. It now grew dark, on which account, we collciited carefully thr rcinainn of our mangled friends, and put- ting off, made the beft of our way from thi« j)olliitcd Elacc, not without a few execrations iK-ftowcd on the lood-thirfty inhabitant*. When wc opened the upper part of the Sound, we faw a very lar^r.e I'u-c aliout three or fw miles higher up, which formed a complete oval, reaching from the top of a hill down almoO to the ws- tcr-fidc I the middle fpace being inclofcd all rmiml by the fire, like a hedge. Mr. iTurney and Mr. I'annen having confulted togctlur, they were Iwth of opinion, that we could, by an attempt, reap no other advantaEC than the poor fatisfaelion ut killing fomc more of the favagcs. Upon leaving (irafs Cove, wo had fired a volley towardi where wc beard the Indiana talking t but by going in and out of the boat, our pieces had got wet, and tour of them mifled fire. What rendered our fituation more critical was, it began to rain, and our ammunition was more than half expended. Wc, for thcfc reafons, without fpcnding time where nothing could be hoped for but revenge, pro<:eeded for the (hip, and arrived fafc aboard before midnight. Such it the account of this tragical event j the poor vidlims were far enough out of hearing, and in all probability every man of them muft have been butchered on the fpot. It may be proper here to mention, that the whole number of men in the cutter were ten, namely, Mr: Row, our firft mate, Mr, Woodhoufc, a midlhipman, Francis Murphy, quarter-mailer, James Sevilley, the Captain's fervant, John Lavcnaugh, and Thomas Mil- ton, belonging ti» the after-guard i William Facey, Thomas Hal, Michael Bell, and txlward Jones, fore- caftle-mcn. Moft of thcfe were the ftoutell and moft healthy people in the ihip, having been felcdcd from our bell feamen. Mr. Burncy's party brought on board the head of the Captain's fervant, with two hands, one belonging to Mr. Kowc, known bv a hurt it had re- ceived ( and the other to Thomas Hill, being marked with T. H. as before mentioned. Thefe, with other mangled remains, were inclofed in a hammock, and with the ufual ceremony obferved on board Hiips, were committed to the fca. Not any of their arms were found t nor any of their cloaths, except fix Ihocs, no two of which were fellows, a frock, and a pair of trowfers. We do not think this melancholy cataftrophe was the cfTedl of a premeditated plan, formed by the ravages ; for two canoes came down, and continued all the forenoon in Ship Cove, and thefe Mr. Kowc met, and bartered with the natives for fome fifli. We are rather inclined to Leiievc, that the bloody tranfadlion originated in a quarrel with fome of the Indians, which was decided on the fpot; or, our people rambling about too fccure, and incautious, the fairnefs of the op- portunity might tempt them to commit the bloody deed ; and what might encourage them was, they had found out, that our guns were not infallible ( they had feen them mifs lire ; and they knew, that when dif- chargcd, they mud be loaded before they could again do any execution, which interval of time they could take proper advantage of. From fome circumllanccs wc concluded, that after their fuccefs, there was a ge- neral meeting on the cad fide of the Sound. We know the Indians of Shag Cove were there, by a long finglc canoe, which Ibmc of our people with Mr. Kowc had feen four days before in Shag Cove. After this (hock- ing affair, we were dcuined four days in the Sound by coi|trary winds, in which time wc (aw none of the in- liabitints. It is a little remarkable, that Captain Fur- neaux had been (evcral times up Grafs Cove with Capt. Cook, where they faw no inhabitants, and no other figns of any, but a few dcferted villages which ap- peared as if they had not been occupied for many years; and yet, it) Mr. Burncy's opinion, when he en- tered the fame cove, there could not be Icfs than fifteen hundred, or two thoufand people. Had they been ap- p0zed of his comiiig, we doubt not they would have at- tacked him ) and feeing not a probability remained of any of our people being alive, frum thefe conlidcnf tions, wc thought it would be impnidcnt to renew the fearch, and fend a boat up again. On Thurfdav, the ajd of December, we departed from, and made fail out of the Sound, heartily vexed at the unavoidable delays we had experienced, fo con- trary toourfunguine willies. We (Ioo(ition was ever more clearly de* monftratcd, that there is no continent undi(covcred ih the Ibutiicrn hcmi(pherc, between the equator and the joth dcg. of foutnem latitude, in which fpace all who have contended for its eiti(teiKC hive included, if not the w hole, at iea(t the mad confiderable part. Butat the fame time that we declare ourfclves thus clear- ly convinced of the non>i«xiftenceof a continent within the limits jull mentioned, we cannot help acknow- ledging our ready belief, that the land our navigators have chfcovcred to the S. E. of Staten Land, is part of a continent, proje order with fcamen 1 whereas others who live in as high a latitude, but in a difierent manner, are free from it. Thus we are informed by Linneus, that the Laplanders are unacquainted with the fcurvy ; for which no other rcafon can be afiigned, than their never eating falted meats, nor indeed faltwith any thing, but their ufijig all the frefh flefti of their rein deer. And this exemption of the hyperborean nations from the general diftemper of the north, is the more remarkable, a» they fcldom tafte vegetables, and bread never. Yet in the yery Crovinces, bordering on Lapland, where they ulc read, but fcarcely any veectables, and eat falted meats, they are as much troubled with the fcurvy as in any other country. But hi-re wc may properly obfervc, that the late improvements in agriculture, gardening, and hufbandry, oy extending their falubrious influence to the remoteft paru of Europe, and to the loweft clafs of people, begin fen(ibly to leffen the frequency of that complaint, even in thole climates wherein it has been moft brief uid fiital. Again, it has been aflerted, that thoTe who live on ftiore. or landfmen, will be afleded with the fcurvy, though they may have never been con- fined to fait meats : but of this we have not met with . any inftances, excqit anMms fuch who have breathed a marfhy air, or what was otnerwUe putrid t or annong thofe wtw wanted exercife, (ruits, and the common vegetables : under which particular circumftances we grant, that the humoHn will corrupt in the iiuue ouoi- ncf. ^1 i\ COOK'» SECOND VOYAGE— for making Dijhvtfin in the SMb ^i'/r/ 6c Round xhltH^erlJ. %oi ■cr, ihotigh noc in the f«mc dci^rre, with thorc »)f fcamen. In the war, when Sidnghurll Callle m Kfnf, «ai tilled with French prifoncri, the fciirvy hrnkc out anions them, notwithitanUinf' thry hiul luvcr been fcrvcd with raited victuali in r'n^j^lanJ, Imu had daily an allowance of frefh meat, and bread iit proportion, though without vegetables. And hctidoi the warit of fhi» neccflary fupply of greens, the ward* were crowd- ed and foul, the houfc damp, bv reafon nCa circum- ambient moat, and the bounds allotted for caking the air were fo fmall, and in wet weather fo fwampidi, that the men fcldom were difpofrtl to (|iiit the houli,-. A reprelentation having Inrcn made of thcllilrncicnciei, in confeqiience thereof the prifoncra were funplied with roots and greens for boiling in thir hrotn, the tick were quartered out in n dry lituation, where they had the liberty of air and excrnfe i and by thefc means they all qiiicklv' recovered. VVc think it probable that the fcurvy rooner appeared among thefe (Grangers, from their having been taken nt fra, and therefore, from their dirt, they were more difp.iftid to the dircnfc. Such is the niture and caulV of that (Icknefs moft de- Rruiflivc to faiiors. Let us now take a tranfinit view of irs dreadful ra- rages t and by » contrail between the old and prefcnt times, we (hall fee, more evidently, the importance and value of the means propoftd, and which have been moH fuccefsfully employed by Capt. Cook, for its prevention and cure. In the firft voyage for the clhblilhment of the EnO-India Company, a fquadron was fitted out, and under the comiiland of l.anca(ler (who was then Riled general) in the year 1601. The rquipincnt confided of four Ihips, with four hundred and eighty men on board. Three of thole vcflTels were fo weakened bv the fcui^y, when they had got only three degrees beyond the equinoxial line, that the merchants, who had embarked on this adventure, were obliged to do duty as common failors. At fia, on fliorc, ami at Soldania, the then place of refrelh- tnenton this fide the Cape of Good Hope, there died in all, nearly a fourth part of their complement, and that before they had proceeded halfway to the place of their deAination. Sir William Hawkins, who lived in that age, an intelligent and brave fea-oHicer. has left it upon record, " that in twenty years, during which he had ufed the fea, he could give an account often thou, land mariners who had been confumed by the fcurvy alone." If then in the very infancy of the naval power of England, fo many were deflroycd by that bane of fea- faring men, what muft have been the havock made Jincc that early date, while our fleet has been gradu- ally incrcafing, new ports for commerce ojiening, and yet fo little advancement made in the nautical part of medicine. And within our own remembrance, when it might have been cxpeded. that whatever tended to aggrandize the naval power of Great Britain, and to ex- tend her cortimcrce, would have received the Ingheft inipi-ovcment: yet, even at thefe latter dates, we fliali ftid lew tneafures were adopted to prefervc the health of fcatncn, more than had been known to our un- informed ancertors. The fuccefsful, but mournful ex- pedition of Commodore Anfon, afterwards an admiral, iind lord, alfords a melancholy proof of the truth of this aflcrtion. After having pafled the ftraitsofLa Mairc, the fcurvy b^an to Tage violently in this little fquadron; and by the time the Centurion had ad- vanced but a little way into the South Sea, forty-fcven failors died of it in that fliip ; nor were there fcarcely any on board, who had not, in fomc degree, been toiichcd with the diftemper, though they had not at that time been quite eight months from England, In the ninth month, when abrcaft of the ifland of Juan I'crnandez, the Centurion loft double that number ; and fuch an amazing fwift progrefs did the mortality make in this fingle thip, that before they landed 00 that ifland the had buried 200 of her hands ; not be- iiig able to mufler any more in a watch, capable c£ doing duty, than two quarter mafters, and fix ten. mart men. This was the condition of one of the three fliips which reached that ifland j and the other two No. 24. futfercd in proportion; Nor did the deftrbyer ftophcre hit cruel ranges, but, after a few months refpite, re- newed hi* atiacMi for the lame difeafe broke out afrell). making fuch havock, that before the Centurion (in which were the whole furvivino crews of the three (hips) hid reached the ifland of T'inian, there died fuinciimes eight or ten in a day, fn that when they had bct-n only two years on their voyage, they had loft a larger proportion than of four in live of their original numh.T, and all of them after having entered the Sifnony of Capt. Cook and others, in lavour of Sweet Wort, as being the bcft antifcorbutic medicine yet known. •' I have found (obfcrvcs this gentleman) the wort of the utmoft fervicc in all fcorbucic cafes duHng the voyage. Ai many took it by way of prevention, few cafes occurred where it had a fair trial i but thefe, however, I flatter myfcif, will be futlkicnt to convince every impartial pcrfon, it is the bed remedy hitherto found out for the cure of the fea fcurvy j and I am well convinced, from what I have fxn the wort perform, and from its mode of operation, that if aided by portable foup, four-krout, fugar, fago, and currants, the fcurvy, that maritime pef- tilence.willfeldom.or never make itsappearance among a fliip's crew, on the longcft voyages ; proper care with regard to cleanlinefsand provilions being obferved." It hath been conftantly oblerved by ouf fea-furgeons, that in long cruizes, or diftant voyages, the fcurvy never makes its alarming apfxarance. lolongasthc men have their full allowance of fmall beer j but that when it is all expended, the diforder foon prevails : it were therefoiv to be wiflied,that our fliips would afford fulficient room for this wholefome beverage. But, we are informed, the Ruflians both on board, as well as on land, make the following middle quality between wort and fmall beer. They take ground malt and rye meal in a ceruin pro- portion, which they knead into fmall loaves, and bake m the oven. Thefe they infufe occafionally in a pro- per quantity of warm water, which beginsTo foon to femient, that in the fpacc of 34 hours, their brewage is completed, and a fmall, brilk, acetous liquor pro- duced, to which they have given the name of quaa. Dr. Mounfey, who lived long in Ruffia, in writing to his friends in England, obferves. that the quas is the common and faluury drink both of the fleets and armies of that empire, and that it was peculiarly good. The fame gentleman having vifited thefeveral pnfons in the city of MoTcow, was fuiprized to find it foil of 3 K . mal .^uStora ill I m 1 ■ '; 202 Cijit. C O O K's V 6 V A O E S COMPLETE. : 1 :. I c: W il '' :lf^ malcfatSton, but more To when he could difcovcr no fever among them, nor learn that, any acute didempcri peculiar to jails, had ever been know/i there. He ob> fcrved, that fome oi'thofe places ifat confinement had a yard, for the ufe of the prlfonen, but in others with- out that advantage, they were not' Ikklv: fo that he could aflign no other k-eafon for the healthful condition of thoftmcn, than their kind of diet, which was the lame with that of the common people of the country, who live moftly on rye-bread (a (trorw acefcent) and drink quas. Upon his return to St. Peterfburgh, he had made the fame enquiry there, and with the fame refult. From this account it (hould feem, that the rye-meal both quickens the fenncntation, and adds more fixed air, fincc the malt alone could not fo readily produce fuch a tart, brifk liquor. And there is little doubt, but that whenever the other grains can be brought to a proper degree of fermentation, they will more or lefs in the fame way become ufeful. That oats will, we are convinced from an experiment made by Capt. Cook. When on a cruize in the EiFcx, a 74 gun Ihip. and the fcurvy breaking out among his crew, he rccolleded a kind of food moft proper on that occafion, which he had fecn ufed in fome parts of the north, called Sooins. This is made by putting fome oat-meal into a wooden veflcl ; then pouring hot water upon it, let the infufion continue until the liquor be- gms totaflc fourifl), that is, till a fermentation comes on, which, in a place moderately warm, may be pro- duced in iibout two days. The water muft then be poured oH'from the grounds, and boiled down to the conliftence of a jelly. This the Captain ordered to be made and dealt out in meflcs, being firfl fweeteneti with fugar, and fcafoncd with fome prize French wine, which, though turned four, improved the tade. This diet chiefly, not lefs palatable than medicinal, and by abdaining from fait meats, quite recovered his fcor- butic lick, not only in this, but in fubfequent cmizes, without his being obliged to fend one of them on ihore becaufe they could not recover at fea. Before the power of the fixed air in fubduing putrcfaiflion was known, the efficacy of fruits, greens, and fermented liquors was commonly afcribed to the acid in their compo- fition; and we have flill reafon to believe, that the acid concurs in operating that cffed. In cafe of a farcity in thefe articles, or a deficiency of malt, or when the grain Ihould be fpoiled, other fubflitutes may be found very lerviceable; as diflilled water, acidulated with the fpiritof fea fait, in the proportion of only ten drops to a quart; or with the weak fpirit of vitriol, •hirtcen drops to the fame meafure, which may be given to thofe who are threatened with the fcurvy, at lead three quarts of this liquor daily, to be drank with dif- grounded clafs of alcalefccnts was fuppofed to be a promoter. III. Portable Soup was another article with which the Refolution was plentifully fupplicd. An ounce to each man, or fuch other quantity as circumftances pointed out, was boiled in their pcafc daily, three days in every week; and when vegetables were to be had it was boiled with them. Of this were made feveral nourifhing meffes, which occafioncd the crew to cat a greater quantity of vegetables than they would other- wife have done. This broth being freed from all fat, and liaving by long boiling cvapoiatcd the moft putrc- fcent parts of^ the meat, is reduced to the confiftence of a glue, which in effed it is, and will, like other glues, in a dry place, keep found for many years. IV. The Rob of Oranges a;id Lemons, which the furgeon made ufe of in many cafes, with great fuccefs. Capt. Cook, it has been obfervcd. did not much rely on thefe acids as a prcfcrvativc againft the fcurvy ; for which the following reafon has been afllgncd by one of our moft eminent phyfical profciTors. Tbcfc pre- parations being only lent out upon trial, the furgeon of the fhip was told how much he might give wr a dofe, without ftricUy limiting the quantum. The exr periment was made with the quuntity fpecified. but with fo little fuccefs, that judging it not prudent to lofe more time, he let about the cure with the wort alone, of the cfhcacy of which he was fully convinced ; while he referved the robs for other purpofcs j more particularly for colds, when to a large draught of warm water, with fome fpirits and fugar, he added i| fpoonful of one of them, and with thefe ingredients made a grateful fudoritic that anfwered his intention. To which we may add, as worthy of notice, that as they had been reduced to a fmall proportion of their bulk by evaporation, it is probable they were much weaken- ed, and that with their aqueous particles they had, by the fire, loit not a little of their aerial. If therefore a further trial of thefe juices were to be made, they (liould be fent to fea purified and entire in caiks, agreeable to a propofal lent into the Admiralty (bmc yer.rs ago, by an experienced furgeon of the navy. Upon the whole, the teftimonics in favour of the falutary qualities of thefe acids are fo numerous, and fo ftrong. that w^ (liould look upon fome failures, even in cafes where their want of fuccefs cannot fo well be accounted for as in this voyage, not a fuflicicnt reafon for ftriking them out of this lift of prefervatives againfl the confuming ma- lady to which feamen are particularly fubjct^i:. Nor muft we omit obfcrving under this head, that Capt. Cook fays not more in praife of vinegar than of the robs, as appears from an extrad of a letter, which he wrote to the prefident of the Royal Society, dated Plymouth Sound. July 7th, 1776. " I entirely agree with you, (fays the Captain) that the dearncfs of the Rob of Lemons., and oiOranges, will hinder them f-om being purchafed in lai^ge quantities ; but I do not think thefe foneceflary; for though they may afTill other things, I have no great opinion of them alone. Nor have I a higher opinion ot vinegar. My people had it very fparingly during the late voyage ; and towards the latter part, none at all ; and yet wc experienced no ill cfFeds from the want of it. The cuftomof walhinK the infideof the fhijp with vinegar I fcldom obfervcd, thinking fire and unoke anfwered the purpofe much better." We will not controvert the poiition here laid down by Capt. Cook, nor would wc infer from hence, that he thought vinegar of little I'ervice to a (hip's company, but only that as he happened in this voyage to be fparingly provided with it. and yet did well, he could not therefore conlider a large ftore of vinegar to be fo material an article of provilions, as was common- ly imagined : but notwithftanding the Captain fup- plied itt place with four krout, and truftcd chiefly to (ire COOK'S SECOND VOYAGE-rfor making Difcoveriei in the SauthSias & Round the World. %K for purifying his dccki, yet it is to be hoped future oavigators will not wholly omit fuch a rcfrcihing and I'fcful article. It is. at (call a wholcfome variety in feafoning, very proper for cleanfing the receptacles of the lick, and may be ufcd at times, fuccersfully as • medicine. The phyficianhimfclf will fniell to vine- gar to prevent infeaion from contagious difcafes, and the fmell is certainly agreeable to tlK< lick, crpecially to fuch who may be confined to a foul and crowded ward. Thus much for the falutary articles that have af late been added to the naval (lores of all the king's ftips on long voyages, which Capt. Cook ordered to be difpenfcdT as occafion might require, in a bountiful manner ; to which he added the following regulations, cither wholly new, or hints from Sir Hugh Pallifer, Captains Campbell, Wallis, and other experienced friends ; and as from thcfc he formed a plan to which all his (hip's company were to conform, he made them his own, and we may therefore juQIy place the merit to our (kilful commander's account. . V. CaptainCook put hiscrew at three watches, indcad of two ; that is, he formed his whole crew into three divifions, each of which was ordered upon the watch by the boatfwain four hours at a time ; fo that every man had eight houra free, fur four of duty : whereas at watch and watch, the half of the men being on duty at once, with returns of it every four hours, they can have but broken deep, and when cxpofed to wet, they cannot have time to get dry before the whiOlc calls them up, or they may lie down to rdt thenifelves. When fervicc requires, hard(hips niuft be endured, and no men in the world encounter theni fo readily, and with fuch alacrity, as our thorough bred Eng- lifh feamen do ; neverthclefs. When there is no prelTing call, ought not our brave, hardy mariners to be in- dulged with as much uninterhipted rcll as our com- mon labourers ? Indeed it is the pradicc of all good officers to expofe their men as little to wet weather as pofTible J and we doubt not but they will pay attention to what was made an cdential point with our humane commander. In the torrid zone he (haded his peoj)le from the fcorching rays of the fun by an aw ning over his deck s and in his courfe under the fouthern pqlar circle, he provided for each man what the faiiors called their Maghellanjacket, made of a fubftantial woollen ftulf, with the addition of a hood for covering their heads ; and this garb they found moft comfortable for Working in rain and fnow, and among the loofe ice in high fouthern latitudes. If Rome decreed a civic crown to him who faved the life of a (ingle citizen, what honorary rewards, what-j^aifes are due to that hero, who contrived, and employed, fuch new means to fave many ; means, whereby Britannia will no more lament, on the return of her fhips from didant voyages, the lofs of her bold fons, her intrepid mariners, who by braving every danger, have fo liberally contributed to the profperity, opulence, and glory of her maritime empire ! VI. Unremitted care was takciLto guard againft pu- trcfadion, and a variety of nicafurcs purfued, in order to procure, and maintain, a purity of air in the ftiip. To this end, feme wood, and that not fparingly, being put into a proper (love, was lighted, and carried fuc- cc(rively to every part below deck. Wherever fire is, theairneared toit, being heated, becomes fpecilically lighter, and by being lighter rifes, and palTes through the hatchways into the atmofphere. The partial va- cuum is filled with die cold air around, and that being heated in its turn, in like manner afcends, and it re- placed with other air as before. Thus by continuing the fire for fome timcr in any of the lower apartments, the foul air is in a good meafure driven out, and the frefli admitted. Bcfides, the acid fleams of the wood, in burning, adl probably here as an antifeptic, and cor- rcdl the corrupted air that remains. The fbip was ge- nerally thus aired with fires once or twice a week. It has been obferved by an officer of diftinguilhed tank, that all the old twenty gun (hips were remarkably lefi fickly than thole equal iii dimenfions, but of modem conarudlwa} which circutuftancc he could no«ther> 4 I wife account for, than by the former having their fire* place or kitchen in the fore part of the deck immedi- ately above the hold, where the Hue vented fo ill, that, when the wind was a-ftern, every part was filled with fntokc. This was a nuifance for the time, but which was abundantly compenfated by the good health of the (everal crews > for thofe fire places dried the lower decks, much more when placed below, than they can now under the forc-caflle upon the upper deck. But the niofl beneficial end aiifwered by thefe portable (loves was, their drying up the damps, and foul moifturc, efpecially in thofe places where the air was mod likely to be corrupted for the want of a free cir- culation. This foul moifture is formed of the breath, and pcrfpirable matter of a multitude of men, of the animals, or live flock, and of the fleams of the bilge water from the well, where the flagnated corruption is the greatcft. This putrid humidity, being one of the principal fouroes of the fcorbutic difcafe, was, in order to its removal, particularly attended to ; and while the fires were burning, forae of the hands were employed in rubbing hard, with canvafs, or oakum, every part of the fhip that was damp and aocefTible. But the advantage of thefe means, for preferving the health of mariners, appeared no where fo confpicuous, as in pu- rifying the well : which being lituated in the lowed part of the hold, the whole leakage runs into it, whe- ther of the (hip itfelf, or the calks of fpoiled meat, or corrupted water. Yet this place was rendered both fafcand fweet by means of an iron pot filled with lire, and let down to burn therein : we fay fafe, becaufe the noxious vapours, from this (ink alone, have often been the caufe of inllantaneous death to thofe who have un- warily approached to clean it ; and not to one only, but to feveral fucccffivcly, when they have gone down to fuccour their unfortunate alTiflants. When this wholefome procefs could not take place, by reafonof flormy weather, the fliip was fumigated with gunpow- der, mixed with vinegar or water. The fmoke could have little effedl in drying, but it might correcflthe pu* trid air, by means of the acid fpirits from the (\ilphur and nitre, a(7ided perhaps by the aerial fluid, then dif- engaged from the fuel, to counterad putrefaction. Theic purifications by gunpowder, by burning tar, and other refinous fubdances, are fufficiently kuown. Wc wifli the fame could be faid of the ventilator, invented by Dr. Hales, the credit of w hich, though wc are con- vinced of its excellence, is far from being eftabliftied in the navy. Perhaps Capt. Cook had not time to exa- mine it. and thcretoK would not encumber his fliip with a machine he had polTibly never feen worked, and of which, he had, at bed, received but a doubtful (haradler; and wc find he was not altogether unpro- vided with an apparatus for ventilation. He had the windfalls, which he found very ferviccable, particularly between the tropics. They take up little room, require no labour in working, and the invention is fo fimplc, that they can fail in no hands ; but, yet their powers are fmall in comparifon with thofe of Haless venti- lator » add to which, they cannot be put up in hard gales of wind, and they are of no ufe m dead calms, when a circulation of air is chiefly necelTary, and re- quired. VII. The attention of Capt. Cook wasdireifted not only to the fliip. but to the perfons, hammocks, bed- ding, cloaths, &c. of the crew, and even to the uten- flls they ufed, that the whole might be condantlykept clean and dry. Proper attention was paid to the fliip's coppers ; and Ae fat which boiled out of the fait beef and pork, the Captain never fuflcred to be given to the people, being of opinion that it promotes the fcurvy, Cleanlincfs is not only conducive to health, it alfo tends to regularity, and is the patron of other virtues. If you can perfuade thofe who are to be under command, to be moiie cleanly than they are difpofed to be of them- fdves,:tfaoy will become more fober, more orderl)-, and roort- attentive to their duty. The practice in the army verifiei this obfervation i yet, we confefs, a ma- riner has indifferent means to keep hiinfclf clean, had he the indtnation to. danit; but. in our opinion, fea officers i : 104 dipt. C O O K'l VOYAGES COMPLETE. I. ' H K > Ifi ' Sii^ t ! bflkcn might avail themrdves of the Kill for ^vi- ding frcfh water (br the purpore of vi»OAnffi feeing it U well known thit fait water will not inik with ibap. and linen wet with brine fcldom thoroughly driet. as for Ci^pt. Cddk, one morning, in every weeki he pafled hit ihip't compitny in trvitw. and faw that every liian had chariged his linen, and was in other poinM at clean as circumftances would permit ; and the finequeht opportunities he had of uking in frefh water aihOng the iflands in the South Sea, enabled him to allow his crew a fufficient quantity of this wholefimte article for every ufe ; and this brings us to another ufeful means conducive to the health of Icamen. VIII. Capt. Cook thought frefli water from the fliore preferable to that which has been kept fome time on board a (hip, and therefore he was careful to procure a fupply of this eifential article wherever it was to be obtained, even though his company were not in want of it : nor were they ever at an allowance, but had al- ways fufficient for every neceflary purpofe. Nor was the Captain without an apparatus for dillillingfrelh wa- ter; but thoug!-. lie availed himfelf fometimes of the invention, he did not relv on it, finding by experi- ments, that he could not obtain by this means nearly fo much as was expedlcd. This was no difappointinent to him, fince within the fbuthcm tropic, in the Pacific Ocean, he difcovcred fo many iflands, all well flored with whoicfomc fprings j and when in the high lati- tudes, far from a lingle fountain, he found the.hard- iliips and dangers infeparabic from the frigid zone, in feme degree compeniatcd by the lingular felicity he enjoyed. Of extraoing incxhauflible fupplics of frefh water from an ocean (Irewcd with ice, Tiiofe Very flioals, fields, and floating mountains of i<:e, among which he fleered his perilous courfe, and which pre- ftnted fuch terrifying objeds of dcitrudion, were the very means of his fupport, by fupplying him abun- dantly with what he mod wanted. I'hat all frozen water would thaw into fi'fh, was a paradox that had been alTetted, but met with little credit : even Capr. Ceok himfelf expcded no fuch tranfmutation ; and therefore was agreeably fuipriftd to find he had one difficulty Icfs to encounter, namely, tl»t of preferving the health of his men folong«n fait and putrid provi- fions, with a fcanty allowance of, perhaps, foul water, or only what he could obtain by the ufe of the ftil). An antient writer of great authority, no lefs than one of the Pliny's, had affigned. from theory, bad qualities to melted fnow ; but our judicious commander affirm*, that melted ice of the fca is not only frefli, but fofi, and fo wholefome, as to fhew the Macy of human rcafbn unlUpported by experiment*. And what is veiy re- markable, though m the midfl of fleets, fidls of mow, thick fogs, and much moift weather, the Refblution enjoyed nearly the fanw flate of health, fhe had ex- perienced in the temperate and torrid zones. Indeed towards the end of the (everal courfes. JbnM of the mariners b^n to complain of the fcurvy, but thk difeafe made little progrefs ; nor were odier diforden, colds, diarrhoeas, intermittentt, and continued as fevers, either numerous, alarming, or iittal. Nor muft we omit here the renaark of a celebrated phy- ftcian; who juftly obferves, " that much commendation is due to the attention and abilities of Mr. Fatten, the furaeon of the Refolution, for having fo wdl fecond- edhis Captain in the difcbaive of nisdiflv. For it muft be allowed, that in defpite of the bdt regulati- ons, and the beft provifionsr there will alwtya be among a numerous crew, during a long voyage, fome cafu- altiea more or lefs produdive of fickneft,- and unlefs thefe be an intelligent medical aflUfauiton boafd,many, under the wifeft commander, will perifh, that other- wife might have been fiiTed^ Wojhall cMiwe once IX. ThittCapt. Cook was jwt only cncfiil to lepk- niOi, whenever oppoitunity permined, hit caflu with water) bat be pravided his mca with all kindi «f ic^ ficihmenu. both animal and mgoMe, dntheomld meet with, and by -ewnr tatuu in hia power : *«fe. evcnif aotpkaOiftttliep^Be^ heobGyrfhia peo- 3 pie to Ufe, both by examine and authoi-ity r bu^.tRy benefits arifing from refreflunents of any kind foon be ^ame fo dbvious, that he had little occafion to reconv mend the one, or exert the other. Thus did this ex'i pert and humane navigator eihplqy aU the means and ri^lations, which the art of hitin fuggcfted, or th# God of nature provided for the moft benevdent pur* pofe, even that of preferving the health and lives of thofe intrufted to his care, mre is greater merh: than a difcovery ct frozen unknown countries could have claimed ; and which wiltexifl, in the opinion of everj" benevolent mind, a fubjed of admiration and praife, when die dilutes aboiut a fouthem continent, fnall no longer en^[age the atteiition, or divide the judgment of phUofophical enquirer^. This is a memorial more lafl' ing than the mimic bult, or the emblazoned medal j for this can never perifh, but will remain engraven pnl the hearts of Englifhmen to their latcft poftenty. ti/lkf future navigators fpring out of this bright eximipte, not only to perpetuate his iuflly acquired fame, but to imitate his labours for the advancement of natural knowledge, the good of fociety, and the tnie glory of Great Britain. A TABLE of the Lamgi'aoe ufed by the NATivet of the SbciiTV Isles, in Grammatical Order; to Which is affixed an Explanation of their m£amno in English. 1 Noi'NS. Warradce A»£fr Momoa An Ancle Maa Al'tnent Tacrcc Adion Fefc Abfcefs ' Nohora Abode Tccho Adulterer Toe Axe Eteourooa Affcmhly Miffln • imjperity '' JrAze (body i/J Taan, ton Tarra Owba Omoa ■ •PeiHt ef ditto Eoome ■ Arrow Oomaia Aufwtr Madoohowhy Reemii Apfnbatm Arm Ee AriHpit Evarre Araet Waura Alive ' Oopeere • '■• Adbefive Nana Awry Arra. Era Awake Parou. mou True Fata, hoito Aoerfe Ptepeere Avarrtuus Ama. Heaim ^ Emotto Mamed A Battle Poe Bead Eteoe. Eatee Bag Eraeunoo Bait Eeneeou Bambof Epaa Hohote Bank Bark Moene Bajket of cocoa leavet Errevy PkpaMaieea Ditto a fijber's Ditto of plaintain flock Apoaira Ditto if cocoa leaves large Vaihee Dittoef ditto fmall Hena Dittotf twigs round Fannatoonea Bclftard Peeretec Beetle Erao Bu Eraee.Moia Bed Oome oome Beard Omorre Battle-axe Mydiddc Bate Eevee. totu Batebekr Etama Brother EevM Bme fd'e COOK'i SECOND VOYAGE— for making Difeeveries in the Souti Seas & Round the fTor/J. 20^ NOUNI. Fefe BUI Evaa Boat, or tmne Toto.Ehi»oei Blood Meiec Blifttr Toona, tuu BU/phmer Totunceme Bladder Oore. cooha Bitch Eawou Boldnefs Manoo Bird HORM Benevolaue Tapatoo Beggar Pcpe Butterfly Eu Bunch {of fruit) Te, amhaoo Buds Peerara Bonetto, afijb ETanna Bmo Aroahooa Bow-flriHg Mydidde Boy Eama Branch Teeteere Brifknefs Ooroo Bread-fruit Epatea £hoe Ditto {ti particular kind) Ditto (pafteof) Tappnooroo Bread-tree (gum of the') Edaooroo Ditto (leaf of the) Ditto (pith of the) Poooroo Taoome Breaft.plate Ery The Brow Oma Breaji Ahooha Brain Era Boards (carved of a Maray) Tooa Back Frno Bad Ecoonoo Baked Oopobooto BaldJieaded Tatum Bare 1 Fenooa Maoure Barref-land ' Ere, ere Black Mattt-po Blind Maneea Blunt Ooaweera] Broiled Motoo Broken Auraura BrmiH Pappa A Crab Ooora Cray.fijh Torea Curlerv OhoDC Convolvulus Orahooc Cork Taura Cordage Epecho Corner Pee, pccrc Covetoufnffs Mare Cough Pccceya Covering ofajijh's gills Nonoa Coynefs Roowa Crab (land) M0tO3 Crack Teitci Cripple Arawcrcwa Coekoe (a irown) Toopooe the Crown ofthj head Emotootoo Cramp Boe Core of an apple Faout* Cloth-ploMt Aceoo Claw u Converfation Wahcine, pooha Contempt (name of) Madoo, howhy Confent Evaheea CmfufedH^s Tatou Computation Teeya Company Marcede Cold(fenfeof) Ey Coitim ^"'wy Cloth round the waifl, and 4 Jhirt Heappa.heappa,Aade,pooee ei, CV>np<)oeeei Ooairara Ahcerc, Ooa Pooheere Ooerai Tceboota Ahoo Ewhou, arra Etoo Porhaoo Eoore, tehai Fanou, cvaho Wara Matamatea Teeteere, Etirre Poore, poore Epooneina, Erooy Goama, Eooee Teate Evahee Ecoo, Eeewera Ooa, peeape, Ehotto Ooopeeo Motoo Etec Epee Hawa, hawa Ehoonoa Oo. atahai Maheine Heeva Panee Ooboota Aouna Adooa Ooree Eohoo Mateina Pkhoo Mora Eoo Poeeree Marama rama Cotataheita Matte noa Tareea, tooree Mona Aheaoo Erepo Ehoonoa Eeea Faoooiic Ewaou Mattou Topocta Efao Oomaro Pammo 3F Ditto (yellow) Ditto (gummed) Ditto (nankeen) Ditto (dark brown) Ditto (brown thin) Ditto (an oblong piece of) Ditto of any kind Cl AFIy mute Fh-catcher (a bird) Hg FM Pkvl Farunculus {a boil) Flejh-mark Fijfure Fijbing'rod Ftjb-pot Fijbinr-wall Fifl, * Ditto [the cuckold) Ditto (flat green and red) Ditto (a yellow and flat) ^ Ditto (green and flat) Ditto (fly'ig) Finger Fillip Pdn Fart Father . " ' Ditto (a fief) Feather The Face Fern-tree Fin ofafijb Flonvcr of a plant Foot ^ Forehead trapping of a flute Fruit (yellow) Ditto (ferfuthe) Fruit FriHioH ' Freckles Flowers for ear-ornaments Ditto (open) Dittoofaplant Flatnefs Flapper {a fly) Fifl (flrmng with in dancing) Fire Feeling (fenfe of) Feeilenefs Hooroo, hooroo, te manoo Feathers (red) Mattou Fear Mace Fat of meat Moc, momjr Fainting faattaatu Facetious Hawarre Falfe Peea Fat Eheieu, Faca Fatigued • 3 NOUNI. Tcmy de poaree Eooha Fcnooa, maa Eotc Mahouta Ooaro Erepo Eanna, anna Sa, Oopya, Paya oboona OUFOO Too boona tahetoo Tooboona Taata Aee, Erapoa nooe HccoceoM Tatooy Tooncea Tatooa £ho-oo Avoutoo Orabooboo Aaoo Horoa Anonoho Tapa Poorc, poore Arahai Tomo Mamahou, Maro0 Efarre Awhatta Efarrepota Ehamoote Matau Eeaoure Erooa Boa Maoo, Maooa Talha Otoo "trapappa Totera Toe Tootou Oraro Eteete Eroroo Hinnahcina Ehoo Peepce Oetoeto Epoote Ereema Peelcoi One one Oopo Evoua Enanea Ahoutoo Peerc, pecrc Po>oorou Etooec, Eoowha Etohe Tamorou Epace no t'Enee Niahcine, Amauhattoi Eeaoure E&o En, eta Mahanna, hanna Teimaha Mato Poheea ,Fa, atn.ata Pororce, Pocca Motoo Fellno (a young clever one, tr ky) Female kind Fertile, land Few ,. , FbwH Ftrgot Fau Frtfl} rUl (fatisfied) ■A Grandfon Great-great-prandfather Creat-erandfatber Gratitffather Glutton Gta/s (Ming) Girthing manufaSure Girl Girdle Gimblet Garland of flvwers Gut (the blind) , , , Cuts ofanitnals Generofity , Grafs Groin (the) Green Great Grafping Good-natured A Hit, orhoufe tbttfe on props Ditto (a targe one) Ditto (of office) Hook (fiflb) Ditto (a particular fort) Hole Hig Hill Ditto (called one tree) Heron (a blue) Ditto (a white) Hedge-hog (thefea) Hatchet Harbour Harangue Hammer the Hair Ditto (grey) Ditto (red) Ditto (^curled) Ditto (wooelly or frizzled) Ditto (tied up) Hand Ditto I deformed) Ditto \a motion with) Head Ditto (/horn) Head-ach, tccqfioned by dnm* kennefs Heart of an animal Hibifcus (a flower) Ditto (tvitbyellow flowers) Hiccup Hips Ditto (puniluatedl^ Horizon Houfe-wife (the induflriats) Honejh Hearfenefs Hardineft Heat Heavy High m Jf&mrmt UiHgty,9rbiuger Anl/bt Miheine ■^ssKsssasHSB? COOKrs SECOND VOYAGE— for mtkingDtytowiries iii the Sdut6 Seas & Round the WorU. a 07 NouNf. Maheine Opataieehu Etee Eta Taboone Weeata Oore, ceeooe Teohe Tawytte Teepy Taeea Erahoo Myro Peepeere Tec, tee Roa .* Poo Tccpy Tapona Vanodoo Teebona Tec, poo Etooree Ootno .. . Erooro Earee, dahai Emoteea Fooahooa Matte Ootoo Ehoonoa Hawa, hava Heeoeeotta Teeonai Mo-o Taata, hawarre Tao Ewhaouna Eraa, Eara Fenooa. W^eaooa Paraou Inguifitivt (a tatling « . man) Image of a human figure Jaw {the lower) Jealoufy (in a woman) Ignorance ill-natured Imft Incejl Indolence Indu/iry Ink [for funHuatitti) Itch (the) Inhospitable Indigent Immenfe Immature Indolent, idle A Knot Ditto (a double one) Ditto {a female one) Knuckle Knee Kite that boys flay with King-fijher King Kernel of a eocoa nut Kidneys (the) Killed 4 Loufe Lover laofenefs Looking-glafs Lobjier Lizard Liar Lance, irjfear Lagoon Ladder Land, a country Language Tiniorodee,teTiinorodeeZ)'//o ujedin dancing Nooe Teepy Awy Maramarama Oowaira Ootoo Teetoo, arapoa Oopeca Hea, hea, Papoo Aooweew4 Eawawa Mama Eete Tei, tei Arahai Aeo Toohai P06, poo. Poo Kou ou Taato toa Worou, worou Miooa. Moua Madooa, waheine ^lepe 'Whattarau Marama Atoonoa Rypoeea Ea Teera Evanne Moea Poorou Eeerce Ottaha Largenefs Laztnejs Leg (the) Day-light Lightning Lips (ti^ Lungs (the) Lujiy Lew Loofe Loathfome Light Little Lame Large Lean of meat Lean, /lender A hlujket, or any kind of fire arms lAufcU-Jhell Murderer Multitude mountain, or bill Mother Moth Monument (funeral) Month (lunar) Mole, or mark Mift, or fog Meafure Maft of a came Mat Ditto (afilky kind) Ditto (a coarjifort) Mark Ca black et^ ,fi tbe fitn) Man of war bird NOUKI, Taata, Taane Taata, hamaneenb Tooreea Etoa Teropoo Marama Oopoeepoee Evaha Hceva Ecva Tapaoo ; Ooata I Mouateitei I Mouahaha I Pereraou I Mamma, haoo ; Otoora, heipo ; Ehoohoo Worou, worou, manoo Para, Pe Wararee Patea Matte. Matteroa Fatebooa Eeeoa Taatatooboo Oopaia j Oporo JEoo j Eriha 1 Aree ! Eeehee ' Popoheo ,' Aeeoo Eure Aec Tatou '• Wawatea ! Po. Eaoo Narreeda Taturra jPeere, peerc Erepo iHou i Poto. Whattata jEmoo Oohoppe, pooaia Ooomoo Ewhatto Iteea Pahooa Erapaoo Ty, Meede Ooapee Maray Wharre Tooee, tareea Warawara Monoe Oopeea Nonoa Orawheva Eatea Ferei Watoowheitte Tahoua Eoua Oorahdo Omo Erabo i Epeeho ' Hooahoua Eroope Oooopa Oooowydero Popoee Hawa, hava Taata po Erapaoo. Man . . Ditto (a bad one) Maid, er girl Tbe Male of any animal 'Middle of any thing Moon Morning Mouth ^ufic fuming pitto (leaves, ufedon that ec- eafion) Motion Mountains of thefirjl order Ditto of the fecond ditto "Ditto of the third dittt Modejiy Midnight Maggots irnanoo, Many Mature Moijl Motherly Murdered Mute A Noun, er name of a thing Native Net (fijhing one) Night Jhade Nipple Nit Nut (cocoa) Ditto a large comprejfed dittt The Nojlrils Nail Ditto of iron Neck Numeration Noon Night Needles Naked Narrow Najly New Nigh Noify An Orphan Oven Owner Oyjier (large fort) Ditto (another fort) Ointment plafier Tbe Ocean Outfide of a thing Ornaments (burial) g^itto (for the ear) rder Oil (perfumed) Obefitjy (fatnefs) Odoriferous Old Open (fpacious) Ditto (notfhut) Oppofite Apriefi Porpoife Poll Plant Ditto (afmallftrt) Plain Pintle Pigeon (a wood) Ditto (green arid white) Ditto (black and white) Pudding Purring PhyJIaan Aroo • VOYAGES COMPLETE. NOUM*. Aroumaicea Awa Teaoo Poe Pye. py* Eara Earetea Parooroo Eaa Cveenee Medooa Anoho Ehoe Etanea Apooreema Etararo Amaa, Eatta Oe, oc, or oi oi Ahooa Oomam Awaawa Faiee Maicea, Maya Patooneha Mamma Mamy Meatee Kee Pacta Maroo Teetec Wahapoo Teeopa Eooee Pceha FatlebQpa Etirre Hoe, fahcrre Taun Apoo, Ea Faoo Eaou Eeea. Taata Eara Maino Awao Ehoonooa Yorcc. Eyone Oo-ec Maitoe Euooa Maiho Pooance T, Ewahci Enooa Tooroore Coatapone Tooe, tooe Eooa £wao wao EotU Parourc Oora, oora. Matde F.wlia Epotoo Para. Pu Ooopw Ooawaira Koope. Tarra, tarra Eroo Hornwai Tarooa Papa. Papa, rooa Pitttaai ef ffaintain Itavtt Peffer-fltmt PeaH Pavement Path, or road Pap, r- fir ait Partiu,a Parnquet (green) Ditto (blue J Parent Pair Paddle of a tantt Tbe Palate Palm of the hand Part below the tonne Tbe fedunele, or ftalk of « fhta Point of any thing Pumpkins Potatoes (Fuieet) Pol/on (bitter J plantains (bo^) Plantain tree (the fruit of tbe) Perfons of dijiin/lion Pc^e {a fermented) Pap PainCthefenfetf) Petty (/mail) Plane (/moeth) Pleafed (not croft) Poor Pregnant Prone, or face downwards Pure, clear A Siijiver ^ietnefs S^icineft A Rudder, or fleering paddle ef a canoe Rape Root Rock Reef of rocks Robier, or thief Road, or path Ring Rib Refu/al Rat Rafp, or file Raft of Bamboo Rainbow Rail (fpotud with black, &c.) Ditto (another fort) The Remainder Ringworm (a difeafej RaUing of thejbip Running (to efcape) Refpiration Ram Rank (infmell) Raw meat Raw fruit Red Rent Rich Ripe Reafied, or broiled Rotten Rifugb A Sw3l (of the fed) Surf of thejea Storm Stool, to ley tbe head on wbentfmf Noun*. Owhay 5/«w Paiaoo Ditto (polijhed, H «m4» tht Tame Stick (a walking) Everee Star-Jjb Efaitoo. Hwett* Star Etootee Stage (afgbting) Tao Spear aore Ewhaeono Opai Heeva Song Myde Sen Hoonoa Son-in-lavf Tcetce A Snipe, or rather « ti^^rf jemblinr on* Snake ifia) Pooheearo* Ema Sling "^ Tooeinc Sifler Shirt (white) Parooy Pahce Ship Porchoo SbeU(3yger) DittoTafmaU one) Otco Mao Shark Towtow Servant, or common ferfin Moray Papa Fatoo whaira Sepulchre Seat Seam, between txi» planks Heawy Sea-egg. EUU Stoop, with vsbicb veater is emptied from a cu' me Etona Scab Eecoo Saw Ewhoee Skate-fifb Mahanna. Era. Tbe Sun Teincea tc Mahanna Ditto (the meridian) Eaha String of a auiver Ponau Stopper of data Paraeea Stomach Tapooy SoU of tbe foot Eraee Skin Eerec ' Ereeawo Side Atou, ataou Ditto (the right) Ditto (the left) Aroode Eata Shore . Etoroo tc paia Seyne(a net) Seed of a plant Hooatootoo, Ehoocro Tacc, Mccde Sea Poohc Sea-cat Eeeai Sail of a came Tyty, Mcede Salt, orfalt-vitaea Eone Sand Whatihca Saturn Eoora Smoke Tabooa, Manoo Sauiider's ifland Poa Scales of afijh Otoobo, Otoobo Sciffart {a peur of) Ehcco Seeing (tbe fenfe of) Arawha Shipwreck Tana Shoes (mud, orfiJhin£^ Matte my Mamy Sicknefs Faea Fattcbooa Sighing Silencf Moeroa Sleep, or death Fatatoo, Ootoo, too,too Smelling (the fenfe of) Bappara Smutting (with charcoal, at funeral ceremonies) Machccai Sneeung Hoope Mucus Teireida Stbernefs Softnefs Maroo Mamay Sorenefs, or pain Pacena Sound Mattaareva Squint-eyed Euhaaou Suicide Eto, Too Sugar-cane Wccala Stupidity Apet Striking in dantint) Tootoone COOK'i SECOND VQYAGfi^Jfor making Dijt*utrieshn the Soiith ^>di& Rftfhd the WorU. 309 r/»- TootooM NOUNI. Namooa, Neeneo , Pahoore hoore Maroo, maroo Ooee Popotoo Opanee, Poopeepe Oowhyada Marra, marroa. Fata Eete Pays Mato Peere, peere j Oomara AbooU Poheea Fateenba Aow Etapayroy ' llaneeo Too, pappou Ehonoo Efarre pootoo pootoo Erao Toa Erao Manooroa Etaec Ero Ehoppe Epiro^ Too Oeeo Tamata Eneeheeo Arapoa Ereema, erab^ Erero ' Mahea Evaeero^ Paraoti, ttbu Aoiidou Fafa Otoootteepo Pateere Hoeoire Fatebooa Paraou, no te «pe6 "Wahecy Meoomeoo Apeubau Tooe, tooe Eworeroo, Eworepo Ahoooue Opfii Areeoi Poo Epao Maniuhouna Oomutte Aiboo Tourooa . Ewoua Ara, ha(, Mai, vajm Nana Mouna Ootee Waheine Waheine mou Evaroiwit Eatopa Ereou Malaeeoup^ee Maheine Watooneea EnM Ho. a j. 5/0;;^/, fuch as fland ii^gbt \ btfore tbt buts . Stinking - ■ ' '' Scratched Shady Sharp ("keen idgtd) Short Shut ("not 9fen) Similar Slow ' Small Smooth Steep (approaching to a per- pendicutar) Strait (not wide) StrongCasaJirfingmnJ ' Struck- '^ . Sultry »^^t:/ *' Supine (with thefau lip) A Tide, or current Title {belonging to a Woman of quality J Toe . Tomb Torloife Town Tree Ditto from v)hich tlubs, &c. are made Tropic bird Turban Tail Ditto of a bird Tetotum Teat, or dug Tern (a bird) TaJtiugCfenfeof) The Teeth Throat Thumb I Tongue '' _ i Twins Truth Trembling Touching Time (a fpace from 6/010. at night Thunder \ Throwing (in dancing) Thoughtfulnefs ' Thoughts Thirfl . Thickntfs (infolid bodies) :. Tenants Thick Cfubjlanct) Ditto (muddy J Tough' An Ulcer Unmarried perfoH Unripe A Vapour (luminous) Vagal \j>rfubjetf) Vejftl (in which liquor is Ditto (any hollow ent) ■ Venus , Veins (the) [ Vafi A Vvry-neck Wr^ler Wou»d H^oman Ditto C a married on/ey ■ Wifh (to one whoffutTsts) ■ ^'."S C'f « tijdj Window mfe Widow Wtdgt Noun a. Toria Taatatoa Mattay Mattacc Momoa EpQuntt ^^* Avy Patoa Erao Eimeo Peenata Heappa Mceo, meco Wart Warrior (or rather a nun* killer) ^ 1 Wind (the) ' Ditto (the South'EttffS Wri/l (the) Whi/lling (ufed tt Ctttl the people to meals) Water ■Water-creffes Wood of any kind Terk IJland Tounir Telliw Wrinkled - Promovmi. Wou. Mee Nooo Totaooa " . ,- No-oe \ Taooa, Aroorooa Oe Nana /, myfelf, me Mine Thing We, both of ui Tou He Verbs. Eteci Eooawai Ehootee Homy, Hapymy Fyroo, tooty , Taprahai '. Oboo Tcimotoro Toopy Erookoo I'arry Erooy Fafefe Etatce Aahoo Fatte Ehooee, Ehoo-o Etooo To Abide '^ Agitate ' Angle Ajkfor a thing - Wipe the baekjidt Bajlinade To Bathe Bawl ■ Beat upon Beat a drum Befpatter Belch • Bend any thing ' ■ Bewail Bite, as a dog Blow the mfe Bore a hole Bow with the head .1 Owhattc, Owhanne, VMtBreak a thing Watte weete wc teaho Homy Doodooe Too-Qtooooo Eamo Evaha Popoee. Peert) Amawheea' ' ^ Ehoote Ey Ehee, te, me, «yty Taharee Tararo Encat Aaooa Taee Eparoo Otee Oono Eooepoeunoo, il little time, a fmallfpacei' Tatnoo, - A long time, a great while* Areeana, j| lyait.ftay a little. WounI, wocara, fyell recovered, or wellefcapedt Poorotoo, It is Well, charming finei Ehara, Eharya, Ycnaeea, IVbat's tbatf (inqui/itively) Owy te aceoa, H'Ttat do you call that .' What is the name of itt Wheca, IVbcnf at what timet "tehca^ Where is it t \ Owy, tanna, Owy nana. Who is that t what is be called t Aceoo, Will I not do it f (expreffed angrily) Terra, tanne, She is a tnarried woman, fbe has got another bufband. Explanation of the foregoing and following TAaLBS» fo far as rcfpeds the pronunciation of the worda. V^hatever rules n«y be laid down for pronouncing a living language, they caii be of little fervice to a pcr- fon defirous of fpealqng the fame with purity : that pronunciation being bed, ifjiotonlyi attained, by living m the country, and a friendly communication witn the natives. However, for the better underrtanding the language in thefe tobies, we (hall make a few ob- fervatiofis on the powers of the vowels, viz. A. is founded the fame as A long in the Englifli tongue, as in the word angel i e has three powers, and has the fame fimple founds as in the words eloquence, bred, then. ' /. in the middle of words, founds like that vowel in the word indolence. Sometimes it is reprefented by j. And fometixnes by the proper diphthong ee. O. is oftefi expreffed by ♦«», and founds the fame as in vMMiomgpod. U. is generally expreflcd by eu, and has a long and fhort found, as in the words unity, umlrage. T. in the middle or end of words, founds like /, as by, «y. But before a vowel or at the beginning of a word, it is a confonant, as in the Engl^ words yes, yell. •' The diphthongs ee and oo are proper, and make but one fimple found. pi .h& n S I I If &il . \\ i TABLE ait Ctpt. COOK'i VOYAGES C O M P L E T E. . ULliitf ■»"■•"*■ I uiat '■ ^ CQ I H «9 a CO w iu »3 f Ml ^2 1 1 si 8^ il^^l il i S z IzSj r •^,i\A\ r N E. I II I lllll llllalll < & I 3 I •fi s li; i.\iis% §3 (2 \t&^>^( < 2 w ^ o < S w ^ |;§l£"lsllll'(5lll ll g. Illls iai HWH<;z; 1 lit' Eiia Liili? S o » .<<<<<<<<< 8 r( 8 O ije9vtriet in the Som$i Seask. Round »!u IVorM. % 1 3 LiiT of the Bark ENDEAVOUR'i OrriciRi and Paukmuim in Capt. CpoK'a FtatT Vovavi round the World. OrrictRi, &c> Namis. CoMMANDiR, Capt. Jamrs Cock, 3d. Lteutrnant Zacharifb tVicks, * 3d. LitulftMHt Jtbn Corr, MAtTiR, R*^trl Molintmi, BoATtWAiN, JnbnGalberay, Cakpentih, tyiUiam SatUrif, Cook, ydm tbomfon, GuNNiR, Stephen Forwood, Surgeon, tVtlliitm Brougham MoHkbotf/e^ MAtTiR'iMATt, Charlei Clerkf, Ditto, Ditto, MlUIHIPMAN, Ditto, Ditto, Ditto, Ditto, Ditto, Richard Puker/gill, Alexandrr IVeir, John lyilliam Bootif, Jonathan M RINES, John Edgeeumte, PASSENGER S. yo/epbBanlu,Effi Dr. Daniel Solauder, DRAUOIITaMEN of Mr. Banks. Herman Diedrieb Sporeing, Sydney ParUtffn, — Buchan, AiTRONOMIB, Charles Green, Died at Deptford foon after hia return. A lieutenam of the royal navy. Navy fuiveon, loft on Scilly in the Nancy Packet from A purfcr of the royal navy. Ditto. » Now a captain. The prefcnt prefident of the Royal Society, now $if Jofcph. Died lately m Londoiu A Sweede, died of a flux after leaving Bauvia. A Qi{aker. dilto. Diedaftera (hort ilintfaat Otaheite of fatigue. Died of an inverted gout, after leaving Batavia. • Capt. Gore ha» complcated four Voyaget round the World, befides rervijig long in th« former war on board the Windfin &c. tK. \L List of the Sloop RESOLUTlONa OrrieERa and Mi«, in Capt. Cooit'a SicoUD Voyaoi rauftd the Woiiu». ■i 1 Tub RESOLUTION. Opficbrs, &c. captain. Lieutenants, Mafter, Boatfwain, Carpenter, Gunner, Surgeon, Matters Mates Midfliipmen Surgeon's Mates Captain's Gerk AlTiftant, Mafter at arms Names. James Cook. Richard Pickerfgill. Robert P. Cooper. Charles Clerke. Jofeph Gilbert. James Gray. James Wallis. Robert Anderfpn. James Patcen. 3 6 Hogg. Cbrporal Armourer Mate SaiUimker Mate BoatfWain's Mates Carpenter's Mates Gtinner't Mates Cartmtter'sCrew Coek Mate .Quarter Mafters Able Seamen ,, Lieutenant of Marines. John Edgcumbe.' Serjeant i Corponia % Dnmuner i Pirivatet 15 t I t I I 3 3 3 4 I I 6 45 W. ..:ri M !!'! No. 25. JH Lt«T 314 Cip«. COOK* VOYAGES COMPLETE. I- il 11' LiiT ofchc AuviN ruKt'iOrrii-kiii and M«n in Capt. Cook's SkonuVoyaue round the WuRLit, Tm« ADVENTURE OrricKRs, ice. N;«MIIS. Captain, Tobias Funieaux. Lieutenants, Arthur Keinpc. luCcph Shank. Peter Fannin. Maftcr. Doaifwain, luiward Johns. Carpenter, WilUaniOHbrd. Ciunncr, Andrew Gloag. Siirffcnn, Mttrter'n Mates Thomas Andrews. 8 Midfliipiiien Surgeon's Mate Ca)iuin's Clerk Maftcr at Arms Corporal Armourer Mate Sail-maker Mate Boatfwain's Mutes Carpenter'* Mates Gunner's Mate Carpenter's Crew Cook Mate tjuarter Maftcrs Able Seamen Licuteoaat of Marines, Serjeant Corporal Drummer Privates 4 JanKs Scott. I I I ,• Having prepared a nmpletf narrative (from dupli- Ciiifs of the triiiihil journals cX fntrid offictrs, who failed in the Refolulm when (he was dcOined to explore the Pacijic Otean) of Capl. Cook's Third VoY;«or, theft/z/or^of thisfow/*/*-/^ COL1.ECTICW of VoYAUEs ROL'Nt) TiiK WoKLD, thought it their duty to lomfitiiY it with all the dijferttit acctunis hi- therto publifliedof that fflfiral, J voy.ij^r, merely to corrcd any circumftancc which might have been placed in various points of view by the fcvcral writers. The ,-Jl extent j all the large fplcndid copper-plates, map, charts, flee, will be delivered as they are received (roiii the feveral «•«- gravers, yt,\\\{:\\ will be diredled to be placed right iii the laft Number: an J t\\c strand general Chart oi t)M World will certainly be given in our next numter, which will (hew Capl. (j>ok's ditferent routs in his three /u,cct:lJive ■i-oyages, and all his diffcveries in one point of view. In the week after next will be delivered to the Subfcribers a lar^e folio print, finely engraved, rcprefentingthci/crt/ifrol tapt. Cook. Wc (hall now proceed to give a ne^v ami accurate Account of Com- modore Byron's Voyaoi round the IVorld, as it waa the firjl undertaken and performed during the r>rii- /ent reign j after which wc intend to record tnofe of Wallis, Carteret, &c. and the public may depend, that the only rcafon wc have not given Cook's Third Voyage in this part of our Col- lection, is, that we may be able to give a morefull AnA/atisfanory account of this celebrated voyage, than has ever beentublijbed by any pcrfon or perrans what- ever ; and after having perrorroed our arduous talk, we doubt not, but our Subfcribers, and the Public, will readily acknowledge, that -by our care and cir- cuinfpe£tion, we (hall nave detected numerous fal- fities which have been foifted on the public, and rcpj cfcntcd SaiiL-aiA. artuiijlattees aa they reallf happened. A NEW / ' NEW, AOTHESTIC, and COMPLETE ACpOUMT and NARRATIVE, of A VOYAGE Round the WORLD, UNDERTAKEN lind PERFORMED !! By the Hon. Commodore (now Admiral) BYRON, In hifi Majeily's Ship the DOLPHIN, accompanied by Capt. M O U A T in the Tamar Sloop. UNDERTAKEN PRINCIPALLY For making Difcovcrics in the Southern Ocean, between the Cape of Good Hope, and the Magellanic Straits } And Conttining, among a Variety of other intcrcfting Particularj, A genuine Account of the Straitt of Magellan, and of the gigantic race of People called Patagonians t alfo a Survey of reverallflandidifcoveredin the Southern Hemifpherc i together with a minute, cir- cumftantial, and full Defcription of the fevcral Places, People, Anirnnh, Vegetablei, and Natural Curiofitiet, difcoveitd and feon in the Courfe of this remarkaule Voyage ; which was begun on the 3d of July 1764, and compleatcd the Qthof May, 1766) containing a Period of little more than Twenty-two Months, and included in the Ye«r 1764, 1765, and 1766. ■«»# Extraordinary ftfparat'mt m^it, mJ ffecautioiu ujed, H, Aj p. I. s vtyag* — Namft nfwe hv»fl>ips, rnimier of nun, (Jc.-^Cir- tumftoHcts previ9u$ !• IwJitHg Ibt brmdpemi.ini, and eurjriliiif; /a$l — Tb* Delpbin talus in btreuns at Long Rtjib, and is ibtrejomrd by the Tamrjrigalt — TbeyfailfYom tbt Dmous, and arrive at I'lynmth — Anchor in th foumi-^PaJfage fnm Plymouth h Madeira — Ob/trvalions oh this iJland—Htm Jrom bence to St. Jiigo one of the Cape de Frrd Ijkiids, end Mchor in Port Praya—Ob/ervatiolis m the ijland and port — They make the (oaji of Brazil, and enter the harbour of Hit ie Janeifo-~Qhftrv*ti(ms — Departure from this port, ioiad, as we thought, to the Eajl Indies — Ordtrs made limnun, which were to go tit difcoveriet to the South Hea — -Tif UmphtH and Tamur make Cape Blanco, Penguin /Jle, and the bar- tour of Port Delire— The Dolphin in danger ^ being lojt at tbii laft place — Ohfcrvatiout on the harbour and adjacent tountiy-^Uipiirlure from Port Dejire in fiarcb of Pepy's fjknd-^ Anchor on the coafi of Patagonia, ten lei'.gues ivilbin the mouth of the Straits of Magellan— An account of the extratrdinay jlature of fome inhabitant sfeen there— 'Proceed up the Straits of Magellan to Port Famine — An account of the harbour, coajl, and inhabitants-^- A dtfription of the country^ particularly the woods; and the beautiful Sedgtr—Famourabte andpletf/ing tircumjlances during ourjlay here. A D nfi T T I S prefent Majcfty, very early in life A.u. 17 4. £-^ formed a plan ef diHinguifhing hi* reign, by patronizing the profccution of New Difcove. rics in the unknown regions of the Southern Hemir' phere ; and we have been told, that he declared his in- tention, foon after he came to thccrown, of appropria- ting a great part of his revenue for that particular pur- pole. In 1764, orders were given for carryifig this laudable deiign into execution t in confequcftcc of which, on the i8ih of April, preparations were made to fit out the Dolphin (nip of war, and the Tanur frigate, for a fuppsied voyage to the Eaft Indies. The Dolphin was a tixth rate, niountining 14 guns, and had three lieutenants, 37 petty officers, and i^ofcwnenon board ; the Tainar mounted 16 guns, having on board three lieutenants, a 2 petty officers, and 90 teamen. The honourable Commodore (now Admiral) Byron was appointed commander in chief, in the Dolphin, and the command under him, of the frigate, was given to Cant. Mouat. Both of thcfe veffels were fitted out lor the purpofe of making difcoveries of countries hitherto unknown, within the high fouthcrn latitudes. convenient for navigation, and in climates adapted to the produ«^ion of commodities ufcful in commerce, particularly in the Atlantic Ocean, between the Cape of Good Hope, pnd the Straits of Magellan. The indrudions from the Admiralty-board to the commo- dore, likewifc direded him to make an accurate furvcy of Pepy's Ifland, and thpfe w hich had been named by Sir John Narborough, Paulkland's Itlands, in honour of lord Faulkland ; which, though firll difcovcrcd, and fince vifited by Britifh navigators, had never iKcn fuf. ficiontly examined, fo as that an accurate judgement might be formed of their coads, natives, and produc- tions. Greatcarc wastakcn and extraordinary precau- tions ufed in preparing for this voyage. The bottom of the Dolphin was flieat!\. v .h copper; as were like- wife the braces and pintles for the ufc of the rudder, which was the firft experiment of the kind, that had ever been made on any veflel. On the 14th of S*-\y, being ready tor fea, flic left the dock, when we received' a number of men from the old hulks, which had been for fomc time ufed to receive on board materials for the ufc of the lliip. The next day we got in our maft^ m l'M,i K- 'Mi i!^ ii6 VOYAGES ROUND the W O R L D C o m p l e t~e. H 1 i, » j(;i il and Mt^ith all expedition poflibtc, began to put up the rigging ; the greatell part of the hands being now, from the time of her leaving the dock, principally employed In receiving the ftores, and in (hipping the abiell feamcn, tiU the pth of June, whpn ttom, fwung round 1 howevert the ground being very muddy, it kion gave way, and thla accident Was attended with no other confequence, than her lying in the mud about two hours. This .ciicumftance »t our firlt fettipg out, which oCcafioncd only a fmlll delay, inftcad of checking the '.rdour of our men, ferved only to infpirc them with hopes of meeting with fewer croifes in the profccution of tneir voyage. On the 1 6th we anchored in the Downs, and moored the (hip. , Dur- ing our continuance here, we fent the pilot on fliore, and received from Deal a large twelve-oared barge for the fcrvice of our fliip, with a quantity of frefli beef and greens. This day the Tamar pafled us for Plymouth, and on the day following we received the honourable Capt. Byron on board. I'hurfday the 21(1, we weighed and failed from the Downs ; and in the night had a violent fquall of wind, which, at that featon of the year, might be reck ned rather uncommon. On the 33nd, at eieht o'clock, A. M. we anchored in Plymouth Sound, and faluted the a^lmiral with 13 guns; and at nine, having received a pilot on board, failed into Hamouze, and lafhed along- lide the Sheer Hulk. As the Dolphin had ukcn the ground, the men on board were, according to orders, employed in getting out the guns and booms fof dock- ing; it being thought advifeablf to examine iffliehad futUined any damage, when it appeared, that the (hip had happily not received any hurt. On the 38th (he came out of dock, and having replaced her guns and ilorcs, we failed into the found, where we moored, and found the Tamar lying between the ifland and the main, having unhung ner rudder, to repair fome fmall damage (he had fuitained. While we remained at Plymouth, our men received two months pay advance, in order to enable them to purchafe nccefTaries; a pri- vilege granted to all his Majeity's (hips bound to diltant ports ; at which time the inhabitants on (bore have the liberty of coining on board to fell them ihirts, jackets, and trowzers, which arc termed flops. After a flay of four days, the honourable John Byron, ourCommodore, hoi (led his broad-pendant, he bding, as was reported, appointed commander in chief of all his Majefly's (hips in the Eafl Indies. Immediately upon this a fignal vas ma'.'.e tor (atling, by firing a gun, and loofingour .top tails, which being fet, and another gun fired, we took our dcpartuse from Plymouth on the 3d of July, having his Majefly's frigate the Tamar in com- panv. On Wcdnefday the 4th df July, we (haped our courfe, with a tine breeze, for the ifland of Madeira, during w hich run, we had the vexation of obferving, that our contort was a very heavy failer. On Thurfday the 1 2th, in the evening, we defcried the rocks near Ma- deira called the Defcrts, from their defolate appea- rance ; and on the 13th we came to an anchor in Fun- chiale Bay ; fo named from the great abundance of a beaut ilul kind of fennel that grows on the fliore. It is on the fouth part of the ifland. and at the bottom is the city of the fame name, feated on a fmall plain, from which three rivers run into the fea, forming an ifland called Loo Rock, it being entirely barren. Upon this is plnced a caftlc, and the town is alfo defended by 1 high wall, and a battery of cannon. This ifland is compofed of one continued hill of a confiderabic height, extending from eaft to weft ; the declivity of which on the fouth-fide is intcrfperfed with vineyards; and in the midfl of this flopc are the countrj-fcats of 4' the the mei-chants, which add greatly to the beauty of the profpciih The air is lb temperate, that the inliabitants feel littlo inconvenience from heat and cold, there be- ing here » perpetual fpring, which proJuces bloflbitis and fruit throughout the year. Thcfu^l.ig lp.feuiic, that It producers rrtors com than any of the ai^acMit iflands of double the extent. The grafs flioots up li> high, that they are sbliged to butn it ; asd w hen they Iplant fugar canct inthca.lMs, in flix months time dwy win produce a cori(!derablC quantity' of hi[v.ir. ^m ifland abounds with fine cedar-trees, and ainiofl ail kinds ofrich fruits, ptirticulnrfy gn}ies as large as our com- mon plumbs ; but all the hne fruits are loo lulcious to be eaten in any great quantities. The "ativfs arc (aid to make the beft fwcct-meats in the world: theyc;*! eel too in preferving oranccs. as alfo in I'nakinK i"^!*- malades and pqrfymed paltes. The fugar made here it nor on)y rcnuirkabiy tine, but b^s t|ie finell of violets ; and the wine of this ifland will keep better in long voyages and in hot countries, than that of any other place in the known world, on which account great quantities of it are bought up for the ufc of fliips, and exported to the \Vcft Indies. Their convents have a venerable appearance, from their age and flrudur«(. Some of the iiiins belonging to them arc handfotiSe, and, at particular hours, have the liberty of converflng with flrangers. through a double barred grate. Their chiet employment conflfls in making curious flowers of all (brts, little baflcets. and other trinkets, in needle- work, which they fell to their vifitors, and the money is appropriated to the ufe of the convents. Notwith- flancling the cxtraordiiury fertility of the ifland, pro- viiionsofail kinds are very dear, the , iphabitantii Jiv- ing chiefly on fruit and roots. There are foinc hogs and fowls; but they cannot be procured without great difficulty, except by way of exchange for old cloaths, which in whatever condition, or of whatever kind, arc e^rly fought after by the poor among the natives. While we continued here, we were fupplied with frefli beef, very indiflerent of the kind, as their bullocks. [ either from want of fweet pathire, or from nature, arc both lean, and under the common flzc. On our arrival in the road of Ftinchiale, wc found the Ferrit and Crown floop lying at anchor, who faluted our Gmi- modore on his hoifling the broad-pendant, the fort alio returned our falute with eleven guns; and on the 14th, Commodore Byron waited on the governor, by whom he was received with great politenefs ; and on the day following the governor returned his viflt at the houle of the conful. Having taken in our water, wine, and other refrefliments for the ufe of both the ftiips com- panics, on the 1 9th we began to prepare for proceeding on our voyage. On Friday the 20th, we took leave of the governor by firing eleven guns, which compliment he returned from the ciudeT; and at three o'clock, A. M. wc weigheit anchor and (ct fail, in company with his Ma- jefly's (hips the Crown, Ferrit, and Tamar. It is ob- fervable, that in leaving this ifland flilps are in a man- ner becalmed, till they get four or live leagues to the leeward, where they are (lire to And a britk trading wind. The next day we made the ifland of Palma, one of the Canaries. ' Wfc now parted company with the Crown and Ferrit, and on the 22d f|K>ke with his majefly's (hip Liverpool from the Eaft Indies, by whom we fent letters to England. This day we examined our watcr-catks, and concluded, we were under a necelTity to touch at one of the Cape dc Verd iflands ibr a frelh fupply. On the 26th, our water being foul and ftinking, we were obliged to have recourle to a kind of ventuator, which forced the air through the water in a continued ftream, whereby it was purified. On the 27th in the morning, we made the ifle of Sal, one of the Cape de Verds, when obferving fcveral turtles on the furface of the fea, we hoifled out our boat, in order to ftrikc fome of them, but they a|l dilappearcd fa«tbre our people were within reach of them, indeed we had little chance of catching any forts of fl(h, for none of the finny tribe would come near the (hip, becaufc (he was (heathed with copper. On ^UMMMUMW Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE— for making Difcoverics in the Soui hern OcEA^;,&C. 417 On Monday the 30th, at two o'clock P. M. wc faw the idand of St, Jagoj and at three came to an an- chor, about a mile from the ftiore, in the bajr called Port Praya, in nine fathoms water, having faluted a fmall fortification bclongine to the Portuguefe, who re- turned the compliment. At this time it was near the lainy feafon, which, when fet in, renders this harbour very unfafe j for a rolling fwcll from the fouthward makes a frightful furf on the ftiorc. and every hour a tornado may be expefted, which at times is very fu- rious, and may produce fatal confequences to Ihip- ping ; on which account no vcffcl comes here after the I cth of Aiiguft, till the rainy feafon is over, which is in the month of November. St. Jago is the largelt and outward appearance, are moft indigent wretxhes. A (hip no fooner arrives, than the natives flock from all parts of the ifland with different kinds of pttivilions : and thefe they exchange for old clothes, particularly black, on which they fct the higheft Value, and for a mere trifle of that kind, you may be provided with a futTicient quantity of turkeys, gcefc, fruit, and other ncceflary articles of fca-ftock. ut, however wretched thefe people may appear at the firft view, they live in the greateft plenty, and from the fertility of the foil, enjoy not only the nccef- faries, but what, in other places would be efteemed the luxuries of life. Having by this time got on board a fii{^ly of water, frelh provifions, and fruit, wc un- moored, fignal having been made for our depar-^ ture. On Thurfday, the and of Auguft, wc got under foil, and put to fea, with the Tamarin company. Soon »fter, the fcorching heat, and unccofing rain, aftcdlcd the health of our crew, many of whom began to fall down in fcvcrs, notwith(tanding the commodore took the utmoft care to make the men, who were wet, fhift themfclves, before they laid down to deep. On the feth wc lod a good deal of way, by fliortening fail till the Tamar came up, who had her topfail yard carried away, tn thefe hot latitudes, (hips generally take fi(h In plenty, but we were not able to catch one, the caufe of which difappointmem, wc have already noticed. On Thurfday, the 1 ith of September, we defcried Cape Frio, on the coaft of Brazil, in the 23d degree of fouth latitude, and the 42nd deg. 30 min. W. lon- gitude from London. The next day, about noon, wc entered the harbour of Rio de Janeiro, and anchored in eighteen fathoms water, fort St. Acroufc bearing S. E. half S. a remarkable peak, in the form of a fu- i'ar-loaf, prefcnting itfelf to our view on the larboard ide, at the fouth by eaft, and Snake's Idand, which is the larged in the harbour, appearing clofe by the town «t W. N. W. and the north end of 3ie town at W. half N. On the 14th, we received a pilot on board, and ran in between the idand and ntain, not a quarter of a mile from the ihore, and at noon faluted the citadel with eleven guns, which were immediately returned. Our firft care was to get on board fredi providons for the ftiips companies, which began to be m great want of them, efpecially of greens, the fcurvy having al- ready made its appearance among th? men on board. On the 19th, our Commodore vifited the governor, who received him in ftate putting the guard under «rms : the nobility condui.:cd him to the viceroy's pa- lace, while 1 5 guns were fkcd in honour of the Britift) flag : his excellency afterwards returned the viflt, and Was received by the Contmodorc on board the Dol- phin, in a mnnner fuitable to his high rank. On this occafton all hands manned the fliip, (landing on the jrards with their arms extended juft to toucbeacn other i No. 26. I and a falutc was given with 15 guns, which was re-' turned by an equal number from the citadel. On the 9th of Oiftober, Lord Clive, in the Kent Ihdiaman, paid Commodore Byron a vifit, when he likewifc re- ceived the fame compliment, both at his coming on board, and his going away. The fame day a pilot came on board to condudt us into the road, and at tix o'clock P. M. we weighed, and fct our fails ; but having little wind, we were obliged to come again to an anchor, and wait till the next morning, during which time wc had an opportunity of making a few obfcrvations on the harbour, which fcemt capable of receiving an hundred fail of diips in good anchorage, with fumcient room for them to ride in fafcty. Tlie town of Rio de Janeiro is commodiodlly fcated at the back of Snake's idand, which being not al»vc five hundred prds from it, commands, from the fortifica- tions eredted on it, every thing that can poflibly conic to annoy the town ; and there are fcvcmf other idands at the entrance fortified with diiferent batteries. Thefe fortifications appear fo forn>idable in the eyes of the Portuguefe, that they are (o vain as to think, the whole power of Europe would not be ftiflicient to deprive them of their poflcflion i yet we may lafelyafTiim, that fix '' •! of our men of war of the line would be able tooLiuoy all their batteries in a few hours. From the i jth of September to the 1 8th of Oiflobcr, our men were employed in watering, .wooding, raulk- ing, &c. We had fix Portuguefe caulkers to alTift our carpenter, who were paid at the rate of fix Ihillings fterling per diem, though it is certain, that one of our EnglHh caulkers would do as much in one day, as they could do in three; but though dow and inadive, they perform their work very cornplctely. In this port the air is refredied by a conftant fuccclTionof land and fea- breezes ; the former comes in the morning, and con^ tinues till towards one o'clock, and foon after is rrgu< larly fuccecded by a ftrong fea-brceze. Thefe contri- bute to render the port very healthy and plcafant, and arc juftly efteemed fo falutary, that the negroes term the fea-breezc the Dodlor. The foil of Brazil is generally fertile, it producing a variety of lofty trees fit for any ufe, many of them unknown in Europe ; and the woods abound with rich fruits, among which arc a con- fideraUc number that are neither known in Europe, nor in any parts of America. Oranges and lemons grow here in as great plenty, as nuts in our woods in Eng*- land.- The fugar-cane fk>uri(hes here in the utmoft perfedlion, ana great quantities of excellent fugar, in- digo, and cotton, arc exported from hence into Eu- rope. Great quantities of gold are alfo found by the flaves, numbers of whom arc employed in fearching for it in gullies of torrents, and at the bottom of rivers ; and this country is alfb famous for its diamonds. With refpeft to the animals of Brafil, all the horfes, cows, dogs and cats arc faid to have been brought from Eu- rope : among thofc natural to the country are a great variety of monkeys, Peruvian fticep, deer and hares t the racoon, the armadillo, the flying fquirrcl, the guano, the opofTum, the ant-bear, and the doth. Among the fowls are many parrots, parroquets, ma :aws, and other birds remarkable for the beauty of their pluivagc ; with a great variety of finging birds, and fevcral fpccies of wild geefe, wild ducks, common .poultry, partridges, wood-pigeons and curliews. However, the country of Brazil is no lefs remarkable for the multitude, the va- riety, and incredible fize of its fnakes, and other veno- mous reptiles. In Rio de Janeiro the viceroy is in- verted with the fame power over the natives, as the king of Portugal enjoys over his fubjeds in Lifbon. The inhabitants, who arc of a brown complexion, have a great number of negro daves, which they purchafc in the public markets, where they are chained two and two together, and generally driven round the town to be expofcd to view. The women here are very fwarthy, and have difagrecabic features ; but thofc of a fuperioc rank are feldom fcen, as they are never fuftered to go out of doors but by night The Portuguefe arc natu- rally of fo jealous a dif(K>(ition, that ftrangers, merely by looking at their women incur tlieii rcfentmcnf, and are 3 1 ^n ]^ K ''' V I I ' ".tlil 1 i I; n 2l8 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. in danger of fuflfering by that fpirit of revenge, which univenally prevails in this country ; on which account the women are obliged to be always on their guard. In • deed, they here fcldom enter upon matrimony t but when tired of each other, they fcparatc by mutual con- fent, and then endeavour to find out another paramour to fupply the place of the former. As foon as the evening approaches, the POrtuguefe of this city go their rounds, and enter upon fcenes of debauchery, which we may venture to affirm are asfrccjuent and fla- gitious a> thofe between the inhabitants ot Lifbon. Rio de Janeiro is feated near the fide of a number of high hills, from whence to the fouthward is a very lai^gc aquc- duifl, which fupplies the whole town with water. This aqucdud, which extends acrofs a deep valley, conlifts of above fifty arches placed in two rows, one upon ano- ther, and in ibmc parts rife upwards of a hundred yards from the bottom of the valley. By this means the ua- ter is conveyed into two fountains, from whence the inhabitants fetch all they want. Thefc ftand oppolitc the viceroys palace, which is a ftately (lone building, and the only one in the whole city that has wmdows ; the other houfes in the town having only lattices. At the further end of the palace (lands the jail for crimi- nals, which from its ftrudure, and the multiplicity of its iron grates, is far from adding any beauty to the palace, to which it joins. The churches and the con- vf "^ts arc extremely magnificent, and calculated to ftrikc the paflions of the people who rcfort to them. On the altar pieces, and other parts of thofe ftrudlurcs, arc many fine figures of our Saviour, the Virgin Mary, the Apoftles, and other faints. In thefc churches a great number of friars and monks of different orders are conftantly employed to celebrate mafs to as many as happen to alfemble ; the churches being always open, and waxupcrs kept continually burning; whence, in palling by thefe (lru)lphin, and nine from the Tamar, were fcdutcd j the latter were recovered, but the former- were clfec- tually fccreted." All hands were now, being the 16th of October, employed to complete the fitting the Dolphin and Tamar lor ica, having all the rcafon poiliblc to be- lieve, that we were bound to the Eall-Indies, and that we fliould now proceed to the Cape of Good Hope, ihc fcheme having been fo well concerted by the Commo- dore, as even to deceive Lord Clivc, who prcflcd him with great importunity to allow him to take his palliige in the Dolphin, we being in much greater rcadmefs (or fea than the Kent, which had befidcs the misfortune to have many fick on board : but to this the Commodore could not confent ; yet flattered his lordfhip with the hopes of his taking him on board on their meeting ac the Cape. _ On Saturday, the 20th, wc left this port, and the coatl of Brazil, bound as we thought for the Cape of Good Hope, but when at fea, by fleering to the fouth- ward, we toourgreatfurprize found our midake; and on the 22nd, we were relieved from our fufpencc; for a fignal being made for the commander of the Tamar frigata^to come onboard, he and our own company were informed, that the Commodore's orders were to go on difcoveries into the South Sea: a circumfiance that, from the manner of which it was received, (ur- nilhes the greateft rcafon to believe, that no one on board had before the leaft notice of the voyage in which they were now engaged. To this information the Commodore added, that the good behaviour of our company, by order of the lords of the Admiralty, would be rewarded, with double pay, and other eiiu)- lumcnts. This declaration was received with marks of the highcft fatisfadion ; the crew promifcd obedience to the Commodore as. to any orders he (liould give, and exprelFcd their willingnefs to do ail in their power for the fervice of their country. Some French writeti have given a forced and very malevolent turn to this ge- nerous condud; but the daring fpirit which charac- terizes Britifh fcamen is too well known, for any one to fuppofe, that an incrcalc of pay was nectfl'ary to prompt them to do their duty in perilous fervice: and the indances of diiintcrclled gencrolity which diftin- guifh the Briti(h nation, cannot leave the true motive which aduated the board of Admiralty, when it thus dillributcd its bounty, any ways equivocal, or expofcd to the mifconilrudion of invidious men. To make the acquicfccnce of the French iaiiors, under the in- attcntionof theirgovcrnment, when M. de Bouganvillc failed round the world, an oicalion for calling a reflec- tion on the Lnglilh faiiors, for the contr.-\ry condud of government, in a fmiiiar cirrunWlancc, bcipcaks a fpe- cics of mean fubtlety, uhiih can difgraie non? but thole Commodore BYRONs VOYAGE — for making Difcovcries in the SouintRN OctAM, &c. aiy fpc« but thofe thofc who pradice it, and which the Ipiritcd rivallhip of that poliihcd nation docs not countenance. On Monday, the 29th, it blew a violent hurricanci and during the ftorni wc were obliced to throw lour of our guns overboard. It continued ail nigiit, but tub. fidcd on the morning of the .{oth, when v.c made fail, and being arrived in latitude 35 dcg. 30 niin. S. wc found the weather exceeding cold, though at this time the latter end of October, which anfwcrs to our April, in the northern and teniperatc xone, and wc were bc- fides fixtcen degrees nearer the line than -it London. A little more than a week before, we had fuHercd into- lerable heat, fo that fuch a fuddcn change was moll fe- verely felt. The feamen, having fuppofed, that they were to continue in a hot climate during the whole voyage, had difpofcdof all their warm cloathing at the ports where we had touched, as alfo their very beddingj fo that now, finding their midake, and being pinched with cold, they applied for flops, and were iurnilhtd with the necelFary articles for a cold climate. On Friday the 2nd of November, the Commodore delivered to the lieutenants of both fliips their commif- fions, they having hitherto aded only under verbal or- ders from him. On the 4th, the (hip was furrounded with vaft flocks of birds, among which were fome brown and white, and feveral pintadoeS, fomcwhat larger than pigeons. Wc alfo in latitude j8 deg. 53 min. S. and in 51 deg. W. longitude^ faw a quanti- ty of rock weed, and feveral fcals. On the i oth, we perceived the water difcoloured ; and the next day we flood in lor land, being in latitude 41 deg. 16 min. S. and in 55 deg. 17 min. W. longitude. On the nth, we ftcercd all night S. W. by W. and on Monday the 1 2th, we found ground at the depth of 45 fathoms : our latitude was 42 dcg. 34 mtn. S. longitude 5 8 dcgj 1 7 min. W- About four o'clock, P. M. our people m the fcrecaftle called out, " Land right a-hcad 1" At this time it was exceeding black round the horizon, and we had a good deal of thunder and lightening: the Lom- modore himfclf imagined what wc firft defcried to be . an ifland, which feemed to rife in two rude craggy hills; the land adjbining to it appeared to run a long way to the S. E. We were now fteering in a S. W. diredion, and founded in 52 fathoms water. Our commander thought himftlf embayed, and entertained little liope of getting clear before night. We now (leered E. S. K. the land ftill keeping the fame appearance, and the hills looking blue, as they generally do at a fmall dif- tancc, when feen in dark rainy weather. Many on board aflerted, that they faw the fea break uoon the fandy beaches, but after having made fail about an hour, what had been taken for land, in a moment vaniihed ; and, to the alloniihmcnt of every one, proved to have been a mere deceptio vijiis, which feamen call a fog-bank. Thefe delufions are frequently oc- cafioncd by ridges of clouds, and fometimes, iii the higher latitudes, by an extraordinary quality of the air. to be accounted for only by the dodrine of refrailion. Others have been equally deceived by thefe kind of il- luftons. The mafter ofa veflel, not long (incc made oath, that he had feen an ifland between the welt end of Ireland and Newfoundland, and even diftinguiflied the trees that grew upon it; yet it is now well known, that no fuch ifland' exifts, at Icaft it could never be found, though feveral fhips were afterwards fent out on purpoic to feck it. And Commodore Byron was of opinion, tha^if the. weather had not cleared up foonenoiitrh for us to fee what wc had taken for land difappear, livery man ot\ board would freely have made oath that land i had been difcovered in this latitude of 43 dcg. 46 min. S. and in 60 deg. 5 min. W. longitude. This falfe appearance was fucceeded, on Tuefday the 13th, by a fuddcn and tremendous hurricane. Notwithltanding the weather was extremely fine, in the afternoon the Iky grew black to windward, and a noifc was heard, which refemblcd the breaking of the fea upon a fliailow' beach, The thirds were obferved flying from the quarter wlience the ftonn ilFued, and Ihrieking through .the apprehcnlion of its approach. It was not pbftible ■ to make the necelFary preparations before it reached us. i The fea rolled on towards us in vail billows rovcrod with foam. Orders were inftantly given to ha«l up the fore fail; and let go the main Ihcctj but before we could raife the main tack, the Dolphin was laid upon her beams. We now cut the main tack, for it was ira- poffible to cart it oft", upon which, the main (heet llruck down the fird lieutenant, much bruited him, and beat out three of his teeth. The main-top fail not being quite h.mded was fplit to pieces. The Tamar fplit her main-fail, but being to the leeward, fhc had more time toc prepare; and had not fufticient warning been given by the agitation of the fea, the Dolphin mull have been overfet, or her malls would have been tarried away: It was the opin of all our people, that bad this florin approached with lefs warning, and more violence, or had it overtaken us in the night, the lliip mufl: have been loll. Our Commodore thought this guft of wind more, violent than any one he had encountered ; it lafled about twenty minutes, and then fubfidcd. It blew, however, hard all night, and on the 14th, we had -X great fwell. The fea alfo appeared as if tinged witli blood, owing to its being covered with fmall red cray- filh, of which great quantities were taken up in bafkets by the Ihip's company. On the 15th, our three lieutenants and the ma^Qer were fo ill as to be mcapabic of duing their duty ; but the reft of our hands were in good health. Our latitude this day was 45 dcg. 21 min. and longitude 63 deg. 1 min. E. On the' 16th, wc lluped our courfe for Cape Blanco, agreeable to the chare of it, laid down in Anion's voyage j and after many hard gales of wind, on the 1 7th, wc faw the Cape, and lor two days llrug- gled hard to reach Port Delire. We now Hood inio d bay to the fouthward of the Ca-pe, but could find no port. On the 20th, wc made Penguin Ifland, and as Pott Delirc was faid to be three leagues to tlii N. W. of it, ft boat was fent out, and having found it we flood in for land ; . and anchored four miles from the fhore. On Wcdnefday the 21ft, wc weighed in ordei' to enter the haibour of Port Delirc ; but found it very rocky, and not above a quarter of a mile from fide to fide. On our failing up, the wind was at S. S. W. diredly in our favour, and the weather being remarka- bly temperate, all our boats were round the (hip ; but on a fuddcn the wind came about to the N. E. which being diredly againll us, we made all polTible hafte to get our fails furled ; but being within the haibour we could not return, and the tide of flood running with exceflive rapidity, we were obliged to let go both anchors, and before wc could bring her up, Ihc took the fhore. This was follo-Acd by a cold rainy night, rendered more melancholy and gloomy by the rellcdion, that the boats were all driven to fea, where every per : 11 in them would probably perilh, and that we ourfelves had no reafon to exped our ever getting off, as both the wind and tide were againll us, but chat wc Ihould be obliged to live, or perhaps perifli, on this dcfert coaft ot Patagonia, feveral hundred leagues to the fouthward of any European fcttlement; but at length, to our great joy, our twelvc-oared barge providentially drove into the harbour, by which means the Ihip was prcfcrved, for without thrs timely aflillancc Ihe mult have pcrilhed, we having no boat to carry oui an an- chor. After many attempts, we carried out our IVrcam anchor, which, when the tide turned, enabled us, by weighing our onher anchors, to get into the n iddle of the harbour, where, with the I'amar in company, wc moored both fhips : but as it blew very l-,ard, we were obliged to take down our yards and topniails. Mean white two of our boats had been driven on fliore, and the men fuftcrcd' exbremcly from its raining very hard all night : bat notwithltanding this they returned the next dav. Ax to our long boat, it was carried many leagues out to let, with only tw o men in it ; we had there- fbre little profpectof feeing them again ; but on the 23d they returned with the boat into harbour, though they were almoiij*tti •jp^l i.»i' S^ ^ ,m;>. . ■»' •'• '■' ",. ■ ' -f i r; »i * 'i '. * » '^' f -»•>,. ■ ■■ ,1,. ■.■.■^^..,_ I, :■' ■■^m \^ M H^'i^'J'W: (:' ''..■■'•f'V' '; k jt 'if • »' ■ ', '' '■k y '■■•■■ -Vi-V. «<»• •»«, ^.. hiL^i-'j&iM'':' M, y 'f :v - ■..?(.. X«U /i,MUUdty^htV*tfjHil*ja^^.^m^. > '.« jytrn*t*rJlmt m Commodore BYRON'i VOYAGE— for making Diitoverica in thcii"u 1 1 n o^ta n, .^tc. J in the Ibnie :', but 'Ihr ■ uaits I heir «ny immediate intcrcourfc >*ith the SpanianU pr PoC- tufirucfc of South America. We m*il» not omit, that before our landing, the greateft part il thii< niant were on horfebttck, but on feeing fliore, they difmounted, and left their htn difttnce. Thefe horfe* were not lai^t, m, cafe, yet they were well broken, «?u1 very i bore no proportion to the fizc of their ridci bridle wata leathern thong, with a fmall piiCCK that ferved for a bit, and the faddliJ refcmblMl 1 1 in ufe amon^^; the country people in England, women rode aflride, and Ixith men and women without ftirrupt I yet they j^alloptd foarlcftly over the ("pit upon which we landed, the Rones of which were large, loofc and flippery. Thefe pcinplacency and good nature. Such is the inforniaticiis we have received from the papers of our journalift, whof<; veracity re- quired no proof among thofc who have had thepleafurc of his actiuaintance ; but as evidences in corroboration of hid alTertions. and the truth of the fiids, we Ihall in- fert here the following account of the Patagonians, which we have received from a gentleman, who was alfo an oflkcr in one of the fliips, and on (hore at the fame time with our author. The Dolphin having entered ten or twelve leagues into the mouth of the itraits of Magellan, the mch on deck obferved thirty or forty people of an extraordinary Mature, Aanding on the beach of the continent, who looking attentively on them, made friendly figns, by which they fcemed to invite them to come on Ihorc ; while others who flood aloft, difcovered with their glaflcs a much greater number, about a mile farther up the country ; but afcribed their apparent fizc to the foggincfs of the air. The fhip happened at this inllant to be becalmed ; the honourable Mr. Byron, thinking no time would be lod by going alhorc, rcfolvcd to lano] in order to fee thefe Indians, and learn what he could «>f their manners ; he therefore ordered a fix-oared boat for hin»felf and officers; and one of twelve oars to be lilled with men and arms, as a fecurity, in cafe there ihoHld be any attempt to furprizc or injure him, or any of thofc who went with him ; though the people on fliorc did not feem to have any thing like an oH'enfive weapon among them. On the Commodore's landing, in •company with his lieutenant, he made figns to the In- dians, who were crouding round him, to retire, which they very readily did, to the didanceof thirty or forty yards. He then; attended by his lieutenant, advanced towards them, about twenty yards, and their number was fooo UKrcai'cd to upward* of five hundred men. women, ««»d -hildrcn. SfVirai paflcd on rtmh Mv*, the Iri li »ns and fatikfaclion, by linking uftoHiin hands, and fitting with l(N>ks ot pi' wives and children round the Comm buli'd nong them riblxms, and Urn which rhey appeared highly tUlij^hto' iiiLfs >und the necks of fevcral ol fktr I to be from fevcn to eight If ere for the mofl part about nii mci and Ml U lue more, feet, anc' but jull reach th who was not, b' ' are well made, Both fexci an I lie Commodore 1 t 9t th', tlW xpicding iheir jtof l(«ll^», fltaik." t 're, Wio) ihttr re, wh» diftri- 1)1 beads, Htih lie I ' n«k- le » .n, *ho hi» hut the Tet inhil^ht, *!nh he Ho wn of r> .the taller Hid fet, anil a topptr U- nwKun;* on tip- () all navigator*, of whatever country, a^rcr in alKrmirig the exiftence of a race of giant* upon chofe coaOti nut during another century, a much greater nuinher agree in denying the t'*tt, treating their prrdecelliira at idle fubulilli. Ji,ir/v>iatt fpeaki of a race of giant* in South America i and the (/hcii (i.mi/ii/fii «/»• la f^iga in hi* hiftory of /Vr«, i* dccilivcly on the fame lide of the queUioii. I'or i/M '«rfi/4 lib. I. chap. 13 and 14, record* the American tradition* concerning a race of giant*, and a deluge which hap|)ened in reitiote time*, in thefc part*. Magellan, Loaifa, Sanniento, and Nodal, antong the Spandiard* 1 and L'avcndilh, Hawkina, and Knivct, nntong the- Knglifh 1 Sebald, Oliver dc N(M)rt, Ic Miiire, and SpillK-rg, among the Dutch, together with fnnic l-'rench voyager*, all bear tellimony to the fact, that the inhabitant* of Patagonia were of a gigantic height: on the contrary, Winter, the Dutch aclmiral Hennite, Frogcr, in Dc Genncs'* narrative, imd Sir John Narboro»igli, deny it. Sir l-rancis Drake, who failed throuirh the llraii*, fav* nothinj^ concerning it ; and hi* (ilence on this head can only be accounted for on the fuppolition, cither that he fnw no inhahitantii on the coall in his pnlFagc, or tlitt there was nothing extraordinary in their .ip- Iiearancc. To reconcile thcfe dilfcrcni opinions, we lavc only to fuppofc that the country is inhabited by dil^inct races of men, one of whom is ot a fize beyond the ordinary pit< h, the other not gigantic, though perhaps tall nnd remarkably large limbed ; and that each polfels parts of the country feparatc and remote fiom each other. That fomc giants inhabit thefc rcj'ions can now no longer be aoubtcd ; lincc the loncurrcnt tcftimony of late linglifli navigators, par- ticularly Comnxxiore Byron, Captains Wallis and Carteret, gentlemen of unqucftionable veracity, cfta- blilh the tni\, from their not only having fecn and convcrfed with thcfe people, but even mcafurcd them. But it is time now to proceed with the hillory of our vojagc. On Friday the aifl of December, at three o'clock P. M. wc wciphcil, and worked up the ftrait of Magellan, which is here about three leagues broad, not with a view to pais through it, but to take in a proper ftock of wood and water, not chuling to trurt wholly to the finding of Falkland's lilands, which we determined afterwards to feek. At eight in the evening wc anchored in 25 fathoms water, at the dirtaiicc of three miles N.N. E. from Port PoirelTion, in view of t«o remarkable hummocks, which Bulk- K'T, from their appearance, di(\inguiflicd by the name of the Alfcs l'.ars. On the 22nd, at three o'clock A. M. wc weighed and ileered S. W. by W. about four leagues, w lien the water flioaled to lix fathoms and A half, wc being then over a bank of which no notu e has hitherto been taken, and full three leagues from the ftioic; but in two or three caftsof the log- line, it deepened to i ;{ fathoms. When the water was (hallow ert, the Alfcs Ears bore N. W. by W. mtd the north point of the firft narrow W. by S. dil^ant foinewhat more than five miles. Wc now fteercd S. W. by S. two leagues to the firft narrow, as it is iifually called, which brought us through. "This nar- row is about three miles over, and is the narroweft part of the llraits ; and through it a regular tide runs with great rapidity. In this run wc law an Indian mxin the foiith ihorc, who kept waving to us as long as wc were in fight; alfo fomc guanicoes upon the hills. The land is on each fide furroundcd with thefe; but the country is entirely barren without a ft fingle tree, yet wc here obfervcd great quantities of finokc from diU'erent parts of the Inore. The courfe of the firfl narrow to a little fea, or the found, is S. W. by W. about eight leagues. The land on each lide is of a moderate height, and rather higheft on the north (hore, but runs low towards the fecond narrow. On founding from the firft to the fecond narrow, we found from 20 to 25 fathoms water, with II gO(Kl anchorage: and it wa» there about U\rn league* from the north fhore to the illand of leira del Fuej(U. At the entrance or caft end o( the fecomJ narrow lie* Cane (Gregory, whuh is u white diUnt u nuKlerate height ; and a little to the n ithwurd of it i« a fandy bay, in whieh ymi iiiiy ride in ij)»ht fathoms water, with \cry gmid an huriKc. Winn abreall of Cape (;regi)ry we llecnd S. W . half W. live leagueii, through the fecond nirrow, having i de|>th ot water from 20 to 35 fatluimi. Wc went out of the weft end of this narrow ilviiit noon, and ftecred three leagues Couth tor l.li/.abeth''. Illnnd. At this part of the narnnv on the lonth llioie, i* a white headland, called Sweepftakes I Drelaiid. 'I he wind being right againft us we anchoied in feveii fathom, 'rhe illand bore S. S. M. alxjut a mile il«(- tant, and Bartholomew'* Illand bore l-:. S. li. In the evening lix Indians came down to the water-(ide, and contmued lor fomc time waving and hnllcwing to us, but feeing their labour fruitieis, they went away. Between the firft and fecond narrow* the Hood fets to the S. W. and the cbh to the \. IC. but being paft the fecond narrow, the. courfe with a leading wind is .S. bv F« three leagues between St. Bartholomew's and hii/.alKth's lilands, where the channel is one mile and a half over. The Hood fet* through to the fouthward with great vdieineiice and rapiiliiy, fo that when near, it appears like bnakers, and the tide round the illands fets diH'iient \\a)h. On Sunday the 2jd we had very moderate weather, but ha/y, with interv.ils ol Irelli hiee/es. In the niorning we weighed, and wmked haween the two illands: we got over on the north llioie be- fore the tide w;is fpent, and anehorcvl in 10 laihom. St. (Jeorge's Illand bore N. M. by N. dillant three leagues; a jwint of land, which wc •named Porpoifc Point, N. by W. diftant five miles, and the fmuliern- moft land S. by E. dilhnt about two miles. In tho evening wc again got under fail, and ftecred S. by E. and at ten o'clock we anchored alwut a mile from tho north fliorc, in ij fathoms. Sandy Point now bore S. by E. diftant four miles; Porpoifc Point N. N. W. three leagues, and St. George's Iftand N. E. four leagues. On the 24th, we fent the boat to CounA between Elizabeth's and St. Bartholomew's Illands. and found it a very good channel, with deep water. On this occafion we law a number of Indians, who hallooed to us from Elizabeth's Illand. Both the men and women were of the middle lize, well niaelc, and with fmooth black hair. Their complexion waa olive-coloured, and their boilies were rubbed over with red earth, mixed with greafe. They arc very adivc and fwift of foot. Their cloathing confifts of Ikins of feals, otters, and guanicoes, feweil together in a piece about four feet fquarc, and wrapped round their bodies. Tliey have likewife a cap made of the fltins of fowls with the feathers on ; and upon their feet were pieces of Ikins to anfwer the purpofc of Ihocs : belides, fomc of the females had pieces of Ikin faftcned round their waifts. The women how- ever had no caps, but wore a kind of necklace formed of Ihell*. Several of the men had nothing wrapped round them, but were entirely naked. This day the Commodore, accompanied by his fecond lieu- tenant landed upon Sandy Point, where they found plenty of wood, with exceeding good water, and for four miles of their walk the lliore was very pleafant. A fine level country is over the point, and the foil to all appearance is extremely rich. The ground was covered with dift'ercnt kinds of flowers, that periiimed the air with their fragrance, among which, where the bloflbms had been flicd, wc faw berries in- numerable, even the grafs was intermixed with peas in blolfom. In this luxuriant herbage, a multitude of birds were feeding, which on account of their' un- conamon beautiful plumage, wc called painted geefc. In our walk from Sandy Point, which was more than 1 2 miles, wc faw no part of tlie Ihore w here a boar could land without great danger, the water being every where Ihoal, aiid the fea breaking verr high. CoMMODoRK HYKON's VOVA(ii:— lui u.akiii},' Oikovcrii-Mii ehc Sou nii kn t)i i .vn,.V.. .^5 In little rcttflci of the wmxl*, ami iil«a>» iumi- 10 frfrt* water, we difccvercd a «r(at niiinlKT <.[ wi(;- wami. belonging to the Iniiuni, which h.ul Ikih very lately oifupiLil. lor in lomc <»» tnc\u Uw iii« were fcarcely cxtinnuiflu-d. I'knty ol nmU edcry, nnd « variety of plant*, won- (iin m many plana, the utility of which to iVanun in a Iomc vii)aj'c u w..l known. Wc ntuinnl in the cvtnmn to the lliips which wc fnuml at anchor in S.imly H.iv, m lol.uhon » water, ami at the .lillance of about halt a inilc liniu the fhorr. During our ahlincr, fonic ol our nan were employed in hauling the feme, ami in thiee luuirt had cuuRht a great quantity of (id), of an txtrnonlinary fi7,ci among which were (ixty large nuilkt*. A IIkkk- inK party had good fports lor the place abounds with Beelc, teal, fnipcM. and other birdi. Thm txcdkiit food was, cfpecially at thii time, very acceptable, lor the keen air of this place had made our people lo hun- crv, that they could have eaten three times their al- lowance. By a good obfcrvation we found our latitude to be 53 dec. 10 iiiin. S. On 1'uefday the 25th, being Chriftmas-day, we weirhi-d at eight o'cloik, A. M. and with little wind, ftceild S. by K. along-lidj of theftiorc between two ami three t iilei, hut had no founding with a line ot 40 la- thanis. Kvcrv thing here was in the griateH perfec- tion, \ itii n-lpeilt to the appearance ot the trees, and the vmiuic ot the lands, whii h in ditVercni [)la( ts aflord a u\o\\ enchanting prnl'pcftj and many parts of the ll.ort have paflure for ilieep or cows, winch in fuch Icnij; voyages arc generally on board. At this lime rf the year, the fun is 1 7 hours above the horizon, thcIV- .il.\mis bein;'liiiiattd neaily at the famediltamc (Vi)iu liic equator, a^ the middle part of Crieat Britain, only one to the fouth, and the other to the north. In failing towarils the South Folc. the fame alteration is found'as in Ihcring towards the north, till >ou run between do and 70 degrees, when the weflcrly winds generallv prevailing in the fouthcrn ocean, and blowing \ -ry furioufly in the months of April, May, June, July. Augull, and September, there is no probability of fail ing round the cape in thcfe months, for which reafon Ihips feldoin attempt it, unlefs in the proper fcafon. At three P. M. we caft anchor in 18 fathoms water, Sandy Point bearing N N. W. three leagues, and the fouth point of Frelh Water Bay, S. E. half E. two miles. The tide here runs very (low, but rifes confider- ably by the (horc, where we obfervcd it to flow 1 6 feet. The land here is diverfified with woods, and abounds ■with water: in fome places it rifes very high, and is covered with perpetual fnow. On the 26th we weighed, ami fteered S. S. E. for Port Famine. The northernmort point, called St. Anne's, at noon, bore S. by E. half E. diftant three leagues. A reef of rocks funs out from this ]■ nt S. E. by E. about two miles; and the water wi.i fuddenly fhoal from 60 to 20 fathoms, at the ditlancc of two cables length from the reef. The point itlelf is very fteep, and care mull be taken in (landing into Port Famine, for the water fhoal< very fuddenly, and at more than a mile from the Ihore there is but nine feet water, whci} the tide is out. Soundings will loon be got by hauling clofc round St. Anne's Point -, but when there is no more than feven fathoms, it will not be fafe to go farther in. On Thurfday the 27th, wc anchored at noon in Port Famine. Our fituation was extremely eligible, for we were fhcltered from all winds, except the S. ii. which feldom blows, and was a fhip to be (".t' ven on fliore in the bottom of the bay, the could not rfcei\»" any damage, for it is all fine foft ground. In this harbour may be found a coniiderable quantity of excellent wood, either green or dry, the latter lying along the fliore on both lides the flraits, which arc alinou covered with the trees that have been blown down fVom the banks, and drifted by the high winds. Thcfe trees are fomcwhat like our birch, but arc of fo confidcrabie a fize, that the thinks of fome of them are two feet and a half in di- ameter, and 60 feet in length. Marly of thcfe were cut down for our carpenter's ufe, who found, that when properly dried, they were very fcrviceabic, though not No, 27. lit tor itiall«. A* to ilril't wood, there i> a quantity fuHii iint to have t'urnillicd A thoul.iml fail. Port laiiiine obtained it.t name lioiii a party of Si)aniariU, who had plantci) a colony on the tlicirc i but tor waiuofn regular limply of provilions, were ll.iivrd to death. There are Itill fome rcin.niis of biiiklii';.M, tliough they arc now alinoll lovircil with earth. Ui- law them on a hill, that hai been i Icarcd of woikI, and which i< not far t'lomwiure our lliip'> lay. The river Sjilgcr tlifchargcs itillf into the bay. This river ii about half a ealile length broad at ih.' intram e, ami i < jiill navigable liir boats. In going into it wc im t with two lilts. o;ic on the ll.ub.ind-liJi', anil the nthcr on the larboard, which we ilileoverctl at halUbbi tlud- render it fomewhat ililiiciilt to go iip the nvcr, exiept after halt' flood, when it may be nivi|Mied withgre.it pleafure and cafe, b;, keeping in the niidill/ of the channel. About twomiUs up the river it is not above ■JO yards over, at which place »e found on our righ', a line gravelly Ihep beach, fo tint the boats had the convenience of coming along-tiile of it. in ou)( r to receive the water in calks, ulii(liv\e found to hi.' excellent. The Commodore, w iih a party, went up the river four miles, but could proieed no faitlur. the trees which had tallen ai ro(s the llnain imptdirg the boat's way ; one of the Humps of tJKni bavin;; made a hole in her bottom, llie wai Immediati!)' till d with water J but, with dillicultv iluv liaiiled lior on Hon-, and contrived to flop the the leak, lo that they iiuule a Ihift to return in her to the lliip. 'I'his river ha.^ per- haps as beautiful an appcaiaiice as it is polljblc f'oi the moll luxuriant lam y to coi'.ceive. Its a^jrecahlc wiiul- ini;s arc vaiious ; and on each (ide is a line grovi; ot (lately trees, whofe lofty heads jut over the river; ai.d lorm a plcafant thade. .Some of them aic of a >;rea' height, and more than eight feet in diameier, whieh is proportionably more than eight yaids in Lircumference ; fo that foui^men joining hamls could not compa's them ; among others, we law the pepp«r-tree, or winter's-bark, in great plenty. To coiiij)lcte this de- lightful fpot, the wild notes of dill'ercnt kind ot birds are heard on all tides, and the aromatic fmel! of the various forts of flowers which adorn its banks, feem to unite in gratifying the fenicsof the inchanted (I ranger. The flowers with which in many places the ground is covered, are not inferior to thi fe that are commonly found in our gardens, either in bfauty or fragrance. Such arc the charms which nature has laviflicd on a fpot, where the Indians alone can behold its beautici; while they arc pro'-sably infenfible of thole attrading fcenes, which perfonsof the moll improved tafle might contemplate with no fmall pleafure ; and were it not for the fevcrity of the cold in winter, this country, by cultivation, might be made the finell in the world. The leaves of the trees, the dimenlions of whole trunks wc have already noticed, refemble thofe of our bay-trees. The rind is grey on the outfide and pretty thick. Thin is the true winter's bark, animc which it obtained from its being brought in the year 1567, from the Straits of Magellan, by Mr. William Winter. This bark, on being taken off the tree and died, turns to the colour of chocolate. It has an acrid, burning, pungent tatlc, and is cftcemcd an excellent remedy againll the llurvy. It is, however, extremely fragrant, and the tree, when ftanding, has a ftrong aromatic fmell. Wc frequent- ly made ufe of the bark on board our fliip in pies, in- Itead of pepper, and being flceped in water it gives a very agreeable flavour. 1 htfe trees are likcwife found in the woods, in many other places in the ftraits, and alfo on the call and w efl: coafts of Patagonia. 1 he land in the woods, in fome places, coniifls of gravel, in others of fand, and in others of good brown earth ; bur old fallen trees and underwood obftrud the palTage through them. Thefc woods near the Ihore, extend up the fides of very high hills, but the mountains further within land rife much higher, and their barren rugged fummits covered with fnow, arc feen peeping over the hills next the ftiorc. Indeed, the land on each fide the ftiore rifes to a great height, particularly en ,the ifland of Terra del Fuego, on the fouth-flde of the 3 ^ ftraits. m 11 226 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD C o m p l i. i I -ftraits, where there arc high barren rocks covered with cverlafting fnow. Thcfc hav^ ii black dreary afpcift, and iiiuft have a confidcrablc inHuence on the air, w hich ihify render cold and iTlotd. This evidently ap- peared even while wc were there, though this was their niidfummer, when every thing muft nalturaliy be in the highcfl perfedlion. But notwithdanding the weatlKT, when the fun (hone out, was very wann, yet it was unfettled, and wc had frequently heavy rain and thick focks. In the woods arc innumerable par- rots, artd other birds of the mod beautiful plumage. W'c fhot every day gcefe and CiUcks enough to fcrve the Commodore's table, and that of feveral others: we had, indeed, plenty of frefli provifions of all kinds, particularly fifh, of which wc caught fuch numbers as lupplicd our men three times a week. Wc muft not omit here, that we faw many Indian huts, built with fmall branches of trees, and covered with leaves and mud, but we never met with a (inglc inhabitant. The country between this and Cape Forward, which is dif^- tant about three leagues, is exceeding line : the foil ap- pears to be very rich, and there arc no Icfs than three pretty large rivers, bclides many brooks. While we continued in this port, the Commodore and a party went one day to Cape Forward. Upon fetting out we intended to have gone farther ; but the rain having fell very heavy, we were glad to flop at the Cape, and make a good fire to dry our clothes. The Indians had de- parted fo lately from this place, that the wood, which lay half burnt, was ftill warm. Soon after our fire was kindled, we perceived another on the Terra del Fucgo fliore, a lignal, probably, which we did not undcrllaiid. The rain having abated, we walked over the cape, and found the ftrait to run about W. N. W. The hills at far as wc could fee, were of an immenfe height, very craggy, and covered with fnow from the very bafe up- wards. The Commodore having ordered a tent to be ere(5ted on tiie borders of a wood, and near a rivulet, three feamen were ftationed there to walh linen, and they lay in the tent. One evening, foon after they had retired to reft, they were awakened by the deep and hollow roarings of fome wild beafts, which approached nearer every mometit. Terrified with apprehenfions of being devoured, they made and kept up a blazing fire, round which the beafts walked at a fmall diU tancc till dawn of day, when they retired. Wc did not credit this ftory, for the relators could not tell us what kind of beafts they faw, only they were very large; yet it muft be acknowledged, that, at different times, when on fliore, we tracked many wild beafts in the fand, but never faw one. And as wc were returning through the woods, we found two very large fkulls, which, by the tetth, appeared to have belonged to fome beafts of prey, but of w hat kind we could not guefs. CHAP. II. !-l The Dolphin and Tamar fleer back from Port Fumiinc iti /eanl- ./ Falkland's Ijhnds — Airiir at Port Egtnont — 01- /(Tiiitions en this port and the adjacent country — Ran jrom Falkland's Ijlands to Pert Dcjire, r.iid ihrougb the Straits of Mai^ellan as far as Cape Monday — The Florida florefbip happily difcovered — Aftraiigefail makes her appearance, and fhllkvs the Dolphin, u-bich proved to ie the F.agle, commanded ly M. BongainvilU' — A defrtptiontf difjercnt parts of the Straits — Paffage from Cape Monday into the Sontb Sea — Tbe Dolphin in a cynical filiation — Ohfervations on 'Tiiifda\ Bay— Enters the Pacific Ocean — And touches at Mafa-Fuero — Olfervations on this Ijland. ^ WJ^ began this New-year in Port A. D. 17^5. yY pamine, where wc enjoyed every blclllrig, which after fo long a voyage we had reafonto cxped. Wc had fifti, wood, and water, in abundance : both our fliip and the Tamar were in good condition, and the fuccefs of our voyage, with the continued kindncfs of our Commodore, kept our men in high fpirits. Having compleated the wood and water of bothfliips, and provided every neceflary that was wanted, on Friday the 4th of January, we weighed, and fet fail from Port Famine, ftanding over to the Ifland of Terra del Fuego, where wc faw great quantities of finoke fifing from different quarters, which we lup- pofcd to be raifed by various parties of Indians. The intention of the Commodore was now to ftccr back again in fcarch of Falkland's Iffands. With this view on the £th, we held on our courfc N. W. by N. four leagues, and then three leagues north, between Eliza- beth and Bartholomew Iflands, after which we fteered N. E. half E. from the fecond narrow to the firft, be- ing a run of eight leagues. We proceeded through the firft narrow againft the flood -, but the tide of flood fetting ftrong to fouthward, drove the fliip dircdly towards the fouth ftiorc, which might have proved of faul confequence to the fliip; for as we were under a very high rocky cliflT in 50 fathoms water, if there had hi ipcncd a fudden fquall of wind, wc muft have been inevitably loft : however, the flood fet us back again into the entrance of the firft narrow, and we caft anchor in 40 fathom, within two cables length of the ftiore. On the 6th, at one o'clock, A. M. we weighed, and had a pleafant northerly breeze with the tibe ofcbb ; but this breeze pjon abating, the tide fet the fliip to the N. W. and at five flic took the groilnd on a fand bank of 15 feet, which reduced us to no fmall ex- tremity ; but providentially, in about half an hour, ftie fwung by the force of the tide into deeper water. This ftioal, not mentioned by any former navigators, is very dangerous, as it lies diredly in the track be tween Cape Virgin Mary and the firft narrow, and juft in the middle bcwccn the nonh and fouth n.orcsi It is more than two leagues long, equally broad, and in many places very ftccp ; fo that fliouitl a ft.ip ground upon it in a hard gale of wind, llie would probably foon be beat to pieces. When w c were upon this bank. Point PoircfTien bore N. E. diftant three leagues, and the entrance of the narrow S. VV^ diftant two leagues. About fix o'clock, A. M. we anchored, and at noon worked with the ebb tide lill two, but finding the water ftioal, we came again to anchor, about half a mile from the fouth-ftde of the bank : at which time the Aflcs Fjirs bore N. W. by W. diftant fourlcagues; On the 7th, about eight o'clock, A. M. we weighed and fteered about halt a mile S. E. by E. \\'e now got our boats out, and towed the fliip into the dcepcft water in the fouth channel s by which means wc an- chored in 14 fathoms, the tide of flood making ftrong againft us ; and then being for the diftance of iialf a mile round us cncompailbd with ftioals, that had only eight feet water, we fent our boat to found, in order la find a channel ; and after being difappointcd more than once, we at length weighed for thelaft time, and left the coaft. On Tuefday the 8th, by obfcrvatlon we found our- felves in latitude 51 dcg. 50 min. We now brought to for the Tamar, who had come through the north channel, and was fome leagues aftcrn of us. This day we had ftrong gales from the weftward : and in the forenoon a moft violent fquall of wind which fprung our main-maft, but effedual methods were taken im- mediately by our carpenter to fecure it. On the 9th, wc were in latitude 52 deg. 8 min. S. and in 68deg. 31 min. W. longitude, at which time Cape Virgin Mary bore S. 83 deg. W. diftant 33 leagues. On the 1 0th, our courfe was N. 18 W. for 13 leagues 1 •nd Qur latitude 51 deg. 31 rain. S. longitude 68 deg. 44 min. Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE— for makihg Difcovcries in the Southern OceAn,&c. ^27 ve could not 44 mill. VV. On the iith, our courfc wasN. 87 E. for J3 leagues. Cape Virgin Mary bore S, 73 dc^i 8 mill. W. and Cape Fairweather W. 2 dcg. S. Thi.s day we had llrong gales at S. W. accompanied with a great fca. In the evening we cfpicd land, but our tonfort being fome leagues aftern, we wore Ihip, and made an caly fail off. On the 1 2th, at day break, we Hood in again, and at four o'clocic recovered fight of the land a-head, which was taken for Dc Wcrti Iflands, and at the fame time wc faw other land to the fouth, which appeared to be a conlidcrable nun\bcr of iflands near each other, fome of them fceming very low, and almoii even with the furfacc of the water, and which we judged to be what are called in the charts New Iflands. Intending to ftand in between thefe, wc found the land which appeared to be unconnedcd, was joined by fome low ground, and formed a deep bay. When hauling out of this wc difcovered a long low reef of rocks, ftretching out for more than a league to the northward of us, and another between that, and what wc had taken for the northermoft of De Wcrts Iflands. This land confifts chiefly of mountainous and barren rocks, except the low part, which is not fecn till you approach near it, and the whole has very much the ap- pearance of Staten Land. Birds and feais abound here, and wi; faw large whales fpouting roun 1 the Ihip. When wc were near enough to dilcern the low land, wc found ourfelves wholly embayed, anJ had it blown hard at S. W. fo high a fca mult have rolled in, as would have made it impofTiblc to keep c!:;ir of the ftiore ; wc mention thefe particulars, that all fliips may hereafter avoid falling into this bay. At noon we obfervcd in latitude 51 deg. 27 min. S. and in 6j dcg. 54 min. W. longitude. On Sunday the 13th of January, at day-break, we flood in for the north part of the ilbnd by the coaft of which wc had been embayed. Being about a knguc to the eallward, it fell calm, and poured down toiVtnts of rain, after which a moll uncomnjon fwell cimc from the wcftward, and ran fo high, and with fuch velocity, that we expedted every moment it would let us very faft towards the (horc, as dangerous as any in the world, and we could fee the furge breaking at Ibme diftance from it mountains high ; very fortunately for us a frefli gale fprung up at S. E. with which, to our great joy, wc were able to ftand off, and we would advife every one, who may hereafter come this way, to give the ncrth part of this ifland a gcxxl birth. We now brought to in latitude ft dcg. S. and in 6;{ dcg. 22 min. VV. longitude. Monday the 1 4th, we difcovered a flat ifland covered ^ith^ufts of grafs as large as bufties. We continued our courfe along the ftiore fix leagues farther, and then faw a low rocky ifland, bearing S. E. by E. and diftant about three leagues from the land wc were coafting, which here forms a very deep bay, and bears E. by N. of the other ifland on which had been feen the long tufrs of grafs. During the night wc ftood off and on, and on the 1 5th, at three o'clock, A. M. we ftood in tx)wards the land, and hoiftcd out our boats to found. Thefe were gone till noon, when they returned with the agreeable news of having found a fine convenient (v.u , entirely fecurc from the fiiry of the winds, with its c ifland, not before known, lyinp to the well ward of us: it was not inhabited, and 1 gave it the name of Pcpys's Ifland. Wc found' it a very commodious place for fliips to water at, and t.ikc In wood, and it has a very good harbour, where a tho.iland fail of Ihips mayfafcly ride. Here is great plenty of fowls, and, we judge, abundance of fifti, by reafon of the grounds being nothing but rocks and fands." To this account there is annexed a reprefen- tation of Pcpys's Illand, in which names arc given to fcveral points and head lands, and the harbour is called Admiralty Bay ; yet it appears that Cowley had only a diflant viewof it, tor ht immediately adds, " rhe wind being fo extraordinary high that we could not get into it to water, we flood to the fouthuard, fliapin;; our courfeS.S. W. till we came into the latitude of 53 dcf;." and though he fays, that •• it was commodious to take in wooil," and it is known that there is no wood on Falk- land's Iflands, Pepys's Ifland and Falkland's Illand may, notwithllanding, be the fame; for upon I'alkland's Iflandsthere are immenfe quantities of flags with narrow leaves, reeds, and ruflies, which grow in clulU-rs, fo a.'* to form buflics about three feet high, and then ihwz about fix or feven feet higher: thefe at a dillance have greatly the appearance of wood, and were taken tor wood by the French who landed there in the year i76.f, as appears by Pernetty's account of their voyage. It has been fuggefted, that the latitude of Pep)s's Illand might, in the manufcript from which the account ot Cowley's voyage was printed, be rxprcflcd in ligures, which if ill made, might equ.illy rcl'emblc 47 and 5 1 ; and therefore as there is no ifland ir thcfc (l-as in lati- tude 47, and as Falkland's Iflands he nearly in 51, that 51 might reafonably beconcludcdtobeth nun.bcr tcr which the figures were intended to fland : rccourfe therefore was had to the Britifh Mufcum, and a manu- fcript journal of Cowley's was there found. In this manufcript no mention is made of an illand not hetbri; known, to which he gave the name of Pe{)ys's Illand, but land is meniioned in latitude 47 deg. joiiiiii. ex- prefl'ed in words at length, which exactly anfwers to the dcfcription of what is called Pepys's Ifland in the printed account, and which here, he fays, he fiippofed to be the Iflands of Sebald de Wert. 1 his part of the manufcript is in the following words : " January 1683, This month wee were in the latitude of .^.7 deg. and 40 min. where weeefpied an ifland bearing weft from us, wee having the wind at N. E. wee bore away for it, it being too late for us to goeonflioare, wee lay by all night. The ifland fecmed very pleafant to the eye, with many woods. I may as well lay, the whole land was woods. There being a rock lying above water to the eafl ward of it, where were an innumerable company of fowles, being of the bigneile of a fmall goofe, v hich fow les would ftrike at our men as they were aloft : fome of them wee killed and eat : they feemcd to us very good, only tailed fomewhat fifhiy. 1 iailed along that iilancl to the fouthward, and about the S. W. fide of the ifland there feem;d to me to bea good place for fliipps to ride; I would have had the boat out to have gone into the harbour, but the wind blew frcfli, and they would not agree to go with it. Sailing a little further, keeping the lead, and having 26 and 27 fathoms water, until wee came to a place, where wee faw the weeds ride,having the lead againe found but feavcn fathoms water. Fear- ing danger went about the fliipp there, were then feare- full to flay by the land any longer, it being all rocky ground, but the harbour feemed to be a good place for fliipps to ride there; in the ifland fceming likcwife to have water enough; there feemed to me to be harbour for 5CK) faile of (hipps. The going in but narrow, and the north-fide of the entrance fliallow water that I could fee, but I verily believe that there is water enough tor for any ftiipp to goe in on the fouth-fidc, for there can- not be fo great a lack of water, but mult needs fcow re a channell away at the cbbe deepe enough for fliipping to goe in. I would have had them flood upon a wind all night, but they told me thc-y were not come out to go upon difcovcry. Wee faw likcwife another ifland by this that night, which made me thipk them the Sibblc D'wards. The fame night wc fleered our courfe againe W. S. W. which was out our S. W. the conipafle having two and twenty degrees variation cafler- ly. Keeping that courfe till wc came in the latitude of three and fifty degrees." In both the printed and manufcript account, this land is faid to lie in latitude forty-lcvcn, to Ic I liicatcd Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE — for making Difcoverics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 229 f. fituated to the woftward of the Ihip when firll difco- vered, to appear woody, to have an harbour where a rreat number of (hipi might ride in fafcty, and to be .'rcqucnted by innumerable birda. It appears alio by both accounts, that the weather prevented his going on ftiore, and that he fteered from it weft-fouth-weft, till he came into latitude fifty -three: there can there- fore be 4ittlc doubt but that Cowley gave the name of Prpys's ifland after he came home, to what he really fuppofcd to be the iiland of Sebald de Wert, for which it IS not difficult to aflign feveral rcafons; and th-.ugh the fuppofition of a miftake of the figures does not appear to be well grounded, yet, there being no land in forty.feven. the evidence that what Cowley faw was Falkland's idands, is very llrong. The defcription of the country agrees in almoft every particular, and even the map is of the fame general figure, with a llrait running up the middle. The two principal illands have been probably called Falkland's iflands by Strong, about the year 1689, as he is known to have given the name of Falkland's found to part of the llrait which divides them. The journal of this navigator is ftiU unprinted in the Britifti Mufeum. The firll who faw thcfe iflands is fuppofcd to be Captain Davics, the af- fpciatc of Cavcndifh ini692. In 1594, Sir Richard Hawkins faw land, fuppofcd to be the fame, and in ho- nour of his miftrefs. Queen Elizabeth, called them Hawkins's Maiden Land. Long afterwards they were feen by fome French fhipsfrom St. Maloes, and Fre- 2icr, probably for that reafon, called them the Ma- louins, a name which has been fince adopted by the Spaniards." So much for the difpute concerning the difcovery of thefe celebrated iflands, which the Spa- niards now enjoy unmolefted, while to England only remains the empty honour of having dilcovered, ex- plored, and given them a name. Wc had now completed our watering, furveycd the harbour of Port %mont, and provided every neccfTary for our departure. This evening the fmith came on board, he having been employed on fhore, in nuking and repairing iron work for the ufc of the ihip. We continued in the harbour till Sunday the 27th, when, at eight o'clock, A. M. we left Port Egmont, and failed with the wind at fouth-fouth-wcft. But we were fcarccly out at fea, when it began to blow hard, and the weather became fo extremely hazy, that we could not fee the rocky iflands. We now moft heartily wiflied to be fafe anchored in Egmont harbour; but, contrary to our expedations, in a Ihort time the weather cleared up, though it blew a hard gale all the day. At ten o'clock, after having run along the (bore ealt, about five leagues, we faw a remarkable nead-land, which was named Cape Tamar. Five leagues farther we pafTed a rock, and called it Ediftone. We now failed between this and another head-land, to which was given the name of Cape Dolphin, in the dircdion of eaft-north-eafl, five leagues farther. The diftance from Cape Tamar to Cape I>)lphin, is about eight leagues, and from its having the appearance of a found, it was called Carltfle Sound, though it is fince known to be the northern en- trance of the ftrait between the two principal iflands. Wc fteered from Cape Dolphin along the fliorceafl, half north, to a low flat cape, or head-land, and then brought to. During the courfe of this day, the land we faw was all downs, having neither trees nor buflies, but large tufts of grafs in various places. It may not be improper here to take notice,that as in moft of the charts of Patagonia, an ifland is defcribed by the name of Pepys's iiland, as hath already been mentioned, where travellers have alll-rted, that they have feen trees in abundance, and many rills of water; but that after feveral attempts in the latitude where it was faid to be difcovered, no ifland nor any founding could be found ; in juftice to the pretended difcovercrs of that and other imaginary Illands, we here beg leave again to obferve, that they probably had no intention to deceive, for on this coaft, w lure you meet with frequent gales of wind, and thick tofrgy weather, wc found th take by opening to our view an unbounded profpedt. So caflly does the mind of man, when fet on one particular object, form to itfelf chimerical notions of its darling purfuit, and when harralTed, as we will fuppofc, by the diftrefTcs that frequently attend an entcrpnze of this na- ture, make an imaginary L.'zovery of land, where no- thing but a thick fog, and a vaft extent of fea, are to be found. On Monday the 28th, at four o'clock, A. M. wc made fail, and fteered eaft-fouth-eaft, and fouth-fouth-eaft to two low rocky iflands, about a mile from the main; and to a deep found between thefc, we gave the name of Berkley 's Sound. About four miles to the fouthward of the fouth point of this found, the fea breaks very high, on fome rocks that appear above water. The coaft now wore a dangerous afped ; rocks and breakers being at a conflderablc diftance from the fhore, and in all dtredlioDS, and the country appeared barren and de- folate, much refembling that part of Terra del Fucgo which lies near Cape Horn. The fea rifing here very high, we tacked and ftood to the northward, to prevent our being driven on a lee Ihore. Having now run no fcfs than feventy leagues of this ifland, we coiKluded, it muft be of confiderable extent. Some former navi- gators have made Falkland's iflands, to be about two hundred miles in circumference, but in the opinion of our Commodore, they are near 700 miles. At noon we hauled the wind and ftood to the northward, the entrance of Berkley's Sound bearing at three o'clock, S. W. by W. fix leagues off; and in the evening we ftood to the weftward, the wind having fliiftcd to the S. W. On Tuefday, the 5th of February, at one o'clock P. M. we again made the coaft of Patagonia, bearing S. W. by S. fix leagues diftant. At two we pafTed by Penguin Ifland; and at three ftanding towards the har- bour of Port Defirc, which was two leagues diftant, wc to our great fatisfadion, difcovered the Flora ftorefhip, which had been fitted out at Deptford, and had on board a great quantity of new baked bread, piicked in new cafks, befides brandy, flour, beef, and all fuch ne- ceflary provifions and ftorcs for the ufc of our two fhips. This vefTel, whofe arrival was fo opportune for the pro- fecution of our voyage, was difpatched by the lords of the Admiralty, with as much fecrecy as the Dolphin, with refpedl to the ignorance of the men on board as to their place of deftination. When flie firft failed from Deptford, fhe was fitted out for Florida ; nor did the mafter know, till he arrived fouthward of the line, that he was ordered to recruit the Commodore's vefTels. Wc had for fome time paft been uneafy, concluding that this fhip bad probably met with fome accident that had obliged her to return: but her appearance agreeably rc^ moved all the anxiety we had felt from this groundlefs conjcihirc; and indeed it was very happy for us, that we fell in with her at this jundlure, whicli was the more feafonablc, asforfometime wehad been reduced to a fhort allowance of certain articles of provifions, which fhe wasabletofupply us with; but had this not been the cafe, a worfe confequence muft have enfued, namely^ that of being obliged to fleer to the Cape of Good Hope, in order to purchafc provifions, and confcqucntly lofing our voyage ; as by this delay it would be too late for us to attempt a pafTage into the South Sea, either by paf- fingthe ftraits of Magellan, or doubling Cape Horn; confequently an end would be put to all our difcoverics, and the expcnce of fitting us out be thrown away. At four o'clock P. M. having anchored in Port Delire, the mafter of the ftorefhip came on board the Dolphin, bringing a packet from the lords of the Admiralty to the Commodore. This perfbn was a midfhipman ii; his Majefty's fiirvice, and was to have a commiflion as ibon as he found the Commodore, He had been fe- veral days infcarch of Pepys's Ifland; but was like us obliged to defift, and having croffed the latitiide in which it was fuppofcd to lie, had met with a ftorm thrt had greatly damaged his nufls and fails. In the cvon- 3 M ^ ing ff til ir I- i :. '1 If as© VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Compl E T E. !Wl inethe maftcr of the Florida left the Dolphin, and by oitlcr of the OBmmodore, our carpenters attended him on board his own (hip, to repair the damages (he had fulUincd. During our run from Falkland's iflands 10 Pbrt Dclirc, the number of whales about the Dol- phin rendered our navigation dangerous. One blew the water upon our quarter deck, and we were near Rriking upon another ; they were of an uilconunon fize, much Mrgcrthan any we had yet fcen. On Thurfday the 7th, the night proved very tempef- tuous; when both the Tamar and Florida made (ignals of diftrefs, having been driven from their moorings up the harbour. They were got clear of the fliorc with K at difficulty, as they weretne next night, when they h drove again. Finding the llorcmip was in con- fbnt danger at being loft, tiw deiign of unloading her in this haubour was given ufi, and the Omimodore dc- fermincd to take her with him intto the ftnuit. Cast, ftfouatof the Tanur having alio informed us, that his nidder was fprung, it was fecund with iron cUmps in the beft manner he could, there being no timber to be found proper for nuking her a new one. Having by the thirteenth completed the repairs of oar rcfpec> tive fhips,.we made ready to leave this port, as by the rapidity of the tide, the boatt could have little or no communication with the ftore>lhip: ii ~ru therefore refolved to fail back to the Eaftward, and take in our ftores at one of the Potts we had before vifited. One of our petty officers, well acquainted with the ftrait, and four of our fcamen, were put on board the Flo. rida, to aiTift in navigating her, and ihe was ordered to make the bed oi' her way to Port Famine. On the 14th, wc put to fea, and when, a few hours after, abrealt of Penguin ifland, we got (ight of the ftorc-fliip a loni; way to the eaftward. On Saturday the i6th, about fix o'clock, A. M. Cape Fairweather bore W. S. W. diftant Ave leagues; and on the 1 7th, we hauled in for the ftrait (rf° Magellan, and kt fix o'clock A. M. Cape Viigin Mary bore S. diftant fivie miles. On the 18th, wepa&d the firft narrow. To our great rurprife, in the mom« ingof thefecond day after we left Port Defire, w« dif- covered a ftrange fail, which our Commodore appre- hended might bea$p«nin) man of war of the line, who was come to intercept u< t »nd in confcquence of that furmife, boldly gave orders, that all on board the Dol- phin and Tamar ftxNild prepare to give her a warm re. ception, by firing all our guns, and then boarding her from both (hips: but while we were bringing to and waiting for her, it grew dark, and we loft fij^t of her, till the next moi-ning, when we &w her at tuee leagues diftance, and found (be ftili followed us, while wefuled towards Point Ff mine. She even came to an anchor when we did. We were now employed in getting up our guns, having only four upon deck, which nad been ufed for fignals, the reft having for a coafidenUe time before lain in the hold. Wc foon however got fourteen upon deck, and then came to an anchor, hav- ing the Tamar »-ftern, with a fpring on our cablet and that we might give her as warm a reception u poiGble^ we removed all our guns (9 one jiide.pointing to ne place where the veflelmuftpafs. While we were thua Mifilj employed in uking all the meafuret pnidcnce could fuggeftto defend us from an imaginary danger, an ac. (idcnt tlMt happened (o the ftore-fliip fliewnl that we Ind nothii^ to fear. m4 that thtr vetlel againft which we were arming ourilelves, ought not to be confidered as an enemy t for >vhile the Florida was working 10 the windward, fhe took the (bore, en a brak about two leagues from our lhip« About the fame time the ftrange vefTel came up with hev, and feeing her difircfs caft anchor ; and immediately bcsaa to hoift out her boats to give her alTiftance: but betere they had reached the ftore-ftup, our boats had boarded her, and the com* mandingofiKer had received orders not toletthemcome on boaroj but to thank them in the poiiteft manner for their iMetided alTiffamce. Thefe oroen were punAu- ally obcved, and with the aid of oor boau only, the ftore-flup was foon after got into deep water. Chir people repotted, that the French veflel was fiill Of men, and feemed to have a great mwy ofSccts. At 3 fix o'clock in the evcnining, we worked through the fccond narrow { and at ten palled the weft end <>f it. We anchored at eleven off Elizabeth Wand, and th« French (hip did the fame, in a bad iituation.fouthward of St, Bartholomew's illand, whereby we were con- vinced flie was not well acquainted WJth ihc chan- nel-. OnTuefdAy the 19th wc weighed, and at fix.p'clock, A. M. we ftecred between Elizabeth and Bartholomew Ifhmds, S. S. W. five miles, when we crofTcd a bank« where amOng the weeds we had feven fathoms water. This bank is fituated W. S, W. about five miles from the middle of George's Ifland. To avoid danger, it is n puft) through the ftrait before the feafon fhould be too far advanced. At noon we were three leagues dif- tant from St. Anne's Point, which bore N. W. thite or fourmiles frrnn Point Shutup, which boreS. S. W. Point Shutup bears from St. Anne's Point. S. half E. and they are about four or five leagues afunder. Between thcle two poina there is a flat-fboal, which runs from Port Famine before the river Sedger, and three miles to th« fouthward. At three o'clock, P. M. we pafTed tho French fhip. which now anchored in a fmall cove. She had hauled clofe (D.dw fhore. and we could fee laige piles of wood cutdown. and iyiiK on each fide of liert Upon our retu^ to England, we learnt this Chip was the Eagle, commanded by M. Bougainville, and that her buiineb in the ftrait was, as the Com- thodore had comefhired. to cut wood for the French bttlfment in Falklamf s Iflands. From Cape Shutup to Cape Forward, the courfe is S. W. by S. diftanca feven lei^es. At eight in the evening wc brought to. Cape Forward bearing N. W. half W. diftant about 4 mile. This part of the ftrait is eight mUcs over, aod off the cape wc had 40 fathom* within half a cables length of the fhorc. On the 26th, at four o'clock, A. M. wc made fail, aod at ten we kept working to windward, looking out at the fame time for an anchoring-place.and endeavouring to reach a bav about two leagues to the weft ward of Cape Forward. An officer was fent into this bay to found, who finding itiit.for our purpofe we entered it, and at fix o'clock, P. M. anchored in nine fathoms watc^. On the 37th. at fix o'clock. A. M. we con- tinued Wit courfe through the ftrait, from Cape Hoi. land to Ci^ Gallant. This cape is very nigh and Oeep, and pctween it and the former cape is a reach, dirce lei^ics over, callcdEhglifli Reach. Five miles IbiKh of Upe Gallant isOlarles's Ifland. of which it is ncccflaxf to kttp to the noRhward . Wo fteertd along the ough the lui Qf it. and th« buthward vcre con- he chan- c.p'clock, tholomcw a bank^ tns water. niIes:from janger, it I. ull the i fouthcrn the recti rd of St. (1 followed '•lOandH id, or that in which cd out our ilito Pdrt nin|[,«nd the louth- >rincipally nore-lhip^ 1 the 35th, luch A«rcA the Com* icei he had tb exprcfa in^board- r hrft cars ito the fea. tin, and ail ['atnar. ob- thc Com CO the crew :o proceed- to return ; We now , intending I (hould be leagues din> W, thttc or ;.W. Point £. and they tween thcle from Port niles to th« pafled th« fmall cove> e could fee n each fide ; learnt this ougninville, ; the Cora- the French ape Shutup S. diltanca brought to, (Tant about (s over, and ilf a cables made fail, oking out at ideavouring weftward of this bay to : entered it, inc fathoms A. we con- Capc Hoi. y nigh and ii s retch, Five miles r which it is teenid along the ^Mt^MJMkMnf^KSMsOr^Mf MrJEF/f^tE^SnwfcT. y.'fA Jk mymf ^ rJl^. t'»*0t^ drf499 tyir .*rMfM> CvMMODORi BYROlf'i VOYAGE— for making Difcovrries in the Sburif frn Oceaw, &c. a^i the north Ihore. at the dUlance of about two miiei. Ealtward of Cape Holland ii a fpacioiM fiindy bay, called Wood'a Bay, in which there it good anchorage. The mountaini on each fide the flrait are niorc de- folate in appearance than any others in the world, ex- cept perhaps the Cordeliers, both being rude, rraggy. Deep, and coVcred from the bottom to their fummits with fnow. From Cape Gallant to Paflhgc Point, dif. Unt about three leagues, the coaft lies W. by N. by com- pafs. Paflagc Point is the eaft point of Elizabeth's Bay, and ia low land, off of which lies a rock. Be- tween this and Cape Gallant are feveral iflands, foine very fmall ; but the eaftcrmon, Charles's Ifland, is fix miles long : the next is called Monmouth's Ifland, and the weitcrmod, Kupcrtt Ifland : this lies S. by E. of Point Paflage. ThcfegnMip of iflands make the (trait narrow: between Port Tafliige and Rupert's Ifland, it is not nwrc than two miles over, and it is advifcable for navigators to go to the northward of them all, keep- ing the north>lhore on board. On Wednefday the 27th, at fix o'clock, P. M. we ftood in for Elizabeth's Bay, and anchored in ten fa- thoms, good ground. In this bay there is a good rivulet of frelh water. On the 28th, wc met with ex- ccflive gales from the W. N. W. which blew with fuch violence, that we were driven three leagues to the eail- ward, where wc cad anchor on the top of a rock, in 13 fathoms and a half water, a cable's length from the bay : but loon after wc parted, or rather darted our (trcam anchor, and fell oit' the rock : it was very dark, and the Ihip dill kept driving with her whole cable out, and was in the greatcll danger of being loft ; how- ever, we let go both bowers in 1 7 fathoms water. The wind fiill continued to blow very hard, and the (hip was fo near the rocks, that the^ boats could but juit keep clear of the furfott the Ihore: but that provi- dencc which had hitherto attended us, ftill continued to be our friend» and preferved us from impending (heftruAion 1 for the next morning we hove in the cable of our ftream<«Khor, both the nukes of which where broke ; and being thus rendered ufelcfs, it was thrown overboard. Wc now with our gib and fiay>fails ran out into 10 fathemt, till vre were cxadlly in the fitua. tion from whence we had been driven, where we an- chored with our bcft bowtr. On Friday the lA of March, at five o'clock, A. M. we weighed,attended with light gales and moderate weather. At (even paflicd Mufcle my, a league to the wed ward of Elizabeth's, OB the feuthem ihore. At eight we were two ieajptes W. bv H. of thia bay, and abrcaft of Bachelor's River, wiick i» on kLe north flnre. A league from hence lies the catnnce of St. Itrom'a Sound, which we paflcd at nine. In our ctNUle aloiig.this coafi we &w a finokc, Md bm after difcovcred a great number of Indiana in dMchcd pucicf^ fome of whom, on feci: g us, pat their CMQM into the water, and made towards our (hip. When within mufltet Ihot, they began a moft hideous flnuCinK. and we hallooed, and waved our hands, u %nals rar tJaem tocome on board, which after having frequently repeated, they did. On enter- ing the fliip thejr furveyed it with no fmall figns of aftoniihment, at if they had never feen a veflTcl of the like kind before. Thefe Indians were in general of a middling ftature, and of a very brown complexion, with long black hair, that hung down to their (boulders. Their holies were coverea with the (kin of fome ani- mals unknown to us t but many of the poor wretches had not a fufficient quantity to cover their nakedne(s. Wc trafficked with them, or rather gave them abun- dance of things, particularly cloaths, w-hich they feemed to receive with thank(ulne(s: they were alfo exceeding fond of the bifcuit, which we diftributed among them pretty fitedy, though they appeared rather unwilUng to iMft with any thing in return. Some of thefe people bad bows and arrows, made of fuch hard wood, that it fccmed almofl, impenetrable » the bowa were not only exceeding tou^ and (i(Kxtth» but wrought with vci/ curious workmanfbip: and the ftring was fbraied of a twifted gut. The arrows, whidi were about two feet long, were pointed with flint fhapcd like a harpoon. and cut with as great nicety, as if they had been fhapcd by the mofl cxatt Lpidary 1 and at the other end a leather was fixed to dinti its flight. They have alfo javelins. Thefe Indians feem to be ver)* poor and perfectly harmlefs, coming fiirth to their rdTpective employments at the dau n of day. and when the (un fets, retiring to their diHTcrcnt habitations. They live aln',oft entirely on fifh, and partiailarly on limpets and mufcles, the latter of which they have in great plenty, and much larger than thofc wc met with in England. Their boats are but indifferently put together ; they are made chiefly of the bark of trees, and arc jufl big enough to hold one family ; when they land, being very light, they haul them upon fhore, out of the reach of the tide, and fcem very careful in prefcrving them. In the firudturc of fome of thefe boau no fmall degree of in* genuity is evident. They ire formed of three pieces, one at the bottom, which ferves for the keel and part of the (ides, and is fa(hioned both within and without by means of fire; upon this arc placed twoupper pieces, one on each fide, which are fewed together, and to the bottom part, like a fcem fewed with a needle and thread* All their boats in general are very narrow, and each end formed alike, both (harp, and rifing up a confiderable height. I'hefe Indians are very dexterous in flriking the fifh from their canoes with theirjavelins, though they lie fome feet under water. In thefe infhmces, they feem to (hew the utmofl extent of their ingenuity ; for we found them incapable of underflanding things the mofl obvious to their fenfes. On their firff coming abmrd, among the trinkets wc gave them were fome knives and fciffars, and we tried to make them fenfible of their ufci but after our repeated endeavours, by (hewing the man- ner of ufing them, they continued as infenfible as at firfi, and could not learn to diftinguifli the blades from the handles. There are plenty of feals in this part of the fltaits. but we did not meet with many fowl, owing doubtlcfi to tiie intenfe cold, nor did we find the woods infelted with any kind of wild beifts. On faiU ing to the weftward we found an irregular tide, which fonietimes ran 1 8 hours to the eafiwanl, and but fix to the weftv«ard ; at other times, when the wefterly winds blew with any degree offtrength, it would conftantly run for feveral days to the ealt. At intervals we had hard gales of wind, and prodigious fquslls from the high mountains, whofe fummits are covered with fnow. Tl.e (traits are here four leagues over, and it is difficult to get any anchorage, on account of the uncvennefs, and irregularity of the bottom, which in feveral places clofe to the fhore has from ao to 15 fathoms water, and in other paru no ground is to be found with a line of 159 'athoms. Wc now fleered W, S. W. for Cape Quod. Between this and Elizabeth's Bay is a reach about four miles over, called Crooked Reach. In the evening of the 4th, we anchored abreafl of Bachelor's River, ia 14 fathoms. The entrance of the river bore N. by E. difiant one mile, and the northemmofl: point of St. Jerom's Sound, W. N. W. diftant three miles. About three quarters of a mile cafbvard of Bachelor's River lies a (hoal, upon which there is not more than fix feet water when the tide is out t it is diftant about half a mile from the (horc, and may be known by the weeds that are ujpon it. We here faw feveral Indians dif* Sierfcd in ^fFe" •' ' crs, among whom we found a amily whic> \ our attention. It was compofed of a dccripid old man, his wife, two (bns and a daughter. The latter appeared to have tolerable features, and an Engii(h &ce, which they fccmed dcfirous of letting us know; they making a long harangue, not a fyllable of which we underftood, though we plainly perceived it was in relation to the woman, whofc age did not exceed thirty, by their pointing firit at her, and then at them- felvec. Various were the conjofhires wc formed in regaid to this circumftance. though we all agreed that rtieir figns plainly fhewed that they offered herto us, as being of the fame country. In one particubr they appeared to be quite uncivilized, for when we came up to them, they were tearing to pieces and devouring raw fifh. On the 5th, we fent the boats a-head to tow, but could not gain a bay on the north fliore, which appeared to be an ; t »M VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD C •!« n t t r. .t....j I? in excellent harbour, fit to receive five or fix fail) we were therefore obliged to call anchor on a bank, with the ftrcain anchor, Cape Qi>od bearing W, S. W. dif- tant about fix miies. An oiliccr was now fetkc to look out for a harbour, but he did not fuccecd. On Wednefday the 6th, we itraored in a little bay oppofitc Cape Quod ; khd the Tamar, which could not work up fo fu, abuut fix miles to the eafiward of it. This part of the ftmit is only four miles over, and its afpcdl dreary and dcfolate beyond imagination, owing to the prodigious mountains on each fide of it, which rife above the clouds, and arc covered with perpetual fnow. On Thurfday the 7th, at eight o'clock we weighed, and \v,orked with the tide. At noon, Cape Quod bore E. by S. and Cape Monday, the wcdcrmoll land in fight on the foutn fiiorc, W. by N. dillant ten leagues. The tides here arc very llrong, and the ebb feu to the wefiwand, with an irregularity for which it is vry difficult to account. At one the Tamar anchored op- pofite Cape Quod, in the bay wc had jud left ; and in the evening we anchored in a fmall bay on the north Ihorc, five leagues to the wcfiward of Cape Quod. The marks to know this bay are two large rocks that appear above water, and a low point, which makes the calt part of the bay. The anchorage is between the two rocks, the eafiennoft bearing N. E. halfE. difiant about two cables length, and the wcilermod, which is near the point. W. N. W. half W. at about the fame dillance: there is alfo a fmall rock which (hows itfelf among the weeds at low water, and bears E. half N. dillant about two cables length. .Should there be more Ihips than two, they may anchor farther out in deeper water. We found in this part of the firait few birds of any kind, and but a fmall quantity of mufcles along the fiiore ; and though we fcnt out our boat into a bay to haul the feinc, it returned without fuccefs, not any filh being to be found. However, we frequently found great quantiticw of red berries, fomewhat refembling our cranberries, which being wholefome and refrefhing proved of conliderable fcrvice to the fliip's company. 'I'hcy arc about the fize of an hazlc nut, and the chief provifions of the Indians in thefc parts. On the 8th, we found abundance of Ihcll-fifii, but faw no traces of people. In the attcmoon, the Commodore went up. a deep lagoon under a rock, at the head of which was a fine fall of water, and on the eaft-fide of it feveral fmall coves, calculated for the reception of (hips of the grcatcll burthen. He returned with a boat load of very large mufcles. On the 9th, we got under way, at feven o'clock, A. M. and at eight faw the Tamar very far aftern. We now ftood to tnc N. W. with a plea- fant breoze at S. by E. but when abreaft of Cape Mon- day Bay, :hc wind took us back, and continued from fix o'clock to eight, at which time Cape Monday Bay bore E. half N. fix leagaei. On the i oth, at fix o'-'lock, A. M. Cape Upright bore E. by S. didant three leagues. From Cape Monday to Cape Upright, which arc both on the fouth (hore, and didant from each other about five leagues, the courfe is W. by N. At ten a violent ftormofwind came on, which was very near efTcdling our dcftrudtion : for it was very 'Tlie.ncarclt (hore was a low ifland between us and the cape, from which ifland wc lay about half a cable's length. We had at this place frequent (bowers of rain and hail, with the air all the time exccfllvc (tiarp. . On Saturday the i6th, at fix o'clock, A. M. wc un- moored, and at eight a (Irong current fet m to the calf- ward. In this perplexing fituation were \tc driven aboiit from place to place, lofing perha|>H in a few hours, what wc had been fix days and nights working to the weftward I for when the wind continues with violence there is no regular tide; but on the contrar)-, a ' confbmt weflcrly current running two miles an hour. Perceiving wc lofl ground, we came to an anchor, but finding the ground to be rocky wc weighed again ; and - svery man on board the red of the day, and the whole night, continued on deck, during which time the rain poured down in unremitting torrents. Notwithdand- ing this inccflant labour, on the 1 7tlT, we had the mor- tification to find we had been lofing way on every . t^ck, and at nine o'clock, A. M. we were glad to an- chor in the vtry bay wc had left two days bc(bre. it , continued to rain, and blow violently for two days longer, fo that we began to think, without a fiivourabic , wind. CoMMoboRB BYRON'i VOYAGE — for making Dilcoverics in the Sou jiiekn Ocean, &c. 233 wind, it would be our ill Cortunl: to Tpcnd the winter ;|uartcr in one of thefe cdvet. The Commodore had cm out t boat to found the bay on the north Iborc, but no onchorage could be found. On the 3 1 It, we fee fail, the wind veering from S. W. by W. to N. N. W. we worked to windward with continual fquatln, which at intervuU obliged ui to clue all our (ails. In the incan while the Tamar, whom till this time wc had iKver'loit iishtof, by a favourable breeze, got a few leagues to tnc weftward, where (he lay two days in Sood anchorage. Marrafled as wc were by continual ifappointments, to add nill more to our vexation and concern, we £uuiulour men were attacked by the fcur- vey, wrhich had made its appearance on many of Chemt however, by the alTldance of vegetables, and th vcrfion, defircd one of our midlhipmen to play on the violin, while fome of the feamen danced. 1 he poor Indians were extravagantly delighted; and one of them, to teftify his gratitude, took to nis canoe, and fetching fome red pamt, rubbed it all over the face of the hiulician; nor could the Commodore, but with the utmoil difficulty, cfcape the like compliment. When they had been diverted fome hours, it was hinted to ihcm, that they fhould go on fhore, which they at length did, though with the utmofl rclu(fbincc. On Sunday the 7th, at fix o'clock, A. M. we weighed, and got under fail, with the wind at £. S. E. At this fortunate change of weather joy appeared in every coun- tenance, and never were people in higher fpirits. For fix weeks we had been Mating to wmdward, having been fcveral times driven back, and narrowly efcaped the greatcft dangers : but we now flattered ouifelvcs, tliat we fliould fhortly arrive in the Pacific Ocean, the ultimate end of our withes j bufat eleven o'clock the wind ceafed, and the current drove us two leagues, Cape Upright bearing S. E. five leagues, on which we came to with the dream anchor, in 1 10 fathoms water. At fcur o'clock, P. M. the boat belonging to the Tamar, which had, as wc mentioned, been fent out fome time t^ibre. returned from the weftward, having been to the fouthward of Cape Defiada, on the fouth fhore, and ^und many convenient places for anckorage ; but the pieople in the boat were much fatigud by their long and laborious rowing. On the 8in, at two o'clock, A. M. wc fei fail, with the wind at W. by N. and at eicven, came to an anchor in a very good bay, between Gipc Upright, andQipe PiU«r. In this bay we found plenty of excel! At filh not much unlike pur t4ils. wheh'fuir grown, are from 12 to 20 feet id' length, and from 8 to 15 feet round. The head is fAUll In proporlidn to the body, arid terminates in a ftMUr* ' In each jaw they have a row of large pointed teeth, two thirds of which are in fockets : but thi tremities, and each toe is furnifhed with a nail. I'hey are fo extremely fat, that on cutting through the (kin, wlii'h is near an inch in thicknefs, there is at Icall a foot of fat before you come to either lean or bones ; .ind yet they are fo full of blood, that if deeply wounded in 10 or I a places, there inllantly guflics out as many fountains of blooil, fpouting to a conliderablediflance. Their flcfli refcmblcs in tafle that of beef; and their fat, on being melted, makes good oil. The males are of a much larger lize than the females, and both of them continue at fea all the Aimmer, and coming afliorc at the beginning of winter, (lay there during that fcafon, when they engender, and bring forth their young, having commonly two at a birth, which they fuckie wiili their milk. On (hore they feed on the verdure that grows near the water: andfleep in herds, in the mo(\ miry places they can find, with fome of the males at a liiHaiae, who arc Aire to alarm them, if any one ap- proaches, fomctimes by fnorting like horfci, and at ithtrs by grunting like hogs. The males have fre- quently furious battles about their females. This ifland is lU'ually called by the Spaniards, the Lclfcr Jmn Fernandcs, it being about 22 leagues to the W. by & of the ifland more frequently called by that name : and is ternned Mafa-Fuero, from its being at a greater diflancr from the continent. In his way to this place, tii.- Commodore was not far from the fpot, where' n« had endured the extremity of wrctchednefs 24 years before, when he was a midfliipmnn, under Captain Cheap, on board the Wager, a frigate of 28 guns, one of the fquadron which was commandeJ by Commodore Anfon, in his memorable expedition to the South Se.i, and which was wrecked on the fliore of an ifland on the coatt of Chiloe. In many rcfpcifb tliis illand and that of Juaa Fcrnandes refemblc c.nch other : the fliorc of both is deep, and for the mod part have little frclh water; but no fpring was here found com- y arable to that of the Watering place at the Greater uan Fcrnandes: they are both mountainous, and adorned with a variety of trees, which with the different bearings of the hills, and the windings of the valley* form, even from the fea, the mod rude, and at the fame! ' time the mod elegant profpeds. None of the trees of the greater Juan Fernandcs are large enough for' any confiderable timber, except the myrtle, the trunks of fome of which arc of fuch a fize, as to be worked 40. feet in length. But the goats of the greatei' Juan Fcr- nandes are much fewer in number than at Mafa-Fuerb; the Spaniards having placed no doga on the latter ifland, in ofder to deftroy them. WitK refpciS to the plenty of excellent filh, and the number of amphi- bious animals, as feals and fea-lions, which line the diores of both, they perfedly refemblc each other. In Mafa-Fuero are many cafcades, or fine falls Qf water, pouring down its fides into the fea. But our day here was fo fllort, and wc were fo feldom on (hore, that we had neither leifure nor opportunity to view this little ' illand, with the accuracy and precifion tHat might be widied, and that was abfolutely nectlTary for taking a full view of the delightful fpots which wc faw, with the confufion that ncce^rily attends a didant profpedl. I'he greated difadvantage belonging to this ifland is that of not having fuch a commodious harbour, as the I illand of Juan Fcrnandes. While we were taking in water for the (hips, when- : ever our meii found any great furf, they by order of th? > Cotnmodorc, fwam to and from the boats in cork .jackets ; for he would by no means admit of their going into ".f'! 1 ' a. (6 Y A C; t S K O V N I) the W O R l. |) Co M r i »; i into (he wttcr without putting thcni on, he bcinu fully fcnttitle, that when properly ircurrtt on the boJjr, the pcriiin who ufc* them cannot poltibly link, or Atlfcr any cimlUlcrabIc inconvenience, it he itoei but lake care to keep hi* head above the furfacc nf the watrr, which ii caflly done. But thcfc jackets nllbrded no defence ■Kainii the lhark% which were oltrn viry near the Tm ininirrs, and would dart even intothc very fiirlto fcizc thmi : our oeoptc hoMcverprovidrntially tlVaped thon. One (if theic voracious fill) feized a large fcal dole to one of the vtatering boats, and devoured it in an in< Pant : and the Conuiiodore law another do the fame, clofc to the Hern of the Htip. Ihc following little advcnture alfo took place while we lay otf this iDand. The gunner and one of the fcamrn, who were with others, on Iliorc for water, were left behind all night, being afraid to venture in the boat, as the fea ran high. I'hc commodore being informed of this circumilance. Tent them word, that as blowing weather might be rx|Kt!lcd,theniip might be driven from her moorings in the nighti in whic-h cafe they would infallibly be left behind. This meflogc being delivered, the gunner fMain to the boati but the faiUir faying, he had rather die a natural death than Ik dmwned, rcfufed to nvike the attrin|K : and taking a melancholy farewell of his companions, rcfolvcd to abide his fatei when jull as the boat was going to put otV, u midfliipmaii tcMik the end of a ro)K' in his Itand, and fAam on Ihorc, where he rrmonftraied with the difconfolatc tar on the f(K)lilh refiilutiiHi he had taken, till having an opportunity of throwing ihc ro|>e, in which was a running knot, round his bodv, he called to the buati crew to haul awny, \«ho in/tantly dragged him through the furf into the tM)at ', he had, however, fualloucd lt> much water thai he appeaivd tt) be diad i but by holding him up by the herii, he was fiMn recovered t and on the day follow- ing was perfectly v«ell. I laving taken in as much wood and water as the wrnihrr Mould permit, the furf fomctimes fuelling in fuch a innniirr, as to prevent our bouti coming near the lliorc, we thought of leaving the ifland i but ncfoil- our departure, in the evening of the igth, the Com- modore removed Captain M()U.-it from tne I'anuir, ami appointed him Captain of the Dolphin, all flag-oHicer* having n commander under them. This nccafionrd feveral other changes. Mr. Cumming, our Hrft lieu- tenant, was appointed Camnin of the Tamar, and we received in hi» room Mr. Caitcret, her firft lieutenant. The CoiuiiHKlore alfo gave Mr. Kendal, on- nf the niatri of the Dolphin, a k^ommidlon as fecond lieute- nant of the Tamur. Aticr thcfc promotions, mt the ;{oth, wr weighed, and llcered along the K. and N. E. fide of the ifland, but could find no anchoring place i wc bore away therefore, with a Irefh breeze at b. F. and at iHxin the ceuterof thi ifland was dil\ant eight leagues in the direction of S. S. ]i. CHAP. III. tbf Dnlfi1n ive tff irrlaiu leaHti/ul IjhnJs, ivhub tirf tiamrJ ihr Ijtaihls of Di/iiffoinlmeiit, btcMft iiofUns if Mihcriij^e could />»• fuiiiid — The iidlivvs of ibrfe Ijliindi di-ftrihid — A'i>/f Ofor^f's Tjknds difiovncd — /tmlhtr f/liind is fecn, and ialUd iIm- I'riuce of ll\,\'i'i Ijhnd — 4 di/irip/ion of ih-ff ijlundi — Alfo a piirluuUir iiaouit/ oj ibe inbti/'itmih, and of feveral mculents tbal bjpfiiiid wbile tbt jbips n-iTf (xploriiif^ ibchi — Tbf Ijliindof Dutif^tr poffed — Ibc DukcoJ }'ork IjJaiu' di/iovered — Aiiotbtr New ijlaiidJoi4nJ, ■u;bub rcceiws Ibt uatue of Bonn's Ijland — Tie ptifum and tebavkur ^' ibt Indians defcriLd. ON the lirl^ of May, being Wcdncfday, we con tinucd to fleer N. by W! but on the 2nd, at noon, we altcro.1 ourt ourfc, and fleered due wefl, with the view of faliinj:; in with an ifland, which is laid down ill the charta b\ the name of Davis's Land, in latitude a7deg. ,10 iiiin. S. but on Thurfday the 9th, the Com- nindoie laid afidu his defign, being in latitude 36 deg. 46 min. S. and in 94 deg. 45 min. W. longitudci and, having a great run to make, he determined to fleer a N. \V\ courfe, till he Ihould fall in with a true trade wind, and tnen tofearch for Solomon's Illands ; but the dilcovcry of both thcfe fpots of land was refcrvcd for a future navigator; fur the Commodore, in eroding the fouthcrn ocean, inilTcd of the iflands, which have lince been named the Society Ifles ; and about the fame dif- tancc to the fouthward of the Marqucfas, difcovcrcd by Mondana, a Spaniard, in the year i<97, and after- wards explored by Captain Cook. Wc had hitherto enjoyed a Continued (erics of fine weathers but the nearer we approached the line, the crew began to fall down witn the fcurvy very fafl, and everyday, to the end of this month, brought with it an incrcafc of that dreadful diforder. On the 10th, and following day, wc law feveral dolphins and bonctcas round the fliip,and obfervcd a few birds which had a (hort beak, all their bodies being white, except the back, and the upper part of their wings. On the 14th, in latitude 24 deg.' 30 min. S. and >n 97 deg. 45 min. W. longi- tude, we faw more of thele birds, and feveral gram- pufes, from whence imagining we mi^ht appro.ich toward fomc land, we kept a gwd look out, but found our expcdations difappointed. On I'hurfday the 1 6th, two remarkable birds, as large as gccfe, with wHitc bodies, and black legs, were o5- firvcd flying very high, from whence it was conjcdurcd that we hA paucd fome main-land, or iflands, to the fouthward of us ; 'for the laH night w« obfervcd, thitt. notwithflanding wc had a great fwcll from that quarter, yet th^ water became quite finooth for a few hours, aflcr which the fwetl returned. On Wcdncfday the 22nd, being in latitude 20 deg. 52 min. S. and in II 5 deg. ;{8 min. W. the fwcllfrom the (buthward was fo great, that we cxpoflcd every minute, to fee our mafts roll over the Ihip's fide 1 to prevent which, and to cafe the lliip, wc hauled more to the northward. This day we caught, for the tirll time, two boncttas, and were vifitcd by fomc tropic birds, larger than any we had fecn before. Their whole plumage was white, and they had in each of their tails two long feathers. On Sunday the 26th, wc were in latitude 16 deg. 5 c min. S. and in 127 deg. 55 min. W. longitude, when wc faw two large birds about the (hip, all black, except their necks and beaks. The feathers of their wings and tails were long, vet they flew very heavily. We fuppofcd them, from tnis lafl circumflance, to be a fpccies that did not fly far from the (horc. Wc had imagined, that before wc had run fix degrees to the northward of Mafa-Fuerd, we (hould have Ixcn favoured with a fettled trade wind to the S. E. but the winds flill continued to the north, though wc had a moun- tainous fwcll from the S. W. On the aSth, two other birds, one black and white, and the other brown and white, would have fettled on the yards, but were in- timid.-ited by the working of the (hip. On the 31(1^ our people b^g-an to fall ilown with the fcurvy very fafl, which made us wilh for land. At length, after a paflage of 31 days. Friday the' 7th of June, atone o'clock, A.M. the 1'amar made the (ignal of feeing land t en which wc brought to till day light -, and in the mean time flattered ourfelvcs with the pleaflng hopes uf gettiiig fome kinds of refrclhmcnts, of which we Hood in great need, efpccialiy for thofc who were fickt vsA wc knew, that the UlanJ^ which are fltUftiMl wfthiit twenty CoMMODom BYRON •« VOYAGE— lor making I)i(iov<-icMn the So i iii '.n oTTTnTs^^T twenty define* of ihc line, »rc Jreiiuently well lUirtil with fruit of >ll kindi. S»n aftir «l«y.brcak. \»f ha^l the plnrure of TcrinK ■ low finoll iflami coveinl wuli beautiful treci. titul on ftilina to the leeward, wc wrro regaled with the fmell of the lined fruitt. The wmr wrctchea who were able to trawl upon deck. llooU CMinff on thia little paradife. which howc.er nature had ftirbidden them to enter, with fcnfutioiw which cannot eaflly be conceived. They faw tocoa-nuti in abundance, the milk of which ia (lerhapa the moll powerful antifcorbutic In the world i and to intrcafe their mortification, they faw the fliclli of many turtlci fcaitered about the flwrc. Thefe refrelhmcnti, tor want of which they were lan|;ui'ouchrafcd lb much as to touch, but with great expedition hauled five or fix liise canoea, which we faw on the beach, up into a woocT When thia was done they waded into the water, '^nd (eemed to watch for an opportunity of laying hukl of the boat, that they might drag her on (liore. On Saturday the 8ch, the boats having reported a Iccond tinfK, that no anchoring ground could be found Hbaut thia illand, we worked, at fuc o'clock, P. M, II uiiUr the lee of the oiher ifland, which lay to the Mi'flviard of the farmer, ami fent cntt «mr cutter to found lor a place to anchor in. We now ohl" rvnl rcver.il other low illaiuU, or rather iKninlulm, tmoII of them being joined one to the other l)v a neck ol laiul, very n.irrow, and almoll level with tne ruil.iceor (lie w.itcr, which breaks high over it. Il< iv, to our great difappoinimeni, no relrelliments rotilil he piocuicd, owing to the itucceirtble nature of the coall ; aivl wc faw a much greater number of Indians fiirroiindiiig the fliorr, who, with f|Kar.i o> cqu'il length, lollowid us in Ilk manner, fcveral hundred* of thcin running alKiut thecii.iil in great diforder; and at the fanie iiiiic wc belicUl the illand covered with a prodigious ntinber of cucoa-niit, plantain, and (amariiui tuts, ilavng waited fome time with great impatience liir the rcriiin of our cutter, we lired a gun, as a lignal lor our nun to come on board, which terriblv alaimtd the Indians, who feemed to conluli among thcmlc Ives m hut iiiealurcM it would be moll prudent tc>r them to take. Tluy kept abr.^all of the boats, n» they went fouiullng along the fliorr, and ufeil many threatening gelUias, to lUter them from landing. I'helr canons tiny dragged into the wooils, and at ihc (ametimc the women came witli great Hones in tlicir haiuls, to allKl the men tn pre- venting, what they doubtlcfs tliou>.;lit to be, our hoililc intcniions. 'i he cutter returned near ikmh, bi ingiiii; much the fame account ot thi'- :>s ol tl-,c o'lur inaivf, there being no I'uuiulings at a laMc's liiij.'ili 1 10m ihc- fliore, wicit a line of 100 lathoms. This gave ux in- exprclliblc concern, as we had now jo lii k on Imaid, to whcmi the land air, the fruit and vincrahlrs, that ap- peared lb bcaiititiil andatirai'.tive, wouhl have alfbrittd immediate relief and returning heakh. Mtulln;.^ it i'n- (wlfible to obtain thofc tempting rcfrcninRnts vliich lung full in our view, we quitted, with longing eyes, this p.iradife in appearance, to which the nam'; was with propriety given of the Iflands of Difappoiiun.ent, Continuing our courfeto thewellwaid, on the yih wc faw land again, at the dillantc of liven leagues, W. S. W. At feen o'clock, P. M. we b:ought to for the night. In the morning of the loth, being «ithin three miles of the Ihore, we found it to be a long low ifland, with a white beach of a pic lant appearance, covered with cocoa-nut and other tiers, and I'lrrounded with a rock of red coral. Wc flood along the N. E. fde, within half a mile of the ftiore, and the natives, on feeing us, made great fires, and ran along the beach, abreatlof the (hips in great numbers, armed like the natives ofihciHands wchad laft vifitcd, and like iliem, they appeared to be a robufl and fierce race of men. Over the land we could difccrn a large lake ot falt- watcr, which apjiearcd to be two or three leagues wiiie. and to rc»ch within a fmall diflance of the oppolitc fliore. Into this lake we obfervcd a liuall inlet, about a league from the S. W. point, where is a little town feated upder the (hade of a fine grove of cocoa-nut- trcc*. The Commodore immediately fent oil" the boats to found ; but they could find no anchorage, the fliore being every where perpendicular as a wall, ex- cept at the mouth of the inlet. Wc flood clofe in with the ftiore, and faw hundreds of the natives ranged in good order, and flanding up to their waifts in water: they were all armed, like thofc we had fecii in the other iflands, and one of them carried a piece of mat, faftened to the top of a pole, which we imagined was an enlign. They made a loud and incelfant noife j and in a little time, many large canoes came down to the boats, but with no friendly intentions, for we foon perceived their main deflgn was to haul our boats on fliore. One of theni went irito the Tamar's boat, and with the greatcft adroitnefa fcized a feaman'sjacket.and jumping over- board with it, never once appeared^ove water, till he waa clofe in (hore among his com;>arion» : another gotholdof amidfhipman's hat, but not knowing how to take it olT, he pulled it downwards, inllead of lifting it up J fo that the owner had time to prevent his ttking it away. Our feamci} bore thefe infults with much patience, as tiwif^ifions of the Omplc children of nature. i O Finding i ,i 238 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Compiete. it' , 11 y m . m It'! ! j: :fe#*' fn [i^ • 111 f I'' I Finding about noon, that there was no anchorage here, we iteered along the (horc to the weftcrmoft point of the ifland,and when we came to it wc faw another ifland, bearing S. W. by W. at about four leagues dif- uncc. We were now about one league b^ond the inlet, where we had left the natives : but they were not contented with our havins quietly left themt for we now obferved two large double canoes failing after the (hip, with about 30 men in each, all armed after the manner of their country. The boats were a good M ay to leeward of us ; and the canoes pafling be- tween the (hip itti the Ihors, feemed to chace tliem with great refolution. Upon this the Commodore made a (ignal for the boats to fpeak with the cano^, which they no fooner perceived, than they turned towards the Indians, who being inlbintly feized with a fudden panic, hauled down their laiis, and paddled away at a furprizing rate. The boats, however, came up with them; but notwithftanding the dreadful furf that broke upon the fhore, the canoes pulhed through it, and were inftantlv hauled upon the beach. Our boats f> Ilowed them, when the natives, dreading an invafion of their country, prepared to defend it with javelins, clubs, and fioncs : upon feeing this our men fired, and killed two or three of them ; one of whom who Rood dofe to the boats, received three balls, which pofled Suitethrough his body ; yet he afterwards tookupalaige one, and died in the adion of throwing it. The Indians carried off the reft of their dead, except this one man, and made the beft of their way back to their companions at the inlet. The boats then returned, and brought off the two canoes they had purfued. One of them was 33 feet long, and the other fonKwhat lets : both were of a very curious conftrudlion, and mutt have been fc.-med with prodigious labour. They confifted of planks exceedingly wefl wrought, and in many places adorned with carving ; thefc pbinks were fewcd together, and over every feam there was a (lip of tortoifeflieli, very ingenioufly Mened to keep out the weather. Their bottoms were as fharp as a wedge ; and the boats being very narrow, two of them were joined laterally together by a couple of ftrong fpars, fo that there was a fpace of about ctcht feet between them. A mad was hoided in each, andafailwasfpread between themafts : this fail was made of matting, and remarkable for the ncatneis of its workmanftiip. Their paddles aUb are very curious, and their cordage as good, and as well made as any in England, though it appeared to be made only of the outer covering of the cocoa-nut. When thefe veflcls fail, feveral men fit on the fpors which hold the canoes together. The furf which broke high upon the ihore, rendering it impofTible to (nocurc refreflunents for the fick, in this part of the ifland, we returned back to the inlet, in order to try yhat more could be done there ; but the boats being fent to found the inlet again, re- turned, and confirmed their former account, that it atlbrdcd no anchorage for a (hip. While the boats were abfcnt, a great number of the natives were feen upon the foot where we had left them in the momii^ who feentcd very bufy in kwdine and manning fome canoes which lay clofe to the beach. The Commodore, thinking they mi^t be troubieibme, and being unwiH* ing to have recourfe to the fanguinary means v^tch had before been ufed, fired a (hot over their heads, which produced the intended effort, for they in(tantly dif- d:d. Jufl before the clofe of the evening, our boats cd.and brought 4>fr a few coco»-nuts, but (aw none of the inhabitants. On Tuefday the | ith, in the morning, the Com- modore, with all the men who were ill of the fcurvy, and capablcof doing it, went on fhore, where they con- tinucd the whole day. ' The houl^ were totally defertcd, except by the dpgs, who howled ineeflantly, from the tiine we came on (hore, till we returned to theibip. The wigwams were low mean (truAures, thatched wkh the leaves of cocoa-nut tfees; but they were delight- fully lituatcd in afmegroveof flately trees: maliy of which were fuch as we were entirely unacquainted with. The (horc was covered with eofal, «id (hells of very r^/ge pearl oyllers, and the Commodore fttfnly bdlevca,' 2 that as profitable a pearl filhcry mlRht be cfiablifhcd here as any in the world, in one of the huts was found the carved head of a rudder, which had evidently belonged to a Dutch long-boat. It was very old and worm- eaten. A piece of hammered iron, a piece of bra(s, and fome fmall iron-tools, were alfo found, all which had . mod probably been obtained from the fame (liip to which the boat belonged, llie inhabitants of thefe iflands were not over-burdened with cloathing: the men uy faw were naked, but the women had a piece of cloth of fome kind hanging from the waifi as low as the knee. The cocoa-nut tree feeins to furnifli them with all the nece(raricsof life, particularly food, fails, cordage, timber, and vefifelsto hold water. Clofe to their houfcs we difcovered buildings of another kind, which ap- peared to be bury ing-puccs. They were fituatcd under lofty trees that gave a thick gloomy (hade : the (idc< and tops were of ftone, and they fomewhat refembled in their figure, the fquare tombs with a flat top in our country church-yards. Near thefe buildings we found many neat boxes, full of human bones; and>upon the branches of the trees that (haded them, hung a great number of heads and bones of turtles, and a variety of other fifli, inclofed with a kind of bafliet-work of reeds. We here faw no venomous creature ; but the mufquetocs covered us from head to foot, and infefied not^only the boat, but the fliip, bcii.g an intolerable torment. We obferved a great number of parrots, and parroquets, with a variety of other birds, altogether unknow n to us. We faw alfo a beautiful kind of doves, fo tame, that fome of them frequently came clofe to us, and followed us into the Indian huts. The fic(h water here is good but rather fcarce : the wells that fupply the natives being (b fmall, that when two or three cocoa-nut (hells have been filled from them, they are dry for a few minutes i but as they ptcfently fill a^in, if a little pains were uken to enlarge them, they would abundantly fupply any fliip with water. We obtained cocoa-nuts and fcurvy.grafs in great quantities, which were moll ineftiraable acquifitions, as by this time there was not a man on board who was wholly untouched with the fcurvey. All this day the natives kept thcmfelvca clofoly concealed, and did not even make a fmoke upon any oart of the ifland, as far as we could fee. In the evening we all returned on board, highly plcafcd with this day's amufcment and work. This ifland lies about 67 leagues from the iflands of Difappointmenr, in the direduon of W. half S. and in the latitude of i4deg. 39 min. S. longitude 148 dcg. 50 min. W. The inhabitants feem to have fome notions of religion, OS we faw a place, which we concluded to be appro, priated to their manner of worfliip. A rude, but very agreeable avtoue opened to a (jpacious area, in which was one of the ItrgcA and molt fpreading cocoas wc faw in the place ; before which were feveral lai^e (tones, probably atears ; and from the tree hung the figure of a doR adorned with tieathers. On Wednefday the i3th, we vifitcd another ifland which had been feen to the weflward; and fleered S. W. by W. clofe along the N. E, fide of it, which is about f» or fcven leagues long. This ifland nukes much the&me appearance as the other, having a large ^t lake in the middle of it. The (hip no fooner came in light, than the natives repaired in great numbers to the beach, armed in the fame manner as ihofc already defrribed. but not of fuch boiflerous manners. Tlw boats founded as ufual along the flwre, but had (IriA orders not to mded the Indians, except it ihovld be abfolutely neoeflTary in their own defence; hut on tha contrary, toufe every gentle method in order to obtain . their cmfidence and good will. They rowed as near the fliore at they duHl for the furf; arid making figns 6f their wanting water, the Indiana readily underAoofl them, and dircded them to run down fimher alon^ the (hore, which they did, till they came abreail of fi«;h a .duller of houics, as we had jull left upon the other ifland. The Indians followed them thithi;r, and were there joined t^ many others. The boats iaiinedi%tcly hMfed clofe into the furf, and we brought to with t)ie (hibs, at a little diftance from the flwre; upon wniicb^a Commodore BYRON'S VOYAGE— for making Difcoverics in the Southern Ocean. &c. 239 IhHJt old m«n, with a long white beard, came down from the houfe* to the beach, attended by a young man, and appeared to have the authority of a chief or king. On hi» malting a fignal, the reft of the Indians retired to a fmali diftance, and he then advanced to the water's edge, holding in one hand the green bra|ich of a tree, and in the otner grafping his beard, which he preiled to bis bofom. In this attitude he made a UmfT fpcech, or rather fong, for it had un agreeable cadence. We were forry that we could not underftand Mm, but to (hew our good will, while he was fpeak- ing. we threw him fome trifling prefenu, which he would neither touch himfelf. nor fuifer them to be touched by others, till he had done. He then walked into the water, and threw to us the green branch t after which he took up the things which had been thrown from the boau. Every thing having now a firiendly appearance, we made figns that they Ihould lav down their arms; and moft of them having complied, one of the midlhipnMn, encouraged by thu teftinnony of confidence and friendfliip. leaped out of the boat with his clothes on, and fwam through the furf to the ihiore. on which the Indians flocked round him. finging and dancing as if to cxprefs their jo^. and began to examine his ckxhes with feeming cunofity t they par- ticularly Ihewed figns of admiration on viewiiw his waiftcoat 1 upon which he took it off, and prelented it to them. This adl of generofity had a dilagree J>lc tffeA i for he had no fooner given away his waiftcoar, than one of the Indians untied his cravat, and the next moment fnatched it from his neck, and ran away with it. He therefore, to prevent his beihg ftripped, made thebcftof his way back to the boat. We were dill however upon good terms, and feveral of the Indians fwam ofi^ to us, wme of them bringing a cocoa-nut. and others a little frclh water in a cocoa-nut (hell. We endeavoured to obuin from them fome pearls, but we could not make ourfelves underftood. We (houk). how- ever, probably have fucceeded better, ha' mi intcrcourfe of any kind been eftabliflicd between us, but unluckily no anchorage could be found for the Ihips. In the lake •me faw two very large veflcls, oncof which had two mafls. and fome cordage aloft. To thefctwo iflands the Coin- Riodoregavethc name of KingGcorae'sIflands,in honour of his prefcnt Majefty. That which we iaft vifited lies in latitude 1 ^dcg. 41 min. S. longitude 1 49 deg. 1 5 min. W. On Thurroav the 13th, having continued our courfe to the weftward, about three o'clock. P. M. we defcried land, bearing S. S. W. diflant fix leagues. We im- mediately flood for it. and found it to lie E. and W. and to be about 60 miles in length. It is diAant from King George's Iflands about 48 leagues, in the direc- tion of fouth 80 deg. W. fituatcd in the latitude of 15 d^. S. and the weftermoft end of it in iji deg. 53 mm. W. longitude. We ran along the fouth-fide ' of it, and the appearance of the country exhibited a plcafant green furface; but a dreadful furf breaks upon every part of the fliore. with foul ground at fome dif- tance, and at about three leagues are many rocks and iflots. It has a narrow neck of land running S. by W. and N. by E. We faw a number of Indians, and feveral canoes difperfcd about different parts of the ifland, to which was given the name of the Prince of Wales's Ifland. From its weftem extremi^, we (leered north S3 deg. W. and on the i6th at noon, obferved in la- titude 14 deg. 38 oiin. S. and in 156 deg. 33 min. W. longitude. The mountainous fwell from the fouthward, which to this day we had loft, now returned ; and we were attended '^ith vaft flocks of birds, which in the evening took thcii fltsht to the liawthward ; from which appearances we c< aduded, more land lay in that direc- tion I the difcovery of which we fliould have attempted, had not the ficknefs of the crews in both fliips been an infiiperablc bar to fiich an attempt. On the 1 7th. the fwell continued, and various kinds of birds flew about thefliipi fuppofing therefore land to be not far diftant, we proccedr J with' caution, for the iflands in this patt of the ocean .r >der navigation very dangerous, thc^ being To k>w, that a Ihip may be ck>re in with thetii before the]ra(c4eeB. Nathing jiuterial occurred on * the 1 8th and 19th. On the 20th, we found ourhtitude to be 1 3 deg. ;).) min. S. longitude 167 deg. 47 min. W, The prince of Wales's Ifland, diftant 313 leagues. On Friday the 3 1 ft, at fcven o'clock, A. M. we again faw land a-hcad. bearing W. N. W. and diftant about eight leagues. It had the appearance of three iflands • from this point of fight s and the.Commodore took them for Solomon's Iflands, fcen by Quiros, in the beginning of the 1 7th century, and very imperfcdUy defcribed by him. But on our nearer approach, we found only a tingle illand. about 1 3 miles in length, furrounded with ftioals ;ind breakers, on which account it was named the Ifland of Danger. The reef of rocks which we firft faw. when wc approached this iflc, lies in latitude 10 deg. 15 min. S. and in 169 deg. 38 min. W. longitude -, and it bears from this reef W. N. W. dif- tant nine leagues. From the Prince of Wales's Ifland it bean north 76 deg. 48 min. W. diftant nine leagues. As you run in with the land, you fee the fands, and about feven leagues ofl^from the mofl caftem parts of the ifland, lies a ridge of rocks, near a quarter of a mile in length, and when abreaft of thefe, die ifland bears W. by N. We failed roimd the north end. and upon - the N. W. and W. fide faw innumerable rocks and (hoals. which ftrctched near two leagues into the fea, and were extremely dangerous. But as to the ifland itfelf, it had a more beautiful and fertile appearance thanany we had fcen before, and, like the reft, abounded with people and cocoa-nut trees. I'he habitations of the natives we faw ftanding in groups all alonz the coaft. At a diftance from this we obferved a large velTcl under fail. It was with much 1 egret that we could not fuflicicnily examine this place, \vnich we were obliged to leave by rcafon of the rocks and breakers, that furrounded it in every diredion, which rendered the hazard attending a minute furvey, more than an equivalent to every advantage we might procure. On Sunday the 23d, having ftill proceeded in our courfe to the weftward, at nine o'clock, P. M. the Tamar, who was a-head. fired a gun. and our people imagined they faw bickers to the leeward t but we were foon convinced, that what had been taken for breakers, was nothinfr more than the undulating re- fledion of the moon, whica was going down, and (hone fiiintly from behind a cloud in tne horizon. We had this day exceflive hai- i (bowers of rain, on which we feizcd fuch a favourable opportunity of filling our calks with a frefli fupply of water. 'This is performed on board of (hip, by extending large pieces of canvafs in an horizontal pofition, hanging them by the comers* and placing a cannon ball, or any heavy body in ths center; by which means the rain running trickling .down to the middle, pours in a ftream into the cafks pUccd under. In this manner the Manilla (hips, during the long paflages they make through the South Seas, recruit their water, from t'ne great (bowers of rain which at this feafon of the year fall in thefe latitudes, for which purpofe they always carry a great number of earthen-jars with them. On the 34th, we had moderate fair weather, and at ten o'clock, A. M. we defcried another ifland, bearing S. S. W. diftant about feven or eight leagues. We found it to be low, and covered with wood, among whitzh, were cocoa-nut trees in great abundance. But though the place itfelf has ^ plnfant appearance, a dreadful fea breaks upon almoft every part of the coaft. and a great deal of foul ground lies about it. A large lake is in the middle of this ifland, and it is near 30 miles in circumference. It is about four leagues in length from E. to W. nearly as much in breadth, and lies in latitude 8 deg. 33 min. S. and in 178 deg. 16 min. W. longitude from London. Wc failed quite round it. and. when on the lee-fide, fent our boats out to found for an anchomng-place. They returned with the unfavourable news that no foundings wercto begot near the (hore. However, having been difpatched a fccond time ro procure fome refrefhmencs for the fick, they landed wi^ great difficulty, and brought off about 200 cocoa-nuts, which to perfbos in our circumftances, were an incftimable treafurc. They foitnd on fhore tiioufands ^| fca-fowl fitting on theit ncfts, CIS Ml }? t. f 24<3 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. )i ■ i ' n.'fts, and f« diverted of (car, that 'hey did not attempt to move at the approach of the feanien. but fuHcred theiTifelvcs to be knocked down, having no apprchen- fion of the mifchief that was intendra thcni. The ground was covered with land crabs ; thcfc were the only animals we faw, nor did we obfcrve the leart fign (if any inhabitants ; and it was fuppofed never before to have received the mark of human foot fteps. The Commoilore was inclined to believe, that this ifland was the fame that in the French charts is laid down about a degree to the eartward of the great ifland of Saint Elizai)eth, which is the principal of Solomon's Illands.but being afterwards convinced of the contrary, he named it the Duke of York's Ifland, in honour of his late roval highnels. On Friday the 38th. wc gave up all hopes of feeing Solomon's Iflands, which we had expedcd to vifit, and fhould certainly have found, had there been any.fuch iflands in the latitude in which they are placed in our maps. Thcfe iflands are faid to have been difcovercd by Ferdinand dc Qui'ros, who reprefcnted them as ex- ceeding rich and populous; and Icveral Spaniards who have pretended thit they were driven thither by ftrefs of weather, have faid, that the tiatives, with rcfpcift to their behaviour, were much like thofe of the continent of America, and that they had ornaments of gold and lilver ; but though the Spaniards have at different times lent fcveral pcrlons in fearch of thefe iflands, it was always without fucccfs : which mull probably proceed, either from the uncertainty of the latitude in which they arc faid to be found, or the whole being a fidion. There is indeed good rcafon to believe, that there is no good authority &r laying down Solomon's Iflands in the lituation that is afligncd them by the French: the only perfon who has pretended to have feen them, is the above mentioned Quiros.and wc doubt whether he left behind hini any account of thcrti, by which they might be found by future navigators. However, wc continued our courfe in the track of thefe fuppofed iflands, till the 39th, and being then 10 dcg. to the weftward of their lituation in the chart, without having feen any thing of them, wc hauled to the northward, in order to crofs the line, and afterwards to fliape our courfe for the Lad rone I Hands, which though a long run, we hop>ed to accomplifh, before we fhould be diu trcfTcd tor water, notwithftanding it now began to fall ihort. This day we obfcrved in latitude 8 d«g. 13 min. S. and in 176 min. 20 min. E. longitude. On Tucfiliy the and of July, at four o'clock, P. M. .we difcovercd an ifland bearing north, diftant fix leagues. Wcrtood for it till fun-fet, and then kept ort'anid on for the night. In the morning wc found it to be a low tiat illand, of a moll delightful afpeiil, full of wood, among which the cocoa-nut tree was very confpicuous. However, we had the mortification to find niuch foul ground about it, upon which the fea broke with a threatening furf. We fleered along the S. W. fide of it, which we Judged to be about four leagues in iengtli, . and foon perceived that it was not only inhabited, but very populous. Immediately about 60 canoes, or rather pruis, put oft' to the fliips, none of which had fewer than three, nor more than fix perfons on board. Thefe Indians had nothing of that fierce difpofition, which had, in many inrtances, totally cut oft" all friendly in- tercourfe. After gazing at the fhips for fonie time, one of them fuddenly fprung out of his proa hitothe fea, and fwam to the Dolphin, then ran up the iidcs like a cat. He had no fooner readied the decks, than fitting down, he buril into a violent fit of laughter ; then rtarted up, and ran all over the fhip, attempting to rteal whatever he could lay his hands on ; but, bemg ftark naked, he was always foiled. A Teaman put him on a jacket and.trowfers, which caufed great diverfion, as he difplayed all the antics of a monkey. At length he leaped over-board, with his new habiliments, and fwam back to his proa. The fucccfs of this adventurer en- couraged feveral others to fwim to the fhip, and what- ever they could feizc they carried olF with aftonilhing agility. Thefe Indians are tall, well-proportioned, and Clean limbed j their fkin of a bright copper colour ; their features exceeding regular; and their coun> tenanccs exprefling a furprifing mixture of intrepidity and cheerfulnefs. Their hair is black and long, which fome wore tied up behind in a great bunch, others in knots: fome had long beards, fome only whifkers, and fome nothing more than a fmall tuft at the point of the chin Except their ornaments, they were all (lark naked : thefe confirted of (hells very prAtily difpofed> and rtrunc together, and were worn round their necks, wrirts and waifls. All their ears were bored, but no ornameats were feen in them; though as the lobe»of their ears hung down almort to their (houlders, it is highly probable, tliat fomething of confidcrable we^t . is at times affixed to them by way of ornament. One man in the group appeared to be a perfon of confe- quence; he had a firing of human teeth nwind hii wairt, which nothins that was fhewed him could in- duce him to part with. Some were uniirmcd, but other., had a very formidable weapon, confilHng of a kind of fpear, very bnxid at the end, and iluck full of fltark's teeth, which are as (harp as a lancet at the fides, for about three feet of its length. The officers fhcwcd them cocoa-nuts, and made figns that they wanted more ; but inflead of giving any intimation that their country fiimifhed fuch fruit, they endeavoured to feize upon thofe they faw. To this ifland we gave the name of Byron's Ifland. It is feated in latitude i deg. 18 min. S. and in 1 73 deg. 46 min. E. longitude. Os= C H A P. IV. ^heiivojbips dt'purl from Byron's Ifland— JCnfi the Eauiaoxial Line— Arrive at Tinian— Anchor in the very /pot where ijji-d Aiifjii hiy in ibe Ciniurion — A dejcriptie^t of IM ifland, -with remarkable incid'-ls and trimfailioiis — Ohfervationt »tt the Indians, and the conjlruilwH ef their proas — They /ail from the Ladrone Iflands — Touch at the ifle of Pulo Timoan. — An acnurit of the MalAys— Arrive at Batavia — jt particular de/cription 0/ the fiale and fituation of ibis country — i'ajfa^e/rom Balaiia to the Cape of Good Hope — Oh/erva/ions during our flay there — Set /ail and pa/s the ifland of St. Helena— -The 'tamar fleers fir ylnlipta in order to refit — Ami the Dolpbiu on the ^tb of May, 1 766, anchor in the Dozvns. ON Wcdnefday the third of July, we fent out the boats to found, foon after we had brought to off Byron's Ifland; uhen returned, they reported, that there was depth of m-oimd at 30 fathom, within iwo cablci length ot the fliore, but as the bonom wascoial rock, and the foundings much too near for a (hip to lie in fafety, wc were obliged to make fail, without havinat procured any refrclhiitents tor our fick. We now flecicd nearly due north, and crofl'ed the line two dqi^Rct be- yond the extremity of wellcrn longitude from London^ or in 17S deg. K. In our courfe, wc faw great qvan- I titles of fifh, but none could be ukcn, except fliarks, which were become a good difh even at the Commo* dore's own table. On Sunday the 3 1 (I, all our cocoa-nuts by this time being expended, the nwn began to fall down again with the fcHrvy. Thefe nuts had, in an artonifhing. man- ner, checked the progrefs of this dreadful diforder : many whoTc limbs were become as black as ink, who could not move without the affiftance of two men, and who, befidcs being entirely difablcd, fuffcred excruciate ingpain. had been in a few days, b/ eating thefe nun^ (a ' • • ■ - ' — ' • • iiiriiiMiiii I— ii I •■••TTi- CoMMObORE BYRON's VOYAGE— for iritking Dlfcoveriw in the Sovthbrn Ocb an» &e. «4i fo far rtcovcred, 4s W do their dUty, and tvtn go aloft as well as they did before they were feized by this dif- temper. The favoortble report which the wHter of. Lord Aflfon's voyage had made Of Tiniart, one of the Ladroncs. (i range ofidands fo named by Magellan, on One of which fie loft his life, in an encounter with the natives) induced our Commodore to proceed to fo friendly an afylum, as that was defcribed to be, for djf- eafed and exhauftcd mariners. Accordingly on the aSth, in latitude 13 deg. min.N. and in 158 deg. CO min. E. longitude 1 and being now nearly m the parallel of Tinlan, we (hapcd our courfc for that ifland. On the 30th we again faw land, which proved to be the iflands of Saypan, Tinian, and Aiguigan, which are be- tween two and three leagues diftant from each other. On the 3 1 ft, we fteered along the eaft-fide of them, and kt noon,' hauling round the fouth point of Tinian, be- tween that ifland and Aiguigan, anchored at the S. W. point of it, in 16 fathonu n-ater, on good ground, and m the very fpot where Lord Anfon lay in the Centurion, in Auguft 1 742. As foon as the ftiip was fecured. the Cofhmodore went on fliore, to fix upon a place where tents might be creAed for the fick, not a fingle man being at this lime free from the fcurvy, and many were in the laft fta^ of it j yet not one on board had died fince our fcttme out from England. We found fevcral huts which had been left by the Spaniards and Indians the year before ; for this year none of them as yet had been at the place, nor was it probable that thev fhould come for fome months, the fun being now almou vertical, and the rainy feafon fet in. The Commodore affirmed, that he never felt fuch heat, either on the coaft of Guinea, in the Weft Indies, or upon the ifland of St. Thomas, which is under the line. The thermo- meter which was kept on board the Dolphin, generally ftood at 86 degrees, which is but degrees lefs than the heat of the blood at the heart, and had it been on ihorc, it would have rofe much higher. After a fpot had been fixed upon for the tents, fix or feven of the men en- deavoured to pufti through the woods, in fearch of the beautiful lawns and meadows defcribed in Anfon's voyage ; but the trees ftood fo thick, and the place was fo overgrown with underwood, that they could not fee three yards before them ; they were therefore obliged to be continually hallooing to each other, to prevent their being fcparatcly loft m this tracklcfs wildernefs. As the weather was intolerably hot, they had nothing on but their flioes, flilrts, and trowfcrs ; and thefe.were foon torn to pieces by the bufties and brambles : at laft, how- ever, they got through, with incredible labour and dif- ficulty ; Diit found the lawns entirely overgrown with a ftubborn kind of reed or brufli, in many places higher than their heads, and no where lower than their middles, which continually entangled their legs, and cut them like whipcord. During this excurfion, they were covered with flies from head to foot ; and whenever they offered to fpeak, they were furc of having a mouthful, many ot which never failed to get down their throats. After having walked three or four miles they faw a bull, which they killed, and a little before night got back to the beach, ah wet as if they had been dipt in water, and fo fatigued, that thev were fcarce able to ftand. On Thurfday the ift of Auguft, a party was difpatch- ed t^o fetch the bulij and our people were employed in fctting up more tents. As the Commodore himfelt was very ill of :he fcurvy, he ordered a tent to be pitched for himfelf, and took up his refidence on fliore, where we alfo erofled the fmitn's forge, in order to repair the iron work of both (hips. We were likewifc employed in getting the water caflts on (hore, and clearing the well at which they were to be filled. This well we thought to be the fame the t cnturion wateied at, but it was the worft we had met with during the voyage, for the water was not only brackifli, but full of worms. Alfo the road wlierc the fliips lay was a dangerous lituation at this feafon, for the bottom is a harcffand, and large coral rocks, and the anchor having no hold in the fand, is in perpetual danger of being cut to pieces. Wc did not perceive thefe dilagreeable circumftances No. 29. I when we firft caft Mchdr, thinking then the ground td 1>e good ; bnt finding the contrary afrer having moored, to prevent any bad confequences, we rOuiidcd the cables and buoyed them up with emptv calks. Afterw!trd< finding the cables much damageOi we refolved to l\6 fingle for the future, that by veering awAy, or hcaVing in, as wit fliould have mcn-e or leTs wind, Wc might always keep them from being flack, confcquentlv from rubbing, and this expedient uicdecdcd to our wiftii At the fiilfand change of the moon, a prodigious fwell tumbles in here t and it once drove in from the Wbft-< ward with fuch fiiry, that we were obliged to put to fea for a week ; for had our cable parted in the night, and the wind been upon the (hore, which fometimes happens for two or three days together, the ihip muft inevitably have been loft on the rocks. Thus had we arrived at this delightful ifland, after a pafTage of four months and twenty days, from the Straits of Magellan, with this furprifing and happy circumftance, that during this long run, though many had great complaints of the fcurvy, from the fait provilions they had oecn ob- liged to live upon, yet through the care of the Com-, modorc, in caufing the people to be fupplied at ftated times with poruble foup, and the refrefninents we had obtained from feveral iltajidt, we had not buried a fingle man ; and we had now, by being favoured with fair weather, an opportunity of fending our fick on fhore, into the tents, which fome of our nien had foon pre- pared for their reception. But while we flayed here two died of fevers ; and in the Commodore's opinion, from the almoft incelTant rains, and violent heat, during the feafon we were here, this beautiful and fertile ifland is one of the moft unhealthy ipots in the world. We frequently dilpatched parties mto the woods in fearch of cattle, which, from theaccountpubliflicd in the hiftory of Commodore Anfon's voyage, we expeded to find in numbers ; but to our difappointment, a few only were difcovered at a great diftance from the tents, fo very (hy, that it was difiicult to get a (hot at them 1 and moie fo to drag them fix or feven miles to the tents, the wo< parted this life ; and foon after died Peter Evans, one of the feamen belonginq to the Tamar. This dav we got our copper oven on ibore, and baked bread, wtiich we ferved to the fick ; the whole being under the indy is formed of two pieces joined end ways, and neatly fewed together with bark : and as the ttrait run of her leeward fide, and her fmall breadth, would certainly caufc her to overfet, a frame called an out-ric^r, is laid out from her to the windward, to the end oTuhich is fattened a log, made hollow, in the ttiape of a fmall boat : thus the weight of the frame balances the proa, and that, with the fmall boat, always in the water, prevents her overfettiiw to the windward. The vcflel generally carries fix or (even Indians, two of whom fit in the head and ftern, who ftcer the proa alternately, with a paddle, according to the tack flie goes on; he in the flern being the fteerfnoan; the rctt are employed in fctting and trim- ming the fail, or bailing out the .water Ctie may acci> dentally ttiip. Thus by only flufting the fail, thefe veflels with either end forcmajl, can, with aftonifliing fwiftnefs, run from one of thcie iflands to another, ana back again, without eyer putting about. While wc lay at this place, the Tamar was fent to examine the ifland of Saypan, which is much larger than Tinian, rifes higher, and has a much pleafanter appearance. The Tamar anchored to the leeward, at the dittance of a mile from the fliore, and in to fathom water, with much the fame kind of eround as we had in the road of Tinian. Some of ne Tamar's company landed upon a fine fandy beach, which is fix or feven miles long, and walked up into the woods, where thm difcovered nuny trees very fit for top mafts. They faw no fowls nor any tracks of cattle, but plenty of bqes and guaoi- coes : alfo Urge heaps of pearl oyfter-fhclis thrown up together, ana ether figns of people having been there t pofTibly the Spaniards may go thither at fome feafons of the year, and carry on a pearl fifhery. As we (haU have an opportunity of again mentioning thefe places in our accounts of other voyages, we here, for thfc amufo* ment of our numerous fublcribers, infett what other navisntors, and judicious writers, have related both 6f the rhilippihe iUid LJidroiic Iflands, bothlttuatttl in the Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE— for making Difcovoies in the SoirruKUN Ocean, &c. 24^ the ftclfic Ocean, and at no great dillancc from each other. An Mcma tf the Pbilipbint, and Ladrone, or Marian Iflamis. THE Philippine Iflamis arc fituatc in the Chinelian Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean, between 114 and 130 degrees of eaftern loneitucje, and between 5 and 1 9 dcffrcet of north latitude, about 100 leagues S. \l. ol China, Thei« arc noo of them, and fcvcral very large. The chief of the moft northerly of them is MaKila or Luconia, which is the largtft of the Philip- pine!, and is fituate in r 5 deg. of rtorth latitude, being about 400 miles long aiM above 1 80 broad in moil places. . « . u The capital of thU ifland; md of all the rcit, is the city of Manila, fituate on a bay in the S. W. part of the ifland, being two miles in circumference, fu .round- ed by a wall and other works, a very com-nodious harbour, but of difficult acccfs, r . I. \0 . k, '.If A ft d44 VOYAOE8 R O U-N D the WORLD CoMPtEtE* H MedicuMi indfweet gunu, ifluing from the bodies of tieet are put of the prrauce : fcrpents of varioua kinds are found in diefe ilnnds i but the fathers who relate that fome of theni are fo laige, they will fwailow a (tag, horm and all, furely do not expetft to be believed, any more than when th^ relate, tmt riie leaves of trees are converted into ii^eos i but the lad of thefc (lories may proceed from a ihi(hkke, for it is certain that fome in- fo^ depofit their eggs (as they do with us) upon the leaves of trees, whicn are hatched there, as is tnc cafe of the cochinod fly i and they might ignorantly imagine that thoTe infedb prweed from tlw leiu. The alligators are very dangerous ; and the ignana, a kind m land allisator, does a great deal of mifchief. Among their birds, are pcacocKs, parrots, cocatoos, and turtle-doves, which are very beautiful, fowls with black bones, and the bird uvan, which lays a number of eg;gs in trenches in the (and, and leaves them to hatch tKcrc. The faliein faftens her ncds to fome rock, as a nuitin does againft a wall, which diflblving into a kind of jelly in warm water, is efteemed delicious food. Here is alfo the xdobird, which eats likeaturkev; the camboxa is a well tafted fowl peculiar to thefc iflands. The herrero or carpenter, is a fine laigc green bird. It is called the carpenter, becaufe its beak is fo hard, that it digs a hole in the trunk, or (bme large branch of a tree, in order to build its neft. ' Their fruitsarenuneoes, plantains, bananoes, cocoas, tamarinds, cadla, and the cocoa or chocolate nut, which has been brought oyer from Mexico t oranges, lemons, and all manner of tropical fruiu. The cinnamon and nutmeg-tree have been planted here i but dq^enerate. and are good for little. A great deal of good timber and dying woods grow in thefc iflandsi and thecalamba, or fwcct-wood, a icind of cane, grows in the mountains, which, if cut, yields a draught of water, and is of great fervice to the natives. They have one plant that has all the properties of and is ufed u a fubftitute for opium; of this the natives are very fond, and fitquentJy intoxicate themfclves with it. , flowenandfwcet-herbaerowwildhere.butthcydonot cuUivate them in their gardens, and there are abundance of medicinal, as well as jpoifonous hcrb|s and flowers, which do not ool|r kill tho(e that touch or ufte them, but fo infed the air, that many people die in the time of their Uoflbminz : on the contrary, thcfe iflands are Erovidcntially well furnifhed with antidotes, particu- iHy the bezoar ftone, which is found in the belly of a creature much like a deer s and the root dilao, which is like ginger, and heals wounds made by any ve- nomous besdl, bcin^ btuifed and boiled with oil af cocoas. The tree camondog is fo venomous, that the pilchards eating the leaves wmch fall into the fea die r as -will the perfons who eat thejpoifonedfifh. The liquor which flows from the trunk of this tree fcrves thcfe people to poifon the points of their darts which they blow through the trunks abovementioned : the very (hadow of the tree is fo deflnultive, that, as far as it reaches, no herb or grafs grows, and if tranfplanted. it kills all the other plants it (lands near, except a fmall flirub which is an antidote againft it, and always with it : a bit (^ a twig of this (Imib, or a leaf carried in a man's mouth, is laid to be a fecurity againft the venom of the tree, and therefore tiie Indians are never without it. The maka.bukay, which (ignifics the giver of life, is a kind of ivy which twines about any tree, and srows to the thickiwfs of a man's finger; it has long (noots like vine branches, of which theindians make bracelets, and eftceni them a prefervative againft poifon. There are many other trees and plants m extraordinaiy virtue ih thcfe iflands ; amoi^ others, there is the lenfitive ^iit, in all rcfpeds like a coiewort, which growing out of.a Eock* avoids the touch, and retires under water : l|!ere.'i» another that ^rovfo on St. Peter's Hill about MiMtili)^ .whick^ .not very tall,;04j^ little leaves, vHuclLwheneyier it is touch(edy,<)ijkWs'back and cloTctall ju' leaves tt^tliier ; for whi(^ reaifon the Spaniard* call it la yc(pK cofa, that is, tj|^^(hful. Ul There grows near Cathalagan, in the ifland of Samrtr, a plant ota furpriflng virtue, difcovercd by the fathers of the foCiety, as they tell us, of late years : the Dutch have alfo fome knowledge of it, and, il is faidi wil[ ?ive double the quantity of goM for it. The plant is Hke ivy, and twines about any tree it grows pear; th*. fruit which grows out of the knots and leaves iVfentMcs a melocotoon in bismcfs and colour, and within h«^. eight, ten, or fixleen itemals as big as a hazel nut, each green and yellow, which when ripe, drop out of >hemk ulvcs. Theufual dofe siven of it is the weight bf half a royal, that is the fixteonth part of an uuncc, powderrd and mixed in wine or water j if it has no til^ the (irlt time, the dofe is repeated, aild is a pqwenul antidote asninft any poifon. either Of venomous herbs or dart* which are iMed by the natives of Macafliir, Borneo, and the Philippines. The general langUMC fpokcn in thefc iflands is the Malayan tongue iMOdes which, every pec^le have a hngtnge peculiar to themfdves. They i*rite on cocoa- nut leaves, with an iron ftyle or pen i and arts and fciences have been introduced by the Spaniards, the natives having nothing of this kind to boaft of before their arrival. All thefe iflands, excet^t Mindanao and Paragoo, are under the iurifdi^on of a Spanifti vie- roy, who has governors under him in every other ifland and town of confcquence, and the like courts are etedcd tor the trial « civil and criminal caufes. as in old Spain. Ihe archbiftiop of Manila, the bifhops and their commif- (aries, determine eccleflaflical caufes as in Euro()c; but there lies an appeal from them to the pope's dc- lagate, who refides in one of the iflands. The court o( inquifition has alfo a commifTary here. But notwith- ftandins the Spaniards are rcprefentcd as fovcrcigns of thefe illands, this muft only be undcrftood of the open country and the fea>coafts, in which there may be 309,000 fouls : but thefe are not a tenth part of the in- habitants, the reft look upon themfelves as a free people: every mountain almoft is poflTelTed by a different tribe, who make war upon one another, the Spaniards fcldom intemneddling in their quarrels. The Chincfc were formeriy fo numerous here, that tliey difputcd -the authority of the Spaniards: over (hem: it is com- puted that 40,000 of them refided in and about the city of Manila; but the Spaniards compdied them to fubmit, and baniflied fome thoufands of them, the reft were permitted to remain here, to carry on their manu&dures ; for they are almoft the only artificers. Their amu are bowa, arrows, and fauices or fpean. broad iwords, and tubes or trunks, through which they blow poifoned arrows, the flighteft wounds whereof are moral, if immediate remedies are not applied. Thoy have cane fliields alfo covered with a bufiidoe's hide, and a head-piece for defenfive arms. Thefe favages, as the Spaniards call them, worfhip one fupreme Cod, and their anceftors, as the Chinele do, from whom moft of them are defcended ; they worftiip alfo the fun and moon, and almoft every thing they fee, whether animate or iiuuiimate, groves, rocks, nvers, and one particuliv tree, which they would efteem it a fiKrilege to cut down, believing the fouls of fome of their friends may refide in it, and that in cuttii^ the tree they may wound a near relation. Inftead of temples, thejr have caves, wherein they place their idols, and facrifke to thcnk Some beautiful young virgins firft wounds the vidUm with a fpnr, and then the priefts difpatch the aninul 1 and, having drefTed the meat, it is eaten by the company. Supemition prevails among them; they have their lucky and unlucky days; and if certain animals cn^s the way when they arc going upon bufinefs, they will return home, and go out no more that day. 1 he Spaniards tolerate them in their idola- trous worfhip ( and fufier them to game, on paying to the government 10,000 crowns per annum. They arc alfo much given to a deteftable vice : and did not ima- gine it to DC a crime, till the Spaniards punifhed them for it. The men purchafe their wives here as in Qiina ; and the marriage ceremony is performed bjr aprieftefs, who 4 facriiices Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE — tor making UU'covcrics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 245 1 paying to They arc facrifices fomc aniinal on thcoccalion i attcr which, ihe bride is led home, and thi whole concludes with an entertainment as at other places. They marry in their own tribe, and with their ncarcll relations, except the fifft degree; fome of them arc confined to one wife, other tribes allow a plurality of women, and divorces for rcafonable caufes on cither lide. Children arc cither named after heroes or flowers, or from fomc accidental circumftance that occurs at the time of their birth ; but as foon as they marry, they chufc new namcii, and their parents are obliged to make ufe of their old ones. The dead arc wafhed and perfumed, wrapped in filk, and put in a dofe coffin, near which a chell is placed that contains the arms of a man, or domelHc utcnlils ofa woman: mourners arc hired to adill in making a difmal noife. They bury their dead as in China, and do not burn them: as foon as the body is buried, an entertainment is made, and all is converted to mirth and fcllivity. In general, they mourn in black garments ; and (have their heads and eye-brows. The next Spanilh ifland to that of Manila is Samar or Philippina, between which and Manila is a narrow channel, called the Straight of Manila, the N. E. point whereof is called Spirito Sandto ; the illand is near 400 miles in circumference, the chief town, Ca- thalagan, governed by a Spanifli alcade. The ifland of Sebu, which lies in 10 deg. S. latitude, is the place where Magellan M} fet up the Spanilh colours ; the chief town named Nombre dc Dios, afterwards made a bilhop's fee, has in it a cathedral and fcveral other churches and nionafteries. The idand of negroes lies weft of Sebu, and Mbs fo named becaufe it is inhabited chiefly by blacks. Mindanao lies the moft Ibutherly of any of the Philippine Klands, and is the largefl of them except Manila, bei:ig near 100 miles in length, and 150 in breadth. !t it poflcfled by people of dittertnt na- tions "nd different religions ; but the Mahometans, who arc date on the fea-coafts, are much the moll nu- merous, whofe fovereij^n is Oiled Sultan of Mindanao. Thofc who pofTefs the middle of the illand arc called Hillanoons, and another nation lliled Sologncs, arc fituate on the N. W. coaft. The air of this iflami is not fo hot as fnight be cxpedled, being refrclhcd fre- quently by the fea breezes, and the periodical rains, which lay the flat country under water. The winds blow from the eaft, from Odobcr to May, and then turn about and fet wefterly ; next month the rains and ftorms fucceed ; at firll there are not more than two or three Ihowers a day j they afterwards come oftencr, with violent hurricanes and loud thunder, and the wind continues wefterly until November, during which time they have fuch ftonns that trees are blown up by the roots, the rivers are overflowed, and they do not fee the fun or ftars fometimes in a week: about Auguft the air is very cool, the rain and wind are mo- derate in September, and in Odlobcr the wind blows from the eaft again, and it continues fair till April, and fometimes May. Mindanao, the capital city, lies on the fouth-fide of the ifland, in 123 deg. 15 min. of eallem longitude, and 6 deg. 20 min. north latitude, near the mouth of a river, and about two miles from the fea ; the houfes being built on bamboo pillars, 16 or 18 feet above the furface of the ground, on account of the annual floods, when they have no communication with one another but by boats. The city is about a mile in length, built along the winding bank of the river; the Sultan's palace is fupported by 180 trees, and has 20 cannon mounted in the front ; and (jveral of the nobility have great guns in or before their houfes. Large fliips cannot come up to the town, there being fcarce 1 1 feet water on the bar, at the entrance of the river. The natives are held to be men ofa fprightly genius, but very lazy and indolent, and will rather thieve than work ; but none arc more adtive when they find there is a necefllty for it ; and there may be two rcafons for their laZy difpofitron. one from the heat of the cli- mate, and the other from the tyranny of the govern- rnent, no man being fure he Ihall enjoy what he acquires by his induftry. No. 39. II 1 he Mindanayans are of a low ftature, and vcr/ flender, of dark, tiv;ny complexions, black fyes and hair, flat faces, .(hort nofes, wide mofjths^ and black teeth, vvhich thev take abundance of plains to dye of that colour ; and they wear the nails'of their left hands almod as long again a^ their fingers', ifcraping and dying them with Vermillion. The men have a haughty mein, and yet are faid to be very complaifant to foreigners, unlefs they are infulted, and then triey feldom fail to rcfent the alfrcuit, and des- troy their enemy by poifon or a dagger, never hazarding their pcrfons in a duel. Their habit is a linen frock and drawers, and a fmall piece of linen cloth, tied about their heads, but they go bare-foot: the complexion, and features of the women are better th.in thofc of the men j but yet they too much refemblc the other fcx, and cannot be admired for their beauty ; they wear a frock like the men, and a piece of cloth round their waifts ; the Hccvcs of the frock be- ing large, and coming down to their wrifts. Their hair is tied up in a roll at the hinder part of their heads. The men ftiave their heads, all but a lock that is left in the middle of the crown, like other Miiliometans; their beards arc very thin, being pulled up by the roots with tweezers.. People of figure are cloathed in filk or fine callico ; the women go barefoot as well as the men, and adorn their arms anq fingers with bracelets and rings. They arc not reftraincd from convcrfing with their countrymen or foreigners. The food of people of condition is flclh, fifh, and fowl of all kinds, except hogs flefh, which the Ma- hometans never touch. The poorer fort content them- felves with rice and fago. Rice is the principal part of the meal with all ofthun; they take it up with their hands, ufing neither knives or fpoons ; and their meat, whatever it be, is boiled to r.igs, that it may very ealily be pulled to pieces wi:li tlieir fingers. They ufually drink water, but make a pretty llrong liquor with plantains ; they wafti before and after every meal, and bathe fcveral times ,1 day. Swimming is one of the chief divcrfions of the women, as well as the men, to which they are ufed from theh- in- fancy. Upon joyful occafions the dancinpj girls, as they arc called, arc fent for to divert the company; but this dancing confifts only in flcrewing tliemfelvcs into lafcivious poftures, and nddtelTing their <:;reat men with flattering fpeeches. They have plays and mock fights alfoadled before them, and huaanf bread, having firll baked or roafted it in the embers : it is in fcalbn eight iiionth!i in the year, and grows only in thefe inandn. Dampier relates, that when he was there (about the year 1700) there were not above icxj Indians upon the ifland, though he was informed there had been 3 or 400 fomtimc before : and the reafon given why there was no more at that time was, becaufe moft of them had burnt their plantations, and fled to other iflands on their being ufcd ill by the Spaniards. Iheir fwift-failing flciops. or tiying prons, are the admiration of all that fee them ; the bottom of the veflcl, or the keel, is of out piece, made like a canoe, J 8 feet in length, built fliarp at both ends, one fide of the floop Hat, and the other rounding Mith a pretty krrge belly ; being four or five feet broad, with a niaft in the middle. They turn the flat fide to the wind, and having a head at each end, fail with either of them foremaft, and have never any occafion to tack. Dtti:i- pier computed they would fail 24 miles an hour. The tide never rifes above two or three feet at this ifland. The writer of Lord Anfon's voyage relates, that they arrived at the ifland of Tinian or Bonavifta, one of the Ladrone Iflands, which lies north of Guam, on the 27th of Augufl, 1742, being fituatcd in 15 dec. 8 min. north latitude, and 1 14 deg. 50 min. weft of Acapuico in America. This ifland is 1 2 miles in length, and fix in breadth, extending from the S. S. W. to N. N. E. The foil is dry and landy, and the air healthful; the land rifes in gentle flopes from the fhore to the middle of the ifland, interrupted by valleys of an eafy defient. The valleys and gradual fwellings of 'the ground arc beautifully divcrfincd by the encroachments of woods and lawns ; and the woods confift of tall fprcading trees, celebrated for thair afped or their fruit j the turf of the lawns clean and uniform, compofed of fine trefoil, intermixed with a variety of flowers ; the woods, in many places, open, free from buflies, and under- wood, aflording moft elegant and entertaining prof-' peds. The cattle on this ifland were computed to amount to 10,000, (we fuppofe he means horned cattle) all per- fedtly white except their ears ; befides which there were hogs and poult^ without number. The cattle and fowls were fo fat, that the men could run them down, and were under no ncceflity of fhooting them. Their flefh is well tafted, and very eafy of digeftion. About the beginning of the prefent cehtur>', this ifland was laid to conuin at leaft 30,000 inhabitantA, . when a dreadful mortality raging among them, pro- digious numbers died, and the calamity prevailing Vith equal violence in the iflands of Kota and Guam, the Spaniards obliged thofe that remained at Tinian to remove to Guam, in order to make good the deficiency by the number of the fouls that had periflied in that illaml ; fmce which time, Tinian has been wholly un- inhabited. The ruins of the buildings in Tinian, fome of which are of a particular form, evince it to have been once a p(^ulous place. The ifland of Rota has not any thing in it that demands particular attention. Its chief produce is rice, which is cultivated by a few Indians, who live there undifturbed, but arefubjedt to theSpanifh governor. Though the other iflands are uninhabited, they are in general exceeding fertile, the air good, and the climate temperate. They alfo produce plenty of provifions ; but they are feldom vifitcd, on account of the great io- conveaience arifing from the want of water for anchor.* age. Commodore BYRON's VOYAGE— for making Difcoveriei in the Southern Ocban, &c. 947 age. tge. Tlnian is more commodioui in thii p«riicular, but eren there it it very unfafe from June to CXitober. In the month of Scpfcinbcr, the Tamnr, one of Com- modore Byron's fliips. met vith an accident, that «a» attended with fatal confeouenccs to two of her belt feameni (he had, as ufual. rent her boat onlhore, when the furf fuddenly rofc fo high as to fill the boat with water, by which meana the men were dalhcd agamft the fteep craggy rocks near the fliore, and two of them drowned 1 and the reft who were lix in number, with great difficulty efcaped fuffcringthe fame fate, byfwim- ming to (horc, they being frequently repelled by the unuiual fwell which prevailed at that time. Several other iflands have lately been difcovered to theeaftward of the Philippines) and from them called the New Philippines, of which father Clan, in a letter from Manila (mferted in the Philofophical Tranfac- tions) gives the following ;:ccount : that he happening to be at the town of Guivana, in the ifland of Samar, found JO palars, or inhabitants of certain newly dif- covered iflands, who were driven there by the callcrly winds which blow in thofe feu from December to May. They had run before the wind for 70 days to- gether, according to their own relation, wit.iout being able to make any land till they came in fight of Guivam : they were 35 pcrfons, and embarked in two boats, with their wives and children, when they firft came out, but feveral pcriflicd by the hardfhips they underwent in the voyage ; they were under fuch a confternation when a man from Guivam attempted to come on board them, that all the people which were in one of the veffcls, with their wives and children, jumped over board ; however, they were atJencth perfuaded to fteer into the harbour, and they landed the 28th of December, 1696. They eat cocoa-nuts and roots which were brought them very freely, but would not touch boiled rice, the com- mon food of the Afiatics. Two women, who had formerly been call on fliore from the fame iflands, were their interpreters ; they related that their country con- fifled of 12 iflands, and by the form of their veflcls and fails their country fcemed to be in the neighbour- hood of the Mariana's, or Ladrone Iflands 1 they re- lated that their country was exceeding populous, and that all the iflands are under the dominion of one king, who keeps his court in the ifland of Lamaree: the natives go half naked, and the men paint and ftain their bodies, making feveral forts of figures upon them, but the women and children are not painted; the com- plexion and fliape of their face is much like thofe of the tawny Philippines or Malaycs : the men wear only a cloth about their loins which covers their thighs, and another loofe about their bodies which they tic before. There is littlo difl^crencc betwixt the drcfs of the men and women, but that the cloth which covers the wo- men hangs a little lower on their knees 1 their language is different both from the people of the Philippines and the Ladrone Iflands, and comes nearefl to that of the Arabs : the woman that feem molt conflderable among them, wear necklaces, bracelets, and rings of tortoifefliell. They fubiifted themfelves all the time they were at fea with the fifh they catched, in a kind of wicker baflict with a great mouth, ending in a point, which they hauled after them ; and their drink wa* rain water, which they happened to be fupplied with : they have no cows, or dogs, in their iflands, and they run away at the the fight of the one, and the barking of the other ; neither have they any horfes, deer, cats, or any four tooted beads whatever ; or any land fowls but hens, which they breed up, and never eat their eggs: they were furprizcd at the wnitenefs of the Europeans, having never feen any people of this complexion, as they were at their manners or cufioms : it does not ap- pear that they have any religion, nor do they ufc any let meals, but eat and drink whenever they arc hungry or ihirfty, and then but fparingW. They falute any one by uking him by the hand or foot, or gently ftroaking hit face : among their tools thay have a faw made of a bi^c fliell, (harpened with a flone, having no iron or other metals in their country ; and were furprifed to fee the many ;ooU ufcd in building a fhip. Their arms are lances or darts, headed with human bones and flwrpenedi They feem 10 be a people of much lite and courage, but of a peaceful diipofition 1 and are well proportioned, but not of a large fize. We now pro* ceed with the narrative of our voyage> On Monday, the (oth of September, after having been at the ifland of* Tinian nine weeks, we found our lick pretty well recovered i and this day the tents were ordered to be firuck, and to be brought, with the forge and oven on board the fhips. We alio laid in two thou- fand cocoa-nuts, and a quantity of limes, for the ufc of the feamen, the Commodore having experienced them to be cflkacious antidotes againfl the fcurvy. On Tuef.* day, the 1 ft of Oiflobcr, we weighed, and failed from Tinian and the reft of the Ladrone iflands. Havini^ finilhed our bufincfs on which we were fent, by the dis- covery of thofe iflands in the South-Seas, according to our original dei\ination, we bent our thoughts to- wards returning home, and it was propofed, fliould wc be fo fortunate as to find the N. E. monfoon fet -n, be- fore we flwuld get the length of the Baflie iflands, to touch at Batavia, which our Commodere preferred to any port of China for recruiting his fliips, he being de- tcricd from touching at the latter, and particularly at Canton, bythebafcand ungenerous ufagc which Lord Anfon received there, after a voyage of much longer du- ration, and attended with a ferics of the mofl dreadful diflreircsandniisfbrtunes.thatcallcdrorpityandafiiflancc. We had very little wind this day and the next, till tho evening, when it came to the wcftwa d and blew frefli. Ontiicjrd, in the mornin^' wc Itood to the northward, and made the ifland of Anatacan, remarkably high, and the fame that was firft fallen in with by Lord Anfon. On the loth, we obferved in latitude 18 dog. 33 min. north, and in i;j6 deg. 50 min. caft longitude. On Fri- day, the 1 8th, feveral land birds were fcen about the fhips, which appeared to be very much tired : a vciy remarkable one was caught; it was about the fize of a goofe, and all over as white as fnow, except the legs and beaks, which were black : the beak was curvra, and of fo great a length and thicknefs, that it is not eafy to conceive how the inufcles of the neck (which was about a foot long, and as fmall as that of a crane) could fupport it. We kept it alive about four months upon bifcuit and water, but it then died, apparently for want of nourifliment, being almoft as light as a bladder. It was very difTcrent from every fpccies of the toucan that is rcprefented by Edwards; and, in the opinion of our Commodore, has never been defcribed. Thefe birds appeared to have been blown off fome ifland to the northward, that is not laid dow 1 in the charts. On Tuefdav the 22nd, at fix o'clock A, M. the northernmoft of the ikflie iflands, being Grafton's, bore fouth, dif- tant fix leagues. We proceeded without touching at this place, which was propofed, and ftf'^.ed weftward again. By our reckoning, which however the experi- ence of Captain Gore has fincc difproved, it lies in la- titude 21 deg. 8 min. north, and in 1 18 dcg. 14 min. caft longitude, The principal of thefe iflands are five in number, but we were induced not to touch at any one of them, on account of the dangerous navigation front thence to the flraits of Banca. On the 24th, we were inhtitude 16 deg. 59 min. north, and 113 deg. i min. call longitude. We therefore kept a good look-out for the Triangles, which lie without the north end of the Prafil, and occafion a moft dangerous Ihoal. On tho 3Gth, we found ourfelves in latitude 7 deg. 1 7 min. north, and in 1 04 dee. aimin. eaft longitude. This day we obferved feveral large bambcxM floating about the fhip. On Saturday the 2nd of November, we found by ob- fervation, our latitude to be 3 deg. 54 min. north, lon- gitude 103 deg. 20 min eaft; and on the 3rd, wc came in fight of the ifland of Pulo Timoan, bearing S. W, by W. diftant about twelve leagues. On the jtli, we anchored in a bay on ihe eaft fide of the ifland, in fix- teen fathoms water, and at about the diftance of two miles from the fltore. On Wedncfday the 6th, we landed, in hopes of procuring frefh provifions, but found the inhabitants, who are Malays, a furly infolcnt fet of people. On feeing us approach the fhore, they came ,'!'': , I' ) r ■{I.- 1 \i 1' #■ came down to tb«: beach in grea nuniben, each man havingalong knife in one hand, a fpcar hcadtd with iron in the other, ami a dagger by hisi lidc. Notwith- Randing thcfc hol\ilc appearances, we landed, but could only purchafc about a dotcn of tuwU, a suat, and a kid ; fofr which wc /itfered them knivtH, hatchets, lUUhooki, and the like, which they rct'ufcd w ith ^rcat lontenipt, and demanded rupees in pauncnt. Having none ol° thcli* pieces, \vc were at a lols how to |>ay for what we had purchafed, but recollecting we had Ibmc pocket handkerchiefs, they accepted of them, though they took only the bc(K Thcfc |x:opIc are well nude nut fmali in (laturc, and of a dark c()i)pcr colour. There wai among thcman oldman.dreflcd fnmeuhat in the fafliion of the Perfians, but all the icft were naked, except fome pieces of cloth, whiihwcrc faftcned with filver clafps round their wailh; and they wore kind of tur- bans, made up of hamlkcnhicfs, upon their heads. We law not any of their women, whom they probably took care to keep out of our light. Their houfes arc neatly built of Hit b.miboo, and raifed upon pillars about ci^ht feet from the ground. Their boats arc of an admirable go.'d conllruCtion, and Ihinc of them of large dimenftons. In thefe they probably trade to Ma- lacca. This illand is mountainous, woody, and pro- dQccsthe cccoa-niit, and cabbage tree, in great abund- ance! but the natives would not permit us to have any of their fruit. We faw alfo fome rice grounds; but what may be the other produdions of this illand we cannot fay. In the bay is excellent filliing, though the furf runs very high. We hauled our fcync with great fucccfs, but could cafily perceive that by fo doing we oflended the inhabitants, who conddcrcd all the filh about the illam) ns their own property. Two "line ri- vers run Hitoihis bay, and the water is excellent; wc tilled as many calks with it as loaded the boats twice. Some of the natives brought down to us an animal, which had the body of a hare and the legs of a deer. One of our officers bought it ; and wc would have kept it alive, had it been in otir power to have procured pro- per fuftcnanccj but this being impoiliblc, it was killed, and wc found it excellent fixid. We liaid here only two nights and one day, and all the time, had the mol> violent thunder, lightning, and rain wc had ever known. This illand of PuloTimoinlicsoli" the eallcrn coaflof the pcninfula of Malacca, in latitude 3 dcg. 12 min. north, longitude 105 dcg. 40 min. eal>. Finding that nothing more was to be procured at this place. On Thurfday the 7th, in the morning wc fet fail, and after arriving in the latitude of Pulo Condone, we h.id nothing but tornados, and tcnipclhious weather. On the loth, at fcven o'clock A. M. the call end of Lingcn bore S. W. by W. diltant twelve leagues. At noon we anchored with the kcdgc in twenty fathoms; and at one o'clock P. M. we faw a fmall illand, which bore S, W. half S. diflant ten leagues. On Monday the I ith, we weighed, and, having made fail, we dcfcricd fome fmall iflands, which we luppofed to be Dominet, bearing W. half N.diftant fcven leagues. At noon by obfcrvation wc found our latitude to be 1 8 min. fouth. On the 1 2th, at ten o'clock A. M. wc faw a fmall Chincfcjunk; and on the 13th, a fmall illand, called Pulo Tote. At four o'clock, P. M. we came to an an- chor, and faw a fmall (loop about four miles diftant from us, which hoifted Dutch colours. In the night wc had violent rain with hard fqualls. On Thurfday the 14th, wc weighed, and at nine o'clock A. M. made fail. The vclTcl we had feen the day before ftill laying at vnchor, we fent a boat with an officer to fpcak with her: the officer was received on hoard with great civi- lity ; but w a& njuch furpri/ed at finding, that he could not make hinifclf underftood, for the [>cople on board were Malays, without a lingle white man among them; they made tea for our men unuicdiotely, and m every refpciit behaved with great hofpitality. This veflel was of a lingular form ! her deck was of flit bamboo, and flic was Itcored, not by a rudder, but by two large pieces of timber, one upon each quarter. This day the wind became more moderate and variable from N. N. W. to W. S. W. On the 1 5th, wc fgr fad. and at two o'clock 4 the VV () R L I> C o m i- l k 1 1 P. M. Monopin hill bore S. by 1''.. diilant ten league*, having the appearance iila fmall illand. It Ixar* b. by W. fr(Mii the i( ven iflandi, md in dillai\t from tlicin fe« ven leagues, in the latitude of two dcg. fuuth. Fioiii thcfevcn illar "i wc ftccrcdS. W. by S. ami foon after faw (he coall of Sumatra, bearing from W. S. \V. to W. by N. dil^ant fcven leagues. In the evening we an- chored; andonthe i6ih,at fiHir A.M. wc continued our courfe .S. by E. till the peak of Monopin Hill bore call, and Uatacarai.g Point, on the Sumatra llore S. W. in order to avoid a flioal called Krederii k Hendrick, which lies nearly midv«ay between the Iknca and Su- matra fliorc. Wc then II cored V. S. !•'.. and kept mid- channel, tofliun the banks of Palamb.im River, and that which lies ot)° the weflernii>n point of Hanea. When abreall of Palambain River we regularly ilioaled our water, and when wc had pallid it, wc deepened it again. We held on our courfe L. S. K. Utween the third and fourth points of Sumatra, which arc aliout ten Uagiica dillant frcin each other. The liijih land of (^eda Banra appeared over the thiid point of Sumatra, bear- ing 1'^. S. 1£. From the third point ;i) the (leoiui, the courfe isS, E, by .S. at the dillaiU ot ilt\cn l(;i|.;iies. The high lanil ut Queda Bama, and the Ici oiul jioinc uf Sumatra bearF". n7i£. and VV. S. W. fioiu each other. The llrait is live leagues "ver, and the mid tliannel is twenty- tour •'a'hnms. .\t lix o'clock in the evening, we anthored; and at five in the morning on the 17th, wc weighed, with a moilertue gale at well. On Tucf- day, the lath, we met with an FnglHli Ihow, belonging to the F".alt Fndia Company, whole Captain with great gcneroiity, pi''fentcd our Cominmloic with a flicep, a do/cnof fowls, and a turtle. Tliis was a moll atiept- able prcfent, t()r we had now nothing to cat but the Ihip's proviiions, which were become siry bad. Our beef and pork Hunk intolerably, and our bread was rot- ten and full of worms. In the afternoon wc anchored. and fent a boat to found for the (lioals which lie to the northward of Lalipara. which illand bore from us S. E. by S. diftiint fix leagues. On the 20th we worked between the Ihoals and the coaft of Sumatra, and hav- ing got through the ftratt, well known to navigators, on the 27th, we ftcercd between the illands of Edam and Horn, and entered the road of Uatavia, where wc an- chored without the (hipping. On Wedncfday the 18th, we moored nearer the town, and falutcd the fort with eleven guns, w hich were re- turned. We here obfcrvcd, that.fince our leaving Eng- land, we had lofl: a day in our reckoning, by having (\ccred weltward a year; fo that by the Dutch account this day was the 29th of November, Wc counted in this road more than one hundred fail great and fmall; among which was an Englifli (hip from Bombay, alfo the Falmouth man of war, which wc found condemned and lying alhore, and all the men cleared for England, except the warrant officers, who were left here till the Lords of the Admiralty (hould think proper to recall them. A Dutch Commodore belonging to their com- pany is always Rationed here, who in the eyes of his countrymen is a perfon of very great confequcnce. He thought fit to fend his cockfwain. a very dirty ragged fellow, who aflted the Commodore many irnpcrtiiunt ((uenions, as whence we came, ficc. at ths fame timu pulling oat a book, pen, and ink, in order to fet down the anfwers ; but our gentlemen being impatient to favc him any more trouble, dclircd him mimediatcly to walk over thclhip's lidc, and put off his boat, with which he was gracioufly pleafed to comply. The Commodore went on (hore, and vifited the Dutch Governor m his country -houfe, by whom he was received with great po- litencfs, and told, that he might take a houfc in any part of the city, or be lodged at the hotel. Any inhabitant of Batavia permitting a (Granger to ilecp, though but for a fingle night in his houfe, incurs a penalty of 500 dollars: the hotel being the only liccnfed lodging- houfe, the governor appoints the keeper of it, who was at this time a Frenchman. This hotel is the mod fu- pcrb building in the city, having more the air of a pa- lace than an inn. During our Itay at this place, wc were fupplied with good greens, fmits of all kinds, and plenty Commodore BYRON « VOYAGE— lew miki»« Difiovcrio* in tlw Son ihumn Ocbak, Lc. 249, fieatf ol' frelli iiicat: \vu ttiok alio on Ixurcl 4 ^rrai quantity of water, ac the rate Of five HiillliiH'. * Icajjir. or a hundred and filry uallom. A fliip ol four hun- dred and fifty torn, built at Uomhay. «a» emptoycJ in caulking the Dolphin, andpayinghcr bottom and tiiku with varniQi. when we arrived heir. \\c h;ul not imc man fick in cither lljip»i but knowing Batavia tit lie more unhealthy than any other |«rt of the liall Inilics, and a* the rainy feafon wa» at hand, and our men ( onld procure arrack at a very low rate, it wai »br thcfc rcii- ton> reiblved to make our ftay at fliort as pofliblc : how- ever, we had an opportunity of enquiring into ihc (late of thin country, and wc hope the following pariitular account of what wc learnt wili not be difikgrccablc to uur friends and readers. The illand of Java, the capital whereof is Batavia, lies lix degrees fouth of the line, and is diviiicd from Su- matra, difiant therefrom five fcaguci, by the ftraits of Sunda. It i» fuppofed to be 420 miles in length ex- unding almoft due caft and weOj but its breadth, which IS hardly any where more than 1 50 milus, is dif- fcrrni in different places. On the north coatt of Java are fevcral g«xxl harbours, conrmodious creeks, and UourifliinK towns, with many iOands near the fliore. Though Java is fituated fo near the ciiuator, few climates arc more temperate .ind healthful a' particular fcafons, the call and weft winds blowing all the year all along the Ihoic, bcfulcs the general land and fca-breezes, but in the month of DcccMiber the coall is very dangerous, on account of the violence of the weuerly winds. In February the weather is changeable, with ftorms of thunder and lightning: and in Mav the rains are fome- timei fo violent, for three or four days together, t!:;it all the low countries arc laid under water: oiu- git.it con- venience attends this di/agreeable circumliance, which is that of dedroying infinite broods of infeds, that would otherwifc dellroy the fruits of the earth. Their fiigar and rice ripen in July and Otitober, which months not only furnidithc inhabitants with all kinds of fruits, but with every neccflary and luxury of life. The land, which is very fertile about the fca-coad, is finely divcr- lified with hills and valleys, which, near Batavia, is highly improved by rich planutions, fpacious canuls, and whatever can add to the charms of a country natu- rally plcafant and agreeable. But the Dutch have made a very inconfiderablc progrefs in the cultivation of the country beyond the neighbourhood of that city. the entrance to the inland parts being almoft every where obi) ruded by inipaflablc forefts.orby mountains, whofe heads fccm to touch the clouds. Java produces a great variety of fruit : there arc here cocoa trees in abundance; and in the plains is found a tree, whofe fruit is called jamboos, the juice whereof is ufed by the na- tives as an infallible remedy againft the flux, which often rages with great violence. The Indian forrel, which has no refemblance to that in England, is eaten by the inhabitania !" larr; quantities with their faladi, a id its leaves mixed with faw-diiflof fandal wood is ufcc as a certain cure for the tooth-ach. Their fruits are, in ge- neral, very rich, particularly their pompions, the inv dc of which are red, and taftc not unlike our cherrii s. With refpedt to their fliapc, they bear the ncareft refem- blance to an orange, but arc of a much larger fize; a lingle one fometimes weighing eight or ten pounds. This fruit, if left on the tree, continues in perfection all the year round, and when gathered, will, with care,, keep foMT or five months. Wc thought them fo excellent, that we brought many of them to England. The mango fruit rites from a white flower that grows on the finall twigs of a tree, every way as large as our Englilh oaks. Pepper and coffee alfo grow in the country, and ac a fmall diilancc from Bauvia are fcveral plantations of fugar canes, from which is made a confiderablc {Quantity of fucar. What is here called the Indian oak, isas durable as any that can be found in Europe, the wood being of fuch a confiAence. as to be proof ■gainftthe worms, and, what is more, againft the mict, which will gnaw a paffage through almoft every other fort of wood. The leaves of this tree boiled in water, till one half of them ii confumed, is, among the natives. No. 3.0. tli( general tciiicdv a^v.iinll pknnl ei, In (1 ort we were tiilU, thutaliiioll all loriH ol ^aiJui Ihitf ihiivc fn Ua-* tavin, iiiiil th:u rhofc brou^jht not only from Surat and IViiia, I'lic Iruin Kuiope, yield mar that city a great in- cicale, lo that their kifhen };ardrns produce (icafcand bcanv u i[h routs and herbs futlicicnt finr the confump- liiinor ihL- jnhabitHncs: however rice is the only com that j^ti»tt!i in the illanJ. Ihc woods and fiiirlls of Jjv.i al ouiul with a pru«Ji)>ioui variety of wild beaft*^ ns iluiioecrofcs, tygcrs, lokcs, biiftiiloes, apes, wllot hurles, jackals, and crocodiles. Their cows are nearljr* ns lar^'.c as ours in England, and have generally two or three calves at a time : their Iheepare alfo nearly of the li/e of ours. 1 hey hjvc likewile a prodigious number of ho^s whofe fleftj is eftefmcd excellent, and far pre- ferable to beef or mutton. Here arc a variety of fowls, partieiilarly partridges, pheafants, wood-pigeons, wild piaeotks, and bats fo large, that the body of ohl- of ihcmis us big as that of a rat, and their wings vilun extended reach at leaft three feet, from the extremity of one to that of the other. With refpcd to reptiles, they have many that are very pernicious, particularly fcor- pions, among which we faw feveralthat wcic at leaft a quarter of a yard in length 1 but thofe of a fmaller fize are fo common, that it is hardly pofliblc to remove a cheft, a looking.glafs, or a large pidlure, without find- ing them, and being in danger of fullering b\ their fting. 'I he fame creature fmothcrcd in oil, and ap- plied to the wound is a general remedy againft their noilon. IJelidcs thefe, there arc a great number of rn.ikcsof illlirrent lizcs, from one loot in length to ten. Among a variety of valuable animals ufc fill to man, there arc none more plentiful than fifti, of which there ;irc many kinds, and very good, as alfo a great number of turtle. 'I he illand of Java was formerly divided into fevera! petty kingdoms, which arc at prefcnt united under the jurifdiiiiion of the king of Bantam, who is in the pof^ ItfTionof ihceaftcrn part of the ifland, as the Dutch are of thcwcflcrn, and fone parts of the coaft. The iwtivcs of Java are, according to the Dutch, not only proud beyond meafurc, but (killed in all the arts of im- pofture. 1 heir faces are Hat and of a brow n caft, with ftnall eyes, like theantient Chinefe, from whom they boaft their original dcfcent. The men, who are ftrong and well proportioned, wear round their bodies a piece of calico, which among the more wealthy is flowered with gold. The women arc in general fmall of ftaturc, and have a piece of calico, which re.nchcs from their arm-pits to their knees. The principal part of them, cfpcciallv thofe near the coaft, arc Mahomcdans, and the reft t'agans. In the weftern part of the ifland arc many towns, and in the eallern, the cities of Balambuan and Mataram are thofe in which the king of Bantam relides, who is fliled the Emperor of Jai/a, Batavia was formerly no more than an open village inhabited by Pagans,andrurroundedby a palifado of bamboos; but •fince the Dutch have eftablifhed a fcitleinent. it is be- come one of the fineft cities in the Indies. It lies in c deg. 50 min. fouth latitude, and is watered by many fmall rivulets which unite into one ftrcnni, befoic they difcharge thcmfclves into the fea. The city is of a triangular form, fortified with a ftone wall that has twenty-two baftions. and four great gates, twt) of which arc exceeding magnificent. The harbour is very capa- cious, being large enough to contain a thoufand vciftis in perfect fccurity from the violence of the winds. It is ftiui up every night with a chain, through which no fhipcanpafs without permi<7ion,and paying a fixed duty to enforce which ordinances it is guarded by a ftrone party of foldiers. The ftreets run in right lines, and are moft of them thirty feet broud, and paved' with brick near the houfes. Fifteen of the ftreets have ca- nals of water running through them, and over one of thofe canals arc four ftrong bridges, each confifting of four arches twelve feet broad : but in the city there arc fifty-fix bridges, b«fides many draw-bridges without the walls. The ftreets are fo crowded, that from four in the morning till late at night it is difficult to pafs through them, on account of the concourfe of people i ^ ' continually I m if •59 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD CoMrtBTK. v! ^ ... ? I I II il eoncinually enipacd in burinrfi. Wc may obfcrvc of tin public builaingt, (hat (he (.liincre htirpital ia a neat ftniAure, Aipportnl by a tax laid on iivarriagis, buritU, and public fhcwi, at well ai (he voluntary ron> tributian of the Chinerc-mcnhant*. In the fame ftrcet li • feundling-hoTpiul, and alfo a buiUlina, in which art lodged all the artisana in the Duuh l<.a(t-lmiia Com. ^ny'a fcrvicc. The company have likawife a grra( fope^yard, (hat employi a conliilcrahlt* nuntbcr ot'(hc poorer Ton of people, who work iimler (he (hade of (he nut-^rcea planted on each tide. Tu the weft end of thia yard are the company's warehoufct, for mace, cinnJinKin, clovea, and other coinmoiiitiei. In (he c*n\t, which ii of a quadransular (igurr, built u^mn a lla(, arc apartmanti for all the mcnilKm ol the council of the Inaiei. The palace it within the walU of the caflle, and ii appropriated to the ul'r of the ^rovi-rnor. It ii built wim brick, but is cxtrrincly mugniiicent, aod loftier than the other buildinp of the city. On the top of the turret bc'onging to the palace, ii placed an iron fliip curioufl^ wrotight, for the nurpnlc of a weathercock, which » fo large that it may no fcen fttme leagues out at fca. Round the city forts are ereClcd, to proteifl the inhabitants of the plain from the incur- Sons of the original natives, who before thev were crcAcd, frequently came down upon the peo()le, and plundered their plantations. Among the principal public buildings are a very handfomc town-noule i a fpinhuyS( or noufe of correction; alfo four or five cnurches for the Dutch QilvaniOst bcfides a great number of religious ftrudures for the ufc of pcrfons of other religions. The garrifun coniilh of foot i and there is a troop of horfc, as a guard for the company'it poircfTions Mgcd in the city: thcfc men are of good feature, and when drawn up in their uniform, make no defpicable appearance. The inhabitants of Batavia are a compound of various Nations, among whom the Dutch arc the moll power- ful and wealthy. Next to thcfc are the Chincic, who •re, perhaps, the mod ingenious cheats in the world. They farm the excife and cuftoms, and indeed arc fure to be concerned in every thing from which they have a chance of deriving the lead profit. They live under t governor of their own, and drefi in the fame manner as thofe in China t but wear their hair long and neatly braided, paying, in this lad circumftance, no manner of regard to the Tartarian edi zens, (snon of whpm keep their carriages, it being almoin a difgrare to be fcen on foot) where they fpenJ as much of their time as pofTible, the (huation being Icfs unwholefome than the city, which it built on ^ fwamp I and the trees, though they have a plcafant ap- pearance, mull undoubtedly prevent the noxious vapours that are perpetually ariting, from bcingdifperfed, by nbdruifling the circulation of the air. Thus wc have given a particular account of every thing wc faw in Hatavia worthy of obfervationi of which place the reader will find a (till more circumllantial, i'ull, and complete defcription, in the hillury of Capt. Cook's fird voyage, page 81 of thii work. We now prcpareil for our departure j and having fitted the lX>lphin, taken in our water, and a fuAiiicnt (lo«.k of frclh provilions, together with a quantity of rice and ar* rack, On Monday the loth of December, we weighed anchor, and fct fail with the Tamar in company, being falutcd, on our leaving the road, by the KngliOi fliip, the Dutch Comnxklure and the fort. We pafTed by the Thoufand Illands, which extend along the north, fide of Java, almoft to the weft point of New Guinea. Commodore Roggcwein failing through the midll of of them, and finding it impoflible to count them, gave them, wc are told, the general name of the Thouland Ifiand*. They are inhabited by a favagc people of a black coinplex ion, who arc almoin naked, ami thefe iflands arc famous ibr producing a beautiful kind of bird, known among us by the name of the bird of paradifc. We alfo pafTed by a multitude of other fmall illands, commonly called the Hed of Kofcs. After which we entered the Straits of Sunday, where the land on each fide is very high, both on the Ihore of the ifland of Sumatra, and that of Java, the palTage 'jctwcen which conOitutes the Straits of Sunila. The land of the laft mentioned ifland is very irregular, and the in- habitants extremely poor. They trafficked with us chiefly for old cloaths ; and we had an opportunity of fupplying ourfclves with a great quantity of the fine(t green turtle, fowls, and fruit of all kinds. The Com- modore bought for 10 rixdollars, as many turtle at weighed upwards of 1000 pounds weight, part of which he gave to our (hip's company, and alfo fcnt a part to that of the Tamar. On the i4xh, at fevcn in the evening, we came to an anchor on the north-fid^ of Prince's lOand, which lies within the fouth entrance of the Rraits, in order to recruit our wood and water. Wc found this ifland well flocked with provifions of all kinds, and particularly fowls. The inhabitanu are to all appearance free from the dominion of the Dutch ; though according to the accounts given by the natives, they often fall viftims to their unprovoked cruelties, as they fr quently fcize them, and reduce them to the condition of flaves ; and even fell thein in tife fame manner, as the negroes arc purchafed on the coafl of Guinea. We layoff this ifland till the 19th, during^ which time, we repaired an inaonfiderable damage the Dolphin had fuflained, by having had fome pieces of copper torn off the larboard bow, by the fmall bower ancnor. This done, and having taken in as much: wood and water as wc could flow, we weighed, .ind, working to the windward, before night got without. Java Head. By this time a putrid fever raged among our crew, whereof three of our hands died, and many others lay in fo dangerous a condition that wc had littlc hopcs of their recovery. On the 25th, being Chriflmas. day, our people were in high fpirits, and not a little troublefomc t but at this time wc had an accident which gave us fome concern. William Walter, a quarter gunner, was lining aflccp with a pipe in his mouth, and fell overboard ; when, nntwithnanding all peflibic means were ufcd to fave him, he was never fcen more. This unfortunate man was a very good, feacnan, and univerfally refpedled by the officers and all on board. OnMonday the I oth of February, at . p, .^ fix o'clock, A. M.wc came in fight of ^' "' •'"'*• the coaft of Africa, in latitude 34 dra. 1$ min. fouth, and in 31 deg. 4$ min. eftfl longitude. On the 12th, at three P. M. ^c made land to the eallwai'd of Cape d'Aguila^, CoMMODOiit BVRON'i VOYAGE— for making DU'covcrJei to the SouTMsaN Ociax.^c. a.n 1766. lin. fouth, Ithc 1 2th, 1 of CajK i'Aguilas d'Asuilai. but had comrary wiiwl* for fcveral davi fqShcr. From henr « the coalJ lie. VV. N. W. to t^c Cape of Gootl Hope, diftam about 30 Icaipici. ()n the I ith. we pafTed between Penipiln llland and Oreen litch ftiipa and Indlamcn, bound for lurope: In thii bay the S. E, wind blew fo ftrong. ai to oblige ui to lie with our yardi and top-maft« ftruck 1 andltwa* fometimci with the greateft difficulty that our boat* rca'-hed the (hore, through the violmce of the fqualls. whin at particular timea are here fo great, at to drive fl»ip» fron» their anchor* out to fca. On o«jr entering the bay we faluted the fort, which compliment watidimediatcly returned 1 and on Friday the 14th, the Commodore waited upon the governor, who fent hi* coach and fix to the water, fldc to receive him. The Cape i» a moft excellent place for ftiip* to touch at 1 it it a healthy climate, a rtne country, and abounda with rcfrefhmcnw of every kind. The i ompany'i garden it a delightful foot, and at the end of it it a paddock be- longing to tne governor, in which are kept a great number of very curious animalt 1 among other* were three tine oftrichet, and four zebrai of an uncommon fi7.e. The fquare, in which the old governor livet, it encompaflcd by many other grand buildings, bclkltt what is appropriated to the ufe of thai great orticer, who here appears with the dignity of a prince. Our Com- modore during his ftav, refided in ahoufe adjoining to the govcmor's, where he had a xntinal always at the door, and a fencant who atten' -d hii' whenever he went abrrod. In the middle o( ':his fquare is a very fine foimtain, which fupplies thi greatcit part «.f the town with water. The officera of both '>iips r -dcd chiefly at Mr. Prince's, and as for a long time v.e had enjoyed no recreation, we now f^-.-nt our ti' c very agreeably. The people alfo on board hac^ all leave to g») on (hore by turns, and they always contrived to get completely drunk with cape wine before they returnee This was chiefly owing to the civility of the inhabifants, whoai they depend on the foreign (hips who u-ut ' here, think it their intcreft to behave with go » J ma ng hair. The bul- locks are large, and ufed for the inoft part in teams, for which they arc preferred to horfes ; eight or ten of them being harneiTcd together, and conduAed by a (lave, who goes before to guide them. The horfct are iinall, but very fpiritcd : an'i we were told an odd cir- ciiindance concerning them. ' .> h is, that they are never known to lie down but v..:: ck, and that this is an infallible fign by which their owners know when they are out of order. With refpcct to the country in general, it is fituatcd in35 deg. of fouth k..Liide,and in a temperate climate, where the extreme"- .>f heat and cold arc equally un- known. It al . u ids with the moil beautiful landdapes, the (kirts effhc mountains being interfperfed with lofty groves of the fined trees, and the valleys and plains con- ViR of deluhtful meadow lands, adorned with a variety of the rooff beautiful flowers, that fill the air with their fragrance. The land alfo produces the fineft vegetable Erodudlions, and thericheh fruits, while mo(\ of thofe rought from the Eaft and Wed Indies, fiouridi here as well as in their native foil. One of the moft beauti- ful, and a native, is the aloe, of which arc many fora, fcen not only in the gardens of the company, but in the clefts of the rocks, and, it it faid, that throughout the year, one fort or other is continually in bloom. The Indian gold-tree islikewifca remarkable curiofity.havinggold. coloured lcave9lpe<;kled witb red, with fmall grcenifh 4 blonbm*. Ilereare alfo numbers of quince-trees, whofc fruit is faid to be nut only larger, but belter than the quinces of any other country in the known woild. I'hc Dutch have difcovered fcveral excellent methods of prefcrvina them, and not only make great quantities of mannalaae for their own ufe, but fell it to the (hipa that touch here for refrcdiments. No country abound* with a greater variety of animals. Among the wild bea(\t H re the elephant, the rhinoceros, and the buft'alo, with iiocM, tygers, leopards, wolves, wild dogs, porcii • pines, elks, ham, goats of various kinds, wild horfes, the lebra, and many othen. Among the moO extraor- dinary of thefc iaa fmall animal, fooKwhat larger than a fquirrel, with a head that has fome refemblance to that of a bear. It is called a rattlcmoufe, from its frequently nuking a rattling noife with its tail. This it nehher very hairy, nor very kmg. Its back is of a liver colour, and us fides nearly olack. It purs like a cat, and lives fur the moft part on trees, leaping like a fquirrel from one tree to another, feeding upon acorns, nuts, and the like. The feathered trilx are no Icfs numerous 1 for befides many of thofe known in Europe, here are olirichet much larger than thofe we law in the ftraits of Magellan, flamingoes, fpoon-bills, blue-birds, Sreen-peaks, the long-tongue and many others. The amingo is larger than a fwan, and a very ftately bird. Both the head and neck are as white as inow, and the latter is conliderably longer than that of a fwan. The bill is very broad, and black at the point, and the reft of it of a deep blue. The upper part of the wing- feathers are of a flame colour, and the lower black 1 but the legs, which are much longer than thofe of a ftork, are of an orange colour, ana the f2et refcmble thofe of a ooofe. Though th. y live upon fifti, their flefti is both wholefome, and well ufted. The green- peak is -U over green, except two red fpots, one on itf reaft, M.A another on its head, and is a very beautiful 'tird. K feeds on infeds, which it picks out of the I Ark of trees. The long-tongue is aoout the fize oi a bull-flneti, and his tongue is not only very long, but faid to I J)s hard as iron, and the end as ftiarp as the point O'^ needle t thia being a weapon given it by the authtn- of natu'e for its prciervation. The feathers on the bcllv are yelk^w, and the reft fpecklcd. At the Cape are alfo many < excellent fifti, a confiderable number of which arc comnwn in Europe, and others pediliar to thefe feu. The reptiles and inleifls are likewife extremely numerous, and among thefe are a variety of ferpents, fcorpions, and . fome centipedti. Thus to counterbalance the advantage this country affords, from the abundance of ufeful animals, there arc alfo thrown into the fcale many that arc prejudicial and extremely dangerous ; as if it was intended to (hew to man, that amidft the greateft bleftiiigs and advantages beftowed on one of the moft enchanting fpots in the univerfe, it was necefTary to mix a certain pro- portion of evil, to reduce it more to a level with thofe countries that are in fome refpedb left defirable. Both our (hip and the Tamar by this time had re- ceived a frefh fupply of wood, water, and all neccflary ftorcs, and being completely fitted for failing to our native country, on Thurfday the 6th of March, our Commodore took leave of the good old governor, and the next day we got under way, and failed with a fine breeze at S. E. On Sunday the i6th, at (ix o'clock, A. M. we faw the rocks off the ifland of St. Helena, bearing W. by N. dillant about eight leagues 1 and at 9oon, in 8 deg. 16 min. fouth latitude, we oibfcrved a ftrange fail which hoifted French colours, but in the evening ran her out of fight. We purfued our courTe without any thing material occurring till tlie soch,- when we were alarmed by the (hip's running foul of a whale or grampus, on which (he ftruck her head, and then her urbetrd bow. This put the Commodore and officers in no fmall conltcination, left the Dolphin (hould have fufl^ered from t ' olence of the ihOck, as we were at that time runm .1 the rate of iix knota an hour; however we found tiie (hock, though a rude one, auended with no bad confeqilence. We perceived the fea near the place vvhere the jbip ftrucx, tilled ttiOl :\ I', I 1 ' t';, ii i I" r 'M :a5« VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. Ir I w ith blooj, by which wc fuppofed the whale was killed, or at lean deeply wounded. On TucfdAy the 15th, we croflcd the equator, in longitude 17 dr|^. 10 tnin. and the next morning Captain Gumming of the I'imar, made the fignal to bring to, and cameon board the Dol- phin to inrorm the Comniadore, that the rudder braces were broke from the ftem>poft, whereby the rudder waa rendered intirel/ ufclefi: upon which the Corannodore Cent his carpenter with aflmants on board the Tanuir, who went to work upon a machine after the model of that which had been fixed to the Ipfwichv and Gntfton, e;u:h of which (hips, at dificrent tiinea, fteercd home from Lpuilbourg by the help of fuch a (tibftitute for a rudder. This machine was completed in about iix days, and received fomc improvements from the ingenuity of the conltrudor : but it was thought better to fend the Tamar to Antigua, in order to rent; accordingly on the til of April, the Tdmarpartcd company with the Dol- phin, fleering for the Caribbee iflands. In their paf- fage they found the difference of failing with: the ma- chine, to be only about five miles in forty-eight hours. After the departure of the Tamar, which was the firft time of our being feparatod wholly from her iincc our leaving England, and in latitude 34 deg. ndith, longi- tude 3 5 deg. well, wc had a nH>ft violent gale of wind, which drove us to the northward of the weftem iflands, and into latitude 48 deg. north, longitude 14 deg. weft. Wc came within two hundred leagues of the land, and fpokcwith fevcral (hips lately from England, who gave us very erroneous accounts of the bearing of the coafl. We had now a (Irong eaflerly wind, which lafled feveral days, and the weather appeared to us piercing cold, from our iiaving uecn, during fo long a time, ufed to a warm clinuue. However, wc at laft had a favourable wind, and on Thurfday, the 7th of May, faw the illand ^ of Sciliy. On the 9th, in the morning, we arrived in the Downs, where wccaft anchor > having been nine weeks' running from the Cape of Good Hope, and fumewh^t more than two and twenty months in the cir- cumnavigation of the globe. Thus ended a voyage, originally planned by his Ma- jefty, George the Third, and which produced thedif- covery of tnofe idands, that have lately engrofltKl the attention of the public. We have endeavourcoto defcribe them, and our courfes with accuracy, and with truth and authenticity, that mightJufUy be exp«fled from one who faw every i;hing of which we have given a defcrip. tion. By the afTiflance of divine providence, and the tcndrrnefs of our excellent Commodore, in caufing the crews to be fcrved with portable foup, and with the ' greated humanity diftributing prpvifions to the fick j from his own table, that dreadful difeafe the fcurvy was rendered Icfs inveterate andi fatal ; and we loft, including thole who were drowned, a verv inconlidetable number of men. a number fo inconfldcrablc, that it is highly probable, more of them would nave died, in the courle of a year, had they llaid on (hore. From our arrival at Spithead, till our leaving the fhip in the river, no boats were fuffered to come on bqard us, nor any anfwera to be given to enquirers, with refped to who we were, or from what port wc were come, Ca that a variety of conjediures were formed as to our late voya^. After having waited a few days, each man, according to the pronufe of the Commodore, received double pay for his ' fervices, and had an opportunity of enjoying thofecomv forts, which we, afceranab^nceof twenty-two months from our native country, might be fuppofed ardently to wiflifor. A NEW, ACCURATE, GENUINE and COMPLETE HISTORY of A VOYAGE Round the WORLD, PERFORIVIED By Captain SAMUfiL W ALUS, Efq. In his MAJESTY'S Ship the DOLPHIN; Having under his Command the Swallow iStoop and Princb Frederic Store-Ship, of which Mr. CARTERET and Lieuteitant BRINE were appointed Mailers: 1 UNDERTAKEN PARTICULARLY With a view to make Difcoveri^s in the SOUTH SEAS. Which remarkable circuit of the Globewas hemai on Friday, the 22nd of August 1766, and rompletedon Friday the 20th of May 1708, containing a Period of 637 Days, and included in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768. j i N T R O D iU C T I O N. NEVER was there perhaps colleded together in any language, a more copious fund of rational enter- tainment than will be found in this comprehcnflve and complete work, of which the prefcnt voyage ii a part. To trace the progrefs of the difcoveries that have fuc- cefTiVf^y been made, in pfling rouiid .the globe, mufl fill the /eadcrs mind with fuch a virictjt of new infor- mation, a> cannot fiiil to raife hit wonider, and cnteruin him with ineiprelTiblc delight. In the courfe of this >f^, to be made ac- quainted with the genius, the arts, the various purfuits, the cudoms, the manners, the religious notions, the dif- tiniflions of rank, and the fubordination that is to be met with among the people of various iflands and coun- tries, diftind from each other, and from us, in language, habits, learning, and ways of living. Who can read of the poverty and mifcry of the wretched inhabitants of Terra del Fuego, who have nothing but the fl mand, whofe mailer was lieutenant Brine. On the 1 9th of June, Capuin Wallis, having received his commillion, went on board the Dolphin, and the fame day hoifted the broad pendant, and began to enter feamcn ; but agreeable to his orders, he took no boys either for himlcif or any of his officers. The Dolphin being now Htted for her intended voyage, the articles of war, and the adl of parliament were read on board. On the 26th of July, flic failed down the river, and on Saturday the i6th of Augud, at eight o'clock, A. M. anchored in Plymouth Sound. On Tuefday the 19th, Captain Wallis received his failing orders, with inllruc- tions refpecting the Swallow Sloop, and the Prince Fre- derick florefliip ; and this day we took on board 3000 u'cight of ^rtable foup, and a bale of cork Jackets. Every part of the fliip was filled with (tores of various kinds, even to the flcerage and ilate room ; and an ex- traordinary quantity of medicines being provided by the furgeon, which confided of three large boxes, and thefe were put into the Captain's cabbin. On Friday the 22nd, at four o'clock, A. M. the Dolphin, (on board of which was our journalid) de- parted from Plymouth, in company with the Swallow and Prince Frederick ; and too foon, to our mortifica- tion, we found the Swallow to be a very heavy failor. On Sunday the 7th of September, we had a view of the iiland of Porto Santo, due well, and near noon came in light of the call end of the ifland of Madeira, .^t five we ran between this and the Deferters, and at fix anchored in Madeira Roa««, about a mile from the ihorc, in 24 fathoms water, with a muddy bottom. About eight the Swallow and Prince Frederick canK alfo to an anchor. I'hc next morning we faluted the governor with 13 guns, and the compliment was re- turned with an equal number. We failed fiom hence on the 1 2th, after having taken in beef, wine, and a large quantity of onions, as fea-ftores. On the i6th, when oti the ifland of Palma, failing at the rate of eight miles an hour, the wind ftiddcnly died away, and for two minutes the velFcl had no motion, though wc were at lead four leagues dillan' from the flwrc ; and we found the fliip 1 5 miles to the fouthward of her reckoning. Saturday the aoth, we caught eight bonettas, out of a great number which furrounded the fliip, and this day we faw two herons flying to the eaflward. The Swallow parted from us in the night, between the 21 fl and 22nd, and on Tuefday the 23rd, at noon, the ncarelt land of the ifland of Bonavifla bore from S. to W. S. W. and the eafl-cnd bore at the lame time well, diflant two leagues. We now thought it neccflary to found, and had only 15 fathoms, rocky ground; at the fame time we perceived a great rippling, occalioned, as we fap- pofcd, by a reel; alfo breakers without us, diflant about one league in the dircdion of S. E. We fleered between the rippling and the breaken, and the frince Frede- rick paired^very near the laft, in the S. E. but had no foundings ;" yet thefe breaktn are thought to bf dan- gerous. On Wedncfday the 24th, at fix o'clock, A M. the iflc of May bore W. S. W. diflant fix leagues , and foon after our confort, the Swallow, joined company again. At ten o'clock the weft end oi the ifland of May, one of the Cape de Verd Iflands, bore north, dif- unt five miles ; and at noon the fouth end of St. Jago bore S. W. by W. diflant four leagues. Between thefe two places we found a current, fetting to the fouth- ward, at the rate of 20 miles in 24 hours. At near four o'clock, P. M. we caft anchor in Port Praya, in com- pany with the Swallow, and Prinoe Frederick, in eight tathoms water, upon fandy ground. During the night we had much rain and lightning. On the 25th, we obtained leave from the commanding officer at the fortj to get water and other neccflaries. Thi.ofcd to be a prayer ; for he nuny times lifted up his hands and eyes to the heavens, and fpoke in a manner and tone very different from what we had obfervcd in the converfation of his countrymen. His oraifon feemed to be rather fung than faid, and we found it impoHiblc to diiHnguith one word from ano- ther. When the Capuin intimated that it was time for him to go into the Ixxit, he looked up at the fun, then moved his hand round to the weltem horizon, paufed, laughed, and pointed to the (hore, by which atflions, we eafily underAood, that he petitioned to (lay on board till evening : and wc took no linle pains to convince him, that wc could not continue fo long upon that part of the coad. At length, however, we prevailed upon him to go over the (hip's (ide with his companion, and as foon as the boat put off, they all began to fing, not ceafing till they reached the (hore, where many of their companions prefled eagerly to lie taken into the boat, and were highly a.fronted at Ixing refufed. Be- fore our departure we founded the ihoal, that runs out from the ix>int, and found it about three miles broad from N. to S. and to avoid the fame it is necelTary to keep four miles off the Cape, in i^ fathoms water. The fignal was now node for weighing, and at the fame tiitie the Swullow received orders to lead/and the Prince Frederick to bring up the rear. The wind bcin^ againll ui, and blowing frelh, we turned into the Strait of Magellan, with the flood tide, between Cape Virgin Mary and the Sandy Point that refemblei Dungenefs. At tlK diftance of two leagues, weft of Dungends, wc fell in with a (hoal, upon which, at half fkxxJ, we had but feven fathoms water. Between eight and nine o'clock in the evening, we came to an anchor, one league from the (hore, in 30 fiithom,' with a muddy bottom: Cape Virgin Mary bearing N. E, by E- Half E. Point Boffetrmn W. half S. didant five leagues. When abread of the Sandy Point, we faw many people on horfeback hunting the guanicoes, which ran up the country with prodigious fwiftnefs. The natives lighted fires oppolite the (hips, and about 400 of them, with their horfes feeding near them, were obfervcd encamped in a fine green valley. The guanicoes were purfued by the hunters, with (lings in their hands ready for the cad i but not one of them was taken while they ui-re within the reach of our fight. This being the fpoi where Commodore Byron faw the Patagonians, on the 1 8th, a party with fome officers were lent towards the (hore, but with orders not to land, as the (hips were too far off to adid them in cafe of neccHity. When they came near the land, many of the natives flocked to fee them, among whom m ere women and children,! and fome of the very men we had feen in the morning of the preceding day. Thefe waded towards the boat, frequently calling out, " Englidimen come on (hore," and were with dimculty redrained from getting into the boat, when they found our people would not land. Some bread, tobacco, and toys were didributed among them, but not an article of provifions could be ob- tained in return. We had got under fail about fix o'clock, A. M. and at noon there being little Wind, and the ebb running with grrat force, the .Swallow, who was a-head, made the fignal and came to an anchor j upon which we did the fame, and fo did the dore-fliip which was a-dern. On Friday the 19th, at fix o'clock, A. M. we weighed, the Swallow being a-hcad, and at noon wc anchored in PofTeffion Bay, having 12 fathoms water, bottom a clean fand. Point Poircflion bore ead didant three leag^ps : the Aflcs Ears wed ; and the entrance of the NarrowsS. W. half W. Upon the point we faw a great number of Indians, and at night, large fires on the (hore of Terra del Fuego. From this day to the 22nd, we made but little way, having flrong gales and heavy fcas. We now anchored in 1 8 fathoms, muddy bottom. The AlTes Ears bore N. W. by W. half W. Point PofFefnon N. !•". by E. and the point of the Nar- rows, on the fouth-Lide, S. S. W. didant nearly four leagues. In this (ituation, we found, by obfervation, our latitude to be 52 deg. 30 min. fouth, and our longi- tude 70 deg. 30 min weft. On the 23rd, wc got under way and made fail, but the tide was to drong, that the Swallow was fct one way, the Dolphin another, and the Pnnce Frederick a thiid. Wc had a fredi breeze, ncverthelefs not one of the vcfTels would anfwer her helm. However wc entered the fird narrow ; and at fix o'clock in the evening, we anchored on the fouth- (hore, the Swallow on the north, and the dore-(hip not a cable's length from a fand-bank, about two miles to the eadward. The drait here is only a league wide, and, at midnight, the tide being flack, we weighed and towed the diip through. On Wednefday the 24th, we dcered from the fird narrow to the fecond, S. W. and, at eight, A. M^ we anchored two leagues from the (hore. Cape Gregory bearing W. half N, and Swcepdakcs Foreland S. W. half W, On Thurfday the 2sth, we failed through the fecond narrow. In our run through this part ofthe drait we had 1 2 fiithoms within half a mile of the (hore. At five o'clock in the evening, the Dolphin fuddcniy (hoalcd from 1 7 to 5 fathoms, St. Bartholomew's Iffand then bearing S. half W. dillant four miles, and Elizabeth's Ifland, S. S. W. half W. didant fix miiei. The weather being tempedpous and rainy, at eight o'clock in the evening, wc cad anchor under Elizabeth's Iflahd ; whereon wc found great quantities of wild celery, which being boiled with portable foup and wheat, the crews breakfaded on it every morning for feveral days. On this ifland we ob- fervcd feveralhuts, and places where fires had been re- ccntly made, but none of the natives. We alfo faw two dogs, «nd trefli fliclh of mufcles and limpets (cat- tered I ! ) ^^ r 1 i i 'i 1 1 1 1 ji f^ *»*i ir» **i* T» * . *^. I—, ** ■ ' "PW ' ,;«3*. »',>. '!•;' iff . 'tTfr;- i'**^ I':., -. s ' '*V > ■ < .^nyf;.; .. . *^:r- rv;.ifmr%v^.-- ;«f- , p ;■'.•■' " P JW 1 ." I n il ii»ii I -rrj^ Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE— for making Difcoverics in the Soutmihn Ocean, &:c. 257 .MM^U'.. '*^.> H»-.. tered about. The wigwams confifted of younj; trees, which, being (harpencd at one end. and thrtiA into the ground, in fuch a manner as to form a circle, the other ends were brought to meet, and fadened together at the top. We (hw likewife man^ high mountains, which, though the midd of fummer m this part of the world, had their fummitt covered with fnow ; but about three parts of their height they were covered with wood, and above with herbage, excq>t where the fnoMr was not yet melted. On Friday the 26th, at two o'clock, A. M. we weighed ; and at five, being midway between Eli- zabeth's Ifland, and St. George's, we (truck the ground, but the next cad had no bottom with so fathoms. The Prince Frederick, who was about half a league to the ibuthward of us, had for a conliderable time not feven fathoms : the Swallow which was two or three miles to the fouthward had deep water, for (he kept near St. George's Ifland. We thmk it is fafeft to run down from the north-end of Elizabeth's Ifland, about two or three miles from the fliore, and fb on all the way to Port Famine. At noon, being three miles from the north- fliore, we found bv obfervationour latitude to be 53 deg. II min. fouth, longitude 71 deg. 20 min. wefl, from London. About four o'clock, we anchored in Port Famine Bay, and with all the boats out, towed in r'.ic Swallow and Store-fliip. On the 27th, the fick were lent on fliore. where a tent was ereded for their recep- tion, as was another for the accommodation of the fail-makers, and thofc who landed to get wood. This day, the weather being fqually, we warped the fliip far- ther into the harbour, and moored her with a cable each way in nine fathoms. Cape St. Anne now bore N. E. by E. diflant one mile, and Sedger River S. half W, On Sunday the a 8th, all the fails were unbent and fent on fliore to be repairrd j the empty calks were alfo landed, with the coopers to trim them, and ten men towafli and fill them. We alfo hauled the feine, and caught plenty of fifli rcfembling mullets, but the flefli vras very foft ; and among others were fmclts, fome of which weighed a pound and a half, and were 20 inches long. Indeed all the time of our flay at this ph.ce. we caught fifli cnouch to furnifli one meal a day both for the lick and the healthy : we gathered alfo great plenty of celery, and pea-tops, which were boiled with the pcafe and portable foup : befldes thefe we found fruit that refembles cranberries, and the leaves of a flirub (bmewhat like our thorn, which were remarkably four. When we arrived here, many of our people had the fcurvy to a great degree ; but by the plentiful ufe of vegetables, and bathmg in the lea, within a fortnight there was not a fcorbutic perfon in either of the fliips. Their recovery alfo was greatly promoted by the land air, and by beingobltged towafli their apparel, and keep their pcrfons clean. All hands were now employed in repairing the fliip and making her ready for the fea. To this end the Jorge was fet up on fliore ; and in the meantime a confldcrable quantity of wood was cut, and put on board the ftore-fliip ; and thoufands of young trees were carefully token up with the mould about them, to be carried to Falkland's Iflands, which pro- duce no timber. The Prince Frederick received orders to deliver thefe to the commanding officer at Port Egmont. and to (ail to that place with the (irft fair wind.' A. D.^ 1 767 ^" Wedncfday the 1 4th of January, the '" nufler of the cutter, which was vidualed for a week, was fent to look out for anchoring places on the iiorth-fliore of the ftrait 5 and this day we got all ourpeoplc and tents on board, having token in 75 tons of water, and 12 months of ptovifions for ourfclves, and- ten months for the Swallow, from on board the ftore-Oiip. On the 17th, the maftcr of our cutter re- turned with an account, that lie had found anchoring £*"?•»,*«* this day the Prince Frederick failed for Falkland's Iflaads. The mailer reported, that between *^ *« '•y ■«* C»pe Forward, he had been on fliore «t bur placet, where was good anchorage, and plenty of wood and water ckife to the beach, with abundance •fcnnbemea and wUd celery : that he had alfo feen a fiw numb* af cummt bufhcs fall of fruit, and a variety of beautiful flirubs in full bloIToni, bclidt., Prcat plenty of winter's bark, a grateful fpice, which we have already particularly dcfcribed. On Sunday the i8th, at five o'clock, A. M, we failed i and at noon, obforved in latitude 54 deg. 3 min. fouth; here we found the ftrait to be two leagues wide. On the 19th, we came to an anchor, half a mile from the fliore, near Cape Holland, oppofite a current of frelh water, that fails rapidly from the mountains. Cai^e Holland bore W. S. W. half W. diflant two miles ; Cape Forward eafl ; and bv obfervation our latitude was 53 deg. 3 8 min. fouth. As a more convenient anchoring place, and better adapted for procuring wood and water, had been difcovered, we made fail on the 22nd, and at nine in the evening, being about two miles diflant from the fliore, Cape Gallant bore W. half N. diflant two leagues ; Cape Holland E. by N. fix leagues ; and Ru- pert's Ifland W. S. W. At this place the flrait is not more than five miles over. On Fridaj^ the 23rd, we came to an anchor in a bay near Cape Gallant, in 10 fathoms water, a muddy bot- tom. The boats being fent out to found found good anchorage every where, except within two cables length S. W. of the (hip, where it was coral, and deepcneifto 16 fathoms. In this fituation the caft point of Cape Gallant bore S. W. by W. one fourth W. the extreme point of the caflcrmoflland E. byS. a point making the mouth of a river N. by W. and the white patch on ChaHes's Ifland S. W. We now examined the bay and a large lagoon. The la(t was the moft commodious harbour we had yet feen, having five fathom at the entrance, and four to five in the middle. It is capable of receiving a great number of vcfltls, had three large frefli water rivers, and plenty of wood and celery. We had here a feine fpoiled, by being entangled with the wood that lies funk at the mouth of the rivers; but though we oaught not much fifti, we had wild ducks in fuch numbers as to afford us a very fcafonable re- lief. Near this place are very high mountains, one of which was climbed by the matter of our cutter, with the hope of gctdnga viewof the South Sea ; but, being difappointed in his expeifUtion, he ereded a pyramid, and having written the (hip's name, and the date of the year, he left the fame, with a fliilling, within the ftmc- ture. On the 24th, in the morning, we examined Cordes Bay, which we found much inferior to that in which the ftiips lay, the entrance being rocky, and the ground within it foul. It had, it is true, a more fpacious lagoon, but the mouth of it was very narrow, and barred by a flioal, whereon was not M- ficient depth of water for t fliip of burden to float. Here we faw an animal that refembled an afs ; as fwift as a deer, and had a cloven hoof. This was the fiift animal we had feen in this ftrait, except at the entrance, where we found the guanicoes, and two dogs. The circumjacent country has a dreary and forbidding afpeft. The mountoins on both fides are of a ftupcnd- ous height; whofe lower parts are covered with trees above which a fpace is occupied by weathered ftinibsl higher up are fragments of broken rocks and heaps of fnow ; and the tops are tottlly rude, naked, and defolate. To fee their fummits towering above the clouds in valt crags, that are piled upon each other, affords to a fpcc- tator the idea, that they are the ruins of nature, devoted to everiafting ftcrility and dcfolation. This day we founded about the Royal Iflands, but found no bottom • wherever we came to an opening, we found a lapid tide fet through ; and they cannot be approached by fliip- pmg witTiout the moft imminent danger. And here, tor the information of future navigators, we would ok! ferve. that in a run through this part of the ftrait. they ftiould keep the north-flwre clofc on board all the way and not venture more than a mile from it till the Royal Iflands are pafTed. Through the whole day the cur- rent lets eafterly, and the indraught fliould by all means be avoided. On Tuefday the 27th, we weighed with all expedi- tion, and departed from Cape Gallant Road, which lies in C3 deg. 50 min. fouth latitude. At noon on the aSth, the weft-point bore W. N. W. half a mile dif- 3T tarn. ^ wri ifcilJ '8f tr- J' 'U ¥ M'H 858 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD CompleYe. Unt. At two o'clock, the weft point bore cad, dilUnt three leagues, and York Point W. N. W. didaitt Hve Icagiicii. Ac five, we opened York Road, the point bearing N. W. dillant halt'a milci at which lime the Dolphin wai taken a>back, and a (Ireng current with a heavy fquall drove usfofiir to leeward, that it was with great dilUculty wc gut into Elizabeth's Bay, and an- chored in 1 2 fathoms m atcr, near a river. The Swallow being at anchor oft' the point of the bay, and very near the rocks. Captain W'allis ordered out all the boau with anchors and haulers to her ainilancc, and the was hap- pily warped to windward in'o good anchorage. At this time York Point bore W. by N. A Ihoal with weeds upon it, at thcdiflanceof a cable's length, W.N. W. Point Pallagc S. 1£. half E. dillant half a mile ; a rock near Rupert's lilc S. half E. and a rivulet on the bay N. E. by E. dillant about three cables length. Having thisd.iyat fun-fct feenagreat fmoke on the fouthcrn lliorc, and on Prince Rupert's Illand, early in the morning of the igih, the boats were fcnt on Ihort for water. Our people had no foonei landed, than feveral of the natives came otf to them in three canoes ; and having advanced towards the failors, made ligns of friendlliip, w hich being anfwcred to their fatistiidion, they hallooed, and our men Ihouted in return. When the Indians drew near th y were eating the flefli of fcals raw, and w ere covered with the Ikins, which lUmk intolerably. I'hcy had bows, arrows, and javelins, the two laltot v.fcicli were pointed with flint. Thili: peo- ple were of a midJling Itattire, thetalleft of thcin not exceeding live feet Six inches, i'licir complexion «a< of a '.Icep copper colour. Three of them beinn ad- mitted on board the Dolphin, they devoured whatever food was olfcred them ; but like the Patagonians would only drink water; like ihcjr too, they were highly di- verted with a lookiiig (-ilufs, v\ «hich they at (irll Itared with artonilhmenc; but 'nviug become a little more familiar with it, liicy l",!r' J ai u., i_.rect; and lindinga correfponding fmilc i.. \< !i._ ii,ijj;c in the glafs, they burft into immodcraLt !: ^ olLmghter. The Captain going on Ihore with them, prLleiucd fome trinkets to their wives ami children, and received in return fome of their weapons, and pieces of mundic, of the kind found in the tin mines ot Cornwall. The fails of the canoes bclon^'iiigto thefe Indians were made of the feal fkin. To kindle a lire they ftrikc a pebble agiiinll a piece of mundic, holding under it, to catch the fparks, fome mofs or down, mixed with a whitifh earth, which takes fire like tinder: they then take fome dry grafs, and putting the lighted nu)fs into it, wave it to and fro, and in a minute it blazes. When they left us, they (leered for the fouthern fliore, where we faw many of their huts ; and we remarked, that not one of them luokcd bi-hind, either at us or the (hip, fo little im- prell'ion had the curiofities they had feen made upon their minds. As this feems to be the moft dreary and inhofpitable country in the world, not excepting the word parts of Sweden and Norway, fo the natives feem to be the lowed and mod deplorable of all human be- ings. Their perfect indifference to every thing they faw, which marked the difparity between our (late and their own, though it may prcfervc them from the regret and anguilh of unfatisfied defires, feems, notwithdand- ing, to imply a detcdl in their nature; for thofc who are fatisfitd with the gratifications of a brute, can have little preteniion to the prerogatives of men. Thefe Indians when they gave to the gentlemen of our (hip feveral pieces of mundic, intimated, that this fubllance was found in the mountains, and Capuin Wallis is of opinion, that not only mines of tin, but more valuable metals arc fu'ufiiling there. On Tuefday tne jrd of February, wc weighed, and, in a fudden fquall, were taken a-back, fo that both (hips were in the moll imminent danger of bcine driven afhore on a reef of rocks ; the wind, however, fuddcniy (hifting, we got oflP without much damage. At (ive o'clock, P. M. we anchored in York Road, Cape Quod now bore W. half S. dillant fix leagues ; York Point E. S. E. didant one milc; Bachelor's River N. N. W. three fourths of a milc ; the entrance of Jerom't Sound 3 N. W. by W. and a fmall illand, on the fouth iliorc, W. by S. In the evening we faw live Indian canoct come out of BaLhelur'., River, and go up Jetom's Sound. . Having fcnt out the boats, in the morning of the 4th, wc were inforn\cd on their return, that there was |;our power to keep the Ihip deady, and as the cables did not part, we were again wonderfully prefervcd, which, con- lidering the narnownefs of the (Irait, and the fmallneft of the bay in which wc were ftationcdi might in th«i judgment Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE — for making Difcovrrics in the Southern Ocean, &r. 259 judgment of human wililoin be thought iiupolliljlc- : for nad the cablci parted, wc could not have run out with a fail, and not naving room to bring the Ihip up with any other anchor, wc mul^ without divine aid nuvc been daflicd topiecei in a few minute. ; ami under fuch circumnanccs it ii highly probable, that every foul would immediately have pcrilhed. liy eight o'clock in the evening the gale occanu- more ilHKlerate, and gradually dccrcafed durin).r the night. On the 2 lit, wc had the fuiiiiaiiUon to /ind that our cable was found, but our haufcrs were much rubbed by the rocks. Aa to the Swallow, the (lorm had little aU'eCtcd her j but two (lays before fhc had v( r; near been loll by the ra- pidity of the tide, in pudiii.'; through the illands. An altccatioii had been made in her rudder, neverthclefs flic Ikered and worked fo ill, that it was apprehended (he could not faiely be brought to an anchor again. Her commander was of opinion, that Ihe could be of very liltle fervice to the expedition, and theicfore re- quellcd of Captain VVallis to direct what he thought bed for the f ;rvice. The captain returned for anfwer, •' That as the Lords of ihir Admiralty had appointed her to accompany the LXilphin, flic mull continue to do it as long as it was polTible j that as' her condition ren- dered her a bad I'ailer, he would wait her time, and at- tend her motions; and that if any difalUr ftiould happen to cither of us, the other fliould be ready to alford luch allilbnce as might be in her power." In this bay wc remained eight days, taking in wood and water, and repairing the little damage we had fullained in the late florm. We caught lilh of various kinds, among which were miifcles near fix inches long ; alfo a fine hrin red filh, not unlike a gurnet, molt of which were from four to live pounds weight. I'he mountains in this neighbourhood have a niofl rugged and defulate ap- pearance t but their height could not be afcertaimd, their heads being loll in the clouds ; and fome of them, on the fouthern (liore, were fo naked, as not to have upon them a iingle blade ofgrafs. Our mafler having been fent out in fearch of anchor.ige, landed upon a large illand on the north-lideofSnow Sound, and being almofl perillu'd with cold, the tirll thing he did was to make a large lire w ith fome trees which he found upon the fpot. 1 le then climbed one of the rocky mountains, with Mr. Fickerlgill a midfliipman, and one of the feamcn, in order to take a view of the flrait, and the difmal regions that furround it. He obferved the entrance of the found to be full as broad its feveral parts of the ftrait, and to grow but very little narrower on Terra del Fuego (ide. The country on the fouth, he faid, was more dreary and horrid than any he had yet feen : the mountains hid their heads in the clouds; while the valleys were equally barren, being intirely covered with fnow, except where it had been waihcd away, or converteil into ice 1 and even thefe bald patches were as dellitute of verdure as the rocks between w hich they lay. Sunday the 1 ft of March, at four o'clock, A. M. our companion, the Swallow, was feen under fail, on the north fliorc of Cape Quod. At fcvcn we fet fail, and ftood out of Butler's Bay ; and at noon fent the boats to feek for anchor.ige on the north Ihorc. Cape Notch now bore W. by N. half N. diftant four leagues, and Cape Quod E. half N. diftant three leagues. At three o'clock, P. M. we anchored in a finall bay, which wc named Lion's Cove, on account of a fteep rocky mountain, the top whereof rcfembles the head of a lion. On the 2nd, wc made fail again, and at five in the evening came to anchor in Good Luck Bay, in 28 fathoms water. A rocky ifland, at the wcftern extre- mitf of the bay, bore N. W. by W. about a cable's length and a half from the Dolphin ; and a low point which forms the eallcrn extremity of the bay, bore E. S. E. diftant one mile. In the interval between this point and the fliip are many ftioals ; and two rocks at the bottom of the bay, the largeft of which bore N. E. by N. the fmalleft N. by E. From thefe rocks, ihoals run out to the S. E. which may be known by the weeds that arc upon them. Cape Notch bore from us W. by S. half W. diftant one league. In the interme- diate fpacc i:i a large lagoon, init, the wind biou ing hud all the time ofour laying here, we could not louiv.l it. I laving moored, we fent two boats to aftill the Swallow, by which (lie was towed intoafiiiall bay, where, as the wind was fouthcrly, and blew frefli, (lie wan in great danger, for the cove was expofed to S. E. winds, and was alfo full of rocks. On the four following days we encountered fuch terrible weather, that wc had no other profpedl before us than that of iinniediatc def- trudlion; and our feamcn were fo prcpofllired with the notion, that the Swallow could not ndc out the ftorm, that they even imagined they liiw fome of her hands coming over the rocks towards them. The ftorm at length fubfidcd, and the gale became more moderate on .Saturdav the 7th ; we therefore at four o'clock, A. M. fent a boat to cmjuire after the Swallow, who in the afternoon returned with the welcome news that the fliip was fafe ; but the fatigue of the people had been in- credible, the whole crew having been upon the deck near three days and three nights. The gufts returned at i.idnight, t'houj'h not with equal violence, but at- tended with hail, iTeet, and fnow. On the 8ih, Captain Wallis ordered up, the vcaiher being extremely cold, aiii'i the crews never dry, 11 bales of the thick woollen Ihilf, called fear-nought, and employed all the taylors to make them into jackets, of whiih every man in the Dolphin had one. Seven bales of the fame cloth were alfo fent on board the Swallow, which made every man on board a jacket of the fame kind. Three bales of liner cloth were cut uj) for the ollicers of both fliips, which were very acceptable. On Sund.iy the ijth, feeing the Swallow under fail, we fent (11 our launch, whereby llic was towed into a vciy good harbour on tl c fouth lliore, oppolitc to where we lay. The favourable •iccount we received of this harbour daermincd us to dep.-irt from Cood Luck l].iy, and wc thought oiirfclves happy when we got fale out of it. Whci abreaft of the place where the Swallow lay at anchor, we fired feveral guns, as lignals for her boats loalfill m, and in a llioit time the maftcrcameon board, and piloted us to a very commodious nation, where we call anchor in 28 fathoms, bottom muddy. This bay, which we called Swallow I larbour, is Iheltered from all winds, and excellent in every refped. There arc two narrow channels into it, but neither of them dangerous. On Monday the 16th, at nine o'clock, A. M. we weighed, and took the Swallow in tow. At fne, P. M. being little wind, we' call her oH". At nine wc had fielh .rales, and at midnight Cape Upright boreS, S. W. half VV. On the 1 7th, by the advice of Captain Car- teret, wc bore away for U()right Bay, and, he being ac- quainted with the place, the Swallow was ordered to lead. At cle\ en o'clock wc opened a large lagpon, and by means of a current, which fet ftrongly into it, the Swallow w. IS driven among the breakers dofe ujwn the lee-lliore : flic made fignals of diftrefs, and notwith- fl.-inding the weather w;is hazy, and the furf ran high, our boats took hjr in tow, but their utmoft clforts to* lave her would have been in vain, had not a breeze from the fliore happily relieved her. At noon a great fwcll came on, th^- waves ran high, and the K.g was fo thick, that we narrowly cfcaped lliipwreck, in what we conje(itured to be, the B.-iy of Iflands; we therefore endeavoured to haul out, asthconlychanceof cfcaping; this we found no cafy talk, being obliged to tack con- tinually, to weather fome ifland or rock ; but at four o'clock, P. M. the weather clearing up a little, wc had a light of Cape Upright, for which wc immediately fleered, and between live and (ix came (nMy to an anchor in the bay, in 46 fathoms, with a muddy bottom. A high blurt' land on the north-lhore bore N. W. half N. diftant live leagues, and a fmall ifland within us S. by E. half E. The Swallow, who was driven to lee-ward, notwithftanding ftic had two anchors a-hcad, was brought up about a cable's length aftem of us, in 70 fathoms water. To clear her anchors, for whi^h purpofe we fent a conliderable number of our hands, and to warp her into a proper birth, coft us the whole daj;, and was not only a work of time, but of the utmoft difficulty and lalwur. On the 1 8th, we fent out boats -I*'; / a6o VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Comfi. m. botu to found qm'nc crofii the ftrait, and thii day we moored the fhipin 78 fathomi, with the ftream anchor. On the 19th, two canoc», having in them fevcral In- dians, came alonif-fidc the Dolphin. Thcv were equally miferable and abject, with thofc wc had before fccn. A feanian gave one of them a fi(h, which he had iud caught with a line, and it was then alive. The Inciian fcit'ed it ai a dog wouM a bone, and inftantly killed it by biting it near the giiU ; he then began ar the head, and proceeded on to the uil, champing up the bones, and devouring both the fcalci anu tnc entrails. Thefe people would drink no other liquor than water, but they eagerly tore in pieces and (wallowed down f>rovirions of any kind, wncther boiled, roafted, raw, iilt, or frcfli. Though the weather was very cold, their only covering was a (caUfliin, and even that they jput off when rowing. We obferved that they all had lore eyes, occalioned probably by tht finokc of their fires, and their filthy way of feeding .■fidc was fmcarcd w ith rcfm or gum, which prevented the water from foaking into the bark. To the bottom and fides were kwed tranfverfely 1 5 (lender branchas, bent into an arch ; and fomc fliait pieces were placed crofs the top, from gunwale to gunwale, fccurely laflicd at each end ; but upon the whole the workmanfliip was very rough, nor liad thefe people any thing among them, wherein there was the lean appearance of ingenuity. The Captain prefentcd them a hatchet or two, fome beads, and a few other baubles, with which they de- parted, fccmingly well fatisfird, to the (buthward. iDuring our Oay here, we fent our boats as ufual in fearch of anchoring places. Several fmall cqves were difcovercd, but iiiuir of them dangeroui. Twenty-two of the failora belonging to one of the boats, ftaying one night on an idand, about 30 Indians landed, ran im- mediately to the boat, and began to make oft' with every thing they could carry away ; the failors difcovered what they were tloing, and had but juft time to prevent their depreJacions. When oppofed, they went to their ca- noes, and armed thcmfelves with long poles and pointed javelins. 1 hey flood in a threatning attitude, and our people on the defendvc; but the latter parting with a tew trifles to them, they became friends, and peace and bannony were a(^in rcdored. From this time to the 30th, \^ had hard gales, and heavy feas, accompanied with hail, lightning, and rain. Neverthelefs, the men were fent frequently afliore for exercifc.whichcontributed not a little to their health, and by them we had almoft a condanc fupply of mufclcs and vegetables. On Monday the 30th, we improved the firft interval of moderate weather, in drying the fails, and airing the fpare ones, which lall wc found much injured by the rati. Weanions, m ho, without fpcaking, intlantly handed do*n the children, and jumped into the canoes, which hurried after t! c boat, while the poor Indians cried in a mol) dillrcraful tone. When our boat was near land, fomc women were feen among the rocks, to whom the Indians called aloud, and they all ran away 1 but the boats crew having remarked their jealous fears, lay on their oars, to con- vincethem that no injury was intended. The Indians landed, drew their canoes on fliorc, and haflily followed theobjedls of their afTedlions. Thisdav the malUr of the Swallow, who had been fent out to icck fur anchor, ing places, returned with an account, that he had found three on the north fhorc, moft of which were very j oodj one about four miles to the eaftward of Cape Providence, another under the eaft.fide of Cape Tamar, and a thiid about four miles to the eallward of it ; but it mutt be obferved, that the ground onder Cape Providence i* rocky. Our men at this time began to be troubled w ith fluxes, on which account, at the requeft of our fiirgcon, it u'as ordered, that no more mufclcs (which had Ix-cu found continually in abundance) fhould be brought on board. On Friday the loth, we made fail in company with the Swallow. At noon, Cape Providence bore N. N. W. diflant five miles. At four P. M. dpe Tamar bore N. W. by W. half W. diftant three leagues, and Cape Pillar W. diflant ten leagues. Cape Upright bore K. S. E. half S. diflant three leagues. On the I Ith, having fleered W. half N. all night, we found, at fix o'clock, A. M. that we had run 38 miles by the log. At this time. Cape Pillar bearing S. W. diftant half mile, the Swallow was about three miles aftern of us, and txing but little wind, we were obliged to croud all the fail we could, to get without the ftraits mouth. The Captain, at eleven o'clock, would have (liortened fail for our confort, but it was not in our power, for it was abfolutely neceflary for us to carry fail, in order to clear the ifles of diretftion. Soon after we loft fight of the Swallow, and faw her not again during the remain- der of our voyage. At noon our latitude by obfervation was 52 dcg. 38 min. and our longitude by computation 76 dcg. weft from London. The iflands of Diredion now bore north 21 jtel^i diftant three leagues. St, Paul's Cupola, and Cape Vidtory in one, north, diftant feven leagues, and Cape Pillar eaft, diftant fix leagues. Happy did we now think ourfelves in having cleared the Straits of Magellan, a dreary and inhofpitable re- gion, in which wc had contended with, innumerable difficulties, and efcaped moft imminent dangers, in a paflage of almoft four months, lumely, from l>:ccmber the 1 7th, 1 766, i» the nth of April, 1 767. Our Journalift now proceeds to a defcription of the places in which the (hips anchored, during their paf- fage through the ftraits, from whence wc have extradted fuch particulars, as may be of ufc to future navigators, furnith real improvement to thofe of our fubfcritiers who Ixlong to his majefty's navy, and afford an agree- able entertainment to our various and numerous dafFcs of readers. (1.) Cape Viigin Mary. This is a fteep white clifl; which fomcwhat refcmbles the South Fon-land. By obfervation and our reckoning, it lies in latitude 5 1 dec. 24 min. fouth, and in 68 dcg. 22 min. weft loiwi- tudic from London. Under this cape, when the wind is wefterly, is a good hariwur, but we faw no appearance either of woodor water. About a mile from the ftiorr, you may anchor in ten fathom water, with coarfe fandy ground. (2.) PofTefTionBay. The point of this lies in latitude 52 deg. 23 min. fouth, and in 68 deg. 57 min. weft longitude. Here the foundings arc very irregular, but the ground is throughout a fine foft mud antlclay. The landing appeared to be good, but we could fee no figns of either wood or water. It is neceffary, in faiU iiig into this bay, to give the point a good birth, there being a reef that runs about a mile right otf it. (3.) Port Famine. This is an excellent t>av, capacious enough for many (hips to moor therein with the utmoft Cifcty. Wood and water arc to be procured with cafe: gecfe. Captain WALLIS'j VOYAGE— lor making Dilcovcrivi in jhc Sou riirRN Dckan.^ci-. afii gcff, dui k«, tful, ike. are in eriat ulcnty, ami tilh ui abiiii(|jn< r. It is (icuatcil in latitude ( { di-e. 41 iiiin. foutli.anil 71 dcg. iK niin. weft lon^jituili'. We ii\(K)rcil in nine fathom, having braciou.s lagoon, where a fleet of ftiipsmay moor in perfect fecurity. ihc lagoon abounds with wild fowl, and we found in, and a^ut it, wild celery, inufcles, and limpets in plenty. (6.) Elizabeth Bay. Its latitude is 5 { deg. 43 min. fouth, and its longitude 73 deg. 24 min. weft. Sufti- cipnt quantities of wood may be procured here for the ufc of ftiips, and they will find good watering at a fiiiall river. We gathered a little celery and a few cranber- ries, but met with neither filh nor fowl. The bcft an- chorage is at Paflagc Point, at half a mile diftancc, bearing S. E. and the river N. E. by E. diftant three cables length ; in this ftation, a Ihoal, which may be known by tie weeds, bears W. N. W. diftant one cable's length : the ground is coarfe fand and ftiells. At the entrance of this bay arc two fmall reefs, that appear above witcr. The moft dangerous of the two is at the call i)oint of the bay, but this may eafily be avoided, t)y keeping at the diftancc of about two cables length from the road. (7 ) York Road. This lies in latitude 53 deg. 39 min. fouth, and, by our account, 73 deg. 52 min. weft longitude. The land- ing in all parts of this place is very good s and we found celery, cranberries, mufck-s, limpets, wild fowl, and foinc lifti, but not fufticient to fupply our ftiip? company with a lingle meal. About a mile up aa. chelor's River is good watering, and plenty of wofxl all round the bay. From the Wcftern Point a reef runs otF about a cable's length, which, when known, may eafily be avoided. To anchor with fafety in this bay, bring York Point E. S. E. Bachelor's River N. by W. half W. The reef N. W. half W. and St-' Jerom's Sound U'. N. W. at the dillaiue of h.ilf a mile from the (Iwire. The current here frciiucntly lets in three dillWeiu diro'tion^ i the water riles ana falN about eight feet 1 but the tide is irregular. (H.) Butler's Bay. This is litiiated in latituile 53 ileg. 37 min. fouth, and in 74 dig. i^ mm. well longitude. It is not only fmall, but entirely eiu irelcd with riKks, on whiih account we would caution every navigator ii}{.iiiift anchoring at ihu pl.ue, il he can pollibly avoid it. Here are fome rmk iiih, and .1 few wild tiiul, but celery and cranberries arc very ftarce. (<;.) l.ion'l* Cove. The fame m.iy be laid of this as we have ob- ftrved of the preceding luy i but though the water up a fmall creek is good, here i^ no wcmkI. The la- titude is 53 deg. 2h min. luuth i longituile, by our account, 74 dejj. 25 mm. wift. (10 ) Ciood l.uck Bay. This is jiiuated in l.ititude 5 { deg. .23 min. and in 74 deg. i^ min. well longitude. Like feveral others, it is fmall, and the rocks with which it is fur- rounded, render it very dillicult of accef*. We pro- cured here a fullicient quantity of frelh water, but very little wood. Nut any kindt of refa*fliments arc to be expected at this place t iiulced we caught only a few ruck tilh with houk and line. The ground is very coarfe, and the cable of our bell bower anchor was lo much rubl)cd, that we were obliged to condemn it, and bend a new one. Circumftances may arife under which It may be thought good luck to get into this bay, but we thought it very good luck when we got out of it. (11.) Swallow Bay. This lies in latitude 53 deg. 29 min. fouth, and in 74 deg. 35 min, weft longitude. The entrance is narrow and rocky, but when once entered, it is very fafe, being ftieltercil from all winds. The lucks, by keeping a good look- out, may be eafily avoided. As to the mountains that furround it they have a moll horrid appearance, and fcem to be deferted by every thing that has life ; and we found no fupply of piovilions, except a few rock filh and mufcles. The landing is very good, and the tide rifes and lalls between four and five feet, (i 2.) Upright Bay. This is in latitude 53 deg. 8 min. fouth, longitude 75 deg. 35 min. weft." The entrance is very fafe, and the water excellent. A fufticicncy of wood may Ik procured for ftock, but provifions arc rather fcarce. The landing is not good, the tide very irregular; and the water riles and falls above five feet, iklides thefe 12 bays, there arc three others, a little beyond Cape Shut-up, which we named River Bay, Lodging Bay, and W^aliis's Bay, the laft of which is the bcft. Alfo between Elizabeth Bay and York Road lies Mufcle Bay, wherein is exceeding good anchorage with a wefterly wind. The ground of Chance Bay is very rocky, and therefore to be avoided. Nof far from Cape Quod, to the eaftward, lies Iftand Bay, which is by no means an eligible fituation for Ihipping. There is likewife a bay with good anchorage, oppofitc to York Road i and another to the eaftward of Cape Crofs.tide, but this latter one will hold only a finglc (hip. Between Cape Crofs and St. David's Head lies St, David's Sound, on the fouth-fidc of which we found a bank of coarfe fand and ftiells, with a depth of water from 19 to 30 fathom, where a fliip might anchor in cafe of neceflity; and the mafter of the Swal- low found a very good fmall bay a little to the eaftward of St. David's Head. r ? i "V 1. 1 t !\ ■r .t T ■f .1 1 '^ f I 4 I 1 I- I ■'-f aso- CHAP. n. 71fr Dohbitt proceeds oh her voyage from the ftrait lo the iveftward—Sevcral ijlands difcmered in the South Sen, namely —lyhitfuH Jfland—^eeH Charlotte's— Epnont—Gloucejler— Cumberland— Prince f William Henry's— O/naiiirgh^ king George the Third's, called fy the natives Otabeite, with a particular, ftill^ and complete defer ipt ion 0/ tho/e i/lands ~-Tbe cuftoms, manners, (^c. of the natives— The feviral incidents wbicb happened en board the Jbtp and alhore-— Particularly, a very circumftanltal account of the inbaiitauts of Otabcite— Their arts, trade, domeftU life, and charafier. No. n, 3 u An I s6a VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complhth. Ah exftdilvm H iiifivX'tt the imt^utd pari *J' ibt tmniry — Ami a xantly ^ madtnit Md Iranfiii 'ittu, lilt v.f ifHilltJ ibt I/ImJ i» (OHlimu mtr vtytf/t. \ ■ . t I . ON Sunday the nth of April 17A7, after having cleared the (trait, we held on our courfe to the weftward. Here it ma^ be proper to obTerve, that, m all the hard galea by which \\c fuircrcd, blew from the weftward, we thipt«*lt advifcable ro Rand about 100 league* and mor: to the weftward, after failiP' out of the Strait of Magellan, that the fliip may not be endan- Erred on a lee-innrc, which at prefent ia wholly un> nown. At we continued our courfe a number of Iheerwaten, pinodoet, ganneti, and other birda. Hew about the Ihip 1 the upper worki nf which being open, and the cloathi and bedding continually wet, the failora in a few days were attacked with fever* t and having a cotKinuation of ftmng gale*, haiy weather, and heavy fea*, we were frequently broughc under our courfea. On Wedncfday the 1 2nd, we ooferved in latitude 41 deg. g4min. fouth, and in 95 deg. 46 min. weft longitude; and on Monday the 27th at noon, we found our btitude to be 36 deff. 54 min. fouih. and our longitude, by ac | count, 1 00 deg. weft from London. This day being fair, and the weather moderate, the Tick were brought on deck, to whom were given fatop, and portable foup, in which wheat had been twilcd. The violent gales re- turned, fo that the beds were again wet through, and it was feared that the (hip* would loTe her maftsi we there- fore began to think of altering our courfe, in hc^ of better weather { and the rather, u the number of our fick encrcafcd fo faft, that there was danger of foon wanting hand* to navigate the vcfTel. On Monday the 4th o( May, by obfcrvation, we found ourfclves in lati- tude i8 deg. 20 min. fouth t and in 96 deg. ai min. weft longitude. On the .*th, we faw feveral (heer- watcn and fea fwalluwsi and on Tuefdav the 12th, we obfcrvfd the fame kind of birds, and (ome porpoifes about the (hip. On the 14th, we faw the appearance of what wc imagined to be high land, towards which a flock of brown birds were obTcrved to fly; we therefore ftecred all ni|;ht fur this fup|Mfcd land; but at day- break could (ec no figns of it. As the weather now became moderate, wc found our people recovered very tuft i and the car{Knters were buticd in caulking the upper works of the (hip, and repairing the boats. On the 1 5th, our latitude was 24 dm. 50 min. fouth, and our longitude 106 deg. weft. On MonJay the 1 8th, a Ihccp, by the captains order, was diftributed anwng our people who were lick and recovering. On Tlmrfday the 2 1 ft, wc faw a number of flying fi(h ; and on the 22nd fomc bonettas, dolphins, and Nying-fi(h. ALout this time, fuch of the fcanKn on board as had been re- covcrinj^ from colds and fevers, began to be attacked by the Kurvy, upon which, at the fui]geon's rcprefenta- tion, wine was I'ervcd t* themt wort was aifo made from malt for their ufe; and each of the crew had half a pint of pickled cabbage tvery day, notwithftandinc which the men began to look very (ickly, and to hU a prey to the fcurvy very fiift ; to repel which thsy had winelerved inftead of fpirits, with denty of fwcct-wort and falop : portable foup was boiled in their peas and oatmeal ; their births and cloathswere kept conftantiv clean ; the hammocks were every day brought upon deck at ei^t o'clock in the morning, and carried down at four m the afternoon ; fomc or other of the beds and hammocks were wafhed daily : the ftiip's water was ren- dered wholefome by ventilation, and every part between decks was clcanfed with vinegar. This day our latitude was 20 deg. 1 li min. fouth, and 1 1 1 deg. weft longitude. On Tucfday the 26th, wc law two grampufes ; and on the :7th, a variety of birds, one of which was taken for a Ian J-bird, and rcfeinbled a fwallow. On the 3 1 ft, wt found by obfervation our latitude to be 39 deg. 38 min. fouth, longitude 127 dec. 45 rain. weft. Un Monday the i ft of June, wc faw feveral men of war- birds, and, on the 3rd fome ganncts; and, the weather iKtng at this tinu* very various, wc conceived hopes that wc drew near to land. On the .^h, a turtle fwam clofc I by the (hip, and the nctt day a gmt variety nf birds were feen. On .Saturday the 6th, the lung willied-for IjikI be- came vifible from the mafl-head, the man ( r-ying mit " Ijnd in the north- weft." Thisinthecuurfc oliheday proved to be a low ifland, diflant alxMit lix Iragurii. When within live miles of this iHaitil, wc diCtitvcrcd a fecomi to the W. N. W. The (irft lirntcniint Iwing at this time very ill, Mr. Furncaux, the fecund lieu- tenant, was frnt with two tionti to the lirft idand, the crews of each being well provided with arnt«. When the boats canKnear the iHand, two canoes were ohil-rved to put oH'to the adjacent onei and no mhabitants were feen to remain where our party landrd. I Icre feveral cocoa-nuts, and a large quantity of fcurvy-graf* ucre obtained, which proved a valuable acouilition to the iick, and a grateful refrefttmcni to tnofe in health. They returned in the evening to the (hip, bringing with them fome (tlh-hook*. which the iflanders had (ormcJ ofoy(U-r-(hells. In this cxcurfion they tlifcovercd three huts, fup|torted on polls, and open all round, liut thatched with cocoa-nut and |xilm leaves. As no an- chorage could be fo«ind, and the whole illand wan cncuiii- SfTca with rocks and breakers. Captain Wallis re- ved to fteer fur the other illand, giving the n.inic of Whitfun Iflaivl to this, becaufc it was difiovcred on Whitfunday's Eve. Having approached the other illand, Mr. I'urneaux was again fent otf with the boats, man- ned ami armed. At this time about jo of the natives were feen running about with flrc-brands in their hands. Mr. Furnetux was inftrutlted to fteer to that part of the (hore, where the natives had been feen, u> avoid giving otfrnce. When Mr. Furneaux drew near with the boats to the fliure, the natives put themfclves in a pofture of defence, with their pikes ( but the lieutenant nuking (igns of amity, and expoling to view a few trinkets, (bme of :he Indians walked into the water: to whom it was hinted, that fomc cocoa-nut* and water would be acceptable : which was no (boner underftood, than they ventured with a fuull qiuntity of each to the boat* I and received luils and other trities in exchange. While bartering with them, one of the Indians ftole a filk handkerchief with its contenu, but the thief could by no meam be difcovcred. On Monday the 8th, Mr. Furneaux was again dif> patched with the boats, and received orders frum Cap- tain Wallis to land, if he could do it without oflending the natives. As this party drew near to the ihore, they obfervcd faven large canoes, each with two mafts, lying ready for the Indians to embark in them. 'Ittelc having made (tgns to the crew to procrcd higher up^ they complied, and immediately the Indians embarked on board the feven large canoes and quitted the fpoc, being joined bv two canoes at another part ot the illand. Thele latter the Indians fleered in a diredlion of W. .S. W. They were divided, two being brought along-(ide of each other, and faftcned together, at the diflanre of about three feet afunder, by crofs beams, pafling from the larboard ^(unwale of one to the ftarboard gunwale of the other, in the middle and near each end. They appeared to be 30 feet in length, four in breadth, ana three in depth. The people had long black hair hang- ing over their fliouldcrs, of a dark complexion, nf » middle fizc, and were drefTed in a kind of matting made faft round the middle. The women are beauti- ful, and the men juftly proportioned. In the afternoon the fecond lieutenant being again fent on ftiore, the Captain commanded him to take polTeinon of the ifland in the kir«'s name, and to call it Qtieen Char- lotte's Illand. The boats returned loaded with cocoa- nuts and fcurvy-grafs, after having found two wells of excellent water. Provilions for a week were now allotted for a mate ^tid ao men, who w ere left on (hore to Ail wiater s the lick were landed for the benefit of the air; and a number of hands were appointed to climb the cocM-trccf and gathrr the nuts, u hich in our litua. tloil i Ca FTAiii WALLB'i VOYAGE— fof making Di(covcriei in ih«SouTMrm« Orr,AN, &c. a6j lion were vera dcflnbk. Thew«erwMbiwJKhionb«i«rd onihr loih, but the coem-nuii mkI vegctablet, which the cutter WM bringing off, were l«>ft by the rolllnji of the wivei, that •Imoft Ailed her with %wtcr. Afterward* they made an ifland whcra were found fcireral tooli, re- TemMing adtc*, awU. and chilTeU, which were formed of (hell* and ftonea. The dead bodies were not buried, but left under a kind of canopy, to decay above ground. Thii day tht (hipfkilid again, after uking noflcfilon of the inanda for the king i in teftimony of which v - ' ft • flag flying, and carved hit majefty'f name on a piece of wood, and on the bark of feveral treci. We left ihillinn. flKpencei, halfpence, bottles, naiU, hatchett, and other thingi for the ufe of the natives. It was ■emarkable, that on this ifland we feimd the very peo- Ele who had fled from Qiwen Charlotte's Ifland, with rveral othen. in the whole near lOO. It lies in 19 deg. ao min. fouth latitude, and 13I deg. 30 min. weft lon- gitude, and received the name of Egmont Ifland. On Thurfdav the nth, we obferved about 16 perfona on an ifland which was called Gloucefter Ifland 1 but u it was furroundeil with rocks and breakers, wc did not at- tempt to land . This day we likewife difcovered anc ther, which was called Cumberland Ifland t and. on thi: day following, a third, which received the name of Prince WillianiHenry's Ifland. On Wedncula^ the 17th, we again difcovered land, and at ten at night faw a light, which convinced us that it was inhahitrd, and remarked, that there were plenty of cocoa-trees, a ccruin proof of there being no want of water. Mr. Fumeaux was fent on fliorc the day following, with inftrudtioiu to exchange fomc toys for fuch things as the ifland produced. He faw a srcat number of the petmie, but could find no place wncrc the (hip might ancnor. Some of the natives, who had « hitc fticks in their hands, appeared to have an autho- rity over the reft. While the lieutenant was trafiicking with them, an Indian diving into the water, feized the grappling of the boat, whi^ his companions on (horc laia hold of the rope by which (he wu faftencd, and at- tempted to draw ner into the furf, but their endea- vours were fniftratcd by the firins of a mufquet, on which they all let go their hold. Tnefe Indians were drefledin akind of cloth, a piece of which was brought to the (hip. It was concluded from the number of the people Teen, and their having fome larae double canoes on the (hore, that there were larger il^nds at no great diftance : the Captain, therefore, having named this Elace Ofnabuigh ifland, nude fail and foon difcovering igh-land, came to an anchor, becaufc the weather was very foggy. The next morning early we faw land, diftant four or five leagues ; but, after having failed to- wards it fome time, thmght it prudent again to anchor, on account ofthe thicknefs of the fog 1 mit it no fboner cleared away, than we found the (hip etKompalTed by a number of canoes, in which were many hundretb of peQplc. Havine approached the fliip, they beheld it with wonder, and talked with great earncftnefs. Some baubles were now (hewn them, and figns were made for them to come on board, on which they rowed the canoes towardii each other, and a general confulution took place 1 at the conclufion of which thcv all fur- rounded the Ihip with an appeannce of frienolhip, and one of them dfelivcred an oration, at the coiKluuon of which he threw into the Tea the branch of a planuin. tree, which he had held in^his hand. This being done, a young Indian, of more apparent courage than the reft, ventured on board the (hip. The Capuin would have given him fome baubles, but he refufed the accep- tance nf them till thofc in the canoes came alorg.(ide, and, having held a confulution, threw on board Icveral brances of the plantain-tree. Others now ventured on board j but it was remarked, that they all got into the (hip at foniK improper part, not one of them, even by accident, finding the right place of afcent. A goat be- longing to the (hip, having run his horns agsinft the back of one of the Indians, he looked round with fur- Erizc, and feeins the animal ready to renew the atuck ifprug over the ftiip's fide, and was inftantly foUewcd by all his countrymen. Their terror, however, lixm fubftdfd, and they returned to the fliip 1 and the flucp, hogs, and poultry being fliewn iheni, they intiiiiaicd that they pMnrlfed the two tatter r|)ecic«. The Captain then gave them nails and other triRcs, and made H^m thai he wanted hogs, fowls, and fruit 1 but iheyinulj not comprehend him. They were dctcCk-d in ftvcral attempts to uke away any thing thcv (imiM lay hold of) but one of them at length jumpco overboard with a laced hat which he had fnatchcd from one of the officers. The interior parts nf the ifland abounds in hills, cloaihed with timber-trees, above thcin arc high pc.ika, from which large riven defcend to th>: fcai the houlca, when feen at a diftance, refcmble barns, having no ftwiterbut a roof 1 the land towards the fea is level, and produces the cocoa-nut, with a va;iety of other fruits, and the faceofthe whole country is pn'lurercjiic tnyond defcriptinn. We now failed aUmp thi- (i,orc, while the canoes, which could not keep pace with ii>, m.idc tu^ wards the land. In the afternoon the fliiu brou);ht to, and the boats being lent to found a bay that promifed good anchorage, the Indian canoes HcKJced rouna them. The Captain, apprehcniivc that their drli,;ns were hof- tile, made a lignal for the hoatx to return to the fliip, and fired a gun over the headi of the Indians. Thoiigli they were irightened at the rrp«)rt, thev attempted to firevent the return of the cutter; hut ihc eailv out- iiilcd thcin. This being obferved by (01110 canm-s in a dift'ercnt ftation, they intencptcd hvr, and wounded fome of her people with ftoncs, which oicafioncd the firing a mufquet, and fume (hot were lodged in the (houlder of the man who began thcattarkj which 'he Indians obferving, they all made utf with the utmoft precipitation. The boats having reached the (hip pre- parations were made for failing, hut a large canne making towards her at a great rate, it was rclolved to wait the event of her arrival ; on which an Indian, making a fpeech, threw a plantain branch on board, and the Captain returned the coiiitiliincnt of peace, by giving them a branch, which nad been left on board by the other Indians) fomc toys being likewife given them, they departed very well fatistied. Wc now iailcd.and the next morning wercott'a peak of land which was almoft covered with tnc natives and their houfcs. On the 3 1 ft the fliip anchored, and feveral canoes came along-fideof her, bringing a large quantity of fruit, with fowls and hogs, for which they received nails and t())s in exchange. The boats having been fent to found along the coaft, were followed by large double canoes, three of whic h ran at the cutter, ftavcd in her quarter, and otherwife danuged her, the Indians at the fame time, armed with clubs, endeavouring to board her; the crew now fired, and wounded one iiian dangcroufly, and killing another, they both fell into the fea, whither their com- panions dived after them, and got them into the canoe. They now tried if they could ftand or lit, but as one wu quite dead, they laid him at the bottom of the canoe, and the wounded man vtas fupportcd in a fitting pofture. The (hips boats kept on their way, while fome of the canoes went on fliorc, and others re- turned to the fliip to renew their incrchandifc. While the boats continued out in fcveial foundings, the natives fwam off to them with water and fruit. The women were particularly urgent for the failon to land, and, putting oflf all their cloaths. gave hints, of the moft iadelicate nature, how acceptable their company would be. The boats being fent on (hore with fome fmaU cafks to get water, the Indians filled two of them, and kept all the reft for their trouble. When the boatt cameoif, theflwre was crowded with thoufandtof men, wonwn, and children. During this time, feveral canoca remained along-fide the (hip, but the Captain would not permit a finale Indian to go on board, as there wai no Euarding agauift their artful difpofitions. On Monday the 22nd, the tutives brought hogs, poultry, and fruit to the fhip, which they bartered for, knivesand other thingi.fothat the wholecrewwasfupplied viih I ; ■ ii t64 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Completb. with meat for two days, bv means of this traffic. The boats having bttn this day fcnt for water, every in- ducement vM ufcd by the inhabitants to perfuadc them to land, and the behaviour of the women was (till more lafcivious than before. Having procured a fmall quantity of water, the boats put olT: on which the women (lioutcd aloud, pelted them with apples and banana.t, and (hewed every mark of contempt and dc- teftation. On the 23rd, we made fail, with intention to anchor off the watering-place, but, the man at the imft-hcad difcovering a bay a few miles to the leeward, we immediately ftood for it. The boats which were a- head, making a fignal for an anchorage, we prepared to bring to; but when the fliip had almofl reached the place, (lie fuddenly (Iruck, and her head remained im- moveable, fixed on a Cv>ral rock ; in which lituation (he remained near an hour, vhen (he was happily relieved by a breeze from the (norc. During the whole time that (he was in danger of being wret-kcd, llic was cn- compafTedby hundreds of Indians in their canoes ; but not one of them attempted to board her. The Dolphin was now- piloted round a reef, into an harbuur,^wherc fhe was moored. The mafler was tiieii fcnt to found the bay, and found fafe anchorajje in every part of it. In the mean time fomc fmall canoes brought provilions on board ; but as the (hore was crowdeil with large canoes, (illed with men, the Captain loaded and primed his guns, fupplied hislx>ats with nuifquetecrs, and kcjit a number of men under anns. On Wednefday the 24th, the (liip failed up the liar bour, and many canoes followed us, bringmg provi- (ions, .vhich were exchanged for nails, knives, ike. A number of very I;irge canoes advanced in the evening, laden with (^oncs, on which the Captain ordered the ftrideft watch to be kept. At length fome canoo came off, which had on board a number of woincn. who being brought ainiod under the fliip, began to Eravflife tnofc arts of indelicacy already mentioned, luring this lingular exhibition the large canoes came round the fnip, Ionic of the Indians playing on a kind of a flute, others (inging. and the reft blowing a fort of flu'lls. Soon after a large canoe advanced, in which was an awning; and on the top of it fit one of the na- tivcs, holduig fome yellow and red foaxhers in his hands. The Captain having confenttd to his coming along-fidc, he delivered the feathers, and while a pre- fent was preparing for him, he put back I'rom the ll>ip, and threw the branch of a cocoa-tree in the air. This was, doubtlefs, the (ignal for an onfct, for there w a« an intrant (hout from all the canoes, which, approaching the fliip, poured volleys of (tones into every part ot her. On this two guns, loaded w ith fmall dun, were find, and the people on guard difchamcd theirmufquets. The number of Indians round the (hip were full 2000, and though they were at iirlt difconccrted, they Coon recovered their fpirits, and renewed the attack. Thou- fands of the Indians were now obferved on Ihorc, em- barking as fart as the canoes could bring them olF: orders were therefore given for (iring the cannon, fomc of w hich were brought to bear upon the (liore. This firing put a ftop to all ho(\ilitics on the part of the Indians, for a (mall time; but the fcaitcred canoes foon got together again, and, having hoirted white ftreamers, advanced, and threw ftones of two yound weight from (lings, by w hich a number of the fcamen were woui\d- cd. At this time fevcral canoes approached the bow of the (liip, from whence no (hot had been yet difchargcd. In one of thefe was an Indian, who appeared to have an authority over the re(t, a gun was tncrelbre levelled at his canoe, the (hot of which fplit it in two pieces. 'ITiis put an end to the contcft, the canoes rowed off w ith the utniolV fpccd, and the people on (hore ran and con- cealed themfelves behind the hills. After this (l4lt*tl»,»MII'«MM» -l^n ■iMBP- .l^r'"^A ■»i' 'y^i i«i'< ' «t»f- i-. . _,. '% fM 1 k 1^ ■ it ; ! ■.illS \\ «r:'|. i' iii .1 f 4 .^ )■ I i-iil lit, :J? mi: ':»i"f ir»«« !«!. * 1 , • ^1 .4- '•if. Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE— ibr making Dlfcoveriej in the Sou THEkN Oci:an,8cc. 265 who, according to orders, dcftroycd all the Indian canoes which could be met with. At length a fmall party of the natives came to the beach, ftucic up fomc Wall branches of trees, as if for tokens, and then rc- trcatccl to the woods ; however they came agam, and breugi i fome hogs and dogs with their legs tied, which they left on the fliorc, together with a quantity of fuch < loth as they wore, all wh ich they made (igns to the failors to take away. On this, a boat was difpatched which conveyed the hogs on board, but left behind the other articles ; hatchets and nails were alfo dcDofitcd on the beach in return for thcfe prclents, but the Indians would by no means accept them till the cloth was taken away. . On S.iturday the 27th, a party bcmg employed in filling water, the old Indian was feen on the oppofitc tide of the river. After having delivered an oration in his manner, he came over, when the officer referred him to the b.igs and ftoncs which had been brought down, and ufed his endeavours to convince him that the Englilh in the late adion had aUcA only from monves of felf defence. The old man. however, fecmcd to think his countrymen much aggrieved, and with grelt openncfs intimated his opinion. However at laft he fuffcrcd himfelf to be reconciled, (hook hands with the lieutenant, and accepted fomc prefents from him. It wag then hinted to him that it would be bell for the people of the ifland to appear only in fmall parties for the future, with which terms the Indian appeared fatisfied, and an advantageous traffic was afterwards ertablilhed with the natives. Matters being thus fettled, the lick were fent on ftiore. ami were lodged, under the care of the fiirgeon, in tents near the watering place. This gentleman (hooting a wild duck, it dropped on the oppofitc fide of the river, in the prefence of fomc Indians, who fled diredlyj but ftopping within a (hort fpacc, one of them was at laft perluadcd to bring the ifuck over, which he laid at the furgeon's feet, but, at the fame time, the agitation of his mind was vifibic in his .ountenance. Three ducks were killed by a fecond (hot, and the natives were by this time poflencd with fiich a notion of the elFeifls of fire arms, as whilft it raifed their admiration, was fuppofed to contribute in a great nuafure to their good behaviour towards the Englilh diiring their ftay in thcfe parrs, though there might be another reafon affigned for this before their departure, as will be apparent in the fequ';l. The gun- ner was now appointed to manage all affairs of trade between the Indians and the failors, in order to prevent quarrelling and pilfering. This was a judicious choice ; the natives fometimes Hole certain trifles, but imme- diate rcftitution was made On the light of a gun. Be- lidcs, the old Indian m.ide himfelf very ferviceablc in recovering any thing that might have been taken away. In particular, an Indian fwam one day over the river, and pilfered a hatchet, on which the gunner making preparations, as if he meant to go in fearch of him, the goods «-erc reflored by the old man's means, and the oircndcr was alfo delivered up 10 the gunner. Though he had romrr.itted other roljlnrits, yet the Captain dif- charged him ; and all his punilhment conlifted in his terrible apprrhenfions. Being rellored to his country- men, he was condudtcd to the woods in the midft of their fhouts ofapplaufc. This man had the gratitude to bring a roafted hog and fome bread fruit to the gun- ner next day, as an acknowledgement for the lenity (hewn him. The Captain, firfl lieutenant, and purfer, wei -■ at this time very ill ; fo tliat the charge of the velfel, and the care of the fick, wrre comnJtted to Mr. Furneauv, the fecond lieutenant, who difoharged his duty with zeal and fidelity; and fruit, fowls, and frefh !;ork, were procured in fuch plenty that at the end of burteen days almolt every man had pcrfet'tly recovered his he.iih. A piece of fait petre, of the (i/.e of a fmall egg, iiH'^ been found on the 25th on the (hore; but whcth'^r it w: brought from the (hip or not, could not be icarri^^xi, ..I'vithe moft diligent enquiry; but how- ever, no other piece was found. On the 2nd of July, vc began to want fruit and frelh meat, owing to the No. 32. abfcncc of the old Indian, but \»c had ftill a fufficient fupply for the (ick. On the 3rd, the fliip's bottom was examined, when its condition Was found to be- nearly the fame as when (he left England. This day a (hark was caught, which proved an atceptable prefcnt to the natives. The old Indian, who had vifited the interior parts of the ifland in queft of provilions, re- turned on the 5th, and brought with him a roalled hog as a prefent fiir the Captain, who in return, gave him a looking.glafs, an iron pot, &c. His return was foon followed by fomc of the natives, who had ncvir yet vifited the market, and who brought fomc hogs that were larger than any yet purchafed. Another fort of traffic was now elfablilhcd between the Indian giiis and the failors. The price of a female's favour:, was a nail or two ; but as the leamen could not always get at the nails, they drew them out of fcveral parts of the Ihip; nor could the oflenders be difcovcred b)' the lyrietcft enquiry. The damage done to the VLdi 1 might have been ealily irp^ired ; but a worfe C(mre-]uencc arofe from this traliic ; for on the gunner's oH'i'iing fmall nails for hogs, the Indians produced large fpikt a,' demanding fuch as thofe. Some of tlje men made ufi; of a particular device to gratify their paffions ; for when they could procure no more nails, they cut lead into the (liapc of them, and paffcA thofe pieces on their unful|)ecting paramours. When the Indians difcover- ed the (iauci, they demanded nails for the lead ; but this jull demand could not be granccd, becaufc it would have promoted the ftealing of lead, and likcwife in- jured the traliic with iron. In confequcnce of their connection with the women, the failors became fo im- patient of coiitroul, that the articles of war were read, to aw'e them into obedience ; and a corporal of marines was feverely piinifhed, for ftriking the matter at arms. The Captain's health being nearly rellored, he went in his boat to (urvcy the ifland, which he found extreme- ly delightfiil, and ever)' where wt^l peopled, ()n Wednefday the 8th, the wood-cutters wcreen- tert.iined in a friendly manner by certain Indians, who feemed to be of a rank above thofe they had yet fecn, and I'ome ol thcfe vifiting the Captain, he laid before them a thirty-fix-fhilling piece, a guinea, a crown- piece, a dollar, fome (hillings, (bine new half-pence, and t"(> lar^c nails, intimating that they might take their choice, when they eagerly fcized the nails, and then took a ttw half-pence, but left all the other pief the vallc, ic.roiigh which the river flowed, the f( 1 v> js b. i. k, and there were feveral houfes with walled ganlcns, anJ plenty of fowls and hogs. In many 'ihces channels were rut to condudl the water from tl. • Hills to the plantations. No underwood was found be. c.^ih the tiers, but there was Roodgrafs; the bread-fruit and apple-titrs were fct ill rows upon the hill«, and ihectroa lutgrew upon the /).*,#'; Captain WALLIS's VOYAGE — for making Difcovcries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 267 the lerel ground. The ftreams now meandered through varioui windings, and the crag« of mountains hung over the travellcn heads. When they had walked about four miles they refted, and began their breakfall under •n apple>tree. At this time they were alarmed by a loud (hout from a number of the native}. On this they were going to betake themfelves to their arms, but the old Indian made (igns that they (hould fit (till. He then went to his countrymen, and it was prcfently obferved that they became nlent and withdrew. They afterwards returned, bringing with them feme rcfrclh- ments, in exchange for which they received buttons and other tritlcs from the lieutenant. The party then Eroceeded, looking everv where for metals and ores, ut found nothing of that fort worth attending to. And now the old Indian being tired, gave his Englilh companions to underftand tliat he was dcfiious of re- turnmg^ but he did not leave them till he had given diredions to the Indians to clear the way over a moun- tain. After his departure his countrymen cut branches from the trees, and laid them in a ceremonious man- ner at the feet of the feamen ; they then painted them- felves red with the berries of a tree, ami ftained their garments yellow with the bark of another. By the af- liilance of thefe people, the moll difficult parts of the mountains were clmibed, and they agam rcfrcfhvd themfelves at its fummit, when they faw other moun- tains fo much above them, that they feenied as in a valley. Towards the fea. the profpcdt was inexprcflibly bc.iutiful, the (ides of the hills being covered witn trees, ami the valleys with grafs, while the whole country W.1S iiitcrfperfed with villages. They faw but few houl'es on the mountains above them, but as fmoke was obferved in many places, it Was conjeClurcd, that the higheft were inhabited. Many (prmes gufhed from the fides of the mountains, all of Whicn were covered with wood on the fides and with fern on the fummit. The foil even on the high land was rich, and the fugar cane grew without cultivation; as did hkcwife tur- meric and ginger. Having a third time refrelhed themfelves, they dcfcended towards the fliip, occaiion- ally deviating from the dircft way, tempted by the pleafant fituation of feveral houfes, the inhabitants of wiiich entertained them in the moft hofpitable manner. They faw parrots, parroquets, green doves, and ducks. The lieutenant planted the Rones of cherries, peaches and plumbs, feveral kinds of garden feeds, and oranges, lemons and limes. In the afternoon they refted on a delightful fpot, where the inhabitants drtfTed them two hogs and feveral fowls. Here they ftaid till evening, when they rewarded the diligence of their guides, and repaired to the (hip. On the 26th, the Captain was vifitcd by the queen with her ufual prefents, and this day we difcontmued taking in wo;k1 and water, and prepared for failing. A greater nuiwbcr of Indians now came to the fea-fliore, than we had ever yet fccn ; and of thefe feveral appeared to he i^rfons of copfcquence. In the afternoon the q\iecn vilited Captain Wallis, and folicited him to nmain ten days longer; but being informed that he fliouid . irtainly fpil on the following day, (he burft into tears. She now demanded when he would come again, and wa.s told in 50 days j Ihc remained on board till evening, when being informed that the boat waited for her, Ihe wept with more violcm e than flie had yet done. At length this affeiiiionate woman went over the fliip's (idc, as did the old Indian who had been fo (erviccabic to the crew. This man had ftgnifieH that his fon fhculd fail with the Captain ; but wh .n 1 lie tunc came the youth «as not to be foiinJ, froii. whence it was coiicluiled that parent il atVcdion hai.. caufi'd the old man ro forfeit his word. The next ri "•niiij» eai ly two boats were fen to fill a tew calks ot ivatt'r ; but the ofKcer, alaii.ml at lindinj^ the (hore ennded with the natives, prepared to return. This oc( .liioned the queen to come iorwai\l, who ordered the Indians to retire to the other fide of the river, after which fhe made (igui for the bo.us to come on llwi\. While they were (illing the water ll.t oukicJ fomc paimts to be put into the boat, and earnellly delired to go o.icc more to the (hip, but the officer being ordcrra not to bring olF a (ingle native, (he ordered her double canoe out, and was followed by many others. When flw had been on board for an hour, weeping and lamenting, wc took advantage of a fre(h breeze, and got under fail. She now embraced t he captain and officers, and left the (hip ; but as the wind fell, the canoes put back, and reached the (liip again, to which the queen's was made fad, and advancing to the bow of it (he there renewed her lamentations. Captain Wallis prefented her w ith feveral articles of ufe and ornament, all which (he re- ceived in mournful fllence. The breeze fpringing up again, the queen and her attendants took their final leave, and tears were (hed on both fides. The place were the (hiphad lain at anchor, was called Port Royal Harbour, and is fituate in 1 7 dcg. jo min. of fouth lat. and t jo deg. of well long. The following are the particulars we have fcledled of the cuftoms, manners, &c. of the people of Otaheitc. With regard to their flature, the men arc from five feet feven to five feet ten inches high, the ftandard of the women, in general, near three mches (horter, the tallcft among them being about (ive feet fcvcii inches, they were moflly handfome, and fome of them are defcribed as being really beautiful. The complexion of fuch of the men as are much employed on the water is reddifh, but their natural colour is what u called tawny. Ihe colour of their hair is not like that of the Ea(l Indians and Americans, black, but is diverfificd like that of the Europeans, having among them bhck. browni red, and flaxen ; mod of the children having the latter : when loofe, it has a ftrong natural curl, but it is ufually worn tied in two bunches, one on each (idc the head, or in a (ingle bunch in the middle. They anoint the head with the oil of the cocoa-nut, mixed u ich a root of a fragrant fmell. The women, as we have before obferved, do not coniider chaflity as a virtue, for they not only readily and openly trafficked with our people for pcr- fonal favours, but were brought down by their fathers and brothers for the purpofe of proftitution : they were, however, confcious of the value of beauty ; and the (izc of the nail that was demanded for the enjoyment of the lady, was always in proportion to her charms. When a man offered a girl to the carefTcs of a failor, he (hew cd a dick of the fizeof the nail that was to purchafc her company; and if our people agreed, (lie v. as fentovcr to them, for our feamen were not permitted tocrofs the river. Their cloaths are formed of two pieces of cloth, made of the bark of a (Imib, and not unlike coarfe china paper. In one of them a hole is made for the head to pafs through, and this hangs down to the middle of the leg, from the (houlders tx)th before and behind ; the other piece which is between four and five y.-irds long, and nearly one broad, they wrap round lisc bo.ly, and the whole forms an eafy, decent, and trac-ful ^Irefs. They adorn themfelves with flowers, fo 'hts, li.clls, and pearls. The lad are worn chiefly by the women j the Captain purchafcd two dozen of a fmall lize and Pood coloifr, but they were all fpoiled by boring. Mr. urncaux faw feveral, in his excurfion to the weft, but he could purchafe none with any thing he had to offer. It is a univcrfal cuftom with both fexes, to mark the hinder part of their thighs and loins with black lines in various forms. This is done by (Iriking the teeth of an indrumcnt, fomcwhat like a comb, jud through the (kin, and rubbing into the pundurcs a kind of paf»c made of foot ana oil, which leaves ao indelible (tain. The boys and girls under twelve years of age arc not marked, but we faw a few men whofe legs were punduated, and thefe appeared to be pcrfons of dif- tindtion. I One of the principal attendants on the queen, wan 'Tiiich more difpofed to imitate our m.nnncrs than the reft; and our people, with whom he foon became a fa- vourite, diftinguilhed him by the name of Jonathan. Ihis man Mr. Furneaux clothed completely in an Eng- lilh drcfs, and It became him extremely w ,1. As". WW £68 VOYAGES ROUND tJ.c WORLD C o m p i f t r. j i ij v': was lluwl water at the landing place, our oHkcrs were tarrietl by the inJians on flioro, anil Jonathan, airiiminj; ttatcwith his new liiiery, uouiiJ btMurricil by fiinic ot his people in the fame manner. In attempting to ul'c a knit'canJ tiirkat meals, at lirll his hand always came to his mouth, and the vichiaU, on the end ot the fork, went a« ay to his ear. Ik-lides the articles alreaily men- tioned, thefe people cat the Hefli of doas. Kats abound in the illami, but, as far aswc could diUovcr, they make no oart oV their food. In their rivers arc good talU-d niiillets, but they are neitlier large nor in plenty. On the reef are ;lly healed. Our fun^eon af» terwaids ufed this vulnerary balfam with grrtu fuc lefs. In this illand arc feveral llieds encloleuwithin a wall, and the aiea is generally paved with targe ruiiiut Hoiiesj but it appeared not to be much trodden, (or the gials grew every w here between them. On the outdjc ol the wall were leveral rude figures reli:mbling men, women, hogs and dogs, carved on polls, that were Ijxed in the ground. We do luit think thele places arc let apart tiir religious worOiip, of which we could not difcoN er the leaH traces amonu thefe people ; but w e con- jecture thev may be repolitories of the dead, for we law many of the nattvA enter them, with a (low pace and dejected countenance. They have three kinds of canoes. One are formed out of tingle trees, ufed chicHy (or (ilhing, and carry from two to lix men. We faw many of thefe upon the reef A fccond fort arc made of planks fewed neatly together, and large enough to hold (brty men. Two o( them are generally lathed together, having two malls fet up between them; but, if fingle, they have an out- rigger on one Tiile, and only one mart in the middle. I hey fail in thefe beyond the light of land, probably to other illands, and bring home piaintains, banaiws, and otherfruiis. A third Kind, not unlike the gondolas of Venice, ate intended principally for lliew, ami ufed by parties of pleafure. Thefe are very large, but have not any (ails. The middle is covered with a large awning, and fome of the people tit U|)on it and fome under it. On thelirll ami iVcoiul day alter our nrn\al, fome of thele vellels came ucar thetliipi but al'ienvards we only f,iw, three or Inur tunes a week, a piocellion ol eight or ten of them p.illinj; at adillaiice, with Iheameis tly- iiig.aml a great niimberof fmall canoe; attending them. rtiey frcmieiitly lowed to the uutwanl poiiit ot a nxf, that lay about tour mills to the wcllwaid of us, where tiiey conlinm-d about an hour and then returneil. 'I'lltfc pioccllions arc made only in line weather, and on fuch uccalions the 4)cii])le on board are dielled; thouj;,h in the other canovs, they have nothing but a piece of cloth wrapped round the middle. 'Ihofc in the large ca- niH-s, who rowed and Itccrcd, were drelled in white; ihofe who fat upon t!;c a'.uiing and under it,in white and red; anil two men, wliu wore mounted on the prow of each vein I, in red only. 'I'hc plank of thele \ elicit i« made by Ipliituig a tree, with the grain, into as iii.iny thin pieces as vhey can. The tree is tirll felled with ii kiiidof hatchet, or adze, made of a hard grctnilh Hone, fitted very completely into a handle: it is then cut into Inch lengths, as arc required li>r the plank, one end of which is heated till it begins to crack, and il.en with wedges of hard w(xkI they fplit it down: lome of thefe planks are two feet broad, and from i 5 to 2U feet long. They fminith them with adzes of the fame materials and conllruCtion, but of a fmaller (izc. We law tix or eight men fumetimcs at work ujwn the fame plank, aiul, as their tools fiM)n lofc their edge, every man has by hint a cocoa-nut thcll tilled with water, and a Hat Hone, whereon he tliarpcns his adze aliiioH every minute. The planks are generally brought to the thicknefs of about an inch, and are afterwards titted to the boat with the fame exact nefs as would be expci.'ted from an expeit joiner. To fallen thefe planks together, holes are bored, through which a kind of plaited cordage is palled, but our nails anfwcrcl the purpofe of fallening them toge. ther much bett> r. '''('he fcams are caulked with dried rulhes, and the whfilcoutlidcof the canoe is paid with a gummy fubrtance, produced from their trees, aiul which is fubHituted in the rotim of pitch. The wood which they ufc for tlu-ir large canoes, is that ot the ap- ple tree; which grows very large and Hrail. Many of thefe HKafured near eight leet in the girth, and from twenty to forty in the branches, with very little diminu- tion in the lize. Their fmall canoes are nothing more than the hollowed trunks of the bread-fruit-tree, which is Hill more light and fpongy. The trunk of this tree is lix lectin girth. In the opinion of Captain Waltis, this ifland of Ota- heite Captain WALLIS'i VOYAtJC— for making Dilcovctka In the 5o07 hern Ockau.&c. i6() nd of Ota- heite heite it one of the liion healthy iii well as dchj^htful hxKi in the world. The diniaic appcan to be very oood.and we faw no appearance of difcalc anions the nativei. The hilU are covered with woi)d,and il»c val- leys with hertMge. The air in general i* (o pure, that, notwithlbnding tht he«t, our Helh meat kept very well twodayi.and our Alt) one. We met with mi lro}{, toad, fcorpion, centipietl, or ferpent, of any kind; and the only troublcfomc infetiUthat wc faw were ants, ol which thert were but few. The fouth-eall part ol the illand fecnufobe better cultivated and inhabited than where we lay, for we faw every day boati come round from thence laden with plantainsi and other fruiu. While wc lay off thii ifland, the benefit we received, with refpcd to the (hip'i company, wa« beyond our moll fanguine cxpcdationi, for we had not now an invalid aboard, except the two lieutenanu, and the captain, and they were recovering, though Hill in a feeble condition. Many aflertiont have been advanced with rcfpciil to the firft introducer* of the venereal difeafc into thin ifland. " It it certain, (obferves Captain VVallis) that none of our people contratled the vctica-al difcalc here, and therefore, a* they had free commerce with jgrcat numbers of the women, there is the gretitcll probability that it was not then known in the countrv. It wa*. however, found here by Captain Cook in the I£ndcay. our, and as no European veffel it known to have vi- fited this ifland before Captain Cook's arrival, but the Dolphin, and the Boudcule and Etoil, rominandcd by M. Bougainville, the reproach of liav. ig contaminate j with that dreadful pert, a race of happy people, to w hoiu ' its miferies had till then been unknown, mull be due either to him or to me, to England or to France : and I think myfelf happy to be able to exculpate m)lclt' and my countrv beyond a pollibilitv of a doubt. Ic is well known, tnat the furgeon on board his majcfly's fhips keep* a till of the pcrfont who are flck on board, fpecifying their difeafes, and the times when they came under his care, and when they were difchargcd. It happened that I was once at the pay table on board a fliip, when fevcral failors obiected to the payment of the furgeon, allcdging. th.-it although he had difcharged them from the lilt, and reported them to be cured, yet their cure was incomplete. From this time it has been my conflant practice when the furgeon re|Jortcd u man tobecured, who had been upon the fick lift, tn cull the man before me, and a(k him whether the report was true: if he allcdgcd that any fymptotna of his com- flaint remained, I continued him uion thelifl; if not, required him, as a contirnution of tnc furgcon's report, to iign the book, which was always done in my pre- fence. A copy of the lick lid on board the Dolphin, during this voyage, figned by every nun in my pre- fcnce, when he was difcharged well, in confirmation of the furgeon 's report, written in my own hand, and con- firmed Dy my alHdavit. I have depoiited in the admi- ralty t by which it appears, that the laft man on boird the fhip, in her voyage outward, who was upon the fi:k lifl for the venereal Jifcafc, except one who was fent to England in the flore Ihip, was difcharged cured, and figned the book on the 37th of December 1766, iK-ur fix months before our arrival at Otahciti which was on the 19th of June 1 767 i and that the firfl man who was upon the lift ror that difeafc, in our return home, was entered on the 26th of February 1 768. lix months after wc left the ifland, which w as on the 26th of July 1 767 > fo that the (hip's company vvas intirtly free fourteen months within one day, the very middle of which time wc fpent at Otaheite; and the man who was< voyage with hik friends for his own pleafurc. in vilirs, at table, and in walk- ing, he endeavoured to iinlt.ite' the manners and cuf- toms of the l'^ro|>eans. When M. de BougainvilL- Uli Aotourou on bo:ird, on his lirft vilit to the governor, ho imagined the umiflion was owing to hiii knees being beiu inwards, and with (greater limpliiity than good fcnfe. he applied to foine of ihc fiainen to get upon them, fuppoling they would, by that mean., be lorced into a lira ght ilirei.tion, I le \\.is very earnell to know if I'aris was as fine as the Dutch f.iClory where he theit was. At Hatavia, the delight which he lilt on his lirlt arrival, from the lightoftheobjeCtsthat )>iefented thciii' felves might o|M:rat^, in fome degree, ub an antidote to the [loifon of the placci but luring the latter part of their Hay here, he fell fick. and continued ill aconlider- able time through the remainder of the ' jyage ; but his readincfs in taking phytic, was equal to a man Utrn at Paris. Whenever he fpokc of Iktavi.i afterwards, he always called it enoue nute " the land that kills. " This Indian, during a rclidenceof two years in 1' ranee, does not appear to have done much credit to himl<:lf or hi:* country. At the end of that time he could only utter a few wordsof the language; which indocile difpolition M. de Bougainville exciife:; with great ingenuity and ap- parent realon, by obferving. that. " he was at leall thirty years of age : that his memory had never been exer- cifed before in any kind of fliidy. nor had his mind ever been employed at all. He was totally dillc-rent from an Italian, a Cierman, or an Knglilliman, w ho can, in a twelveiiKinih's time, fpcak a French jargon tolerably well; but thenthefe have a limilar grammar; their mo- ral, phylical. political, and fo<:ial ideas are much the fame, and all exprelFctJ by certain words in their lan- guage asthey are in the F'reneh tongue; they have there- fore little more than a tranflaiion to lix in their memo- ries, which retentive fiiculiiej have been exercifed from their infancy. The Otaheitc«n man, on the contrary, having only a fmall nunil^rof ideas, relative on the one hand, to ihemoll finipleamt limited fucieiv.and, on the other, to wants which arc reduced to the I'mallelt num- ber polfible, he would have, firlt of all, as it were, ta create a world of new ideas, in a mind as indolent as his boily; and this prcvi' is work nuirt be done before he can come fo far as to adapt to them the words of an Euro- E;an language, by which they arc to be exprclfed." ut Aotourou feems to have kept very much below the flandard, which the French apologill pleads he was noc required to furpafs; for he really was not able, after two years inltruCtion, to tranilate his Otaheiteaii ideas, few and Ample asthey were, into F'rcnch. This itineranc cnib.-irked at Uochelle A. D. 1770, onbu-ird the Urif. fon, which was to carry him to the ifle of France, from whence, by order of the French miniflry, he was to be fent by the intendant to his native country, and for this puqwfe, M. de iiougainville intbrms us that he gave tit- teen hundred pounds llerling, (a third part of his whole foitune)towanJs the equipment of the Uiip intended for this navigation. But notwithltanding thefe endeavours to reflore the adventurous Aotourou to his country and connexions, he had not reached them when Capt. Cook w as at Otaheite in 1 774.: and Mt. Forller fays he died of the fmall pox. '•'J, 'V. i 3Y CHAP. in. I 870 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Compute. * i '*■'/ I ii i ,:«*;. CHAP. III. TV D*lffruit, and apple-trccs. On the }8th, we difcovered land, which wai called Sir r>-,irlci Saunderx's Ifland. It ii alwut iix miles Icia Irnm Ii. to W. and lies in latitude 1 7 dec. 3 8. inin. foulh, and in 151 deg. 4min. welHongi. tuuc. On the weather fide are marw ^rent breakers, and the ler-dde is rocky, ncverihcleU, m many places there appears to be good anchora(|^. In the center is a mountain, which feenis to be fertile. The few inhabi. tants we faw appeared to live in a wretched manner, in finall huts, very ditt'erent froi 1 the ingenious natives of King George's Ifland. Cocoa-nut and other trees ga-w on the Ihore, but all of them had their tops blown away. On the 10th, we again nude land, at day-break, bearing N. by £. to N. W. We ftood for it but could find no anchorage, the whole ifland being encircled by dangerous breakers. It is about ten miles in length, and four in breadth, and lies in latitude 1 6 deg. 46 inin. fouth, and in 154 deg. 13 inin. wclUangitudc. l)n the lee part a few cocoa nuts were growing, and we perceived fmoke, but no inhabitants. The Captain named this new difcovered land Lord Howe's Illand. In the afternoon wc difcovered in latitude 16 dvg. a 8 min fouth, longitude 155 deg. 30 min. weft, a group of illands or flioali, exceeding dangerous; tor in the night, however clear the weather, and by day, if it is hazy, a fliip may run utwn them without feeing land. At live o'clock we dcfcried the breakers, run- ning a ^Kii way to the Ibulhwardi and foon after low laad to the S. W. We turned to windward all night, and at nine o'clock, of the 3 ill, got round the fhoals and named them Scilly Illandi. On Thurfdayhc 13th of.Vuguft, having continued ur courfe v.eftward, two fmall iflands came in view. The firll, ar noon bore W. half S. diltant five leagues, and had the appearance of a fugar loaf. The center of the fci und role in the form of a peak, and bore W. S. W. dilhnt fix le.^giic$. Toone, which is nearly a circle, in diameter three miles, wc gave the name of Itofcawen's Illand i and this we believe to be the only inftance which jKTCun, of an ifland receiving the name of a de- ceafcd great man. .\dmiral Bofcawcn died in the year 1761. The other iiland, which is three miles and a half in length, we called Keppel's Ifle. Port Royal at this time bore eaft 4 deg. fouth, diflant 478 leagues. At two o'lluck, P. M. we faw frveral inhabitants upon Bofcawen'b Illand j but Kejipel's bcingto windward, and appearing more likely to afford uj ptxxl anchorage, we hauled up for it. At fix, being dillant therefrom nearly two miles, w e obfervcd, by the help of our glaffes, many of the nativca upon the beach •, but we did not attempt to anchor, on account of fomc breakers at a confickrablc diftancc from the ifland. However, on the 14th, early in the morning, the boats were dif- patchcd to found and vifit the illand. At noon they returned, without having found any gro«jnd, within a cable's length of it ; but fceinj; a reef of rocks, they had hauled round the fame, and got into a Iqrge deep bay full of rocks: without this was anchorage from 14 to 20 fathoms, bottom fand and coral; and within a rivulet of good water ; but the fhorc Iwing rocky, they went in fearch of a better landing place, which they found about half a mile farther, and went albore. Our people reported, thf.t the inhabu.inti were not unlike thofe ol Otaheitc; they were cloatned in a kind of nutting, and were remarkable for having the firll joint of their little Rngen cut ofl'. They fecmed to be peace- ably inclined, and thrceof them from their ranocs came into the boau when they put off, but Aiddcniy jumped overboard, and fwam back to the illand, where atiout 50 of their countrymen flood on the fhore ready to receive rhem, but who would not advance nearer than about 100 yards to our people. Thefe brought on board two !nwlt, and fome fniit, but they faw not any ho^. 'i'illthit day, Ccptain Wallii had entertained a defign of rt;uriiinK to England by the way uf the Ma- gellanic Straits 1 but as no convenient watering place was to be found at this iOand, and as the fhip Ind re« ceived fume damages, that had rendered her unfit to encounter a rough fea, he determined to fail for Tinian, from thence to Butavia, and fo home by the Cape of Good Hope. By this route, as far as we could judge, we cxpeded to be fooner at home, and fuppoling the fhip might not be in a condition to ipakc the whole voyage, we lliould Dill have a greater probabili'y of faving our lives, as fn?m this place to Uatavia, we fliould have a calnt fea, and be not far from port. Wc think it rather extraoidinary that a thought (hould be enter- tained by Captain Wallis, 0.' returning by the way we came < as, independent of the prodigious unneceflar/ rifk that would Dc run, the honourof navine gone over the entire circumference of the globe would have been lofl : for a vcwage into the Soutn Sea would have had nothing attractive in its found ; but a voyage round the world, was calculated to draw general attention. In confequence of the above refolution, we palfed Bof- cawen's Illand, which is well inhabited, and abounds with timber; but Keppel's is by far the largeit and beft Illand of the two. I'he former lies in latitude '5 ^^^K- 5° "^'n- iouth, longitude 175 dee. weft; and the latter in latitude 15 ucg. 55 min. longitude 1 75 deg. 3 min. welt from London. We continued our courfe W. N. V, . and, On Sunday tl.e i6th, at ten o'clock, A. M. wc dif- covered land bearing N. by E. and at noon were within three leagues of it. Within fhore the land appeared to Ik high, but at the water-flde it was low ; and teemed to he furrounded with reefs that extended two or three miles into the fea. The coaft is rocky, and the trees grow almoft to the edge of the water. We hauled without a reef of rocks, to get round the lee-fidc of the ifland, and at the fame time fcnt oft the t)oats to found and examine the coaft. Our people found the trees to be of different forts, luanv of tncm very large, but all without fruit : on the Ice-lidc indeed were a few cocoa-nuts, but not a fmgle habitation was m be fcen ; norany kindof nnimals, cither birds or bealts, except fea fowl. S Hmtographic Sdences Corporaiion 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 •SJ i\ <^ ^ ^A^ ,u 11 Captain WA^LIS's VOYAGE—for making Difcpveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 271 canoes, all along the reef till they got to the breach, and then they rowed back. Wc (hall here remark, ai an extraordinary circumnance, that although no fort of metal wa« feen on any of the latdy difcovcred iflands, yet the natives were no fooner poflcfled of a piece of iron than they bqgan to flwrpen it, but did not trrat copper or bra's in the fame nunner. When the boats returned, which wu about fix in the evenini^ the malter reported. that all within the reef was rocky, but thwt at two or three placet without it there was good an- chorage in 18, 14, and la &thoms, upon land and coral. The opening in the reef is 60 fathoms broad, where, if prefled by nccellitjr, a fliip may anchor, or moor, in eight fathoms ; but it will not be fafc to moor with a greater length than half a cable. This ifland the officers called after the name of our commander, Wallis's Idand. It is fituated in latitude 13 dcg. 1 8 min. fouth, and in 1 77 deg. weft longitude. Having hoi (led in our boau we ran down four miles to leeward, where we lay till the morning; and then, finding that the current hadfet us out of fight of the ifland, we made fail totheN. W. On Friday the 28th, wccroflcd the line into northern latitude, our longitude being, by obfcrvation, 1 87 deg. 34 min. wed from London. During this courfe many birds were feen about the (hip, one otwhich was caught, and refemblcd exadlj^ a dove in fize, Ihape, and colour. On the 29th, in latitude 2 deg. 50 min. north, and in 188 dea well longitude, wc croflcd a great rippling, which mctched from the N. E. to the S. W. as for as the eye could reach from the mall-head. We founded, but found no bottom, wicha line of 200 fathoms. On the 3rd of September, being Thurfday, wc faw land, which was thought to be two of the Pifcadone Iflands. The latitude of one of them is u deg. north, longitude 192 deg. 30 min. wed, and that of the other II deg. 20 min. north, longitude 192 dcg. 58 min. At five o'clock, A. M. we faw more land in the N. W. and at fix, in the N. E. obferved an Indian prow, iuch as is defcribed in the account of. Lord Anfon's voyage. Perceiving (he made towards us, we hoifted Spanifii colours : but Ihc came no nearer than within two miles, at which dillance flic tacked, (luod to the N. N. W. and was out of fight in a ftiort time. On the 7th, we faw a curlew, and on the oth, we caught a land bird, very much refemblinga darling. On Tliurf- day the 1 7th, we obferved in latitude 1 5 deg. north, longitude 212 deg. 30 min. W. On the i8th, at fix o'clock, A. M. we dcfcried the ifland of Saypan, bearing W. by N. didant ten leagues. In the afternoon we came in fight of Tinian, made fail for the road ; and on Saturday the 19th, we came to an anchor in 22 fathoms, fandy ground, at about a mile diftant from the fliore, and half a mile from the reef. We loft no time, after the fliip was fecurcd, in fending the boats on Ihore, to erca tents, and procure fome re- frefliments. In a few hours they returned with oranges, limes, and cocoa-nuts. The futgcon, with all the in- valids, were landed with the utmod expedition ; alJTo the fmith's forge, and a ched of carpenter's tools. The Captain and fird lieutenant, both being in a very fickly condition, went likewife aihorc, ukjng with them a mate and 1 2 men to hunt for cattle in the country. Qn the aoth, the mafter informed us, that there was a better fituation to the fouthward ; we therefore warpod the (hip a little way up, and moored with a cable each way. At fvx o'clock in the evening, our hunter* brought in a fine young bull, of near 500 weight, part of which wckept on fiiore,.and fent the remainder on board, with a good fupply of fruit. The amount of the peo- ple now on fliore, fickand well, was 53. On the aift, we began the neceflary repairs of the fliip. The car- penters were fet at work to caulk her : all the fails were got on fliore, and the fail makers were employed to Biend them: while the armourers were buTy on the iron work, and making new chains for the ru^r. The fick recovered verv ft& from the day they firft breathed the land air : this, however, wu fo different from what we found it in Ouhcitc, that Sdb mcMt which there kept fweet two days, could here be fcarcely kept fweet one. Mear the landing-place we faw the remains .of many cocoa-nut trees, which had all been wantonly cut down for the fruit ; and we were obliged to go three miles into the countiyto procure a finglc nut. The hunters alfo fufferecl incredible fatigue, going frequently 10 on 3 miles, through one continued thicket, and the cattle were fo wild, that it was very difficult to come near them. On this account one party was ordered to relieve another ; and Mr. Gore with 14 men were dationed at the north part of the ifland, where cattle were in much greater plentjr. At day-break every morning, a boat went off to bring io what they caught, or killed, and in this ifland we pro^ cured beef, poultry, papaw apples, and all the other re* frefliments, of which an account is given in Lord Anfon'a voyage t but which differs in fome particulars from the report made of this place by Commodore Byron. During our day at this place, the (hip was laid down by the dern, to get at fome of the dieitning which had been much torn; and in repairing the copper, th^ carpenter difcovercd and dopped a leak under the lining of the knee of the head, by which we had Veafon to hope mod of the water, that the velTel had lately admitted ^n foul weather, came in. On Thurfday the 1 5th of Odlobcr, all the fick being recovered, iiur wood and water completed, and the Dolphin maae fit for fea, every thing was ordered 6a board from th^ fhore ; and all our men were embarked from the watering-place, each having, at lead, coo limes ; and we had fevcral tubs full of the fame fruit on the quarter deck, for every one of the crew to fqucczc 4nto his water what he fhould think (it. On the 16th, at day break, we weighed, and failed out of the bay, fending the boats at the fame time to the north end of the ifland, to bring off Mr. Gore and his hunters. At noon they came on board with a fine large bull which they had jud killed. On WedncfJay the 2ifl, we held on a wederly courfe; and on the 2 and, Tinian being didant 277 leagues, we faw fevera! birds, parti- cularly three refembling gannets, of the fame kind that we had feen when within about 30 leagues of Tinian. On the 23 rd, and the two following days it blew a violent dorm, and we had much thunder, lightning, rain, and a great fea. The fhip hboured very much: the rudder became again loofe, and fliook the dern, a defed which we had before experienced, and which we thought had been remedied at Tinian. The gales in- creafing fplit our gib and main-top-mad day-fail: the fore-fail, and mizen fail were torn to pieces ; and, having bent others, we wore, and dood under a reefed fore-fail, and balanced mizen. The eRe&n of the dorm were more dreaded, as the Dolphin admitted more water than (he had done at any time during the voyage. Soon after we had got the top-gallant-mads down upon the deck, and took in the gib-boom, a fea druck the (hip upon her bow, and wafhed away the round-houfes, with all the rails of the head, and every thing upon the fore
  • ilublc, except thiough foiue lanrs, which are fenced with gates ot (hong thorns : and yet it aiipeirs that the Portuguefe made thcmlelves mailers of C'aiidy, and almoft demolilhcd it, obliging the king to retire to Digligyneur, live miles 8. K. of Candy. 2. Columho, the capital of the Dutch fcttlements, is a great port town in the S. W. part of the ifland, in 7 deg. N. la- titutle, and in 78 deg. E. longitude. It has a goo«l harbour, defended by a caftle, and feveral batteries of guns. In this caftle refides the governor, merchants, orticers and foldicrs, belonging to the F.aft India Com- (tany: and 4000 (Uvea nave their huts between the caftle and the fea. The Dutch have twO hofpitals here : one for the fick and wounded, and another for the orphans, into the fea and at 12 or 13 years of age I and they have a Malabarian fch(M)l for teaching the Indian language. 3. Negumbo, which is alio a m>rt town, lie:i atiout ?c miles north of ColunilMJ. 4. Jatfnapatan, the capital of the province oftlic lainv name, and the northern divifion of this ifland. '1 here is no cinnamon in this part of the ifland, neverthclefs the IXjtch have fortified it all round, to prevent any other nation fending colonies thither. 5. rrincomale Is lituateonthccaft-lideof the ifland, about Ko miles fouth of Punta Pedra, the moft northerly pro- montory of the ifland. 6. Battadalio is another fortrefs, 50 miles fuuth of the former : belides which places, there are the fcven little iflands Ourature, Xho, De- fcrla, AnaUtiva, Caradiva, Pongardiva, and Nainan- diva. With regard to the hiftory of this ifland, the country villii(;esof the natives are very irregular, being not laid out ill Itreets, but every man indoles a fpot of gi ound, w itii a bank or pale luitable to his circumftuuccs, and there are frequently 20 or 30 of thofe inclofurcs pretty near together. The buildings are mean, the houfes of the generality of the people, low thatched cottages, coniifting of one or two gitMind rooms, the fides whereof are fptintered with rattans or cane, which they do not always cover with clay, and if they do, it feems they arc not pennitted to white-wafh them, this being a royal privilege. The better fort of people have a fquaie in the middle of their houfes, and as many rooms on the fides of it as the number of the family requires, with banks of earth raifed a yard high above this fquare court, whereon they fit crofs-legged, and eat or converfe with their friends. Their meat is drefTed in their yards, or a corner of the room. Their furni- ture conlifts of a mat, a ftool or two, a few china plates, with fome earthen and brazen veflTels for water, and to drcfs their meat in, except)onc bcdftead, which is allotted to the mafter of the houfe to lit or fleep on, and this is corded, if wc may ufc the expreflion, with rattans or fmall canes ; and has a mat or two and a ftraw pillow upon it, but no tefter and curtains. The women and children lie on mats by the fire-fide, covering them- felves only with the cloth they wear in the day time ; but they will have a fire burning at their feet, all night, the pooreft among them never wanting fuel, wood be- ing fo plentiful that no one thinks it worth while to claim any property in it. Their Piigodas or Teiriples, whiclrare of any antiquity, are built of heWn frone, with numbers of images tx>th on the infide ami but, but no windows in them, and in all other refpedts like thofe on the neighbouring continent of India; but their temples of a modern date are little k>w buildings with clay walls, almoft in the form of a dove-houfe ; and befides their public temples, they have fmall chapels in their yaixls, fometimes not more than tw« feet fquare, which they fet upon a pillar four feet high, and having placed in it the image they reverence moft, they light candles and lamps before it, and everv morning ftrew flowers while performing their devo- tions. The natives are efteemed men of good p«rt« and addrefs, grave, yet of an eafy temper. They eat and fleep moderately, but are lazv and indolent, which ii 4 H the J .'1 ■1,1; ■V I 1o6 V O Y A G E 8 ROUND the WORLD t o m f l r r k. t the i»fc ill luoft lio( ilimatw. It it ftiit, thm they are not (liven to thieving, but »rc much aiWiCtcJ to IvinK, whiJh fccnw to Ik a paradox i for a man who will lye and deceive, would not niakc much fcniplc to cheat. 'I'hcy arc far (roin being jcaloui, or rcllraining of their women from taking innocent frcedomi. The men are of a moderate ftaturc, and well |troportioncd, wear long l»eard», and have good feature* i their hair and eyca arc black I they have dark complexion*, but not black a* the nativei uiH»n the neighbouring continent ol India are. They tit on mati and carpeti on the Ho<»r, but have a rtool or two for (Krfoni of dillinulgar arc prohibited the ufc of rtool*. Young men of (igure wear their hair long and combed back i but, in a more advanced age, cap» m the form of a nutre arc worn. Their dreU is a wairtcoat of callic», and a piece of the fame wrapped round their wailU, in which they i)ut their knivei and trinkets, and they have a hanger iy their fide, in a lilver fcabbani : bclidcs which they walk with a cane or tuck, and a boy carries a box with betel and areca after them. Ihc betel is a leaf of the fliapc of a laurel leaf, and the arcca-nut »bout the big- neUof a nutmeg, which they cut in thin flicci, with an inftrumcnt made on purpofc for it, and this, with a pane made of lime, they chew together al;-.-;! «11 day long, as moft other Indiana do: tni» mixture fecma to be a kind of opiate, and fenders them perfotUy cafy while they ufc it. They have a jperfon to carry a co- vercd lilver pot, or one made of fomc other metal, to fpit in: for this compolition has a naufeous fmell, and it would be the grcateft affront imaginable to fpit on the carpets or floors in a friend's houfe, and thofe that chew it fpit perpetually. It makes their lips very red, of which they are proud, and this may be one reafon for their taking it; but there is nothing inviting in the uftc of this luxurious dainty, though univcrfally chewed, and is the firft thing offered a llratwcr when he makes a vifit. The women wear their hair long without any covering, and make it rtiine with cocoa- nut oil, which has a very rancid fmell, though the na- tives ertrem it a perfume, for cuftom will bring people to like almoft any thing. The women are drcllcd m a callikO waiftcoat, which difcovers their fliape, and they wrap a piece of callico about them, which falls below their knees, and docs the fervicc of a petticoat: thefc are longer, or (hortcr, according to the quality of the perfon who weara them. They bore holes m their ears, in which they hang fuch a weight of jeweN. or fome- thing ihat refcmblcs them, that you may put a half crown through the hole of their ears: they load their necks alfo with weighty necklaces, which fall upon their breafts. containing a great many ftrings or rounds of beads: their arms are adorned with braccleu i and they have a number of rings on thei. -ingcra and toes j and a girdle of filver wire furrounds their waifts. When they go abroad, they throw a piece of ftriped filk over their neads. which fometimca refembles a hood. The peopje arc obliged to go bare-footed, becaufe none but the king is allowed to wear (hoes atid (lockings. The ufual falutation among thefe people, ia the fame aa in other paru of India, namely, the carrying one or both hands to their heads, according to the quality of the pcifon they falutc. Talkative people are in no repute ; for the neattrt relations, or moft particular friends, do not talk much when they vifit, but lit filcnt a great part ef the time. A man before marriage, fends a fnehd to putchafe the woman's deaths, which (he fnely fells for aftipuhucd fum. In the evening he carries them to her. fleeps with her all night, and in the momiiw ap- poinu the day of marriage s on which he provides an entertainment of two courletfor the friends of both par- ties. Thefeaft is held at the bride's houfe, when the young couple eat out of thclame di(h, flecp t(»ether :hat night, and on the enfuing morning depart for the bridegroom's habitttion. The meaning of making a purchafc of the bride's doaths is, that (lie and her friends may be Satisfied with refpcft to the man's cir- rumftawe*. they are permitted to part with each rther arc lo inclined to avail themfelvesofthm lilnTty, that Come of them hive brcn known to change a do/.eii imici. The prnfcffion of a midwife is unknown, »% the wonipn, in gciirnl, me both willing and qualified on chatoiialion tuadill caih other. I'his ifland (irniluccs ricc,of\vhi(h thcvhave fivcral kindi : one ol them wilt he fcvcn niotithit before it comes to maturity, fmne lix. ,ind othi ih live, iHtwcm the feed time and harvrll : that \»hiih grow* falleft is the beft tailed, but yield* the It.iH iiHic.ifei and ii« all forts of rice grow in water, the inluiliiiaius arc at Srcjtt lawiour andexpciue in levelling thegiound duy elignlbr tillage, and making channels from their well* and rciwlitories of water, to convey to tiiife tkWU: they cut out the fides of their hills fiom the top to the bottom, into little level plains, one almve another, that the water may Hand in them till the corn is ripci and thefe levels not being more than fix or eight feet wide, many of them look like ftairs to afccnd the mountain, at a little dillance. In the north part of the ifiand, where there are lew fprings, they (ave the rain water in great ponds, or tanqucs, of a i.Mie in compafs, in the time of the monfoons. and when their feeds ar« Town, let it down into them gradually, fo that it may liold out till harveft. They do not thrafii, but tread out their corn with oxen and buffaloes, frequently in the (icid where it growi, Wh' it is reaped, they lay out a round fpot of ground for this purpofc, about li feet over, which they dig r, foot and a half deep, and the women, whofc bufincis it is, bring the corn in bun- dles on their heads, after which the cattle arc driven round the pit till they have trampled it out of the firaw : then a new floor is laid i and with half ador.en oxen they will trample out 40 or 50 bulhels a day. Before they begin to tread out the corn, they aluayi^ perform a religious ceremony, and apply to their idols for a blelting on their labours. They have feveral other kinds of grain, which they eat at the latter end of the year, when rice begins to be fcarce, particularly coracan. which is as finail as a mufiara iced. Having beat this, and ground it into flour, they make cakes of it. This grain grows in .dry |;round, and is ripe within three or four months after it IS fown. They have alfo a feed, called tolla, of which they make oil, and anoint themfelvcs with it. In this ifland are a great variety of fruiu, but th^ natives fcldotn eat them ripe, or cultivate any but thofe which ferve to make pickles fortheirfoup or curree, and for fauces, when they are green, to eat with their rice. Of the betel they have great abundance, which they formerly exported to the coafl of Coromandel, to great advantage, before the Dutch excluded them from all trade with foreigners, llic fruit called jacka, ii part of their food. They grow upon lara;e trees, at« rouiKl in their Ihape, and as big as a peck foaf. They are covered with a green prickly rind; have feeds and kernels in them a* big as a chcfnut ; and arc in colour and tafte like them. Tlicy gather thefc jackas before they are ripe ; and, when boiled, they eat much like cabbage ; if fuffercd to grow till ripe, they are very good to eat raw. The natives roall the kernel in the embers, and carry with them when they take a journey, for their provifion. There is another kind of fruit called jumbo, which is very juicy, and taftcs like an ai^le : it is white, ftreakcd with red, and looks very beautiful. They have alfo fome fruits that rcfcmblc our plumbs and cherries; nor do they want any of the common Indian fruits, fuch as mangoes, cocoas, pine- apples, melons, pomegranates, oranges of feveral forts, citrons, limes, &c. They frequently dedicate their fruit to fome dxmon, to prevent their being flolcnt after which their neighbours dare not touch them, left the dsemon. to which they are devoted, (hould puni(h them for the theft ; and before the owner catss of it himfclf, he offers part of it to the idol. Their kitchen gardens are well ffored with roots, plants, and herbs, for the Pottuguefc and Dutch have introduced aU Captain CARTERFT'i VOYAGE— fur making Dilcoverif* in fheSoif nu hn 0>. mill 10 asail \vf Uevn ion ot u ril, me flill each fivp to the her, thai ipci and ■ct w ide, lountain, iHand, in natcr pafi, in fccdit ara •II manner ol lunoiJcan planli that grt)W in oiirkitclien Sirdeiu. '1 hiy alloalwund in niedii inal hcrlw, whuli ey know >ery well how to apply, and with whii h thry perform many noialilecurc». Nor are they in want of floweri of various colours, and a deliciou* ftent, which grow f^iomancoully 1 hut ' arc never cultivated : with thefe, the younn pi-opic ul \ both lexe* adorn their hair. With a variety o» Oilicri, thry have white and red rofi-i, as fwect and brautihil as tljolc in Furope, and a white Mower refcnililiuK jcf- faniine, whiih the king refervca for his own u(e, no fubieck iKiiipt allowed to wear it. There is another flo.ver, whii h is ohferved to open about four every cvrning, and clofe again at four in the morning. Amonir their trees the talipot, which grows very tall and Sraii, is in high repute. A finglc leaf of tins will cover 1 5 or 10 men. and will fold up like a fan : they wear a piece of it on their heads, when travelling, to (kreen them from the fun. They alfo fcrvc the foldiers for tenti to lie under in the fields 1 and their leavea are fo lough, that they make their way w ith them through the thickets without tearing them. There is likewife a tree called kettule, a kind of palm, a* high at a cocoa-tree, from whence they draw a plcnfant liquor > an ouliiury tree yielding three or four galloni a day ; and when boiled, it makes a kind of hrown fugar, called jaggory. The wood of this tree is black, hard, and very heavy. But that ot nioft value to the Dutch, as it was formerly to the Arabs, «nd the Purtu- guefe, is the cinnamon-tree, which grow* commonly in the woods, on the S. W. part of the ifland. The tree is of a middle fr/.c, and has a leaf of the form of a laurel leaf. When the leaves firft appear, they are as fed as fcarler, and being rubbed between the fingers, fmcll like clove*. It Dears a fruit like an acorn, which neither fmcllt nor tafles like the bark ■ but if boiled in water, an oil fwimt on the top, which fmells fwectly, and is ufed at an ointment in feveral dil^em- Ccrt : but as they have great plenty of it, they frequently urn it in their lamps. 1 he tree having two barks, they ftrip off the outhdc bark, which is good for little, and then cue the inner bark round the tree with a f)runing knife t after w hich the^ cut it long ways in ittle flips, and after they have flripped thefe piecei otf, lay them in the fun to dry, when they roll up in tlie manner we fee them brought over. 'I'he body of the tree is white, and fcrves for building, and other ufes, but hat neither the fmcll nor tafle of the bark. When the wind fets off tl^ ifland, tlic cinnamon groves perfume the air for many miles out at fra, of which we have incontcilible evidence ; 4nd mofl likely it in at that time of the year, when the cinnamon trees arc in bloflbm. Of the animals that abound in this ifland, are ele- i>hants of a very large ftzc i alfo oxen, buflalocs, deer, logs, goats, monkeys, and fome wild bcafts; but they had neither horfes, alFcs, or Ihecp, till they were im. |)orted by the Europeans i nor have they any lions or wolves. The elephants feed upon the tender twigs o( trees, corn, and graft, as it is growing, and do the huf- bandmen a great deal of mifchicf, by trampling down their corn, at well as eating it, and fpoiling their trees. The monkeys have black faces and white beards, much refembling old men. Alligators and crocodiles aboXind, ns do alfo fer{)cnts of a monftrout lizc s and here it an animal in all rcfpeds like a deer, but nut bigger than a hare. Vermin and infcn of allies. Union juice, and fait. The bite of thefe ( rraturci 11 f) far from being atceiuled with any ill confec|ucncc), that the bleeding, which ii the etfec't of it, is cflcented vrry w lif)lrl()riic. Their fowls are gcefc. dui k , turkeyn, hen*, woodiDcks, partridges, fnipes, wild ptatock*, parro- qucts, and a beautiful fparrow at white as fnow, all but its head, which is black, \('itli a plume of teathrrt ftanding upright upon it. The tail of thefe birds ii a f(K>t in IriiL^th, In tliis ifland the inhabitants m.nke favoiiry foups of flcdi or llfli, which they eat with their rice : ucople of cemlition will hav0fcvcr.1l difliet at their t.-iblcs, but they conlifl chiefly of rice, foups, herbs, garden-roots, and vegetables. Of fleflj and lilh thry cat but little. Their meat is cut intolinallfquare pieces, and two or three ounces of it laid un rhe fide of the difli by thc.^ rice, and, being feufoncd yery high, gives a relifli to that inli|)id food. They ule no knives or forks, but have ladles and fpoons made of the cocoa-nut fliell. Their plates arc of brafs or china-ware j but the poor have a broad leaf inflead of a plate, and fometimes fcverul leaves fcwcd together with bents, where broad ones arc not to be had. Water is their ufual drink, which they (xiur out of a crucc or bottle, holding it more than a foot above their heads i and fome of them will fwallow near a quart of water in this manner with- out gulping once. Neither wine nor beer is made in this country, but arrack and fpirits are drawn from rice. They never cat beef, the bull and cow being objcifls of adori^pon. Neither the people in a high or low flatiun eat with their wives : the man fltt by nim- felf, and the women and children cat after he 'las dined. In this woody and mountainoui country arc no wheel carriages, unlefs what belong to the Dutch near the fcacoafl. The baggage is carried ufually upon the backs of their Haves. The chief manii^a*lturcs here arecallico and cotton cloths: they make -Mo brafs, cop. per, and earthen vcfTelt, fwords, knives, and working tools : they alfo now riuko pretty good fire-arms ; and goldfmith't work, painting, and carving, are performed tolerably well. We may trace their foreign trade up to the carliefl ages. They fupplicd Perua, Arabia, Egypt, and Ethiopia, with their fpiccs, before Jacob went down into Egypt, which it above jocx) years iince, as appears by the hiflory of Joi'eph's bring fold to Ifl^maehtc merchants, who were travelling with a caravan acroft Arabia to Egypt with the fpiccs of India, of which the cinnamon of Ceylon, that lies near thecoaft of hither India, was no doubt the chief; and fo profitable was ihit branch of trade, ^t|iat ail the nations above inentwned (cntcolonies hither,' ^vhofe defccndants were planted here when the Portugueie firft vifitcd this coaft. Mere the Portuguefc language it fpokcn ; however, the natives have alangiiageof their own, which comes nearefl to that GN)ke|i on t^e Malabar coafl : the Bra- mins or pricfls Ipeajc a dead lak^agp^' in which the bookt relating to their religion are written. They write upon the leaves of the talipot cut into pieces of three fincers bropd, and two foot tong, with a ^eel ftyle orlxKWin. They haye long (ludiod aftronomy. which they learnt from the Arabiant, and foretell cclipica tolerably welt; they are great pretenders alfo to aflro- logy, And by the |ik»fits calculate nativitijCi^ aoddire^it pcoplcfwhen will be (he moll lucky days to enter upon anyailiiirof mom«;it,> oC.lobefpnajouriKiyi and they find thofe who r.rc weak enough to be in>poicd upon, though they itay have been many titnos dtfappointed. Their year itidiviekd into 136$ days, and every day into 30 paysdrptttfli «nt) thei<>nj^t into as manyi ai\d they have a little eoppcutrdifli, with a hole in the bo^pm .ofiit, wbich being put into .a ttib of water^, is tilled during one or their pays, when it links, and then it M' t •f II ^••^ 308 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLDComf.Lete. i-3;f m ii put into the water again to incafuic another pay ; for they have neither Tun-dials nor clocks. In Ceylon, the criminals are frequently impaled alive ! others have ftakcs driven through their bodies; fofne are hung upon trees; and many arc worried by ■ dogs, who arc fo accuftontd to the horrid butchery, that, on the days ap{x>inted for the death of criminals, they, by certain tokens, run to the place of execution. ' But the moft remarkable puniflimcnt is inflidk-d by the king himfelf, who rides an elephant trained up on pur- potc. The beaft tramples the unhappy wretch to death, and tears him limb from limb. Some are pu- nilhed by fines and imprifonmcnt, at the difcrction of the judges. When the fine is decreed, the officers fcire the culprit, wherever they meet him, llrip him naked, his cloaths going as part of pyment^and oblige him to carry a large ftone, the weight being increalcd daily, by the addition of others that arc fmaller, till the remaimkr of the multft is cither paid or remitted. Any of the male cingloflcs may indirferently cfiarge another within hearing (as wc do the conftables) to aid and aflift them in the execution of their duty, or upon any emergency ; but the women are not permitted to men- tion the king's name, upon the fevcre penalty of having their tongues cut out for the offence. A creditor fometimes w ill go to the houlc of the debtor, and very gravely affirm, that if he docs not difcharge the debt he owes him immediately, he will dcftroy himfelf: this fo terrifies the other, that he inftantly colleds all the money he can, even felling his wife and children rather than be deficient in his payment of the fum demanded. This IS owing to a law, which fpecifics, that, if any man deftroys himfelf on account of a debt not being difcharged, the debtor Ihall immetliately pay the money to the lurviving relations, and forfeit his own life, un- lefs he is able to redeem it by a large fine to the king. They have two modes of decidinc controverfies ; the one is by imprecating curfes to fall upon them if they do not (peak the tnitn ; and by the other, both perfons are obliged to put their fingers into boiling oil, when the perlon who can bear the pain the longefl, and with the leaft appearance of bcii^ affetfted, is deemed in- nocent. 1 ney have, however, methods of evading boththefe laws; the firft, by ufing ambiguous expret fions; andthe latter, by certain preparations, which Ercvent the oil from doing them any injur)-. It is not iw ful to beat a woman without permitrion from the king ; fo that the females may thank his majefty for all the blows they get. But they may be made to carry heavy baflccts of fand upon their heads as long ai the man pleaics, which is much more dreadful to theni than a hearty drubbing. The circumftances bf the children depend upon thofe of the mother ; for if the mother is a free woman, they are free, but if fhe isa flave, they are always vafTals. They have neither phyficians nor fumcons among them ; yet, as to phyfic, every one almoft underftands the common remedies, applying herbs or roots, ac- cording to the nature of the complaint; and they have an herb which cures the bite of a fnakc. As they abound in poifonous herbs and plants, fo they have others that arc antidotes againft them. Their difeafes arc chiefly fevers, Huxcs, and the fmall-pox. They arc ncvtfr'let bloodj except by the leaches, already mention- ed, from which they acknowledge they have fometimes received great benefit. With regard to the religion of thefe people, they worfttip God, but make ne image of him ; however, they have idols, the reprefi^ntatives of fome great men, who formerly lived upon the earth, and arc now, they imM[ine, mediators for them to the fupreme God of heaven. The chief of thofe demi-g^ is Baddow, who accordiftg to their tradition originalljr came from • heaven to procure the happinefs of men, and afcended thither again from Adam'a Mountain, leaving the im- preflion of his fi»t upon tht rock. They are faid, fifccwife, toworihip thedevili thtt heflwatd do them no mifchief; an«J another of their objefb ofworftip is the tooth of 4 monkey. They w«^ aWb the fun, 3 moon, and othi 1 planets. Every town has its tutelar daemon, and ivery famify their penates, or houfhold gods, to whom they build chapels m their courts, pay. ing their devotions, and facrificing to them every morn- ing ; but to the fupreme deity they eredt ho temples or altars. Tliere arc three dalles of idbls, and as many orders of priefts, who have their, fcveral temples, to which eftates in land ati- appropriated. Buddow is thechief of thefe fubordinatc deities, and his priefts in the greateft eftccm, being all of the higheft caft or tribe in the nation. They wear a yellow vert and mantle, have their heads (haved, and their beards grow to a great length. Their difciples fail down on thWr faces before them ; and they have a ftool to fit on wherever they vifit, which is an honour only (liewn to their princes and great men. Thtfc priells have no commerce with women, drink no ftiong liquor, and eat only one meal a day ; but they are not debarred fmm flelh, except beef. They are (tiled fons of the god Biiddow, and cannot be called to account by the civil power, whatever crimes they commit. There is a fccond order of prielh, that officiate in the temples of other idols; thefe are allo\ved to follow any fccular em- ployment, and are not diftinguilhed from the laity by their habits, but have, however, a certain revenue. Every morning and evening they attend the fervice of their temples ; and when the people faciitice rice and fruits, the pricft prefents them before the idol, and then delivers them to the finging men and women, and other fcrvants that belong to the temple, and to the poor devotees, who eat the provifions: no flelh is ever facrificed to the idols of this clafs. The third order of priefts have no revenues, but build temples for themlelves, without any eledtion or confccrat^oii, and beg money to maintain themfelvcs. 'Ihefc men- dicants are mountebanks in their "vay, ITiewing a variety of whimfical tricks for their bread. They are prohi- bited by law, from touching the waters in wells or fprings, nor muft they ufc any but what is procured from rivers and ditches. They are confidered in Co defpicablc a light, that it is held difgraceful to have any connections with the.n. Wetlncfdays and S- urdays are the days they refort to their temples; and at the new and full moon rhey offer facrifices to the god Bud- dow { and on new year's-ddy, in the month of March, they offer a folemn facrifice to him, on a high moun- tain, or under a fpreadiRg tree that is deemed facred. The principal feftival of the Chingulays is obferved Tn the month of July, in honour of the moon, when a prieft goes in folemn proceflion with a garland of Ho«cr9, to which the people prefent their offerings. The ridiculous pageantry attending riils feftival, was attempted to be abolifhed in 1664; but the attemjrt oc- cafioned an infurredion, fo that the kings of Ceylon arc obliged to let them continue tiie pompous mummer)'. They have alfo idols of nnonftrous (hapes and forms, made of filvef, braft, and other metals, and fometimes of clay i but thofe in Buddow's temples are the figures of men fitting crois-le^ed, in yellow habits, like his priefts, reprclenring fome holy men, who, they fay, wert teachers of virtue, and benefadors to man- kind. The ifland of Ceylon was fonnerly divided into nine monarchies, bur, at prefent it is under the dominion of one king, whole court is kept in the center of the ifland, at a place called Digiigy-Neur: the palace is but newly built, the gates large, ftatcly, and finely carved : the window-frames are made of ebony, and inlaid with (ilver : the kings elephants, troops, and concubines,, are numerous. The guards arc commanded by Dutch and Portuguefe rcnegado officers. This monarch affumes great dignity, and demands much rcfpcdl, which his lubjeifb readily pay him, as they imagine, that all their kings immediately on their demife, are turned into foSs. He expcdti that Chriftians (hoiild falute him n , In thefe iflands the natives are very robufl, of an olive complexion, and well featured. They are natu- rally ingenious, and apply themfclves with great in- duftry to various manufaClurcii, particularly the mail- ing of (ilk and cotton. They are cautious, and (haip in trading, courageous, and well (killed in arms. The common people go almoft naked, having only a piece of cotton faftened round the waift, except on fellival days, when they wear cotton or lilk jerkins, m ith waifl- coats, the fleeves of which reach only to their elbows. The wealthier fort tie a piece of cloth between their legs, and round the Wailt, next to which they have a piece of blue, or red cotton, that reaches to the knees, and to that is joined a large jiiece of cotton and filk, reaching to their ancles, and girded with a fquare handkerchief embroidered with gold or filver ; and the whole is fecured by a large filk girdle fringed, the ends of which hang down before ; and within this girdle, on the left fide, they keep their money and betel, and on the right fide a knife. They fet great value on this in- ftrument, from its being their only weapon ; for none but the king's. ofKcers and fbldicrs are permitted to wear any or er. The rich have filk turbans on their heads, richly adorned, but thofe of the poor are made of cotton, and only ornamented with ribbons of va^' rious colours. The wornen are fairer than the men, and, in general, of a ver) agreeable difpofition. They wear a coat of cotton, or filk, that reaches down to the ancles, over which they have a long robe of taffety, or fine cotton, that extends from the flioulders to the feet, and is faftened round the neck by two gilt but- tons. Their hair, which is cfteemed a great ornament, is black ; and to obtain this, thoy keep their daughters heads fhaved till they are eight or ten years of age, leav- ing only a little hair on their foreheads to diftinguifh them from the boys. They wafti their heads and hair in water, to make the latter thick and long, and let it hang loofe that the air may dry it ; after which they perfume it with an odoriferous oil. When this is done, they ftroke all the hair backwards from the forehead, and tie it behind in a knot, to which they add a large lock of a man's hair ; and the whole is curioufly ortia' mcnted with flowers of various forts. The common people have houfes built of cocoa-wood, and covered with leaves fewed one within another ; but the fUperior fort build their houfes of ftone, which is taken from under the flats and rocks in the following manner : a- mong other trees in this ifland, is one called Candou, exceedir^ly foft, and, when drv, and fawed into planks, is much lighter than cc>rk : the natives, who are ex- cellent fwimmers, dive under water, and, having fixed upon a ftone for th.it purpofe, they faften a ftrong rope to it : after this, they take a plank of the Candou- wood, which, having a hole Ixired in it, is put on the rope, and forced down quite to the ftone : they then run on a number of other boards, till the light wood rifes up to the top, dragging the ftone along with it. By this contrivance the natives weighed up the cannon and anchors of a French (hip that was call away near their coaft about a century ago. The Maldivians, in general, are very polite, particu< larly thofe on the ifland of Male j but they are very libidinous, and fornication is not confidered as any 4 I crime: m .1 51 "} ■! •^11 ; ■I' 1 3>o VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complete. If neither muft any pcrfon offer inrult to a woman I f water. The portal is Wil% like a fquare tower ; and on feftival days Captain CARTERET's VOYAGE — for makinjjUifcoveries in the Southern Ocean, &c. 311 tbc rich- table ay- lund it are Cmdke of Ipcople af- |are 'placed »lc, ac- |ricfts, and the whole Ich pofture [en the reft lerved with :ircly over, tabic, and |the utmoft itc of mar- ie pandiare, willine to is anmcr- [ns the pa> it, thewo- ■icd in the :r the ccrc- Irhufband's nd a grand The bride- bride like- the queen. his bride, nee of the ur he muft Hie think* le. A wo- his confcntt however, d, fhc may idercd as a d by one of each ifland is wrapped )n the right 1 laid on the d carried to [riends, and ithout being rge piece of It, bccomca laid in the tomb { and white fand, loth to and rics, for thff d and iilver :s of the dc- ig the ccrc- rdations in- theirgrave» . fm for any fuch refpedt »ot even the cafion they e mourners tinuc fo for Ifapcr- hcd, it put tioning hii et with the y then fing ceremonies, u wood. > fituated in in circum- livided into ly one (lory :: however, !d with gar- • pf water. I oa fcftival days days the muficians fing and play upon the top of it. The ground floors of the rcfpciflivc apartments -are nifed three feet, to avoid the ants, and are covered with filk-tapcftry, fringed, and flowered with gold. The king's beds are hung, like hammocks, between two pillars ornamented with gold, and when he lies down his attendants rock him to (Icep. His drefs is ufually a coat made of fine white clotii or cotton, with white aiid blue edgings, faftened with buttons of folid gold : under this is a piece of red embroidered tapeftery that reaches down to his heels, and is faftened with a large filk girdle fringed, with a great gold chain before, and a locket formed of the moft precious Hones. On his head he wears a fcarlet cap, which is a colour fo cftcemed, that no other pcrfon may prefuinc to wear it. This cap is laced with gold, and on the top of i: is a large gold button with a precious ftonc. The grandei.'s «na foldicrs wear long hair, tit the king's head is Ihavcd once a week j he goes bare legged, but wears fandalsof gilt copper, which arc worn only by the royal family. When he goes abroad, his dignity is diftin- gaifhed particularly by a white umbrella, which no other pcrfons, except ftrangers, are pcnnitted to ufe. He has three paces near his perfon, one of whom car- ries his fur, another his fword and buckler, and a third his box of betel and arcca, which he alnioft conftantly chews. He goes to the mofque on Fridays in great pomp, his guards dancing, and IVriking their fwords on each others urgets to the found of niulic ; and is attended on his return, by the principal people of the ifland. He either walks, or is carried in a chair by flaves, there being no beafts of burden. When the queen appears in public, flie is attended by a great number of female flavcs, fome of whom go Ixrfore, to give notice to the men to keep out of the way ; and lour ladies carry a veil of white filk over her head, that reaches to the ground; on this.occafion, all the women Irom the fcvcral diftricls meet her with flowers, fruits, 6ic. She and her ladies frequently bathe in the fea for th>::r altn, for the convenience of which they have a pur- tl; fliore clofe to the water, which is indbfed, ar.,; of it covered with white cotton. The only ligl 1^ ' '. chambers of the queen, or ihofe of the iadics of quality, is what lamps afl^prd, which are kept continually burning, it being the cuflom of the country never to admit day-light. The drawing room, or that part where they ufually refide, is blocked up with four or five rows of tapeftry, the innermoft of which none muft lift up till they have coughed, and told their names. The guards appointed to attend on the king's Kcrfon confift of fix hundred, who are commanded by is grandees; arul he has confiderable magazines of >arms, cannon, and (evcial forts of ammunition. His revenues confift chiefly of a number of iflands, appro- priated to the crown, with certain taxes on the various produdlions of others ; in the money paid to purchafe titles and ofiiccs, and for licences to wear fine cloaths. -Bcfldes thefe, he has a claim to all goods imported by fliipping: for when a veflcl arrives, the king is ac- quainted with its contents, out of which he takes what he thinks proper, at a low price, and obliges his fub- jcdls to purchafe them of him again, at what fum he pleads to fix, by way of exchange, for fuch com- modities as beft (uit him. All the ambergris found in this country f which produces more than any other part of the Indies) is alfo the property of the king; and fo narrowly is it watched, that a pcrfon would be puniflied with the iofs of his right hand, if deteded in convert- ing it to his own ufe. Moft of the nobility and gentry live in the north part of this ifland, for the convenience pf iKing near tlie court; and fomuch is this quarter . eftcemed, that when the king banifties a criminal, the JTcmJing him to the foufh is thought to be a fufiicient punifhment. The government here is abfolute monarchy, every thing depending on the king's plcafure. Each attoloi\, or province, has a naybe, or governor, who is both a prieft and dodor of the law. He not onlv prefides over the inferior priefts, and is vefte4 with the management 3 of all religious affairs, but he is likewifc intruftcd with the adminiftrurion of jufticc, both in civil and criminal cafes. They are in fiiil fo many judges, and make four circuits every year throughout their jurifdidlion; but they have a fupcrior, called the pandiare, who refidei in the ifle of Male, and who is not only the fupreme judge of all caufcs, but alfo the head of the church : he receives appeals from the governor of each province, but does not pafs fentcnce without confiilting feveral learned doctors ; and from him appeals arc carried to the kiiig, who refers the matter to nx of his privy coun- cil. 'Itic pandiare makes a circuit once a year through the ifland of Male (as does every governor in his re- fpcdiveprovince) and condemns all to be fcourged who connot fay their creed and prayers in the Arabic tongue, and conftrue them in that of the Maldivian. At this timcthe women muft not appear in the ftreet unveiled, on pain of having their hair cut ofl; and their heads fliaved, which is very difgraceful. They have various modes of punilhmcnt for crimes. If a man is murdered, the wife cannot profccute the criminal ; but if the deccafe^ has left any children, the judge obliges him to main- tain them till they are of age, when they may either profccute or pardon the murderer. Stealing any thing valuable is puniflied wiih the amputation of a hand, and, for triflin;; matters, ^hey are baniflied to the fouthcrn ifl.inils. An adultrefs is puniflied by having her hair cut oil', and ihofc guilty of perjury pay a pecuniary inulcl. Notwithflanding the law makes homicide death, yet a crimin.il is never condemned to die, unlefs it is cxprelsly ordered by the king ; in which cafe he orders his own foldicrs to execute ihc fentcnce. The chief articles exported from thefe iflands arc cocoa-nuts, cowries, and tortoife-fliells, the latter of which is exceeding beautiful, and not to be met with in any other place, except the Pliilippine Iflands. The imptirted articles are, iron, fteel, Ipiccs, china, rice, &c. all which, as has been obferved, are ingrofled by the king, who fells them to his fubjeds at his own price. They have only one fort of money, w'nich is filver, called lorrins, each of which is about the v-'.je of eight pence. It is two inches long, and folded, the king's name being fet upon the folds in Arabic charadlers. One thoufand two hundred cow rics make one lorrin. In their own market they frequently barter one thing for another. Their gold and liUer is all imported from abroad, and is current here as in all other parts of the Indies, by weight. The Maldives are happily placed, with refpe(ft to each other, for producing mutual commerce, to the refpec- tivc inhabitants; for though the 13 Attolons are in the fame climate, and all or them very fertile, yet they produce fuch diftl-icnt commodities, that the people in one cannot live without what is found in another. The inhabitants have likewifc fo divided thcmfelves, as greatly to enhance this commercial advantage ; for all the weavers live in one ifland, the goldfmiths in ano- ther, and the like of the different manufadhires. In order, Kowever, to render the communication eafy, thefe artificers have fmall boats, built high on the fides, in which they work, fleep, and eat, while failing from one ifland to another to expofe their goods to falc, and fometimes they arc out a confiderabfe time before they return to their fixed habitations. (c.) Bombay. This is feated on an ifland near the weft coaft of India, in 19 deg. N. latitude, and in 72 deg. B. longitude. It is an excellent harbour, from whence the Portuguefc, the firft pofleflbrs of the Europeans, gave it the name of Boonbay, now cor- ruptly called Bombay. Ihe ifland on which it ftands, is about 20 miles in circumference: the chief town is a mile in length, meanly buih : the fort ftands at a dif- tancc from it. The ifland is inhabited by Englifh, Portuguefc, rnd Moors: there are three or four moie fmall towns on the ifland. The foil is barren, and the water bad ; they preferve therefore the rain water in ciflerns; and there is a well of pretty good frefli water about a mile from the town. The king of Portugal transferred this ifland to Charles II. king of England, as ■■^.'sl; 3«« VOYAGES ROUND ihe WORLD Complete. 1' \ t( ^3 part of the portion ot the Intanta Kathcrinc, whom he married in the year 1662, and the king afterwards pave it to the Eaft India Company. The Joxx. has been beficgcd both by the Mooul and the Dutch, but neither of them were able to take it> Kotwithfhinding Bom- bay lies within the tropics, yet the climate is not dif- agrceable .j the conHitution of Europeans 1 there being but few days in the courfc of the vcar, in which the weather is in any extreme. The (hort hot fcafon precedes the periodical return of the rains: the night dews, however, are very dangerous, therefore great care ihould be taken hot to be expofed to them. If people would but live temperately in this place, they need not be afraid of the climate, which is far healthier than in any other of the Europeans fcttlements; and there are fome good phyficians on the ifland. They have wet weather at Bombay about four months in the year, whici) is commonly introduced by a very violent thunder dorm : during this fcafon all trading vclTcIs are laid up. The rains beg'n about the latter end of May, and continue tillScptr mber, when the black merchants keepa fedival, gilding a cocoa>nut. which they confecrate and commit to the waves. What they abound in mod is their groves of cocoa-nut trees, their rice fields, and onion grounds. Their gardens alfo produce mangoes, jacks, and other Indian truits; and they alfo make Targe quan- tities of fait, with very little trouble, from the fea- water. The town or city of Bombay is a mile long, and fur- rounded by a wall or ditch ; it has alfo a pretty good caftle; fo that it is well fecured, and efteemed one of the (IrongcH places belonging te our Ealt India Com- pany. The houfes of the Englifti confid, in general, of a ground floor, with a court both before and oehind, in which are out-houfes and offices. Mod of the windows are of tranfparcnt oyder-lhe!!], which admit a tolerable good light. The flooring of their habitations is a fort of (lucco, compofcd of (hells that have been burnt ; this they call chunam, w hich being well tempered, and be- coming hard, receives an excellent polifli. The Englifh church is a very neat building, fituate on a pleafiuit green, round which are the houfes of the Englim : as to thofe in which the black merchants rcfide, they are, in general, ill contrived flruftures ; and the pagodas of the gentoos, are mod wretched edifices. The government is entirely Englidi, fubordinatc to the India Company, who appoint by commiflion a pre- lidcnt and council ; and the maritime and military force isunder the immediate direction of the prelident, who \fi diled commander in chief, llie common foldicrs are of many nations ; but w hat are called topaflfcs, arc for the moH part black, or of a mixed breed from the Portugiiefe. There are alfo regular companies of the natives, who arc called feapoys. Any popifh pried, except a Portugucfc, may odiciate in the churches of the three Romaa catholic priflies, into which Bombay is divided ; but the Englifli formed an objeng- tngto their madcr: however, there are nodifputes m this town about profciTions in religion, all alike being tukrated. Liberty of confciencc, freedom of fpeech, riches, and honour^ didinguiih the people and clmie. Bombay is inhabited by a mixture of all nations ; Englifli, Portuguefe, and Indians, amounting, as it is laid, to 50 or 60,000. The prefident of Surat is ufually governor of the place, who has a deputy here, and courts of jullice, regulated as in England. The governor, when he -is upon the ifland, appears in greater date than the governor of foit St. George, beiiw attended, when he goes abroad, by two troops of Moors and Bandarins, with their dandards. The natives, and thofe who are fcafoned to the country, enjoy a tolerable good date uf health, and, if they ufe temperance, live to ■ good old age. Near Bombay are feveral iflands, the •tains a sreat number of handfome churches, convents, and doilcn, with a (bitely large hofpiMl, Ca'ptA'in CARTERET'S voyage — for making Difcovcrics in the Southern Ocean, &c. 31 j hant cut in icarancc of ur of that one* entire there is « ifity is fup- ligh. It i» d above 40 k cut Hat. Itand the vcvf r, have when they ind injured ibie. This each other; disfigured, ith a drawn ther. The ias an area range of mcnt orna- corniccs of f this tem- ntoo-build- gehius and xcn made. ig about 76 nated place s in rock», fuch Euro- me)y fertile, land, which, ceabic fitua- ider the re- me the pro- was given to :fe defrauded the invafion nt bordering )eofgentoos, int of arms. I the mouiii> ;ported to be fo well and lemy caA zp^ eflible rocks. lis court, and n the avowed making war. It his intereft arc all bred former they rpcnd greatly a piftol, and \mds are ex- ion, but thcic fcs are fmail, European icouragement :irown coun- n them front id 74 deg. 30 ind, about 20 the large and lal place h - Has taken by nee of a fine }f the greateib E town. The rreat number nurches, and ; town is veiy It fo well in- :e is'H noUe from the city, 1 by a beauti- rof handfome I (hteiy large hMpttiil, hofpital, all well endowed, and kept in good repair. The mnrket-place takes up an acre of ground ; and in the (hops about it may be had the produce of Europe, Bengal, China, and other countries oi lefs note. Every church has a fct of bells, fome of which are continu- ally ringing. Their religion is Koman Catholic, and they have a moft horridcruel inqiiifition. There are a great number of Indian converts, who . generally retain fomc of their old cuftoms, particularly, they cannot be brought to cat beef. However, there are many gentoos in the city, who are tolerated, bccaiife they arc more indultrious than the Chriftians, and better artilh. The clergy arc very numerous, and illiterate; but the churches are finely embelliihed, and have numbers of images. Their lioufcs, which are of ftone, are fpacious and handfome, and make a fine fliew ; but ihey are jX)orly linirticd within. The inhabitants arc contented witn greens, roots, and fruit, which, with a little bread, rice, and fill, is their only diet, though they have hogs and fowls in plenty. They arc much ad- didtdd to women, and are generally weak, lean, and feeble. Captain Hamilton, w hen he was in this ifland, flood on a hill near the city, and counted above 80 churches, convents, and monafteries, and he was told, that there' w ere about -^0,000 priefts and monks. The body of St. Francis Xavier is buried in St. Paul's Church, and, as they pretend, performs a great many miracles. None of the churches, except one, have glafs windows, for they make ufeof oyfter-ftiells inftead of glafs. The town itfelf has few manufadtures, or produ'>chor off Prince's Ifland, in the (trait of Sunday. Friday the 25th of September, we weighed, arid god under fail ; for wC could not get a fufficicnt quantity of wood and water at Prince's Ifland, to complete our fiock< the wet monfuon having butjuft fet in, and confe- qucntly not rain enough had fell tofuppiy the fprings. We would have departed from this part of the ifland fooner, but wc had the wind frefti from the 3. E. which made a lee fliorc j but it being this day in our favour, and more moderate, we worked over to the Java fhore. Wc anchored in the evening, iri a bay c.-llcd by fom« New, and by others Canty Say, which is formed by an ifland ^of the fame name. In fhefe parts New Bay is the bc'ft place for woodirig and watering; the water being fo clear and cxcejlent, that, in order to get a freflli fuppTy, wc ftavcd all that had heeii take. \ on board at Batavia and Prince's Ifland It is fo i,^ Sad from a fine ftrong run on the Java fhore, whici; ; iown froiti i '■^M .11 1 . ■i 3»4 VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD Complex 8. Ml . m I the land into the fca, and by means of a hoafc it may be laded into the boats, and the caflu filled without putting them on Ihorc, which renders the work very eafy and expeditious. There is a fmall reef of rocks within which the boats go, not in the lead dangerous, and the boats lie in as fmooth water, and as efTciflually flieltered from any fw ell, as if they were in a mill-pond ; and if a (hip, when lyine here, fliould be driven from her anchors by a wind tliat blows upon the (hore, (he may, with the grcatcd eafe, run up the palTage between New Ifland and Java, where there is fulficient depth of water for the langcfi velTcl, and a harbour, in which, being land locked^ the will find perfedl fccurity. Wood may be procured any where, either upon Java or New Idand, neither of which at this part are inhabited. In our prefent ftation, we had 14 fathoms water, with a fine fandy bottom. The peak of Prince's Ifland bore N. 13 W. The weflcrmoft point of New Ifland S. 82 W. and the eaflermod point of Java that was in fight, N, E. We were diftant from the Java (hore a mile and a quarter, and from the watering-place a mile and a Jialf. In a few days having completed our wood and water, we weighed, and Hood out of the (Irait of Sun- day, with a fine frelh gale at S. E. which continued till we were diftant from the ifland of Java 700 leagues. On Monday the 23rd of November, we had in view the coiH of Africa; on the 28th, at day-break, we tnadc the land of tlr: Cape of Good Hope ; and, in the evening, call anchor in Table Bay. Here we found only a Dutch n.i]i fioni Europe ; and a fnow belonging to the C'pe, which was in the company's fervice, for the inhabr.ants are not pcnnitted to have any (hipping. This liay, in fummer, is a good harbour, but not in winter j on which account the Dutch vc(rcls lay here no longer :haa the i '1 of November, after which thc^ go to Falfe Bay, where they are Iheltered from the N. W. winds, which blow here with great violence. At this place we breathed a pure air, had wholefome food, went freely about the country, which is exceeding plea, fant i and found the inhabitants hofpitabic and polite ; there being fcarcciy a gentleman, either in a public or private ftution, from whom we did not receive fome civility ; and Captain Carteret obfcrves, " he (hould ill deferve the favours they bcftowcd, if he did not par- ticularly mention the Am and fecond governor, and the fifcal." We continued near fix weelu atthe cape, in order to recover our fick. On Wcdnefday the 20th of Januaiy, in the evening, A D 760 *^ ^^^ '*''' ""** before tt was dark cleared '9' the land. After a fine and pleafant paf- Cige, on Wedncfday the 20th, we anchored off the ifland of St. Helena, from whence we again failed on Sunday the 24th. 0^ Saturday the 30th, we came in fight of the N. E. part of Afcenfion Ifland, and early in the morning ran in clofe to it. We fent out a boat to difcover the anchoring-place, and in the afternoon came to an anchor in Crofs Hill Bay. To find this place, bring the larged and moft confpicuous hill upon the illand to bear S. E. When the (nip is in this po- fition, the bav w ill be open, right in the middle between two other hills, the wellcrmou of which is called Crofii Hill, and gives name to the bay. A Pag-ftaff is upon this hill, which, iia (hip brings to bear J. S. £. half E. or S. £. by E. and runs in, keeping fo till (he is in 10 fathom water, (he will be in the bed part of the bay. In our run along the N. E. (Idc of the ifland, we ob- ferved fevcral other fmall fandy bays, in fome of which our boat found good anchorage, and faw plenty of turtle. At this jSace, where wc lay, they alfb abound. In the evening we landed a few men to tum the turtle, that (hould come on (hore during the night, and in the morningthey had fecured 1 8, froia 4 to 6cx> weight each. There being no inhabiunti on this ifland, we, according to a ufual cuflom, left a letter in a bottle, with our names, and dellination, the date, and a few other particulars. On Monday the ift of February, we weighed, and fet (Ml. On the 1 gjh, we came in fight of a (hip, in thefbuth quarter, which hoiftcd French colours 1 and on Saturday the 20th, the ucked it) order to fpetk with 1 us. Her commander, wt, after (he had left ui. found to be M. de Bougainville, whofe frequent traces of th« Englifli navigators had very remarkably occurred in the courfe of the three vovagcs, which they made round the world. This gentleman made a voyage to Faulk- land's iflands, called by the French, after the Dutcl?, Mauritius, in the year 1765, and was (cen by commo* dore Byron, in the ftraits nf Magellan, as we have re- lated in our hillorv of that voyage. Soon after his re- turn home, he failed from port L'Orient, in November, 1 766, on board the Bourdcufc frigate, attended by the Etoile floop, on a voyage of difcovery, and to encoiti.. pafs the world : but being baffled in his attempts topaft the (traits of Magellan, he returned to the caflern coaft of South America, arid wintered at Buenos A>res. Oi\ the return of the feafun, he renewed his attempt with better fucccfs, touched at the ifland of Juan Fernandez, where he flayed two months, followed Captain Wallii and Capuin Carteret, in the manner already related, and, bv fuccefsfully completing his defign, became the fir(t native of France, who had gone round the world, at Icaft in one continued voyage. At this time he Mils on his return in the Dourdcufc^ having left the Etoile at the Mauritius: he had alio touched at the ifland of Afcenfion; and after having hailed us, fent an olliccr on hoard, in order to receive fome letters, which were to be conveyed to France, who, under co- lour of general converfation, endeavoured to obtain in- formation concerning the route and incidents of our voyage, while by a ft ring of plaufiblc fidions he con- cealed their own; but Captain Carteret could not be brought to be communicative, fo that all the endeav- ours of the Frenchman proved fruitlcfs: on the other hand, the crew of the boat in which the ofiicer had ar- rived fcon imparted all they knew to thofe of our fai- lors who convcrfed with them. Captain Carteret ob- ferves very iuftly on this tranfadlion, "that an artful attempt to draw him into a breach of his obligation to fccrecy, whilft the French commander impofed a fidion, that he might not violate his own, was neither liberal nor juft." Wc had now a frefli gale, and all our fails fet, when the French fliip, though foul fronft a long voyage, and we had been juft cleaned, fliot by us as if we had been at anchor. On Sunday, the 7th of March, we paflcd be- ttt-ecn the weftern iflands of St. Michael and Tercera. As we proceeded tartiic: to the weftward, the gale in- creafcd, and on the i tth it blew very hard from W. N^ W. with a great fca, which blcwour fore-fail all to pieces, before we could get the yard down; this obliged us t* bring to; and having bent a new fail, we bore away again. On Tuefday, the 1 6th, we were in latitude 49 deg. 1 5 min. north, and on the 1 8th, we found ourfelves by the depth of water in the channel. The next day we had a view of the St.irt-Point; and on the 20th after a line palTage, and a fair wind from the Cape of Good Hope, to our great joy, the Swallow came to an anchor at Spithcad : and to what can we afcribe her ar- riving fafc at laft, after having gone through, appa- rently, infurmountable difticulties, but to the merciful interpofition of a particular Providence. In following her and her brave ci^w, through this voyage, our afto- ni(hment is excited, not Co much at the number and im- portance of the difcoveries made, but that fuch wants, fuch embaraflments, and fuch dangers, as theic neg- Icded and devoted people had to encounter, (hould hava been overcome, in a (hip that had been thirty years in the fervice! It is alfo no lefs furpriling, how it came to pafs, that fo able and gallant an ofticer (hould have been fo cruelly treated, when fent upon a fervice, which, in almoft evqry other inftance, has been particularly at- tended to, and received the mod ample fupplies: and, to conclude, if we confider the many impediments which lay in the way of Captain Carteret, beyond what any other navigator had to (Iruggle with, we mud ac- knowledge that this voyage does great honour to him as the condudor of it : indeed this fcnfible ofticcr ieems to have been animated with the true fpirit of difcovery, and to have pofltrlTed fuch an uncommon (hare of forti- tude and pcneverance,. as nothing (hort of death could fubdue. A iU Tct, when voyage, and *'c had been ^e pafled be- nd Tcrcera. he gale in- fromW.N^ allto pieces, >liged us t* E bore awajr latitude 49 nd ourfelves lie next daf in the 20th the Cape of came to an :ribe her ar- JUgh, appa- :hc merciful In foHowing ;e, our ado- >bcr and im- fuch wants, t thefe ncg- Ihould hava irty years in w it came to (hould have vice, which, rticularly at- pplies: and, mpedimenti Kyond what ve mud ac- lour to him Qliicer items >f difcovcry, are of forti- dcath could A NEW, Authentic, and complete account and narrative, «f A Voyage Towards the North Pole^ UNDERTAKEN and PERFORMEDi Bythe Hon* Com. Phipps^ (now Lord MulgRave)^ In his Majefty's Ship the RACEHORSE, accompanied by Capt. LUTWYCH in the Carcase Sloop^ TO WHICH IS PREFIXED. ^ genuine Account of the fcveral Voyages undertaken for the Difcoverjr of a North-East Paffage to China and Japan. INTRODUCTION. IT is fortunate for comnwrce, and the intcrcourfe of nations, that there is implanted man's nature a defire of novelty, which no prefent gratification can fttiafy I that when he has vifited one region of the earth, he it ftill, like Alexander, fighing for another to explores and that, after having efcapca one danger in his progrefs, he is no lefs eager to encounter others, that may cbnce to oMlrudl him in tbc courfe of his pur- fuiu. If the hiAory of former hardfhips could have de- ten«d men from engaging in new aidventures, the voy- age, the ptrticulan of which we ure now about to re- late, would probably never have been undertaken. The dreary regions that furround the poles arc fo little ac- cuftomedto feel the kindly influences of the enlivening fun, and are fo deftitute of the ordinary produdions of the earth in happier climates, that little Icfs than one whole quarter of the globe is, by its (Icrility, rendered uninhabitable by human beings, and but thinly occupied by a very inconftderable numl^r of the race of qua drupedes. The many and almod infuperablc difficul- ties that mull therefore be expe(flcd in traveriing thefe forlorn defarts, where no relief is to be expedled, but from the favourable interpofition of that power, whofc merciful providence extends to the remoteft comers of the earth, are, upon refl»aion, enough to cool the ar- dour of the moll enterprifing, and to dagger the rcfo- lution of the mofl intrepid. In the contention between powers, equally formed by nature to meet an oppofition, it may be glorious to (^v,.'Comc; but to encounter raging fcas, tremendous rocks, and bulwarks of folid ice, and defperately to pcr- fift in attempts to prevail againft fuch formidable ene- mies; as the contli£l is hopelefs.fo the event is certain. The hardiefl and mod (kilful navigator, after expofing himfelf and his companions to the mod perilous dan- gers, and fufTering in proportion to his hardincfs the molt complicated difueiTc^, muil at laft fubmit to re- turn home without fuccefs, or parifli in his peffcvcrance. This oblervation will be fufficiently juftified, by \ brief recapitulation of the voyages that have been un- dertaken, v/ith a view to the difcovcry of a north-eafl paflagc to China and Japan. Jm firft who atumpted thii difcovcry wa»Sir Hugh Willoiighby, with three fliips, fb early as the year 1 553, the sera of perilous eriterprizcs. This gentleman failed to the latitude of 75 degrees north, within fight, as it is imagined, of Now Greenland, now calitd Si)itlber- gen; but by a llorin was driven back, and obliged tqf winter in the river Arzcm, in I^pland, where he was frozen to death with uli his company. He left upon his table a concifc account of .ill his difcoveries, in which he mentions, having Tailed v. ithin fight of a country in a very hitjh htirude, about which geogra- phers are divided ; lome affirming, as hat been faid, that it could be no other than New Greenland, after- wards difcovered.atul named by the Dutc!. Spitlbcrgen; others, that what he faw was only a fog-bank; and of this latter opmion is Capt. Wood, in able navigator, of whom we (hall have occafion n fpeak hereafter. To Sir Hugh Wiiioughby fucceeded Captain Bur- roughs, afterwards Comptroller of the Navy to Queen Elizabeth. This gentlcnaaii attempted the pa(!age with better fortune, and returned full of hope, but without fuccefs. HepafTcd the North cape in 1556; advanced as far north as the 78th deg. dilcovcrcd the Wy gate or flrait that divides Nova Zembta from tl>e country of the Sammoyds, now fubjcd to Rufili: and having palled the cafternmoft point of that Hi ii, ar-* rived at an open fea, from whence he returned, having, as he imagined, difcovcrcd the palTage fo painfully fought, and fo ardently ilciired. Some affirm, his dif- coveries extended beyond the 80th deg.of latitude, to a country altogether defolate, where the mountains wer« blue ai^d the valleys fnow. Be that as it may, the favourable report of Captain Burroughs encouraged Queen Elizabeth to fit out two ftout velTels to perfciit the difcovcry. The command of thefe (hips v.as given to the Captains Jackman and Pctt.who, in I J 80, failed through the fame ftrait, that had been difcovcrcd by Burroughs, an i entered thi eaftcrn fea; where the ice poured in fo fall Upon them, and the weather became (o tempeftuous, that after en- during incredible hardfhips, artd fuftaining the moft dreadful (hocktof ice and Teas, terrible even in the re- lation, they were driven back and fcparated; and nei- tiicr I'ett nor his fb'p or crew were aver heard of after- wards. After m r 316 Commodore PHIPPS (now Lord MULGRAVE's) VOVACiE iiii- After this diraftcr and difappointmcnt, the dcfirc of vilitlnj!; the iro/.cn fcas to the N. K. began to abate among the Knglidi, but was airuiuciJ by the Dutch with an olillinate |>erfeverance, peculiar to that phlec- nntit: naiion. 'l"hc firft Dutchman we read of who made the attempt was John Cornelius, of whofe voyacc, in 1595. we have but a very imperfect account; he was Ibllowid however in 1606 by William Uarrans, or, as fomc write, Barents, an able and experienced fcaman and mathematitian, who being fupplicd with every nccelfary for fo hazardous a voyage, by the gene- rofity and patronage of Prince Maurice, proceeded in the fame ccKirfe which had been pointed out to him by the l-jiglilii n.ivij^ators ; but having palFcd the VVygate, found the like incumbrances, and the like tempelh whkh the Knglifli had experienced; and not being able to bear upaganirt them, returned thoroughly convinced, that the wilhed-for patfage was not to be attained in that diredion. However, he traverfed the coaft of Nova Zcmbla, gave names to fcveral promon- tories and head-lands, and planned to himfelf a new courfe to Iker, by which he hoped toaccomplifh what he had failed in difcovering, by following the fleps of thofe who ha.l gone before him. In 1607, animated rather than difcouraged by dif- appointment, he entered upon his fecond voyage, with the fpirit of a man fully prepoirefled with fuccefs. He had heard, that fomc of the whalers, who had now be- gun to frequent the north feas, had, either by defign or accident, advanced much farther to the northward than thofe w ho had been jnirpofely fitted out upon dif- coveries ; he therefore determined to lleer to the north- ward of Nova Zenibla, till he fliould arrive at the heii^ht of the polo, under which he was perfuaded he fliould find an open fea ; and by changing his courfe to the fouthward, avoid thofe obftrudions which had retarded his paflage to theN. K. In this hope he continued till he arrived on the coaft of Nova Zembla, where before he had reached *he 77th deg. he was fo rudely attacked by the mountains of ice, that every where afliiiled him, that not being able to withrtand their fury, he was driven againft the rocks, and his fliip dalhr'' to pieces. Barents and the greateft part of his crew got lafc to land, but it was to ex- perience greater mifer)- than thofe underwent who peri Hied in the attempt. They were obliged to winter in a country, where no living creature bcfides thcm- ftlvcf appeared to have cxiuence; and where, not- uithllanding their utmoft clforts to preferve their boiliis from the cold, the He(h perilhcd ujion the bones of fome of them, and others died of the moft excruciat- ing pains. In this extremity, and notwithftanding the anguilh they endured, thofe who furvived had ftill the fortitude and ingenuity to frame a pinnace from the wreck of their broken (hip, in which, at the approach offum- mer, they made lail for Lapland ; but before they ar- rived at Colu, their Captam died, and with him the hopes of pel feding his difcovery. It was now the adive feafon for naval chtcrprizcs. Prixate adventurers began to fit out (liips for the north feai. Innumerable fea animals had been obferved to balk upon the ice ; the tuflcedwell broke her main- top-fail-yard in the ftings, the firft difafkr that had happened, which, however, was cafily repaired. The weather now began to grow hazey, a circumftance that frequently happens in the polar regions, and darkeiu the air with the obfcurity of night. from this time till June 22, when they fell in with the ice in latitude 75 deg. 59 min. N. nothing material occurred. On that day, at noon, they obferved a con- tinent of ice ftretching to an imperceptible diftancc, in a diredion from E. S. E. and W. N. W. They bore away along the ice till the 28th, when they found it join to the land of Nova Zembla. On the 29tb, they ftood away to the fouth. to get clear of the icci-but unfortunately found themfclves embayed in it. At 1 1 at night the Profperous bore down upon the Speedwell, crying out, ice upon the weather-bow, on which the Speedwell clapt the helm hard a weather, and veered out the main-fail to ware the ftiip; but before fl»c could be brought to on the other tack, fhe tf ruck on a ledge of rocks, and ftuck faft. They fired guns of dif- ■ ' trcCi. |\Vffl.\nr().^ fcarch ol' in 1610, Juf otlu-M, fiuau' [KT- Y, cxaMiiii- cnntinq^c »lirc>.*ti(J>i liilcJ, that jction, ami |cr mutcciaV ifccution of Kngli/li; jworld with [() the pole, the arrival ll Sir John iea, with a lilians, and :hlng from u. :inn board the om the Buoy m {he 4th of ound. where ' and recruit hor and con- ' entered the of the year e her nuin- :er that had aired. The mftancc that and darkens ' fell in with ling material rrved a con- : diOance, in They bore ey found it I, to get clear ves embayed : dowa upon thcr-bow.on weather, and ut betbrc flie Itruck on a guns of dif. trcCi, For making DISCOVERIES towards the NORTH POLE, &.c, 3'7 trtfi, but were not heard, and the fog being To thick, that land could not be difccrncd, though clofc to the flcrn of their Ihipt no relief was now to be cxpedU cd, but from providence and their own endeavours. In fucb a fituation, no defcription can cquil the rela* tion of the Captain himfcif, who, in the language of the times, has given the following full and pathetic account. " Here, fays he, wc lay beating upon the rock in a moft frightful manner, for the ^ace of three or four houn, uftng all polPible means to fave the fliip, but in vain I forit olew fo hard, that it was wholly out of our power to carry out an anchor capable to do us any fer- vice. At length we faw land dole under our Aern.to the great amazement of us all, which before we could not lee for the foggy weather > fo I commanded the men to get out the boau before our mad came by the board, which was done. I fcnt the boatfwain towards the Ihore in the pinnace, to fee if there was any poiribilit]^ of landing, which 1 much feared, becaufc the fea ran fo high, tn halfan hour he returned with this anfwer, that it was impoflible to land a man, the fnow being in high cliffs, the Ihorc was inaccclTible. This was tnd tidmgs t fo then it was high time to think on the fafety of our fouls, and we went altogether to prayers, to belcech God to have mercy on us, for now nothing but individual ruin appeared befbre our eves. After prayers, the weather cleared up a little, and looking over the Item, I faw a fmall beach diredly with the (Vem of the (hip, where I thought there might be fomc chance of getting on fliorc. I therefore fentolf the pinnace a feconatime, with fome men in her to be iird landed, but (he duril not venture to attempt the beach. I then ordered out the long-boat widi twenty men to land, who attempted it, and got ftfc on (hors. They in the pinnace feeing that, foU lowed, and landed their men likewife, and Mth vefleU leturned to the (hip without any accident. The men on Ihore dclired fomc iire>arms and ammunition, for there were many bears in light. I therefore ordered two barrels of powder, fome fmall arms, fome provi. iions, with my own papers and money, to be put on board die pinnae*] but as (he put off from the (hip's fide, a fea ovcrfet her, fo that all was loft, with the life of one nun, and fcveral others uken up for dead. The pinnace likewife was daihed to pieces, to our great for- row, as bv that difafter, one lueans of efcaping from this difmal country, in cafe the Profperous defertcd us, was cut off*. The long-boat being on board, and the fea running high, the boatfwain and fome others would compel me and the Lieutenant to leave the (hip, faying it was impotfible for her to live long in that fea, and that they nad rather be drowned than I; but deliring me when I came on (bote, if it were potTiblc, to fend the boat again for them. Before wc got half way to (hore the ftiip overfet, fo making all polfible hafte to land the men we had on board, I went off to the (hip again, to &vethofe poor men who had been fo kind to woe before. With great hazard I got to the quarter of the (hip, and they came down theudder into the boat, only one man was left behind for dead, who had before beencaft away in the piniucc; fo I returned to the ihore, though very wet and cold. We then hauled up the boat, and went up the land about a flight (hot, where our men were making a fire and a tent with can- vafs and oars, which we had faved for that purpofe, in nrhich we all lay that night wet and weary. Ine next morning the man wc len on board having recovered, got upon the mizen-maft, and prayed to oe uken on Store, but it blew fo hard, and the lea ran fo high, that tho'he was a very pretty failpr, none would venture to brinshimoff. "The weather continuing blowing with extremefogs, and with froft and fnow, and all the ul-compaded wea- ther that could be imagined put together, we built more tents to preferveourfelvest and trie (hip breaking In pieces, came all on Ihore to the fame place where we landed, which fcrved us for (helter and firing. Befides, there came to us fomc hogfliewb of flour, and brandy in No. 3«. good lltwe, which was no little cmniurt in our grea' ex-* trcmity. We now lay between hope and defpa r, pray- ing for fair weather, that Captain 1 lawcs nnulit find us, which it was impoiTible for hiih ever to do while the weather continued foogyi but fearing at the famd time that he might be calTaway as well as we* " But fuppofing we nevcrwere td fee Kim again, t waa refulved to try the utmoll to fave as many as 1 could in the long-boat. In order thereunto ^e raifed her tw« feet, ami laid a deck upon her (o kc«p the fea out m much as potTiblei and with this boat, and thirty men, for Ihc would carry no more, 1 intended to row and fail to RufTia, but the crew not being fatisfied who (hould be the men, began to be very unruly in their mind and be- haviour, every one havinnumuch reafon to fave him- felf as another, fomc holding confuiution to fiive the boat, and all to run the like fortune i but here brandy was our beft friend, for it kept the men always fox'd, fo that in all their dcfigns I could prevent them. Some were in the mind to go by land, but that 1 knew was impolTible to any man ; neither had we provilions nor ammunition to defend us from the wild beafts; fo the paffage by land L cins impradicaMc and nopaffage by fea to be attempted till forty men were dcftroycd, I will Iviave it to the confideration of any, whether wc were not in a moft deplorable condition, without the interpo- fition of divine providence. " The weathercontinued ftill very bad, with fogs,fi»Bw, rain, and froft, till the 9th day of our being on (hore, which was the 8th day of July, when in the morning it cleared up, and toourgrcntjoy one of our people cned out a fail, which proved Captain Flawest lowefet fire to our town, that he might fee where we were, which he prefently difcovered, fo came up, and f^nt his boat to us : but before I went oft. I wrote a brief relation of the intention of the vo;^age, with the accident (hat had befallen us, and put it into a glafs bottlci and left it irt the fortification I had there built > fo by twelve o'clock wc all got fafe on board, but left all on (hore that wc had faved from the fliip ; for wc much feared it would prove fogey again, and that we (hould be driven once more on this miferable country ; a country, for the moft part.covered perpetually with fnow, and what is bare being like bogs, on whofe furface grows a kind of mofs, bear- ing a blue and yellow flower, the whole produd): of the earth in this defolate region. Under the furface, about two feet deep, we came to a firm body of ice, a thing never heard of before; and againft the icc-cliifs. which are as high as either of the fore-lands in Kent, the Vdk has waflied underneath, and the arch overhanging, moft fearful to behold, fupports mountains of fnow, which, I believe, hath lain there ever fince the creation." Thus far in Claptain Wood's own words. He ^iddi* that by the tides letting diredlly in upon the (hore, it may be affirmed «ith certainty, that there is no p^age to the nonhward. One thing remarkable in his rela- tion, and which feettls to Contradid the report of formed navintors, is, that the fea is there falter than he had yet taftra it elfewhere, and the deareft in the world, for that he could fee the (hells at the bottom, though the fea was four hundred artd eighty reet deep. Beinsall embarked On board the Profp«t«us, dn the !thof July they changed tlieir courfe. ind ftecrcd for ijlgland; and, on the 23rd of Auguft, they arrived fafe in the Thames, without any remarkable accident intervening. After the milcarriage of this voyaget on which the higheft expedations had been formed, the moll cxpe^ rienced navigators in England feemed to agree, that a paiTagc by the N. or N.£. had no exiftence. They were the more confirmed in this error, for an error it is, by the reafons afligfied by Capuin Wood, for changing his opinion on this matter; for,before he went upon the dlfcovery, he was fully peifuaded himfelfj and like- Te pcrfuaded many others, that nothing was more renain. When, however, he firft faw the ice, he imagined it was onlv that which joined to Greenland, and that no folid body of ice extended fiuther from land than twenty 4 ^ leagues 1 3i8 CoMMODOKi PHIPP8 (now Lord MULORAVE'i) VOYAGE i I M leagues ; in thi» pcrfuafion he altcrcil hi« courfe, and coaOrd along in thediroltion in which the ict '«y, ex- pelling, at every cape or hcad-lami of ice, after running icertain diftancc, to lind un ojjening into the Polar ocean I but after running two or three glafles to the northward in one bay, he found himfelf entangled in another j and thusit continued till his ftiip was wrecked. By thi« experiment, he found the opinion of Barents confuted, namely, " that by Hearing the middle courfc between Spitlbereen and Nova Zcmbia, an open fea might beatraincd, in which i fliip might fafcly fail as fiiiras the pole." From his own experience, he there- fore pronounced, that all the Dutch relations were for- ccricJ which aflcrted, that any man had ever been under the pole; vcrilybelteving, that if there be no land to the northward of 80 degrees, that the fea is there fro/rn, and always continues fo; and grounding his m>inion Mtion this remark, that if the body of ice which he faw were to be conveyed ten degrees more to the fouth- ward, many centuries of )car8 would elapfe before it would be melted. To thiii pofitivc aflcrtion. however, may be oppofcd, the tertiinony of many credible perfons, feme of whom have thcinfeivcs failed beyond the 80th degree of north latitude, and others upon evidence whofe veracity there is no rcafonable caufe to bring in quellion. Among the latter, the teftimony of Mr. Jofeph Moxon, member of the Royal Society of London, mult have confiderablc weight. In a paper which this gen- tleman caufcd to be printed in the Philofophical Tranf- atftions, is this remarkable relation. " Eteing about twcntv years ago in Amfterdam, 1 went into a public houfe to dri«k a cup of beer for my thirft ; and fitting by the public fire, among feveral people, there happened a fcaman to come in, who feeing a frii'nd of his there, who he knew went the Greenland voyage, wondered to fee him, b<;caufc it was not yet time for the Greenland fleet to come home, and alked him, what accident had brought him home fo foon? His friend (who was the ftccrfman) anfwercd, that their Ihips went not out to fifli, but only to ukc in the lad- ing of the fleet, to bring it to an earfy market. But, faid he, before the fleet had caught filh enough to lade us, we, by order of the Greenland Company, failed nrlto the north pole, and came back again. Where- upon, fays Moxon, I entered into difcourfe with hiin, and fecmcd toqucftion the truth of what he faidj but he did aflure me it was true, and that the fhip was then in Amfterdam, and many of the feamen belonging to her ready to juftify the truth of it ; and told nx, more- over, that they had failed two degrees beyond the pole. I aflted him, if they found no land or illands about the pole? Heanfwcred, no; there was a free and own fea. Iafkedhim,if they did not meet with a great deal of ice? He told me, no; they faw no ice about thciwlc. j alked him, what weather they had there? He told me, fine warm weather, fuch as was at Amfterdam in the fummer-timc, and as hot. 1 ftiould have aflted him more qucftions. but that he was engaged in difcourfe withhisfriend.andlcouldnot, in modefty, interrupt them longer. But I believe the ftcerfman fookc truth; for hcfcemed a plain, honeft, and unaflWla- tious perfon, and one who could have no dcfign upon To authenticate this relation it has bce» obferved, that under the poles, the fun in June being 23 degrees hidi, and having little or no depreflion towards the hwizon, always, as it were, fwimming about in the fame elevation, might invigoralt that part of the hcmifpheie with more heat than he docs our climate ; when he is, in the winter, no more than i c degreci at the higheft, and but eight hours above the horizon; in which ipacc the earth has time to cool, and to lofe, in the night, the influences of heat which it receives in the day. Another report upon like evidence was made to ■ King Charles the Second, by Capuin Goulden, whof being a Greenland whaler himlelf, fpoke with two Hollanders in the North Seas, that had failed within one degree of the pole, wHerc they met with no ice, but : a hollow grown fea, like chat in the Bay of Bifcay. A ftill more rrediblr tcftimony i«, that about thc^ear 670, application being madetotheftatrsgencral for a charter to incorporate a company of merchants to trade to JapnnandC'hina.byanewpafliige to the nor'h eaft; the then Eiul India Company opiiolrd it, and that fo ert'eOluall)^; that their Hi|^h Migliiinellcs rcfufed tognint what the merchants rcqueftcd. At that time it was talked of in Holland, as a matter of no difficulty to fail to Japan by the way of Green- land! and it was publickly aflcrted and believed, that fevenil Dutch (hips had adually done it. The mer- chants being re(|uiml to verify this fkl, defired that the journals of the Greenland fouadron of 1655 might be produced 1 in feven of whicn there was notice taken of a fliip which that year had failed as high as the lati- tude of 891 and three journals of that Ihip being pro- duced, they all Agreed, as to one obfervation taken by the mafter, Auguft i, i6jj, in 8ft dc^^rees 56 minutes north. But a proof inconteftible, is the teftimony of Captain Hudfon, who failed in 1607 to the latitude of 81 dcg. 30 min. north, where he arrived on the 1 6th of July, the weather being then pretty warm. Add to all thek', that the IXitch who v^xre employed in 1670, in endeavouring to lind a N. l-'.. palfage, ad- vanced within a very few degrees of that open fea, which is now commonly navigated by the KuHians, and which would infallibly have brought them to the coafts of China and Japan, had they pcrfevcrcd in the courfe they wtre purfuing. It does not apj^ear, however, from any authentic ac- counts that \vc can colled, that any voy:i[;e, profelltdly for the difcovery of a N. E. pafl"age, has been undertaken by either public or private adventurers in England, fince that of Captain Wood in the year 1676, till the prcfent year: and it is more than probable, that if the Ruflian difcoveries on the north of Afia had never taken place, the thoughts of finding a pradlicable paflage from Eu- rope in that diredion, would have laindonnant foe ever. But the vaft and enterprizing genius of Peter the Great, in forcing his fubjedts out of that obfcurity in which they had long been involved, has opened to the maritime powers new fources of commerce, and fur- . niflied freln motives for new enterprizes. From a peo- ple unacquainted with a vcfTel bigger than a bark, and who knew no navigation but that of their own rivers, that wonderfiil Prince not only taught them the ufe of (hips, but inftru(fled them in the true principles of building and equipping them. Nay, he did more; for after making himfelf known and admired through- out Europe, he conceived the defign of opening a com- munication with the rcinotefl parts of the globe, and difcovering to the world new countries which no Euro- pean nation had ever yet explored. ' With this defign, he planned one of the boldefl: en- terprizes that ever entered into the heart of man ; and though he did not furvive to fee it executed, the glory of the atchievement is wholly his. The country of Kamtfchatka was as much unknown to his prcdeccflbrs, as it was to the reft of the civilired nations of the earth ; yet he formed the defign of mak- ing that favage country the centre of the moft gloriptn atchicvements. It was in the laft year of this great Monarch's lift, that he commiAioned Captain Behring to traverfc the wild, and then almoft deiolatc, country of Siberia, and t9 continue his route to Kamtfchatka, wlierc he #as to build one or more veflfcls, in order to difcover irW- thc country towards the north, offWhich at that time they had no diftind knowledge, was a part of America, or not; and if it was, his inftrudions authorized him to endeavour, by every poflibic means, to fcek and cnW- vate the acquaintance of fome European people, and to leam from them the ftate of the country at which he (hould arrive. If he failed in this, he was to mi^rfuch difcoveries ascircumftancct Ihould prefent, and cornittit^ to writing the rcfult of his obfervations fortKe ufe of Ms imperial mafter. To enter minutely into the particulars of Captain Bchring's f GE HJtthc^'car ncral fur a t« to trade nor'h cart I nnd that to fed to grant II a matter of Grccn- licvcd, that The tncr- rcd that the might be nice t4ken as the iati- being pro- m taken by 56 minutes of Captain of 81 dcg. )th of July, reemployed palfagc, ad- Mi fea, V, hich i, and which ic coafts of I the courfe uthentic ac- , profefliilly n undertaken ngiand, fince II the prcfent the Ruflian r taken place, ipe from Eu- donnant for of Peter the obfcurity in opened to the rcc, and fur- From a pco- I a bark, and ir own rivers, :m the ufc of principles of K did more; ired through- tcning a com- le globe, and lich no Euro. leboldeft en- of man ; and ed, the glory uch unknown the civilized cHgn of mak- mofl gloripns anarch's lift, > traverfc the r Siberia, and liere he #as lifcovcr wh*- 1 at that time t of America, orized him to ck and cnW- xopie, and to at which he toms^cfuch :, atidcomitiii^ the ufc of Ms •s of Captain Bchring's For making DISCOVERIES twartli the N O R T H i POL E, &c ,<'9 f Bchring'.i je of Kamtfchatka, is open to the iflcs of Japan, and from a fubfequent account of RufTian voyaged, publiflied in the Philofophical Tranfadtlons, from a paper communicated by the celebrated Euler, it appears, that they pafled along in fmall veflels, cuafting between Nova Zcmbla and tM cdntmcnt, at divtrs =times in the middle of fummer, w1le*i thofe fcas were t>ptn. The firft expedition was froin the river Oby, latitude 66 dcg. N. longitude 65 deg. E. from Londbn, and at the approach of winter, the vclFels (hcltercd themfelvcs by going up the Janiflta, the moUth of which is marked m our maps in latitude 70 deg. N. and in longitude 81 dcg. E. from whence the next funnner they proceeded to the mouth of the Lena in latitude 72 deg. N. and in longitude 1 1 5 dcg. into which they again retired for the winter feafon. The third ex- })edition was from the mouth of this river, to the artheft nsnh capeof Afla, in 72 deg. of north latitude, and in 172 deg. ofcaft loncinide from London. Thus the Ruffians having paffed between the continent and Nova 2^embla, and failed as far as the eaftcrnmod north cape, and the Engliih and I>itch having repeatedly faiied through the (traits that divide Nova Zembia from the continent, nothing can be a plainer demonftration of the reality of the N. E. paflkgc, than :h- fum of the voyages here cnumehited, when added together. The , En^ifh and Dutch fail to Wygatr,, or the ftrait of. Nova Zembia; the Rufliani fail from Wygatr to the north cape of Afia; and Bchring from the north cape to Japan. This is an incontrovertible demonftration ; yet it is obvious, that this o )u '-fc can never be pradicable TO (hips employcid in trade. The Ruffians, by taking the advantage of an mien fea and mild weather, in three years time accompliflicd biit part of a voyage, which, by the Cape of Good Hope, mav be made in lefs than one. Who therefore would run the hazard of fo dtf- pcratea'pairagc,forthefakeof reaping imaginary ad- vantages by an intercourfe with favages, who, for aught we know, have nothing to exchange for European com- moditicsi but the (kins of bears, or the bones of inon- flers. • But though the pa(rage to the northern countries of the eaft was known to be impradlicable to European navigaton in this diredlion, it was worthy the great-' nets of a maritime people, to endeavour to determine the poflTibility of attaining the fame end by another courfe. The mifcarriage and death of Barcntz. and the ftip- 4 wreck nfLaptatn W tMid, had Jeh iU<- qmlhon unde- termined whether the regions adioinina to the ^wle arc land or water, (roz-cn or o()cn fea. The advaiifagcs from this ilifio render it fuccefsful, was in every refpcd pro- portioned tothe iin|)ortnnce ofthedifcovery. The velfol* that were made choi.e of were thr pro> pcrclt' that could bedevifwl. Homl) ketches are in the rtrit intlan. e (Voutly built, and not being over lar^je, arc Mi adaptcti (or navigating (can tiiai are known to ab.niiul >*ith llioais and covered rocks: tliefe veflels, belides Ihcir natural Hrength, were (heathed w ith plank «f leaContd oak tlinc inches thick, to fortily them agaiiiU the fliocks and preliiire ol the ice, that, in their progrefs, they mu(t infallibly encounter. They were, belidi-;, fiirnilhed with a double fet of ice jwles, an- chors, rabies, fails and rigging, to provide againlV the terrible ttleCts of the feverc and lempclluoiis weather, thai Ircqiicatly happens in hif«h latitudes, even in the mkltMeof the n\ol\ temperate feafons. Nor was his lordtliip lefs careful to [)rovide for the comlorrable (viblillcncc of the men, than for the prefer- vaiion of thtir lives, by his Aife directit)ns in equip- Eing their (hips. His lirf\ care was, to ifluc orders for ilhng and curint; " '"'''' '«^nt quantity of beef and pork in the beft manner poflibie, that their provilions might be good and (ftlh » and his next, to caufc 100 buts of porter to be brewed with the bell malt and hops, that they might have proper drink to fortify them againft the rigour of the climate they were about to pafs. Their peafe, oatmeal, rice, and molaiTes, were all provided with equal care, and when all things were in readincfs, the beer was flowed in the holds, and the vacancies filled up with coals, which ferved as ballaft, that firing might not be wanting to warm and dry them when cold, or wet with labour, or with watching. Add to this, that a double quantity offpirits were put on board, with a large proportion of^wine, vinegar, mulbrd, &c. &c. and what, we believe, was never before thought of in the fitting out of any king's (hips, a confiderable quantity of tea and fugar for the fick, in cafe any (hould be feized with that dreadful difordcr, which rendered (hip proviC'ons loathfomc to Captain James's men, who were conft ained to winter in Charitori Ifland in i'63l. Thefe mei fell ficjc and had fore mouths, and could neither cat Secf, pork, fifh, nor potage; the furgeon was every mirning and evening obliged to Sick their teeth, and . ut away the pieces of rotten elh from their gums, y ?t they could cat nothing but bread pounded in a mortar, and fried in oil, on which they fubfifled for feveral months. In cafe of accidents of this kind, and that tea (hould fail to anfwer the pur- pofes of nourifhmcnt, a quantity of portable foup was likewife provided. And to complete the whole, a ftock of warm cloathiiig was laid in, confining of fix fear- nought jackets for each man, two milled caps, two pair df fcarhought troWfers, four pair of milled ftockings, and an excellent pair of boots, with a dozen pair of milled mitt*, two cotton (hirts, and two hankcr- chieft. Thus equipped and provided, the command ofthe Race Hor(c was given to the Hon. Conftantine Phipps, as Commodore, and that of the Carcafc to Captain Skifllington Lutwych 1 the firil mounting eight fix pounders and 14 fwivels, burthen 3 50 tons; the latter (bur fix pounders and 14 fwivels, burthen 300 tons. Let us now proceed to the journal ofthe voyage. ALL 'Ml ^1 t 'I vt r V 3ae CoMMoboKi PHIPPS (now Load MULORAVB'i) VOYAGE A' or (hn r 1 5 W* LL thing* hiing now in rradineft, the oflken on hoard, iinil the men paid their bounty-money three pound* per man, accordinK *<* ^'* Mtfitty't ruy«l proclamation, for the encouragemcm of thme w ho (hould voluntarily enter to underuke the voyage. On the jrd of June 1773, the Commodore node the lit^nat to weigh t but prcvioui to their departure, the Ctrcafc having been judscd too deep to navigate thoTe heavy Teas through which (he waa to paii, the Capcain obtained leave from the board of Admiralty to re-land 10 of her complement of men, and to put afliorc fix of the eight fix-poundcn with which Ine waa equipped, with a quantity of proviliont, pixiportianed to the number of men that it had been tnought proper to difcharsc. On Friday the 4th, being oft' Sheemefi, the wind W. by N. and a frcfli breeze, they took their departure, and continued their voyase without any material occurrence happening till Tucfday the 1 5th, when 'he GNnmodorc made the (ignal to lie to. They were then oiTBnfley Illand, and many Aihing-boati from Shetland being in fight, the men were invited on board, and fome filh purchafcd of them at a cheap rate. On the 1 7th, thev took a new departure from Shet- land, but the day folkiwinB the fog thickened lb much, that it almod approached to total darkncfi. During the contintuuicc of the fog, thcQimmodorc kept tiring gum and beating dnima, to prevent the Carcafi; from bting conapany. Ai it wu impoiTible that one couU fee the other at a (hip's length, it waa found the more necclTary to repeat and rctum the firing, left they fhould run foul of each other before they coukl be ap- prized of their danger. About five in the morning tne milt cleared up, and about nine the Commodore bcuv in light, made the fignal to the Carcafe to fteer N. E. They were then in latitude 60 deg. the wcadwr haxy I heard three guns fire at a diltance, but Taw no (hip or other obJeeF. The whalea are here in no gnat plenty, and few fliips appear in the open fea in pur- fuit of them. They generally at this feafon frequent the bays and creeks near the fhore, and only bicak away when they are purfued or wounded. On Thurfday the 34th, the Coinnu>dore changed hi* courfe to E. N. E. and on the a ah, they were in lati- tude 74deK- 7 "^'n- N. and in 8 deg.ja min. E. longi- tude from London. Served out to the (hip's company plenty of muftard, pepper, vinegar, &c. The weather extremely cold and variable. At eight in the evening thick fogi at two in the morning fretn breezes ; at eight clear weather ; at eleven fqually , and at noon calm, with fleet and fnow. On Saturday the 36th, at midnight, they had an ob. fervation, ana found themfelves in latitude 74 deg. 17 min. N. frcih gales, fometimes rain, fleet, and mowi at feven in the morning clear weather and an open fea. Sunday 37, light airs from the fouthward, and cloudr weather 1 much warmer than the preceding day. It is renurkable, that the viciflitudes of heat and cold are more frequent here than in the more foutherly latitudes. It often changes from temperate to extreme cold; and that fuddenly. It fliould fcem likewifc. that the ice frequently changes its place in thi* latitude 1 or that it ia more folid near land than in the open fea t for, on the 33rd of June, 1676, Capuin Wood, being more to the caft. w.ird. fell in with ice right a-head, not more than a league diftant. He fteercd akmg it, thinkJiw it had openings, but found them to be bavs. He loundect and found ground at 1 j8 fathom, foft green oar. In fome places he found pieces of ice driving oflT a milp from, the main body in ftran^ flupes. refembling ftiips, txecs, buildings, beafts, fafhes, and even nwn* The main body of ice being low and craggy, he could fee hills of a blue colour at a diftance, and valleys that were white as fnow. In (bme places he obferved diift wood among the ice. Some of the ice he melted, and found it frefli and good. This navigator never could advance farther to the north ( but in (eekir^ to penetrate the ice was (hip-wrecked, as has been already related in the Introduction. He therefore judged tKe ice impenetrable, and that land or ice furrounded the pole. Qur navigators found al(b much wood in this latitude floating about the (hips, and (aw great flocks of birds. Monday 38, the weather altered ; the wind weft. Frcfli breezes, with rain and fleet. Latter part thick Tucfday 39, being in latitude 78 deg. N, and in loi^itude 6 drg. 39 min. E. from London, icame in fight of land, when the fliipsi brought to, and the Cap- tauu held aconfultation concerning their future courfe. "the appearance of the land lav from E. S. E. to N. E. and this day they fpoke with the Marquis of Rocking, ham, Greenlandman. who by their reckoning, were then IB having I a happy :icv«ii IwidCar. I on boani [ing cold I tuuc, in a the call- tland to nor had relating, lor brealu kit ivf ir |rain froze ftanding lihecouid (iiiig to weather iit law no no great in pur- jucnt the eak away For making DISCOVERIES towardi the NORTH P () I, E, «cc. i a uidcloudr dajr. It id cold are X latitudei. icoldj and then in latitude 70 df^. 40 mm. N. thatRh by that of the Commodore, ineir latitude »»i<>nl^ 7II dej;. 3 min, Thi« dirtcrence, It ii probable, anlcii Irnm not making the proper allowance lor rrlVaiftion in thii hif(h lati- Hide. The Greenlandmen prerented each ofihc Coin- m^mieri with a deer anJ a half, which thev found well-flavoured venifon, though not over fat. tie like- wife informed, that he had jull come fromth: ce, and that the day Ixforc, three whaler* had been crulhcd to pirrt* by iti doling u|ion them I'uddcnly. Wedncfday ^o,, purfued ihcir courfe. Cloudy weather, l-iall paft four in the morninc founded 1 1 2 fiithomt, foft blue mud. At thin time lilack I'oint, To called from iu d.irk appearaiKc, born N. K. by K. three nuarteri E. at the diltanec of fcvcn or einht leaf(uci. At half part fevcn in the morning, f:uv two fail in the N. W. quarter. At half part twelve tacked and (Inod to the calh Sounded, and found ground at 11 5 fathom. Thurfday July I, lijjht breeze* and clear weather at midnight: the fun aa bright as at noonday. Black Point E. one half S. dillant fcven league*. At three in the morning made Charle*'* Ifland, and at nine faw a fail to the weftward whaU ing 1 they were then in latitude 78 dcg. 18 min. N. byobfcrvation. Sounded, and foiiml (he fame depth a* before. Friday 3, light air* and moderate weather. Lay to and took the altitude of a mountain, which they named Mount Pamaflu* 1 found it from the level of the fea to be 3960 feet high, covered with fnow, and at a diftancc refenibling un ancient building, witn fome- thing like a turret a-top. The foot of tni* mountain, with the hillt adjoining, have fometimes a very fiery appearance, and the ice and fnow on their fldei re- re:iil>ling tree* and (hrubs, gliftcn with a brilliancy that exceed the fplendor of the brighted gem*. When thi* h,ippcn*, a violent (lorm generally fuccecd*. Here they fliot foii.e fea IumI, but of an oily tafte. Saturday 3, proved a perfedl calm. They fpoke with a H(»l!ander, who foretold, that a degree or two fiirther north was the utmoll extent of their urogrcft this feafon. Having doubled Cape Cold, they an- 'choied in 15 fathom water, about three mile* from the land, and fent the boats alhorc for water, which they found in abundance, pouring down in little ftreams from the rocks. At five in the afternoon, by the mean of four azimuth*, the variation was found to be 1 8 dcg. 36 min. W. Sounded, and found only 6( fathoms, loft brown mud. Mount Parnaflus E. N. E. three or four leagues. Among other reafons which Captain Wood gave for williing to be employed on the dif- covery of the N. E. palTage, one wa*, that he might have an opportunity of approaching the pole, in onJer to fettle an hypothefis, which he had long framed, whereby the inclination of the magnetical neralc under the horizon, in all latitudes and m all longitude*, with the variation of the compaft, might be eiia apixar. At three In the alirrnonn the ConuiMMlorc haulc«l up from a large bl. Thurfday 8, the weather Rill remaining cloudy, and the wind variable, both fliius ftill were entangled in the ice I and the Carcafc being driven to leeward, hoidcd out her long-boat to tow up with the Com- modore. But the icc clofing very fatt, it was impolTi- ble for the boat* to live. Order* were then given to tack ind ftand to the fouthward 1 but the Ihip* not bein^ ible to make head r.^ inlV the accumulation of ice r.i.it continually garherco round them, were under a nccunt/ of -pplyii.,_ to their ice anchor* and pole*, in order to wap thioi' ,,h it. At half pall right in the evening, the ii\; beg. .ning to open, they again hoilled out th. f boats, ?-\ with difbculty . ved the fliips round a cape of i< c projeiilin ,om ti\.' main body, and at laft got tie.ir. At ten ■ l)oats were hoilled on board. In cxtricatiiigrh. 'eves from this daiigerout fituation, the Race l-iorfe id her beft bower-anchor fnapt in the fba • . c ufc to the Hock, »■ the Carcafc loft her ftarbo.1 .'. t>><;;'pkin and head-ra; It frequent!' hap^. ns, that (hipt befet amoni^ the ice in the manner above related, pcrifli by being dai' rd to piecet againft the folid fields of icc, or crulhcd b/ ., . broken piecet crowding upon one another, and rifing fo fall about the fhip, as to exceed the height of her fides, and then there is no efcaping. They were told by fomc cxperirnced feamen, that the ice rifes out of the fea as higi .bmetimcs as mountains 1 and that fevcrat of thele mountains, by flriking together and coalefcing, form thcfc iflands of icc that arc frequently feen in the lower latitudes, driving up and down the fea u the wind and tides diredl them. Thcgreateft danger to be apprehended, it, however, from the loofe icei for the whalert often moor their fhipt to the folid fields of ice, that at certain feafona r- ; -n to reft upon the earth, and appear fixed to it, and : re find the beft fifbing. In fuch fituationt it often iiappcnt, that little or no loofe icc it to be fecn ; yet prelcntly upon a change of wind, or the blowing of a ftorm, it fliall pour in upon them (o fuddenly, that they fometimet perift) in it. It is not pofTiblc ta account for the aftoniftiing quantity that will gather in this manner in left than an hour's ume. Though it feeri'.s to be agreed, that many of the largcft fields of icc are frozen to the depth of the fea in which they are found, and that they are bedded on the folid earth, vet it it equally certain, that they are often rent afunder by the raging billowt ; and that in breaking, they produce the moft terrifying noife in nature \ luy, it is afferted, that the dalhing ot the pieces of loofe ice againft each other, on any cxtraordinaiy agitation of tne waves, it attended with a roaring 16 loud, that a man who it near it can hardly hear the found of hi* own voice. Friday the 9th, they hauled up to the weftward, and loft light one of the other i but about nine next morn- ing they came in fight, and joined clear, and the fun fliincs full upon thefe mountains, the profped is inqonceivably brilliant. They fome- times put on tht bright glow of the evening rays of the fetting fun, when reflcdcd upon glafs, at his going down; fometimes they appearof a bright blue, like fap- phire, and fometimes like the variable colours of a prifm, exceeding in luftrc the richert gems in the world, difpofed in Ihapes wonderful to behold, all glittering with a luftre that dazzles the eye, and (ills the air with aflonifliing brightnefs. Smearingburgh harbour, where they landed, was firll difcoveredby the Dutch. Here they ereded Ihedsand conveniences for boiling the oil from the fat of the whales, inftead of barrelling it up to be boiled at home. Here alfo, allured by the hope of gain, they built a vil- lage, and endeavoured to fix a colony: but the firft fettlers all pcriflied in the enfuing winter. The re- mains of the village may be traced to this day ; and their ftoves, kettles, kardels, troughs, ovens, and other implements, remained in the fliape of folid ice long after the utcnfils themfelves were decayed. Our voyagers were told, that the Ruffians have lately at- tempted the fame thing, and that loout of 1 5 periflied laft winter in this fecond attempt. Where every objed is new. it is not eafy fora ftranger to fix which firft to admire. The rocks are flriking objedls: before a florm they exhibit a fiery appearance, and the fun looks pale upon them, the fnow giving the air a bright rcfledion. Their fummits are a'moft always involved in clouds, fothat it is but juft poflibic to fee the tops of them. Some of thefe rocks are but one ftone from bottom to top, appearing like an old decayed ruin. Others conlift of huge maffes, veined differently, like marble, with red, white, and yellow, and probably, were they to be fawed and poliflicd. would equal, if not excel, the fineft Egyptian marble we now fo much admire. Perhaps the diflancc and danger of carrying large blocks of ftones, may be the realon that ho trials have been made to manufadlure them. On the foutherly and wefterly fides of thefe rocks grow all the planu, herbs, and moffes peculiar to this country ; on the northerly and eaftcrly fides the wind ftrikes fo cold when it blows from thefe quarters, that it pcriflies every kind of vegetable. "Thefe plants grow to perfedion in a very ftiort time. Till the middle of May the whole country is locked up in ice; about the beginning of July the plants arc in flower, and about the latter end of the fame month, or bcginninsof Auguft, they have perfeded their feed. The earth owes its fertility, in a great mcafuie, to the dung of birds, who build and breed their young here in the fummcr, and in the winter repair to more favourable climates. Ihe plants that are moft common in Spitftx:rgen arc fcurvy-graft and crows-toot; there are befides fmall houfe-leak, and a plant with aloe-leaves; an herb like ftone-crop ; fome fmall fnake-weed ; moufe-car ; wotod- ftrawbcry; periwinkle; and a herb peculiar to the country which they call the rock>plant. The leaves of this plant are in ihape like a man's tongue, above fix (eit long, of a dull yellow colour. The ifalk is round and fmooth, and of the fame colour with the leaf; it rifes tapering, and fmells like mufcles. It is an aquatic, and riles iniieight in proportion to the depth of water in which it is found. There arc other plants and herbs, but thefe arc the chief. Of flowers, the white poppy feems the principal. The rocks and precipices are full of fiffures and clefts, which afford convenient harbour for birds to lay their eggs, and breed their young in fafety, MoA of thefe birds are water-fowl, and feck their food in the fca. Some, indeed, are birds of prey ; and purfue and kill others for their own fufteoancc, but thefe arc rare. The wat«r-fowl eat ftrong and filhy, and their fat i« not to be endured. They ar:- fo numerous about the rocks, as fometimes to darken the air when they rife in flocks; and they fcreaia fo horribly, that the rocki ring with their notfe. I There For making DISCOVERIES towards the NORTH POLE, &c. 323 I ■■ - '-- ■--- - , Thcfc There are a few fmall bird* like our fnipcs, and a kind of fnow-bird, but different from that found about Hudfon's bay. 'The ecntlenicu (hot fomc of the water- fowl, but they were iTrong and ill-iafted. The ice-bird is a very beautiful little bird, but very rare. He is in fize and (hapc like a turtle-dove, but his plumaRC, when the fun Ihines upon hiin, is of a bright yellow, like the eoldcn rinc in the peacocks tail, and almoft daxiles the eye to look upon it. The other inhabitants of this forlorn country arc white bears, deer, and fo::cs. How thcfc creatures can fubfil^ in the winter, when the whole earth is co- vercfl with fnow, and the fea locked up in ice, is hardly to be conceived. It has been faid, indeed, that when the ocean is all frozen over, and no fuftcnancc fo be procured in this country, they travel foutherly to the warmer climates, where food proper for them abounds in the immenfc forefts of the northern con- tinent. But whoever confiders the vaft diftancc be- tween Spittbergen and the neareft parts of the northern continent, will be as much at a lois to account for the fubfiftencc of thcfc creatures in their journoy, as in the defolate region where they undoubtedly remain. The bear is by ftr the bell accommodated to the climate of which he is an inhabitant. He is equally at home on land and water, and hunts diligently for his prey in both. In fuinmer he finds plenty of food from the re- fufcof the whales, fea-horfcs and feals, which is thrown into the fea by the whalers, and cover the (horcs during the time of whaUng ; and thev have befidcs a wonder- _ ful fagacity in fmelling out the carcafes of the dead,' let them be ever fo deeply buried in the earth, or co- vered with (tones. The dead therefore that annually are buried here may contribute, in fomc degree, to the fubfillcncc of a few' of thcfc creatures in winter ; but the queftion will ftill recur, how the race of them fubfifted before the whale-fifhery had exiftencc, and before men found the way to this inhofpitable (hore. Dif^uifitions of this kind, as they arc beyond the reach ot human comprchenlion, fervc only to raife our admiration of that omnipotent Being to whom nothing is impolTiblc. Thcfc creatures, -s they differ in nothing but their colour and (ize from tl. ' m ,■ I en the tcntlcrcil parts ot' the wiaic s boviy, bciwet.ii his fins, on his Ihcath. and on his lips, and cats pieces out of his Helh, as if eaten by vultures. They found no fpiings of frcrti water in Spitlbcrgen ; but in the valleys, between the mountains, are niuny little rilU cau;td by the rain and melting of the fnow in fummcr ; and from thefc rills the ihips arc fupplied. Some arc of opinion, that this water is unwholclbme, but they are more nice than wife. The whaling peo- ple have drank of it for ages, and have found no ill efteifls from the ufe of it. Ice taken up in the middle of thcfe feas and thawed, yields alfo good frefli water. On boarxl the Race Horfe, Dr. Irvtnc, the gentleman who received the premium by a grant of parliament, for his difcovcry of an eafy procefs for making falt- water frelh at fea, tried many experiments at Spitf> bcrgcn, and in the courfe of the voyage: the refult of which will appear at a proper time. That gentleman had formed a projcd tor preferving flelh-meat frelh and fwcct in long voyages, but it did not anfwcr in this. In calm weather they remarked, that the fea about the iflands appeared uncommonly ftill and fmooth; that it was not fuddcnly moved at the firft approach of blowing weather ; but that when the ftorm continued, the waves fwelled gradually, and rofe to an incredible height. Thefc fwelling waves fucccflively follow one another, and roll along before the wind, foaming and raging in a frightful manner, yet they are thought lefs dangerous than thofe that break ibort, and are lefs mountainous^ 1 hey obfcrved likcwifc, that the ice that reded on the ground was not ftationary, but that it changed place i and they learnt alio, that in fome feafons there was no ice, where this fcafon they were in danger of being embayed. There docs not, however, from thence appear the lead reafon to conclude, that any pradti- Cible paifagc tv the Indian ocean can ever be found m this direction j for were it certain that the feas were always open under the pole, yet great bulwarks of ice evidently lurround it funictimcs at a lefs, and fome- tinies at a greater dillance. Moreover, were it pof- fible that chance (hould diteti fome fortunate adven- turer to an opening at one time, it would be more than a million to one, if the fame opening were paflable to the next who fliould attempt it. There are many harbours about Spitlbergen, befides that of Smcaringburg, where fliips employed in the whale fifliery take flicker in llormy weather; and there are fonic ilVands, fuch as Charles's Ifland, the Gifted Rock, ReJ-Hili, Hacluit's Headland, &c. that fcrve as land-marks, by which feamen dircd their courfe. Tlicfc illands arc full of the nefts ot birds; but their eggs are as naufcous as the flelh of the fowls that lay them. The failors fomctimes eat them, but they are tiliiiy food. Even the geefe and ducks on the neigh- bouring illands cat fifliy and ftrong. The air about Spitlbergen is never free from ificlcs. If you look through the lun-bcams tranfverfel; as you fit in the ihade, or where you fee the rays confined in a body, inftead of dark motes, as are leen here, you fee myriads of fliining particles that fparkle like dia- monds ; and when the fun ihincs hot, at it fomctimes docs, fo as to melt the tar in the feams of (hips when they lie ihcltered from the wind, thefe (hining atoma fecm to melt away, and dcfccnd like dew. It is feldom that the air continues clear for many days together in this climate ; when that happens, the whalers are generally fuccefsful. There is no differ- ence between night and day in the appearance of the atmofphere about Spitlbergen, one bemg as light as the other, only when the fun is to the northward, you may look at him with the naked eye, as at the moon, without duKKling. The fogs here come on fo fuddenly, that from bright fun-lhine, you are prefcntly involved in fuch obfcurity, that you can hardly fee from one end of the fliip to the other. While our lournalid was bufy in makiiw hii obfcr- vations, all belonging to the fliipt were diKrcntly co- cj;agcd in one employment or other; fome in taking in water, fome in filliing, fome in huntinj^, fome in handing the fails, and fpreading thcni out to dry, fome ill fcnibbing the fliip, and fome in viewing the country. The Commanders and oHicers, with Mr. Lyon, Mr. Robinfon, &c. buficd themfclves in making obfervntions, being furnifhcd with an apparatus, that is fnid to have cod at lead 1 5CX} pounds. From iuch a fet of indruments, in the hands of the abled obferven, the nation can boad, fome very confiderable difcoverics in the phenomena of the polar regions may be cxpcdU ed. They landed their indruments in a fmall illand. in Vogle Sound, and had fever?! opportunities during their day of ufing them to advantage. Having eredtea two tents, the Captains from the filhcry frccjuently viflted the obfervers, and cxprclFed their adnuration not only at the pcrfc(^li6n of the indruments, but likewife at die dexterity w ith which they were accom- modated. The ice began to fet in a-pacc, yet the weather was hot. The thermometer from 56 in the cabin rofe to 90 in the open air. It was dill 10 drg. higher on the top of a mountain to which it was carried. The ifland on which the experiments were made, they called Marble Ifland, from the rock by which it is formed. Having watered, and finifhed their obfervations, the (hips prepared to depart. Monday July the 19th. the Commodore made the lignal to weigh; at two in the ademoon the (hips were under lail, and as foon as they had made their offing, dood to the eadward. At three they tacked and deer- ed northward; and before four were again entangled among the loofc ice, through which they failed, di- recting their courfe along the main body, whick lay from N.W.toS. S. E. Tucfday the 20th, they continued their courfe along the ice, but could difcover no opening, though they fcarchcd every creek, and left no bay or turning un- examined. This day they obfcrved what the failors call a mock-fun, a phirnomenon well enough known in this climate. Hacluit's Headland bore S. W. one half S. 46 leagues ; the weather cloudy, with rain ; cxcefTive cold. Thermometer 37 dcg. 46 min. Wcdnefday the 2 id, the feverity of the weather in- creadng, an additional quantity of brandy was fcrved out to the people, and every comfortable refrefhment adbrded them, that they themfclves could wifh or re- quire. The courfe of the ice lay this day N. E. Thurfday 22, nothing remarkable. Fridaythe 23rd, they faw land from E. by S. to S. £. by S. At tour in the morning, Hacluit's HeiKlland bore S. E. 10 leagues; the wind variable, and the weather cold, with fleet and fnow. Thermometer 40 deg. Sunday 3S> . _ weather, and were engaged among fome pieces of ice. jnday 3(, they had gentle breezes, with cloudy feparated from the main body, which kept them con- tinually tacking and lufllii^. At length they entered among mountains and illands of ice, which came upon them fo fad, that it was with the utmod diff.c;.!- ty they could proceed ; the Carcafe having feveral times (truck againd them with fuch violence, at to raife her head four feet out of the water. They now imagined, from the folidity and extent of thefe iflands, that the late drong gales had caufed a fcpanition from the main body, the Commodore therefore changed his courfe with a drong gale to the eadward ; in the morn- ing the weather became moderate. Monday 26, at fcven in the morning, they came in fight of Red Hill, a fmall nnount which commands an open idain, known by the name of Decrs Field, by rea- fon of its futile appearance, it being the only fixx on which they dtw no drifts of fnow. To the eadward lies Muffin's Ifland. Here they founded, and found 4$ fiithoms water; rocky ground. Captain Lutwych fenc out tha longboat, with orders to foundalongtn«lhor«. and to exuninc the foil. This ifland Bi «Mut « mile long, very low, and looks at a difhnce UJce a black fpeck. I'hough the Ibil is modly fandand Igolie dones. in taking in n;,', fofne in out to dry, viewing the , with JVlr. es in making paratus, that From luch a :ft obfervcri, Ic difcovcries y be cxpciU fniall illand. initics during aving ercdcd ry frci^uentl/ admiration uments, buc were accom- weathcr waa :abin rofc to. higher on the The ifland they called it is formed, rvations, the )re made the hc(hi]>s were ; their offing, ed and flcer- lin entangled ry failed, di- hick lay from courfe along though ihcy turning un- it the lailors igh known ia I. W, one half iiin s exceflive e weather in- ly was fervcd : refreflimcnt i wifli or re- N.E. . by S. to S. t's Heidland blc, and the rmometcr 40 with cloudy liecei of ice, )t them con- they entered irhich came 10ft difr.ci.l- feveral times I to raife her w imagined, ids, that the n from the ;hanged his Ji the mom- hcycamein tnmuidt an ield, by rca- Niiy fpot on iftward lies 1 found 4j utwych fenc igthvflwre. WMt* aiile Jce a black loofe flonei, and For making DISCOVERIES towards the NORTH I'OLE, occ. 325 tnd hardly fo much as a green weed upon it, yet it is remarkable for the number of birds that rcfort to it in fummer to lay their eggs, and breed their young; and thefe not of one kind only, but of many different forts, as geefe, ducks, burgomafters, ice-birds, malamucks, kirmews, rotgers, and almoft every other fpccics of biids peculiar to the climate : infomuch, that the eggs wete m numerous, and lay (o thick upon the ground, that the men who landed found it difficult to walk without filling their ihoes. While the crew of the boat, 10 in .number, with their Valiant officer at their head, were examining the ifland, after having founded the fliores, they obferved two white bears making towards them, one upon the ice, the other in the water. Major Buz. for that was their officer's travelling title, like Falflaif, was always the botdeft man in company over a cup of fack, and mind- ed killing a bear no more than killing a gnat : brt feeing the hears approach very faft, efpecially thit which came in the water, he ordered his men to fir>. while yet the enemy was at a dtftance, as he did not think it prudent to hazard the lives of his little com- pany in clofe iight. All of them pointed their muf- Kets, and fome of the party obeyed orders ; but the greater part judging it fafer to depend upon a rcferved Are, when they had feemingly difcharged their pieces, pretended to retreat. The Major, a full fathom in the Dclly, endeavoured to waddle afler his companions ; but being foon out of breath, and feeing the bear that came in the water had Jud renched the (hore, thought «f nothing now but falling the firfl facrifice. His hair alieady flood an end ; and looking behind him, he faw the bear at no great diftance, with his nofe in the air fnuffing the fcent. He had all the reafon in the world to believe it was him that he fcented,and he had fcarce breath enough left to call to his men to halt. In this critical fituation he unfortunately dropt his gun, and in ftooping to recover it Humbled againft a gw>fe-nc(l, fell fqualh upon his belly into it, and had very nigh fmothered the dam upo^ her eggs. The old faying is, misfortunes feldom come alone. Before he could well rife, the enraged sinder came flying to the alTiftanceof his half-fmotnerra confort, and making a dart at the eye of the aflailant, very narrowly milled his mark, but difchaified his fiiry plump upon his nofe. Hie danger now being preffing, ana the battle fcrious, the bear near, and the gander ready for a fecond attack, the men, who had not fled far, thought it high time to re turn to the relief of their leader. Overjoyed to fee them about him, but frighted at the bear juO behind him, he had forgot the gander that was over his head, againft which one of the men having levelled his piece, lired and he fell dead at the Major's feet. Animated now by the death of ont enen^, he recovered his gun, and^aced about to aflill in the attack of the fecond. By this time the bear was fcarce ic yards from him, and beginning to growl, the Major jufl in the inflant was feized with a loofcnefs, dropt his accoutrements, and fell back, that he might not be in the way of his party to impede the engagement. In the hurry he was in. for in a man of fuch valour, we mud not fay the fright, he entangled his buttons, and not being able to hold any longer, he filled his breeches. The crew in an inflant hw brought down the bear, and now it was time for their leader to do fomcthing great. Having Recovered his arms, and feeing the poor bnft groveling on the ground, and growling out his laft, like a ram in a pinfold, making a fliort race backwards in order to redouble his force, he came with nine long llrides for- wards, and with the flrength and flercenefsof an en- rased bull, thnift his lance full four feet deep in the dying bear's belly. And now, fays the Major, cocking lus hat, have not I done forthe bear bravely fThe failors, who $xt iilways in a ^od humour upon fuch occa- .fioiisi but C^puin. faid they, you have but half done vour work, you have another bear to kill vet. The Major, whore fituation began to be troublclomf, con. tent with the honour he had already acquired, my lads,* Aid he, as I hiVc been the death of one bear, furc fix; No. 3^. of you in;iy kill tiie pthcr; h ordering four of them to row him on board, he left the remaining fix to kill the other hear. On this ifland two bears wei^ killed, and a fea-horfe; The fea-horfe made a defperate defence, being attacked in the warer; and had there been only one boat en- gaged in the combat, hfc certainly would have come oft vidtorious ; but the crew of the Race Horfc having Icamt that there were bears and fea horfes on this little - fpot, were willing to fiiare in the fport of hunting them, as well as in the plcafure of ufling their flefh. They accordingly landed in their boats, and came in good time to allifl in purfuing the conqucll. h happened, however, tiiat their ammunition being ahnoll fpcnt, one great bear came up to revenge the death of his fellows, and advanced fo furimidy, growling and bark- ing, that he put the whole company to flight, and fome ofthcm, it IS fiid, had no great reafon to laugh at the Major. On founding the fliores they remarked, that when the north iflands bear N. 45 E. feven or eight leagues, and Red Hill E. by S. five mile.s, there is generally from 25 to 30 fathom hard ground ; but that clofer oit fliore, when Red Hill bears E. one-fourth S, about one mile, it increafcs to 1 1 5 fathom, with foft black mud. The current about one mile an hour to the N. E. Tuefday 27, the air being perfectly fercnc, and the weather moderate, the filhes feemed to enjoy the tem- perature, and to exprcfs it by their fporting. The whales were feeii fpouting their fountains towards the Ikies, and the Hn-Hfli following their example. They likewifc this duy faw dolphins; the whole profpedl iii ftiort was more plcaling and pidurefque than they had yet beheld in this rcniotc region. The ivery ice in which they were befct looked beautiful, and put forth athoufand glittering form.^, and the tops of the moun- tains, which they could fee like fparkling gems at a vaft diftancc, had the appearance of fo many filver flars illuminating a new firmament. But this flattering profpcftdid not continue long. By an accurate ob^ fervation, they were now in longitude 80 deg. 47 min. N. and in longitude 21 deg. 10 min. E.from London; and in fight of feven iflands to the north, to which they dircifled their courfe. Wednefday 28, they had freflieaflerly breezes, whichi from moderate weather the day before, changed trt piercing cold. At midnight the weft end oT Wey-i gate Straits bore S. by E. (0 that they were now in the very fpot where Barentz had fiippofed an opening would be found into the polar fea. Yet fo far from it, they could difcover nothing from the mad head, but a continued continent of folid ice, except the ifland* already mentioned. On this ice, however, there were many bears, fome of which came fo near the (hips as to be mot dead with fmall arms. Thefe bears are very good eating, and where no better is to be purchafcd, the whalers account them as good as beef. They arc many of them larger than the largefloxen, and weigh heavier. In many parts of their body they are mulkot proof, and unlefs they are hit on the open chcft, or on the flank, a blow with a mufliet ball will h:iidly make them turn their backs. Some of the bears killed in thefe encounters weighed from 7 to 800 weight t and it was thought, that the bear that routed the failors on Muffin'slfland, could not weigh lefsthan 1000 weight. He was, indeed, a vcr}' monllerl 'Thurfday 29, failing among innumerable iflands of ice, they found the main body too folid for the fliips to make the leafl impreflion upon it, and finding no opening, the Commodore refolved to fend a party un- der the command of the firfl lieutenant to examine the land, which at a diftance appeared like a plain, divetrt- fied with hills and mountains, and exhioited in their fituation a tolerable landfcape. On trying the water, it was lefs flilt than any Tea water they had ever tafled ; and they found likewifo, that the ice was no other than a body of congealed frefli water, which they imagined had been froKn in the iiw ioncy ofthecar|h» 4 N Tuflfd«r .1'. 'I M 3t6 CoMMODORK PH IP PS (now Lord MULORAVE'i) VOYAGE ] . Tuefda^ 30, the weather being clear, they ran clofe to the main body of the ice, and the fun continuing to ihine, made them almoft forgct'the climate they were fiiiUng in, but it was not long before they had reafon for fevcrc recollcdlion. In coafting along, they ob- ferved many openingi, and were in hopes, from their dillant appearance, that a paiTage might be made be- tween them : but upon trial it was found, as the Dutch fiflierman had foretold, that thcfe appearances were deceitful. At one in the morning fine clear fun-diine, they founded in 16 fathom water, and found fmall ftonei at bottom. They were then about four miles from the N. E. part of the northcmmod land ; the eaftemmoft land in fight, didant above five or fix leagues. Sitiirdaj^ 71, at midnight, the cadernmoft land in fight lay E. N. E. one half E. which they could not make out to be an iOand. They rather Judtjed it to be a continent, but found it inipoflible to determine with certainty, as it lay beyond their reach. At nine in the morning the Carcafc hoificd out her cutter, and filled her empty water-calks with water from the ice. On this ice lie great quantities of fnow, and as foon as a pit is dug, it fills with fine foft clear water, not in- ferior to that of many land fprings. At noon they founded in 95 fathoms, the ground foft mud. This day a bear came over the ice to vifit them, the firft they had feen fince ihcy left Muffin's Ifland. They faluted him with a volley of fmall arms, and he returned the compliment, 'cy turning his back uj»n th aniiufHifly agreed, that their deliverance was hopclefsi and thattheymuft either provide to winter upon tnead- jicent idands, or attempt to launch their boats into the open fca, which was already at a confiderable diftan<;ei for the loofe ice had poured into titc bay in whiiii they were at anchor with fo much rapidity, and in fuch aflonilhing quantities, that the open lea was already far out of light. Before anv thing farther was under- taken, the men were ordered to their quarters, that they might rcfrefli thcmfelvcs with fleeu. While their commanders prclcrVe their fortitude^ the failors never lofe their courage. They roifc in the morning with as much alacrity and unconcern, af If they had been failing with a fine breeze in the, BHtifla Channel. Auguft 2j it was now thought advifcable to nujca one defperate attempt to extricate the (liipa, by c^ttiag a channel to the wellward into the open fca.' *hic fco iping out the dock with fo much expedition, by a party only of one (hip, ralfed high expedUtions of what might be performed by the unitea l^boiita of both the crews. No body of men evo: undertook A work of fuch diflkulty with fo much cheaiiulnefi' $ni confidence of fuccefs, as the failors dbferved on thip occalion. Their ice-fa ws, axes, (ledges, poles« and tht whole group of fea-tools, were in an inftant all employ- ed in facilitating the work; but after cutting tl^rougl^ blocks of folid ice from 8 to 1 5 feet deep, and iromii^ to others of many fathoms, that exceeck-d the powers of man to feparate, that was laid afide as a hopclcl* nrojeei ; and another more promifing, though not Icf* i.>ix)rious, adopted in its room. On the 3rd of Auguft, after the men had ag>iD,i«- frcllied themfclves with fleep, it was refolved ttnH u^ the boats belonging to both the (hips with fuch cover- ings as were moft eafy to be accommodated, and of lighted conveyance ! and by Ikating them over the ice, endeavour to launch them in the open fea. Could this be ctTedled, they hoped, that by failing and rowing to the northcmmoft harbour of Spitdxi]gen, they might arrive at that ifiand, before the departure oftheuft fliips belonging to the fiflicry for Europe. ' While the boats were getting rcadv for this ex- pedition, a fccond party wfcre difpatched to the iti^ni, with ordera to take the diftance as exad as it was pqf- fible to the neareft open fea. As alt the people be- longing to the fbip were nor to be engaged in Ihefe ferviccs, thoffi who were unemployed diverted tnitin. felves in huntii^ and killing the bears, that'botf, at- traded perhaps by the favory fmell Ojf the pi^in^ni dreflcd on board the fliips, came every day oyer thf ^f to repeat their yifits. Several of thcfe wci« i^ftd c^Ol- fionally, and this day they fought a fea.hbiif(i^ ih ^i/ih engage/nent the fecond heutenartt of thcparcitfe^miUo lizcd his courage in. a moft drfpcratr r6ieb^m^,yi which, however, he (iicceeded, tl)ough hU lU^ 9SMp'i|i immitient daAMr. "•■.'" -Oil t4 Ed CA M I I n ^ .J VI. Oil if' f i-\>V> 1 < 1 **• :r' • ..',, i" c ( f ■ . :^t . K. fl m :'> I'l 3«8 CoMMonoRK PHIPPS (now Lord M U L O R A V Eg) VOYAGE '*,?; ThurfJay K, at fix in the morning all handi were ordered to turn nut, and a detachment of fifty men from each fliip, headed by their refpcdivc officers, were appointca to begin the hani talk of hauling the launcc* along the ice. The bravcll and gallantetl ac- tions performed in war, do not fo t^rikingly mark the true charaifier of a fea commander, as the readincfs and alacrity with which hiaordtrs are obeyed in timbs of imminent danger. Every one now ftrove who (hould have the honour to be lifted in the band of haulers, of whom the Commodore took the direction, leaving Capt. Lutwych to take care of both the (hips, that if any favourable turn (Iiould happen in the difpo- fltion of the ice, he might make ufc of the rcmainmg part of both the crews to improve it. Upon a general ronfultation of oflicers, previous to this undertaking, it had been agreed, and an order ilTucd accordingly, that DO perfon on board, of whatever rank, (houlJ encum- ber himfelf with more cloaths than what he wore up«n his back. Upon this occailon, therefore, the oHiccrs dreflcd themfelves in flannels, and the common men put on the cloaths which the officers had thrown off. It was inconceivably laughable to fee thcfe motley band* yoked in their new harnefs ; and, to fay the truth, there was not one folemn face among the two companies. That headed by the Commodore drew ftoutly for the honour of their leader, and that headed by their Lieu- tenants had their mufic to play to them, that they might dance it away, and keep pace with the Com- mander in chief. Indeed the officers who headed them were defcrvcdly U'loved as well as their commanders, particularly lieutenant Beard, whofcltcady and uniform conduA in times of the grcateft danger, cannot be fuf- ficiently admired or applauded. Neither fwayed by palllon, nor difconcerted by the fudden embarraffments that often intervened, his condu(fl was always calm, and his orders refolute. He never was heard, during the whole voyage en the mo(\ prefTing emergencies, to en- force his commands w ith an oath, or to call a failor by any other than his ufual name ; and fo fenfible were they of his manly behaviour, that, when the fliip was paid off at Deptford, they were only prevented by his mod earned rcqucft from ftripping themfelves to their Ihirts, to cover the flrcets with their cloaths, that he might not tread in the dirt in going to take coach. In fix hours, with the utmoll cnbrts of human la- bour, they had only proceeded a Angle miles and now it was time for them to dine, and recruit their almofl cxhaufled fpirits. As the Commodore had laboured with them, it was in charaifter that he (hould dine with themalfo; and an accident happened that made it ne- cclTaryforhim foto do. The cook, with his mates, (who uere bringing the Commodore and the officers their dinners under coven) to keep out the cold after coming from a warm fire-fide, had made a little too free with the brandy bottle before they fet out, and be> fore they had got half way to the launces, the liquor be- gan to operate; the cooks were fometimes very near boarding each other, fometimes they hauled off, and lonictimes (Peered right a-head. At length coming to a chafm, or parting of the ice, which they were obliged to leap, down came the maftercook, with difh, cover, meat and all ; and what was ftill worfe, though It wa* not then thought of much value, the Commodore's lommon fcrvice of plate, which the cook carried for the oflicers to dine on, fell in the chafm, and inftantly funk to the Iwttoin. lliis accident brought the cook a little to himfelf, and he now Hood paufing whether he (hould jump down the gulph after the pliUe, or pro. cecd to tlir Commodore to beg mbrcy and make his apology. His mates perfuadcd him to the latter, as the GsmuKKiflic was a kind-hearted gemman, and would never take a man's life away for a flip on the ice. Ikiides, it was a great jump for a ht man, and Com- niodore, tliey were fure, had rather k>re all the plate in the great cabin, than lofe cookie. Comforted a little by this fpecch, the cook proceeded, but let his mates goon firit with what remained, to carry the tidings of what bcfell'thc red. When the CotnnMxlore had heard thrflory, he judged how it was with thctn all. But where is the cook, faid he to the matai? He's crying l)chind, an pleafc your honour. In the mean time ths cook caive up. Cook^ faid the ComiiKxIorc, bring me your dinner. I will dine to.day with my comrades. My dinncrl Ay, a pound of thcHefh next my heart, if your honour likes it. The promptnefs of the ivply fliewed the linccrity of the cook's good-will, and plcaW the Conmiodore better than a fcad upon turtle. He difmilled him with a fniile, and |>artuoK with the ofh» cers in what was left, who made up their dinners with a mefs fmm the common men. They had ju(\ begun to renew their labour, when word was brought, that the whole body of ice had changed its fituation, and was moving to the weft, ward I that the (hip^wcrc both a-Hoat ; and that the ice was parting. 1'he joy w hicli this news difjfiifl'd thtONgb the two companies of haulers is caficr to conceive than cxprefs. They inOantly fhuuk off their harnefs, ran to atiifl in working the fhips, and once more to lefume their proper employments. When they arrived at the ftiips. Captain Lutwych, who was no le(s beloved by his men than the Commodore, had by his example and hit judicious dircdtions done wonders. Both fliips wert not only a-float, with their fails fct, but adlually cut and warped through the ice near half a mile. 'This ray of hope, however, was foon darkened ; the body of ice fuddcniy afTumcd its former direction to the caflward, and clofcd upon them again as fad as ever. While the (hips remained in the ice-dock, they were laflied tone, ther for their greater fecurity, but now being launched and a-float, the ice prelTcd upon them with fuch weight, that it was every moment expelled that the hawfer would break that held them tc^cther; orders were therefore given, that the hawfer (hould be (lack- ened, and the (hips releafcd. For the remainder of the evening, and till two iii the morning, the drift continued eadward, and all that while the (hips were in danger of being crufhed by the clo- fing of the channel in which they rode. They had rtow drifted two miles to the eadward; the men were worn out with fatigue in defending the fhip* with their ice- poles from being engulphoj; and how nothing but fcenes of horror and pcixiition appeared before their eyes. But the Omnipotent, in the very monnent. when every hope of deliverance from their own united en- deavour had relinquifhcd them, interpofed in their fii- vour, and caufcd the winds to blow, and the ice to part in an adoniihing manner, retding and cracking With a tremendous noife.furpafllng that of the louden thun- der. At this very inftant the whole continent of ice, which before was extended beyond the reach of fight from the highed mountains, moved together in vari- ous diretflions, fplining and dividing into vaft bodies, and forming hills and plains of various figures and di- menfions. All hearu were now again revived, and the profped ef being once more relcafed from the froxeii chains of the north infpired the men with fixlh vigour. Every officer and every idler on board laboured now fi>r life. The fails were all fpread. that the (hips might have the full advantage of the breeze to force thrim through the channels that were already opened, and to help them, like wedges, to rend the clefts that were but juft cracking. While the major part of the ciews were employed in warping the fhips with ice-aiKhors, axes, faws and Eles. a party from both (hips were difpatchcd to inch the boats. This was no eafy ttfli to accom- pli(h. The ice, though fblit in many thoufand pieces, was yet frozen like an ifland round the launces, and though it was of no great extent, yet the boatt were of a weight hardly to be moved by th« fmall force that could be fpared to launch them. They were befides, by the driving of the ice, at more than five miles did unce from the (hips ; and at this time no chinneb of communication were yet opened. But IVovidence wu manifeft even on this occalioat for the ifland on which the launces finod, parted while the men were hauliiw them.and by that luckycircumihmcethwwere launched with great facility, without the lofs of a man, though the ice cfKkcd. as it were under their (eet, Th« For making DISCOVERIES toward* the NORTH POLE, &c. 129 '1 crying time tha bring me omradei. heart, if the reply id pleated rtle. He the offio men with TI1C The people on lx»ard had not been able to f<»rcc tlieir way with tnc fliips much more than a mile, when the porty in the Uuncei joined them. And now, excited by what curiolity or inltind ia not eafy to detertninc, fcve- ral bears came porting over the ire to be fpettjtori of their departure, and advanced fo near the fliip«, that they might have been eatily maOcred. had not the men been more feriouflv employed. Thii day they altered their foundings from thirty to fifty fathoms, and from fifty tc «ighty and eighty, five fathomi. „ c T^ 1 »7 The breeze continuing frefli from E. S, E. and E. the ice feemed to open at fad at it had before clofed when the wind blew wefterly, and from the norths a ftrong prefumptive proof of land to the eailward, which (topping the current of the loofe ice in driving from the north and weft, clofei it in courfe, and ren- ders it compaft. On the contrary, whin the wind blows off the land, and the current lets to the fea, the loofe ice being no longer oppofed) difperfes itfelf afpin in the ocean, where it again floau, till. the fame caufe produces the fame effeiU. If therefore the land which our voyagers law on the 30th, and which they could not determine with certamty to bean iliand, fliould, upon fome future occafion, bedifcovered to be ;i con* tincnt, then the clofing of the loofe ice fo fuddcniy about the fevcn iflands. and its crouding one piece upon another to a great height, when violently agitated by tcmpefts from the north or weft, will be fully and naturally accounted for. Tuefdaythc 10th, about two in the morning, the fog being thick, and the weather calm, and the men very much fatigued, they were ordered to their Quar- ters, to refrefh themfelvcs with fleep. It was, bcAdes, very cold, and much rain fell; and as the wind was va- riable, they could make but little progrefs. The ice, in the morning early, feemed rather to olofe upon them, than to divide; and being apprehenfive for their boats^ they attempted to hoift the launces on board, but that belonging to the Carcafe, being either too i^nweildy, or the mcAtoo much fatigued^to effcd it, they flung hertothelhip'sfide. ,, About eight the breeze fprui^ up ttfOx fiKVP the. N. E. exceedingly cold, but opening the ice to tl^ weft- ward. They then made all the fail they could, idnyuig with the loofcning ice, and parting it wherever it was moveable with their whole force. Towards noon they .loft fight of the Seven Iflands. And in a very little while after, to their great joy, Sphibergen was fecn frain the maft-head. Wednefday 11, the men who, with hard labour, cold and watching, were much difptrited,onthe profpe(fl of a fpeedy deliverance, and feeing the ice no longer ad- here in immoveable bodies, began, after a little refrefli- ment, to refume their wonted chearfulneb. They had not till the fecond clofing of the ice, after the attempt to dig a paflage through it had proved ineffedual, and that the hauling the launces had been tried with little better fuccefs, difcovered the leaft deljiondency. But when they had exerted their utmoft efforts, and Provi- dence, which at firft feemed to fecond their endeavours, appeared to have forfakenthem; when their pilots had filled their minds with the terrors of their fituatign; «nd their officers had giyen the fliips and their moft va- luable effeifls over for loft, the men then began to re- fled on the hardftiips they were likely to fuper, and to be imprcflcd with the fenfe of their common danger. Their apprchenfions, however, were but temporary, sind the moment they were rele^ed from their i^cy pri- Ibn, and that they were within fight of a clear fea, their forrow was changed to mirth, and their melancholy to rejoicing. Fcftivity and jollity took place of abfti- nence and gloomy appKhenfions; and before they ar- ' rived at SKitflxrgen, there was not a failor on board with a fcriout (ace. , ^ The ice thtt had parted. from the main, body, theyj had now time to admire. As it no longer obfttu^edj 'their courfe, the various (hapes in which the oipkcn | fragments appeared, were indeed very curious and! No. 40. • a nuifing. One remarkable piece deft rihcd a imigiiifi- cnit arch fo large and compfcutly (brmed, that a floop of conlidcrable burden might have failed through it without lowering her inaft; another reprcfcnted a church with windaws and pillars, and domes; and a third, a table with icicles hanging round it like the fringes of a damaflc cloth. A fertile imagination might here find entcrtainini-nt enough 1 lor, as has al- ready been obferved, the fiinilitiuic of all that art or nature has ever yet produced, might here be fancied. They continued working all this day through the loofe ice. Hacluit's Headland bearing fouth 39 weft, and In their courfe faw a Dutch Greenlandman in the S. W. quarter. Thurfday the 1 ath, they cleared the ice, and bore away with all fails fct (or the harbour of Smearing- burg, in which they had before caft anchor. At two in the afternoon thev anchored in North Bay, the north part of Vogle Sound bearing north 45 eaft. diftance about four miles. At half after four the Conimoilorc made the (ignal to weigh; and at half paft nine, came to an anchor in their lormer ftarion, where they found four Dutch Grecniandmen lyi.ie m rcadinefs to depart. Thcfe Dutchmen acquainted the <. < immodore, that all the Englilh filhing fhips fct fail on the loth of July, the day to which they are obliged by contrad, to ftay to entitle their owners to receive the bounty-money, al- lowed by Pailiament for the encouragement of that fifliery. About the fame time the grcatcft part of the Dutch fct fail likev.ifc ftiom Spitlbergen, oa their voyage hoijie ; but it is a pradlce with thcfe laft, to take it by^ turns to wait till the feverity of the weather oblige* them to leave the coaft, in order to pick up fuch men as may by accident have loft their ftiips in the ice; and w|)o^ notwithftanding, may have had the good fortune to,faye their lives by ipcaiis of their boats. This is a very humane inftitution, and does credit to the Dutch Government. Did the 'Britilh Government bear an equal regard for individuals, fo many valuable fubjedls would never be fulTered to migrate, as now annually hire fliips to convey thcmfelves to fc^k their fortunes in pe^ fettlements. It is eftimated, that twelve thoii- ffind at leaft are yearly fljint oft" fropi Ireland, and not many lefs from England and Scotland, yet no mea- li'ires are thought ncccffat^ to be taken to retain them at home. The turn of waiting at Spitftjcrgen falls annually to rt« lot.pf about five Dutch ftiips, who are obliged to (end out their boats daily infearchof their unfortunate fellow fubjeds; Came of thcib boats have'thcmfclves fuftcred leverely, and have been detained feven or eight da^-s by fcvere weather in thcfe cxcurfions, to the great anxiety of their friends. The day of our voyagefs return to Smcaringburg Harbour being fine, the Commodore ordered a tent to be raifed oh the lower point to the S. W. where there was a level plain (br the fpsicc of two miles, and where all the mathematiical apparatus were again taken on Ihorefor a fecond trial. They found, on the examination of the vibration of the pendulum, that it differed from that at Greenwich by Hiirrifon's time keeper, only two feconds in foity- ^g^t hours; which time- keeper, at their arrival at Greenwich, vari«l only one fecond and a half from the time-pitfces at the obfervarory there. Mr. Robinfon, who was articled to Commodore Phipps, from Chrift's Hofpital. and who does honour to that noble fou ndation, was particularly careful to notethe refult of all the obi f(;r«itions that were made in this high latitude. ; The ovens were alfb here taken on ftiore, and acon- fidcraUe quantity of good foft bread baked for the re- fre(hment of the iheh, ' Hacluit's Headland, of which mention ha* beet» frequently made In the courfe of this , voyage, i* an ifland onth* N. W. point of Spitftjwgen, about i< miles in circumference, oh .which is found plenty of fcurvy-grafs; and in the Villeys, feme of wliich ex- tend from two to three miles, there is ftore of other + g„ft Ih '• ■»• ' I 'I 'r 330 Commodore PHIPPS (now Lord MULORAVE*) VOYAGE i I crafs in fumnicr, on which the deer it ruppoTcd to The people were now full^ employed in overhauling (he rig(;ins, tarring the (hipi ndet, taking in water, peying and fecuring the nwfti, ami in preparing the (liipi for purFuing their voyage upon dirc*very i or, if that was found impradlicabie, for returning home. On the 1 6th, two of the Dutch (hipi weighed anchor, and failed awav in company. On the 1 7tn, vaO pieces of broken ice, fuppofed to have fallen from the Icebergs, came floating into har- bour. When thefe pieces, which are undermined by the continual agiution of the Tea in ftormy weather, lofc their fupport, they tumble with a crack that fur. pflcs the louden thunderi but the^ were told, that no other thunder was ever heard in this latitude. The adivity and entcrprizing fbirit of the Ruffians already noticed, begin to mam feu itfcif every where, and it is not improbable, but that the maritime powers may one day or ether have caufe to repent their emula- tion in contributing to aggrandize the naval power of that increafiiw people. The dominions of the RufTian tmpire, are fituated to command the trade of the uni- verfe ; they arc now adhially crcding a yard for build- ing (hips at Kampfchatka, to improve their difcoveries from that quarter, and to open a trade from thence to China. They have attempted to fettle colonies, as our voyagers were told, on tne fouthernmoft diftridfls of SpitiDergen,andthofcof the ncwfcttlers, who furvived the fird wiiuer, were preparing to encounter the rigour of the climate in a fccona. This can only be done by way of experiment, to trjr if a fcttlcment is pnu^licable, for thofe new fent are faid to be criminals. During the fix days which the (hips anchored herC to make obfervations, take in water, refrefh the men, and refit, our journalift made feVeral excurfions to th< adjoining idands, where the birds appeared in aftonilh- ing numbers i it being the feafbn for bringing forth their young, and teaching them to Ry, and to dive. Of all the birds that breed in thelc iflands, the bur- germafter is the latgelt, and the mod ravenous > he is )o called bv the Dutch, from his flze and hi)s authority, as he holds all the other birds in fubjehed before he Is ,\ware. Many have been cntoinDed in thcfc clefts, aiul perilhed in the hcariiu of their companions, without a poflibility of rciietT To a contemplative mind, however, even the deformitiea of nature, are .nut un- plcaflng, the wifilom of the Creator being nunifeft in all his works. On the 19th of Augud the (hips unn)oored, and on J the 30th thev cleared the harbour. They found the ; tide to flow N. E. and S. W. and to rife three .fcct; fevtn inches perpendicular hei|{ht. On the 33nd, they again fouit4 tjieiAfeiyes befet withj 'loofe ice. They were then in latitude SO Heg. 14 ptin.! N. longitude <^eg. 44. mio-.E. j Qn the lanio, they bad it heavy foi frbm the S. WJ ■quarter. , ., On the 33rd, thc'CareaTct being a hcaVtdr (kiler than the Race I lorfc, lo(» fight of the Commodore, ami fired a (Ix pounder, which «u anl\»cred. In the evening they came in light, and purfucd their courfe with fa- vourable weather, and without any thing worthy of notice happening till September 5, when, being clear and calm weather, the Comnwdore founded, and found ground with 700 fathoms, very foft mud. The people were employed eight hours in heavin^f up the lead with the capflan. At three in the morning the fun rifen, took the am- plitude, and found the variation to be 33 dcg. 53 min. W. September 7, at five in *c afternoon, they had heavy fqualls, with raim at feven in the morning moderate weather. This day, in 60 deg. i c min. W. they found their longitude, corrcAcd by obfervation of (un ami moon, to be 5 deg. 5^ min. K. Longitude by time- keeper 4 deg. 45 nun. E. a very remarkable dif- ference. The (hips purflied their courfe home in company together, with high fcai and variable weather, till Sep- tember II, wheh. at half after ten, the night dark, and the weather nMMet'ate, the wind all at once veered to the fouthward, and a flrohR gale with a great fea came on. The (hips parted, arid hever man came in fight till they met olT Harwich, on the EngliHi coalV. Our joumalilt being on board the Carcafe, can now only relate what happened to that (loop, till her arrival in the River ThsAnet. When the gale came on, the Commodore's iighti not appearing, the Carcafe ffred a fix-poondcr, bat that (hot not being reti^tned by the Race Horfe, it was con- eluded, that the Commodore wat at too great a dif- tance to hear the flgnal. At four in the morning the gale increafing, they clofe reefed the top fails, and ennloyed all hands in lafliingand fecuring the boat* and booms, and preparing to withltand the threatening ftorm. At this time they were in latitude 57 deg. 44 min. N. the Nate of NorWay bbariiig S. 88 E. dmarti 31 leagues. Sunday, September id, fre(h galea, with frequent flpwcrs of n\p : handed gib and (tay-fall 1 at two ill the a(^^rndbrt haidftjUfllis and violent >(howcrs of mini handed fore and mizen top-fail 1 faw a 6A[ to fouth- ward ftanding to eaflwardi cloudy and obfcure (kyi at ten at night came on fuddenly a very heavy fquallj handed all the top-failst ftrong gale, with fevere flwwers of rain. At midnight blowmg a violent fldrm of wind, reefed and hahdMl the main-fail and foreu fail J lowered down the lower yards, balanced the mizen, and laid the (Itip to under it. with her bead to the wcflwatti ; the fea making a free pafTage over the (hip. Shipped (uch heavy fcas, wafhed all the piovi- fions and ca(ks that were laihed on the deck, over- board; kept two pumps continually ^ing; obliged to (kuttle the h6i.U, (o prevent their being wa(hcJ over- board. At four in tne rooming (hipped fuch heavy leas, as wa(hed all the booms and fpars that had been with all poflible care feeured on the deck, over-board . The (hip moflly under water. No light of the Com- modore; under great apprehenflons for his fafcty, as his velTel laboured much more than ours. At this time one of the mates, the carpenter, and a fore-ma(l. man, were wa(hed over-board. The carpenter, a very carefiil fober rtum, who was in the wafle, fecuring the hikfches and florei, was walhed in and out at the port three times, before he could fecurc himfclf. - At ten in the morning rather moderate. Set the mizen-flay-fail; fwayed the lower jrards up, and fet the courfes. At halt paft eleven, (trong fqualls and heavy gufts ; haadol both courfes; and fettled the lower yards. September 13, ftrong gales and fqually. Continu- ally (hipping heavy feas. At three in the afternoon rather more modetate; fet tvcf courfes ; fwayed up the lower yarijs, and fet the main-top-fail. The ihip now makiiw lio Water; at feven in the evening fei fore-top fail aijid gib; Very heavy fea from S. W. quarter. At eight in the evening moderate and cloudy ; let the third rwf'OUt'ef the maio-top-fail ; (bunded 35 fitthonis fine For making DISCO VER IE S towartli the NORTH I'OLE, &c. 33I fine brown ftnd. At one in the morninn light «ir». h«tey neither, and Rre«tfe». Wore (hip. and ftood to weftward. At four frefti brec-tci, with rain. At half part ciRht faw a fail to eaftward 1 fupnoftng it the Commodore, made the private liKnal, and firetl a fu- Eounder. At nine bore down upon her. and brought er to. She proved a Hollander from ArchanRfl. bound to Bremen. Courfe S. 41 W. latitude 56 deg. 4 min. N. September 14, ftrong jm!e«, and cloudy ; under reef courlci. At two in the alterniwn moderate i fct main- top-fail. At three fet forc-top-fail t a great fca from wellward. At feven in the evening moderate and cloudy. Out the third reef of the main-top fail 1 un- certain weatheri fqually, and at times mucn raini at three great fog. 1 hii day at noon, Flamborough-head S. 4^ W. diftaiKe 30 leaguei. September 1 5. light brcczci. and clear weather 1 oiit all rcefi.and fwayed up the lower yardi. At four in the afternoon faw a fail to the S. E. bore down and brought her to. She proved to be a PrulTian fiflierman. fiadbeen 10 days from Edinburgh) hoiftcd out the hnall cutter 1 the fccond lieutenant went on board of her, and bought a fine cargo of filh. At five the boat returned; we hoifted her on board, with plenty of mackarel and herrings. Made fail, and ftooti to S, W. (bunded every half luiurs found from 13 to 1.5 and 1 8 fiithomi. fine brown fand, mixed with black Ibells. At (even in fhe evening took the firft reef, and hauled in the top-fails: frcfh ^lea and cloudy. At two in the morning deepened in wattr to jo fathom. Took in fccond reef of the top-fails I tacked fliip, and ftood to N. W. At five in the morning got into 1 5 fathom j and at fcven into i o. At nine in the morning clofc reefed the top fails, and at 10 handed them s very frelh gale, and violent rain. September 16, rather more moderate; fet the main- top-fail; fqually, with rain; a confufcd fca from W. , N. W. At five in the afternoon foundings from $ to n, from 2^ to ji and 34 fathoms, fine brown fand, black fpeckt, frefh galea and cloudy. At eight took in Brft and fecond reefs of top-fails ; at eleven at night clofe reefed the nuin and fore-top-fail, and handed the mizen; frelh gales, and cloudy weather. At four in the morning moaled water to 22 fiithoms ; brown fand and broken (hells. At five law fevcral fail to N. W. fired, and brought one of them to. At ci<4ht fliook the firft and fecond reefs out of the top-fail ; hove down upon a floop, which came from Gravcfend ; took on board the mailer, as a pilot to carry the (hip through Yarmouth Roads; put on board one ma 1 in his room, and ordered his vclTel to follow us. Stood to the fouthward. September 1 7, frefh breezes, and cloudy weather ; kept the lead going every half hour; found our found- ing from 10 to 12 fathoms, fine brown fand. At fix in the afternoon frelh gales ; clofc reefed the main-top- fail ; foundings from iotoi6 fathom; broken (hells and latgc nones. At feven clofe reefed the nuin-top-fail; kept a light in the poop-lanthorn for the floop. At ten ftrong gales; hanclcd the top-fails ; laid her to under the main-fail ; handed the fore-fail. At eleven at night got into five fathom ; but deepened to eight, nine and ten fathom brown fand. Loft fight of the filhin^ veffel ; fired fevcral ^ns, and made a fignal in the mizen-ftiroud. On fetting the fore-tep-fail ftacil, it blew to pieces ; bent a new one. A violent gale of wind; fhipped a great quantity of water. At four >rather inoaeratc; let the forc-uil. At midnight fet clofe; reefed top-faiis. At halfpaft fix tacked; at feven faw the fifhiiw ve(rcl ; bore down and fpoke with her, who had fplit her main-fail in the night. At ten £iw the land bearing S. W. by W. and S. and by W. At eleven being clear and moderate weather, fliook all .the reefs out of the top-fails, and fet the top-gallant- fails ; faw Cromer light-houfe bearing S. 55 (Kg. W. diftancc five leagues. September 19, frefli breezes and cle«r .weatheri bent the tticct-cable, and hauled a range oY the belt and fmall bowcr-cahirs ; bent boih buoy rope* and buoys (o the anchor. At five light breezes and fniri tacked and ftood 10 the louthward. At fix tacked and IhNid to the north-weft. Cramer N. W. and by N. (our miles; light breezes, and plcafant weather 1 handed in top-gallant-fails, and handed the main-fail. At feven in the evening, to our great joy, faw Yarmouth Church, bearing S. W. At ten at night came to anchor with the b-ft bower in twelve fathom, tine fand and rlav 1 veered out to half a cable, and handed all the (ails. Winterftone Nefs lights bore S. and by W. four mil»*. At two in the morning (nth breezes and cloudy. At half paft four wcighco, and made fail. Employed in working from Winterftone Nefs lights, ro Yarmouth Roads, making fevcral tacks. At irvcn in the morn- ing fct top-galTant-fails ; at nine came to an anrhor in Yarmouth Road, with bell bower in fcven tiithoms wa- ter; (and and clay. Yarmouth church foiith lifccc-ii weft, diftance two miles. Came on board a pilot to carry the ftiip to the Nore. September 10, frelh breezes and clear weather; fent down top-gallant-yards, and got every thing clear tor ftriking tokens. At five in tne afternoon moored the ftiip. Yarmouth church W. S. W. two iniles. September 21, frelh gales and clo«idy, with fitrqucnt rain. At four in the afternoon fcnt dow-n top-gnllant- maft. At eight in the morning fcnt the lung -boat on (hore for water. We were this day vifited by fcveral of the inhabitants of Norwich and Yarmouth, who were genteelly entertained by the officers, but we coulJ get no intelligence of the Commodore. September 23, dark cloudy weather. At fix in the evening fwayed up the top-maft, and lower y.irds; the wind veered to N. W. we prqiared to unmoor. Frefh gales, with frequent fbfties of^ lightning. At feven in the morning fet on top-gallant-maft, and began tu un- moor. At eight veeied away upon the beft Iwwcr, and took up the fnuU bower-anchor. At nine wi'i|;hed and made fail. At ten got up the top-gallaiit-yards. in company with fevcral mips. Saturday 2 j, at five came to an anchor in eleven fa- thoms. Orford light-houfe E. by S. four miles. This day fomc religious books were diflributed among th(i fiiilors, which had been fcnt on board by fome pioua perfon for their particular perufal. Sunday 26. At fix in the evening came to with the beft bower in feven fathoms water; Balfey church W. by S. At two in the morning weighed, and came to fail; Harwich lights N, W.by W. To their great furprife, faw the Race Horfe at anchor. Hoiftcrl out the cutter, and Captain Uitwych waited on the Com- modore, from whom he learnt, that in the ftorm of the twelfth they had all their boats waflied over-board 1 and, to eafe the fhip were obliged to heave all their guns over-board, except two. Came to anchor; Harwich church N. W. Monday 37, at two in dte afternoon weighed, and came to (ail in company with the Race Horfe. At eight in the evening camr. to in thcSwin. At five in the morning weighed, m connpany as before. Turning up ' the Swin at lulf paft nip.-, came to; Whiuker Beacon N. N. E. one mile. Tuefdav 28, frcih breezes and cloudy weather. Ac half paft three weighed, and came to fail. At half pail fix came to with the beft bower in fix fiithom water 1 Shoe Beacon N. W. At half paft five weighed, and came to fail. Working to windward at eleven in the forenoon, the Commooore'a boat came on board, with cffdera to pioceed to Deptford. At noon came to ac the Nore with the beft bower. Wednefday 2j|, light breezea and fair weather. At half paft five weighed, and made fail. Employed in workmg up the river. At half paft ten came to with the beft bower in the gallioiu, in three fathoms water. Woolwich church N. oy S. one half £. At noon a hoy came along-fide for the gunner's ftores. Thurfday 30, employed moft of the afternoon in (Ktting outthc|pins, and gunner's ftores. At nine in the evening wcrghcd, and came to fiiil. At ten run i' J3* CuMMODoKK FHIPFS (now Lomd MUl.OKAVEi) V O Y A (J K I Nl p m n vM' m ' ,i i >-^ til If HNil of a large cranfiMtrt, and carried away the lar-boirvi niiccn>lbn>uils, and |mi( of the channel. At one in the iiutrninK came to anchor ut Dcptlord. Warjoed along- lidc the Ik-dlord Hulk, and inoored. Ac lix unbent the fail*, and bc|;ait to unria. 'Iliu* ended a voyage, which fcmii to hav * deter- mined the qucl>ion To much aKitateii conccrniiit the navigation to the north pole, and proved what Captain Wood had before atTerted, that no palFagc would ever be tmind pradicable in that direction. From the quantities of ice which that navigator iiict with in latitude 76 degrees north, he concluded indeed erroneoully, that the loth degree, would bound the palVage towards the pole*, and that from thence the|iular region wai either a continued conti- nent of foiid ice, or that land filled up the interme- diate- fpace. It h.ij been found, however, that thofe Teas arc na- vi^.-il)lc ai far a« 81 and 81 drg. of latitude; and it may piiiribly ha|>pen, that in Tome future yean, they may be ttxind navigable a degree or two farther: but it may now with certainty be concluded, that a courfe uiioer the pole can never be purfucd lor the pur|)ofc of commerce. We hrtve already Ihewn inconteftibly, that the north Tea communicates with the eaOern lea, and that the ptnitge to China and Japan may be |)erformcd with difliciiltv l»y aN. K courfe, by watching the opportu- nity, w hen a few days in the year the north Tea m open. But w ho would think of cx|x>ling a (liip's con)|>aiiy to the hazard of being frozen to death in a tedious, un- certain, and danptrous iMffagc. when a fafe, certaia, and, one may lay, fpeedy paflage at all times lies open before them. I'roiu Behring'i difcoveries to the eaft of Japan, and from the continent he there met with, there feems rca- fon to believe, that the land feen by Commodore Phipps to the eallwaidof the Seven Ifiands, might be a conti- nuation of that continent. In that cafe it is not im- probable, but that either that continent may join to the wclU-rn part of America, or that it may extend fouthu ard; and form a part of that continent fo much fuuijht after in the fouthern hemifphere. A fmal! premium of two or three thoufand pounds fecured by Parliament, to be paid to the owner or ow- ners of any Greenland lilliing fliip, that (hould be for- tunate enough todi'iovcr fucn a continent to the caft- w.ird or northward of the Seven Iflands, might pof- libly have a better etfoiil, than many ex penfivc expedi- tions lictcd out fulcly for the purpofes of fuch difco- .very. This, by a trading nation, were it only to im- prove the fcicncc of geography, would furely be well bcfto« cd. Ic it true, indeed, that the reward fccnred by parlia- ment for thcdifcovcry of a north-weft pafTagc, has not yet been attcndetl with that fucccfs, with which the promoters of the bill had flattered themfelves and the public, from the liberal fpirit with which it was •granted. '1 ho Hudfon's Bay Company, though bound by their charter to further and promote the diTcovery, were ge- nerally fufpci ted from intereftcd motives, to oppofc and difcourapc every attempt to accomplifli it. And ;.Captain Miclcileton, who in 174O was fent in a king> lliip u[x>n that fcrvice, returning without fuccefs, was publicly charged with having received a bribe of five thoufaiid poundstodefeat the undertaking, and by his report to difcourage any farther anempts in purfuit of _it. This charge was ftrongly fupported, and generally 'crcditcil And Mr. Dobbs. by wnofc intercft Captain - Middlcton u as employed, had the addrefs to prevail with the tlien niinidry, to preclude «ny future icheme of private corruption, by promoting the public reward already mentioned. The preamble to the' aifl will ftatc this matter in the true light it fets forth, " That whereas the difcovcry of a north- weft pafTagc through Hudfon's Streight to the wcftcri) ocean would be of great beiKfit and advantage to this kiiigdoni, and that it wotdJ be-«f frcM idvan' tage to the ailventurers to attt'in|ir ihrfaiiu-, il a pub. lie reward was given to fuch iierlttni as (l)ould make a [KtfcH difiovvry of the faid (MlFagei it in lltrretbre ena(!led, that if any Ihipsor vifUlt l)rl(ingin){ to lus majeHy* fubjei'ti ihall lind out and liiil ihrnugh any paltiige by (ca hi' ecn Hudfon's Iwy and the wiHcrn ocean of America, the owners of fuch llu|)» or vcUrN Hull be entitled to receive as a reward fur fuch ill fcoviry the funt of Twenty-thouland Pounds." Ami a-i x far- ther encoumgcment to pnifccutc this difc<>\ir\, and to prevent obdruClion.i from intciclUd lurloni^ it was cn.n.'kd. " that all perfoni, fubjivl* of In, MaicHy, le- fiding in any plate where the faid adventurer* iiiay come in the profecutionof this difcovcry, lliallgivi the faid advcntiircr» all allillance, and fliall no way ol>- (IruOf, molcH.or rclufe the faid advcMtiiiirs leafonablu fuccour in any ilinrcfi they may fall into in the proft- cutionof this ilifcover) " Such wai the ciuouia^rnunt, and fuch the liberal reward that was and u li-curid by parliament to tin- fortunate difcovcrers of a north-weft iialliij^c to the fjreat pacific ocean 1 a palFage which, it is^jciKrally bi-^ leved, would o;kh a trade with nstion* on the nor- thern continent of America, wholly unknown to the iiiaritime powers of I'uiope, and fuppoful, liom their fituation, to abound in cDiiimoditics eijii.illy rare and precious witb. thofe of any other country uiuler the fun. The fair profjKCt of alluring tame by enlarging commerce, the hope of obtaining the parliamciitaiy reward, and thedelire of expoliiig the difin^enuity of Captain Middlcton, were incitements fullicient to pre- vail with Mr. I3obbs to folicit the riiiiipment of two ftiips for another voyage, whii h he m.ide not the Ifaft daubt would find out the pn|laj>e lb long fought for in vain, and by the advama^;es aumding the diiVovery, exceed the moft fanguinc expci^btions of the adven- turers. The command of this expedition was given to Cap- Hlis, who, on the 1 1 ft of May, 1 746, palled Yarmouth in the Dobb's Galley, accompanied by the Californi.-s Sloop, and convoyed to the north fea bv the I.00 man of war. But in pmportion as Mr. Dobbs had tfattetvil the avarice of the adventurers who were to fliare in the reward, and had elated himfelf with the thoii{;hts of triumphing over the difgrace of Captain Middlcton, fo it happened, that when the fliips returned without having elfeded any one thin^; of confajucnce, the cha- grin of the former for having advanced their money on a virionar)^ projed, ami the mortification of the lat- ter in not being able to fupport his charge, Acre in- creafed by every circumllance that could a^^gravate the difappoiiitment. Captain Middlcton now triumphed in his turn, and no fliip from I-'.ngland has fince been induced to undertake the voyage, notwithllanding the greatnefs of the reward. It is ftill, however, believed, that government have in contemplation another voyage to the north, to which that of Captain Fhipps w.isonly the prelude; but there is reafon to conclude, from what has alre.idy been (aid of thefe latter attempts, and from the ill fuccefs of for- mer undertakings, triat the difcovery of a north-weft pafTage is not the fole objetil in view. The figure of the earth, the phenomena of the winds, the variation of the compafs, and the atiraclion of the m.-tgnet, are point) yet unfettled, of infinite importance to naviga- tion ; and it is not impoffible, but that a more careful examination of the polar regions may lead to the folu- tion of problems, that have hitherto baffled the enquirici of the ableft navigators. A very Hender acquaintance with the difficulties and hardfhips attending nonhern difcoveries, will fully ac- count for our knowledge of the countries fUrrounding the pole being ftill very imperfcift. A brief recapitu- lation of the fufferings of thofe to whom we arc moft indebted for our information, will not, we hope, be thought an improper conclufion to a voyage folely ua* dertaken with a view tp enlarge it. The firft who conceived the idct of explrving the jiorthem regioni was Sebaftj^n Cabbot. 'That enter- prizing For making DISCOVERIES (owardi the NORTH POLK, tu. 3J3 pritinK lU^igMOf, lonR before M«»IUn thought of ■ iMiragc tothc p»tific ocewi by the touth-wcrt, h»d iiuUe two voyages, with »view to Jiroit hii courfc to|he fame fea by the north-weft. In thefe voyagci. he dif- covercil Newfoundland, the cotft of the Efquimeaux Indian*, and had penetrated at far u the 64th degire of latitude, when a mutiny ainona hit men. or rather anobftinatcrtfufal to proceed any further, otjligcd hm» to return I yet he died in the oerfuailnn that a iMflagc in that dircdtinn certainly esiftcd. and that he Ihould have found it but for the oppofition of hit crew. The next, who prepoflcfled with the fame notion, undertook a voyage for difcoveriei toward* the north. wa* Sir Martin I'orbilhcr. He difcovercd (irecniand. and in the latitude of 61 deg. north, palTcd aftrait, which, thoiffih it ftill hold* a place in our map*, ha* never been found navigable flnce. \ Ic made two other voyage*, difcovercd many bajr* and cape*, to which he gave name*, but returned without attaining the prin- . cipal objedl of hi* voyage, though like hi* predcceflbr. he aflertcd the ccrttiniy of in ekiRcnce to hi* latcft hour. To him fuccccdcd Sir Humphry Gilbert, whom ij«3 traverfed the coaft of Labradorc. entered the mouth of the great river Sc. Laurence, and, furround- Ing the idand of Newfoundland, laid the foundation of the cod (ifliery, which ha* been profecutcd with iiiu roenfc advantage to hi* country ever fince. The rapid progrcfs of difcoveriei in the fouthcrn hemifphere, which about thiitimc were attended with vaft profit to the adventurers, re-animated cotemporary navigfiton to profecute, with more ardour than ever, their enterprizci toward* the north. The more the pa- cific ocean became known, the firmer the belief pre- vailed, that a paflage into it by way of the north mud certainly cxift, and that whoever could difcover it, would not only immortalize hit lumc, but enrich his country. The merchants of that time were no lefs eager to embark their moacy, than the navigator* were to ha- zard their perfon* ijjany new projca, where the hope of gain appcarr*^ Tu be well founded. A company therefore of wealthy perfoni in London agreed to join a company of merchanu in the weft, and to fit out two ftiipa for the difcovery of a paflage. which all agreed was praAicablc. though none could tell readily where to find it. To the command of this expedition Capuin John Davis wu ftrsngly recommended as an able navigator, and of a bold and entcrprifing fpirit. Accordingly, on the 7th of June. i6Sj, he fct fail from Dartmouth, in the Sun-fhmc of fifty ton*, and ac- companied by thcMopn-ihincofthirty-fivc tons.having on board both veflcis fony-two hardy feamen. On the 19th of July they were alanned by a mighty roaring, which was the more terrible, as the fog wa* fo thick, that they could not fee each other at a fliip's lenj^th. It proved only the crackline of the iflandt of ice, which was not then very well underftood. On the breaking up of the fog they difcovercd land, which, from its horrid appearance, they named the Ljmd of Defolation. Oa the 34th they were in 64 d^. 1 j min. north, the fea open and the weather moderate. In this latitude they difcovercd land, and converfed with the natives, who appeared to be a harmlefs hdpitable people, polite in their manners, neatly habited, and not ill-favoured. Thefe friendly people, obfcrving that the Englifti admired their fors, went up in the country to wing down more, with which th^ traded «rith much fimplicity. To an adjoiqins hill Davis gave the name of Mount Raleigh. »om which be took nis departure on the 8th of Auguft. and on the nth doubled the foutbemmoft cape in view, to which he gave the name of the Cape of God's Mercy, and en- tered a ftrait, which bears the name of the dilcoverer ro this day. In this ftrait he failed fixty leagues, and on the 1 4th went on fluMv, and found evident fifflu of human inhabitanu, being met by a pack of do^ (twenty in number) that cxprefled their jov, aa if their nuftcrs had beeii returned after an Interval of abfence. One of thofe had on a leathern collar. The Captain No. 40. wa* highly pteafcd with the pmmiring appearand- of the new ftraits, and confuting with the iitalter, agreed to report, upon their return home, that ihey hud lui'nd the wi(hcd-for palTage to the wcftcm fea. The weather changing from temperate to cxcefTivt cold, on the loth it wa* refolved to fct fail lur F.ng- land. On the 1 ith of .September they fell in with the land of Defolation, and on the 30th of the fainetnonth entered the port of Dartmouth without the lofs of a man. The account Captain Davis gave to his owners was fo well received, that other merchants weredeftrou* of joining in a fecond expedition, and accordingly he was again employed, and fumiftied with a much greater force. On the 7th of May he failed from Dartmouth in the Mermaid, of rie tons, in company with the Sun- (hine and Moon-ftiine a* before, and an idditioiul pin- nace of thirteen tons, called the North Star. In the latitude of 60 degree* north Captain Davis divided hi* force, ordering the Sun-fliine and North Star to feck a palfage between Greenland and Iceland, while the Mermaid and Moon-ftiinc continued their courfc to the ftrait a* before. In the latitude of 64 de- ercci, and longitude 58 deg. 30 min. north from Lon- don, they fell again in with the land, and met the fame people with whom they had traded the former year. Ovcrjoyetl to meet, they reiKWcd their acquaintance, and while the bjigliOi wu prcf»ring a pinnace to faci- litate their difcoveries, the natives came in numben to carry on trade. As foon as the pinnace was fitted for fea, Captain Davis difuatched her to examine the in- lets on the coaft, and to trace their courfe up the main land ( but that wan prududive of no eflcntial dif- covery. Though the natives attended them with anobfe- quious diligence, yet on their kindling a fire in their manner, aikd uiiiw fome ftrange ceremonies. Captain Davis fuppofing them to be uiuig idolatrous forceries, firft thruft the prieft into the fmokc, and then encou* I raged his men to tread out the Hame, and to fpurn the recking coals into the fea. Unable to bear the infult, the natives for the firft time besan to fliew rcfentmcnt. They fcizcd the boat from the ftem of the Moon- fliine, cut the cable belonging to the Memuid, nude prize of the implcntcnu that la^ upon the fliore, and, in flrart, declared open hoftilities a^inft the aggref* fon. who in return difcharoed their artillery among them, which inftantly difperfed them. No civilities, however, that could be ftiewn them, after the indignity offered to their prieft, could ever after reconcile them, and the year folfowina they fouiid an opportunity to take a fevere revenge. In the mean time one of them being made prifoner, was taken on board the Mermaid 1 wlw, after recovering his fright, trimmed up his darts, repaired his fifliing tackle, picKcd oakam, and fet his hand to any thing he was fct about ( and, after a time, became a very picafant companion onboard. On the 17th of July, in latitude 63 degrees 8 min. north, they fell in with a continent of ice, very high, like land, with bays and caps, and, till they examined it clofely, could not be convinced that it was a mcM^ congelation. They coafted it till the 30th, when the weather became fo tempcftuoua and fogar, and withal fo coU, that the ftiroudi, ropes, and uUs were frozen and glazed with ice 1 and the men, who the year before found the fea open aind the weather temperate, beaime fo dilpirited, that in an orderly manner they addrriTcid their Commander, and intreated him to confider their prefent fituation, to have regard to his own life, and the prefervation of theirs t and not thiou^ boldnela and an indiftrect zeal for a hopelefs difcovery, leave their widows and iatherlcis children to blacken his me> moty with bitter curfes. Moved with their pitiable repiefentatioii, he difchaiged the Mermaid with thoft who were molt deiiitxM of returning home, and pm- cceded in the Moonftiine to proiccute hit voyage. Changing hit courfc to recover the opf)ditc (hore en 4 P the I 4 m ■ > 1.1 II t 'ir.'i 334 Commodore PHIPPS (now Lorb MULORAVE's) VOYAGE ^^. I the i(t ot'Auguft, in latitude 66 deg. -ij min. N. and longitude 70 dcg. W. he difcovcrcd land, without either ice or fi.ow. On the 2nd, they caft anchor in ( line road, and in a day or two were vifited by the natives, who came to traflic. On the 14th, they ftt Tail to the wcftward, and on the i6th, changed their courfe to the foiithward. On the 1 8th, they difcover- ed a high promontory to the N. W. which having no land to the fouth, recovered their hopes of a free paflbge. On doubling the Cape, they found the land trending away to the fouth in broken illands, and coafting along till ihcy arrived at a fine opening, in latitude 57 deg. they failed i o leagues, w ith woods and lawns on each fule, aliouniling with deer and game of every kind. Here they llaid till the ift of September, and thenfct fail, coafting along to the northward, where they were again Hattered with the hopes of a paffage, by obfcrving a ftrong current rufhing in between two l.inds to the weftward, which they were very dcfirous of approaching, but the wind blew diredlly againft ihem. On the 6th, returning to their former flation, five of the caw tell into an ambulcade i for having ventured on fliore unarmed in their boat, they were fuddenly allaiilccd from the wooils, two of them killed upon the (\HH, two gricvoufly woundcil, and the fifth made his cfcapc by fwimming, with an arrow flicking in his arm. The fame evening a furious ftorm arofe, which lafted till the loth, in which time they in a manner unrigj-ed t'licir Ihip, and were about to cut away her marts by the bond, the cable of their (licet anchor parted, and they cvci\ nicmcnt expected to be dalhcd upon the rock.s, and to be made a prey by the fav.igc cannilnis of the CO iiitry ; but the ftorm abating, and the fea growing ralni. they recovered their anchor on the nth, and nude fail for England. About the beginning of Odober they arrived at Dartmouth, where thfv found the Sunfliine, but the North Star having parted company in a hard gale on the; coaft ot Greenland, was never more heard of. This iindaimted mariner had yet the courage to un- dertake a third voyage, and then failed as tar as the 7jrddcj;ree of north latitude, but being dcferted by his companions, wa< forced to return in great diftrefs 10 his old port. Upon his return he wrote a letter to his patron, afluriiig him, that he had found an open fea in latitude 7 < deg. N. and a llrait 40 leagues broad, and concluded from thence that the paffage was moft certain. I'romthis period till the year 1610, we find no farther attempts made to revive this difcovery ; but in that y.ar Mr. Henry Hudfon, one of the moft celebrated mariners of his lime, was prevailed upon to undertake a voyage that was purpofcly fet on foot to make trial of his (kill. He failed April the 7th, 1610, fteering direiitly to Davis's Strait:, he there changed his couric to thc,vilh\ ard, aod ftruck out a new track that no mariner had ever failed before, which led him through the ftrait that ftill bears his name into the great bay that bounds the American continent on the N. E. and fceins to communicate by various openings with the north fea. Here he continued traverfing for almoft three months in fearch of a paffage to the weft- ward, but finding himfelf embayed, he ftood to the fouth, intending to winter in the mildeft latitude the buy would admit; accordingly, he is faid to have wintered in latitude 51 dcg. N. longitude 80 deg. W. •where on the ift of November his (liip was frozen in, and being (cantily provided w ith provifions, the crew ■mutinied, and in the end moft barbaroudy contrived, as the w liter cxpreffcs it, to turn the Captain, the car- -pcnter, al)d all the fick men out of the Inip, who were ■never more heard of. After which the leaders of the 4iuitiny tkterminedto-make the beft of their way for iinglandj but in their paffage home not a few pc- ri(h?il( and thofc who furvivcd fuffered unfpeakable niifciy. " but notnith^anding this dilader, and that it was *. . a certainly known that the Captain and all who were left behind were cither drowned, ftarved, or murdcretl, the ppogrefs he had made in the difcovery erurouiaged others to follow his track. The next w ho adventured was Captain Button, a man of creat abilities, courage, and experience. Patronized by^^enry, Prince of Wales, he failed in 161 1, and having paffed Hudfon's Straits, purfued a different track from that of Captain Hudfon, leaving his dif- coveries to the fouth, and fhapins his courfe to the N. W, After failing more then joo leagues, he fell in with a large continent, which, from its mountainous appear- ance, he named New Wales ; but finding no pafmge to the weflward, he followed the diredtion of the land to the fouthward, till he arrived at Port Nelfon, where he wintered in 63 deg. 30 min. N. but, though he kept three fires in his (hip conftantly burning, and his com. pany killed incredible numbers of white partridges and other wild fow 1, yet many of his men pcrifhed dv the fcverity of the cold, which in that climate was almofl infupportable. In 1615, Captain William Baflin undertook the ex- amination of the extremity of that fea into which Davis's Straits opened a paffage, aiid he fo far fuc- ccedcd, as to determine its extent, and to difcover an outlet marked in our maps, by the name of Sir Thomas Smith's Sound, which is probably the only communi- cation between our northern bays and the great pacific ocean, which nature has provided, in order to maintain a general circulation, without which it is hardly pof- fibfe to conceive, that the equipoifc of the globe could for a moment be prefervcd. In 1619 Captain John \fonk, at the inftanccof his Danilh Majefty, undertcok this difcovery, and arrived fafe at Cape Farewell, where though the tackle of the (hip was fo frozen and full of ificlcs, that the niarinera could not handle the ropes, yet next day it was fo hot, that they were forced to work in their (hirts. He entered Hudfon's Strait in the month of July, and waa forced to winter in latitude 63 deg. 20 min. N. on an ifland that ftill retains his name; but the hardfhips ha endured almoft exceeded belief. In May 1620, he found himfelf alone in a cave dug in the earth, fcarco alive, and almoft morally certain, that all his mariners were dead. As foon as the weather would permit he crawled forth, and found, of all his crew, only two left. By removing the fnow, they found fome frefh herlM underneath, and by eating them, recovered from the lirurvy. Unable to navigate their fhips, they abandon- ed her to the favages, and, by a wonderful Providence, got fafe to Norway in the pinnace. Being a man of uncommon refolution, he was ftill folicitous to pcrfedt a difcovery, w hieh had baffled the refearches of fo many able navicators, and to acqu're glory, by accomplifliing that whirli they had failed to attain. He aflerted the exiftence of fuch a paffapr fo confidently, and laid down the method of fintling it Co plaufibly, that he had per- fuaded the merchants of Norway to raife a joint ftock to defray the expences of a fecond voyage ; but apply- ing to the King for his pcrmilHon and protcdlion, and relating to him his own fufferings, and thofc of his companions in his former voyage, his Majefty told him, he had alrrtidy been the death of too many of his fub- jei^s, and wondered at his prefumption to (cek to mur- der more. To which Monk gave a quick reply, which provoked the king to ftrike him over his flomach with his cane. Whether the feverity of the blow, or the fenfe of the indignity was the occafion, it not certain ; but he quitted the royal prcfence with marks of ftrong refentment, and returning to his chamber, refufed aftiftancc, and three days after breathed his laft. Captain Luke Fox and Captain James were the next who profeffedly engaged in this difcovery ; the firft in a King's frigate, viduallcd for 1 8 months ; the other in a fmalf vcffel of 70 tons, built at Brif- tol on purpo.'e ; viduallcd and equipped by private adventurers. Captain mtirn were left Idcrcd, the Incouiaged {ton, a man ratronizcd |i6ii, and different |g his dir. fc to the fell in with piu appcar- ) palTage to the land to where he Ih he kept his com. fridges and hcd by the ' |\vas almoft k the ex- nto which fo far fuc difcovcr an >ir Thomas communi- reat pacific o maintain hardly pof- {lobe could lance of his and arrived ackle of the he iharincrs was fo hot, fliirts. He \y, andwai n. N. on an lardfhips ho ly 1620, he »rth, fcarc* tiis mariners i permit he nly two Icfl. frefh heriM [^ from the cy abandon- Providence, ig a man of 8 to pcrfedl i of fo many :ompIifliing affertcd the d laid down ie had per- joint ftock but apply- edlion, and "lofe of his y told him, of his fub- ck to mur- :ply, which is (^oniach the blow, ccafion, is ;fence with ng to his days after I were the overyj the I months; ilt at Brif- by private Captain For making. D.lJiC ttV E.BHE.S. towards rks^M O EL I H 1? Pi E^ ^. jj^ Captain Fox departed in the fpringof 1631, traced all the wetlem bays difcovered by former navigators, examined the wertcrmoll part of Hudfon's Bay, and returned in dgi. Me piililifccd a pomJabwA »cc0un,t of his difcoveries, which, however, was never much regarded. . - , 1 T)nthe jrd*fMa?, \6y; Captain J^mcs fctj Cia torn ihe Swem's Mouirh, and on ihc «Qth of June cleared Hudfon's Straits, where he found himfelf lb pcftercd with broken ice, >u to put it ait of bis power to profecute his difcoveries to the nbith wcftward, as- he had intended ; he therefore ordered his matter to ftcerW. S. W. and on the 27»h of July,after fuftain- ingmoft dreadful ihocks, found Wihip cnclofcd h, fa(\ among the ice, that, notwithftanding it blew a hard gale, and all fails Crt, l\ic ,fttrrcd no mers than if Ihe , had been in a dry Bock. It was now that tne min firft began to murmur, and the Captain himfelf was not without his fears, left they fhoijd here be frozen up and obliged to winter in the middle of the fca. By an obfervation whi^h they made upon the ice, they found tbar iV^y w'?<"d. They fpoke together, and, after exchanging mutual civilities, parted. Ciptain James kept coafting along the (hore to make difcoveries, and Captain Fox made the beft of his way for England. The Captain now began to think of a convenient place to wmter in. In ttiis attempt they met with fo many difafters, that at lall'havin^ no hope left, they began to prepare themfelves to make a good end of a miTerable life. On ihe 19th they loft their (hallop, chough lafhed to the (hip by two hawfers, and to their inexprelTiblc grief their boat was almoft rendered irre- parable. Winter now bcga.i to fet in a-pace, the nights long. the days clofe and fogt^y, the feas rough, and nothing but f1ioal:i and broken land to navigate. Added to nil thcfc the men began to lic;kcn, an univerfal dijcdion \ t tended to be attacked were at that time incapable of refinance ; and as they were in pofTeilton of the royal treafures, any fiiilure in the return of which muft of neceflity oblige Spain to fue for peace, that haughty nation muft thus have been fubducd without a battle. But poftcrity will ftand amazed when they are told the ifTuc of this projctft, on which Sir Charles Wager was fo intent, that, though it was the loth of September before Qiptain Anfon arrived in town, yet by tne 1 8th he had received orders to ukc under his command the Aigyle, Severn, Pearl, Wager, and Trial floop, and to proceed to vidua! the fame with the utmoft cxpcdition: Bcfore the end of December fuch difpatch had been nLidc by that vigilant officer, thai the fhips were in readinefs to take the troops on board , but kl January, when Captain Anion attended the board to reccivc fiirther orders, he was told b^ Sir Charles, that the Manilla expedition was laid addc, for what rcafon he knew not, but that the expedition to the South Seai was flill intended ; and that he and his fquadron, as their firft deftination was now countcrmanacd, fhould be employed in that fervice. Accoruingly on the loth of Januar)', 1740, he re- ceived his commilTion as Commodore 1 yet it was not till the loth of June that he obtained from the Duke of Newcaftle his Majefty's inftrudionsi and even then fo tamy obfUcles were thrown in the way, fo many difficulties ftarted, and fo many delavs contrived, that, bcfere he wns permitted to fail, which was not till the Uitter end of Scptcmbei, the Spaniards were fo well in- formed of his defigns, that a {icrfon who had been em- ployed in the South Sea Company's fervice, arrived feom Panama, and was able to relate to the Commo- dore moft of the particulars of his ftrength and deftina* tion, from what he had learnt amonfi; the merchants twfore he left the South Scas; but a ftill more extraor- dinary proof of their cariy and perfect intelligence was difcovered afterwards, in the- coiirfc of the voyage, when FROHTlSriECE. 1740, he re- ^et it was not rom the Duke and even then way, fo many ontrived, thar, at not till thc vcrc lb well in- had been em - rrvice, arrived the Commo- th and dcftina* the merchants ,//^it'f't>fiitr' ( ,ty//-//t //f//ff>///Ai/ f//i'i>.i/f/>r /*-/t>h/i'fff/f r//l /f/ftr/ri'/f ^ *! 'I I'M ..•.v><>4k\ ">'«:>>; I i 'f IWl ■ t i »• l..' -1 i |||y w M TTpiWiM rf M ific A. Jinru . ^v . 1lfa:'lh,(^ , <■/ ihf Kin/iJ Amu . SfiA, raunwjtfr Am COMMODORK \(f//frfr,rrf/.> LOKI) ) ANSON.////'/'w/^/y FIlNC GEOllGE ^ f/tf SKCONIJ. //•/// /VA ( counl r/ /n.i VOYAGE KorN?) ///WOKIJ) . w% fill i \'\\ ■:A \ / i 1 ' • i ' t r ■ " t^-l 1 ' jj 1 ■ ; ■ k 1 4 ■ . \ . . \ ■^ \ • 'i 1 li • I . !*.» » /■ Commodore ANSON'i VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 337 when the P»rl, being fepwattd from the reft of the fquadnm. in a ftoim, on the codl of Brafil. fell in %»ith the Swinifli Beet, that, during the unpreccticnted delay, had been purpaftijr fitted out to ruin the ex. pedition. and (bund Admiral Pifarro fo well inftrudted In the form an^inake of Commodore Anfon'i broad pendant, andmofe he employed had imitated it fo cxadly, that Capt. Mitenell, who commanded the l^ri, wai decoyed by it within gun.fliot, before he wat aUe to dHcover hi* miftake. All dcbyt being at length overcome,' the fquadron, conlifting of five men of war, a (loop of war, and two viduallingihipa, namely, the Centurion, of 60 gum, £0 men, comnunded by Capuin Anfon, u Commo. re I theClouceftcf.of 50 gun*, 300 men, of which Richard Norrii, Efqt wat Commander 1 the Severn, of 50 guns, 300 n»en, the Hon. Edward Legg, Efq; Com- mander; the Pearl, of ao guni, ijo men, Matthew Mitchell, Efq: Commander 1 the Wager, of a 8 guna. 1 60 men, the Hon. John Murray, Commander 1 two vicluallert. the Induftry and Anne pinki, ihc largeft of about 400, and the other about 300 tons burthen; were ordered to take the troops onboard at St. Helen's. But how much the numbers, ftrcngth, and probability of fuccefs. of this fquadron, were diminilhed by the various incidents that took place in near a twelve «K>nth's pracraftination, may fully be conceived by what has already been faid. Had the honourable Board from whence the fird idea of the expedition originated been permitted to dircd, all the old and •nlinary feainen On board the Ihips would have been exchanged for fuchas were young and able; the full eentplement of each (hip would have bci-n made u}.; and the fait provifions which had been fo lung on board in the channel would have been remanded on (hort, and frefli provifions replaced in their room: but, in- ftead of thefc necelTary precautions, the Captains were glad to retain their old crews; the deficiency in the numbers of which, anKMinting to more than 300 men, was noothcrwife made up than by fcndina on bo;ird about 100 cripples from the hofpiuls, anaa party of raw marines who had never been at fca before: nor • ere they more fortunate in the change that was made V I the land-forces ; for, inflcad of three independent rjinpanies, of too men each, and Bland's regiment of foot, as (irfl priimifed, they had only 400 invalids from Chelfea allotted them, one part of whom was in- capable of adion by their age and iniirmicics, and the otner part ufelcfs by their ignorance of their duty. But this diminution of firength was not the grcatcft misfortune that attended thele mcafurcs 1 the import- ance cf the time which was wilfully waited was in iu .onfequencet the foitrce of all thofe calamities to which the enterprise was afterwards expofed, by oblif t g the Coimnodore to make his palTu^ round the (^■«pe in the mo(l tempefiuous feafon, wnen, as it wasforefeen, almoft nil the invalids, to a man, pe- hihed long before they arrived at ths place of adlion, eipiring in a moft lamentable condition when they came to be attacked with the fcurvy, w iih their utxindi bleeding rrelli, which had Ixca healed fome of them 30, feme 30, and fomc+o years bctbre. But to proceed : Of this voyage there arc two very authentic and wcll-\vritt<;n accounts; one by Pafco Thon's, the niathem.-itical malkr on board the Cen- turion, who failed in her o>it of th<: Britilh Channel, rnd returned with her in fafcty when (he arrived at Portfrnouth, and was an cvc-witni is and careful ob- ferver of all that pafTcd the other by the Rev. Mr. Richard Walters, Chaplain to the ab;>ve ihip, who re- ceived his material :, and every other alfiftance necef- fsry to authenticate his narration, from the Comman- der in Chief. We have chofcn to follow the former i.. 'h narrative of fads, as moft exad and leall iiabte to impofltion ; but, in the cxplanator>-part, we (hall copy the latter ; becaufe, though Mr. Thomas fuffercd nothing mate- rial that pafled to efcape his notice, there were many things trai^faitcd, tiie motives for which he couki on.ly No, 4t. gucfsati but thcfo motives Mr. Walters has, by meana of the Commodore's alfiftance, been able to explain. Bdhg quite ready about the bvinning of Septem. her, 1740, we put to fea three diflvrcnt times, but were aa often put back to the road of St. Helen's by contrary winds and ftormv weather. At laft, on Thurlday, Sept. i>, we (ailed in company with the Lark and Sc Alban's, two of his Maje(r)'s Ihips, and fcveral nwrchant.(hips, befidesour own fquadron; aiid Saturdaf evening faw fome men.of-war, and a laive fleet of merchantmen, waiting for us at Torbay. Ac one in the afternoon wejoinedthem; and the Commo- dore hoifted his broad pendant, which wu falutcd by all his Majefty'sniips in the fleet with 13 guns each. The King's (hips which joined gs here were, the Dra- gon, Chatham, Winchefter, and South-Sca-CalUe, and near 300 fail of merchantmen under convoy, (ome of whom were bound to the Mediterranean, and others to feveral pans of North America. We had at pre- fent the command of the whole Hcet; and this (amc afternoon, feeing a (hip to the fouth-weft, we made the Dragon a fignal lor chafing her ; but (he proved one of our own (hips, too far a-head of her ftation. At four this afternoon, the Start Point bore from us E. by N. at the diftance of eight leagues. Monday the 3 2d, we law two fail to the weft ward, and fent the Trial ftoop to (peak with them. They were Dutch (hips bound to Curafoa, with foldiers for their garrifons there. Thurfday the 25th, the Winchefter and South-Sea- Caftle, with the mcrchant-fhips under their convoy for Virginia, and other parts of North America, parted from us, and proceeded on their refpectivc voyages. Ami Monday the 2pth, the Dragon, Cliathani, St. Al- ban's, and Lark, with the merchant-ftiips in their charge for th« Mediterranean, did the like; and we had now no Ihip* left in company but our own proper fquadron. Tuefday the 30th, we fiwke with a Dutch man-of- war, who came from MaUa, bound for Amfterdam. Friday, Odtober the id, we fpoke with two Eiiglifti merchant-fliips from Lilbon (or New-York, and the 8 th we fpoke with a French (loop from Rocheiie. The 13th, one Philip Merrit, a common (ailor, died, which I mention becaufe he wu the (irft man we loft on the voyage. The next day, by an order from the Com- modore, we went to ftwrt allowance ; that is, one third of the allowance granted by government is kept back, in order to make our provilions hold out the longer. The 23d, we fpoke with a ftiip (rom Liverpool, and the next dav with another from Glafgow, for the Cape de Verde idands ; as alfo with a fnuU brigantine from Falmouth for Madeira, who kept us company thither. The next day we fpoke with a Dutch (hip from Surinam for Holland. The 26th, at fix o'clock in the morning, we faw the land bearing W. N. W. diftance fix leagues, ard at four in the evening anchored in Fonchiaic road, m ibrty fathom water, a-breaft the town of Fonthialc* and about a mile and a half from it. Dunng this whole palTage, we had almoft continually contxary winds, and boifterous uncertain weather; by which means, a pafliige which is very commonly made in 1 o or 1 3 days, took us up 38. Our bufinefs in this place was only to water, and take in wine, and fome private ftock: but. foon after our arrival, we were informed, that they had fccn from the ifland, to the weftward, about 1 6 or 1 8 fail of (hips for feveral days together, which were luppofcd to be a jUnon Joflc Syiva de Paz, an expert cnpineer, who, as Mr. Walters obferves, under- ftood one bran'h of his htifinefs very well, which is the advantages which new works bring to thtffe who are rntrulVed with the run of eredling them i for, befides ■ battery on a neck'of land that narrows the channel to a little more than a quater of a mile, there were three other fots carr> ing on for the defence of the harbour, none of which were then compleated. The country, both the main and the illand, is moun- tainous, and all over-grown with thick woods, and thofe fo entangled with the un !er-growth of thorny briars, brambles, and the like, :hat in nioft places they are fcarce penetrable. Thefc woods are reported to be full of very fierce tygcrs, which makes any excurfions into the country dangerous, uniefs you go well armed, and even then much caution is ncceflary. They have here fome hogs and fowls, but I believe not very plenty ; and in the woods are monkeys, apes, arm-idilloes, and other wild creatures unknown to me; as alfo parrots, parroquets, and many other forts of birds proper to the climate. Alligators are faid to be plenty near the ihorcs and in the lakes, but we faw none of them. The country appears 'o me to be a good foil, and very capable of improvement, were the inhabitants more civilized and indullrious. This Uland lies in latitude 27 deg. jomin. S. longi- tiide, as before determined, 49 deg. 53 min. W. from London ; and the variation of the compafs 1 1 deg. 10 min. eaftcrly. Dec. 27, we difcovcrcd a fail in the offing, and the cighteen-oar'd barge was manned, and armed, and fent, under the command of the fecond Lieutenant of the Centurion, to examine her before flie ajrived within the proteflion of the fort. She proved to be a Portucuefe brigantine from Rio Grande ; but, though the officer behaved to the mafler with the utmoft civility, yet the Governor took offence at our fending our boat, com- plained of the violation of the peace, and made that « pretence for fending Don Pifarro the moft circum- llantial intelligence uf our force and condition, as we afterwards found by letters itttcrccptcd in the South Seat. . . ^ JaniL-lry 18, 1741, we left this ifland, having had a melancholy proof how much the healthincfs o( this place had been over-rated by former writersj <')r wc found, that, though the Centurion alone had bui i(.-d no Icfs than 28 men lince our arrival, the number of the lick in the fame interval had increafcdtu 961 and this very day we had three men die. Before our departure the Commodore took every precaution to prevent a feparation t but confsdcring that, in fuch boiflerous feas as wc were about to en- counter, he himfelf might be difablcd, he called the officers together, and in a full council fo ordered it, that, if but one (hip efcapcd, the expedition fliould not be abandoned. Proper places of rendr/.vous were ap« pointed 1 the time was fettled for flaying at thefc places ; and, if the Commodore did not arrive in that time, the Captains were ordered to put themfelves under the command of the fcnior, and to proceed without farther delay. The 2 ad in the morning, we had very flormy wea- ther, with fome thunder, lightning, and rain; and the Trial carried away the head of her main-mafl. A thick fog fucceeding, wc lay to, and foon after lolt flght of the Pearl, the Trial, and the Anne pink. In the afternoon wc got fight of and joined company with the Trial and the Anne;, but the Pearl was flill miffing. From hence to February the 13th, very variable wea- ther, moflly foggy from latitude 3J,or thereabouts, to latitude ^9 1 the refl a mixture not much unlike our weather in England in the month of Odlober, except that wc had pretty often thunder and lightning, which are nbt fo frequent with us in that month. Being pad the latitude of ^6 degrees to the fouthward, I oblerved the current, which had hitherto conflantly fet foutherly, now on the contrary, fet to the northward ; and the great river of Riode la Plata being fituated in between J 5 and 36 degrees fouth, ftrengthens my conjecture that thofe currents arc occafioncd by the flux and reflux of that mighty river. February 13, we faw the land from S. by W. to S. half E. appearing plain, with very few riflngs, and of a very moderate height, our foundings at that time from 46 to (6 fathom, the firfl mud, the latter ftony ground. This day, at four in the evening we were w ithin about four miles of Cape Blanco on the coafl of Patagonia, and in 1 2 fathom water ; on which we hauled ofl, and ran along the coafl, the foundings from 20 to 60 fathom water. At five the next morning wc faw the land from W. by N. to S. W. half W. with an opening near the middle ; which I believe to be the harbour of Port Defire, fo called by Sir John Narborough. The northermofl lard in fight is Cape Blanco, and the fouthermofl Penguin Ifland, fo called from the great numbers of penguins about it, of which birds Sir John's fliip's company killed and faked large quantities for proviflons, and which he reports to be very good and wholefome food. Cape Blanco, is in the latitude of 47 deg. 10 min. S. longitude from St. Katharine's 17 deg. 38 min. W. which makes it from London 67 deg. 20 min. W. taking the N. E. point of St. Katharine's in 49 deg. 42 min. W. to be about 1 1 min. to the eaft ward of the place where the fliip lay when I fixed it by ob- fcrvation. The 17th, in the evening, we anchord about 17 or 1 8 leagues Ihort of the harbour of Port St. Julian, fo called by Sir Francis Drake, who touched there in his voyage round the globe, and where he condemned and executed Mr. Doughty, the next perfon in com- mand to himfelf, on pretence of a confpiracy to murder him and ruin the expedition ; whence a fmall ifland within the harbour is to this day called the Ifland of < True Juftice. The next nwrning we faw a fail at S. by B. which we believing 'to be the Pearl, made ths lignal for the return of all cruizers ; but flic not mind- it, as I fuppofe not feeing it, we ordered the Gloucefler to chafe, -and at two in the afternoon the (/louceflef and herchace, which to our great fatisfadjon proved to m m i4« CoMMonoR B (afterward! Lord) ANSON '• i, I f' HI? be Ihc IVarl, joined u*. They infbrmcd ui, that, on {•niiury the jiO, their Cummamkr, Captain LXindy IM, (lied I and thai on the 7th inftani they were chafed by live brge ihips, which they believed to be Spaniih men of war, and were (■ me time within guri- (hot of them, though they never fircii a gun, having endeavoured to decoy the Pearl by hoifting a broad red pendant, like that of the Englifh Cotnnwdorc, at the Admirarf tnain-top>inan head, and hopini by that meant to be taken for oar (vommodow, and To to in- veigle ami make Aire of their prcv t Captain Mitchell, thus decoyed, narrowly efcapca them, by ninning through a fpace of water, where the tidci or currents making a great ripling, the Spaniards, who thought it was rock V and broken ground, were afraid to folbw her. Thcfe (hip* wc fuppofed to be the Sp«ni(h fquadron, commanded by Adininil Rfitrtr. viie fame who got fo great a name among than for his conduct in bringing home their Hou fate into Port Andero the lad year, eluding the visilance of oar fquadrona who waited for them off Cadiz, and wai therefore looked on as the propereft perfon to be fent to intercept us. We Ihould not have been difpleafcd, however, to have met them with our whole force, and did not much doubt to have either deflroyed or difablcd them. But the time of their dcftrui«ry finall quantity of fait, and no oihe;- lefrefhments whatever; all the country, as far as wc could difcovcr, being quite barren and defolatc. We got (bme pro- vifions out of the Anne vitfhialler on board each of .he other(hips, re- -aired the Trial's malV, and alTiflcd her and the vidhialler to overhaul and new>fix moft of their rigging. Having loft the hopes of a fupply of water here, wc were pat to the allowance of one quart a man for one day, and t^rcc pinu for another, alternate- ly ! bA, confidering our paflagc hr>d hitherto proved extremely ftormy mi cold, and a dead time of the year coming on very fiift, it was thought proper, in order to keep the people in as good heart as podibie, to give them whole allowance of all otlncr provifions, which was otdercd accordingly. Here we farther fecurcd our lower-deck guns, by nailing quoins under the trucks, in rafc the tackles, brccchings, or iron-work, might give way, or fail in the ftormy weather which we had much reafon to cxped. Here likewifc the Commodore removed the Hon. Capuin Murray into the Pearl, in the room of Capuin Kidd ; and Capuin Cheap into the Wager in the room of Captain Murray. He advanced Mr. Charles Saunders, his firft lieutenant, to be commander of the Trial Sloop, in the room of Captain Cheap ; and made Mr. Picrcy Brett, firft lieutenant of the Glouccftcr, fccond lieutenant of his own (liip. The 'I'rial being repaired, and the Pearl, who had thrown about 14 ton of water overboard when chafed by the Spapiards, being fup- 4 plied from the other (hip*, wc mode rcaiiy to pr^iccutc our voyage. This harbour of Port St. Julian is a barred harbour, only fit to receive fmall flii|M and velTcls. We lay olf in the road about two miles from the mouth of it. li is not to be fern open from where wc lay, one point fiiuttinginanothcri and before ar.»- rmai; (hip or vcfTcl itrctends to venture into the h«rbour, 'Im-v ought to end in their boats at low water, dtxl fix pwa or bunya on the ends of the (hools, which, in a manner, block up the palTage. The country about it is pretty much on the levcrT except a few coplin^ hillock* to the north, ward, and a prettv high one in the bay, which bears W. S. W. from the pkcc where we lay at anchor. TheUlitudeof Port St Julian is 49 deg. 10 min. S. it» lon|[itade from London 69 deg. 48 min. W. and the variation of the compars 1 7 deg. 30 min. £. Wc had here uncertain boillcrous weather, with much rainw fome fnow, andgenerallv thick fbg. wiili fo much winti and fea as made us ride hard, Md lial^tnrcl our depar« ture from this uneafy fituation. Sir John Narborough and fome others write, that they have often feen and converfcd with the inhabiunta in this and other parts of Patagonia, and have given wonderful defcriptions of them ( but as wc fuw none of them, I have nothing to fay of that fort, nor intlccd do I think there is any thing in this wild part of the world worthy of the lea(t notice. The 37th, at fix in the momina, we made the figiud', weighed, and put to fca ^but the Gloucefter beingtong in weighing her anchor, and the weather proving thicK and hazy, wc loon loft fight of her, and at one in th« afternoon, tacked, and by bv ibr her coming up 1 aC fevcnwc fired agon, a fignal for her, and loon after file joined us, having broke her main-yard in the flings. ftevious to our leaving this port, a council was held on board the Centurion, at which all the ofticers by fca and land attended, when it was propofed by the Com. modore. that their firft attempt aftO' their arrival in the South Seas, (hould be the attack of the town of BaU divia, the principal fromier of thediftriA of Chili. To this propofiiioo the council unaninHNifly agreed t in confequence of w hich, new inftrwfiioiM were given to the Capuins of the fquadron, by which they were direded, in cafe of fepanition, to rendezvous at the ifiand ofNcuftra Senorodcl Secoro, and th'^rc cruife for 10 dayst after which, they were ordered to repair to the height of Baldivia, and there betwce|i 40 deg. and 40 deg. 30 min. to continue to cruifc 14 daya longen and, il in that time they were not joined by the reft of the fquadron, they were then to quit that ftation, and dircA their courfe to the ifland of Juan Fernandez. March the 4th, in the morning, we pafil-d by the Streightt of Magellan, fo near that we faw them very plain; the northemmoft point of which, known by the name of Cape Virgin Mary, I found to be in the lati- tude of 53 cfcg. 38 min. S. longitude from London 70 dqg. (5 min. W. variation of Uie compafs 1 8 deg. 40 min. E. the foundings, when it bean about S. W. bv W. at the tiiftance of eight leagues, from 33 to 50 fathom, the bottom black-grey fiuid and mud. The afternoon of this day being very bright and clear, with fmall br.'ezes, inclinable to calm, moft of the Captains took the opportunity of this favourable weather to pay a vilit to the Commodore i but, while they were in com- pany together, they were all greatly alarmed by a fud. den flame which burft out on board the Centurion, and which wu fucceedcd by a cloud of fnwak. However, they were foon relieved from their apprehenfions, by receiving; information, that the blaft was occafioncd by a fpanc of fire from the forge lighting on fome gun- powder, and other combuftibles, which the otficers on board were preparing for ufc, in cafe we Ihould fall in with the Spaniih fleet ; and that it had been extinguiftied without any danger to the (hip. The 6th, in the morning, we faw the land of Terra del Fuego, confifting of nigh craggy hills, towering above to pv^ccutr f. red harbour, Wc Uy off th of it. It one point lip or veflcl i*v ought to »«<■ or buoys ler, block up ttx much on the north- which bears at anchor. min. S. its W. and the l£. Wc had mu(h rain, I muih wind our depar* write, thac c inbabiunt> have given : fuw none ut' sr indeed do of the world Je the fifl T being] iroving thicl t one in th« ming up I ac nd roon after ■yard in the ncil wu held flicera by fea by the Coin- arrival in the »wn of BaU id of Chili, xifly agreed ( M were given ch they were Evoui at the i th^rc cruife rc'^ to repair irec|i 40 deg. jifc 14 days joined by the to quit that and of Juan paflcd by the iw them very cnown by the le in the tati- n London 70 fs 1 8 deg. 40 S. W. bv W. 9 50 fathom, rhe afternoon r, with fnnail 'aptains took lier to pay a were in com- led by a fud- entunon, and ;. However, chenfions, by It occafloncd on fome gun- he otficen on Ihould fall in I cxtinguifhed land of Terra ills, towering above J»li ' fl 'i ri ' ' r -1^; IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 Ut 1^ 12.2 Ui ■u u L° 12.0 I: 1-25 III 1.4 ||.6 ... ^ 6" >■ Fhotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STREIT WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SU (716) •72-4503 VOYAGE not; ND Ihe WORLDi 34^ iftxivetachotlKr,inb(Uy bowred-mihfnow, with^eepj horrid valleyi, fome fcwfcattered titn, nopUdm, nbr; «ne chtfurfiil ^gnenitHioagh all the difiml pmaelEkt fo! •htt the whde ntay ndt iin|ntoperly be trmied the hand I of Defektion ; and I tnoch qaeftidn whether • mote i •dmuy a^piedt is to be fan ih any other 'pa#t «f the' habitable earth ; for vofaaait fay this n inhabited. b«t iiuely iu nriMibitanu muft be the mdft triifenible ttf human briogi. ThaevoMU'weiayliy.that wc«night ndt overihoot the StMiuiof Le Maiie iir^the night aj 'dwugh 1 believe, had ite kept on, iaiad ^i^lcd rouiid , Statcn land, a finall ifland 'or it^o^ irhicn fie to the •caftwand of thofe ftraits, and tf^her with Terra del Fu^fnunettem, it ^rauid have beentimre to our. «dvamige chan fay paflii^ throu^ them. The 7th, at eight inthenxihnag, we Werevdry qear « point of land on 'I\em tdel Fu^^, called €hpe St. Jamei, bcaiinK £. S. E. another cklled Qtp« St. Vin- cent, S. E. half E. the tniddlemeft of the Three BMk ; then, bang tlwee high hilkdn Tern del I^Kgo,a|v.j peajiigalinoft contiguoas to each otha-, S. by W. ianid ; « veryliigh fcgar.hAfhill, called Monte Gorda, larthcr up in the country, amd 'appearing above therh, bore fbath from m. it i> b]^ tfaue nuirlS that you know you ; are nearSciait-Le Mairet wid indeed we begah to open them in this pofition. Sy noon we were almoR throttgh them, being vffifted by ft very ftrong tide with much (ipplirw, and which made to the fouihward ibmewhat bewre 10 o^ch)ck ' in the morning. The courfe through i* alMoft diw^Uyfeuth, and rheK are noflMakaar'roCfcs in thepafla|tt from whence you; nny incor any danger; the only thing you htve tb ftar is, the ride's taming againft you while you Ut in the ftraits, for in dutt cafe you ore Ceruinly hunicd back uain, and can have no :pafll|ge there till the ndxt turn ' of the tide. The breadth ortMs ftrait may be about fix or fcven leaj^es. and its lei^h ibout ftvcn or eight I whichbeiittpaiiMli ytMi enter into a v«(l op«fn ocean, commoniy Known by the name t>( the South Sea. This ftnit lies in latitude j5 dtjg. S. longitude fiom London'67 d(g. somin. W. variaitionorthe com- pab 11 d». 36 min. B. (buhdings in the ftraits from 43 to 58 nitlwm, the bottom bnck fand and pebble- ftones. In palling through here, tnir joy was irtCrcafed by the brigntnefs of the fky and the ftrenihr of the weather, wliich was indeed remarkably pteaiirtgi for though the winter was now advancing apace, yet the morning of this day, in its brilliancy and mildnefs, gve place to none we had fcen fince our depatttire Hn England. Eiut we here found what was confttM- ly verified by all Our obfcrvaribns In thcfe high iMi- tudes, that fair weather was ever the forenirtn^ of>a fucceeding ftorm, and that f^inftiinc and tempeft fol- lowed one another like light and ihide. We had fcarcely reached the ftmthMn extremity of the ftraits, when the fereniiy of the fky, which h«i fo much fht-: tered our expe^tions, was *ll it oitee dblburM, the wind fhifted to the fouthwant; 'and the fta began to fwdl to' an aftoniftiinc height. Before night the teni- peft arofe, and the tide, which had hitherto favoured us, turned fhriouflv againft us : fo that, Inflead of pur- fuingour intended courfe, we were diiven to the eaft- ward. by the united force of wind attd cUrl«nti witn fo much precipitttion, that in the momimr we^nd our- felves leven leagues to the eaflward of Strait Le Msire. From this time we had fuch a continual fucceflfen of tcmpeftuous weather asfurprized thedddl ahd ftioft experienced mariners on board, and oblwed them to confefs. that what they had hitherto called ftorAuw«re inconftderaUe gales conipaitd with the videtace trf' thefe winds, which raifed fuch fliort and at the fiune time ftich mountainous waves, as greatly furphflM in dangler oil feas known in aiw other part of theghM: and it was not without reafon that this urtufual ap.. peanAce filled us with continual terror; for, bad iAv one of thefe waves broke fairly over us, it muft in m1 probabilitv have fent us to the bottom. Nor did ^ efcape with terror only ; for the ihip rolUttg incefliuitly gunwalc\trncd. another diflockted His herkj a third ivis thrown into the nkairt holdi and 'Hroke hit thigh, and on): df out boatfwain^ ihatils broke his collar-bone twice; nott« knemion nolnv other accidetlts df the fame kindh Thefe Mmpefttt,ifo'dreadfUI ih themfel«es. though unu attended' by any oriier unfiivourable ciicuthftiince, Vfet6 eendemd moiemtfohievous to us bf thcilr inequality, hnd (he 'deceitful intervals which they at fiune titaii afforded; for, though we were often oUiMd to lie.«9 foi-daystooether under a reefed Yniceft. and weir frtf- quentqr reouccd to lie at the mercy of the Ht^aves (indcfr jimhuK poles, yet now and then we vehtured to make fail with our courfes double reefed ; ind the treath^r £ roving inore tolerable, would perhaps ehcourage us ta » our top-falls: after which, the wind, without any -previma notice, would return upon us with redoubled lbkce,and would' in an inftant tear bar fails from the yards. And, that no circumftancfe hiig^t be waiAinl; which could Mnavate our diftrefs, thefe bhfts generally forousht with riiem a great quantity of fnow and fleets which cafed our rigging, and froze otir Ihils, thereby rendering them andour cotdamt brittle, and apt td 6apr upon the flightcft ftrain. atMihg inexpteffible dif- ficulty and labour to the working oTthc ihip, benumb- ins the hmbs of the people employed in handing tht fiJIs, or handling the hJpes, atici tnaking thcin incipa- Ue of exeiting themfelves with their ufaal aftivity, ahd even difitbling many by mortifying their toes ami nd now, as it Were to odd the fihiihing ftrbfce to our mrisfoltunM, our people.bo»an to be univerfaliy aflSifted with that mbft terrible,obitinate, and, at fea, incurable difeafe, the fcurvy, which quickly nude a moft dread- ful havock amoiig us. bc^nning at fhft to carry off twd orthrteaday, butfoon increafine, andatlaft carry- ing off eight or ten; and ai mbffof the living were very ill ofdvc fame diftemper, and the little remain- der who ^ferved thtir healths better, in a manner 3uice worn out with inceflimt labour, I have fome- mesfeenfouror five dead faodiesj fome fown up m their hammocks, oUiers ndt, waihii^ about the decks, forwantof help tb bury iheiti in the Tea. But as the particulars of all the varioHii diikfteTs and fuflerings df varioiib kiiNls that befbl usiwould be endiefs, I ihsdl only mention a few. The lOdi, itth, and 12th, very ftormy weather, with fnow and fleet, and a very gteat ovfcrgroiirn fea frofti the The I sth one WiHiaHi Baker fell dverboard and was drowned^ The 1 6thi the Anne pfiik; which had C^pi* rated frtJm us the 1 1 th in the flormi again joined us, in tat. 59 deg. 20 min. S. Part of the 17th, I Sth, and 19th, very ftrohg gales, and a great rollit^ fea from the N. W. The i 8thi wt had again ftroiig gaits of wind with ex- treme CdMi and at midnight the inaiit-top-fafl f|>lit^ aiid one df die ftnps bf the inain deMd-i (aft^wcrdt' Lok o) A N 6 O N's execution of which nile had We|:fntetved,,that,.noewith(hihdiiig the oDOdjgicma .agiraiHHiaof I the fwtvgi« he fwun nay > ^rons i and: k wii> #ith . khe uttna^ concern that cwt > jfound OHffiHwa iir>iftthllr of aflifting hinu Indeed ^ ^ rwere th« mpK griev^at his Unhappy filte, aa we ktft > ^fight of him (iruggling with .the waves, and con- : ,ceived, from the manner in which he fwini, that, he { might continue feikfibfae liar a confiderahlc time kmger < ,of the horror attending hii irrctricvable.iituaiMn. : ■' \ .: The 26th being fomewhat more moderate, we fiwnd j .two of our mainrihroud* broke, which we repaired'; ' we likewife bent our main-top-fail, and made fiiil. The .10th. in. the evening, the. GJouceiler.made a ;fignal of diftrefs; and, on fpeaking with her, we fob d , flie had brokie V<3r n>ain-xard in the flingy ; an iicoidetit thf more grievous, as it tended unavoidably to delay * ut in thete. jnhofpit^bie latitudes, where xniiy ntonrKnt ^ we were in danger of perifhing. The weitherprdving . favourable, 4II tlie carpenters were ordered on board the : Glouceftcr, and next day Ihe was ready to fail. The3d,.4th, cthj and 6th of April, a continued '. i^flprmpf windai^dniin : adreadfiilfca,ai)d very cold wea- { thcr^ , We lowered OMr yafdl. fiirlcd Our courfes^andlay | byforthemoftpart vndera miueaandmi^zen-ftay-fail. The 3d, about 1 1 o'ckKk at night, a raging fea took us on the larboard quarter, where it ftove in the quarter gaUery, and rulhed.into the (hip like a deluge. For . lomc time it l^i|^,t^e fliip.down upon her fide ; but (he providentially .righted ^in. though flowly; it threw . down and half drowned aU the people on the deck, . broke one of the firaps of the main dead-eyes, and fnapped a mizzen and puttock (hroud. This was the . greateft fea which we had encountered fince we came into thefc partj, and we met with butone fuch fiFoke| more in the whole voyage ; two or throe fuch fucceeding ; jnu(l certainly have (cnt ^^ to the bottom. Thc7th,8th,9th,a(ul ioth,.lcontinued very ftormy' and fqually, with fnow, hail, rain, and a large fea; the - weather continuing very cold. The 8th, at four in the evening, the Anne pink made : a figpal of diftrcfsf and, pn fpeaking with her, we foi^pd Hie had fprung her fprc-Aay, and the gammoning of h^r bowfprit. > 1 his >yas the more unfortunate, as' . none of the carpenters were yet returned frciin.the Gloucedcr. Nor was the , Anne the only Ibip that fiff-, fered in this (lorm; the Wager loft her^misZcn-Maft and main-top-fail yard, owing tp the basnets, of the iron work. In this dilcn|in# we wercoUiged toi bear awiy till thefo ihip had made aU iai&. . , ' The iqth, foggy and hazy. This afternoon the Se-! vern and Pearl were fiira-ftem, and feemed to me toi .lag defignedly. We made a verv es^y ful all da^«,and - lay by at night, and fired fevcral gun*. as !li (ignal for; them to join us ; the weather being pretty modera.ot, | ,.andi the iwind fair far them, theyoivht havt eiTc^lcd it^ . with cafe. ; By the clofe of thn evening we qoiild but : juft fee them, and fro London S4 dfg. to inin..W. f4r. .' W4tasJ|u|upfrs the land we fftll in with on thi| oc- 'caiion tp.$c Cape Nbir,ah4afart of Terra del Fuego. ' From tiiiii'^une to the. a3d,w(e bad notluQg re- • markable, jhe weather continuing uery unceittin and ' variable, wtth a lame fea and « very cold air i and the ' 'aift.ati^at iHi^t, we were in the latitude of ^d^. ;C foim. S. being the greatcft £>uth latitude we made duriag the voyage. ': ;Thc ajd^ veqr hard gales and: fqualls, with much said. This evening we lo(t> fight of the GloMceftM. Wager, Triair and Anne pink^Mlng all the retaainder of our (bwidron,! after the defrdion of the iseveni and Pearl. The Wager's unfortunate cataftrophe is well known I the OChen afterwards joined us at Juan Fen- nuidex, aa ihaU'be related in its proper place. The-alfth, stbh; and' a6th, the wind being moftly fiiif, though ftill blowing hacdi #e made pretty gocM rUns under fcaicafyifail to Che north-weftward.. The 34th it blew ft hurricane, and the men endeavouring ts hand the top&ila, die clewfUnes and bunt-linca broke, andthe(heet beiriff h»lf fhrnm, every feam in the fotis^ Gopfail wu . fooa fplit fi«n top 00 bottom, and. the iMlfl-topliail (hopk fo fttagly in die litind, thatiit cfiiu ried away the toplanthorw, and.endai^onl thc.heiil of the rtiaft 1 however, at -length, foihe of, the ,mott daring of our men ventured upon die yard^ and cm the fiiil away clofeco the reefs, though trith theutmoft ha- zard of. their livM. whiiftat the, fame ^ime the fine. .topfaU beat about the y8rd:i\vith f& much fiiry that it ,wa» foon blown to, (hrsdsi- nOr was oar attention to our bopfailsour..fale.«mpl<>ynient: ibr the mainJail blew loofe, which obliged us to lower the vard to fecure the fail, and the fore-yard beite likewife lowered, we lay to under a mizen. The t25tn. we .found much of bur n«iningt rigging brttkeri, which-iwe ; repaired..^ The vjtb, wcibent othtr lopfaik In the places of thofe fplic Nothing tofote remajrkilble the reft, lof this month and the firft week in the nextj but ftormy unceruin wea- rhcc,!^nd great fickncft and.moi ulity among ourpeople. F:id;:y, May 8, at (even in the morning, law the snain land of Patagonia, appearing in high mountains covered moftly with iitQl|t< We llkc«dlc law (cveral iflands,; one, of which! we took .IOj ,be the Ifland dd Soccoro, fo called foy Sir J9m:e.>bfeNA winds,, which we fliould have avoidfid >in 9 dw(4(^!CflUEf(;toJuan Fernandez, loft us at ha^^A^ryoctf ^0(|llt 9f4 ;ibk;,nien at any in the navv. This unfpeakablii 4'Was . ftill aggravated bytne diftcultieaivvt found in working-the (hip, at the f^rvy had by ^hi^time deftrpyied no left than 300 of Wf nwHi: ;mhI haid in,(bin<> dup^e a(f«3ied .Almoft the wJ)ol«Ct«Wn. I( were, iqdeedk. «odlefs to recite mi- nutely the.>i3iriauadiAftcn* fatigues, and terror^, which we ^ncounterod on this coaft; all thefe went on in- ccnifing till the ^ad of May, at which time the fury of all the' ftorms which we had hitherto experienced, fi^efngS tobecpmbimed, and to have confpired our de- ftrudlion. Jn.this hurricane almoft all our fails were .fplit, andjgRiat part of our ftanding rigging broken; ^ndi^abouf eigt>t in thf cvenine. a mountainous over- grown fea took us on our ftarooard quarter, and gave us fo prodigious a (hock, that fcvcraJ of our fliroudt broke with the jerk, by which our ma(ts were in dan- gj(^ of cpqiiqg oy the board; our ballaft and ftore* too yr^rc ,(p ft^ngely fhifted, that the (hip heekd alter- ^■;|fds, two (tricks a-port. Indeed, it was a moft tre- qpendous blow, and we were thrown into the utinpft .conObemation, from the apprebeidion of inftantly foundei;ing. Qur deplorable lituation allowing no lonr get i'* ? Sii- ,i-/:-ii ■' Ig'/ ■• \ , « id gave (t,; -■-'■■ in dan. IMVStflO i «tter. laft tr€,. utinoft « niuntijr na lonr gcr " ■■ . ■ ' ' / Itill i , i » o 1.^ >^ ^5 ^ VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 343 gerany room for deliberation, wc flood for the ifland of Juan Fernandez i and, to fave time, which was now very precious, our men dying four, five, and fix in a ^ay, we endeavoured to hit the ifland upon a meridian courfe. On the aSth of May, being nearly in the pa- rallel in which it is laid down, we cxpcfted to have feen ir, and indeed the Commodore was perfiiadcd that he did fee It I but all tht other officers being of opi- nion that it wu only ■ cloud, to which the hazinefs of the weather gave too muchcolour, we made fail to the eaftward, and by fo doing lofl near 14 days in rcco- •vering our wefling again. This was a mod fatal dif- appointtnent ; for in this run we lofl about 80 of our men, which, probably^ had the Commodore's advice been attended to, would moft of them have been favcd. The 8th of June, at fix in the evening, we at length faw the ifland of Juan Fernandez, bearing N. by E, half E. about 15 or 16 leagues off. The loth, at two in the mohiing, we anchored in 56 fathom, clofe under the N. E. end of the idand. At 10. iffthe moming of the I ith, we with much labour and difficulty weigned our anchor, and at noon happily moored our fhip in the Great Bay, about a mile from the (hore, in 52 fa- thom water, to our inexpreflUble joy, having been from St. Katharine's in the Brazils to this place 148 days, on fuch a dreadful and fatal paflage as I believe very few other perfons ever experienced. Theiith, at twoin the afternoon, the Trial floop appeared in the offing. We immediately fent fomc of our hands on board her, by whofe affiftance flie was brought to an anchor between us and the land. We foon found that the floop had not been exempted from the like calamities whicn we had fo fcverely felt ; for her Commander, Captain Saunders, waiting on the Commodore, informea him, that, out of his fmall com- plement, he had buried 34 of his mem and thofe who recovered were fo univerfally affliifled with the fcurvy, that only himfelf, his Lieutenant, dnd thi-ee of his men, were able to ftand by the fails. The fame day we got out our long-boat, and fent 'her on fhore with materials for buildmg tents for the fick. and with orders to bring on board fome water. The I ^th. wfc fent our pinnace to aflift the Trial, fhe being driven from her anchors to fea, by the violent flaws of wind which blow oflf the high lands. This and the next day we put afliore 75 fick men, in fo weak a condition, that we were obliged to carry them out of the fhip in their hammocks, and to convey them after- wards m the fame manner from the water-fide over a ftoney beech to the tents prepared for their reception. In this work of humanity, not only the officers, but the CbmnuxJorc himfelf, chearfully lent their alTiflancc. The 1 7th, the Trial came again to an anchor, and moored. This day and the next we fent on fhore the remainder 6f our fick people, the whole number now on Ihore being 135, many of whom, being too far gone in the fciirvy, died one after another to the number of not lei's than fixty. We now began to fend on fliore materials for tents for the C(x>pers, fail-makers, and fome of the officers ; a copper oven which we had with us for baking foft bread tor the (hip's company, and the fmith's forge for making or repairing fuch iron-work as was nccefifary : and, altera fhort interval of relaxation, all hands were bufily employed, Ibmc in cutting large quantities of wood for the (hip's ufe, ibme in makmg charcoal for the fmith, and for a farther (lore; the bakers in baking bread, (he coopers in making up and cleaning the cafks for water, the fuil-inakcrs in micnding the fails and mak- ing others; fome in fifliing for the fick, and the reft were otherways eniploycd : and here being very great plenty of fine fifri, all ukcn by the hook, two or three people could never fail to take us as much in about two hours us all the fhip's company could eat: befides this we took great quantities for faking and ' Curing; and fome private perfons who had hooks and lines tithed for theibfelves, and never failed, of enough for their own ufe, and to give to thofe who had noRc. The people on board were employed in cleaning the 1 fiiip, which was in a very filthy condition, and in flrip- ping the mafts, imd overhauling the rigging. One of the Doatfwain's mates, with lome afUflants, having run up a rope-walk on fliore, was employed in making what fmall cordage we might want; others in watering, and, in fliort, in every thing that might contribufe to put us in as good a condition, and in as (liort a time as pofli- ble ; and as fall as the fick recovered, they were put on the like employments. At firft fight of this ifland, it appeared with a moft unpromifing afped, being extnnu'iy mountainous, rugged, and irregular; but, upon our ncrrcr approach, it nnproved upon us i and when we were landed, we founa all the vegetables which arc ufually efteemed to be peculiarly adapted to the cure of thofe fc 'rt, flit their ears, and turned them loofe to graze the moun- tains. I remember we had once an opportunity of obferv- ing a remarkable difpute betwixt a herd of thofe ani- mals and a number of dogs ; for going in our boat into the eaftem bay wc perceived fomc dogs run very eagerly upon the foot, and being willing to difcovcr what game they were after, we lay upon our oars fomc time to view them, and at laft faw them take a hill, wheie, looking a little fartker, wc obferved upon the ridge of it an herd of goats, which fecmed drawn up for their reception. There was a very narrow path 11(irted on each fide by precipices, in which the leader of the herd pofted himfelf fronting the enemy, the red of the goats being ranged behind him where the groond was more open; as this fpot was inacccflibic by any other path, «xcepting where this champion had placed himfelf, the dogs, though they ran up hill with great .t'-viity, yet when they came within alMut twenty ■ .'ds, found they durft not encounter this formi.'j.ble Goliah, for he ueuld infallibly have driven the firft that approached him down the precipice; they therefore quietly laid themlUvcs down, panting, and did not otfcr to ftir while wc remained in fight. Thcfe dogs have multiplied prodigioufly, and have deftroyed mod of the can as well as goats; the rats, Imwcver, keep poflefllon, and were very truiiblefoaic gucfts in the night, when they generally paid us their vifiu. It is not cafy to determine in what manner fuch a multitude of dogs fubiift, as they are much more nu- mcKMis than all the other four-iboitcd creatures upon the ifland. Our people, indeed, were inclined to think, that they lived in a great meafure upon the young fea- lions and Teals, and rupp0lted their opinion by (he re portof the Mors, fonw of whom killed the dogs for food, who fiud they uftcd fifty: and, truly, there is hardly any other way of accountine for the fubfiftence of thcfe animals; lor. as hu been laid, they have aU ready ddfaoycd all the gous in. the acccffiUe part* of 4 the country ; lb that there now remain only a ti-w among the crags and precipices, where the dogs can- not follow them. I'hcfc arc divided into tcparatc herds of 20 or 30 each, nhich inhabit diflind fahncfTcs. and never mingle with each other ; by this means wc found It extremely diflicult to kill them, and yet wc were fo dvfirous of their Hcfli, that we difcovrred, I believe, all their herds, and it was thought, by com- paring their numbers, that they fcarccly exceeded 200 upon the whole ifland. The dogs had deftroycd the Crdellas, too, of which former writer) have given a ge account, fo that there was not one of them to be feen; wc found indeed their burroxi-s in the earth, which leaves no room to doubt of their being found in plenty in Selkirk's time, as well ascau. of whict there IS now fcarcc one alive. FIcfh meat being thus extremely fcarce. our people, being tired of fifli, though excellent in their kind, at length condefcended to eat feals, which, by degrees, they came to relifli, and called them lamb. Of thcfe, it being their brooding time, the numbers were incre- dible : — and likewifc of the fea-lion, — thcfe animala have frequently furious battles among themfclvcs, prin- cipally alx)ut their females ; and we were one day fur- prized by the fight of two animals, which,atfirft,feemcd different from all we had ever obferved; but. on a nearer approach, they proved to be two fea-lions that had been goring one another with their tuflies, and were covered with blood, with which they plentifully abound. This led us to watch them more cbfely. and one was obferved larger than the reft, and from his driving off other males, and keeping a great number of females to himfelf. he was by the featncn hutnoiir- oufly ftiled the Bafliaw. To this preeminence, how- ever, he had not arrived without many bloody contefts; for, on our people's attacking him in the midft of hia feraglio of feniales, he made a defperate defence, and, when overpowered, the fignals of his bravery appeared in numerous fears on every part of his body. Wc had now been ten days on this ifland, when fomc of our people from an eminence difcemed a fhip to leeward with her courfes even with the horizon, with- out any other fail abroad than her main-topfail; from which circumftance. it was immediately concluded, that it was one of our own fquadron ; but the weather being hazy, no definite conjedure could be formed con- cerning her. She again difappearcd for fome days, and we were all thrown into the dccpeft concern, fearing the weakncfs of her condition had difabled her from working to windward, and that all her people had pc- rifhed. We continued our employ till the 26ih, when we again faw the fantc (hip ; and. on her nearer approach, could diftinguifh her to be the Gloucefter; and, mak- ing no doubt of her being in diftrcfs, the Commodore fent our boat on board her with water and refrefhments. We found her in a miferable condition, not many above 100 people alive, and almoft all thofe helplels with the fcurvy; their water fo very (hort, that they were obliged to allow but one pint a day to a man ; and the continual flaws off the land, together with their being difabled in their fails and yards, hindered them from getting into the bay. The next day wc fent them a frelh fupply of fi(h, greens, water, and men to help to work the (nip; foon after which the flaws drove them off again, and the (hip appeared no more till the 30th, when at two in the afternoon (he fired a gun. and made a fignal of diftrcfs. She continued in this manner off and on. fomctimes in light, and fometimcs not, till July 23, during which time, though we often relieved the people on board with water and other ncccfTarics, yet their fufferings were infupportablc. and their whole complement were reduced to about 96 living perfons, all of whom muft have perifticd in a few days more, lud not the wind proved favourable to bring them into the bay; but providentially a frefh gale fprung up from the fea, atid brought them to an anchor. We imme- diately fent men on board to alTift in mooring the fiiip, and continued our conftant alTiftance afterwards, duripg our ! 1 I "I' i VOYAGE R U U N U the W () R L I). 345 ^S oiir ftay at thin plate. 1 he 5ih ot Augu(V, the fJoni- niodore lent the Trial floop to fearch the ifland of Lit- tle Juan I'lrnamlcr., Icrt any o»' the fquadroii IhouM have iniOakcn that iHand tor the place of rcndczvouf, anil might remain there in cspc^tion of meeting the reft of the fleet. On the 1 6th, the Anne pink, which waifcpaiated from ui with the reft of the fijuadror* the i.jd ot April, appeared in light. Her arrival gave us new fpiriti, (he being laden principally with provilions, and we immediately were orderea full allowance of bread. Thia ftiip had been about two months in a fafc har- bour, on the main land, near the fame parallel with del Soccoro, where Ihc had been diredcil by Providence, aiid where (Ifc lay in fecurity, enjoyed plenty, and her people, 1 6 in number, being once freed from their fears of (hipwreck, very foon recovered their wonted vigour, having experienced none of thofc hardfhips that were endured by the reft of the fleet. Thev told u« they had fcen Ibmc Indians, and one time took one of their canoes with a man, a wonun, fome children, a dog, a cat, &c. and fome implements for fllhery i but m a day or two the whole family, the dog excepted, made their efcape from them in the (hip's fmall boat, and left theni theircanoc in her ftead. I'hofe Indiaiu,they fiiy. underftood a few Spanifti words, and probably might have fome little correfpondence with the fou- tlicrn Spaniards of Chili, or their nearer bordering Indians i or, perhaps, fome of the Fathers for propa- gating the faitl^may now and then have been among them. The i^cipal refrefliments they met with in this port, were wild celery, nettletops, and forrel; cockle's and mufclcs of an extraordinary fizc; good ilore of geefc, (beep, and penguins. They judged it to lie in lat. 45 deg. 30 min. S. and it may be known by an ifland which (aces it, and which the inhabiants call Inchin, and by a river in which they found excellent fifli. Thit velTe], the Anne pink, was the laft that joined us at Juan Fernandez. The remaining fliips of the (quadron were the Severn, the Pearl, and the Wager ftoic>(hip. The Severn and Pearl, aa has been already obfervcd, parted company off Cape Noir, and, aa we at- terwards learned, put back to the Brazils ; fo that of all the (hips that came iiuo the South Seas, the Wager was the only (hip that was mifRng. Captain Cheap, who commanded her, knowing the imporuncc of the charge he had in truft, without which no enterprizeon fltore could be undertaken, was extremely Iblicitous to reach Btldivia as the laft place of rendezvous, and the firft to be attacked, before the reft of the fquadron llwuld have tinilhed their cruife, that no blame might reft upon him, if the attack of that chy (hould be judged' improper to be carried into execution. But, whaft this brave ofHcer was exerting himfelf in en- deavouring to keep dear of the land in making; the ifland of del Soccoro, he had the misfortune todiflo- cate his (boulder, and thcrel^ to difable himfelf from profecuting with vigour the purpofe he had in view. The (hip being little better than a wreck, the crew in aiiiiferable delponding condition, the Oflicers quite ex- haufted, the weather cold and ftormy, and the wind and currents bearing in-fliore, all thcfe unlucky cir- cumftances concurring, fo enungled the (hip with the land, th« all the efforts of the leeble crew could not Srevent her fifom running upon a funken rock, where ic grounded between two (mall iflands, not a mufquet- ihot from the (hore. Jn this fituation flie continued entire till every one on board might have reached the land in fafety, and might have Itored themfelves with provilions, and every necelTary for their prefent fub- nftenceandfutur»e(cape: but the motnent the (hip ^ruck, all fubordination ceafed; one part of the ctew got polfeflion of the liquors, intoxicated themfelves in a beaftiy manner, and grew frantic in their cupss ano- ther part began to furnifli themfelves with arms, and to make themfelves maftcrsof the money and things of moft value on board; while the Capuin, and fome of the principal oflicers* endeavoured in vain to nuintein No. f 9. their authority, and to prrlirvc a proper difcipiine among them, in order to cfl'citt the deliverance of as many as it was poflible from the common danger in which all of them were involved 1 but the mutinous ilifpolitinn that prevailed rendered every eflort tor their f)riTcrvation inetfcdtual. Ihulc who remained in po!'- cflionof the (hip and her ftores, t>ointcd the cannon, and tired at thole who had gained the land 1 thofc at land urcw riotous tor want of proviflons; nothina but anarchy an. .cmfulton prevailed t and, what added to the cataflrophe, a midfnipman nanwd Cozens, who had bulled himlclf in oppofltion to all good government, was, by the Captain, (hot dead upon the fpot. Thia put an en^l at once to all manner of fubfcrvicncy 1 and after this every one thought himfelf at liberty to pur- fue what fchcine he thought beft for hit own prcrcr* vation. Of about I ^o perfons who reached the fliore, .30 died on the placet about 80 others, having converted the long-boat into a fchooner, failed to the fouthward, attended by the cutter. Thcic, hcma diftreffcd for want of provilions in redoubling Cape Horn, and hav- ing loft their cutter in a ftorm, (uflfcred unprocedcntcd hardfliips in their return to the coaft of Brazil, where only 30 of them arrived to give an account of the mi* fcrable fate of their companions, fcvcral of whom died of hunger I others dcflred to be fet on (hore; and fome, beginning to be mutinous, they landed and de- ferred. Of the 19 who were left behind in Wager- Ifland with the Captain, 16 embarked on board the barge and the yawl, and attempted to efcape to the northward t of thefc one was drowned in the yawl, and four were left on a dcfart part of the coaft, wncre it is probable they all periflicd i the remaining 11, after a fruitlefs attempt to weather a point of land, caiicd hf theSpaniardsCape Trefmentes, were forced to return- to Wager Ifland, from whence they flrft fct out, wher^ meeting with a Chiloen Indian, who could fpeak a lit- tle Spanifti, they agreed w ith hiih to pilot them to Chiloc i but, after coafting along for four days, the Cap- uin and his oflicers beine on (hore, five in number, the other flx perfuaded thelndian to put to fea without them, by which the reft were reduced to the fad necef- fity of travelling near 600 miles, fometimes by land« and fometimes by water, till at length, after a variety of misfortunes and hardlhips not to be paralleled in romance, four of them, namely. Captain Cheap, the Hon. Mr. Byron, who lately went round the worldi Mr. Hamilton, and Mr. Campbell, arrived at Chiloci where they were received by the Spaniards with great humanity. After fome ftay at Chiloc, the Captain and his three officers were fent to Valparaifo,and thence to St. Jago, the capital of Chili, where they continued above a year; but on advice of a cartel, the Captain, Mr. Byron,1ind Mr. Hamilton^ were permitted to re- turn to Europe 1 and Mr, Campbell, who in the meai| time had changed his religion, chofe to en^bark fofT Spain 1 but not meeting therewith the encouragement he expedled, he foon after returned to England, where he publifttfd an account of his adventures, but men-^ tioned not a word of changing his religion, neither doc) he aflign his reafbn for leaving Spain. It is very remarkable, that the place where the Wa- ger ftruck upon thii rock, was fo near the harbour where the Anne pink found (belter during the winter, that the Wager's people were within hearing of the pink's even«i ing and morning gun, yet never had the thoughu t9 follow the found, or to look out for an^ ftraggler froin their own fquadron. On the aad, the Trial arrived from fearching thf ifland of Little Fernandez, and reported that it lies about 20 leagues due weft from this where we lay; that it is about three leagues in compafs, being Very moun* tainous, with fome woods and good runs of water, with multitudes of goats, flfli, fea-lions, and feals, as with US; but nofliips were to be fcen, nor any marks of any having been there. W hile we continued at Jtjan Fernandez belides our nece(r»ryemploynients, we Ukfwifi; began, and pretty 4$ fa| ' ^ i' I m 346 C o M M o D o R 1-. ( attcrwards Loan) ANSON it fur advjiiccd, a whart' t'tn' tht better landing and cm- I'lBrkinnliuh niLifl'.incs aj we had occaiion for. Wc k't-pc tMoovcni cinployrvi in baking bnnd for the Ihipi < oinpaniM, tuo fmith'a liir^R lor repairing old and Vitting ncM' irun-vork, tiul made abundance of char- tih\\ for future ufe. The ( :nrrniadun; likrw ife ordered titc carpenter* i!d cake a carrliil riir\eyofthc Aititc pink, tliL- Diader of which fct forth, tlut (he waa in fo rotten a condition, at not to be fit to proceed nor return with- out very conlidcrabic repair*^ j whicS reprcfdntation upon a liirvcy being found to be true, the Coinn\odore punhufcd hir niateriaK at :« fair vtluation, and or- dered her to l>c broke up, urui her crew to be put on biMrd the- (floucclUr, thatlh-.p not having hand* enough left to navigate her, imiiiikfsto light her, in cafe of an attack tVomthc enemy. This illand hes inlutitiide f 3 deg. 40 min. S. and longitude 87 dcg. 37 inin. W. from London 1 diltancc from the main continent 105 league*) compafs, by the M\ account* of thofc who had been round it, 1 3 or I ( leagues. There arc two fiiiall and vcrycoiiuno- dious buys within the points, which torin the large one where we lay, one to the eathvard, the other to the wcft- waid of u.H, and no doubt fcveral others in other part* of the illand ; variation, by an obfervation July 2, in in the morning, if dcg. 4 mm. half K, 'Twas reported, that theS. W. end of the illand is much more natand level than that where we relidcd, and the goati more numerous, but wood fcarcer. On Tuefday, Sept. the 8th, at noon, we fa v a fail at fea bcaringN. K. by E. and, (Krceivuig by our glaflci that <1ie could be none of uur fquadron, nor an £ng- lith built fliip, wc fired a gun as a fignal for getting all our people on board; and, luving taken fcveral men cut of the Trial, bent our fails, let up our rigging, and iliptour fmall bower cable, at fix in the evening, wc weighed in purfuit of her. In the morning of the next day wc got down our ftumpi, which are gcne- rally fet up in bad weather inftead of top-gaHant mails, and in their place got up our top-gallant mails and yards, rigged them, and bent their fail*. At ele- ven the fame iiiorning wc mudcrcd and quartered the iliip's company. At noon the ifland of Juan Fcmjindez bore W. half S. diflance eight leagues; the two next days wc faw nothing of the chace, nor any thing re- markable. Saturday, Sept. 1 3, at five in the morning we faw a fail to windward, which bore down tovrards ui, and at about two leagues diflancc flic hauled up the Iceclue- garnet of her tbrefail, flicwcd her Spanifo li^lours, and nred a gun, which wc fuppofed to be a fignal concerted between her and others which came out in company with her; but wc not anfwering nor regarding it, Ihc hauled clofe on a wind and ftood from ui, endeavour- ing u> efcape ; upon which wc gave chace, and it prov- ing fomctime* hazy and foggy, we were in danger of loiing fight of her. About nine in the morning we tacked, and at noon coming within gun-fhot, .wc tired xt morning, with a frefli pie at fouth, flie had the additional misfortune to pring her fore-mad ; fo that now flie had not a mad left. This was a great obftrudion ; for now we had intelligence by the Trial's prize, that there were many ihips at fea richly laden, and that they had no appre- heulions of being attacked by us, having received in- telltgencc that our fquadron was either put back or deftroycd. In the courfe, therefore, of the 48 hours we were detained in waiting upon the Trial, I am per- fuaded we miifcd the taking many valuable prizes. The refult was, that a council being called, and all the ofliccrs convened together on board our (hip, it was there concluded, that in her prefent condition the Trial could 'x of no farther fervice ; and the Commodore, bcipg refolvcd to fcparate the fliips, in order to cruife upon the coaft to the grcateft advantage, gave orders to Captain Charles Saunders, the Commander, to burn the I'rial, and in her room commiflioned the Trial's prize for his Majcfty's fervice, with the fame Com- mander, oHiccrs, and people. This fliip, the Trial's f ft pri/!e, was called by the Spaniards the NueftraSenora de Arinzazie ; but, bi'iiig now commiffioned for his Majtrty's fervice, flic was henceforth called the Trial's Prize. She v»as the hir^efl fliip we took in thofe fcas, being between ,^ ami 600 tons, and loaded with bale goods, fugarj and other cc;Tiinoditie3, to a Con- fulcraljlc value, aiid about jOooUin fpecie and wrought filvcr. . ■ . . , The 2Sth, at nine in the moriiing, we parted with the Trial and both the prizes. The •?6th, we faw the main land of Chili, This day we began to exercifc our people with fmall arms, which vas the firft time we had done it lince wc cartie into thofe feas, arid which wc continued at all proper opportunities dui-ing the voyage. On the I ft of Odobcr, we came in fight of the high land of Valparaifo, bearing N. E. half E^ at thediftanc<; of about t4 leagues. This city lies in the latitude of 32 deg. 58 min. S. its Ionc;itiide from London is by my account 80 deg. 37 min. W. On the 5th, the Commodore, being informed that there were murmuriiigs amongft the people, becaufe the prize-money was not immediately divided, ordered the articles of war to be read ; and after that remon* ftrated to them on the danger of mutiny, and faid he had heard the reafon of their difcontcnt, but allured them their properties were fccurcd by atft of parlia- ment as -firmly as any one's own inheritance, and that the money, plate, &c. were weighed and marked in* public J fo that any capable perfon, if he picafcd, might take an inventory of the whole. He then read an account of the particulars, and told them they might (if they pleafed) make choice of any perfbn to take an inventory for them, or buy their parts. This Iprcad a vifible joy; and gave content to every oni. We con- tinued cruiiing oft' the coaft of Valparaifo till the 8th, when at twelve at night we broke the-miirt-top-fail- yard in the flings, on which we unbent the top-fail and got down the broken yard. At ten in the morning we faw the high land of Choapa, and over it the Cordillera mount.iins, being part of that long ridge of mountains called the Andes, which rim from one end of South America to the other, appearing exccf- lively high, with their tops covei-cd with fnow,° The 14th, we crofTed the fouth Tropic to the north- ward, and from this,tinle, till we were fome degrees to the northward of the Equator, met with nothing but fair weather and a fmooth fea. The 21ft, at noon, the hif;h land of Mbrro Quemado bore E. by N. at the diftance of four leagues ; and here wc continued cruifing otf and on till Nov. 2, wlien about fix in the morning, we faw two fail of fliips ftanding towards us ; upon which wc made a clear ftiip, and immediately gave them ehace, when wc foon perceived that they were the Trial and Centurion prizes. As we had the wind of them, we brought to, and waited their coming up, when Captain Saunders' came on board, and acquainted the Commodore that he had clearird the Trial purfuant to his orders, and having fci!ittled her, he remained by her till flic funk; but tha: it was not till the 4th of 0(5lober before this was efltded, by reafon of the great fwell and hollow fea; that, during his attendance on the floop, they were all driven fo far to leeward, that they were after- wards obliged 16 ftretch i long way to the weft ward, to regain the ground they had loft j that in their cruife they had met ho prize, nor had fcen any veflij on aU the coaft. November the 3rd, at five in the evening, the ifland of Afia, in latitude 13 deg. 5 min, " • • ■ 43 min. W. bore from us " leagues. The «h, at four in the evening, we faw the high land of Barranca, bearing N. E. by E. diftant ci^t or nine leagues ; and half an hour after we faw a fail io the northward, to whom wc gave chacc, and cleared our fliip for engaging. At ten in the evening wc came up with her, fired eight guns, and took her. She came from Guaiaquil, and was bound for Callao, with timber. min. S. longitude 84 dtg, N. E. by E. diftance five / 1. 'i 1 1 1' '■ ^ t ?l 1 ;.. 1 "i'M 348 Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANSO N's timber, cocoa, cordage, tobacco, cocoa-nuts, and a fmall trunk with bale goods; all of little value to us, though a very coniiderable lofs to the Spaniards. She was called the Santa Terefa, commanded by Don Bar- folo Urrunaga, with between 30 and 40 people on board, uaflengers included, and five or fix women, be- iides children. Our third lieutenant, two other officers, and a party of failors, were fent on board to command and taKc care of her ; and our other prizes being far a-ftcrn, occaiioned by our chafing this (hip, we lay by till four the next morning, and fired a gun every hour as a fignal for their joining us. This day I find, by the dinerence of our dead reckoning and obfervations, a current to fet along this coall to the northward of near a mile an hour. The 7th, we were employed in getting aboard feve- ral necciTary (lores, as planks, cordage, and the like, from our lad prize, for the ufe of the fquadron. The fea here appeared for feveral miles of a blood-red colour, which the prifoners informed us was common in thofe parts. This day we found aboard the prize, in fpecie and plate, 50 pounds averdupois weight. The 9th, we brought from onboard the Terefa 10 fcrons of cocoa, one of wax, and 1 80 fathom of three and a half rope. The loth, we brought from on board our fir(V prize the Carmclo^the following goods, viz. cloth two bales, bays five ditto, fugar 1 82 loaves, flraw mats two, tar one (kin, raifins three bales, indigo four ferons, cotton cloth one bale, hats two cafes, and 25 loofe ones, (kins one parcel, chocolate one bag, camlet one bale and two parcels, filks one box, lead four pigs, and combs one fmall parcel. The 1 2th, at five in the morning, we faw a fail, to which we gave chace ; but there being very little winH, we manned and armed our barge, pinnace, and the Trial's pinnace, and fcni. them to take her, and at eight they boarded and took her, and brought her to us at half an hour pa(t ten. She was called the Carman, commanded by Signior Marcus Marina, and came out of Payta the day before, bound to Callao, laden with iron and cloth, being a very valuable cargo. We found on board an Irilhman, named John Williams, who pretended hinifelf a priloner amongft them, and with much feeming joy entered with us. He inform- ed us, that, aniongll other (hips in the port of Payta, they lift in the road a bark which was taking in 4©o.ooo dollars, wkh which (he would fail for Panama in a day or two at fartheft ; and the Spani(h prifoners being examined, and confirming the intelligence, and farther giving fonie account of the ftrength ef the place, the Commodore refolved to atuck it this very night, and made preparations accordingly. Mr. Thomas Simmers, mate of our (hip, with one mid- (hipman and about 10 or 11 men, were fent to com- mand and take care of this laft prize. At four in the afternoon. Point Nonura boreE. by S. halfS. difiant eight leagues. At ten at night, 'we fent our barge, pinnace, and Trial'spinnace, to attack the town of Pa) ta by furprizc. They had 49 men well armed, and « ere commanded by the lieutenants Brett, Dennis, and Hughes, who had orders, if polTible, to fecurc the governor oi Payta, and fend him prifoner on board, in order by that means to procure a fupply of provifions, and a ranfom for the town. Half an hour alter eleven we founded, and found 43 fathom water, the ground mud, the ifland of Lobos bearing N. N. E. at the didance of three or four miles. At feven in the loom- ing. Point Onado, being the point that forms the bay of Payta. bore S. S. h. two miles didant; and the fwn of Payta at the fanie time began to open in a dired line with it, difiant about four miles; foon after which we faw oiir Britifli coloun flying on the caltle. At ten the Trial's boat came on board, loaded with gpld and filver, com, wrought plate, jewels, and rich mbvetbles. They informed us, that they took the town about two in the morning ; and that, though the Spaniaids had fomc time bctore been apprized of our intenti they yet made a very faint refifiance, having fired but two guns from their caftle before our men landed, and a few fmall arms afterwards, when they all quitted the town with the greatefi precipitation. The governor and his family made their efcape in fo much nafie, that his lady was handed out of a window with no other cloths to cover her but her (hi ft. All the in- habitants fled in the like confufion, except fome negro women and children. In this adion we loll one man, Peter Obrian, the Commodore's Reward, who was (hot through the breaft by a mufquct-ball ; and had two wounded, to wit, Arthur Lu(k, a quartcr-mafier, and the Spanilh pilot of the Terefa, whom we had made ufc of as a guide; the firll through the flelhy part of the arm near the (houlder, the fecond through the wrifi, but neither dangcroufly: and I have had it reported from fcvcral officers then on (horc, that our men ran to the attack, and fired in fo irregular a manner, that it was, and ftill remains a doubt, whether tholt were not fliot by our people rather than by the enemy. The town of Payta, a: the time of the attack, had a fort with eight guns mounted, which commanded the town and harbour; and the balcony of the governor's houfe, which again commanded that fort, together with feveral other houfes, was lined with armed men, of which there might be about 400 in the town ; but thcfe people having enjoyed a long peace, and being ener- vated by the luxury fo cuftomary in thofe parts, their arms in a bad condition, and no perfon of experience or courage to head them, it is no wonder that they made fo fmall a refiftance, and were all driven out of the town in lefs than half an hour by only 49 men ; but I believe the noife of two drums which we made ufc •f, together with the fuddennefs of the furprizc. contributed to intimidate them, and faciliuted our fuccefs. On our getting polTeflion of the cadle, our com- manding ofiicer very inconfiderately ordered the guns to be thrown over the walls, which accordingly was executed; but fome time after refjedling on the ill confequcnce which might attend that proceeding, he ordered two of them to be got up and re- mounted. At eleven our barge came on board, loaded with money, plate, and jewels. This town contains abouc 1 40 or 1 50 houfes; there are in it two churches, which, together with the governor's houfe and cadle, are the only remarkable buildings. There arc feveral large dore-houfes full of rich European, Afian, and American goods, all which were dedroyed when we fet the town on fire ; of which in its place. The town lies in lati- tude 5 deg. 3 min. S. and longitude from London 88 dcg. 48 min. W. This afternoon we einployed our- fclves in getting off the plunder, and provifions of hogs and fowls, whic-h were here in great plenty. In the even- ing we anchored in 10 fathom water, the town bearing from us S. by E. half E. at about three miles difiancc, not being able to' get farther in, by rcafon of the flaws of wind from off the land. From this time to the i jth, we were employed in getting on board the plunder, which chiefly confided of rich brocades, laced cloaths, bales of fine linens aiTd woollens, Britannia's, flays, and the like ; together with a great number of hogs, lome (hcep and fowls, cafes of Spanifli brandies and wines, a great quantity of onions, olives, fwect-meats, and many other things too tedious to name, all which the failors hoped would have been equally divided among the (hip's companies, but they found themfelves difappointed. We found in the road, one. (hip, two fnows, one fchooner, and two quarter-gallies, all which we took poirelTion of. The 1 4th, in the morning, ve faw a bark-log, as they call it, being a fort of raft made of liie dumps of trees fadened toother, overlaid with poles, and covered with fmall twigs twided mat-wife, with feveral people in her coming along (horc from the fouthward. She had a fort of mad and fail in her, and at fird fight we knew not what to make of her ; and none of our own boats being on board, «« fent the VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 349 the Carmen's boat, with Mr. Langdon. a midlhipman, who commanded in the Tecond place on board that (hip, and fome armed people, to puHuc them, who perceiving it put on fhprc, and niadc their efcape over the rocks. Mr. Langdon took thbir bark-log. which he found to be laden with dried fifli, which we fuppofc they were carrying to Piyta for a market. This evening the Spaniards, who had all along appeared in great numbers from the hills, And were now confidcr- ably increafcd, making a (hew of warlike preparations, as if they defigned in the night to attack our people in the town, they thereupon barricaded the ftrccts, and kept very ftri^ watches, to prevent a furprizc. Several negroes delivered themfclves up, defiring to be made prifoncrs, that they might have fome food, and more cfpecially water, to keep them from perifliing ; for the country thereabouts being for many miles round quite barren and f.indy, without either water or any other thing ncccflary for life, and the neareft town to them, named as I think^Sancu Cruz, whence relief might be got, being a day and a half or two days journey off, the people who had left the town were in a ftarving condition, and we had melancholy accounts of feveral dying among them for want chiefly of water during our fmall ftay s and yet fo greatly were they infatuated or frightened, that they never oftered to treat for the ranfom of the place, which if they had done, 1 believe it would not have been deftroyed ; in which cafe, they might have fecured to thcmfdves not only their habitations, but provifions and water enough (till they could have got a frefh recruit), -which we (hould on that condition have readily left them. The town feems to be very unhappily fituated on that and fome other accounts, they having no water but what iM brought them by land-carriage from feveral leagues off; fo that they are obliged to keep very con- liderable quantities by them in earthen jars, not only for their own ufe, but for the (hips who frequently touch here, where they likcwife often unload, and take iiffrefli cargoes. They are in the fame cafe as to grain, bread, and almoft all other neccflaries of life ; and lie fo open to an enemy, that the town has been often taken and ruined by the Englifh, Dutch, and French ; all which Inconveniences, one would imagine, fliould tempt therti to change their fttuation : but then the conveniency of their trade is fo great, being the only f roper place they can pitch on for a mart between anama and Peru, that thev prefer this lucrative con- venience to all other confiderations. Aowng the flaves who had dcfired to be entertained in our fervice, was one, who, having been a flave in i Jamaica, had on the death of his mailer obtained his iberty, and thereupon entered himfelf a fervont to one of the South Sea Company's h&ors, whom he accom- panied to Porto Bcllo and Panama, and there got into the fervice of a Spanifh gentleman, who took a great ikncy to him, and with whom he went to Lima in in Peru, where this mailer likewife dying left hihfi a very confiderable legacy ; but the power being liow ill the hands of his executors, they not only defraudfcd him df this legacy, but made him a flave a focond time. He was now at Payta with one of his neW mafters, «n his pafla^ from Lima to Panama, when he took this opportunity to come over to us; ind being a very handy fellow, and accuftomed to wait on gentlemen, he was immediately taken into the Comrtiodorc's fer- vice, came with us into England, and, I believe, con- tinued with him till his death. This petfon gave us fome information of the deflgns of the Spaniards on fliorc, and told us we had killed one or two of them, and wounded feveral others; but this account was never, that I know of, fiirther confirmed. The isth, in the morning, we fent on (hore all our Spanifh, and feveral of our Ihdian prifoners, keeping all the blacks and foitie of the Indians, to afTiA in wotkiiu; the fliips, 8ec< To the blacks, who were all ormoftofthem flaves, was promifcd their liberty in Engbtid, in cafe they would ftand by and aflill us N». 43. againlt our enemies the Spaniards ; which they all pro- mifed very cordially : but we could foon difcuver, that, notwtthftanding their feeming condefcenflonj moll of them would have much rather continued in the fervice of their old mailers, than fail to accept of liberty with us ; not that I believe thofe people were in love with flavcry, or would not willingly have had their liberty, but then it mufl be on their own terttis, the Spaniards in thofe parts being in great awe of the Indians^ whom, though they have lubdued, and feem to have incorporated among them, they dare not truft, but keep thefc blacks as guards, and ufe thejn well. The truth is, thofe Indians have^Qill preferved, by tradition from father to fon, the tnettiory of the great cruelties which the firft Spaniards extrcifed in thofe parts, and ard angry enough at their prefent hard ufage. They look on themfelves as the natural lords of the country, and the Spaniards as covetous intruders,' and cruel in- human tyrants ; and want only opportunity to make them fenlible of their refenttnent, and to recover their loft country and liberty. 'Tts on this account that the Spaniards are very kind to their black flaves, whoiii they cherilh and encourage highly^ and look on them in the fame light of a ftanding militia, always read/ to arm againft thofe Indiaiiii; fo that, though thener groes in all other plantations iH theWeft Indies ar I cannot but think their valuation fbflicientiy moderate. As to ourfelVe^, the acquifttion we made, tKoubK int confiderable in comparifon of what we deftroyed, was yet far from defpicable ; for the wrought plate, dollars^ and other coin, .which fell into our hands, amounted to upwards of 30,000!. befidcs feveral rings, bracelets, and jewels, whole intriiiflc value wecoUld not then eflimatei and over and above ail this, the plunder, which be- came the property of the immediate captors, vat Very gteii ; fo that, upon the whole, it was by much the mbft imporunt booty we met with upon thai coaftt There remains ftill another iMtter tb be related^ which on account of the fignal honour which our na^ tional chanufter in thofe parts has thence received, and the reputation which our Commodore in paiticulaf h4s thereby acquired, merits a diftini5l and circumftana. tial difcultion. I haVe already obferVed, that all the prifoners taken by uk, were, before our departure, put on (hore, and difcharged, amongft whom there were fome pcrfons of confiderable diftirtdHoti; efpeciall^ %. youth of about I'j years ttf age, fon of the V^ce-prefu dent of the Council of Chili. As the barbarity of th« buccaniers, and the artful Ules the ecclefiaftics had made of it, had filled the natives of thofe countries 4T witu : i!. I I] ;1 3JC Commodore (afterwards Lord) ANi^O N's 1 i li with the moft terrible ideas bf Englifti cruelty, wc always found our prifoners, at their firft coining on board us, to be extremely dejcAed, and under great horror and anxiety; particularly this youth, who„ having never been fionn home before, lamented his captivity in the moft moving manner,, regretting, in very plaintive terms, his parents, his brothers, his; fifters, and his native country t of alt which, he was! folly perfuaded. he had taken his lad farewd, believingi that he was now devoted for the remaining part of his; life to an abjed and cruel fervitude. Indeed, his! companions on tmard, and all the Spaniards that came: into our power, had the fame defpondihg opinion ofj their fituation. Mr. Anfon conftantly exerted his, utmolt endeavours to efface thofe terrifying imprcf- fionsthey had received of us, always taking care, that as many of the principal people among them as there was room for fliould dine at his table by turns ; and giving the nioft peremptory orders, too, that they flioula always be treated with the utmoft decenc]^ and humanity : but, notwithftanding this precaution, it was generally obferved, that for the nrft day or two they did not quit their fears, fufpcding the gentlenefs of their ulage to be only preparatory to fortie unthought of ca- lamity. However, being at length convinced of our fincerity, they grew perfcdlly eafy in their fituation, and remarkably chearful; fo that it was often difputa- ble, whether or no they confidercd their beinz detained by us as a misfortune : for the youth I have aBove ver- tioned, who was near two months on board us, had at lad fo far conquered his melancholy furm>fes, and had taken fuch an aifoflion to Mr. Anfon, that it is doubt- ful tome, whether, if his own opinion had been alkcd, he would not have preferred a voyage to England in the Centurion, to the being fet on more at Payta, where he was at liberty to return to his country and friends. This condutft of the Commodore to his prifoners, which was continued without ir^terruption or devia- tion,'gave them all the highcft idea of his humanity and benevolence, and occafioned thtfm, likewife, (as man- kind arc fond of forming general opinions^ to enter- tain very favourable thoughts of tnc whole Englifh ■ation. But whatever they might be difpofed to thin|c j of Mr, Anfon before the capture of the Tercfa, thejr ; veneration for him was prodigioufly incr^ed by his conduft towards the ladies whom he took in that veflcl; for, being informed that there were among them a mother and two daughters of exquifite beauty, who were of quality, he not only gave orders th^t they fhould be left in full polFeflion of their own apartments, but alfo forbid, on the fevered penalties, any of the common people on board from approaching them ; anc^> that they might be the more certam of having thefe or- ders complied with.orof having the means ofcomplain- ingif they were not, he permitted the t>ilot, who in Spa- nim (hips is generally the fecond perfon on board, today with them as a guaidian and protc^or. Thefe were mesdures that fcemed fo different from what might have been expeded from an enemy and an heretic, that the Spaniards on board, though they had them- felvcs experienced his beneficence, were furprized at this new inda.'. ~e of it s and the more fo^ as all this was done without folicitatitm, and without the Interpol fition of one' frknd to intercede ih their Tavour. The kdies were fo lenlible of the oUigations they owed him for the care and attention with which he proteded them, that they abfolutely refufed to go on fhore at I^yta, tiU they had been permitted to wait on him on board the Ceaturion to return him thanks in perfon. Indeed, all the prifoners left us with the drongcd afliinnces of their grateful remembrance of his un- common treatment: a jefuit, in particuhir, whom thie Ctnntnodore had taken, and who was «h cfcclefiadit; of fbme (UAindion, could not help expreflins himfetf with great tljankfolncfs for the civilities he and his country- men had found on board, declaring that he fliould confiderit as his duty to do Mr. Anfbnju(H(^ea;«ll timti, addioig that his ufiige of the nieii |>rifoiiers was - i '' ' '' '' \ ' ' fuch as could never be forgotten, and fuch as he fhould neyer fail to ackirawlrage upon all occalsoos ; but that hit behaviour to the l^iiei was fo extraonii- nary, aod fo exticinely honourible. that he doubted if all the r^rd due to. his own ecdefiadical char»£ter would be fufficient to render it credible. Indeed, we were afterwards informed, that he and the red of our prifoners had not been filent on this head; but that, both at Lima and at other places, they had given t^c great,ed encomiums to our Commodore ; that the jefuit, in particular, as we were told, on his account, interpretied in a lax: and hypothetical fenfe, that artidc of his church whid^aiferu the impolfibility of heretics being faved. But to return : After wc (lad finilhcd our bufinefs, fet the towtt id flames, and got the traifore on board, Mr. Brett, the oihcer whocommfinded the attack, having colleded l^s men together, was direding his march towards the beach where the boats waitra to take them on board, when the Spaniards on the hill behind the town, ob- ferving hjs retreat, refolved to try if they could not precipitate his departure, and thereby lay Ibmc founda- tion for future boading. To this end a party of horfe, all picfwed men lingled out for this daring cntcrprize, marched down the hill with much fccming refolution j fo that, had we not entertained a jud opinion of tiieir prowcfs, we might have imagined, that, now wc we.-x: upon the open beach, with no advantages of lituation, they uould certainly have chai^d us: but wc pre- fumed, and we were not midaken. that ail this was mereo(lentation; tor, nqtwithdanding the pomp and parade they at fird came on with, Mr. Brett had no fooncr ordered his men to halt and &ce about, than the eneniy dopt their career, and never dared to advance a dep father. When our people arrived at their boats and were ready to go on board, they were for fomc time retarded by miffing one of their number ; and being unable, oo their mutual enquiries amoi\g each other, to inforai thcmfelves where he was left, or by what accident de- tained, they, after a confiderable delay, refolved to get into their boats and to depart without him : but whea the lad man was actually embarked, and the boau were jud puttingoff. they heard him callingto them to take him in. The place was fay this time fo thoroughly on fire, and the fmoke covered the beach fo edec* tually, that they could fcarcely difcern him, though they Iptard his voice. However, the Lieutenant indantly ordiered one of th^ boats to his relief, who found him up to the chin in water, ibr he had waded as far as he durd, being extremely frightened with the apprchenfiops of falling into the hands of an enemy, enraged, as they doubtlcis were, at the pillage and dedrudion of their town. Qn enquiring into the caufe of his daying behind, it was found that he had Eken that mornipg too large a dpfe of brandy, which id thrown him into fo found a deep, that he did not awake till the fire cam^ near enough to fcorch him.. He was drangdy amazed, at fird opening his eyes, to fee the houln on a blaze on one fide, ^d feveral Spaniards and Indians not far from him olt the other. Thegreatnefs and fuddennefs of his fright -indantly reduced him into a dace of fobriety. and gave him. fufficient prcfence of mind to pufh throggh the thickeft of the dnoke, as thelikdied means to cfcapcthe enemy; aiid, making the bed of his way to the beach, he ran as far into the water as he durd (for he couldnot fwim), before he ventured to look back. By thp time our people had helped their comrade out of the water, and were making the bed of their ' way to the fquadion, the flames had taken pofleflion of every part of the town, and burnt fo furioufly, both by means of the combudibles that had been didnbuted- for that purpofe, and by the llightnefs of the materials of which the houfes were compofed.and their aptitude , tp take fire, that it wat fuflicicntly amj^rent no efforts of the enemy (though they flocked down in g.ce«it . nymbers) could pofTibly put a d<^ to it, or pqevofit the entire deiirudion of th-^ place, and all thenwtr«t cb4n,4iv 'i>,^^^?.^:\ ''* ^^ ; y^ "< ■M- ■s ■ ^ z^'^^^lw (~'*'-4»,»*,».> li^ii^ i*.. I .''•r*'' .■.-'' jl' J ^ ^m,^ '-9.. .-. V 'I hi ■i 1w I \( I I M i I; ^ ^ ^ GO O 4 ' VOYAGE ROUND the V/ O R L P. 35' chandizecontiined therein. Mr. Brett had the curio fitjr todetineate iti« appearance, together with that of the fiiips in the harbowr- Ourdetachtncnt having now rafclyjoinedthcfquadron, the Commad6re prepared to leave the place the fame ' evening. At fcven, Ci a! lefs compufs, we to^k her in tow, and fee the rayta ' bark on fire with the fame view. The next cjay wc dedroyed the Sarita Tcrefa in the lame, manner, ' having got nut of thcni both fonic anchors^ cables, 'hawfers, yards, and'top-rtialls, blocks, bales of goods, and feveral other necenitiics. , The 1 7th, at three in the aflernoon, the Gloucefter, #tth a prize of hers iiji tow, joined us. This prize was Mded the Dtl;Ort), ahd was chiefly laden with wine; 'however, out ojf hei* and a frhall boat which they took going along fliore, they got. in gold, filvcr, and wrcWht plate, to amiut th6 value of 1 7 or 1 8,QOoL Tncfe , two were ail the prizCii the Gloucefter tOok in thufc ' feus. On boai|d this prize of the Gloucefter were two liorfes, which being, I fuppofe, fat, and probably better food than their fait becior pork, they killed and < eat thcm'i and this, I imagine, gave ground to that fiftion 'whidh one of the fpurious accounts of our voyage haa '^iven, of our eajgcrly hunting and eating WildnOrfes, whet;cas in reality vit never faw nor heard of a wild boHb during Our voyaec. ' The Grouce'ft^r had chaccd two or throe ih'ps which bjid e&aptfd heir, and pne of thoie touclied at Payra; and thoUjjh ^he^ could give no certain account that the ftiip which had chaccd them was an qnemy.yet the circiihlftances thty ^V6 were fo ftrong, that it put ttiepeop1e0f]'iiyt:l upon fecurihg their treafure, and the belt of their 6ffe£h, not caring to be to6 well provided fbf the.prafitorruchuKweicome vifitants. The 2t A, at half part five in the mornliig, we faw the ifland of PUta, io called (fom Sir Francis Drake's baving, at it ii faid, divided the treasure he took in the dotith Sea it this plACi^. ' At two this afternoon the port of Nfanta bb^|S. E. by E. diftant about eight or nine league^. Wt at this time fent fix months pro virion; on bo^rd tKc Garrnen ; and all the (hips had orders, irt (^afc of fepiration, for ftveral rendezvoufes on the doaft o^ MfcitiCo, or» in cafe of not meeting there, to mako the i«ft 61 tnei^ wav, to Macao, in China, wheft th(;y v^lilfi tdn^alt thi arrival of the Commo- dore. The I2rt'd. a: divlfldh \i'»a made of the plunder of Payta; and the Cothidbdbre riot appearing in that affair, ic was done at the pleafure, and to the entire rati$fac>ian, of five or fix (no doubt) very difinterefted officers; and, incle'cd. itbft things of this nature,, during thecourfe of tlie voyage being maniured with the fame dlfc ration a'rtd' honour, no room was left for cbmplainihg of particular pairtialities. Here, however, v/i cannot help re(harking a very confiderabl'e 4l^(refeitce' between the relation given by Pafcoe Thdtnik. and that given by Mr: Wi^ltersi the former haVirtg aflerted, that the Commddore' did not interfere in the diftribution ; the latter, that it was by his prudent management, that a jealoufy, which had arifen between tnore who were the real captors, and thofc who remained on board the (hip, was accom- nlodated. Mr. Walters' account will fet this matter in a trUe light'j " Arid" now, fays he, (while the (hips lay-to, in hopes of joining the Gloucefter) a jealouly, which had taken its rife iu Fayta, between thofc who had been commanded' on ftiore for the attack, and thofe wbo had* continued onboard, grewtofuch a height. that the Commodore, being made acquainted with it, thought it n .ccirary to intcrpofe his authority to op- pofe it. Tdc ground of this animoiity was the plunder gotten at Payta, which thofe who had aded on (hore had appropriated to t|iemfelves, conlidering it as a reward tor the rifqucs they had run. and the refolution they had fhewn in that fcrvice. But thofe whohad remained on board looked on this aa a very partial and unjuft procedure, urging, that, had it been left to their choice, they Ih9uld have preli:rrcd the acting on ihore to the . qontinui^g on board; that their duty while their com- rades were on (bore waa cxfromely fatiguing; for, be- fides the labour of the day, they were conftantly under arms all nieht, to fecur? the prifoners, whofe numbers exceeded tneir own, and of whom it was then necef- fary to bcextremely wacchfiil, to prevent any attempts they mignt have formed in that critical conjuncture: (hat, iijpojn the whole, it coijiU not be denied, but that the prufencc of a fuiHcient force oa board was as n«- (fertary t ) the fuccefsof the cntcrprizc. as the adion of ]the others on (hore; and, therefore, thofe who had continued on board maintained, that they could not be deprived of their Ihare of the plunder without manifeft Iniuftice. Thcfe were the contefts amongft ourmen, which were carried on with great. heat on both fides; a.nd, though the plunder in queftion was a very trifle in comparifon of the treafure taken in the place (in which there was no doubt but thofe on board had an eqiiil right), yet as the obftinacyof the failors is not always re^ulaccd b\' the importance of the matter in difputc, the Coinniodore thought it neceflkry to put a ftop to this ferment betimes. Accordingly, the moriiinij after our leaving Payta, he ordered all hands upon the quarter-deck, where addrefting himfelf to Inofc who had been detached on (hore, he conimended their bcHaviouV, and thanked them (or their fcrvices on that occafiun ; but then, reprefenting: to them the rca- foiis urged by thofe who had continued on board, for an equal diftribution of the plunder, he told them, that jic thought thcfe reaibns very conclulive, and that the expeilations of thqir comrades were juftly found^; and there .'jrej he infifted, tjiat, not only the men, but 9II the ofHcers likc\yife who had been employed in taking the place, ftiould produce the whole of their plunder immediately upon the quarter-deck, and that It fliould be impartially divided amongft the whole crew, in proportion to each man's . rank and commif. fion ; aod, to prev«;nt thofe who had been in poflelTion of the plunder from murmuring at this diminution of their mare, the Commodore added, that, as an en- courgemcnt to others who might be hereafter employed on like fervices, he would give his entire (hare to be diftributed amongft thofe who had been detached for the attack of the place. Thus, this troublelbme aflair, which, if permitted to have gone on, might, perhaps, have been attended with inifchievous confequences, was, by the Commodore's prudence, foon lippeafed, to the general (atisfaiflion of tnq (hip's company: not but there were fome few whofe felfifti difpofitions were un- influenced by the juftice of this procedure, and who were incapable of difcerning the force of equity, however glaring, when it tended to deprive them of any part ot what they had once got into their hands." j Being now joined by the Gloucefter and her prize, it was refolvcd that we (hould ftand to the northward, and make the bcft of our way either to (iipe St. Lucas on California, or to Cape Corientes on the coaft of Mexico. Indeed, the Commodore when at Juan Fer- nandez, had determined to touch in the neighbourhood of Panama, and to endeavour to get fome correfpon- dence over land with the fleet under the command of Admiral Vernon; for when we departed from England, we left a large force at Portfmouth, v\ hich was intended to be fent to the Weft Indies, there to be employed in an expedition againft fome of the Spanifh fettlements. And Mr. Anion, taking ir for granted that this enter- prize had fuccceded, and that Porto Bello perhaps ■ might 1 I ^A 'Xi m ;« I .i. 1 k 3S'i Commodore ( afterwards Lord) ANSON 's I' I J' might be then ^rrifoncd by I)riti(h troopi, he hoped that, on his arrival at the iflhmui, he fhould cafily pro- cure an intercourfc with our countrymen on the other tide, cither by the Indians, who were greatly difpofed in (Mir favour, or even by the Spaniards thcmfelvcs, fomc of whom for proper rewards might be induced to carry on this inteltigrncei which, alter it was once begun, might be continued with vcr^ httic difiicultvt fo that Mr. Anron flattered himfelt, that he might by this means have received a reiiitbicetncnt of men from the other fulr, and that, by fettling a prudent plan of opera- tions with our Commanders in the Weft Indies, he might have taken even Finama icfelf, which would have given to the Britifh nation the poflcflion of that inhmus, whereby we fliould have been in eft'eift mailers of all the treafures of Peru. Such were the proje(!is which the Commodore re- volved in his thoughts, at the iQand of Juan Fernandez, notwichllanding the feeble condition to which he was then reduced i but in examining the papers w hich were found on board the Carmelo, the firft prize we took, we learned, that our attempts againit Carthagena had friilcd, and that there was no probability that our fleet in that part of the world would engage in any new entcrpn7.c that would at all facilitate this plan. Mr. Anfon therefore gave ovt5r all ho|ies of being reinforced acrofs the iflhmus. and confequcntly had no induce, mcnt at prefcnt to proceed to Panama, as he was in> capable of attacking the place, and there was great rcafon to believe that, by this time, there was a general embargo on all the coau. The only fcafible meafure, then, which was left us. was to (leer as fcon as poflible to the fouthern parts of California, or to the adjacent coafl of Mexico, there to cruife for the Manilla galleon, which we knew was now at fea. bound to the port ofAcapulco; and we doubted not but to get on that (lation time enough to intercept her: but there was a bufinefs which v c foreiaw would occafionfome delay, and that was the recruiting our water, it being impoffiblc to think of venturing upon this pafCige to the coad of Mexico till wc had procured a frclh (upply. It was for fome time a matter of deliberation, wncre wc (hould take in this necclfary article t but, by confulting the accounts of former navigators, and examining our prifoncrs, wc at lail refolved tor the ifland of Quibo, lituatcd at the mouth of the bay of Panama. Nor was it but ongood grounds that the Commodore conceived this to be the propercfl place for watering the fquadron. IndeCk!, there wasa fmall ifland called Cocos, which was icfsout of our way thanQuibo, where fome of the buccaniers had nretcnded to find water; but none of our prifoncrs knew any thing of it, and it was thought too danger- ous to riiquc the fafcty of the fquadron, by expoung ourfelves to the hazard of not meeting with water when wc came there, on the mere authority of thofc legendary writers, of whofe mifreprcfentations and fallities we had almofl daily experience. Determined, therefore, to take in water at Quibo, wc diredled our courfc northward, being eight fail in company, and confequcntly having the appearance of a very formi- dable fleet; and on the 19th, at day-break, wc dif- covered (ape Blanco, bearing S. S. E. half E. feven miles diftant. By thui time we found that our lafl prize, the Solidad, was far from anfwering the charader given of her as a good failer ; and flic and the Santa I'ercfa delaying usconflderably, the Commodore com- manded them to be cleared of^ every thing that might prove ufcful to the reft of ttie (hips, and then to be burnt. And having given proper inftrudlions, and ap- pointed a rendezvous to the Gloucefter, and to tnc !>rize8, in cafe of feparation, we pnx^ceded in our courfe or Quibo. On the 35 th, Point Manta bore S. E. by E. at fevcn miles diftance, and there being a town of the fame name in the neighbourhood. Captain Mitchell in the Gloucefter took the opportunity of fetting on (horc feveral of his prifoncrs. The boats Verc now daily employed in diftributing provifions on board the I prizes, to complcat their ftock for fix months ; and that the Centurion might be the better prepared to give the Manilla (hip a warm reception, it happily (he (liould fall in ♦mr way, the carpenters were ordered to fix eight ftocks on the main and fore tops, which were properly fitted for the mounting of fwivcl guns. On the 25th, wc had fight of the iflanc'. of Gallo; and from hence we crolTcd the bay of Panama, (haping our courfc in a dired line for Quibo. Here we found, in a few days, a verv confiderablc alteration in the climate; for, inftead of that uniform temperature where neither the excefs of heat or cold was prevalent, we had now clofe and fultry weather, like that we met with on the coaft of Brazil. We had, betides, frequent calms and heavy rains, which wc at firft afcribed to the neighbourhood of the line, where this kind of weather is obferved to obtain at all feafonsofthe year; but, finding that it attended us for more than (even degrees of north latitude, we began to fufped that the ftormy fcafon, or, as the Spaniards call it. the Vande- wals, was not yet pall ; though many writers, particu- larly Captain Sheivock, alFert, that this feafon begins in June, and ends in November: but, perhaps, iu end may not be always regular. On the 27th, Captain Mitchell having cleared his targeft prize, (lie was likewifc fet on fire ; and now our fleet confided only of five (hips, and wc were fortunate enough to find, them all good failcrs. On the 3rd of December we had a view of the ifland of Quibo, the caft end of which bore from us N. N. W. four leagues diflanr, and the ifland of Qiiicara W. N. W. at about the fame diftance. When we had thus got fight of land, wc found the wind to hang wefterly ; and there- fore, night coming on, we thuugnt it advifable to ftand off till morning, as there are faid to be fomc (hoals at the entrance of the channel. At fix the next morning. Point Marrato bore N. E. half N. three or four leagues diftant. In weathering this point, all the fquadron, except the Ccnturirn, were very near it; and the Gloucefter, being the lecward-moft (hip. was forced to tack and ftand to the fouthward ; fo that we loft fight of her; and, thewind proving unfavourable, we faw her no more till we quitted the ifland. At feven in the evening we anchored in the Canal Bucno. or Good Channel, which is at leaft fix miles in breadth, muddy ground. Next morning an oflRcer was difpatched on more to difcover the watering-place, who, having found it, returned before noon ; and then we fent our long- boat for a load of water, and at the fame time weighed, and ftood further in with our (hips, for the convenience of being foonerfupplied; fothat wc were little more than two days in laying in all the wood and water we wanted. Whilft the (hip continued here at anchor, the Commodore, attendeo by fome of his officers, went in a boat to examine a bay which lay' to the northward, and they afterwards ranged all along the caftcrn fide of the ifland. In the places where they put on fliorc, in the courfc of this expedition, they generally found the foil to be rich, and met with great plenty of ex- cellent water. In particular, near the north-eaft point of the ifland, th(fy difcovercd a natural cafcade, which furpa(rcd, as they conceived, every thing of this kind which human art had ever yet produced. It was a river of tranfparent water, about 40 yards wide, which rolled down a declivity of near 1 50 feet in length. The channel itfelf was very irregular, intircly com- pofed of rocks, both its fides and bottom being made up of large detached blocks,and by thefe thecourfcof the water was frequently interrupted ; for in fome parts it ran (loping with a rapid but uniform motion, whilft ia others it tumbled over ledges of rocks with a perpen- dicular defcent. On the neighbourhood of this ftream was a fine wood; and even the huge mafTes of rock which ovcr-hting the Water, and which by their various projedlions formed the inequalities of the channel, were covered with lofty for but the wind, being contrary, detained us ■ night I and the next day, when we had gained an offing, while we were hovering about in hopes of get- ting ught of the Gloucclkr, we on the 20th dcfccrncd a mialTfail to the northward of us, to which wc gave chace, and coming up with her took her. She proved to be a bark from Panama, called the Jcfu Nazareno, laden with oakum, rock fait, and a fmall quantity of money to purchafe a caigo of provifions at Cheripe, an inconltdenble village on the continent, which, however, has a good nurket, from whence future voy- agers, in cafe of necefllty nuy be plentifully fupplicd. On the 1 3th of September we joined the Glouccftcr. who informed us, that, in tacking to the fouthward, on her firft approach towards the iiiand, die had fprung her ibre-top-mall, which had difablcd her from work- ing to windward, and prevented her from Joining us fooner. Wc now fcuttled and funk the Jcfu Naza- leno, and, on the 1 2th of December, ftood to the well- ward, having previoufly delivered frelh inftrudions for the conduct of the licet. We had now little doubt of arriving foon enough upon our intended ftation, as wc cxpedled, upon the increafing our offing from Quibo, to fall in with the regular trade-wind : but, to our ex- treme vexation, we were baffled for near a month, fo that it was the 35 th of December before we faw the ifland of Cocos, which, according to ixir reckoning, was only 100 leagues from the continent, and even then wc had the mortification to make lb little way, that we did not lofe fight of that ifland again in five days. This ifland wc found to be in the lat. of 5 dcg. 20 min. N. Wc had flattered ourfclves, that the uncertain and wcftcrn calcs wc met with were owing to the neigh- bourhood of the continent, from which as wc got more dillant, we hoped to be relieved by falling in with the caftem trade-wind ; but in this too bcingdifappointcd, wc began at length to defpair of the great pu rpolc wc had in view. This produced a generaldcjection among us, as wchad at iirft confidered me projeaas almofl infallible, and had indulged ourfclves inthemoflboundlefs hopes of the advantages we (hould thence receive. However, ourdefpondency was,infbme meafurc.alleviatcd by a fa- vourable change of the wind ; and, as we now advanced a-pace towards our ftation, our hopes began again to re- tive. On the 17th of Januaiy, we were advanced to the latitude of I3deg. 50 min. N. and, on the 36th of January, finding ourfclves to the northward of Aca* puico, we uckedafld flood to the eaflward, with a view of making the land ; and we expedled by our reckon- ings, to have fallen in with it on the sSth, yet, though the weather was perfedly clear, we had no tign of it at fun-fet ; about ten at night we difcovered a light on the larboard bow, bearing from us N. N. £. and, loon after, the Trial's prize made the fignal for feeing a fail. As we had none of us any doubt but that what we faw was a fhip's light, we were all extremely animated with a firm perfuafion that it was the Manilla galleon, that had been fo long the objeA of our wiihcs. We immedi- ately caft off the Cannelo, and prefTed forward with all our canvas, making a fignal for the Gloucciler to do tficiame. Thus wc chafed the light, keeping all our hands at thdr refpedlivequanen, under an expectation irf' engaging within half an hour, as we fometinncs conceived the chace to be about a mile dillanc, •nd at other times to be within reach of our guns. In thisconfbuit and eager attention v. e continued allutight, '. Vo. 43* always prcfuming that another quarter of an hoiif^ would bring uH up to this Manilla (hip, whcifc wealth we now efhmatea at round millions! out, when day- light came, wc were moll vexatiouny difnp(Miintcd, by finding that the light which had occaftonal all chii ix- pcdandy, was only a fire on the fliofc. At fun-riling, afrcrthis mortifying dcliifion, we (bund ourfclves about nine leagues off land, extending from the N. W. to U. half N. On this lartd we dbfcrvcd two remarkable hammocks, which bore N. from us, and which a Spa-^ nilh pilot and two Indians afhrlncd to b<; over the har- bour of Acapulcd; butwc fo^rtdthcm cgivt;idiifly mif- takcn, thefc being in I7 deg. j6 rfiin. whereas Acapulco lies in 1 7 deg. only. Being now in the trick of the Manilla galleon, it was a doubt with us, as it was near the end of January, whether flie was or was not arrived : but, examining our prifoners about it, they affured Ijij, flic vias fomc- timcs known to come in after the middle of February j and they endeavoured to perfuadc us, that the fire we had feeft on (hore was a proof that (he was yet at lea, it being culloinary, as they faid, to lHakc ufc of thefc fires asfignalsfor hcrdircdion when flic continued out Ion.* gcr than ordinary. On this rcafoning of our prifoners, wc rcfolvcd to cruifc for her fome days, and m e accord- ingly fjprcad our fhips at the dillancc tifh, and l9bflers : and ve here, and in no other placet' met with that extraordinary fifh called the tor- p<5do,%hich^s in fhape very much refembling the fkU dle-fifh, and is obt^ difliiq^uifhed from it in appearance by a brown circular QfxH of about the bignels of a crtmm-piece, hear the center of iu back, litis iifh is, iticTKd,~of a mofl Tingular nature, benumbing who- ever touches it all over his body, but more paructilarly t|^ limb which happens to come in immediate contaA. with It. The fame effeifl. too, will be in fbme degree produced by touching the iifh with any thing held in 2 the hand 1 and it has lately been difcovered, that it nuy be communicated like the eie^ical ihock 10 a iaige circle, by means of a certain apparatus ^ch mora limple than that which is ufcd in cxperuncnta in elec- tricity. The animals which we met withonlhore werechieflv guanoes, with which the country abounds, and which are by fomc reckoned delicious food. We faw no beaft* of prey, except wc fhould cfleem that amphibi. ous creature the alligator as fuch, fevenl of which our nie difcovcrcd, but none of them very large. It . Dwever, certain, that there were sreat numbers of tygers in the woods, though none of them happened to nuke their appciirance while we rctiuiined upon the coafl. Parrots and pheafants were found in plentv, but by no means proper for food, being dry and uflelefs, though they were often killed and eaten, being by fome tKoiu[ht preferable to fait provifions. The papah, lime, and a litde four plumb, were all the fruiu the woods furnifhed, and of thefe there were but a fcanty portion 1 nor wu there any other ufeful ve- getable, except brook-lime, which, being eflcemed an antifcorbutic, was frequently eaten, though from iu bittcrnefs it was exceedingly unpalauble. While we lay at Chequetan, it was refolved, afler mature deliberation, to deflroy all our prizes, as the whole number of men on board our fquadron did not amount to the complement of a fourth-rate man-of- war. It was therefore judged mofl prudent to fet fire to the fhips, and to divide the men between the Cen- turion and Gloucefler, now preparing to fet fail for China. Befides the necefTary repairs for a voyage of fuch length, the removal of their flores and cargoes into the men-of-war took up fo much time, that it waa the end of April before wc were in a condition to leave the place. It fhould have been remarked, that, from this har- bour of Chequetan we difcovered but one pathway through the woods into the country 1 and as this was much beaten, wc were from that circumflance con- vinced, that it was not unfrequented by the natives. Aa it pafTed by the fpring-head, and wu the only ave- nue by which the Spaniards could approach to fur- prize us, we at fomc diflancc bevond the fpring-head felled feveral large trees, and laid them one upon ano- ther acrofs the path, and at this barricadoe we con- flantly kept a guard. We, hefides, ordered our men employed in watering, to have their arms always in readinefs, in cafeof an alarm, and to march infbmtly to this poll. And, though our principal intention herein wu to prevent our being diflurtied by the enemy's horfe, yet it anfwered another purpofe, which wu, to hinder our people from Uraeglmg fingly into the coun* try, where we had rcafon to Delieve they would be fur- prized by the Spaniards, who would doubtlefs be very folicitous to pick up fome of them, in hopes of getting inulligcnce of our future defigns. To avoid tnis in- convenience, the flridefl orders were given to the cen- tinels, to let no pcrlbn whatever pafs Myond this pofl ; but, notwithflanding this precaution, we mifled one Lewis Lwere, who wu the Commddore*k cook. As he was a Frenchman and a Roman Catholic, it wu at iirfl imasined thatiie had deferred with a view of be- trayine all that he knew to the enemy ; though this ap- peared, by the event, to be an ill-grounded furmife: for It wu afterwards known, that he had been uken by fome Indians, who carried him prifoner to Acapulco* from whence he wu tranfportcd to Mexico, and thence to Vera Cruz, where he wu fhif^wd on board a vefTel bound to Old Spain. But, the veflel being obliged, by fome accident, to put into Lifbon, Legere efcaped on fhore, and wu by the Britifh Conful fent from thence to England; where he gave the firfl authentic account of theiafcty of the Commodore, and of his principal tranfiiaions in the South Scu. The rebtion he gave of hit own feiture. wam that he rambled into the woods, at fbmediftanee from the bar- ricadoe where he had firfl atteimted to pafs, but had' been ftopt and thrcatmed to be punifliedt that his principal VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 35? tma/ laige more elec« hirfly vhich w no hJbi. Iiour It n of ned the v.bui felert, fome aU were 111 ve> led an Mil ita principal view wa* to gather a quantity of limci for hii inaftcr'i ftoraa i Mid that in (hi* occupation he wai fur. priiod unawaiea by fcur Indiam, whoftript him nakcU, and carried him in that condition to Acapulco, ci- pofed tothe icofckiHg heat of the fun. which at that time of the yetr (bone with ita greateft violence i thai afterwaida, at Mexico, hit treatment wa< fufficiently ftverei lb that the whole courfe of hit captivity was a continued inftanoe of the hatred which the Spaniardi beiur to all chofe who endeavour to diflurb them in the peaceable peflMTMM of the coafti of the South Seu. Indeed, Legere't fortune wu,UDon the whole, extremely fingulari as, after the hasardi ne had run in the Com- modore'* fquadron, and the fevcritiei he had fuffcrcd in hit loig confinement among the enemy, a more fa- tal difafter attended himonhii return to England t for though, when he arrived in London, fome of Mr. An- fon's fricdt intcredcd thcmfclvci in relieving him from the yoverty to which hii captivity had reduced him, yet he did not lungenioy the benefit of their hu- nunity, fince he wu killed in an infiKniikant night- brawl, thecaufeof which could fcarcciy ever be dif- cevered. When we were neceflitated to proceed to Cheaueun to recruit our water, the CoiDmodorc confidcred that tnir arrival in that harbour would foon be known at AoqNiicoi and therefore he hoped, that on the inteU liotnceofour being employed in that port, the nllcon might put to fea, efpecially ai Chequctan it To very remelte from the courfe generally fteercd by the gal- leona : he therefore ordered the cutter, at hat already been noticed, to cruife 34 dayt off the port of Aca- pulco, and her commander was direded, on iKrcciving the galleon under litil, to make the \xl\ of his way to the Commodore at Chequctan. Ai the Ceniurion wat certainly a much better failer than the galleon, Mr. AnfiNii m thit cafe, refolved to have got to fea at foon at pcrfGble, and to have purfucd the galleon acrofi the Fkcific Oceani however, the Viceroy of Mexico ruined thit proje«^ by detaining the galleon in port all the year. Towaidtthe latter end of April, all thing* being in readinelt for failing, the Centurion and Gloucrller weighed anchor i and, after having gained an ofling, the prixct were fet on (ire, and a canoe fixed 10 a <,^r.i^>- plein the middle of the harbour, with a boitlj in it, well corked, inctoling a letter to Mr. Hught s dia\ tin!.> him to go back immediately to hit former iKiuvn m- fore Acapulco. where he would find Mr. Anfou, wIk) refolved to cruife for him in that Ration fome days. Indeed, it wu no fmall mortificatioa to us, now we were at (ea, and the llormy feafon approaching, that we were detained by the abfencc of the cutter, and under a necelFity of ftanding towardt Acapulco in ftarch of her. At the time of licr cruize had been expired near a formight, we fufpedled that (he had been difcovercd from the fliorc, ano that the Governor of Acapulco had thereupon fent out a force to feize her; which, as fhe carriea but fix hands, was no very difficult enterprizc. However, thit being only conjcdure, the Commodore, aa foon at he was got clear of die harbour of Chequctan, ftood along the coall to the eaftward in fcarch of her ; and, to prevent her from pafTing byujs in the dark, we brought-to every night, and carried lights which the cutter could not but perceive. By the and of May we were advanced within three leagues of Acapulco t and having feen nothing of our boat, we gave her over for loft ; which, belides the companionate concern for our (hipmates, and for what it was apprehended the^ might have fuffered, wat in itfelf a nusfortune, which in our prefent fcarcity of handt we were greatly intercfted in s iincc the crew of die cuuer were, the flower of our people, .purpo(c« ly picked out for thit fervice, at known to be, every one of them, of tried and approved refolution, and at flcilful (eamcn as ever trod a deck. However, as it was the general belief among ut that they were uken and carried into Acapulco, the Commodore't prudence fuggefted a pn^edt which ve hoped wgula recover them. Thit wat (ijundcd on our htvinfr marty Spanifli and Indian prilbncrt on board, fome of tncm of Quality. The Commodore, therefore, wrote a letter to tne Cio- vernor of Acapulco, telling him, that he would rckafi: them all. provided ihc Ciuvcrhor returned the cutter'i crew, rliii letter was difpatchcd by a Spanifh olficeir, of whofc hohiHir we had a nigh opinion, and who waa furnillied with a launch belonging to one of our prizet, and a crew of Spaniards, wno gave their parole for their return. The Spanilh officer, too, belides the ConU modore'i letter, carried with him a joint petition, ligncd by all the red of the prifonert, befeeching the Governor to acquiefce in the terms propofed for their liberty. . But while we were thus contrivins their releafe, the centinel called out from the mad-nead. that he faw * boat under fail at a confidcrahlc diftance to the fouth.' eailward, which, to our unfpenkable joy, upon her ncatrr approach, we fouhd was our own cutter, the wan ana meagre countenances of whofe crew, thtf length of their beards, and the feeble and hollow tone of their voices, convinced us that they had futfered mu^h greater hardlhips than could be cxpeiflcd from even the feverities of a Spanifh prifon. The^ were obliged to be helped into the fhip, and were imme<* diately put to bed; where, by reft, and nourilhing diet, with which they were plentifully fupplied from the Commodore's table, they recovered their health and vigour. And now we learnt that they had kept the fea the whole time of their abfencc, which w.is above fix wtxkst that, when they had finiihed their cruife, and had Jiift begun to ply to the weftward, in order to join the fquadron, a ftrong adverfc current had forced them upwards of 80 leagues to leeward, where they found every where fo great a furf, that there was no poirihitity of landing ; that they palTed fome days in the moft dreadful lituation, without water, having no other means left them to aliav their thirft than fucking the blood of rhc turtles which they caught ; that at laft, giving up all hopes of fuccour, the heat of the climate too augmenting their necedities, and rendering theif fuffcrings infupportable, they abandoned thcmfclvet to defpair, fully perfuaded that they fhould penih by the moft terrible of all deaths ; but that foon after a molt unexpeded incident happily relieved them 1 for there fell lb heavy a rain, that, on fpreading their (ailt horizontally, and putting bullets in the centers of them, they caught as much water as tilled their cafitsi chat immediately upon thit fortunate fupply^ they l^ood to the weftward in qucft of the Commodoret a.id being now luckily favoured by a ftrong current, rhcy joined him in leH than 50 hourt from that time, after having becnabfent in the whole full 43 days. And now having, to our entire fatisfadion, got on board our people, and the feafon of the year for (ailing to Alia being tiir ^we found it too far) advanced, the Commodore refolved not to wait for any return front Acapulco, but gave ordert to equip two large prize launchet, to carry on (hore the Spanilh and Indian prifoners, both from ourfclvcs and the Glouccfter; and, having given them provifiont and all necclTaries for Panama, whither they intended to fail, about four in the evening they left ut. to the number of about 60 perfoni, having firft, though enemies, obfcrved the cuftom of feafaring people at parting, and wilhad ua a prafperous voyage. From the 6th of May., the day we took our depar-^ ture, we met with litde rctmurkable for above a tytoncb, except that the true trade.iwind, which it faid neverto fail at about 60 or 70 Icaguet from the (hore of Mexico at the farthcft, wat fo far from anfwcring our expedhM- tions, that we had nothiae bue oit)fs #inds, (qoalltk rain, thunder, and lighaniiik till .by accouiK we were 600 leagues to the weftwaroffAcapulcOr having l^eM above 40 dayt in^gcttinaifo far!.- v.The 9th, wc' found the forcroaft iprui^ in a wmgeiooc inanner, and thcit- upon fifhed and fccured it very ftrongly. The 32nd, in the evening, we fprung » leak, jmhiog I a inches water in a watc£» and on » fearch Aundrit I I * '•li 1.1 I I'i i 3J6 Com modor b (urterwurds Lord) ANSON'i i lobe on the larboard Ade, abml) the main hntch-way, and ntx quite under water. The tar|>enter» Awn llopt it with very little troublct Tht I iih of June, we found a current to fet to the filuthward, alvxit 14 miles a day, (uit cmild not dif- cover whethrr to th« eaft or »e(!, lor w.inf ofoppor- tunity to try it. lliii wai by accowind being yet fettled 1 thcfc con felf one of thole who were feverely afflidled in this latter manner, I (hall give fuch an account of its progrefs, as 1 found by experience in myfelf, and corroborated by the fimilar report of my fcllow.fulferers. I was (ir(t taken, about the beginning of this month, with a flight pain on the joint ofmy left great toe; but, having hurt that a little while before, I imagined it to be the eifedt of that hurt, and minded it the lefs — (but here I (hall ob- ferve, once for all, that if ever any part of the body had received a bruil'e, flrain, or contulion, if not perfectly cured, the fcurvy was fure to attack that part fir(l;) but, in a little time, a large black fpot api)earing on the part aflfcded, with very intenfe pains at the bone, gave mc to umterfland my cafe. 1 now took phylic often, by way of prevention, but to little purpofi: : Ccveral hard nodes now began to rife in my legs, thighs, and arms, and not only many more black fpots appeared in the fkin, but thofe fpread, till my legs and thighs were for the mod |)art as black as a ncgroe 1 and this accompanied with fuch cxccfiive pains in theioints of the knees, ancles, and toes, as 1 thouglit, before I experienced them, that human nature could never have fupported. Itticxt advanced to the mouth; all my teeth were prefently loofe, and my gums, over-charged with extravafated blood, fell down almolt quite over my teeth: this occalioned my breath to fmcU much, yet without a(fe£fcing my lungs i but, I believe, one week more at fea would have endf:d me; and lefs tnan a month more, alj the reft. One thing was very re- markable V O y A (i K ROUND the WORLD. .157 bene , with took. or nurkablf, and likw-wifi: univcrfiil, whirh wai, that, when ihc iliftcin|ier hail liir prcvitilnl, if the atllit'tai pcrfon lay quirt in hit hantimKk, he fcemed to he perledtiv well aiui heartV i btic, if he wai removed out of It. on tny neceliitx, ^' immedi.itely fliintrd •way I ami thia wm alwayi a furc lign of the party'* diflblution. Since our pcfTing Cape Horn, our fuftfeon, Menry Ettrick. who wa« a very good prachcul furgron, had been verv bufy in dif^elting a theory ot fcurviei, wherein ne enumerated many cafei very particularly, having been allowed to open and examine ai many bodie« ai were abundantly fufficicnt for that purpofe. Hi* fyltem wai principally grounded on the ohfcrva- I'tom made on a long palragc in a very culd climate. No took abundance ot paint to prove, by maily in- ftancci, that the tone of the hlooa wat broken by the cold nipping air, and rendered fo thin, aa to be unfit for circulation, or any other of the ufes of lifei and being thiit deprived of a proper force and vigour, OaK- nation and death mul) neceiTarily enfue. Fmm this fuppolttion, he had laid it down at an infallible rule, that food of a glutinous nature, fuch as fait fiOi, bread, and fcverai forti of grain, where alone proper on fuch voyages. A* for liquids, I know not which he had pitched on, at the inoft falutary, on this occafton. But thit paflagc, in a very hot climate, where the fymptoms were n<»t only more dreadful, but the mortality much more quirk and fatal, in proportion to the number of people, put our fchcming do<5tor to a fad non-plut: ne could not account for thit on the fame principles with the other; nay,thev muO he, in a manner, diame- trically oppofite. All this obliged him at i.il> (though he wat ftill endeavouring to reconcile contradidions), to own, that, though fome of the concurrent caufes of this difeafe were |>Iain enough, yet the grand caufe wu ceruinly the long continuance at fea^ or an entire fccreti and that no cure but the ihore would ever be effeduai. The Commodore, on this grtnt mor- tality, having by him a quantity of Ward s pills and drops, in order to experience whether they would be of any ufc, fird tried them on himfelf, and thengave what he had left to the furgeon, to adminifter to fuch of the fick people as were willing to take them. The fui]genn would not retothmend them to any pcrfon, but feveral took thenii though I know of none who bclicvei) they were of any ferVice to them. They worked moft people who took them very violently, both by vomit and ftool : after which, as (cveral told me, they would feem to be a little cafier, though weaker, for perhaps a day or two, but then they always relapfed, and be- came worfe than before t and this; together with the inefficacy of all that our furgeons could do in the cafe nifficiently (hewed the vanity of attempting the cure of this dillcmper at fea. And here, before I quit this fubjedl, I (hall endeavour to remove a prejudice, under which the afHidled have long fcvercly ruttered j and that is, from the liotion generally prevalent, that none but the lazy are attacked with this diforder ; whereas, the diredt contrary is the truth t our experience having abundantly (hewn, that the mo(t laborious, adive, (lirring pcrfons were ofteneft feizcd with this difeafe t and the continuiition of their labour, inflead of curing, only helped to kill them the Tooner. Many undeniable inftances might be ^iven of this in our voyage { and, if future voyagers will give them- lelves the trouble of obrervins this hereafter, I am cer- tain that the event will correTpond with mv ttlTertiOn t tior does this diftemper, in a general way, incline peo- ble to indolence, tilt it ia come to that heighti that, at tne leaft motion, the perfoti is ready to fiiint. It is cer- tain, that, if the perfon afRi^cd dcfires to lengthen out his life u long u he cati, hii bed way is to llir as littlie u potTible. This I have feen verified by many inRaitces. The 33rd and 44th, we reefed and repaired our rigging, which had fuflered much in the variable weather. No. 43. The i6fh, hrinn, arcording to OUT reckoning, iflo leagues from the LadnineS, we met with a *fllirl)r wimi, which did not come almui again in lnur il.ivi. This wat a tnort difpiritirtg inciilrni, at wc were all that while forcn^tb lie to, the currcilt Infcnilbly driving us out of our courfe. The 17th, our gunner, Menry Klpnt, died of the fcurVey, being one of the moil able-bur brtf jrtij jKJfk were lik«wifc very rufty a(MI rotten, i)d the furijirr^ri rndravourcd to perfuade u« from catiitf4 if, allc(%ing it mih, though a flow, yet * fiire poifom but vrry little othcf mod being to btt had, we were redii fd to a very deplorable condition. 1'h^ 19th, ih the morning, the Glouceltcr's fbre-i art fplitting, her fore-top^maft rame by the board, and| in its fail, meeting with the fore yard, brrike it in ihd flings. As (he was hereby irndered incapable of making any fail for fohie time, we were undei- A liecef- ftty, as foon al a gale fprunv up, to take her in tow^ and near 10 of the healthieffand ableft of our feamen were removed from the duty of our own (hip, and were continued cieht or ten days together to alllft in re- pairing her dam.iges 1 but thcfe things; mortifying aS we thought thcmi were only the commencement ofour misfortunes 1 for, fcarce had our people lini(hed their buiinefs in the CilOuccftcr before we met with a mo(l violertt ftorm from the weftern boatd, which obliged us to lie to. This ftorm laltcd from the lOth to the ijth of Augufti attended with rain, thunder, and lightningi and fuch a lofty and dangerous fea, as I have feldom feen, and could not have believed in latitudes between the Tropics) efpecially for Alch a long duration. Moft of the time we lay to, we droVe td the nol-thward 1 abundance of our people died daily 1 and, the (hip proving very leakyj every perfon who could ftir, the princi|)al officers not excepted, was obliged to takii his turn at the pumps, irttl all little enough to keep us above water. The 13th of Auguft, at tifn iii the hidrrtiiiji, the Gloucefter made a fignal of diflrefs, and, being to wind- ward, bore down towards ut| but we obferved ftie w»i long in Wearing, rolled very much, and tnade bad ftecrage. About half an hoUr after noon they fpoke with us, and told us thit they were fo leaky that they muft quit their (hip; that they had feven feet water in the hold ; and that all the men they had capable of ftirring Were quite exhaufted with piimping, and could work no longen This wis an additional mif- fortune, and feemedto be Without refource : for, whilll the Gloucefter's crew were thus enfeebled, our own fick were now fo much increafed, and thofb who ftjii renuined in health fo ovcrfatigusid with labour^ that ic was impolnble for us to lend them any aid : dll, there^ fore, that could be done was to fend our b jefty's (hip theGloucefter; and now, it might have been cxpet^ed, that, being freed from the embarrafTment in which her frequent difafters had involved us, we (hould have proceeded on our way much brilker than we had hith'jrto done. However, we were foon taught, that our troubles were not yet to be relieved. Wewereat this time in the utmoU didrefs; the (hip confidbrablylumbcred with prize-goods, and the little room we had left thronged with the fick, whofc numbers were now very much increafed by thofc from the Glou- cefier; the dirt, naufeoufnefs, and fiench, almoft every where intolerable ; more people daily difabted with the difeafe; no fign of land, nor but very little wind, and that not fair but variable ; very bad provilions and water, and the (hip very leaky; and, though wc di(covered the leak to be in her bows on each fide the fiern, it 1^ in fuch a manner that we could not (lop it, nay the attempt- ing to do it rather made it worfe. In this diftrefs wc made the bed of every 4ittle fpurt of wind. Nothing farther remarkable happened till Sunday the 22d,when, about eight in the evening, we difco- vered two ifiands, one bearing W, half S. and the other S. W. by W. at the diAancc of about lo leagues. We were overjoyed at this fight, and fiood toward them with all our fail; but, there being little wind, we did not get near them till the next' day about noon, when being about three miles off the larged and moft promifing of them, which appeared very hilly and full of trees, we fent on fhore one of our Lieutenants in the cutter to make difcoveries, who returned at nine in the eveninoi and gave us but a very indifferent ac- count of the land. The trees were mofily cocoa-nnt- trecs, of which there were prodigious quantities (about 60 cocoa-nuts they brought on board with them); but they could find no water, nor any good place to anchor in : on this account it was thought fit to (land further to the fouthward, for fome more proper place. This was a fevere difappointment to moil of the fick, who. on the (Ight of land, (on hearing that we were fo near it) had begun fenfibly to revive: but as perfons in fuch cir- cumfiances are foon driven to defpond when an aid they had depended upon deferts themi, fo this difappoint- ment marred our hopes, and increafed our dejedion. We feared, that, if we met with more iflands in the fame run, they might be either as bod, worle, or inha- bited by our enemies the Spaniards, who, in our weak condition, might eafily be able to hinder us from proper refreihments: add to this, how near many of us were to death, and how little we could expcd to liirvive while in 4 fcarch of other ill^nds. I knowi^ot whether thc(e were the general thoughts of the Tick, but I mufi own d^y were mine, and made our (ituation »,t that tinu: appear infinitely worfe to me than at any other in the whole courfe of our vwage. I was indeed very ijl, and my illnefs might polfiblv occafion every thing to appear in its word light, yet I never was one of thofe who were frightened at the apprehenfion, or even the vifiblc ap- proach of death ; it had no unreafbnable terrors in any of its prolpedls to me; and I always could, and I hope always (hall be ready to meet it with calmnefij and per. k& reflation : but I believe the hcalthied and doute(i at that ume had probably the greated appiehenfinns| and I have fince heard it From many of thofe, that they expeded all to have periflied, had we been (o little as three weeks longer at fea; and I much qucdion whe- ther they were not right in that imagination. , On the aith, at five in the morning, we faw, three qthcr iflands, bearing from S. E. by ^ to N. £. tlio middlemod of the three, which was the larged, due E. The 37th, at three in the adcrnoon, being got pretty near the (hore of the middlemod ifland, we fent our cutter and pinnace in (liore for difcovery. At four tha pinnacccame off,and brought with her an Indian paroo, with a Spaniard and four Indians, whom they took in her. They likcwife told us, that they had in-(horc a fmall bark of about 16 tons, and between 20 and 30 more people on the ifland, all of whom had been fent there from Guam to kill cattle and hogs, and make jerked beef, and cocoa-nut-oil, &c. for the Spanidi garrilon there; and that there are condantly people fent on that account, who, after fome months ixay at that place, are relieved by fre(h parties for the fame purpofe. We fecured both bark and paroo, together with all the Indians who fell into our hands, to hinder their cany* it^ int^ligence of us to the Spaniards at Guam. One ofthofe Indians was a carpenter by trade, and his fathc( was one of the principal builders at Manilla. This young man, having been ill ufed by the Governor at Guam.voluntarilyentcred with us,ancl became one of oUr carpenter's crew, and proved a very ufeful handy fellow. llie Spaniard being examined as to the date of the illand we were now approaching, the account he gave furprized even our mo(t ianguine hopes; and, thou^ umnhabited, he (aid, it wanted none of thofe accom- modations with which the bed cultivated countries are fiimilhed. On mudering up our whole force, as we drew near, all the hands we could colled capable of any kind of duty, even on the mod preffing occafions, amounted to no more than 71 men, oiGcers included- This number, inconfiderable as it may feem, were all of the united crews of the Centurion, GlouceAer, and Trial, that could move without being affided, notwith- danding that, when we left England, they confided of near 1000 men. When we had entered the road, our fird bufinefs, after flirling the fails and fecuring die (hip, was to pro- vide an holpital onfliorefior the fick; but the oHicer and feainen who were fent upon this fervice, returned joyfully, and acquainted us, that the Indians on (hore hadfaved them that trouble, and had provided for us •jctter than we could have done for ouriclvcs ; for, hav- ing eredled a number of little cabbins for their ac- commodation during their refidence on the idand, and one in particular, wnich they made ufe of bv way of dorehoufe to flow their provifions in, there could be no. thing more fuiublv adapted for the reception both of the iick and the heuthy than thcfe ercdions. .Accord- ingly, we indantly began fending aduire as many of the fick as couk) polTibly be conveyed, among which number I myfdf wu one ; I fay, as many as could poifibly be conveyed; for we were all fo extremely feeble and helplefs, that we were no otherwife to be landed than py being carried in our hammocks, bothinandout of the baits, on -mens fhouklers, in which fervice both the Comimodore himfelf and his officers very hununely «flidcd{ and, indeed, they were almcid the onl^ perfons on baud capable of perfonning It; the healthied feamen being fo much enfeebled, that they Vt)YAGE RO U N D the thcle were own tl^cy ikc appear the uliole .and mj appear ia wno were iAble ap- ors in any id I hope % and per. nd (loutcA chcnlinns| , that they (o little as lion whe- faw, three N. £. tlio e(l, due £. got pretty fcnt our At four the. dian paroo, icy tooic in in-fliorc a 20 and ;\o i been fenc and nuke he Spanifli people fcut nay at that ine purpofe. with all the their carry* luam. One nd his fathet nilla. This Governor at neoneot'oUr andy fellow. Hate of the >unt he gave and, though liofe accom- countries are force, as we ipable ofany g occafion^ rs included- 1, were all of uceAer, and ed, notwith- confillcd of irft bufuiers, was to pro- : the ottkcr ce, returned ins on Ihore vided for us »j for, hftv- 9r their ac- siiland, and f bv way of :ouid be no- tion both of s. .Accord- as many of nong which iny as could b extremely erwUe to be hammocks, boulders, in rdf and his d, they were fpernrtning iKchled,that they thcyhtd butjuHftrength enough left to help them- (elves. The next dty^ beiiwthe 34th, the remainder of the fick were brought on more, of whom ai foon died ; but thegprtateftpartof therelt recovered furprizingly. As foon as I was capable of ftirring about, I found the ifland Co lie in latitude 14 deg. 5 8 min. N. [Walter fays 15 deg. 8 min.land in longitude 223 deg. ij min. W. from London, being, according to my recHoning, 1 1 7 r their fruit; vrhildthe lawns weregenerally croudcd with herds of cattle, of which it was not uncommon to lee thoufands feeding in a herd, and, being all milk- white, it is no wonder that fuch an appearance excited our longings, and increafed our impatience, to kill and eat. Add to thefe, the innumerable fwarms of poultry that croudcd the woods, and, by their frequent crow- ings, gave us in idea the pleaftng apprehcnflon of be- ing in the neighbourhood of farms and villages ; and we even fancied, that in the covert o( the woods we fliould find fuch concealed. The cattle we had fight of were computed at I o,(XX}; and, befldes thefe and the poultiy.'wc likewife found abundance of wild hogs, which were excellent food, but fierce, and not eafily maftered. At firft we killed them by od, and a rope made of bafs ; and (bme barrels of powder to be dned and recovered, which by long keeping was be- comcmcift. From the lathto the 18th, the hands were con- tinually fhifting, thofe who were fo well recovered' as to be capable of duty were fent on board, and thofe who had !| i i ■ ''I k ■ ■; i ■•■■*■, i' J i '. 4 iie.] 360 CbMMODORE (afterwards Lord) ANSOvN's ■I! 1 i u :l I 'IM had born the burden of the labour were relieved and ifenc otl thorc. On the 19th, the weather began to alter, and to threaten a (lorm : on that day, the next, and the 3 id, it blew hard; however, we rode it out, and flattered ourfelves that the prudence of ourmcafureshad fecured ut from accidents. On the 226, the hurricane canie on, and our only hope of fafety fecmed to depend on our putting out to lea ; but the Commodore wai on thore, and all communication with the land abfolutciy cut off. At five in the afternoon, the fmall bower parted, and the (hip fprung off to the bed bower. As night approacheo, the violence of the ftorm increafed ; yet, nucwithffanding its Inexpreflible fiiry, the rapidinr of the tide was uich as to prevail over it, and to force the (hip before it, as it were, in dcfpight of its utmoft rage. It was now that the fca broke alt round us in a mod tremendous manner; and that a large tumbling fwcll threatened to ingulph us in its bofom : the long- boat, which was moored a-Hern. was on a fudden canted fo high that it broke ihe tranfum of the Com> modore's gallery, and would, doubtlefs, have rifen as high as the ufferel, had it not been for the ftrdke, which ftoye the boat to pieces; but yet the poor boat- keeper, though much bruifed, was faved almoft by miracle. Alwut eight, the tide flackened ; but, the wind not abating, the bed bower cable, by which alone we rode, parted at eleven. In this extremity, Mr. Saumarcz, our firft lieutenant, who commanded in the abfence .of the Commodord; ordcreld guns to be fired, and lights td be Ihewn, as ftgnals of didrefs ; and, in d Ihdrt tihic after, the night being exceflively dark, the ftorm raging, the thunder roaring, and nothing to be feen but the blUc lightning flaming through the rain, we Mere driven to fea, and by this cataftrophe, the whole crew, both by fca and land, reduced to a ftate of defpair; thofe'on fliore concluding they had now no means left them ever to get home; whilft thofe on board, being utterly unprepared to ftruggle with the fury of fuch feas and winds, expccled each moment to be their laft. In this ftate of defpondency, while thofe on board were evtiy mortlent in expectation of being daflicdagainft the.rocks of Aiguigan, an ifland at about three leagues from Tiniart, tnole on (hore were perfuaded the fliip could not furvive the ftorm, the whole channel between the two idands appearing from the land like one continued breach, the fea fwelling, breaking, and roaring, like mountains rolling over mountains, . id forming the moft awful and terrifying fight that the mind pi man can poflibly conceive. Indeed, the con- dition of thofe on board was truly pitiable ; they were in a leaky fliip, with three cables in their hawfes, to one of which hung their only remaining anchor ; they had not a gun on board laflied ; nor a port barred in; their flirouds were loofe ; and their fore-top-maft unrigged ; and they had ftruck their fore and mam yards down be- fore the hurricane came on, fo that there was no fail they could fet except the mizzen: to add to their misfortunes, they were no fooner at fea, than, by the labouring of the ftiip, whole floods of water rulhed in through the hawfe-holcs, ports, and fcuppers ; which, with the ufual leakage, kept the pumps conftantly at work. Perfuaded that their dcftru(f^ion was inevitable, finking, however, was only their fecondary concern; they judged, by the driving of the (liip, that they were making towards the land, and that, in the darknefsof the night, they (hould no otherwife perceive it than by ftriking upon it ; but day-light relieved them from their uneafy apprehenfions, and ftiewed them that the ifland they fo much dreaded was at a confiderablc diftance, and that a ftrong northern current luul proved theneans of their prefervation. It was not, however, till after thrfee days that the rnrbulent weather that had driven them from Tinian began to abate ; when every man ip the fliip was fo worn out with fatigue, that they found it impomble to man the pumps, and hand the fails at the lame tim:. They had twice attempted to heave up the main and fore-yards, in which tney had at Often mifcarried by the breaking of thejeets, and in • I the lafl effort one of their beft men periflied. During all this time the fliip was driving to leeward, and drag- . ging her ftiect anchor, the only one flie had left,- with two cables an end at her bows. This was a circum- ftance of the grcateft confequcnce, and ivquired a fpeedy remedy ; for though upon a third exertion of their whole force, they had replaced their yards, they durft not, while the anchor continued in that fituation, venture to fpread their canvas. Some reft and refrefti- meht becanic nteelTary before a work of fuch labour could be pix)pofed to a feeble and diminiftied crew, who hardly confifted of 100 men. It was, therefore, five days after their departure before they could fecure their anchor; and now they fet their courfca, and, for the firft time, flood to the eaftward, in hopes of foon regaining the ifland, and rejoining their Commander and the reft of their company: but in this they were unhappily difappointed ; for Kaving run, as they thought, the diftance neceffary for making the ifland, and being in full expe(flation of feeing it, they found thcmfelves bewildered by the irregularity of the currents, and knew not what courfe to fteer, till, after feveral days uncer- tainty, they came at laft in fiffht of Guam, from whence they direded their courfe with infinite labour to Tinian, the wind being conftantly againft them, and the tide variable. This fcverc employment held till the nth of 0^ South Seas againd the Spaniards, who .were at war wiij^ hisnationt that his (hip was leaky t that his people were in want of provifions; that he had put intd Mocao, a friendly port, for a fupply, but tliat, being a dranger to the cuftoms of the country, he had been unable to fucceed; and, therefore, requeded, that he might be permitted to employ workmen to repair his diip, and that he might be fupplicd with provi- fions at the accudomed rates at which the articles he flood in need of were generally fold. Another difficulty was now darted as tq the delivery of this letter, the Hoppo at fird refufing to intermeddle with it ; but. on the Commodore's dxprefl^ng fomc refent' ment, and threatening to convey it to Canton by his own melTcngcrs, he at length undertook not only to deliver it, but to procure an anfwer: accordingly, though the letter was only dated on the 1 7th of Decem- ber, on the 1 9th a Mandnrinc of the fird rank, together with two others of an inferior clafs, and their atten- dants, having in their retinue 1 8 half gallies, decorated with dreamcrs,and furniflied with bands of mulic, came to a grapple a-hcad of the Centurion, w hence the Man- darine fent in form to acquaint the Commodore, that he came by order of the Viceroy to examine the con- dition of the diip, and to report the fame as it (hould appear to him upon a jud (iirvcy. On this mcflagc, preparations were indantly made to receive him; in particular, a hundred of the mod fightly men on board, uniformly drcITcd in the regimentals of the marines, were drawn up under arms on the main-deck againd his arrival. When he entered the fliip, he was falutcd by the drums and military mufic, and condurtcd by fomc of the principal officers to the quarter-deck, where he was received in date by the Commodore, and then in- troduced to the great cabbin, where he explained his conimiffion, and prcfentcd the perfons he had brought with him to take the furvcy. The Mandarine ap- peared to be a perfon of fuperior abilities, and en- dowed with a franknefs and honedynot ufually to be met with among the ordinary ranks of Chinele oflv- ccrs; and, being an eyc-witnefs of the dangerous dat« of the leaks, and of the necedity there was for a tho> rough repair, he exprefTed his entire acquiefcencc in the report that had been given, ar pronufcd to lay the fame immediately before the counc'l upon his return. He was exceeding curious in infpeiffing the (hip, in examining her guns, and poiling her great (hot. He exprcd his adonifliment at her drength and her magni- tude; and the Commodore, to increafc his wonder, and flicw his own power, let him know how eafy it would be for him to dedroy the whole navigable force of China, and lay the city of Canton in ruins; but. ne- vcrthclcfs, he alTured him, that not the lead violence (hould beofl^ered, provided his wants were fupptied upon rcafonable terms. At the fame time the Comrriodorc complained of the behaviour of the officers at Mocao, who had pro- hibited the country people from felling provifions to his company, though they had paid for what they pur- chafed in derling filver. The Mandarine heard the Complaint without emotion, but faid it fliould beicr.ie- died for the future. After the bufinefs was over, din- ner was ordered, and the Commodore apologifed for the meannefs of the fare from the difficulty he had to procure better : but the two inferior Mandarines, who wercths only perfons of their retinue permitted to fit at table with them, fliewcd no diflike to any thing fet before them, except the beef, to which they have the fame didikc as the Jews have to pork, from an early pre- judice derived from their ancedors ; of this the Com- modore was not apprized, nor were thcv ofl^ended at its being fet before them. "They were, indeed, very auk- wark at thcufc of knives and forks, and it was found necelTaty VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. 363 seflaiy heccflkry to introduce their own fervants to carve for them, before they coulj make an end of their dinners. But If they were deficient in their manner of eating, they were no novices in putting about the glafles; for there was not an officer at itble that durft engage with them. Seeing they were fond of Frontiniac, and that they prefently emptied four or five bottles of it with- out any effcdl.the Commodore ordered a bottle of Ci- tron water to be brought up, which, on tarting, they liked, and, the Commodore cxcufing himfcif on ac- count of an illneft he had not yet recovered, they clapped a ruddy-faced officer on the (boulder, and de- jRred him to pledge them, faying, by their interpreter. they were fiire he could not plead illnefs for declining his glaft. When the bottle was out, they all rofe from table, without appeving to be in the Icaftdifordcrcd.and, ■fterthcufual ceremonies, departed, very well pleafed with thfcir cnterUinmcnt. The CorhmOdore now impatiently expected the li- cence he had requefted ; but it was fcveral days before it pafled the neceflary forms, chicHy owing to the in- trigties of a Frenchman, who, having the advantage- of fpeaking the language fluently, wasatnolofs in tr.i- verfingtne meafures of the friendly Mandarine in fa- vour of Mr. Anfonj but a repetition of the threats al- ready reftrred to, produced, at laft, the delircd viYctt On the ^ of January, the licence was received, and the carpenters were fet to work s but, previous to this, the prohibition was taken off, and provilions were every day brought to the (hip in plenty. It was, however, the beginning of April before the repairs could be comp!e»ted, and the Chinefe began to be very uneafy at th«r long ftay. They had frequently fent mcirage* to theCommotlore to h.irten his departure, not knowing or believing that he was no lefs in earned to be gone, than they were to be freed from the dread of his ftay. At length, on the 3d of April, two Manda- rines came on board frmn Mocao, with a peremptory command addrcfTcd to the Commodore, requiring him to depart; to which he made anfwer, in a determined tone, that he would go when he thought proper, and not when they ptwfumed to command hini. After this i^ebuke, however, all communication was forbidden, fend no more provifions were fuffered to go on board ; afid f(» ftridly were thofc injundtions carried into execu- tion, that from thcnccforwards nothing could be pur- chafed at any rate whatever. On the 6th of April, the Centurioji weighed, and warped to the fouthward; and, by the ij^h, (he wa« life in Mocao road, having com- plcated her water m (he palTed along. On the 1 9th, (he again weighed anchor, and put to iea. But long before this, that is. fome time in November, Captain Saunders, Comraander of the Tryal's prize, took paflage on board a Swedilh (hip with difpatches from the Gjmmodore to the government. And foon after, that is, atxwt the middle of December, Cap- tain Mitchell, Colonel Crackerdde, "Mr. Tafwell, with his nephew Mr. Charles Herriot, and the Rev. Mr. Walter, embarked on board the company's (hips on their return home. About this time we received the firft news of the fafe arrival of the Severn and Pearl (the two (hips df our fquadroii that parted from «s in doubling C«pe Horri) at Rio Janeiro, on the coaft of Brazil. The Severn Had been remarkable for the extraordinary licknefs that had been more fatal on board her than on board of any other in the whole Tquadron, infomuch that ber hands had been twice re- cruited front the Ceririirion during her Voyage to the ftraitsof Lc Mairej and yet when (lie parted company flic wanted hands to navigate her in a florin, which was ^e reafon of her return. It was from the knowledge %f this iJncomihoh mortality that prevailed among the ■crew, that the Cotnmodorc concluded the Severn to befoft. The news, therefore, of her and the Pearl's fafoty was received w ith the greater pleafure, as we had long entertained an opinion that both of" them had pe- rifhed. But to return from this drgrcfTion: From'the ifttbthe i'5th of ApHl, we had (lormy ■fcrcathcr, with heavy rains and fucti amazing and ter- rifying claps of thunder and flafhes of lightning as no- thing of the kind I had ever feen or heard bore any proportion to. This was upon the breaking-up of the eaftcrly monfoon, when fuch Itorms are ufual in the country, accompanied fometimes with dreadful gufts of wind, called here by the name of Tutfoons, of the effeds of which the Chinefe relate very wonderful (lories. While we were warping out of the harbour, the Commodore went on (hore to Nfocao, to take leave • of the Portuguefe Governor, who had, to the utmoft of his power, behaved in a very friendly manner; and, at his coming from thefort, he was faluted with 1 5 guns. During our ftay we had entered about 30 frefti hands, being chiefly Lafcars, Perfians, and Dutchmen; fo thit our whole complement, when we failed, amounted to 224 men and boys, among whom were fome of all na- tions, languages, and religions. Bcini^nowatfea, we were fome time in a ftatc of uncertainty what courfe the Commodore intended to ftcer. He gave out at Mocao, that he was bound to Batavia, and thence to England ; but his real deflgn was verydiftcrent. The projcdt the Commodore had rclolved upon in his own mind, was, to truife for the annual Diip from Acapulco to Manilla t and, not dif- couragcd by his former difafters, he determined again to rifqiie tlie cafualties of the Pacific Ocean, and to take his rtation oft" CapeSpirito Santo on the ifland of fami', being the firft land the Acapulco (hips always make in approaching the Philippines. liciug now at fia, it was no longer neceflary to con- ceal this projert; he. therefore, fummoned all his people 0-1 the qii;irtcr-dc. k, and in a fhort, but fpirited fpeech, informed thcmof his defigii; which was received by them with the moft exprelfivc tokens of general appro- bation: and fuch a confidence of fucceeding dinufed itfcif through all the fliip's company, that the Com- modore, who had taken fome Chinefe (heep to fea with him for his own provifion, enquiring one day of his butcher, why he had lately feen no mutton at his table? the man rcpiicd dryly, that in truth there were only two fliecp left, antl thcfe, with his honour's leave, he pro- proled to rcferve for the entertainment of the General of the galleons. When the Centurion left the port of Mocao, (he ftood for fame days to the weft ward; and, on the firft of May, paifcd the illand of Formofa; and, fteering to the ibuthward, on the 4th in the evening they came in fight of the Bafliee Iflands, which they fufpedled to be wrong laid down by Dampier, and from obfervation found them 25 leagues too far to the weftward. Ort the 20th of May, they caine in (ight of Efpirito Santo. .As it was known there were centinels placed upon the Cape to make fignals to the Acapulco fliips, the Com- modore immediately tacked, and ordered the top-gal- lant-fails to be taken in, to prevent a difcovery: and this being the ftation in which he propofed to cruife, he fixed the limits between the Kititude of 12 deg. 50min. N. and 13 deg. 5 min. the Cape itfelf lying in 12 deg. 40 min. N. and in 4 deg. of eaft longitude from Pfotel Tobago Xima. It was now the time when the Manilla (hip was every hour expedled ; for they feldom or never fail of making land in the month of June, and fbme- 'times fooncr, and it was now the laft day of May, ac- cording to their ftile, when the Commodore took his ftation. It we're tedious to entertain the reader with th^ va- rious conje.gaUant«raiU, u a fignal, a* it was then fuppofcd, to her confort ; but in reahty, as a fignal to her own poople to prepare for aAion. The Commodore was furprized to Tec her fteadilv purfue her courfe, and was now in na tear of lofinahgnt of her. as at noon he could fetch, her W'ake. Her confort not appearing, it was concluded they had parted company ; and it now became vifible, that the galleon did not intend to fly, but to fight. Every prepantion had been previoufly made on board the Centurion, and all hands properly inftruded; fo that every man on board repaired to his poll with as much regularity and unconcern as if j>re> paring for a review. Thirty of the beft marklmen lined the tops; two men placed themfelves at a gun to load them: and gai^p of ten men each were appointed to go from gun to gun, to run them out, and fire them as fall as they were loaded. A con- flant running fire was by this means kept up, and no interval allowed for the enemy to (land to their guns in fafety, as is common when whde broadfidcs are dif- chargcd at once. About one in the afternoon, the galleon hauled up her fore-fail, and brought to under top-fails, with her head to tlic northward, ' hoifling Spanifli Colours, and having the flandard of Spain flyins at the top-gallant- mall-nead. About the fame time the Centurion hoifled her broad pendant an(l colours, being within gun-fhot of the enemy t and the Commodore, feeing them clear- ing their decks of their cattle and lumber, gave orders- to fire the chace-guns, to diflurb them in their work. The galleon returned the fircwith two of her flern- gtins, one of which carried away one of our fore- fhrouds, and our fore-ftay tackle, which could not have been done by an ordinary ball. The Centurion fetting her fprit-fail fore apd aft for boarding, the galleon, out of a bravado, did the fame. Soon alter, the Centurion fhot a-brea(t of the enemy within piflol (hot, and now the engagement became hot. For the fir^ half hour the Centurion over- reached the galleon, and lay on her bow, and, by the widenefsof herporis, could traverfe almoft all her guns upon the enemy, whilfl the gitiicon could only bring a part of hers to bear upon the Centurion in return. In the heat of the adlion, the mau with which the galleon had (luffed her netting took fire, and burnt violently, blazing up near as hi^n as the mizzen-top. This accident threw the enemy mto the utmo(t terror, and alfo alarmed the Comnnodore, for fear the galleon Ihould be burnt, and for fear he himfelf migln fuffer by being clofely grap{ded by her. Happily, however, that danger was averted, and fnc fire extinguifhed, by cutting aWay the netting, aiid letting the whole tumble into the fea. All this while the Commodore kept his firft advantageous pdition, firing with great regularity and brifknelst while at the fiune time the gallons decks lay open to our top-men, who, having at their fird volley driven the Spaniards from their tops, made prodigious havock widi their fmall arms, killing or wounding every officer but one that appeared upon the quarter-^ck, and wounding in particular the General of the aalleon himfelf. Thus the adion continued for more than half fui hour ; but then tlw Centurion loft the fujperiority of her fituation, and came clofe aloi^-fide ot the galleon, whenj ihe enemy continued their fire . with great aiftivity for mar an hour loiwer 1 yet, even m this pofltion the Commpdpcc's grape-fnnt fwept their decks fo effedoany, and the number of tlv: dead and wounded became (b confideral)>le, that- they began to fall into great confuluMn, efpecially as the G^eral, who was the nfe of the ai^ion, was no kmger able to exert Itimfclf. The diforder was fb great, that their officers vete fcen from the Centurion running about to prevent the delertionof their men from their pofts : but all th^ir endrayours were in vaini for, afler havii^ as a laft effort, fired five or -fix gunf with more iudoment than ufual, they yielded up the contefti and, the galleon's colours being finged off the enfisarftafP at the begin- nii^ of ttie engagement, the flruck the fhndard at the main-tap-gaUant-maft-bead ; but even thif office would havci)ecn at the peril of the man's life, had not the a Commodore, obfervina what he was about, given exi prefs order* to leave ott firing. The Commodore, when the adion n-as ended, it- folved to make the beft of hia way with his prize to the river Canton, being in the mean time fully employed in fecuring his prifqners, and in removing the treafuie from on boara the galleon into the Centurion. Hi* firft bufinefs was to commifFion the fhip, and put her under the command of proper officers: Lieutenant Sauinarez was appointed Captain, and wu imme. diately ordered on board to take pofTefDon of hi* chai^. But, juft a* the galleon had ftruck, the officer who conunanded between decks came up, feemiiuriy to con- gratulate the Commodore on his conqueft. but at the fame time privately whifpered to him, that the Centiu non was dangeroufly on fire near the powder-room. It feems one of the lads called powdcr-monkies, being heedlefs, a cartridge that he was ctfrying blew up in his hands I this fired another, af^ thatThrte of tlie lowcr-deck guns on the off fide of the fhip, which being happily loaded and laid dov/n for fervice. and the ports hauled up to vent the fmo;(e, they did not occa- Hon the Icaft mifchiefi howev:r, the cartridge* and Suns together raifcd fuch a fnvAher, that it was at firft oubtful whether it pr^eedet' from .the explofion, or from a part of the fhip bein^ on fiij. In ftd, upon examination, it was found tt proceed from both; for, part of 3. cartriitee havii^ f Jlcn between the planks of the cieling, dole aft by t'.ie fcuttle of the Chaplain's cabbin, not only a confidrrabic fnnolfc iffiicd out, but a very fenfible heat, and, had' it not been immediately extinguifhed, the confrquencc would have ixen dread- ful; to be brief, a fev pails of water fcalbnably applied did more than all t'm water of |he ocean could have effe'/fi'w. I I - • 1 i * . • v' 1 " . '' i , y t fl 1 . . ■ ' 1 , ,.,_: ; \ ' . . ; . , * ■^■'i-lii ■• V ^ \ - 1 1 - ■ ■•■-»• > * ■ I .t'm^:-''^':^:'\...]k :/ .■>•.; ( ( .-.i',) L. .1 'f^ r ^ ^ ..^i... .\IWbi .itHU^ I r I i li ■•«!- ii '■i:l: -%;;. . >^,%' rJt' ' '• ■' r,.K i:?' y. i ■ ''f » ■ ^ r.iii- 'J I — « : ! .£■■ ,r*n^' , »(»■^ .if-i' ..ji- '^■: f * ■■,4 .•>■,„■■: • ^IJ: ii_ V' VOYAGE ROUNrXthe WORLD. .l6j 5 ^ t had, bolii^i 3t petcnraM. in her gunwale, quartcn. wul top«|Canryini,'cach • xlb. ballt anJ, before the en g4gimKmt,ftwsifniiAcf«4 64O men capable of bearing arms .uffic liduceiMnt and 16 men wounded. «1 of whom recovered, one nran only excepted And flow tbQ.CoMnodore learnt from fome of the brifoners, that,thf «fher iliip, which he had kept in the ,port-«C AolpiKlk (he year bcfoic,; inftead«f rMurn- ingincdmpany'with'thia, at wutupc^lcd, had tailed farher in the icafdn than ufual, and was probably goc r) Kiaaillp before .the Centurion fct fiul from Mocao i that„ notwithiUndiflg our prcfent fuccelii. «cc had reafon to rearet the lofs of time occafkmed.by the de* fays of the QhMe, ,^hieh prevented our Uking two rich pri«ei inteadef Onci though^ lof^y the Dutb, it wfuld np( h*ve 4tve bre« JMftiikJ on the prinriplcs of hu- nVMiity; 1 fofihere waainO method praifticable but that 9f ft^wingtiie men; in the lioids of the two (hips 1 and 0* for th« officer*. 17 in number, they were conlmcd in the ^ifft Ucutenant'a CAbbin, under a guard of lix men, tifft depriving Uiem of their armi. and then keeping a ftrif^ watch on all their .motions. Indeed, the fufttr- }[*gf,ot the commoomen, fuch of. them ia particular whoweife not emplvyed'jin navigating the (nip, were tnuch to be, pitied |, fon the weathlrrbeingf extremely hot, the fiench of tN hoU* loathfome beyond concep- t.iqrf, an4 the|r allowance of water but juft. fufficient to keep t^m ^liye, being.only a pint a day for each man, awjfs aeji^.t,Xq,,ft miracle tMt not a man of them died irjifgt^ii; ^o^fiiwrnenw ^cepc five of , the w«nnded. wl)«uipired rh«yery nig^ they were, bfought Skbwrd the CcfUurion,, , Thut, «ircumftanccd. the motive* of humanity. a», well ai iniareft, ftroQgly urged the Com- inAt^e to hatWn hia return to Chinat aind the. prize focitrg, nuich.dlwn4ge4« jmh in her hull and riggiing, it ifffu IfiundgitffifBiTf tcf Mlie her in tow for the quicker , . Op the zif^jbf Juneltbtewa ftorm, which (sontinued till the :3ith,- when the fea ran mountaina high: in thit Aoau the Ccnti4rioa loft, her long-boat) and the prize a ,,Pn the 2d of ^j^ v'e paflVd between (he Balhec l^n^St ..though t^evinpiii^ of^the fea feemed to in* dicate brokers or rocky ground ; but the ivind being ufar ta.^he northward as to. render it difiicult to wcathei;, then), we rifqued the danger to fliorten the voyage. On the 8jt^ pf July we made the coaft of (^him,^nd.oo the i^.thcame to ao anchor oiF the City of l!i(Jofi!i9;'^pj» thcncciWc proceeded to iherivcfof Csu^0P» )*'Nnif^'< met w,i(h the ufual ob(lruiSions.from the euUoRuhou(l«oAcei9,.fuid where the Comqmdore was agaii^ obliged, ^ it were, refolutely to force hia way to hi& intended Ration. The oflRcer who came to uk^thf ^ijiienfioaaofihis (liips, in the ufual manne/, leeniied ailoniQyiAiwhen he talked of being exempted from tlwaccuftofiied rates, andgavehim to undeinand tbi^-^ f&figwfr'* diiiy muft be paid by every fliip thauame into hie portsi ani^the pilot had private iiw flrv^iqns not to carry the (h|pa through the lHocqt Ty. gris, or narrow pafs that forms the cntnmce into, the: : -' ; No. 44. I river of Canton, till fecurity was given for the accuH tomcd charges. And here it nuiy be ntcclFary juft to inrntii' that this pafi, not more than a quarter of a miic 1 idthf i-H defended by two forts on the oppolite (Idci hefe the Commodore ditr^rding,anu being (iwtci < enter (he river without delay, as the ftormy lea .vas approaching, he cauled the pilot to be brought *fore him, and in a determined tone threatened w han^^' Huti tothewird>arm, if he did not inflantly take char c of the (hip, and carry her falie, without ftriking gn. md, througn the Bocca T^ria into the open river, /he poor pilot perrormed hit office, but did not efcape pu- nifliment tor what he could not help. He was in- Hantly feized on being releafed from the Centurion, committed to prifon, and rigovoufly difciplincd with the bamboo. However, he found means to get accef* to the Commodore afterwards, to fiipplicatc a recom- pence. who, ever ready to reward the fufTerers in hit fervicr. gave him fuch a fum 35 more than contented him for hii whipping. Nor wu the poor pik>t the only fuffercri lor the Governors of the fens were both dil- pbiccd for not preventing what it wu in vain for them to attempt to oppofe, and) for not doing what all the council muft know wu impoflible to be done. On the 1 6th the Comnnodorc fcnt his Second Lieu.< tenant to Canton, with a letter to the Viceroy, alligning his reafons for putting into that port, demanding a li< ccnce for purchaTing provifions and ftores,and intimat-> ing an intention of waiting upori his Excellency in per- Ton to make his acknowlragemenu. The Lieutenant was civilly received, and promifed an anfwer the next day. In the mean time, the principal officers of the prize dcftred permiflion to go to Canton on their pa.* role, which was readily grantedi Thefe. no fooner ar- rived, than they were called before the nuigiflracy, and examined 1 when they generoufly and frankly acknow- ledged, that they fell into the hands of the Comnnodorc by the chance of war, and that though they were pri- foners, they were notwithDanding at liberty to treat, for their releafe: they faid farther, that it was not the cuf- tom among European nations to putprifoners to deathi) but that (he laws of war authorized much fevercr treat- ment than they had hitherto met with from their con' querors. This confeflion from an enemy had great weight with the Chinefe, who. till thett. though they had revered the Commodore's naval force, had yet ful-- pcdbNi his morals, and had cnnfidered him rather as » lawlefs frcc-booter, than at one commiflioncd by the ftate for the revenge of public imuries. • On the 20th of July, three Nland?.rtRes with their re« tinue came on board, mkI brought the Viceroy's permit fi>r a daily fupply of proviflons. and for pilots to carry the (hips up the river ah high at the fecond bar ; and, at the fame time they delivcted:a me(Iage,from the Vice- roy, in anfwer to that p«rt of the .Qom'modoie's letter which related to hit vifiting hit Excellency; the fub- (lance of which mefTaee wu, that the Viceroy wi(hed the Commodore to defer hia vifit tiU the hot feafon was over, but that, in September, when the Weather would be morc-tempcratei tie fhould be glad to receive him^ This the Conunodore looked upon u a fincfTe, know- ing an exprefs was fent up to the Emperor's court at Pea ing t whence the real motive for putting oft' the \i* fit feemed to be to gain time .to receive the Empcror'a inftrudlions concerning the ceremony to be obfervcd at his reception. The Mandarines, having difpatchcd this part of their commifCon,' next entered upon the bufinefsor the portchaigca; vvhereupoh the Cpmmo-i dore at once cut them ftfort. by (c)lin|^ them, that, aa he did- not come to trade, he wa^ not to be treated upon the fame footing with traditw fhips; that hia Britannic Majelly's (hips never paid cudoms in the ports of Europe, nor ever would be fubjedt to any pe- cuniary impolfs in any other port \vhatcvcr. Finding nothing to be gained on this head, they told the Con»- modore, that they had ftill another matter in charge* and that was the releafe of the prifoncrs taken on bmid the galleon} for that the En^teroc would nevcl' permit. 4 Z ihe H ! i\ ■'.^j 1 -'1 f ' J! Ill : M I ii'irli sw CoMMoDOR K (ifterwardi Lord) ANSON 'i ll)c ruh'reAs «f princvt with whom he was in alliance to Iw helo in bondage in hii dumininnt, r furgcon on boarid the calleon was quite ignorant in his prnfclHon i but at the lame time he fent an officer to demand his commiffion. Pretending to the officer thtt he was unable to irtove, he renrrcd him to a fmall box in a locker of his private cabbin, in which, he faid, it was, and likewife a fword-belt fet with diiimonds of great ^ue, his own property ( but, uponfcarch, neither the commiifion nor the belt could be found: and, u foine of our people had been rummaging both that and other Cru of the fiiip, he protefied, that, if they could not there found, they muft have been taken away and concealed. Under colour of this concealment, tiMUgh he never produced his commiiTion, he all along re- ceived the moft humane and gentlemanlike treatment that the moft worthy officer couM defire or expefti and fuch was continued till his departure, when neither hi* chefts, of which he had two very large one*, nor any of his trunki or cafei were fiiffiirra to be Icarched : but every thins which he claimed as hi* perfunalefllcd* were delivered to him with the grrateft care and punc- malityt though, a* I was afterward* informed, tie had many valuable ventures ooiKealcd, which ought to have been delivered up aa prite to the captors i but, a* thu wa* never examined into, he cirriea them oflf with the left, and, it wa* fuppofed, wu not the leaft among the gainer* by the capture of his fhip. He perfifted, itow- ever, to the laft inthelofaof his commifTion and belt, and, though there were none on board on whom he could charge the theft, yet the Commodore fufficicntly exprefTed his difplcaTure againft the whole by the pro- Moition he laid upon us, as foon a* the prize came to an anchor in the river, bV which all communication waacut off between us and the country people, and no boat fudered to come near us but 4Xir own t by which fe- vereorder we were entirdydebarred from^rchafing our own provifions and neceflariea from the Chinefe, which the people in the Centurion were at fidl liberty to do; neither could we employ the Chinefe tradefmen to fup- plylu with apparel, of which we ftood greatly in need, though in thnt toothe Centurion'* peoplewere indulged: and all this for no other reafon,tliat was ever afligncd, but that, if the. jewel* the General had loft were con- cealed, the Commodore was determined the fecreter fhould have no opportunity of difpofing of them with- out being difcovercd. Had thi* precaution been taken, a* it ougnt. for the iatisMtion of thofe who fuflPered un- dcrthe feveiitypf the cenfure, and had the effe& of 4 the Spanilh Gcncnl been properly infJitdM, the (»- crcter would have been puMickly cxpoMi far, when we afterward* fell down to Mocao with the (Mm, whtff we fold the prize, 1 wa* myfcif told by an Irifli priaft, that the General had both nis commtAlonand his belli that he made no,fecret of the matter at Mocao i mS that he had oA^rcd the jewels (being only made up by way of blind) among the merchants for fiile. nit to return: during our ftty in the river Canton^ our people were employed in repairing the Centurion, over jMuling her fail* and rigging, cIcMifiM and ven- tilating her deck* and quarter* bchm, and in paying and decorating her hulli infimtuch, that when fiw came to fail, the had more the appearance of a fhip newly fitted out, than one that had been a thtw years voyage in traverfing the globe. While tktfr m^p were iMng on board the Centurion, we in- the prist were buAcd in rummaging for trcafiuv, till about tfic latter end of Auguft, when we made a full tod of Mr ffaurch, and found, upon account of therapton, in l]pccie, 1,171,546 dollan, and 1,334 of wrought plait and viigin filver. The jewel* we found were not then vahwd. At the fame time that the infisrior officers and fea- men were employed in thefe dlffinrcnt fervices, the Commodore had a ftill moit important buflncfi in hand. He knew it was impofTible for u* to proceed to Europe without an ample fupply of jpravifiom and other lea ftore*! and, though we were fumithed with a daily al- lowance, yet no order had been obuined for viAualling u* far our intended voyage. ApplicatkM had indeed been made, and term* agreed upon with the contrac- tors to fiimifh whatever was ncccffiiryi and they had underuken to procure the Viceroy's permiflion for the delivery I but when, about the middle of September, the proper officer was fent to enquire what forwardneft theic things were in, he found that neither the baker ImmI begun to oake the bread, nor the butcher to kiU the oxen, nor was the leaft ftep taken to comply with any one article of the asreement. Wc couUT no otherwile account for this faitnlefi procedure of the Chinefe, thaa by fuppofing they meant to ftarve us into a compliance with their accuftomed demands for port chaiges, with which the Commodore was determined never to ac- quiefce. Indeed, it wu fiifpcded, that the contrac- ton themfelves had Tome intereft in promoting the de- lay, though it wa* not coTy to penetrate the views by which they were influenced, u it may with truth be au ferted, that in artifice, falflwod, and atuchment to all kind* of lucre, the Chinefe, u a nation, ore not to be SndMcd by my other pecdie under the fun. It were dleTs to recount all the anukeii extDrtiom, and fnuda, which were pradifadon theCominodore and hia people by thia inteieftcd race. The method of buying provi- Iwns in China being by weight, the tricks made ufe of to make them heavy are afanofl incrtdibie. At one \ time a number of fowl* and ducks beiiy bought for the fhip'* ftore, the greateft part of thetii prelcntly died, which fpread a f(enenl alarm on bnard left they ftiould have died of poifoni but, on examination, it was dif- covered that tney had been crammed with fmall ftonee and snivel to increafe their weight. The hogi, too, bought of the Chinefe butcher* rndy killed, were found to Mve had water injc.* '«*v a 2tmUiJ%UiiA*d lf'^lt>c.ra»ff»**tJB)^Ji4rmf.*fi*P»tmiu>«»n-atw. VOYAGE ROUND the WORLD. J67 > 'V The treachery of the contnidon being now difco- vettd. the Commodore dcteitiined to renew hli former requifition for an audience widi the Viceroy. With this view, he notified hit intention td.thc proper Man- darine, and defired that he would fix the time with the Viceroy when he would be pieafed to receive him i at the fame time giving him to underfhind, that, on the firft of O^ober. he mtended to proceed in his boat to Canton. The Mandarine returned for anfwer, that he would acauaint the Viceroy with the Cdmmodore's in- tentions. At it wu apprehended, that the payment of the cuftomary duties would be demanded at this interview, the Commodore took the neceflary precautions to pre- vent tlwChinefefrom fitcilitatingthe liiccefsof their pre- tenfions bry having him in their power at Canton, and, thereibre,gavethecommand of the Centurion tohisFiift Leiutenant Mr.Brett (now Sir Piercy), with orders, if he ihould be detained, tolie at the mouth of the river, and fuller no (hip or boat to pift or repafs till he was re' leafed, by which the whole navigation of the river would be iimnediatdy oMhu^ed. This being kaowh tethe Chinefe, they were now more than ever em b a r r afl td in their ddiberations. The morning of the ill of 06fober arrived, and juft as the boats crew, ei^teea in number, which the Commo- dore propofed to take with him, appeared in their uni- form, namelv, fcarlet jackets and bluefilk waiftcoats, the whole tniraned with filver, with lilver badges on their jackea and cape, his linguift came to him from the Mandarine, to tell him, that a letter had been re- ceived from the Viceroy, defiring the Comnwdore to defer his intended purpofe for two or three days, which ilot being doubted, the men were ordered to be undreft, and the prepairations were all laid afidet but, in the af- ternoon (rf'the (kme day.another lipguift, dune on board, (eemii^y in a great ptaic; informing hihi, that the Viceroy had eipeiScd hihi up thatdart ,that th« cMm- oil was afTembled. and die tmofit uhdd'arnW ttfjtceive him; and that the Viceroy was highly incenfed at the diiappointment, and had rent the Commodore's Itiwuift to pnfbn, chained, fiippofingliim to be thie' fble cauTe of the contempts Thuplaulible dore with his officers and crew obferving, were inftantly about to carry into execution; but they were told, that whatever they pulled down ' they rtiuft build up^gainat their own expcnce, and that none but a Mandarine mufi prefume to dired upon fuch occafions. The Commodore, on this admonition, difpatched his people to the Ei^lifh fii^lory to afTift them in fecuring their effects, as it was eafy to forefce that no difhinre was fafe from fire, where the common people contented themfelves with gazing at it, and now-and-then holding up an idol or two to extinguifh it. At length, however, a Mandarine came out of the city, with 4 or (OO firemen, who made fome very feeble efrorts to pull down the neiehbounng houfes; but by this time the fire had extended itfelf, and had fpread anwngthe merchants warehoufes, where the Chinefe firemen had neither fpirit nor fkill to encounter it ; fo that it was feared the whole city would have been laid in afhes. In this emergency, the Viceroy vouchfafed to make his appearance, and a mefTage was lent to the Com- modore requefting. hit affiftknce. Accord ingly, he haf. ; tencd a fecond time, with about 40 of his people, to thi . ; plact where the fire raged with the mofl: violence, and mfi{^tof the whole city performed fuch daring, and, to the people who beheld them, fuch aftonifhing feats, that they kioked upon them as falamanders, and cried ' out,' that they coaM live in fire. In truth, it was no un- common thing to fee the boldeft and moflaftive among thetti tumble on the rOofii amidfl the ruins of the houfes . which thtrtr Own efibrti had brought down under them. : And thus, by their refoiution and agility, the fire was veiy foon fubdued, to the alftonilhment of the Chinefe , who were fpedators of the wonders they performed. On this occafion the Swcdilh was the only European fiu^rythat fuflered; yet on my arrival in England, to my no fmaU diverfion, ■ I read in the Paris Gazette, that ; the city of Canton had been iiltnoft wholly deftroyed ; ] and that, in particular, theEnj^ifh, Dutch, Danifh, and Portu||ueiefiidories, had been burnt down, and almcrfb allVheircffedscortflimedi but that the French fiidtory had providentially efcaped,their goods being all fhipped before the confla^irationreichednie^uartfer allotted for' their rdidence. ' Thisfignalafliafencesailteilthe Admilral much re- fpea ; he^was the nextdly waited upOn by the princi- pal inhabitanu with prefcnts and thanks; and foonaf. tcr, a meflikgeeamefrom the Viceroy appointingthc 30th of Novembtr fb^ the day of midience. Being highly pieafed #itH his kftintimAtiOA; he rnftaoily gave orders : for the MeefDuy pr^knttions ; andengi^ Mr. Flint, a gentleman belOiMtfAg to theEnghfh fidory, for his interpreteri who, being trained up from his infancy amoag'the Chinefe, fpoke their language fluently, and who wks not afraid to declare with boldtiefs what the Admimil dUiyered Mfn in chaigCi a part which the Chi- nefe interpreters would not luve dared w have per- fbrm«d *ith equal fidefity. Oh thediiy amwimcd, at to o'clock, the Commodore and his retinue fet out; and, as he entered the outer gate of the city, he was met by a guard of aoo foldiers. who conduaed him to the great parade befin« the Empc. ror's piihce, in which die Vicnay thensi^itel. where a body of troops to the numberofio,d09 were ^iNiwn up underarms, who made a fine aMMMance, beiiwkU new cloathed Ibr this ceremony. iVrough the mk^le of this body theComihedofc yrittk his retinue inarched to (hf ^ w ri iii «f- I 368 !lum«.ui ii»iii .i L. 1. ■' Co NT M-O p O NT E (aftfi!Wfifd« to» d) A. N S Q n's the hail of audience, where.hc f(|iiMKl th« Viceroy farted under a rich canopy in th« Emporor'i chair ofRitK, with all his couiKii of Mandarines auqnding. He w*P teatcd che third in onjcr from the Viceipy, thf clv<^ of the law and trcafury beiiur the only perfore|,reat$d' above him. He then, addreinng himfelftQ the Vice- roy by his interpreter, complained to him of the de- lays he had met with, the mfmcerity of thofe he had employed, the vexatious impolitions of the officers of lihc cultoms, the grievances of the BritiQifMbicf^t and, finally, the lofs fulUined by the Haflii^fiicld Indiarnan,; who had arrivctd tiKrf difmafted but ariew days bcfpre the fire happened, by which the crew hud' been great AifTcrers, and the Captain in particular, who had lo(\ a chell of treafure v^luc 4500 uhel. To the latter ^tick the CoTftmodorc received for aqfwer. that, in (ettliog: the Emperor's cuOqito with tW (nip, tb« Q^puin ])iDuld be confidered^ To the otWrcQin^infk {bC; Ciiommodorc received no. anfwer at all. Andhi^vjng now gone through the feveral articles he had in chaise frpm the company, he entered next iipon his own ;|ffairs, and panicularly conceminK the licence tofhip i|(fhis provilipiH and ftorcs« >vhichi he laid, waifjaU ifc^dy, and the fcafop ^ fai|ing;WM qow fet in.- Th<;! Viceroy repiif:/^ tqttii«k tK*c the Hc«nc( (hould be im- uiedi.'\tcly iflTucd, and that tvety tbiM flwukl be ordered on board the (ollowing day. The Dufmers being now at an end, the Viceroy continued the converfatioi) for lbii>c time on matters of indilfercnce and cvrioi^y i. and, afcf r obfcrving tlf^t th? Centurion h^d b^^lipOg: ^n theucoafl:, hccoocludod wiih>ckn^wl); 9(ii^ with wishing hinr a . profpcroiis voyjigp ; tO! Q^v^, Britain. Thu^ happ^)[. concludicd t)m jl<)ng-exp4<3^ l^' very next day. ijodnpw ai) theiprapi|rMiQnd fiomVMfithSTtiih.'hd, that I thought it inip9(I^e to nwet wiih Mi M ■, bu- tydes fanqM^ t¥4 f^j^gmoti v«nd> tii% wmiil)i:M>f%. loi^r, we IhoukI ha«t fptfoA it di9cult:mjhaye«}«^ that coafts but, 09 the, lift, th« wind atMOd^.lfHp.th^: wether bc(;»ntj g»o(J^iWe, , iQft thP imhcrt>»/«»(!Jfl-> wind &t inland jV„ il> length I ^tf'm^cCmi^ ^<^nig|ptJtiiwrm(iE4i^ c^nded itfclf tprMPr >((i»<)«g6nh ,|ta bfa,4:«nPfarf4i very large J^ndb«^lft; ffrtirlWhtnlPicp.-^pfetcUWfc Kl^ve ,per<;fiived, 4t-ii)yMR ?li*>S{i« diameter above the hojHjion. The next xm$ h pMerved its ^iftjBS?fypm.Jti«:-pljW« Yj9««; Ifr'b* a6.d«f. SP n»in. following the order of the planetii but not having inltrMmuimj^iloMjr for tsJ^i^ altitude* witlwut a very obvious f?n(*le/honjWft,rwas prevented fiom mqMns lWn^V»WloWob^^ Prom thU time. ;iU the 6j(H o(f mtfK vn M B«*M w^fnh**, with few ex« W)tipn^t,buj on,,th«*n() ^thq.tbfise foljowi^g dws; being near the C»pR of Good Hope, we had Ibmc boif- tcrous (tprmst yef,,Awhen, we arrived at Table-bay, on. the iith, the j^h luvw not that any fuchhad hap-i poncd. Wefiw4ridinBhefRf»v^liA^paa.India- mcn, the 5»ljlburjr an4 Warwick, each of which falutcd us >Kiith 13 gans,and!wp returned I A. yife alfo found five Dutch fliipa, one of which having, m Admiral; a flagat hismaiMop-'nasai-h»«^i^j|j were very- rotten, an4 tbffiMXt dayfnppi^anjn wi^(i;i|hcr*,pur-! dwfcd frw the Dutch, UtffiMS9fm9^oKc(HU>^ tmvedMll thebcgmwng pf AprJ, h^«#iig^tcd witl?; t|)- place, and during his Itay/entarecJijib^iut.^o.new: men. On the 3d of May, Juvit^ ,gq^plcate(| ow- w«er and proyifions, we , 0^ ;^t (JWi W^ r Kjnng this; fquall the;ffijp Jaid. qffM'9iW'Y:iWcJ?i..«Wwf w«ie.in,th^ utB[>oftjdangw age„. ,h.l,- ivif ; ;.m , Tbf 9th of June, to the evening,, if hfrifi^atthick fog^. wjcoiia fiidjdeiiia* a fiiip clolc by. us.! wc fired a-ibocj s^vi,1irpugH^l herto. She«roved,anvEn)g^P4 (^^p from Aoiftfp^BiiWibpiwifi. ifrf.Jpiila^e^^ifijor ^l^vi^ w>d|,: P*J»«i^.«»?igWi»t: -^ g»v<:,MS tJK;,M: noti(;c .ojj «, VffcW>»h*itw», ;J|R44yfl(^d on Vfvovagfi,,^^ lOthpf Jpne )^q.Tt«l« w»Hnih»*.^»rl«P fihacf .pfiti^^jqtljliw.. ^^ .ky'fj i«w54v«w.4jB,l»t4aile« ., Hp)¥3ii.'^5«'Wijf|efme, o<^^^^ tW) UW Pf iWijlht, yeh ^yVrf jjunmfr^ another which .wa» dJftbledj4|jiilk«iBB^f^lilU:fi»»p proved the S^la^i «B«ide5irtj»%r.:JHmC> ^ffim^^i'^^iasmbi'^'^ Mift-ba? is of,th^t WBLWjfflftpWft^te^'WW weighed, ■»?>4fg^li1l anchored at ^tilkMi > SlVHtiFf mm'^ *,\(m ?«4, B*4KftS««».l)^l»**;b^»^/)»Wf4.ihr«« yn nine »nonthfc,^5;Rtavjng^by,Hff i^vf n^. *s,Mrr Wajtcr ob- ,'WitW,,¥w}y,.2iic fi^ ,f^^d,rprefy.,^ ofjftor- awri ". ' •' ■• I. .jvoyiige to .a, conclufion. at ZtiulmnUMMfKdrmMffftU HU-SliiftdirmA y'i*mmi,'\rfrr/frii'. ■it i . ■m V O Y A G E ROUND the W O R L D. 3^9 conclufion.it may, perhaps, be expected that v.c fhould give fome account of the SpaniOi fquadron, which we have more than once had occaJlon to mention, and which was to near intercepting the Commodore at fira fcttine out, that, had the Spanifh Admiral cruifcd to the eaftward of the ifland of Madeira, inftcad of the weftward of it, the two fleets muft have certainly met ; and. in that cafe, whatever had been the event of the aftion. the progrefs of the voyage muft have been effec- tually prevented. - . , ^ «. „ • n.- This fquadron was compofed of the following Ihips : the Afia, of 66 guns. 700 men, commanded by Don Jofeph Fizarro, as Admiral ; the Guipufcoa. 74 K"""' 7CX3 men 1 the Hermiona, 54 gui". 50° men ; the hfpc- ranza. 50 guns, 450 men; tTic Eftcvan. 40guns,350 men : and a patache of 10 guns, 1 10 men 1 and oyer and above this complement, they had on board an old bpa- ni(h repimeni of foot, intended to reinforce their gar- rifons in the South Seas, and to counterbalance the land forces that it was known were intended to be put on board the Commodore. . ,. • , u When this fleet had cruifed, as has been faid, to the leeward of Madeira, till they were in a manner certain that the Commodore, had either paffcd by, or deferred his voyage, their Admiral determined to purfuc his in- ftrudlions. and continue his courfe to the South Seas ; but firft, it was neceflary to fleer to the coaft of Brazil to recruit his provifions, being vidlualled only for tour months, and more than two of the four being already elapfed. , . . / Accordingly, about the b(^inning of November, 1740, he quitted his ftation off the Madeiras, and, on the Jth of January following, arrived at the river of Plate; where coming to an anchor m the bayofMal- dando, he fent immediately to Buenos Ayres tor a "^hile they lay here, they received intelligence, by the treachery of the Portuguefe Governor of St. Cathc- rinc's. of the Commodore's arrival at that port, and ot the weak condition he was then in; but, whatever were his reafons, Pizarro declined making any other ufe ot this intelligence, than haftcning his pr^arations to double the cape, which he hoped to effect before the Commodore was in rcadinefs to follow him. With this view, after refrefliing his crew, and recruiting his water he inftantly fet fail without waiting (or his pro- viiion's (which, however, arrived a day or two after he fet faiW. rightly concluding, that if he got the ftart of the Commodore in the South Seas, he (liould not only alarm thecoaft, but fo ftrengihen the forts againft the attacks of the enemy, as effedually to baffle their de- figns. by depriving them of the means of procuring neceffaries. But, notwithftanding this precipitation. the Commodore put to fca four days before him. and, in fome part of the paffage round the Cape, the fleets were fo near each other, that the Pearl, as has been faid, being feparated in a ftorm, ran within gun-fliot of the Afia, before (he found her miftake. It was with the utmoft difficulty, and not without confiderable rewards, that the Spanilh failors were pre- vailed upon to undertake the pairage round Cape Horn at that tempeftuous feafon : however, being once en- ^ged. they continued to perfevcre, till by the latter end of February they had run the length of the Cape, and were turning to the wcftward. when a ftorm atofe, in which the Guipufcoa, Hermiona, and Efperanza, loft fight of the Admiral, and on the 6th of March the Guipufcoa was feparated from the other two. On the 7th the ftorm increafed, and by its itrefiftiblc violence drove the whole fouadron to the eaftward, and, after Several unfuccefsful efforts, obliged them to return to Ate coaft of Brazil, where the Afia took ftlelter in the river of Plate, and about the middle of May was joined by the Efperanza and Eftevan ; the Hermiona having, as was fuppofed, foundered at fea. as flie was never more heard of, and the Guipufcoa being run aftiore and funk on the coaft of Brazil. The patache, wc ftiould have obferved, was condemned before they quitted the coaft of Bi, -.1, and her crew diftributed among the other fliipst fo that of the fix ftiips of whidi this N0.4S. fquadron orijjinally confiltcd, there now on'y remained three, and tnofe in a inoft mifcrable coi]diii»>n; for; thougii It docs ftot appear, that the Spaniards were ftf feverciy vilited with that moft fatal difcafc the fca-fcu'r* vy, which carried off fo many of the Lnglifli in thU paffagc\ yet they were reduced by famine to fuch infi*. nite diftrcft, that rats, when they could be caught, were fold for four dollars a>piecc ; and a failor. who died on board, had liis death concealed for ftvcral dnys by |ii» brother, who during that time lay in the fame hartii mock with the ilead cbrpfe, only to receive the dead man's allowance. , , In this dreadful fituation. they were alarmed bythtf difcovery of a confpiracy among the foldicrs on board the Afia, to murder the .\dmiral, and all the ftiip'a crew, originating from no other motive but that of ap- propriating the whole rtock of provifions to thecon- fpiratorsown proper ufe. But this pl/rt was prevented, when juft upon the point of execution, by means of the pricQ on bo.»rd, who, having taken the confefiion of one of the conrpinitorH as he lay at the point of death, pur-* fued proper mcafurcs to defeat their bloody purpofes, and to bring three of the ring-leaders to condign pu- nifiiment. But, though this combination failed of its effeO:, there were other diftreffes that multiplied upon them, and which could not be prevented. Hunger and thirft, the niriH dreadful of all other calamities, daily became more grievous ; the ftiips grew continually more and more leaky, and the men lets able to ftaiid at the pumps 1 nothing was to be feen biit defpondency in every coun- I nance; nothing heard but lamentations and com- plaints, which were embittered by the abfolute impoft: fibility of relieving them. Under the weight of theft affcding ciicumftanccs, the Afia was near finking, when Ihc arrived at Monte Vedio with fcarce half her crew alive. The Eftevan, when flic anchored in the bay of Barragan, had In like manner loft about the fame number of her hands; but, what was ftill worfc, and is almoft incredible, the Efperanza, out of a crew of 4J0 feamen which flie brought from Spain, had only j 8 that reached the ftiore, and the whole regiment of loldiers, 60 men only excepted, peri Hied. Being now in want of all kinds of neceffaries, mafts, yards, rigfring, provifions.and money, Pizarrodifpatched an cxprcfs overland to St. Jago, in Chili, to be from thenre forwarded to the Viceroy of Peru, defiring A remittance of 200,000 dollars; and what muft aftonifti the reader is. that the Indian who was charged with this difpitcii, though in the depth of winter, when the Cordilleras are judged impallhble by reafon of the fnnw. was only ij days in his journey from Bucnot Ay^es to St. Jago. places diftant from each other 300 Spanifh leagues. At the fame time an advice-boat was fent with a letter of credit to Rio Janeiro, to purchafc what vas wanting of the Portuguefe; but neither the one nor thv^ other of thcfedifpatches fucceeded to the wifh of the Spanilh Admiral. The Viceroy, inflead of 200,000 dollars, fent him only 100,000; and the Portu- guefe, inftead of fiirnilhing him with mafts and yards, the principal articles of naval ftorcs that he wanted, fpared him only fome pitch, tar, and cordage, with which he was obliged to oe contented : but a more mor* tifying difappointment he had ftill to fuffer; for a car- penter, whom, after the return of the money, he had triiftcd with a confiderable funt, and whom he had fent up into the country of Paraguay to cut mafts, in- ftead of profecuting the bufinefs with which he was en- truftcd, married in the country, and fettled out of his rea.h, rcfufing to return. In this dilemma, the only thing that could be done, was, to (hift the mafts of the Efperanza into the Afia, and to fit up the Eftevan with what fparc mafts and yards they could mufter, and with thefe two fliips to hazard a fecond attempt to double Cape Horn, as it was now fummcr, and the weather lefs fevere. But a certain fatality feemed to prefide over every part of this unfortunate'^expcdition. The Eftevan, as ftie was com- ing down the river Plate, ran on a ftioal and beat off her rudder; and the Afia, though ftic procec4^ alqne S A with. ■HIi ' 1, i :l ■ :-•" k I v$70 •rmm' Commodore (alterwardi L, o r d) A N S O N's V O Y AGE. with moderate weather and a favourablc^^lc, yet when (he came to the height of Cape Horn, anii was tack- jng to change her cogrft to the ucflward, by foinc iiiif- conduifl in wearing the (hip, rolled away her mafts, »nd Mos a fecond time forccn back to the river of Plate i from whence Fizarro undertook to crofs the continent by land, and with foinc difficulty accompliihed his dcfign. By this time Don Mindinuetta, Captain of the Gui- pufcoa, wrecked, as has been faid, on the coaft of Br:w- zil, arrived, with thofe of his crew who efcaped, at the place of gcncrni rciuiexvous; and, finding the Efpe- ranza without malls, applied a fecond time to the Por- tuguefe, by whofe aniHance he completed her repair, and, in 1741, doubled the Cape, and arrived in the South Seas, where he was met by Pizarro, who claimed the command of the Efperanza, which Mindinuein difputing, an irrcconrilcaDle quarrel arofc between the two Commanders, which the Viceroy of Peru in Vain endeavoured to reconcile. In 1 74J, they both returned over land to the coaft of Brazil, where they found the Afia ftill in a fhattcred condition. This fliip, how- ever, they determined to carry to Europe, and, with this view, they fitted her up in the bcft manner they could; and, having manned her partly with Portu- fuefe, partly with F.nglifli prifoners, and p;iitly with paniards, together with lomc Indians whom they forced out of the country, ihey fet fail from Monte Vcdio for Europe aboi;t the beginning of Novem- ber; but they had not been lone at fca before the In- dians, eleven in number, formed a confpiracy to de- ftroy the Spaniards, and to regain their liberty, in which they had hopes of being joined by the Englilh and Portugucfc, whom the Spaniards- ufcd with great infolcnce. At the head of this confpiracy was their Chief Orellana; and one evening, about nine o'clock, he and his companions came all together on the quar- ter-deck, and drew towards the door of the great cab- bin. The boatfwain immediately reprimanded them, and ordered them to be gone ; on this Orellana fpoke to his followers in his native language, when four of them drew off, two towards each gangway, and the Chief and the renuining fix feemed to be (lowly quitting the quarter-deck. When the detached Indians had taken polTeflion of the gang-way, Orellana placed his hands hollow to his mouth, and bellowed out the war-cry ufed by thofe favages. This was the fignal for begin- ning the maflacre; accordingly, the fix, with their Chief, w4io ranained on the quaitor-dcck, falUfig fud- ?5? denly on the Spaniards who were intermingled with them, laid near forty of them at their feet, of which above twenty were killed on the fpot, and the rn-U dT. abled. Many of the officers, in the beginning of the tumult, puflied into the great cabbin, where they put out the lights, and barricadoed the door; whilft of the reft, fome endeavoured to cfcapc along the gang-way* into the forecaftic, where the Indians placed on pur- pofe dabbed the grcateft part of them as they attempted to pafs by j others threw themfctves into the waftc, and thought thcmfelvcs fortunate to lie concealed amongft the cattle; but the grcatefl part efcaped up the main- flirouds, and (heltercd thcmfelvcs either in the tops or the rigging; and though the Indians pttackcd only the (luaitcr-deck, yet the watch in the forecaftic finding their commuitication cut off. in the utmoft terror like- wife gave alt over for loft, and in great confufion ran up into the rigging of the fore-maft and bowfprir. But when the Inaians had intircly cleared the Quarter- deck, the timiult in a great meaUiie fubfided; tor, not being joined, as they expcded, by either the EngliHi or Portugucfc, they could not purfue their advantage by carrying thcdiforder into thofe quarters to which they had driven the Spaniards, who thereby gained time for rccolleiflion; and, on finding none concerned in the plot but the Indians, they refolved to attack them in their turn en the quarter-deck. With this view, Pi- zarro and his officers ventured to half-open the cabbin- door, which Orellana attempting to force, was fliot dead by Mindinuetta; on which his faithful followers, abandoning all thoughts of further reliftance, inftantly leaped into the fca. Thus was this infurredlion quelled, and the Spaniards fuffered afterwards quietly to pro- ceed on their voyage ; and, about the beginning of 1 746, they arrived fafe in Spain, after having been abfent bc- twcen four and five years. By this unfortunate expedition the naval force of Spain was much weakened : they loft in it 3000 of their beft failors, one whole regiment of veteran foldiers, four ftout (hips of war, and a patache; for we have ob- ferved that the Hcrmiona foundered at feS; the Gtti- pufcoa was ftranded and funk on the coaft of Brazil; the St. Eftcvan was condemned and broke up in the river of Plate; and the Efperanza, being carried into the South Seas, was unable to redouble the Cape, or to return back ; fo that the Afia alone may be regarded as all the remains of that fquadron with which Pizarro fuft put to fca. * ANEW, ;(. 4« A NEW, AUTHENTIC, and COMPLETE ACCOUNT of ^ VOYAGE Round the WORLD, UNDERTAKEN AND PERFORMED By Sir FRANCIS DRAKE, in the Pelican, HAVING UNDER HIS COMMAND The Elizabeth, Marygold, Swan, and Chriftopher Frigates: Performed in the Years 1577, 1578, 1579, and 1580. 5S-8S BEFORE wc proceed to the relation of the particu- lar Voyages that charaderizc the navigators who firftfurrounded the globe, and who immortahzed their names by their fkill and their courage, it may be cx- pc^ed that we Ihould give fomc account of their fami- lies and firft fctiingout, the diftinguiftied marks of ge- nius that led them to prefer the fatigues and dangers of a fca-farinjr life to learned eafe, or the calm purfuit of lefs hazardous employments; and that wc {hould trace the ftcps by which they rofe to eminence by thcii bra- very and their condudl. The bare narration of the incidents recorded in a linglc voyage, however memorable, would convey but a very imperfcd knowledge of the general charader of thofe renowned heroes, who carried the gbry of their country to the remoteft regions of the earth. We (hall, therefore, endeavour to follow them as they advance to fame, ai\,d accompany, them from their higheft eleva- vation to that period when all diftindions are levelled. The celebrated mariner, of whom we are now to give an account, was fon to Edmund Drake, a gentleman of Taviftoke, in Dcvonfhirc, who, being inclined to the doftrine of the Proteftants, at that time much op- pofed by Q. Mary, was obliged to quit his place of rc- lidencc, and retire to Med way, in Kent j where, after that Queen's death, he was firft appointed Chaplain in the royal navy, and afterwards Vicar of Upnor. In thcfe employments, his appointmonts being fmall, and his family large, he owed the education of feveral of his children to the kindncfs of his relations, and that, in particular, of Francis, the eldeft of twelve, to Sir John Hawkins; under whom, as it appears, he very early diftinguilhcd himfclf, and laid the foundation both of his fame and his fortune. The learned Camden, indeed, informs us, that he was put apprentice to the ii^after of a fmall trading veflcl, in whofe fervice he behaved fo well, that his mai- ler, dying a batchclor, left him his veflel as a reward for his diligence : but Stowc, who fecms better informed, reprefents nim in a fuperior light ; tells us, that Francis RulTcl, afterwards Duke of Bedford, was his godfa- ther; and that Sir John Hawkins was his near relation. What Camden relates of Francis may, however, be true of his brother ; for there were no lefs than four who were bred to the fea. Be this as it may, the firft entcrprizc of confequence, in which wc find him engaged, was in a voyage tm the Weft-Indies, as Captain of the Judith, under his re- lation already mentioned. Thofe iflands, having but lately been difcovered, and very little frequented by the Englifh, were thought fo much to abound in wealth, that no voyager thither could fail of being recompcnfed with great advantages. Nothing was talked of among the mercantile or adventurous part of mankind but the beauty and riches of the new world. Frefh difcoveries were frequently made; new countries and nations, never heard of before, were daily defcribed; and it mayeafily be concludtd, that the relators did not lefTen the merit of their difcoveries, by fupprefling or diminifhing any circumftance that might produce wonder, or excite curiofity. This was the age of enterprize and difcovcry; and her Majefty encouraged the ardour of her fubieds by furnifhing lliips and commilFions to fuch officers of diftindion in her royal navy as were willing to engage in hazardous purfuits. The projctiis, however, that were formed, were not always fucccfsfully carried into execution; they were frequently defeated by the ignorance of the adventur- ers, but more often by the malice of the Spaniards, who, from the firft difcovcry of America; conftdered every other nation that attempted to follow them, as in- vaders of their rights, and incroachers on their terri- tories. At that time, however, ais now, it was no un- common thing for thofe who went in fearch of new difcoveries, to carry on a kind of contraband trade with the newfcttlers; which, though prohibited by the Crown of Spain, was yet countenanced by the Viceroys and Governors : but even thefe would fomctimes take advan- fige of the power lodged in their hands, and make prize of the profits of the voyage, underprctcnceof an illicit trade. Among thofe who fuffcred moft by the injufticc of the Viceroys, was Sir John Hawkins; who, having ftruck out a new trade, highly advantageous to the par- ties concerned, though' difgraceful to humanity, fup- plied the Mexican Spaniards with flaves from Africa, and received from them, in return, large remittances in gold and lilvcr. This was connived at, though wc dp not find that it was abfolutely tolerated by the Spanifh court. It wis, however, after one of thofe fuccefsful voy- ages, in which we find two of the Queen's fhips en- gaged (namely, the Jefus, commanded by Hawkins, as Admiral; 372 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'i VQYA C E S . i Admiral i and the Minion, •( which Captain John Hampton wai Commander i with four otner armed trading (hip*, famong which was the Judith, Captain Drake), that, bcine driven by Rrtft of weather into the port of St. John d'Ulloa, in the bay of Mexico, they were there waiting ibr a fupply of provifioni, when the ^a(li(h fleet from Europe arrived, confifting of 1 3 fall, richly laden with European merchandize, and on board of which wa» a new Viceroy, As the port wai then abfolutely in the power of the Englifli, It was debated, among the principal officers, whether the Spanifli fleet (hould befuffercd toenteri as their Admiral fufpeifled, that, if they were admitted, they would contrive fomc means of dinrefllnghimi and if they were not, they tnud perifliat fcai an event that would certainly bring on a war, — a confequencc he could by no meant juftify. Upon mature deliberation, it was, therefore, judged fafeft to propofe an agreement with the Viceroy, to which he confented, and by which it was Oipulated, that the Englifli fliould hold one (ide of the harbour, and the Spaniards the other; and that hoflagc^ fliould be given on both iidcs, that no injury fliould oe done to either. But it was fimn difcovcred, that, though on the part of the Englifli, fix gentlemen were fcnt, yet, on that of the Spaniards, the noflagct were only common men. finely drcfTcd. This gave caufc of diflruflj yet the Engliln. naturally honcfl, were not fufiiciently on their guard. The Spaniards for fome wecki behaved with feeming cordiality; mutual civilities pafTed between the officers of both nations; and the Englifli having fupplicd their wants, were preparing to depart, when, all of^ a fudden, at a (ignal given, the Spaniards alTaulted their fliips as the oi^cers were at dinner, boarded the Minion by a concealed ambufcadc, which, however, was repulfed with lofs, and then a general maflacre enfued. The Englifli who were on fhore were all put to death ; three bf the four trading (hips were prcfently funk; and the Minion and Jefus were fo cmbarrafTcd by their moor- ings, that it was almofl a whole hour before they could be placed in a pofture of defence; which, however, was at [aft cffedled. They then returned the attack with fo much fury, that the Spanifh Vice- Admiral was foon blown up, and in her periflied 300 men ; and not long after the Spanifli Admiral himfelf was funk. The Spaniards, in revenge, fct two of their (hips on fire to burn the Minion and Jefus, the firfl of which fet fail and ef- capcd; but the Jefus, after fliifting her crew on board the Judith, fell a.vidvertirr(l of hi* intended vilit, rind of hi* rendezvous ut thnt port; «nw.f>rings, and cxtingiiinicd vnnt:/ of theif matches (Ipring-locks for miifkcts not being then in- vented)! a misfortune which might (bon nave been repaireil, and whii h, perhajjs, the enemy might fuller in common with them ; but which, however, on thil occafion, very much embarraflcd them, ns the delay produced by it reprell'cd that ardour which, fomctimes, is only to be kept up by continual adlion. It was in vain lor Drake to cxpoftulatc, or to reprc- feiit the dif^racc of returning in rags, after having the chief treafure of the world within their power j he there- fore reproached their cowardice, fet before their eyes the inur.inent danger to which they would inevitably be expofcd, if they iailcd to behave like men anxious for glory, and zealous for the honour of their country. Animated by thefe incentives, they refumed their former fpirit, and, pufliing brilkly forward, the whole company followed till they arrived at the trcafury, which, they inflifntly forced. Having thus far fucceeded, Drake committed the care of the riches to his brother, and Oxenham, of Plymouth, (a man known afterwards for his bold adventures in the fame parts) while he, with the main body, ftiould again return and reconnoitre the market-place, and difperfe any parties of the Spaniards that might be forming into a body to oppofe theif progrefs. With this view, as he was advancing, bis llrength fuddenly failed him, and he fell down fpeech* Icfs. Then it was that his companions perceived a wound in his leg, that he received in tlic firft rencounter, but hitherto concealed, left his men, cafily difcouraged, fhould make their concern for his life a pretence for re- turning to their boats. Such, however, had been his lofs of blool, as was dillovered upon nearer obf^rva- tion, that it had filled the prints of his footfteps ; and it appeared fcarcc credible, that, after fuch an cffulion, life fliould remain . The braveft were now willing to retii* • neither defire of honour, or of riches, was thought to prevail ih any man over his regard for his Icatkr. ■ ' Drake, whom cordials foon rcftored to his fenfes, was the only man who could not be prevailed on to leave the cnterprizc unfinifhed. It was to no purpofe that they advifed hiiti to fubmit to go on board to have his wound drcfTed, and promifed to return with him 16 coinplcat their defign. He well knew how impratflica- ble it was to regain the opportunity when it was once loft, and could eafily forefee that a rcfpitc of but a few hours would enable the Spaniards to recover from their conftcrnntion, lo aflcmble their forces, refit their bat- teries, and remove their treafure. What he had un- dergone To much danger to obtain, was now in h\i hands, and the thoughts of leaving it untouched was too mortifying to be patiently borne^ however, as there 5 ^ was i (I 'm 374 iR FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES was little time ivr lonlkikation, ami the famr danger attended their Oay in thai prrplcxiiy ami confulion, ai their return, they Uwim) ^ip hii woumi with hit fcarf, am), partly hy force, paMly hy intrcaty, they carried him bock to the boats, in which, with what treafurc they were able to bring olf, they all embarked by break of day. Then taking with them, out of the harbour, a floop laden with wme«, thcjr went to the Hafttmcntn's, an lOand about a league from the town, where they ftaid two dayi, to recover the wounded men who had been hurt in the ftrtt rencounter, and to resale them- fclvet with the wines thev had taken, and with the fruits that grew in great plenty in the gardena of that ifland. During their ftay here, there came over to (hat ilUnd a Spanith gentleinan, fcnt by the Governor with inftruc- tions to enquire whether the Cautain was that Drake w ho had before been on their coalt t whether the arrows with which many ot' their mvn were wounded were not poifoned ; and whether they wanted provilionsor other nccelTarics ? The mcflengcr, likcwife, extolled their courage with the highcl^ encomiums, and exprelFcd his admiration of their daring undertaking. Drake, though he knew the civilities of an cnrm^ arc always to be fufpcdled, and that the meirangrr, amidA all his pro. feflions of regard, was no other than a fpy, yet knowing that he had nothing to apprehend, treated him with the highell honours that his condition admitted of. In anfwer to his inquiiics, he alTurcd him, that he was the fame Drake with whofc character they were before acquainted ; that he was a rigid obfervcr of the laws of war, and that he never {lerinittcd the arrows dif- charged by his followers to be poifoned. He difiniflcd him with conliderabic prefentss and told him, that, though he had in part failed in this attempt, he would never delift from nis dclign of revenging the treachery of the Viceroy of Mexico, till he had Ihared with Spain »hc trcafufcs of America. He then rcfolved to return to the Iflc of Pines, where they had left their Oiips, and to confiilt almut the mca- furcs they were now to taket and, having arrived on the ift of Augult at their former fiction, they difmilFed Captaii. Kaufc, who, judging it unfafe to (lay any longer on the coad, dcfircd to be no farther engaged in their defigns. But Drake, not to be diverteiifrom his pur- pofe, after being cured of his wound, inquired of a ncgi'oe, wliom he took on board at Numbrc de Dios, the mod wealthy fcttlemenis, and wcakeil parts of the coaft, who advifed the attack of Carthagena. This the Admiral feeined to approve : and, fetting fail with- eut lofs of time, came to anchor, Augufl i j, between Charccha and St. Barnard's, two iflands at a little dif- tancc from the harbour of Carthagena. Then pafling with his boats round the ifland, he cotered the harbour, and in the mouth of it found a frigate with only an old man in it, who voluntarily infonncd him, that, about an hour before a pinnace had palTcd by, with fails and oars, and all the appearance of expedition and impor- tance; that, as (he palfcd, the crew onboard her bid him tike care of himfclf ; and that, as foon as ihc touched the (hore, he heard the noife of cannon, fired as a warn- ing, and faw the (hippingof the port drawn up under the guns of the caftlc. The Captain who had himfclf heaiu the difcharge of the artillery, was foon convinced that he was difcovercd ; and that, therefore, nothing could be attempted there with any probability of fuc> cefs. He therefore contented himfclf with taking a Ihip of Seville of 240 tons (which the relator of this voyage mentions as a very large (hip), and two fmall frigates, in which he found letters of advice from Nombre dc Dios, intended to alarm that part of the coaft. . Drake, now finding his pinnaces of great ufe, and pot having a fufiicicnt number of failom for all his ycflels, was defirous of deflroying the Sw«n, the (hip comnuuidcd by his brother, that the ochen might be better manned. This, necefTary as it was,' could not cafily be ^c without difgulling his company i who, having made fevcral profperous voyages in that wlTcl, would naturally ba averfe in her dcftrucikm. Drake knew that nothing but the love of their leaders couki aniiiMtc his follower! to encounter Aich hardfhip* as he was about to cxpofe them to 1 and, thcrrfere, rather chofe to brine his defigns to pafs by artiAcc thail hy authority. He lent for the carpmter of the Swan, took him into his cabin, and, havins firit engaged hiin to fecrccy, ordered him in the middle of the night, to go down into the well, and bore three holes throuuh the Iwttum, laving fomething againfl them that mignt hinder the buobhng of the water from being heard. To this the carpenter, after fome cxpoftulaiion, con^ fentcd, and the next night perforr ed his promife. Iti the morning, Augult the 15th, Drake, going out witH his piniMce a filhing, rowed up ta the Swani and, having invited his brother to partake of his diverfion, inquired, with a negligent air, why the Swan was fb deep in the water? Upon which, his brother, being alarmed, fcnt down his ftewardto learn the caufe, who returned immediately, with an account that the fhip was leaky, and in danger of fmking in a very little time. 'I hey had inftantly recourfc to the pumpi but, having laboured for five hours, and gained very little uimn the water, they willingly, according to Drake's ail>''.:c, let the vefl'cl on fire, and went on board the Pafcha. I'inding it now necefTary to lie concealed for fume time, till the Spaniards (hould forget their danger, and remit their vigilance, they fet fail for the Sound of Darien, and, without approaching the coall, that their cuurfc might not be obfcrved, tncy arrived there in fix days. This being a convenient place for their reception, both on account of privacy, it being out of the road of all tr.idc, and as it was well fupplied with woovl, water, wild-fowl, hogs, deer, and all kind of pro- viliuns, he flayed here fifteen days, to careen his vef- fcU, and rcfrcfh his men, who worked interchange- ably, on one day the one half, and on the next day the other half. On the jth of September, Drake left his brother with the fiiip at Darien, and fet out with two fmall vcifeli towards the Rio Grand, which they reached in three days, and on the 9th of the fame month were difcovercd by a Spaniard from the land, who believing them to be his countrvmcn, made a lignal for them to come on (hore, with which they very readily complied 1 but he. foon !'.:*ding his miftake, abandoned his plaiv* tation, where they found great plenty of provilions, with which having laden their vcficls, they departed. In the mean time, his brother. Captain John Drake, went, according to the diredions that had been left him, in fearch of the Symcrotu, or fugitive negroes, from whofc alliftancc they now entertained hopes of compleatlng the fuccefs of^thcir voyage : and, touching upon the main land, by means of the negroes whom they had taken from Nombre dc Dios^ engaged two of the Symcrons to come on board his Ihip. leaving two of his own men as hoflages tor their fafe return. Thofc men, having afTured him of the aflwdlion of their nation, appointed an interview between Drake and their leaders. With this appointment Drake beings nude acquainted, he immediately quitted Port Plenty, fo named by the £ngli(h from the great ftorc of pro- vi(ionjs they had omafTcd at that place, and came, by the dir-rdion of the Synicrons, into a fccrct bay, among beautiful itlands covered with trees, which concealed their (hips from obfervation. and where the channel was fo narrow and rocky that it was imponible to enter it by night; fo that there was no danger of a fudden fiirprizc. Here they met, and entered into engagements, which couwnon enemies and commai dangers preferved from violation. But the fir(l con* veriation informed the EngU(b that their expcCbtions were not kninediatcly to be gratified: for, upon their enquiries after the moft pn£able means of acquiring gold and lilver, the Symetons told them, that had they . known To the SOUTH SEA and ROUND the WORLD. 375 known fooncr the chief end <»»' their expedition, they could e«fily hiive graiitied themi but that during the rainy fe«fon, which wm now begun, they could mH re- cover the treafuie, which they had taken from the Si». nitrdi, out k aSuanjfti bark, with which they entered the har'oour in difguife » but were foon accofted by a Spanilh gentleman whom ihcy had fomctime before taken and k: at liberty t who coming to them in a boat, ai he pre- tended, without the knowledge of the Governor, made ihem great promifca of friendfhip, and profefTioni of efteem. But Drake, having waited till next morning without receiving the information he had been encou- fMed to expert, found that all thii pretended kindnefi wMno mofe than a Itratagem to amufe him. while the Governor wat raifing forces for hit dellrudlion. Thii appeared more clearly on the 20th, when two frigates, well armed and manned, came out in the night with a view to fur))rixv t!te pinnacei, and imke prifoner of Diakc : but thefe being difcovcred, and their dcfign ftuHratcd, Drake, when day-light approached, leapt in- trepidly ailiorc lin^le, in defiance of their troops, which bovircd at a dilbnce in the wood* and on the hilli, without ever vntiiring to advance within reach of the iliot from the pinnacei. To leap, however, upon an enemy's coaft, in fight of a fuperior force, onlv to (hew kow little they were fc-aretl, was an acl that in thefe times would .nect with little applaufc: but motives of policy might influence the condud of Drake, and make that neceflai y then, w hich ik>w appears a ridiculous bravado. Finding the whole country advertifed of his attempts, and in arms to oppofe him, he might make a feint only of laiiding to mcreafe their fears, and encourage their alarms, that ihcy might keep together till he (hould af- fault them in their deferted pods ; a Aratagem which there it rcafon to think he put in prai'tice, as he conti- nued upon the coalt till one of his veflfels had only a gamnum of bacon and a finall quantity of bread on boar4 tor feventeen men. and till there was on board bis o vn vcilei even a givater frarcity. But rcfolution and fucccfs reciprocally produce each other. They had not fiiiiled more than three leagues on their return to their fhips before they fell in with and attacked a Cocdling vcilcl, which alter fame rcfiftance they took, •nd happily found it laden with excellent provifioiu. He now determined to return to the Symcrons, with -whom, as has been (aid, he left his brother, and part of his force 1 and to attempt, by their afliftancc ana dircc- tiun, to make his way over, and invade the Spaniards in the inland parts, where they would probably never dream of an enemy. When they arrived at Port Diego, fo named from the negroe who had procured them their int«rcourfe with the Symerons, they found Capuin John Drake and one of his company dead, being killed in attempting, al- moft unarmed, to board a frigate well provided with all things neccflary for its defence. The Captain was unwilhog to make the attack, and reprefented to his company the madnefs of their propofal; but, being ovcr-bornc by their clamours and importunities, to avoi^thc imputation of cowardice, complied to hisde- ftrudion. But this was not the only misfortune that befel this little cosi\panyt for foon after many of them fell ill of rhc calenture, a malignant fever, very frequent in the hot climatea, which carried oft', among feveral others, loCsph Drake, anorher brother of the Commander. While Drake waa cmpbyed ia the recovery of the fick, the Symerons^ who ranged the country tor intel- ligence, brought him an account that the S^winilb fleet »ai arrived at Nombre de Dim, the truth of which was confirmed by a pinnace which he fcnt out to make obfervatinni. This, therefore, was the time for their journey, when the treafurcs of the American mines were to be tranfpofted from Panama over land, to Nombre de Di6i. He, therefore, by the dircdion of the Symeroni, furniOicd himfelf with all thiiigi necef- fary 1 and, on the third of February in the following year, fet out from Port Diego, luving M\ already twenty-eight of hit company, and being under the lie. celfity of leaving fome to guard his fliip, he took with him only 1 8 Englilh and 30 Symeroni, who not only fcrvedu guards to Ihew the way, but as purveyors to procure provilinns. They carried with them arrowi for war, and arrows for hunting and fowling, the heads of which are pro. portioned in lizc to the game they are purfuing. For oxen, (tags, or wild boars, they have arrows or lavelins with heads weighing a pound and half, which they dif- charge near hand, and which fcarcely ever fail of oeiog mortal. Their fccond fort are about half as heavy as the other, and are generally fliot from their bowst thefe are intended for fmaller bcafls. With the third fort, of which the heads are an oonce in weight, they kill birdi. As this nation is in a ftate which does not fet them above continual cares for the immediate ncccf- faries of lite, he that can temper iron bed is among them mofteilrci led; and, perna^ts, it would be happy for every nation, if honours and applaufcs were as Juftly diflributrd, and he were mo(t diuinguifhed whofe ta- lents were muft ufeful to focicty. f£very day by fun-rifing they began to march, and having travtlkd till ten, reded near fome river till twelve; then travelling; again till four, they repofed all night in huts, or wigwams, which the Symerons had either left Handing in their former marches, or very readily eicdcd for them, by fetting up three or four pods in the ground, and laying poles from one to ano- ther, in the form of a roof, which they covered with palmetto Iwughs and planuin leaves. In the vallies, where they were ihtltered from the winds, they left three or four feet next the ground open t but, on the hills, where they were moreexpofed to the chill blafts of the night, theythitched them clofe to the ground, leaving only a door for entrance, and a vent a-top in the middle for the fmoke of the fire to efcape. In their march, they met not only with plenty of fruiti upon the banks of the rivers, but with wild fwine in abundance, of which the Symerons without difficulty killed, for the mod part, as many as were wanted. One day, however, they found only an otter, and were about to drefs it t at which Drake exprefling his wonder, was afked Iw Pedro, the chief Symeron, " Are you a man of war, and in want, and yetdoubt whether this be meat that hath blood in it.'" For which Drake in private rebuked him, fays the relator; whether judly or not, it is not very important to determine; only it dicws the genius of the times when fuperdition prevailed, and when the greated men were not v, holly exempt from its influ . enccs. On the third day of their march, and the 6th of Frbruary, they came to a town of the Symerons, fitu- ated on the fide of a hill, and cncompaflcd with a ditch and a mud wall, to fccure il fioin any fudden furprize. Here they lived with great neatnefs, and in plenty ; and with fome obfcrvation of religion, paying great reve- rence to the crofsj a pra&icc which, the relator fays, Drake prevailed upon them to change for the ufe of the Lord's Prayer; which however, in fo Ihort a (lay, is very unlikely. Indeed, it i- added, that here they drongly importuned Drake toprolong his abode, promifing to double his force; but he, either thinking gre-iter num- bers unnecefTary, or fearing, that, if any difl^crence fliould arife between them and his own men, he (hould be overborne by numbers, he prudently declined their invitation, and their offa of additional afliftance, and that in fuch terms as exprelTcd his eagernefs to engage, and his confidence of fuccefs from the bravery of lis followers. ' The I fj 376 Sir F R a M G I 5 >D R a K E "s VOYAGES The Sytncrons continued to condudt him on his jour- ney, and led him through rural (hades and lofty woods, which flickered his people To eflfcdually from the fun, that their march was lef^ toilfome than if they had tra- velled in England during the heat of fummcr. Four of the Symerons that were acquainted with tho way, went about a mile before the main body, and cut off branches as marks to diredt them, for there was no beaten track; then followed twelve Symerons, after whom came the Enzlifh, with the two leaders ; and thi; other Symerons doled the rear. In this order, on the nth of February, they arrived at the top of a very high hill, on the fummit of which grew a tree of a wonderful height and magnitude, in which they had cut (Icps for the more eaty afcent to the top, where there was a kind of alcove, to which they invited Drake, and from thence (hewed him not only the Nonh Sea, from whence they came, but the great Pacific Ocean, on which no Englifh vellel had ever yet failed. This profpcifl exciting his natural curiofity and ardour for ad- ventures and difcoveries, he lifted up his hands to God, and implored his blefling upon the rcfolution which he that intrant formed of failing in an £ngli(h fliip on that inmKnfe fea. From this'ftupendous mountain they defcended, aftei- having fcaflcd their eyes with the grandeA profpe£l the earth (an furnifh; and in two days came into an open level country, where their march was incommoded with the grafs, which is of a peculiar kind, confuting of a i\a.\k like that of a bull-rufli, and a blade on which the oxen and other cattle feed till it grows too high for them to reach: then it is that the natives fet the whole on fire; and it is no uncommon thing to behold vallics of immenfc cjttenr in a blaze at once; from whence the cattle fly in the Ucraofl terror, and many pcrilh by the fudden conflagration. It might be fuppofcd, that this burning of the foil, would, in a hot climate, check the powers of vegetation, and that it would be years before the earth could recover its fertility; but it is jui> the contrary; the afhcsof the reeds arc hardly extinguifhcd before a new verdure begins to appear; and before a ;ri3n<.H is elapfed, the whole valley, beheld at a diAancc. looi'":u green as ever; fo aflonifhingly wonderful are the powers of Nature on this happy foil ! When they had arrived ivithin a convenient diflance of the road from Panama, they pofled themfelves in a grove or wood, near which the treafure was to be con- veyed from thence to Nambre de Dies. They then difpatched a trufly Symeron, in the habit of a (lave, properly inftruded, to learn on what day the mules, on V hofc backs the treafure is carried, were to fet out. Ihe nun was fo well qualified for the fervice, and fo in- duUrious in the profccution of it, that he foon returned with an account, that the trcafurer of Lima, intending to embark for Europe, would pafs the night following with eight mules laden with gold, and one with jewels; that it was their cuftom to travel by night, and to red in the da^', to avoid the heat; and that Venta Cruz was lo be their firft (bigc. On this intelligence, they changed their fltuation, and immediately dircdcd their march towards Venta Cruz, fending, (or fecurity, two Sygoerons, habited as l)efore, to examine the way, who, as they paffed along, perceived, by the fcent of a match, that fome Spaniard was before them; and creeping filently forward, fur- JKtecd a foldier afleep upon the ground. They bound lim, without otTering any other violence, and brought him to Drake, who, upon enquiry, found that their (py had not deceived xhcoi in his intelligence. The (bl- ^ior, having .nformcd himfelf of the Captain's name, conceivcd-fuch a confi^ncc inhis well-know n clemency, that, after having made an ample difcovery of the tfea- lure that wu rtow at hand, cautioned them likewife agaihft being deccived-by thcrecoes, or carriers, from Nombre deDios, whornei the others by the way, and who were haurlv cxpc6lcd, wkh merchandize and pro- vitionc, but without any gold. He clofed his exami- nation with an humble petition to Drake, that, when the cxpe^xd treafure ihoidd fall into his hands, hcunuld 2 be graciourty pleafcd trt allow hirt as luiirh of it M would maintam himl'elf and hischildren (luring the re- mainder of their lives, fince Ihert woukt abundamir more arrivt than he ant) his company could carry away. Drake agreed to his rcqueft, upon condition that he* led him to a place of fecrecy, where he could conceal his men till the time of aiftion, ahd where there was no danger of the mules palling by without being perceived. This the man did ; and Drake placed- hit ambufh «c-' coiYiingly. Before the time etpcdled. the men were properiy n- frc(hed and inftruded. Oxenham was appointed to head the Symerons, aflifted by Pedro their leader; and Drake was to command the Englifh. . The parties were then divided ; the Englifh took the right of^the way in front, and the Symerons the left at a fmall diffance in the rear. In this manner they wcr« pofted, that one company might be in readinefi to feize the hindmoft mule at the fame time that the other had feized the foremolt ; for the mules, it feems, being tied together, travel in a line, and are all guided by leading the firft. Every thing being now as well concerted as human prudence could dircd, and. the critical moment of bc- tion foon expeifed, they lay down and covered them- fclvcs-in the grafs. at about eighty or ninety paces dif- tance from the road, that the noife of their breathjng might not be heard by the guard that conveyed the trea- fure. They had not been more thfli an hour in thu finiaa tion, when the bells of the mules on the left, comine from Venta Cruz, began to be heard : but previous or- ders having been given to meddle only with thofe from Panama, thofe from Venta Cniz were fulTercd to paft unmolclfed. Unfortunately, however, it happened, that one Robert Pike, bcfng heated with liquor, prel vailed upon the man that was next him to creep for- ward with him, in order to be in readinefs to fignalize diemfelvcs, by being the firft to feize the mules from Panama. At that inflant, an officer, who accompanied the rccoes from Venta Cruz, perceiving white moving in the grafs (for Drake had ordered ill his company to put their fhirts over their cloathes/todifVihguilh them m the night), took the alarm, and, from ii walk, way obferved to pufh hishorfeforwardonafmart tit>C;>lhd: before he had palfed the hindmoft ambufcade, he was heard to ride along in a full gallop; but neither Drake; who contmianded the Englifh, nor Oxenham, who headed the Symerons, being apprized of the reafon, hadanf thought of uking meafures to intercept hir journey. -' It was not, however, long before the reeoe^ front' Ri- nama came up, and were eagerly feized by the Englifh in frOnt,and fecured by the Symcn>ns,a8 had been agreed upon, in the rear; but, to their great mortification, they found two of them only loaded with filver, and the reft with provifions, fix of thofe from Panama, which- car* ried the valuable burdens of gold and jewels, bein^ or- dered back, and the like number that eamc from Ven^ Cruz fent forward in their room. The drivers were brought immediately to the Captain, and examined, who informed him, that a horfeman who met them riding in hafte had talked with the treafurer, and ad- vifed him to fend bacK his gold and jewels, ant) fuffer thofe only re proceed that were now in his [E>rake's] power, that he might, by that cheap experiment difco-' vcr whether there was any ambufti m the way. That Drake was not lels enraged than hit followere at this difappointment cannot be doubted ; but there waft now no time to be fpent in complaints. The wholf country, be knew, would foon be alarmed, and a|l the force of the Spaniaxds afTembted to overwhdtn himt he had no fortrpfs to retire to; every man was his cne- my ; and ever>' road better known to the Spaniards than to himfelf. This was an occafionthat demanded til tK.e qualit4e« of an hero, an intrepidity never to be (hakcn, and ijudgment never to be porplexed. He imnwdiately conhdered all the circumftancei of hit prelent fltuation, and found that 4t afforded hinMnir the choipe (rf'm^rctu ing back by the fame way through which he came, or forcing his pafTagc through Ve(ita4;;;ruf. ' Ht forefaw iich 6f it H ring there- abundantly lcarryaw«y. ion that he" uld conceal here was no g perceived, ambufli ac- )roperiy re- spointed to ieadtrs and parties were the way in diftance in d, that one lehindmoft feiced the fd together, a the firft. CI as human nent of ac 'cred thenr- r paces dir- r breathjng ed the trea* n this fitiia-i ■ft, coming >revious or- thofe from red to paft happened, liquor, pre- crecp for- to figniilize mules from rcompanied lite moving company to guirfi thetn rwalk.'way ttrot.thdj de, he was :hcr Drake; who headed n, had anjr journey. '■ ea( front- P*. lie Engtiflt been agreed cation, they ind the reft which- cart s, bein^ or« froni^Vendt rivers were examined, met them T, and ad- an9 fuffer I [Drake's] mcnt difco-' y- followcn at t there wail The wholf and all the vhehnhim; 'as hisene- iniards than ndcd all tH? } be (hakcR, mmediately ne fituation, ;eofTn9rcli. became, pr Ht forefaw nviny To the S O U T H SEA and R I) U N U the WORLD. 377 many difficulties in marching back, belidcs the hazard ot having his Ihips feizcd before his return; he, therefore, determined to pafs forwards to Venta Cruz, before the enemy could be prepared tooppofehim. Hcalkcd Fcdro the leader of the Symerons, whether he was refolvcdto follow him? and, after having received from him the ftroneeft affurance that nothing ihould feparatc them. commanded his mentorefreJh themfelves.and prepareto fet forwards. When they came to the gates of the town, they difmifled the mules they had made ufe of to carry their prize, and continued their march with as little noife as pofliblc; yet they difcovered that the alarm had been fpread. and the forces of the town haftily drawn together, to oppofie their entrance. Drake, who was not unacquainted with the behaviour of that kind of military, received their firft onfet, and then breaking in upon them, drove them before him without farther oppofition, aiid was feconded by the Symerons, who could not be reftrained from making plunder of the town: but Drake haftened in perfon to the Spanifli la- dies, and aflbted them that no injuries fliould be of- fered to them; fo infeporable is hununity from true courage. Having thus broken the fpirits, and fcattered the forces of the Spaniards, he continued his march to the (hips without any apprehenlion of danger, yet with great fpecd, being veiy folicitous about the ftate of the crew ; fo that he allowed his men, harrafled as they Men, but little time for fleep or refrelhmentj but by kind exhortations, gentle authority, and a chearful par- ticipation of all their hardftiips, prevailed upon them to bear without murmur, not only the toil of travelling, but. on fomc days, the pain of hunger. In this march. he owed much of his expedition to the afliftance of the SynKrons, who, being accuftomed to the climate, and naturally robuft, when any of the Englifli fainted by the way, two of them would cany him between them for miles together. Nor was their valour Icfs than their huro»nity, after they had learned from their EngliOi companions to defpife the fire-arms of the Spaniards. When they were within five leagues of the (hips, they found a town built in their abfcnce by the Symerons, at which Drake confented to halt, fending a Symerorj to the (hips with his gold toothpick as a token, which, though the maftcr knew it, was not fufficient to gain the melfenger credit, till, upon examination, he found that the Captain, having ordered him to regard no mcf- Ikge without his hand-writing, had engraven his name upon it with the point of his knife; he then fent the Snnnace up the river, which they met, and afterwards imt to the town for thofe « hofe wcarincfs had made them unable to march farther. On February the 23d, the whsic company was re- united : and Cirake, whofe good or ill fuccefs never pre- vailed over his pi:ty, celebrated their meeting with thanks to God. V' Drake, not yet difcouraged, foon turned his thougnts to new prmeos ; and, witnout languifhing in melan- choly refleaions upon paft mifcarriagcs, employed him- felf in forming fchemes for repairing them. Eager of aiflion, and acquainted with man's n .1 jre, he never fufficred idlenefsto infetft his followers with cowardice; but kept them from linking under any difappointment, by dirc(£ling their attention to fome new enterprize. Upon confultation with his own men, and the Sy- merons, he found them divided in thciropinions; fome declaring, that, before they enraged in any new at- tempt, it was neccflary to increafe their (lores of pro- vifions; andothers urging that the (hips, in which the Spani(h treadire was embarked, (hould be immediately Attempted. The Symerons praooled a third plan, and advifed them to undertake another joufncy over-Und, to the hotife of one Pezoro, near Vcragu^, whofe (laves brought him every day more than aoo pounds (terming, from the mines, which he heaped together in a (tnmg Acme houfe, that might, by the help of the £ngli(h, 0^ eafily forced. But Drake, being unwilling to fttigue No* 46. ■]■.,. ,. , his followers with another journey overland, determined to (leer a middle courfe between thefc variable opinions ; and, manning his two pinnaces, the Bear and the Mi- nion, he fent John Oxenham in the Bear towards Tolu, to feck provifions; and went himfelf in the Minion to the Cabezes, tb endeavour to intercept the treafure that was to bt tranfported from Veracua and that coafl, to the fleet at Nombre de Dios; firit difmiHing with prcfents thofe Symerons who defired to return to their wives, and ordering thofe that chofe to remain with him to be krhdUr entertained. Drake took at the Cabczcs a frigate of"^ Varagua, the pilot of which informed him, that there was in the harbourof Veragila a(hip freighted with more than a million of gold ; to which he oHered to condudb him, being well acquainted with the found- ings, if he might be allowed his (hare of the prize; fo much was his avarice fuperior to his honefty. Drake, after fome deliberation, c6mplying with the pilot's conditions, failed towards the harbour; but had no fooner entered the mouth of it than he heard the re- port of artillery, which was anfwercd by others at a greater diftance; upon which the pilot told them that they were difcovered, this being the fignal appointed by the Governor to alarm thecoaft. Drake now thought it convenient to return to the (hips, that he might enquire the fuccefs of the other pinnace, which he found with a frigate that (he had taken with twenty-eight fat hogs, 200 hens, and a great ftore of maize or Indian corn. The yefTcl itfelfwas fo llrong and well buih, that he fitted it for war, de- termining tomake afecond attempt on Nombre deDios. On March the 21ft, he fet fail witH the new frigate and the I3car towards the Cabezes, at which he arrived in little more than two days, and found there one Totu, a Frenchman, w ith a (hip of war. Having fupplied his (hip w ith water, and other articles of which he was in want, the Captain defired to join the Admiral in his new attempt, to which Drake confented, and admitted him to accompany him with 20 of his men, (lipulatingto allow thcma proportionable (hare of whatever booty they (hould acquire: yet they were not without fome fuf- picions of danger from this new ally, he having eighty* men, and they being now reduced to thirty-one. Man- ning, however, the pinnaces, they fet fail for Rio Fran- cifco, at which place they arrived on the 29th of March. Here they landed: and, having difmifled their pin- naces for fear ofdifcovcry, and ordered them to repair to the fame place on the 4th day following, they began their march through the woods towards Noinbre de Dios, and continue! it with fuch (ilence and regularity as furprized the French, who did not imagine tiic Sy- merons fo difcreet and obedient to command as they appeared to be, and were therefore in perpetual anxiety about the fidelity of their guides: nor did the Symc- i rons treat the Frenchmen with that fubmiflion and re- gard which they paid to the £ngli(h, vihoCe bravery and condud they had already tried. At length, after a la- borious march of more than feven leagues, they began to hear the hammers of the carpenters in the bay, it be- ing the cui\om in that hot feafon to work in the night, andtoreft in thedayi and, in a (hort time, they per- ceived the approach of the rccoes, 6r droves of mules, from Panama. They now no longer doubted that their labour «vould be rewarded, and every man imagined hin\felf fecure from poverty for the remaining part of his life; they, therefore, when thp mules came up, rulhcd out, and feized tbem with an alacrity proportioned to their expci^lations. The three droves conUfted of one hundred and nine .nules, each of which carried 300 pounds weight of filver. It was to little purpofe that the foldiers, ordered to convoy the treafure, attempted refinance. After a (hort combat, in which the French Captain and one of the Symerons «vre wounded, i* appeared with how much greater ardour men are ani- mated by inteivft than fid i.'ty. As it was po(nbte for thv-n to carry awiy but a fmaU part Qf this treafure, titer h«vjng wearied themfelvet with hiding it i<» the thickets, t^iy determined to tt» i ^ f . turn 'f^ i: 378 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES turn by the fame way they cainc; and, without being piiifiud, they travcrfed the woods, where the French Captain, being difabled by his wound, was obliired to ftay, two of his company continuing with him. When they had gone forward about two leagues, the French- men miflcd another of their company, who, upon en- quiry, was known to be intoxicated with wine, and fup- jwfcd to have loft himfelf in the woods by ncglefting to obfcrve the guides ; but common prudence not allow- ing them to hazard the whole company by two much folicitude for a Hngle life, they travelled on towards Rio Francifco, at which they arrived on the 3d of April ; and, looking out for their pinnaces, were furprizcd with the fight of feven Spaniih floops, and immediately con- cluded that fomc intelligence oftheir motions had been carried to Nombre de Dios, and that thefe velTcIs had been fitted out to purfuc them, which might undoubt- edly have overpowered the pinnaces and their feeble crews. Nor did their fufpicions ftop here; but imme- diately it occurred to them, that their men might be compelled by torture to difcover where their frigate and Ihip were ftationcd, which being weakly manned, and without the prefence of the chief Commander, would fall into their hands almoft without reliftance, and all poinbility of cfiaping be entirely cut off. Thefe re- Hedions funk the whole company into defpair; and every one, inftead of endeavouring to break through the difficulties that furrounded him, refigncd himlclf up to his ill fortune ; when Drake, whole intrepidity was never to be (haken, and whofe reafon was never to be furprized or cmbarraffed, reprefented to them, that, though the Spaniards fliould have made themfelves maf- ters of the pinnaces, they might yet be hindered from difcovtring the (hips. He put them in mind, that the pinnaces could not be taken, the men examined, their examinations compared, their refolutions formed, their vcircts fentout, and the (hips taken in an inftant> Some time muft necelTarily be fpcnt before the laft blow could be (truck ; and, if that time were not ncgledlfully loft, it might be poiTiblc for fome of them to reach the (hips before the enemy, and dired them to change their fta tion. They were animated with this difcourfe, by which they obferved that their leader was not without hope j but, when they came to look more narrowly into their (ttuation, they were unable to conceive upon what it was founded. To pafs by land was impolftble, as the way lay over high mountains, thick woods, and deep ri- vers: they h^d not a (ingle boat in their power, fo that pitiTage by water feemed equally impradlicable. But Drake determined upon the only means of fuccefs which their condition afforded them; and, ordering his men to nuke a raft out of the trees that were then floating in the river, offered himfelf to put but to fea upon it, aiid chcarfully afked who would accotnpahy hihii John Owen, John Smith, and two Frenchmen, who wcrt willing to (hare his fortune, embarked with him on the raft, w(>ich was (itted out with a fail made of the bifcuit facks in which they had carried their provifions, and formed a kind of oar 'to dirfcft its courfc inftead of a rudder. Then, haying ct)mfb(ted the reft with alTur- ances of his regard (br therii, and refolution to leave nothing unattemptcd for their deliverance, he put off j and, after having with much difficulty failc» three leagues, dcfcricd two pinnaces halting towards him, ^ich, upon a nearer approach, he difcovered to be his own; aiid, hailing tt^em, pbpbfed that they fliould anchor beKind'a poiiit that' jutted out into the fea, ^♦i1ile he put to(horc; 4nd, eroding the land en foot, ^aa recctved by his coittpitny with that fatisfadlion yih\t\ is only known tb thole who Tavebieh acquainted with d«««rs and diftreffci; ' TfHe fsSrtc night tWfhiwfed fflc^ly tb Rio Fi^-' cifco, Where thcjr cttibnked; i^i wfibfe" cohipany, 'with what treafufe they had been abfc ib bring; with th^rri through the woods I theft flllmg back with the utmoft rStJirditibn, they returii«;d to their frigate, and foon af- Kf to tlwir ftiip, xdhete Drake tfividtrd the gold ahd fil- Wrttjuiubly bct\Yj:cn th« French and Englifli. Here they fpent fourteen days in (itting out their fri- gate more completely; during which time, the French- men, with their ftiip, lay among the Cabezes, while twelve Englifli and (ixtccn Synierons travelled once more into the country, as well to recover the French Captain, whom they had left woiinded, as to bring away the trcafure which they had hid in the woods. Drake, whom his company would not fuffer to hazard his perfonin another land expedition, went with them to Rio Francifco, where he found one of the Frcneh- iiien who had (laid to attend their Captain, and was in> formed by him, upon his enquiries after his fortune, that, half an hour after their feparation, the Spaniard* came upon them, and eafily feized upon the founded Captain ; but that his companion might have efcaped with him, had he not preferred money to hfc; for fee- ing him throw down a box of jewels that retarded him^ he could not forbear taking it up, and, with that and tho gold which he had already, was fo loaded that he coull not efcapc. With regard to the bars of gold and fdvet which they had concealed in the ground, he informed them that 200 men had been empimred in fearching for them. The people, however, either miftrufting the informer's veracity, or conlident that what they had hidden could not be found, purfued their journey; but, upon their arrival at the place, found the ground turned up for two miles round, and were able to recover no more than 1 3 bars of (ilver, and a fmall quantity of gold. They difcovered afterwards, that the Frenchman who was left drunk in the woods, falling into the hands of the Spaniards, was tortured by them till he confeffed where Drake and his company had concealed their plunder; fo fatal to Drake's expedition was the drunks ennefs of his followers. Then,, difmiffing the French, they palTed by Car/ thagena with their colours flying, and (bbn after took a frigate laden with provifions and honey, which they va- lued as a great rcliorative, and then failed away to ths Cabezcs. Here they ftaid about a week to careen their velFcIs, and fit them for a long voyage, determining to fet fail for England ; and that the laitliful Symerons might not go away unrewarded, bfokc up their pin- naces, and gave them the iron, the moft valuable prcfenC in the world to a nation whofe only employments were warahd hunting, and amongft whom fhow and luxury had no place. Pedro, their Captain, being defired by Drake to go through the ftiips, and to chufe what he moft defired, fixed his eye upon a : fcymetar fee with jewels, which the French Qiptain had prefetitcd t» Drake for the provifions with which he had fupplicd him,and, being unwilling to aflt for fo valuable a prefent. offered for it four large quoits, or thick plates li A and. R <) U N D the WORLD. 379 tfedltng them from the malice of the Symerons ; a be- haviour which humanity di«3ates, and which, perhaps, even policy cannot ditapprove. He muH, certainly, meet with obftinate oppolition who makes it equally dangerous to yield as to relift, and who leaves his ene- mies no hopes but from vidory. What riches they acquired is not particularly rclatedi but, it is not to be doubted, that the j>lunderof fo many velTcls, together with the filvcr feizcd at Nombre de Dios, muft amount to a very great fum, though the Ihare that was allotted to Drake was not fulhcient to lull him into effeminacy, or to reprcfs his natural inclina- tion to adventures. They arrived at Plymouth on the 9th of Auguft, 1573, on Sunday in the afternoon; and fo much were the people delighted with the news 6f their arrival, that they left the preacher, and ran in crouds to the key with (houts and congratulations. Drake having, in the voyage juft mentioned, had a y'levf of the South Sea, as has already been related, and formed arcfolution to fail upon it, did not Cuffer him- felf to be diverted from his dcfign by the profiled of any difficulties that might obftruct the attempt, nor any danger that might attend the execution. His reputation was fufficicntly eftabliflied to remove all obftacles Hbr obftaciethe met with), and to obviate the motives that Eroduccd them; but it was not till the year 1577, that e wasableto allcmble a force proportioned to his dc- fign, and to obtain a commiflion trom the Queen, by which he was conftituted Captain-General ot a fqua- dtwn, confiding of five veffeJs, of which the Pelican, of 100 tons, was commanded by himfclf as Admiral; the Elizabeth, of 80 tons. Vice- Admiral, commanded by John Wintcn the Marygold, of 30 tons, by John Tho- mas; the Swan, of 50 tons, by John Cheller; and the Chriftopher, of 1 5 tons, by Thomas Moon, the honcft carpenter, who, on the foriiier voyage, dcftroyed the Swan by Drake's direAion. Thefe ftiips, equipped partly by himfelf, and partly by other private adventurers, he manned with 1 64 ftout Tailors, and furnilhed with furu i>. vilions as he thought neceflary for fo long and hazji'-' • < oyage: nor did he confine his concern to the . y ■ juipment of his Jliips with naval ftores and m f ; ^jreparations, but carried with him whatever he thought might contribute to raife, in thofe nations with which he fhould have in- tcrcourfe, the highefi ideas of the arts and grandeur of his native country. He, therefore, not only procured a complete fervicc of filver-plate for his own table, and fumiilicd the cook-room with many veflcls of the fame metal, but engaged feveral muficians to accompany him; rightly judging, that nothing would more excite the admiration ot favages, or uncivilized people, than the powers of mufic. On this occafion, however, it mufi not be concealed, that he engaged his men on the falfe pretence of failing to Alexandria; and that it was not till after he arrived on the coaft of Brazil, that h« ac- quainted them with his defign of paflingthe Straits, and entering the South Seas, On the I tth of Nov. 1 577, about three in the after- noon, he failed from Plymouth ; but a heavy rtorm (fiich as no man on board haclever fccn before), taking him al- tnoft as foonasout of port, forced him into Falmouth, Where he ftaid tiJi tht r3th of December to refit. He then took his departure, and on the 25th of the fame month fell in with the coaft of Barbary, and on the 27th cad anchor at the ifland of Mogadore,' about one milediftant from the main, between uhich and the illc they found a very convenient harbour. Here he began to build the pinnaces, the frames of which he brought ready fiom Plymouth tobe put together, as in his forhicr vovago. While t])e carpenters were employed in this fenrice, they were difcovcred bv the Moors that inhabit thoTe coa(h, who (bit two of theirChiefs onboard Drake's fhip, receiving At the fame time two of his company as honages. Thefetnen he notonlytreatedinthemofl hofpi. table manner, but jMvfented themwith fuchthingsasthey appeared mod to admiret it being with him an cllablifl> eainaxitn to endeavour tofecure tn every country a kind teceptiont«(uchEngli(hmcnai(hould come after him. by treating the inhabiunts with ki:idncf^ and gciic- rofity. Butthis friendly intercourfc was in appearance foon broken; for, on the next day, obferving the Moors making tignals from the land, they fent out their boat, as before, to fetch them to the (hip ; and one John Fr , c leapt afliore, intcndinp; to become an hol^age, as on the former day, when immediately he was fei/.id by the Moors; and the crew obllrving great numbers ftart from behind a rock With weapons intheirhands", thought it next to madnefs to attempt his refcue, and, therefore, provided for their own fecurity by returning to the fliip. Frye was mounted on horfeback, and immedi- ately carried up into the country to their king, who being then in continual expeiflat'on of an invafion from Portugal, fufpeded that thefe (hips were fent only to reconnoitre the coaft, and difcover a proper harbour for a more formidable fleet; but, being informed who they were, and whither they were bound, not only (lifmifitd his captive, but made large offers of fricndflilp and aififtance; which Drake, however, did not (lay to ro- ceivc; but being difgu(ted at this breach of the laws of commerce, ai.d apprehending further treachery, he quitted thecoall on December 31, and on the 17th of January arrivc-d at Cape Blanco, having in their palfagc talccn (cvcral Spanilli velFcls, and found one in the har- bour with no men. Here, while Drake was employing his men in catch- ing filb, and training them for land as well as fea fer- vice, the natives came down to the fca-(ide with amber- greafeand other gums, to traffic for fuch commodities as they then ftood moft in need of, and with which Drake very gencroully fupplicd them. Having rificdand difchargcd the Spanifli fliips, which they had taken, they failed on the 22d of January to- wards the ifles of Cape Verd, and on the 27th came to anchor before Mayo, hoping tofurnifh thcmfelves with frcfh water; but, having landed, they found the chief town deferted ; and, marching farther up the country, faw the vallies extremely fruitful, and abounding with ripe figs, cocoas, and plantains, but could by no means prevail upon the inhabitants to convcrfc or traffic with them. However, they were fuffered by them to range the country without molefiation, but found no water, except at fuch a diftance from the fea, that the labour of carrying it to their (hips was greater than it was at tliat time neceifary for them to undergo. Salt, had they wanted it, might have been obtained with lefs trouble, being left by the fea upon the fands, and hardened by the fun, during the ebb, in fuch quantities, that the chief traflic of this ifland is carried on by means of it. Thus, though the ifland abounded with goats, poultry, and delicious fruits of various kinds, they could pro- cure none of any confequence, becaufe the Portuguefe, who were then in poflTeflion of it, were prohibited ali commerce with ftrangcrs on very fevcre penalties. On the 3 1 ft of January tlicy made St. lago, an ifland at that time divided between the native* and the Portu- guefe, who, firft entering thefe iflinds under the flicw of traffic, by degrees e(\ablilhcd themfelves, claimed a fiipcriority over the natives, and harralTed them with fuch cruelty, that they obliged them either to fly to the woods and mounuins, where many of them pcrifltied with tfunger, or to take arms agaiiift their cpprcflbrs, and, under the infuperable difadvantages with which they contended, to die almoft without a battle. Such treatment had the natives of St. lago received, which had driven them into the rocky parts of the iflarid, from whence they made incurfions into the plantation* of the Portuguefe, fomctimes with lofs, but generally with that fucccfs which defpcration produces ; fo thaf the Portuguefe were in continual alarms, and lived with th< natural confequcnces of guilt, terror, and anxiety. They were wealthy but not happy, and polTcfled the ifland, but did not enjoy it. In pafling this ifland, the garrifon of the fort did charged three pieces of cannon at them, but without efVed. For this infult they took a Portuguefe ftiip laden with wines, the pilot of whick they teaiincd, but ftt i Il ■MtaMU 380 Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES i > I I T , I fct the reft of the crew on (he. l. This man. Nunc da Silva by name, was very ufcful to them in traverfirtg the coaft of Brazil, being acquainted with the bays and harbours where frefli water and proviCions were to be obtained. Him they continued to detain captive, though they broke up his ftiip bcfol^ they entered the Straits, till they were about to leave the coafts of Peru, when finding him no longer ferviceable, they fet him on (horc in the Spaniih fettlcmcnts, from whence he af- terwards returned home, and wrote pn account of the voyage as far as he went, which is thought by nuny 10 be very auth^-ntic. It was foon after the capture of this (hip that a diffep- ence arofe between Drake and his friend, Mr. Thomas Doughty, which, gradually increaling, grew into inve- teracy, and terminated at laft in the death of the latter. Doughty was a gentleman and a fcholar. whom Drake had perfuaded to embark in this expedition to better his fortune; and to whom, till the incident happened which we are about to relate, he had fliewn particular marks of favour and friendfliip; but trivia' beginnings arc often productive of the mod importatit events. The ground of the malevolence with which Drake purfued Doughty under the colour of juftice, has hi- therto lain concealed from the public eye ; but wc (hall now trace it, ftepby ftep, till the fatal period when the. unhappy vidlim was brought to the block, and when Drake, by fuflforing revenge to triumph over virtue, left an indelible blot upon his character, which no panegy- ric can wipe away. Among the Harleian manufcripts there is a written account of this voyage, in which the author has parti- cubrly had his eye on this tranfauion. As he was an eye-witnefs of all that pafl'ed, his relation will bell ap- pear in his own wi^rds : " Captain Drake, fays he, hav- ing boarded the fliip of Nuno da Sylva, and fcaftcd his eyes with the view of the commodities, he committed the cuftody and well-ordering of this prize unto Maf- ter Thomas Doughty, as his good and cftcemed friend, praying him in any cafe to Ice good order kept, and whofo (hould be the breaker thereof, to give hint to un- derftandofany fuch without exception of any. " It thus chanced that General Drake had a brother (not the wifeft man in chriftendom), whom he put into this faid prize, as alfb divers others. This Thomas Drake, as one more greedy of prey than covetous of honcfty or credit, otfcred himfclf the firft and only man to break the General his brother's commandment ; for he, contrary to his ftriifl prohibition, did not only break open a cheft, but did dive fuddenly into the fame, that Mafter Doughty knew not how to difcharge himfclf againft the General but by revealing it unto him ; yet firft Mafter Doughty called Thomas Drake unto him, and (hewed him his great folly in this behalf, who, yielding unto his fault, prayed Mafter Doughty to be food unto him, and keep it from the General; but he rieHy told him he could not keep it, but he would de- liver it with w hat favour he might. So at the General's next coming on board the prize, Mafter Doughty opened the (ame unto him, who prefently falling into a rage, not without fame great oaths, feemed to wonder what Thomas Doughty (hould mean to touch his bro- ther; and did, as it were, alFiire himfclf that he had fonie farther meaning in this, and that he meant to ftrike at his credit, and he would not, or could not, by God'j life (as he phrafed it), fuffer it. From this time forth grudges did feem to grow between them from day to day, to the no fmall admiration of the reft of the company, although fomc envying his former favour and fricndniip with the General, andfome, I think, doubt- ing that his capacity would reach too far to the ag- grandizing his crvdit in the country, talked varioufly of the matter ; however, Mafter bought)- wm put again into the Pelican. Thus grudges, although ihcy had not long reflcd, yet were they grown to great extremi- ties, fuch and fogrcatasa man of any Judgment would verily think that nis love towards him in Mngland was more in brave words than hearty good will or friendly love." So writes our author. In proceeding 00 their voyage, they come within 4 fight of Fogo, an ifland fo called from a mountain about the middle of it continually burning, and like the reft inhabited by the Portugueic. Two leagues to the fouth of Fogo lies Brava, which has received its nain^ from its fertility, abounding with all kinds offniits.i'nd watered with great niimbcis of fprings and brook;!, hut, having neither harbour Jior anchorage, was at that time uninhabited. Drake, having fent out his boats with plumets to found, was not able to find any ground about it ; and it is reported, that many experiments of the like kind have been made without fuccefs. However, he took in water fulficicnt ; and on the 2d of Feb. fet fail for the coaft of Brazil. On February the 17th, he palTedthe equator, after being becalmed near three weeks, during, which time they had dreadful ftorms of thunder with lightning, but without any memorable accident, till, continuing their voyage, on Miirch 38, one of their vclFels with 28 men, and the greatcft part of the frefli water on board, was, to their great difcouragement, feparated from them t but their perplexity lalted not long, for on the next day they dilcovered her, and (be again joined her alfociates. In their long courfe, which gave them op- portunities of obfervingfeveral animals, ooth in the air and water, at that time very little known, nothing enter- tained or (iirprized them more than the flying-H(h, which is nearly of the fame fize with a herring, and has fins of the length of his whole body, by the help of which, H hen he is purfued by the benito ^ large kind of mackarel), as foon as he finds himfclf upon the point of being taken, he fprings tip into the air, and Hies (br- ward as long as his wings continue wet, moifture be- ing, as it fccms, necelFary to make them pliant and moveable; and, when they become dry and ftitt^ he falls down into the water, unlefs fome velfel intercepts him, and dips them again fora fccond flight. This unhappy animal is not only purfued by fifties in his natural cle- ment, but attacked in the air, where he hopes for fecu- rity, by the don or fpar kite, a great bird that preys upon (ilh ; and their (pecies muft certainly be deftroyed, were not their increafe fo great, that the young fry, in one part of the year, covers that part of the (ca. There is another fi(h, named the cuttle, of which whole (hoals Mill fometimes rife at once out of the water, and of which a great multitude fell into their ftiip. At length, having failed without (ight of land for 54 days, they arrived April the 5th on the coaft of Brazil, " In the mean while, you (hall hear, fays our author, what bcfel: Mafter Drake, never leaving to feck and force upon Mafter Doughty, found, in the end, this op- fortunity to degrade him. Whether of purpofe, or is own voluntary, it chanced John Brown the trumpet to go aboard the Pelican, where, for that he had been long abfent, the company offered him a hobby, among the which, Mafter Doughty putting in his hand, faid. Fellow John, you Iball have in my hand, although it be but light amongft the reft; and (b laying his hand on his buttock, which perceived of John Trumpet, he be- gan to fwear wounds and blood to the company to let him loofe, for they are not all (faid he) the General's friends that be here; and with that tuineil him to Mafter Douyhty, and, faid unto him (as himfclf prc- fentlyaftei lold me in the prize) (Jod's wounds, Doughty, what doft thou mean to ufc this familiaritv with me, confidcring thou art not the General's friend; who ntxr fwered him. What, fellow John! what moves you to this, and to ufe thefe words to me, that am as good and as furc a friend to my good General as any jn this place, and I defy him that fliall fay the contrary. But is the matter thus? why yet, fellow John, T pray thee let tne live until I come into England. Thus, John Brown coming again prefently aboard the prize, had not talked any long time with the General, but the boat went idxMird and refted not, but prefentlv brought Mafter Doughty to the prize's (idc, General Drake fitting in the midft of his men, who hearing the boat at the (liip's (ide ftood up. and Mafter I^uiighty offering to take hold of the (hip to hav? entered, faid the General, To the SOU T n SEA arid ROUND th6 WORLD. 3'8t Stiy there ITionuis Doughty, for I muft fend you to another place, and with that commanded the mariners to row him on board the fly-boat, fayinfj unto him, it was a place more fit for him than that from Whence he came: but Matter Doughty, although he craved to fpeak with the General, could not be permitted, neither would he hear him." Soon after this, the flyboat here mentioned, (called the Swan), was feparated from them by a violent ftorm, " in all whofe abfcncc, fays our au- ther, the General never ceafed to inveigh againft Maf- icr Doughty, terming him aconjurtfrand a witch; and, atany time when we had foul weather, he. would fay that Tom. Doughty was thcoccafion thereof, and that it came out of Tom. Doughty "s capcafe, and would avouch the fame with oaths." After the ftorm above-mentioned, they fleered near the land to the fouthward; and on the 14th anchored under a cape, which they afterwards called Cape Joy, becaufc in two days thc^ veflcl that was miffing returned to them. Here they rtfreftied their weary crews, and took in frelh water; but, finding the country, though pleafant without inhabitants, they weighed anchor, and, by running a little farther to the fouthward, found a fmall harbour between a rock and the main, where the rock Licaking the force ol the fea, the fliips rode at anchor with the greattft fcturity. On this rock they killed federal feals, keeping them for fbod, and found them wholefome, though not palatable. Their next courie was diredled to the great river of Plate, in 36 dtg. of fouth latitude; but. not finding anchorage in that river, they failed in queft of a more convenient harbour, when they were furprizcd by a fuddcn ftorm, in which they again loft fight of the fly- boat. This accident determined Drake to contrad the number of his ftiips. that he might not only avoid the inconvenience of luch fretjuent (eparations, but eafe the labour of his men, by having more hands in each vef- fel. For this purpofc he failed along the coaft ; and on May the 13th difcovered a bay. which, though it pro- mifed fair, he durft not enter before it « as examined : -he, therefore, ordered his boat to be hoifted out, and, taking the line into his own hand, went on founding the pafiage till he was three leagues from his ftiip, when on a fudden the weather changed, the Ikies blackened, the wind rofe, and all the ufuaf forerunners of & ftorm be- gan to threaten them. Nothing was now thought of but the means of returning to the ftiip ; but the thick- nefs of the fog intercepting it from rheir fight, made the attempt almoft impradicable. In this pcrple'uty, which Drake was not more fcnfible of chan tho«c whom he had left in the fliips, nothing was to be omitted, however dangerous, that might tend to extricate them from it. Captain Thomas, therefore, having the lighteft veflel, fleered boldly into the bay, and, taking the Ad- miral on board, dropt anchor, and lay out of danger; while the reft that were in the open fea fufl«fcd much from the tempeft, and the Mary (the Portugucie priae) was driven before the wind. 1 he others, as foon as the tempeft was over, difcovcring by the fires that were made on fliore where Drake was, repaired to him. Here they met with no inhabitants, though there were feveral wigwams or huts ftanding, in which they Jonnd fomc.dried fowls, and among them oftriches, of which the thighs were as large as thofe of a ftieep. Thefe birds are too unweildy to rife from the ground ; but with the help of their wings, or rather flumps, they run fo fwiftly, that the Englim could never come near enough to ihoot any of them. Not finding this harbour convenient, or well ftored yith wood and water, they left it on the 1 5th of May, and.on the 1 8th entered another much fafer and more commodious, which they no fooner arrived at, than Drake fent VVinter to the fouthward infearch of thofe fliips that were abfent, and immediately after failed himfelf to the northward, and happily meeting with the Swan, conducted her to the reft of the fleet; after which, in purfuanceof his former refolution, he ordered her to be broken up, preferving the iron work for a fiiture fupply. The ott^er vclTei which was feparated in the late ftorm, could not be difcovered. While they Wert thus employed upon an illand about a mile from the main land, to which, at low water there was a paflagt on foot, they were difcovered by the natives, who appeared upon a hill at a diftance, dancing, and holding up their hands, as beckoning to the Englifli to come to thein, which Drake obfcrving, fent out a boat with knivesj bells, and bugles, and luch things as by theif ufefulnefs or novelty he imagined would be agreeable. As foon as the Englifli landed, thev obferved two men running towards them as deputed by the company, wh& came within a little diftance, and then ftslnding ftill, could not be prevailed upon to come nearer. The Englifli, therefore, tied their prefents to a pole, which they fixed in the ground, and then retiring, faw the Indians adr vancc, who taking what they found upon the pole, left in return fuch feathers as they wore upon their heads, with a fmall bone about fix inches in length, carved round the top and burniftied. Drake oblerving their inclination to friendfliip and traffic, advanced witnfomc of his company towards the hill, upon fight of whom the Indians ranged themfelves in a line from eaft to weft, and one of them running from one end of the rank to the other, backwards and forwards, bowed him- felf towards the rifing and fetting of the fun, holding his hands oVcr his head, and, frequently flopping in the middle of the rank, leaped up towards the moon, which then ftione directly over their heads ; thus calling the fun and moon, the deities they worfliip, to witnefs to the fincerity of their profeffions of peace and friend- fliip. While this ceremony was performing, Drake and his company afccndcd the hill, to the apparent terrot of the Indians, whofe apprehenfions when the Englifli perceived, they peaceably retired, which gave the na- tives fo much encouragement, that they came forward immediately, and exchanged their arrows, feathers, and bones, for fuch trifles as were offered them. Thus they traded forfome time; but by frequent intercourfe, find- ing that no violence . was intended, they became fami- liar, and mingled with the Englifli without the leaft diftruft. They go quite naked, except the flcin of fomc animals, which they throw over their flioulders when they walk or lie in the open air. They roll up their hair, which is very long, with a plume of oflrich's fea- thers, and ufually flick their arrows in it, that they may not encumber them, they being made with reeds headed with flint, and therefore not heavy. Their bows are - about an ell long. Their chief ornament is paint, which they ufe of feveral kinds, delineating generally upontheirbodies the figures of the fun and moon in honour of their deities. It is obfervable, that the inhabitants of moft nations amongfl whom the ufe of cloaths is unknown, paint their bodies. Such was the pradicc of the inhabit- ants of our own country. To this cuftom did our ear- Heft enemies, the Fids, owe their denomination. As it is not probable that caprice or fancy fliolild be uniform, there muft be doubtlefs fome rcafon for a jlnnftice fo general, and prevailing in diftant parts of the world which have no communication witn each other. The original end of painting their bodies was probably l'> exclude the cold; an end, which, if we believe fome relations, is fo etfedlually produced by it, that the meri thud painted never fliivcrat the m.oil piercing blaftsi but, doubtltrs, any people fo hardened by continual fe- verities, would, even without paint, be Icfs lenfible of the cold than the civilized inhabitants of the fame cli- mate. However, this practice may contribute in fome degree to defend them Irom the injuries of winter, arid, in thofe climates where little evaporates by the pores, may be ufcd with no great inconvenience: but in hot countries, where perfpiration in a greater degree is he- ceflary, the natives only ufe undion to prelerve them from the other extreme of weather, or more probably, from the inconvenience of the Hies, which, were it not for that or fomc fuch defence, would be intolerable. Thefe favages had no canoes, like the other Indians, nor any method of croffing the water ; which was pro- bably the reafon why the birds in the adjacent iflands 5 D were hi litl I 382 SiK FRANCIS D R AK E's VOy A G li S "\ itt were To umc that they might be ukcn with the hand, havinc never been before friuhtcd or tnolefted. The birds here fpokcn of are, without doubt, the penguins of which To anipleadefcription is given in the Voyages of Byron and Wallis. The great plenty of thcfe fowls, and of the fcals that were round cvery-where on the fhores of this coaft, contributed much to the refrefh- ment of the Englifti, who named the bav where they Uien lay, Sial-bay, from the number they there killed of thofc animals. Thcfe feals feem to be the chief food of the natives t for the Englifli often found raw pieces of their flefh half eaten, and left, as they fuppoled, after a fiiU meal, by the favagcs, whom they never knew to make ufe of fire, or any art in drefling or preparing their vidhials. Nor were their other cuftoms lefs wild or uncouth than their way of feeding. One of them, having received a cap off the Generars head, and being extremely pleafcd. as well with the honour as the pft, to exprefs his gra- titude, retired to a little diftance, and thrufting an ar- row into his leg, let the blood run upon the ground, tef- tifying, as it is probable, that he was ready to flicd his blood in his defence. When the Swan fly-boat wasfeparated from the fleet in the ftorm off the coafl of Brazil, the crew, defpair- ing of ever beingable to rejoin it, began to be in fear for provifions. They were on a dcfart coafl, bad no place of rendezvous, and were ignorant even of their Slacc of deftination. In this untoward fituation a ifpute arofe among the officers, of which the author of the manufcript before cited, gives the following relation: —He had already taken notice that Matter Thomas Doughty had been fcnt on board th.s vefTel as a kind of punilhment.and in truth fo it proved ; for the mailer of the vefTel, who fcems alfo to have been the purfer, knowing upon what terms he flood with Drake, took every occalion to infult, or, as our author's phrafe is, to difcredit him; for thofc were always ranked among Drake's friends who were enemies to Mafler Doughty. " This man, forefeeing that provifions might run fhort, put himfcif from the mefs of Mafler Doughty, Cap- tain Chcflcr, and the refl of the gentlemen, and did fet himfelf amongfl the failors, nothmg at all fparing. but rather augmenting his own diet; but how fcantily thofe gentlemen did fare, there be fome come home, that, ex- cept they will deny their own words, can make relation thereof. " Mafler Doughty, with Mafler Oiefler, whom the General had made Ckptain of the fly-boat, found them- felves fo ill ufed, that Mafler Doughty accofled his friend one day in thefe words: I marvel. Mafler Chef- ter.thatyou will take it at his hands to be thus ufcd,con- fidering that you were here authorized by the General to be our Commander. And, at the fame time.hefpokets the Mafler, and told him. that he ufed fo much partiality in the diflribution of his provifions, that the fame could not be borne, confidcring the extremity they were like to fall into for want of vidluals; and that it was againfl rcafon that he and his meffmates fhould be fo plentifully fed, while others were at the point to flarve. The Mafler hereat putting himfcif in a rage, fwore that fuch rafcnJs u he was, fhould be glad to eat ihe fhoals (hufks) when he would have them. Mafler Doughty anfwered him again, that reafon would will that he fhould be ufed as well as other men, confidering his advantages. Thou any advantage here! replied the Mafler, I would not give a point for thee nor thy advantages ; and if ever thou cQmefl home to enjoy any advantages, t will be trufTed up. Then in multiplying words, and as I heard a blow or two pafling between them, the Mailer, in the fpleen of his heart, looking at him with an evil eye. Thou! will thou have vidnials! thou fhaltbcglad, if we do not meet with the General, the rather to cat that fells from my uil on the anchor-fluke ere thou gettcfl home again. Then Mafler Doughty, turning to Mafler Chetler. faid unto him, Mafler Chcfler, let Hs not be thus ufed at this knave's hands. Lofe nothing of that authority that the General committed unto you. If you will, we will putthe fword into your hands again, tfid you (hall have the government. This cafe Iwill aver to be true, for there were two or three witneflcs fwom to thefe articles, as fome of the Ibccial matter that he had to lofe his head for." Itwaa not many days after this quarrel before the Swan fell inaraiin with the fleet; when Drake, as has been faid. cauTed her to be hauled on fhore. fet on fire, and burnt ; or, as others fay, broke up and converted into fire-wood for the ufe of the fleet. Mr. Doughty, being here delivered from the fly-boat, was again reflored to the Pelican, where the mafter with whom he had the Jifpute appears to have pre- ferred a complaint againfl him, and with fuch-aggnva. tions as he thought proper to add; all which were fa- vourably heard, and credit given to the whole relation by the General, who wanted only a pretence to per- fevcre in his feverity to the man who, being once his favourite, was now become the objedl of his moll inve- terate hatred. Doughty, provoked, no doubt, by the mifreprefentations of the mafler. and the partiality with which they were heard, gave the General fome oppro- bnous language. adding, "that the lightefl worcTihat came out of his (Doughty 's) mouth was to be believed as foon as the Genersl's 01th. Whereupon the General did not only flrike him. but ccmmanded him to be bound to the mafl; for the accomolifhmcnt of which, the mafler of the fly-boat took no little pains. This happened as the two fhips (the Pelican and the Canter) lay together; and as foon as Doughty was releafed, he was put into the Canter, although greatly againfl his will, for that he faid he knew them to be there that fought his life, as namely the mafler of the fly-boat, and fome other defpente and unhonefl people; but would he or no, thither he mufl, or elfe the General fwore he would lift him out with the uckle, and for that purpofc commanded the uckle to be loofed. Thus aboard the Canter he went, and his brother John Doughty with him." The Canter was a vefTel ukcn from the Spaniards on thecoaflof Africa. While they lay in this harbour, there is one renurk- able incident related by this author that deferves parti, cular notice, as it tends to illuflrate the previous ftepi that were purfued to accomplifh the ruin of this unfor- tunate gentleman. " On board the fly-boat, fays he, was one Thonuu Cuttle, who fome time had been Captain of the Pelican under Drake, with whom the General had been tam- pering. This man came out from him in great wrath, and oflfering to go over to the main, between the which, and the ifland where they then lay, was (as has been faid) but a fhallow water. He, Handing well nigh up to the middle in the water with his piece, uttered thefe words. Well, my Maflers, quoth he, I find I am hea- vily borne with here, becaufe I will not accufb this gentleman (meaning Doughty) of that, as I take God to witnefs, i know not by him; and, there- fore, I declare before you all, that, whatfoever be- comes of me, I never knew any thing by him but to be the General's friend ; and, rather than I will bide this hard countenance at the General's hands, I will yield myfelf into cannibals, hands; andfo I pray you all to pray for me." After this public declaration the man departed; and, having reached the oppofite fhore, he went up .into the country, where firing his piece to bring the na- tives to him. Drake taking it for a fignal that he wanted to return, fcnt a boat over to the main, and brouriit him back. Jufl before their departure from this harbour, which lay in a bay a little to the fouthward of Cape Hope, " Capuin Drake himfcif came on board thcElizabetht and calling all the company together, told them, that he was to fend thither a couple of men, the which he did not know how to carry along with him this voyage, and go through therewithal, as namely, quoth he, Tho- mas LJoughty, who is a commotioner and a feditious fel- low, and a very bad and lewd fellow, and one that I have made that reckoning of as of my left handt and his brother the young Doughty, a witch, apoifoner, and fuch a one as the world cannot Judge of; having hit knowledge from the dc\ il ; and (o warning the com- jpany To the SOUTH SEA and ROUND the WORLD. 383 Elfiy that none (hould fbcak to them, nor ufe any con- rence with thetni if tney did, he would hold them ai hia enemiei, and enemiet to the vovagc. And he willed that great carefhould be taken that they (hould neither write nor readi and that he declared what wealth the worft boy in the fleet (hould get by this voy- «ge» and how the worft boy (hould never nerd to go again to Uol, but (hould be able to live in England with • right good gentleman; for, quoth he, you Ihall fee that we will have gold come- as plentiful as wood into the Ihipa. Having finilhcd his fpeech, he departed, and (hortly after fent the faid Thomas Doughty and hia brother aboard the Elizabeth, commanding them, u they would anfwer it with their lives, not to fvt pen to paperriior yet to read but what every man might un- dcmand and fee. And fure, adds our author, their en* tertainment there was accordingly; for men durft not fpeak to thent, althoiigh willingly perhaps they would ( and as their fare was with the fimplcfl in the (hip, fo wu their lodsing. But he, Thomas Doughty, having agreed with the boatfwain of the (hip for a cabin which Hood, God knows, in an Mncomfortaole room, yet muft he pay 3I. for the fame in England. But what came of this to the poor fellow ! he was fain for his friendly u(ing him to lofe hia office, and continue in heavy dif- plealure." Having (laid fifteen days in the harbour, during which time they continued their friendly intercourfc with the lavages, on June the 3d they fet fail towards the South Sete, and fix days afterwards (lopt at a little bay to break up the Chriflophcr, which from the fmallnefs of its lize was founa incapable of living in thofe boifterous Teas, of which, before they entered them, they had con ceived na adequate idea. Then pafTing on, they found it nccc(rary to caft anchor in another bay. with a view to recover the Portuguefe prize, which was fcparated from them in the (lonn of the 37th of April, and had not yet rejoined them. To return in fcarch of it was fufficiently mortifying; to proceed without it, was not only to oeprive themfelvcs of a conftdcrable part of their force, but to expofc their friends and companions, who had volunurily embarked on board her, to ccruin death or certain captivity. This confideration pre- vailed: and, therafore, on the i8th, after prayers to God, with which Drakie (for example's fake) never for> got to bcsin an entcrprize, he put to fea, and the next ay near Port Julian difcovered their aflociates, whofe (hip was now grown leaky, having fuffered much in the firt^. ."^orm by which they were fcparated, and afterwards •'.< the truitlefs attempts to regain the fleet. Drake, therefore, being delirous to relieve their fatigues, en- tered Port Julian, They no fooner landed than they were accofted by two of the natives, of whom Ma- SiUan left a very terrible account, having defcribed em aa a lutioA of giants and monftcrs -. nor did they find his narrative entirely without foundation ; for the leaftof thofe they faw was larger and taller than the laigeft of their company. The two who accollcd the Engliflrappeared much pleafed with their new guefls, received willingly whatever was given them, and very exal^ly (obferved every thing that paffcd, fceming more particularly delij^ted with feeing Oliver, the mafler- ffunner, Inootan Engli(h arrow. They (hot themfelves ukewife, in emulation, but their arrows always fell to the ground fiir (hort of his. Soon after this friendly conteft came another, who; obferving 'the fiuniliarity of his countrymen with the (Grangers, appeared much difpleafedi and, as thcEng- li(hmeo perceived, endeavoured to pcrfuade them from fiich an lAtercourfe. What eifedl his aimimcnts had was fotm ai^r apparent! for another of Drake's com- panions, being defirous to (hew the third Indian a fpe- cimen of the uiglifh valour and dexterity, attempted likewife to (hoot an arrow > but drawing it with his full Ibrce, burft the bow-flring: upon which, the Indians, who were unacquainted with their other weapons, ima- gining them di(anned, followed the company aa.they were walking negligently down towards their boat, and let fly their arrowi, aiming particularly at Winter, who i had the bow in his hand. He, finding hiinrclfwuundci in the (houldcr, endeavoured to refit his bow ; and. turning about, was pierced with a fccond arrow in the breafV. Oliver, the gunner, immediately prcfenrcd his piece at ^he infidious alTailants, which failing to take fire, gave them time to level another Hight of afrows, by which he was killed ; nor, perhaps, had any of them cicapcd, furprized and perplexed as they were, had not Drake animated their i ourage, and diretfted their mo- tions, ordering them, by perpetually changing their places, to elude as much a*; might be the aim of their enemies, and to defend their bodies with their targets ; and inftrudHng them l>y his own example to piiK up and break the arrowi an rhev fell, which they did witn fo much diligence that the mdians were foon in danger of being diiarmed. Then Drake himfclf taking the gun, which Oliver had fo unfuccefsfully attempted to make ufe of, difcharged it at the Indian that hill be- gan the fray and had killed the gunner, aiming it fo appily that the hail-lhot, with which it was loa'ded, tore open his belly, and forced him to fuch terrible outcries, that the Indians, though their numbers in- creafcd, and many of them (hewed themfelves from dif- ferent parts of an adjoining wood, were too much ter- rified to renew the ailault ; and fuffered Drake without moleflation to withdraw his wounded friend, who, be- ing hurt in his lungs, languifhed two days, and then dy- ing, was interred with his companion with the ufual ceremony of a military funeral. They (laid here two months after this quarrel, with- out receiving any other injuries from the natives, in which time tney difcovered the gibbet on which Ma- gellan had foriiicrly executed fome of his mutinous company, and where " Drake, according to the wri- ters o*" he Biographia Briunnica, did the leaft com- menaablc aflion of his life, in executing Mr. John Doughty, a man next in authority to himfclf; in which, however, he prefervcd a great appearance of juftice." To clear this matter fully, it will be necelTary to bring together the fubdance of what thefc authors have faid on the ful>jeifl, and then to add the plain relation from the manuicript already quoted. • Here it was (at Port St. Julian), fay thcfe writers, that on a fudden. having carried the principal perfons engaged in the fervice to a defart ifland lying in the bay, he called a kind of council of war, or rather court mar- tial, where he expofcd his commiflion, by which the Queen granted him the power of life and death, which was delivered him with this remarkable expredion from her own mouth ; " We do account , that he, Drake, who (Irikcs at thee, does (Irike at us." He then laid open, -with great eloquence, (for, though his education was but indifferent, he had a wonderful power of fpeech) the caufe of this alTembly.' He proceeded next to charge Mr. John Doughty, "who had been fecond in command, during the whole voyage," when Drake was prefent, and firll in hia abfence, with plotting tht deflrudlion of the undertaking, and themuider of his perfon. He faid he had the hrft notice of this gentle- man's bad intentions before he left England ; but that he was in hopes his behaviour towards him, would have extinguifhed fuch difpofition, if there had been any truth ui the information. He then appealed for his be- haviour to the whole afTembly, and to the gentleman accufed. He next expofed his pradliccs from the time that he left England, while he lived towards him with all the kindnefs and cordiality of a brother; which charge he fupported by producing papers under his own hand, to which Mr. Doughty added a full and free confelllon. After this, the Capuin, or, as in the language of thofe times he is called, the General, quitted the place, telling the aflembly he expedcd that they (hould pafs a verdid upon him, for he would be no judge in his own caufe. Chmden, as the readep will fee, fays, that he tried hith by a jury; but, other ac- counts affirm, that the whole forty perfons of which the court was compofed, had judged him to death, and gave this in writing under their hands and feals, leaving the time and manner of it to the Qeneral. Mr. Doughty himfelf i I 'I 'hi -Il ii ti i iU Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES •'1 HI 1 1.(1 I'll \4 \4 9 ■ himftir fald, that he dcfircd rather to die by the hands of juAice thin to be his own executioner. Upon this. Captain Drake having maturely weighed the whole matter, prefented three points to Mr. Ewughty's choice: firft, to oe executed upon the ifland where they wcrci next, to be fct on (bora on the main land; or, laftly, to< be Cent home to abide the jufticc of his countiy. He defired he might have till the next dav to conuder of thefe, which was allowed him, and then, giving his reafons for rejcdline the two \af[, he declared that he made the firft his choice; and, having received the fa- crament with the General, from the hands of Mr. Francis Fletcher, Chaplain to the fleet, and made a full ronfefTion, his head was cut off with an axe by the Pro- voft-Marfhal, July the ad, 1578. ' As to the impuution which this matter brought upon Drake, we will firft cite « hat Camden fays of this tranfadion: " On the 36th of April, entering into the mouth of the river of Plate, he faw an infinite number of fea-calves; from thence failing into the haven of St. Julian he found a ^bbct, fet up, as it was thought, by Magellan for the punifhment of certain mutineers. In this very place John Doughty, an induftrious and (lout man, and the next unto I^nke, was called to his trial for railing a mutiny in the fleet, found guilty by twelve men after the Englilh manner, and condemned to death, which he futfered undauntedly, being beheaded, hav. ing firft received the holy communion with Drake. And, indeed, the moft impartial pcrfons in the fleet were of opinion, that he had adled feditioufly, and that Drake cut him off as an emulator of his glory, and one that regarded not fo much who he himfelf excelled in commendation for fea matters, as who he thought niight equal him 5 yet wanted there not fome who, pretending to underftand things better -ithan others, g.ivc out that Drake had in charge from Leiccrtcr to take off Doughty upon any pretence whatever, bccaufe he had reported that the Earl of Eflcx was made away by the cunning pradlices of that Earl." ' We find this matter, add the writers juft cited, touched in fcveral other books, and particularly in two, which were written on purpofe to expofe the Earl of Leicefter, and, perhaps, deferving the lefs credit for that reafon. « It may be offered in defence of Sir Francis Drake, that this man was openiy put to death, after as fair a trial as thecircumftancesof time and place would per- mit ; that he fubmitted patiently to his fentence, and received the facrament with Drake, whom he embraced immediately before his execution. Bcfides thefe, there are two points that deferve particular confideration: firft, that, in fuch expeditions, ftridl difcipline, and legal feverity, areoften abfoluiely necefTary-. fecondly, that, as to the Earl of EfTex, *br whofe death Doughty had expreflfed concem.he was Drake's firftpatron, and it is, therefore, very improbable he (hould deftroy a man for endeavouring to dete& his munkrer. - We may add to all this, if liberty may be indulged to comcillures, that this man, prcfuming upon the Earl of Lciceftcr's fa- vour (who very prol»bly impofed him upon Drake to be rid of him), was from thence encouraged to form dc> fignsagainft I)rake: and this might alio be the reafon whichhindered him from inclining to an abfolute par- don, as doubting whether it was poflible to truft one who had (0 f&r abufed his confidence already, and whofe known intereft with fo great a man might always enable him to find inftruments, in cafe he was wicked enough to enter upon frefti intrigues.' We (hall juft renurk upon what is above quoted, thatthc authors do not fecm to have been well informed : for fbey have all along imputed to John Doughty what related to his brother Thomas; and, if credit mav be given to the author of the manufcript (John Cook by name), this unfortunate Thomas fell a facrifice to Drake's refentment. " On this ifland in Port St. Ju- lian, fays he, pafTed many matters, which, I think, God would not have to be concealed, efpecially for that they tended to murder; for he (Drake) fpewed out againft Xhmnas Doughty hi« y^nQOn Here he ended »\l hi» I conceived hatred, not by courtcfy and frietidly rerort- cilcment, but by moft tyrannical blood -fpi I ling; for he wasi never quiet while he lived, who in wilUom and ho* nelt government as far furpaffed him, as he in tyranny furpaflcd all men. The world never committed a fadt like unto this ; for here he murdered him that, if h« had well looked unto himfelf, had been a m->re fbreand ftcdfatt friend unto him than ever was Pythias to his friend Damon, as I think the fequel of this cafe will ftiew. " The laft day of June, the General himfelf, being fet in a place of judgment, and having the whole coni- rany brought on fliore, aiil having Captain John Thomas fet clofe by him, who opened • bundle of papers that were rolled up together, wherein was writ- ten divers and fundry articles, the which, before they were read, the General fpoke unto the purport of them, and turning himfelf to Thomas Doughty, who wa« there prcfcnt, being before brought thimer more like M thief than a gentleman of honeft converfation, he be>. gan his charge thus: Thomas Doughty, you have here fought by divers means, in as much as you may, to difcredit me, to the great hinderance and overthrow of this voyage; befidcs other great matters with which I have to charge you, the wliich, if you can clear your- felfof, you and I (hall be very good friends ; whereof if you cannot, you have dcfcrvcd death. Maftcr Doughty anfwered. It fliould never be approved that he had merited ill by undertaking any villainy towards him. By whom, quoth the General, will you be tried ? Why, good General, laid he, let mc live to come unto my country, and I will there be tried by.her Majefty's laws. Nay, Thomas Doughty, faid he, I will here impannci a jury on you to enquire into thofc matters that I have to charge you withal. Why, General, replied Doughty, I hope you will fee your Commiflion be good. I'll war- rant you, anfwered the General, my Commiflion is good enough. I pray you then let us fee it, faid Maftcr Doughty; it is neccffary that it ftiould bc'here fhewn. Well, quoth he, you flull not fee it. Then, addrefling himfclt to the company. You fee, my Mafters, how this fellow is full of prating, bind me his arms, for I will be fafeof my life. My Mafters, you that be my good friends, I'hotfias Good, Gregory — — , you there, my friends, bind him; fo they took and bound his arms behind him. Then he uttered diven furious words unto Thomas Doughty, as charaing him to be the man that poifoned my Lord of Emc*; whereas Mafter Doughty avouched it to his face, that he was the man that brought the General firft to the prefence of my Lord in England.. Thou bring ME, quoth the General, to my Lord 1 See. my Mafters, fee here how he goeth about to difcredit me. This fellow with my Lord was never of any eftimation. I think he never came about' him as a gentleman; for I that was daily with my Lord never faw him there above once, and that was long after my entertainment with my Loid. " Then, in fine, was there a jury called, whereof Matter John Winter was foreman. Then by John Thonnas were the articles read unto thein. even once over for a laft fiirewel, for fear, that men ihould have carried them away by memory; all which appeared to confift of wordsof unkindnefis, and to proceed of fome chqler when the prifoner was provoked, all which Doughty did not greatly deny; until at length came in one Edward Bright, whofe honefty of life 1 have no- thing to do with, who faid, Nay, Thomas Doughty, we have other matter for you. yet, that will a little nearer touch you. It will i' fiiith bite you to the girfkin. I pray thee, Ned Bright, faid the prifoner, charge me with nothing but truth, and f'parc ine not. 1 hen John Thomas read further for iiis laft article to conclude the whole withal. That Thomas Doughty fliould fay to Edward Bright, in Mafter Drake's garden, that the Queen's Majcfly and Council, would be corrupted. So Bright holding up his Angers, faid. How like ye this gare.iirrah! Why, Ned Bright, faid Mafter Doughty, what ihould induce thee thus to bclye me ? thou knoweil that, fuch familiarity was never between thee and me: but m' Ji/A/ifMl tf^/fvrjK^,-\.^Ailfriti>ftfi-Jlffir.JpH U I .H S K A ;irul R < ' U I) VV >) \i. I, 1). 3« Ini; It miy i)c, that 1 have I'.iiil, it wcbroii^;ht homcuoUi, v^L- lliMulil he the hctt^cr wtlcomci hut yet this ii more th.iii I lio ri'iuciiihcr.' 'I lu'U it lamc nut, on l.irthii cvitlcn f, thai Mallyf, I^uj!;hiy ihouM fay, that my Voi'l Ircifiirir had a plot of the prillnt voyage. No, that he haih not, i|ucith (JLncral Drake. 1 he oth;jr repliiil, that he haJ, and had it ot him. Str, my Mai- lers, fail! Drake, what this leliow hath done, (iod will have his treachery all known i tiir her Majelly nave mc fpeeial toiunumlment, that of all in ■< my l.ord Treafunr fliouKI not know iti but joii lie hn own mouth hath bewrayed hiin; fo this was a I'ljciial artK le ttgainrt him to hurt his throat, and greatly he letmedto rejoice ai this advantaj^e. " 'I'hcn MalU-r 13«)Uj^hty offered him, if he would permit him to live, and to anfwer thcfe objections m Kn^land, he woidd fet his hand to whatfo was there written, or to any thing ellV tliat he would fct down. Well, once let thefe men, mioih the CJeneral, hrll lind whether you are jjuilty in this or no, and then we will talk furtner of the matter. Ami ihen he delivered (after they had all tak.n their oaths given by John 'rhomas) the bills of indidnient, as 1 may term them, unto Mr. John Winter, who wui foreman of this inquell. I'hcn Mailer Leonard Vicary, a very alliired friend of Mafter Thomas Doughty's, laid unto him, Cenii.il, this is not law, nor agreeable to juftice, that you ollir. 1 have not to do w ith you ciafiy lawyers, neither do 1 tare for the lav i but I know what I will do. Why, ijuoth MalUr Vicary, who was one o( his jury, I know not how we may anfwer his life. Well, M.iller Vi- laiy, quoth he, y"u Hull not have to do with his lifej let me alone with thati you are but to find whether he le guilty in thcfe articles that here are objected againit him, or no. Whv, very well, faid Mafler Vi- c.iVy, then there is, I trull, no matter of death. Noj no, Milhr Vicary, quoth hej lb with this the jury went ti,igLther, finding all to be true, without any doubt or ftoumade, but only to that article that Edward Bright had objected againll him i for it was doubted of fome whether Bright were fufiicient with his only word to CJ(Il away the lilc of a man. And truly it did argue rmallhoncl>y in a man to conceal fuch a matter if it had been fpokcn in England, and to utter it in this place where will was law, and reafon put in exile) for, an honcll fubjeCk would not have concealed fuch mat- ter, which made fome doubt of an honell dealing. But, to be brief, anfwer was made, that Bright was a very honcft manj and fo the vcrditlt being given in, it was told to the General, that there was doubt made of Bright's honefly. Why, quoth Maftcr Drake, I dare to (av :ar that w hat Ned Bright has faid is very true (yet within a fortnight after, the fame Bright was in fuch dilliking with him, as he feemed to doubt his life; and having difplaced him of the Pelican, and put him into the Marigold, he gave for reafon, that himlelf would be Cafe, and he would put him fi.r enough from him). Thus having received in the verdid, he rofe off the place, and departed towards the watcr-lide, where, calling all the company with him, except MaRer Tho- mas Doughty and nis brother, he there opened a ccr- tai.i bundle of letters and bills, and, looking on them, faid, God's will ; I have left in my cabin that 1 fliould efpecially have had (as if he had there torgottcn his Commilfion): but, whether he forgot his Commiflion orno, hcmuch forgot hi mfelf, to lit as Judge without Ihewing that he had any i but, truly, I think ne fliewed to the uttermoll what he had : for here he fliewed forth, firft, letters that were written, as he faid, by Mafler Hankins to my Lord of Elfcx for his entertainment; fecondly, he fliewed letters of thanks from my I^ord of Effex unto Matter Hankins, for preferring fo good a fervitor unto him, and how much he had pleafured him ; then read he letters that pad from my Lord of Effex unco Secretary Wallingham in his great commen- dation; then (licwed he letters of Mafler Hatton's unto himfelf, tending for the acceptance of his men John Thomas and John Brewer, for their well ufage in this voyage; and, lafliy, he read a bill of herMaJcfly's No. 47. adventure ol a thoiil'and ('K>w'nii (lint 1 molt iti.irvcltcd that l<) ininy noblemen and gentlemen ilid k.ivc their Utters in III,-, hands, except it were to (hew in tins i.laec tor his I reilit). So when he had all divic, he I ui\, Now, my Mailers, you may fee whether this ' lov, huhlnught my tlifciedit «ir no, and wh.it IhoiiKl lieril', I'o meant but the very overthrow of the voy,\j;e; as, fiiH, by tak< 111.; away ot my good iianic, and alt(ip',elher dilcirditing me, and then my life, whuh I beinj; beie.ucd of, what then will yon do? Vou will fain one tciiliiiik an )ther'» ' b'oiul, and (o to return a;.;:iin iiiuo your own country 1 you will never he able to lind the w,iy thiilicr. And now, my Mailers, corlider what a gre.t voyage wr are like to make, the like \\;i< luver mad'.- out of I'.ngland ; for by the fame the wurtl in this tieet lliall become A gi-'ntleman; .iiul, if this voyage go not liirwaril, which I cannot lie how pollihiy it iJunild, if thi.s mm live, what a npiiiii h it will he, not only unto our country, but elfjci lally unto lis, the very limplell here may con- lilcrot'. Tiierefore, my Mall'Ts, they th.it think thi.i man worthy to die, let them with in hold up their hands; and, they that think him not worthy to die, h. lid down their hands; at the which, divers that en.» vied his liirmer felicity, held up their hands; llimc others, again, for fear of his lavouritry, Puiked not t<» lit't their hands, ahhough againfl their hearts; bui Ionic, a^;ain, lifted up their hands and very hearrs unto the Lord, to deliver us of this tyrannous and cruel tyrant; whou|)(in the fame, coming to his former judgment- feat, pronounced him the child ol diith, and per- fuadcil him withal, thurhe would by this means make liiin the lervantof (iod; and faid farther, if any man coiild, between this and next ineetinj;, devife any way that mi'jht liive his life, he would hear it; and wilhed himlelf to devife fome way for his own lafeguard. Well, Cicn.'inl, quoth he, feeing it is come to this pafs, " that I fee you would have me nude away," I pray you carry me with you to Peru, and there fet mc alhore. No, truly, Mafler Doughty, 1 cannot anfwer it to her Majefty, if I fliould fo do; but, how fay you, Thomas Doughty, if any man will warrant mc to be fafc trom }our hands, and will undertake to keep you lure, y.iu Hull Ice what I will fay unto you. Mafler Doilghty then calling on Mafler Winter, fcid unto him, Maf* tiT Winter, w ill you be fo good as to undertake this for inc? Then Mafler Winter faid unto Mafler Drake, that lie Ihould be fafc of his perfon, and he would warrant him, if he did commit him to his cuflody. Then Drake, a little pauling, laid. Sec then, my Maflcrs, we mull thus do; we mufl nail him clofc under the hatches, and return home again without making any voyage, and if you will do I'o, then fpeak your minds. Then a company of defperate bankrupts that could not live in their own country without the fpoil of that as others had got by the fweat of their brows, cried, God forbid, g>);Kl Cknetal! which voice was no Icfs atten ively heard, for there needed no fpur to a willing h> rfc. Thus, telling Mafler Doughty to prepare for his deith, and haying nivcn him one whole day's refpite to fet >ll things in order, he rofe and departed, promifing that h » continual prayers to God fliould not ceafc, that it woulu plcaf(?Go(t to put it into his head how he might do him good : but he had fo often before fworn that he would Rang him, that I think at this prefent he meant to do him little good. Thus Mafler Doughty continuing alt this night, the next day. and the fecond night in his prayers, except fome fmall time that he ufed in fitting his worldly bulinefs in fome way, and diflributing to fuch as he thought gooci, fuch things as he then had with him, was the 2a day of July commanded him to prepare himfelf, and to make ready to die. Then Mailer Doughty, with a more chearful countenance than ever he had in all his life, to the fliow, as one that did alt<)gether contemn life, prayed him, that, ere he died, he might receive the facrament; which was not only granted, but Drake himfelf oftered to accompany him to the Lord's Tablc.for the which Mafler Doughty gave him hearty thanks, never worfe terming him than my good Capuin. Mafler Drake oftered him wiihal »'3 4 lii 3«6 Sir FRANCIS 13 K A K 1/ s VOYAGES . u » make choice nf hi> own ticnth, and for that he faiii he ^u a gentlemen he llioiilil hut lofe hi* head, the which kind ot death was mult agreeable to hit mind, in an much it he mull need* die. And, truly, I hcarti fay, that MaOer Drake nrt'ercd him, if he wouUI, thai he Ihould be fliotten to death with a pierc, and that he himfcif would do that exploit, and To he Ihould die by the hamU of a gentlenmn. liut, in tine, they together received the L/)rd'.i Suopcri the which, I docveralAirc myfclf, that he did take with ai uncorrupted a mind at ever did anv innocent of the world ; for he, fure, (hewed himfcif to have ;ill his alliance and only trull in (iodi he Oiewed himlVlf fo vali^int in thi« extremity ns the world might woiuler it; he fcemtd to have conquered death itfclf, and it una not fern, that of all this day be- fore his death, that ever he altered one jot of his conn tenance, but kept it m llaid uiiJ lirm as if he had lome meflagc to deliver to Ionic nobleman. 'I'hey having thus received the fucrnnu'nt, there was a banquet made, fuch as the pl.icc might yield, and there they dined to- gether, in which time, the place of execution being made ready, alter dinner, as one not willing any lon- ger to ilelay the time, he told the (icneral, that he was ready a% foon as plcafed himi but prayed him, that he might fpcak alone with bmi u few words, with the which they talked a-part the (pace of half .1 ijuarter of an hour, and then with bills and ftaves he was brought to the place oi' execution, where he fliewed himlelf no lefs valiant than all the tiuic before; for, '"rft, here kneeling on his knees, he tirll prayed for the Queen's MajcUy of l"'.nglanil his Sovereign lady and iniftrefs ; he then prayed to CJod for the happy fuccefs of this voy;ige, and then prayed to (joil to turn it to the profit of his country: he r-uembered alfo therein divert his pood friends, and efpecilly Sir William Winter, pray- ing Mailer Jo'in ^^ • iter to roniinendhim to that good Knight; :ill whitn la* did with fo chcarful a counte- nance, as it lit liadgoiie to foinc great prepared ban- quet, the which, I fure think, that he was ftilly refolvt\l that God had provided for him; fo, at the lall, turning to the General, he prayed him that he might ntake wa- ter ere he died, for, quoth he, the flefli is frail, and withal turned him about and did fo; and, coming again, faid. Now, truly, I may fav aa faid Sir Thomas More, that he that cuts otf my head ihall have little honeliy, my neck is fo Ihort: So turning him, and looking about on the w hole company, he dcfired them all to forgive hmi, and efpecially fomc that he did per- ceive to have difpleafurc borne them for his lake, whereof Thomas Cuttle was one, Hugh Smith was ano- ther, and diveis others: whereupon, Smith prayed him to fay before the fcJeneral then, whether ever they had any conference together that might redound to his (the General's) prejudice or detriment. He declared it at his death, that neither he, nor any man clfe, ever prac- tifed any treachery towards the General with him; nei- ther did he himfcif ever think any villainous thought againll him. Then he prayed the General to be good unto the fame Hugh Smith, and to forgive him for his fake. So the General faid, Well, Smith, for Matter Doughty 's fake, and at his requed, I forgive thee; but become an honeft man hereafter. So then. Matter Doughty embracing the General, naming him his good Captain, bid him tak-ewelt and fo bidding the whole company farewel, he laid his head to the block, the whicn being ftrickcnoff, Drake moft defpitefully made the head to be taken up and fliewed to the whole com- pany, himfelf faying. Sec, this is the end of traitors! S» he being buried, and thofe thinn fintttied, the whole company being together. Matter Drake proiefted be- fore God, that whofoever he was who fliould offend but the eighth part that Thomas Doughty had done, Ihould die for it. He alfo protettcd, and iwore by the life of God, and the bleired facramenr which he that day had received, that whofoever he were within the fleet that did give another a blow, (hould lofe his hand, without exception of any; and yet, the next day, it fortuned that Matter Doughty's younger brother, walk- ing bodi filcndy and mournfully, as well fov rcmem- braiKeof hi* brother's late death, at alio weighing th« imminent peril over his own hfid, (u What hat been alread) laid and the prefent confcquence may purport), there comes unto him this Kdwardi Bright, the chief in- llrument of hit brother's death, faying; unto him, God% woundil thou illain, what knowrtt thou by my wifef and withal ttnick at him with hi* ruler, a* of ourpofe to iiick a qiinrrrl, to hatten hit end alfo. Why, Ned Hright, quoth he, thou feeft in what cafe I am, I prajr thee let me alone; and withal bore off the blow with his arm, wherewith the ruler broke: but Bright, fcein- ing very furious, thruft him in the face with the piece that remained in hi* hand, the fplinter^ whereof en- tered an inch into his face; prefently upon the which, he went unto the (icneral to complain of Bright, Whv, John Doughty, quoth he, without having any fe- };jrd of his oath thedaylKfore made, Ned Bright will be open to > our revenge in Kngland ; for, I dare fay, thv brother did Ixlye her, when he faid that flie had an ill name ir. Cambridge. Then might every man perceive the litile-mcant honefty." Irom this plain narrative of the trial and execution of noijiflirv.ofthe genuinenefs of which there cannot be the Icalt doubt, as the concomitant little circum- llances :ill concur to conlirm the author both an eye and ear witnefs of what he has related, there is reafon to be- lieve, that the fuccefs of the V())age covered the ini- (luity of the undertaker; and that the immenfe booty which Drake brnu>;Iit to Kngland, enabled him to iKfle the complaints of individuals; and, by a proper ad< dul"'-, to convert the aih of opprettion, murder, and py- racv, of which he was guilty, into fo many deeds of ne- ccH'ary iliiry, in mder to the accomplilnment of the main object, the acquifition of wealth at the expenccof honctty. That Drake never had a Commillion from the Queen, as his friends would fii^^geft, appears not only from hit not prinlucing it at the trial of Doughty (which can hardly be jullified, in contempt to the prifoner), but from his not producing it upon anotncr occafion, when, as (hall be tticwn immediately, he vauntingly pro- duced other credentials of far Icfs moment, in order tO juttity his coiulud, and give him credit with his com- pany. The ftory, then, of the remarkable words foitted into the mourh of his Sovereign, and recited by his bio- grapher, is as falfe as inconfilicnt with the charaifler of chat wifc Princefs, who, though there is reafonfrom her after-condud to conclude that ttie was privy to the voyage, yet never openly countenanced it, till after it was completed, ana the iflue of it determined ; as ap. pears from the account of the converfation which Drake nimfelf gave to his followers, a few days before he left Port St. Julian to feek a palTagc into the South Seas. " On the 6th of Augutt, fay* our author, he com- manded his whole company to be afliore, and, placins himfelf in a tent, one fide of which was open, and calling Matter Winter on one fide of him, and John Thomas on the other fide, his man laid before him a great pajx-r book, and withal Matter Fletcher offered himfelf to make a feriiion. Nay foft, Matter Fletcher, faid he, 1 mutt preach this dav myfelf, although I have fmali fltill in preaching. Well, all ye the company, here arc ye, or not ? Anfwer was made, that they w ere all here. Then commanded he every fljip's cornpany fcverally to rtand together; which w.is alfo done. Then, faid he. My Matters, I am a very bad orator, for my bringing up hath net been in learning; but whatfo I (hall here fpeak, let every man take good notice of, and let him write ic down, for I will fpeak nothing but what I will anfwer it in England, yea, and before her Majefty, as I have it here already fet down [but whether it were in his book or not, that I know not, but this was the effcifl of it, and very near the words] : Thus it is, my Matters, that we're very far from our country and friend* ; we ai e coinpalTed in on every fide with pur enemies; wherefore we are not to make fmall reckoning of a man, for we cannot have a man if we ' would give fiir him ten ihoufand pounds; wherefore we tmuft have chcJTc mutinies and difcontcnts that arc grown amongft Tu the SOUTH H E A and ROUND the W O K L I). 3»; amongft ui ndrt fliii i l<»r, by the life of CkkI, ic doth even take my wii» from mc to tMtik on it. Here i» fuch lonrnjvcrfy between the failori and the gentlemen, and fufh nomathinn between the gentlen«cn ami Tailor*, that it doth even make me mad to hear ir. But, my Marten, I muft have it reafei for I mull have thenc.i- llemcn to haul and draw with the marincm, ami the nwrinen with the gentlemen: and let un (hew ourfclvc* to be all of a company i and let u«not aivc octalion to the enemy to rejoice at our decay aniF overthrow. I Would know him that would refitCc to frt hi* hand to a ropei but I trull there is not any Inch hcrei and, a« Sntlcmcn arc very nminiry for government lake on e voyage, fohavc I lliipt them for that purpofe, anti to fome further intent; and yet, though I know lailor* to be (he moft envioun people of the world, and fo un- ruly without government, yet may not I be without them. Alfo, if there bo any here willing to return home, let me undirlVand of them i ami here is the Maryg«>ld, a Ihipthat I cm \eiy will fparc, I will fur niih her to fuch as will return with the moft credit that I ran give them, either liy my leiter* or any way tlTe; but let them r.ikc care tli.tt they go homeward; for, if 1 find them in my way, I will furelv (ink them; there- fore, you (hall liave time to conliiler hereof until to- morrow, (or, by my troth, I mud need.n be plain with youi " I have taken that in hand that I know not in the world how to go through withal j" it palTeth my cap.i- cityi it hath even bereaved me of my wit* to think on it. [Well, yet the voice was, that none would return i they would all take (iich part as he did.] Well then, my Madcrs, quoth he, came ye all forth w ith your o\\ n goodwills, or no? They anfwered, All, willingly. At whofc hands, my Maftcrs, take ye to rcieivc your wages.' At yours, anfwered the company. 'I'hen, (aid he, how (ay you, will you take wages, or (land to my courtcfy? To your courtefy, good Captain, was the re- ely. Then he commanded the fteward to the I'.li/a- cth to bring him the key of the (lores, the whit h he did: then, turning him unto Mafter Winter, he faid, Maftcr Winter, I do here difchargc you of your Cap- tainfliipi and fo in brief he faid to all the OlTiccrs. Then Mailer Winter and |ohn Thomas a(ked him ■what flioiild move him to di(|)lacc them? He alked in return, w hcthcr they could make any reafon why he fhould not do fo? So willing them to content themfelves, he willed filencc in thofc matters, fayi.ig. Ye fee here the great difordcrs we arcentangled intoi and, although fome have already received condign puniOiment, as by death, w ho, I take God to w itncTs, as you all know, was to mc as my other hand, yet you fee, over and bc- fidcs the reft, his own mouth did bewray his treache- rous dealings : and fee, how, tnilling to the Angularity of his own wit, he over-reacht himfelf at unawares. But fee w hat God would have to be done ; for her Ma- jelly commanded, that of all men my Lord Treafurcr lliould have no knowledge of this voyage, and to fee that his ow n mouth hath declared that he had given him a plot thereof. But, truly, my Maders, and as I am a gentleman, there (hall no more die ; I will lay my hand on no more, althou,«rh there be here who have dc- fcrvcd as much as hc; and fo charging one Worral that was prefent, that his cafe w as worie that Doughty's, who, in Matter Doughty's extremities, was one of Drake's chief confcllows, who, humbling himfelf to Drake, even upon his knees, prayed him to be good unto him. Well, well, Worrall, faid he, you and I (hall talk well enough of this matter hereafter. Then he charged one John Audley with fome ill dealings towards him, but opAied no matter, but faid, he would talk with him alone after dinner. Here is fome again, my Maders, not knowing how clfe to dlfcrcdit me, fliy and affirm, that I was (ct forth on this voyaue by Matter Hatton s fome by Sir William Winter j and fome by Matter Han- kins ; but the(c are a company of idle heads that have nothing clfe to talk of. And, my Matters, I muft tell you, I do know them as my very gooti friends ; but, to fay that they were the fitters forth of this voyage, or tlut it was by their means. I tell you it was nothing fo. Hut, indeed, thus it was. My l.ordnl \:lYr\ wrote in my commendation unto S<-iretary WaKwigham more than I wRt worthy; but by like I had deferved foiurwhat at his handi^ and he thought me in his Utters a (ii man to ferveagaintt the S|>nniarvl' lor my pra'lirc an.l experi- ence that I hftil in that triuu-; wluicupon, imleeil, .Si- cretiirv W,illiii};haiii diii (onic to ronliilc with hit I ordlhip, .11' I declared unto him, th,»t for that her Ma)clly had received divert injuries of the King of Spain, (oi the whi(h, ttic dedr^-d to have fome re- venge i and withal, lie tticwcd me a plot, willing mc to fet my hand, and to write down where I tlioiij;ht he mijfht n iil he anno.ed; but I toM him fome part ot my mind, but rrl'uled to (ct myhaiulroany thing, a'lirming, that her Majetty was mortal, ami that, if it (lioiild pleafe Goil to take In r Majedy awav, it might lii be thit fome nerfon might reign ihit mieht he in league with the r^ing of Spain, .iiul then will mine own n.inil be a witnefs .againd myfcir* Then was ( very (hortiv after, and on an evening, fcnt for unto her Majedy by .Secretary WatCingham ; and, the next day, coniingto her Majclly, thefc, or the like words, (he fai I, Drake, fo it is that I would gladly be re- venged on the Kingnf Spain for divers injuries that I have rexived; and faiil further, that he was the only mui that might do this exploit, and withal craved his advice therein, who told her M.ijelly of the fmall good that was to Ik ilone in .Spain, hut the only way was to atuviv him by his Indies. Then, with many inorc words, he (hewed forth a hill of her Majedy's adventure of I oooeiowni, whir h, however he faid i't laim time before, tliat her Majedv did u c hir- towards his charges. Me (liewcil alfo a hn' of Mailer Haron'a ad\enturc, and divers letters tf creiiit 'I ic had pilled in his behalf; but he never Icr th.-m ( . i» out of his own hands. I le laiil alfo, th t her M.i!ei y did (wear by lier crown, " That, if any . nliin her r^ Ti did give the King of Sjmin heriof > uniiirdaiid (as d <. (iif- pccled but two), they (hould lo!c th' r heads then lore." And now, Mailers, (aid he, let lu coiilider what we haVv done: " We "^avc now fcr together by the ears three mighty Princes, namely, her M.ijedy.thc Kii ,...'■ •ipain and Portugal; and, if tliis voy.ige (liould n( i iiavr I'ood fuccefs, we (hould not only be a (corning, or a rcprjuch- ful fcoding-diK-k unto our enemies, bur alio a great blot to our whole country for ever; and, what triumph would it be to Spain and Portugal i and. agai i the like would never be attempted." And now, redorini'; every man again to his former olficc.he ended : thu.s (hewing the com(iany that he would latisfy every ma' ^r clfe he would fell all that he ever had even unto his plate ; for, quoth he, 1 have good reafon to promife, and am bcft able to iKrfurm it ; for, I have fomcwhat of mine own in England; and, belides that, I have as much adven< ture in this voyage as three of the bed wharfocvcn and, if it fo be, that I never come home, yet will her Majedy pay every man his wages, whom indeed you and I all came to fcrve; and. for to fay vou came to fervemc, I will notgive yo . :.. iksi for it is only her Majedy that you fervej -■. ' his vovage is only her fitting forth: fo willing all men to be friends, he willed them to depart .ibout their bulincfs. The 8th of Au- gutt, they weighed anchor and departed ; but, the day before, he came on 1/ Mrd the Elizabeth, and fworc very vehemently, I kr • not upon what occafion, that he would hang to d.c number of 30 in the fleet that had de- ferved if. and then again charged Worrall that his cafe was worfe than 'Jtjugnty's. and that by God's wounds he had deferved to be hanged. And, Mafter Winter, faid he, where is your man Ulydcs? By God's life, if he were my man, I wtnild cut off his cars: nay, by God'a wounds, 1 would hang him; but wherefore truly I do not know." • Nothing can be a clearer proof that Drake had no Government CtommifTion than the above account. In his fpeech, which the writer fays is ncaiiy in his own wortis, he does not fo much as picicnd to have received any Committion, only a private intimation from the Queen and Walllngham, that her Majcfty wanted to lie revenged -^i 388 I R FRANCIS Drake's voyages 'i It. I' •'II rcvciijj^cil ot" divers injuries received from the King of Spain. Bill was coimtenancing four or five piratical plunderers to rob innocent pe<)Ughty, whom he beheaded, and who, bclbrc their falling out, was fcC' nd in command, bore no nav.il Commillion; ami, it is more than propable.that this gentleman's ijuertioning the CommiiTion of Drake was the rcil caufe of his death, as Drake more than once charges him with the overthrow of the voyage, which he could noothcrwife cflicl than by difcrcditing a ComniilIu)n, on the authority of which both Ollicer^ and men were to be perfuadcd to plunder a people at jH-acc with their nation, and without which e.ery man Mas liable to be executed for piracy, w henever he lliuuld be overpowered. It were needlcfs for us to enlarge our remarks; every reader has now the fubjed before him, and every reader will forma iudgmcnt lor himfclf. What we have f.iid, in confequencc of having traced this tranfaiition trom beginning to end, may feem to tiafh with the opinion we previoiifly cntertaintd of Drake's humanity, courage, and kindnefs to his fol- lowers, but will not feem Grange to ihofe who arc ac- quainted with the nature of jxriodical writings, where one part of the work is nccellarily printed olf before the other is written. In purfuing the courfc of this voy- a,'t not only the errors of other w ritcrs, but alio to corred our o« n ; and, from the fequel of this voyage, we may venture to fore- tel, that the reader will concur in fentiment with us, that, though Drake was bold, he was not honcft; that, though he did not kill thofe he plundered and had no motive todedroy, he fpared none who opjxjfed his dc- iigns, or who did not pay implicit obedience to his ar- bitrary will; that, though he was an able feaman, he was a jealous rival; and that, though he was a gallant leader, he was a moft tytannical Commander. V\'c fliall now accompany him to the South vScas, where the Spaniards, not fufpecling an enemy, were in no con- dition to defend themfelves againlt his attacks. Drake having reduced the number of his fliips to three, thev left the port, and on Auguft the 20th entered the Strait.s of Vlagcllan, in which they flrugglcd with contrary winds, and the various dangers which the in- tricacy of that winding palVagc exjmfed them to, till night, when they had palled the lirlt narrow, and had entered a widcrfca, where thi-y difcovercd an ifland, to which they gave the name of Kli/alieth, in honour of their fovcreign. On the 24th they came to an illand, in which they found fuch an infinite number ofbirdi, fince called penguins, that they killed 3000 of them in one day. This bird, of which they then knew not the name, they dcfcribc m foiucwhat Icfi than *. wild goofe, I without fea'hers, and covered with a kind of down, unable to fly or rife from the ground, but capable of running and fuimming with amazing celerity. They Wed on fillies in the Hit, and come to land only to reft in the day, and lay their eggs, which, according to later voyagers, they depolit in holes, as regularly difpcrfcd and as numerous as the cells in a beehive. From tlufe illands to the South Sea the llrait iTccomes very crooked and narrow ; fo that fometimes by the in- tcrpolition of head lands the pallagc fecms entirely lliut tip. To double thefe capes they fnund it very dilficult, on account of the frequent variations to be made in the coi'i I'e. Here arc, indeed, as Magellan obferves, many harbours; but in mort of them no bottoni is to be found, which, however, does not feem verilied by ex- perience ; the harbours being in general good, though the tides and blalls continually nifliing in from various diredlions create the danger. 1 he land on Innh fides rifcs into innumerable mountains; tl-e tops of ihem were encircled with clouds and vapii' is. Inch, being congealed, fall down in fnow, and iiu Kafe their lieiglij: by hardening into iie; an obfervat!on w hie h might iia- tuially ociur 'o Drake, who pafTcii the lliaii in their winter before the fnows were diirolved. llowevcr, even at that feafon, w hich anfwers to our I'cbriiary, they found the vallies, in fomc places, green, fruitful, and pleaHtnt. Anchoring in a hay near Cape Forvanl, Drake, imagining the flrait quite 11 ut up, went in his boat to endeavour to find feme other palf.ige out; and, having found an inlet towards the North, was return- ing to his lliips ; butcuriolity foon prevailed upon him to Hop for the fake of obferving a canoe or boat with fcveral natives of the coiintiy in it. He could not at a dillance help admii ing the loim of this little veflel, which feemed inclining to a femi-ciiclc, the (lern aiul prow ftanding up, and the body lii)l;ir,g inward; but much greater w as his wonder, w hen, upon a nearer in- fpection, he found it made only wall the barks (f trees, artificially, d like thofc lie land they th (kins, in ^nfiU, made hcfe people what is frc- low natural ly the want lis as appear ife. ThouBh n and to the fubllituted found upon c to an edge, r wood nor nts made of )rm all their lb deformed 1, who being, I with Cap- icc between laturc there rking, that, i accounted it in fix teen I; a palTage er voyagers Jdic of fum- months in rvcy of the ourfc to the itcinber, en • lurlifli veiril )fed to have is incn, who , might re> But his de- file fign was fcarce formed, before it was fruftratcd; for on September the feventh, after an eclipfe of the moon, a ftorm arofe fo violent that it left them little hopes of furvivlngit: nor was its fury fo dreadful as its conti- nuance; for it lafted, with little intcrmiffion, thirty- two days, in which time they were driven more than 200 leagues out of their courfc, without being able cither to avail themfelves of their fails, or make ufe of their anchors. In this (lorm, on the 30th of September, the Mari- gold, Captain Thomas, was fcparated from them ; and on the 7tn of Oiflobcr, having entered a harbour, where they hoped for fome intermiflion of their fatigues, they were in a few hours forced out to fea again by a violent guft, at which time they loft fight of the Eli- zabeth, Chpta in Winter, whofe crew, as was afterwards difcovered, wearied with labour, and difcouragcd with the profped of future dangers, recovered the (traits the day following, and returning by the fame palTage through which they came, failed along the coaft of Brazil, and, in the year following, arrived in England. They were now driven Southward 55 degrees, where they difcovered a cluftcr of idands, in one of which they anchored and rtaid two days, to the great rcfreflj- ment of the crew, having met with excellent water, and plenty of greens. Not far diftant from this bay they entered another, where they beheld fome naked inhabit- ants ranging along the coaft in their canoes in fearch of provihons. With thcfc they exchanged fome toys for fuch refrelhmcnts as they had to fupply. And now, being (urnifhed with wood and water, they again fct fail, and were, by a new ftorm, driven to the , latitude of 57 degrees, when they beheld the extremities of the American coa(t, and the confluence of the At- lantic and Southern oceans. Here they arrived on the 28th of Oaober, and at laft were bleft with the fight of a calm fea, hiving, for almolt two months, endured fuch a (torm, as no voyager has given an account of, and fuch as in that part ofthe world, though accuftomed to hurricanes, the inhabitants were unacquainted with. On the 30th of Odtober, they fleered tow aids the place appointed for the rendezvous of the fleet, in cafe of reparation, which was in 30 degrees South; and, on the next day, diffovered two idands, fo well (locked with fowls, that they victualled their fliips with them. After this fupply, they failed northward, along the coaft of Peru, till they came to 30 degrees, where, finding neither fliips, nor any convenient port, they came to an- chor November the 29th, at Mucho, an illand inha- bited by fuch Indians as the cruelty of their Spanifli conquerors had driven from the continent, to whom they applied for water and provifions, otVering them in return fuch things as they imagined moft likely to pleafc them. The Indians fcemed willing to traffic; and, fi»viiwprefented them w ith frui. • and two fat (hcep, Ihewca them a place where they might come for water. Next morning, according to agreement, the Englifli landed with their water-venels, and fenttwomen for- ward towards the place appointed, who, about the mid- dle of the way, were fuddenly attacked by the Indians and immediately (lain. Nor were the red of the com- pany out of danger ; for behind the rocks was lodged anambulhof 500 men, who, ftarting up from their tetrcat, difcharged their arrows into the boat with fuch dexterity, that every one of the crew was wounded by them. The (ba being then high, and hindering them from cither retiring or making ufe of their weapons, Drake himfelf received an arrow under his eye, which pierced him almofl to the brain; and another in his breaft. The danger of thefe wounds was much in- creafed by the ablcnce of their furgcon, who was in the Elizabeth, fo that they had none to alTift them but a boy, whofe age did not admit of much experience or (kill; yet fo much were they favoured by Providence, that they all recovered. No rcafon could be alTigned for which the Indians (hould attack them with fo furi- oiu a fpirit of malignity, but that they miftook them for Spaniards, whofe cruelties might very rcafonably in- No. 47- cite thofc to revenge, whom they had driven, by inccf- fant perfecution, from their country, wafting immehfc trads of land by malfacre and devaftation. Nuno di Sylva adds, that none of the Indians were hurt by the EnKli(h, though they came fo near the boat, as to fcizc and carry off four of the oars. On the afternoon of the fame day they fet fail, and on the 30th of November dropt anchor in Phillip's bay, where their boat, having been fent out to difcovcr the country, returned with an Indian in his canoe whom they had intercepted. He was of a graceful ftature, dreft in a white coat or gown, reaching almoft to his knees; very mild, humble, and docile; ftich as perhaps were all the Indians, till the Spaniards taught them re- venge, treachery, and cruelty. This Indian, having been kindly treated, was difmided with pivfents ; and informed, as far as the Englifli could make him under- ftand, what they chiefly wanted, and what they were willing to give in return; Drake ordered his boat to at- tend him, and fet him fafe on fliore. When he was landed, he made figns for the boat to wait till his return, and meeting feme of his country- men, gave them fuch an account of his reception, that, within a few hours, feveral of them repaired with him to the boat, with fowls, eggs, and a hog; and with them one of their captains, who willingly tame into the boat, and dcliied to be conveyed by the Englifh to their ihip. By this manDrake was informed that nofupplics were to be expeded here; but that Southward, in a place to which he offered to -be his pilate, there was great plenty. This propofal was accepted, and on the 5th of December, under the diredion of the good-natured lndia!\ they came to anchor in the harbnul" called by the Spaniards Val Pan/-), in 33 deg. 40 tiiin. S. lati- tude, near the little town of St. Jago, where they met not only with fufhcient ftores of provifions, and with ftorehoufes full of the wines of Chili, but with a (hip called the Captain of Morial. richly laden, having, to- gether w ith large quantities of the fame w ine, fome of the fine gold of Baldivia to the amount of thrcefcorc thoufitud pczoes, each pczo of the value of eight (liil- lings, and a great crofs of gold fet with emeralds. The Spaniards at firft, miftaking the Englifh for friends, invited them to fe. ft with them; but (oon being unde- ceived, one of■ ■' 39° Sir FRANCIS DRAKE'S VOYAGES body with a lance. The Spaniards, exulting at the vidlory, ordcned the Indians to draw the dead carcafc from the rock on whit:h he fell, and in the fight of the Englifti beheaded it, and then cut oflf the right hand, and tore out the heart, which they carried away in triumph. Leaving this place, they foon found a harbour more fecurc and convenient, where they built their pinnace, in which Drake went to feck his companions; but, finding the wind contrary, he was obliged to return in two days. From hence they came to a port called Sarcipaxa, where, being landed, they found a Spaniard alleep with filvcr bars lying by him to the value of 4000 Spanilh ducats: notwithllanding the infults which they had received from his countrymen, they did not thmk lit to difturb this harmlefs man's rcpole, but, taking the filver, left him quietly to flcep out his nap. Coafiing along the fhore, they obfcrved a Spaniard driving eight Peruvian Iheep, which on landing they found to be laden with filvcr, each Ihecp having loolb. weight in two leather bags acrofs his back. They de- livered the poor animals of their heavy burdens, and lodged the bags in their own fiiips. Farther on lay fomc Indian towns, from which the inhabitants repaired to the ftiip on floats madeoffcal- Ikin blown full of wind, two of which they fallcned together, and, fitting between them^ row with great fwiltnefs, and carry conlidcrable burdens. They very readily traded for glafs and fuch trifles, with which the old and the young feemed equally delighted. Arriving at Marmaren* on the 26th of January, Drake invited the Spaniards to traffic w ith him, which they accepted ; and fupplied him with neccflarics, fel- ling to him, among other provifions, fomc of thofc (heep which have been mentioned, whofe bulk is cquaj to that of a cow, and whofe firtngth is fuch, that one of them can carry three tall men upon his back; their necks are like a camel's, and their heads like thofc of our flieep. They arc the mofl ufeful animals of this country, not only aflbrding excellent fleeces and whole- fome rtefii, but ferving as carriers over rocks and mountains, where no other bead can travel ; for their foot is of a particular form, which enables them to tread firm on the fteepeft and moft flippery places. On all this coaft, it is faid, the mountains are fo im- pregnated with filver, that from one hundred weight of commoA earth five ounccsof fine filvcr may be fcpa rated. They continued their courfe towards the north, and on the 7th of February arrived at Arica, in 8 dep. 30 min. S. latitude, and in this jiort, found three fmall barks, in which they found 57 (labs of filver, each of thcfizeand fliape of an ordinary brick, and weighing about 2olb. 1 hey took no prifoners ; for the crews, fearing no interlopers, were all on ihore caroufing with one another. At this port the Spaniards were wont to land their nKrchandize, and to embark the filver, w hich was tranCportjcd from thence to Panama ; but, fince Drake's incurfion, they carry their filver overland to Lima, and load no more treafure here, except what they pay for the purchafe of fuch merchandize as is brought from Europe to fupply their market. Want- ing numbers to alPault the town, they proceeded in their courfe, and falling in with a fmall coafling-veifel, laden with linen and other cloaths, Drake fupplied his crew with what Quantity of thofe articles they flood in need of, and aifmiired the Spaniards with the remainder. From hence they failed to Chuli; in which port there was a fliip that had ^oo.cxx) pczocs of filver in bars; but the Spaniards had fcnt an exprefs from Arica, to acquaint the governor that Drake was upon the coafi. This exprefs arrived at Chuli, jufl two hours before Drake entered the port; in which time the mafter of the (hip had throw n his treafure over- board, and had fecured hiinfelf and crew on ttmrc, leaving only one Indian on board to make the report. Drake, fearing the alarm would fpread fafier than he could fail, loll no time in hazardous fearches, but in- i ftantly departed, and (leered for Lima, where tlicjf arrived on the 1 5th of February, and entered the har- bour without reliAance, in which, according to fomc writers, there were thirty fail of fiiips ; others fay, twelve ; but all asrce, that feveral of them were of con- lidcrabie force: To that Drake's fecurity confided not in his firength, but in his reputation, which had lb in- timidated the Spaniards, that the light of their owtl fuperiority could not roiife them to oppofition. In- llances of fuch panic terrors are to be met with in other relations; but as they are, for the moll part, quickly diflipated by reafon and refolution, a wife Com- mander will rarely ground his hopes of fuccefs on them ; and, perhaps, on this occafion, the Spaniards fcarcely defcrve a feverer cenfure for their cowardice, than Drake for his temerity. A writer of good autho- rity, to reconcile the matter, tells us, that Drake took them at unawares, and that the crev\s, as is ufual in times of per ect fecurity, were with their families on fiiure; and many of thofc who were ready to fail^ w ere taking leave of their friends. Be this as it may, all feem to agree, that Drake made here a confider- ablc booty, having taken from one (hip a ched full of rials of plate, which he found coucealed under the llcerage, and, from other (hips, lilks and linen cloth to a conliilcrable value. He did not, however, remain long in this harbour, but haficned in purfuit ot' the CacafiicgM, w hich (hip had failed but three davs before, and which, they were here informed, was bound to Paita. In the purfuit, they fell in with another (hip, out of which they took a large quantity of gold, to- gether with a crucifix of the fame metal, richly adorned with emeralds. They continued the purfuit ; but, hav- ing gained intelligence, that inflcad of Paita, flie was gone to Panama, Drake croudcd all the fail he could, and, to eiicour.igc the purfiicrs, promifed, that whoever firll dcfcricd the prize (hould have his gold chain .is a rcviard ; which fell to the lot of his brother John. On the ill of March they came up with her, and, after ex- changing a few fiiot, they boarded her, and found not unly a quantity of jewels, and thirteen chctls of money, but eighty pounds weight of gold, and twenty-fix tons of uncoined filvcr, with fervices of wrought plate to a great value. In unlading this prize they (pent fix days; and then difmiifing the Spaniards, fiocHl ofl again to lea. Lopez Vaz, a Spanilh writer, tells us, that, in Icfs than 24 hours after their departure from l.ima in pui- fiiit ol the Cacafucgo, news was brought that Drake was upon the coad, but that the governor had .ilready allembled the force of the country to oppofe his land- ing ; and that, finding he had left the harbour, he or- dered three (hips with fix pieces of cannon (being all he could collect), and 250 men, to putfuc him : but, the equipment of thcfe vclfels neceflarily requiring time, Drake had gained the advantage ol them : aiicC coming within fight of the prizc'off Caji'r flefli and vented their outcries, as before, in token of reverence and refpecl. They then proceeded to flicw them their wounds and difeafes, in hopes, perhaps, of a miraculous curcf to which the Englilh, to benefit and undeceive them at the fame time, applied fuch remedies as they ufcd on like occafions. Thcv were now grown confident and familiar, and came clown to the campcvcrv dny, repeating theirccic- monics, till they were more fully intbinicd how dif- agrccable they were to ihofc wliofi; favour thiy were li» ftudious of obtaining. Tluy then vifiicd thcin with- out ceremony, indeed, but with a curiofity fi) ardent, that it left them no IcifurC to provide the ncccfTarics of life, with which the Englilh « ere, therefore, obliged to fupply them. ThcV had, then, fuflicienr opportunity to remark the cuftom and difpolition of tncfe new allies, whom they found tradable and benevolent, ftrong of body far beyond the Englifh, yet Unfurniflied with weapons either for afTault or defence, their bo'*s being too weak for any thing but fport. Their dexterity in taking fifli was fuch, that, if they faw them fo near the fhore that they could come to them without fwimmingj they never mifTed them. The fame curiofity that had brought them in fuch crouds to the fliorc, now induced Drake and fome of his companions to travel up into their country, which they found at fomcdiftancc from thecoaft very fruitful, filled with large deer, and abounding with a peculiar kind of cunnies fmaller than ours, with tails like rats, paws fuch as thofe of a mole, and bags under their chins, in which they carry provifions to their young. Thehoufcsof the inhabitants were round holes dug in the ground, from the brink of which they laife laN tcrs, or poles, fhclving towards the middle, where they all meet in a ridge, andarecrampt together; the peo- ple lie upon rullics, and make the fire in the middle of the houfe, letting the fmoke fly out at the door. The men arc generally naked ; but the women make a kincj of petticoat of bulrufhes, which they comb like hemp, and throw the fkin of a deer over their fhoulders. They are very modcft, tradable, and obedient to their hufbands. The foil is but badly cultivated ; but con- tentment feems to prevail in a very eminent degree among all ranks of this happy people. The land was named by Drake New Albion, froin its white cliffs, in which it bore fome refemblance to his native country, and the whole hiftory of the rcfigna- tion of it to the Englifh was engraven on a piece of brafs, then nailed on a poft, and hxed up before their departure, which being now difcovered by the people to be near at hand, they could not forbear perpetual la- mentations. When the Englifli on the 23d of July weighed an- chor, they faw them climbing to the tops of hills, that they might keep them in fight, and obferved fires lighted up in many parts of the country, on which, as they fuppofed, facrificcs were ofl^ered. Near to this harbpur, they touched at fome iflands where they found abundance of feals; and, dcfpairing now to find any pafl^age thi lugh the northern regions, they, after a general confuitation, determined to ftecr away to the Moluccas ; and, fetting fail July 25, they held a weftern courfe for 68 days without fight of land; and, on September 30, arrived within view of fome iflands, about 20 degrees northward from the Line, from whence the inhabitants rcfortcd to them in canoes hollowed in the middle, and railed at both ends fo high above the water, that they feemed almoft a femi-circlc; they were burniflicd in fuch a manner that they fhone like ebony, and were kept ftcady by a piece of timber fixed on each fide of them. The firlt company that came brought fruits, bananas, and other things of no great value, with an appearance of traffic, and ex- changed their lading for other comn>odities with great fhow of honefty and fVicndfliip. But having, as they imagined, laid all fufpicion afleep, they fent another fleet of canoes, of which the crews behaved with all the infolence of favages, and all the rapacity of thieves ; for, whatever was fuflcred to come into their hands, they feemed to confider as their own, and would neither pay for it nor rcftorcit: and, at length, finding the Englifb refolvcd to admit them no longer, they dif- charged 21 ft 3- '5 ? >■ O .1 ii m* :ii ] ',* (I? *. I"i /ii V-tiii ■ m i*. ¥ H ! I ,1 K B^'-i;' i ^ i !» n t,— ic- H. r * K^ ^ t- {.-r- IS ■o "^j« '-In v-t9 n {« t- I 1. I / v 1 " ft. ♦ • 1 > \ / / / ■ ...^ • i 1 , i • .■• ■ . 4 ' * ! • t 1 i \ . , 5W /■ 1 If -■ - ., ,. ^ ^ H' \ ' i -■:-.. • 1 * • .>- * 1 f 1 .1 ,:■<;■ - ' ■ F i To the S O U T H S E A and R O U N iJ the WHOT R L D. 393 < harucd a fliowcr of ftoncs from their Ixwei, whu h in- fult. prakc prudently ami gipneroiilly returned, bv fir- ing hit great gvns without huiting theini at whichthiy wtrcfo tiTuflcd, that they leaped into the water, uiid hid thcmlUvct under their canoes. litre we cannot help remarking how nearly thii dc- ftriptionagrceii with the aaounti given b/ the late na- vigatori, of the temper and diQ^oTicion of the inhabit- ant! of the idand* lately difeovered between the Tro- pio«, Drake, indeed, found the tirin{{ of hit guns without hurting thoni.fulHcient to intiniul.itc thefc ig- norant people 1 but our later voyagers have thnugnt their vengcani.e not complete for any flight infult. wiih- ou? n)urcKring them by wholefalr to l\rikc tiiein with terror. The w riter of the late vo) .^.jts foy», " Our men (Itcwed as much impatience to dcllruy thcniai a t'portfman tokill his^ame." Having for fome time but little wind, they did nor arrive at the Moluccas till the .jd of Novemberi and then, deli^ning to touch at 1 idorc, as they cmllut al(Migthc illandN|utua. belonging to the King of Ter- nate, they were vilittd by his Viceroy, who informed thcin that it would be more advanta({eous for them to have rccoiirfc to his maftcr for his liipplie.H.than to the Purtugucfe, w iih whom he was at enmity. Drake wnu, by the argui)icnu of the Viceroy, prevailed upon to alter his refolutloii i and, on November the ^th, call anchor before "^'ernate. Scarce was he arrived, before the Vice- roy, with others of the diief nobility, came out in three large baiucs rowed 'by forty men on caah fide, tu condudt the Hup into a lal'e harbour; aiul,,J[ng, having fpent Uivnc time in acimiring.thc.ncw^bjcds that ,pfufented thepi- feivcs, rotjrpd as fooQ aa'^he tnip was brought ;o anchor, MvipTOfHifcA to nt/ffn on t^c day fpllowiiig; ani^ in the mean tMne tiie in^bitants, having leav9, to tipilic, brought down provilioas ip great abun4ancc. Ilie King came not aboard, aocording to hli piomire, but fent his brother to exc^ifc him, i^nd vvith.il to invite Drake adiorc, propofirtg to ftay hirnfcif as an hofla^ fbr his return. Dr^ke declined |^ing hiinfelf, but fent fome f;ej)tlcmef) of , his (^tj|Que in compapy with the Kin!<'3*bruther, and kept the Viceroy tiJl tHeir return. Thcfe .gpriilemen were received by another pf the kinf^'s brothers, and condudtcd in gixi^t ftatc tosthe caf- tlci wherCithpre was a court of, fit Icpft, icxpo pcrfpns, laiTtong whQm'wcrc threcfcorc qncjent men, privy coun- !ieilor>ito thc.kingi and on each fide of the gate with- out, flo9«lfi>ur old men of forcigfi rountries, who feryed as. interpreters in commerce. >n a Ihoit tinK .appeared the King himfclf, dreft in, cloth of ^oUI. rwith his hair woven, intoi^d ringlets, a chain otgold upon his neck, and on his fingers rings very artificially kr vvjth diii-, tnomis and jewels pf great yali^ic. Over hi^ jiea4 was borne a riiiih (:«nopy I aiid^hy, hi(fjia:ir (if bate ffoo^ a; fi^c with la fan fet with fappbires, to moderate the^cx-' eels of t^htiit. Here he received the compliments ofi the Englifh, and then honour4bly/4)flili"cd them. The; callkv which they had fome opportunity of obferviiag, fitcmctlof no great fofCQ. It v^i^s built by the Ppr^u- .gue(i:,i who,.; attempting to rpdHce this kingdom, into abfolutefubjedion, murdered the King, and intended to, .purfue' their plot by the deftrutfiion of all his. fons., But, the general abhorrenqe which cruelty and perfidy na- itumlly excite, armed the, whole nation againft them. No. 48. , and procured ilufr total exputfion from all the domi- nions of Temaie, which, fnmi th^t time, incrcaflng in powtr, continued r> make nfcw conqucfts, and to de- privV' them f)f other aaiuifitiaru. I kre tlicy lliipt between four and five tons of cfovei, inrcndin;.? to brln;; ihim to Kuropc, While they lay 1)1 Itjie 'Icrnate, agcntlcnun came on board attended by his l'ortii)»,iefe interpreter. He was drelled fonie- wbat in the kuropcaii nianner, and foon didinguiAicd himfelf from the n.itivi;s of Ternate, or any country they had evi-r ^et kun, by hit civitjly and quick com- prehenfion. Such .1 viutant may eafily be imagined to exc)te their curiofity, which he gratified by inform- iiig them that he was a nat've of China, of the family of^thc! King then upon the thronej and that being ac- cufe'd of u capital crime, of which, though he was in- nocent, he h.id not lulRcicnt evidence to clear himfelf, he had peiitionrd the fMnperorthat he might not be ex- pofed to a trial i but that his caufe might be referred to Divine Providence; and that he might be allowed to leave hi< couiTtry, with a prohibition againft rcturninfl^ unlefi hiaven, ill atteflation of his innocence, (houM enable him to bfingback to the King fome intelligence that might be to the honourand advantage of the Em- pire ot China. In ftarch of fuch information he had now lj)ent three years, and left Tidorc for the fake of convcrfing with the Mnglilh General, from whom he hoped to receive fuch accounts as would enable him to rctui'n wirh honour and faf'ety. Drake, whether he credited or difbcticved his ftory, caufed a recital to be made by one of the company, who talked the language of tht interpreter, of fuch adventures and obfervatior\s a.s he jiJil({cd would be inoft pleaflng to his vifitor, to all which ihc Chincfe lixileeave the utmofl attentioni and, having cauftd thciii to be repeated a fecond time, to imprefs them in his mind, thanked the Creator of the World for the knowledge he had gained. He then propofcd to the General to fail to his country, to which he willingly undertook to be his pilot ; but Drake could not be iniluicd to prolong his voyajje. He therefore fet fail, on November the 9th, in quell of a more convenient harbour, where he inightclcaa and relit his Ihip, ttliicii, by the length of the voyage, and the heat of the climate, was now become foul and' leaky. Directing hi.s courrefouthwa'rd, he foon fell in wiihaii' uninhabited ilLihj; which, by its appearance, urpmifed fair to a'lAvcr his purpofe. At a diftancc it looked like :i beautiful grove ; the trees were large, 0rdight, and uifty; but, what was more extraordinary^ they were irttcrfpcrrcd with fuch anaftonifhing number of (hining (lies, that the whole ifland in the night fecmed to glow v» th fire. Here they found a convenient ha- ven, ami hqre they landed and continued 26 days. They found upon tliii illand tortoil^, but of a mon- ftrous lize, and varidus Ibrts of fruits of a delicious flavour. Leaving this place on the nth of December, they cruelly delcrted the unhappy mulatto girl whom they had taken for their picafurc from a (hip that fell into their hands on the coaft of New Spain. They had at the fiihe time, taken on board a negroc youth, w'lo ihcy thoight might be ferviceabic to them in convc.-f- ing with his nation in their way home; but. finding him of little or no ufe on board, and provifions bcgin- iiing to fail, they pretended to fend this fimplc couple far Into the country to gather fruits, and, in the m«n tinie, unmodred the fliip. and hqilled fail| and, before the return of the vidims, were out of light of their tciirs, and out of hearing of their cries: a melancholy inrtance this of the depravity of man's heart, and of the relentlcfs cruelty of^ miirds addidtcd to rapine and Uitt.. The pporgirl, not yet fifteen, was ready to be de- livered of an innocent baSCj and the youth, not twenty, WW the only relburce in the midftof her difl.-efs. What hcfcl them cannot be known': but Prtvidfence feemed topunidi the perfidy of the crew by a feverc trial of .ihcir fortitude foon after. Having a wind not very favourable, they happened to be intangledanionjjiipjultitudcof jllands, intcrfperfed S G with If ! ^1 394 8m FRANCIS DRAKE'i VOYAGES h with danKtrout Ihallnwi, till January the 9ih, i(8o. when they ihoguht themrilvct clear, and were failing alon^ with a brifk gale, they wrre, at the brainnins of the night, fuddcnly Turprited in their courfc by a lud- den (hock, theraufe or which wai inftantly difcovered, for ihey were thrown upon a concealetl rocic, and, by the fpeed of their courrr, Hxed too fad for any hope of tfcaping. Here the intrepidity of Drake wat fliakcn, and hit dexterity baffled: here all the hnrrort of mind, attend. ant on confcioui guilt, concurred to aggravate the dif- trrfi of thofc who were inrtruiiicnta! in abnmloning the harnilcfit flave*. Thole who were innocent rcpruachcd the guilty with being the authon of their prelcnt dif- trtfti and, among the reft, Mr. Fletcher, the chaplain, exclaimed againti the Captain, ai one whnfc criinet nf murder and Jul) had brought down divine vengeance on all the company. Drake, who knew well how to dif. fen^hle hit refcnrinent, judging thii an improper time to rniouragp difputea, enocavourrtl, by every means in hii power, to appeafe the increaiing animofity. To Crrfcrvr, therefore, the mindi of the com|>any at ni\ e found it neceffary to keep their hand* employed, and, lor that purpofi, ordered the pumpito be conftantly Slird. Convinced by thii experiment tti.it the water id not gain U|)on them in the hold, he conceived hopen, that, by Tightcnin^^ the fliip, they might poUibly be able to heave her off. He knew it would be in vain to per* fuade them to part with their treafure, and, theremre, he firft caufcd the guns to be thrown overboard, ami then the fpiccit and.afterwardi, the water calks to be bulged, being in hopes, that, if they could be releafed, Uatcr might again he fupplied from the nrighbourinu iflaiKl.>i, loinc of which were at no great dinunce. His next attempt Mas to difcover about the fliallows fome place where they might fix an anchor, in order to bring tlicir fliip to, and, by that means, clear her from the ruck: but, ut)on examination, it was found that the rock on which they had ftruck, rofe, u many others in thofc fens do, almoft pcrpendicidar, and that there was Ik) anchorage, nor any bottom to be fathomed a boat's length from the (hip. But this difcovcrv was by Drake wilcly concealed from the common failors, left they (hould abandon thcmfelves to defpair, for which there was, indeed, much caufr, there being no profpci5l left, but that they muft there fink along with the fhip. In this deplorable fituation they nad remained for four and twenty nours, when Drake, finding all human ef- forts vain, addrelTed himfelf to his companions in dif- trefs, and exhorted them to lay alide all animofities, and prepare thcmfelvrt, by forgiving each other, forob> tatning tltat mercy through Chriir, which they could not hope to receive on any other terms. " On this oc> cadon," fays our author, " every thief reconciled himfelf to his fellow-thief, and Fletcher adminiftered the facra- ment to them all." At length, when their hopes had toifakcn them, and no new ftruggles could be made, they wcre^on a fudden, relieved by the wind's (hiftin^, and a frcih breeze fpriiwing up, which taking the (hip on the leeward quarter, inc reeled off the rock, without K-cciving any very dangerous hurt, to the unfpeakablc joy of every foul on board. This was the grcateft and moft inextricable diftrefs vhich they had fuffered, and made fuch »n imprclTion upon their minds, that for fome time afterwards they durft not adventure to fpread their fails, but went (lowly tbrward with the utnraft circumfpedion, till, arriving at the fruitful iftand of Barctene, they entered the port to repair what damage the (hip had received upon the rock, lliey found the people of this ifland of an amiable and obliging dilpofition, courteous in their manners, and honeft in their dealings. They are finely proportioned, tall of (laturr, and of comely features, f he men, in general, go naked i but the women cover th«mfclvcs from the waift downwards, arc modeft, yet not infeniible of love and pleafure. They found the ifland abounding with every nccelTary, and not a few of ihc comforts of life. Having repaired the (hip and refrefhed the men. they coniimird their courfe without any material oc- currence till the 1 1 ih of March, w hen they came to an- chor before the ifland of lava, and fcndii^ to the King a prefent of cloth and filki, received from him in re- turn a prefeni fur,»ly of refreftimcntsi and on the day lollowing Dral.e went himfelf on (hore, '.d enter- taineil the King with mufit, and obtained leave to (>or« his ftiip with provlOons. 'I'hii ifland wu governed by a great number of petty Kingt or Rayas, fubordinate to one Chief. ()t ihcfe princes three came on board to- gether a few da) 1 after their arrival, and having, upon their return, recounted the womlrr^ they had ften, and theciviliticswith which they had been treated. Incited others to fatisfy their curioflty in the fan»e manncri and Raya Denan, the chief King, came himfelf to view the ftiip, with the warlike arnumenis and inftruments of navigation. This intercuurfe of civilities fomewhat retanlcd the bufinrfs for which they camet but, at length, thev not only vitfluallcd their fliip, but payed the bottom, which was the more necelTary frequently to be repeated, u, ur that time, flieathing ol (hips was not in pratftice. - The Javans were at this time a warlike people, well armed, with fworiis, targets, and daggers, forged by themfclves, and cxquifitety wrought. They were foci- able, full of vivacity, and beyond defcription happy. They were likewifc hofpitable to ftrangers, and not at all addided to thievery, the general charaiiU-riftic of the iflanders in the Pacific Sea. From Java Drake intcmled to have vifitcd the Ma- laccas, b6t his company became troublefome, be- ing defiroDiof return'.ig home. On this occafion he called to mind the fpxch of Mafter Fletcher, while they retiiained liopclcf* upon the rock, and, under pre- tence of his fpiriting up tnc people to oppofc him, he caufed him, lavs our author, " to be made faft by one of hi« legs uitn a chain, and a '\aple knocked faft intA the hatches, in the forecafllc of the fliip. He called all the company together, and then put a lock about one of his legs I and l)rakc, fitting crofs.lcgged on a chcfl, and a pair of pantoHes in his hand, he faid, Francis Fletcher, I do here excommunicate thee out of the Church of God, and from all the benefits and graces thereof, and I renounce thee to the devil and all his angels t and then he chained him, upon p«in of death, not once to come before the maftt for. if he did, he fwore he (hould be hanged, and Drake caufed a pofey to be written, and bound about Fletcher's arm, with charge, that if he took it off he fliould then be hanged; the poTey was, Fran- cis Fletcher, the falsest knavi tHAT liveth." It docs not, however, appear how long he was obliged to wear this pofey as it is called. But Drake was obliged to alter his relolution, and comply with the company'a defircs. On the 35th of March, 1580. he thertlbre took hit departure, and, on the 1 5th of jurte, they doubled the Cape of Good Hope, having then on board his fliip fifty -fcvcn men, and but three cafks of water. On tTle 1 7th of July they palTed the Line, reached the craft of Guinea on the 16th, and on July the aid ar- rived at Sierra Lcona, after a moft delightful pafTage, in which they difcovered how much the Portuguefe had abufed the world in their falfe reprcfenrations of the horrors and dangers that attended the navigation round the Cape. At Sierra Lema they ftaid two daya to re- frefli the men, and , having fumifhed themfelvcs with wood and water for the remainder of the v<»agc, they fct fail for England in high expediation of^ enriching their country, with the fpous of the Spaniards. On the nth of September they made the ifland of Fcnra, and, on the third of November, they entered the harbour of Plymouth. In this voyage Drake fur- rounded the world, which no Commander in Chief had ever done befbrct and whati at that time appeared a thing extnordinaiv, by fteering a wcftem courfe they had left ^ day in their account. Their fuccefs in this voyage, and .the imincnle wealth they 1)rDught home, nifed much d>fcourfe thiWighout the kingdoms Ibme highly comnwnding, »nd ibme u loudly To the SOUTH SKA tnii ROUND iht W O R L D. yts ac loudly decrying the primiplct u|j«m» which it wa« quired, thefottner •llrdgnl. thai thti emtr\ym.e wni not only honourable to the Comimmlcr whocomluv'M, and the ciew who affiftcd in thenerfonnanccof it, but to their country I that it would eftablilh our n-putation for maritime (ViH in foreign nation*, and rairc a laudable fpirit of emulation at homei and that, ai to the money, our meichant» having fuffered deeply by the trcachrry tnd villainy of the Spaniard* In the new difcovcrcd tountry, there wm notnif^ more juft than that the na- tion (hould receive an equivalent bv the reprifali which Drake and hli company, at the nrttrd of their live*, had bravely extorted. The other party arsucd. that Drake, in h&, waa no better than a pirate i that, of all othcrj, it lead became ■ trading nation tocountrnamc fuch ilcjprcdationti that the cxiiedition wai not only a breach of all our treaties with Spain, but likewife of our old ieaguei with the Hoiifeof Burgundy) and that the confequencct would infallibly involve the Queen in a war, by which the na- tion would fuflcr inHnitcly more than the richei acquired by a (Ingle (hip could counterbalance. Theft were the (cntimcnti, and fhefe the fuccula- tions with which the different parties amufcif thcni- felvei forfome time after the arrival of Orakcin hii na- tive country. At length, the apjirohition of the Queen drtermined the difpiirr; for all aiiniicfccd in the wif- doinof thfir S(Wi rcijMi. lope? Vaz, a .Spunilh writer, fays, that Proke car- ried from thccoaft of Peru, 866,000 pezocs of filver, equal to 866 quintalt, equal to too pound weight each quintal, amounting to 1 ,1 ;)9,30O ducats. I Ic nlln car- ried away 100,000 pezocs of gold, equal to 10 quintals, each quintal valued at ijoo Spanifli diicatsi u d all this over and above the trcufure in the (liip, \^ hich wua not entered, conlilling of gold, (ilvcr, pearls, precious Hones, coined money, and other things oC great value. He alfo rifled the rtiips from the Philippines, laden with fpicei, filks, velvets, and other rich merchandi/c, the value not known. — By the above account, the lilvcr only,at 5s. per m. amounts to 359,8001. and the gold to 48,0001. uerling. But we have fccn a mnnufcript that makea the value of the whole cargo biought home by the Golden Hind (for that was the name that Dral^e cnoCe his (hip, the Pelican, (hould Ik know n by) amount to 8oo,oool. though that which was divided among the crew was only 8o,OOOI. Is it not rcafonahlc then to con- clude, that the (^een and Council had a conflderable Dure of the remainder? On the 4th of April, 1581, her Majefty went to Deptford, and dineaon board the (hip in which fo many Kings had been entertained before; and, after dinner, (he conferred the honour of knighthood on her Gommanden an honour not to be obtained in thole days on trivial occalions, but as a reward for fignal fcr- vices. This ttArk of diflindlion was a full declaration of her Majelly's approbation, filenced Drake's ene- mies, and gave joy to nis friends. She likewife gave di-> Kdlions for the prcfcrvation of the (hip, that it might ictnaina monument of his own and hi« country's glory. What contributed the more to render the tame of Drake illuilrious, was the frequent attempts that had been made by navigators, the mod renowned in their time, to atchieve the fame; but without Tuccefs. In I (87 the Spaniarda fent Gracca de Loaifa, a Knight of Malta, with a fquadron of feven (hips to follow the rout of Magellan, who, though his (hip returned to Spain, E; he nimfelf lod his life, before he arrived at the Ma- cas, thepromifed iflands. Loaifa palTed the (traits, indeed, loft fome of his (hips in the South Seas, others put into the ports of New Spain, and only his own velTcl and one more reached the Eaft Indies, where himfelf and all his people peri(hed. In t5a6,theGenocfe fent two (hipstopafs the ftraits, of which one was caft away, and the other returned home withoi' eifedling any thing. Sebaftian Cabot, in the ('erviccof the crown of Por- tugal, made the like trial 1 but, not beii^ able to find the ftraiu, returned into the river of Plate. AiiH-ricu* Velp'ilius, a Morcniine, lioni whom the new world rrt eivrd \U name, undertook to perlnrm, in ihelcrviyefll tine crown o( iVtugal, what Cat)wt hn<| pmmifcd with for it was verily thought tfiey had all been dead. On their landing they were all three apparelUd in cloth of gold and (ilver after the lulian manner, being the (kmp the Italian noblemen and gentlemen had {riven them. They came to Goa very lively and in hi^h fpirits; and the Mutes weq; not a little proud, that through their ibeaitf^^YOjrage had bcca ■I 396 Sir F R a N C I S D R A K E'g VOYAGES i »■ been fucccfsfully |)crfoiincd. In Goa they (laid till the monfoon or time of the winil'* fetting in to fail for China, and thence to Japan, where, with great triunnph and wondering of all the people, they were received and welcomed home, to the great furtherance of the Je« fuits." The St. Philip, in her voyage to Goa, had been driven by (Ircfs of weather into Maliimbiquc, where flic met with the St. Laurence, homeward bound, that had like- wife been driven into the fame port difabied, having loll hor malls, and received other confidcrablc damage, by which Ihe was rendered unfcrviceable. . The St. Philip, therefore, as foon as Ihc had landed her palFcn- gers at Goa, returned to Mafambique, and took in the lading of the St. Laurence, which enabled her to make her vopge to Europe about the ufual time; a circum> (lance fortunate for Drake, ;< It increafeJ both his fame and his fortune. .In 15 8R, Drake was appointed Vice-Adminal, under Charles Loi-d ElHn^ham Howard, Migh-Aiimiral o( England, tooppolc tlie tbnnidable arm-adu thut had for three years bctore been fecrctly prefraring in Spain for the invaiion of England. In Drake's letter 10 Eord Treafurcr Burleigh, .uquainting him with the approach of the Spaniards, he concludes with this cicgant coii.- pliment to iiis fupcrioi : " That, though the Itrength of the enemy out-wcnt report, yet. the chcarlulncfs a:\d couracje which the Lord Admiral expreflcd gave iili Mho had. the honour to ferve under him afluranuc ol \ii> tory ;" a compliment w hich was the more admired in Drake, as in a former letter to the fame Mini tier, in which he tells him of his gallant atchievement in the port of Cadiz, " Not rclling, faid he, at Lillxin, wc failed fo clofe to tlic Spaniih King, that ue tinged his beard;" a coarfe metaphor, it inuil be owned, but ftrongly charatterillic. Draie's good fortune (lilt accompanied him; for in the engagement which afterwardj happened on the ar- rival of the armada, though he committed the greatcll error that ever Commander was guilty of, by purfuing fbme hulks belonging to the Hans Towns for plunder, when he was cntrullcd to carry lights in the night for tftiediredionof the Engliih fleet, he mifled the Admiral j yet he was the only Commander who profited molt by the dellru^ilion of the enemy. Lord Howard, fuppof- ing the lights of the SpaniHi Admiral to be the lights which Drake was ordered to carry, was entangled in the very centre of rhe Sjianilh fleet, before he found his miilakcj but, fortunately, night favouring his efcape, he difengaged himfelf.bcforc he was difcovered. This blunder was afteVwards eftaced by the gallant behavi- ou: of Drake, than whom ni. nun was ever bolder, or more determined. Wc do not, however, find his name an ong ihc Commanders whom the Lord High Admi- ral thought proper to thr .k for '.heir Cervices on that oc- talion. On the id of July, fays Strype, Sir Francis, obferving a large Spaniih galleon, commanded by Don Pedro de Valdca, v* ho was the reputed projeclor of the invalion, floating at a diClance from both fleets, fent his pinnace to fummon the Captain to furrendcr, who at firft vaupri'gly fct him at defiance ; but being told it was Drake that required him to yield, he immediately llruck hi- colours, and, wiih 46 of hi* crew, came on board the conqueror. Ifi this fliip he found 50,000 du- cats, with other cflccis to a much greater amount. The next year he was appointed Admiial of a fqua- dron fent to place Don Antonio on the throne of Por- tugal, to which 'at Prince pretended to have a right. •• But, favs Rapin, (whofe account of this expedition we (hall follow) as the Queen was cJitrcmely frugal, and an undertaking againft Spain could not but be very cx- |)ei»«vc, (lie (b onicrcd it, that Drake and Norris took upon them to be at the chitrgc, in hopes of making themfclvcs amends by the booty they (hould meet with. So (he only found them fix (hip* of war, with a prefent of 60,0001.. with leave to railc foldiers and failors (or the cxfii:dition: Drak* had already tried the Spaniards in Ahicrica »nd in the Channel, and was convinced they were.i|M)K fornud;U>lc in (ummon opinion tlian in I ... ' 3 reality ; where(orc. joining witl^ Sir }obp l^fxrif, amii fome other private pcrfons, thcv equipped, a fleet, anfl embarked n, 000 foldiers and ijoo tpiurjpM- The Hollanders having alfo added foine (bip«, the fleet con- lifted, according to Stow, of 446 faif, tranfports and vidluallers included. Drake commanded at Tea, and Norris was General of the land forces. They took with them Don Antonio, who hocMad, by the afliftancp of the EnglKh to l»e put in pofleilion Qf hi» kifigdwi. w here he pretended to have msny.friendi. ^« They failed from Plymouth on the i8th orAprij, and foon after arrived at thp Groyne, w.bere lanainR their troops, they alTaulted the lower town, and carried it by (lorm. Then they bcfiegcd the upper town. But Norris, having advice that the Condeoi Andrada was approaching with a body of troops to relieve the piaca. liiddenly raifcd the liege to march againft him; and. oN'crtaking him, flew 3Q00 of his men. This done, he burnt feveral villages; and, without returning to the liege, re-embarked his troops, their principal defign being againfl Portugal. " vV'hilll they were failing towanis thecoaflsof that kingdom, they were joined by the Earl of EITcx, with fome (liips he had armed at his own charge, unknown to the Queen. Some days after, they arrived at Pant- cha, a little town in Portugal, and, taking it, relloredit U) Don .Antonio; from thence Norris marched by land to Lilbon, Drake promiling to follow with the fleet up the Tai'iis, l'hoi continue their old game, w here the profits were more, and the danger le(s, united their intereft to pcrfuade the Quctn and Council to undertake an efl^cCtual expedition to the Weft Indies, by which the nation might be enriched, and tiic enemy deprived of thole rclources by which they were enabled to aury on the war. I'or this purpofe they proturetl, according toRapin, twenty-fix of the Qjieen's (hipn, the equipment of which, like the foriiier, (ceimto nave been fupplird by private adventure; a practice at that time ver>' com- HKJn, where plunder was to be the reward. TJhc pre- parations for this expctlitiim, however, as it far exceeded aii fornrcr enterprizcs to the American Iiidies, could not he. made fo privately, or conduc'lcd fo fccrnly, but that the Spaniaids tinind means to difcovcr both its ftrength To the S O tr T H SEA and ROUND the WORLD. 397 ftrength and deftination, and prepared thcmfelvcs ac- cordingly. ^ , ^ , A« the places that were to be attacked lay at a great dilhince, it was neccflary to gain time, in order to for- tify them. It wai, therefore, found nccclTary to dcvife fome expedient to prevent the failir^ of that formida- ble armament, till every thing was in readinefs to op- pofc it. Accordingly, it was given out, that a fccond mvafionwai intended againft England; and when the Spanifti fleet was ready to fail for America, that had been equipping under pretence of an invafion, a fliam ' attack was made upon Cornwall, in order to fpread an alarm, and give it countenance. This had the deTired eflRwft. Ik was thought ittipro- per to part with fo many ftout (hips while the nation was threatened} and the expedition was therefore re- tarded, till the panic had fubfidcd. It was therefore the 28th of Auguft, 1695, before the G>mmanders obtained pcrmiflion to fail; and in the mean time the Queen having received advice that the plate fleet was fafe arrived in Europe, and that only one ihip, which had fprung her mart, remained behind, her Majefty acquainted them with the intelligence, and ad- vifcd them to attack Porto Rico, before they purfued their grand enterprize,by which they might make thcm- felves matters of the galleon without lofing much time inthcconqucft. Sir Francis Drake, who was not formed to adt m con- jund expeditions, had not been long at fca before he differed in opinion from his fellow Commander, and purfued a projcd totally difl'erent from the firfV objcd of the voyage, in which, however, he was feconded by Sir Thomas Balkerville, Commander of the land forces. This fchemc was to attack the Canaries in the way to America; in which, however, they failed; and fpending neceflarily much time in the iflaml of I>)minica in land- ing and refrefliing the men, ,who. being unufed to long voyages in hot climates, were many of them unfit to })toceed,the Spaniards had fo efliedlually prepared thcm- clvcs, that, when the Generals came to adion, they found an oppofition very different from what they ex- pc£t£d I and were foon fcnfible, that what they had for- merly effe^ed by furprize with a handful of failors, was not now to be accomplifhed with a whole army of dif- ciplined troops. , . - In their courfe to Porto Rico, one of the Iternmoft ihipsof the Englifti fleet fell into the hands of five Spa- rtilhfrigates that had been fent from Spain to convoy heme the galleon from that port. From this fliip they gained the intelligence of the intended attack, the confequences of which being forefeen bv Sir John Hawkms, it threw him into a fudden diforder, of which in a few days he died— fome fay, of a broken heart. They were now, November u, 1595, before Pc.to Rico, and the fame evening that Sir John Hawkins died, as the principal officers were at fupper, a cannon- ihot from the fort pierced the cabin, killed Sir Ni- cholas Clifford, wounded Captain Stratford, mortrlly wounded Sir Bwtc Browne, and ftruck the ftool from under Sir Francis Drake, as he was drinking fuccefs (o the attack. The next day, purfuant to a refolution of a council of war, a general atuck was made upon the fliipping in the harbour, but without etfed. The Spaniards Tuf- fered much, but the Englifti more ; who, finding it im- poflible to make an impreflion upon the fortifications of the town, weighed anchor, and fteered to Rio de la Ha- cha, fet ftre to the town and burned it to the ground : they likewife performed fome other exploits of the like kind ; but having landed the troops deffined to crofs the iffhmus to attack Panama, after a fatiguing march in which they were great fuffcrers, they returned, without being able to reach the place. This difap- E ointment materially aflfedted Dralce, who having, as e thought, provided a fufiicient force to carry into execution the enterprize which he had well-nigh ef- feded with a few failors and Symcrons fome years be- fore, could not bear the thought of furviving his dif- No. 48. grace. " Now. fays Fuller, bccan the difcontcnt of I .Sir Francis Drake to feed upon him. He conceived, that expedbtion, a mercilefs ufurer, computing each day fince his departure, exadlcd an intc. eft and return of honour and profit proportionable to his great pre- parations, and tranfcending his former atchievcmcnts. He faw that all the good which he had ilone in his voy- age, conflff^d in the evil he had done the Spaniards afar off, whereof he could prefcnt but fmall vifibic fruits in England. Thefc apprehcnfions accompanying, if not caufing, the difeafe of the flux, wrought his fudden death ; and fickncfs did not fo much untie his cloaths, as forrow did rend at once the robe of his mortality afunder; He lived by the fea, died on it, and was bu- ried in it. This account of the manner of Sir Francis Drake's death fcems to be authentic, though fome have not fcrupled to infinuate, that ficknefs had no part in that cataftrophe. Be that as it may. Fuller's reflexions upon it defcrve to be remembered. " Thus, fays he, we fee how great fpirits; having mounted to the higheft pitch of performance, afterwards ftrain and break their credit in ftrivingtogo beyond it. Or, it may be, God oftentimes leaves the brightefl men in an eclipfe, to fhew that they do but bbrrow their luftre from his re- flexion." Thus we have endeavoured to trace the aclions of this celebrated navigator from beginning to end. If we have withdrawn the veil, which has hitherto covered his infinnities, it has. been in the purfuit of truth; not with a dcfign to detrad from his real merit, but to (hew his charaXer in the true light. In the current of fuc- ccfs, even crimes df the deepeft dye are fometimcs pi- tronifcd even by the public. The adlions which gave rife to Drake's popularity, are fuch as a courageous leader, with an hundred armed followers, might in thefe peaceable times eafily perform, by entering the cities or towns ort the coaft of Britain, in the dead of night, cutting the throats of the watch, and all who happen to be awake in the ftreets, breaking open and plundering houfes, and churches, feizirtg every thing va- luable that ihould fall, into their hands, and, before the people could recover from their confternationj making their efcape with their booty. Were fuch a company mafters of an armed veffel, if there were no (hip of force to oppofe them, what (hould hinder their failing from place to place, and, " provided rhey could out- run report," performing the like exploits in every town theyrameto.' Would there beany thing truly great irt this? Or would the man who fiiould undertake and exe- cute an enterprize of fiicha horrid nntur*-, bejuftly en- titled to the name of Hero.' If not, what Ihall we fay of Drake's nodurnal enterprize on Nombre de Dios; of his way-laying the treafurc in the road from Pa^ naina ; of his ranging the unarmed coalls of Chili and Peru; and of his plundering vilLigcs, towns, and fliips belonging to a peaceable unfufpecting peoplcj with whom his nation was at peace, and from whom oppo- fition was not to be dreaded? What, indeed, did the people at that time fay .' Thofe who were the fuffcrers cried out loudly againft the plunderer; and Bemar- dine de Mendoza, i.isSpanilh Ambafladdr at the court of Queen Elizabeth, inlifted that he fliouid be puniflied for his robberies, and that all the money and cfleds he hadfeizedfliouldbereftored; but^ if the Queen was a private adventurer, as. from Drake's declaration to his followers, and from other inflanceS of the womaniffi littlenefTes of that Princefs, there is reafon to fufpedt* What hope was there of juftice or re!iitution from re- monftrance? Indeed, it ferved that avaricious Queen for a pretence to feciueftcr the treslure which Drake brought home, and to convert, it is probable, the greateft part of it to her own ufc; for, as we have al- ready ftiewn from good authority above, though the whole booty was valued at 8cxj,oool. yet only 8o,oool. was divided among the plunderers; and Rapin t^lls us^ that fome part of the treafure was afterwards repaid by the Queen to Spain. If flic had not retained enough in her hands, no one will fuppofc, that the Sovereign, i ** *nB . m iii 398 DRAKE'S VOYAGES ROUND the WORLD, &c. 'It II It who could caufe the goods of her favourite Lcicefter to be fet to public fale alter his death, for the payment of monev (he had lent him, would have repaid to Spain from her own coffers the plunder that haa been unjuftly ttken by one of her meaner fubjedh. To dignify adlions, therefore, of the moft infamous J)iracy with the name of great, is to exalt vice, and to iibilitute fuccefsful villainy in the place of fubftantial virtue. If we view Drake in the light of a courageous plunderer, he may vie with the De la Poles, the Black- beards, or any of thofe daring didurbers of the times in which they lived, who ftruck a panic wherever they roved to commit their ravages: but, confider him as a Commander, employed in the defence of his country, and we (hall fee nothing to admire, except his courage. In the (ird enterprize in which he was engaged, he was indeed fuccefsful. The Queen, fiifpeding an intention in Philip of Spain to revenge the injuries his fubjcCls had received, pitched upon Drake, who had given the offence, as the fitteft man to prevent the con(equcnces. He, therefore, as he had done before, attacked the enemy by furprize, and fct (ire to a defencelefs number of tranfports aflembled in the harbour of Cadiz, with- out a fliip of war to proted them, or a gun fired by way of oppofition. The accident whicn afterwards threw the rich India fliip in his way, on his return home, did him no honour as a Commarider, though it gave him credit as a fortunate adventurer: nor did his be- haviour in the Channel, when, inftcad of maintaining his port, he purfucd the Hans merchant fliips, a rope with the produdtion of a New Earth, fince called America; while much about the fame time the latter, inQ}ired by a like fpirit of ertterprize, and animated by a magnanimity that defpifcd danger, opened a paflage N>a new fca, to which negavethenatncof Pacinc. In the year 1520, on the 6th of November, Ma- gellan entered the Araiis, that have ever fince been called bv his name, and on the 27th of the fame month beheld the wilhed for objed of his purfuit, the Great Southern Ocean. For one hundred and 'hirtecn days, he continued (leering to the north-weft, and having in that timecroflTed the line, he fell in with thofe iftands, to which he gave the name of Lidrones; and proceed- ing from hence in fearch of the Maluccas, he found in his way many little illands, where he was hofpiiably re- ceived, and where a friendly correfpondcnce was efta- blilhed. Thefe iflands were fituated between the La- drones, and what arc now known by the name of the Philippines, in one of which, callcct Nathan, Mairclian, with 60 men, encountering a whole army, was firft wounded with a poifoned arrow, and then pi . ced with a bearded I^nce. His little fquadron. now reduced :o two fliips, and not more then 80 men, departed hr.tilv^, but one only, the Vidtory , returned by the C ipe of Good HoiKT, and was the Firft Ship that ever vs:nt rounf^ che world. Other adventurers were not now w.inrntj to follow the fteps of this intrepid Na\ nniard, was fent from Lima, on purpofe for dlovir/. '.I.' failed 800 leagues well ward from the 'o;ift oi' IVi u. and fell in with certain idands in the lat-tudc of 1 1 'ky,. S. and captain Cook inclines to the opi'iior, thai, they are the cluftcr which comprizes what hss (inti: b a dinerent route, made other dii*coveries, annong which was the ftrait between New Ri-itain and N^ '■ Ireland- ^^c returned with the .l vallow to Kngland, after 'iivir^ encountered innumc- « Aiilc diflicnitios, in March i ji,^. In the fame year and ntonth, commodore Bougainvdle, ha 1 ig circumnavi- gated the globe, arrived in France. In ■ 760, the Spaniards f r . out a (hip to trace thedif- coveries of the Englilh and French commanders, which arrived at Otaheite in 1771. This (hip touched at Eafter Ifland, but whether fh n umed to New or Old Spain remains undecided. In the fame y^j. 1769, the French alfo fitted out another (hip from the Mauritius, under the command of capuin Kergulen. who. having difcovered a few barren iPinds, contented himfelf with leaving fome memorial, chat were fot d by Captain <^k. To this diftinguiO'-d navigator was relervrd the honour of Ix-i^j the tini, wh from a fcries of the moftfittisfadorv ob/erva'ions. beg jming at the well en- trance of the (trait of Magellan, and carried on with unwearied pcrfcvcrant-: round Terra del Fuego, through theftraitor Lc M^irc .las conftrudbed a chart of ttt fouthen ?xtrcinity of America, from which it will np- pear, *h ladviitages will now be enjoyed by t'lofc who thail hereafter fail round Cape Horn. Oiprain Cook failed from Plymouth, in Auguft 1 768, and rc- tu. 'u •! home by the Cape of Good Hope in July 1 771 . Th,i experienced circumnavigator performed his fe- cond voyage in the Refolution and Adventure. TheTc H.. .^9. two (hips failed from England in July 1773, and re. turned on the 30th of the fame month, in 1775. The general objedt of this and the preceding voyauc round the world, undertaken by the command of his Majefly, was to fearch for unknown tradls of land that might exift within the bofoni of the immenfe cxiunfe of ocean that occupies the whole ibuthernhemifphcrei and, par> ticularly. to determine to a certainty, the exillencc or non-cxiftcncc of a Southern Continent: and thefe voy. ages have facilitated the acccfs of lliips into the Pacific CX'can, and alfo greatly enlarged our knowledge of in contents. Our late navigators, befidcs pcrfcdling many of the difeovcries of their predcccffors, have added to them a long catalogue of their own. The feveral lands, of which any account had been given by the Spaniards or Dutch, have been carefully looked for, and moll of them (&und, vifited, and accurately furvcyed. The boafted Tierra Aullralia del Efpiritu Santo of CJuiros, as being a part of a fouthcrn continent, could notiland capta.^i Cook's examination, who fulled tounJ it, and afltgned its true pofition, ami moderate bounds, in the Archipelago of the New Hebrides. Bougainville did no more than difcover, that the land here was not ron- nededj but captain Cook found it to be compofed of iflands. and explored the whole group. Byron. Wullis, and Carteret, had each of them contributed towards in- crca(ing our knowleilge of the amazing profulion of iflmds that exift in the Pacific Ocean, within the li. mitsof (he fouthern tropic : but how fur that ocean reached to the weft, what lands bounded it onthatflde, and the connection of thofe lands with the Uifcoveries of former navigators, nniaincd abfolutcly unknown, till captain C'xik decide 1 the qucftbn, and brought home fuch ample accounts of them and their inhabit- ants, ns have left little more to be done in that part of the globe. It wasa favourite conjedlural opinion among geographers, that New Zealand was a part of a fouthern continent ; but captain Cook's voyage in the i£ndravour has proved it to be a mere fup|x)lition; for he fpent near fix months upon its coafts. circumnavigatea it com- pletely, and afcertained its extent and divifions into two iflands. Whether New Holland did or did not join to New Guinea was another queftion, which cap- tain Cook decided, by failing between them through Endeavour ftrait. I le, therefore, in this part of hia voyage, has eftablilhed a fad of eflcntial fervicc to na« vigation, by opening, if not a new, at leaft an unfre- quented and forgotten communication between tlic Southern Pacific and Indian oceans. I'o captain Car.* teret we are indebted for a new difcovery, in the ftrideft fenfe of the word. St. George's channel, through which Ills fliip found a way, between New Britain aiid New Ireland, ii a much better and (hortcr pa(l;i bou, that the younger Sebaftian made the or,|pnal at tempt to difcover a N. W. pafVage in i.}.ci '^ which ended in the difcovery of New foumiland, anti the Lii- bradore coaft. He returned by the way of Ncvfbun i" land, bnncing home with him two Lfquimcaux. (n s 1 ^^i^ I li \ n 403 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. Bi ' J! I 1 576 Sir Martin Forbi(her undertook • fecond expedi- tion, and found a ftrait on the fouthemwft point of Greenland, but, after reoeated triali, he relinquiflwd his hope of feeing the objea he held in contemplation and had been puifuing. Sir Humphry Gilbert was morti- fied with the fame difappointment. He coaded along the American continent from the 60th degree of nor- thern latitude, till he fell in with the Gulph of St. Law- rence; took polTeHion, in hit Sovereign's name, of that land, fince called by the French Canada; and wu the firft who proiedled and promoted the eftablilhment of the fifhery m Newfoundland. Captain John Davis made three trials for a pafliwe N. W. each of which C roved unfortunate ana unfuccefiful. In his progrcfs e paflcd the ftrait that ftill bnrs his name, anaad- vanced as hish as the latitude of 66 deg. Mr. Henry Hudfon, in the vear 1610, projedled a new courfc to- wards the N. w. which brought him to the mouth of the bay that now bears his name. But the adventure ended, by the mutiny of his crew, in the tragical death of the Captain, and feven of his fick followers. The vear following Sir Henry Button undertook the u(k, but with no &tter fucccfs than his predeccflbr. He was followed by James Hall and William Baffin. Hall in this fruitlcfs expedition fell by the hands of a favagei and Baffin who renewed the purfuit in 1615, examined a fea that communicates with Davis's (Irait, which he found to be no other than a great bay, and called it after his own name; an inlet to the north, in latitude 78 deg. he called Smith's found. In 1631 Luke Fox made a voyage in fcarch of the fame fuppofed pafTage, but to as little purpofe as the reft. He was followed by Captain James, who, after the motl elaborate fearch, changed his opinion, and declared that no fuch paflage exilled. Thus our countrymen and the Dutch have been equally unfuccefsfiil m various attempts to find this pafTage m an eadem direiflion. Wood's failure in 1676 feemed to haveclofed the long lift of unfortunate northern expeditions in that century ; and the difco- very, if not ablblutely defpaired of, by having been miflcd lb often, ceafed, for near another century, to be fought after: but Mr. Dobbs once more recalled the attention of this country to the probability of a N. W. pafTage through Hudlon's Bav ; in confequence of which cap- tain Middleton was lent out by government in 1741, and captains Smith and Moore, by a private fociety, in 1 746, each encouraged by an ang the natives of the coun- tries you may difcover in the Northern Hemifphere: and having refre(hed the people belonging to the floops under your command, and taken on board fuch wood and water as they may refpediveiy (land in need of, you arc to leave thofe iflands in the bsginning of February, or fooner if you fliall judge it necefTary, and then pro. ceed in as dire<5t a courfe as you can to the coad of New Albion, endeavouring to fall in with it in the latitude of 4j deg. N. anJ ukiiw care in your way thither, not to Iflife any time in fearch of new lands, or to flop at any you may fall in with, unlefs you find it neccfEiry to re- cruit your wood and water. «' You arc alfo in your way thither, flridly enjoined not to touch upon any part of^the Spanifh dominions on Jhe i COOIt'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE—To the PACIFIC OCEAN, flee. 403 the weftcrn continent of America, unlcft driven thither by fontc unavoidable accidcnti in which rafe yo<. are to ftay no longer there than (hall be abfolutcly Hcccf- lary, and to be very careful noi to give umbrage or of- fence to any of the inhabitant* or lubjedi of hit catho- lic Majefty. And if, in your farther progrcfi to the northward, ai hereafter directed, you find any fubjc^i of any European prince or ftate upon any part of the coadyou may think proper to vifit, you are not to dif- turb them, or give them any juft caufe of offence, but, on the contrary, to treat them with civility and friend, ^ip. " Upon your arrival on the coaft of New Albion, you ate to put mto the firft convenient port to recruit your wood and water, and procure rcfrelnmenu, and then to proceed northward along the coaft, as far as the lati- tude of 6( dcg. or farther, if you are not obftruded by landi or icc t taking care not to lofc any time in ex- ploring riven or inleu, or upon any other account, un- til you get into the before-mentioned latitude of 65 deg. where we could wi(h you to arrive in the month of June next. When you get that length, you are very carefully to fearch tor, and to explore, fuch riven, or inJeti, ai may appear to be of confiderable extent, and Sinting towards Hudfon's. or Baffin's Bays, and if, im your own obfervations, or from any information you may receive from the natives (who, there is reafon to believe are the fame race of people, und fpcak the fame language, of which you are furniflied with a voca- bulary, as the Efquimeaux) there (hall appear to be a certainty, or even a probability of a water paflage into the aforementioned bays, or either of them, you are, in fuch cafe, to ufcyour utmoA endeavours to pafs through with one or both of the (loops, unlefs you (hall be of opinion that the palTage may be cfTrdled with more cer- uinty, or with greater probability by fmaller veffrls 1 in which cafe vou are to fet up the frames of one or both the fmafl vsfTels with which you are provided, and, when they are put together, and are properly fitted, ftored, and vidualled, you are todifpatch one or both of them, under the care of proper oflicen, with a fufficicnt number of pettv ofBcen, men, and boats, in order to attempt the faid palTaget with fuch inftrudVions for re- joining you, if they (hould fail, or for their farther pro- ceedings, if they (hould fucceed in the attempt, as you iball Judge mofl proper. But, neverthelcfs, ifyou (iiall find it more eligible to purfuc any other meafurcs than thofe atxjvc pointed out, in order to make a difcovery of the before-mentioned pslTage (if any futh there be) you are at liberty : and we leave it to your difcrction, to purfue fuch meafures accordingly. " But, (hould you be fatisfic J, that there is nopa(rage through the bays, fuflicicnt for the purpofcsof naviga- tion, you are, at the proper feafon of the year, to repair to the port of St. Peter and St. Paul in Kamtfchatka, or wherever elfe you (hall judge more proper, in order to refrefh yoDr people and pafs the winter; and in the fpring of theeiuuingyear, 177 8, to proceed from thence to the northward, as far as, in your prudence, you may think proper, in further fearch of a narth-ea(l,or north- weft palTage, from the Pacific Ocean into the Atlantic, or North Sea: and if, from your own ubUrvation, or sny information you may receive, there fliall appear to be a probability of fuch a pafTage, you are to proceed u above direded ; and having difcovcrcd fuch a paf- fage, or failed in the attempt, make the bed of your way back to England, by fuch route as you may think bell for the improventent of geography and navigation 1 repairii^ to Spithead with bMh (loops, where they are to remain till further orden. " And at whatever places you may touch in the courfc of your voyage, where accurate obfervations of the na- ture hereafter mentioned have not already been made, you are, as far as your time will allow, vciy carefully to obferve the fituation of fuch jplaces, both in latitude and longitude; the variation ot the needle; bearings of head-lands ; height, diredion, and courfe of the tlde< and cunenU; depths, and foundings of the fca ; (hoais, rocks, &c. and alio to furvey,r make charts, and take views of fuch bays, harbours, and different parts of the coa(t, and to make fuch notations thereon, as may he ufeful either to navigation or commerce. You are alfo carefully to obferve the nature of the foil, and the pro* dure thereof I the animals and fowls that inhabit or fre« quent it; the fifhea that are to be found in the river* or upon the coafts, and in what plenty; and, in cafe there art any peculiar to fuch places, to defcribc them minutely, and to make as accurate drawings of them as i'oucan: and, if you find any metals, minerals, or va- uable ftones, or inv extraneous folTils, you are to bring home Ipecimeiu ot each ; as alfo nf the feeds of fuch trees, (nrubs, plants, fruits and grains, peculiar to thoftf places, as you may be able to colled, and to tranfmit them to our fecretary, that proper experiments and ex- amination may be made of them. You are likewife to examine the genius, temper, difpofition, and number of the natives and inhabitants, where you And any 1 and to endeavour, by all proper means, to cultivate a friendlhip with them, making them prcfenu of fuch trinkets as you may have on board, and they may like bcft ; inviting them to traffic 1 and (hewing them every kind of civility and rmrd; bbt taking care, neverthe. lefs, not to fufier yourielf to be furprized by them, but to be always on your guard againO anv accidents. " You are alfo, with the confentof the natives, to take po(re(rion, in the name of the King of Great Britain, of convenient fituations infuch countries as you may difco* ver,thathavealreadynotbeendifcoveredorvirited by any other European power; and to diftribute among the in* habitants (uch tnings as will remain as traces and tefti- monies of your having been there; but if you find the countries fo difcovercd arc uninhabited, you are to take po(rc(non of them for his Majcfty, by fetting up proper marks and infcriptions, as (irft difcovercrs and pollcf- fon. " But forafmuch as, in undertakings of this nature, feveral emergencies may arife not to be forcfecn, and therefore not particularly to be provided for by inftruc- tions before- hand; you are, in (uch cafes, to proceed as you (hall judge moft advantageous to the fcrvice on which you arc employed : and you are, by all opportu-* nities, to fend to our Secretary, for our information, ac« counts of your proceedings, and copies of the furveys and drawings you (hall have made; and upon your ar« rival in England, you are immediately to repair to this office, in order to lay before us a full account of your proceedings in the whole courfe of your voyage; uicing care before you leave the (loop, to demand from the officers and petty officers, the log-books and journals they may have kept, and to feal them up for our infpec- tion; and enjoining them and the whole crew, not to divulge where they have been, until they have permif- fion fo to do: and you atv to diredl captain Gierke t'^ do the fame, with refpedl to the officers, petty officers, and crew of the Difcovery. " Should any accident happen totheRefolution.in the courfe of the voyage, fo as to difable her from proceed- ing any farther, you are, in fuch cafe, to remove yourfelf and her crew into the Difcovery, and to profecute youc voyage in her; her commander being hereby ftridlly re- auired to receive you on board, and to obey your or- den, the fame, in cve^ refpeft, as when you were ac- tually on board the Kefolution: and, in cafe of your inability, by (Icknefsorotherwife, to carry thcfc infVnic- lions into execution, you are to be careful to leave them with the next officer in command, who is hereby re- quired to execute them in the bcft manner he can. " The above Inftrudions were given July the 6th, 1 776, under the hands of the Earl of Sandwich, I-ord C. Spencer, Sir H. Pallifer; and, by command of their Lordfhips. ftgncd Philip Stephens, Secreury of the Admiralty." In order to carry this noble and extenflvc plan into execution, on February the 14th 1776, the Refolution and DifCbvery, having been completely equipped in the dock at Deptford, were put into commiflion. Cap- tain Cook hoiftcd his pendant on board the former lluop t and the commandof the Difcovery, of three hundred tons ■i" II It f04 Capt. COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE. t ft ! toni burthen, whiih haJ been purchafcil into the fer- vicc, wat uiven to captain CIcrkc, who haJ been rap- tain Cook i fccoml Lieutenant, on board the Refoiu- tion, in hit fecotul voyage round the world. Both fliipt were well fitted out, and fupplicd abundantly with cviry article nicelFary for a long voyage; and on the Kih iif June, while they lay in long rcacn, we had the fatiitaL'tinn of a vifit irom the earl of i^ndwich, Sir Mugh Pallifcr, and others of the board of Admiralty, to examine whether c\cry thing had been compteiecl purTuant to their orders, and to the convenience of ihofe who were to eml>ark. They honoured captain Cook with their company to dinner on th;it day; and Ikcie falutcd, on their coming on board, and on their going on fliorc. with fc venteen guns and three cheers. To convey fume permanent benefit to the inhibitants of Otalicite, andof theother illands which we might happen to vifit, hi.s Majcfty ordered us a fupply of fome ufelul animals, and we took on Ixiard a bull, two cows, with the ircalvca, and fome fliccp; with hay and corn for their lupport. We were alio turniflied with a fuffi- cient (quantity of our valuable Kuropcan garden feeds, which ntight add tVclli fupplies of food to the vegeta- ble prcKluclions of our rcwiy difcovrred iflandt. We had alfoancxtinfivcaflbrtmentof iron tooUund trinkctn, to facilitate a friendly commerce and intcrcourfe with the inhabitants of fuch new countries ar we might dif- covci . With refpc(!l to our ov, n wants, nothing was re- fufed us that mignt be conducive to health, comfort or convenience. Thofe at the head of the naval depart- ment were equally folicitoiis to render our voyage ol public utility; to this end we received a variety of aftiononiical and nautical inllniments. which the Board of Longitude intruded to captain Cook and Mr. King, his fecond Lieutenant; they having; engaged to fupply the place of a prolelled obfervator. The Board, likewife, put into their poflclTioB the timekeeper, which captain Cook had carried out in his lad voyage, and whicn had performed fo well. It was conftrudtcd by Mr. Kendal, and was a copy of Mr. Harrifon's. Anothvr time-piece, and the fame aJTortmcnt of aftro- nomicai and other inflrumcnts. were put on board the Difcovcry, for the ufeot Mr. William Bailey, who was engaged as an obfervator on board that Hoop Though feveral young men, among the fca oflicers, were capable of bci.'.gcmployed in conftriicting chart?, drawing plans, and taking views of the coads, and head-lands, never- thclrfs, Mr. Webber was engaged to embark with cap- tain Cook, for the purpofe of fupplying the defedls of writtca accounts; by taking accurate and inanerly drawings of the moft memorable fcenes of our tranf- ak!lions. Mr. Andcrfon, tikewife, Sur|^eon to captain CvA)k. added to his profeflional abilities a great pro- ficiency in natural hiftory. He had already viiitecf the South Sea illands in the lame fliip, and enabled the Cap- tain to enrich his relation of his voyage with ufcful and valuable remarks. The vocabularies of the Friendly and .Sandwich iflands, and of the natives of Nootka had been furnilhcd to our commander, by this his moll ufeftil alFociate, Mr. Andcrfon: and a fourth, in which the language of the Efquimaux is comparri with that of the Americans on the oppofite lidc of the continent, had been prepared by the Captain himfelf. The con- fclTed abilitie!«, ai;d great aUiduity of Mr. .^.tiderfon, in obfcrving every thing thai >'elated either to natural hiftorv, or to manners and language, and the defire that captain (. ook, on all occalions, fhcwed to have the afliilance of that gentleman, (lamped a great value on his colledions. The Refolution had the fatne appointment of officers and men which Hie had in her former voyage; and the cnabliflintent of the Difcovery varied from that of the Adventure, in the fmgle intlancc of her having no ma- rine ofhcer on board. This arrangement wai to be finally completed at Plymouth; and on the 9th of July we receivecf the party of nurines allotted for our voyaf^e. And the fupernumcrary feamen,I, ami PRIVATES, on board the RESOLUTION. I Captain - . 3 LllUTENANTl I Mastxr - - I Boatswain . I Carpentik . 1 GUNNCR - - I SuRtiKON - - . 3 Master's Mates - 6 Midshipmen - - 2 Surgeon's Mate* a Captain's Clerks I Master at Arms I Corporal - - 1 Armourer - - I Ditto Mati - . I Sail Maker - . I Ditto Mate . - 3 Boatswain's Matfs 3 Carpenter's Ditto 1 Gunner's Ditto - 4 Carpenter's Crew 1 CouK .... 1 Ditto Mate - . 6 Quarter Masters 45 Able Seamen. MA - James Cook, - John Gore, Jamei King, and John Williamfon. - William Bligh. - William Ewin. - lames Clevely. - Robert Anderfon. - William Anderfon • Roberu, &c. - Hai|^ft,&c. - Samwell and Davis. - A lex. Hook and A lex. Dewer. - WilliamCollet - William Griffiths. - William Hunt. - William Price ! - William Widdel. . Willi.im Maceril, - Quif . James, and Doyle. - Barber and Macintofti. - Brown and Ramfey. - Carter, &c. - Robert Morris. - Richard Young. . Weling. Ac. RINES. I Lieutenant 1 Serjtant - 2 Corporals 1 Drummer ij Privates. Total of the Ship's Company 1 13 men. - - Molefworth Philipi. - - Samuel Gibfon. - - Lediard and Thonui. - - Michael Portnun. II. A LIST of the OFFICERS, SEAMEN, and PRIVATES, on Board the DISCOVERY. I Captain - - . - 3 Lieutenants- - - I Master . . - - I Boatswain • - • I Carpentkk - - . I Gunner - - . - 1 Suroron - - -. - 3 Master's Mates"- • 4 Midshipmen . - - 3 Surgeon's Matu I Captain's Clbrk I Master at Arms. I Corporal 1 Armourer • • • I Ditto Mate. I SailMa;:er. I Ditto Mate. 3 Boatswain's Mates. 3 Carpenter's Ditto. I Gunner's Ditto. 4 Carpenter's C'^tw, I Cook. 4 Quarter Mastcm - 33 Able Seamen. Charles Gerke. James Bumey, John Ricknuii Thoma* Edgar. Eneas Atkins. Peter Reynolds. William Peckover. lolin Law. Home and Hollingby, Alex. Mouat. Sec. Sraggs and Ellis. Grcgoiy Banthonu Dixon. Cox, &c. MARINES, I Serjeant . - - - Letant. I Corporal. I Drummer - -, - - Holly well. 8 Privates, Total of the Ship'a Company 80 men. Tothefe we mayliere add Omiah, who, as we wete to touch at the SocietV idands and Otaheitc, wu to take his paflagc in the Kcfolution, to his native country. Before COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCI' AN. ^c. 4«i e were wu to ;ountry. Before Bcfi V (he Rcfolution and Adventure quittni the fnmll but fertile iflandof Huaheine, rapuin l'\jmeaux, y^hn had the command of th? latter, agreed (o receive on board hit ihip a young man named Oinai, or Omiah, a native of Ulictca, where he wai poflelFed of fome nro- Erty, of which he had been deprived by the people of labola. Capuin Cook wondered that ca|)tain l-ur- ncaux would encumber himfelf with thii man, who in hit opir 'on, waa not a proper fampleof the inhabitiint> of thofc happy idandi, not having any advantage ol birth, or acquired rank, nor being eminent in inape, figure, or complexion i for their people of the hrit rank arc much raircr, and, ufually, better behaved, ami more inteIligeni,thanthemiddlingclaf«or|Koplr, among whom Oiniah i« to be ranked. LaptainC ook, however, lincc hit arrival in Enfjland, hai been convinced of hi* crrori for,exccpting hit complexion (which it umioubt- cdly of a deeper hue than that of the Eareet, or gentry, who live, at m other councriei, a more luxurious life, and are lefs cxpofcd to the heat of the fun) he doubicti whether any other of the nativci would have given a more seneral fatiiiktion by hit behaviour among them. •' Omiah,he obferved, haa certainly a very good undcr- ftanding, quick parti, and honctt principles ; he haa a natural good behaviour, which renders nim acceptable to the ocfl company, and a proper degree of pride, which taught him to avoid tnc fociety of pcrlons of inferior ramc. He hai paflloni of the fiimc kiiul as other young men, but hai judgment chough not to indulge them in any improper manner. I do not imagine thiit he hai any diflike to liquor, and if he had fallen into company where the perion who drank the moft, met with the mo(\ approbation, I have no doubt, hut that he vould have endeavoured to gain theapplaufe of thofc withwhom kcalTociatedi bmt, fortunately for him, he perceived that drinking wai very little in ufe but among the inferior people, and as he was very watchful into the manners and conduifl of the perfons of rank w ho honoured him with their protetiUon, he was fobcr and modelt I and I never heara that, during the whole time of his (lay in England, which was two years, he ever once was difguiled with wine, or ever lliewed an in- clination to ^o beyond the (Iridtefl rules of moderation. Soon afler his arrival in Lxindon, the Earl of Sandwich, the fird Lord of the Admiralty, introduced him to his Majedy at Kew, when he met with a mol> gracious re- ception, and imbibed the (Irongell imprclTion of duty and gratitude, which I am pcrfiiadcdhe will prefervc to thelateft moment of his lilc. During his ftay in Eng- land he was carclTcd by many of the principal nobility, and did nothing to forfeit the cltccm of any one of them I but his principal patrons were the carl of Sand- wich, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solander: the lird probably thought it a duty of his olFce to protect and counte- nance an inhabitant of that hofpitabic country, where the wants and diftrelfes of thofe in his department had been alleviated and fupplied in the moll ample manner ; the othcn, as a teftiinony of their gratitude lor the ge- nerous reception they had met with during their reli- dencc in his country. But though Omiah lived in the midd of amufements during his rcfidcncc in England, his return to his native country was always in his thoughts ; and though he was not impatient to go, now the time of his return approached, he was agitated by different pallions in turns, and left London with a mix- ture of regret and fatisfaiilion." In our voyage, when we talked about England, and about thofe, who, during his (lay had honoured him with their protcdlion and friendlbip, his fpirits were fenftbly alfedcd, and it was with difficulty he could refrain from tears. But, the inflant the converfation turned to his own idands, his eyes began to fparkle with joy. He was deeply im> prcfTod with a fcnfe of the good treatment he had met w ith in England, and entertained the highcd ideas of the country and of the people. But the pleafing proi- pedl he now had of returning home, loatkd with what he well knew would be eflecmcd invaluable treafurcs there, and the flattering hope which the polTcnion of thefe gave him, ot attaining to -a diflin^idied fupe- riority among his countr}'men, weKConfideraiions that No. 49. o|)erated by degrees, to (iipprtni every uneafy fcnfarioni and he feemed to Ik quiu (inppy when he got on board the (hip. B^ his Majollv, he wu fupplied with an ample provition of every 4rtii le whi< h, during mir in- tercourfe with hi* country, we hid oblerved to be in any cllimatinn there, cither as ufel'iil or nrnamrntal. He had, belides, received nuny prelemi of the fame nature from l>ord .Sandwich, Mr. lUnk* (now .Sir Jol'eph) and feveral other gentlemen ind ladies of hia acquaintance. In (Iiort, every method had Ixen em- ployed, both during his abtxle in Kngland, and at hii departure, to make him the inllrument of conveying to the inhabitant* of the Society Illands, and others in the I'at ilic Ocean, the moll exalted opinion of Britilh greainefs and generolity. Every preparation heinp now cnmpleated. Captain Cook received an order to proceed to Plymouth, and to take the Difcovery under his command ; In ronfcqiiencc of which, having' taken in ourgunsat the (ialleons, on the 15th of June 1766, both Ihips came to an anchor at the Nore i but our freih nrovitions being nearly ex- haulled, the Difcovery weighed next day, in obedience to Captain Cook's order, but the Kefolution remained at the Nore waiting for herCxjinmander, who was then in London. On the a4th, every thing being ready for our departure. Captain Cook fet out with Omiah frmn Ixwdon, at (ix o'clock in the morning! by eleven they reached ("hatham, and alter dining with Commiffioner Prob) , he very obligingly ordered his yacht to convey them to Shictneni, w here the ("aptain's boat was wait- ing tot.ikc them on board. On the Jfth, we made fail (or the Downs; and came to an an? hor there on Wed- ncfday the 26th. Having received our boats on the day following, we got again under fail ; and on Sunday the ;{Oih, at tluce o'clock, F. M. we anchored in Ply- mouth-found, where the Difcovery had arrived only three days Inforc. We falutcd Admiral Amherir, w hofc Hag was fl> ing on board the Ocean, and he re« turned the compliment. On the id and id of July we were employed in replacing the water and provi- (ions wc had expended, and in receiving on board a fupply of Port wine. On Saturday the 6th, his majclly'i fliips Diamond, Anabuftadc, :ind Unicorn, with a fleet of tranfports, confining of 62 fail, bound to America, with the lad divilion ot the Hcflian troops, and fom« horfe, were forced into the found. On the 8th, Captain Cook received his inftruclions, and on the loth the proper |>crfuns «:amc on lioard and paid the officers and crew up to the 30th of lad month. The petty olliccrs and feainen received alfo two months wages in advance. Such indulgence to the latter is cudomary, but the payment of what was due to the fupcrior officers, was in conlidcrationof our peculiar (ituation, to enable us to defray the cxpence of t'urnilhing our- felvcs with neccfTaries for a voyage of fuch uncom- mon duration.. As to Omiah, he appeared to be quite happy on board, nor would he go on Ihorc, though numbers of people were Irequcntly waiting there with the cxpcdU- tion of feeing him. To the account already given of this child of curiolity, we (ball add fomo traits of his character as delineated by Mr. I'oider, wherein his good qualities arc fo blended with childifhncfs and folly, that one can hardly think it applicable to the fame pcrlon. " Omai," fays Mr. Fordcr, " has been conlidcred either as ren^arkably dupid or very intelli- gent, according to the diftcrcnt allowances which were made by thijfc who judged of his abilities. His lan- guage whidi is deft itutc of every harfli confonant, and where every word ends w ith a vowel, had fo little ex- crcifed his organs of fpccch, that they were wholly un- fit to pronounce the more complicated Engliih founds; and this phylical, or rather habitual dcfed, has been too often mifconftrued. Upon his arrival in England, he was immediately introduced into general company, led to the mod fplcndid entertainments, and pre(entcd at court amidd a brilliant circle of the (ird nobility. Hp naturally imitated that eafy and elegant politcnefa which is fo prevalent in all thole places : he adopted the manners, the occupations, and amufements of hisconw- 5 1^ panmu. ;1« ■%i If i '■■' -m I ^, O -V^.S^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^ 1.0 1.25 u& 1^ 12.2 u 1^ Photographic Sciences Corporalion ^ 8^ '^cJj iV ;\ \ '4s ^ *<».'^o^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SM (716)872-4503 ■iHj iiTciy lanvjr. miiuiig inc miiantci oi nis iiiiciii- gence, I need only mention his knowledKC of the game of chefs, in which he has made an amazmg proficiency. The multiplicity of objcdls that crowdra upon hint, prevented his paying due attention to thofe particulars, which would have been beneficial to himleif and his countrymen at his return. He was not able to form a general comprehcnfivc view of our whole civilized fydem, and to abftrad from thence what appeared moil ftrikingly ufcful, and applicable to the improvement of his country. His fenies were charmed dv beauty, ^mmetry, harmony, and magnificence; theycalledaloud for gratification, and he was accuftomed to obey their voice. The continued round of enjoyments left him no time to think of his future lifet and being defiitute of the genius of a Tupia, whofe fuperior abilities would have enabled him to form a plan for his own condutfl, his underdanding remained unimproved. After having foent two years in England, his judgment was in its infant ftate; and, therefore, when he was )>reparing to return, he coveted almoft every thing he iiw, and particularly that which amufed him by (ome uncxpeded cffed. To gratify his puerile fancy, as it Ihould feem, rather than from any other motives, he was indulged with a poruble organ, an elediricai ma- chine, a coat of mail, and a fuit of armour." Such is tions, to roam he did not know where, nor for what, having no idea of improving the arts, manufadurcs, nr commerce of his country, or introducing one ultrful fcicncc among them. He carried with him, befides the articles auwve enumerated, a proilifion of almoft every thing that can be named, axes, faws, chiflels, and carpenters tools of every kind; all forts of Birmingham and Sheffield wares; guns, pifiols, cutlaflTcs, powder, and ammunition; needles, pins, fi(h-hooks, and varioua implements for fporti nets of all forts; with hand- engines, and a lathe for turning. He had likewife deaths of different colours and different fabricks, laced and plain ; fome made in the ftyle of his own country, and feveral after our manner. Some of thcfe laft he bartered with the petty officers (after he had pafll-d New Zealand) for red feathers. He was likewife fup- plied plentifully with glafs and china-wares, with beads and toys, fome of great value ; medals of various metals ; and a watch was prcfeiitcd to him by a perfaii of diffinelion: in fliort, nothino; was withheld from him that he required either for trade in his own country ,'or for curiofity. How he behaved on board, and in what manner he was received on hi> return home, will be feen in the fequel of the hiftory.of our voyage, to which we now proceed. ' hi tr. C H A P. I. Departure of the Re/olulm from Plymouth Stund—Her pafagc to Teneriffir, and rttepiionjhe met with there— the road of Santa Cruz described— Geograpbicid account of the ijknd, and bifiory of the cities of Santa Cruz and Lagana-^ Air. climate, agriculture, produce, commerce, and inhabitants drfcribed--Her departure from Teneriffe for the Cape of Good Hope— —The Difcovery fotlmvs, and joins company fome time after her arrival there — The Refolu- tion in danger near the funken rocks of Bonavijia— Arrives at the Cape of Good Hope— 'Tranfaff ions there —An account of Mr. Andetfon's journey up the country — Both fhips leave the Cape, and proceed on their voyage t» the foutbward. k n .x-A T^ ^^^ morning of the nth of July, A. u. 1770. ^ CaptainCook delivered into the hands of Mr. Bumey, firff lieutenant of the Difcovery, Cap- tain Clerk's failing orders ; a copy of which he alfo left with the commanding officer of his majeffy's ffiips at Plymouth, to be delivered to the Captain on his arrival. In the afternoon we weighed with the ebb, and got out beyond all the fliipping in the found. On Friday the 1 2th, the impatience of the fhip's company, and the notion rhey had enreruined of its being a lucky- day, as it was the (ame the Rcfolution had fet fail on in her former voyage, induced Captain Cook to comply with their importunities. Accordingly, at eight o'clock, P. M. we ftood out of the found, with Omiah on board, having a gentle breeze at N. W. by W. Captain Clerk was ordered to follow us with the Difcovery, to St. Jago, one of the Cape de Verd Iflands, and if he ihould there mils of us to purfue his courfe diredUy for the Cape of Good Hope. Soon after we came out of the found, the wind came more wefterly, and blew frefli, which obliged us to ply down the channel ; and we were not off' the Lizard till Sunday the 14th, in the evening. On Tuefday the i6th, we obfcrved in lati- tude 49 deg. 53 min. 30 fee. N. St. Agnes's Light- houfe bearing at this time N. W. by W. diftant about eight miles, and, by our reckoning, fituated in 4a deg. 57 min. 30 fee. N. and in 6 deg. ao min. W. longi- tude. Cnir readers will be pleafcd here to obferve, that, in this voyage, we reckon our longitude from the meridian of Greenwich, and after paHiiu; to the eaft in the South Atlantic, it is carried on eairerly beyond the Great Meridian, or 1 80th degree, to the utmoit ex- tent of the voyage, and back again to the fame meri- dian. On the 1 7th our commander benn his judici- ous operations JTor prcferving the health of hit Cfcw; for this day the fpare fails were well aired, and the (hip was fmoked between decks with gunpowder. («i Thuifday the 18th, we were abreaft of Ulhant, and, by the watch, found the longitude of the ifland to be 5 deg. 18 min. 37 fee. W.' On the 19th, we ftood weftward till eight o'clock, A. M. when the wind fhifted ; upon uiiich we tacked and ftrctchcd tgjbc fouthward. Soon after we came in fieht of nine fail of large (hips, which we fuppofcd to be French men of war. On Monday the 22nd, we obfcrved in lati- tude 44 deg. 6 min. N. longitude 8 deg. 23 min. W. when Cipe Ortegal, then in view, bore S. E. half S. diftant four leagues. We had calm weather till the afternoon of the 24th, when we palTed Cape Finlfterre, with a fine gale at N. N. E. By the watch, and the mean of 41 lunar obfervations, we found the longitude of this cape to be 9 deg. 19 min. 12 fee. On Tuefday the 30th, finding we wanted a fupply of hay and corn, for the fubfiflcnce of our live ftock o(^animalson board, Capuin Cook determined to touch at Teneriffe, in order to procure thpfe neceffaries, as well as the ufual refreftimentt forourfi^lves. On the 31ft, at four o'clock P. M. we (kw Teneriffe, made for the eaftcm part of it, and during the night ftood off and on. Thurfday the ift of Auguft, early in the morning, we proceeded round the eaft point of the iffand, to the S. E. fide, and, about eight o'clock, anchored in the road of Santa Cruz, in 21 fathoms water. We moored N. E. and S. W. near naif a mile from the ftiore; in which pofition Punta de Nago bore N. 64 deg. E. The church of St. Francis, which has a remarkable high fteeple, W. S. W. the Pic, S. 6j deg. W. and the S. W. point rf the road, on which (lands a cafllc, S. 39 deg. W. In this road were riding one French frigAte, two French brigantines, an Engiifh one, and 14 fail of the Spanifli nation. We had no fooner an- chored than we received a vifit from the mafter of the port, who only a(ked the (hip's name: and upon his retiring, CipuinCook fent an officer afliore, to requcft his permiflion, that we might take in water, and pur- chat^ other necefliiry articles. This he politely grant- ed. bclidcs niciii iiie LvpiHiii uii ■■■■ i»iii»«i t wii", I" iiiv ■■»• iiuuii, waited upon the governor in perfon, accompanied by fome of hit officenj and, before he returned, befpoke fome com and ftraw, ordered a quantity of wine, and niaJe an agreement for a fupply of water, with a Spanifh'boat. The principal road of Teneriffe is this of Santa CniZ, on account of iu capacity, and the goodncfs of in bottoms It lies beforethe town of the fame name. Great care i* obferved in mooring (hips, as the road lies entirely open to the S. E. and S. winds. We ob> fcrved, that all thofe veflels which lay here at this time, had four anchors out, and their cables were buoyed up with caflcs. By not attending to this laft particular, we found ours had fufiered a little. The water to fupply the (hipping, and for the ufe of the inhabitants of Santa Cruz is derived from a rivu'.et that runs from the hills, which is conveyed into the town in wooden troughs. As thefe troughs were at this time repairing, fre(h water was extremely fcarce. For the convenience of loading and landing goods, at the S. W. part of the road, a (tone pier is run out from the town into the fca. It might be naturally concluded, from the appearance of the country about Santa Cruz, that Tenerine is a barren fpot : but the following ac- count of this ifland will prove the contrary : and fqr the entertainment of the curious part of our readers, we (hall prefent them with a relation of a journey up the Pike of Teneritfe, including a brief account of the weather and produce of the ifland. The iiland of Teneriffe was antiently called Nivaria, from the fnow that inclofes the neck of the Pike of Teyda, like acolbu-| the name of Tenerifte, or the White Mountain, being given it by the natives of Palma, in whofe language Tencr (ignifies fnow, and i(fe, white ; the fummit of the Pike of Teneriffe being always covered with fnow. Point Nago, or Anaga, which is the N. E. point of Teneriffe, bears N. W. about 1 6 leagues diftant from the N. W. part of Canaria ; but from that part of Canaria to the neareft irt of Teneriffe, the diffance docs not exceed 12 leagues. This ifland is nearly triangular, the three (ides being almoin equal, and each about 36 miles long. In the center is the famous Pike of Teneriffe, faid to be the higheff mountain in the univerfe, and ftrikcs the fpec- utors with amazement, both near and at a diffance. This great mountain extends its bafe to Garrachino, from whence it is two days and a half's journey to the top I but we (hall fpeak more particularly of this in the fequel. In coming in with Teneriffe, in clear weather, the Pike may be eafily difcemcd at 120 miles, or 40 leagues diffance; and in failing from it, at the diffance of 1 50 miles, or 50 leagues, when it rcfemblcs a thin blue vapour, or fmoke, very little darker than the (ky. Before we lofe fight of this towering mountain, it feems a confiderable height above the firmament, though from its diliance, and ue fpherical figure of the earth, the red of the ifland is funk beneath the horizon, notwith- ftanding its being exceedingly high. There are feverat Mgh perpendicular rocks near PuntodeKago; and on the fouth-eaft fide of the ifland, is the harbour of Santa Cruz, the moft frequented part in the Canaiy iflands. The bed road for (hips is about a mile to the north- ward: between the middle of the town and fort, or caffle, (hips may lie fecure from all winds, though the bay is expofed to thofe which blow from the N. E. coaAsand S. E. yet thefe winds do not blow fo hard as to caufe any confiderable damage above once in the (pace of four or five years. However, we learn from Glafs, that fome years ago, mod of the (hipping in the' road were.driven on (here by one of thefe gues. Some Englifh (hips were then in the harbour; but the crews Itrudently cutting away their mads, rode out the dorih. n the middle of the town, for the convenience of land- ing, is a mole, built at Vaft cxpence. It runs up to the nofthward, and the outermod part turha towards the (iiore. However, in mild weather, goods are landed at A creek anionic the ibcks^tt the dilfauice of aftonc's cad ■luuiE. «ii UK wajr iruni iiic nioic inio inc town, mere js afquare fort on the left hand, named St. Philip's; this is the principal one in the bay. To the northward of it are (bme forts and batteries mounted with guhs, the rnod confideniblelof which is named Palfo Alto. i Near it is a deep rocky valley, which begins at the te» (hore, and runs a great way within land. Theie are fcveral batteries at rhe Couth end of the town, and be- yond them, clofc to the (hore, isia fort called St. Juan. Ail there forts are mounted with cannon, and joineid to< gether by a thick done wall, which begins near the above rocky valley, and Continues with little interrup- tion, to fort St. Juan. This Wall is within only bread high, but it is higher on the outlkle facing the (ca, and from thence to the fouthward ; the (hore being na- turally fenced with rocks, is generally inaccelTiblc. Santa Cruz is a laix^ town, and contains fevcral churches, three convents of friars, an hofpital , and the bed condruded private buildings of any to be found in the Canary iflanda. It is indeed the capital of them all, for though the epifcopal fee and courts of judica- ture are in the city of Palmas, in Canaria, the governor- general of the iflands always refides in Santa Cruz, where a great concourle of foreigners continually refort, on account of its beii^ the center of the trade between the Canary iflands with Europe and America. The number of^ inhabitants are fuppofed to amount to about five or fix thoufand. The wa"ter drank by them is con- veyed into the town in open woodeh troughs, from a fpring beyond the above mentioned valley, and there are pits of water, which ferve for other purpofcs, in. many houfes. Near 12 miles to the fouthward of Santa Cruz, and clofc to the fea, there is a cave, with a chilrch, or chapel, called our Lady of Candelaria, in which is a little image of the Virgin Mary, about three feet high, holding a green candle in one hand,aiid in the other an infant Jefus, who has a gilt bird in each hand. This chapel received its name 6f Candelaria, from its being pretended, that on the eve of the purification of the Holy Virgin, a great number of lights are condantly feen going in proceflion round the cave, in which the image is placed: and they aflert, that in the morning drops of wax are fcattered about the fea fliore. This image is held in the highed veneration, on account of the many miracles it is faid to have performed, and her chapel is adorned with fo many ornaments, that it is the riched place in all the feven iflands. At a cer- tain feafon of the year, mod of the inhabitants of the ifland go thither in pilgrimage, when troops of young girls march finging, in an agreeable manner, thepraifes of the Virgin, and the miraculous deeds the image it faid to have performed. North-wedward of the ifland is the bay of Adcxe, or, as it is pronounced, Adehe, where large (hips may anchor. On the N. W. fide is a haven called Garra- chica, once the bed port in the ifland ; but it was de- droyed, in 1704, which the natives call the year of the earthquakes, and filled up by the rivers of burning lava that flowed into it from a volcano; (b that houfes are now built where (hips formeriy lay at anchor; yet velFels come there in the fummer lealon. The Earth- quake began on the 24th of December; and in the Ipace of three hours 29 (hocks were felt. After this they became fo violent as to caufe all the houfes to Ihake, and oblige the inhabitants to abandon them. The con- dernation became univerfal, and the people, with the bifliop at their head, made proceflicns and public prayers in the open fields. On the 31 d a great lighc was obferved op Manja, towards the White Nfountains, where the earth opening, two volcanoes were formed, that threw up fucn heaps of dones, as to raife two con- fiderable mountains; and the combudible matter con- unually thrown up, kindled in the neighbourhood above jO fires. Things remained in this fituation till ihc 5th of January, and then the fun was totally obfcured with clouds of fmoke and flame, which continually incivafl jng, augmented the condernation and terror of the in* habitants. Before night, the whole country, for nine miles round, was in (tames by the flowing of the liquid fire, i. -I iiif 1' »« li I H ■i il i ■■K 'f' ' 'i i thirty diifcrentVcncs within the compafs ot halt a miic. , The horror of this fcene wai greatly increafed by the violence of the (hocks, which never once mtermitted, but by their fbfce entirely overthrew fevcral houfes.and ittook others to their very foundations: while the Wretched inhabitants were again driven defencelefs and difmayed into the open fields, where they every nxi- ment cjcpcAed to be IVallowed up by fome new gulf, lite nolle of the volcano was heard at fea at so leagues diftance, where the fea (hook with fuch violence as alarmed the mariners, who at firft thought the (hip had flnick upon the rock. Mean while a torrent of (bU phur, and melted ores of different kinds, rufhed from this lad volcano towards Guimar, where the houfes and public buildings were thrown down by the violence of the accompanying Ihocks. On the and of February another volcano broke out even in the town of Guimaf, which fwallowed up a large church. Thus from the •C4th of December to the 23d of February, the people were conftantly alarmed by continual (hocks of earth- quakes, and the terrible volcanoes that burft forth in diftcrent parts. Ihc town of Garrachica, is (lill pretty large, and contains feveral churches, and convents of botli fcxes. It has a fmall trade for brandy and wine, which are ufually fentfrom thence in barks, or large open boats, to Santa Cruz, or Port Orotava. Strong ami durable (hips are alfo built there, (bme of which are upwards of three hundred tons burthen. Six miles to the eaftward of this place (tands the tow-n of Port Orotava, which is a good harbour in the fummcr fcafon, but in the winter, (hips are often obliged to (lip their cables and put to fea, for fear of being fiirprized with a N. W. wind, whith throws in a heavy lea upon this coad. This is a place Af confiderable trade, it having flourifhed greatly (ince . the deftrudion of the harbour of Garrachica. It contains two churches, two convents of friars, two of nuns, and (bme good private buildings. At each end of the town is a olack fandy bay; and along the nor- thernmoft a low (lone wall, built to prevent the landing , of an ertemy : at the other bay is a fmall caftle, or fort, for the fame purpofe, and at the landing place between them is a batterv of a few cannon : but the furf that eontinually breaks upon the (hore is the bed defence of this port. About three miles from hence within land is la Villa dc Orotava, which is a large town, and con- tains feveral churches, and convents, with a number , Qf (lately (lone buildings belonging to private perfons. ' A rivulet which runs tnrough the midrt of it, refrelhes their gardens and orchards, and fupplies the inhabitants with water. . The city of St. Chriftobal de la Lagona, that is, St. Chriflopher of the lake, extends four miles within land from Santa Cruz. The road to it from the above town is a pretty deep alcent, till within a fmali ditlance of the city, which is feated in the comer of a plain, about four miles in lengthy and a mile in breadth. This city is the capital of the idand, and contains two pari(h " churches, three convents of friars, two of nuns; and - three hofpitals; two of which are for the venereal dif- eafe, and the other for foundlings. The iefuits have alfi) a houfe here, and, belides thefc public drudures, there arc many handfonnc private buildings. The water drank by the inhabitants isconveyed in troughs to thecity,from the mountains fituated to the fouthward of the pUin. In this cit/ there is not the lead (hew of bufinefs, it being chiefly inhabited by the gentry of the idand, par- ticularly the officers of judice, with the judge of the Indies, w ho prefides in the India-Houfe, where all affsiin eclating to the Wed-India commerce arc conduded. Here is likewife an office of inquifition fubjed to the tribunal of the holy office of Grand Canaria 1 yet the city appears to a drangcr as if defolate and uninhabited ; for feidomany one can be feen in the dreets, and grafs grows in the mod frequented places. " There is a la- guna> or Jake, behind the city, about half a mile in cir. i tumffirencc, from which the city takes its name. It is - dry infutiuner, but in winter it full of dagnant vateri in an katons txpoicd ro iM mna. — iiieiiMUueiLi'iius, from the wedern extremity of this plain, to La Mon- tanza de Centcjo, a large village in the midway between Santa Cruz and Port Orotava. chiefly inhabited by pca- fants and labouring people. Some of the towns are dtuatedat no great didance from the fea, from whence mod of them may be fcen > and, indeed, there are no habitations at a greater didance from each other than nine miles. A large town, called Realojo, is fituated in the wedern border, and La Rambla on the eadem. The towns of Orotava, and Port Orotava, dood between them, with a numbed of detached inhabitants, fcattercd> about from the fea (hore upwards to the clouds, in, or beyond which, rflere are no houfes 1 yet the clouds are not higher than the middle didance between the fea and the fummit of the pike. The whole ifland continues to rife on all (idea from the fea till it terminates in the pike, which, as we have obferved, is in the center. The north fide is the mod fertile, and afcends more gradually than the other, par- ticularly a fpace along tne (hore about three leagues broad, bounded on the (ides by high mounuins or ra-> therclids; but it rifes upwards from the fea, like a hanging garden, till you come within 3 miles of the clouds, without any confiderable intervention of hills and valleys. All the fertile ground, within a league of the fea, is covered with vines ; com grows in the next league; and in the third, (ome corn, woods of che(^ nuts, and many other diflerent forts of trees. Above thefe woods arc the clouds, which, in fine weather, gene- rally defccnd gradually towards the evening, and reft upon thefe woods till the morning, when they re- aicend about a league, and there remain till the fuc- ceeding evening. There arc feveral other towns, and many fmall villages befides the towns already men- tioned. This ifland is fo populous, that, when the laft account was taken, it contained no lefs than 06,009 perfons, and is fuppofed to contain as many fouls as all the red of the inhabited iflands. The city of Laguna, which dands near a lake, about nine miles from the fea, is the principal place in Tene- rifl^e: it is called by the Spaniards St. Cnriftoval de la Laguna, and is handfomely built, having two pari(h churches, and a palace for the governor, who rcfides here. The aldermen of this city pay a price to the king to ferve their offices of magidrates; but this gives them great power over the inhabiunts, who are divided into three clafles, namely, gentlemen, merchant*, and huibandmcn, or as they are temied by the natives, idle- men, bufy men, and labouring men. The land on each fide of the road, leading to Ijiguna, is, in general, rocky, but fome fpots of corn-land are interfpcr^d here and there, and terminated by fmall vineyards an the fides of die mountains. This city prefcnts the be-i holder with an agreeable ptofycA, as it dands on the fide of a hill, and dretches its (kirts on the plain be- hind: it is large, compad, and populous: the houfes, though not uniform, have a pleafiint appearance 1 be- fides the governor's houfe, and the two pari(h churches, here are two nunneries, tour convents, an hofpital, and fome chapels, befides many gentlemcns houfes. The convents are thofe of St. Francis, St. Augudine, St. Dominic, and St. Diego. The churches have pretty high fquare deeplcs, which top the red of the build- ings. The dreets are not regular, yet they arc for the mod part fpacious, and near the middle of the town is a large parade, which has good buildings about it. There is a drong prifon on one fide of it, near Which is a large conduit of good water that fupplies all the town. The inhabitants have many gardens that are fee round with orange, lime, and other frait trees, in the middle of which are flowers, falladingi &c. and indeed, if the people were curious this way, th«r mig)\t have very plcafant gardens: for the town dands high from the fea, on the brow of a plain that is all <^n to thjc ead, and has confequently the benefit of the trade #ind« whiirh blows here, and is commonly fair( fo that there are feldom wanting, at this town, idA -tl^e day, briflt* cooling, in, or like a Ull m mi liUe Hi i»MM IrtilV Waicfi but. tieing ftag- mnt, it lis only ufed ft>rcMtl«: lit is about haifamilc in ':ircuntferencc. The antient inhitbitant:? oF Y«neriffe were called Cuanchcs, btit their origin is uut ctrtninly known: they were, and the remaindeir ot ther.) fliil are without li- teraturei but their ianguagc, which ftiil remains among the remnant of them, bears (btne Affinity to that of the Moors in Barbury ; it was formerly very guttural, and entirely dift'<^nt from that ufed in the other iflands. They were of good ftature, well made, and had toler- able complexions, but thofc who dwelt on the north fide of the ifland were much fairer, and had lighter hair than thofc in the South. Thefe people had fome notion of a deity, and held, that there is a fupreme power, which they dilUhguiihed by the names of Ach- guarergenan, Achoran. and Achaman, which fignify the fulTainer of the heavens and the earth. They alfo gave the titles of the great, thcfublime, the maintainer of all : but they did not worftiip idols, nOr had any ima- ges of the deity. They believed that God created them of earth and water, and made as many men as women, giving them cattle, and every thing nccelTiry for their (ubfiuence ; but that afterwards there appearing to him too few, he created more; but to thefe la(l gave nothing; and when they prayed to him for flocks of Iheep, and herds of goats, he bid them go and ferve the others, who, in return, would give them food. From thefe, they faid.werc defcended their fervants. They had fonic idea of the immortality of the foul, by fuppofing the exigence of places for future rewards and pimifhrncnts. In particular, they fuppofedthe Pike of Teneriffe to contain hell in its bowels, which they termed Echeydat and gave the name of Guayotta to the devil. In Tenerifie, the weather ii the fame as in Grand Canaria ; but the (ea-breeze ^erally fets in at about about ten o'clock in the morning, on the E. and N> E. fides of the ifland, and blows till about five of fix in the evening, when it fiills calm till midnight. The lahd wind men begins, and continues till feven or eight in the rooming, wnen it is followed by a calm, which lafts till the Tea breeze returns. In the bay of Santa Cruz, and on all die E. fide of the ifland, the fea breeze cominoiily blows K £. and the land wind at W. On theN. fide, the fea breeze blows at N. E. by £. orN. E. and the land wind diredUy oppoihe to it; but there is no land wind at Point Nago, where the land itrctches towards the N. E. far into the fea. At the brow of the hill above Santa Cruz, and at the city of Laguna, a frefli gate blows from the N. W. all the time of the fea breeze, which is occaiioncd by the mountains almoft cncompaiiing the plain. Thele bdng fo exceedingly high on the S. fide of it, as to bcflt back the fea breeze, and throw it againll the mountains that bound the N. fide of the plain, where finding no paiTage, it veers to the S. E. and there meeting with no reuftance, forces its way with great vehemence through the plain; till coming to the brow of the above mentioned hill, part of the current of air pours down it towards Santa Cruz, advancing within a mile and a half of the fea, where the true tea breeze checks it ; yet there is no regular fea or land breezy, on the S. W. coaft, which is fliel- lered from the trade or north-cafVerly wind by the irn- menfe height of the pike, which towers above the region of the wind: hence on that fide of the ifland, there is either an eddy wind at S. W. or a calm. This ifland produces nearly the fame vegeubles as that of Canaria, only there arc more vine>yards, and tela corn-land. Itie wines are flroi^, good, and very fit for exportation, efpecially into hot climates, by which they are generally greatly improved. Formerly a lar« quantity of Canary fack was made here, which the French call Vin de Malvcfie, and we, corruptly, after them, name Malmfey, from Malvefia, a town in the Morca, famous for fuch lufcious wine. In the laft cen- tiiry. and ftill later, aiuch of this was imported into No. so. which when about two or three years old, can hardly be diftinguifticd from Madeira; but after four years of age it bccoitiesfofwect and mellow iiito refemblethe wine of Malaga in Spain, this, like all the other C«- n,\ry idands, aflbrds orchilla Weed ih great plenty; The dragon tree, aloe, and pine, are natives ol^Tcne- riffc. The apricot, peachy and pear-trees, bear twice annually. The prcgnada, lemoh, and lignar w ood, are found here, as arc the cottort-flirub ahd Coloquintida. The rofc blows at Chriftnuks : the carnations are large and fine, but tulips will not thrive:. The rocks alxMind with famphire, the tncadows are covered with cjover^ and the beach produces a broad leaved grifj. About fourfcbrc Cars of wlieit fpring fhmi one rdot, the graint of which areas tranfparent as thcpurefl yellow amber* and in a good fcafon one bufltel will produce a hundr<^ fold: the barley and maize are not inferior to the wheat. With refpeft to the animals, hert ahf plenty of rab- bets, hogs, wild ^ats, &C. Quails dnd partridges ari larger than thofe ih England, and extremely handfottie; Wood-pigeons, turtles, And crowsj abound in the fpHng. Several forts of wild fowls refort hither in the winter fcafon, aflbrding plenty of game to the inhabitants of Laguna. The falcOns, or rather (irong large hawks, w hich hover over the lake bf Laguna, are thus de- fcribed by a gentleman who lately travelled to thefe iflands: "I cannot forbear mentioning thb hk^ard fal- cons that foar every evening about this lake, n is very good divctfion to fee the negroes fight them with flingsj for they often ftoop. feveral at d time; and befides* they are the beft mettled hawks in the the world, being of a larger kiild than the Barbary falcon. The viceroy being one evening to fee the fport, on the author's com* mending their flrength and mettle, aflured him upon his honour, that a falcon bred in that ifliHd, which he had formerly fent to the duke of Latttla, did at one flight, (unlefs ftie refted on any (hip by the way) paf* from Andalufia to TeneriflTe, which is two hundred an4 fifty Spanifli leagues, and was uken up half dead, hav- ing (Jn the yaflcis and bells belonging to the duke." In this ifland fifties are found in great quantitiei!^ particularly dolphins, Iharks, meros, lobflers, muffels* periwinkles, the calcas, (which is deemed the beft flielU fifli in the univerfe) and the cherna, that exceeds in re- lifti any we have in England : here is alfo another fifh which IS called art eel. though with little propriety, for it has feven tails of a fpHnloiK jollied to one body and one head, which are nearly of the fame length. Silk worms thrive exceedingly; and I ees profpcr in the rocks and tnountains. To this accouiit we fliall add the fbl- lowing remarks Of the ingenious Mr. Anderfon, (oneo^ our fliip's company, and of whom wc have already mad« mention) on the natural Appearances of Tenerifle, and its produdions; as what he obferved himfelf, or learnt by information, about the general ftate of the ifland, may beof ufc; feeing our readers may hereby bii ena- bled to mark fome changes that have happened there flncethe publication of the above geographical obfer-^ vations, which are chiefly extladed from Mn Millar's defenxcUy murb admired New and UniVirsal System af GEOGRAPHY. The foUowing are Mr. Anderfon's own words, and narration. " While we were ftanding in for the land, the weather being perfedtly clear, We had an opportunity of feeing the celebrated Pike of Teneriffe: but I own, I was much difappointed in my expe<%ition with refpeft to iu appearance. It is, ceminly. far fiotn equalling thtt noble figure of Pico, one of the weftem ifles which I have feenj though itt perpendicular hnght may be E rater. This circumftance, perhaps, arifes from its ing furrounded by other very high hills j whereait Pico ftands without a rival. " Behind the city of Santa CJftia, the country rifeS gradually, artd is of a moderate height. Beyond thit to the fouth weft ward, it becomes highet, and continuet to rife toward the Pic, which, from tiie road, appears i^ but ii \W m \m 1 • 1^. I rl A ^', 1 ',rl k i i 4to Capt. COOK '8 VoVaOES COMPLETE. t ■ i ii'-'s li but little higher than the rtirroundins hilU. From thenc indeed, pretty cxteBftve, but 3 fcarcety deferves to be dignified with the name of city. •• The difpofition of its f>reet« is very irregular; yet fome of them ait of a tolerable breadth, and have fome good houfei. In general, however, taguna is inferior in appearance to Sanu Cruz, though the latter, if com- pared with the former, is but fm&IT. The road leading from Santa Cruz to Laguna runs up a fteep hill, whicn is very barren ; but lower down, we faw fome fig-trees, and feveral corn-fields. Thefe laft are but fmall, and not thrown into ridges, as is pra(fticed in England. Nor does it appear that they can raife any com here without great labour, as the grt)und is fo encumbered with ftones, that they are obliged to colled and lay them in broad rows, or walls, at fmall dillances. The large bills that run to the S. W. appeared to be pretty well furnifhed with trees. Nothing elfc worthy of notice prefented itfelf during this cxcurfion, -except a few aloe plants in Hower, near the lide of the road, and the chearfulnefs of our guides, who amufed us with fongs by the way. Moft of the laborious work in this ifland is performed by mules, horfes being to ap- pearance fcarce, and chiefly refervcd for the ufeofthe- officers. They are of a ffiiall fizc, but well fhaiicd anil fpirited. Oxen are alfo employed to drag their calks along upon a clumfy piece of wood ; and they arc yoked by the head, though it doth not fcem. that this has any peculiar advantage over our method of fixing the harncfs on the fliouldcrs. In my walks and cxcui lions I faw fomc hawks, parrots, the tern or fea- fwailow, fea-guUs, partridges, wagtails, fwallows; m.-irtins, blackbirds, and canary-birds in large flocks. There arc alfo lizards of the common, and another fort; fome infedls and locufls ; and three or four forti of dragon Hies. " I had an opportunity of converfing with a fenfible and well informed gentleman refiding here, and whofe veracity I have not the leall reafon to doubt. From: him I learnt fome particulars, which during the fhort ftay of three days, did not fall within my own obferva- tion. He informed me, that a fhrub is common here, agreeing exadly with the defcription given by Tourne- fort and Linnaeus, of the tea fhrub, as growing in China and Japan. It is reckoned a weed, and he toots out thoufands of them every yearifnmi his vineyards. The Spaniards, however, of the ifland, fometimes ufe it as tea, and afcribe to it all the qualities of that im- ported from China. They alfo give it the luune of tea ; but what is remarkable, they fiy it was found hero when the ifland was firft difcovered. Another bota- nical curiofity, mentioned by him, is what they call Pregnada, or impregnated lemoa. It is a pcrfed and diftmift lemon^ inclofed within another, diAerii^ froi» the outer one only in being a little more globular. The leaves of the tree that prmluces this fort, are much longer than thofe of the common one ; and it was re- prefentcd to me as being crooked, and not equal in beauty. From him I Icamt alfo, that a certain fort of grape growing here, is reckoned an excellent remedy inphthifical complainU! and the air and climate, in general, are remarkably healthful, and particularly adapted to give relief in fuch difeafes. This he en- deavoured to account for, by its being always in our power to procure a different temperature of the air, by refiding at dilfcrcnt heights in the ifland; and he ex- prefTetl his furprize, that the Englifli phyficians fliould never have thought of fending their confumptive pa- tients to Tenerifte, inflead of Nice or Lilbon. How much the temperature of the air varies here, I myfelf could fcnfibly perceive, only in riding from Santa Crua up to Laguna ; and you may afcend till the cold be- comes intolerable. I am afliired no perfon can livs comfortably within a mile of the perpendicular height of the Pic, after the month of Auguft. This agrees with Dr. Heberden's account, who fays, that the fugar. loaf part of the nvunuin. Or la pcricofa (as it is called) which is an eighth part of a league, (or 1980 feet) to the top, is covered with fnow the grcateft pan of the year. " Their trade muft be fuppoTed vvy confiderafale indipd ; COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYA0E~To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 411 confiderable imieedt for they reckon th«4d/»oiJipeiof wine are annually made; the greatcft part of which » cither confumed in the ifland, or tnade into brandy, and tent to the Spaniih Weft Indies, About 6000 pipe* were exported every year to North America, while the trade with it was uninterrupted 1 at prefcnt it is thought not half the quantity." Our readers will here p'eafe to obfcrve, that in the foregoing accouw given by Mr. Millar, in his New Syftem of Geography, the mimbcr of inhabitants in Tcnerifte are computed at no Itfs than 96,00a Now we may reafonably fuppofe, that tlitrc nas been a confldenble increafe of population withirj thefc 30 years. Th*- quantity of wine annually con- fumed, as the common beverage of at Icaft 100,000 perfons, muft amount to feveral thoufand pipes. There muft be a vaft expenditure of it, by convcrilon into brandy ; to produce ne pipe of which, five or lix pipes of wine inuft be diUillcd. An attention to thefe par- ticulars will enable every r.ic to judge, that the account given by Mr. Anderfon o. the annual produce of pipes of wine has a foundation in truth.— —This gentleman goes on to obferve, " That they make little filkj and, unlefswc reckon the filtering ftones, brought in great numbers from Grand Canary, the wine is the only confiderable article of the foreign conunerce ot Tc- ncriffc. .. , , ^ 1. " None of the race of the family.of the Guanches, or antient inhabitants, found here when the Spaniards dif- covered the Canaries, now remain a diftind people, having intermarried with the Spanilh fettlers 1 but their dcfcendants arc known, from their being remarkably tall, large boned, and ftrong. The men-are, in general, of a tawny colour, and the women have a pale com- plexion, entirely deftitutc of that bloom which dif- tinguiftics our northern beauties. The Spanifli cuftom of wearing black clothes continues among them ; but the men fcem more indifferent about this, and in fomc meafure drefs like the French. In other rcfpefts, we found the inhabitantt of Tencriffc to be a decent and very civil people, retaining that grave caft which dif- tinguiflies thofe of their country from other European nations. Although, concludes Mr. Anderfon, we do not think, that there is a great fimilarity between our manners and thofe of the vSpaniards, it is worth obferv- ingi that Omiah did not think there was much dif- fcrence. He only faid, that they feemcd not fo friendly as the Englifh; and that, in their perfons, they ap- proached thofe of his countrymen." Wc (hall now, as propofed, proceed to the relation of a journey up the Pike of Tcneriffc, undertaken and performed by Mr. Glafs, author of that valuable work, entitled, the Hiftofy of the Canary Iflands. This gen- tleman begins his narrative with informing us, that, «' Early in the month of September 1761, at about four in the afternoon,, he f?t out on horfeback, in company with the maftcr of a fliip to vifit the Pike. They had with them a fervant, a muleteer, and a guide ; and, after afccnding above fix miles, arrived towards fun fet at the mod diftant habitation from the fea, which is in a hollow : here finding an . aqucdud of open troughs that convey water down from the head of the hollow, their fervants watered the cattle, and filled fome fmali barrels to ferve them in their expedition. ** The gentlemen here alighted, and walking into the hollow, found it very pleaiant, as it abounded with many trees of an odoriferous fmell; and fome fields of maizor Indian com are near thehoufes. On their mounting again, they travelled for fome time up a fteep road, and reame- timcs to walk w-ncrc the road was too (tcep for riding. The whole diltance they rode in the five hours Tpent m coming dow n from the Englifli pitching-place to Ore . tava, tney computed to be about I J EngUfli miles, tra- velling at the rate of three miles an hour- "Ourauthorfuppoltt, the perpendicular height of I the Englilh pitchingplace to be about four Knglifli miles, and adding to that a mile of a pcrpcndiciiUr height from thence to the pike, obTerres, that ihe whole will be about five Enelifh miles, and that he is very certain he cannot be milnken in this calculation above a mile either way." But Mr. GlaTs may here probably be miltaken, owing perhaps to his not uTing any inftru- ments proper Tor aTcertaining the exad altitude oT this mounuin, which is much higher than either the Alps, or the highelt part of the Andes, according to this cal- culation. Dr. T. Heberden makes its height^ above the level of the Tea, to be 15.396 Englifh Teet; and Tays, that this was confirmed by two TubTequent obTer- vations by himTelf, and another made by Mr! CrolTe, the ConTul. The Chevalier de Borda, commander of the French Trigate, now lying with the RcTolution in the road of Santa Cruz, was employed, in conjundiun with Mr. Varila, a Spanifli gentleman, in making altro- nomical obTcrvations for aTcertaining the going of two time-keepers which they had on board their (hip. The chevalier meaTured the height of the pike, but makes it to be only 1931 French toiTes,or 12,340 Englifli feet. If our readers are dcfirous of more particulars refpcd;- ing the above Tubjedts, they may find them in Sprat's Hiltory of the Royal Society, p. aoo, &c. Hiftory of the Canary illands by Glafs, p. 252, &c. Philofophicai TranTadions, vol. XLVII. p. 3S3,&c. and Dr. ForT- ter's ObTervations during a voyage round the worl4, p. 32.— Proceed we now to the hi(tory of our voyage. On Sunday, the 4th of Auau(t, having UK(;n oa boaid our water, and other necefniry articles, we weighed anchor, and Tailed from the ifland of Tenoriffe with a fine fre(h gale at N. E. between this day and the tenth, our experienced Commander difcovcred his uTual at- tention and parental care, relpefting both the diTcipline, andhcalthoiour company; for in this interv.il the mari.. ners were exercifed at the great guns and Tmall arms, and the Refolutian was twice Tmodked and cleanTcd bis* rween decks. On Saturday the loth, at nine o'clock P. M. we deTcried the idand of fionavi(ta, bearing S. diltant one league ; at which time we thought ourfeTvea to have been much farther olT. We too Toon were made fen(ibleof our miftake; for after hauling to theeaftward, to clear the Tuiiken rocks that lie near the S. £. point of the ifland, we found ourfdves cloTc upon them, and barely weathered the breakers. Our fituation was, for a few minuKs, To very critical and alarming, that, cap- tain Cook would not permit us to Tound, as by fo doing we might have increafcd the danger, without any poflU bility of lelfening it. Having cleared the rocks, wc held on a S. S. W. courTe till day break on the iitb. when we (teered between Bonaviua and Mayo, to the weftward, with the view of looking into Port Prayii Tor the DiTcovery, as captain Clerke had been inTormed of our intention to touch at that pon:, and we knew not how Toon he might follow us. At one o'clock P. M. we came in fight of the rocks S. W. of Bonavifla, bear- ing S. E. dilnint three leagues; and on Monday the 1 2th, at fix o^lock, A. M. the ide of Mayo bore S. S. E. diltant five leagues. We now founded, and found ground at 60 fathoms. At eleven one extreme of Mayo bore E. by N. and the other S. E. by S. In this (tation two globular hills appeared near its N. E. patt; farther on, a large and higher hill; and about two thirds of its length, a fingle one that is peaked. We were now at the diltancc ot three or four miles froip this ifland, at which we iaw not the leaft appearance of vegetation; nor did any other obj&ft prefcnt itfclf to purview, but that Itfelefs brown, fo common in un- wooded countriin uiider the torrid zone. During our cpntinii'ailcc am6ng the Cape de Verde illands, we had gentle breezes of wind, varying from the S. E. to E. and fomd calms; (tt>m whence we may conclude, thaf they itre either extenfive enough to break the cur- rent of the trade wind, or that tmy are fituated pift bsr yond itf verge, in that fbace where the variable winds, found on appit)achmg tnt line, begin. At this time wi$ had lultry and hot weather, attended with rain, and* for the moft part the (ky was tinged with a thick whitc- nefs, without any tranfparcncy, a kind of medium be- tween ii - I COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 4«J twein fbffi and clouds. Indeed, the tropical ciimatci fcldom have that bright, clear aimofpherc, obfcrvable where variable wir»dabl»wj nor doea the fun fliinc with iMfullfplemWri if ittJid, perbapa itt rayi. being un* interrupted, would occaiion an infupportable heat throughout the day, as «» the nights, they are often rennarkably clear and fercne. .,..., . On Tueftlaythe 13th, at nine o'clock, A. M. we wereabreaftof PbrtPraya, in the ifland of St. Ibro, of which in former voyage* a very particular and full defcription ha» been given. At this place two Dutch Eaft India (hfiM, and a fmail brigantinc were at an. chor ; but the Difcovery not being there, and having expended but a fmall quantity of our water, in our rurt from Teneriffe, wedid not go in, but ftood to the fouth- ward. We had loft the N, E. trade wind, the day after we left the Capc-dc Vtrd iflandsi and on Friday the 30th, fell in with that which blows from the S. E. being then in 1 dcg. N. latitude, and in 35 dcg. W. lon- gitude. The wind, during ihis fpacc of time, was moftly in the S. W. quamr. It generally blew a gentle breeze, but fometiincs frelh, and in fqualls. W- had few olms. and thofc of ftiort continuance, between the latitude of la deg. and 7 dcg. N, the weather was very gloomy, and frequently rainy j which laft circum- ftance was an advantage to us, as wc were enabled to fevc as much water as filled moll of our empty caflts. pvery bad coiifcqticncc is to be apprehended from thcfc rains, and the clofe fultry weather with which they arc accompanied. ( ommandcrs of ftiips ought therefore c.irc^ully to purify the air between decks with fires and frnoke, and to oblige the people to change their cloaths lit every opportunities ; which prefcrvativcs of health, with others mentioned in-thc two former voyages, were confianrly ufed by captain Cook. On the 14th inftant a fire was made in' the well, to air the Ihip below: on the I fth, the fparc fails were aired upon deck, and a fire made to air the fail room: on the 17th cleaned and fmokfd between decks, and aired the bread room with fire?: on the 21ft cleaned and fmokcd between decks : and on the 2;;nd, the mens bedding was fprcad on the deck to air. We enjoyed the falutary effeds of thefc precautions in a high degree, having tc-.vcr flck than on '\ either of captain Cook's preceding voyages. Our Ihip, I however, was very leaky in all her upper works. The ftiltry weather had opened her feams, that had been bodly caulked,fowide,that the rain water palfed thrMgh as it fell. By the water that came in at the fides of the j fcfohition, 'the officer* in the gun-room were driven! ffoit their <^^bin9,' and fcarcely a man could lie diy in | his bed. The fails in the fail-room alfo got wet, (bj that, when the Weather became favourable to dry them, wc found many much damaged, and a great cxpence of canvas and of time became neccffary to make tficitl fer- viccablc. As foon as we had fettled weather, the caulkers 1 were employed to repair thefe defects; but the Captain j would not tnift them over the fidesof the Ihip while wc were at fea ; being always n^Dre attentive to the pirefer- vation of the health and !' < • >f his company, than to, temporary inconveniences j:i.' itard(hips. On Sunday, the ift of Sey- ember, in lortgittidc 27 dcg. 38 min. W. with a fine gale at 9. E. by S. wc; crdicd the equator; and the afternoon was fpcnl in per- forming the ridiculous ceremony of ducking thofe who had not paflTed the line before; a cuftom we hive elfe- whcre defcribed, and therefore think it fufficient juft to mention it in this place. On the 8th wc obferved in latitude 8 deg. 57 min. S. a little to the fouthward of Cape AuguSine; on the coaft of Brazil r and con- eluded, that we could not now be ferthcr off from the continent than thirty leagues at moft, and, perhaps not Ytiuch Icfs, as we had neither foundings, nor any other ligtis of land. We held on our courle without any reu markablc occurrence, till the 6th of 0 mond iliand, which could not beat a lofsdiftance from us than one hundred leagues: but as the Atlantic nceani fouthward of this latitude, has been but little frequented, there may pofRbly be more illaiids than we know of. It is here to be obferved, that in the night, we fre- quently faw the appearttncc of thofe marine luminoua animals, mentioned and defcribed in captain Cook's firil voyage. Mirty of theni were larger than any we had before taken up, and fo numerous foinctimcs, that hun- dreds were viliblc at the fame moment. The calm weather was fuccecd&i by a frclh gale from the N. W. which continued two days, after which we had variable light airs for about 24 h^urs, when thtN. W. wind re- turned with rtnewed ftrcngth. On Thurfday the 1 7th, we canic irt fight of the Cape of Good Hope ; and on the 1 8th anchored in Tabic Bay, in four fathoms water. After having received th« cuJlomary vidt from the mafter attendant and the fur« gcon, captain Cook fent an officer to Haron Plettenbcrg; the governor, and, on his return, wc faiuted the gnrrifon with 13 guns,who paid us an equal cbmpliment. In the bay we found two French Isa'll India (hips, the one but- ward.and the other homeward bour^d. CJncofthe latter; belonging to the fame nation, had parted from her cable, and been ftranded aI)out three days before out- arrival. The rrew w ere laved, but the lliip and cargo were plun- dered and ftolcn by the inhabitants; in extenuation of which difgraceful ad, the Dutch endcavoufed to lay the whole blame on the French Captain, for not ap- plying in time for a guard, a plea which cannot excul- Cate them, when confidercd as a civilized ftatc. The oat was now ordered out, and captain Cook, attended by fomc of his ollicers, went on Hioiv. 'They waited on the Governor, the Lieuten.mt-governor or the Fifcal; and the Comriiandtr of the troops; by whom they were received with the graatcfl civility. The Governor, in particular, promifai us in the moft polite terms every alTirtancc that the place aftordcd. iBeforo captain Cook returned on board, he ordered brcid, meat, vegetable*, &tc. to be provided every day for the (hip's company! By this time onr numerous fubfcribers and readers may be anxious to know what is become of our confort, the Difcovery, whom we left at anchor, on the 1 2th of July, in Plymouth Soimd. waitingforthe arrival of her cortlmander, captain CIcrke. We (hall therefott, for the information of our friends, rhake a trip to Plymouth, and attend the Difcovery in her run to Table Bay. By the latter end of July, this (hip being in readinefs, and every thing necelTary got on board, captain Gierke gave orders to prepare for lailing) irt confequence of which On the tft of Auguft we weighed, wit^h all fails fet* to join the Refolution, While our (hip was repairing; it was obfervaUe, that, thofc who had never been erni ployed on difcovery before, were itiore impatient to de- part, than thsfewhd had already experienced the (evc- ritics of a (butherrt navigation near and within the pdlar circle. It was diverting enough to liften to the ludicrous remarks of theft laft, on their frefl» water brethren as they called them, whom they ventured to forctel, would, like the Jews in the wildemcfs, be the (irft to murmur and cry out for the leelcs and the onions of Egypt! intimating thereby, that when thefe raw (aijors cdtne among the iflands of ice in the frozen regions, to feci the effedts of fcanty (are and hard duty, they would then be the (irft to repent their impetuofity, and to (igh for the beef and the beer of the land they were now To deilrous to leave. We proceeded with d briflt gale till the 7th ; when in fight otCape Finiftcrre the clouds began to darken, and the ocean tofwell, and to threaten by every appearance iM ■111 : > 3 4"4 Oiph COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE: 1 . I. an approaching tcmpcft. Several (hip* were then in iitlht, and wc could clearly difcern chat thev wcref>re* paring as welt ai otirfelvet, tn meet the Rortn. For twenty-four hours it blowtd and rained inceflandyi but on the 9th a calm fucceeded, which however wu not of Inna continuancei for in the evening of the fame day it thundered, lightened, and the rain poured down in torrent*. The drop* were fuch ai no experienced fca« man on hoard had fcen the like. To prevent thecfTcCti of the lightning, it was thought nccelTary to let fall the chain from the maft-head) a precaution which captain Clerke never omitted when there wai danger from the accumulation of elcdhical matter in the atmofphcre to be apprehended. On the 1 oth, feeing a (hip to wind- ward bearing down very fa(t, and fuipcdting her to be an American privateer, all hands were ordered toauur- tcre, to be in rcadincf:i to engage. She proved to be a Lilbon trader, who by the violence of tnc gale the day before, had been driven many leagues to the welhiard of her cotirfe, and was in fonic diftrcfs. Wc fpared her thofc things of which (lie lloodmoft in need, and pur> fued our voyage. Nothing remarkable happened till the 1 8th, when the fliip's company were put to (hort al- lowance of water, and the Hill wns worked to procure a fupply of frcrti from the fca. 'I'liis was occa(ionall) ulcd, aiulanfwcrcd very well for fome particular pur- pofcs, but WHS ill rcliflicd by the failors tor boiling their meat. 'I'hefc precautions were taken Id) the Rcrolii- tion Ihould have left St. Jago, and the Difcovery might be obliged to proceed to the Cape, without being able to procure a ticlh fupply. On the 19th wecrolled the Tropic of Cancer for the (ir(t time, and, on the 2 8ch, came in (IghtofSt Jago, bearing N. W. diltant fcvcn leagues. We bore away inftantly lor the bay, and at eight in the morning made land. An oflicer was fint ainorc with all fpccd to make enquiry, who brought word back, that the Kcfolution had touched at tiiat port; but had hnfl^ned her departure, as the rainy fea- fon was approaching, and itwasunfafe to remain there long during its continuance. I'he fame rcafons that had induceid the Kefoluiion to proceed were doubly prcHing upon us. It was now the time when the rainy feafon prevails, though we had as yet obferved none of its approaches. It is generally preceded by a (Irong Ibutherly wind, and a great fwell. The fea comes roll- ing on, and da(hing furioully again(t the rocky (hore, caufes a frightful furt. Sometimes tornadoes or furious whirlwinds arifc near the coaft.and greatly increafc the danger. I'or this reafon, from the middle of Au^ft till the month of November, Port Praya is but little frequented. The officer was no (boner remrncd, and the boat hoi(led on board, than we made fail with a gen- tle breeze. On the I (I of September a dreadful tempeft arofe, by which we every moment expcded to befwallowcd up. The thunder and lightning were not more alarming than the Iheett of rain, w hic^ fell fo heavy as to en- danger the finking of the (hip, and, at the i'ame time, though in the open day, involved us in a cloud of darknefs, than which nothing could be more horrible: providentially the continuance of this temped was but (hort : it began about nine in the morning, and before noon the whole atmofphcre was perfcdiy ferenc, and not a fpot nor a (hade to be fcen to nnark the place of this elemental conflid. However in this (hort period, our futferings nearly kept pace with our apprehen(ions, having our main-top-gallant yard carried away in the (lings, and the fail frittered in a thoufand pieces; the jibandmiddleOay.fails torn clear off, and the (hip fo , (trained as to make all hands to the pump neceliary. The afternoon was employed in repairing the damages, and discharging the water which had been (hippecfas well from the heavens, as from the (ea. On the three days following, the weather continued fquaily with ritin; but as wc approached the line, a calm fucceeded, and the (ky became fercne ; but with a hazincfs and languor, t$ if the current of air, like water upon an eqiiipoife, moved only by its own impulfe. Nothing could be more tedious and difagreeab4e than this calm ; but for- tunately it wu of (hort continuance. Scptenfber the 3 i J,*'^ eight in the nwming faw a fail, the rwbnd w« had lecn lincc we palTcd Cape FiniAerre on the coaft of Spftin. Wc wcttt at this time InicBi on lUhii^, and having hooked a (haik of tn cnoftMMii fict, both offi. cm and men %e^t cttoiged in getting him on board. When he was cut up. there were iiryoungonet (bund in his belly. Thefe were divided amonsthe oAicera.andonc #88 drelTcd lor the great cabin, llic old one wu eaten by the (hip'a cre^J »o whom ftt(h meet of ai^ kind waa now become a dainty. The weather continuing fine, the Captain ordered the great guns and flnall arma to be cxcrcifed, the (hip to be fmoaked. end the bed- ding to be aired. Thefe left articles, it may be once for all necclTary to obTervc. were liever omitted during the whole courfe of the voyage, when the weathef would pemiit, and they are more particularly nc- celTary in croDing the line, ai it has been obferved, that the whole woodwork between decka, in thii low lati- tuck, \i more apt to iKcome mouldy, and the iron to rud, than in higher latitudes^ probably owing to that lUiggidinefs in the air that has been already noticed^ and tor which nature fecms to have providca a remedy by the frequent tcmpeds and tornadoes, to which thu lurc of the ocean is remarkably fubje^h On the 1 7th, wc crofled the equator. The weather being fquaily, the ufual ceremony of keel-hawling the failors who had never crofled it before, waa oinuted. On the loth the weather became moderate, when, upon examination, the (larboard main-truflcUtrcc waa found to be fprung. 'i his day Ca-orge Hartifon, corporal of the marines, fitting carcld'sly un the bowfprit. and di- verting himfelf with the fporting of the fiflKS, fell overboard. He wat I'ccn to fall, and the fliip was in^ (lantly hove to, and the boau got out with all polTiblc expedition, but he w as never again feen to rife. Hia Dutch cap wa:i taken up at the (hip's (Icrni and a* it was known that he could fwim as well as any man on board, the boats made a large circuit round the (hip, in hopes to recover him, but in vain. It is remarkable, that in Captain Cook's former voyage, Henry Smock, one of the carpenter's mates, fltting on the fkuttle, fell overba-ird about the fame place, and fliared the (ame fate, lluth thefe were young men, fober, and ofgood charadcrs. Their lufs was regretted by the oflteen. and particularly fo by their comrades among the crew. It is more than probable that both were inl^antly fwallowed up by the (liarks that conilantly attend the (hipa. On the I ft of Auguft we caught a large (hark, 10 feet long, with fcvcral young dolphins in her belly. Part of the entrails, w hen ck-anfed and drelTed, were eaten in the great cabbin, and the bodv given to thofe by whom it was caught. When fryed, it is tolerable meat: but the fat is very loathfome. On the 15th, a (torm arofe, accompanied with thunder and rain. As it was not fo violent as thofe we had before ex|>enenccd, it proved more acceptable than alarming, as it fupplied the (hip's company with a good quantity of fre(h water, which wc caught in blankets, or by other contrivances, every one as he could. What was favcd by means of the awnings was fet apart for the oiliccrs ufe. On the ^oth it blew a hurricane, which obliged us to hand the fails, and to lay to under bare poles. On the 3 jth the dorm abated, and the (ky became clear. This day. we obferved a (hi[^ to the fouthward, which, by her courfe, we took for the Kefolution : we croudcd fail, dood after, and foon came up with her. She proved to be a Dutch advice boat, bound to the cape. On the 28th, our people began to look Sot land ; and the appearance of (ome birds which are known never to off from (hor<, contirmcd them that the extremity of the African coad was at no great didancc. Our adrono* mer, however, was of a ditl'cicnt opinion, and the event proved that he was right. On the fird of October, when we had been at (ca jud two months, without once fetting foot on land, thofc who were unacciidomcd to long voyages, began to put on a very di Ill-rent afpeifl to that they \voreat hrlc fetting out. They were, indeed, fomcwhat com- forted by the chearfulnefs and vivacity which they ob- ferved tbOK's THIRD and LAST VOYAOE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, «cc. 4'5 fcrvcd to prevail in almoft every countenance except their own i from whence they concluded, (hat nmny davi could not clapfe before the painful fcnfatiohi of a foliury fca life would be rccornpcnrcd by the plcafure. able enjoyment* they would find when they came on lht)rc. On the 3d, wc obfcrved a nreat variety of fi(h pnd fowl to accompany the ftiip, lomc of which wc had not noticed Iwfore 1 and wc could not but remark the differenccin thii refjKCk, between the wcHerncoafti of the old continent, and the wcllcrn coalb of the new, in the fame latitude*. No fooner had we croflcd ihc Tropic of Cancer, than we were nntufed by the fporting of the lillies, or more properlv, perhaps bv tneir unremitting labonr in purfiiit of their doily food. Flying fi(h are generally the lirft to attrat!t the notice of thofc who never have been in thele fcas bclore, tt' d it ii curious to attend to their niimbcrlefi windinj{i and (hiftings to elude the attacks of the dolphins and bo- nitos, their de< iiircd enemies. Whatever may be the ■ dcfign of providence in the formation of thcfe creatures, one cannot help confiderinj; their exigence as a ftate of perpetual punilhment. While they remain in the ^•ter their enemies are near, and though nature hat ?(iven them the power to quit that element, and to Hy or refuge to the open air, yet other nerfecutors arc there alio in wait for them, no Ufs cruel tnan thofc they have cfcapcd. Boobies, man of war birds, and other lea-fowls, arc continually watching to make the flying- filh their ptey, while the ravenous ftiarks arc no lefs vigilant in making reprifalson the dolphins and bonitos. "nlus a pallage through the tropical latitudes in this fca, exhibits one continued fccne of warfare 1 while in the other fca all is peace and uniform tranquility. Thcfc rcHcctions occur naturally when the mind, un- occupied with variety, i« dil'pofcd for contemplation. On the 4th of November wc caught a fliark, leaving one tyrant the Icfs to vex the oc can. On the 7th, at fix in the morning, the man at the mart head callc-d out land I and at eight we couUI ;\ll fee it involved in amiftydoud. It proved to be Table I^nd, bearing S. W. at the diflancc of about lo leagues, which in- duced ui to change our courfe from E. S. E. to S. S. W. On the lOth we entered Table Bay, and on the nth came to an anchor in fix fathoms water, where, toour great joy, we found the Kcfolution, on board of which our jouriulirt rcimbarked, and thus continues the kiftoryofner voyage. On Tuefday the i'2d of Odobcr, we fixed our tents and obfcrvatory i and on the 23d began 10 oblervc equal altitudes of the fun, in order to difcovcr whether the watch had altered its rate. The caulkers were now (it to work, and Captain Cook had before concerted mca- futm with Mcfi*. Brandt and Chiron for fupplying us with fuch providons as were wanted : and as the feverai articles for the refoluiion were got ready, Ihey were in.- mediately conveyed aboard. The homeward bound Fi'jnch ihip failed for Europe on Saturday the 26th, and by her wc fent letters to England. On tiic day f(>llowing the Haropftiirc Eaft Indiaman, from Ben- roolen, anchored in the bay, and falutcd us with 13 }}uns, and we returned eleven. On the 31ft, it blew cxceftivcly hard at S. £. and continued for three days ; whereby all communication between the fhip and the ihorc was cut otl'. The Refolution was the only fliip ih the bay that rode out the gale, without dragging her •nchori. The cfFeds were as fcnfibly felt on fliore ; where the tents and obfcrvatory were dcftroycd, and the artronomical quadrant narrowly efcaped irreparable damage. On Sunday the 3d of November tlie ftorm ceafcd j and on the 6th, the Hampdiire failed for England, in which Captain Cook feat hoate an invilid. Captain Trimble would have received two or three more of our crew, wlio were troubled with diftcrenc compla)n|S| but, at this tinK, we entertained fome hopes of their health being re-c(hbli(hcd. Monday the 1 1 th, the pifcovery having anchored falutcd the garrifon with 13 gant, and were anfwered by the fame number ; after which Cap- tain Cook, with his principal officers and gentlemen ■went onboard that Ihip, to welcome Captain Clcrkaon hii arrival, tt being intimated that the bifcovcry wanted caulkins. Captain Cook ordered all our work« men on board her, and lent every other necefTary ifTif- tance to expedite a fupply (if witer and provili«m«; I'he bakers had omitted to bake the bread that had been ordered fortheDifcovery, pretending they wanted flour I but the truth waa, they did not chufe to begirt till they faw her moored in the bay. Oh Capuirt Clerke s landing thii day, he was met by the oificeri of the garrifon, and the gentlemen bclongmg to the Eafl India Company, who received him very politely, and gave him a general invitation to fhare with them the ciuertainmentt of the place. The fubordinate ofReera were met by another claf* of inferior gentry, belonging to the fame company : for almoft all the officers in the Eay of the Dutch Company entertain (Grangers, and oard them on moderate term*, from two Ihilling* a day to live. Having by the governor'* pcrmilTion got our cattle cm fliore, on the ni^ht of the 1 jth, fome dogs broke into the pens, and, forcing the (Keep out, killed four, and difpcrfed the rert. The number of our Ihcep were lixteen, which were penned up, every night, clofc to our tents 1 but a bull and tv/b cow*i with their calvcsj were fent to graze along with fome other cattle. On the 14th, we recovered fix of our fheep, but among thofc we mifled were two rams, and two of the fineft ewes in the whole flock. Though the Dutch frequently boaft of the police at the Cape, yet the Cap- tain's fhceo evaded all the vigilance of the Fifcal's officers and people. At length, after much trouble and expence, by employing fome of the meaneft fcoun- drels of the place, we recovered all but the two ewes. One of the rams, however, was fo miferably torn by the dogs, that we thought he could not live. Mf. Hemmy, the lieutenant governor, very obligingly offered to make up this lofs, by giving Captain Cook a Spanilh ram, out of fome he had fent for from Lifbon ; but the captain declined the oIKer, thinking it would equally anfwer his purpofe to take with him fome of the cape rams j in this, however, the captain was miflakcn. Mr. Hcmmy had endeavoured to introduce European fheep at the (. apci but all his attempts were fniftrated by the obllinacy of the country people, who highly elteeni their own breed, on account of their large tails, the fat of which produces more money than the whole carcafi bcfides. Indeed, the mort remarkable thing in the Cape fheep • the length and thicknefsof their tails, which weir . from 10 to 15 pounds. The fat is not fo tallowilh as that of European mutton, and they ufe it inflcad of butter. While we continued at the cape, our commander had lain in a fuflficient flore of beef, mutton, poultry, and greens, for prefcnt ufe, and had contraded for a good quantity of falted beef, to fave what we had brought from England, as the latter will keep better than that which is lalted at the Cape; What remained to be done, was chiefly to purchafe live cattle for prefentt to the chiefs in the South Seal likcwife live flock for the Ihip's ufej thefe ate always tht^lartthingsprovided, becaufc it is found necefTary to fhorten, as much as pofTible, their continuance on board. Among the cattle purchafed, were four horfes and mares of a delicate breed, for Omiah; feverai bulls and cows of the buffaloe kind, as moro-iuitable to the tro,)ical climates than any brought from Europej likcwife fome African rams and cwes; dogs of the flic kind, fome with and fome without puppies ; cats we had plenty on board, and goats Captain Cook had pur- chafed at St. Jago. Stored with thefe, the Refolution refemblca the Ark, in w hich pairs of all the animals that were to (lock the earth were colledtcd ; and with their ptuvcnikr, they occupied no fmall part of the fliip's rtowagc. V\'hile the rigger^, fail-makers, caul- ker^ fmiths, coopers, and ftore-kecpers, were bufily employed in their feverai ftations, the aftronomers were not idle, nor the furgeons: the former were employed in making obfervationsj the latter in attending the lick, of whom there were not many, and thofc, on being car- ried to the tents, very foon recovered. The diy foft air of the Afritan mountains proved a reftorative fliperior X0 .% ♦•« Capl. LOOK* VOYAGES C O M P I. E T K. \'H> to all the phyl'u- in the world. Of the efficacy of this falubriout air, the Dutch liaft Indinmrn have cx|>c- ricnce every voyage, both in Bping to aitd returning frniii their rcttlrmrnii in Inaia. Uurinff the tinK the Kclblution and Difcovrry lay in theMv, tMo of their Ibip arrived full oC iiek foldiert, who had been inliltcd in Hollami, and who were in a miferable ron- dition both a* to health and want of common ncc^-lFa- rict. They had been near Ave month* on their voyage from Amfierdam, and had loft on the |Mflagc more men tlinn the compieirvntaof both ourfliipi amounted to, owing to naUinefa and clofe confmcmenl. it it re- markable, obfervcd one of our gentlemen, that no fliipt have the appearance of bt-JMa kept neater than thofe of the I>itch ; nor any nwrc liovenly where they are not expofcd to o|Kn view. Nor inuft we omit here the account in the journal of Mr. Anderfon, who, while the two fhipt were repairing ibr the profccution of their voyage, made an excurlion, to take a furvey of the neighbouring country. Mr. Andcrfun, fiir^ton, relates their proceedings, in fub- ftance, as follows: In the forenoon of Saturday the i6th of November, Mr. Anderfon, and live others, fet out in a waggon, to take a view of the country. They croifcd a large plain to the caftward of the town, which is entirely a white fand, rcfembling that which is commonly found on beaches. At five in the Afternoon they paflcd a large farm-houfe, fomc corn-fields, and vineyards, (ituatcd beyond the plain, nrar the toot of fome low hills, where the foil appeared worth cultivating. At feveii they arrived at Stellenbolh.a colony, in point of importance, next to that of the cupe. I'he village ftands at the foot of the range of lufty mountains, above iQ miles to the eaftward of Cape Town, and confifts of about jo houfcs, which are neat and clean: a rivulet, and the Ihcltcr of fome larzc oaks, planted at its firft fettling, form a rural prolpcdl in this dcfart country. There are fomc thriving vineyards and orchards about the place, which fecm to indicate an excellent foil, though perhaps much may be owing to the uncommon ferchity of the air. At this fcafon of the year, Mr. Anderfon could iind but few plants in Howcr, and infcCh were very icarcc. Having examined the foil, he found it to con- lift of yellowiHi clay, mixed with a good deal of fand. The fivles of the low brown liilU, fccnicd to be confti- tutcd ot a kiml of ftonc marie. Mr. Anderfon and his companions left Stellenboih the next morning, and foon arrived at the houfe they had palTcd on Saturday j Mr. Clocder, the owner of w hich, having fent them an invitation to vilit him. This gentleman received them with politencfs, and entertained them with hof- pitality, in a manner very dift'erent from what was ex- pelled. They were received with a band of mufic, ivhich continued playii^ while they were at dinner; a compliment, confidcring the lituation of the place, wc thought elegant. In the afternoon they crofted the country, ana pafled fome lar^c plantations, one of which was laid out in a taftc difterent from thofe they had fccn. In the evening they arrived at a farm houfe, laid to be the firft in the cultivated trafl, called the Pearl. Here they had a view of Drakenftein, the third colony of this country, which contains fcveral little farms or plantations. Infcdband plana were as fcarce here as at Stellenbofti, but there was a greater plenty of ftirubs,or fmall trees, naturally produced, than they had before feen in the country. On Tuefday the 19th, in the afternoon, they went to fee a remarkable large ftone, called by the inhabitants, the Tower of Babylon, or the Pearl Diamond. In the Phitofophical Tranfac- tions is a letter from Mr. Anderfon to Sir John Pringle dcfi:ribing this ftone. The account fent home from the cape and read before the Royal Society is much the fame with that here publiftied, but rather fuller. In S articular, he tells Sir John, that he went to fee it at (r. Maflbn's delire, who, probab^, had not had an qpportunity of fuflficiently examining it himfelf. With his letter to Sir John Pringle, Mr. Anderfon alfo fent hon^e a fpecinnen of the rock : i( was examined by Sir William Hamilton, whofe opinion is, that this fwgHlar, immenfe fragment of granite, moft probahlv hat hrcn raifetl by a volcanic explolion, or fome fuchiaufc. This remarkable ftone, to ufe Mr. AnderTi)nS own wonh, ill the paneri now before us, •• lies, or ftamis, upon the toji of fome low hills, at the foot of which our farm houfet was fitiiateil 1 and though the road to it is neither very ftcep nor rugf^d, wr were ahove an hour and a half in walking to it. It is of an ohiong ftiape, roiindcd on the top, and lies nearly N. and .S, The V. and W. tides are ftoep, and almoft perpendi. cular. The fouth end is likiwife fteep, and itn grcatett height is there 1 from whence it declines gently to the North part, by which we afccmlcd to its top, and bad a very extcniive piofiKc'l of the whole < ..iintry. Its circumference, I think, muft Ik at Icaft h.ilf a milci as it took us almvc half an hour to walk loiiml it, in- cluding every allowance for the bad rond, and (lopping a little. At its highcll part, which is the fouth end, comparing it with a known object, it fecmi to equal the ilonif of St. Paul's Church. It is one uninterrupted mafs of ftonc, if we except fome fitruicj, or rather im- prcllions, not more than tlirce or four feet dec p, and a vein which runs acroit near its north end. It is of that fort ol ftonc called Sitxiim c)iiglNiiii,itnm, and con- lifts chiefly of pieces of conrfc quartz and glimmer, held together by a clayey cement. But the vein which crofTes it, though of the fame materials, is much com« paiiter. This vein is not above a foot broad or thii k| and its furface is cut into little fquat.s oroblnngn, dif.. |x)fed obliquely, w hit h makes it look like t' c remains of fome artificial work. Hut I could not oMcrvc whc- thcr it penetrated far into the large rock, or was only fuperficial. In dcfcending we t()und at its foot, a very rich black mould: and on the fides of the hills fome trees of a conliderable Hze, natives of the place, which are a fpecies of the oica."— We cannot help thinking, it is ftrange, that neither Kolbcn nor dc la Caillc flioukl have thought the Tower of Babylon worthy of a par- ticular delcription. The lc)rmcr only mentions it as a high mountain : the latter contents himfclf with idling us, that it is a low hillock, but the very accurate tir- count given of this remarkable rock by Mr. Anderfon, agrees with Mr. .Sonncrat'a, wlio was at the Cape of Good Hope fo late as 1 7 S 1 . On the ^oth in the morn- ing, the gentlemen fct out fn>m the Pearl, and, going a difl^ciTnt road, Daticd thiou^rh an uncultivated coun- try to the Ty};er Hills, where they fuwTomegood corn fields. About noon they ftopped in a vallcv for rc- freflimcnt, where they were plagued with a valt number of mufquctocs; and, in the evening, arrived at the Cape-Town, tired futlicicnily with the jolting of the waggon. A very uncommon incident happened during our ftay at the Cape, which mighthave embroiled us with the government there, had not the delinquent been found out and punifticd. It was difcovcrcd that a number of counterfeit fchellings, and double k'cys, had been circulated, and fcveral of our people bad taken them in exchange for gold. Complaint was made by our officers againft the inhabitants, for taking the ttd-. vanuge of the ignorance of ftrangers to impofe coUn- tcrfeit money upon them, as it was not to be fuppofed that they could oe judges of thegoodncfs of their coun- try coin. On the other hand, the ihhabit.ints retorted the charge, affirming that the bad money proceeded from us. Each were warm in their allegations, alid each were pofitivc in their opinions. It was not thouglit pofTible, that any of our people could be prepared to counterfeit Dutch money, and yet there had never been an infhincc of counterfeit mon;y having been frtn at the Cape before the arrival of our fhips at that port. Thus the matter reftcd for fome time, till' One or the Ihip's cooks, having obtained leave to go afhoie, made himfclf drunk, and offered bafe money . in payment for his liquor. Being detained, and noticw the mountains, and when feen from their fummits, appears, with the gardens and plantations that run along tnclhore exceedin^^ly pic^urefaue: nothing, indeed, can be more romantic, nor any proipc^l more pleating to the eye. At :!ve in the afternoon of this day, a brccte fprung up at S. E. with which, as we obferved above, we weighed, and (lood out of the bay, having faluted the fort with eleven guns, which they rcturncdwith an equal numbcrt at nine o'clock it fell calm, and we came again to anchor. '11 ■I, C H A P. II. made Pajlageef the RefolutioHond Difnvery,firm the Cafe tf Goad Htpt, to Offi/lmas Harbour s in mhith Prince EJxarff iflands are feen, and Kergueleu's land vifited— -Toe tvoojhipt arrive at ibe above harbour — Dt/eription tf it, and an ac- touni tf occurrentes there-— Depart from thence, and explore Ibe eoaJl—Cape CkmierUind Bay, Point Pringle, Hmie'r Portland, i^c. defcribed — Tbefbipsin dawer from fboals^ Arrive at Port Pallifer — Cape George defcribed— J^atural bifloryof the animals, plants, foil, Vc. tf Kerguelen's land— Pipage from hence to f^an Dirmn's land, in which the Re- folulion is damagediy afnddenfipuil—they atrive in AdvrntHre Bay — Incidents there— Various interviews with the na- fives, and a defcripiion tf their perfons, drefs, manners, and cuftoms—Mr. Andtrforis remarks— Cmrft of the Re/blklion and Diftmjtrj tt i^en Charlotte 4 Sound in New Zealand, where we anchored inour old ftalion. DECEMBER the ill, 1776, at three o'clock A. M. we weighed and put to fca. with a light breeze at S. but did not gn Thurfday the i ith at noon. That to the S. which is the larged, we judged to be about i j leagues in circuit ; ind to lie in latitude 46 deg. 53 min. §. longitude 37 deg. 46 min. E. The mod nonhcrly one is about 4 leagues in circuit; and in latitude 46 deg. 40 min; S. longitude 38 deg. 8 min. £. The dillance from one to the odier i« about five leagues. We paflcd through be. (ween both itlands in a ver^ narrow channel ; and had piercing cold, attended with fnow, with which the iflands were lightly covered ; but neither tree nor Ihrub were to be fcen with our bed glafles, nor any living thing, except penguins and (bags, the former fo numcr^ QUi that the rocks fcemed covered with them as with a crull. The S. E. parts of thefe two iflands had a much greater quantity of fnow on them than the rell, and the S round that was not covered by it, from the various lades it exhibited, may be fuppofed to be cloathed with mof^iOr perhap.with fuch a coarfe long grafs as is found in foine parts of Falkland's iflands. On the N. fide of each of the iflands is a detached rock; that near the S. one is (haped like a tower, and fcemed to be at ibme dif- tance from the fliore. Thefe tw» iflands, and four others more to the eafl, were difcovcred by the two French navigators, Marion du Fre^ne, and Crozet, in January 1773, on their pafTage from the Cape of Good lope to the Philippine iflands. M. de Marion had two fhips under his command, one the Mafcarin, cap- tain Crozet, the other the Caflrie, capuin du Clefmurc. They proceeded to the fouthern extremity of New Holland, and from ilience to the Bay of Iflands in New Zealand, where M.de Marion was killed with twenty- eight of his men by the natives. He was obliged, hav- inj; loft his mafts, to look out for new ones in this coun- try; but when he had found trees fit for his purpofc, nccelFity obliged him to cut a road three miles long through the thickets, to bring them to the water fide. While one party of his people were employed in this fcrvice, another party was placed on an ifland in the bay, tocleanfe thecafks, and fill them with water; and a third was occaflonaHy fent on fhore to cut wood for the fhip's ufe. Thus employed, they had been here 33 days upon the bcft terms with the natives, who freely offered their women to the failors, when M. dc Marion, not fufbetfling any treachery, went one morning, as was his cuftom, to vifit the different parties that were at work, without leaving word that he intended to come back to thie fhips the lame day. Having cabled to Cbe the waterers, he went next to the Hippah,a fortification of the natives, where he commonly uted to flop in his way to the carpenters, encamped in the woods, with M. Crozet at their head, to diredt their operations. Here he was fuddenly fet upon ; and, with his few attendants, barbaroufly murdered ; as were the boats crew that car- ried him on fhore. Next morning, the lieutenant who comnunded 'on board, not knowing what had hap- pened, fent a party to cut wood, and when eveiy one was at work, the natives watched the opportunity to fall upon them likeWife, and butchered every one, ex- etpt a tingle failor, who ran for his life, and threw him- felf, wounded, into the fea. Being feen from the fhips, he was fpecdily uken on board, and gave. the general alarm. Crozct's fituation in the woods, wttH his fmall party, was now become moft critical. A corporal and four marines were difpatched immediately to acquaint him of his danger, while feveral boau attended to re- ceive hit people, at a place where the fick had been lodged in the tents, for the recovery of their health. HedifpoTed every thing as well at the. time would per- mit, and efTe^ed his retreat to the fea fide. Here he found multitudes afTembled, drefled in their habits of war, with fevtral chiefs at their head. Captain Crozet cnitered the mariHes who attended him, to direct their fii«, in cafe he found it necefTarytogive the word,ag^infl ftich pfufons at he ihould point out. He then com- 4 • ■ ■' nianded the carpcntctt and. cpnvak-fccnts to fUike the tents, and :he fick 10 embark tirl^t with, their whole ap< pantus, while he with the foldiers, fhould talk with tne chief. This man iiwmediately told thciiw that M. Ma« rion was killed by another chief; upon which icnptaini Crozet feized a Hake, and, forcing it into the ^rwnAi; nude figns that he fhould advance ho farther. Th& countenance, with which thjii action was attended, llartlcd the favagc, whofc timidity being obfcrved byr Crozet, he inlifled on his commanding the ci^owd to fit down, which was accordingly complied with. He now paraded in front of the enemy till all his peopk were cn1bark(d.t his foldiers wer< then ordered to toilaw,aod himfelf was thc;lafl.who entered ^. Wit. , They had. ! fcarce put off when the whole body of natives began their fong of defiance, and difcharged their voljies of floncs : however, a ftiot from the fhip foon dlifperfcd then, aqd the company got all fafc on, board. Irrpm. tWs time the natives began to be troublcfome, and made feveral attempts to attack his people by fiirprjze. They formed an attack againft tlie watering pai;ty in; the. night, which, but for the vigilance of the guard, would have been fatal to thcni : after which, they openly at- tacked the fhips in more than a hundred large canoesi, full of men, who had caufc fufficicnt to repent their daring exploit^ having fcvcrely felt the dcflruUiy£;e|re<^ of European arms. At length capuin Crozet, finding it imfwllible to fupply the mips with mafhi, unlcfs he could drive the enemy from his neighbourhood, made an attack upon their Hippah, which they vainly boatled was beyond his power to approach. He placed the car- penters in the front, who, in an inflant. levelled their pallifadocs with the ground ; then cut a breach through the mound, and levelled the ditch, behind which their warriors were ranged in great numbers on th'*Lr fight- ing tlages. Into this breach a chief inftantly threw himfelf; with his fpear in his hand. He was fhot dead by a markfman, and immediately another chief occu- : pied his place, flepping on the dead body. He like- wife fell a vidim to bis intrepid courage and in the fame manner eight warriors fucccflively dcfvnded.it,. and bravely fell in this poft of honour. The refV, fee- ing their leaders dead, took flight, and the French pur- fued and killed numbers of them. Captain Crozet of- fered fifty dollars tc any perfbn who fhituld take a New Zealander alive, but this was found impiadticable. ' A foldicr fcized an old man, and began to drag him to- wards his Captain, but the favage, being difarmed, bit into the flcfh^ part of his enemy's hano, the exquifitc pain of which fo much enraged the foldier, that he ran the fellow through with his bayonet. In the Hippah, that had been tlormedL was found great quantities of arms, tools, and cloathing, together with flore of dried fifh and roots, which fisemedtobc intended for winter provifion. Captain Crozet now compleated the repairs of his fhip without interruption, and profecuted hi» voyage after a flay of fixty four days in the Bay of Iflands: from whence, after pafling through the wef- tcrnpartof theSguthSea, he returned, by the Philip- pines, to the Ifle of France. ' - We cannot help remarking here, that tnere appears fome inconfiflency in the above relation. It fecms ini- probable, if Marion was murdered in the Hippah, fituatedon the prominence of an inaccefliblc rock, that the boat's crew below, who landed him, fhould not make their cfcape ; and much more improbable, that neither the leader nor his followers fhould be miffed, till the woodmen were maflicrcd by the favagcs the next day. Upon the whole, we arc rather inclined to think, confidering the importance of the place, that the loft might be fuflained by fair combat. M. Ma- rion might nnd it necelTary for the fafety of hb people, to drive the favagcs from their Hippah or Fort, which is one of the flro^/^fl in New Zealand. In the opi. nibn of capuin Cook, it is a place of great ttrcnmh. in which a g^eat nuittber qf rctotute men may defend themfelretagainft aUtheforqe, which apeople with no other arms than thofe' that are therein ufe, could bring againft it. Captain Crozet might, therefpre, think it lels difhonourable to attribute the loTs bf ¥u general and ■!*»" COOK'S THIRD and LAITVOYACErf-^^Ahe^ PACIFIC OCEAN, 8cc: 419 Q lUike the ir whole ap- Ik ui(h the h^t M. Mar. ich icnpujn 1 the tirpvmtij rtbcr. The^ attended, obfcrvi-d by crowst to fit h. He now people, were » fallow, and They had. fives began ;ir rVolJle* of on oifperfrd lard* Frptm. le, »nd made priM. They J3i:iy in; the. uard, would openly at- argc canoes, repent their ruCiiyc; cffe£t ozct, fioiling is, uniiTs he rhood, made ainly boalled iced the car- levelled their each through which their I th'jjT fight- tantly threw vas Ihot dead r chief occu- r. Helike- , and in the defvnded.it*. rhe reft, fee- . French pyr- in Ciozet of- I take a New idticable. ' A Irag him to- lifarmcd, bit the exquifitc , that he ran the Hippah, quantities of tore of dried d for winter ed the repairs rofccuted hi» I the Bay of gh the wef. y the Philip- tnere appeani It feems ini- the Hippah, blc rock, that , fliould not irobable, that be tnilfed, til! iges the next inclined to le place, that at. M. Ma- if his people, : Fort, which In the opi. ;reat ftrength, I may derend cople with no , could bring fftit, think it >f1fu general and smd to many rtien, to the trtacheryi . rathe* than th« Valour of the favagesj who, it i» acknowledged, de- fended the place bravely. But to proceed. ^ At the two iflands, between which we paflpd, have He namet in the French chart of the foothem hemlfr pherf, captain Cook named them Prince Edward's Iflaftds, and the other tour Maritm'a and Croict** iflands. We had now for the moft part ftrong gales between die N. and W; and but very, indifferent wea- ther; not better, indeed, than we generally have in England in the very depth of winter, Ithfllighi i^i Was now the Huddle of fumnWr iathishemifpbere.u Ia(«>iTt fequence of the piercing cold, the captah>.ordered:thet Jackets and titiwlcrs to be delivered flW, which, wjtH the blankets, and other warm cloathitig, provided iby theLoidsof the Admiralty aeairift the fevcrity of the frozen climates, were found of infinite ufe in preferVing the men in health, who were moft cxuofed 10 the aftioft ofthefroft. Aft*r leaving Prince Edward's ifiands.wo ftiaped our courfe to the & E. with a brilk ^c at W- S. W. in order to pafs to the fouthward ot the four others t and to get into the latitude of the landi difc*. vered by M.de Keiguelen. Capuin Cook had re- ceived inftruflions to examine th« ifland, and endea? vour to difcoyer a good harbour, : 1 .wi On Monday the i6th, in latitude^* d«e« 45 mm. and in longitude 51 deg. E. we faW numbers of pepguinst and rock- weed floating in the fea. On tha ivih the fogs came on fo thick, that we could but juft di.C cem objcfts cr the diftance of the ftiip's length j on account of which fignals were appointed, and repeated every half hoir. As we hourly expelled to fall in with land, our navigation was both tedious and dangerous. On the aift, we fawa very large feal.and a heavy ftorm came oil. attended with fleet and heavy gufts of haiU On Tuefday the a4th, at fix o'ck)ck, A. M. the f^ clearing^ away a little, we faw Und, bearing S. S. E which we afterwards found to be an ifland of confider- able height, and about three leagues in circuit. Wc foon after difcovcred another of equal magnitude, about one league to the eaftvrard : and between tjiefc two fome fmallcr ones. In the diredion of S. by E. another high ifland was fcen. This we did but juft weather: it was a high round rock, named Bligh's Cap. Our commander fuppofcd this to be the Oime that M. de Kerguelcn called the iflc of Rendezvous; but we know of nothing that can rendezvous upon it bqt th? birds of the air, for it is certainly inacccflible to every other jinimal. The weather beginning to clear up, we tacked, anu fleered in for the land; and at noon we de- termined thelatitude of Bligh's Cap to be 48 dee. 29 min. S, longitude 68 dcg. 40 min. E. We paflcd it at three o'clock, with a frcfli gale at W. (knding to the S. S. E. Prefenriy after we uw the land of which wp had a faint view in the momingi and at four o'clock, extending from S. E. half E. anadiflant 4 niilesk The left extreme, which we judged to be the northern point of this land, called, in the French chart of the fouthern hemifphere. Cape Francois, terminated in a high per- pendicular rock, and the right one in a high indented point, which, by iu appearance, feemed to be. what is repreiented on Kerguelen'schart under the name of Cape Aubert. U may Ik proper to obferve here, that all that extent of coaft lying between Cape Louis and Cape Franfois, of ivhich the French faw very little during ;heir firil vifit in 1773, and may be called the N.:W. fide of this land, they had it in ttwir power xo trace the pofltionof ill 1773, and have afligned names to fome of Its buys, rivers, and proHtontones. From this point the coaft feemed to turn flwrt round to the fouthward; tor wr could fee no land to the weft ward of the direc- tion in which it now bore to. uf, but the iflands we \iad tibCavei in the momi^, j^eiguelen'i ifle de Qugny.the inoft fowtherly of them, lies nearly W. from the point, fbewt two tr three leagues (liftai)^ Towards thcqtk^ die of the land there anpean^. t»be an inlet; but '9a our approaching it, wc urn it was only a bending on thecoul; we tnnefbfchRNreub tugs round Cape Fnn- (ois. Soon after, Umlopqi^ df tjhe Cape, in. tW di' region of ^ i3 dcg. E. tpaatkgnifu jgoiat at a con. flderdble diftwicei^lvr tiib t^^ii^ of theidoafirrom tbft Cape wii»rroQie foutheHy. We alfo. defcried rocki and idands'to the caftward of thfc above diteOionsi the rooft:diflEiflC/i|>Ci which: ,^Mai, about ftveSiJeaguos .from theCaM) jliayi|agg(t eff.this. webfaOitvedtht'tfoaft tO'th^loMit^arA n«>N;b inwatedub^i pftims arid Ihiya^ andi tiier(MrrirAlHy ntpuM »4m <( good hdrbdun. W« foon difcffiwned oiwiMhiitd-the Cape, into (\>hich wb began to ply* bwM ,preiently fell cajm, and wie an- chored in 4^ fatbtfmt water, as the Difcbvery alfd (M.rfoon after< MC- Ji^isK thei tnafterj was ordeced tOii^Ml fb«; h«Ml>MiM who reported it to be &fc and -ll6'}a.W«dn(efda«:*^,«#tJbjca«lt^ in die morning, we wr^llBd. and, Wing WfdugHt . ihto the harfoouh anoMind in eight &thoniftwat«t'.: b^tom a fine diirk fyni. At.twq o'clockiP. Mi^e Difcovery got iii, wh(vi aip^;/C|firkp i^ifonn^ :tu,v^: be rJiad with 4i(|cvlty! icffiaped! being , drivfcaittii 1 jthflc&'tiibirit of the (urbquA/ hitranchorl)ayiBg ftiftedribefitfe heconld flipifttc «exrii«ii<» ffttlMiw'fcfe MM'ai^ nMilculan tmnr{ rMo'Ml Whii dlMli tMi^ liilW iafbur' niibik^ijterwlt fiMf1i(«d»«M««i iMllbiUMtaPMlP tiMI •r ^r ulrinibrrtigtksbw i faalaiiry ' edi w iUlt h . 'fttVtley Cfloy anj oneVptpjiiM, ahd «a8tntii tijMiri ^«itoh; he Hfkt td«Nmdl Hl«t«cMtiu««(»t«eiMhc»niiti^.Nfj'dvitoi AlIoM^UvriN GiiM«. fcuiM aM^i ti»'#MaAd>a»diefedl hi« yawlM tifc^ pod ftflion. In rile nwair time; M. de KtHi^fen being drivefi to ktcwaid, and'-nniM^ affihi to recover "hi« AmUih both MmM RdWlMSd otv boMl ihtf iGrot VeAVMij and the cutter Mirtafhed adHft «M acdMiM>Arih^ hM mathisn Mi KngMUff miiiited tttJ tttf Maui9(!)Mi andM. de 8t/AAofiani'^oitUnuedfbr>tht«ld^totakiii the beariqet of this land'; and doubled itsnonherri extremi^ beyond «Mch it trendtd to the (budv^ift. wank He iot&ei it fat the fpaceof M Ibigues, but findim itihiKh>aiiil4«^cfliblei he flu^his cOurTe to New HotUiQ. and ft^nv thcHcie returned by the ihtf of Timor 4itd Bituviag tbthe Ifle of France, where he dUed. M. de KergUt<'lcnM'd»kfterWBrda promoted to the command of a 64 gun- (hip, called the Rolhmd, with the frigate L'Oifeau, who were fent out in order toperfeft the difcoveryof thit pKtended land. i FromtheaccoontaofM. Kciguden'ifecendviya^ ve Icam, that they arrived on the wcA-ifide of tftij ifland. on the 14th of December, 17S3 1 that, fteerirtg to the N. E. they difcovered, on the i6th, the Ifle de Reunion^ and other fittall iflbuidt; that, on the t7th, they IukI before them the principal land, (which they wete fure was connefied wirii'that leen bythemon the [4th,) and a hirii point of land, named by' them Cape Franfois ; thatMyoAd thU cape, the coaft took a fouth-caflerty diiedUont and behiiid it they found a VAf called by them Baic de L'Oiftau, from the name of their frigate 1 that, tiicy then endeavoured to enter it, but wero prevented t^ contrary winds and btowing weather, which drove them oflTthc coaft eaftward ; but that, at laft, on the 6th of January, M. de Rofnevct, eapoiinofthe OiicaUi was able to fend hisboat on Ihore in thisbky, under thecommand'of M. de Roche- Ede^ one of his officcn, *■ who took poffeflion of that y, and of all the countnr. in the name of the king of li'tanee.with all the rcouinte formaiitiet." Hence then we trader hf tfie mMV uhckcntionable evklence. the hidory of the txvttle and the infcription t die leaving of which was, no dtoiibr, dtt of the fcquifite formaiitiet Obfeivcd by M. de RooheBude on tiria occafion. And thotarii be did not Itod tul the 6th of Janua^, 1774, yetaaKtigiKicn'aftlp* aiVived upon the coaft on the 14th of Oettinber, 17^ and had diicovet«d«id ktok< ed into thit very bay ^on dw tTth of that ttlfAth, ft with die:*riae* OMbrictV and tMth thtt iffj i^ 1 774 was laewt i Awa «• the date orthe mm^. tot We nuy ' 0B«r fiUitjr cwkbide Haiti Aw idwMrtfMfrti^ Iw^tharCiiptair fiom#aik-oril mm cwKiMae wn liAGOok^BrauMk l ii WHMa iiBiH ■uai Itefi^MnAlkMi ^nlA| nuke vm odier. ' liel Mw l "iioidea thai iW'IlMiik' Mil vi«ted thi« had * fcMM^i aMi Mdiitfeliio (M iMCeiliVortfyii^l^^MODMwdat* 4ktt lii fk¥Vlm m. to WMiifc MMHtf or tiid#pMeiK(%iL> Ae nmfbundl a OMfirtAM lrMclt%«/whD h«v« bm better mSmK4ikm09»f emtimfi hOaamtjmm mt miik dDrfttrtnndri; tiMR (hMe iflandrwc now ftllia wMhaM)ie4mediftovefedhyKemtalca: but that M^ Keiguelenev(j^fiiwagi«aC€OUntryi,^h aahepretetadsw hafV«TerfnibUundicrs beeani bMt there. ai« Jione lb, ftifieriOFto dholeaiready discovered in riches andOtdliUj vdion, gstb bt'wOMbchsi feuch, will fokrceiy admit a queAion^ Wb' now think it time to ictum ttt the.hi£> ttur-of our-«o)i«ge. ' CajptailnCMtk,: at * meiiairiiti of oonhawiigsJiecAi iff'rtnalMiboM^iJwwtri oh^risrothcrlide tf itha paclkr. nifM'thitexwoKkit 9■'NiAh•lij|UHt^l^e^'.■^fi:tanyv^i •< Tko4hJpt R«folUtlon.'andi)ifcQfrery,bcioogii« tb the kingtof QratBrithhb In'thnmonkh'af I)ccember, h^MK'fjte," Hetbcn putdieparohmcafe lagkininto. ihe bottM,'acbam9mtU widva (iii«wi:Mo»penny pieoe: of 17^, covcViKK; >itk moUHv aiitk a ikaden cap, , isiA> piked it ch^ iKKt- momiiil iin arpiioof Aoncib ctt&ed* for ithati purpofr on' an>^>iiMeift:c< Keav .thO place wheriC it wla*> fiift found. Hettwe difphiyed thr Britifh Oig^i and fMMned'the place Ghriftmas HMboUr, fie being on thafefefllival we arrived in it. It ii the iirftiniN we meet with on the S. £» ftde : of Cqpe Fnuifoia, €hrMMasliafbeup, (his pmtioularofrhel perfoiated nick, which, in> the account of jKetgudkn's Iccond voyage, is dompared to an > awhed ffatmay, webld amount to a tkn& demonftriition t and u is very' fttis&dory to find'thetwo navigators, neither of whom knew any thing of ilie other's de(criptiah|. adopting the fame idea, which Moth proves, tnactbey had the ftme uncommon objeA before their eyes, and that thcf made an accurate report. The harbour has-ancihar. mail: within, being a iingle (lone or nck< of a va(fc fize. Which lies on the top of a hill, on the fouth-fide^ near ia bottom t and oppofitethis, on the north fide io anodier hill, fmallef^ but much Hke it. Atdicbottom of this it a' fmalt beach 'Where we commonly landed 3 behind !it it fome gcntfy rifing BTOund; whereon is » pool of: A«(h water. Chi both fides of the inlet, the land is high. The itiltt rata in W. and W. N. W. two miles: its breadth, for more than half iu length, is one mile and a quarter; above which it is only half a' milel' The (horcs are ftcep. The depth of water, wMch it 4^ fathoms at the emrance, varies from 30, and if you proceed farther in, to (bur and five fathoms. The bottom is every where a (ine dark fand, except in (bme phcet near to th^ (hore, where are iMda of weed, which alwiiys grows en rocky ground. Tho held of the harbour lies open only to two points of the (6rH|Mfs; and even thefe are covered by ifland* iit the c^ng, fo dtat no lea can Ml in to hui« a Ihlp. Ap. pcatanceton Owreo^nArMedthi*! fkrwelbundgnrs giDWtitt dbfe to high water M^i' which h a liire tenOf i palcifkr htebour . Captain Cook, atioompanied by MV. King, went Uttnt 'Oipe; FiMifois. expedine, ftofo this etevatktn,' CD mfo had a view of tne M^coaft, ahil the ifland» lyinjg',«rir kt but th^ fiuind-eVery dif- taMob)^ belON DUbovciy, ivho HfiriaS^lludriii the AeoHiiM IqttiUt^ wMi which lii'lMliCcil' hiMaflUI>inf^. M^ti* ct«M «rM fl^^MMflOMi w^^ even ...U- ' LI . enow All ift UttlMtMUlb eprttebdstO) oblanlitiAl. lljr fiDMMONili aMJiQiicibi IS tM dvlnh-i cdy admlc li nttithciiiC. lawirtgtteciU i'thfl pArclWi Di/itanyndtt dgiag tb'the 'l)ccember,' feiagkiainco. pamypitst: :a''f»p,.4iidi iic% ci«Aed) place wtene Briti(hSa||^> lit being on firft inliit we ifoia, iwhicb theMrHum diftiaguiflUa rhichu.ftUl es in a high! ling an ap* ere could be ^ tance from the flu>re, which might raifc the expectation of meeting with a litde herbage ; but all this lively |p. pearance wasoccafioncd by one fmall plant, refcmbhng Kxifrage, which grew up the hills in large fpreading tufts, or a kind of rotten turf, which, if dried, might ferve for fuel, and was the only thing feen here, tnat could poflibly be applied to that purpofe. Another plant, which grew to near the height of two feet, was pretty plentifully fcattercd about the boggy declivities; u had the appearance of a fmall cabbage when it has fhot into feeds. It had the watery acrid ufte of the antifcorbucic plants, though it materially diflercd from the whole tribe. When eaten raw, it was not unlike the New Zealand fcurvy.grafs ; but, when boiled, it acquired a rank flavour. At this time, none of its feeds were ripe enough to be brought home, and introduced into our Englim eardens. Near the brooks and boggy placps were found two other fmall plants, which were eaten as fallad ; the one like garden creflcs, very hot : and the other very mild : the latter is a curiofity. hav- ing not only male and female, but alfo androgynous !>laRts. SomecoarTe grafs grew pretty plentifully in a lew fmall fpots near the harbour, which was cut down for our cattle. In fliort the whole catalogue of plants did not exceed eighteen, including a beautiful fpecies of lichen, and feveral fortt of mofs. Nor was there the appearance of a tree or (hrub in the whole country. ' Among the animals, the moft confiderable were feais, which were diftinguiflied by the name of fea-bcars ; being the fort thu are called the urfine feal. They come on (bote to repofo and breed. At that time they were (bedding their hair, and fo remarkably tame, that there was no difficulty in killing them. No other quadruped was feen; but a great number of oceanic birds, as ducks, (hags, petrels, &c. The ducks were fomewhat like a widgeon, both in fize and figure : a con(iderable number of them were killed and eaten : they were excellent food, and had not theleaft fi(hy t4(le. The cape petrel, the fmall blue one, and the fmall black one, or Mother Carey's chicken> were not in plenty here ; but another fort, which is the largeft of the petrels, and called by feamen, Mother Carey's goofo, ii found in abundance. This petrel is as large as an albatrofs, and is carnivorous, feeding on the dead car- <:afre« of fcjtls, birds, &c. The greateft number of ■ birds here are penguins, which contift of three forts. The head of tne brgeft is black, the upper part of the body of a leaden grey, the under part white, and rhc feet black: two broad ftripes of fine yellow^efcend from the head to the breaftt the bill ii of a reddilh colour, and longer than in the other forts. The fecond fort is about haJf the fixe of the former. It is of a dark grey on the upper part of the body, and has a white fpot«n the upper[nrt of the head. The bill and feet are yellowi(b. in the.thiid fort, the upper part of the body and thrc^it are Mack, the reft wlute, except the No. SI. M top of the head, which is ornamented with a fine yellow arch, which it can eredl 9s two crefts. • The (hags hel« are of two farts 1 the laficr corvorant, or water-crow, and another with a blackifti back and a white belly; The fra-fwallow. the tenii the common fea-gull, and the Port Egmont hen, were alfo fbund here. Alfo large flocks of a fingular kind of white bird flew about, having the bafe oJ,the bill covered with a horny cruft. It had a black bill and white feet, was fomewhat target than a pigeon, and the fle(h tafted like that of a duck4 We hauled the fcine once, when we found a few fi(h about the fize of a fmall haddock. The only (hell-flfl» we faw were a few limpets and mufcles. Many of the hills, notwithftanding they were of a moderate height, were at that time coveretl with fnow, though anfwering to our June. It is reafonable to imagine that rain ttiuft be very frequent here, as well from the marks of large torrents having rulhcd down, as from the appearance of the country, which even on the hills, was a continued bog or fwamp. The roclU donfift principally of a dark blue and very hard ftone» intermixed with particles of glimmer. Someconfidenu ble rocks were alfo formed here from a browni(h brittle ftone. Thefe are the remarks of the ingenious Mr. Anderfon, Cajptain Cook's Girgeon. • Having failed out of ChriftinaS Harbour, we fteered S. E. along the coaft with a fine breeze and clear weather. This was unexpedled, as, for feme time paft, fogs had prevailed more or lefs everyday. Though we kept the line conftantly going, we feldom ftruck ground with a line of 60 fathom. At eight o'clock, A. M. we were off a promontory, which was named Cape Cumberland. ' It lies a league and a halffron* the fouth point of Chriftinas Harbours between them is a good bay. Off Cape Cumberland is a fmall ifland, on the fuminit of which is a rock refcmblipg a fentry- box, Mhich name was given to th,e iiland oil that ac- count. Some fmall iflands and rocks, with brokert ground around them, lie two miles farther to the eaft- ward; between which and Sentry-box Ifland we failed, the breadth of the channel being full a mile. We found no bottom with 40 fathoms line. When through this channel, wc faw. on the fouth fide of Cape Cumber- land, a bay. running in three leagues to the weftwatd. It is formed by this cape to the north, and by a bio. montory to the fouth, which was named Point ftin- fle, as a comjpliment from our capuin to Sir John ringle, Prefident of the Royal Society. The bottom of this bay we called Cumberland Bay. The coaft, to the fouthward of Point Pringle, forms a fifth bay, which we called White Bay, wherein are feveial lelTel! bays or coves, which feemed to be (hcltered from all winds. OflT the fouth point, feveral rocks raife their heads above water, and probably there are many others that do not. Thus far our courfe was in a diicdion parallel to the coaft, and not more than two miles fh)m it J and the country* had the fame fterile and naked afpeift as in the neighbourhood of Chriftmas Harbour. The land which firft opened off Cape Fran$ois, in the diredion of fouth 53 deg. E. we had kept on our lar- board-bow, thinking it was an ifland, with a paflage between that and the main; but we found it to be a peninfula, joined to the reft of the coaft by a low ifthmus. The bay. formed by this peninfula, we called Repulfe Bay ; and the northern point of the peninfula was named Howe's Foreland, in honour of Lord Howe. Drawing near it we obferved fome rocks and breakers, not far from the N. W. part, and two iflahds to (jie eaftward of it, which, at firft, appeared as ohe. Wc fteered between them. and the Foreland, and, by. noon, were in the middle of the channel. " The Jand given of Port Pallifer, in honour of admiral Sir Hugh Palliftr. It lies in the lar. of 40 deg. 3 min. S. long. 69 dew. 37 mip. E. diftant f5ve leagues from Howes Foreland j and in the direAion of S, 25 dec. E. When (land- ingout. we difcovered a round hill, like a fiigar loaf, in the diredion of S. 72 deg. E. diflant about 9 Icagjics ; having the appearance of an ifland, but we afterwards found It was upon the main iand> In getting out to fea, in general, we (teered through the winding channel* among the fhoals, though we lometimes ventured to run over tliem, on which we never found lefs than- 1 8 fa- thonis water; nor would they have been difcovered, had it not been for the fea weed growing upon them* Having got three or four leagues from the coaft, we found a clear fea, and fleered E. till nine o'clock A. M. at which time the fugaf-loaf hill, above mentioned, which we named Mount Campbell, bore S. E. and a fmall ifland, to the northward of it, S. S. E. diltant four leagues. Wc now fleered more foutherly, in order to get in with the land. At noon we obfervedin lati^ tuac49deg. 8 min. S. longitude from Cape Fnin9ois 8o miles E. Mount Campbell bore S. 47 deg. W. diflant 4 leagues; and a low point S. E. at the diltancc of about 20 miles. We were now little more than two leagues from the fliore. This part of the coaft fccms to be what the French faw on the 4th of January 1 774. The land, in general, is level. The mountains end about five leagues from the low point, leaving a great extent of low land, whereon mount Campbell is iitiiated. Thefe mountains feemed to be compofcd of naked rocks, whofcfummits arc covered with fnow: and in the vallies flcrility only is vifible. When wc had finiflicd taking our meridian altitudes, wc difcovered more land, opening ofl^ the km point juft mentioned, in the diredion of S. S. E. and eight miles beyond it. It proved to be the eaftern extremity of this land, and we named it Gape Digl)y. It lies in latitude 49 deg. 23 min. S. and in 70 deg. 34 min. E. longitude. Between Howe's Foreland and Gape Digby, the flioie forms one great Iwy, extending fcveral leagues to the S. W. A prodigious quantity of fea weed growi over it, which fcemcd to l>c fuch as Mr. Banks diflinguilhed by the name of fuciu giganteus. Though the flem of this weed is not much thicker than a man's thumb, fomc of it grows to the amazing length of 60 fathoms. Having run two leagues upon a S. E. half E. courfe, at one o'clock P. M. we founded, and had 1 8 fathoms water, with a bottom of fine fand. Obferving a fmall bending in the coafl, wc fleered for it. with an intention to an- chor there; but being difappointed in our views, we pufhed forward, in order to fee as much as pofTible of the coaft before night. From Gape Dkby it trends nearly S. W. by S. to a low point, which we named Point Charlotte, in honour of^ the Queen. In the di- redion of S. S. W. about fix leagues from Cape Dicby is a pretty high projeding point, which we called the Prince of Wales's Foreland; and fix leagues beyond that, in latitude 49 deg. 54 min. S. longitude 70 deg. 13 min £. is the moft foutherly point of the whole coaft, to which, in honour of his prefent Ma^efly, we gave the lume of Cape Geowe. Between Point Charlotte, and the Foreland, wc difcovered a deep inlet, which was named Royal Sound, into which, on the S. W. fide of the Prince of Wales'a Foreland, we few another in- let; and it then appeared, that the Foreland was the £. point of a lai^e ifland lyii^ in the mouth of it. There arefeveral fmall iflanda in this inlet; and one about a league to the fouthward of the above mentioned Foreland. On the S. W. fide of the Royal Sound, all the land to Cape Geoive confifti of elevated hills, gra. diallr rifiiw from the tea to a confiderable height, hav. ing their lummitscapt with fnow, and appearing as bamn. as thofe we had hitherto feen. Neither in. land, nor on the coaft, could we difcem the fmalleft veftigc landcti on r a tree or favouring u( tu lea. i given ot' Pallifer. rorcland t icn fland- fusar loaf, 9 leagues { at'terwardi out to feai ; channefji I red to run an ' 1 8 fa* lircovcred, on thcnii coaft, we Kk A. M. ncntioncd, E, and a E, dirtant l/i in order red in lati^ ''ran9ois 89 W. diftant cc of about ,vo leagues cms to be 774. The end about reat extent s iituated. of naked )w: and in in wc had difcovered mentioned, ; beyond it. s land, and :49deg. 23 Between e forms one : S. W. A :rit, which ilhed by the of this weed , fome of it IS. Having urfe,. at one iovM water, lall bending ntion toan- r views, we s poflible of by it trends we named Ifl the di. Cape Disby li we called gues beyond lc7odeg, 13 whole coaft, ly, we gave at Charlotte, inlet, which ieS.W.fidc ' another in- and was the nouth of it. ets and one e mentioned il Sound, all xi hills, gra. height, hav- ippearing as Neither in. the fmalleft vcftigc COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 4*3 11: veftigeof a treeorlhrub: but foihe of the low land about Cape Digby, though for the mod part dcfolatc, feemed to be cloathcd with a green turf. On the Tandy beachis penguins and other fca fowls were numerous; and ftiagi kept continually flying about the (liips. In order to get the length of Gape George, we cont inued ftretching to the 8. under all the fail we could carry,' till between (even and cipht o'clock, when feeing no pro- .bability of accomplifliing cHir defign, we took ad- vantage of the wind, which had (hiftcd to W. S. W. (the dire^on, in which we wanted to go) and flood away from the coaft. Cape George now bore S. 53 deg. W. diftant 7 leagues. \Vc faw no land to the S. of it, except a fmall ifland that lies olf the pitch of the Capei and a S. W. fwell, which we met when we brought the cape to bear in this diredtion, confirmed us in the opinion, that there was no more in that quarter. But, to ufc captain Cook's own words, " Wc have, fays he, fliil a Aronger proof, that no part of this land can extend much, if at all, to the fouthward of Cape George; and that is, captain Furncaux's track in Fe- bruary 1 773, after his feparation from me during my latevovagc. His log-book is now lying before mc; and I find from it, that he crofTed the meridian of this land only about 1 7 leagues to the fourhward of Cape George; a diftancc at which it may very well be fcen in clear weather. This feems to have been the cafe, when capuin Furneaux pafTed it. For his log-book makes no mention of fogs or hazy weather ; on the contrary, it exprefly tells us, that, when in this fituation, they had it in their power to make obfcrvations, both for la- titude and longitude, on board his flup ; fo that, if this land extends farther S. than Cape George, it would have been fcarcely poflible that he fhould have paflcd without fWing it. From thcfc circumf^ances we are able to determine, within a very few miles, the quantity of latitude that this land occupies, which docs not much exceed one degree and a quarter. As to its extent from E. to W. that ftill remains undecided. We only know, that no part of it can reach fo far to the W. as the nKridian of 65 deg. becaufe in 1 773 1 fearchcd for it in vain." But we think it neceflary to remark here, that if the French obfcrvations, as marked upon cap- tain Cook's chart, and flill more authentically upon that publifhed by their own difcovercrs, may be depended upon, this land doth not reach fo far to the W. as the meridian of 68 deg. Cape Louis, which is reprefented as its mofl wellerly point, being laid down by them to the £. of that meridian. Thus an idea of a fouthern continent adopted by M. de Keiguelen, vanifhed before the accurate rcfearches cf -if t??i?. Cs>oV:, Fy-i} Krrgtirlftn hiirfcif, in confc quence of thefe, thinks very differently. 1 hi:> appears from an explicit declaration of his fentiments, in his late publication, which does equal honour to his can- dour and to captain Cook's abilities. It muft be con- feflisd M. dc Ketguekn was peculiarly unfortunate, in having done fo little to complete what he had begun. He difcovered, it is true, a new land ; but, in two expe- ditions to it, lie could not once bring his fliips to an an- chor uponany port of its coafls: we cannot butconclude, therefore, that our brave commander had either fewer difficulties to ftruggle with, or was more fuccefsful in furmounting them. The French difcovercrs imagined Cape Fran9ois to be the projeding point of a fouthern continent, llie Englifh have difcovered that no fuch continent exifls,and that the land in queflion isan ifland 'of fmall extentr which, from iu ftcrility, might pro- perly be called the ifland of Defolation; but captain Cook waa unwilling to rob Monfieur de Keiguelen of the honour of its bearing his luune. Which is more than can be &id of his own countrymen: for even M. de Figes never once mentions the name of his com- mander. And, though he takes occafion to enumerate the feveral French explorers of the fouthern hemifphere, from Gonneville down to Crozet, he aifeds toprcfcrve ai> entire filence about Kemielen, whofe firft voyage, in which the difcoveiy of this confiderable tradt of land was-made, is kept as much out of fight, as if it had never taken phice. Nay, not fatisfied with refuting to 11 acknowledge the right of another, he almoll afTumci iC to himfelf. For upon a map of the world, annexed to his bonk, at the fpot where the new land is delineated, he tells us, that it was fecn by M, dc P.ijres, in 1774. He could fcarcely have exprelTcd hinifcif in flronger terms, if he had meant to convey an idea, that he was the condudlor of the difcovcry. And yet wc know, that he was only a lieutenant, on board one of the fhips pomhianded by Keiguelen; and that the difcovcry had been made in a former voyage, undertaken while he was adtually engaged in his fingular journey round the world. We now take leave of Kerguelen's land; and captain Cook, purfuant to his inflruaions, intended to proceed next to New Zealand, to Uke in wood and Vi a- tcr, and provide hay for the catrie; their number by this time having been confiderably diminiflied; fof while exploring Kerguelen's defolate land, we loft by death two young bulls, one of the heifers, two rams, and feveral of the goats. On Tuefday, the 3 1 ft in the morning, by obfcrvations of the fun and moon, we found our longitude to be 72 deg. 33 min. 36 fee. E. and by thefe obfcrvations we were aflured no material errors occafioned by our timekeeper, had crept into our reckoning. A D i-n ^" Wcdnefday the ift of January, we '''■ werein latitudc^fideg. 41 min.S. longitude 76 deg. 50 min. E. when wc obfcrved quantities of fea weed pafllng to leeward, in adiredion contrary to that we had fcen in approaching thelaft mentioned iflands, which gave reafon to fuppofe, there were other lands at no great diftancc, and afVords fome ground for believ- ing, that M. de Kerguelen might have feen other lands in this latitude. On the 3d, in latitude 48 deg. 16 min. S. longitude 85 deg. E. we had the weather tolerably clear, with frclh gales from the W. and S. W. but now the wind veered to the N. and continued in that quarter eight days, during which, though there was at the fame linrie a thick fog, wc run upwards of 300 leagues, chiefly in the dark : the fun, indeed, fomctimes made its appearance, but very rarely, and but for a very fhort time. On the 7th, a boat was difpatched with orders to captain Clerke, fixing our rendezvous at Adventure Bay, in Van Diemen's land, fliould the two fhips happen to feparatc before they arrived there; however, we had the good fortune not to lofe company with each other. On Sunday the 1 2th, the northerly winds were fuccecded by a calm, which was foon followed by a foutherty wind. Our latitude was now 48 deg. 40 min. S. longitude 1 10 deg. 26 min. E. The wind blew from the S. for 24 hours, and then veering to the W. and N. W. brought on cle!»r nnd fair weatncr. We continued our courfe csftward, and oa Tuefday the 14th, a hurricane arofe, uccoiiljjanicd with fo thick a fog, that the fliips were every moment in danger of falling foul one of the other. Wc kept the fog bell conftantly ringing, and guns fir- ing, which were anfwered by the Difcovcry. On Sun- day the 19th, a fudden fquall carried away our fore- top -mart, and main-top-gallant-maft, which took us up the whole day to clear the wreck, and to fit another top- maft. Not having a fpare main-top-gallant-maft on board, the fore-topL-gallant-maft was converted into one for our immediate ufc. On the 20th, the wea- ther brightened up, the wind continued wefterly, and we had a briflc but moderate gale in the afternoon, when we fet all the fails we could, unieefed our top- fails, and run at the rate of feven and eight miles an hour by the log, both fhips in company. On the 22d Mr. King went on board the Difcovcry to compare the time-pieces. At this time our company were in per- fed health, thofe of the crew only excepted, who had been hurt at the cape, and even they were fit to do duty. The damages we had received during the blow- ing weather were not fo confiderable as might have been expeded. On Friday the 24th, at three o'clock, A. M. we dif- covered the coaft of Van Diemen's land, bearing N. W. half W. The Mewftone fo named by captain Fur- neaux, in 1773; bore N.E. by E. diftant 3 leagues. We made the fignal for feeing land, which was an- fwered by the Difcovery. Several ifland* and high m f il i' m rocks 4*4 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. mrk* are ftrewtd along thii part of the coaft, the r.iutherinoft of which m Mcwmine, a round elevated rock, five or fix Icamict didant from the S. W. cape, in the direction of S. 05 dcg. E. Our latitude, at noon, 43 dcg. 47 min. S. lotwitude 147 d«g. E. in which fituation a round topped hillbore N. 17 dcg. W. the S. W. cape N. 74 dcg. W. the Mewftone W. half N. Swiliy iflc or Rock S. 49 dcg. E. and the S. E. or S. Cape, N. 40 deg. E. dilhmt near 3 league*. The land between the S. W. and the South Capet ii broken and hilly, the coaft winding, with poinu (hooting out from it I but we were at two great a dillance, to be able to jad« whetlicr the bayi formed by thefc points were (heltered from the fcA winds. The bay which appeared to be the largcft and dccpeft, liei to the wcftward of the elevated peaked hill above mentioned. On the 35th, at fix o'clock A. M. we founded and found ground at 60 fathoms, fand and fhcliy bottom. The South Cape then bore N. 75 dcg. W. two leagues diftant : Tafman's head N. E. and Swilly rock S. by W. half W. To a rock, on account of its Striking rcfcmblancc to Eddv- ftone light-houfe, captain Cook gave the iiame of the Eddyftnne 1 thii, which had not occn noticed by cap - tain Furneaux, lies about a league to the eaOward of Swilly Rock. Nature fcems to have left thefc two rocks here, for the fame purpefe that the light houfe was erciilcd by man, namely, to remind na\ igatorsof the dancers that furi-ound them ; fur they may be fccn.even in the night, at a confidcrabic diftancct their furfacc being white with the dung of fea fowls. They are the fuminits of a ledge of rocks under water, whereon the fea breaks, in many places, very high. On the N. E. fide of Storm Bay, which lies between the South Cape and 1 afman's Head, arc fome creeks, pretty well (hel- tercd: and if this coad was carefully examined, fome good harbours would moft probably be found. Soon after wc had fight of land the weftcrly winds left us, and were fucceedcd by light airs, and alternate calms I but. Sunday the 26th at noon, a breeze fprung up at S. E. which afforded captain Cook an opportunity oT execut- ing hisdefign of carrying the (hips mto Adventure Bay, where we cxpeded to procure a frc(h fupply of wood And grafst of both which articles we (liould have been in great want, had we waited till our arrival in New Zealand. We therefore flood for the bay s wherein we came to tin anchor, at foar o'clock, P. M. in 13 fa- thoms water, not quite a mile froiti |che (hore. No (boner were the (hips properly lecured, than the pin- nace was ordered to be launched, the boats to be man- ned, and all hands fct to work to overhaul the riggiw, and get every thing in rcadinefs to continue our courie. 'The officers, aftronomers, and gentlemen, on board both (hips, eagerly embraced the opportunity of goiiw a(hore to take a view of the country, with which ail ' on board were highly pitefed. The nrft thing that at- tradled our notice were the trees, that by their maghi- tudc and loftii^fs exceeded cvesy thing we had cv luirint of fmoke, from the time of our appmachin^ the coaft;. and fome npw were obferircdj at -no great difbmce, up in the woods. The kuinch 9f»t Ukewiie fent for wateri and in the evening having drawn the feinc, we caught; at one haul, a great quantity of fifht mofl of which were of fbat ibrt, known to feamen by the name of elephant fifh. Tlw Captain this day vl- fitcd all dwparues that had been fent alhore: ana the 3 I next the 3 8th, accontpinicd by Icvcral MntteiMn, and guarded by a party of nnrinca, he made a (ccond cx- curfiorf into the country, in order to make tttfcoveric*, and to procure, if pofTiblc, m inwrvicw with tamrn ot the inhabitants. They pcneUited fonnimUea through p*th* that feemed to have been frcq^uented, bdbrt thejt coutd get flght of any human being, till, at leiMh, paflins by the edge of an almofl impenetrable thicket, they heard a ruOling, which, at firll, they miftook for the rouflng ol a wild bealt| but fearching cMelx, they found a girl quite naked and alone. At firft ihe fccmcd much tcrrifiedi but being kindly treated; and her apprehenfkm of death removed, flie bo. came docile, and ready to anfwer every thing we could render intelligible to her underAanding. Wo qucftioncd her concerning her refidence, which wc did by pointing to every beaten path, walking a little way in it, and then rctutning and taking aaother, making motions to her, at the fame time, to lead oaaleiv, and we would follow her. To make her perfiiAly ealy, ono of our company puHed off his handkerchief, and put it about her neck by way of ornament, and another oo. vercd her head with his cap, and then (he wasdtfmiired. She ran among the bufhes, and. in kfs than ah hour, eight men and a boy made their appearance. They ap. proachcd ns without bctnying any marks of fear, or rather with thegreatcfl confidence Imaginable! none of them having any weapons, except one, who held in hit hand a (lick about, two feet long, and pointed at one end. They were quite naked, ami wore no omamentt, unlcfs we conflder as fuch. fome hrge punAures in dif^ fcrcnt parts of their bodies, fome in ftraight, andothen in curved lines. The men were of the middle ftature^ but rather (lender. Their (kin and hair were blackj and the latter as woolly as that of any native of Guinea; but they were not di(lingui(hed by remarkable thick lips, nor Hat noTcs. On the contrary, their features were far from being difagrceablc. lliey had pretty good eyes ; and their teeth were tolerable even, but very dirty. Moft of them had their hair and beards fmeared with a red ointment, and fome had alfo their ftces Eiinted with the fame compofition. Thefewere all indly treated by our com^ny : but they received every prefent wc made them, without any apparent fatisfac- tion. When fome bread was ofTered them, as (oon as they underftood it was to be eaten, they either returned, or threw it away, without lading It. Some elephant fifh, both raw, and drefTed, they likewife refufcdi but fomebirds, wegave them, thefc they did not return, and eafilv made us comprehend that they were fond of fuich food. Two pigt having been brought on (hore, to be left in the woods, they fcizcd them mr the ears, and feemed inclined to carry them off, with an intention, as wc fuppofed, of killing them. Captain Cook, wi(b» ing to know the ufe of the (lick which one of our vi- (itors held in his hand, made (igns expre(fing his defire to be gratified in this particuur: upon which one of them took aim at a piece of wood fet up at the difbuice of twenty yards; but aflerfeveral eflayt he was ftill wide of the mark. Omiah, to fhew the great fupo- riority of our weapons, immediately fired hia mufquet at it, the report of which (b akrrncd fhem, that they took flight, and vani(hed in an indant. On our retum we found they had been at the place at which the crew of the Difcovcry wcie watering; and an officer of thsjt party firing alfo a mufquet in the air. they ran into the woods with uncomnnon precipitation. Soon after thefc "had fled from us with uncommon fpeed, the girl we had firdieen returned, and with her came fevenl women, fome with children on their backs, and fome without children. The former wore a kangooroo (kin Widened over their (boulders, the only ufe of which feemed to be, to fupport dieir children on their backs, for it left thofe rnrtt uncovered which modedy direds us to conceal. Thdrbodies were bhck, and marked with fears likethofe of the men; from whom, however, they differed, iu hav« ing their hads flsved ; Tome of them being-eompletely (horn, others only on one (idc,'1vhile the red of them h^^ the upper part of their heails (haved, leaving, a very narrow circle of hair all round. They were &r fn);n rt ^^ ncn. and cond ci> fcovcriei* iImm of I through Bibitthe]» tt Uamh, t thiclec. ' mUlook g clofely. Atflrft f txtattd't , Ibc b^ thing we IngT Wo €h we did 1 Utde w«/ r, making aloiw, and r caly, ono f, and put nother 00* idifmiffed. uiailthour, Theyap. of fear, or let none of Kid in hit itedat one onumenu* urea in AU .andothera idle ftanire^ wereljlacki ! of Guinea; kabie thick leir features 'had pretty en, but very irdifmeared > their ftcea lefe were all sxived every ■ent fatisfac- I, at loon at er returned, ne elephant refufcdi but I not return, were fond of t on fliore, to he cart, and in intention, I Gwk.wiflK e of our vi- ig hit defire hich one of : the diftance he wu ftili ^litat fupo- hit mufquet m. that they n our return ich the crew Rcer of that ran into the in after thefe t girl we had enl wonnen, bme without (kin fiftened eemed to he, ritleftthofe t to conceal, art liketSofe ered, ii» hav.> {^ioinpletely eft or them d, leaving a ley were &r fro|o %. f 5 ■ I ■< '• '■■'..\ 'W ".'•■, ■'^'^\ ■t :^;- •- ^ ' : -'^-K-^'ri :'■ .^''% - ^^.^^.ftj^ii^v ? h ■I ■ « ■■ v%i:| :; !•>«■. iPll * ,;.-^^ 3Jauttr ^fn.ps '♦' i« -5 i 8 .■> '1^ •i; !i: ii! J/tWi/tvi ./'///'//,'/).■./ A,-.//„v.//iy,/,,i/ ///,• ^>//,i'«3 male, to be carried about a mile within the woodi. and he himfrirraw them left there, taking care that none of the nativea (houlti obfcrvc what wai paifing. I !.■ aifo intended to have lett a young bull and a cow, befi.lc* §nme goarsand (hccpi but he foon relinquilhcd that delWi4, bi ing of opinion the native* would dcftmy them I whl^ he fuppofed would be the fate of thepigi. If 'hey (hould(hance to find them out: but ai fwine foon become wild, and are fond of being in the wooda, it i« probaMr that they were prcfcrved. I'hc other cattle could not have remained long concealed from the nativei, u they mull h^ve been put in an open place. Wedncfday the 19th, we were prevented from fail- ing by a dead calm, which continued the whole day. Parties were therefore Cent on (hore to cut wood and grafs, atufuali and Captain Cook accompanied the wood-cuttert himfelf. At the fame time our gentle- men, with Lieutenant Kins, and other ofKcert belong- ing to both Ihipt, extendcdiheir excuHiont ftill farther into the country, and found it beautifully diverfltied with hill* and vallie*. ftately grove* of tree*, riven, itieadow*, and lawn* of vail extent, with thicket* full of bird* of the mod beautiful plumage, and of variou* note*, whofe melody wai truly enchanting. Here were lagoon* full of duck*, teal, and other wild fowl, of which great number* were (hoti while our naturolift* were loading themfelve* with the fpontancou* produc- tion* of the foil ; a foil we nuy venture to fay, the riched and mod fertile of any in the habitable globe, the tree* growing to an aftonilhing height ana tize, not Icfs beautiful to the eye than gratefulto the fenfe of fmell- ing. It was now the time when nature pour* forth her luxuriant exuberance tocloath thi* country with a rich variety! but, what appeared ftrange to every obfervcr, the few nativei we law were wholly infenfible of thofe bleifings, and feemed to live like the beafts of the forelt in roving parties, without arts of any kind, fleep- Ing infuiamer like d wc oHercd them, yet it wa* evident, that IhclUfifh at lead, made a part of their food, from the heapa of muft^le-lhflU we faw near the (hore, and about the ufual places of ihcir refort. Their wig- wams, or habitations. <. cte (n\M hovels or (hed*, built of (lickn. and covered with the bark of a tree. We had good realbn to fuppofc. that they fometimcs took up their reiidcnce in the trunks of large trees, hollowed out by lire. In or near their huti, and wherever there was a heap qf Ihclli, there we perceived the remain* of lire > an indubitable proof that they do not cat their food raw. Nor do they feem fuch mife- , rabic wretcheii,u!< the native* whom l)ampicr mentions to have feen on its wi Hern coall. Yet. we muft here obfervfj that Dampicr's miferable wrctchc*. on the weftcm coart of New Holland, in many inftancci, bear a (Irikinx refcmblam^e to thofe feen by Captain Cook at Van Dicmcn's Land : ;l (i It.) Their foon becoming familiar with (Irangers. (2nd.) As to their pcrfons 1 bein4 ftraight of ilaturc and thin ; their (kin thick and ' black; thcirhair black, niort.and curled, like tho{\:of the negroesofGuincat with wide mouth*, (jdly.) As to their mean condition i having no hnufes, no garments, no canoes, no inllfumcht to catch large fiflu feeding on broiled mufcles, cockles, and periwincic* ; having no fruits of the earth 1 their weapons a Hraight polet (harpened and hardened at the end, &c. Due the chief peculiarities of Dahipier's Hew Hollanders, on account of which thinr are improperly called miferable wretches, are, (i(t>) Their cyc-lids being alwaj's half clofcd, to keep the flies out, which were exceedingly troublefome there t and (sndly.) Their wanting the two ibrcrtceljt of the upper jaw, and having no bcard<. When the parry with Lieutenant King, with whom waa Mr. Apderfon, Cantain Cook's furgcon. had Ian(]ed» the n^^y^s appeared oivefted of their fears, ^pd ifll^ietf |roi;i|l the thickeu .line iierdji, of deer from a foreft. Thcjrwcre armed wi^i liuy:es 'al)out two feet foiw, terminated with a (hark's toqtt^ or piece of twiie (harpened Fo A point, which (hey threjMr to.'a grca; diC tf (UKJ thele wrierie the whole of |t|»eir; jrmogr. Some tanoe. ec& at their general import,the language fpoken here iiig wholly uninteUwible to us. Our Commander thought thia to be dimient from that (jpokcn by the inhmtanu of thie ntore nonhem ptru of this country, whom, he ny^' to which the)^ paid little orao.attention^ but were gr-'^^v afttr.(hredi, 0/ rc'4 cloth.'^;^," " derfon hav::),., v •th.iiik jafit^.aiiigen^e, fperu ftiiyt we coiiiinuc4;V> A^iycnWr^ Bl^f u> , ~ ax itttunl productions pf thi; QDunt,ty,and tants, ny fhalLhere jnfcrt the Jub(|^*9f hit .Vf4 .^""l^bt noK^l^t th#t ;bf il ■A 426 Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. I ..Ml- Si I' g;nious gentleman, will, by the curious part of oar readers, always be thought worth attending to. 'there- is, obferves Mr. Andenbn, a beautiful Tandy beach, about two miles long, at the bottom of Adventure Bay, formed, to all appearance, by the particle* which the &a wafhcs from a white fahd ftone, that in many places bounds the (hore. This beach, about two miles long, is well adapted for hauling the feine. Behind it is a plain, with a biackifli lake, out of which we caught, by angling, fome whitifh bream, and fmall trout. The parts adjoining the bay are moftly hillyi and both thefe and the flat ate adorned with one continued foreft of tall trees, rendered almoft impaflable to ftrangers, by breaks of fern, Ihrubs, and fiUIen trees : but on the fides of fome of the hills, where the trees are thin, the only interruption is a coarlc grafs. Northward of the Ixiy is low land, (Irctching farther than the eve can reach, covered only with viood in certain fpots ; but an opportunity was not afforded us sf examining in what peculiarities it differed from the hilly country. The foil on the flat land, and on the lower part of the hills is fandy, or conflfts of a ycllowiih earth, and in fome parts of a reddifh clay ; but farther up the hills, it is of a grey tough caft, and appeared to be very poor. Be- tween the hills, the water drains down from thei^ fides, forming at lafl fmall brooks, fuflicient to fupply us with water : yet, upon the whole, this country bcn'-s many marks of being dry ; and, fetting afide its wood, might be compared to Africa, about the Cape of Good Hope, (though that lies 10 degrees fanher northward) rather than to New Zealand, on its other fide, in the fame latitude, where etery valley, however fmall, is furniihed with a confidcrable flream of water. We found the heat here cxccflive ; infomuch, that birds were feldom killed an hour or two, before thcv were almoft covered with maggots. No mineral bodies, nor ftones of any other kind than the white fand ftone, were obfervcd by US; nor could we find any vegetables that afforded the fmalleft fubfiftence for men. The foreft trees arc all of one kind, and generally ftraight ; branching but little till towards the top. The bark is white, which makes them appear at a diftance, as if they had been peeled. The leaves of this tree are long, narrow, and pointed ; and it bears clufters of white fmall flowers, whofe cups were, at this time, plentifully fcattered about the ground, with another fort refembling them fomewhsit m fhape, but much larger; which makes it probable that there arc two fpecies of this tree. The bark of the fmallcr branches, fruit, and leaves, have an agree- able pungent tafte, and aromatic fmell, not unlike peppermint. The next tree obferved was a fmall one, about 10 feet high, branching pretty much, with narrow leaves, and a large, yellow, cylindrical flower, confift- ing only of a van number of filaments ; which, being (bed, leave a fruit like a pine-top. Both thefe trees are unknown in Europe. Of plants, by no means nume- rous, we found a (pecies of gladiolus, rufh, bell-flower, famphirc, wood-iorrel, milk-wort, cud-weed. Job's tears, moffes, and feveral kinds of fern; but the fpecies are either common, or, at leaft, found in fome other countries, jparticularly New Zealand. The only quad- ruped we law diftiitaly was a fpecies of opuffum, about twice the fize of a large rat ; of a dufky colour above, tinged with a brown or rally caft, and whirifii bck>w. About the third of the uil, towards itt tip, is white, and bare underneath : by which it probably hangs on the branches of treeif, as it climbs thefe, and lives on berries. The kahgborob, found further northward in New Holland, may alfo befuppofed to inhabit here, •1 fome of the natives had pieces of the fkin of that >nimal. From the dung we faw almoft every where, 'and fVom the narrow tracks perceived among the (hnibbery, it flwuld feem alfo, that they are in confide- ' lible numbers. The principal forts of^birds are brOwn hawks or eagles, crows, large pigeon*, yellowiflj pare- 'quets,'amf a fpecie* which we called mocacilla cyanea, *TnMit tt|(^ beautiful axure c6ldur cf its neck am) head. 'Otid»t1!K>rew(eref«?r]ei«I«ulls, Wick oyfter-catchers, ' or fM-pies, and pbvers ofa ftone colour. Thefe birds 'iift 4dl to kUee and Ihy, that thcjr muft have been harraflcd by the natives, who, perhaps, obtain much of their fubiWyKe from them. About the lake behind the beach.OThr wild ducks were fc«n, and fome Ihags ufed to perch upon the high leaflefs trees near the Ihore. We oUerved in the woods fome biackifli fnakest and we killed an unknown large lizard, i < inches long, and fix round, bcautifiiUy clouded with black and vellow. The fea afTords a much greater plenty, and, at leaft, da great a variety as the land. Among a variety of fifli we caught rays, nurfes, leather jackets, bream, foles, flounders, gurnards, fmall fpotted mullets, a little fifti with a filvcr band on its fide, and elephant fifties, which laft are the moft numerous, and, though inferior to many others, are very palattble food. The next in number, and fuperior in goodnefs, is a fort none of ua recolledlcd to have feen before. It partakes of the nature both of a round and flat fifh, having the eyes placed very near each other, the fore part ofthe body much flattened ordepreffed, and the reft rounded. It ia of a brownifh fandy colour, with rufty fpots on the upper part, and whitifti below. From the quantity of flimc it was always covered with, it fcems to live after the manner of flat fifti, at the bottom. On the rocks are plenty of mufcles, and other fmall ftielUfifti ; alfo great numbers of fea-ftars, fmall limpets, and large quantities of fponge, one fort of which, that is thrown on the lea-lhore, but not very comnnon, has a moft delicate texture. Upon the beach were found many pretty Mcdufa's-hcads ; and the ftinking fca-hare, which, as mentioned by fome authors, has the property oftakingof^'the hair by the acrimony of its juice; but the fort we examined, waa deficient In this refpedt. The infers, though few, are here in confiderablc variety; fuch as grafs -hoppers, butterflies, and feveral forts of moths, finely variegated. Here are two forts of dragon-flies, gad, and camcUflics ; feveral forts of fpiders; and fome fcorpions; the laft are rare. But - the moft troublefome, though lefs numerous tribe of infeds, are the mufquitoes; and a lai^ black ant, the pain of whofe bite is ^Imoft intolerable, during the fliort time it lafts. The inhabitants, with whom we were converfant, feemed mild and chcarful, with little of that favage ap- pearance, common to people in their fituation: nor did they difcovcr the leaft referve, or jealouly, in their in- tercourfe with ftrangers. With refpeA to perfonal adivity or genius, they difcovered little of either: as to the laft, they have, to appearance, lefs than the half- animated natives of Terra del Fuego, who have not invention fuflicient to make cloathmg for defending themfelves from the rigour of their climate, thou^ fumiftied with materials. They difplay, however, fome contrivance, in the manner of cutting their arms and bodies in lines of difl^erent diredions, raifed abovp the furface of the flcin. Their indifference tor our pre- fents. their general inattention, and want of curiofity, were very remarkable, and teftified no acutenefs of underftandiiu;. Their complexion is a dull black, which they lonKtimes heighten, as we fuppofed, by fmutting their bodies ; for a mark was left behind on any clean fubftance, when they handled it. Their hair is pcrfedly woolly, and is clotted with greafe and red ochre, like that of the Hottentots. Their nofes, though not flat, are broad and full, as is the cafe with moft Indians; and the lower part of the face projedh con- fiderably. Their eyes are of a moderate fize, and though not very quick or piercing, they give the countenance a frank, chcarful, and pleafing caff. Their teeth are broad, but not equal, nor well fet; and either from natUKi or from dirt, not of fo clear a white as is ufual among people ofa black colour. Their mouths are rather wide; but this appearance may be heightened, by wearing their beards long, and clotted with paint, in the fiime manner as tlie hair on their heads. Upon the whole, they are well proportioned, though the beUy is rather protubennt. Their favourite attitude is to (land with one fide forward, and one. hand grafping, acrofs the back, the oppdfite arm, wktcK tM this oc- cafion, hangs down by the fide that ptmeCb. What the poets teH us of Fawns and Sa^rs dwelling in woods ami n much of lice behind fome (hagi ' the fliore. aketi and long, and nd vcllow. at Icaft, da ety of fi(h earn, folei, little fifli latit filbei, jffh Inferior rhe next in none of iia kei of the ng the eyea of the body inded. It is }ots on the quantity of to live afcer the rocks l|.{i(h: alfo and large It is thrown has a moft bund many le fea-hare, the property juice; but this rcfpedt. confidcraWc . and fevcral ire two forts treral forts of re rare. But - ous tribe of ack ant, the during the e converfant, kat favage ap- tion: nor did J, in their in- t to perfonal f cither: as to han the half- rho have not br defending nnatc, though lay, however, ng their arms , raifed abovp :e for our pre- l of curiofity, ) acutcnefs of a dull black, fuppofed, by eft behind on c. Their hair ;rcafe and red ■ nofes, though afc with moft projedls con- rate fnt, and they give the ngcaft. Their fet; and cither r a white as is Their mouths be heightened, ed with paint, heads. Upon lough the beUy ; attitude is to hand grafping, eh^ oit this «c. KriiOs. What >euing in woods and (>^////^ SEA OTTER^///y^^>NoRTH West Coast ./America . ' z.^' til G^^ Opossum, «^ Quadruped ^Van DIEMENsLAND ff '«!'WHITE BEARy^il^^/^'PAClFICOCEASr «,^,r/ ICYCAPE r>ff*rJimp. f - Ai^<^ ^■V ,/ ) ■<17:/4'^*'i^^ii'':U<^rrA;/^ .<-. ff .. .. I.,. ».,; .1m, .( » \*s. > ^'\i : .;i > "^^.jPiJ.*' J ^ H ' iSB" *'-''i»['i fi i( t^ <* \ ' *'r- ■»■ '-■ ")*• * ■ f ^ f '" p; fk* W'l B means a proof of the contrary ; and we muft have a more intimate acquaintance with the languages fpoken here, and in the noorc northern part of I^w HoUand, before we can be warranted to pronounce that they are totally different. Nay, we have good grounds for the contrary opinion; for we found, that the animal atlledkangooroo, at Endeavour river, was known un- der the fame name here ; and we need not obferve, that it is foarcely pofTible to fuppofe that this was not tranf« mitted from one another, but accidentally adopted by two nations, differing in language and extradfion. Be- fidea, as it feems very improbable, that the inhabitants of Van Diemen'sland fliOuM ever have loft the ufe of canoes or failing veffets, if they had been originally conveyed hither by fea, we mull neceffarily admit that they« as well as the kangooroo itfelf, have been flrag- glcrsby land from the more tiorthern parts of the coun- try. If there is any weight in this remark of Mr. An- derfort's, it will, while it traces the origin of the peo. pie, at the fame time, ferve to fix another point, (if cap- tain Cook and captain Fumcaux have not decided it already) namely, that New Holland is no where totally divided from the fca into ifiands; and Dampier, we findC was of this opinion. As the inhabiunts of New Hol- land fecm all to be of the fame extradion, there is no- thing peculiar in any of them : on the contrary, they tnucn refemble many of the favages whom we have feen in the iflands of Tanna and Manieola. There is even fome reafon for fuppofing, that they may originally have come from the fame place with all the natives of the Pacific Ocean ; for ot about ten words we found means to get from them, that which is ufed to expiefs coM, is jrcryfiipitar to that of Now Zealand and Otaheitc; the lirlt, or Van Dicmen's land, being maUareede, the fe- cond makka'krcde. and the third mar'reede. Upon a fliligenticnquiryi and an accurate comparifon drawn from ^ekffinity of languages, concludes our curious obfcrver, jt will probably be found, that all the people from New Holland, eaftward to Eaflcr ifland, have been derived from the fame common root. The fcntiments of our furgcon, on this fubjedt, are conformable to, and coincide with tifofeof Mr. Marfden, in his hiftory of Sumatra, who obferves, " That one general language prevailed, (however mutilated and changed in the courfe of time,) throughout all this portion ofthe world, from Madn^alcar to the mofl diftant difcoveries ea'flwardi of which the Malay is a dialedl, ntuch corrupted or re- fined by a mixture of tongtiA. This very extenfivc fimilarity of language indicates a common origin of the inhabitants; but the circumflances and progrefs of their ,feparatiun arc wrapped m the darkcll veil of obfcu> rlty." In the afternoon captain Cook went again on afhore, and found the grafs cutters on Penguin ifland, where they had met with a plentiful crop of excellent grafs. We laboured hard till the evening, and then having provided a fiidicient quantity of what was mofl wanted, returned on board. In the courfe of this day captain Cook prcfcnted many of the natives with medals, in- fcribcd with the names of the fhips and the comman- ders, with the date of the year, and that of his Ma- jefty's reign, in order to perpetuate the memory of this voyage, provided any future European adventurer, prompted by curiofity, (hould think fit to revifit thefe remote parts of the fouthern hemifphere. During our continuance on this coafl, all hands were employed in wooding, watering, over-hauling the rigging, and get- ting every thing in readinefs to continue our voyage; and having had either light airs from the E. or calms, little or no time was probably loft by our flaying here a few days^ Our filliermen alfo were no lefs fuccefsfiil in filhing, during our flay, than our fowlers in fhooting wild fowl i infomiich, that nothing was wanting to make our living here delicious. This land was difcovercd in November 1642, by Taf^ man, who gave it the name of Van Diemen's Land. Captain Furncaux touched at it in March 17731 It la the fouthern point of New Holland, which is by fiir the largeft illand in the known world, and might well be uken for, though it does not defcrve the name of, a continent. The land is diverfified with hills and val- lies, and is well wooded. Here is likcwife plen^ of water. The beft, or what is moft convenient for fnip. ing, is a rivulet, which is one of feveral that fall into a fmall lake, or pond, that lies behind the beach at the head of the bay. It there mixes with the fea water; fo that it muft be taken up above this pond, which may be done without any great trouble. The bay upon the whole may be conndered as a fafe road ; for the only wind to which it is expofed is the N. E. and as this blows from Maria's iflands, it can bring no very great fca along with it. The bottom is clean, good holding ground; and the depth of wat^'from t2 to 4 fathoms. The longitude^f Adventure Bay was determined by a great number of lunar obfervations, and was found to be 147 deg. 39 min. E. Its latitude is 43 deg. 21 min. ao fee. S. We fhall conclude the hiftory of this day, the 29th of January, with a renurk of captain Cook's, refpoiting the condudl of Europeans amongft Savages to their women, which the Captain thinks, " is highly bianteable; as it creates a jealoufy in their men, that may be attended with confequences fatal to the fuccefs of the common enterprize, and to the whole body of adventurers, without advancing the private purpofe cf the individual, or enabling him to gam the objea of his wifhes. I believe it has been generally found among' uncivilized people, that where the women are eafy of accefs, the men arc the firft to offer them to flrangers ; and that> where this is not the cafe, iteither the allure- ment of prefents, nor the opportunity of privacy, will be likely to have the defircd effedl. This oofervation, I amfure, will hold good, throughout all the parts ofthe South Sea where I have been. Why then Inould men a.& fo abfurd a part, as to rifk their own fafety. and that of all their companions, in purfuit of a gratifica- tion which they have no probability of obuining;" and, which if obtained, we may add, is not only breaking a divine command, but contrary to an indifpcnfible oui<* gation. i 428 Capt, C O O K's VOYAGES COMPLETE. JL. Sation, of doingai wc wiih, in like circumAancci, to e done unto. On the joch, having got plenty of wood and water an board, and whatever c-lfc the country affoidcd, the fignal wan made for unmooring; and, a light wcftcrly breeze (pringing up, at eight o'clock A. M. we weiahcn anchor, and took our departure from Adventure Bay. fiy ten we had put to Tea, and both (hips were under fail s loon after which, the wiiid became (outherly and produced a perfect llonn; but veering in the evening to che E. and N. E. iu fury began to abate. Thin gale wai attended with .in almoil intolerable heat, which, however, wai of lb Ihoi t a continuance, that fome of our company did not perceive it. In the night, betweca the 6th and 7th of Icbruary, a marine belonging to the Difcovery fell over-board, and was drowned, which waa the fecond miifortune a( the kind her crew had expe- rienced (ince her departure from England. We held on our diredt courfe tor New Zealand ; and on Monday, the lOth, we defcried Kock'» Point, which bore S. E. by S. about eight or nine leagues did.int: upon which we (leered for Cape Farewell and Sccphcni's liland. CHAP. III. Tbe Rcjolution and Difcovery, luniing arrived ol New Zeabnd, anchr in thtiroUJlflliM in ^leeii CbarloUe's Sound — Trai^t. allions there, vid intercourfe zfilb the Ne ;■ Zealanders.—biformatitii gained from the nalivet zvilh regard to the nw/- Jacre ef the /Idzetiliire's loal't-nru — Trte violent Jlorms — /tii account of KaLcora, -ubo beaded tbe parly tintl killtdckr people — Tw) youths embark on hardlbe kefolutioii to attend Omiah — liijlcriiiil, critical, and nautical ohjervations — Tbt adjacent cou It ry of ^leen Charlotte's Sound dcfcribed — The foil, plants, aniiiuls, i3c. — // dejhiplion of the perfons and tujloms of heinbaiilants — Their drefs, ornameiils, buildini^s, arts, canoes, boats, iveapons, i^c— Their horrid crtu-Uy l» their enemies, when pri/eners, wbofe bodies they mangle and eat. — Extra./ from a voculmlary of their lanj^uage. HAVING made the land of .Mew Zealand, we ftecrcd for Cape Farewell, which, on Tuefday the nth, at day-1/rcak, bore S. by W. dillant about 4 leagues. In rou.iding the cape we had fifty fathoms water over a fanriy bottom. At nine o'clock P. M. we came up with Stephens's ifland, and by ten, the next morning, be'Ag the 1 2th, wc cad anchor, and took our Nation i'l Ship Cove, Queen Charlotte's Sound. In the after- noon we landed a number of empty water caiks, and cleared a place for two obfervatories. We likcwife fct up tents for the guard, and of fuch of our people, whofe bufinefs might make it necelFary for them to re- main en (horc. In the mean time feveral canoes, filled with natives, came along fide of the ihips; but very few of thofc who were in them would venture aboard. This appeared the more extraordinary, as captain Cook was well known to them all: one, in particular, hi;d bean treated by him with dillinguilhcd kindnefs, during his (Vay here in a former voyage : yet now, neither pro- felTionsof friendfliip, nor prefcnts, could prevail upon this man to come into the Ihip. We could only account |br this referve by fuppofing, that we had revilited their country, in order to revenge the death of captain Fur- neaux's people, -■ ho had been killed here. But upon captain Cook's alluring them of the continuance of his friendlhip, and that he fliould not moled them on that account, they foon laid afide all appearance of fufpi- cion and diftruft. On Thurfday the 13th, we pitched two tents, one for each fliip, on the fame fpot where we had formerly er&f ti them. We alfo fet up the ob- fervatories, in which MeiTrs.Kingand Bailey immediately commenced their agronomical operations. Two of our men were employed in brewing fpruce beer; while others filled the water calks, colledcd grafs for the cat- tle, and cut wood. Thofe who remained on board were occupied in repairing the rigging, and performing the necelfary duties of the ihips. A guard of marines was appointed for the protcdion of the different par- tics on (hore, and arms were given to the workmen, to repel all attacks from the natives, if they had been in* dined to moled us -, but this did not appear to be the oafc: for during the courfe of this day, a great number of families came from ditfereni parts of the coaft, and took up their refidence clofe by us ; (b there was not a fpot in the cove where a hut could be put up, that was not occupied by them, except the place where wc had fixed our little encampment. The facility with which they build their temporary habitations, is very remark- able. They have been feen to ere(5t taore than t^yenty of them on a fpot of ground, that, not an hour birfore, was covered with Ihrubs and plants. They generally bring fome part of the materials with them; the reft {lacy find upon the premifea. Our Captain was preicnt when a number of people landed, and built one of their villages. The canoes had no fooncr reached the flioret than the men leaped out, and took poUlfTion of a piece of ground, by tearing up the plants and flirubs, orliick-* ing up fome part of the framing of a hut. They then returned to their canoes, and fccured their weapons, br fettingthemupagainft a tree, or placing them in fucit apofition, that they could be laid hold of in an indanr; \Vhile the men were thus employed, the womer. were not idle. Some were appointed to take care of the canoes; others to fecure the provilions, and tlic few utcnfils in their pofTefTion ; and the red went to gathe# dry dicks, that a fire might be prepared for drclling their viduals. Thefe huts are uifiiciently calculatea foradbrdingdielter from the rain and wind. The fame tribe, or family, however large, generally allbciate and build together ; fo that we frequently faw a village, as well as their larger towns.divided into dittcrcnt diltrids, by low pallifades, or a fimilar method of feparation< We received sonfiderable advantage from the natives thus coming to take up their relidence with us : for every day lome of them were employed in catching fidi, a good (hare of which we generally procured by exchanges. This fupply, and what our own nets and lines anbrded us, was fo ample, that we feldom were in want of fifli. Belides which, we had other refre(h- ments in abundance. Celery, fcurvy.grafs, and port- able foup, were boiled with the peale and wheat, for both fhips companies, every day, and they had fpruce hecrforthcirdrink. Such a regimen would foon have removed all feeds of the fcurvy from our people, if an^ of them had contraded it ; but the truth is, on our ar- rival here, we h'ad only two invalids in both (hip, on the fick lid, and thefe were on board the Rcfolution. We were occafionally vifitcd by other natives, befidea thofe who lived clo(c to us. 'Their articles of traffic were fi(h, curiofities, and women; the two fird of which were eafily difpofed of, but the latter did noc come to a good market, our crew having conceived a diflike to them. Captain Cook obferves upon this oc« cafion, that he onnived at a connexion with women, bccaufe he could not prevent it ; but that he never en. r ; -^ed it, becauf; he dreaded the confequences. " I knu,^, ir^deed, fays tnc Captain, that many men are of opinion, that fuch an intercourfe is one of^ our greated fecurities omongd favages; and perhaps they who^ cither from neceflity or cnoice, are to remain and fettle with them, may nnd it fo. But with travellers and tranfient vidtors, fuch as wc were, it is generally other* wife; and, in our fituation, a connexion with their wo« men betrays more men than it faves. What elfe cait be reafonably cxpeded, fince all their views arc felfifh, without the lead mixture of te^ard or attachment. COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE—To the PACIFJC OCEAN, &c. 429 ' nw/- \leU cur fHJ •fsi My own experience, at leifl, which hath been pretty exienfive, hath noc pointed oUl to me one inftancc to the contrary," . , „ . Among our occafi-wal vifiton was a chief called Kahoora, who headed the party that cut off captain Furneaux'i people 1 and himfeir killed Mr. Rowc. the officer who commanded. He wai far from being be- loved by his countrymen, fome of whom even impor- tuned capuin Cook to kill him, at the fame time ex- prefling their difapprobation of him in the fcvcrcft tcmu. A ftrikinc proof of the divifions that prevail among thefe people occurred to us; for the inhabit. anu of each village, by turns, folicitcd our Comnun- der to deftroy the other. On the 1 5th, wc made an cxcurfion, in fearch after grafs, and vifitcd a Hippah, or fortified village, at the S. W. point of the illand of Motuara, and the places where our garden had been planted. We found many of the plants and roots in a flouriftiing condition in the fpots that had been culti- vated by captain Furneaux's people, but of the feeds fown by Mr. Bailey in 1773, not the Icaft vcftige re- mained. It is probable they had been rooted out to make room for buildings, when the village was rein- habited. At the other gardens, now wholly over-run with weeds, wc found cabbages, onions, Iccks, purdain, radilhes, muftard, and a few potatoes. Thefe lal^ brought from the Cape of Good Hope, had been greatly improved by change of foil, and by proper cul- tivation, would be fupcrior to thofc produced in rrioft other countries : but the New Zealanders, though fond of this root, had not taken the trouble to plant a fmglc one; but were it not for the difficulty of clearing the ground where poutocs had once been planted, there would not have been any now remaining. As to the hippah, we found no people in it, but the houfes and pallifadcs had been rebuilt, and were now in a ftate of good repair; and we faw evident marks of its having been inhabited not long before. On the 1 6th, the two CapUins, accompanied by Omiah and feveral officers, fet out, in five boats, to collei!l fodder for the cattle. Having proceeded about three leagues up the found, they landed on the E. Me, where they cut a quantity of grafs, fufficient to load two launches. On their return down the found, they vi- fitcd Grafs Cove, the place where captain Furneaux's people had been murdered. While on this memorable fpot, curiofity induced them to enquire into the cir- cumftances attending the melancholy fate of our coun- trymen. Here they met with captain Cook's old friend Pedto, who is mentioned by him in the hiflory of his fecond voyage. He and another New Zealander re- ceived them on the biach, armed with the fpcar and patoo, though not without manifeft' figna of fear. Their apprehenfions, however, were quickly diflipated by a few prcfents, which brought down to the fliore two or three other families. Omiah we are informed was made ufe of as an interpreter between our people and the natives, his language being a dialed of that of New Zealand : but in a journal, belonging to a gentleman on board the Difcovcry, this circumftancc is differently re- lated, and as this, and the cfiaradcr of Omiah, is con- trary to that given by the company of the Kcfolution, we (hall here lay it before our readers. " Omiah, who could fcarce make himfelf underftood, nor indeed could he underffand the natives fo well as many of the com- mon men who had been frequently here before; yet be- ing a favourite with captain Cook, was always preferred when in company, to confer with the natives, and was defired by htm, when he met any of them alone, to queffion them concerning the maffacrc of our people that had^ happened fome time ago, and from what caufe it took its rife t and he hoped to come at the truth, as the natives, in general, ^ere friendly and ready to furnifli the (hips with whatever their country affbixled. But from what Omiah was able to learn.cap- tain Cook received no fatisfadtion. It fhould feem, that in Otaheite there are twodialeds fpoken, as in al- moft every other part of the world ; one by the prieffs, and another by the common people. This was appa- rent here; for Tupiawha accompanied Mr. Banks to No. $3. this place, in captain Cook's fecond voyage round the! world, could converfc w ith the natives fluently, and wa4 in fuch cOcem with them, that his memory is held in veneration from one end of the ifland to the other at this day; Obedce likcwifc,who was of the cla*^* of arc- ocs, or gentlemen, and who ai;com|janicd captain Cook, in his laft voyage, from Oiaheite to the Hebrides, New Zealand, Eader Illand, and the Marquifas. could con- verfc with the New Zealanders, though Omiah could not, a proof that he was of the inlcripr dafs in his own country. While we continued here, he found frequent opportunities todifcovcr his real charadlcr, when from under the watchful eye of his proydor and friend. He had grog always at his command, and was fontetimea entrudcd to give it out, efpecialU^ when any extra quantity was to be delivered by the Captain's orders for hard fervice, or on days of feftivity. At thofe time* he was riofcly watched, and was never know n to run into exccfs; but when the Captain was abroad lor whole days and nights, and he left in charge of liquors, he fi*t no bounds to his exccfs, and would drink, till he wal- lowed like a fwinc in his own filth. At thofc times he outaclcd the favage in every kind of rcnfuality; and when he could no longer adl the brute, he would often ail the drunkard; Oorming, roaring, brandilhing hi;i aims, and by the contortions of his mouth and face, fctting at defiance, after the manner of his country, the whole hoftof his enemies, who were rcprcfcntod by the common failors, with whom, upon thefe occalions, he was generally furroundcd ; and w ho knew how to prac- tice upon him, as he endeavoured to do upon the poor Zealanders. He was indeed far from being ill naturcd, morofe, or vindiii^ivc; but he was fometimcs fulky. He was naturally humble, but had grown proud by habit; and pride fo ill became him, that he was al- ways glad when he could put it off, and appear among the petty officers with his natural cafe. This was the true character of Omiah, (in the opinion of our journa- lift), who might be faid, perhaps, by accident, to have been raifcd to the highcft pitch of human happincfs, only tofuffcr the oppolite extreme, by being again re- duced to the lowcft order of rational beings." Pedio, and the reft w ho were prcfcnt of the natives, anl'wcrcd all the qucftions put by Omiah, by captain Conk's orders, without refcrvc, like men who had no concern in the unfortunate tranfaclion at CJiafs Cove. Their infornwtion imported, that while the boats-crew of the Adventure were at dinner, fome of the native* Hole, or fnatchcd fVointhnn, loine lifli and bread, (or which offence they received fome blows ; a quarrel en- fued immediately, and two of the New Zealanders were (hot dead, by the only two mufqucts that were fired ; for before a third was difchargcd the natives ruflied fu- rioufly upon our people, and, being fupcrior in number, dcrtroyed them all. Pedro, and nis companions, alfo pointed out the fpot where the quarrel happened, and the place where the boat lay, in which a black fcrvant of captain Furneaux had been left to take care of ir. According to another account, this negro was the oc- cafionof the quarrel; for one of the natives ftealing fomething out of the boat, the black gave him a vio- lent blow with a (lick. His countrymen hearing his cries, at fome diftance, imagined he was killed, and im- mediately attacked our people, who before they could reach the boat, or prepare themfelves againft the unex- pected affault, fell a facrif -e to the fury of the exafpc- rated (avagcs. The former of thefe accounts was cor- roborated by the teftimony of many other natives, who could have no intered in dilguifing the truth. The latter account refts upon the authority of the young New Zealander, who quitted his country for the fake of going with us, and who, therefore, could itet, as wie may reafonably fuppofe, be inclined to deceive ta. As they all agreed, that the affray happened while the boat's-crew were at dinner, both the accounts may bt true; for it is by no means improbable, that, while fome of the iflanders were Aealing from the man who had been left to guard the boat, others might take equal li- berties with thofe who were on (horc. It appears, that there was no premeditated plan of bloodlhed, and S Q.. that. ; <] m ,Nl -f.L 430 Capt. COOK'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. that, if thcfe thefts had not been rather too hadily re- |l fcntcd, all mifchicf would have been avoided i for Ka- hoora'i greateft enemici acknowledged, that he had no prcvioui intention of quarrelling. With regard to the Doat, fame faid, that it had been pulled to piecet and burnt I while others allcrted, that it had been carried off by a party of ftrangcrs. Wc have received from a gen- tleman on board the Difcovery (bme other remarkable particulars, relating to this myfterious affair, included in the relation of an adventure, which, though the parties arc not of the highcit clafs, our readers, notwith- Handing, may think worth relating. Belonging to the Difcovery was a youth, with whom t voung Zealander girl, about fourteen vears of age, fell defperatcly in love, nor wu (he wholly indifferent to our adventurer. What time he could fpare, he ge- nerally retired with her, and thev fpent the day, but oftencr the night, in a kind of filent converfation, in which, though words were wanting, their meaning was fterfcc'tly underffood. Moments Hy rapidly on, that are pent in mutual endeavours to pleafe. She, on her part, had no will but his own, and he, in return, was no lefs attentive to hers. Minds fo difpofol naturally incline to render theinfelvcs agreeable. A conformity in man- ners and drefs become figniiicant figns between lovers. Though he appeared amiablcin her eyes in the drefs of a ffranger, yet he wifticd to render himfelf more fo, by ornamenting his perfon after the faffiion of her coun- try; accordingly he fubmitted to be tattowed from head to foot: nor was (lie lefs folicitous to fet off herfelf to the bcil advantage. She had fine hair, and her chief pride was in the drefs of her head. The pains (lie took, and the decorations (lie ufed, would have done honour to an European beauty, had not one thing been wanting to render it Rill more pleaflng. Ghowannahe (that was her name) though young, was not fo delicate, b'lt that the traits of her country might be traced in her locks. To remedy this misfortune, and to render it lefs offeniive, (he was furnifhed with combs, and taught by her lover how to ufe them. After being pro- perly prepared, he would by the hour amufe himfelf with forming her hair into ringlets, wlych flowed care- lefsly round her neck, with a kind of coronet rifing from her temples, gave her an air of dignity, that addeid ftcfh charms to the brilliancy of her eyes. The diflike arifing from colour gradually wore off', and the ardent defirc of rendering their fentimcnts more and more intelligible to each other, gave rife to a new lan- guage, confilting of w ?rds, looks, and gcfturcs, by which pleafure and pain were more forcibly exprefTed than by the moft refined fpccch. Having at firll acquired the art of imparting their pailions, they very foon im- proved it to the ftory of their lives. Love and Jealoufy diredled her enquiries concerning the women in the world from whence became, widiing, at the fame time, that he would (lay with her, and be a Kakikoo or chief. He made her to underffand, that t(ie women in her country were all tatoo (man-killers) and if he ffafcd with her (he would kilt him. She replied no; (he would ch-na-row, love him. He faid her people would kill him. She replied no, if he did not fhgot them. He made her to underffand, that nine or ten of the men of this world, had been killed and eaten by her people, though they did not (hoot them. Her anfwcr was, that was a great while ago, and the people came from the hills roa, roa, meaning a great way off". This excited his curiofity to know, if any of her relations were among the murderers; (he fighed, and appeared much affedlcd, when he afked her that quellion. He de- manded if (lie was at the feaff when they broiled and cat the men? She wept, and, looking wifhfully at him, hung down her head. He became ftill more prcfTing as Ihe grew more referved. He tried every winning way that love and curiofity iu^efted, to learn from her what he found flie knew , and wmt (he feemcd fo determined to conceal : but (lie artfully evaded all his queflions. He afked her, why (he wu fo fccret ? She pretended not to undcrftand him. He repeated the fame qucf- tion, at the fame time clofing his eyes and keeping them Ihut. Shecpntinued to yrcep, but made biinnQ an- fwcr. Finding all his pcrfuafionsinefliraual, he turned from her, feemingly in anger, and threatened tu leave her. She caught him round the neck in a violent agi- tation of mind. He afked her what fhc meant, and why (he wept? She faid, they would kill her if (he told. He faid, thev fhould not know it. Then he would hate her. fhe faid. He anfwercd no, but love her more and more, prelling her to his hofi>m at the fame time : upon which (he grew more comixifed, and faid (he would tell him all ftie knew. She then made him underftand, that one Gooboa.a bad man, who had been often at the (hip, and had ftolcn many things, when he came to know that it was preparing to depart, went up into the hill coun. try, to the hippah, and invited the warriors to coma down and kill the ftrangers. 'They at firll rclufcd, fay- inaj, the ftrangers were (Ironger than they, and would kill them with their pow-pow, or fir« arms. He told them, they need not fear, (or he knew where they muft, come befl)rc they departed, in orderto get grafs (or their goury, or cattle, and that on fuch occalions they left their pow-pow behind them in the fhip, or carclcfsly about the ground, while they were at work. They faid, they were no enemies but friends, and they mull not kill men with whom tlicy were in fricndOup. Gooboa Paid, they were vile enemies and wicked men, and com* plained of their chaining him, and beating him, and (hewed them the marks and bruifes he had received at the (liip t and told them brlides, how they might (iicnce their pow-pow, by only throwing «ater over thcni, and then they could not hurt them. Gooboa likcwife undertook to coiidiiifl them in fafrty to the place where the (Irangcrs were to come, and (licwcd thcni where they might conceal thcmfclvcs. till he (liould come and give them notice; which he did. That when the men were bufy about getting grafs, and not apprehending any danger or harm, the warriors rulhed out upon thcni, and killed them, and afterwards dividcil their bodies among them. She added, that there were women as well as men concerned ; and that the women made the fires, while the warriors cut the dead bodies in pieces. That they did not eat them all at once, but only their hearts and fivers; that the warriors had the heads, which were eftecmed the befl, and the reft of the He(h was diftributed among the croud. Havinj^ by various queftions in the courfcof fcvcral da)S, extorted this re- lation, of which, he faid, he had no reafon to doubt the truth, he forbore to alk her, what part her relations and harfelfboiein this tragedy, as there was reafon to be- lieve, they were all equally concerned. He was, how- ever, very folicitous to learn, if any fuch plot was now in agitation againft the people that might befenf, upon the fame fcrvice to Grals Cove, or any other conve- nient place. Her anfwcr was, no: the warriors were afraid at firfl, that the (liips were come to revenge the death of their friends, and that was the reafon w hy (he was forbidden to fpeak of killing the llrangcrs, or to own any knowledge of that incident, fliould fhc be queffioned concerning it. She laid, (lie was but a child, not ten years old; but (he remembered the talk of it, as a gallant adion of great atchicvement, and that ' fongs of praife ucre made upon that occafion. In the courfe of his convcrliition witii this girl, who feemed to be of the fccond clafs, he learned many things con- cerning the natural temper o( the natives, and their do- meftic policy. She faid, the people of T'Avi-Poc- nammoo.or thcfouthern diviflonof the ifland, were a fierce bloody people, and had a natu al hatred to :!i ; :■. (I ;fi I 43* Capt. COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE. li' d anchor again a little without the ifland of Motuare, to wait for a niurr f4Vourab(e opportunity of putting into Cook's Strait. While we Merc getting under fail, the captain gave to Tonutongcauooranuc two pigs, a boar and a fowi and to Matahouah two goats, a male and female, after they had promifcd not to dcltrnv them. As to the animals which Cantain Furneaux had left here, we were told they were all dead i but no intelligence could be obtained concerning thofc Captain Cock had left in Well Hay, and in (.'nnnibal Cove, in his former voyage: however, all the natives we convcrfed with agreed, that poultry arc now to be met with wild in tne woods benind Ship Covci and we were afterwards informed, by the two New Zealand youths, who went away with us, that Tiratou, a popular chief, had in his poflclfion many cocks .ind hens, bcfides a fow. We had not been long at anchor near Motuara^ before feveral canoes, tili; J with natives, came towards us, and we carried on a brifk trade with them for curiofitics. In one of thefe canoes was Kahoora, whom Omiah pointed out immediately to Captain Cook ; and he being the leader of the party who had cut ort" the crew of the Adventure's boat, Omiah folicited our commander to (lioot him. Not fatisfied with this, he addrelFcd him. felf to that chief, threatening to be his executioner, fliould he ever prefumc to vifit us again : but this menace had lo little inHuciicc upon Kanoora, that he returned to us the next morning, accompanied with his whole family. Omiah, having obtained Captain pnok's pennilTion, introduced him into the cabbin, faying, " There is Kahoora, kill him," but fearing, perhaps, he fliould be called upon to put his former de- claration in execution, he inflantly retired. In a (hort lime, however, he returned t and perceiving the chief remained unhurt, he remonftrated to the captain with much earneftnefs, faying, " Why do you not kill him? If a man kills another \n England he is hanged: this man has killed ten, yet you wdl not kill him." Thefe arguments, however plaufible, had no weight with our commander, who defired Omiah toalkthc New Zealand Chief, why he had killed Captain Furneaux's people? Confounded at this qucdion, Kahoora hung down his head, folded his arms and feemcd in expceared, that not a Angle pcrfon had been killed, or even wounded, by the fhot which Mr. Uurney's people had difchargcd. Wc mull here obfervc, that previous to the flitps failing, the crews of both were ordered upon deck, ai ufual, toanfwer to their names, when one, on lioard the Difcovery, was milling. This was the lover, (whofe epifode, having aiieady begun, we fliall now conclude,) who pretended lickncfs, in order to facili^ tate his efca{K- from the fliip. With this view, as foon as he had pafl'ed the furgcon's examination, and the coafl was clear, he dreflcd himfelf in the habit of a New Zealandcr ; and, being tattowed all over, to fay the truth, the copy was not eafdy to be diflinguiflied from the original. Ghowannahe, who was in the fecret, had alTemblcil her friends together, and fent them on board in order to increafe the crowd, which, upon fuch ocrafioMs, when fliips are ready to fail, arc generally prett> I iimcrous. Among this party he found a fa- vouri^'c opportunity to mix, and haflening to their caput, wiicn the decks were ordered to be cleared, they were not long in paddling to fhore. The pleafure which Ghowannahe cxprellcd, on feeing the fliip fet fail, cannot eafily be conceived, but her joy was of thort continuance. In the afternoon, our adventurer's mefs- mate went down to enquire after his health, and was not a little furpri/.ed when no anfwer was returned. Mc thought, at firfl, he might have retired i but on fcarching every where below to no efltdl, he gave the alann throughout the fhip, when it was difcovered, that he had eloped bag and baggage ; and that the cheft he had left in his birth was empty. A nrtifTenger was inflantly difpatchcd on board the Rcfolution, co know how to proceed ; and when the mcflagc was delivered, the two captains and officers were enjoying their bottle. At firtt it only fumiflied a fubjedl of harmlefs plea- fantry ; but it came to be ferioufly debated at lafl, whether the man fliould be fent for back, or totally deferted. Some were in doubt, whether an accident might not have happened : but that doubt was foon cleared up, when it was known, that his cffedls were miffing as well as the man. Mofl of the officers prc- fent were for leaving him to follow his own humour ; but Capuin Cook thinking it would be a bad prc> cedent, and an encouragement could hardly be torn from him, when ready to embar Love, like this, ii only to be found in the regions romance, in thofe enlightened countries, where th. boated refinements of fentimcnt have circumlcril»n> the purity of afTct!Hon, and narrowed it away to mere , conjugal fidelity. He was fcarceon board the cutter, when he recolletf^cd, that he had left his baggage be- hind 1 all that he had provided for laying the founda- tion of his future grandeur. It was therefore necelfary he flmuld ritiri with ihe marines to the magazine, where all hi* (h)ies were dcfwCitcd, and ihefe not a few. Belidcs his working impkmcius, he had a pocket com- pafs, of which he nad thought on fonie future occafion to make a proper ufe. He had alfo a fowling-piete, which had been conveyed away fccretly by Gnowan- nahc. It would be tedious to recouiu the numerous articles that our adventurer had provided. Let it fuffice, that the marines and himfelf were pretty heavily laden ill bringingthem on bo.ird the cutter. It was noon, the next day, £:forehe arrived at the (liips, and the captains began to be in fome fear for the party of mariries, who were fcnt to bring him back. Dcfoie he came in light it "had bcenpropofed totryhim as a d^fertcrj and therefore inllcad of being received in his own fliip, he was ordered on board the Refolution, w here he underwent a long cxamiji&tion, and made a full confefTion of all his views, and of the pains he had taken to bring them to pcrfedtion. He faid, the firll idea of dcfcrtion ftruck nim, when in an cxcurfion round the bay, in which he attended Captain Gierke, he was charmed with the beauty of the country, and the fertility of the foil 1 that Iceing the gardens that had been planted on l.ong I11and,at \^tuara, and other places, in fofiouri(hing a condition ; and that there were European (hcep aild hog», and goats, and fowls, fuflicient to (tuck a large plantation, if colteifled together from the different places where they had been turned lodfc, it came into his head, that if he could meet with a girl that was to his liking, he could be happ^ in introducing the arts of Europe?!! culture into fo hne a country, and in laying the foundation of civil government among its inhabitants. I'his idea improved upon him hourly, and when he happened to meet the girl before men- tioned, who had (eer. him in his tour, and who had toff(>\ted hiinto the tents, and had learnt from herfelf, tliat love had brought her there, it inHamed his deiirc lu'yoiul all boun.ls. .\nd finding her inclination to rieet the wiflicsofhis heart, he no longer hcfitated, but l-yceaine firmly refol.ved, at all events, to yi^ld to the force of inclination. He h.id revolved in his mirtd, he faid, rhe hazard and the reward 1 and had concected Vith CJhbwannahe the plan for his cfcapc. Wnen Captain CiK>k heard his (tory, his refcntmeiu was con- verted into laughter at tlie w ild extravagance of his plan, which he thought truly romantic, and inftcad of trying him for dcfert ion, ordered him on board his own lliip, the Difcovcry, to be puniflicd as Captain Gierke ihoiild rhink proper, >«'ho, on his return aboard, Tent him to the gun 10 receive one dozen of lathes ; and thus terminated all his hopes of being a mighty em^itir. 'The diftref'! of Ghowannahc is hardly to be conceived j left a waieful' fpciflacle, to lament her fate. She exprcC- j' No. 5j. fird ht*f y ef H" piinu(uir4 km, neek, ,1 wKeravcr defiMjF P' MSSMJIy ^tnmt : fo thir fav^ pet ' *. )*t bodies ' ties of the K,. on^ arc n<>t ,.. furceptijile 0/ pain a« thofe ol' » finer texture ; othern're, her perfonal fccIinM .%...» u - 1^... „ ...nt.„ :.. ) „ . _-. .■ . » - ." tin hf npt( (XpOi c, arms and tod » the tb'uc hote to he .. vrri. luKlfc iiK* -' lent of thofe of her ill now take leave of the twoJoven, irtoryt/wr vovMjjr. ven oVi/jck, .\. M. when the Refd. venr a red the cove, snd about ■»fi hor near the ifle of Motutra. r ^ Zealand, c lah had exprefTed if the natives with him to hit iijoi, had in opportunity of sratify. id » youth named Taweiharooa, muft have \Ktn mind, but u and continue tl It wan aSoiii lution and -I)i eleven when thr Before our arri\., t a dellrc of la^in. own country. Hi ;nghiiif nation 1 ^ ...._..„» the only ' .fa vkceai^d chief, offered toaccompany him, an Mk. up his relldence on board. Captain Cook u *d it to be made known to him and all hit friends ,nat if the youth departed with ut^ he would never rrturn. This declaration, however, had no effeAt and this siftcrnoon, Taratoutou, his mother, came on board to receive her laft prefcnt from CMiiah. The fame evening (he and Taweiharooa parted, with all the marks of tender alfei.' .1 a;. i I Hi m 434 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES CUM F LET i: ii which, however, ii never eiceinve, and doe* not Uft above a da^. In (hort, thU would br one of the fincft ruuntriet upon earth, were it not fo extremely hilly i vhich, fuppoling the woodt to be cleared away« would leave it leli proper (br pafturagc than flat land i and in* linitely lcr« lo for cultivation, which could never be cf- i'eiXtd here by the plough. 1'he large trees on the hill* arc principally of two forti. One of them of the (ize of our larmi) Itri, growi neatly after their manner. I'hia fupplicd the place of fpruce in making becri which waa done with a decoc. tionof iti leavei, fermented with Aigar,' or treacle i and thii liquor wai acknowledged to be little inferior to American fprucc-bccr. The other fort of tree i* like a maple, and often growi very large, but ii fit only for fuel: the wood of that, and of the preceding, are too heavy for either malh or yarda. A greater variety •f treei grow on the flati behind the bcachet: two of thcfe bear a kind of plumb, of the llze of pruneii the one, which it yellow, is called karraca, am) the other, which it (ilack, called maiuoi but neither of them had a pleafant ufte, though ccten both by our people and the native*. On the eminences which jut out into the fea, grows a fpccicsof philsdelphus, arid a tree bearing flowers almoft like a myrtle. We ufed the leaves of the Shiladclphus as tea, and found them an excellent fub> itute for the oriental fort. A kind of wild celery, which grows plentifully in almoft tvciy cove, may be reckoned among the plants that were ufcful to us, and aUb another which we called fcurvy grafs. Both foru were boiled daily with wheat ground in a mill, for the fhips companies breakfad, and with their pcafe-foup for dinner. Sometimes thev were ufed as fallad, or drelTcd as greens i in all which ways they arc excellent i «nd. together with the filh, with which we were plenti- fully fupplicd.thcy formed a moft delirablc refrcfnmcnt. The known kind of plants to be found here are bind- wcetl, night-fliadc, nettles, a Hinibbery I'pecdwell, fow- ihiftles, virgin's bower, vanclloe, French willow, euphor- bia, crane's bill, cudweed, rullics, bulrufties, Hax, all- heal, American nieht-lliade, linot-grafa, brambles,' cyc- bright, and groundll-l {-, but the fpecies of each arc dif- ferent from any wc have in Europe. There are a great number of other plants > but one in particular dclcrvcs to be noticed here, as the garments of the natives are jnade from it. It crows in all places near the fea, and fomctimcs a confiuerable way up the hills, in bunches or tufU, bearing yallowifli Howers on a long ftalk. It is remarkable, that the greatcft part of the trees and plants were of the bcrry-bearing kind ; of which, and other feeds, Mr. Anderfon brought away nearly thirty dilTcient forts. The birds of which there is a tolerable good (lock, are almoft entirely peculiar to the place. It would be difficult and very fatiguing to follow them, on account of the quantity of underwood, and the climbing plants; yet any pcrfon, by continuina; in one place, may (hoot as many in a day ai would fervc fcven or eight per- fons. 'The principal kinds arc large brown parrots, with grey heads 5 ^eon parroquets, large wood-piEeons, and ty^o forts of cuckoos. A grofs-beak, about the (ize of a thru(h, is frequents as is alfo a fmall jgrccn-bird, which is almoft the only muftcal one to be found here ; but his melody is fo fwect, and his notes fo varied, that any one would imagine hhnfelf furrounded by a hun. dndiiiirerent forts of birds, when the little warbler is exerting himfelf. From thjs circumlhincc it was named the mocking-bird. There are alfo three or four forts of fmallcr birdst and among the rocks are found black fea-pies, with red bills, and creded (hags of a leaden colour. About the (horc, there arc a few fea-gulls, fome blue herons, wikl ducks, plovers, and fome und- tarks. A fnipe was (hot, differing very little from that fpccicsof birds in Europe. Ipfeds here, are not very numerous: wc faw fome buttcr-fliet, two forts of dra- gon-flies, fome fmall grafs-hoppen, feveral Com of fpidert, fome black ants, and fcorpion-flies innumera- ble, with whofe chirping the woodiiefounded. The fiml-fly, which is the only noxious' one, ia very nume- iWM lKg, which is kept by the natives as a diimcflic animal. N«)r have they any mineral dcfcrving of notice, but a green jafpcr or fcrpent-flone, of whiJn the tools and urna> ments of the inhabitants arc made, '{"his ii held in high eflimatbn among theint and they entertain foin* fuperftitious notions about the mode of its generation, which we could not comprehend: they fay it is takeo.' from a large river tar to the fouthwardt it ladiijpwfed in the eanh in dctschcd pieces like flints, and, like iHmi, the hedges are noverai with a whitifli cru(l, Mofl of the (ifh we taught by the fcine were tle- phant-fifh, mullets, fi>lc», ami flounders > but the na- tives fupplicd ui with a kind of fea-bream, large conger eels, and a filh of five or fix pounds weiirht, called by the natives a mngge. With a hook and line we caught ablackifli filh, called colc-filh by the feanien, but dif. fering greatly from that of the fame name in Eumpe. We alfo TOta fort of fmall falmon.fkate, gurnards, and nurfcs. I'he natives fomctimcs furniOiedus with hake, paracutas, parrot.fifh, a fort of mackarel, and lcu(ht>r jackets I bclidri another, which is extremely fcorce, r the figure of a dolphin, in colour black, and with (irm boney jaws, Thcfe in general, arc excellent to lai; but the fmall falinon, cule-lilh, and niogge, arc fuperior to the others. The New Zcalanders, we mean thofe of them who inhabit ab)ut Qaeen Charlottc'sSound.are a people who appear to be perfciltly fatislied with the fmall pittance of knowledge they have acquired, without attempting in the lead to improve it. Nor are they remarkably curious, either in their obfervations, or their inquiries. Newobjc«ihdo not flrike them with fuch a degree of furprize as one would naturally cxpedlt nor do they even fix their attention for a moment. Omiah, indeca, who was a great favourite with them, would fomctimcs attradl a circle about him; hut thev feemed to liftcn to hisfpeeches, like pcrfons who neither underftood, nor wifhed to underlland, what they heard. In general, they arc not fo well formed, efpccially about the limbs, as the Europeans, nor do they exceed them in ftaturc. Their fitting fo much on their hams, and being de- prived, by tne mounuinous difpofltion of the country, of ufing that kind of exercifc which would render the body ftraight and well-proportioned, is probably the occafion ofthe want of due proportion. Many of them, indeed, are perfedly well formed, and fome are very large boned and mufcular, but very few among thent are very corpulent. Their features arc various, fome refembling Europeans, and their colour is of different ca(\s, from a deepi(h black to an olive or yellowifh tinge. In seneral, however, their faces arc round, their tips rather full, and their nofes, (though not flat) large to- wards the point. An aquiline noTc was not to be feen among them; their e^es are large, and their teeth are commonly broad, white, and regular. The hair, in ge- neral, is black, flrong, and uraightt commonly cut fliort on the hinder part, and the reft tied on the crown of the head. Some, indeed, have brown hair, and others a fort that is naturally difpofed to curl. "The countenance of the young is generally free and open; but in many of the men it has a ferious, or rather fullen caft. The men are higer than the women; and the latter are not diftinguifned by peculiar graces, either of form or features. Both fexes are cloathed alike: they have a garment, made of the filky Qax already mentioned, about five feet in length, and four in breadth. This appears to be their principal manufiiAure, which is performed by knotting. Two cornen of (his garment pafs over their (houlders, and they faften it on the breaft with that which coven the body: it is again faftened about the belly with a girdle made of mat. Sometimes they cover it with dog (kin, or large feathers. Many of them wear mats over this nrment, extending from the (houlders to the heels. The msA common covering. however, is » quaniity ^f fcdgy plant, badly manufac- tured, $ *! ''«' K ?'■■ ■ • I pll ft. ,„f- M? i'^ i-i- IT I' £- '^- 1 l,,^i,«l'* :v:^:v;ifl/ JM '"■»■«. Jjjlj^^ lii' ' ,J : « ^-?.:. .-. -. > . ■ ' %r ■•■1.- -■>i; '"iL ".>■.' ■^it^- i-;v;;.> -lit' 'V ' «. .-i' ., J*! i M ?.**ai.t-,, ''*'"^- ■rtid' ::i( |:.^;>«Huiiafi i : ::.»^ '.!'■ C'OOKN THlkD and LSST VOYaGE-^To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 43^ Cured, Mened toaftring. and thrown oyer the (houl- den, whence it, ^lls down on all Mp to the middle of the thighi. Wh^h they Tat down in this habit, the^r. could hardly be diftinguiHicd front large grey ftonei, if their black heads did not projeartxyond their cover- ings. They adorn their heads with feathers, combs of bone or wood, with pMrI-(hell, and the inner (kin of leaves. Both men and women have their cars flit, in which are hung beads, pieces of jafpcr. or bits of cloth. Some have the fcptum of the note bored in its lower parti but we never faw any ornaments worn in that parts though a twi^ was pafled through it by one of them, to Ihew that it was occafionally ufed for that pur- pofe. We hiw many ftained in the face with curious figures, of a black or dark blue colour; but it is not ccr- tam whether this is intended to be ornamenial, or as a mark of particular diftinAion : the women alfo wear necklaces of (hark's teeth, or bunches of long beads t and a few of them have fmall triangular aprons, adorned with feathers or pieces of pearl-inells, uftencd about the waift with a double or treble fet of cords. They live in the fmall coves already mentioned, fohnetimA in Angle families, and fometimes in com- panies of perhaps forty or fifty. Their huts, which are m general mod miferable lodgine-places, are built con- tiguous to each other. The ben we fiw was built in the manner of one of our countr)' barns, about fu feet in height, fifteen in breadth, and 33 in length. The infide was flrong and regular, well faftened by means of withes, occ. and painted red and black. At one end it had a hole ferving as a door to creep out at, and ano- ther confiderabiy fnuller, feeminely for the purpofe of letting out the fmoke. This, nowever, ought to be confidered as one of their palaces, for many of their huts are not half the fizc, and fcldora are more than four feet in height. They have no other furniture than a few fmall bags or bafkets, in which they depofit their filhing-hooks and other trifles. They fit down in the middle round a fmall fire, and probably fleep in the fame fituation, without any other covering than what they have worn in the day. Filhing is their principal fup- port, in which they ufe different kinds of nett, or wooden fifh-hooks pointed with bone; but made in lb extraordinary a manner, that it appears aflonifhing how they can anfwer fuch a purpofe. Their boats confift of planks raifed upon each other, and faflened with ftrong withes. Many of them are 50 feet long. Sometimes they fallen two together with rafters, which we call a double canoe: they frequently carry upwards of 30 men. and have a lar^e head, ingcnioufly carved and painted, which fcems mtended to reprefent the counte- nance of a warrior, when engaged in the heat of adlion. Their paddles are narrow, pointed, and about fivefbet long. Their fail, very feldomufed, is a mat formed into a triangular. fliape. When the weather wAl not fufl%r them to go to fea, miifcles and fea-ears fupply the place of other fifli. Sometimes, but not often, they kill a few penguins, rails, and fhags, which enable them to vaiv their diet. Confiderabic number of their dogs are alio bred for food s but they depend principally on the fea for their fubfiftcnce, by which they are moft bountifully fupplied. The)r drcfs their fifh by roafling, or rather bakiiu them, being entirely ignorant of the art of boiling, u is thus they alfo drcfathc root of the large fern-tree. In a hole prepared for that purpofe : when dreflcd, they fplit it, and find a gelatinous lubftanc* within, fomewhat like fago powder. The fmaller fern-root feems to be their fuMitute for bread, being dried and carried about with rhem, together with larec quantities of dried filh, when they goTar from jheir habitations. They are as filthy in their feeding as in their ocrfons, which ofien emit a very offenfive effluvia, from the quantity of ereafe about them, and from their never wafning, their heads are plentifully Hocked with vermin, which they fometimes cat. large quantities of (linking train oil, and blubber of feals, they would eager^ devour. When on board the fliips, they not only emptied the lamps, but adlually fwallowed the cotton with equal etgeriiefs, Thou^ the inhabitantt of Van Diemcn'i J , L'an J would not even tadc our bread, thcfe people dc- jvoured it' with thegrcatcfl eagerncfs, evert U'tieii it wai rotten and mouldy. In point of ingenuity, they are not bchinc' ny uncl- .vilized nations under fimilar circumflanccs : ror, with- 'out the afliflance of metal tools, they make every thine by whiclrthey procure their fubfiftencc, cloathing, ana warlike weapons, with ncatnefs, (Ircngth, and conveni^ ence. Their principal mechanical tool is formed irt the manner of^ an adz^ and is made of the ferpent- llone, or jdfper: their chifTcland gouge arc furniflied from the fame material, though they arc fometimes c'om- pofed of black foiid (lone. Carving, however, is the! ^ mailer-piece, which appears upon the itiod trifling things: the omaintiits on the heads Of their canoes; not only difplay much defign, but execution. Theit^ cordage for n(hing-lineii is not inferior to that ih Eng-i. land, and their nets are equally good. A (hell, a bit of flint, or jafper, is their fubftitute for a knife, and a (huk'i tooth, fixed in the end of a piece of wood, li their auger. They have a faw made of fome ja^ed filhcs teeth. fixed on a piece of wood nicely carvMi but thi< is ufed for no other purpofe, than to cut up the bodiet of thofe whom they kill in battle; Though no people arc more ready to rtfent art injury^ yet they take every opportunity of being infolent, \vhert they apprehend there is no danger Of purtifliment; whence it may be concluded, thdt their cagernefs td refent injuries, is rather an cifcdl of a furious dif- pofition than genuine bravery; They are naturally diflruflful and uifpicious, for fuch as are drdngcrs ne- ver venture immeaiately to vifit our (hips, but keep at i fmall diftance in their boats, obfervinc our motions, and hefitating whether they Ihould rifk tncirfafety witH us. They are to the lad degree di(honcd< and deal- every thing within their reach, if they fuppofc they catl efcape dete^ion ; and. in trading, they feetn inclined td take every pofTible advantage; for thty never tfud ari article out of their hands for examination, and feeni highly plcafed if they have over-reached ybu in a bar- gain. Such condudl indeed is not furpriflng, when Hi IS confidered, that there appears to be little fubo'rdina- tion, and few, if any, laws for the puniihmertt 6f tranf- grefibrs. No man's authority extends beyond his owilf family; and when they join at any timc^ for mutual dei fence or fafciy, thofe among them who ate mod emi- nent for valour and prudent condud, are diredlori. Their public contentions arc almod perpetual, fol' war is their principal profcflion, as appears ffoni theit^ number of weapons, and their dexterity in uflng them; Their arms are fpears, patoos, and halbehs, and fome-^ times dones. The fird are from five tb thirty feet long, made of hard wood and pointed. The pjitoo is about eighteen inches long, of^ an eliptical (hape, with a handle made of wood, fione, Sic. and appears to be their principal dependance in battle. The halbert ii about five or fix feet in length, tapering at one end with a carved head, and broad, or^at, with (harp edges, at the other. Before the onfet, they join in a warfong, keeping the exaded time; and, by di^rees, work them- felvesinto a- kind of frantic fory, accompanied with the mod horrid didortions of their tongues, eyes, and mouths, in order to terrify theirenemics. To ti..s fuc^ ceeds a circumftance, that is mod cruel, and difgiacc- ful (b human nature, which is mangling and cutting to pieces (even when not perfedlly dead) the bodies of their enemies, and, after roading them, devouring their flcfh with peculiar fatisfalygamy h allbwedt aniottg thcG: people ^ a^i) it isnqt uncommon fora tnaninhiive two or thre^, wives. The wonieh are marriil^bte at a , very ca,r\y»mt and itthould l^em,thAtone who is un- married, is DMt, in a forlorn (late. She can with diffi- culty get a fubliiRence: at lead (he is, in a g;reat mea- fure^wuhout a prote^or, though in coliftant want of a' powerful oiie. , , ' i Their languaf^ is neither harlh iwr difiiffreeable : and' yet the pronunciation is frequently guttural) and >«^at-' ever equalities are requifite to make a language mi<rds al ufed at Otaheite in ancpther column, the reader U ill be able to judge by what chiiiiges the differ^iicc of dialcA has been tnededJ ' A TABL^ of Scled Wor^s lifed in the Iftands of New Zealand and Otaheite. New Zealand. Mociiga : Epbipe Purrii, purra Makkarcede Hekaee Wycroo Kaoo, matte Eoowha Makoce Ererre Recnga Ewharre Keerahoi Tangau Tott Woho Whaird Nohoanna Mamro Ka ^why «■ ■ ioca Agooanai Geetaia Ewy Taooa Kahait Ema Taeninnahoi Wirre Tahaee Rooa Toroo Faha Reema 6no Hcetbo Wiuoo ■JEeva Ai^jahooet, Ma-tahtte Ma-toM 1 Mah^hoora 3 Otaiiiite. Moera Pepe . Ere, ere Mareede Era Matte, roa Eooha Matou Erairc Ereema Ewharre ErahcH Taata Etoa Woho Oota, oon, Nohonoa Mao Owhy lee loe Aooanai Eetea Ewy. Taooa Tdiaia Ooartta Ninnahoi Ooaro English. . . ; ; J Bed . I > it's :. Builet^ Blatk ' Cold to Chew er eat A Dog's tad r:iUb,dettd .*■• A Fetiude tw> FiJbJmh- ,'?' To By A Haud Miu/e Large > A Mm Male kind > Out, not within Red roRtftdl A Sbatk Stuie Shut 7»Sleep' To-dojt teUuderfiaml IVattr We Where is he While ' Tefttrdof ■ Fmrgot N u M E R a t s. Atahay One Erooa Ti/oo Toroo Tfcyif „, Ahaa . JW Ertma Five Aono Six Aheitoo Seven Awaroo Eif^ Aeeva Nine- ,,'Ahbbroo . ten '\ Eleven twehet (^c.fyprefixit^lheartideMa. i'wHiy Thus COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— to the PACIFIC OCEAN, ficc. 437 leaddrefithe keir tttntwral >flile tribe, a I6wed! aniotig tmankohiitve iiij^Ue at a , ie who is un-: in with diffi- a great knea- int want of a' greeabkrandf il) andM^aU' lage mi'ftcat,' 1 we obfc. red It is not. in:. (n'lanJ^iteMf lual improve- w and in the iatiy of their ilaiyi ahdb^ lah^asps of a, hie MS af- dcifui a'j^fW- ion lias b^h faj^ett, an'd we' 1 or fi«(h lift Ijnj^ words as vadetr will be icc of diaicft he Itfands of TE. NGLISH. 'ack ■ U Crater eat )/V tad alb, dead »- •male '{jh-boat- and bu/e arge * fate ki*f »/, ffor wilbiM ed efidt rark me 1 'eep' >-dt^ il" 11 438 Capt, COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETp. 'J m '^ be about 30 feet in girth, and by its frelbncfs feemed to have been no long time in the water. Saturday the 33nd, the heavied rain began to pour down that the oldefl mariner, in either of the fliips, had ever expe- rienced. It fell in iheets, and, as the wind increalcd, the men in handing the fails, were in the utmod dan- ger of being wafhed off the yards. It continued for fix hours inccflantly t however, mod feafonably for our Scople in the Refolution, where the number of live ocK, as horfcs, cows, goats, and Iheep, had exhauded a large proportion of our fredi water, and we were yet at a great didancc from our dedine^ port. Here the wind began to veer to the E. which had been ap- prehended by many ; who finding our longitude not to incrcafe in proportion as our latitude decreafed, began to fufpe iff i' fi il I i ii ; t Zmtdtm, .Puili^Asd fyu4lta>.MMa, atifi^Knqj'ulmt^J^tfi- JPatemffyterJtatr ■ ■TCA.TBBOO I o.i.S. r^r Lang'. 161. ^SE. W:. liar . .1 J- 81iA:nx> X/rmwueT -7** . mmr^r^ COOK'S THiIlD and LAST VOYAOE-^To «hc PACIFIC OCEAN; &c. 439 CHAP. IV. An attempt made to land m the tfla»d of Mtmgeea, which we were oiligfdto leave ttttviJiled—Obfervalions on the nafi—— Tranfaefims with tbt natives— De/criplion of llie Iflaiid and its iidjatilants — Specimen of their laiit^ititge — The Refolu- tionand Difcnery continue their courfe northward^ Dif cover another ijland, named frtiteeo — Fijitsfrm the natives Ah atcmntof their perfons and drefs — The toaft explored-^LJeutcnanls Core ami Burney, Mr. Andeifm and Omiah fnt mjbort—An account (f their reception— They are introduced to three Chiefs— /I dance of twenty young women — Om'ir.b's apprehenflonof being roafted — The ijlanders fend provifions on board — Further defcription of the natives — Of their double tmoes— Trees and plants— Omiah' s expedient toprevent being detained on Jbtre — W meets with three of his iMnlrymn .—An account of their diftrefsful voyage— Additional rnnarks relative to ll^'ateeo—Otakootaia vijited, and Harvey's {jland A fruitlefs attempt made to land— The two Jbips bear away for the FrietuUy JJJes — Palmer/ion's Ijl.ind touched at Two ijhts defcribed—RefreJhments procured— Arrive at the Friendly Iflor.d'—lntercourfe with the natives of Komango— Arrival at AHnamooka-Tranfaf/ions and incidents there— An account of Amamooku—The Refo/utien and Difcovery froceedto Hapaet. , AS foon aj the fliips were in a proper ffation, about ten o'clock A. M. of the 30th, two boau wcrcfent out to endeavour to find a convenient place for landing. Captain Cook had no fooncr put off in hia own boat, than the two men approached with their canoe, and when along fide of the boat Mourooa, without hcfitalion, llept into her. Omiah, who was wi^h the Capuin, was dcfircd to enquire of Mourooa, where we could land; vtpon which he dirofled us to two places. But we foon perceived, with regret, that ihc attempt at either was iiTipradicablc,on account of the furf, unlcfs at the rifquc of having our boats dt- flroycd. Nor were we more fucccfslul in our fearch for anchorage, as we could find no bottom within a cable's length of the breakers, where we met with from forty to twenty fathoms depth, over (harp rocks of coral. While wc thus reconnoitred the Ihore of Mangeea, the natives thronged down upon the reef all armed. Mourooa, who Itill remained in the boat with captain Cook, thinking, perhaps, that this war- like appearance deterred us from landing, commanded thcnv to retire. A« many of them complied, we imagined, that he was a perfonof fome confequence: indeed, if we did not milunderftand him, he was bro- ther to the king of the ifland. Several of them, infti- gated by curiofity fwam from the fhore to the boats, and came on board them without reftrvc. We even found fome difficulty in keeping them out, and could ftarce prevent their pilfering whatever was within their reach. At length, wlicn they obferved us re- turning to the fhips, they all left us except Mourooa, who, though not without manifcll indications of fear, accompanied the Commodore on board the Refolution. The cattle, and orhcr new objedls that he faw, did not ftrikc him with much furprize ; his mind, perhaps, be- ing too much occupied about his own fafety, to allow him to attend to other things. He fer ncd very un- eafy, and gave us but little new ir' lligence; and, therefore, alter he had continued a f^ : time on board, a boat was ordered to carry hi:.i towards the land. Iq his way from the cabin, happening to (tumble over one of the goats, he flopped, looked at the animal, and alked Omiah, what bird jt was? But not receiving an inuncdiate anfwer, he repeated the quedion to lome of the people who were upon the deck. The boat having conveyed him near the furf, he leaped into the water, and fwam afhore. His countrymen eager to learn from him what he had feen, flocked round him as loon as he had landed; in which fituation they re- mained when we loft fight of them. We hoifted in the boat as foon as (he returned, and made fail to the northward. Thus were we obliged to leave this fine ifland unviflted, which feemed capable of fupplying all o^r wants. It is fituated in lat. 21 deg. 57 min. S. (ong. 201 deg. 53 min. E. This ifland of Mangeea made a mofl delightful ap- pearance; it may therefore cafily be conceived with what rekii3ance we left it. Thbfe parts of its ctnft which fell under our ob(«rvation, are guarded by a reef of coral rock, upunft which a heavy furf is con- tinually breaking. The ifland is about five leagues 3 ' I in circumference, and though of a moderate and pretty equal height, may be feen in clear weather ai the dif^ tance of more than ten leagues. In the interior parts, it rifes into fmall hills, whence there is an eafy defcent to the fliore, which, in the S. W. part, is deep, though not very high, and has fevcral cavities made by the dafhing of the waves againfl a browni(h fand-ftone, of which it con(ifts. The defcent here abounds with trees of a deep green, which feem to be all of one fort, except nearell the fhore, where we obferved numbers of that fpccics of dracaena, found in the woods of New Zealand. I he fhore on the H. W. part, termi- nates in a fandy beach, beyond which the land is broken into fmall chaims, and has a broad border of trees, re- fembling tall willows. Farther up, on the afccnt, the trees were of the deep green above mentioned, w hich fome of us imagined to be the rima, intermixed with cocoa-palms, and a few other forts. Some trees of a higher fort were thinly fcattered on the hills, the other parts of which were covered with fomcwhat like fern, or were bare, and of a reddifli colour. The ifland upon the whole, bus a ple.ifing appearance, and might, by proper cultivation, be made a beautiful fpot. The natives appearing CO be both numerous and well fed, it is highly probable, thai fuch articles of provifion as the ifland prodi;i;cs are found in great abundance; Our friend Mourooa informed us, that they had no hogs nor dogs, though they had heard of both tl:ole animals, but that they had plantains, tare, and bread-liuit. The only birds we obferved, were fome terns, noddies, white egg-birds, and white herons. The inhabitants of this ifland refemblethofe of Ota- heite and the Marquefas in the beauty of their per- fons; and their general difpofltion feems alfo tocor- refpond with that of the firft mentioned people; for they are not only lively and chearful, but are acquainted with all the lafcivious gefliculations pradiced by the Otaheiteans in their dances. We had likewife reafon to fuppofe, that they have a fimilar method of living : for though we had not an opportunity of feeing many of their habitations, wc obferved one houfe near the beach which in its mode of conflrudion, differed little from thofe of Otaheite. It appeared to be feven feet high, and thirty in length, with an open fend, which reprefented an elliphs, or oval, tranfverfely divided. It was plcafantly fltuated in a grove. Thefe people falute ftrangers by joining nofes, and taking the hand of the perfon whom they accoft, which they rub with fome force upon their mouth and nofe. It is worthy of remark, that the inhabitants of the, Pa- laos. New Philippine, or rather Caroline Iflands, though at the diftance of near 1 500 leagues from Mangeea, have a fimilar method of falutation. The language of the natives of Mangeea is a dialedl of that fpoken at Ouheite, as will appe.ir by the fol- lowing lift of words, feledted by the affiftance of Omiah. The agreement between them as to the or- thography is very ftriking; but their pronunciation in Mangeea, like that of the New Zealanders, is ra- ther more guttural than that of Otaheite. A LIST m 'It I •■ I ■lT?t i''*ili 1 •.til 'M mttma 440 Capt. C O O K '• V a Y A C E S COMPLETE. * A List of vot6» uf d in Manif^'ca, and compared with others ufed at Otahcitc, taken from Omiah by Mr. Andcrfon. Manoeea. Otaiieiti. Endmsh. Kooroo Ooroo BreaJ-fruilt Ewakka Evaa ACanof. Ereckec Erce AOsief. Pooroohee ACIub. Taia, taia aoutee Eniitc Cloth or clolb-ptant Eakkarce Arec A Cocoa-nut, Mahcine Mahcine A Daughter. Naoo, mou Etamagec Friend. AFightfOriatt/e. Tamace Mata Myty Good. Manna — Great, orpmverful. Ereckec, manna ■ APaxverful (buf. Ou Wou J. Ooma Taata, or Tangat To Kifs. A Man. a Taata Aourc Aourc No. Hcyhcy — _ A Spear. The Shore. Euta Euta Heetaia matooa Waheine T'ltD llIM Wahcinc 4 R'r o/fff. A IVoman. Oo _____ There. Ehataice Owytaiecoa What is that? Ace Ai Tes. Having taken our departure from Mangeca, we held on our courfc northward, till noon of Monday the 31ft, when the man at the maft-hcad called out land, which was foon anfwcred by a fignal from the Difcovery. It lay in the direction of N. E. by N. didant i o leagues. The next morning, being Tucfday the ift of April, we were abreaft of its north-end, and within four leagues of it. It now had the appearance of an ifland, nearly of the fame extent with that which we had left. Ano- ther ifland, much fmaller, was alfo defcricd right a-head. Though wc could foon have reached this, we preferred the larger one, as being mod likely to fur- ni(h food for our cattle. We therefore made fail for it ; but there being little wind, and that unfavourable, wc were ftill two leagues to leeward, at eight o'clock the fucceeding morning. Soon after three armed boats were difpatched, and one from the Difcovery, under the command of Lieutenant Gore, in fearch of a land- ing-place, and good anchoring-ground. Meanwhile we plied up under the ifland with the fhips. As our boats we re putting off, we faw fcveral canoes coming from the fliore, which repaired firft to the Difcovery, ilie being the nearcft to it. Not long after, three of thcfc canoes came along-fidc our fliip, the Refolution. They are long and narrow, and arc fupported by out- riggers: the head is flat above, but prow-like below; and the flern is about four feet high. We beflowed on our vifitors fome knives, beads, and other trifles ; and they gave us fomc cocoa-nuts, in confcquencc of our having aflted for them ; but they did not part with them by way of exchange, as ttkcy feemed to have no idea of barter or traffic. One of the natives, after a little perfuafion came on board; and two others foon followed his example. They appeared to be pcrfcdly at their eafc, and free from all uneafy apprehenfions. Afler their departure, a man arrived in another canoe, bringing a bunch of plantains as a prefent to our cap- tain, who gave him in return, a piece of red cloth, and an axe. We were afterwards informed by Omiah, that this prefent had been fent from the king of the ifland. Soon after, a double canoe, containing twelve of the iflanders, came towards us. On approaching the fliip, they recited fom« words in concert, by way of chorus, one of them firft giving the word before each repetition. Having finifhed this fenble fea-boati as their inhabitants make ufe of, fuch a meeting, at fuch a place, fu accidentally vifited by us, may be confidered as one of thofe extraordinary and unexpedtfd fituations, whichllrikea curious obferver with wonder and ama/.rmcnc. 'I'he mutual furprilc and pleafure with which Omiah and his countrymen engaged in converfation, may ealily be imagined. All were equally impatient! thev to hear Omiah's advcn- turei, and Omian to know theira. Their (lory, ai re- lated by themfelves, is a very affedlng one. They laid, that about twenty perfons, male and female, had embarked in a canoe at Otaheite, with an Intention of croHlng over to Ulieteai but they were prevented by contrary winds from reaching the latter, or returning to the former ifland. A dreadfid tempeft drove them into the main ocean, and the fea, continuing to run mountains high, wafhed overboard fome of the women and children, who pcriflied before they experienced any further diftrcfs : that, after three days, when the ftorm abated, thofc who remained found themfelves in an unknown ocean, with little more proviflons than were neceflary to ferve them a very Ihort times that, having no pilot to dired their courfe, they continued (o go Before the wind day after day ; and, their IhKk of Erovidons being exhauded, they (uH'ercd inconceivable ardihipi: that, their number gradually diminiflied, worn out by famine and fatigue: that, thofe who fur- vived had nothing but the lea-weed which they found floating in the fea, and the water which they faved when it rained, to keep them alive: that, ten days havm^ clapied, and no land in fight, defpair took place of hope, and fcvcral, unable to Uipport the pangs of hunger, jumped overboard in their phrenzy, and perilhed by an cafier death) and the groans of the dying, and the ter- rible agonies with which fome were aifeded before death came to their relief, exceeded all dcfcription. In this melancholy fituation they had cxilled for thir- teen days, and how iriuch longer they could have no rccolledion, for they were taken up infenfibleof pain, and hardly to bediuinguilhcd from the emaciated bo- dies of the dead among whom they were found, fecm- ingly without life or motion, till by the friendly rare of their deliverers they were renorecl. When they were recovered, they faid, it was like waking from a dream : they knew not where they were, nor how they came upon land ; but being told they were taken up at fea, and in w^at condition, a< their fenfcs gradually re- turned, they by degrees recollciflcd all the circum- ftances already related : they added, that ever fince they were brought to life, they had remained with their deli- verers, and were now quite reconciled to their condition, and happy in the fituation in which the Etooa, or good fpirit, had placed them. Four men had furvived, one of whom had fince died : and the namca of the three, now living, are Tavce, Otirreroa, and Orodoute i the former was bom at Huaheine, the fecond at Ulietea, and the latter at Otaheite. Omiah, after hearing their relation, with which he was apparently much anedlod, told them, that they might now take the opportunity of returning home with him; that he would intercede for them, and that he was fure, if they chofe it, the chiefs of the expedition would grant his requeft. They thanked Omiah for his kindnefsj nor had they any rea- fon to fuppofe, that fuch an offer would ever be made .t'i:cm agams but they were now determined to end their days with the people who had reftored them to fecond lifct and as their dearefl relations and friends were of the number of thofe who pcrifbed, the return to their native country would only renew their grief, and iflftead of affording them pleafure, would increafe their melancholy. Tlic .ipplic-itioin of ihi^nainitive is obvious. It will fervt tn t'xplalr< . in a iiHin- fntisf'ac- tory manner than thr rtimlV com eiiturcs of ifK-culaiive realcmers, how thedctaiheilpan- of thr ttoilJ, and, in particular, the iflamls of thr Ps( ific (Vein may have iKen firft peopled; thofc cfpoially thiii lie at a confi- drrahledifiance from each other, or from any inha- bited nortth rtxes,were driven, by ( onirar) \» inils and ten>})eftuou» weather, ( n the Illc ot .S;itnal, one of the Philippines, alter having Ikcm tolled alvwit a'!.a(tvinty days, and having performed a voyage, Iroin an illand, called by them Amorlot, joo kagiiis ro ihi.- I-jU o/' Saiual. Five of the niimlur who embarked, din! ol the hardfliips fullered during ihi» extraorJinaiy paf- fage. In 1721,1*0 canots, one containing 114, the other 6 perfons, men, \u)men, and thilitun, wcie driven from an ifland, they called I'arroilep, northward, to the ifle of Giiam,dneot the l.ndruiU'.s, or M.irianncj: but thefe had not failed fo far an their countrymen, who reached Samal, as above, ami they h:ul been at lea only 70 days. There feems ro be no reafon to doubt the authenticity of thefe two relations. 'I'he information contained in the letters of the Jefiiits, about thrfc iflaiids, now known under the name of the ( aroline«, and diicovercd to the Spaniards by the arrival of the canoes at Samal and Guam, has been adopted by all our later writers. The natives of this ifland rail it Wateccxj. It is fituated in the lat.of 2odeg. 1 min. S. and in the long. of 201 deg. 45 min, I'',, and is about 6 lengiicH in cir- cumference. It is a beautiful fpot, with a furface co- vered with verdure, and compofed of hills nnd plains. The foil, in fome parts is light and fandyi but lurthcr up the country, we faw from the fliip by the alFiftancc of our giaffes, a reddilli call on the riling grounds. There the iflanders build their hoiifes, for we could per- ceive fcveral of them which were long and fpacious. Its produce is nearly the fame with that of Mangeea, the ifland we lad quitted. If we may depend on Omiah's account of what he learned from his three countrymen, in the courfe of cnnverfation, the man- ners of the people of Wateeoo, their general habits of life, and their manner of trciting II rangers, greatly re- fembic thofe that prevail at Otaheite, and its neigh- bouring iflands. There is alfo a great fimilarity between their religious ceremonies and opinions. From every circumllance, indeed, it may be confuiercd as indubit- able, that the inhabitants of Wateeoo derive their de- fcent from the fame Hock, which has fo remarkably dirtufed itfcif over the immenfe extent of the Southern Ocean. Omiah alTuied us, that they dignified their ifland with the pompous appellation of Wenooa no tc Eatooa, implying a land of Gods, efleemmg them- felves a nrcc of divinities, poflcfTed with the mirit of the Eatooa. Their language was well underltood by Omiah, and equally fo by our two New Zealandcrs who were on brwrd. Though the landing of our gentlemen was the means of enriching the hifloiy of our voyage with the foregoing particulars, yet the princip.il objedl in view was partly unattained ; for we procured fcarcely any thing worth mentioning from the ifland. Indeed it appears from the circumflances already mentioned, that Wateeoo can be of little ufe to any Ihip wanting refrelhment, unlcfs in the cafe of the moft abfolute ne- cefiity. The natives, knowing now the value of fome of our commodities, might be induced to bring off fruits and hogs to a Ihip iTanding off or on, or to boats lying off the reef, as ours did. ft is doubtful, however, if any frefli water could be procured. For. though fome was brought in ctKOa-nut (hells to the gentlemen, they were told, that it was at a confiderable diflancc; and, probably, it is only to be met with in fome ftag- nant pool, u no running ftream was any where to be feen. , Calh)s and light airs, having alternately prevailed during the night of the ^d of April, before day-break an eauerly fwell had carried the Refolution and Difco* very fome diftance from Wateeoo, but having failed of {tfocurin^ i 1! 444 Cai)'. C U O Ki V C) Y A G L S C O M I' L li I K. f ! ' * r 5 u* It M CrocuriniK, al that place, thv fiipplir* we wantrti, vc :lt it withotit rrurrt, ami llrrrrd lur (he illanil thai had bcrn difcovrrcil ny iii ihrrc dayi hrlorc. Having a ccntle brce/c at K. we got up with it by ten oVlotk, A. M. on ['riiliiy, the 4(h, wnen captain Ck iinnic- diatcly difnatchrd Mr. (iorc w iih two boati, to fee il hr rould laml. and get fubliltincr for our rattle. Ihotigh a reef furrnundcd the inml hire, n* at Wateeoo, and • confidrrabic fiirt' broke a|{ninll the rn<'ki, nur boats ro foonir reached the welUlide of the ill.ind, but thr|r ventured in, and Mr. r.)re and hi* party arrived fale on Ihore. (japttin Cook feeing from the fhip they had fo far fucccedcd, fent oti a fmall boat to know if far- ther afTinanccwa* required. She waited to take in a lading of the produce of the ifland, and, therefore, (lid not return till three o'clock in the afternoon. tk'> ing cleared, (he wn* fent again for another cargoi at thefanie time the jolly boat wai alfo difpatched ii{>on the fame bufmcfi, with order* for Mr. Gore to return withthcboat* '«fore night, which order* were punc- tually obeyed. 'I'he fupply obtained here wa« about 300 cocoa-nut* for ourcompaniri, and for our cattle a quantity of grnf*, with foinc leave* of the pandanus. Thi* latter being of a foft, fpongy nature, the cattle cat even the branchet when cut uito Imall piece*, which ore very juicy. Thi* illand liei ne.-irly four league* from Wutecoo, the inhabitant* of which call it C)takoot»ia. It is in the latitude of 19 dr^. 15 min. fouth, and the long, of ?oi deg. 37 mui. K. and i* fuppofed not to exceed three miles in circuit. It i* entirely delhtutc of *ateri and cocoa-palm* were the 01 'y common tree* found here, of which there were feveral tluftrn. We faw numbers of the whai ra, a* it it cailetl at Ota- heite, or the pandanus of the Fall Indie*. W'c linind iikewife the callophilliiin, furiana, with a few other (hrubs : alfo a fort of bindweed, treacle .lutliiril, a fpe- ciei of the fjiurye, and the nioiioda cinitolin, the fiuit of which laft is fometimes enten by ihe natives of Ot.t- hcite. Omiah, who Lindcd with the party, drcllid fomeof it for their dinner, but they thouglit the iiic-Cs a very indifTcrcnt one. A be.iutiful cuckoo, of a chef- nut brown, variegated with black, was the only bird fecn among the trees j but, upon the Ihore, were a fmall fort of curlew, blue and white herons, (bmc egg bird*, and great numbers of noddies. One of the company caught a li/ard running up a tree: though fmall. it had a moft forbidding afpciit. Many of ano- ther fort were alfo feen. Intinitc numbers of a kind of moth, elegantly fpeckled with black, white, and red, frequented the bulhcs touurds the fea. Some other forts of moths, pretty buttcrHics, and a few infers of a different kind were obferved. .'\t this time no fixed inhabitants were fecn upon this illand; but we difco- vered a few empty huts, which convinced us of its being, at leaft, inhabited occadonally. Monuments, condlting of feveral large flones, were credled under the Ihaoe of fomc trees: wc faw alio fome fmaller ones, with which feveral places were inciofed, w here we fuppofed their dead had been buried. In one place we found a great many cockle-fliclls, of a particular fort, finely grooved,and larger than the firftj from which it was conjcdlured, that the illand had been vifited by perfont who fometimes feed on fliell-fifti. Mr. Gore left a few nails and a hatchet in one of the huts, for the ufc of thofc who might hereafter touch at this ifland. It may.pcrhaps, lurprize, and fecm incredible to fomeof our readers, when they are told of fo many iflands abounding with inhabitants, who fubfifl with little or no water. Yet, true it is, that few or none of the little low iflands between xht tropics have any wa- ter on the furface of the ground, except perhaps in a lagoon, the water (}f. which itgenc^lly brackifh; nor is it eafy to find water by dicing. The feft is, the fruits of the earth are their chief rood, and the milk of • thccocoa-nutferves them for drink. They want no -water to drefs any part of their food, for they knew not the art of bojiing till the Europeans taught them, 'nor had they a vcflTel fit for th&purpofe; neither have they atty occanon for wafhing their cloaths, the mate- -riak'of which they are nftde, being of the paper kiit^. will not bear wnlliiiin. Salt wafer thcwforc «nrv«f it their piirpole uiili Miy little lieni,und adds a iilifli to their firti 1 in whiih tht-y dip alnioll every mouthful thry e.it. This ill a great mcitfurc accounts lor their fulililling without water. ifising hoiltcd inthelMiita, we nude fail again to the northward, rrfolvmgto try our (oriuncat ilervry't Illand, difinverrd durti'g i aptiin C.'cH'k'n former voy- age, in 177), and nonud from Mr. I laivey, the M\ mate of the L deavmir. Sunday, the 6th, at day break, we c.-imc in lif.ht of it, at thedillanrc of about three leagues. Aboui eight o'clock we obferved feve- ral canoes cdiiiing from the fliore towanl* the fliipt. We were rather furpri/ed at this circumflance, ai no traces or fii;ni of inhabitants were feen when the il|aad wan lirrt iliftdverijl; thiK, indeed, minht be owing to a brilk wind that then blew, and prevented theij ca- noes fiom venturing out. As we advanced nearer to the ifland, fix or feven double canoes immediately came near us with from fix to three men in each of them. At thediflanrcof about a llone's-'hmw from the fliip they flopped, and it was with ilitliculty Omiah pre- vailed nn them to come alontj. lulci hut thev could not be iiuluifil t') trufl themlelves on boartl. Indeed, their diforderly behaviour did not indicate a difuo- fition to trull, or to treat us well. They aitcnipud to fleal fome onrs out of the Difcovcry'ii boat, and llruck a man ."or endeavouring to prevent them. They alfo cut away a net containing mear, wbiili hung over the ftern of that fliip, and at liiil would not rellorc it, though they afterwards permitted us to purchafe It from them. Thofc who were alxiut our fliip, the Re- folution, hcliaved eciiially difoiderly and daring i for with a fort of hooks, made of a long flick, they openly endeavoured to rob us of feveral things, and aduailv ^.- tairt Cook immeJiarely difpatched lieutenant King, with two ariticd boaii, to found, and reconnoitre the coaft. The boat! were no fo«»ner hoilled out, than our new vifltora fufpendcd their traffic, pulhing for (Imre M (aft ai jx)llible, and cume no more near in. The bMti returned at three o'.;loclc, and Mr. King in- tnrnwtlthe Captain, that he could find no anchorage |»)r the Ihipii ami that the bo.it* i ould advance n» f.ir- therihan the outer edge of the reef, which wan almolt a quarter of a mile from the (hore. That a number of the nativet came upon the reef armnl with clubs and longpikea, meaning, a:i he fup|)ofed, to opp'fc hit landtngi though, at the fame time, they threw lotoa- rut* to our iieopic, and requelUd them to land: yet, wifsviihftanding this feemingly friendly treatment the women were very atilive in bringing itewn a Iri-fli fup- ply of dart* and ffwari. Ihi* report having uiten into rontidcraiion, it wai concfuded, that, at we could not bring the Ihipt to an anchor, an attempt to procure gr.il'4 liere would be attended with delay and danger. Being thut dilapiwintcd in all the iflanda after our leaving New Zealand, and having from va- riety of circumrtancct, U-en unavoidably retarded in our progreft, it wat in vain to think of doing any thing thit year in the high latitude* of the northern hemi- fphere, from which we were fo fur diftant. thtnigh it W.M now the feafon for oiii opcrationt there. 1'hua fituated. It was ntccflary to purfue futh mcafuret at appeared bcft calculated to prelcrve our cattle, and lave the ftoret ond provifiont of the (hip«i the better to enible uitopiolecutc our northern diftovoriet, which could not commence till a year later than was intended. If we could fortunately have procured a fupply of water and graft, at any of the iflandt we had lately vi- fitcd, we intended to have Hood back to the S. till we had got a wefterly wind. But without fuch a fupply, the certain confcquence of doing thit, would have been the loft of the cattle, before it was pITible for ui to reach Otaheite, without gaining a lingle point of ad- vantage refpeiting the grand objeA of our voyage. The Captain, therefore, determined to bear away for the Friendly Iflei, where he knew he could be well fup- plied with every thing he wanted 1 and it being necef- £iry to run night and day, he ordered Captain Clerke to Keep with inc Difcovery right a-hcad of us, becaufc that (hip could bcft claw off the land, which we might pollibly fall in with in our palfagc. Bearing away, therefore, we fteered W. by S. with a fine breeze. It was propofed to proceed firu to Mld- dliburgh, or Eooa, thinking we might have pfovifion enough for the cattle, to lalt till we ihould arrive at that iflanu. But the next day, about noon, thofc faint breezes that had fo long n-urdcd us, again returned 1 and we found it ncceflary to get into the latitude of Palmerfton's and Savage inands, which captain Cook difcovercd in 1 774 ; that, in cafe of necelTity, rccourfe might be had to them. The weather continued vari- able, and though plenty ef rain fell every day, yet it wu found advifcable to obtain water by diftillation, to be ufcd for every purpofe for which it was fit. The ftill wu kept at work a whole day; during which time we procured about 15 gallons of frclh water. It was apt to difcolour the meat in which it was boiled, and to tindlure every thing with a^difagreeableblacknefst but our crews preferred it to rain-water, on account of the tarry tafte communicated by the latter. Light breezes condnucd tin Thurfday, the loth, at which time the wind blew fome hours freih from the N. and N. W. In the afternoon we had fome heavy rain, attended with thunder fquallt. Wecolle^edas much rain-wateras filled five of our puncheons. When theic fqualls had blown over, the wind was very unfcttled, till the next day at noon, when it was fixed at N. N. W. and blew a frefh breeze. Sunday, the 11th, at day-break, we came in fi^tof Plilmerllon'a Illan'!, betring W. by S. at the dulanceof abqut ( leaguv*^ bucdidiipcgetupwith it No. 54. till the 14th, at eight o'clmk A. M. We now difjiatched three bnatr, and one from the Oifcovery, with a ;>ro- fier officer in each, to feanh lor a convenient 1 nding place I we being, at thi« time, un«ler ait ahlolu'onecef- (Itv of procuring here fome pr«>\e.idor for 01 r cattle, or wc niiiH certainly have loll them. What i* 'illed here l»aluierfton's iftand, conlilli of a group of fimill illott.ahout nine or ten in number, connected together by a reef .if coral rockt, a>id lying in a circular direr, tinn . The boatt firft examined the moll ^ith-eal>crl*r illot, and not fucceeding there, ran down to the ftcond, where they immediately landed. Wc now bore down with the Ihipt, till we were abreaH of the place, where we kept nnndingolf uiuion, there being no bottom to be found to aneivor up«in. Thit, however, wa* of no material confequencc, as there, were no human bciiiga u(Hiii th* illamf, except the party who had landed from our boars. One of thtfc returned at one o'clock, laden with fcurvy^grafi, and young cocoa-troet, which wat^ At this time, a mort excellent repart for our nnimalt on board. A melFage wat brought from Mr. Ciore, who commanded the party on thit cxiKdition, infotming ut. that the ifland abounded with the produce of which he had fent ui a fainple, and alfo with the wharra.trce and cocoa-nutt) in confekjuencc of which the Captain refolved to procure a lufticient fupply of thcfe ufeful articles, before wc quitted our ftation, and accor lincly he went afliore in a fmall boat, accoiilpanied by the Captain of the Difcovery 1 where they found, to thei* fatisladion, every one hard at v;ork. The landing place of thit illot is a fmall creek, formed by the reef, of rather more than a boat's length in every direiHion, and covered from the force oftht fea, by rocks projeiTHng on each fide. The illot itfelf is fcarcely a mile in circuit ; and not above three feet higher than the level of the fea. It appears to conlift ol a coral fand, with a fmall mixture of blackidi mould, produced from rotten vegetablet: yet, this poor foil is covered with trees and bulhes of the fame kind as thofe we had fecn at Otakootaia or Wenooa-eite, though not in fo great a variety. We perceived a great number of mo^-of-war-birdt, tropic*birds, and two forts of boobies, which were now laying their ' fifl, and fo excee iingl^ tame as to permit us to take tnem off their nclh, which confill only of a few fticka loofely put together. Thcfe tropic birds differ cfTcn- tially from the common fort, ocing of a beautiful white, (lightly tinged with red, and naving two long tail-feathers of a deepifh crimfon. Our people killed a confiderable number of each fort, which though not the moft delicate kind of food, were highly acceptable to us, who had been a long time confined to a fait dicL We faw plenty of red craM creeping about among the trees; and caught feveral fi(h, which, when the (<» re- tired, had been left in holes upon the reef. At one part of this, which bounds the lake within, almod even with the furface, there is a large . bed of coral, which affords a ino(t enchanting profpedt. Its bafe, which is fixed to the (hore, extends fo far that it can- not be fcen, fo that it appears to be fufpended in the water. The fea was then unruffled, ana the refulgence of the fun expofed the various forts of coral, in the moft beautiful order; fome parts luxuriantly branching into the water; others appearing in vaff variety of figures; and the whole heightenra by fpangles of the richeft colours, glowing front a number of larse dams, interfperfed in every part. Even this delightful fceaie was greatly improved by the multitude of filhes, that gently glided along, feemingly with the molt perfcA (ecunty. Their colours were the mod beautiful that can be imagined, blue, yellow, black, red, &c. far ex« celling any thing that can be produced by art. The richnefs of this (ubmarine srotto was incrcafed greatly by their various formi t and the whde could notpodi- bly be furveyed without a pleafing tranfport, accom- panied, at the fiimetime, with regret, that a work fo aftonifbingly elegant (houM be concealed in a place fo feldom explored by theh -iDun eye. No traces of any inhabitants having been here, we^ dil^veiud. We faw, indeed, a piece of a canoe, upon tifl beach, but 5 U "^ ^ thjt IP k '\ I . I 446 Capt. COO K'8 V O Y A G E S COMPLETE. ,1 i' ( 'I ! I this might have been drifted from fume other iftand. We were rurprif(^. In iw ever, at perceiving fomefmall brown rats on this little fpot, not cality accounted for, unlcfs wc admk the poMibility of their being imported in the canoe of which we faw the remains. The boats, when laden, returned on board, with the two captains, leaving Mr. (}orc and, his party to pafs the night on (hore, to be ready forbuHnc^ the next morning. Tuefday, the 1 5th, liice the preceding day, was fpent in colledling fubfidence for the cattle, conlilHng prin- cipally of tender branches of the wharra-trce, palm> caobage, and young cocoa nut trees. A fuincient fupply of thefc having been prowred by fun-fet, the Captain ordered all the people on board: but, hrving very little wind, he determined to employ the next day, by endeavouring from the iflot to the leeward, to get fdme cocoa-nuts for our people: to this end wtrliept Handing off and on all night; and about nine o'clock in the morning, wc went to the weft fide of the iflot, and landed from our boats, with little dilTiculty. The people immediately were employed in gathering cocoa- nuts, which we found in the greatcft plenty; but it was a tedious operation to convey them to our boats, being obliged to carry them half a mile over the reef, up to the middle in water. Omiah, who accompanied us, prefently caught with a fcoop-net, as many |i(h as fup. plied the party O0 fliore with a dinner, belidcs (cndiiw a quantity to each fliip. Men-of-war and tropic birds were found in abundance, fo that we fared moft fump- tuoudy. Inthefe trips to the.uninhabited iflands, Omiah was of the greatcft fervice to us. He caught the fiih, and dreflTcd them, as well as the birds we killed, after the fatliion of his country, with a dexterity and chear- fulncfs that did him honour. Before night, the boats made two trips, and were each time heavy laden : with the laft, the Captain returned on board, leaving our third lieutenant, Mr. Williamfop, to ;irepare ano.her lading for the boats againft the next morning. Ac- cordingly about feven o'clock they were difpatched, and returned at noon. No delay was made in fending them back for another cargo, with orders for all hands to be on board by fun-fet. Thcle orders being punc- tually obeyed, we hoifted i^i our boats, and failed to the weftward, with a light breeze froip the north. This laft iflot, which we now left, is foniewhat larger than thf other, and almoft covered with cocoa-palms. The other produdliona were the fame as at the firft iflot. On the beach we found two pieces of board, one of which was rudely carved, and an eliptical paddle. Thefc were, perhaps, a part pf the fame canoe, the re- mains of which we had feen on the other beach, the two iflots being within half a mile of each other. There were not io many crabs here as at the laft place, but we found fome fcorpions and infeds, and a much greater number of fifti upon the j-ecfs. Among the reft were fome beautiful large fpotted eels, which would raife themfelves out of the water, and endeavour to bite their purfuers. There arc alfo fnappers, parrot- fifti, and a brown fpotted rock-fifli, not larger than a fmall haddock, fo tame, that it would rcmam fixed, ^nd gaze at us. If we had been really in want, a fufficicnt fupply might eafily have been had, forthoufands of the clams ftuck upon the reef, many of which weighed two or three pounds. There were alfo fome other forts of fhcll-Rfli; and when the tide flowed feveral fliarks came with it, fome of whiph were killed by our peo- !>le; but their prefence rendered it, at that time, un- afc to walk in the water. Mr. Williamfbn and his party, who were left on ftiore, were much peftered in the night with mufquitoes. Some of them fliot two curlews, and fame plovers on the fliore: one or two cuckoos, like thofe at Wenooa-ette, were alfo feen. .Thefc iflots, comprehended under the Jiamc of Pkl- mcrfton'f Ifland, may be faid to be the fummits of a reef of coral rock, covered only with a thin coat of (and; though clothed with trees and plants, like the low grounds of the High iflands in this Ipacious ocean. They are fituated in 1 8 de^, 11 min. S. lat. and 196 dee. E. long, from Greenwich. We now fleered W. in brdcf to make Annamooka,, or, as It is called by the Dutch, Rotterdam, who firft dif- covcrcd it. We had variable winds with fqualls, fome thunder, and much rain. The ftowcm being very co- pious, we faved a confiderable Quantity of water; and as we could procure a greater fupply, in one hour, by the ram, than by diftillation in a month, ,wc laid *Iic ftill afide, as beinj^ attended with more trouble than ad- vantage. The heat^ which had .continued in tJie ex- treme for about a month, became much more difagrec* able in this clofe rainy weather, an 1 we apprehended it would foon become noxious. It is remarkable, that there was not then a fingle perfon fick on board cither of the fliips. On Tuefday the sand, wc had clear weather, butagreat fwellfronuhcS. a fure ptefage of an approaching ftorm; which foon came on, and in- crealed to fuch an alarming height before night, at>- tended with thunder, lightning, and rain, with a tre- mendous fea, that brought the Difcovery under bar« poles till morning appeared. She then made fail un>. der clofc reefed top-fails; and, about eleven at nigh*, narrowly efcapcd running on fhore on Savage Ifland. The man at the maft-head calling out land, they foco, dark as it was, got fight of it clofc on their lec-boWk ftcermg dircdUy for it. They inftantly put about, and fired a gun as- fignal for the Refolution (then to windward about half a mile) to do the fame. So nar- row an efcapc made a ftrong impreflion on the fhip'i company, who, thoughtlefs as fcamen arc, could not help looking up to heaven with thankful hearts for fo fignal a deliverance I As foon as it was light the next morning, we faw this execrated ifland at the diftanceof about four leagues. Savage Ifland was difcovered by Captain Cook in 1774, In the night between the 34th and 25th we pafled it; and on Monday, the 28th, about ten o'clock A. M. we faw the iflands to the caftwatd of Annamooka, bearing N. by W. about five leagues dif- tant. Wc fteered to theS. and then hauled up foi: Annamooka. At the approach of night, the weather being fqually, with win, we anchored in fifteen fathoms water. Immediately two canoes paddled towards us, and came along fide without hdiution. Four men vf re in, one of the canoes, and three in the other. They brought with them fome fligar-canes, bread-fruit, plan- uins, and cocoa-nuts, which they bartered with us for nails. Afjertliefc canoes had left us. we were viiited by another, bat njght approaching, fliedid not continue lopg with us. The neareft ifland to us was Komango, five miles diftant to, which, at four o'ckx:k, the next morning, lieutenant King was difpatched with two boats, in order to procure refrcfliments. At five, fignai was made to weigh, to proceed to Annamooka. .Whcii day-light appeared, we were vifited by fix or feven ca- noosj bringing with them two pigs, fome fowls, feveral large ,)frood-pigeons. fmall rails, and fome violet cc k)urcd coots, belides fruits, and roots »f various kinds, which they exchanged w ith us for nails, hatchets, beads, &c. They had other articles of commerce, but captain Cook gave particular orders that no curiofitics fhould be purchafed, till die fliips were fupplied wit"h provifions, and they fhould have permiflion from him. About jioon Mr. Kir\g's boat returned with feven hogs, fome fowls, a quantity of fruit and roots: al*^. fonne grafs foe our animals. His party was trei'r<.;a with great civility at Komango. The inhabitants did not appear to be numerous; and their huts, which almoi^ touched each other, were but indifferent. Toofaxxi^ lahgcc, the chief of the. ifland. and another, namei Taipa,came on board with.Mr. King. They brouchc a hog, as a prdent to our Captain, ai)d promifed to bring.K greater numbar the next day. The boats be- ing aboard, we flood fdr Annamooka-ette, (or little An- namookt) and the breakers at the SJpL but on draw- ing near, we met with very irrwular mindingt, which obliged ut to rdinquifli the dei^, anfl so to the fouth- wara. This carried us to Icei^-ard, and we founds k ' neceflary to fpend the night under fail. It was dark and rainy, and we had the wind from cverf dire^ion. The next rooming, Wednefiiajr^ the 30th, at day-light^ we were iartheroft' than #e luid been the ]^ecediH«'' eyeoiq(^ ;>nd tha wind Was nogr right iA dnr'teMli;' «ho firft dif- fqualis, fome ring very co- ' water; and »ne hour, by >wc laid:f])c ible than act- in tJieex> ore difacrce^ prchenckd it irlcablc, tbat board cither ve had clear re prrfage of on, and in* re night, at>- with a trc- under bare kade fail un>- en at nighr, vage Ifland. d, they (ban, leir lcc-bovK| put about, ion (then to le. So nar- >n the fhip'a c, could not hearts for fo ght the next tc diftance of ifcovered by > ecn the 34tli :2 8ch. about ; eaftward of : leagues diC aulKliip for the weather been fathoms towards us. Four mea i other. They d-fruit, plan* 1 'A'ith us for were vifited riot continue as KomangOj, :k, the next cd with two \t five, fignal xtka. .When or fevenca- owls, fcveral Tie violet CO' arious kinds, Is, hatchets, mmcrce, but \o curiolities ipplied witlt in from him. h fcven hogs, s: al*^. fomc trcirui with tants did not vhich almoin t. Toobou^ Cher, named "hey brouohc promifedto he boats be- ^or little An- ut on draw- lings, which) tothefouth- we founds k It was dark try direction. It day-liffht; e tirecediHtf: kAk'ttttiK' •r. vK^, Kr, ( . .J B' ■■inwll ; ri'f J 1- 1 .m M M , mm |;J J mil 1 )■ mi ii w i Skit .i innW-ffB" 3'*:" ••»..■>»(» »ir;. v.''Hii'f -**/»i^'-*^''* ■'^ '4 f il^k^ / ;'lS! .1 T !';':W * ..- '•'M .:. ilii ^' I ii ;'Sei;Jtl, ; ^ i.i^ .,-v4 :l I 4-' •* :^tlf«\,;j^K;tjM^ &*i ., .fj MV ti- ^^V.<,»^^?ff4* .'J^' :*r;S "9^ ^l^ffi^* ^- ■ t ' ..J.-. i J. ' Ail ' iM l lJJItfl 'W! Hi; -?' ,■'. h %:t ?«ft*j'- 'rtf n ..•.?■• i,.r • Vv?' COOi^'i T^IRP v4 LA8J VOYAOE^To the PAC^IC OCEAN, &c. 447^ We continued to ply dte whole d^r, to very little pur- pofej and, in the evening, unchoied in 39 fathoms water; tlje weftrpoiht of Anaamooka bejtfing EvN. E. four milc« diftant. Toobotilanoee and Taipa, agieeahle to their promife. hrotightofF fome bOR>i and we ob- taincd outers, by barterii^ /rom the different canoes that feUowed us, and a Urge quantiiy of fruit. It is lemarkaUe, that thoTe who vifited the (hips that day, would hardly pan with any of their commodities to an/ one but Capuin Cook. (>i Thurfdsy May the ift, a boat was hoifted out, and the mafter was ordered to (bund the S. W. Itde of Annamooka. When he returned, he reported, that he Md founded between Great and Little Annamooka,. where he found 13 fathoms depth of water: that the {>lace was vf ry well (heltered from winds i but that re(h water was to be had oiJy at a confidcrable dif- tance inland; and that even there it was neither plcnti. ful nor good. For this good reafon, it was refolved to anchor on the north.(tde of the ifland, where, in the captain's former vOyase, he had found a a convenient place for watering and landing. Though not above a league diftant, wt did not reach it till about five o'clock inAe afternoon, being reurded by the quantiiy of ca- noes that crowded round the (hips, laden with abundant (upplies of the produce of their ifland. Several of thefe canoes, which were double, had a large (ail, and carried bttween 40 and (o men each. Several women were alfo in them, incited, perhaps, by curiofity to yifit US; though they M%re as eager as the men in Inrtering, and ufed the saddle with equal (kill and dexterity. We worked into the road, and call anchor in 18 fathoms, the ifland extending from E. to S. W. three quarters of a mile diftant. Thus Captain Cook re- lumed the (btion which he had occupied when he vifited AnnaipoOka three yean before; and probably where Tafman, who firft di(covered this ifland, an. chored in 1643. We had now been juft 60 days in a pafTage, which in a diro^ courfe could not have exceeded ten, and had been expofed to fevere trials, owing to fonir faulity in purfuing a track which there was not a fe iman aboard who did not difapprove. It feemed to have no objed of difcovery in view, as we fell nearly into the (ame which Captain Cook had formerly navigated ; nor did we meet with afingic ifland, which one or other of our late voyagers h|d not feen or vifited in their different hiuts. How it happened is not cafy to be accounted for, as it was next, to a miracle, that any creature on boArd die Refolution remained alive to reach our pre- &nt harbour. Had not the copious rains that fell dlmoft im;cflant]y, (i-om the tim^ that we pafled the tropic tUl our arrival here, fupplied us with a daily confumpl^n of water, not only the animals, but the men muft have pcrifhcd. Happy were we now, how- ever, in finding ourfelves on a friendly coaft. We forgot the dangers we had efcaped, and thought only of enjoying with inexpreffible pleafure the fweeu of thefe happy iflands, whole (pontaneous piodudions perfume the air to a confidcrable diftance with a fra- grance inconceivably reviving; and whofe plantations exhibit a richnefs of profp<^ as we approach them, owing to the beautiful intermixture of the various blofibmi, with the vivid green leaves of the trees, of whkh the moft animateddefcription can afford but a fiiint i^. Add to theile, the tufted clump* whkh adorn thelittlfc riluw hills, that appear every where in- terfperfed delightftiily among the veidant Uwns, and rich, low, furrtxindii^ vallies. Nothing in nature can be more tdeafing to the eye, or more gnucfbl to the fenfe. We were no fooncr moored in the harbour, than «t werefi n ro Mi l d e d widiinmtmeiable little boats, or canoes, nw^CurioiiAy conftruifled and ornamented ; the fid«awiditpa|i(h that furpafled the blackeft ebony, and the decfca: inlaid with mother of peari and tortoi(e- (hdl, cwid to the beft CaMnets of European manufac- ture. In this kind of workmanfbip, thofc iflanders feem to- excel. Thtte wagoiu of war, their clubs, the paddles of their boats^ and even their fifh-hooks «i|f poii^ «nd iidaid with vsriegatcd OuHh t>y ta '■ • ■ . 1- ' infinite' acoumulation of which their fliores »c tnar> gined. and'4mong them our naturalifts (bund iome, o{ tuperlative beauty. Thefe boats generally heldthfci; perfoiu,^d, under their decksj which take up ttyj) thirds of their length, they brought the fruits of thcie plantations', and the manufadures of their cpuntiy* which confifted of a great variety of ufcful thiim, and others omaniiennil. Of the firft fort, befld(;s cloth 0$ different fabrics^ were combs, fifli-hooks. lines, pet$t needles made of bone, thre^, purfes, caliboflip n^ade of reeds, fo clofely wrought as to be waterore attention thereto, with the various operations of the artificers who were at work on their refpeSiveemploymenu. The facility with which tho boat-buildeiB peiformed their work actradled particu. larly their notice: when they beheld the labour of » year with them performed in a week, by a lefs number of hands, .their aftoni(hment was beyond conceotiont nor were they lefs amazed to fee large timber cut throurii the middle, and fawed into plank, whUis they were ^p^tors, which they had no means of cHeding in their ifland in many days. The chiefs on fliore, in return, endeavoured to entertain our gentfemen: they feaftcd them, like tropical kings, with barbicued hogs, fowls, and with the moft delicious fruits, Afixr dinner, they introduced their mufic, and duncers, who were (hiefly of the theatrical kind, and excelled in t^ility, and varied attitude*, many of the capital performers in Europe. A fiirt of pantomime fucceede^ in which fome prize-fighters di^layed their feat* of amis i *nA I this part of the dnum concluded with* Nnoroorreto prdlematioii 448 C»p«. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. t Hi f' f II '^ prcfcntation of fome laughable fttiry, which produced among the chiefs, and their attendants, the moft iin- modcrue mirth. The fongders came htt, the me- lody of whofc voices was heightened b^ a kind of ac- companymcnt, not unufual in the earlieft ages, among tlie politcft nations, as may be learnt from antient paintings, where the fingers and dancers arc reprcfcnt- cd with flat clams or (lielis in their hands, fnapping them together, to harmonize their tunes, and regulate their movements. Though this farcical exhibition was infipid to us, it was not wholly without its ufe, in mai Ic- ing a fimilarity of manners among mankind, at the dif- tanre of half the globe, and at a period when the arts of civil life were in their infimcy. Who knows, but that the feeds of the liberal arts, that have now b^en (own by European navigators in thefe happy climes, may, athoufand years hence, be ripened into maturity ; and that the people, who are jufl emerging from ignorance into (cicnce, may, when the memory of thcfe voyages are forgotten, be found in the zenith of their improvements By other adventurers, who may pride themfelves as the firft difcovercrs of new countries, and an unknown people, infinitely fupcrior to thofc, who at that time, may inhabit thefe regions, and who may have Ion their boated arts, as we, at this day fee, among the wretched inhabitants of Greece, and the dill more miferahlc Haves ofEgyptian bondage. Such arc the viciflitudcs to which the inhabitants of this little orb are fubjcd ; and fuch, perhaps, are the virilTitudcs which the globe itfcif mull undergo before its final diflblution. I'o a contemplative mind, thefe iflandii prefent a mortifying fpcclacle of the ruins of a broken and defolatcd portion of the earth ; for it is impoirible to furvey fo many fragments of rocks, fome with in- habitants and fome without, and not conclude with the learned Dr. Burnet, that they are the cffccls of fome early convuliion of the earth, of which no memory re- mains. Captain Cook having fettled every thing to his fatis fcdlion, returned on board in the evening, leaving Mr. King in command upon the illand. I'aipa was now become our trully friend, and, in order to be near our party, had a huufe carried on mens (houlders, a quar. ter of a mile, and placed by the tide of the llied which our party occupied. On Saturday the 3d, our various operations on fliore began. Some were bufied in making hay, others in filling our water-ca(ks, and a third party in cutting wood. On this day MeiT. King and Baily began to obferve equal latitudes of the lun, in order to get the rate of our time-keepers. In the evening, Taipa ha- rangued the natives for (bme time, but wc could only guefs at the fubjet^l, and fuppofed he was inflruding them how to treat us, and adviling them to bring the produce of the illand to market. His eloquence had (he dcfired cffciJt, and occalioned us to receive a plcnti- ful fupply of provifions the day following. On the 4th, the Diicovcry loft her fmall bower anchor, the cable being cut in two by the rocks. On the 6th, wc were vifited by a chief from Tongauboo, whofe name was Fccnou : he was introduced by Taina in the charader and ftile of king of all the Friendly Iflcs. Captain ■ Cook was now informed, that, on our arrival, a canoe had been immediately difpatchcd to Tongauboo with the news, which occaiioned his coming to Annamooka. We were alfo informed by the oflicer on ihorc, that, on his arrival, all the natives were ordered out to meet him, who faluted him by bowing their heads as low as his feer, the folei of which they touched with the palm of each hand, and afterwards with the back part. A pcr- fonage received with fuch extraordinary marksof refpcd, could not be fuppofed iefs than a king. In the af- ternoon, our captain went to pay a vifit to this great man, having fim received from him a prefent of two filh, brought on board by one of hia attendants. Aa foon as the captain landed, Fecnoii came up to him. He was tall and thin, and appeared to be about thirty years of age. His features were more of the European cad than any we had feen here. A'ter the firft falutation, Capuin Cook icquelled to know if he was kingi as he 4 entertained tbmt doubts on that fcore, perceivii^ he was not the man whom he remembered to have feen in that charadier during hit former voyage. Taipa an- fwered eagerly for him, and mentioned no Iefs than 1 53 iflanch, of which, he faid, he was the fovereign. Soon after, our grand vifitor, attended by five or fix fervants, accompanied us on board. Capuin Cook made them fuiuble prefentt, and enteruined them in a manner which he thought would be mod agreeable to them. Towards the evening the capuin attended them on (hore in his boat, into which, by order of the chief, three hces were conveyed, at a return for the prefents he had received. We were then informed of an accident, the relation of which will convey fome idea of the extent of the authority exercifed here over the inferior fort of people. While Feenou was on board the Refolution, an mfirrior chief ordered all the natives to retire from the poft they occupied. Some of them, however, having ventured to return, he beat them moft unmercifully with a large ftick. One, in particular, received fo violent a blow on the (ide of the face, that the blood gulhed from his mouth and nof- trilsiand, after lying motionlefs for fome time, he was removed from the. place in convulfions. The favagc who gave the blow, on being told, that he had certainly killed the man, only bughra at the circumflance, and, indeed, it was very evident he did not grieve for what he had done. We had afterwards the fatisfadion of hearing, that the poor fultcrer was out of danger. On the 7th, being Wednefday, the Difcovery having found her fmall bower anchor, fliiftcd her birth ; but not till after her beft bower cable had met with the fate of the other. This day Feenou dined on board the Re- folution ; and alfo on the next, when he was attend- ci by Taipa, Toobou, and fome other chiefs. Taipa only, however, was permitted to nt at table with Feenou, or even to eat in hit prefence. The captain was highly pleafcd on account of this etiquette; for be-' fure the arrival of Feenou, he had generally a larger company than he cholc, his ubie being crouded with vifitors of both fexes. For though at Ouheite the females are denied the privilege of eating in com- f.-iny with the men, this it not the pradice at th« ricndly Idands. A large junk axe having been (lolen out of the (hip by one of the natives, on the (irft day of our arrival at Annamooka, application wat made to Feenou to exert his authority to get it rcftored; who gave ordera for that purpolc ; which cxaAed fuch implicit obedience, that It wat brought on board before wc had finiflied our dinner. We had many opportunies of remarking how expert thefe people were in thievery. Even fome of their chiefs were not afliamed of practicing that art. On the 9th, one of them was dctcded carrying out of the (hip the bolt belonging to the fpun.yam winch, which he had carefully concealed under his cloaths : for which otfcnce the captain fcntcnccd him to receive a dozen la(hes, and to be confined till he paid a hog for his liberty. Though, afber this cir- cumftance we were troubled with no more thieves of rank, their fervants and flavet were condantly employ- ed in this dirty bufinefs ; and they received a flogging with as much fceming indifference, as if it had been upon the main-mafl. W^en any of them were caught in the ad of thieving, inflead of interceding in their behalf, their maflcrs would advifc us to kill them : but as ve were not difpofcd to be their judges and execu- tio.iers, they generally efc.iped without any kind of punifliment: (or we thought them to be alike infcnfible of the fliame and torture of corporal cha(li( he was COOK'8 THIRD and LAST VOYAGE--T0 the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 449 iJhMM on on fliore. confiding of fifli, foup, and yams : cacoa-nut liquor had been ufcd inftead of water, in which the fifh had been boiled or IVewed, (perhaps in a wooden vcflcl with hot Hones) and it was brought on board in a plan- tain leaf. Captain Cook tailed of the mefs, and was fo well plealed with it, that he afterwards ordered fome fi(h to be drtfled in the fame way ; but though his cqpk fuccecded tolerably well, it was much inferior to the dilh he attempted to imitate. Sunday the nth, we removed from the Ihore, the obfervatnries. horfes, and a variety of things we had landed, intending to fail as foon as the Difcovery Ihould have recovered her bed bower anchor. Hie live ftock which had been landed the day after our ar- rival, on a fmall ifland, about half a mile from the ihore to graze, were amazingly recovered : from per- fed (keletons, the horfes and cows were grown plump, and as playful as colts. On the 1 3th, the tents were llruck, and Mr. Philipfon, lieutenant of marines, loft all his bedding, by the careleflhcfs of the centinel, who received I a lalhcs for neglcdl of duty. In the mot-n. ing, the Iong>boat was found fwamped, and all the Qern (heeu, and fevcral other articles belonging to her rnilTing, and never recovered, for which the marine, who had the care of the watch, was fevcrcly puniflied. Fecnou, hearing that the captain meant to proceed to Tongataboo, earnelllv entreated him to alter his plan; expreflingas much avcrfion to it, as if, by di- verting him from it, he wiAied to promote fome par- ticular intered of his own. He warmly recommended a group of iflands called Hapaee, lying to the N. E. where he aflUred us, we could he ealily and plentifully fupplied with evciy refrefhmcnt; and even oifered to attend us thither m pcrfon. In confequence of his advice Hapaee was made choice of; and as it had not been viflted by any European veflcl, the furveying it became an objedl to Captain Cook. On Tuefday the 13th, Captain Qerke's anchor was happily recovered ; and on the morning of the 14th, we made fail, and left Annamooka, with a fine breeze, wind N. £. courfeW.S.W. Notwithflanding this ifland is fomewhat higher than the other fmall ifles that furround it, yet it is lowef than Mangeea and Wateeoo ; and even thofe are but of a moderate height. The ihore where our ihips lay, conftfls of a deep, rugged, coral rock, about nme or ten feet high, except two fandy beaches, which are defended from the fea, by a reef of the fame fort of ■ rock. In the centre of the ifland is a fait water lake, about a mile and a half in length, round \Vhich the ground rifes with a gradual afcent, and we could not trace its having any communication with the fea. On the rifing pans of the ifland, cfpecially towards the fea, the foil is cither of a blackifh loofe mould, or a reddifh clay ; but there is not a dream of frefli water to be found in any part of the ifland. The land is well cultivated, excipt in a few pUces t and, though fome parts appear to lie wade, they are only left to recover the drcngth exhauded by condant culture ; for we often faw the natives at work upon thefe fallows, in order to plant them again. Yams and plantains form their Jirincipal plantations ; many of which are very exten. iye. Mid enclofed with fences of reeds about fix feet high. Fences of lefs comjpafs vere often feen within thele, furrounding the houfcs of v^t principal people. The btcad-fruit and cocoa-nut-trees are interfperfed without any regular order, but principally near the ha- biutions of the natives. The otherpartsofthe ifland, cfpecially towards the fe» and round the lake, are co- vered with luxuriant trees and buflies { among which are a great miny mangroves and faitanoo- trees. All the rocks and dones about the ifland are of coral, ex- cept in one place, to the right of the fandy beach, where there is a rock of about 15 feet in height, of a calcareous done, and of a yellowifh colour; but even here. Tome laige pieces are to be feen of the fame coral rock as that which cpmpofes the diore. We fome- time? amufed ouifelvesby walking up the country and fljootiag wild ducks, refembling our widgeon, which arc very numerous on the fait lake, as well as- on the No. 55. pool where we procured our water. We found, in thefe excurfions, that the inhstbitantH frequently da ferted their houfcs to repair to the trading place, with- out entertaining the lead fufpicion, that drangera would take away, or dcdroy, any property that belonged to them. From this circumflance it might be fup- pofed, that mod of the natives were fometimes cdl- teded on the beach, and that there could be no great difficulty in forming an accurate computation of their number ; but the continual refort of vifitors from othef iflands, rendered it impofTible. However as we neve^ faw more than a thoufand perfons collc Meeting ^Foutabt and Feenou—Favourailf reception of our teople at Tongataiit, t» whant. the natives refort from all parts — An exatrjhn- to Mareewagee — A dejcription of the village where the chiefs fffide—A curims vatrk rf art—Procefs read.fruit, vams, phntain*. and, every kind of fruit the ifland produced, ^bich thqr exchanged for broken slaCs, red and blue bceds, hatchets, knives, nails, Ihretfi of fcartet doth, or indeed uiy thing we offered them. Here 6ur friend Feenou auiimed the fame conl^uence as at Annunodu. He brought along-fide hu canoe laden with four large hpgs, bread- fruit, and fliaddocks, a fine odorifcnus fruit, in finell and tafle not unlike, a-lemon, but larger and rounder. He brought likewifc yams of an enormous fize, weighs ing fiom 50 to 60 pounds each. Feenou and Oouah having come on board in order to introduce our com- nmnder tothe natives of the inand.he foon accompanied them on fhore for that purpofe. Tlic chicfcondudted the capuin to a hut, fituated clofe to the fca-beach, which was brousht thither but a few minutes before for his re- ception. InthisFeenou.Omiah, and Captain Cook, wer6 feated. The other chiefs and the multitude appeared fronting them on the outiidet and they slfo feated them- fel ves. Capuin Cook being afkcd how long he intended to flay, fiiia five days. Taipa was, therefore, ordered to fit by him, and declare this to the people. Hereupon he harangued them in words nearly to the following furport, as we were afterwards informed by Omiah. le exhorted both old and young, to look upon Gap- tain Cook as a friend, who meant to continue with them a few days t and that, during his Itay among them, they Would not (leal any thing from him, or offend him in any other manner. He informed them that it Was expeoed they fhould bring hogs, fruit, &c. tothe fhipa : tor which they would receive fuch articles as he enumerated in exchange. Soon after Taipa had delivered his addrcfs to the alfembly, Feenou left them t on which Captain Cook was informed by Taipa, that i( was neccflanr he fhould make a prefent to Earoupi, the chief of the ifland. The captain being not un- prepared for this, gave him fuch articles as far exceeded his expedation. This liberality created fimilar de- ntands from two chieft of other ifles who were prefent, and even from Taipa himfelf. Soon after he had made the lafl of thefe prefents, Feenou returned, and ex- preffcd his difplealure to Taipa, for fuffering the cap- uin to be fo lavifh of his fiivours. But this was doubt- lefs a finefle, as he certainly adlcd in concert with the others. Feenou, having refumed his feat, ordered Earoupa to fit by him, and haraneue the jpcople as Taipa had done, which he did nearly to the fame pur- p6fe. Thefe cerenxmies being over, the chief, at the captain's requefl', condudted him to three flagnant poob of, what he called, frefh waterj in one of which the water was indeed tolerable, and the fituation convenient for fillii^ the cafks. When the chief returned to his former ftatibn, he found a baked hog and fome yams fmoaking hot, ready to be conveyed on board for his dinner. He invited Feenou and his friends to paruke of the repafl, and tb^ embarked for the fliip, thougl) none but himfelf fa: dowq with us at tabic. Dinner being over, the capuin condudcd them afliore { amK before he returned, received as a prefent from the chie^ a fine laiige turtle, and a quantity of yams. We had a plentiful fupply of provilions, for. in the courfe of the day, we got, by bartering with the natives, about so fmall hqgs, together with a large quantity of fruit vcA 100^ Sunday the 1 8th, early in the morning, Feenou and Omjlah, who now, with the chief, flept on fhore, came aboard to icqueft Capuin QocU's jprelence uptm thie ifland. He accompanied them, and upon landing, was conduced to the place where he had been featii^tw- preceding day, aiul where he beheld a laiige concbiiiff of peepie ahxady allinnbled. Though we imagined fbmethii^ ■> I.:— urnat tMer- tJuHtt Ifftd andftmt"^ nds, tmd rt», Pwlaht Md txtttrfitm- H llwring ehtb Mnts-~Tl>e trt ides art IffcripUm tf * tifiorjhm Utttfaibe the tfed through « our com. icomuanicd nductedthc uich, which e for his rc- Cook.wert le appeared ntea them- he intended , ordered to Hereupon e following by Omiah. upon Gap- ttinue with (lay among m him, or >rmcd them I, fruit, &c. fuch articlea Taipa had 11 left them t aipa, that if o Earoupa, ing not un- ar exceeded fimilar de- xre prefent, e had made ed, and ex> ng the cap- was doubt- crt with the at, ordered e as w e lame pur- :hief, at the gnant pools 7 which the I convenient mcd to hit feme yams •ard for his s to partake lip, thougl) Ic. Dinner ihoret and, m the chief. We had a ourfeof the s, about 30 of fruit and Feenou and Biore, came e upon the on laodiiig. » featipS the- se cone«>uife re imagined fiNBet|iiK I i ym"' ■hU.: ^'■■■:^. ... '^%a. (■t i»; •iA try, to nuke themfelves mafters of the civil policy of the inhabitanu. Indeed it ii next to impolTible in a fhort refidencc amoi^ them. As we obfervcd no fuch medium as money, by which the value of property is afcerttined, it was not eafy to difcover what elfe they had fubftitutcd in its room, to facilitate the modes of traffic among themfelves. That each had a property in the plantation he poflcired, we could plainly dil- cemi and the chiefs were ready enough to point out their poiTefTions, the extent 'of which gave them con- fequence, as among other civilized nations; but tw. fuch thing as circulating property ucing difcovcrabie, by the hoarding up of which, and laying it our occa- fionallv to advantage, one might purchafe another's landed or fubllantial properly, wc could not inform ourfelves fuflicieiuly, by what means the filhcrmaii purchafed his canoe, or the boat-builder his materials, vet there cannot remain a doubt, but that the boat- builder had an intcrcll in his boat after it was built, as well as the chicl in his plantation, after it is inclofcd and cultivated. With us all was carried on by bar- ter, and an imaginary value fixed on every article. \ hog was rated at a hatchet, and (o many bread-fruit, cocoa-nutd, and plantains, at a firing of beads t and fu in like manner throughout i but among themfelves, we faw no fuch vali-c by way of barter. SVc dH not ob- ferve fo much fruit given for fo many tilli ; nor fo many combs, needles, or ufcful materials, lor a certain pro- portion of cloth I yet, doubtlefs, fome mode of ex- change there mull be among ihem i for it is certain there is no fuch thing as money, at leaft, none that wc could difcern: neither could we difcover any di(lin(fl property, which one man claimed more than another m the forefts or woods j but that every man, like us, cut what he wanted fur ufe, ami was under no limita- . tion for fuel. Salt, which is fo neceflary an article in European houfe.keeping, is wholly unknown to thefe tropical iflanders. Feenou having expreflcd a defire to fee the marines perform their exercilc. Captain Cook ordered them afiioreon Tucfday the 20th. They went through their military manoeuvres, furroundcd by thouiands of the natives, who were frightened at the hrit liring, and fled like herds of deer from the report of the guns; but findii^ no harm enfue, they took cour.ige, and rallied at a diflance j but no pcrfuafions could pre- vail updB them to oane near. After they had gone throu^ various evolutions, and fired feveral volleys, the chief in his turn, enteruined us with an exhibition^ performed with an exadnefs, and agility, far furpafling what they had feen i.^ our military movements. It was a kind of dance, pcrtbrmed by men, in which tos perfons were engaged, each having an inllrument in bis hand, refembling a paddle, two tcct and a half long with a thin blade, and a fmall handle. With thelc inftrumenu various flouriihes were made, each of wlHch was accompanied with a diflerent movement or a difterent attitude of body. At firll, the dancers ran^ themfelves in three lines, and fo changed their ftauons by dififerent evolutions, that thofe who had been in the rear came into the front. At one part of the performance, they extended themfelves in one line» afterwards they formed themfclvcs into a feiiii circle' and rilai into two fquare columns. During^the lafl movement, one ef them came forward and performed an antic dance, with which the entertainment ended The nuifK that accompanied the dances was pro^ duccd by two drums, or lathcr hollow logs of wood ftotn which they forced a few varied notes, by beatinxr r thma «ith wo IHcks, The dancers, howevtr dt* iiOltppear to be much aflifted or diroiled by theft founds, but by a chorus of vocal mulic, in which all the performers joined. Their fong was rather melodi- ous. HA 4 ii i r> 4i* Opt. COOK'i TOYAOES COMPLETE. I i » ■' |t : r. J^U JIBM— JWl out. and their corrtfponding inocioM wen lb flulAiUy executed, that the whole bodjr of duiccn eppcand u «ne regubur machine. Suck a peribmiaiice would have been applauded even on a European theatre. It lar exceeded any attempt that we had made to entertain them I infomuch that they feemed to plumu dicmfeivet on their fuucrioriiy over ua* They liked none of our mufical inttnimcnti, except the dnuni and even they thought that interior to tneir own : our Fitnch horni they held in the highelt contempt, and would not pay the fmaUcft attention tu them, either here, or at any other of the iflanda. To give them a more fiivourable Sintondftheamuiiementt.and fuperior attainmcnu of e Englifli. Capuin Cook ordered fome fire-worki to be prepaitdi and after it was dark, exhibited them in the prefeiKe of Feenou, and a vaft multitude of people. Thcv wcfe highly entertained with the diTplay in ge- neral I but our water and flcv-rockeU aAoniflwd than beyond all conception i and they now admitted that the fcale wai turned in our fitvour. This exhibition, however, ferved only ai an addi- tional ftimulu* to urae them to proceed to frcQi ex- ertions of their finguwr dexterity i for ai foon aa our Are-worki were ended, a fucceuion of dancea, which Feenou had prepared for our enteruinment, began. A band of muiic, or chorus, confifting of 1 8 men. feated Ihemfelves bct(>rc us, in the centre of a circle tbrmed by the numerous fpedators. About four or five of the performers had each pieces of large bamboo, from three to lix feet in length, each pbycd on by one man, who held it alniofl vertically ; the jpper end whereof w>as open, but the other clofcd by one of the joints. They kept conftantly fthking the ground, though flowly, with the clofc end, and thus produced a variation m the notes, according to the different lengths of the in- ArunKnu, butall wi re of the bafe or hollow kind i which was counteracted by a ^crfon who Itruci; nimbly a piece of the fame fubftance, fplit, and lying upon the ground, furnifhing a tone as acute, as the others were grave an»J fokmn. The whole of the band (in- cluding thofe who performed upon the bamboos) fung a flow loft air, winch to finely tempered the harfher notes of the inftrumcnts, that the moll perfe^ judge of the modulation of fwcct founds, would confefs the great power, and plcafing cffed of this iimple harmony. About a quarter oi an hour after the concert began, 20 women entered the circle, whofe hands were adorn- eJ with garlands of crimfon flowers; and many of their pcrfons were decorated with leavea of trees,, curioufly Icolloped, or ornamented at the edges. Thev encir- cled thofe of the chorus, with their faces towards them, and began by finging a foft air. to which refponfes were made by the chorus i and thofe were altematclv repeated. The women accompanied their feng with many graceful motions of their hands^ and continual, ly advancing and retrcatii^ with one foot, while the other remained fixed. After this, dtey turned their faces to the alTcmbly, and having fung fome time, re- treated flowly in a body, and placed themfelvea op- poliic to the hut, where the pnitcipal fpedaton (at. One of them next advanced from each fide, paflins «acb other in the front, and moving pragRfTi^rely tifi they came to the reft. On which two advanced fivm each fide; two of whom returned, but the other two remained ; and to diefe. from each fide, came one by intervals, till they had. once more, formed a circle about the chorus. I^ii^ to a quicker meafuic Pfm fuccccdid, in whiich the pertqrmers made a kind of htdf tiim fay lewingi then dapping their hand^. and fiuip. ping their hnprs. repe^ed fopie words in unifba yvi^ Qwcfaorus. As tbf y proce?4ed in thp daace, *e I*, udity of their nuific mcre|pvh«Pf»*9 ■«*»» i^lfolay the aftonifhii^ varicrr «f their mmimqimr. This female ballet was fiK;ceedcd.by.- pet^tedly. making fomr ludicrout remarks on our fire> works that had been exhibited, which extorted a burfl of laughter from the crowd. We had then a dance by the attendants of Feenou : they formed a double row oHf 24 each round the chorus, and joined in a gentlefooth- ing fong, accompanied with motions of the Ta/fAt and hands. They alfo began with flow movemei^ts, which gpidually became more and more rapid,, and clofed finally with fevcral very ingenious tmnfpofitions of the two circles. The fcltival of this memoralilc nig^ cofKluded with a dance, in which the principal people aflifted. In nuny rcfpcdu it rcfemblcd the preceding ones, but tliey increafed their motions to a prodigioua quicknefs, fhaking their heada from (boulder xa (itoulder. infomuch that they appeared in danger ofilK* kcating their necks. This was attended with a c1ap« Eot the hands, and a kind of (avage lliriek. A Ml on one fide, repealed fomething in a truly mu- rvciutive, and with an air fo graceful, as ndghc Btfome of our applauded performers to the biufh. e Y** anfwered by another, and this was reiwated (fveial times by the whole body on each fidct and they (Mlbed, by finging and dancing, as they had begut^ The two lafl duces were approved univerfally by the fpefUtors. They wercvperfKUy in time, and fome 9f tneir gefturca were (b«xprcffive, that it might ju(tly be faid, they fpoke the laiwuage tluit accompaniei thenif The thai.cre fat th^ exhibitions and performances vm m qpen (JMce amoi^ the trees, bordering on the feS| with tights jplacicd at finall intervals, round the infid* ig^ the circle. Though the concourfe of people waa pret^ Jaine, their number wu much inferior to that aflaimcdln the (brenoqn, when the marines perfortiw ed their cxercilc. At that time nuny of our gcntleine9 ifurapfed there miglK be prefent 5000 per&M or up* «araai,lMit the capuin thought that account rather cx« ••srsw ed to have robbed tbem of but little pf their agiU- They were diipo(ed in 9, bat of circle, divided j|t | f^dtutSAtit the 3ift, a chief went on hpardiht JCKIcpveiy, and prefentcd her captain with a targe, i^jraaiit nesd'^lrefs, onyimented with pearU/fliells. add red fjUthfn, and wreathed with flowers.of the moft^ro* ' •' ■* ' fplenacQt i^* I 1 1 II n ' ! 3 ^ 'M a ■ } ^ \^ 4. •< ,.T''»''* j^V £ ;^ > i' ■i«' I - . ^Itt^^tjBJ V-^- I "S, , ■-<; t i^ I .■M'^ "t i-^-'ii ■^ i: I ii i ! -% % X-v'v?' M-.^L'>«' n'^:vJ»;: 1*^; ^ii' II '. n • IHi ii'i i "•'m;',:, » ■ ■ , ^ :nr i^M..# ' ■^•■•♦Tl'' i'.* 1 V .;;^-^ ■'^ iff ■'■^^^it ^•^.%;.7^%;'^ v., ..„,»,.. «.^ ■ '■■■ •''^t5^Mr?;':'''!» *■ ^ Splendent colours. In return. Captain Gierke loaded him with many ufeful articles of European manufac- ture, knives, Iciflars. Taws, and f jme gaudy firings of beads, which were highly prized by the chief, who thought it no difgrace to paddle himiclf on (hore, with his nch acquifitions. This 6>sy Captain Cook made an excurfion into the ifland ot Lefot^a, which, in fomc rcfpeds, was found to be fupcrior to Annamobka, the plantations beincnotonly more numerous, but alfo more cxtenfivc. Various parts of the country near the fea are ^aftc, owing perhaps 10 the fandinefs of the foil : but in the internal parts of th? ifland, the foil is betterji and there the marks of population, and of an improved ftate of cultivation, are very ronfpicuous. Many of the plantations are cnclofcd in fuc'n a manner, that the fences, running parallel to each other, form fpacious public roads. Large fpnts, covered with the paper- mulberry-trces, were obfcrved ; and the plantations, in general, were (locked abundantly with fuch plants and truit-trees as the inai\d produces. To thcfc we made fnme addition, by fowing the feeds of melons, pump>- kins, Indian-corn, &c. At one place was a hoiiic, four times as large as the ordinary ones, with an extent! ve area of grafs bcfoKit, to which the people probably refort on * fbmc public occafions, particularly in the rainy fcafons. Near the landing-place we obfcrved a moimt, two or three feet high, whereon flood four or live little huts, in which the bodies of fomc pcrfons of dirtindion had been interred. The ifland is but fcven miles in length, and its breadth, in foine places, is not more than three - miles. Theeaft-fide hasa reef, projciitingconfidcrably, againfl which the fca breaks with great violence. It is the continuation of this reef that joins Lefooga to Foa, which is but half a mile diflnnt ; and. at low water, the natives can walk upon this reef from one ifland to the other. The fliorc is either a fandy beach, or a coral rock. When the Captain returned en board from his cxcurflon, he found a large failing canoe faflened to our flern. In this came Latooliboul.i, or Kohagee-too Fallangou, (one perhaps the name of the perfon, and the other the defcription of his rank or title) whom the captain had feen, during his lafl voy- age, at Tongataboo, and who was then fuppofed by him to be the king of tliat ifland. He could not be !>revailed upon to come on board, but continued fitting n his csnoe with an uncommon air of gravity. The iflanders called him Areckee, or king, a title which we had not heard any of them give to Fecnou, however extenfive his authority over them had appeared to be. Latooliboula remained under our Hern till the evening and then departed. Feenou was on board the Kefolu. tion at that time, but neither of thefe chiefs took the fmalleft notice of each other. On Thurfday the aznd, fome of the natives having ftolen a tarpaulin and other things from off the deck, the captain applied to Feenou, defirirg him to exert his authority to get them reflored; but this application was ofnocfled. On the 23d, as we were preparing to leave the ifland, Feenou and his primc-minifler Taipa came along-fide in a canor, and informed us, that they were gomg to Vavaoo, an ifland, as they faid, iituated about two days fail to the northward of Hapaee. They aflured us, that the objedt of their voyage was to procure for us an additional fupply of hogs, befides Tome red feathered caps for Omiah, to carry with hijn to Otaheite; and defired us not to fail till their return, which would be in four or Ave days t after which Feenou would accompany us to Tongataboo. < Captain Cook confented to wait the return ofthis chief, who inunediately, at he pretended, fet out for Vavaoo. On the 14th, a report was induflrioufly fpread about by fome of the iflanders, that a fliip refembling ours had arrived at Annamooka (ince we left it, and was now at anchor there. It was alfo faid, that Toobou, the chief of that ifland, was haftening thither to re- ceivc thofe new vifitors. Upon cnauiry, however, it was found, that this report was totally void oftbunda- tian. It is difficult to conjedure, what purpofe the in> vention ofthis tale could anfwen unlefs wc fuppofe it WIS contrived with a view of gcttbig us rcmoyed from one ifland to another. On the 25th, we went into a houfe where a woman was drcfTing the eyes of a child, who feemed blind, llie inflruments ufcd by this fb. ttule ocultft were two flender wooden probes, with which (he brulhed the eyes fo as to make them bleed. In the fame houfe we found another wonun fliaving a child's head with a ihark's tooth, ftuck into die end of a flick. Sheiirfl wetted the hair with a rag dipped iti water, and then applying the inflrument, took off the hair as clofe as if a razor had been ufed. Captain Cook foon after tried upon himfelf one of theic re- markable inllruments, and found it to be an excellent fubflitute. The natives of thefe iflands, however, have a different method of (having their beards, whichopera- tion they perform with two (hells, one of which they^ place under a part of the beard, and with the other applied above, they fcrape off that part: in this manner they can (have very clofe, though the procefs is rather tedious. There are among them fome who feem to make this a profefTion ; for it was common for our failors, when alhore, to have their beards fcraped off^ after the mode of Hapaee, as it was for their chiefs^ when on board, to be (haved by our barbers. Finding at this time, that little or nothing of what the ifland produced was brought to the (hips. Captain Cook de- termined to change our ftation, and to wait Feenou't return in fome other anchoring-place, where we might flill be fupplied with refreflmicnts ; accordingly. On Monday the 26th, in the forenoon, we made fail to the fouthward along the reef of the ifland, and hav- ing pa(red feveral (hoals, hauled into a bay, that lies between the north end of Hoolaiva, and the fouth of Lefooga, and there anchored in 17 fathoitis water, the point of Lefooga bearing S. E. by E. diflant a mile and a half. The Difcovery did not caft anchor till fun-fet; llie having touched on one of the flioals ; but backed off again witliout receiving the Icaft damage. We had no fooner call anchor, than Mr. Bligh, mailer, was fent to found the bay, where we w ere now llationed ) and Captain Cook, accompanied by Lieutenant Gore^ lanied on the fouthern partof Lefo<^a, to look for frefli water, and ex- amine the country. On the weft-fidc of the ifland they obfervcd an artificial mount of confiderable antiquity, about 40 feet high, and meafuring 50 feet, in the dia- meter of its fummit. At the bottom ofthis mount was a flone 14 feet high, two and a half thick, and four broad, hewn out of coral-rock; and we were told b/ the iflanders, that not more than half its length was fecn above ground. They called it Tangata Areckee (Tangata in their language fignifles man^ Areekee, king) and faid it had been (et up, and the mount raifed in memory of one of their kings. On the approach of night, the Captain and Mr. Gore returned on t>oard, and Mr. Bligh came back from founding the bay, in which he found from 14 to 20 fathoms water, with a bottom principally of (and. Lefooga and Hoolaiva are feparatcd from each other by a reef of coraUrocks, dry at low water. Some of our gentlemen, who land- ed in the laft mentioned ifland, found not the fmalleft mark of cultivation, or habitation upon it, except a fingle hut, in which a man employed to catch flfli and turtle reflded. It is remarkable that it (hould remain in this defolate condition, fince it communicates fo im- mediately with Lefooga, which is fo well cultivated. The weft fide of it has a Ixnding, where there feems to be good anchorage ; and the eafl fldc has a reef, as well as Lefooga. Uninhabited as Hoolaiva is, an artificial mount has been raifed upon it, equal in height to fome of the furrounding trees. On Tucfday the 27th, at day-break, fignal was made to weigh, ana as we intended to attempt in our run to Tongataboo, a paflage to Annamooka. by the S. W. among the intermediate ifles, Mr. Bligh was fent in a boat, to found before the (hips. But before we goc under fail, the wind became (o variable and unfettlcd, as to render it unfafc to attempt a paflage with which we were fo little acquainted : wc therefore lay faft, and made fignal for the mafler to return. He, and the mafter of the Difcovcr)', were afterwards fent, each in a boat, to examine the channels. Towards noon a S Y large IS mi •'i\ I i * I ■f I 454 C«y)t. C O O K'l VOYAGES C O I^ P L E T E. m laiige failing canoe came under our ftern, in which was a pcrfon named Poulaho, or Futtaiiiihe, who was faid by the natives then on board, to be king of Tongauboo, Annaiiiooka, Hapaec, and all the neighbouring iflands. We were furprifra to find a (Iranger dignified with thii title, which we were utight to. believe apperuined to another: but they periifted in their aflcrtioni, that the .fuprcme dignity belonged to Poulaho t and now for the fird time acknowledged, that Feenou was not the king, but a fubordinate chief, though of great power. After this explanation, Poulaho was invited by the captain on board, where he was not an unwelcome guelt, as he brought with him two At hogs by way of prefent. This ffreat pcrfonage, though not very tall, was ex- crtmely unweildy, and alniofllhapel''rs v ith corpulence. He appeared to be about forty : his hair was ftraight, and his features confiderabiy different from thofe of the majority of his people. Wc found him to be a man of gravity and good fenfe. He viewed the ihip, and the various new objeAs, with a particular atten- tion ; and aiked many pertinent qAcfYions. When he had gratified his curiofity in looking at the cattle, and other novelties, he was requeued to walk down into the cabin ; to which fomc of his retinue objcded, faying, that, if he fhould co down thither, it would doubtlefs happen that people would walk over his head ; a cir- cumflance that could not be permitted. When this objeiflion was to be obviated, by ordering that no one ihould prefume to walk over the cabin, Poulaho waved all ceremony and ventured down without any !>revious flipulation. He now appeared to be no lefs blicitous thin his people were, to convince us that he was fovereign, and not Feenou. He fat down to dinner with us, but eat and drank very little; ^nd afterwards defired the captain to accompany him on fhorc. Omiah was afkcd to be one of the party ; but he was too faith> fully attached to Feenou, to fnew much refpcift to his competitor, and therefore declined the invitation. Cap- tain Cook attended the chief in his own boat, having firft made him fiich prcfents as exceeded hi^ expec- tations ; in return for which, Poulaho ordered two more hogs to be fcnt on board. The chief was then carried out uf the boat, by his own fubjedls, on a board rcfcmbling a hand-tiarrow, and was fcated in a fmall houfe near the fliorc. He placed the captain by his fide; and his attendants formed a femi-circic before them, on the outfidc of the houfe. An old woman fat clufe to the chief, with a kind of fan in her hand, to prevent his being incommoded with the flics. The various articles which his people had procured by trad- ing on board the fliips, beirig now difplayed before him, he attentively looKcd over them all, mquired what they had given in (xchanee, and, at length, ordered every thing to be reflored to the refpedive owners, except one glafs bowl which he referved for himfelf. The people who paid this refpeift, firfl fquatted them- felves down before him, then dcpofitcd their purchafes, and inflantly retired. They obfcrved the fame cere- mony in taking them away, and not one of them pre- run)cd to fpeak to him flanding. His attendants, jufl before they left him, paid him obcifance, by bowing their heads down to the folc of his foot, and touching it with the upper utid under fide of the fingers of each hand. Captain Cook was charmed with the groveling 'fiibmHTion, or, as he termed it, the decorum, that was paid by the llavcii to their mafler on this occafion, having fcaKc fcen the like any where, even among more civilized nations. Perhaps the captain htd never vilited Italy, and fcen the ceremony of kiffing the Pope's toe. The mafler having returned, informed us, that as &ras he had proceeded, there was a palTage for the (hips, and tolerable anchorage ; but that, towards the S. and S. E. he obfcrved numeraus fhoals, breakers^ and fmall illcs. In confequence of this report, we rclinquifli- >.-d all thoughts of a paflage this way, and, beitig re- ' folvcd to return to Annamooka by the fame route which wc had fo lately experienced to be a fafe one, we flwuld have failed the next nnorning, which was the 38th, if the wind had not been very unfettied i and in (he night we lud fame heavy fqudls, widi thunder. lightning, and.rain, to which, at times, thefe {Hands arc expofedt Poulaho came early on board, bringing a red-feathered cap as A prefent to the captajin. Tnele curiofities were greatly fought after by us, u we knew they woukl be highly valued at Otaheitei but not one was ever brought Tor fale, though very iaige prices were offered ; nor could a perToia in either fhip nuke himfelf the proprietor of one, except the two captains and Omiah. They 9re compofed of the uil featneri of the tropic bird, imertnixed with the red fe»thers of the par. roquet ; and are made iikfuch a miinner, as to tic on the forehead without any crown ; and are in the form of « femicircle, whofe radius is 1 8 or 30 inches. Poulaho left the fhip in the evening; but his brother, whofe name was alfo Futufaihe, and ftme of his attendants, remained all night on board. On Thurfday the 29th, at day-break, we weighed with a fine breeze at E. N. E. and made (ail to the weft- ward, followed by fcveral of the failing canoes, in one of which was Poulaho the king, who, coming on boanl the Rcfolution, enquired for his brother, and the others who had continued with us all night. We now found that they had ftaid w ithout his penniflion ; for he gave them fuch a reprimand as brought tears from their eyes; however, he was foon reconciled to their making a longer ftay ; for on his deprture from the (hip, he left his brother, and five attendants on board. We wuld Ilecp on ne, his cabin endured the lenty ofpro- ey met with nulerly wind , Ourcourfe } windward, Footooha by day we plied er the Ice ob )Ottom being e leeward, we nd better aiw reached that to anchor in, ds. On the incl between weftward of : wind infuf* e bore up on he S. W. till : we made no iiveoflofing on board, we ictween Foo« ' frefli, with , by a fmall inga-ground I, cncomnd* tunately been Hit, and mod the neceflary cnt and alert' deftru^on, inger. Thii ere on board, be put on |ight,a boat unandedher to found foe 1 from that , we endea« inel between but meeting B obliged to fburkaffucs, levea o'clock thenu water. ■Ki i:i ■ ll^ K 454 Cupt. C O O K'l VOYAGES C O \< P L E T E. i 'u n j i brge failing canoe came under our ftern, in which was a pcrfon named Poulaho, or Futtafaihe, who wat faid by the natives then on board, to be kins of Tongataboo, Annaniooka, Hapaec, and all the neighbouring iHands. We were furprifed to find a ftrangcr dignified with thia title, which we were taiwht to believe appertained to another: but they perfiued in their aflcrtions, that the ,fuprcnie dignity belonged to Poulaho t and now for the firll time acknowledged, that Feenou was not the king, but a fubordinate chief, though of great power. After this explanation, Poulaho was invited by the captain on board, where he was not an unwelcome gueu, as he brought with him two ht hogs by way of prefent. This great pcrlbnage, though not very tall, was ex- tremely unweiMy, and almoftlhapelcfs with corpulence. He appeared to be about forty : his hair was (Iraight, and his features confiderably different from thofe of the majority of his people. Wc found him to be a man of gravity and good fcnfe. He viewed the (hip, and the various new objeds, with a particular atten> tion : and aiked many pertinent qienions. When he had gratified his curiofity in looking at the cattle, and other novelties, he was requeued to walk down into the cabin ; to which fome of his retinue objeded, faying, that, if he fhould go down thither, it would doubtlefs happen that people would walk over his head ; a cir- cumdance that could not be permitted. When this objedion was to be obviated, by ordering that no one ihould prefume to walk over the cabin, Poulaho waved all ceremony and ventured down without any f previous (lipulation. He now appeared to be no lets blicitous than his people were, tn convince us that he was fbvcrcign, and not Feenou. He fat down to dinner with us, but eat and drank very little; ^nd afterwards defired the captain to accompany him on (hore. Omiah was alkcd to be one of the partv ; but he was too faith* fully attached to Feenou, to (new much refpedl to his competitor, and therefore declined the invitation. Cap- tain Cook attended the chief in h«s own boat, having firft made him fiich prefcnts as exceeded hi$ expec- tations ; in return for which, Poulaho ordered two more hogs to be fcnt on board. The chief was then carried out uf the boat, by his own fubjcds, on a board rcfcmbling a hand-barrow, and was Icated in a fmall houfe near the fliore. He placcil the captain by his iide; and his attendants formed a fcmi-circlc before them, on the outfide of the houfe. An old woman fat clufe to the chief, w ith a kind of fan in her hand, to prevent his being incommoded with the flies. The various articles which his people had procured by trad- ing on board the fliips, beiilg now difplayed before him. he attentively looked over them all, mquired what they had given in exchange, and, at length, ordered every thing to be rcflored to the refpcdbve owners, except one glafs bowl which he refcrved for hinifclf. The people who paid this refpeifl, firft fquattcd them- fclves down before him, then depofited their purchafes, an; inftantly retired. They obfe rved the fame cere- mony in taking them away, and not one of them pre- funicd to fpeak to him landing. His attendants, juft before they left him, paid him obeifance, by bowing their heads down to the fole of his foot, and touching it w ith the upper and under fide of the fingers of each hand. Captam Cook was charmed with the groveling lubmririon, or, as he termed it, the decorum, that was Eaid by the flaves to their mafter on this occafion, aving fcaKC fcen the like any where, even among moie civilized na,tions. Perhaps the captain had never vifited Italy, and feen the ceremony of killing the Pope's toe. The mader bavins returned, informed us, that as&ras he had proceeded, there was a paiTage for the ihips, and tolerable anchorage ; but that, towards the S. and S. E. heobferved numerous fliools, breakers^ and froallifles. In confequcncc of this report, we rcliiiquifli- cd all thoughts of a paflagc this way, and, being re- fblvcd to return to Annamooka by the fame route which we had fo lately experienced to be a fafe one, we flmuld have failed the next morning, which was the 28th, if the wind had not been very unfetded t and in (he night w( tud fome hetv/ f<^iMJls, with thunder, lightniiMi, and.rain, to which, at times, thefe iflands arc cxpofedt Poulaho came early on board, bringing a red-feathered cap as ft prefent to the captain. Thele curiofitics were greatly fought after by us, u we knew they would be highly valued at Ouhcitei but not one was ever brought for fale, though very large prices were offered t nor could a perfon in either fliip make himfelf the proprietor of one, except the two captains and Omiah. They are compofed of the tail featners of the tropic bird, imertnixed with the red feathers of the par> roquet ; and are made ii>fuch a manner, as to tie on the forehead without any crown j and arc in the form of a femicircle, whofe radius it 18 or 30 inches. Poulaho left the fhip in the evening; but his brother, whofe name was alfo Futtafaihe, and fome of his attendants, remained all night on board. On Thurfday the a9th, at day-break, we weighed with a fine breeze at E. N. E. and made fail to the wefl- ward, followed by feveral of the failing canoes, in one of which was Poulaho the king, who, coming on boand the Refolution, enquired for his brother, and the others who had continued with us all night. We now found that they had ftaid without his pemiiflion j for he save them fuch a reprimand as brought tears from their eyes; however, he was foon reconciled to their making a longer ftay ; for on his departure from the fhip, he left his brother, and five attendants on board. Wc Hx:re alfo honoured with the company of a chief, named Tooboueitoa, jufl arrived from Tongataboo ; who, as foon as he came, fcnt away his canoe, declaring, that he and five others who came with him, would flccp on board; fo that the captain had, at this time, his cabin filled with vifitors : this inconvenience he endured the more willingly, as they brought with them plenty of pro- vifions as prefcnts to him, for which they met with f uitable returns. In the afternoon, the eaflerly wind was fucceeded by a frefh breeze at S. S. E. Our courfc being S. S. W. we were obliged to beat to windward, and did but iufl fetch the northern fide of Footooha by eight o'clock in the evening. The next day we plied up to Lopanga, and had foundings, under the lee ot N. W. fide, in 40 fathoms water ; but the bottom being rocky, and a chain of breakers lying to the leeward, we flrctched away for Kotoo, expecting to find better aiw chorage there. It was dark before we reached that ifland, where finding no convenient place to anchor in, we paired the night in making fhort boards. On tha aifi, at dav-break, we ftood for the channel between Kotoo, and the reef of rocks lying to the weftward of it; but on our approach, we fouitd the wind infuf.. We therefore bore up on I ficient to lead us through, we inereiore bon up o the outfide of the reef, and ftrctched to the S. W. till near twelve o'clock, when perceiving that we made no progrefs to windward, and being apprehenfive aTlofing the iflands, while we had fo many natives on boarid, we tacked, ftood back, and fpent the night between Foo« tooha and Kotoo. The wind now blew frefh, with fqualls and rain ; and, during the night, by a fnull chaneeof the wind, wc were very near running a-ground on alow fandy ifle, named Pootoo Pootoa, encompafl fed with breakers. Our people having fortunately been juft ordered upon deck, to put the fhip about, and moft of them being at their refpedtive fhitions,tbe necefliuy movements were performed with juck;emcntandalert« nefs ; and this alone prcferved us from deflrudion. The Difcoveiy being aflem, was out of danger. Thif lurrow efcape fo alarmed the natives who were on board, that they defired with great eamefhief*, to be put on fhore: accordingly, on the return of day-Ji(^t,.a boat was hoiftcd out, and the officer who conunanded her was ordered, after landing them at Katoo. to found foe anchorage along the reef which pn))e(at from that ifland. During the abfence of the boat, we endea* vourcd to turn the fbipt through the channel between the reef of Kotoo and the fandy -iflei but meeting! with a fbpong current againft us, we were oblised to defift. On Sunday the i fl of June, difhint about four kasues, we faw the burning mounuim, and about eleven o'docic A. M, caSk anchor in a fine hty, in 50 ftthmu water. Tficfe ! knew !ib« i t i lAf. ^ f tV*«* ii tfi 3^ < %!.>.- ..**. ;n "'»^N ii, V" *^'^' tj ^sV i,,T»4 rt i, *». ■itj;*^- «??■ ;^/±.«%--&v 4iv^ , ... i*,*.-':^.. \ i ^ \'i \ ■K i 5:1 aseMSf^'''r^^'«reT'r.p^«j«^i«^i^^»«*'it ■ K 1^1^ ib« FACIFIQ OCEAN, loc. !^| i.li i ji ii i iiii U l Ulnl iii il. i 111 ii jwiiii iii I I ' i V t ll ii "!■■#, -*-V«^- 1 Wp |[1^^#^B ofitoaativct iHtidl ■"" ■■!»>« 4l*r'i MKiMr Am biAng kB^ rf M. »MtM> th» uoSioft^dto atg ^. _ lbn>lirio iWeii«ftSe^ t onight W}»i2?l!fc' nttrniM iMd£»ly i yd Pi* »«i "«^*^ii»',?f " ii!uSlw«iihAmati« «l» uiiiyfte»5nkift;yHm»rtnfic. In th« courTe of |i««»jr ahj l^btlUui 900 of them anmbled on ih« Jcaen. and planWin^fictS; whteh pto«t> .ttogr toy t ^y^g 10^ Wlyii«il»Ac^ TheyaiMiw** InthOfhi^i^JI*' ieaiMt mA we obttbwd t fM quyi # of ftwn jn.eidiait8efi>riran^:> Befcw me cMiwn NtMneQjfMi jMiuihAied ibt fevanl pbettwhM wc. hul Ami ISowd ottumber fcedii hiij fc"'*^w l^ifw* .lteM«»Mhrt moft of Aem had boeft damM^mm ; wmdn J thOi# fome pin«.appl«« which had alfefaeMi kft,.weiti(>M <>f IW isit4t!A^t l^f «^ *" iatUAed with GMah'a ia^ tarani^tiMi of ki howcvet'. from whiit we obArved^ wf wfm.ibfQi«iihp undacaivad at toKMou'i rank. ||i| thanking and Feenou accompanied the captain ,Mf;tWli4t» dianari but Pwlaho only anii«h0u%JiD league* from the weftem point of An- haittMit, bfr^ dite^Mon of S. ^ d«g. W. W^ wete "pU fliuy ftiril menfdRded.onnoongaHapacei and 'sjRu^- iiponga Tonga had no inhtbiunu. We con'* tbMied a S. yf. courfe till two o'clock, A. M. of the ^Ih, when we liiw tcvetal little iflanda, beyond which mpearodEooa and Tongauboo. We now had 35 fa- tnomi water, with a bottom of broken coral and Tend 1 aiWll^ depth giaditallv dccralfcd,a*we approached the .abcMk Mnttionad fMall ifle*, which lie langed along the R'B. fide of Tonnaboo. Steering by the dirccUoii of ou|i t«4. pilot*. Tor the wideftfpace between thofe ilka, m t*tt Infenfibly dhiwn upon a large flat, upon whkh % innumerable rock* of coral, below the fur- ftce^of ithe fea. Notwithftanding our boau were foundima-head, and our utmoll attention and care to avoid thofe rock*, we were uiwble to prevem the Refo^ Uitionfrom ftrikii^ on one of them: nor did the IXf- coveiy, though at our ftcm, eftape better. Happy for .M it wa*> that we had day-light and fine weather. Sy skwpiag Oe AUa todwrojut^ and li|^itening the (hip jwlv we fwaycd htroflT'. and it fbruuatdy happened, .dUOOJ^thepratc^Sonof an ov^r-tuling providem^, .^&ithei>Hif the (hip* fiuck fiift, nor fuflained any idamaBB* We now heldon our cpurft, and the moment .wCjfawapUcewhevewecouki anchorwithanydegreeof dMel]K<.Wecame jtoi and the mafter* were difpatched jiMih tlie boati lolbund. Span, after we had call an^ cAiar«;|cn«nlofthenativeaofTo^piBb0ocame-to ua ta Aieir jeaiwfa» afliiring u*. that we ihpuld meet with deefwaterfiirther in, free fmm rocks. Their imeUigence Wa* tka(ei.fiM!, about fburo'ckKk. theboat* madea ugnal lof MMintfound gend anchnringg^tiundi We ther^xe 4i^ffiMt0iti imd inriU dark! when we unchortdin IdneftdMKmwftter, with aclearfiHMi|rbot«f|ii. Dwring tow t»hclp him t» eat. This icem» ftraqge to an European, as it reduccaarman to the condition of a child : and yet it is but one Nmove from what we fire daily pradHled before our eyest The gentleman has his table fprcdd, his food of various forts fet before ■ him ; hat all his- apparatus made Kadv. his bread cut. his meat carved, am his piaic fomiflied i he has his drink handed to him, and in (hort, everv thinkwhich the tropical king has, except only conveying hisnod to his mouth, which the- chief thinks may ai well be done by his tow>tow. Yet the omiirion of this flnsle adt of lianJinK his meat and drink to his mouth, orings a term ofreproach upon the chief, though, by the handi- nefs of his fcrvanu in the fervice* of the table, the Eu- ropean gaina the chaeadter of the peNte gentleman. Such and fo flendfer are the refmemenu of nations t the barriers that divide indolence from fumptuoulhefs i and the fimpiicity of a tropical chief from the magni* ' ikence of an European Pnnee. in the afternoon. Captain Cooi^ attended by Omiah, •feme oAkera, and othergemlemcii, hnidcd on the ifland •r Tongauboo. We found the king waitiM our ar- rival on the beach, who, when we landed, conidudbd us CO a fmall neat houfo near the•wood^ having an exten- five area before it t this, he told the captain, was-at his forvice, during Ilia eoiKinuance jn the iflami Before we had beert fong inthrhoide,* brge circle of then*, lives had aflcmblcd, and featcd themfehrcs on the area. , ArootoftheKava-plant beiiiBbi«ughltoihelihK,he commanded that it fhonM be Iptit hito pieceat mtdM' tributed o» foveral people of both feaes. who bqpm to chewit. andfoonpitpaieda bowl of their fovouritc Kquor. Mean while*, a baked hoa,and a quantity of bdud yams were produced, anddivided into te» por- tions. Thefe iham were given to fome of diole who wereprefent. except one. whidi remained tudUjpafod of. and which prabaUy waaielerved for the ki% Mm- feif. The liquor wa» next ferved aut» and the foft cup beii^ brought to the king, he oidcied it to be given to a pcrfon who fot near him: the fecond was alfe bfpught to him. which he kept : thethiid l a a p a ifai t t d 10 captain Cooki but their mode of fteeparing Ae Kquar having difipifted hint, it waa kandcd wOmiah. . The Nraaiader oTit was dUMbuted tadifbcac peopkt' «id one of the anabeii^ carried t»fbuhh(/» bradier. he Kiired with dua, and widi hie fliawof thepaoeiflMW, .Cdwro alfo withdicaaffrom the ciide wkh iheivpOK ^tkms. becauft they coHid neidier eat noc drink in Ks -nadefly't pielbioe : but dwic wete ftme of an J^iA^ itaJiiwho^both^atiinddwnklieforehim. *— ^*" the greater put of them w«lltawi^.^fl^ * « whttthey^hadMCeMMofdwihaieafthilbaft. Wc •Moved, thac4keictvanli whodiftiibMgd Aei«^ and the IU««r d>tt««iid tbon ~ ' 3 ' / tollMMlln «fc»«tM piMMNrjii Mtt |iit viawab «r ihi diM. Tka placf^ which liw tmce inland- dHitheMillMid ^ifka^medao, acartrMch tHa IMm weae IhKionadL CMAIbettcr ABpif ^iinaMtaM artklii IJt w««t •verioli, and fountf tlMta MoTcim. tainhMjifciber water than amr we had Bill with aoMMt thefoflkndik TMa poot beiqg extrnmiy miiddf . ha caulhdit to be cIcMiftd i and here it waathitwvflbd ourwatoMafta, Tlie fome momlM; a teat waepitdi. ed near the houfo wMclk tkekbig haaa%iwd for our ufe. Thrhorfoi^catde. and dieep, were ilMttlaaded, . andapartyofmarbicaibttonedtheraaaafiiaid. The obfervatorv was fot up at an inoMifldenSle dUtane* fVom another tent i and Mir. King twk up Ma rcOdenca on OwK. to diredl the obforvadfona, and fbpeiiniend all other neccflary buflnea. A party waa Aaliancd to cut wood for foet. and planks for ihefliinii andthe gunners were appointed to condua tht laaffic with the inhabitants, who flockwi fron» alt naita of widi hogs, yams, cocoa^uts. andf other artidea. in. foniuch, that our land>(fauion icfemblcd a foir.and our (hips were remarkably crouded with viikants. Fcenou redding in our neiglibourhood, we had daily jn«o6 of his gencroHty and opulence, by die contfaiuatfon of his valuable donations. Foulaho was equally attmtive H> us in this refpeift, as fcarcely a ihnr pafled without hi» fiivoariiw us with confidcrable prerents. We were now informed, that a pcrfon, named Mareewagee wu of veiy high rank in the ifland, and was treated with great re« verence i nay if our interpreter. Omiah, liid not mifun- derlland his informers, that he waa fuperiar i»FoHiahi» himfelfi but that, being advanced in yean, he lived in retirement, and therefore was not incKned to pay n* a viflt. This intellisence havingotcited the curiofty of 1 1th, in the pinnace, Ckpuin Gierke joining them in one of hia ownboats. They then pioceeded tothe etftward of the UuleiOea which foim the hatbour. and turning tawarda riw fouch, entered a fpacious bay, u» which they rowed about three mike, and landed amidfk a great concowfe of peopir, who received them with fliouu and acchmationa. The crowd inftandy &fm- rated,that lAMlaho mis^t pal^ who toolt oar matle. men ineo a fmall encMwre, and then the Ui^ ciSu^gad die piece of cfoth he wor^ for a new niece, very niatly Iblded : an old woman aflBKqg fn oreffing bun, and put a hige mat over his cloth. BeiM now uliedt where Mareewagee was, to our great fuipiift,befaid, that ha WHganecfownteour Aqpa^ He now icquelbRi ua o» acoompuiyhimtoa nadaee,arJioufo ofpitblkieforci and when we came to alaigearea beforek, heftated himfelf i0 the path, whife, u bk defiie, «• walked i^ tothefaaufo,andfatdownindiefi«mt AAerwaiting a little wMie, we repeated .our aiquirie8,bythejQediuin of Ondah, whether we wcMlo be ihtroduced la bibu reewagief But laceiviiig no fotkftdhiry anTwer, and bebwftncliMd to fu^^diat the aged chief wai pinw pafi^oMcWed fioni ua^ we returned to dM.boata etaidi pi ^ uJillhWd^ f b i r wna told him cptcerning the oljtchiefc ilhiUt^iinnrwn, the place Mjamt to waa a veiy lUighi&ilr MM Ml tb» bMdu fk Wtm {Oral RMe. Each of dwftr hilhSllSaSlSft ttMJI'of • ItellpbeitatMMi. with cithMiiftiWd oCota fHitfr ' "riiiwtiwit-'"'"^r>- iwithf ftftprf jomid^ COOK'i THIRD iai tAlT f&tltoltl'fi t^ PACtM6'oeBAN» Ik. Jjf" mm k 4d0r ftmtoea mt imwnii wwi ■ piww w«w. Benrctn nth plaiitttiMi in w^k iomU Ind mmm iTi-i-i-.-^ ta^jM .ft «i«.>«\ knd nlaititeii ^fah; fltfh ■ thlma othir BlMMiiaM M wtmwl Ifct nAdeMre efpCffbiw cir hiRh Miitii. Wrtj* «tklt oiF'tlfe nhT chjeik. the'fam^i'picce of cfathWM veiled 'up iMlprei^ ftiitedio Captain Cook, togu^r with a thrcotite^Mrtt. On the )4thi Old Tooboueame on beMfd toittom oor' viiit: he aMb went on board the DKcoVervi and if otti* Inrmer prefent wat' not ftrftfclently coniidcMMe, the' deficiencjr waa now Ai|q>lied. In the iiMaA iiini, Mhueewagee went tofte Our peooU who WcM IfatrtMw on fboKt and Mr. King (hewed him whatev^#e liid there. He waa (Inick vnth admirtthm at thd fia^t of thrcattie 1 and the ci«A-cut (kw rivetted hit attcntiKM. TowatdenobnPoulahecamcon biond, brii^ing with' him hk ifon. who *aa about twelve jreari ^age. The kinadined with Captain Cooki blit the Jb^ tfknMh paciMt, wakinot peimiitad to Ac doimbf ItiM. ' 'ihe^ captainfeimd it very coaveniem to Mm« Rtuldid ibr hit guefti (or, whenever he'waa pteAmt, wl^ Bi- qucntiv happened, every oihcr native waa ticcltided (run the tathe : whereu, if neither hit nor FeemM wcit on.boini, the chieft of in(erior rank Wcrb veVy impoik tunateto be of the dining tMny)«rta» Us admitted it that dnte Unto the cabin^ iMch hecttme cMfeouattly veifinieh crowded. The1(in||(>iriufi>oii«ei»A^edte) our cookery, and waa fond of dor wine. He now ic- fided at'the makwe near our tent, wheire he 'tMaevmiiHt entcnainedourpeoplewitha daiicerin.whidih#irii^ (el^ thoH|^(b^«orpiilemam: unireikl]y;iiaMMNi«' ,fiundi7thei5dk intheiaa(nii^.C4»dii^^o^ le. cto«i;n meifiminm OUlMMi. impdMHi ^nt „,„ _ ^, , .„ hK^tteaiaaeofMiiwhimta(ho«H Me indOiteah^ IbAtihg with two fticlw aeeoiMf wntaionfliatdfieC whom they (blind He. "" tot flbset,:ilkmmMtilifi-^:\ Oiiii«h -»iMi>.«iM.»w fc|ja*at|-./(^ (eaihetsi;e«m(kinit(d IMllil^ ifal fcli li'llfl **^- -° tWfUWQpBWSnBIPOMB jMo. s<> ly^ho, iW kit the capiaM. wiM P9vm», thttt raiing Fattabihc, ih« Metjm, He imnwdiaicly obeyed iauihtlwdrceniMioNi aAd, on the other, a bikii WW! A if^tnde of pc6pte (kt round the clX «mM|g whom waa Maiccwagee. with other pcr&M dC niik. "nccajptiln waa reimefted to feat himlWf ^; thenrlneci and then OmUh informed him. that hai hid Mm inAroacdl^ Ftoulaho to tell him. that at (lia nMibaMd^ ( apuln were frkndi. he hnxd thak Mi (M Ftittaftihe might be comprehtmd^ in thia tinkw I Md that the captain, ai a teftimony of hit con* Rn^ wouU accept of the prinee't prefent. Our com* m|Uid«f icadihr agreed to thia propoTal. and invited all th^clliMfrto dimTwtth him on board. According^ 2!*'™?f^*'5?'^ ■''«***• Mweewagee, thiM or tm (bfa^rditetechkfi. and two old ladiet of high raniu accbrndaillcd m to the (hfp. Mareewa|tee waa dijiircdl in i new piece if cloth, with fix patches ofred feathcra Vlt the fltlrti of it. Thit dreft wat probably made on purpofe tor thit vifit , for at foon «i he arrived on toaid, he put it off, and |)re(bnted it to our capuin: , When dhinerwat ferved up. not one of them would even fit down, or cat 4 morfcl of arty thing, at they were all taboo, they (kid) which word, though it ha« a very com- p^henfivc roqinii^ fignifiet, generally, that a thing ia prohibited. Why they were thua reiirained at prt- lenr, waa not accounted (or. Having nude prefeott Ift tHeiU Hn, and gnittflhl their curiority, by (hewing thenjik' eVBry* |jalt oflhe flilp. the captain conduilctT theni afliore. When' dw boat had reached the land. Eeenou2 widAvetal otheri, immt^ately fitpped out: and the! yottB| p rince fiillowing then*, was called ^ck by Nfo" awwfifi^ who now paid the heir apparent the faibe. owUNce which the king was uccuKomed to receives aAffiWhetVOId Toobou, and one of the Mies., had HttiMiiHNi him With the fiune thiirks of rcfped, he 1^ Mfimd ttt'land. After thit c^re^MMiy, the old peop(«' (Kerned oii^ of tti^boat into a cande, which was waitmg' to'Chnvey iHem rd their place' of refidence. Capuin i Ctok waa pleafcd at being pr<(feftt on this occalion, a^ jhe waa thus fumi(hed with the moft convincing proola^ |of thejnipremedignityor Fbufaho'and hit fon. By thia itlme, likiUcd, we had gained fome certain information I with' legird tb the jferaiiVt fitiiation of Ctveui chieft. ! We nbwlnKw^, that OM Toobou and Martewagec were brothen. Both of them were men of confidenble pro- ptMf, ihd^iiifliigh elUi^tion' with the peopl^Ma- ree#Mee. in iiaMcular, had'obutned the honourable iiiSSg^*^'*"^ ***** Tonga, Sjhhrh impliet, father of ;:T»#, oriifc coiintty. We alio wnr under(tood. that hejNa the king% frdler-faiUUw, Poulaho having ef- gotwd oneof hia daughtera. by jwhom he had .ybiiitt FlMtafiiihc t-ib that Muvewagee wat grand-father to the ' ?!™fL ■ ^' '' Fkenou, he *at «ie of the font of Ma- j I*?^!'^^ Topc^eltoa wat another. On landing, i«p louna Fbciaho in the houle adjoining to our tent, «^ imAieAatcIf made Captain Cook a prefent of » ,hu^^ ij'quahti^ of yama. Towarft evening »' ' niinwer iafthe iflandimcame, and having feated thenw . fq^J W'clrete. fung in concert with the mufic of »5SI5*^ i?™'' *'"*^'* ^'^^ placed in the centre. JS'? '9'^"*'" *"* '""VS """• '^ **° *«•* (hort, WMi:tM(l( they ftnick the ground end-wifo. Ther« ^ W(tic two othcn that lay fide hy fide on the ground, one lor'IM'hidp wat partly fplit: on thefe a perfon continued two ftickt. They fung three fongt during theemertabiment kfted. alVer we fcft them! O^kck. For light, they burned the leavet of pilni. In the mean rime Mr. Anderfon, with «^ jtntlrmet^ made ancxcurfion intb tte " ^tHSSJJS* fi*™i'M *|th the followic^ ^r. '^ Wmiiua, of 1^ tent, the cdimtry Ibr' t«(|inileii ia^HKire^ uneulpvaied; thoiidi co- i^wf. Bbyonraittaprct^liugepiaiii I 4J8 Cape. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. II m Iff extend* icfcir, on which arc rocoa-ireci, and Ibinc fnull plantations. Near the creek, which runa wcO of the tent, the land i» pe rfcii^lv Hal, and partl)r ovcr-Howcd every tide by the Tea. \Vhen the wiien retire, the furfjce it Teen to confift of coral rock, interfperfcd with holei of yeltowHh mud i and near the ed^, where it la rather more firm, are vail numl>cri of little ODcn> ingi, whence IfTue innumerable ftiull rrab«, which (Warm upon the fpot, but arc fo very nimble, that, when approached, they inftantaneoudy difappear, and baffle all the dexterity of the nativei who endeavour to catch them. At thi* place it ^ work of art, which teftiAca fonie degree of ingcnuir jnd pcrfcverance. On one fldc it a narrow caufcway, which, gradually increafing m breadth, rifei with a gentle afcent to the height of to feet, where ita breadth ia live pacei, the whole length heiiig about 74 pacet. Adjacent to thit ii a kind of ciniii, jo pacet in diameter, about one or two feet higher than the cauTrway that joint iti and in the middle of thi* circut fotnetrcet are planted. On the oppoHte flde, vwthcr caufcway dclccndt, which it partly in ruini, and not above 40 paces in Icnath. The whnic It built of large coral-ftunes, with earth on the fbrfacc, overgrown with flirubs and low trees. From the marks ot decay in feveral places, it is probably of feme antiquity : but it feems to Ite of no fcrvice at prefent, whatever may have been its ufe in former times. All that could be learnt of the natives was, that it was called Etchee, and belonged to Pbulaho, the king. Monday the i6th, in the morning, Captain Cook, Mr. Gore, and others, took a walk into the country 1 in the courfc of which we met with an opportunity of feeing the whole proceft of making c'oth, ine principal manufaAure of this ifland, aa well ns of many others in the South Sea. An account of this operation as per- formed at this place, may nut imprn|>erly befubjoined heie. The manufiniturcrj, who are of the ft male fex, take the flender nalksor trunks of the pa^Kr mulberry, which rarely grows niorc than fcvcn fqct in height, Mid about tne thickneft of four fuigcn. From tnefc fralks they ftrip the bark, and krape off the exb:rior rindj after which the bark is rolled up, and mflccratcd for fome time in water: it is then beaten with a fquarc inftrumcnt of wood, full of coarllc grooves,, but fome- limcs with a plain one. The operation it often repeat- ed by another perfont or the bark is folded feveral thncs, and beat longer, which i» probably intended to clofe rather than divide ita texture. It isthenfprcad out to. dry s the pieces being from four to fix or fcven feet in length, and about half a» broad. Thcfc pieces are joined by fmearing part of them with the glutinous juice of a berry, called toooi and after being thus lengthened, they are placedover a large piece oi wood, with a fort of (tamp, compofed of a hbroua fubftance, laid beneath them. The manufacturers then take a bit of cloth, anil having dipped it in a juice exprefcd from the bark of a tree, called Kokka, rub it brilkly over the piece that is making. This Ic-vcs upon thie furfacc a dry glbfs,.and a dull brown cokiuri and the ftamp makes, at the fame time, a flight impreflion. Thus they proceed, joining and ftaining by degrees, till a piece of cloth, of the rcquifite length and breadth, is E reduced. They generally leave a border, about a foot road, at the fides, and rather kinger at the ends, un- flained. If any parts of the original pieces have holes, or are too thin, they glue fpare bits upoa them, till their thickncfs equals that of the reft. Whenever they are dcfirous of producing a black colour, they mix the juice of the Kokka with the foot procured from an oily nut, called doocdooe . They alTcrt, that the black cloth, which isufually moft glazed, makes a cold drefst but the other a warm one. On our return, we met with Feenou, whom wc took with us, and another young chief, on board to dinner; which when fepvcd up, neither of them would eat a morfch faying that they were uboQ avv t but when they founds that, nkdrefling the pig and fome yams, no avy (or water) had been made ufe of, they bom (at down, and eat very heartily : they dhuik alfo our wine, on being alSitcd no watu wa« in it I from whence wc inferred, that they were at ihia time, lor f to the ground on one fide, and, at the fame inltant, inclining their bodies the fame wayi then (hiftlne them to the oppoTue IkJe in the fame munncr, and with fimilar inclinations 1 palling them with great quicknefs from one hand to the other, and twirling them about with remarkable dexterity, and virious mununivres. Their motions, which were flow at firft, quickened at the drums beat fiiftert and they repeated fentences the whole time in a mufical tone, which were anfwered by the chorus t but in a (hort time they all joined, and ended with a ibout. After a ccflation of a few minutes, they began as be- fore, and continued with Ihort intervals, upwards of* quarter of an hour t. and then the rear rank dividing, moved flowly round each end, met in the front, aiia formed the (irft rank t during which movementt the whole number of perfnttnera continued to recite fen» tences. The other ranka did fuccdPively the fame, till that which was fovemoft bccime the rean and this evo- lution did not ceafe till the kit ranit regained iu former fituation. A much Quicker dance, though (low at (irit. WM then begun, and they Aing for ten minutea, when the whole body, in a two.fold diredion, retreated, and then advanced, forming nearly a circular figure, which conclude the dance « the cnorui retiring, and the drum* being removed at the (iime time. In the fecond dance, were 40 men as a chorus, with onlv two drumat and the dancers, or rathei aAors, confilted of two ranks, the foremoft of which had 17 perfons, and the other tc. Feenou wu in the middle of the fird rank, which ia confUered, on thefe occafions, as the principal place. They danced and repeated fimteacet, with very (hort intervals, for half an hour,, fometimea flowly, and at other timet quickly, vlth the highe(t dc'. gicc of txaiStOM& and regularity. Towafda the dote. COOKi THIRD and LA8T VOYArjE— To (he I'ACII IC OCEAN, tec. 459 tte It thta en to ufe c water we cct where- utewtget nt, iind we he tempo- rtalion, K r. In th« from (he liler a long (iifpeniitd. ach iMe of eapi, piled with iinall from Ma- rkc. The jcr* began ncc$ which \, conlil\cd lUvCd three h they did rical piece* h, fotiK of nn i>t ordi- rely hollow, hink, about le Icn^h ot :runk u hoU iiediiVtculty. (iye* Nati'a t thry fit and :al ptcc'ct of X in length, rerful found occaflonally Mid likcwile end or mid- y men each* todcn inftru> in iu tliape U, which are KM I fuch aa and. at the : fame wayt in the fame pailrng them kc other, and rxterity. and ich were flow fader ( and in a mufical ui I but in a rith a ibout. began ai bc- upwardi of * ank dividing, the front, and wemcntt the to recite fenw the fame, till and thi* evo. [ted iu former It flow at firft. linutCKt when on, retreated, itcular figure, I retiring, and time. In the with only twa rstconflltedof 7 perTorn, and le of the firA cafioiu, atthe atedGcBtencet, mr,, femetimeft lie higheft d&. lafdatheclofe. r; the rear rank divided, came round, and occupied the place of (he froo(. which afterwardi refumcU iit h»~ met lituaiion. Thit dam Heing flnilhcd. the druim were taken away, and the chorui retired, a% in the pre- ceding dance. Three ycry large drum* were now brought in, and 70 men fi)rmed a choni* to the third dantc. Thii ronfiHed of two ranki, of 16 men each, having youn^ Toobou at their head, who wa» fptcndid- ly ornamented with a kind of garment covered with red feathcri. Thefc ptfrfornKri danceit, fung, and twirled ihc pagf^e, fo u to meet with the continual ap- plaulca of the (pe^latori, who were partuularly pUad-d with one attitude, in which they held the face alide. at if alhamed, with the pagge before it. The hindmon rank clofed before the front one, which foon alter re- lumed iti place, aa in the lirO ;< ul fecund dances : then beginning again, (hey fortucil a triple row, divided, retreated (oeach end of the area, and Icf^ the ground almoft clear. Two men rulhing in a( (ha( inftan(. began to exercife (heir club* which they make ufe of in battle. IVv firl> twirled them in their hand*, and made circular (Irokn before them with great quicknefa, managing them w ith fuch (kill. (hat. though (hey flood clofe 10 each other, they never interfered. They (hifted the clubi, w ith uncommon dexterity, from one hand to the other 1 and. after lutnc time, kneeled down, and made varioui motioni. toffing up (heir cluhi in the air. and catching them a> they fell. They then retired a» hartily aa they entered. Their head* were ornament- ed With piece* of white cloth, fallened at the crown, with a wreath of foliage round their forehcada : and, tha( (hey might be free from every incumbrance, (hey had only a very fmall piece of clo(h (ied round (he wait). A man armed wi(h a fpcar, now rullied in, and u( himfcif in a menacing attitude, ai if he intended to Irike with his weapon at one of the people in the crowd I at the fame time bending the knee a little, and trembling oa it were with fury. Me continued in thi* polition near a minute, and then moved to the other lide. where, having llooti in the fame poOure. he hallily retreated from the area. During all (hi* (imc (he dancer*, who had divided thcmfelvei in(o (wo par(iei. con(inued (o npc.nt fomc(hing (lowly 1 and (hey now advanced, and Joined amin. concluding (he dance wi(h general applaufc. Thi* dance, in our opinion, waa confidercd as a capi(al performance, a* fome of (he principal people were engaged in i(i one of (he drum* neing beat by Futtafaihe, tnc king'* brother, another by f cenou, and the third by Marcewagcc himfcif. In the fourthand lafl dance, were 40 menu a chorus, with two drum*. I'he pcrfornKr* were 60 men, arranged in three rows, having 34 in front. Before they began, we were entertained with a preliminan' harangue, in which the whole number made refponfo* to a fpvaker foiua. They (hen rccired femencci aUemately wi(h the choru*, and made wi(h (he pagge many auick mo- tion*. They divided into two partici. with their backs to each other i formed again 1 (hided their ranks, divid- ed.and retreated ( bciiwiuccccdcd by two men, wtw cx> crcifed wi(h (heir clubs, as before, afrer whom came two others : the dancers in the mean (ime repeating in their (urns wi(h (he chorus ; (hey (hen advanced, and concluded the dance. Thefe amufements continued from eleven o'clock till near three. The number of iflanders who attend- ed aa fpedators, together with thofc who were round the tiiuling-place at the tent, or (traggling about, amounted to at lead fo,oco, all within tnecom|Md*of a quarter of a mile. Had we undcrdood wha( wu fpoken in this entertainment, we might probably have gained much information with refpwt to the genius and cudoins of (hit people. Though the fpcoaton condantly applauded the different modons, when well made, a conliderable fhare of (he pleafure (hey received, fccmcd to arife from the fentimental part, or, what the performer! recited. However, the mere ading prt well deferved our notice, on account of the extenltve-. ncfi of (he plain, (he varienr of the motioni. and the exadt unity, eafe, graccfblneii, and vivacity, with which they were performed. In the evening we were cnter- I tainetl with the IWwnai, or ni; hi dance*, on a large area lieforr ili,.'(rii)|M)rary dwell' ; place of Keennu. They continued three hours I dui .i|{ ^hich time about twelve of ihcm were perfoniicd, nearly in the fatiie manner ai thofc at H4;viee. In twii if 'hem, in which fame wo- men had a jK-t, a nuinlx-r of men came, an J formed a circle within .Seir's. In another, which coniiflnl of 14 men. many n""oni that we had nor feen before, were made with the >. 'id*, and met with great »pm plau'c. The mu(ic was once changed in the rourfe of th. - ••"ingi and in one of the dances, I'eenou him- felf appeared at the head of ju men. He wa* neatly drcfTcii in linen, and liimc (iiiall picitires were himg round his neck. After thefe diverliont were endci, we were made frnlible. that thefe people had put them* felves to many incooNcnien; irs on our account ; lor being drawn together to this uninhabited par' of the ifland. number* of tlicm were oblipd to lie do an and (Icep under the bulliei, or '>y the lide «>fa tree, or a canoe, nay, many lay down in the ojjen air. which they arc not fond of, or fp«'nt the rcinaiiulrr «>f the nij,'ht in walking about. NotwithftanditiK the whole entertainment waa condudled with better order than could reafonaiily be fuppofed, yet our utmoll care and attention could not prevent our being ulundcrcd by t e n.itivci in the mo(^ mfolent manner : but then it mud be .icknowltdged, that attiong fuch a multitude, there mull be a number of ilUdifpoicd people, and we hourly cx|»'tU'nccd their propenlity to thieving iv every <)uarter. There waa Icanely anv thing wliiili vhcy did not endeavour to deal. In the mitUlle of the day, thry oni c attempted to t \C an anchor from oH" the Difcovcry's bows, but without ellect. The only violence of whit h they were guilty, wan, the breaking the flinuKlcr-bonc of one of our goarsj in conlajutn^ of which flie di-.-d foon ader. On Wedncfday the 1 8th, one of the illanders roI out of his canoe into the quarter gallery of the Refoiu- (ion, and dole from (henc a pewter bafon ; but being detei^ied he was purfueo, and brought alung-fidc the (hip. Upon thi* occafion, three old women in the canoe made loud lamentations over the prifoncr, beat- ing their faces and brealls with the palms of theia hands, in a very violent manner. Thi.i mode of ex- prclTing forrow occafions the mark which mod of thefe people bear over their cheek-bone*; for the repeated blow* infli(ded by them on this part rub off the fltiri, and caufe fomc blood to flow out 1 and when the wound i* green, it look* as if n hollow circle had Iven made byl)urning. On fomc occafions, thrv cue this part of the face with an indrument. A gi-riticman, who was on board the Difcovery, ha* infonrcu , h,; w titer of the hidory of thefe voyages, that he had \n opportunity of difcovering the reafon of a very (ingnlar mark, a little above the temple* of many of the chiefs. In or; of our cxcurfions into the country, fays this gentleman, we perceived the day was kept facred throughout the whole ifland, that nothing was fuffercd to be foldi r-li'.K., JiJ 'he people touch any food ; and bcfidcs, (ha( feyeral of our new acquain(oncc were mifllng. Enquiring into the canfc, we were (old, (ha( a woman of quali(y waa dead, and (hat (he chiefs, who were her de(cendan(a, flayed a( home to have their tcmplei burnt. This cudom is not confined to this ifland only, but ii likcwife common to feveral others. paitic;ilarly, to thofc of Ea-oowee, or Middlebuigh, ami Appee. Thi* mark is made on the left-fide, on the death of « mother, and on (he right-fide when (he father diesi and on (he death of a high-pried, (he fird joint of the little finger is ampu(a(ed. Thefc people have (here- fore their religiotis ri(es, though we were not able to difcover how, or when (hey were performed. This day Cap(ain Cook bedowed fome prefentt on Mareewagee, in rerurn for thofe which h-'d been n- ceived from (ha( chief (he preceding day , and aa (he entertainments then exhibi?v-d called upon us to make fome exhibition in return, he ordered all the nurinea to go through their exercife, on the fpot whera the late dances had been performed, and. in the eveiw ing, Ibme fireworks were alfo played off at the fam* placc; 'f r m 1 460 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMl»LETE. G V ii I, I. place. The kine, the principal chiefs, and a vaft multitude of people, were prefent. The platoon firing feemcd to plcafe them i but when they beheld our water rockets, they were filled with admiration and even anonilhmcnt. They did not much regard the fife and drum : nor the French horns that were playing during the intervals. Poulaho fat behind every one, no per- fon being permitted to fit behind him : and that his view might receive no obftruilion, none fat immedio atcly before him : a lane was made by the fpedators from him quite down to the fpace allotted for playing oil" the fire-works. While the natives were in expcdta- tion of feeing our exhibition, they engaged, for the greateft part of the afternoon, in wreftlingand boxing. The firll of ihcfc excrcifes they call foohoo, and the fecond fanj^atooa. When a pcrfon is defirous of wreft- ling, he gives a challange by eroding the ground in a kinil o» meafured p.-ice, and clapping fmartly on the elbow joint of one arm, which is bent, and fends forth a hollow found. If no opponent ftcps forth, he re- turns and fits down ; though fomctimcs he (lands clap- ping his hands to provoke Ibme one to accept his chal- Ici»ge. If an antagonift makes his appearance, they meet with marks of the greatell good nature, generally fmilii>g, and deliberately adjufling the piece of cloth that is faftencd round the waill. By this cloth they lay hold of each other, and he w ho fucceeds in drawing his opponent to him, inftantly endeavours to lift him niwn his brcart, and throw him upon his back ; and it he can turn round with him, in that pofition, two or three times, before he throws him, his dexterity pro- cures him numerous plaudits from the fpectators. Should they be more equally matched, they quickly clofc, and attempt to throw each other by entwining their legs, <*•" «'''"!? ^^'^^ ^^^" *^''"" ^^'^ ground ; in which Uruggles for vidoiy they difplay an extraordi- nary exertion of flrcngth and agility. When one of them is thrown, he immediately retires; while the conqueror fits down for near a minute, then rifcs, and goes to the place from whence he came, where the vic- tory is proclaimed aloud. After having fat a Ihort time, he lifes again, and challenges ; and if feveral an- tagonifts enter the lifts, he has the privilege of choofing which of them he pleafes to engage with : he may alfo, Ihould he throw his competitor, challenge again, til' he himfilf is vanquiflied; in which cafe the people of the oppofitc fide chant the fong of vii,'l(iry in favour of their champion. It frequently happens, that five or fix rife from each fide, and give challenges together ; fo that it is not uncommon to fee feveral fets engaged on the lickl at the fanK time. Tluy preferve great temper in this cxercife, and leave the fpot without the leart difpleafure in their countenances. When they ijcrccive, upon trial, that they are fo equally niaiched, as not to be likely to throw each other, they leave off bv mutual confent. Should it not clearly ap- pear which of them has had a fupcrior advantage over the other, both fides proclaim the victory, and then they engage again ; but no one, who has been van- auilhcd, is permitted to engage a fecond time with his conqueror. Thofc who intend to box advance fide- ways, changing the fide at every pace, having one arm ftretched out before, the other behind ; and holding in one hand a piece of cord, which they wrap clofely about it, when they meet with an opponent. This we think is intended to prevent a diflocation of the hand or fingers. Their blows are dealt out with great quicknefs and aftivity, and are aimed principally at ^e head. They ttrike equally well with either hand. One of their moft dextrous blows is, to turn round on the heel, juft after they have ftruck their adverfary, and to give him another fimrt blow with the other hand backward. In boxing-matches, unlefs a pcrfon ftrikes his antagonift to the ground, they never fing the forw of viaory ; which ftiews, that this diverfion is Icfslipproved among them than wteftling. Not only boysentage in both thefcexercifes ; but it not unfrequtnt- Iv happens, th.it little girls box, for a ftiort time, with great obftinacy. On all thefe tKcafions, they do not confidcr it as any difgrace to be vanquiOicd, and he 3 . who ii overcome fits down with as much indifference as if he had never entered the lUli. Some of our pco* pie contended with them in both exercifes, but were generally worfted t except in a few inftances, where, as Captain Cook obferves, " it appeared, that the fear they were in of offending us, contributed more to the vi(!iory, than the fuperiority of the pcrfon they en- gaged." On Thurfday the 19th, Captain Cook thought pro>- per to mark out his intended prclcnti of aninuls, which he defigned to leave behind him. He there- fore alfembled the chiefs before our houfe, and inform- ed them of his propofed diftribution before his depar- ture. To Poulaho, the king, he prefentcd an Englifb bull and a cow ; to Mareewagee a cape ram, and two ewes, and to Feenou a horfc and a mare. Omiah was inftru'fled to inform the chiefs, that no fuch animals exifted within feveral months fail of their ifland; that we had brought them with much trouble and expeiicc» for their ul'c ; that, therefore, they ought to be careful, not to kilt any of them till they had muUiplicd con- fiderably; and, finally, that they and their children ought to remember, that they had received them from the natives of Britain. Omiah alfo explained to thent their ref|x;iilive ufes, as far as his limited kno)^ledge would permit, for he was not well verfcd in fuch things. I'hc captain had intended to give old 'I'uobou two or three goats; but finding that chief, who had not at- tended the meeting, though invited, indifferent about them, he added them to the Ihare of Poulaho. As the captain intended, that the above prefents fliould remain with the other cattle, till we were rc.idy to fail, he dcr fired each of the chiefs to fend a man or two, to look after their refpedive animals, along with our people, in order that they might be made acquainted with the manner of our treating them. The king and Feenou did fo ; but neither Mareew.igee, nor any other perfoi\ for Wm\ took the leaft notice of the fheep afterwards. Indeed, it foon appeared, that fome were diffatisfied with our diftribution of the animals; for on the 20th, early ir» the morning, two of our Turkey-cocks, and one kid were milling. Our commander being de- termined to have them reftored, feized on three canoes that were along-fide the fliips: he then went on fhore, and having found the king, his brother, Feenou, and feme other chiefs, in our houfe, he iinmediatelv placed a guard over them, and intimated to them, that they muft remain confined till not only the turkeys and kitl, but the other articles of which we had been plundered* at different times, were reftored to us. On firuling themfclves prifoners, they concealed their feelings, as well as they could ; fat tiown to drink kava, with an appearance of unconcern; andalfured the captain, that the things in queftion fliould all be returned. Soon afterwards, an axe, and an iron wedge were brought to us. In the mean time, fome armed natives began to alTemble behind the houfe, but they difpcrfed when a part of our guard marched againft them; and the chiefs, by the advice of the captain, gave orders, that no more fliould appear. Upon being invited to dine with us on board, they readily confentcil. Some of them having afterwards objedcd to Poulaho's going, he rofc up immediately, and declared, that he would be the firft man. We all now repaired aboard, and the chiefs remained in the fhips till four o'clock. They were then conduced by tne captain afl,iorc ; and not long after their having landed, the kid, and oae of the tur- keys were reftored to us. On thrir promifing that the other turkey fliould be brought back the next morn- ing, both they and their caiioca were rcleafcd. The chiefs having Icftus, we walked jiit, with Omiah in com- pany, toobferve how the natives in our neighbouihood fared, I'm this was the ufual time of their meats. Wo found them in genera], ill fupplicd; a circumftance not to be wondered at, fince mull of the yams, and other provifions they had brought with them, were difpofcd of to us ; and they were unwilling to return to their own habitations, while tluy could procure any fulle- nance near our port. Our ftation was upon an uncul- tivated point of land; fo that there were notv: of the natives ■iMia JifTerence fourpco- but were where, as the fear >rcto the 1 they eiu ught pnv ° aninuU, He there- d inform- his dc|)ar- in £ngli(h I, and two )iniah was :h animals and; that i ex pence, be careful, )licd con> r children them from :d to thcnt knowledge Lich things, bou two or ad not at- rent about X As the uld remain ail, he dc> to, to look our pcopli', :d with the .nd Fccnou ither perfoix afterwards. dilTatisfied n the :oth, ■cocks, and being dc- hrce canoes nt on fliore, ccnou, and itely placed , that thev )'s and kid. Slandered, t) finding feelings, as ^a, with an aptain, chat ned. Soon brought to Hi began to fed when a [ the chiefs, lat no more ine with us >e of them )ing, he rofc )uld be the id the chiefs They were id not long c of the tui- ling that the next morn- eafcd. The niah in com- glibouihood meals. We imftancc not s, and other icrcdifpofcd :turn to their re any fullc- on an uncul- ; noiv of the natives COOK'S THIRD and LAST VDYAHE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, itc. 461 natives who had a fixed itfidcnct within half a mile of us. Thofe therefore who were at our port, were ob- liged to live under trees, or in temporaiy hutsi and the cocoa-trees were ftripped of their branches, f -r the pur- pofe of creding huts for the chief*. In th.; courfe ot iur walk we fomid fix women at fiippcr. two df whom were fed by others. When Omiah alked the reafon ot this cirdimftance, the women replied taboo mattcc. Upon further enquiry it appeared, that one of them, about two months before, had waftied the corpfc of a chief, on which account (lie was not allowed to handle any food for five months ; and that the other had per- formed the fame kind office to the dead body of a perfon of inferior rank, and was therefore under a fimilar reftridtion, though not for fo long a fpacc of 1'""^. . . . n , . On Saturday the lift, early in the mornmg Poulaho, the king, came on board, to invite Captain Cook to the diverfions of a haiva, which entertainment he dcfigncd to give the fame day. He had his head bcfincaretl with pigment, in order to communicate a red colour to his hair, which was naturally of a dark brown. After hreak- faft, the captain attended him to the (hore, and found the'iflanders very bufy in two places, fixing in a fquare and upright poution. four ve»y long polls, at the dif- ancc of near two feet from- each other. They after- wards filled up with yams the fquare Utwecn the polls ; and fattened Iticks acrofs, from one poll to another, at the diftance of every four feet, to prevent the polls from feparating,by the weight of theinclofcd yams, and alio to afcend by. As foon as the yams had reached the fummit of the firll ports, they continued to fallen others to them, till euch pile was 30 feet or more in height. On the top of one of the piles, they placed t\\o baked hogs; and, on the top of the other, a living one; and another they tied by the legs halfway up. 'I'he facility and difpatch with whicli thcfe two piles were laileil, were very remarkable. '• Had our feanicn," oblerves Captain Cook, " been ordered to execute fuch a work, they would have fworn, that it could not be jierlormed without carpenters ; and the carpenters would have called to their aid a dozen diiVercnt forts of tools, and have expended, at leaft, a hundred weight of nails; and, after all, it wtnild have employed thcin as many days, as it did ihefe people hours. But feanien. like moft other amphibious animals, are always the moll hclplefs on land." Having compleated thefe t«o piles, they accunsulated fome other heaps of \anis, and alfo of bread-fruit, on each fide of the area ; to which a tur- tle, and a great quantity of li(h were added. The whole of this, with fome red feathers, a mat, and a piece of cloth, comiwfcd the king's prel'ent to Captain Cook ; and Poulaho feemed to be not a little proud at having exceeded, as he really did. I'eenou's liberality ai Hapaec. About one o'clock, the Mai, or dances, were begun. The lirft very nearly refembled, what was performed on the opening of Marccwagce's entertain- ment. The fecond was conduilled by young Toobou ; and in this four or five women were introiluced, vtho ..•quailed the men in the exadnefs and regularity of their motions. Near the end, the performers divided, in order to leave room for two champions, w ho exer- cifcd their clubs. In the thinl dance, which was the laft, two other men, with clubs exhibited their lltill and adivity. The dances were fucceeded by boxing and wrertling; and one man entered the lills with a heavy vlub made of the llem of a cocoa-leaf, but could meet with no opponent to engage him in fo rough a diver- fion. Towards evening the Bomai, or night dances began, in which the king himfelf, apparelled in Knglilh manufadure, vasa performer: ^".u neither thefe, nor the dances ii. the day-time, were fo capital as thofe given by Feenou and Marcewagee. The captain, in order to be prefent the whole time of the entertain- ment, dinrd on Ihorc. Poulaho fat down by him, but would neither eat nor drink, which was owing to the prefence of a female, who had been admitted, at his r-quell, to the dining party, and who, as we were in- formed, was of fuperior rank to himfelf. This lady had no fooner dined than flic walked up to the king, who No. 56. applied his hands to her feet ; after which (he retired. He immediately dipped his fingi^rs intoa glafi of wine, and then all her atrcndarlts paid hini obeifance. At: his defire fome of our fire-works were played off in the evening; but being damaged, they did not anfwcr the expeditions of the fpcdators. No more entertainments being cxpeded oh cithet fide, moft of the natives had defcrted us the day aftet Poulaho's haiva. .Still, however, we had thieves about us, and exjierienced continual inllances of their depre- dations. Mr. Nelfon being alone, oil the hills and rocks, collecHng plants and herbs, and at a confiderabli diftance from the Ihips, was attacked by live or fix iilanders, who lirft began by throwing ftoncs, at which they arc very dexterous; and then finding he had no fire-arms, doled in with him, ftript him of his cloaths, and bag. which were all that he had about him. Cap- tain Cook complained to the king; but the nrtcnders, upon enquiry, being found to be boya, and the cloatljs, and bag of plants, of ftnall value, Mr. NlHod, un- willing to embroil the inhabitants in any nioicdilputes, interceded with the captain, as we were- ju(l upon our departure, not l(i hiake his hi'i an obji-d of content tion. but 10 take leave of the chi.ls in the moll friendly manner, who, upon the whole, hail behaved with un- conimon kindnefs and gcnciolity. S )nie of the olliccri of both fliips, who had made an excurlion into the in- terior pins of the ifland, returned on the 2.1: !, in the evening, .iftera,' abfenec of two days. They had taken their iiiulketi aii.i necellary ainmunition uitb :l>cm.bc- lidisfeveral fnull aiielcs, thewhole ofwhichthc nativei had the dexteriiy to llc.il from them, in ihccourlcof their fliort journey. Inconveii::-nt ((mi- |ucnces were likelv :./ have attendv-d this afiair; for when our jilimJereil travellers returned, they employed Omiah, witliout con- fulting Captain Cook, to couiplain to the king of the treatment iliej liad received, lie, not knouing how the captain would proceed in this alTaIr, and appiei, end- ing that he might again lay him under i\llr..i;n, ftt otf early the nex: morning, and leenou foll()W(d his ex- ample; fo that not i chief of any authority wa> now re- mainin.i; in this neighl>ourhooJ. The captain wai much oiliiided at this olVui xis inierfcreiue, ami repri- manded Omiah lor the lame. Upon this Oii\iah en- deavoured to bring ba(k his friend l-'cenou, and he fuc- ceeded in his negotiation, by alliiring him, '!-.i no vi;)lent meafiiics Would be piir(iii"d to oblige ihc ivi'.ives to return the llolcn things, 'i'nifting to tins declara- tion, I'cenou came back in the evening, and was re- ceived favoiiraiily. Poulaho alfo honoured us with his company Jie next day. The t»o < hiels, upon this occalion, sery jiiflly obferved to us, tliat, whenever any "of our people wanted to take an excurlion into the country, they ought to be made acquainted with it, that they might order prooer peo[)lc to attend them, to prevent fuch oiiir.iijes. Though the captain did not afterwards endc.ivour to recoxcr the articles taken upon this occalion, rl • whole of them were returned, through the interpofition of Feenou, except .me in.ifket, and A few other triHes. By thi.-i time alio, we recovered the tools and ot'iier mailers that had been ftolen from ouf workmen. In a journal belonging to a perfon on board the Difcovery, we find the tbltowing remark: " During our ftay here, more capital thefts were com- mitted, and more Indians piin'lhcd than in all the Frier dy lllands belid^.s: one was pimiftied with 72 laftics, ibr ftcal'ig on'v a knife; another with ^6, f'^r endeavouring to carry olft ..o or three d' inWng glallics; three were punillud with three doZen each, for heav- ing ftones at the woixlers ; but, what was ftill more cruel, a man for attempting to carry olVanaxe, wps ordered to have his arm cut to the bone; which he Iwre without complaining. It is not to he wondered, that after fuch wanton aois of cruelty, the inhabitants Ihould grow outrageous; and, though they did not break out intc* open acts of hollility, yet they watched every oppor- tunity to be vexatious." This journalift cannot we think fpcak from his knowledge, and muft have bcvn milinformcd; for, in the firft place, wc beg leave to ob- ferve, that fuch I'everepuniftiments as three and iix do- 6 A iin % n ■i I I 46* Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. w I w zcn lufhi-s are very feldotn inHUtcd on board a king'i fliip, and then on^ for enormous oflfencci ; and, in the next place, the whole of the above memorandum con- tradict* all the moi\ authentic accounts of the kind behaviour of the natives of the Friendly Mm, and like- wife the well known humanity of our generous com- mander. Wc think it ourdiity to give a faithful detail of faets and occurrences, from the bcft authorities t nor is it Icfs incumltent on us, to correal ail errors and miftakes that -niay conic under our obfervation : thefc two obligations nave hitherto been the objeAa of our careful attention; and wc hope, in the opinion of our friends and fubl'crilKrs, wc Oiall be tbund to have ful- filled ihcm Mi'h a fcrupulous puniftuality. Wcdnofday the 25th, two boat* that liad been fcnt in fcarch of a commodious channel to fea, returned. Our people reported, that the channel to the north, through «hich we came in, was imminently dangerouii, being full of coral-rocks; hut that there was a good pafliige to the call ward, though contraded, in one place, by the fmall i Hands ; confequently a wcfterly wind wuikl be nectJliiry to get through it. The fliips being now completely Aowcd, having wood and water as mucli as tliiy could make room for, with hogs and brcail-lruit in ahumUmc, in fliort everything they could contain or the cnws dclire, orders were given to prepnic (or fail.ng; and «e intended to vilit the ceic bratcil It'lc illaii.l of Middlcburgh, of which foaner voyagers have giv in .1 iiu)ft Hutering defer ption : but asan cclipri; ot (he fun was expected to be vi(U)le on the filth ot mxt month, the captain determined to lUy till that cinie, in oidir to obicrve it. Having now fomc (lays ol Ici'iirc before wc fet fail, a party ot us, accompanicil by Poubho, fet out the next morning;, being lliurfJay the 26th, in a boat, for M.>()a, a linall vii.ige, where mod of the great chiefs ufually rclkk'. Rowing up the inlet, wc faw 14 canoes filhing in com- pany, in one of which was PiKilaho's fon ; they had taken fome fine mullets, and put a do/.cn of them into our boat. In each canoe wus a triangular net, extended between two poles, at the lower end whereof was a cod to receive and feture the lilh. Tiuy (hewed us their imchod of filliing. which appeared to be an cfTedual oiw. A flioal ol'lilh was fup|)ofed to be upon one of the banks, which iheyinrtanily enclofcd in a long net like our fciiie. This the rithcrnun, one getting into the water out of each boat, furrounded with the tiian- gular nets in their hands, with whi( h they ("((xipcd the fitli o'.it of the feme, or caught tiicm as they at- tempted to leap over it. Taking leave of the prince and his lilliing paty, wc rowed to the bottom of the bay, and landed where we had dixie bcf re, when we went to vilit Mirecwagee. As foon as wc landed, the king dcliicd Omiah to lel! me, rh it 1 need be iiHler no api>rehenli(>ii about tiie boat, or any thing in her, for that not a fingleaiticle woiilil be touched, or purloined by any one of his people, which we found afterwards to be true. We were immediately conduced to one of Poulaho's houfcs, which, though tolerably large, fccn(cd to be his priviitc place of relidcnce. and is fitu- atec! vithin a plantation. The king featcd himfelf at one end of the houfe. and his vifltants fat down in a fcmi-circle at the other end. A bowl of Kava was (bcedily prepared, and direcflions were given to bake fomc yams. While ihefe were getting ready, fomc of ui, together with a few of the king's attendants, and Omiah u interpreter, walked cut 10 uke a view of a Fiatooka, or burying-place, at a fmall diftance from the habitation. It bclonp;ed to the king, and confided of three pretty large lioulcs; fituatedon a rifing ground, mt|i a fmall one not faroti', all Handing in a line Ict^hwife. The largetl of the three was the middle houfc, which was placed in an oblong fquarc, 24 paces by 18, and elevated about three feet. The other houfes were placed on little mounts. On the floors of thefc houfes, as alfo on the topi of the mount!>, were fine loofe pebbles : and the whole was enclofcd by large flat (lonci of coral-rock. One of the buildings was open on one itde, and two wooden bulls of men, rudely carved, were within it. Wc enquired of the natives 3 who followed ui (but were not permitted ti» enter here) what thefc images were? Who informed ui they were intended for merorialt of fomc chieiii who Ind been buried in that place, and not meant at the reprefenta- tivci of any dci». Such monumental cdificet, it ia prcfumed, are Icldom raifed; for thefe appntred to have been credled manv ages. We were mformcd, that dead bodies had been buried in each of thefc houfes, but no traces of them were to be feen. The carved head of an Otaheite canoe, which had been driven alliore on their coaft, wu dcpo/ited in one of them. At the foot of the rifing ground was a giafs- plot, whereon different large trees were planted j among which were fcveral large ones, called Etoa. They greatly refemWc the cypreft, and have a folcmn effecfl. A row of low palms was alfo planted near one of the houfes. After having refrefhed ourfelve> with fomc piovifions, which we had brought from our fhips, wc took a pretty large circuit into the country, attended by one of the king"* minifters, who would not fuffer any of the rabble to follow us, and obliged thofe whom wc met in our ex- curiion, to lit down while we were pafling ; a mark of refpect fliewn only to their fovercigns. In our pro- grefs we obferved the greateft part of the country to be cultivated t being planted with var.otis kinds of produefions, and moll of thefc plantations were en- clofcd with fences. It is tme, fomc fpots were ul- lov« ; there were alfo others that remained in a ftatc of nature; and, yet even thefc laft were of public utility, in alfording the natives timber, as they were generally covered with trees. We faw likewile, in our walk, fc- vir.il large uninhabited idands (belonging as we were toKl to the king) many public roads, and abundance of loot-paths leading to every part of the illand. Hence tiavilling v«as rendered eafy and pleal'ant : but it is re- markable, that when we were on the moll elevated (pots o( ground, 100 fat at leall, above the level of the (la, we often met with the fame coral rock found on the lliore, projecting above the furface ; and having all thofe unequalities, ufually feen in rocks that lie within ihewalh of the tide; and yet, thole very fpots, almoft wholly dcl^itiite of foil, were covered with luxuriant vegetation. Our guide conducted us to fcveral little pools, and to fomc fprings of water; but in general, they were either (linking or brackilhj though thought by the natives to be excellent. The former were molUy inland, and the latter near the fliore of the bay, and below high water mark ; fo ihar only when the tide was out tolerable water could be taken up from them. In the dufk of the evening, we returned from our walk, and found our fupper ready. It confided ol fi(h, yams, and a baked hog, in which all the culinary arts had been difplayed. I'herc being nothing tn amufe us after fupper, wc lay down to fleep, according to the cuftom of the country, on mats fpread ujwn the floor, and had a covering of cloth. The king, who had made himfelf very happy with fome of our wine and brandy, flcpt in the houfe, as did many others of the natives. Before day-break, th< y all rnfc, and entered into con verfation by i.noon-light. As foon as it was day, they difperfed different ways 1 but it was not long before they all returned, accompanied by feveral of their countryiTKn. While they were preparing a bowl of Kava, Captain Cook went to pyaviiit to foobou. Captain Furneaux's friend, who had a houfe not far dillant, which, for fize and ncatnefs was hardly exceed-. cd in the place. He:c alfo we fotnul a company pre- paring a moming draught, I'lic chicr made a prefcnt to tiic Captain of a live hng, and one that vvii* baked ; alfo a quantity of yams, and a large i)icci.- of cloth. When wc returned to the kin % wc founJ him and his attendants drinking the fccnnd bowl of Kava. That be- ing emptied, he intormcd Onuah, thpt he as imme- diately going to perform a mourning ceremony, called Toogc, in memory of a Ion who had been dead (ome time, and defired us to accomjianv him. Natur.;lly cx- pe(fling to fee fomewhat new and curious, we readily complied with his rci^uelf. The lirll thing the king did, was to ftep out ol the houfc. attended by two old women. { ft .i>i *-» > I— < 7i O > to III . |i» Tl r\ i. s I 'ii'i :^^.- ,.™. It '!>?* ir i U^i ■n it '■■Vf' Hi't m ij II m, ■ ■ « '7.. >;»' ./c ,i?!K»., ••./*//• ^Jt""- A^ /®{%^V / ^ ^ X *"jS*^- «4 k (^."■Ij I *'&■'"■ '.'V: K'% IHIKI^ mi LAuT VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCtAN. fire. 463 ^ -■' ■^■/'% -- women WKi put on i» iiew clo«fhing. over which WM placed «n old ragged mat. that might have fcrved hu inat KTandtaiher upon a timilar occation. Hu at- tendanti were habited in the fame manner, exceptmg that, in point of antiquity, none of their mats could vie with that of their inal»er. Thu« cquipinrd, wc marched off preceded by ci}on as the Kava was drank out, they all role up and d rperfed ; I'oulaho, at the fame time, mlormed us, he was now ready to attend us to the fliips. The Kava is a fpecics of pepper, branching conliderably, with large heart-rtufied leaves, and jointed ftorks. The natives eftcem it a valuable article, uking great care to lielcnd the young plants from injury, which they generally fet about their houies. They do not often exceed, when lull grown, the height of a man, though we h ive fccn foiiie much higher. The root is the only jwrt ufed at thefe illands, from whence thcii favourite potation is extraUed, The quantity put into each cup is about a quarter ot a pint. It has no percep- tible ertecl on thefe people, who ufe it fo frequently ; but on fomc of ours it operated iikc our fpirits, occa- lioning intoxication, or rather flu pc faction. The mourning ceremony being over, to our no fm.ill dif- ap|.)i>intinent, we left Mooa, and fet out on our return to the lliips. Rowing down the inlet, we met with two canoes returning from fiftning. Poulaho ordered them to approach him, and took tiom them every filh and Ihcll. He afterwards rtoppcd two other canoes, fearchcd them, and found nothing. I le g.ive us fomc of the filh, and the rell were fold by his fervants on fapard the Ihip. Proceeding down the inlet, we over- took a large (ailing c inoe, when every pcrfon on board her fat down till wc had palTed ; even the man who Iteered, though he could nutpollibly manage the helm, but in a ftanding polhirc. Having been informed by Poulaho and others, that there was Ibmc good water at Onevy, afmall illand, alwut a league from the mouth of the inlet, we landed there, but found it extremely brackifh. This ifland is quite in its natural ftatc, and only frequented as a fifliing-placci having nearly the fame produdtions as Palm-rllon's Illand. When wc reached the fliip, a d ^ jt on board, wc were informed, that every thing \ud conrinued quiet during our ab- fence ; not a fingl ; thcit Saving been committed ; ot which Feenou, ar.l Fut^ifirlhe, the king's brother, who had undertaken tl '; m«n,vgi:ment of his ct)untrymcn, during ourabfcnc<, boatiko not a little. 'Ihis evinces what power the chicifs h;»vc, when they arc difpoied to I execute it ; which is not often to be expeifted 1 for whatever wai ftolen from ui, was generally conveyed to them. But the good condudl of the natives was of (hort duration, for, Saturday the 38th, fix of them affaulted fome of our people, who were fnwine planks ; in confequence of which they were fired at by our fentry: one of them was fuppofcd tn be wounded, and three were made prilbncrs. The latter were confined till night, when they were pimifhed, and fet at liberty. After this their behaviour was very decent and circumfpcdf i oc- cafioned, as we thought, by the man being wounded j. for, till this time, they had onlv heard of the eftedl of our fire-arms, but now they hatl felt it. We were not miftakcn in our cunjcdute, for Mr. King and Mr. An- derfon, in an cxcurlion they took into the country, met with the very man, and found indubitable marks of his • having been wounded with a mufket ball. Nothing worthy of notice happened at the fliips for two days I we fliall therefore fill up that interval with ait account of Mr. Anderfon's excurlion into the coun- try, juft mcmioned. dn Monday the 30th, Mr. King and Mr. Anderfort accompanied J^uttafaihe as vifitors to hi,s hbufc, which is not far from that of his brother Poulaho,* at Mooa. Soon after they arrived a guAJ fi7,ed hog was killed, w hich was effected by repeated ftrokes upon the head. The hair was then curioufly fcrapcd off with the Iharp edge oi pieces of bamboo, and the entrails taken out by the famefiinplc inllrument. Previous to this an oven hul heen prepared, which was a lirge hole dug in the earth, the bottom of whith was covered with ftoncs, about the (izc of a man's lift, and made red hot bv kindling a fire over them : they then wrapped fome of ihofc lioncs in leaves of the bread-fruit-tree, \.ith which they filled the hog's belly ; ftulTing in a quantity of leaves, anil a plug of the fame kind, to prevent their tailing out. This being done, the carcais was placed upon fome fticks laid acrofs the ftones, and covered with plantain-leaves. The earth was afterwards dug up all round ; and the oven being thus effedlually I lofcd, the operation of baking required no farther aid. While this was doing, our gentlemen amiifird them, felvej by walking about the country, but faw nothing remnrkable, except a Fiatooka, about 30 feet high. At a finall diftancc therefrom, were feveral Etooa-tree*, thereon they faw a great number of Ternatc-bars, making a inoft difagrceable noife. Not having their luifkets with them at this time, they could not kill any, but fomc taken at Annamooka, meafured almoft a yard, when the wings were extended. On their re- turn to Fiittafaihc's dwelling, the baked hog was brought out. accompanied with fome cocoa-nuts, and feveral bafkets of baked yams. The perfon who pre- pared the hog in the morning, now cut it up in a mafterly manner, with a knifie made of fplit bamboo. Ihoiigh the weight was, at leaft, nearly fcven llonc, the whole was placed before them; when they took a fmall part, and defired the refl might be diftributed among the people fitting round. Futtafaihc could hardly be prevailed upon to cat a morfel. Dinner be-- ingended, we wci.t w'th liim, and his attendants, to the fpot where Pf 'iliin ',« :>iourning ceremony was per- formed. They fav iifhhiiig but a kind of continuation of the fame foleiim rites, by way of condolence. Upon enquiring into the rtafon of this tranfadlion, they wee informed, that it was in memory of a chief who had long lincc died at Vavaoo ; that they had pradtifed it ever fince, and fhould continue to do fo for a confide- rablc length of time to come. In the evening, they vcre entertained with a pig for fuppcr, dreffcd like iric hog, and. as that, accompanied with yams and I ocoa nuts. When fupper was over, a large quantity of cloth was brought for them to lleep on ; but they were ditturbed in their repofc, by a lingular piece of luxury, wi'.h which men of confequence in this ifland indulge themfclves, namely, that of bcin<' d or patted, till and while ihey are ailccp. ' Ho fat by Futtafaihc, performed this orti. toogc tooge, by ftriking his body 1. ,o[ ?^ ifts. m ' 464 Capt. C O O Ks VOYAGES C () M I' L li T K. filh, till he fell allccp, and with fonie intcrvah, con- tinual it the whole night. If the pcrfon is aflcrp, they abate a little of the lUength ami brilknef* of the bejiinf; : Init if they obfcrvc the Icall appearance of his awaking, they refumc it. In the morning they ucre inlorincil, that Futtafaihc's women relieved each other, and went alternately to flcep. Such a prac- tifc as this, in any other country, would be fuppofed to be delhuotivc of all rcll i but here it operates like an upiutc, and llrongly points out what habit viil cH'ei'>. The noife occafioned by this extraordinary cuftoni, was not the only bar to their llecping i for the people who p.'lHd the night in the houfe, not only tonvcrfed frequently with each other, a* in the day- time; but all got up licfore it was light, and made a hearty meal on lilli and yams, which were brought to them bv a perfon, who feemed to be well acqiiaintc.l with the ufual or appointed time of their nocturnal repalh The next morning, being July the ift, they w.ilked down the eaft-lide of the bay to the point, .-icconipa- nied by I'uttaiaihe. l he country appeared in » line ft.ne of cultivation, Ixit not fo many incloftircs as at Mooa ; and among the great number of platnain-lields, there w.is o-ie at leall a mile lon^. in ixcellent order, everv tree growing with gaat Mgour. 'I"hey tinind, that m travelling, I'uttafaihc exercifed a power, which evinced t lie great authority the principal men are in- veiled with. I'o one place he fent for iilh ; to another for yams, ice. and hi,s orders were as readily obeyed as if he had been ablblme I'ulUr of all the peoples pro- perty. When we came to the point fomething was lii-ntu)!U'd by the natives concerning a man, who, they Jaivl, 111 ' I"' u\d at b\ one of our guard; and upon our diliii.*)', to fee tlu- perfon, they conducted us to a houfe, wherein was a man who had been lliot through tlie lluMildcr, but not ilangeroully. I'lie ball had en- tered a little abo\e the inner part of ihe collar- bone; and palled out obliquely backward. I'rom the Hate of the wound, aiul feveial particular circutnltaiices, we were certain, that he was the perfon who had been fired at bv one of our feniinels, three days before; though politivc orders liad been given, that none of our people llumld load their pieces with any thing but finall lliot. There were many of them readv to fwear thev had loadeil only with thefc; and how the fingle mutkcL happened to be that day charged with ball, Captiun Cook could never linii out. Uur gentlemen gave foiiic directions how to manage the wound, to which lU) remedy had been applied; and the natives ieemed pleafcd, when they were informed it would get wvU m a certain time. B'lt on their departure, they lequerted of them to fend the wounded man fomc yam>, and incd to remain. The captain deligned to have left a Turkey-cock and hen j but two hens having been deOroyed by accident, and wflliing to c arry the breed to Ouheitc, he referveil the only remaining |\-iir for that place. We had brought three hens tothcfe illands, one of which was llrangled, and the other was killed by a ufelefs dog Iwlonging to one ot our olHcers. The cap- fain afterwanU re()entcif his not having given the pretcrence to Tongataboo, as the prcfent would have been more valued there than at Otaheire; and he was perfuaded the natives of the former illind would have taken more pains to multiply the breed. On the jd, we unmoored, worked out of the bav, ami moved the (hips behind rangiiiuKlo<\ where we lay in readiiuls, til take the .advantage of a fa\oiirable wind, i • take ii» through the gut, in our way fo F.ooa-whe, or iVtiildle- burgh. The kinir, who this ilay din.d with uj, took particular notice of the plates; which the captain oli- lerving, made him an orterot one, either of pewter, or earthen-ware: he made choici o\ the full, and men- tionid the liveral ulistowhuhhc intended to apply ii ; two of which wltc fo very extraordinary that they dtlervc to \k related. Whenever he llioiild vilit any of the other illands, he laid he would leave this plate behind him at I'ongaiaboo. as his repiefcniatlve, that the people might, in his abfence, pay it the homage due to himlelf in pcrfon. On being alked, how he had uf.ially Iwen reprefented in his abfence, betiire he was in pollellion of a plate, he inlbrmeil us, that this lin- gular honour had always been conlerred on a wooilen I'owl, in which he walhed his hands. The other ufe to which he meant to apply the plate inlUad of the bowl, was to difcover a thief. When any thing had beert Ifolen, and the thief not detected, the people were nf- fembled before him, when he walhed his hands in the velfel. After this it was cleanfed, and every man ad- vanced, and touched it with his hand, in the fame manner as they touch his loot when they olfer him obeifance. If touched by thcguilry perfon, he dropped down ilead iinmediately ; and if any one refufed to touch it, fuch lefulal was conlidered as a fulficient proof of guilt. On Saturday the 5th, the ilay of the cclipfe, the weather in the morning was cloudy, with fome lliowers of rain. About nine o'clock, the fun broke out at fliort intervals for about half an hour, but was totally obfcured jull before the commencement of the cf lipfc. The fun again appeared at intervals till about the middle of the ecliplc; but wa'i fecn no more during the reiiiHinderof theday, fo that we could not obferve ih? eml. This difa|)pointmcnt was the lels to be lamented, as the longitude was fulHciently deter- mined by lunar obfervations. The cclipfe being over, we packed up the inftruments, took down the obfer- vatories, and every thing was coiuwcd on board. None of the natives having taken the leaft notice or care of the (liecp allotteil to Mareewaj;ce, thj captain ordered them to be carried back to the lliips. I Ic was apprehenlive, that if he Ihould leave them there, they would probably be deltroyed by the dogs. Thefe ani- mals did not exifl upon the illand in 1775, when Cap- tain Cook tirlt vifitcd it ; but there are now plenty of them among the chiefs, partly from the brcctl fince that time, and partly from fome imported from an' illand not very remote, called I'ecjee. At prcfent, however, the dogs have not got into any of the Friendly Illands, except Tongataboo. We Ihall here add fomc particulars about this and its produdlion.i, for which we arc indebted to Mr. Anderfon. He fpcnt many weeks upon it, and had many opportu- nities of gaining accurate information; and his re. fearches w ill fupply the impcrfedions or deficiencies, i;i our former account of this illand ; but for thefe particulars, we beg leave to refer our readers to the chapter following. CHAPJ hofc thiir Mcrc cd to have left having been jrry the breed ^ |>air tor that i'e illunitj, one is killed by a s. The cap- j; piven the ic wuiiKi have ; and he wni 1 would have On the 3d, id moved the in n-adiueCs, id, t ■ take us , or Miilille- ivith us, t(M)k c (iptain ob- i>{ pewter, or II, and inen- iled to apply iry that they )iiKl vilit any vc this plate •ntative, that ;• homage due how he had lelbrc he wa« hat this lin- m a woollen e other ufe to of the bowl, ng had been >p!c were af- liand^ in the ery mm ad- in the (iiinc icy oiler him I, he dropped ic refufed to ; a fulfii.'icnt c day of the cloudy, with jck, the fun an hour, but K-ncemcnt of intervals till fecn no more \c could not t as the lefs to iently detcr- fe be nig over, vn the obfer- d on board. :aft notice or , th;; captain ips. I Ic was m there, they Thefc ani- 5, when Cap- : now plenty ie breed fincc rtcd from «n' At prefent, any of the Vc Ihall here I prodiidlion!!, dcrfon. He lany opportu- and his re. deficiencies, but for thcfe ;adcrii to the m CHAPJ m I 1 t COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAOli— To ihc I'At IlIC OClvAN, &c. 465 / / \ C M A I». VI. /Ar (b!!ni»el^67frrvanH ihe Frirndh ijlands^llf numhr of {Jkmti ahJ ibrir mwifi—Acrcimt ef Faijoo, lUm"oa, tnJ Fffkf~-The itntrnl tharaft' r, prrfMs, manner', (nftms, liih, ami ormtmeiili «/ ibt wi.itilniils ili-fminl-^l^iirioiii nnp '' ' '' " ' '" ' iHTf, ■ ' \iHjF, Jiwr/ioHS, nuirriinr, and monriiing ftremmin-^^ij loeir Miiiet ana u... ^tbf p(mfr /inbtir f !^(rwfmfnl, audmanMr rf faym^b^^ It ihnr fovtrfifii—'lhe ny.tl family iDloytMilstftbfivmHfii and m^n of ihr Fri'-itdlv Illaiids-^Uic,, manntr 9/ ai^neullun ,ind ikiUin/; ihrir fmfrt—Fumi. rf'fanof/lMh foUitf. and mwg.la(k!,-^H rapont and in/lnmrnO »f tm^ic-^l .felaHe and awm.il food'-lhttf mihod oftixdimg, diverfiom, nhirria^r, and mwrnmj^ t(rewmiti-^Of ibeir dtiliaand rttmous opmon^^^lhfir F.nlookAt ^rixr«niYrnfibfir(birfi, fhrm i>f ^^Twrnmfnl.audmannfr rffayinbomatr It ihnr fitirmn Sptnnunorc fomcwhat like that of the fouth-fidei whereas the whole north-fidc ii en- vironed with flioals and iflands, and the ftiore within ihem low and fandy. The eaft-lide or end it, moft probably, like the louth t as the (hore begins to afluir.c a rocky appearance, towardt the N. E. point, though not above leven or eight feet high. This ifland may, with great propriety, be called a low one, as the irect, on the weft part, where we now lay at anchor, only ap- peared 1 and the eminent prt, that can be feen from a Ihip, it the S. \L point 1 though many gently rifing and declining grounds are oblcrvablc by one who is afhore. The general appearance of the country doct not afford thai beautiful kind of landfcapc that is pro- duced from a variery of hillt and valleys, lawns, rivu- lets, and cafcadet i but, at the fame tinw, it conve);t to a fpedator an idea of the moft exuberant fertility, whether we attend to the places improved by art, or thofc ftill in a natural ftatei both which yield all thrir vegetable proiluiilions with the grcatcft vigour, aiul perpetual verdure. At a diftance, the furtacc fcen»t entirely cloathed with treet of variout fizcs 1 fome of which arc very lame ; but the tall cocoa-palmt raifc their tufted heads high above the reft, and arc a noble ornament to any country that proilucet them. The boogo, afpccies of the fig, with narrow pointed leaves, is the largcfl fizcd tree upon the idandi and the moft common budiei, and fmall trcet, efpecially toward the fca, arc the pandamus, the faitanoo, feveral fortt of the hibifcus, and a few other*. A coral rock appeart to be the balitof the ifland, which is the only kind of foil that prcfcnts itfcif on the ftioro: nor did we fee the Icaft appearance of anv other ftone, except a few finall blue pebbles ftrcwea about the Fiatookas ; and a fmooth folid black ftone, fomcthing like the lapis lydius, of which the natives make their hatchets: but thcfc laft may, probably, have been brought from other iflands in the neighbourhood ; for a piece of ftatev iron-coloured ftone was bought at one of them, w hich was never feen here. Though, in many places, the coral projctils above the furfacc, the foil is, in moft pares, of a confiderablc depth. In thofe that are un- cultivated, it is, commonly, of a loofc black colour ; prtxkjced, feemingly, from rotten vegetables : under- neath which may be a clayey ftratum 1 for a foil of that kind is often feen both in the low, and in the rifmg grounds ; but efpecially in feveral places toward the uiore, where it is of any height ; and when broken o!(, appears fomctimes of a reddifli, though oftenrr of a browni ft) yellow colour, and of a pretty ftift' confif- tcnce. Where the ftiorc is low, the foil is commonly faody, or rather compofed of coral duft > which how- ever yields buftics growing with great luxuriance ; and is fometimcs plantal, not unfuccefsfully, by the natives. The climate of Tongataboo, from the utuatiun towardt No. 57. the tropic, it more variable, than in countries nearer to the line, though, perhaps, that might be owing to the feaftin of the year, which was no- '-n ..io«1cra • arc com- monly attended with f:newe.' . When they blow freflicr, the weather is often cl j .ly, though open -, and in fuch cafes, there is frequently ruin. The wind fume- timet veers to the N. li. N. N. E. or even N. N. W. but never laftt lonj', nor blows ftrong from thence 1 though it is commonly acc(>m|)anicd ny heavy lain, and clofe fultry weather. The quick fucccfl'in of vegetables has lucit alrc.uly incntioncil 1 b'lt it is not certain that the change? of weather, by which it is brought about, are roniiderabic enough to make them perceptible to the natives as to thrir method of life, or rather that they Ihould be very frnfiblc of the different feafont. This, turhaps, may l)e inferred from the ftate of thrir vcgctaole productions, which arc never fo much alfeilltd, with refped to the foliage, as to fticd that all at once 1 for every leaf is fucceedcd by another, as faft at it falls ; which cauf'rs th.it appearance of uni.^ verfal and continual fpring found here. The principal of the cultivated fruits are plantains, of which they have 1 c dlHirrent forts 1 brcid-fruit, two kinds of fruit found at Otaheite, and known thcra under the names of jamhu and cevee ; the Litter a kind of plumb i and vaft numbers of (haddocks, which. however, are found as often in a natural ftate, :;t planted. The roou are yams, of which arc two fo :s 1 one black, and fo large, that it often weighs 20 or 30 pounds I the other white and long, feldom weighing a pound. Here is a large root, called kapp.';onc, not unlike our white potatoes, called mawhaha ■ :hc talo, or coccos of other placet; and another, naiiicd jecjee. Bcfides valt numbers of cocoa-nut trees, here are three other forts of palms, two of hich - very fcarce. One of them is calleii beeno ; t iiicl (• ■ ws almoft at high as the cocoa-tree, hr;H V( :y large leaves plaited like a fan, and clufters or bunches of globular nuts, not larger than a fmall piftol ball, grow ing amongft the branches, with a very hard kernel, which is fumetimcs eaten. The other is a kind of cahb.igc tree, notdlf- tingtiifhablc from the cocoa, but by being rather thicker, and by having its leaves moic r.ippin, fticking immediately to the trunk, among the eaves, which arc not eat. In this ifland is plenty of excellent fugai-canc, «hich is cultivatoi \ gourds, bamboo, turmeric, and a fpecics of fig, about the fizc of a fmall cherry, called matte, which though wild is (bmctitncs eaten. The catalogue of uncultivated Planti is too large to be enumerated. Befides the tmphis, Dccafpcrnum, Mallococca, Maha, and fome other n 23 WBT MAIN STRf ET WEBSTER, N.Y. M580 (716) •72-4503 i\ 466 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. !l: I' ' M 1 if m I'-l!'. Dr. Foner'i curious eye: but, perhaps, the difTerent feafons of the year, and his Ihort ftay, did not give him an opportunity to notice them : in our loneer flay here, not more thkn a fourth part of the trees ana plants were ■ in flower i a circumftance abfblutely neceflary, to ena- ble one todiftinguidi the various kinds. In this idand arc no other Quadrupeds but hogs, fome dogs, and a few rats. Fowls, which are of a large breed, are domedicatcd here. Of the birds are par- . rots, fomewhat fmaller than the common grey ones, having an indifferent green on the back and wings, the , tail bluifli, and the reil of a footy or chocolate browns -parraquets, not larger than a fparrow, of a fine y:llowiih green, with bright azure on the crown of thf head, and the throat and belly red ; befides another Tort as .large as a dove, with a blue crown and thighs, the throat and under part of the head crimfon, as alio part of the belly, ana the reft a beautiful green. Here arc owls, about the fize of our common ones, but of a much finer plumage ; cuckoos mentioned at FalmerlVon's Ille; king-filhers, about the fize of a thrulh, of a grecnifh blue, with a white riiu; about the jieck s and a bird of the thrulh kind, almolf as big, of a dull green coIouf, with two yellow wattles at the Dafc of the bill, which is the only finging one we heard at this place; but it compenfaces a good deal for the want of other fongftcrs, by the ftrength and melody of its notes, which fill the woods at dawn, in the evening, and at the breaking up of bad weather. The other land-birds are rails, as large as a pigeon, of a variegated grey colour, with a nifty neck; a bhick fort with red eyes, not larger than a lark ; violet s o o to which ch laftcd I. he af- ith ^t :o(lcd by I, invited, , but the nown the tnce they the wo- his right as a pre. wis, with ains. In n, a Chi- which he fdigrilty, ; Captain ewed hini efhip, at was then IS ofTered put it to iving been efirous of which he to accom- s in view. This ve- :hes high, g air, that It favoured any time now ready rn through too early, a-efore un- unlefs we ling wind, irelcnt at b ted us, who Accord- re, repaired e exhibited. )wcd them. IS to be ini- h was, that had not hU le morning, ;ing, with a thin a fmall (ied in pre- iquor for us, nds, and to for the cerc- About ten a before thb 9ad, opening s and clubs, nfiil accents, 9 WW contt- many people tied to the before thofe \t length the nfelves upon wn by them. The bearers was taken up sit (hotflders. es, of ten or , with a rapid ho had a club reveral othen, two hundred n, which 'Was living pigeon. a(k the chief 1 fo much fo- e u* the infor> mation A ' I , li '■:: ij i\ :i I,: i': ' if ip ■* t;^ ■•V 'iff— iiiniiliiiii i Ml III ' ..P0PK> THIRD and l-AST VOYAGE— To. the PACIFIC CiCEAN, &c. 467 ,. ■ ' i, .4- "•■■:■ S-i -";>-. Ilk .t*<:5r.-'f-;^'' •*^^''r''^i inttion we required : fome of us, therefore, follov ed the procefHon, feemingly contrary to his inciipucion. They ftpppR^ before a, Morai, or Featooka of one hoate, ffaiidirtg upp^ f inruht, about a quarter of a jhilefrom thjB place whf(« they had firft afleinbicd. Here they depbfited the yams, and gathered them into bundles t but for what purpofe we could not poflibiy Icam. Ourprefenccfeeming togive them uneafmefs, we returned to Foiilaho, who advifcd us to amufe our^ felves by walli;^(g about, as nothing would be done for a cbnfiderable tiQie. . The fear of lofing the fight of Any part of the cereniony, prevented our oein^^ long ab- fent. When we rccurhed to the king, he dcdrcd cap- tain Cook to order the boat's crew not to prcfumc to flir from the boat, for every thine would, very foon, be taboo i and if any of our people, or of their own, fhould be fecn unlking about, chey would certainly be knocked down with clubs, if they were not matccd, that U, killed. He added, that we could not be prcfent at the ceremony ; but that we (hould be placed in fuch a iituation, as to be able to fee every thing that pafled. Ourdrefs was particularly objedled to, and Me were told, that, to qualify us to be prcfent, we mu(\ be naked kMlow as the brealV. that our hats mud be off, and our hair untied. Omiah agreed readily to conform to thefe requifitcs, and immediately began to (trip t but other objections were then ftarced, and he was ex- cluded equally with ourfclves. Not relifhing this reftridion, the Captain ftole out, to fee what might now be going forward. Very few people, however, were to be feen, except thofe who were drcflcd to at- tend th< ceremony j fome of whorn had in their hands fmali poles, about four feet in length, to the under part of which were faftcned two or three other fmall fticks, about lix inches long. Thefe men were going towards the Morai. The Captain took the (iime road, and was frequently Aoppcd by then), all crying out taboo. How- ever, he ventured to go forward till he came in fight of the Morai, and of the people fitting before it. He was now flrongly urged to go back, and, not knowing what might be the confequence of a refufal, he com- plied. He had obferved, that thofe who carried the poles, palTcd the Morai ; and guefling from this cir- icumliance, that fomething was tranfading beyond it, he had fome thoughts of advancing, by making a iDunc* for this purpofe t but he was fo narrowly ob- ferved by three men, that he had no opportunity of carrying his defign into execution. In order to diake off there three fellows, he returned to the Malaee, where he had parted from the king, and afterwards made an elopement a fecond time; but he inftantly met Vith the fame men, who had doubtlefs received in- lirudions to watch him. However, the Captain paid no attention to them, but proceeded onward till he came within fight of the king's principal Fiatooka, or Morai ; before which a great number of people were fitting, being thofe whom he had juft feen before pafs by the moral, from whence this was but a little didant. Perceiving, while he was confidering v/hat he Ihould do, that he could obferve the proceedings of this com- pany from the , king's plantation, he repaired thither, accompanied by feveral of his people. The number of perfons at the Fiatooka continued increafing for fome time; and at length, they quitted their fitting pofture, and marched off in proceflion. They walked in jjairs, every pair carrying between them, one of the finall poles on their fiioulders. We were informed, that the fmair pieces of fticks, faflened to the poles, were yams : it is therefore probable, that they were meant to reprefent that root emblematically. The hindmoft man of each couple placed one of his hands 10 the middle of the pole, as if it were not ftrong enough tocarrv the weight that hung upon it, and under which they all feemed to bend as they proceeded. This pro- ceflion confifted of one hundred and eight pairs, chiefly then or rank. Having feen them all pafs, we repaired to Poulaho'a houfe, and faw him going out. We were •*** PCfinitted to follow him; but were immediately conduced to the place allotted to us. behind a fence ad- i'oining to the area of the, Fiatooka^ where the yams had leen (Kpofited in the morning. When arrived at our flatiori, we faw two or three hundred pcrfoh*i fitting on the grafs, near the end of the road opening intn the area of the Morai ; and others were continually joining them. At length, ar- rived a few men, each carrying fome fmall poles and branches, or leaves of the cocoa-nut tree. As foon as they appeared, an old man feat(d himfeif in the road, and pronounced a lone oration in a fcrious majcflic tone. He then retired, and the others advancing to the middle of the area, began to ered a fmall fhcd or hut; employing, for that purpofe, the materials already mentioned. Their work being finiflied.thcy all fquatted down for a moment before it, then rofe up, and joined the reft of the company. Foulaho's fon arrived foon after, preceded by four or five male attendants. After them apixared about twelve or fourteen women of thrf firft rank, advancing flowly in pairs, each pair carrying between them a narrow piece of white cloth, about two or three yards in length. They approached the prince, fquaticd dow n before him, and wrapped fome of the pieces of cloth round his body; they then rofe up, and retired in the fame order, to fome diftance on his left, where they feated thcmfelvcs. Poulaho now made his appearance, preceded by four men, walking two and two abreatt, and fat down on his Ion's left haiu^ at a fmall diftance from him. The young prince thcii quitted his firft pofition, and feated himlelt under the fhed, with his attendants ; many others placing thcm- fclves on the grafs before this royal canopy. The prince fat facing the people, with his back to the Mo- rai. 1 hrce con'^panies, of about ten or a dozen men in each, ftarted up from among the crowd, foon after each other, and, running hadily totheoppofite fide, fat down for a few feconds; and then returned, in the fame manner, to their former ftations. To them fuc- cccded two men, each having a fmall green branch in his hand, who rofe and advanced towards the prince, fitting down for a few minutes three different times, as they approached ; and retired in the fame manner, in- clining their branches to each other as they fat. Af- terwards two others repeated the fame ceremony. The grand procelTion, which marched from the other*\lo- rai, now began to come in. As they entered the area, they proceeded to the right of the flicd, and, having proftrated themfelvcs on the grafs, depoficed their pre- tended heavy burdens, (the poles) and faced round to the prince. They then rofe up, and retired in the fame order, clofing their hands with the moft ferious afped, and feated thcmfelvcs along the front of the area. While this numerous band were entering, and depofiting their poles, three men, who fat with the prince, continued pronouncing feparate fentences, in a mournful melancholy tone. A profound filence now cnfued for a (hort time, after which a man who fat in the front of the area, began a kind of oration, during which, at feveral different times, he broke one of the poles which had been brought in. Having concluded his oration, the people fitting before the fhed, feprated, to make a lane, through which the prince and his at- tendants paffed, and the affembly clofed. Satisfied with what we had already feen, fome of our party now returned to the fliips ; but captain Cook, and fome more of the officers, remained at Mooa, to fee the conclufion of the folemnity, which was not to be till the day following. The fmall poles, which had been brought by thofe who walked in proceflion, being left on the ground, after the crowd had difperfed, the cap- tain examined, and found that, to the middle of each, two or three fmall fticks were tied, as has been related* They were probably intended as only artificial repre- fentations of finall yams. Our fupper, confifting of fifh and yams, was got ready about fcven o'clock. The king fuppcd with us, and drank fo freely of brandy and water, that he retired to bed with a fuflicient dofe. We continued the whole night in the fame houfe with him and his attendants. About one or two o'clock in the morning, on Wednefday, the 9th, they waked, con- verfed ik I '0 i ■ii 468 Capt. C O O K*s VOYAGES COMPLETE. I I - I ' I!'', I ■ 111 vericd fortibout an hour, and then went to deep again. All. ctccpt Poulaho, rofe at break of da/( foon after which, a woman, one of tho(« who g^nenillf attended Upon the king, canw in, and fitting (Mwn l» hirit, im- mediatcty bepin the fame operation that haa been prac tifcd upon Futtafaihe,.upping, or beitins gtntly, with her clenched fifts, on hu thighat bat tm«, inftead of promoting repofe, had the contraiydfcA,and he awoke. Captain Odok and Omiah paid now a vilk to the prince, who had parted from ua early in the preceding even- ing; for he did not lodge with the king, but in apart- ment* of his own, at fome diftance from his fiitncr's houfe. We found him with a circle of youths, about hisowrfage, fitting before him; alfo an old'mah and woman. There wetc others, of both fexes. employed about their ncceflary affairs, who probably belonged to his houihold. We now returned to the king, who had a crowded levee before him. confifting principally of old men. While a bowl of kava was preparing, a baked hog and yams, fmoaking hot, were introducnl j the greateft part of which fell to our iharei for thefc people, efpecially the kava drinkers, cat very little in the morning. We afterwards walked out, and vilited fevcral other chiefs, all of whom were taking their morning draught, or had already taken it. Returning to the king, we found him afleep in a retired hut, with two women patting him. AiMut 'eleven o'clock he made his appearance among us. partook of fome ftfh and yams, and asain lay down to fleep. We how left him, and waited on the prince, with a prefent of cloth, beads and other articles. There was a fufficicnt quantity of cloth to make him a complete fuit, and he -was immediately clad in his new habiliments. Proud pf his drcfs. he firft went to exhibit himfelf to his fa- ther. and then conduced Captain Cook ta his mother, with whom were about a dozen other women, of a very refpcAabte appearance. Here the princechanged his apparel, and made the Captain a prefent of two pieces of cloth which had been manufadlured in the ifland. It was now about noon. when, by appoint- ment, the Captain repaired to the palace to dinner: which was foon after ferved up. and confifted of two pigs and fome yams. The drowfy monarch was rouzed to partake of what he had ordered for our en- tertainment. Two mullets, and fome (heil-fifh. were in- troduced, as if intended for his feparate portion. But he added it to our fare, fat down with us, and made a hearty meal. Dinner being over, we were informed that the ceremony wouSd foon begin, and were ftridly enjoined not to venture out. Captain Cook had refolved, however, to peep no longer from behind the curtain, but. if poffible. to mix with the aftots themfelves. With this view he walked towards the Moral, the fcene of the fokmnity. He wasdefircd frequently to return ; but he paid no regard to the admonitions he had received, and was permitted to walk on. When arrived at the Moral, he faw a number of men feated on the fide of the area. A few alfo were fitting on the oppofite fide, and two men in the middle, with their faces towards the Moral. When Captain Cook had got into the midft of the - firft company, he was defircd to fit down, which he ac- cordingly did. Where he fat, a number of fmall bun- dles ware lying, coropofed of cocoa-nut leaves, and faftened to fticEs made into the form of hand-barrows. All the information he could get concerning them was. that they were taboo. From time to time, one or ano- ther of the company turned to thofe who were coming to join us, and made a flwrt fpeech, in which we re- marked, that the word arekce (king) was generally mentioned. Something was faid by one man that pro- ^ucod loud,burfts of laughter from all around t others, of the fpeakcrs, were alfo mucbappkuded. The Cap- tain was frequently defired to leave the place; but, at lensth. finding him determined to ftay, they requefted him to uncover hu ftioulders. In like manner as they had done. This he readily complied with, and then thev no longer fcaned uneafy at his prefence. The Wince, the women, and the king, at length appeared, as they had dona the prefxdii^ day. The prince being j^laccd under ithe Ihed, two men, each havfng a piece of m«, came, mieating fohiething in a very feriout ftrain, and put them about him. The people now began their petformances, and different comMniea ran backwaiM and forward acrolk the area, as in m fotmir day. Prefently afterwards, the two men (n'th«mi4. die of the area, made a ftiort fpeech, and thea the Hrhole companj^ rofe up, and placed themfelves belbre theflied in which the prince, and three or four men were feated. Che of the company, who fcemed very defirous of obliging the Captain, procured him fuch a fituation. that, if he could have made ufc of his eyes, nothing could have efcaped him. But it was neceffaiy to have a demure countenance and downcaft looks. The proceflion now arrived, as on the day before i a [lole, with a cocoa-nut leaf plaited round the middle of it, being carried on the (houlders of every two pcr- fons. Thefe were depoftted with the fame ccremonica as on the day before. After this fucceedcd another pitv. ceflron, compofed of men who brought bafkcts, made of palm-leaves, fuch as are generally ufcd by thofc people to carry provifions in. A third proccfTion fol- lowed, in which a variety of fmall fifh, each placed at the end of a forked 'flick, were brought. An old man, who fat on the prince's right hand, without the fhed, received the bafkets, each of which he kept in his hand, making a fiiort fpeech or prayer; then laying that afide, he called foranother, repeating the fame kind of prayer; he proceeded in this manner till he had gone through the whole number of balkcts. Two men, who. till this time, had in their hands green branches, and were ftatcd on the left, received the fifli one by one, as they were prefented to them on the forked flicks. The firil fiih they laid down on their right hand, and the liccond on their left. The third being prefented, a ftoutiih man^ who was feated behind the otner two, endeavoured to feize it, as did alfo the other two at the fame time. Thus every fiftj was contended for; but the man be- hind, on account of his difadvantageous. fituation, got only pieces; for he never quitted nis hold till the fifh was torn out of his hand. What the others got, were laid on the right and left. At laft the perfon behind got pofTcfTion of a whole fifh, the other two not even touching it. Upon this, the word mareeai (very good) was pronounced in a low voice throughout the \;hole crowd. It appeared, that he had now done all that wat expeded from him; for he did not contend for the other fifli. The peifons who brought in thefe tMdkett and fifli. delivered them fitting ; and in the fiime man- ner, the poles carried in the firft proceflion. lud been placed on the ground. At the clofc of the laft pro- ceflion, there was fpeaking fentinnents and prayiiig bf ' different perfons. Then on a fignal being given, we aU rofe up, ran fevcral paces, and fat down, with ourbacka to the prince. The Capuin was bid not to look behiikl him : but he was not difcouraged by this injundion fkom fiicing about. The prince hadnow turned his fiicc to the Moral, and from that moment he was admitted to the honour of eating with his father; and a piece of roaftcd yam was prefented to each of them for that purpofo. Soon after we turned about, forming a kind of femi- circle before the prince, and leaving an open fpace be- tween us. PrefiEntly fome men advanced towards us. two and two, bearing hrge poles upon their fhouldcrs. wavine their handj as they proceeded, and making a noife uke finging. When rfear us, they made a fhe«r of walking qukk, without advancing a fingic ftep, f^ veral men armed with large flicks, immediately ftarte4 from the crowd, aitd ran towards the new vifitors, bnc they inftantly made off, having thrown down the pdea from their fhoulders. The others attacked the poles* and having beat them moft furioufly, returned to their f ibices. The former, as they ran off, gave the chal* enge ufed here in wreftling; and, in a fhort tii|ie,'foine lofty fiellows came from the fame quarter, repeatms the challenge as they approached. 'Thef^ were rcfifteo by a company, who arrived at that inftant from the oppo* fite fide. Both parties, however, returned to their owti quarter, after having paraded about the area for fome minutes. Afterwarda, for the fpace of half an hour, meftUng M m e 'i^ il I'll,' ■i n I 'I > v. , r«:, . i' ■!( P!i I;. ■-j ..^ 1 I 1^ '^'^ Hi '"■^ '■•-fw" " ^ip >^kt. : ,^. ^y ^i.. '<• »* Nj V I '« ^ . '. i* *\ h ' a i^' V.,'-. - »» sl<« ' «<'* ', M- V . r*--- .... .r 1 /^•.' M* *'i; ^x:^ ;«: 41 ■ . . '4t ■...Hi. - -1 fl Z »-^-i ^ m^ •fus. !*'. ■ '^r CUOK's THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— lo the PACIFIC OCEAN, tec. 469 wreftlingand boxing matchei fucceedcd. Spefchw were then delivered by two men, who feited themfc IvM before the prince, with which chefolemnitj ended, and the whole »fletnbly broke up. In vain did he endeavour to find out the purport of thia folemnity, called by the natives natche. All the •nfwer we received to our emjuiriei, wai taboo, which, at hM been already obferved. u applied tomany things. There wu a folemn mvftery In the whole tranfadlionj and from the manner of performing it, as well as the t)lace where it was performed, it was evident there is a mixture of religion in the inllitution. Upon no other occafion had they regarded our drefs and de- portmentt but now it was required, that our hair Ihould flow about our (houldcrs; that we (hould be uncovered to the waift; fit croft legged; and have our hands locked together. It fliould i)C obferved alfo, that none but the principal people, and thofe who were concerned in thecercmonie:;, were admitted to aflift in the celebration of jhe folcmnity. All thefc circum- {lanccs pointed out Evidently, that they fuppofcd thcm- felves acting under the infpetflion of a fuprcme being upon this occafion. From this account of the natche, it may be confidercd as merely figurative. The few yams that werefeen the firft da;^, could not be meant as a general contribution; and it was intimated to us, that they were a portion confecrated to the Otooa, or Divinity. We were informed that, in the fpacc of thrte months, there would be rcprefented a more im- portant folemnityi on which occafion the tribute of sTongauboo. Hapaee, Vivaoo, and all the other iflands, would be brou^t to the chief, and more awfully con- firmed, by facnlicing ten human vidlims from among the people. A homd folemnity indeed! On oui in- quiring into the occafion of fo barbarous a cuftom, wc were informed that it was a nccefliiry part of the natche; and that if omitted, the Deity would dedroy their king. The day w as for fpent before the breaking up of the aiTcmbly i and as wc were at fonie diftnnce Iromthe (hips, we were impatient to fct out from Mooa. Taking leave of Poulalio, he prcllcd us car- neftly to (lay tin the next day, in order to be prcfcnt at a funeral ceremony. The wife of Marecwagee, his mothcT-in-law, had lately died; and, on account of the natche, her corps had been carried on board a ca- noe in the lagoon. He faid, that when he had paid the laft offices to her, he would attend us to Eooa; but if we did not chufe to wait, he would follow us thi- ther. Wc would gladly have been prefcnt at this cere- jnony, had not the tide been now favourable. The wind too, which had been very boi(lerous,was now mo- derate and fettled. Bcfidcs, wc were told, that the fu- neral ceremonies would continue five days, which, as the (hips lay in fuch a fituation that we could not put to Tea at pleafure, was too lon^ a time to Oay. The Captain, however, aflfurcd the King, that if he did not immediately fail, he would vi(it him again the next day. While wc were attending the na^ciie, at Mooa, the Captain ordered the horfes, bull, and other cattle, to be brought thither, thinking they would be fafcr there, than at a place that would be, in a great mea- fure, deferted, the moment after our departure. Be* fides, we had left with our friends here, a young Eng- lifli boar, and three young Englifh fows. I'hey w ere exceedingly defirous of them, naturally fuppofing they would greatly improve their own breed, which are but firuill. Feenou alfo got two rabbits from us, a buck and a doe, from which young ones were produced be- fore we fiiiled. Should the cattle profper, the acqui- fition to thcfe iflanda will be great ; and as Tongataboo is a fine level country,, the horfes will be extremely ufeful. Wc now all, the evening being far advanced, took leave of th« king, and arrived at our (hips about eight o'clock. On Thurfday, the loth, we weighed, about eight o'clock A. M. and with a fteady gale at S. E. turned through the channel, between the fnuU ifles, called Makkahaa, and Monooafai, it being much wider than the channel between the laft mentioned ifland and Pangimodoo. The flood, at firft fct ftrong in our fa> No- 57- [ vour, till we were the length of the channel leading up to the lagooHi where theeaftward Hood meets that from the weft. This, Nvith the indraught of the lagoon, and of the Ihoals before it, occaiions ftrong riphngi and whirlpools. Bcfidcs thcfe difadvantages, the depth of the channel excieds the length of a cable 1 confcqucntiy there can be no anchorage, except tlofe to the rocks, in forty and forty-five fathoms water. Where a (liip would be cxpofcd to the whirlpooU. The Captain, therefore, abandoned the dcfign he had formed of com- ing to an anchor, when we were t+irough the narroVsj and afterwards of making an cxcurfion to fee the fune.> ral. He rather chofc to oc abfcnt from that ceremony, than to leave the (hips in fo dangerous a fituation. We plied to windward, between the two tides, till it was near high water, without cither gaining or lofing an inch, when wc fuddenly got into the influence of the eaftcrn tide, where we expcded the ebb torunftrongly in our favour. It proved, however, very inconfulcr- ahle: at any other time it would not have been no-^ ticed: but by this circuniftance we were led to con.< elude, that niofl of the water, which flows into the la- goon, comes from the N. W. and returns the fame way. Convinced that wc could not get to fea before it was dark, wc caft anchor under the (horc of Tongataboo, in 4$ fathoms water. The Difcovery dropped her an-" chor under our flcin; but drove off the tank before the anchor took hold, and did not recover it till ncai" midnight. On Friday, tlie nth, near noon, we weighed and plied to the callward. At ten o'clock P. M. we weathered the call end of the illand, and flretched away for Middleburgh', which the inhabitants call Eooa, or Ea-oowhe. Wc anchored about eight o'clock A. M. of the 1 Jth, on the S. W. fide of the ifland, ih 40 fa- thoms water, over a bottom of fand, interfperfcd with coral rocks; the extremes of the ifland extending from N. 40 deg. E. to S. 2 2 deg. W. the high land of Eooa, S. 45 deg. E. and Tongataboo, from N. 70 deg. W. to N. 19 deg. W. diftant about half a mile from the (horc 1 being nearly the fame place where Captain Cook took his Itation in 1773, and which he named Engli(h Road. We had no fooner anchored, than the natives came on board with an littic ceremony, as if they had been ac- quainted with us for many years. They brought uS the produce of the ifland: but being already fupplied with every neccHary of that kind, our chief traflic was for birds and feathers. Here the parrots and parro- ?|uets were of the moft beautiful plumage, far (urpaf- ing thofe ufually imported into I.urope from tlie In- dies ; there are a great variety of other birds, on which many gentlemen in both rtiips put a great value, though they were piirchafcd for trifles. The feathers we pro- cured, v/erer ' ii vers colours, for difi'crent markets, but chiefly forth :.i. irjuefas and Society Ifles. We alfo purchafed clot! and many other articles of curious workmanrtiip, tlie artifcs of this ifland, for invention and ingenuity in the execution, exceeding thofe of all the other iflands in the South Seas: but what particu-* larly invitnd our (lay here, was the richnefs of thegrafs, which, made into hay, proved excellent food for our live flrock. Among others, Taoofa the chief, vifited us on board, and fcemed to rejoice much at our arri- val. This perfon had been Captain Cook's Tayo, in 1773, and, therefore, they were not (Irangersto each other. The Captain accompanied him a(hore in fearch of fredi water, the procuring of which was the main objedl which brought us to Middleburgh. VVe had heard at Amfterdamof a (Iream at this illand, which, it was faid, runs from the hills into the fea: but this was not to be found. The Captain was conduced tp a brackifli fpring, among rocks, between low and high- water mark. When they perceived, that wc did not approve of this, wc were (hewn a little way into the illand; where, in adecpchafm, wc found fome excel- lent water; which, at the expence of fome time and trouble, might be conveyed to the (hore, by means of fpouts and troughs, provided for that purpofe : but ra- ther than undertake fo tedious a talk, we refted con- tented with the fupply the flm» had received at Ton- gataboo. At this ifland of Eooa w^ landed the ram 6 C ^A (', h9 I, "ii \: 4TO Capt. COOK'S VOYAOES COMPLETE. m\: ' and two cwn, of the Cape of Good Hope breed, and cotnntitted them to the care of Taoofa, who Teemed protid of his charse. It was, perhaps, a fortunate cir- aimdance, that Vlarecwagce, for whom they were in- tended, had (lighted the prefcnt i for as Eooa had no 6og» upon it, at prefcnt, it feemed to be a fitter place for feeding (brcp than Tongataboo. While we lay at anchor, the ifland of Rnoa, or Middlcburgh, had a very dilfcrcnt afped from an^ one that we had lately feen, and formed a mod beautiful landfrapr. It is the highed of any wc had fecn lincc wc had left New Zea- land, and from its fummit, which appears to be almod flat, declines gradually towards the lea. The other iflcs, which form this clurter, being level, the eye cannot difcover anv thing except the trees that cover them : but here the land, riling gently upwards, prefents an extenfive profped, where groves, in beautiful dif- order, are interfpcrfcd at irregular diOanccs. Near the fhore, it is auite Ihaded with a variety of trees, among which are placed the habitations of the natives, and to the right of our ftation was one of the moft exten- five groves of cocoa-palms that we had ever fccn. Sunday the 13th, a party of us, in the afternoon, afcended to the highi-ll part of the ifland, a little to the right of our fliips, to have a perfcdl view of the country. Having advanced about half way up, we croflrd a deep valley, the bottom and fides of which were covered w ith trees. Wc found plenty of coral till wc approached the fuminits of the higheft hills: the foil near the top, is in general, a rcddilh clay, which in many places is very deep. On the moft elevated Eart of the ifland, wc ftwa round platform, fupperted y a wall of coral ftoncs. Our guides informed us, that this mount had been ereded by command of their chief; and the principal people fometimcs reforted there to drink kava. They called it Etchee, by which name an crcdion wa» diftinguiflied which we had fecn at Tongataboo. At a fmall diftance from it was a fpring of moft excellent water; and, about A mile lower down, a ftream, which, wc were told, ran into the fea, when the rains are copious. We alio dif- covered water in fevcral fmall holes, and fuppofe that plenty might be found by digging. From this eleva- tion we had a complete view of the whole ifland, ex- cept a fmall part to the fouth. The S. E. fide, from which the hills we- were now upon are not far diftanr, rifes with great inequalities, immediately from the fea ; fo that the plains and meadows lie all on the N. W. fide; which being adorned with tufts of trees, inter- mixed with plantations, form a moft deCightful land- fcapc in every point of view. While the captain was furvcying this enchanting profpcdl, he enjoyed the pleanng idea, that fomc future navigators might, from the fame eminence, behold thofe meadows ftockcd with cattle, brought by the ftiips of England ; and that the completion of this fingic benevolent purpofe, exclufive of all other confideraitions, would lufticiently prove, that our voyages had not been ufelefs. We found on this height, befides the plants common on the neigh- bouring ifles, a fpccies ofacrofticum, melaftoma, and fern trees. All, or moft of the land on this ifland, we were told, belonged to the chiefs of Tongataboo ; the inhabitants being only tenants, or vaflals to them. This feemed, indeed, to be the cafe at all the neighbouring jftes, except Annamooka, where fome of ihe chicfi feemed to adt with a degree of independence. Omiah, who \na much cftecmed by Feenou, and many others, was tempted with the offer of being appointed a chief of this ifland, if he would continue among them; and he feemed inclinable to have accepted the offer, had he not been advifed to the contrary by Captain Cook ; thou^ not becaufc he thought he would do better for hin^elf in his native ifle. Returning from our country excuriion, we heard that a party of the natives, in the quarter where our people traded, had ftruck one of their countrymen with a club, which fraifbiicd his ikull, and afterwards broke his thigh with the fame. Not any figns of life were remaining, when he was carried to a neighbouring houfe, bur, in a fliort time he recovered a little. On our defiring to know the reafon of fuch an a^ of fevcrity, wc were informed, that the offender had been difcovercd in an indelicate fituation with a woman who was taboo'd. We foon underftood, however, that Ihe was nontherwife taboo'd, than by belonging to another, fuperior in rank to her gallant. From this incident, we dill ovcrcd how thefc people puniftj fuch infidelities : but the female finner has a much milder correit," ol.fcrvea Captain Cook, " belidcs the immediate advaiitam-s, which both the natives of the I'Viendly I lies, and aiu-- fclvcs received by this vifit, future navigitors from luiropci if any fuih lliould ever tread our fleps, will profit by the knowledge I acquired of tlie geography of this part of the Pacific Ocean j and the more philofophi- cal reader, who loves to view human n.itiire inf new fituations, and to fpcfulate on fingular, but faithful reprcfentations of the perfons, the cufloms, the arts, the religion, the government, and the language of un- cultivated nature and man, in remote and frelli dif- covered quarters of the globe, will, perhaps, find matter of .-imurcmcnt, if not of inftrui!lion, in the information which I have been enabled to convey to him, concern- ing the inhabitants of this Archipelago." Wd now proceed with our propofed obfervations. The beft articles for traffic in thefe iflands are iron and iron tools. Axes, hatchets, nails of all fixes, knives, rafps, and files, arc much demanded. Red cloth, white and coloured linen, looking glaffcs and beads, arc alfo in great eftimation ; but of the latter, thofe that are blue the natives prefer to mofl others, particularly to' the white ones. A hog might, at any tune, be pur- chafed, by a flring of large blue beads : it (hould, ncver- thelefs, be obferved farther, that articles, merely orna- mental, may be highly encemed at one time, and dif- rcgarded at another. On our firft arrival at Anna- mooka, the inhabitants were unwilling to take them in exchange for fruit; but when Feenou arrived, his ap- probation brought them into vogue, and (lamped on them the value above-mentioned. In return for thefe commodities, all the rcfrefhments to be had at the Friendly Iflands, may be procured. The yams arc ex- ccllent, and, when grown to perfe(fHon, preferve well at fea : but their pork, pl.intains and bread-fruit, are in- tenor in quality to the fame articles at Otaheite. The produdions and fupplies of thefc iflands arc yams bread-fruit, plantains, cocoa-nuts, fugar-canes. hocw* fowls, fifh, and, in general, all fuch as are to be tnec with at Otaheite, or any of the Society Iflands. But good water which fliips in long voyages ftand much in need of IS fcarce at the Friendly Iflcs. It may, it is true, be found in all of them, but not to ferve the purpofes of navigators ; for either the quality is bad, or thefjtua- tions too inconvenient, or the qualities too inconfidera- blc. While we lay at anchor under Kotoo, we were informed, that there was a ftrcam of water at Kao which ran from the mountains into the fea, on the S. W. fide of the ifland. This intelligence, though of no ufe to us, may defervc the attention of future navi- gators. We muft include, under the denomination of the Friendly Iflands, not only the group at Hapaee, but hkewife thofe that have been difcovercd to the north nearly under the fame meridian, as well as fome others under the dominion of Tongataboo or Amfterdam which is the capital, and feat of government. Froni the beft information we could obtain, this clufter of iflands is very extenfive. One of the natives enumc rated 150 iflands; and Mr. Anderfon procured the names of all of them 5 from their communications the following lift was made. They were enumerated bv the inhabitants of Annamooka, Hapaee. and Tonnu taboo ; and may ferve as a ground-worJt for the inwf ligation of future navigators. f\ il v^ t.v ■■ i 47a Capt. COOK'i VOYAOBS COMPLETE. I IB" ^'1 ff W' Vavaoo Kovooeea CJoofoo KOIMOO 'I'akounove Talava Toggelao 01 Large Ones. Kogoopoloo Konnagilletalvoo Kofoona Kolaiva Kotnoarra Komotte Kotoobooo Kongaiarahoi Oowaia Feejce Ncuafo lUNDLY ItLtl. Gowakka Vagaeetoo Golabbc Novababoo Kokabba Kottcjeea Kowourogoheefo Grcnagecna Kooonoogoo Konookoonama Kowecka Failcinaia Korccmnu Noogoofaccou Fonooaecka Knooa Modooa noogoo- noogoo Fonogooeatta KoviTcecoa Fclongaboonga Kollalona Of the fize of the above 32 unexplored iflandi, we can only give it as our opinion, that they muft be all larger than Annamooka, (or Rotterdam) which thofe from whom we had our information, ranked among the fmallcr IHands in the fccond lid. Some, or indeed, feveral of the latter are mere fpots, without inhabit- ants. But it mull be left to future navigators, to in- troduce into the charts of this part of the great fou< thern Pacific Ocean, the cxad lituation and iize of near 100 more iflands in this neighbourhood, ac- cording to the tcQimony of our friends, which we had not an opportunity to explore. Tafman faw eigh- teen or twenty of thefc fmall iflands, every one of which was encircled with fands, flioalsand rocks. In fome charts they arc called Hecmfliirk's Banks. We have not the leall doubt, that Prince William's iflands, difcovered, and fo named by Tafman, arc included in the fore-going lid: for while we lay at Hapaee, one of the natives told us. chat three or four days fail from thence to the N. W. there is a clufler of iflands, confiding of more than forty t and this fltuation cor- rcfponds very well with that afllgned, in the accounts of Tafman's voyage, to his Prince William's Iflands. Keppcl's and Bofcawen's Iflcs, difcovered by Captain Wallis in 1765, arc doubclefs comprehended in our lid; and chey are not only well known to chefc pcopi?, but arc under the fame fovcrcign. We have good au- thority to believe, that Bofcawen's Ifland is our Koo- tahcc, and Kcppels Ifland our Nceootabootaboo. The lad is one of the large iflands marked in our fird lid. The reader, w ho has been already apprized of the va- riations of our people in writing down what the na- tives pronounced, wilt hardly doubt thac Kottcjeea, in our fecond lid, and Kootahee, as one of the natives called Kao, are one and the fame ifland. Wc would jud remark once more of this adonifliing group of iflands, that fifteen of them are faid to be high and hilly, fuch as Toofoa, and Eooa ; and thirty-five of them large. Of thele only three were fecn this voy- age, namely, Hapace (confidcred by the natives as one ifland) Tongauboo, and Eooa. Annamook4 has been noticed before. But the mod confiderable iflanda that we heard of in this neighbourhood, are Hamoa, Vavaoo, and Fe^e 1 each of which is iaiKer than Tongattbooi but it doei not appear that any Euro- pean h«» ever yet feen one of chcm. Hanraa lies two days fail N. W. from Vavaoo. Ic is faid Co be the Urged of all cheir iflands 1 affords harbours, with good water, and produces, in abundance, all the refrcdimenta that are found at the places wc v.iited. Pbulaho fre. quenciv refldes upon chis iflandi and ici natives are in high edimation at Tongataboa According to the united tediniony of ail our friends at this place, Va- vaoo exceeds the fixe of their own ifland, and has high iTMHincains. We flwuld have accompanied Fcenou from Hapace to Vavaoo, had he not difcouragid the Captain, by reprcfenting it to be very inconfiderabic, and without a fingic good harbour : but Poulaho, the king, gave us to underfland afterward, that it is a large ifland, and not only produces every thing in common with Tongatabiw, but has the peculiar advantage of poirefling feveral dreams of frelh wafer, and alio an excellent harbour. Poulaho offered to attend the Cap- tain to Vavaoo, faving, that if he did not find every thing agreeing with his reprcfentation. he might kill him. We gave full credit to the truth of his intelli- gence, and were facivfied that Fcenou, from fome private view, endeavoured to impofe upon us a fiidion. Feejce lies in the dircdlion of N. W. by W. about threedays fail from Tongacaboo. The natives in chis pare of the world have ho other mechod of difcovering the didance from ifland co ifland, but by mencioning che cinie required for the voyage in one of their ca- noes. In order to afcertain this with fome precifion, Captain Cook failed in one of their canoes, and by re- peated trials with the log, found that flic went clofe hauled, in a gentle gale, feven miles an hour. He fup- pofcd from this ejtpcrimcnt, that they would fail, with fuch breezes as generally blow on their feas, feven or eight miles an hour on an average. Each day, however, is not to be reckoned at 24 hours 1 for when they talk of one day's fail, they mean no more than from morning to the evening, or twelve hours at mod. From the morn- ing of the fird day till the cveningof the fecond, is, with chcm, cwo days fail. In the dav, they arc guided by the fun I and, in the night by the ftars. When thefc are ob- fcurcd, they can only have recourfc to the points from whence the winds and waves came upon the veffel. If, at that time, the winds and the waves (hould (hift, they are quite bewildered, often mifling their intended port, and being never heard of more. The dory of Omiah's countrymen, who were driven to Watecoo, convinces us, however, that thofe who arc not heard of, are not always lod. Feejce abounds with h«gs, dogs, and fowls, and fuch fruits and roots as are to be found in any of the other iflands, and is much larger than Tongataboo, but not fubjedt to its dominion. Feejce and Tongataboo engage in war againd each othcrj and tht inhabitants of the latter are often fo much afraid 6f this enemy, that they bend the body forward, and c^vcr the face with their hands, to exprefs the fenfc of their own inferiority to the Feejee men. This, indeed, is no nutter of furprife, for thofe of Feejce have rendered themfclves formidable, by their dexterity in the ufc of bows and flings 1 but more fo, by their fa- vage pradice of eating fudi of their enemies as they kid in battle. It has been' iitfidcd on, that extreme hunger fird occadoned men to feed on human ficfh i but where could be the inducement for the Feejce men to continue the pradice, and remain cannibals, in the midd of plenty ? It is held in detedation by the in- habitants of Tongataboo. who fecm to cultivate the friendfhip of their favage neighbours through fear ; though they fometimes venture Co fkirmifh with them on their own ground, and carry off large quantities of red feathers as trophies. When a profoufid peace reigns between them, they have frequent intercourfe together s though, it is probable, they have not long been known to each other, otherwife it might be fup- pofed that Tongataboo. and its neighbouring iflands, would, before tnis time, have been fupplied with a breed of I)lc iflanda e t^lanMM, iiger than any Euro- M liei two tn be the with good frclhrncnti ulaho ire- iitivri are ling to the place, Va- id hai high xl Icrnou jragc'J the inliderabJr, ulaho, the it ia a large ti comnton vanta&e of nd alfo an id the Cap- find cvcrjr might kill hit intclli- >me private ion. I W. about ivet in thia difcovrring mentioning if their ca- It precifion, and by re- wcnt clofe r. He fup- dfail, with II, fcven or ly, however, :n they talk )m morning n the morn- ond, is, with lidcd by the hefc are ob> points from iveflcl. If, I (hi ft, they ended porr. i of Omiah'a I, convinces of, are not dogs, and be tound in larger than on. Fecjee :ach othcrt :n fo much dy forward, exprefs the men. This, Fecjee have Icxterity in >y their fa- lics as they hat extreme >n flefli ; but EJec men to tals, in the I by the in- iiltivate the rough fear; 1 with them juantitiea of oupd peace intercourfe tre not long ight be fup- ing idandi, with a breed of :>— O COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PAaFIC OCEAN, «cc. 473 of dotfs, which are numerous at Feejee, and, m we have rtjfemd, wei« introduced at Tonrateboo, when Diptain Cook firft Vifited it in 1773. The colour of the natives of Fcqeeis, at leaft, a ftiadc darlter than that of the ihhabittnts of the other Friendly Iflonds. We faw one of the natives of Feejee, who had his ear ilit which was the ItA, and the lobe fo ftretchcd, that it aliAoft extended to his (houlder; which fingularity had been obferved by Capuin Coolc. at other iflands of the South Sea, during his fecond voyage. The Fee- jee people are much revered here, not only on account of tneir power and cruelty in war, but alfo for their ingenuity; f6r they much excel the inhabitants of Tongataooo in workmanfhip. Specimens were (hewn us «rf their clubs and fpears, which were very ingeni- 6ufly carved. We were alfo (hewn fomc of their cloth moft beautifully chequered, mats richly variegated, curious earthen pots, and other articles, all of which diiplayed a fuperiori^ in the execution. The harbour and anchoring places are by far prc- ftrabie to any we difcovcred among thefe iflands j both tin account of their capacity, and great fecurity . The danger »e were in of being wrecked, by entering it from the north, will remain a caution to every future Commander, not to attempt that paflagc with a fliip •f burden. The eaftern channel is much more eafy and fafe. To fail into this, ftecr for the N. E. point of the ifland, and keejj along the north (bore, w*lh the fmall iflcs on your itarboard. till you are the length of the call point of the entrance into the lagoon; then edge over the reef of the fmall ifles, and, following its diredion, you will get through between Makkahaa and Monooafai, which lay off the weft point of the lagoon. Or you may go between the third and fourth iflands, that is, between i'angimodooand Monooafai ; but this channel is much narrower than the other. When you are through cither of thefe channels, haul in for the fhore of Tongataboo, ii^d caft anchor between that and Fangimodoo, before a cteek leading into the lagoon; ifito w^ich, at half flood, you may go with boats. Though the harbour of Tongataboo has the preference, its water is exceeded in goodnefs by that of Anna- mooka; and yet even this can fcarcely oe called good. Indifferent water may, neverthelefs, be procurM, by digging holes near the fide of 4he pond. Befides, An. namooka, being nearly in the center of the whole group, is belt muated for procuring refreihments from the others. There is a creek in the reef on the north Mi of the ifland, wherein two or three fliips may lie fccurely. We have already given an account of the Hapaec iflands; and (hall only add, that they extends. W. by S. and N. E. by N. about to miles. The north enq| Mes in btitude la deg. S. and 33 deg. of longitude to the eaft of Anhamooka. Between them are fmall iflartds, fand banks, and breakers. Lafobga, oflT which we anchored, among all the ifles of thofii that are tallcfd Hapaec, is the molt fertile, and the beft in- habited. Thofe who may be ddirous of having a more particular defcription of the Friendly Iflands, muft have recoutfe to the lilt and chart, what may have here been omitted concerning their geography, «1H be found in Mr hidorv of Captaiti Cdok's fdrmer Vdyage, to which Our readers aife referred forTuch par- fifculahas he had then obferved. At prcfeHt, We (hall 6tiy rfctite foch interefting citcumft^ces, as either ^etedmitted in thkt account, or were impeifoSHy and incorrcifWy repreiisnted. After living among the natives of thcFrlendly Iflands between two and three mom:.-, it is rcaforiabic to ex- »!&, that we fliould be ablfcto clear up every dlffi^ tulty,' andfogWeafatisfwaoty account df theif mati. iitrs, coCloms, and ItSftltUtioni, civil as Well as nU- gious: cfpeciiillv, asw«hadaperlbnwith\is,who, bf (indtrlhrtdillg theit Iah0i«g« at wdl ajl our own, might bethotoghtckljablcofadij^ as our Interpreter. But Omiah was not 4uall1ied tbt th^t hifk. t/nlefs wef had before ui an obiedl; or thin, concerning which we ^tinted informatum, ««• found it difficult to obtait) » cormietent knowledge about it. feam his IrtfbrtWfdon and explanations. Omiah was certainly more liable to make miftakes than we were ; for having no curioflty, he n'^ver troubled himfcif with making remarks ; and when he attempted to explain any particular matters to us, his ideas were fo limitted, and differed fo much from ours, that his confufed accounts, inftead of in- (lrudUng,oftenonIy perplexed, and led us into num- berlefs miflakes. Befides, we could feldom find a per- ftm, among the natives, who had both the ability and inclination to give us the information we required: and many of them, we perceived, appeared oflfendcd at being a(ked, what they, perhaps, deemed frivolous queftions. At Tongataboo, where we continued the longeft, our fltuation was likewife unfavourable ; being in a part of the country, where, except filhcrs, there were Jew in- habitants. Without vintors, as well as with thofe we viflted, it was always holiday; fo that we could not ob- ferve, what was really the domcftic way of living among the natives. That we could not, therefore, thus cir- cumftanced, bring away latisfadory accounts of many ' things, is not to be wondered at. Some of us, indeect, endeavoured to remedy thofe difadvantagcs ; and to the ingenious Mr. Anderfon we are moft indebted for a_ confiderable (hare of our oblsrvatlons refpeding the Friendly Iflands. The inhabitants of thefe, (though fomc here, at Tongataboo, were above fix feet high) exceed the common ftature, and are ftrong and well proportioned. Their (boulders arc, in general, broad; we (aw feveral who were really haadlome; though their mufcular difpofltion rather conveyed the idea of ftrength than of beauty. Their features are fo various, that, unlcfs it be by a fulnefs at the point of the nofe, which is common, it is impoflible to fix any general likenefs by which to charadterize them. On the other hand many genuine Roman nofes,and true European faces, were feen among them. They have good eyes and teeth ; but the latter arc neither fo well fet, nor fo remarkably white, as among the Indian nations. Few of them, however, have that remarkable thicknefs about the lips, fo frequent in other iflands. The women are lefs dif- tinguUhed from the men by their features, than by their general form, which feems deftitute of that ftrong (irmnefs that appears in the latter. Though the fea- tures of fome are very delicate, and a true index of their fex, laying claim to a confiderable (hare of beauty and expreflion, yet the rule is not, by any means. To general, as in many other countries. Their (hapes arc ufually well proportioned; and fome are ablblutely perfea models ot a beautiful figure; but the cxtraor- dinary fmallnefs and delicacy of their fingers, which' may be put in competition with any in Europe, feems to be the moft ftriking female diftinAion. The ge- neral colour of thefe people is a caft deeper than that of the C(^per brown; but feveral of both fexes have a true olive complexion. Some of the women are much lighter.owing, perhaps, to their being lefs expofedto the fun. As a tendency to corpulence, in fome of the principal people, feems to be the effedt of a more indo- lent life, a fofter and clearer (kin is moft commonly to be feen among them: but the flcinof the greateft part of thefe people, is of a dull hue, with a degree of roughnefs, particularly thofe parts that are uncovered, occafioned, probably, by Tome cutaneous difcafe. We faw a man at Hapace perfedly white, and a child equally fo at Annamooka. In all countries contain^ ing black people, fuch phaenomena nrc found, but they are cauted, we imagine, by a difeafe. Upon the whole, however, few natural defetfls, or deformities, are to be feen amoiu them ; though we obferved two or three with their rect bent inwaras. Neither are they exempt from fome dtfeafes. Numbers are affedted with the tetter or riiw^Worm, which leaves whitifh ferpentind marks behinait. They have another d ifeafe of a more tnifchievous nature, which is alfo very frequent, and ai^xars on every part of the body, in large bcoad ul- cers, difcharging a thin clear pus, fome of which had (. verjr vimlent appearance, particularly on the face. There were thofe, however, wno appearra to be cured of it, and others mending) but it was generally at- 6 D tended 11 ' ■} 'I .Mii .'■ f! 474 Capt. COO K's V O Y A G K S C O M P L E T E. Hi ' i \ Mi ".In- tended with the \o(i of the nofc, or a conliderablc part of it. Two other difcafe* arc alfo common among thcmi one of which is a nim fwelling, affedting chiefly the legs and aims; the other is a tumour in the tcfticles, which fometimes exceed the fize of two fifts. Ill other refpeds they arc remarkably healthy, not a fiiigle pcrfon having, during our (lay, been confined ta tlic houfc by any l«ind of fickncfs. Their ftscngth and adiv'ity are, in every rofped,,anfwerable to their muf- cular appearance; and they exert both> in fuch a man- ner, as to prove, that they are as yet, little debilitated by the luinierous difeafes thai are the naturai' conf«- quenccs of indolence. The graceful mien,, and firin- ncfs of ftcp, with which they walk, arc obvious proofs of their perfonal accompliihments_ They confider this as a thing fo neccflaryto be acquired, that ihcir laughrer was excited when they fawus frequently ftumb- ling upon the roots of trees, or other inequalitic"' in walking. The mildncfs and good nature which they abundantly poflcfs, are depided on their countenances, tdtally free from that favagc kccnncfs, that always marks nations in a barbarous uate. We might almoft be induced to fuppofc, that they had been reared under ^jie feverell reflridions, feeing they have acquired (o fettled an afpetft, fuch a command of their pafllons. and fuch a fleadineis of conduch At the fame time, they are open, chcarful, and good humoured; though in the prefence of their chiefs, they fometimes aflumc a degree of referve, which has t!ic appearance of gra- vity. Their pacific difpolicinn is thoroughly evinced, from their frimdly reception ct all firan<;crs. Inllcad of attacking thcin openly, or tiandeltincly, they have never appeared, in the fmallcft dej^rtc, hnfiile: but like the moll civilizccT nations, hiivc even courted art inter- courfc with their vifitois, t)y li.uttringi a medium which unites all nations in a degree of fricndfliip. So f)crfcd11ydo they undcrll and barter, that, at fiifl, we iippofed they had acquired the knowledge of it by trading with the neighbouring iflands; but it after- wards appeared, that they had hardly any traffic, except with Fccjee. No nation, perhaps, in the world, dif- playcd, in their traffic, more honelly and lefs dillrull. "\Vc permitted them fafely to examine our goods, and they had the fame implicit confidence in ns. If either party ftcmcd dilfatisficd with his bargain, a rc-cx- thangc was made with mutual confent and latisfadlion. Lfpon ihc whole, they feem to poJTefs many of the mod excellent qualities that adorn the human mind. A piopenlity to thieving is the only defed that feems to fully their fair character. Thofe of all ages, and both fexcs, were addided to it in aauncommon degree. It fliould be confidered, however, that this exceptionable part of their condud exifteJ merely with rcfped to lis; for in their general intcrcourfe with each other, thefts are not more frcq^ucnt than in other countries, -where the dilTionell pradLccs of individuals wilT not authorife an indidriminatc cenfure on the people at large. AUawances fliould be made for the Ibibles of thcfe pocr i (landers, whofe minds we overpowered with the g'^fe of new and captivating objcds- Stealing, ajnong civilized nations, denotes a charader deeply llained. with iTMiral' turpitude: but at the Friendly lllands, and others which we viflted, the thefts com- mitted by the natives, may have been occafioned by lefs culpable motives: they might be ftimulatcd folely by curiqfity; a defire to po'lfcfs fomewhat "ew^ and the property of people very difTerent from themfelvcs. Were a fet of beings, feemingly as (uperior to us, as we appeared in their eyes, to make their appearance among us, it might be pofiible that our natural regard to jullice woulcfnot be able to reftrain many from being guilty of the fame erroneous pradices. However, the thieving difpofition of thefe iflandcrs, was the means pTalTording us an infight into their ingenuity and quicknefso? intellects: for their petty thefts were ma- naged with much dexterity; and thofe of greater con- fequence, with a fettled plan or fchemc, adapted to the importance of the objeds. The hair of thefe people is, ingencral.thick. Ilniight, and ftrong, though liime have it bufhy or friztkd. The natural colour appears to be black, but many of the. men, and f<>me of the women, ftain it of a brown or fiurplc colourr and a few give it an orange qaft. 'The irll of. thefe colours is produced by applying a fort of Elaiflerof burnt coral mixed with water; tne fecond J the ralpingsof a redifli wood mixed into a poultice, and laid over the hair; and the third is faid to be the ftfed of turmeric root. They are Co whimfical in the failiionsofwearing their hair, that it is difficult to fay w hich is mod in vogue. Some have none on one fide of the head,. while it remains long on the other: fomc have only a part of it cut fhort; others but a finglc lock, on one udc. There are again thofe who permit it to grow to its full length, without any fuch mutilations. The women ufually wear it ftiort: the beards of the men arc ufually cut in the fame manner; and both fexes ftrip the hair from their armpits. The men arc Gained with a deep blue colour from the middle of the belly to half way down the thighs. This is effedcd with a flat bone Lnllrument, full of fine teeth, which by a ftroke of a bit of Hick introduces thedooe dooe inta the fkin, whereby indelible marks are made. Lines and figures are thus traced, which, in fome, arc very elegant. The women have only fmall lines thus im- printed on the infide of the hands. As a mark of dif- tindion, their kings arc exempted from this cufiom.^ The men are circumcifed in a partial manner. The operation confids in cutting olf only a piece of the fore-fkin at the upper part, whereby it is rendered in- capable of ever covering the glans. This pradicc, at prefcnt, is founded only on a notion of cleanlincfs. The drefs of both fexcs is the fame; confiding of a piece of cloth or matting, about two yards in breadth, and a half in length. It is double before, and, like a petticoat, hangs down to the middle of the leg. That part of the garment which is above the girdle, ia plaited in fevcral fojds, and this, when extended, is fulTicient to draw up and wiap round the flioulders. As to form, it is the general faftiion^ but the fine matt- ing, and long pieces of cloth, are worn only by the fuperior clafs of people. The inferior fort are con- tented with fmall pieces, and, very often, have only it covering made of the leaves of plants, or the maro, a narrow piece of cloth, or matting, like a fafli. Thia they pafs between the thighs and round the waid. It is feldom ufed by the men. In their haivas, or grand entertainments, their drelTes, though the fame inform,, are various, and ciiibellidied, more or lefs, with red fea- thers. Both men and women defend their faces oc- cafionally from the fim with little bonnets, made of va- rious forts of materials. The ornaments, worn by thofe of either fex, are the fame. The mod commpa are necklaces, made of the fruit of pandanus, and va- rious fwcet fmclling flowers, known by the general name of Kakulla. Others confid of fmall diells. fharks teeth, the wing and leg bones of fmall birds, 8cc. all which aie pendant on the bread. In this manner they alfo wear a polidicd mother of pearl diell, or a ring, on the upper part of the arm: rings of tortolfc- flietl on the fingers ; and^feveral of thefe joined together form bracelets for the wiids. Two holes arc perfo- rated in the lobes of the ears, wherein they put cylin- drical bits of ivory, of the length of three inches, in- troduced at one hole, and drawn out of the other; or bit&of re^d filled with yellow pigment. This appeara to be a fine powder of turmeric, which their women rub all over their bodies, in the fame manner as the European ladies ufe their dry rouge upon their cheekt. Perfonal cleanlincfs is their duuy and delight. To maintain which they bathe frei^ucntly in the po^ds. pieferring them to the fca, though the water has aii intolerable dench : when they are obliged to bathe in the fea, from a notion that fait water mjures ^he ikin,^ they will have fredi water poured over them to wa(h off its bad efleds. They are extravagantly fond of cocoa-nut oil; a great quantity of which they pour upon their head and Ihoulders, and tub the body all oyer with a fmaller quantity. The domcdic life of thefe people is neither fo U- borious as to bcdifagreeable, ncr fo fiee from emplf^" «acnt *l many of the, sf a brown or gq qaft. 'The •lying a fort of t; the fccond into a poulticct faid to be the himfical in the difficult to fay. ne on one fide ic other : fomc ) but a fingle : who permit ic :h mutilations. beards of the iner; and both The men arc middle of the rhis is effttflcd ceth, M'hich by dooc dooe inta made. Linei bme, arc very lines thus ini- a mark of dif- n this cuftom^ manner. The a piece of the is rendered in- This pradicc, if cleanlincfs. confining of a rds in breadth, ore, and, like a, the leg. That the girdle, is ' fi extended, is the {houldcrs.' t the fine mact^ n only by the fort are con- h, have only it , or the maro,. c a fafli. Thi» the waifi. It ivas, or grand :fame inform,, s, with red fea- their faces oc. ts, made of va- >ents, worn by mofi commpoi idanus, and va- , .,. by the general H i : ■' ;, ^1 f fmall fiiells, mall birds, 6cc. In this manner earl fhell, or a gs of tortolfe- joincd together lolcs arc perfo> they putcylia* ^rce inches, in- f the other: oc This appeara h their women manner as the m their cheekt. i delight. To in the pojids. IC water has aii ;ed to bathe in njurcs *hc lkin» | - f?0'\ r them to walh agantly fond of hich they pour ub the body all s neither fo bi- :e from empldy- «acnt !#•■ ■v"-»»»m'»st>t,„*rm--- •■ - - m ii.. »j ,.« H ) i ; ) '!;.:; 1; i i\ I I P < O : Bf* ■ f I i, ■ 1 |, |||, if 1' ll: ' 1 li« ml ^ COOK'i THIRD mi LAST VoYAOE— To the TACIEIC OCEAN, &c. +7.; IS J I merit as to fuffer them to degenerate into indolence. ,Thcir country ha* been fo favoured by nature, that the fird can Tcarcely occur j and their aiSivc difpofition freiqrto be a fufficient bartotheiaft. ifly thi» for. tunate concurrence of circumftancea, their nccclFary kbour jtielda, in iti turn, to their amufcmcnts ar.d recreations, which arc never interrupted by the thoughts of being obliged to recur to bulincri, till they al-c in- duced by fatiety to wiih for that tranfuion. The em- ployment of the women is not fatiguing, and is gene- rally fuch as they can without difticulty execute in the heufe. The making of cloth is cntirly entruftcd to their care j the protefs of which manufadurc has been already dcfcribed. Their cloth is of different degrees of fincnefs; the coarfer kind does not receive the im- pitfllon of any pattern i but of the finer forts, they have various patterns, differently coloured. The cloth, in general, is able to rclift water for fonic time; but that which has the flrongcft gl-ize, is Icaft liable to be penetrated thereby. Another manufadurc, configntd olfo to the women, is that of their mats, which excel ihofe of moft other countries, both with rcfpeLl: to their texture and beauty. Of thcfe there arc fevcn or eight different forts, ufcd cither for their drefs, or to fleep upon; but many arc merely r)mamcntal. Thcfc laft arc made chiefly from the tough, membraneous part of the ftock of the plantain-tree i thofc that they wear, are generally compolcd of the panJanus ; and the coarler kind, whereon they fleep, arc fonncd from a plant called Evarra. We obferved feveral other arti- cles that employ their females, as combs, of w hich they make great quantities i fmall balkcts made of the fame fubflance as the mats i and otiicrs, of the fibrous hulk of the cocoa-nut, either interwoven with beads, or plain; all which arc liniflicd viih extraordinary neat- nefs and tafte. The province of the men is, as might reafonably be expedcilj far more laborious and cxtcnlive than that of the other lex. Architedlure, boat-building, agriculture, and fifliing, conffitutc their principal occu- pations, and are the main objcdls of their attention. As cultivated roots and fruits form their chief fubfif- tcnce, they find it ncceffary to pradicc hulbandry, which, by their induftry, they have brought to a degree of pcrfedlion. In managing yams and plan- tains, they dig fmall holes for their reception, and afterwards root up the furrounding grafs. The inftru- ments ufed for this purpofe, arc called hoo, and arc nothing more than Itakcs of various lengths, flattened and (harpened to an edge at one end ; and the largell ones have a (hort piece fixed tranfverfely, by means of which they preis the implement into the ground with the foot. When they plant the two above mentioned vegetables, they obfervc fuch particular exadbiefs, that, which ever way you turn your eyes, the rows prefent thcmfclves complete ano regular. The bread-fruit and cocoa-nuts, are difperfed about, without any oi-der; and when they have arrived at a. certain height, give them little or no trouble. The fame may be faid of another large tree, producing a roundilh compreffed nut, called ecefee ; and of a fmallcr one, bearing an oval nut, with two or three triangular kernels. The ^ppc is, in general, planted regularly, anr^ in large foots ; but the Mawhaha is intcrfperfcd atnong other tilings, as are alfo the yams and jeejee. Suur cane is ufuaUy in fmall fpots, clofely crowded. The mul- berry, of which the cloth is made, is kept very clean, and has a good fpace allowed for its growth. The pandanus is commonly planted in a row, clofe together, p.t the (ides of the fields. fhefe people difplay very little tafte or ingenuity in the.conffru(5tion of their houfes. Thofe belonging to the common people arc wretched huts, fcarce fufficient to fhelter them from the inclemency of the weather. Thofe of the better fort arc larger, as well as more commodious and comfortable. A houfe of the mid- dling fize is of the following dimenfions, namely, about I i feet in height, 20 in breadth, and 30 in length. Their houfes are, properly fpeaking, thatched roofs or (lieds, fupported by rafters and pods. The floor is raifed with earth liqqothed, and covered with thick I matting. Some habitations are open all round t but the major part of them are xnclofed on the weather tide with ttiongmats, or with branches of (he cocoa- nut tree, plaited, or interwoven with each other. A thick mat, about three feet broad, bent into a fcmicir- cular form, and placed edgeways, with the ends touch- ing the tide of the houfc, cnciofes a fufficient fpacc for the maflcr and minrcfs to fleep in. The red of the family fleep upon any part of tncfloor, the unmarried men and women lying apart from each other. If the family is large, they have little huts«djnining, in which the (crvants fleep. The whole of their furniture con- firts of fome wooden ftools, which fervc them for pil- lows [ bafkets of different fizcs, in which they put their cbnibs, filh honks, and tools; two or three wooden bowls, in which they make kava ; fome cocoa-nut (hells, a few gourds, and a bundle of cloth. But they are very fltilml in building their canoes, which, indeed, are the moft perfed: of their mechanical produdions. The double ones are very large, fufficiently fo to carry about $0 pcrfons, and they iail at a great rate. They fix upon them generally a hut or flicd, for the recep- tion of the mafter and his family. Thcfc arc made of the bread-fruit tree, and the w'orkmanfliip is extremely neat- They appear on the out-fiJe as if they were compofcd of one folid piece; but upon clofcr infpcc- tion, tiicy arc found to conlift of a great number of planks, fitting each other cxadlly, and by' means of a ledge on the infide, arc fecured together with cocoa- line. The flngle canoes are furnilhed with an out- rigger. The only tools which they make ufcof in the conUrudionoftbcfc boats, arc hatchets, pr adzes, of a fmooth black ftonc; augers, made of ftiarks teeth; and rafps, compofcd of the rough Ikin of a fifli, faffcned on fiat pieces of wooil. The fame tools arc all they have for other works, except fliclis, which fervc them for knives. I'hcir cordage is made of the fibres of the cocoa-nut huflt, which, though not more than 10 in- ches long, they plait about the fize of a quill, to w hat- ever length may be required, and roll it up into balls; and by twifting feveral of thefe together, they form their ropes of a larger fize. Their fifljing-lines are as ftiong and even as our belt cord. Their fmall hooks confill entirely of pearl fliell; but the large ones arc only covered with it on the back; and (he points of both arc, in generdi, of tortoifefheil. With the large hooks they catch albicores, and bonettos, by putting them to a ban)boo-rod, about 1 2 feet long, with a line of the lame length. They have alfo a number of fmall fcins, foine of which are of the moft delicate texture. Their mufical reeds or pipes, refembling the fyrinx of the ancients, have eight or ten pieces placed paraild to each other, moft of which are of unequal lengths. Thpir flutes are made of a joint of bamboo, about 1 8 inches long, and arg clofed at both ends, having a hole near each end, and four others ; two of which, and only one of the firlt, are ufcd by them iii. playing. They clofe the left noftril with the thumb of the left- hand, and blow into the hole at one end with the other noftril. The fore-finger of the right-hand is applied to the loweft hole on the right, an^ the middle finget of the left, to the firft hole on that fide. In this man- ner, with only three notes, they produce a pleafing, though fimpic harmony. Their naffa, or drum, has been defcribed already. Their warlike weapons are clubs curioully ornamented, fpears, iand daru. They make bows and arrows, but thefe are intended for amufement, and not for the purpofes of war. Their Ooois or rather pillows, are about two feet long, buc only four or five inches in height, and ne^r four in breadth, inclining downwards towards the middle, with four ftrong legs and circular feet; the whole compofed of brown or black wood, neatly pqliflied, and fometimes inlaid with ivory. They likewife inlay with ivory the handles of fly-flaps ; and, with a fliark's tooth, iiwpe bones into figures of men, birds, &c. Their vegetable, diet confifts principally of plantains, cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, and yams; and their chief articles of animal food are hogs, fiib, »id fowls ; but m 'I i 476 Ctpt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLBTB. |l Ell r 'V lit m I . ; C the common people frequently eat rati. Hogs, fowls, and tunie, however, feem to be only occadonal daintiei, referved for perfoni of rank. Their fiaod it drefled by baking, u at Ouheitc > and they make, from dif- ferent Am of fruit, feveral difhcs, which are very good. They fometimet boil their fl(h in the green Icavei of the plantain-tree, which fcrve a* a btw to hold both fi(h and water: having tied them up, they wrap them again in three or four other leaves, and place them upon nonet heated for the purpofe : vriien luflkientiy done, they net only eat the nfli, but drink the liquor or foup. They are not very cleanly either in their cookery, or tneir meali , or manner of eatinc. Their ufual drink is water, or cocoa-nut milk, the uva being only their morning beverage. The food that is fer/oiup to the chiefs is generally laid upon plantain-leaves. Tne king. at his meals, was commonly attended upon by three or four of the natives, one of whom cut large pieces of the lifli, or of the joint! another afterwards divided it into tnouthiiils, and the reft Rood by the cocoa-nuts, and whatever elfe he might happen to want. We never faw a large company fit down to a fociable meal, by eating from the fame difli. The women are not ex- chidra from taking their daily repaft in company with the men; but there formed, that they performed this operation when they are afflidcd with lome dangerous diforder, which they imagine may bring them to the grave. They fuppofi^, that the little finger will be accepted of by the deKy. as a kind of propitiatory facrificc. fuflicicntly eflicacioua to procure their recovery. In cutting it ofl^. they makie ufe of a ftonc hatchet. Wc faw fcarcci^ one perfon in ten who was not thus mutilated » and they fomctimes cut fo clofe, as to encroach upon that bone of the hand which joinsxhc amputated finger. It is alfo common for the lower clafs of people to cut of^'a Joint of their little finger, on account of the (icknefs ofthe chiefs to whom they refpecflivcly belong. When this rigid ftritS- nefs with which they perform tlicir mourning and re- ligious ceremonies is confidered, it might be cxpcded, that they endeavoured thereby to fccurc to themfclves eternal happincfs ; but their principal objedl regards things merely temporal; for they have apparently little conception of future punifliment for fins com- mitted in the prcfent life. They believe, however, that they meet with juft punilhment in the prefenc ftate ! and. therefore, put every method in pradtice 16 render their divinities propitious. They admit a plun* lity of deities, all of them inferior to Kallafootonga, who. they fay, is a female, and the fupreme authorefs of nature, refiding above, and diredting the wind, rain, thunder. &c. They are of opinion that when (he is much difpleafed with them, the produdions of the earth are olaAed, many things confumed by lightning and themfelves afilidcd witn ficknefsand death; but that when her anger abates, every thing is immediately reftorcd to its former ftate. Among their fubordinate deities, they mention Futtafaihc, or Pootafooa. who has the adminiftration ofthe feaiand its produiSions; Too- fooa-boolootoo, god of the clouds and fogs ; Tallcteboo, Mattaba, Tareeava, and others. The fame fyftem of principles does not extend all overthc P'ricndly Iflands ; the fupreme deity of Hapacc, for inflance, being called Alo Alo. They entertain very abfurd opinions relative. to th|e power and various attributes of tneir gods, who, they fuppofe, have no further concern with them afteir death. They have, however, jufterfcntiments refpec- ting the immortality of the foul, which they call life, the living principle, or an Otooa, that is a divinity. They imagine that, immediately after death, the fouls of tneir chiefs are feparated from their bodies, and go to a dc'lig'itfol region called Boolootoo. the god of which is ftiled Gooleho, by whom they probably pcr- fonify death. His country, according to their mytho. logy, is the general repofitory of the dead; and they who are once conveyra thither die no more, and feafl on all the favourite proc'.udiians of their native foil, with which this blUsful abode is fuppofed by them to be plentifully fomiftied. The fouls of thofe in the fowell Tank ofthe people are faid to fuffer a kind of tnuflfaii- Eation { or are eaten up. they think, by a bird, catlhl kou, which walks over the graves with that intent. They do not wbrfhip any vifible part of the creation, oi: any thing made with tneir own hands: nor do they ttiake anydflTcrings ofdog^hogs,and fruit (lu is the cuf- tom at Otaheite) unlcfs emblematically : but there is no H reafon to doubt, of their offering dp human facrificei. Their Fiatookas, or Monit, are, in genertd, burying- grounds - ' ^ ' ' " ' " — "" ' ' ■ COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYACfi— To the t>ACIFIC OCEAN. «tc. 47^ ^ --•'-- -■ - ■ - ■ — - ^ - graundi ■nd phcM of werftiip > fbme of them, however, appctrcd to M tpprDpriated enljr 10 the former pur- poTe I but thcAwcre fiMll, Mid yen Inferior to the reft. We arc acquainted only with the general outlines of thcii' covcmnMiK. A lubordination. refemblinff the ftudal fyftem efourancefton in Europe, it eOabliflird among themi butof iu fulidivifioni. aAdtheconni- tuent parti, w« are iononnt. Bjr fomc of the nativei we were informed, that the Icins'i power is unlimited, and that he hu the abfolute diipoul of the livei and BfOpertiei of hit fubjedb 1 yet the few circumftancei Oirt feU under our obfervation, contradided, rather than oonflrmcd, the idea of a defpotic fway. Maree< wagee. Feenou,«nd Old Toobou, adled each the part of •>pett]r fovereisn, and not unfrcquently counteni for th« people would frequently think proper to Ai^w hint thele marks of fubmiUion when he wa< walking; and« on fuch o<'Ci«(ions, he was obliged to flop, and hold up one of his feet behind him, till they had performed this refpcdiful ccrenionv. This, to fo corpulent and unwcildy a man as Poulaho, mull have been irouble- fome and painful ; and we have fecn him fomctimca endeavour, by running, to get out of the way, or to reach a convenient place for lining down. 1he hands, after having been thus applied, become in fome cafes, ufclcfs a Ihort time j for till thefe arc waflii-d, they nuift not touch food of any kind. This prohibition, in a country, where water is far from being plentiful, would lie attended with an inconvenience, !? a piece of *nf juicy plant, which they can immediately procure, being rubbed over the hands, did not fcrvc for the pur{X)fe of purification. When thus circumflsncedj they term their fituation taboo rema ; the former word generally fignifyiiig forbidden, and the latter implying hand. When thi: taboa is incurred, by doing hor--go to a perfon of rank, it may thus be eafily waf1ie« on'| but in feveral other cafes, it mud continue tor a cer- tain perioii. Wc have often fecn women, who have been taboo rema, led by others. The interdided per- fon, after the limit(^d time it elapfcd, wnflics herll-lf in one of their baths, which are, in general, dirtv ponds of brackifh water. She then waits u|x)rt the king, and, after having paid the cuflomar>- obeifance, takes hold of his foot, which fhc applies to her flioulders. breaft, and other parts; he thenembraces her on both fliouljeri, and file immediately retircn, purified from her imclean- nefs. If it be always neceH'ary to have recourfl* to his majefty for this purpofe (of which we arc not certain, though Omiah alTured us it wasj it may be one rrafoM for his travelling very frctiucntly from one ifland to another. The word taboo, as we have before obferved, has a very cxtenlive fignitication. They call hiimart facrificcs, Tangata taboo; and when any particular thing is prohibited to he eaten, or made ufc of, the/ fay it is talwo. Wc were told liy tlirni, that 'if the king Ihould go into a hoiife belonging to one of his fubjedb, that houfe would become taboo, and could never be again inliabitcd by the owner of it ; fo that, wherever his majcfty travels, there are houfcs peculiarly alligned for his aacommodation. At this time Old Toobou prelidcd over the raboo; that is, if Omiah did not mifundcrfiand thofe who gave him the intelligence, he, and his deputies, had thcinfpcaion of all the produce of the ifland, taking care that each individual fhouldf cultivate and plant hisquota.and diredling whatfhould and what fhould not be eaten. By Co prudent a regulation. they ukeefTedual precautions againftafaminc; fufficient ground it employed in raifing provifions; and every article is fecured from unncceffary confumption. Br another good regulation, an officer of nnk is appointed to fuperintend the police. This department was ad.* miniflertd, while we continued among them, bf Feenou, whofe bufinefs (as wc were informed) ic*w«a, to punifh all delinquents: he was aUb geneiaiiflimo, or commander in chief of the forces of the iflandi. Poulaho himfelf declared to us, that, if he fhould be* cpioe a bad man, Feenou would dedirone, and Itilt maha, which denotes a chief. When we made enquiry conccrning them, wc were informed that the late king, father of Poulaho, left behind him a fitter of equal rank, and older than himfclfj that, by a native of Fee- jec, Ihe hud a fon and two daughters; and that thefe three perfons, as well as their mother, are of higher rank than the king. The mother, and one ofhcr daugh- tets, named Tooecla-kaipa, refidc at Vavaoo : the other daughter, called Moungoula-kaipa, and Latoolibooloo, the fon, dwell at Tongataboo. Moungoula-kaipa. is the lady of quality whom we mentioned ashavingdined with Captain Cook on the 2 1 tt of June. Latoolibooloo is thougnt by his countrymen to be out of his fenfct. At Middlcburgh. they Ihewed us a confiderable quan- tity of land, faid to be his property ; and, at the fame place, we faw a fon of his, a child, who was honoured with the fame rcfpcft, title, and homage as hit father : aiid the nativca much humoured and careiTcd thit little Tammaha. ? The language of thefe idands bean a great refetn- blancc to that of Ouheite, as will appear from the fiillowing fmall collection of worda, which we have •ndcavoured tomakeatcorrcd as poilible. A TABLE, containing a ihort fpecimen of the Lan- ^'guageof the Friendly Islands, with correfponding ■' wtfrda of the fiune iignification, at ufed in Otaheite. FktitNiHy Isles Otaheite English ICoonMO Ooitu ne Beard Wakka Evaa A Boat w Came Oole Efe Black Ahb Aou The Dawn Tfueeng* Tareet rbt Ear Eafoi Taheine Fooroo Fonooa Tao Tangata Motooa Ooha Goula Elaa Mohe Tooa Tahee Fatoort Elelo Amou Horo Matangee Avy Vefaine Kohaeea Mafanna Ou Koe Ai Kaee Ongofooroo Etoo I'angee Eky Eahoi Tocnea Eroroo FeiKXM Tao Taata Madooa Eooa Ooraoora Eraa Moe. I'outouortebu A A Tbe A A A The Tact Pateere Erero Mou Horoee Mauee Evy Waheine Yahaeea Mahanna Wou Oe Ai Aee Ahooroo Atoo Taec Ey Tbt The Girl Hair iMuttffftar Vartttt Jiam Rtd Sun Sleep Servant, »r «Ht ^ mean rank Sea Thwider Timne ToMd/aft T$ u'ipt, trtUanfe H^ind -HY tVatet * IVemaH lybat is that t Harm J Tm « res Nt TV// To rife up To /hid tears To eat Wc muft here obferve, that vocabularies of th!« kind cannot be entirely free from errors. Thcfe will unavoidably fpringup from various caul'cs. It will be difficult to fix the objedl of enquiry, when the concep- tions of thofc from whom wc are to learn the words, lb widely differ from our own ; nor could much be ob- tained from a preceptor who knew very few words of any language that his pupil was converfant with: but/ what led us frequently into miflakcs, wat, the impofli- bility of catching the true found of a word, to which our ears had never been accuflomed, from perfont, whofc pronunciation feemed to us, in general, to in- didindl, that two of us writing down tnc fame word from the fame mouth, made ufe, not only of different vowels, but even different confonantt, the founds of which are lead liable to ambiguity. Bcfides, from the natives endeavouring to imitate ut, or from our having mifunderAood them, we were led into firangecorrup- tions of words: thus, for example; cheeto, though to- tally different from the real word, in the language of Tongataboo, was always ufed by us to exprcfs a tnief. lliis midake took its rife from one, into which we had fallen, when at New Zealand. For though the word that fignifics thief there, is the very fame in the Friendly Idands (being Kaeehaa at both places) yet by fome blunder we had ufed the word teete, firfl at New Zealand, and afterwards at Tongataboo; the natives whereof, endeavouring to in^itate us as nearly at they could, febricated the word cheeto ; and this, by acoin« plication of miflakcs, wat adopted by ut at our own. The language of the Friendly Idanda bears a drik- ing refemUance to that of new Zealand, of Otaheite, aiM all the Society Iflct. Many of their words are alfo the fame with thcfe ufed by the inhabitants of Cocoa Idand, at may be feen by confulting a vocabu- lary made there by Le Mairc and Schouten. And yet. though Tafnun't people ufed the wordt of that voca- bulary, inTpeakii^ to the nativet of Tongauboo, (his Amfbfdam) we are tdd, in the accounti of his voy- age,, that they did not uridcrdand one another: a cir- cumfbmce worthy of notice ; at it fliewt how cautioiu we ought to be, inxm the fcanty evidence afforded by fuch tranlient viiitt at Tafnun'a,- and we may fay. as thofc of moft of the fubfequent navigatort of the Pa- cific Ocean,' tq foidid ahy argument about the affinity, or want of affiiiity, of the languages of different iflandi. No perfba will venture to fay now, that a C^ot man, and one; of Tongataboo, could noCj miderftand each 4 ' ochcr.' !■ COOK'S YHIRD ind LAbT VOYAGE— lo the FACIHIC «)CEAN, «cc. 479 other. Some of the wordi «t Horn Wand, tnothcr o» Schoutcn't dircoviriet, are Mo a part of the language of I'ongaiaboo. The pronunciation of the nativca of the Fricndiv I(1e» diReri, indeed, in many inttancei, from that both of Otaheite and New Zealand 1 ncverthcicfs a great nuniber of wordi, are either very little chan^d, or cxadtly the fame. The language fpoken by the h riendly Klanderi, it fufficiently copioui to exprcrs all their ideas i and.bcddes being harinonioui in common convcrfation, it eafily adapted to thcpurpofct of mtiflc.of which we had many proofi. At tar at we could judge, from our Ihort intercourfe with the nativet, its component parts are not numerous 1 and in Tome of its rules it agrcci with other known languagci: indeed it han none of the inHe^liont of nounsand verbs, as in the< Latin tongue 1 bat we could difcern eafilythe fcvcral degrees of com* parifcui. Among hundreds of words we were able to colica, we found terms to cxprefs numbers as far as a hundred thoufand, beyond which tliry either would not, or could not reckon: for having got thus far, tlicy commonly ufed a word exprclTmg an indcfmite number. At thefe ilandt the tidet are inorc confidcmbie, than at any other of Captain Cook's difcovciirs in this occun, that arc fituated within either of the tropics. In tlu channels between the illamls, it ilows near tide and h lU' tide; and it is only here and in a few places near the iliores, that the tide is perceptible; fu that wc could giicTsonly at the quarter from whence the flood comes. In the road of Annamuoka it fcts W. S. W. and lh« ebb the contrary, but it falls into the harbour of Tun« gaiaboo from the N. W. pafl'es through the two gutt on each fide of Hoolaiva, where it nms rapidly, and then fpcndt itfcif in the Lagoon. I'he enb return* the fame way with rather prra*cr force. The N. W. tide, at the entrance of the Lagoon, is met by one from . the E. but thit we found to be very inconfidcrable. At Annamooka it is high water mar fix o'clock, on the full and change of the moon; and the tide rifes and falls about Itx feet, upon a prrpendicjular. In the har- bour of I'on^'ataboo the tide rifet and fallt four feet three quarters on the full and change days, and tluce feet and a half at the quadraturet. During our Hay here we had feveral favourable 0|>> portunities of niaking agronomical and nautical obfcr- vationi; whereby we afcertained the dirterencc of loa« gitude between Annamooka and Tonuataboo with more exadnefs than wjn done in Captain Cook's fecomi voy- age. 1 he latitude of the former is 30 deg. i c min. & and its longitnde 185 deg. 11 min. 18 fie. E. The obfcrvatory was placed on the writ lidc of this idand: anil near the miiKllc of the north fide of the ifland of Tongataboo.the I ititiidc of which, according to the moft accurate obfervations, wc found to be 21 deg, 8 min. 1 a fee. S. and its longituiic iS^dep. 55 min. 18 fee. t* Having now toiicludiMl our icmari*erc indulged with a double allowance of grog, and they fotigo.t in the jollity of their cans, the hardlhips to which they had been expofed in the late ftorm. Wc fteeredE. N. E. and N. E. without meeting with any" rcnoarkable occurrence till Friday the 8th, when, at eleven o'clock, the man at the maft-head called out land, which we obferved bearing N. N. E. nine or ten 1 ^gues I ''' !i » / 4t» Oipt. COOK't VOYAGES COMPLETE. lli I ln|wt dHUnt. At IM it tp^wfcd like ttpum u Md pOhg hNwtaR MM iIMmi IM ftmt of tlM* Hhndti tut u «c appnMchcd. «t fiMnd h wu em- I wlHni «t BtiMid apm iIm bMhi ««f> cvmahMif llcdcd, ferming one and tSc iiNw Mhnd. WtiMdel •'— ^"-^ h irtiltr 'nmt nf niir rlflfnri Inifcl wiiww.twil dircAly fcr it, with ■ Rne grfr, Mid at ftvcn Vctock, I ikrirnKka ofwiwii iw l with Mri4Mli| mi ma ol P.M. itnielidcd finDmK.bf E loN. N. ELdMliM diim c«mi«i«l bbwiM alame <»nch4ktll| w «Mcb fcurMuHM. On the 9th, •ida)r break, wc (hand In trMd.oT akowiira fteilMig, wm Axtd. Ht kMM the N. W. or let ildc of the iHand i and u «t flwd ki a iMf me. whhoM any varhitton, and rtU iw M di found Ui S. W. part, we fliw it maRM b)r a iftf or eOTT«mditlm«a kfaidofmulicaiinftrMiteM. Wh*. cflraLrock, cxtrndiita in feme placf s, at lead, a mile iker the kiming at the coMch waa with mf paftkukr fn>mthcland.ilida high Atrfbfcakk^g over it. Aawt view, or what it porMndid,wt cannot by, but w« never hwnd k to be the winger oratac*. Attethcirca- nna, they appoarediebe abmit Mny feet long.and they loTe about two feet abnv« iht IkHbct of the waitr. aa diey floated. The fervaartMojadM a liititi the if- tnCoart rofr to the heifihi of twoor ihfc* fcct, with a drew near, we law people walking or running along fltorv, #1 KVcnl pana of the coaft, and, in a Owrt timt ■fter. when we had reached the Ice iide of the ifland, «w law two canoes, wherein were about a detcn men, who paddled towards ui. In order to give theft ca- tion time to come up with ut, ai wfll as to found lor anchorsgc, we fliortencd Taili and, at the diftanee of half a mile from the reef, we found from 40 to 1 ^ A. thorns water. The canoes having advanced within feiftoUlhot of the (hips, fuddcnly fteppcd. We dcfired Dmiah, u was ufual on fuch occauons, to endeavour to prevail upon them to come nearer 1 but none of his trgumentscould induce them 10 truft themfelvet within our reach. They often pointed eagerly to the Ihorc with their paddles ( at the fame time calling to us to go thither I and many of the people on the beach held up femecliin^ white in their hanos, which we conftrucd as an invitation for us to land. We could caiily have ac- complifhed this, there being good anchorage without the reef, and an opening in it, through which titc ca- noes had paflcd: but it was not thouont prudent to rilk the advantage of a fair wind, in order to examine an {(land that 10 us at prefent appeared to be of little con> fcqucnce. We required no refrcftiments. if we had txcn certain of meeting with them there^ and therefore, after having made fcveral unfuccefsfnl attempts, to prevail upon the iflanders to come along fide, we made fail to the north and left them 1 having hrft learned that the name of their idand was Toobouai. It wu a new difcovery, fituacc in a.i deg. 2 j inin. S. latitude, and aiodcg. 37 min. E. longitude A gentleman on board the Dilcoviry fay^ ; the men appeared of the lai^eft Oature, and tattowcd from head cu toot ; their language (iillcrent t'loin any we were yet acouaintcd withi their drefs not unlike that of the AmfterJamntcrs ; their com- plexion darl(cr 1 their heads ornamented with (hells, fea- thers, and flowers t and their canoes neatly conftruAed and elegantly carved. Of their manners we could form little or no iudgcmcnt. They appeared cxtremclyr ti- mid; but, uy their waving green boughs, and exhibit- ing other figni of peace, they gave us rcafon to believe that they were friendly. They exchanged ftrnw fnull fHh and cocoa nuts for nails and Miodlcbuigh cloth. In our approach to Toobouai, fume of our gentleinen, on boifird the Refolution, made the few following re- marks. Thesrearef^ extent of thi» ifland, in any direction. Is not above live or fix miles : but the above gentleman, belonging to the Difcovery, Pays, "Its greated length IS about twelve mites, and its breadth about (bur." Small, however, as it appeared to us, there are hills in it of a confiderable elevation ; at the foot of which is a narrow border of flat land, extending almoft all round bordered with a white fand beach, except a ftw with patches of trees intei^ lual curve, and, lilM the unper was carved all over. The reft of th« 'lldes were ormU pwt of the fides. it: mented with fl thers: this circunifluce being foon comnHinicatcd to the reft of the nativcf on deck. Ootee^ who befora rocky cliiTs in one part, with patches of trees inter- H w«iuld hardly fjgak to hkn, now b^ggc4 that thev fperred to their fummits. Thi < ifland. as we were in- I nrifeht be Tayoa (friends) and exchange namca. Onwfi ^med by die men in the canoes, is plentifully flocked I readily aceedttd of the honour, and « jucfent of ni ^ith hogs and fowlst and produces the fev , . al kinds of I ttittxtt ntiftcd the •itfNement. Bf wvf pt ntu% friiiu and trees that are to be met with in this neigh- Ootee Tent ilbore for a hqg. It warcvldent, however. bourhood. Wc ditcovcred alfo,that the inhabitants of Toobouai fpeak the langi^igeof Otaheite; an indulrit- able proof that they »rt of the fame nation. Thole whom we. on board the Refolution. (aw, were a flout copper coloured people; fome of whom wore |heir hair (which wasftraight and Mack) flowing about the flxHilders, and others had it tied in a buocih Mtjhe, cowh of the head. Their fiice^ were roundlm ihd fyti. but the features flat; and their countemnces expr^ed a degree of natural ferocity. Their «overiltg w«a a piece of narrow flMff wrapped round die wailf, iaA tOaBttf'ua prefiNi^ tlMt it was not dienian, but hit anputft mtlhcv eilcemed. Had he not di4)l^re4 Ma iMwiitefll' red feathers. »aoiniiiodiqr of gyoat «fti> iiMWIdnlDtlw'aiaiiiVitisa maWtFflf doubt whether' auf MmU liave b^Jbwcd « fiagb cogomik ^ipm hto. »icbyaa Ornish'* jM reception maimg hie< Ibe'M^. t^IbfiMlMa^tlMtlhevMkfto^^ citpiibatK with wtMch he mid lipenpettM b)r tht libatiitydf ht»frte«da idlEnglBnd. wwild ije the cen» jBtlhtWimi ofihuling him it«o ootde^ucnci^ unoi^the mmm mt of iMk Mi AM of II, W He i mt. Wlw> iijr pMCiciitar butwtMvtr iiothfirc*- mg, and they hi iMKr.M ttWi die Af- fect, widi « of thefidct, I vert om»« ORUi Theft Teven in the Mil peddles, 7 foinetimce ofeu^her, e rowcn oc-« and pulling ind. Seeins tood up, and not whether ir friendfliip. my weapons Iks difcover, with an cafy I ath, at day I of Maltea. cd out land, te, of which la, or Oheitf- nt. For this , In order to . part of the iweexpedcd II tw« o'clock Mv, the wind after, we had fo that, after :horing place, I the night at vere attended ir three men: no pirticulai did not know ugh they had iength a chief, named Ootee, med to be at and three or befiotcheem- DA botrd: yet rikiagiatWr idift^Ke on other into the rfiew i«dfiM> inMinicatcd to t, who beiiMre pit ihM the* lamcs. Omisli pfefent of red *9y pf ntnt% Imt, however, Miuui, but hi* not dil|di^ f of gynt«ti- doubt whethiT' OGWMiKvpan on wnMNig hw" ivatabledloclc attib^by the old i|e the c«F» aG^unoag;tht flrfk \ ^ vy w»« mwiir sncar^' '.'•F'-'VIW'. ' i ' i ? a.t, ! ^ ' vx. - /.i.Sl a, i: - ,i^ ... * ' * t' ii; I r -ff-rrz - "Mi l r. ' nf J!" v * — r^-.~«-. mnsBsatoi Ji ••' ,%\t? %» XV ' ,• '■* t«T.-.~«-. ---r- - ■ •« »l| /'I J !] f' I ft I Si'i ii\ i: I n ell': iir rw p.; COOK'* THIRD and LAST VOYAGk— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 4fii fifft pcrfbm «r mik &nittgjWat the Society Idands. TMi,Mced. muft have bcfuiYhccaft. M he con- duacdhiWdrvithwif degree of pradcncei but he paid little attantifNl to the repeated advice of his bcft frieiid*, and laid himfelf 9pentocvery inpofltiod. ThmiHh Ml mearo we werejiMbrmed t^ the native* wh»CM^9A^ to u«,thatiince Capain Coolclaft vlfited thi*lAMdini774, twoihip* had been twice .in |hi* bay, and had kit animal* there, refembling thoie mc '-' IpadiwlKMrds but on a minute enquiry into particft- . hrv wc f confift only of hogi. do^, goat*, 'abwCandthenwieof another animal, which they (b impofe^y defcribed, that we could not conjeuure what it wa*. Thefe fliipi, they faid, had come from a place, called Reenu, which we fuppofcd to be Lima, the capital of Peru, and that there late viflton were fonfe(]uently ^niarda. Thcv alfo told us, that th ccpt on Saturday nights, when all the men had a full allowance of it, to gratify them with drinking the healths of their female lafles in England t left amidft the pretty girls of Ouheite, they (hould be totally for- gotten. Thurfday the 14th we began fome lieceffary opera- tions, fuch as infpedting the proviflons in the main and fbrehold ; getting the calks of beef, pork, &c. out of the ground tier, and putting a quantity of ballad in their place. The fliip wis ordered to be caulked i which (he ftood in much need of; having, at times, made a confiderablc deal of w ater in our parage from the Friendly Ifles. We alfoput our cattle on fliorc, and appointed two of our hands to look afrcr them, while grazing; not intending to leave any of them on this part of the ifland. The two following dnys it rained moft incelTantly ; notwiihftanding which, wc were viJital by the natives from every quarter, the news of our arrival having moft rapidly fpread. Wa- heiadooa, though at a confiderablc diftancc, had been inforined of it, and in the afternoon of Saturday the im the other. The captain was prophetic on this occafion ; for Waheiadooa, as he exped^ed, kept the maro for himfelf, and only fent to Otoo about a twentieth part of what compofed the magnificenc prefent. Tucfday the 19th, it blew a hard gale, and we weie obliged to veer out 20 fathom more of our bed bowei- cable, as we rode hard at our moorings. Mod of the frcfli proviflons, with which we had been fupplied at the Friendly Ifies, having been expended in the voyage, orders were given to prohibit all trade with the natives, except for provifions; and that only with fuch per- fons as were appointed purveyon for the fhips ; 1^ which prudent regulation, frefli provifions were foon procured in plcntv, and every man was allowed a pound and a half of pork every day. In the morhing. Cap- tain Cook received from the young chief a prefent of ten hogs, foinc cloth, and a quantity of fruit. In the evening we exhibited and played off fire-works, which both pleafed and adoniflied the numerous fpcdlators. This day fome of our gentlemen, in their walks, dif- covered, as they thought, a Roman Catholic Chapel. They defcribed the altar, which, they faid, they.nad feen, and every other conllituent part of fuch a place of worlhip, yet, at the fame time, they intimated, that two pcrfons, who had the care of it, would not permit them to go in ; on which account the Captain had the curiofity to furvejr it hitnfelf. The fuppofed chapel proved to be a Toopapoo, wherein the body of the late Waheiadooa was depofited, in a kind of date. It by in a pretty large houfe, enclofed with a low pallifade. The. Toopapoo was remarkably neat, and refembled one of thofe little awnings over their large canoes. It was hung and covered with mats and cloths of a variety of colour!!, which had a beautiful effcA. One piece of fcarlet broad-cloath of the length of four or five yards, appeared confpicuous among other ornaments, which probably had been received as a prefent from the Spaniards. This cloth, and fome talfels of fea- thers, fuggeded to our gentfemen the idea of a chapel « and their imagination lupplicd whatever elfe was want- ing to create a refemblance : hearing that the Spaniards had vifited this place might alfo operate on their minds upon this occafion, and add to the probability of its being a chapel. Some fmall offerings of fruits and roou feemed to be made daily at this fhrine, feveral pieces being now frefii. Thefe were depofited on a kind of altar, which ftood without the pallifades s within which we were not permitted to enter. Two men condantly attend here, both night and day, as well to watch over the place, as to drefs and undrefs the Toopapoo. When we came to view it, the cloth and its appendageswere rolled up 1 but at the captain's requed, the two attendants placed it in order, but not till after they had, drefiTed themfelves in white robes. Ihe chief, we were informed, had been dead about 30 months. ' On Friday the ^adi in the morning, the live dock were taken on board, and we prepared for fea. The next day, while the fhips ^were unmooring, Omiah, Captain Cook, and other gentlemen, landed, in order to take leavtf of the young chief. While we were cohverfing ivith him, one ofthpfe perfonsthcy call Eatooss,'from a perfuafion that they pofTefs the fpirit of the divinity, prefented himfelf Knre us. He had all the appearance of infantty i ani bis only coverii^ Was a quantity of plantain Ieat)csVnqi>ped round his waift. He uttered what he had to far in a low (bueait- ing voice, fo as harcUy to be undcrftood : but Omiah ^ ' laid ■m m '-^^^■■kAi T¥-; ^■ ^■\»l «;■■;.• 'j ^! ■/^4 ■'... ■■<■ ■ . , r 4 ./f.' > 1 .^ I, ;-.t :■:■■!! K« '- - ' ii "*~ . •J M m I ■■!'! M I . |;i|rf :■ ; • .*■ 1 ■ ■' ,s' n ■■ ' • ' ■•;!W¥#C ••j .'^•fcH-, :' ': ■ y ■ :i* ■ f • ' #H' !>H' 'f-'^' -M COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 483 raid he perfcdly comprehended him, nnd that he was |j adviftng young Waheiadpoa not to accompany Cap- | tain Cook to Matavai. an expedition wc did not know he intended, nor had the captain ever made fuch a propofal to him. The Eatooa alfoprediftcd. that the ihipi would not arrive that day at Matavai. In this, however, he was miftaken, though appearances, wc confefs, favoured his aflertion, as, at the time, there was not a finglc breath of wind in any dire(ftion. While he was delivering his prophecy, a heavy fliowcrof rain came on, which occafioncd all to run for flicltcr, ex- cept fiimfelf, who aflre(fled to dcfpifc it. He continued fqueaking about half an hour, and then retired. Little attention was paid to what he uttered; and fomeofthc natives laughed at him. The captain alked the chief whether the enthufiaft was an Earee, or a Tow-tow j he anfwercd, that he was a bad man: and yet, notwith- (tanding this reply, and the little notice taken of the mad prophet, fuperftition fo far governs the natives, that they ahfolutely believe fuch pcrfons to be filled with the fpirit of the Eatooa. Omiah feemed to be well inftrudted concerning them. He faid, that, during the fits, with which they are fcized, they know not any perfon, and that if any one of the ififpircd natives is a man of property, he will then give away every moveable he pofleflt-.'i, if his friends do not put them out of his reach ; and, when he recovers, he feems not to have the Icaft remembrance of what he had done during the time the frenzy, or fit, was upon him. Wc how returned on board, and foon after, a light breeze fpringing up at eal^, we got under fail, and the fame evening anchored in Matavai Bay ; but the Difcovery did not get in till the next morning ; confequently the tnan's prophecy was half fulfilled. In a journal be- longing to one on board the Difcovery, we find this account of her fctting fail, and arrival at Matavai. " On the 23d, about nine o'clock, A. M. we weighed, and (ailed, accompanied with feveral canoes, though the wind blew a Itorm, and we failed under double- reefed top-fails. In the evening the Rcfolution took her old ftation in Matavai Bay ; but the wind fudden- ly (hiftinp, and the breeze coming full from the land, ■wc were driven three leagues to the leeward of the bay, by which we were reduced to the neceHity of working all night to windward, amidft thunder, lightning, and lain, and among reefs of coral rocks, on which we every moment expefled to peri lb. Wc burnt falfe fires, and fired feveral guns of diftrefs ; but no anfwer from the Refolution, nor could we fee any objeft to dire£l us, during this perilous night. In the morning of the 24th, the weather cleared up, and we could fee the Refolution about three leagues to the windward of us, when a (hift of wind happening in our fa- vour, we took advantage of it, and by twelve at noon were fafely moored within a cable's length of the Rc- folution." It is impodlhle to give an adequate idea of the joy, which the natives exprefled on our arrival. The (hores every where refounded with the name of Cook : not a child that could lifp Tootc was filent. The manner whereby thefe people exprefs ther joy is fo dif- ferent from our fenfations, that were wc to fee perfons nabbing themfelves with iliarks teeth, till their bodies were befmeared with blood, we (hould think they were pierced with the molV frantic defpair, and that it would be almoft impolTible to aflTuage their grief; whereas, beating their brea(\s, tearmg their hair, and wounding their heads and their bodies, arc the mod fignificant figns of their gtadncfs to fee their friends. But, at the lame time, they arc ready to overwhelm you with kind- nefs, and would give you, for the moment, all they have in the world, yet the very next hour, they will crave all back again, and, like children, teaze you for every thing you have got. In the morning of this day being Sunday the 34th, Otoo, the king of the whole ifland, accompanied by a great numberof the natives, in their canoes, came from Oparree, hisplaccof refidence, and having landed on Nutavai point, fent a meflcngeron board, intimatinghis defiit to fee Captain Cook there. The captain accord'. ingly went alhore, attended by Omiah, and fomeofthc ofltcers. We found a vaft multitude of people alFcm- bled on this occafion, in the midll of whom was the king, with his father, his two brothers, and three fiOers. The captain faluted him, and was followed by Omiah, who kneeled and embraced his legs. Though Omiah had prepared himfclf for this ceremony, by drcfling himfelf in his bed apparel, and behaved with great rcfpeft and modefty, yet very little notice was taken of him. He made the king a prefcnt of two yards of gold cloth, and a large tafll-l of red feathers ; and the captain gave him a gold laced hat, a fuit of fine linen, fome tools, a quantity of red feathers, and one of the bonnets worn at the Friendly Idands. I'his vifit being over, the king, and all the royal family^ accompanied Captain Cook on board, followed by feve- ral canoes, plentifully laden with all kinds of provi- fions. Each family owned a part, fo that the captain had a prefcnt from every one of them ; and each re- ceived from him a feparate prefcnt in return. Noc long after, the king's mother cajnc on board, bring- ing with her fome provifions and cloth, which me divided between the captain and Omiah. Though the latter was but little noticed at firll by his countrymen, they no fooncr gained information of his wealth, than they*egan to court his fricndlhip. Captain Cook encouraged this as far as lay in his power, being de- (iious of fixing him with Otoo. Intending to have all our European animals at this ifland, we thought Omiah would be able to give the natives fome m- ftruftion with regard to their ufe and management, and the captain was convinced, that the farther he was removed from his native ifland, the more he would he refpe£led. But unfortunately, Omiah rejcflcd his advice, and behaved in fo imprudent a manner, that he foon loft the fricndfhip of Otoo, and of all the moll confiderable people at Otaheitc He alTociated with none but vagabonds and ftrangers, whofe fole intention was to plunder him; and if we had not interfered, they would not have left him ". finglc article of any va- lue. This condudl drew upon him the ill will of the principal chiefs ; who found that they could not obtain, from any one in either Ihip, fuch valuable prefepts as were beuowed by Omiah on the lowed of the natives. After dinner, a party of us accompanied Otoo to Opar- ree, taking with us fome poultry, confiding of a peacock and hen, a turky cock and hen, three geefe and a gan- der, one duck and a drake. All thefe we left atOparree, in the poflTcflion of Otoo ; and the geefe and ducks be- gan to breed before we failed. We found there a gander, that Captain Wallis had given to Oberca ten years before ; we alfo met with feveral goats, and the Spanilh bull, a fine animal of his kind, whom they kept tied to a tree, near the habitation of Otoo. He now belonged to Etary, and had been conveyed from Oheitepeha, to this place, in order to be fhipped for Bolabola. On Monday the 25th, wc fent to this bull, the three cows we had on board; alfo ourEnglifli bull; but the horfc, mare, and (heep, were put alhore at Matavai. Having thus difpofed of thefe animals, we were now, to our great fatisfadion, cafed of the ex- traordinary trouble and vexation that had attended the bringing this living cargo to fuch a didance. We mall here, for the entertainment of our readers, give an account of the reception the ftiips met with, on their arrival at this ifland, together with fome other particulars, and tranfadions, all which we have taken from an original manufcript, fent us by a gentleman, on board the Difcovery. . A few hours after wc were moored in the bay of Otaite Peha, Omiah took an air- ing on horfeback, to the great adonifliment of the in- habitants, many hundreds of whom followed him with loud acclamations. Omiah, to excite their admiration the more, was drefled cap-a-pee in a fuit of armour, and was mounted and caparifoned with his (word and pike, like St. George going to kill thti dragon, whom he very nearly rcprefented j only that Omiah had pidoU in his holders, of which the bold faint ki^ew not the ufe. Omiah, however, made good ufc of his arms ; for when the crowd became clamorous and troubl^efome, he m m I. ' iii 484 Cipt. COOK'i VOYAOliS COMPLETE. I m It 1 . •? 1 1 he (very now and (hen pulled nuta pillnlt ami tired it a!ni>n{{ them, which never failid to (end them Tcampcr- ing awayk The (hipi wtre no (boner fccurcd, than the failon began ftrippirt^ them of every foot of rigging they had left t fof certainly no Ihipi were in a more (liattercd condition. Our voyage from New Zealand, if not from the Cane, might be laid to be one continued fcriea of tciupclluous weather, fufpended only by a few inter- vals of funfliine; and the employment of our artificer at fea and on Ihore, a laborious exertion of their fa- culties to keep us above water. Here it was not only neceflary to (trip the main-raaft of the Difcoveryt but to ukc it out, and carry it on (hore, to be property fe- cured. This was a work of no fmall difiiculty. Here too we found it necclTary to unihip our (lores of every kind; to air and repack our powder; new bake that part of the bread that had contracted any dampncfs ; toerci^l the forge on (hore; in (hort to fct all hands at work to relit the (hips for the further profecution of the voyage. A melTenger was difpatchcd from Captain Cook to king Otoo, to acquaint him with our arrival, and to dc(ire his pcrmitTion to fend the cattle he had brought from England, to feed in the pafturcs of Oparrce. The king exprc(red his joy on the return of Captain Cook, and readily gave his coafent. He, at the fame time, ordered one of his principal officers to accompany the melTengcr, in hit return, and to take with him prefents of frefli provifions for the commanders of both (hips, and to invite them to dine with him the next day. Tnis invitation was accepted, and it was agrcv .1 between the two Captains, that their vifit (hould be made with as much Itatc as their prcfent circum(lances would admit. The marines and mufic were therefore ordered :o be in readiriefs at an appointed hour, and all the rowers to be clean drelTed. We were now in Matavai harbour; and, on the 25th, about noon, the commanders, with the principal officers, and gentlemen, embarked on board the pinnaces, which, on this occafion, were decked in all the magni licence that (ilken dreamers, embroidered enfigns, and other gorgeous decorations, could difplay. Omiah, to furprize the more, was cloathed in a Captain's uniform, and ^ -Id hardly be di(lingui(hed from a Briti(h officer. 1*. /m Matavai to Oparree is about fix miles; and we arrived at the land- ing-place at one o'clock, where we were received by the marines already under arms ; and as foon as the company were difcmbarked, the whole band of mu(ic ftruck up a graiul military march, and the proccllion began. The road from the beach to the entrance of the palace (about half a mile) was lined on both fides with natives from all paru, expeding to fee Omiah on horfeback, as the account of his appearance on the other (idc of the illand, as before related, had already reached the inhabitants nn-rhia. As he appeared to them in difguife, he was not known: they were not, however, wholly difappointed, as the grandeur of the piocefllon exceeded every thing of the kind they had ever fecn. The whole court were likewife a(rembled, and the king, with his fifters, on the approach of Cap- tain Cook, came forth to meet him. As he was pcr- fedtly known to them, their (irft falutations were frank and friendly, according to the known cuftoms of the Otaheiteans; and when thefe were over, proper at- tention was paid to every gentleman in company, and that too with a politencfs, quite unexpedled to thofe who had iKver before been on this ifland. As foon as the company had entered the palace, and were feated, fome difcourfe pafTed between the king and Captain Cook ; after which, Omiah was prefented to his ma- jc(ty, and paid him the ufual homage of a fubjed to a (overcign of that country, which confifts of little more than being uncovered before him, and then en- tered into a familiar converfation on the fubjed of his travels. The Eareet, or kings of this country, arc not above difcouHing with the roeaiieft of their fubjeds ; but Omiah. by being a favourite of the Earees of the (hips, was now confidered as a perfon of fome rank. Tbe king, impatient to hear hii (rory. afkcd him a hun- 4 dred queflions, before he gave him time to anfwer one. He enquired about the Earee-da-hai, or Great King of Prctanne; hjs place of re(idencei his court; his at- tendants; his warriors; his (hips of war; hi* moriii the extent of his polfefnons; ficc. Omiah did not fail to magnify the grandeur of the Great King. He repre- fcnteiuhe fplendour of his court, by the brilliancy of the ftars in the firmament ; the extent of his domi> nions, by the vaft cxpanfc of heaven ; the greatnefs of his power, by the thunder that (hakes the earth. He faid, the Great King of Prctanne had three hundred thoufand warriors every day at his command, cloathed like thofe who now attended the Earees of the Ihipst and more than double that number of (kilors, who tra- verfcd the globe, from the rifing of the fun to his fet. ting i that his (hips of war exceeded thofe at Matavai in magnitude, in the fame proportion, as thofe exceeded the fmall canoes at Oparrce. His majctly appeared all aftonifhment, and could not help interrupting him. He aflvcd, if what he faid was true, where the Great King could (ind people to navigate fo many (hips as covered the ocean .' and if he could have men, where he could find provifions forfo large a multitude? Chniah alfured him, that in one city only, on the banks of a river, far removed from the fea, there were more pco« pie, than were contained in the whole group of idands with which his majeny was acquainted ; that the coun- try was full of large populous cities ; notwithdanding . which provifions were fo plentifiil, that for a few pieces of yellow metal, like thofe of which he had feen many, (meaning the medals given by Captain Cook to the chiefs) the Great King could purchafc as much pro> vifions as would maintain a failor for a whole year. That in the country of the Great King, there are more than a hundred different kinds of four fboted animals, from the fize of a rat, to that of a (lage eretfled on an ordinary dinoe; and that all thefe animals are numer- ous in their feveral kinds, and propagate very fiift. Omiah having, by this relation, obviated Otoo's doubts, adverted to his nrd quedions. He (aid, the (hips of war, in Prctanne, were fumi(hed with poo-poos, (guns) each of which would receive the laqjed poo-poo hi* majefiy had yet feen, within it; that fome carried a hundred and more of thofe poo-poos, with fuitable ac- commodations for a thoufand fighting men, and (low- age for all forts of coraagc, and warlilce (Yores ; befidet provifions >ia«k the attark, the other UikkI upon the defcnfivc. He uho nude the attack brandilhetl hii lance, and either threw, piirtied, or ufcd if in aid of hit dub. He who was upon the dcfcndvc, ftuck the point of his lance in the uround, in an oblique direk of a quantity of the choiceft r«d feathers that could be pur- chafed at Amlberdam. Rod feathers, (as has been al- ready obferved} are held in ihe l^igheft cftimation in No. 59. Otaheite, and m all the Socitt) IllamU, but more par- ticularly by tlif chiefs of the former illaml, hv whimi thev arc ufrd as amulets, or rather as propitiations to make their prayers aiccptable id tho j^ootllpirit, whom they invoke with tuft* of rhofc fcailurs U\ ilu-ir hamU, made up in a peculiar maniur, and held up in a certain polition with much folcninity. I lie ordinary forts of red feathers were collec'tcil by our olliccrs and mm all over the I ricndly Ifiands; but thofc that were now pre- fcntcdto Otoo, were of a fupcrior kiiul, in value as much aljovc the ordinary red fi-athrrs, as real pearls are in value above I'Venth pafti-. They were taken from the heails of the parotjiicts of Tonj^ataboo and h^-oo-whf, which are of fupcrlativc beiniy, and precious in proportion to ilicir linencf^, and the vivid glow of their precious colours. Here, we learnt, that Captain C:f>ed himfelf, and then changed his direction to enable him to keep his word. To which of thefe caufcs it was ow ing we muft leave to fu- turity ; for to us, who were not in the fecret, it is to this day a myftery. We were ailvanced fome degrees to theea(\ward ot ilcrvey's Illes, whi( h lie in latitude 19 deg. 1 8 min. S. and in 201 dcg. K. longitude, before wc altered our courfe to the wcflward, to make for Anifter- dam, which lics'in 21 dcg. 15 min. S. and 185 deg. K. longitude, whereas the illand of Ulictea, of which Omiah was a native, lay in latitude 16 deg. 45 min. and longitude 208 deg. (5 min. Why our courfe to the former was preferred to the latter, involves the myf- tery. Though all public trade was prohibited, as was ufual, till the fliips (liould be furnilhed with frcfh provifions, it was not cafy to rcllrain the men on (horc from trad- ing with the women, who were continually enticing them to dcfert. "I'hc ladies of pleafure, in lx)ndon, have not half the winning w ays that arc praftiled by the Otcheitean mifTes, to allure their gallants. With the fecming innocency of doves, they mingle the wilinefs of ferpcnts. They have, however, one quality peculiar to themfelves, that is conf^ancy. When once they have made their choice, it muft be owing to the failor himfelf, if his miftrefs proves falfe to him. No women on earth are more faithful. They will endeavour to gain all their lovers pofTcfs; but they will fufter no one elfeto invade their property, nor will they embezzle any part of it themfelves, w ithout having firft obtained content; but that confent is not eafily withheld ; for they are incefTant in their importunities, and will ne- ver ceafe afking, while the failor has a rag to beftow. During our ftay at this illand, we had hardly a failor, who had not made a very near connection w iih one or other of the female inhabitants; nor, indeed, man7 officers who were proof againll the allurements of the better fort, w ho were no lefs amorous and artful, though more referved, than the inferior order. The tempehi- ture of the climate, the plenty of fre(h provifions, fi(h, fowl, pork, bread-fruit, yams (a kind of fweet potatoes, which they have the art of ftewinc with their pork iti a very favoury manner) added to tnc delicious fruits of the ifland, contributed not a little to make our ftajr jl hene even dclirablc; nor did idlcnefs get pofTefTirin : t M 'I, lit'- ft'V' m Ill ^ ;: I a vacant hour between buliniT:t ami pleafiirc that wat unemployed: we wanted no cotFcc houl'cs to kill limci nor VauxhalUforour evening cntertainmenti. Kvery nightly alfcnnbly, in the plantationa ottht* happy ifle, iaTurninied,by beneficent nature, with a more liixuri. oui fcall than all the duinties of the inod funiptuoui champetre, though laviflicd with unlimited prot'ufion, •tHl cmbla/oned with the molt cxpeniive decorationi of art. Ten thoufand lamps, combined and ranped in the molt advantageoui order, by the hands of the belt artill, appear faint, when compared with the brilliant (tars of^hcaven that unite tlicir fpiendor, to illuminate the groves, the lawns, and ftrcams of Oparree, Inthcfe elylun fields, immortality alone is wanting to the en« 1'oyment of all iliofe picafurcs which the |)oct'a fancy lat^'onferred on ihe Ih.uirs of departed heroes, as the higheO reward of heroic virtue. U»it amidil fo many delights, it vvai not for human n.irurc to fublid long without faticty. Our officers began to be |Mn US; and this was put beyond all doubt, when Mr. Wil- liamfon returned the day followii mates had mads an excurflon Into the country, to purchafe curiofities, and had taken with hint four hatchets for the purpofe of exchange. He having been fo imprudent as to em- ploy a> native to carry them, the fellow took an oppor- tunity of running off with fo valuable a prize. This was the reafon of the fudden flight, in which Otoo himfeif,. and all his family, had joinnfd { and it was with difficulty that the Captain (lopped them, after having followed them for the fpace of two or three miles. As the Captain had determined to take no harfh mea- fures for the recovery of the hatchets, that hi> people .- • for ', one of the J with thrin :crior appcar- ic reft ut' the Pome SpaniOt tre 'Si Sctmor. uc had called hcctr. Cap> on board his the year fol- Iflandi, New M. He had ativc, to Ota- lably with thc prcfcrrcd the 1 to ours t for, othcs, which )cr to fend for carinff them, who had been the ftrong in- i acquired ae ifonablc fup- ledalmoft the imc alter be- thc vifitor of i his original nformcd by a ■ Spanilh ihips light) and, to nc coarfc blue c of the (hips. he people, atid 1 two oi- three ices, which he ippcaran.c ^f A 'Lieu'Lenanc }chabay|iwd, into a proper id and Spain did not know mc, have been had reafon to tmpofed upon hen Mr. Wil- niade his re- did not find ncc wc left it. here we were- was a fidion» > what view it :o>.iId not con- ; report would irive the inha- res they might there; the na- nveteratc cne- t Matavai, the 39tb, on ac- t unable to get ; the going of this day, the from our land Wc conjec- fome the;ft had uniflinnent on ;quainted with lates had mads lafe curiofities, >r the purpofe dent at to em- took an oppor- a prize. This 1 which Otoo and it was with 1, after having }r three miles. ; no harfli mea- that hu people for •Ut w m ■1 m "■mi. M«M rw; MP' ■riff' >M. ^: - U.k • M ^H ■li\9 w^ M COOK« TlilRIJ ami I.A3 I' VOYAliE— To the I'AtlUC OCEAN, &c. 487 tn Ihe fiiwirc rmnh* toe morr Ujwn thrir nu.ir.l «n»inft fuch nrulncncc, every thing relumcci nuitkly us lortiur imnquility. • . r Saturday ihe loth, fome mcfTcngfri arrivctl from KmcowUh »m«llt«cncc,ihat thciwoplr ol thm ilUiul were in vmi« 1 and that Otm/t |>«riizaiu there haa been compcHwl by «h« «»ppo(ltc party to retreat to the mnuntaint. The quaml between the two iflandi, which began in 17 >, had partly fubliftcd ever lime. A formidable annatnrnt had failed fuon alter Captain Conic left Oiaiieiie, in hi» former voyacci but the malecontrnti of I miro had made fo (gallant a rclif> tamre.that tiic flut hiid returned without fu(ened the biifincf.s with a fpecrh nf conHderabJe length, the purport ol which wai to e*r liii the (Ituation of alVaira at Kimco, and to excite rh Oiaheiteant to arm on the ocraiion. Thii opinion wa* oppofcd by other*, who were aga nft commencing hollilitica i and the debate, for fwiie tunc, waa carried on with great order ami decorum. At kngtb, however, the whole alTeinbly became vtry tumultuoui, and the captain began to thinl<, thiit ihcii tneeting would conclude like a Folidi diet. Hut t^c contemiing chiefs cooled aa faft a.i they grew w;imi, and order wat fpeedily reftorcd. In the end, tin inn t^ for war prevailedi and it wai refolved, though r o unaniinoiilly, that a ftrong force (hould be fcnt to F.imeo. Otoo faid very little, during the whole ilc bate. Thole of the council inclinable to w.ir, applied to our commodore lor hii aflilVanccj and all ot iluni were dciiioua of knowing what part he would t;ikc. Omiah v»a« fent for to ait a» hii interpreter j but as he could not be (luund, the captain, being under a ncs.cf- fity of fpeaking for himfelf, told them, as well as he could, that, as he was not perfet'tly acquainted with the difpute, and as the natives of F.imeo had ncvir given nimthcleaft oUcncc, hecoulc not think ot'cn- ganing in hoftilitics againft them. With this decla- ration they either were, or appeared to be fatisficd. The council was now diflulved j but before the captain retired, Otoo dcfired him to come again in ihcaltcr- ijoon, and bring Omiah with him. A pr.rty of us ac- cordingly waited uponliim at the appointed times and ^e conduced us to his father, in whofc prefence the difpute with the natives of Eimeo was again diiculFcd. Captain Cook being very defiious of cijecting an ac- commodation, founded the old chief on that fubjc^ii hut he was deaf to any fuch uro^ofal, and fully deter- mined to carry on holUlitics. On our enquiring into the taufe of the war, we were informed, that fcvcral yeais ago, a brother of Waheiadooa, of 1 iaraboo, was fent to Eimco, at the dcfire ol Maheinc, a p>pular chief of that iHand. to be their kingi but had iu>t been theie many days, before Maheinc, having caufed him to be put to death, fet up for himfelf, in oppoiition to Tiera- laboonooe, nephew of the deccafed, who now became the lawful heir, or perhaps had been appointed by the people of Otaheite, to fuccccd to the government on rhe deuth of the othe' Tow ha, who is related to Otoo, and chief of thediftri c ofTettaha, and whohad been commander in chief of the armament fent againfl Eimeo in 1774, happened not to be at Matavai at this time.- and therefore ''>.v .lot prcfent at theconfultations. It appeared, however, that he was no Hranger to w hat liad happened, and that he entered into the tranfadions with great eagernefs and fpirit : for on the rumour of ■ war, it was computed, that near 300 canoes were fnuftcrcd in Matavai Bay, with ftages to each, whereon fat from three to fix chiefs in their warlike cirelles ; yrhich Teemed calculated for Ihew rather than ufc in ixittle. On their heads were large turbans wound round in many folds ; over that a monftrous helmit ; and on their bodies, inftead of the light airy drcfs worn in common, they were incumbered by many garments of their own cloth, which added indeed to their Mature, ^ut which muft diii^ble them to exert their lUength in the day of battle. Men of fertile miigination, fond of tracing the analogy of antieni cufloin*, among the dif. fcrent nationaof the world, might polTbly difcover fonie limilarity between thcic lumhrous HrelIVs, and ilmre of the knights of anticnt chiv,ilry, who fought in ar- mour. It is certain that the Otahciican who tighii on foot mufl feel the fame incumbrance from hi* heavy war-clrefs, as the aniient knight, who fought on horfe* back muft have dona, from his unwcildly armour 1 anil there ii no doubt but the former will, one time or other, l)c laid alidc in the tropical ifles, at much ai the latter is now in every other part of the world. On Monday the lit of .September, a meflenger ar. rived from Towha, to acquaint Otoo, that he haukilled a man to be facriliced to the Fatooa, with the view of imploring the alliOancc of the deit^ ai;ainlt Kimco. This foK-mn oblation was to be oflircil at the great Moral, at .\ttahooroo, and Oroo's prcfenrc was neceC« I'lry on the occaiion. That fuch kind of faci ificcs con* Ititutc a uart of the religious ceremonies of the Ota- hcitcini, had been allcrtcd by Monf. Ikiugainville, on the tedimoin o( the native whom he took to France. In our lalt vilit to Otaheite, we had faiistied ourfelves, ih.it liith a practice, however inconlident with the ';encial humanity of the people, was here adopted. •'lit this was one of thofe uncommon tiiiU, concerning 'he truth of which many will not be convinced, unlcls the iL'l.itur himU'lf has had ocular proof to fupport liis allcrtion 1 fiir this rcafon, C'.iptain Cook requeued olOtoo, tliat he might be allouej to accompany him^ ,iiul, by being prcfent at the lolimniry, might obtain the hi)^hcll evidence of its certainty. I'o this the king readily allented, and we immeditcly fct out in the captaiii's boat, accompanied by our old friend Potatou, Mr. Anderfiin and Mr. Webber; Omiah following ua in his canoe. We landed in our way, on a fmall ifland, lying oll'Tcttaha, where we found Touha and his at- temiants. After a little convcrfation between the two hicfs, on the fubjcd of the war, Towha addrefTcd himfelf to the captain, foliciting his alliltance. When the latter excufed himfelf, Towha feemed difpleafed, thinking it rather extraordinary, that one who had- conllantly declared himfelf the tricnd of their iiland, Ihould now refufe to light againll its enemies. Be- fore we feparatcd, Towha gave to Otoo two or three red feathers, tied up in a tuft, and a half-ftarved dog was put into a cantjc that was to accompany us. Our party now reimbaiked, taking with us a pricft, who was to ainil at the otl'ering of the human facrifice. About two o'clock, we landed at Attahooroo, when Otoo delircd that the failors might be ordered to con- tinue ill the boat ; and that Captain Cook, Mr. Ander- fon. and Mr. Webber, would take ofl° their hats as foon aa they ihould come to Yhe Moral. To this we im.^ mediately proceeded, followed by numbers of men^ and fomeboys; but not one woman was prcfent. We found four prielts with their alTiftants waiting for usf and on our arrival the certmonies commenced. The dead body or facriticc wasiiva fmall canoe, that lay on the beach, fronting the Moryi. Two of the priefts, with feveral of their attendants, were fitting by the canoe that lay on the beach 1 the others at the Morai< Our company ftoppcd at the diftance of twenty or thirty paces from the priefta. Here Otoo placed him- felfi our gentleAaen, and a few others, uanding by him, while the bulk of the people were removed at a greater diftance. One of the aflifiants of the pricftt now brought a young plantain tree, and laid it dowi» before the k'l g. Another approached, beating a fmall tuft of reJ it.athera, twifted on fome fibres of the cocoa-nut hu(k, wirh which he touched one of Otoo'a feet, and afterwards retired with it to his companions. One of the pricfls who were feated at the Moral, now began a long prayer, and, at particular times, fent down young pliMitain trees, which were placed upon the facrince. During' this prayer, one of the natives,, who Hood by the officiating priefi, held in his hands two bundles, in one of which, as we afterwards found, waa the royal maro; and the other, if we maybe allowed the cxpreffion, was the ark of the Eatooa. The prayer Ipcmg tV.. lill ::i I I I'!. hl'lr 488 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. m being finilhed, the pricfts at the Morai, with their affif- tantf, went and fat down by thofc who were upon the beach, carrying the two bundles with them. 'I'hcy here renewed their prayers ; during w hich the plantain trees were taiten, one by one, at various times, from ott" the 'dead body, which, being wrapped up in cocoa- icaves and fmall branches, was now talcen out of the canoe, and laid upon the beach. The priefts placed themfelvcs round it ; fome landing, and others titting; and one, or more of them, repeated fcntences for about ten minutes. The body was now Gripped of the leaves and branches, and placed parallel with the fea-Hiore. Then one of the priefts ftanding at the feet of the eorpfe, pronounced a long prayer, in which he was joined occafinnally by others, each of them holding a tuft of red feathers in his hand. While this prayer was repeating, fome hair was pulled off the head of the in- tended facrifice, and the left eye was taken out ; both which being wrapped up in a green leaf, were prcftntcd to the king, who, however, did not touch them, but gave to the man who brought them to him, the tuft of red feathers which he had received from Towha. This, with the eye and hair, were taken to the priefts. Not long after this the king fent them another bunch of feathers. In the courfe of this laft ceremony, a king- fiflicr inaking a noiCe. Otoo, turning to Captain Cu^^lc, faid, " That is the Eatooai" and he feemed to con- fider it as a favourable prognoftic. The eorpfe was then carried a little way, and laid under a tree, near which were fixed three thin pieces of wood neatly carved. The bundles of cloth were placed on a part of the Morai ; and the tufts of red feathers were laid at the feet of the dead l)ody, round which the priefts Rationed themfelvcs ; and we were at this time per- mitted to go as near as v.e pleafed. He, who fecnied to be the thief priclt, fpoke for about a quarter of an hour, w ith different tones and gefturcs ; fomctimes ap- pearing to expoftuiatc with the deceafcd ; at other times, alTiing fcveral quclHons ; then making various demands, as if the dead perfon had power himfelf, or intarcfl with the deity, to engage him to grant fuch rcquclh; among which, he dcfired him to deliver Eimeo, Ma- heinc its chief, the women, hogs, and other things of the illand into their hands ; which was, indeed, the ex- prefs objedt of the facrifice. He then prayed near half an hour, in a whining tone, and two other priefts joined in the prayer, in the courfe of which 9ne of them plucked l<)me more hair from the head of the eorpfe, and put it upon one of the bundles. The high prieft now prayed alone, holding in his hand the fea- thers he had received from Towha. Having finlfticd, he gave them to another prieft, who prayed in like manner : then all the tufts of feathers were placed upon the buncHcsof cloth, which concluded the cere- mony at this place. The dead body was now carried to the naofl con- fpicuous part of the Morai, with the feathers, and the two bundles of cloth, while the drums beat (lowly. The feathers and bundles were laid againft a pile of ftones, and the body at the foot of them. The priefts having again featcd themfclves round the eorpfe, renewed their prayers, while fome of their afliftants dug a hole about the depth of two feet, into which they threw theviiftim, and covered it over with ftones of earth. While they were dcpoficing the body in the grave, a boy fqueaked aloud, upon which Omiah told the captain, it was the Katooa. In the mean time, a fire having been made, we faw a lean half ftarved dog produced, and it was killed by twilling his neck. The hair wa» then ftnged oft", and the entrails being taken out, they were thrown into the fire, and left there to be confumed ; but the kidney, heart, and liver, were baked on heated ftones. Thecarcafe, afterhavingbeen rubbed over with tlie blood of the animal, were w ith the liver, Hcc. laid down before the priefts, who were featcd round the grave, praying. Theys for Ibme time, uttered ejaculations over the dog, while two men, at intervals, beat very loud on two dranu ; and a boy fcreamed, in a loud flirill voice, three times. This, they faid, ^vas to invite the Katooa lo feaft on the banquet that they had provided for him. J When the priefts had finilhed their prayers, the body, heart, liver, &c. of the ik^, were placed on a whatta, or fcaffold, about Cix feet in height, on Which lay the remains of two other dogs, and of two pigs, that had been lately oft'ercd up. The priefts and their atten- daiits now gave a (hout, and this proclaimed the cere- monies ended for the prefcnt. The evening being arrived, we were conducted to a houfe belonging to Potatou, where we were entertained and lodged for the night. Having been informed, that the religioua rites were to be renewed the next day, wc would not quit the place while anv thing remained to be feen. Early in.the morni.igof Tuefday the 2nd, we re- paired to the fcene of adion ; and foon afterwards a pig was facrificed, and laid upon the fame fcaffold with the others. About eight, Otoo took our party to the Morai, where the priefts, and a great multitude of people were by this tunc alFembled. The two bun- dles occupied the place where they had been depofited the preceding evening ; the two drums were m the front of the Morai, and the priefts were ftationed be- yond them. The king placed himfelf between the drums, and delircii the captain to ftand by him. The ceremony commenced with bringing a young plantain tree, and laying it at the king's feet. A prayer waj then repeated by the priefts, liolding in their hands f'veral tufts of red, and a plume of oftrich feathers t which the commodore had prefented to Otoo on hia firft arrival. When the priefts had ended the prayer, they changed their ftation, and placed themfelvcs be- tween our gentlemen and the Morai. One of them, th" fame wmKo had performed the principal part the pi -cding day, began another prayer, which continued near half an hour. During this prayer, the tufts of red feathers were put, one by one, upon the ark of the Eatooa. Not long after, four pigs were produced, one of which was killed immediately, anH tv.- ;;,rce others were taken to a neighbouring fty. One of the bundles was now untied ; and it contained the Maro, w ith which the Otaheiteans inveft their kings. When taken out of the cloth, it was fprcad on the ground, at full length, before the priefts. It is a girdle about i< feet in length, and one foot and a quarter in breadth, and is probably put on in the fame manner as the common Maro, or piece of cloth, ufcd by thefe iflanders to wrap round the waift. It was ornamented with yellow and red feathers ; but principally with the former. One end ofit wasbordea'd with eight pieces, about the fizeand figure of a horfe-ftioe, whole edges were fringed with black feathers : the other end was forked, having the points of various lengths. The feathers were rangra in two rows, in fquare compartments, and produced a pleating cftcft. They had been firft fixed upon fome of the cloth of the ifland, and then fewed to the upper end of the pendant, which Captain Wallis had left fly- ing on the lliorc, the firft time of his arrival at Mativy.. The priefts pronounced a long prayer, relative to this part of the ceremony; and after it was ended, the badge of royalty was folded up with great care, and put into the cloth. The other bundle, which we have already mentioned, under the name of the ark, was next opened at one end ; but we were not permitted to ap- proach near enough to examine its myfterious contents. The' intelligence we obtained refpeding itscontents was, that the Eatooa (or rather, what is fuppofcd to reprefent him) was concealed therein. This facred repoutory it compofed of the twifted fibres of the hulk of the cocoa. nut, and its figure is nearly circular, with one end conii- derably thicker than the other. The pig that had been killed was by this time cleaned, and its entrails takert out. Thefe happened To have many of thoic convulfive motions, which frequently appear, in diflerent parts, when an animal is killed ; and this was confidered as a very fevourable omen to the intended expedition* After having been expofef^ for fome time, the entrails were carried and laid down before the priefts; one of whom clofely infpedtcd them, tarning them for this purpofe gently with a ftick. Having Deenftifncientl/ examined, they were thrown into the fire. Tht facri* flced pig, aad its liver, heart, See. were now put upon th« COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOVAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 489 the fcaffold where the dog had been dcpofitcd ; and then all the feathers, except the oftnth plunk, bc- irtg enclofed in the ark, an end was put to the whole ibiemnity. . , r l , r We (hall clofe this account with a few other obfcr- vations we made in the courfc of this morning. Four double canoes remained upon the beach the u hole timf, bcforethe placeof facrifice. A finall platform, covered with palm leaves, fattened in myfterious knots, was fixed on the fore part of each of thofc canoes ; and this alfo is called a Morai. Some plantains, cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, fi(h, and other articles, lay upon each of thofe naval morais. The natives faid, that they be- longed to the Eatooa, and that they were toattcnd the fleet that wai to be fent out againft Einico. I'hc un- fortunate vidlim offered on this occafion, u as to aiipcftr- ance, a middle aged man, and one of the lo weft tlafs of the people; but it did not appear that they had fixed upon him on account of his having committed rfny particular:crimc that deferved death. It is cer- tain, however, that they ufually feledl; fuch guilty iwr- fons for facrifices, or clfc vagabonds, who have no viii- blc way of procuring an honed livelihood. Having examined the body cf the unhappy fuffcrer, now offered up to the objed of ihefe people's adoration, we i)b- ferved, that it was bloody about the head, and much bruifed upon the right temple, which denoted the manner in which he had been killed; and wc were informed, that he had been knocked on the head with a ftone. The wretches who arc devoted on theft- oc- cafions, arc never previoufly apprized of their fate. Whenever any one of the principal chiefs conceives a hunran facrifice neceffary, on any great emergency, he fixes upon the vidtim, and then difpatchcs feme of his trufty fervants, who fell upon him fuddenly, and either flone him to death, or beat out his brains with a club. The king is then acquainted with it, whofc prefence is faid to be abfolutely neceffary at the folemn rites that follow i and, indeed, in the late performance, Otoo bore a capital part. The folemnity itfcif is called Poore Eree, or the prayer of the chief: and the vidim is tiimetl Taata-taboo, or confecrated man. The Morai, where the late facrifice was offered, is always appro- priated for the burial of the king of the whole ifland, and likewifc of his family, and Tome other perfons of dillinguiihed rank. It differs little except in ex- tent, Kom the common Morais. Its principal part is ai large oblong pile of Hones, about thi t teen feet in neigh t, and contradled towards the top, with a quadrangular area on each fide, loofcly paved with pebbles, under which the bones of the chiefs are dcpohted. Not far froin the end neareft the fca, is the place of facrifice, where is a very large whatta, or fcaffold, on which the offerings of fruits, and other vegetables arc placed; but the animals are laid on a fmallcr one, and the human facrifices are interred under the pavement. We faw (everal reliques fcattered about the place; fuch as finall Hones raifed in various parts of the pavement, fomc with bitt of cloth tiiftened round them ; others entirely covered with it; and upon the fide of the large pile, fronting the area, are a great number of pieces ofcarved wood, in which their gods are fuppofed to refide occa- iionally. There is a heap of (lones, at one end of the large fcaffold, with a fort of platform on one fide. On this are depofited all the Ikulls of the human facrifices, which arc taken up after they have remained under Sound for fome months, Juft above them many of e carved pieces of wood are placed ; and here the Maro, and the other bundle, fuppofed to contain the god Ooro, were laid, during the celebration of the late iblemn rites. It is probable, that this barbarous cuf- torn of offering human facrifkes, prevails in all, or moftof the iflandsof the Pacific Ocean, however dif- tant from each other fome of thenrt may be. And though we (ho«Id fiippofc, that not more than one per- son is offered at one time, cither at OtaHcite, or other iflands, yet thefe occafions, wc are inclined to think, oc«ur fo frequently, as to make a terrible haVock of tlie human fpecics; Ibrthe Captain counted no lefs rhan - '" No. 60.- - • ■ • • 49 fkulls of former vidini."!, lying before the Moral, at Attahooioo i and as none of thofc fkulls appeared to have fufl'ered any conliderablc change, or decay, from the weather, it may be inferred, that a fliort time had clapfed fincc the victims to whom they belonged had been offered. This horrid pradice, though no confi- dcration whatever can make it ccafc to be dctcHablc, might, perhaps, be thought lefs detrimental, in fomc refpeds, if it contributed to imprefs any awe for the deity, or veneration for religion, upon the iiiin.!s of the congregation :, but this was far from being the 1 afo on the lateoccalion; for though a vaft number of fi)ci:- tators had affcmblcd at the Morai, they ihcwcJ very little reverence for what was tranfading: and Omiah happening to arrive, after the ccicmoivc-i had begun, many of the iflanders thronged rin;::d him, and were engaged, for the remaining part of the time, in making him recount fonie of his adven- tures; to which they liflcncd with great eager n;'"! of attention, regardlcfs of the folemn offices which t.b;-ir pricfls were then performing. Indeed, the pricnj themfclves, except the one who fuftained the principal part, either from their being familiari/ed to fuch ob- jeds, or from thi ir repofing no great degree of r oiifi- dence in the efficacy of their religious inftitiitioii-, maintained very little of that folemnity, fo nccdUirv to give to ads of devotion their proper effcd. 'I'hciv habit was but an ordinary one; they converfed together with great familiarity ; and the only attempt they made to prefcrve decorum, was by exerting their authority, to prevent the populace from encroaching on the fpot, and to fuffer our gentlemen, as llrangcrs, to come forward. They were, however, very candid in the anf«crs which they gave to any interrogatories that were put to them, with regard to this human inrtitution. Being aflced, what wasthedefign of it.> They replied, that it was an ancient cuftom, and highly pleadng to their god, who came and fed upon the facrifices; in confequcnceof which, he granted the petitions of their prayers. It was then objcdcii, that he certainly did not feed on thefe, as he was neither fcen to do it, nor were the bodies of the facrificcd animals foon confumed ; and that as to the corpfe of a human victim, they prevented his feedin>» on that, by interring it. In anfwcr to thefe objedion", which in our opinion were rather frivolous ones, they obfcrved, that he came in the night, invilibiv, and fed only on the foul, or immaterial part, which (as thefe people fay) remains about the place of facrifice, till the carcafeof the vidim is totally waded by putrefadion. Human facrifices are not the only Orange cuftoms rlv.it (fill prevail among the inhabitants of Otaheite, though, in many refpeds, they have emerged from the hrut.d manners of favagc IiK-. Bcfidcs cutting out the j.w bones of their enemies (lain in battle, which they carry about with them as trophies, they, in fome meafurc, offer up their bodies to the Eatooa: for after an en'. gagement, in which they have come off victorious, they colled all the dead, and bring them to the Morai, where with great form and ceremony, they dig a large hole, and bury them all in it, as fo many offerings to their divinities. They treat in a different manner their own chiefs that fall in battle. Their late king, Tootaha, Tubourai-tamaidc, and another chief, who were (lam in an engacement with thofe of Tiaraboo, were brought to the Morai at Attahooroo; at which place the priefts cut out their bowels before the great altar; and their dead bodies were afterwards interred in three different places, near the great pile of ftones abovementioned ; and the common men who loft their lives in the battle, were all buried in one hole, at the foot of the fame pile. This was performed the day after the battle, with much pomp and formality, amidfl a nu- merous concourfe of people, as a thankfgiving offering to the deity, for the vidory they had obtained the pre- ccdmg day. The vanquifhed, in the mean time, had taken refuge in the mountains, where they remnim-d upwards of a week, till the fury of the vidors bcii;an to abate, A treaty was then fet on foot, by which "it was agreed, that Otod ihould be proclainietl king of the - ■ ' - who'll 1! i >i 'i 6 H 490 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. whole iHand; and the folcmnity of invefting him with the Maro, or badge of royalty, was performed at the fame Moiiti, with great magnificence. A gentleman on board the Difcovery, to whdfe jour- nal, m the narrative of this voyage, we have had fre- quently rccourfe to, in his remarks on the manners and cuftoms of the inhabitants of Otaheite, makes the fol- lowing obfcrvations. The journalift, as he fays, was at- tentive only to two fadls, one of which, hi found reafon to believe, had been mifrcprefentcd. and the other un- fairly related. The firft relpeifts the fociety of the Ar- reoys.compofed, as it was (aid, of a certain number of men and women, alTbciated in Icwdncfsj and fo aban" doned to ail fcnfc of humanity^ as to dcltroy the ilTue of their libidinous intercourfc; than which nothing could be more injurious to the charaders of any peo- ple, than this diabolical pradlice afcribed to this focictyi There are in this, and the adjoining iflands, perfons of a middle rank between the Manahounas, or the Yeo- men, and the Earecs, who having no concern in the government, nor any diftinifl property in the iflands, aflbciate together for their own amufement, and the entertainment of the public. Thefe travel from place to place, and from iiland to ifland in companies, not unlike thofe of the (Irolling players in England, only that they perform without pay ; but that they cohabit indifcriminately, one with another. To many men with fu many women in common,, is no otherwife true, than may be fufpedcd aniong the itinerant companies juft mentioned; nor art they under any other redraints from marrying, than that the fociet/*admits of no mar- riages among thcmfelves, nor of any married people to be of their fociety, it being a rule with them never to be encumbered with children ; if therefore it (hould happen, that iflue fliould prove to be the confequence of a cafual amour, there is no alternative, the mother muft either quit the fociety, or fome how or other dif- pofe of the child, which fome of them do there, at , many unfortunate girls do hen, bv fecretly makiiw away with them, to avoid infamy, it txins equally diu graceful there to be found with child, while membera of the fociety of Arreoys, as it is for women here to^ be found without- hiifbands. Oedidee, who made the voyage to the fouthward with Captain Cook, in his for. mer expedition todifcover a fouthem continent, came to pav hit refpeds to his patron and friend. He brought with nim a wife whom he had lately married, which difcredits the notion that was adopted by former voy- agers, that thofe who beloQmd to the fociety of Arreoya were fworn to celibacy. Either this man mufi have been an inipoftor, or the &&. juft mentioned cannot be truCi Hie Cither tiift, which the writer took pain* to de. termlne, was, whether the beaftly cuftom imputed to them, of gratifying their paflwns without regard to perfons orjplaces, was well Founded!* And he foiemnly declares, that the grofleft indecencies he ever faw prac tifed while ontheiiland, wereby thelicentiourno&bf our own people, who, without regard to chancer, made no fcruple to attempt openly and by force, what they were unaSle to effed with the fiee volunury confimt of the objedbof their defiret for which feveial of them were fcverely punilhed. To aflert, thoefore. that not the lead trace of fhame is to be found among thefe people, in doing that openly, which all other people are natu- rally induced tohiae, is an injurious calumny, not war- ranted by cuftom, nor fupported by the ^neral prac- tice, even of the lowcfl clafs of individuals among them. This people, concludes our journalift, have one cuftom in common with the Neapolitans and Maltefe, which ought not to be forgotten, and that is, their fifh- ing in the night, and repoling diemfelves in the day : like them too, they burn torches while they iifh, which they make of the oil drawn from the cocoa-nut. 1 ; ■|U{ m> m ^ tKd n- 1 1 r, CHAP. VIII. fbe parly at the condujion of the Solemnilj at iht Mirai, re-tmbarhed for Maltroai-^Conference with Totoba refpe/ting the human Sacrifice -Private Hervas among the Natives — A treat given iy Oetlidee, and amlberSy Omiab—ExbiMioH of Firc-ivorh — A prefcnl of Cloth made in an unufital Manner — A method »f embalming the dead Body of a Chief— A fecond human Sacrifice — 77v two Captains entertain the Natives by riding in Horfe-'batk— Attention rf Otoot to pre- vent Thefts Animals givai him by Captain Cook — Audience Is the Deputies of a Cbief—Amoclt Fi^t exbiUted by tw tVar-canot's — NtH'al flren^lh of the Society Iflands — Manner of conducing a IVar — 'The day for the two Ships failing fiycj Peace made "with Eimeo — Debates in confequence of ibis — Otoo's condu3 cenfUred—A fUenoUty on the oceqficM'— Obfervalims Otoo's policy — Chniab receives dprefenl of a war canoe — Otoo's prefent andmtffage to the King of Great Bri^ tain— An Account of the modes of traffic, and the friendly Treatment we received at Otabeite^More particulars re- fpefling the expedition of the Spaniards — Their endeavours to inculcate a mean opinion of the Englifflh—Omiab'tjealMfy (f oiiotherTraveUer—Thc Refolution and Difcwery depart from Otabeite, and anchor it Taloointbe Ifland of Eimeo— Two Harbours, Ttloo, and Parvwroab defcribed—f^ifit from Maheine, and a Defcription of bis Perfon^PreparatitHS madt for failing— Detained by having a Goatftolen — Another purloined, andfecreted-^Meafures taken,andan expedition crofs the Ijlandto recover it — H>ufes and Canoes bumt—Cbntinuation of Hoftilities threatened— fbe Goat rtftored—A defcrip. tion of the Ifland of Eimeo— The two Ships fet Sail, and arrive at mabeine — An cSn^lyifftbeOj^s-t-Omiab's Efta- ili/hment in thit ijland agreed to unanimoufly—In confequence of this a Houfe is built fir bim, andfltps taken to enfnrt bis f^ffty jl jh/tf punifbed with uncommon Severity — Aninali left with Omiab—His H^eapons— Entertainments— Lt-^ fcription on his Uoufe— Behaviour tti parting— Renurks en bis U)ara{ler and general CmduH— Obfcrvations on the turn New Zealanders uhoremainedwithbim— The two Ships proceed to Ulieleor-^ A D^erterbekming to the Marines re- covered—Intelligence from Omiab^Inftruaions to Captain Clerke—Two of the Mariners defert—Tbe Chiefs Sen, Daurbter and her Hujband, confined on board the Difcovery— A eonfpiranfmned by the Natives again/I the two Captains —The Deferters rectmered, and the Chief sfami(j fet at Lberty—Tbe RefUutiouandDifcTvery prepare for their Depar- turefrom Ulietea, ON Tuefday, the 2nd of September, we re-em- barked, in order to return to Matavai, revolving inour minds the extraordinary fcentfat the moral, as leUtcd in the preceding chapter, and lo which we had been eye-witnefles. In the way, we paid « vifit «> Towha, who had continued in the little ifland, where we met him the day before. Some converfation paflTed between him and Otoo; and the latter entreated Cap- tain Cook, once more, to join them as an ally in their war againft Eimeo. % his pofitive rcfofal he
    remctfiyt but, at the clofe of the extraordinary fcene* freely exprcfledour fentimentton die rubjcA to Otoo, and nia utandanut eonfequently, Captam Cook did not conceal hii deteftation of it, in this converfatioa with Towha. Exdufive of the barfawity of the Uoodjr cuftom, he ar^gei the unreafonaUenefsof it, alledging, that fuqh a facrific^ inftead of making the Eatooa pro- pitiou* to their nation, viouki excite hii wngeancci and that. do there, as ctljr nukiiw equally diu le memben 1 hue to, be 3 made the i, in his for- inent, came He brought Tied, which former voy- y of Arreoys n muh. have m1 cannot be pains to de> imputed to Jt regard to he foiemnly rer faw pnic« Mirnefii'ofour ler, made no ^at they were snfent of the >f them were that not the thefe people, lie are natu- [iny,not war- rcneral prac- duals among ilift, have one and Maltefc, : is, their fifli- > in the day : :y ii(h, which M-nut. niAa refpefUn^ ah — ExmbitiM yof a Qritf— f Oiooo to prt" Mhltdfy tw vo Sbipt failing tbeoeetifim— tg of Great Bri' particulars rC" \iab'ijtaloufy of f Eimeo—Tv» tforalioHS made expet^tim trofs ea—A dejcrip^ i-Qmiab'i Efia^ xHtoen/ur* bis •taittments-^In-^ tions OH the fat be Marines re- be Chiefs Setr, the two Captains for their Depart larly. If it an- 1 we enteruined iigtous adb and I country? We, f thehivridce- kordinary fcene, rubica toOtoo. pqun Cook did lis converfatioa ity of the bloody of it, alledging, the Eatooa pn>- I vengeance I ani that. »df «*-.„ ^'^trifv ■ r i 1 . ^'w_ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ f •mm' V- *'■. • H 1 ' '■'' ^^^^^^K. W^SjlMLasefal. ,/''''' w ;' jt !„/>•* ^^^-AIW.','^^' .--^ 1 VfT' ^^■i^^v'v^^;***?*^^ 'JiMi'^"^!,^ •■/", ^»^A ^ -^"■djivM..' y.i ^^^r 3/ T^ I* '" . ^ 1 # ■ t be g f*^ p^ s^ « COOK'8 THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 49V 1 that, from thii very circumftance, he concluded, their intended expedition agdinfl Maheinc would be unfuc- ccftful. Thia waa proceeding to great lengths upon oufe i in the midd of whom were two women, and ark old man behind tach of them, beating gently on a drum, and the women, at intervals, finging with great foftnefs and delicac^^ The aflcmbly were very attentive, and feemcd, iis it were, abforbed in the pleafure the mufic gaVe themj few of them taking any notice of us, and the perfbrm- ers never once ceafcd. When we arrived at Otoo's houfe it was almofl dark. Here we were fcntertained with one of their public heevas, or plays, in which his three fifters reprefcnted principal characters. This they call a hceva raa, and no pcrfon is fufibrcd to enter the houfe, or area, where it is exhibited. This is al- ways the cafe, when the royal fiftets are performers. There is a famencfs in their drama, that admits of lit- tle or no variation, as, perhaps, to foreigherii who are unacquainted with the langua^ and manners of a country, there r^ay appear to be m every ftage exhibi- tion, wherever perfortncd. Be that as ir may, we now beheld a more numerous and brilliant company of per- formers aflbmblcd for our entertainment, than we had ever feen on any ftage in the tropical iflands before. On this occafion, the dreflfes were entirely new, and by ftr more elegant and pidturcfquc than formerly; the number of dancers were increafed ; and tivy acquitted diemfelves in a very diftinguifhed manner. Ten youne ladies compofed the firft group, with their heads molt magnificently ornamented with beads, red feathers, iheUs of the nnoll beautiful colours, and wreathed with flowers in fo elegant a ftylt, as hardly to be excelled. A party of warriors were next introduced, dreflcd in thur war habits, confiding, as has already been ob- fervcd, of different coloured oloth, of their own manu. fedure, icringenioufly fafliioned, and blended together with (b much art, as, with the helmits that cover their heads, to fill the ftage with men, of whofe majeftic figure it is not eafy to conceive an idea. Thefc were anhed with (jpears, lances, and clubs : and exhibited all the forms of^ attack and defence, which are pradifed in real adVion. The principal performers were the king's brother, his three fifters, and we' may add, a chief of It gigantic ftaturc, who difplayed fuch fur- prizing grimace and diftortions of face and counte. nance, by way of provocation and challenge, as were not only (aughable in fonne attitudes, but terrible in others. After thcfe difappeared, the players came forward, and performed a more ferious piece than we had yet feen, at which the natives £k graver and more ConqMfcd than ufuai; thourii fome comic interludes, wherein four men were jierformcrs, feemed to alToid I greater entertainment to the numerous audience. I'he ! whole concluded with a dance of ten boys, dreflcd, iit every refped like the girls in thie firft fcene, with their hair flowing in rin^leu down their fhouldcrs, and thcif heads ornamented m a very besuitiful ftylc. The next morning being the 3d, we proceeded to Mauvai, leaving Otoo at Oparree j but his mother, fiflers, in ftiort all the royal family, and many women, attended us on board, and Otoo ibilowid a Chart time after. During our abfence from the (hips, the fupply of fruit had been fcanty, nor had they inany yifitors; but after our return we had plenty both of company and provifions. On the 4tn a party of ui, among whom was Otoo, dined adiorc with Omiah, who had provided excellent fare, confifting of iifti, fowls, pork,' and puddings. Dinner being over, the Captain ac- com|Mnied Otoo to his houfe, where he found all his fervants very bufy in getting a quantity of provilions ready. Among other articles was a large hog, which they killed in his prefence. There was alfo a large (luqding, the whole procefs of which the Captain fa,w. t was compofed of bread fruit, plantains, taro, and pandanus nuts, each rafped, fcrapcd, or beat up very nne, and baked by itfelf. A quantity of the juice of cocoa>nut-kcrncls was put into a large tray, or wooden veflcl ; in which the other articles from the oven were put. together with fome hot ftones, in order to make the contents finimer. Three or four pcrfons were em- ployed in ftirring up the feveral ingredients, till they were pcrfcdiy incorporated, and the mice of the cocoa- nut was turned toow; and, atlaft, the whole mnb was nearly of the confiftency of a hafty pudding. Sqme of thefc puddings are excellent, and few that we make in England equal them. This being made, and the hog bakdd, they, together with two living hogs, fomo bread-fruit, and cocoa-nuts, were feht on n>ara the Re^ folution, followed by Otoo, ana all the royal family.' Friday the 5th, in the.evening, a young ram of the cape breed, and carefully brought up on board our fhip; was killed by a doe; an accident the more regretted, by its being the onl^r one we had of that kind, and one only of the Englifh breed was now remaining. On the 7 th, at the clofe of day, we exhibited fome fire- works, before a vaft concourfe of people, matny of whom were highly entertained, but the greater number were much terrified with the exhibition; infohiuch, that they could hardlv be prevailed on to keep toother, to the conclufion of the entertainment. A tslble rocket was thelaft. It flew oiF the table, and difpcrfed the whol: crowd in an inftant ; even the itioft refblute of them flew with the utmoft precipiration. On Nlonday, the 8th, a party of us dined with Oedidee, who maae the trip. t6 the fouthward with .aptain Cook, in his former voyage. Our tablr ..as furnifhcd plentifully with fiftiof divers forts, and pork. Th6 ht'gt which weighed about thirty pounds, was alive, dreifca, arid oii the table, within the hour. Soon after we had dined, Otoo came to us, and afked the Captain, if his belly was full? who anfwered in the affirmative. "Thcrt come along with me," faid Otoo. The Captain at- tended him to his father's, where he faw feveral people emplmred in drefling twogirls, with fine cloth, after a very fingular fiifhion. 'There were feveral pieces, one end of each was held over the heads of the girls, while the remainder was wrapped round their bodies under the arm-pits. The upper ends were then let fall, and hui^ in folds to the ground, over the other, fo as to bear fome refemblance to a circular hoop-pet- ticoat: laftly. round the outlide of all, were wrapped feveral pieces of cloth, of various colours, which con. fiderably increafed thefize; itbeiiu five or fix yards in circuit; and the weight of this lingular attire was as much as the poor gins could well fupport "To each w^ hung two uamees, or bieaft-pUtes, in order to. embellifh the whole, and give it a pidhirefque appear- ance. Thus equipped, they were taken on board, to. gether with feveral ht^gt, and a quantity of fruit, the whole beinga prefenttoour Comnoonder from Otoo's fiither. Thofe who are drefi*ed in this manner, are called alee; but, this ceremony is never performed, except Hi t .. i rf ! i| i; III 49» Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. I J. it m 11: ':-H If : except where large prefcnts of cloth arc to be made. We never faw it praiflifcd upon any other occafion t but, both Capuin Cook and Captain Clarke had cloth prcfented them afterwards wrapped round the bearers in the fame manner. On the ^th, we received a pre- lent of five hogs, and fome fruit, from Otooi and one hog, and fome fruit from each of his fleers. Other provifions were alfo in abundance i and great quantj. ties of mackarel having been caught by the natives, for two or three days fucccinvcly, fome of them were fold at the tents, ana in the (hips ( indeed, Ocoo was equally attentive, to fupply our wants, and contribute to our amufement. On the lOth he treated a party of us at Oparree withaplav; in which his three ufters were again performers, having each of them new and very elegant drefles. This day Captain Cook went to fee an cnnbalmed corpfe, near the refldencc of Otoo. On en- quiry, it was found to be the remains of Tee, a chief well known to him, when he lall vifitcd this idand. It was lying in an elegant toopapaoo, in all refpeds fimilar to that at Oheitepcha, in which the remains of Wa> lieiadooa are depoflted. We found the body was un- der cover, withm the toopapaoo, and wrapped up in cloth. At the Captain's defire, the perfon who had the care of1t, brought it out, and placed it on a kind of bier, fo as to allow a jperfcdl view of it. The corpfe having been thus exhibited, he ornamented the place with mats and cloths, difbofcd in fuch a manner as to produce a pleaflng effca. The bodv was entire in every part i putreisuflion feenmd hardly to be begun : and not the lead difagrecablc fmell proceeded from it; though this is one of the hotted climates, and Tee had been dead above four months. There was, indeed, a flirinkinc of the mufcular parts and eyes, but the hair and nails were in their original date, and the fevcral Joints were pliable. On enquiry into the method of thus prcferving their dead bodies, we were informed, thatfoon after[they are dead, they are difcmbowelled, by drawing out the intedines, and other vifcera; afr:r which the whole cavity ii» duffed with cloth; that, when any moidUre appeared, it was immediately dried up, and the bodies rubbed all over with perfumed cocoa-nut oil, which, frequently repeated, preferyed them feveral months ; after which they moulder iway gradually. Omiah told us, that the bodies of all their great men, who die a natural death, are thus prcferved,and expofed to public view a confiderable time after. At fird, they are exhi- bited every fine day, afterwards the intervals become ereater,andatladthcyarefeldomtobe feen. In thccven- ingwe took leave of Otoo, and departed from Oparree. On Friday the 1 2th, all the royal frmily, except the king himfelf, honoured us with a v'lfit. The chief, they faid, was gone to Attahooroo, to adid at another hiiinan facrificc, fent from Tiaraboo, to be odered up at the Moral, This fecond indance, within fo diort a period, was a melancholy proof, that the vidims of this ploody fu{)erdition are very numerous among this hu- mane people. The Captain would have been prefent at this facrificc alfo, had he been earlier informed of it, but now i: was lOo late. For the fame reafon, he mifled being at a public tranfadlion, the preceding day, when the king, with great folemnity, redored to the adherents of the late king Tootaha, the lands and pof- fefllons, of which, after his death, they had been dc- E rived. On the 1 3th Otoo returned from exercifing is royal duties; and on the 14th, we were honoured with his company, when the two Captains, for the fird timc,mounU'd on horfcback, and rode round the plain of Matavai, to the adonifliment of a vad train of fpec- tators, who gazed upon them with as much furprife as i^ they had been centaurs, fioth the horfe and mare were in good cafe, and looked extremely well. What the Captains had began was repeated daily, by one or other of our people J and yet the curiofity of the na- tives continued unabated. After they had feen and un- derdood the life of thefc noble animals, they were ex- ceedingly delighted with them ; atid we were of opi- nion', that they conveyed to them a better idea of the greatnefs of other nations, than all the novelties that had hitherto been carried among them. On the 15 th, 2 Etarv, orOlla, tb'-goilof Bolabola, removed from our neighbourhood to Oparree, attended by fevcral failing canoes. It was faid, Otoo did not approve of his be- ing fo near our dation, where his people could conve- niently invade our property. Otoo, we acknowledge, took every prudent method to prevent thefts and r^- beries, and it was owing princinally to his regulations that fo few were committed. He had crededa fmall houfe or two behind our pod, and two others near our tents, between the river and the fea. Some of his people kept watch continually at all thofe places ; and as his father redded ufually on Matavai Point, we were, in a manner, furrounded by them. They not only de- fended us in the night from thieves, but they had an opportunity of oblcrving every thing that palTed in the day, and were ready to receive contributions from fuch girls, as were privately conneded with our people, which was ufually done e»ery momingi fo that the mcafures he had taken to fccure our mcty, anfwered the more efTential purpofe of enlarging his own prodts. Otoo acquainted Captain Cook, that nis prefence was required at Oparree, wherean audience waste be given to the great pcrfonagc from Bolabola, and ('efired hii company thither. The Captain confented rcailily, ex- pecting to meet with fomething deferving of notice. Accordingly, Tuefday the 1 6th, our party, among whom was Mr. Anderfon, fet out. Nothing; however, occurred, that was intereding or curious. Erary and his followers prefented fome coarfe cloth, and hogs, to Otoo. with a fet fpeech. After this, a confultation was held between them and fome other chiefs, about their expedition to Eimeo. Etary, at fird, difapproved of it ; but his objcdlions were, at length, over-ruled. U ap- peared, indeed, the next day, it was too late to deliberate on this bufincfs; for Towha, Potatou, and another chief, had already gone on the expedition, with the dcct of Attahooroo; and, in the evening, a meiTenger arrived with intelligence, that they had reached EimeO; that there had Men fome fltirmidies ;' but that the lofs, or advantage, on either fide, had been very incondderable. On the 1 8th^ in the morning, Captain Cook, Mr. An- derfon, and Omiah, went again to Oparree, accompa- nied by Otoo, taking with them the fheep which the Captain intended to leave upon the ifland. Thefc were an Englifh ram and ewe, and three Cape ewes, all which the Captain made a prefent of to Otoo. Ea£h of the three cows had taken the bull ; he therefore thought ic advifeable to divide them, and carry one part toUTietea. With this view he ordered them to be brought before him, and propofed to Etary, that if he would leave his Spanidi bull with Otoo, he diould have o{ir Efiglidi bull and one of ' he cows. To this propofd Etary, at fird, darted fome objediom; but, at lad, agreed to it. However, as the cattle were putting into the boat, one of Etary's followers oppdfed the making any ex- change whatever. Upon tnis, and the Captain fufpecl;- ing, that Etary had agtced to the arrangement, for the prefent, only to pleafe him, he droppea the idea of an exchange ; and determined dnally to leave them all with Otoo; whom he dtidly enjoined not to fufTer them to be removed from Oparree, till he dioiild have got a dock of young ones j which he might then dif* pofe of to his friends, or fend to the neighbouring idands. This matter being fettled, our gentlemen left Etary, and attended Oroo to another place, not far dif- tant, where they found the fervants of a chief, waiting with a hog, a pig, and a dog, a prefent from their maU ter to the king. Thcfe were delivered^ with tte ufual ceremonies, and an harargue, in which the fpeaker en- quired ader the health of Otoo, and of all his principal people. This compliment was re-echoed in the name of Otoo, by one of hisminiders; and then- the difpute with Eimeo was formally difcufled. The deputies of the chief were advocates for profecuting the war with vigour, adviling Otoo to offer a human iacrifiee on the occafion. Another chief, who condantlyattcnding th(i perfon of Otoo, took the other lide of the quediontiind fupported his opinion agaiirft a -war, with great drength of argument. Otoo received a pealed iiieftiigcs from Town^, urging him to hadcn to his alTillancc'; and the Captain n- ! lovcd from our feveral failing rove of his be- e could convc. ; acknowledge, hefu and rob. hit regulations en£tta a fmali Dthcn near our Some of his )fe places ; and Point, we were, cy not only de- It they had an that paflcd in ributions from 'ith our people, igt fo that the ifety, anfwcred !iis own profits. s prcfcncc was vas to be given md (lefired his cd readily, ex-* ig of notic!c. r party, among :hing; however, js. £tary and I, and hogs, to snfultation was :fs, about their difapproved of cr~ruled. h ap< ite to deliberate i another chief, ith the fleet of flenger arrived d EimeOi that lat the lots, or inconfidcrablc. rook, Mr. An- ree, accompa- rep which the d. Thefc were ewes, all which Eaehof the forethought ic part to Uiietea. brought before would leave his ve our Englifli >ropofal Etary, laft, agreed to ; into the boat, flaking any ex- Captain fufpecl- jcmcnt, for the the idea of an leave thetn all I not to fuifer he (hotild Have might then Mif- z neighbouring rgcntTcmcnlere ace, not far dtf> 1 chief, waiting from their mai- with tlw ufual the fpeaker en- ill his principal rd in the name hen- the difpute rhe deputies of Ig the war with kicrificc on the ly attending thd ic quciliontimd :h great flrcngth iiiclliigcs from itluncc-j and the Captain Si!' it 11 1 o •5 8 V: H , tr nf-t'l i. '■ ^A III! i \m r,^ \ .> ^ r,-' .^ COOK'i THIKD «f.(J I.ASi V'OyA'.l.-Ii. il.c I'ACinc OCEAN, fici 493 u; y > V .> ^ .$ ^^ %■* w .^ C;ipiain mu* now aringly Tupplied with fruit, at wc had been the tlay Utdrc. Oioo l)eing informed of thii, he, and hit brother, who had |>arti- rulariy attached himfcif toCiuuain C'Irrkr, tanlc from Oparree, with a large fupply lor both lliip*. Next «lav, the 20th, all the royal family came with pirfcnt*, fu that now we had more provilioni than wc loiiUl eonfunie. Our water and wixxl h.ivin)^ liecii aln-.idy taken on hoani, nothing rniMinrd hut to Orike the tcntk, and brmg utF the minus liclonKJng to the olKu ei » and men who were Ibtioneclon Ihorei and thr (', tould they have been permitted) but our Commander w.is equally averfe to the taking any of the naJves away, an to the leaving any of our own people behind. He wn.s fcnfiblc, that vi hen once cloyctl with enjoyment, they would reciprocally pine for home, to whieh it would not be in their power to return 1 and that for a little prcTcnt gratification, rhey would rif^iuc the hup|>iiicfs of the remaining part of their lives. The king, when he found he could not obtain his wilhes in this rcfpc<5>, applied to Captain Cook for another favour, wnich was, to allow our carpenters to make him a chclt, or prefi. to fecurc the treaf^jrcs he had accumulutcd in prelcnts : he even begged , that a bed might be placed in it, where he intended to (leeo. This rcqueil the Captain readily granted ; and w liile the workmen were employed, in making this uncommon piece of furni- ture, they were plentifully fupplied with barbicued hogs, and fucn dainties as the country afforded, and were fo carefully attended and protcded, that they tlid not lofc fo much as a Angle nail. It was fomc of thefe work- men that Otoo was fo dcfirous to retain i but they were of too much conrc«(uence on board to be parted with, had there been no other motive forbringing them away; nor was Otoo much concerned about the departure of the refl. While he was conflant in attending the opc- ratioiu of our carpenters, Omiah had frequent confer* cnccs with him, on the fubied of his travels. He aflo- nifhcd him more by the relation he gave of the magni- ficence of the Moraia in Pretanne, than by all the u on- drn with which he had before furprized him. When he told him thaf the king's moral wasopcn to all coiners, and that the perfons of^the dcceafed Kings were to be feen u pcrfed to appearance as when in the vigour of youth, ne feemcdto lament, that his date of exigence waa to be limited with his life ; and that his remains were to perilh, while hiy Moral prefcrved no memorial, that he nad ever had a being. Omiah endeavoured to imprefa him with an idea of the magnificence of the tombs of the dead that were to be feen in the morals of Preunne; but having nothing to compare them to, he waa unable to make himfelf fufticiently undernood; nor waa he more fuccefsful in defcribing th: folenin grandeur of the place* of public worfhip, where the people aflembled every feventh day, and at other ftated timet, to oflfer up their prayen to the good fpirit. Of the fplendor of the theatres he could fpcak more in- telligibly. When Omiah told Otoo of the magnitude of the palaces, and houfet, in Pretanncj of their de- corations and furniture; of the extent of their pianta- No. 60. tutl\^• jnd the ituilritude of livinj; anitn.ili «iili «i uh the) were (lockeil 1 he lillcned to him with \h< iiliar .it- trntion, as not doubting the truth of hi> r«lanoh, but when he attemitteil todefcrihethe roads, ami the rspi- dity With which people travel in i arnagci drawn by four footed animals, he feemed all amazemmr; no child coukl ever expref* greater furprizc at (Jullivrr'n ira>el- ling to the moon onganzai, thanOoo, when Omiah a(. furetl him, they couKI traVerfe an cxtrtir of ground equal to the whole length of the ifland of < '.ihntr. In a llngic day. On Sunday the JiO, (Voo came on hoanl. t.. inform us, that thcwarcancKiiof Miravai, and df three other iMtWU, were gomg to join thofel)clonging to ()[)arrre, and that part «)t the idand, where there would be a |'c- neral review. The fquatight was concluded, Oiniah»JhoiHevor ^ii|guUir and 4ic(w. This dsy aoticc had beeaci%mi^oOtoo ef our intentions to Isul with the firftfair wind ; in confcquence of which on the 23 nd, in the morning, he came on board, delirw^ to i(now when wc propofedKto depart, and, at the (ame timcicx- prclTcd great concern at our fuddcn rcfelutioo. He Drought with hyn hogs, fruit, autd other valuable uro- du<3ioxM jof nned Otoo and his party, that he would vifit that Hiand in his paflagc to Huaheiae; and (hey propofed now to accompany him, and that their fleet (hould fai^ ft the fame time, to reinforce Ti»m ha. Being neady to take our dqiarture, the Captain fubmittcd to them the appointiTvcnt of the day. The W«diiicfiJay followirig Vii /uted.upon, when he was to receiv£ An hoiird Otoo, his fatbcff mother, and the whole family. Thefc poinu fettled. C^>tai9 Cooknropo(cd fcttingout immeoiatey for Opvnee, where aU me fleet »'»» to altbmble this day, in order to be reviewed. But as he was getting into his boat, news arrived, that a treaty had been con.- eluded between Towha and Maheinc, and that Touha's fleet had returned to Attahoonoo, From this uqey, ped^ event, thr war canoes, infteadof rendezvoufit^ 9t Qpairec, wece ordered to their rcfpcAivc diflrids. Captain Cook, .however, followed Otoo to Oparrcc, accompanied .fay Mr. King and Omiab^ 6oon after their arrival, a mcflcnger from Eimeo made known the conditions of the peace, or rather truce, it being only for a limited tinte. The terms being difajjvantsgcous to Otaheitt;, Otoo was cenfured fevercly, who((: delay. i| was &id> in fending reinforcements, had obliged Towha to &bnut to a difgraceful accommodation. It Wis, at the lame time, ovrently reported, that Towha, refcnting (he treatment he had received, had declared, that immediately after our departure, he »«uld join his forces to thofe of Tiaraboo, and «tuck Otoo. Thif called upon the Captain to declare, that he was deter.- mined to cfpoufe the intereft of his friend ; and that whoever prefumed to attack him, by any combination ^f parties, (hould experience the weight of hit difplca.- ^ lure, when he returned ro that iflanu- Thi« declara^ ' tion, 'pmbably, ha.d the dcfircd el&<^{ for^ if Towha did cnteruin ary dch hodik ifltention at firft, we heard no more of the report. Whappai, the father of Otoo, highly difapproved ,of the peace* and cpnfured Towha for concludii^ it. This old chief wifely., confidered, that Captain Cook's going with them to hinw), mifht have been of fingukar fervice to their caule, thmuh he iQioijId not take an adlive part in the quarrel. He there fore concluded, that Otoo had «4led prudently in waiting for Ihf Citptgin. though it prevented hisgivinjg that varly afllftancf to Towh» which he expcAed.. While wc were difcourfuig on this fubjed, a meffenger arrived from Towha, defirjng the attendance of Otoo the next day, at the moral in AtuhoQnio^ to return thanks to the Eatooa for the peace he had concluded* Captain Pook't company was requeued { kut, baing much out of order, (:hofe to decline attending tbcm. Pcflriwa, however, of knowing what ceramony might he exhi- bited on fuch an occafion,,he fent Mr. King and Otniah tQ Qbfcrvc the particular;, wd returned on boaxd, st tended bydtoo's mother, his three lifters, and fcveral other women. A 1 lirft the Cnptain imagined that this numerous tnu'i > amc into hispoat, in order to ^ct a patfage to Mat.uni. Cut th»y alPurcd him, they in- tended paflin^ thh- night on board, for the purpo(c yf curing thedilorJcr he complained Of; which was a rheu- matic pin, wuiUiuv; frou> llvr h\p to the fyot. Ht accepted This is called by the natives ro^ I9ee, an ojteration far exceeding that of the flefli-bruflv or any exterjial fridUon/. Jt i« iinlverfaliy practiced antongthefe idanuers. Captain Watiis, «ind his firll Lieutenant, had the fame operation pcrl'ormcd upon f hem^ If at any time, a perfon appears languid and tired, and fos down by any of them, they pru«^cc the romcQ upon his kg;, and italways has an eicceedinggood effect On Thurfday the 25th, Otoo, Mr. King, ajidOniiat^ returned from Attahooroo ; and Mr. Kiiig &voured us with a narrative of what he had fcen to tbe following purport. " At fun-fet, we embarked m a canoe, ana' left Opar felves on the beach, near the canoe in which Towha fat. He was then afleepj hut being awakened, and Otoo's naoie mentioned to him, a plantain tree and dog were iramiediately laid at Otoo'.s toet; and feveral pf Towha's people cansc and converfbd with him. After I had been, for fome time, feated clofe to Otoo, Towha neither flirring from hiji canoe, nor faying aiiy thing to us. 1 repaired to him. He alkcd me, jf Tooic wa« difplcaled with him? 1 anfwetcd no; that he was hi* taio; and that 1 was ordered to repair to Attahooroo, to let him know it. Omiah then entered into.a longcon- verfation with this chief, but I could not gather anf information from him. On my returning to Otoo^ he defircd that 1 would go to eat, and then to Hecp; in confequence of which Omiah and 1 left him. On my queftioning Omiah on that head, he faid, Towha was lame, and therefore could not ftir; but that he and Otoo would Ibon convciie in private. This was probablj^ true; for thofe we left with Otoo came to us in a little time; and about ten minutes after, Ofoo himfelf ar- rived, when we all vent to (leep in his canoe. The next morning the ava was in great pb^nty- One inaa drank to fuch exccfs that he loft hn^nfes, and ap^ peared co be convulfed. He was heldp^ two men, who tiuficd themfelvesin pluckii^ off hii hair b^.tKe rootsl- I left this fpedlaclc to fee a more alfe^inig bnf j it was < the meeting of Towha and his wife, with a young girl, . win wa« faid to be his daughter. After the ' ceremony of cutting their headi, anddiichaigiiw; plenty of blooa and tt»rs, they wafhcid, embraced the chief, and ap. peated Dcrfedly' unconcerned. But thevoung girfM fufhrilwi were not yet concluded, Teirridtri ^jeerea'^s fon)arpv^i and flie, with great compofure, hmated thole (j«fnnoRies to him, whieh (he hadjuft per- fonmed oil meeting her father. Towha having brought In a war canoe from Eindeo, I Inouited if he fnd killed the pCofUc belongii^ to her, and was iiifbnnctf, that there wat not a Angle perfon in her when (he was cap-> tured. About ten o' bufin'efs." From what can be ju^ved bf this folemnity, as re. lated from Mr. KinK, it had not been only a thankf- giving. as Omiah told us, but rather a confirmation rf the treaty. The gravte, raeniiohed by Mr. King, ap- pears to be the very Qjot whelt the celebi^tion of the rites bqgan, when the hiiihih (k^KfiCe was offered, at which Capuin COok was pre^ht, and befi>i« which the viaim was laid. It it hdt/ alTo that they firft iavcft their kings with (be Ma^. Oinikh« who had ■'4 "'" fecn the ceacmony when Otoo was made kjng, dc- fcribcd [he Hiliclle ifokmnity when 'wc wore herq« which is nearly -the ifumc; as that now rclaect'. by^Mr. £iiqg, thou^ perhaps .u{ion a ver^ different oconlion. ' The pbntai^n-trcc w #l,i^av». the iirff; thing intnfduce^ inall fncir religious ccjfe^wnicv as w.ell aa in all their public and private dcb^^r^ :an^i .priibably on many other; bocafions. While Toulta tM4M«t £imeo, he fent one or more ind, fiiA^r. whi^h he. fuatie^iiihim- felf before hi'ip ,i^ fOlated parpiciwIiH-s. When ;rw;e men mii: iax uich higb difpiite that blows arc expofled to <;nfM,^, if 4Uie fliould lay a fplantain-trcejbetorc the other, the;^ botthihcco^ecool, and , proceod in the ar- ■gi^ent without tVwCf qnimofity. ic is indeed the >odiyc (iranch of tht^fe pcpple upon alloooafiens. Pn IFriday,,the 26tli, all qbc women wokc ordered to :he put on OsoKi * taft. not tended to return, and would bring with them houfes, all kinds of animals, and men and women who were to fettle on the ifland. Otoo, when he mentioned this to Capuin Cook, added, that if the Spaniards lliould return, he would not permit them to enter Manvai fort, which, he faid. was ours. The idea pleafed himi but he did not confider that an attempt to complete it would deprive him of his kingdom, and his people of their liberty. Though this (news how eafily a lettle- ment might be pffedud at Otaheite, it it hoped that fuch an event mig;ht never take place. Gat occ«Bona| vifitt may have been of fervicc to iti inhabiunts, but (confidering how mofl European cflablifhments among Indian nations aoe conduced) a permanent feitlement at this ifland would, probably, eive them jufl caufe to lament that jour (hips had ever difcovered it. Indeed, a meafure of this kind can hardly ever be fcrioufly thought of, as it can neither anfwer the purpofes of public ambition, nor of private avarice. We have already oofervcd, that Capuin Cook received » yifit froit^ one of the two nauves of this iQand who bad been ukcn to Lima by the Spaniards. It is (imewhat re;narkable that wc never faw him afterwards, cook's third and LAST VOYAGE— To the I'ACIFIC OCEANi &c. 497 afterwards, cfpecially as the Captain received him with uncommon civility. It wa» fuppofcd that Oiiiiah, from motives of jealoufy, had kept him from the Cap'ain, he being a traveller, who, in lomc degree, might vie with himfelf. Our touching at Teneritfe was a lucky circumftancc for Omiah, who prided himfclf in having vifited a place belonging to Spain, as well as this man. Captain Gierke, who had feen the other traveller, fpokc of him as a low fellow, a little out ol his fenfes i and his own countrymen entertained the (amc opinion of him. In (hort, thofe two adventurers feemcd to be held in little or no cltcem. They h.id not been fo fortunate, it is true, as to return home with fuch valuable property as had been bcrtowcd upon Omiah, whofe advantages are fo great from having been at England, that if he fhould fink into his original ftatc of ind()Ience, he has only himfelf to blame for it ; and we are inclined to think this will be the confe- quence of his indifcrcet behaviour. Some time before, the Captain, his unchangeable friend and patron, had made up a fuit of colours for him, but he conlidcrcd them as too valuable to be ufed at this time, and therefore patched up a parcel ol flags and pendants, to the number often or a dozen, which he fpread on dit- fercnt parts of his canoe. Thi»^, as might be expected, drew a gieat number of people to look at her. I Ic had completely (locked himfelf with cloth and cocoa-nut oil, which arc better and more plentiful at Otahcite than at any of the Society Ides, infomuth, that they arc conlidcrcd as articles of trade. Omiah would not have behaved fo inconfiftently, as he did in many in- ftanccs, had it not been for his filler and brother-in- law, who, together with a few feledl companions, cngrolFed him to thrmfelves, in order to ftrip him of every article he poflcfled : and they would certainly have fucceedcd, if Captain Cook had not taken the molt ufeful articles of his projierty into his poflenion. I^owevc^, Omiah would not have been faved from ruin, if the Captain had permitted thefe relations and friends of iiis to have accompanied him to his intended phcc , ' fcttlement at Huaheine. This, indeed, was thi^i'- ^1 i m, but our Commodore difappointed their &•:; ^ . of plunder, by forbidding them to appear at 1-41/ ■ -, while he continued at the Society lllands, and tney knew him well enough not to comply. On Tucfday, the ;}oth, having failed from Otaheite, we t:ontinued our courfe under doubled reefed top- fails, and (lood for the north end of the illand of Eimeo. Omiah, in his canoe, arrived there before \is, and endeavoured, by taking fome necelFary meafures, to fliew us the Ijcfl anchoring place. We were not, however, without pilots, having fevcral natives of Otaheite on board, and among them not a few women. Unwilling to rely wholly on thefe guides, two boats •were fent to examine the harbour, when, obferving the fignal made for fafe anchorage, we flood in with both the flups clofe up to the head of the inlet, where we call author in ten fathoms water, over a bottom of foft mud, and moored with a hawfer fall to the fliore. The name of this h irboiir is Taloo. It is fituated on the north fide of the iflund, and in the dillridl of Oboo- nolioo, or PooiK.'hoo, and runs above two miles between the hills, S. or S. by M. It is not inferior to any har- bour that we ha.f met with in this ocean, both for fe- curity and goiHiiicfs of bottom. It has alio this lingu- lar advatitage, that a ihip can fail in and out with the reigning trading wind. Several rivers fall into it, one ol wiiith is fo tonfidcrahlc, as to admit boats a quarter ot a mile no, where the water is perfeclly frelh. 'I'he banks, on the (ides of this llream, are covered with winii the natives call the Pooroo-trce, on whiih they fet no v.ilut, as it ferves only for liring: fo that wood and watirniay be procured here wnh great fa- cility.. Vhf h irbourof Farowroah, on the lame lide of the illand, is ahv)ut two miles to the eadward, and is much larger within than that of Taloo j but the open- ing in the reef lies to leeward of the liarliour, and is contlilcialJy narrower. There rre two or three more harbours on the fouth fide of the ifi.ind, but they arc Qot fo con(iderablea« thofe we have alfcady mentioned. No. 6j. We were received by the natives of Eihico with every mark of hofpitality, great numbers of whom came aboard the lliip', but rioin tnerc motives of curiofity, for they brought notiiing with them for thepurpofes of barren On Wednefday the id of Oiflober, our live (bock was landeil, our carpenters fent out to cut wood, and our purveyors to collei.'t hogs. Here we found Omiah, who, on his arrival, had been diverting hiinfelf Jmd the natives with his feats of arms, and had raifed their ruriolity to a very high degree, by acquainting them w ith our intention of paying them a vifit, as no Euro- pean (liip had ever anchored at their illand betbrc. The next day, being the 2nd, feveral canoes arrived, fromdillant parts, bringing with them a copious fup- ply of bread-fruit, cocoanuts, and a few hogs, which were exchanged for Ivads, nails, and hatchets j red fea- thers being not fo inuch demanded here as at Otaheite. This day, in the nioniinf?. Captain Cook received a vifit froirt Mahcine, the chief of the idand. He ap- proached tie fliip with as great caution and delibera- tion, as if he apprehended mifchief from us, kno^ving us to be friends of the Otaheiteans; for thefe people have no idea that wc can be in fricndlhip with any one, without adopting his caufe againll his enemies. 'I'his chief was accompanied. by his wife, who, we are told, is filler to Oamo, of Otahcite, whofe death we heard of while we remained at this ifiand. Cap- tain Cook made them prefents of fuch articles as feemcd moll to flrike their fancy j and after Haying about half an hour, they went on (horej foon after they returned with a large liog, prefcnting it as a re urn for the Captain's favour; but he made them an additional gift to the fiill value of it; after which they went on lioard the Difcovcry to vifit Captain Clerkc. Maheinc, fiipported with a few adherents, has made himfelf, iti fi)nie degree, independent of Otaheite. He is between forty and lifiy years of age, and i.? bald-headed, a cir- cumllance rather uncommon, in thefe illands, at that age. I !e feemcd afliamcd of (liowing his bend, and wore a kind of turban to conceal it Whether they confidercd this deficiency of hair difjraceful, or whe- ther they fuppofed wc confidered it in that light, is not eafy to determine ; the latter, however, appears the moll probable, from the circumllanc ■ of their having feen us fiiave the head of one of the natives, whom wc detected dealing. They naturally concluded, there- fore, that this was a kind of punifhment infliifted by, us upon all thieves; and (bmc of our gentlemen, whofe heads were but thinly covered with hair, were violently fufpee'led by them of being tetos. Towards the even- ing, Captain Cook and Orniah mounted on horfeback, and rode along the fliore. Omiah having forbid the natives to follow us, our train was not very numerous; the fear of giving offiL-nee having got the better of their curiofity. The fleet of Towha had been dationed in this harbour, and tlwugh the war was but of (hort du- ration, the marks of its devadation were very numerous and every where confpicuous. The trees had lod all their fruit, and the houfes in the neighbourhood had been burnt, or otherwife dedroyed. On Monday the 6th, we hauled thefliip off into the dream, intending to put to fea the next day, but the following difagrccable incident prevented it. We had, in the morning, fent our goats adiorc to graze; and, in the evening, the natives contrived to Ileal One of them, notwithllanding two men had been appointed to look after them. 1 his was a confiderablc lofs, as it inter- fered with the Captain's views of docking other iflands with thofe animals: he, therefore, was determined, if pollible, to recover it. On the 7th, wc received intel- ligence, tiiat it had been conveyed to Mahcine, who was, at that time, at I'arowroah harbour. Two elderly men oiilitd their fervices to conduit any of ourpeople to hini, in order to bring back the goat. The Captain, thcretbre, difjiatched fome of our people in a boar, charged with a melfage to that chief, and infilled on both the goat and the thief being immediately given up. Maheine had, only the day before, requeded the Com- nuKlore ti> give him two gpats; but, as there were none f I J I .:'V. ;lf m 4 m 498 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. ii '■••' 'j-t ^ t of thefc animals at fome other illands, he rcfured to gratify him. Willing, however, to oblige him in this particular, he delired art Otaheitc chief, then prcfcnt, to requcft of Ocoo, in hig name, to convey tM-o goats to Maheine, and to enfurc his compliance, fcnt him, by the fame chief, a quantity of red feathers, equal in value to the two coats that were required. The Com- modore cxpeded that Mahcinc, and all the other chiefs of the ifland, would have been pcrfedly fatislied with this arrangement; but he was midaken, as the event clearly proves. Little fufpeiting that any one would prefumc to Ileal a fccond, while the necclFary mcafures were taken to recover the firft, the goats were again put alhore this morning ; and a boat, as ufual, was fent for them in the evening. While our people were getting thcin into the boat, one was conveyed away undifcovered. As it was miircd immediately, we cxpedlcdto recover it without much trouble, as it tould not have been carried to any conlidcrable dillance. Several of the natives fct out after it, ditfercnt ways ; for they all endeavoured to perfuade us, that it mull have flraycd into the woods; not one of them admit- ting that it was llolen. Wc were, however, convinced of the contrary, when we found not one of the purfuers re- turned : their intention being only to amufe us, till their prize was fafely depodtcdi and night coming on prevented all farther fearch. At this inllant, the boat returned with the other goat, and one of the perfons who had purloined it. The next morning being Wed- nefday the 8th, mod of the natives were moved off. They had carried with them a corpfe that lay on a too- pajMX), oppofite the Ihip; and Mahcinc, we were in- formed, had retired, to the rcmotcll part of the idand. It now plainly appeared, that a regular plan had been projedled to deal what the Commotlore had rcfufcd to give; and that, having rrdorcd one, they were deter- mined not to part with the other, which was a female, and with kia ; and the Commodore was equally re- folved to have it back again: he, therefore, applied to the two elderly men, who had been indrumental in re- covering the fird, who informed him that this had been taken to a place on the fouth fide of the idand, called Watea, by Hamoa, who was the chief of that didrid; but ^at it would be delivered up, if wc fent and de- manded it. They diewed a willingnefs to condudl fome of our people to the fpot ; but finding that a boat might go ancl return in one day, one was immediately dilpjitcned with two of our officers, Mr. Roberts, and Mr. Shuttlcworth ; one to remain with the boat, if die could not get to the place, while the other went with the guides, accompanied by fome of our people. The boat returned in the evening, when we were informed by the officers, that, after proceeding in the boat as far as rocks and dioals would permit, Mr. Shuttlcworth landed ; and, attended with two marines, and one of the guides, went to the houfc of Hamoa, at Watea, where, for fome time, they were amufed by the natives, who pretended they had fcnt for the goat, and that it would foon be proiduced. But as it did not arrive, and night approaching, Mr. Shuttleworth refolved to give over the fruitlefs fcarch, and return to his boat. Cap- tain Cook now lamented that he had proceeded fo far in the bufineft, feeing he could not retreat with credit, nor without giving encouragement to other idanders to rob us with impunity. Upon confulting with Omiah, and the two old men, they advifed us, without hefita. tion, to advance up the country with a party of men, and (hoot every pcrfon they Inould meet with. The Captain did not approve of the bloody part of this counfel ; neverthelels, early the next morning, being the 9th, he fet out with thirty-five of our people, ac- companied by Omiah, one of the old men, and three attendants. Lieutenant Williamfon was alfo ordered round the wcftcm part of the ifland, with three armed boats, to meet us. We had no fooner landed, than the few remaining natives fled before us. The fird perfon we met with on our march, was in a kind of pe- rilous fituation ; for Omiah, the indant he beheld him, adced Captain Cook if he (hould (hoot him; fo fully washcperfuaded, that the advice given us was immc. diatelytobe c.irricd into execution ; but the Captain gave orders both to him and our guide, to let it be niadc known, that it was not our intention to ddlroy a fingic native. Thefcjoyful tidings foon circulated, and pre- vented the flight of the inhabitants. Aftcmiing the ridge of hills, on our road to Watea, wc were informed that the goat had been carried the fame way, .ind could hardly have parted the hills : wc thin-forc marchtd up in great lilencc, expcding to furprize the party who were bearing ofl the prize ; but, when wc arrived at the uppcrmod plantation, wc were told, that the ani- mal we were in fcarch of, had, indeed, been kept there the fird night, but, the next morning, was conve)td to Watea. We made no further enquiry, till we came within fight of Watea, where wc were directed to Ha- moa's houfe by fome people, who alfo informed us, that the goat was there. We fully expected to obtain it on our arrival; but, having reached the houfe, the people there denied that they had ever fcen it, or knew any thing about it. Hamoa himfelf appeared, and cxprcfl'ed himlirlf to the fame cflcft. On our fird coming to Watea, feveral men were fcv^, running to and fro in the woods, with clubs and darts in their hands ; and Omi.ih, whoh.id ran towards them, was alfaultcd with dones: hence it appeared, that they intended to oppofe aay attempt that wc might be induced to make; but, on feeing the flrengtii of our party, had given up the de- fign: wc were confirmed in this opinion, byobferving, that all their houfcs were empty. After having col- Icdcd a few of the natives together, Omiah was dircded to cxpodulatc with them on the abfurdity of the ir con- duct, and to let them know, we had received fiillkient information that the goat was in their poirtllion; and that, if it was not without delay delivcreu up, wc diould burn all their houfes and canoes; yet, notwithdanding this expodulation,thcy pcrlidcd in their denial of hav- ing any knowledge of it: in confcquence of which wc fet fire to eight of their houfes, and three war canoes, all which were prcfently confumcd. We afterwards marched od' to join the boats, at that time eight miles from us ; and, in our rout, burnt fix other war canoes, without any oppofition; on the contrary, many of tlic natives aflided us, perhaps, more from icnr than any other motive. Omiah. who was at fome didancc be- fore us, came back with information, that a number of men were affemblcd to attack us. We prepared to receive them ; but, indead of enemies, they were peti- tioners, with plantain trees in their hands, which they laid down before us, entreating the Commodoie to fpare a canoe that lay up.in the ^ot, which he readily complied with. About four o'clock, in the afiernoon, we arrived at Wharraradc, where our bo.its were wait- ing for us. This didriift belongs to Tiarntaboonoue ; but this chief, together with the other principal ()eop!c of the place, had fled to the hills ; though we made no attack on their property, they being in amity with Otoo. Here we remained about an hour, in order to red our- felves, and afterwards fet out for the fliips, where we ar- rived at eight o'clock in the evening; but no tidings of the goat had, at that time, been received ; and, of courfe the operations of the day had been inefiectuni. On Friday the loth, early in the morning, a mcf- fenger was (cm off to Mahcinc, charged with this pe- remptory refolution of the Captain, that if he pcrlidcd in his refufal to deliver up the goat, a lingle canoe fhould not be left upon the ifland; and that hodilitics ihoiil'* never ceafe, while the dolen animal remained in h.s {wfleflion. That the mefl'engcr might perceive the Captain was in earned, he ordered the carpenter, in hii prcfence, to break up three canoes that lay at the head of the harbour;and, by his order, the planks were taken onboard, to fcrvc as materials to build a houfe for Omiah, at the place where he intended to fix his rcfi- dcnce. From hence, our Commander, properly at- tended, went to the next harbour, where he dcdroycd eight more canoes, and returned on board about feven in the evening. On his arrival, he was informed, that the goat had been returned half an hour before ; an4 it appeared from good intelligence, that it came from the very place, where the inhabitants, the day before, 4 declared COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 499 Captain be iittide a linglc ind pre- ing the n formed lid could chcd up rty who Ivcd ac the ani- 'pt there ^C)Td to wc came to Ha- us, that :ain it on le people rscw any X pre fled iiing to fro in the Omi.ih, ftoncs: pofc any but, on the de- ibferving, king col- s dirci'kd heir con- fiillicicnt lion; and wc (liould hlianiling ai of hav- which wc declared they knew nothing about iti but, from the mefTage delivered to the chief in the morning, he per- ceived, that the Captain wa« not to be triHtd \uth. Thus ended this troublefomc and unfortunate bufinefs, equally to be regetted by the natives, and by Captain Cook. He was grieved to reflcd, that, after refufing to adiift his friends at Otaheite, in the invafion of this ifland, he (liould fo foon be obliged to engage in hof- tilitics againll its inhabitants; which, perhaps, were more injurious to them, than Towha's expedition. In a memorandum of occurrences, penned by one of our officers, we find a much Icfs favourable account of this aftair than the above; the circumflanccs arc thus re- lated by that gentleman. " On the 2nd of Oitober, Maheinc, accompanied by other chiefs came on board the Difcovery, with large hogs by way of prcfents ; and were prefentcd in re- turn with axes, hatches, looking-glaflTcs, &c. our pur- veyors were likcwifc much gratified, by the fuccefs they met with in murkcting; purchafing the largcft hogs for the mereft trifles ; as for inftancc, a hog of 200 weight, for twelve red feathers, and fo in propor- tion. But this friendly intercourfc was foon changed to a fceneof defolation, that no injury wc received from thepilferingdifpofitionof the inhabitants could juftify. The people had brought us every thing their ifland afl^orded, and had left it to the generofity of the purchafers to give, in return, whatever they pleafed: but unfortunately a goat from our live ftock was mifTing. It had been fccretly conveyed away in the night, from the paftures in which they were pkiced to feed, not- withllanding the vigilance of the guard appointed to look after them. With the lofs of this animal, no doubt a great prize to the thief, the Earee of the ifland was made acquainted by Captain Cook, and a peremptory requifltion made to have it reftored, on pain of having his country laid wafte, his (hipping deftroyed, and him- felf perfonally punilhed for the crime of his fubjcdt. The king promifed his afliftance.and required time for enquiry; but, as foon as he was fct at liberty, he ab- fconded, and was no more feen. The goat being ftill tnilTtng, and no means ufed for recovering and reftoring it, a party from both (hips, with the marines in a body, were ordered out, to carry the threats of our commander into execution. For three days, fuccei- fively, they continued their devaluations, burning and deftroying 200 of the beft houfes of the inhabitants, and as many of their large war canoes ; at the fame time, cutting down their fruit trees, and deflroying their plantations. The natives who lived at a diftance, hearing of the havock that was made near the bay, filled their canoes with ftoncs and funk them, with a view to their prcfervation; but that availed them nothing; for the Captain ordered boats to be manned and armed ; the canoes that were funk to be weighed up and de- ftroyed; in (hort, a general defolation to be carried through the whole ifland, (hould the goat be ftill with- held. Add to this, that two young natives of quality being found on board our Ihip, were made prifoners, and told they were to be put to death, if the goat ihould not be reftored within a certain time. The youths protefted their own innocence, and difclaimed all knowledge of the guilty perfons; notwithftanding which, every preparation was apparently made for puttingthem both to death. Large ropes were carried upon the main deck, and made faft fore and ah: axes, chains, 8cc. were placed upon the quart ?r deck, in fight of the young men, whofc terrors were increafed by the information of Omiah, who gave them to underftand that, by ail thefe foiemn preparations, their doom was finally determined. Under thcfc gloomy apprehen- fions the poor youths remained till the 9th, when, about three in the afternoon, a body of between 50 and 60 natives were feen from the ftiip haftcning to the har- bour, who, when they came near, held up the goat in their arms, in raptures that they had found it, and that it was ftill alive. The Joy of the imprifoned young men is not to be exprcfled ; and when they were re- leafed, inrtoad of fliewing any figns of refcntment, they were ready to fall down and worlhip thctr deliverers. It can fcarce be credited, when the devaftatioii ccafed,' how foon the injury they had fuftiired was forgotten, and provifions again brought to markit, as if no vio- lence had ever been connnitted by us; only the Earea of the ifland never made his appearance. All thia while numbers of the inhabitants of Otaheite, were witnefles of the fevcrity with which this theft was pu- nched; but it feemed to make no unfavourable im- preflion upon them; for they continued their good oflices as lung as wc remained in the Society ifles." On Saturday the nth, our intercourfc with the na- tives was renewed ; feveral canoes bringing bread fruit and cocoa-nuts to the (hips; whence our Commander concluded, they were conlcious of having merited the treatment they had received ; and that the caufe of his difpleafurc being now removed, they apprehended no further mifchief Being now about to take our depar- ture from Eimeo, we (hall firft juft remark, that there is very little diftercnce between the produce of this ifland, and that of Otaheite; but the dinerence in their wo- men is remarkable. Thofe of Eimeo have a dark hue, are tow in ftature, and have forbidding features. We would obferve farther, the appearance of Eimeo bears not the leaft refcmblance to that of Otaheite. The latter being a hilly country, has little low land, except fome deep valleys, and a Hat border that almoft fur- rounds it near the fea. Eimeo has ftcep rugged hills, running in different diredions, leaving large valleys, and gently rifing grounds about their fides. The hills, though rocky, are generally covered with trees almofl to the tops. At the bottom of the harbour of Taloo, the ground generally rifes to the foot of the hills; but the flat border on the (ides, becomes quite (teep at a- fmall diftance from the fea. This produces a prolpeit fuperior to any thing we faw at Otaheite. In the low grounds, the foil is a yellowi(h ftift' mould; on the lower hills it is blacker, and more loofe ; and the ftonc which compofes the hills, is of a bluilh colour, intcr- fpcrfed with fome particles of glimmer. Near the place where our (hips were ftationed, are two large ftoncs, concerning which fomefuperftitious notions arc entertained by the natives. They coniider them as brother and fifter; that they are Eatooas, or divinities; and that they came from Ulietea, by fome fupcrnatural means. Having procured, at this ifland, a large quantity of fire-wood, an article we could not fupply ourlelves with at Matavai, there being not a tree but what is ufeful to the inhabiunts, and likewife a number of hogs, bread, fruit, and cocoa-nuts, at nine o'clock A. M. we weighed, having a fine breeze down the harbour; but it was fo faint and variable, that we were notoutat fea before noon, at which time we direded our courfe to Huaheine.. Omiah having previoufly fct fail before us. In the night, the weather being hazy, he loft fight of the fliip and fired his gun, which was anfwered by the Refolu- tion. On Sunday the 12 th, we came in fight of Hua- heine, and, at noon, anchored at the northern entrance of Owharre Harbour, (ituated on the weft fide of the ifland. Omiah, in his canoe, entered the harbour juft before us, but did not land; and though many of his countrymen crowded to fee him, he did not take much notice of them. Great numbers alfo came off to the ftiips, infomuch that we wt.c greatly incommoded by them. Our pairengcrs immediately informed them of our tranfadlions at Eimeo, multiplying, by ten at leaft, the number of canoes and houfes that we had deftroyed. Captain Cook war not much difpleafed at their giving this exaggerated account, as he found that it made a confiderable impreffion upon all who heard it ; fo that he had hopes it would induce the natives of this ifland to treat him in a better manner than they had done in his former vifit. The next morning, which was the 13th, all the principal people of the ifland came to our ftiips. This was juft what our Commodore wifhcd, as it was now high time to fettle Omiah, and he fup- pofed that the prefence of thefc chiefs would enable him to effedl it in a fatisfadory manner. But Omiah now feemed inclined to eftablifli himfelf at Ulietea t and if he and Captain Cook could have agreed with rcfpea ' ' m Ui 500 Capt. C O O K 's V () Y A O !•- S C O M 1' L E T U- iv I rclpiv'l to the niocio of actomplilliing that dclign, the laticr would have confentcd to adopt it. Hi« lather haii bctn deprived by the inhabitants of Bolabola, when they lubdued Ulictca, of fomo land in. that illand ; and the Captain hoped he fliould be able to git it reliored to the foa without difficulty. For th1» purpofe, it was necellary that Omiah iTiuuld be upon fiiemlly tcrnis with thole who'had bccon>c niafteis of the iil.m.l ; but he would not iilkn to .iny 'uth pro- pofal, and was vain emni|^h to imagine that the Cap- tain would make ufe of force to icinOatc him in his fiirfeitcd lands. This preponclTion preventing his hiinj5 fixed at Uiietca, the Captain began to coniidcr Huaheine as the more i-roper place, and therefore de- terminal to avail himfelf of the prcfencc of the chief mjn of that illand, and pmiwfc the affair to them. The Ih'ips were no lefs crowded with hogs, than wiili chiefs, the former being poured in upon us fafter tlian the butchers and falters could difpatch them. Indeed, for feveral days after our arrival, fome hun- tlreds, great and fniall, were brought on board j and, if a;iv were rcfufed, they were thrown into the boats, and Kit behind. Bread-fruit, bananocs, plantains, cocoa- nuts, and yams, were brought in the fame plentiful | proportions, and purchafed for triffcs. At Otahcite we had heard, that our old friend Oree was no longer the chief of Huaheine, and that at this time he refided at Ulittea. Indeed he never had been more than rcjjent duiing the minority of Taircctareca, the prefent lurcc rahie ; but he did not give up the regency till he was coinpellcd thereunto. His two funs, Opoony and Towha, were the firlt who paid us a vilit, coming on board before the (hip Has well in the harbour, and bringing with them a prefent ; for which they received, in return, red feathers, &c. Red feathers are here, as at Otaheitc, a very remarkable commodity, with which the feamen made purchafcs of cloth, and other manu- iaclures of the illand: thofc who were followed by their mifTcs from Otahcite, kept feparate tables for them, at a fmall expence ; w hile the milTes catered and cooked for their m.ates, who feafted every day on barbi- cucd pigs, ftewed fowls, roafted bread-fruit, aiid a variety of other delicacies, purchafed by the ladies for the mereft trifles. Among our foremaft-men were many who laid in ftore of thefe good things for their fupport, in cafe of being reduced to Ihort allowance j and they had rcafon, afterwards, to confole themfclvcs on their provident care. The Captain'now, after the hurry of bufinefs in the morning was over, prepared to make a vifit in form to Taircctareca. the luirce rahie, or prefent reigning king of the ifland. Omiah, who was to accompany him, drclTed himfelf very properly on the occafion, and pro- vided a handfome prefent for the chief himfelf, and another lor his Eatooa. Their landing drew mofV of • the vilitors from the lliips, who, with many others, alTembled in a large houfe. The concourfe of people became very great, the major part of whom feemed ftouter and fairer than thofe of Otahcite; and the number of men who appeared to be of confequencc was alio niu:h greater, in proportion to the extent of the illand. The Captain waited fome time for the king ; but when he appeared, we found his prefcnce might have been difpenfed with, as his age did not exceed ten years. Omiah, who flood at a little diflance from the circle of great men, bcg.in with making his otfcring to the gods, which conliftcd of cloth, red feathers, ficc. Another offering fuccteded, which was to be (;iven to the gods by the young chief; and after that, feveral other tufts of red feathers were piefer.tcd. The ditfer«it articles were bid before a priclf, being each of them delivered with a kind of prayer, wh ch w;as fpoken by one of Omiah's friends, though in a great ir.eafurc diAated by himfelf. In ihcfc oraifr)ns he did not forget his friends in England, nor thofe who had C'.mdua«rd him fafc b.ick to his native country. The Earee rahie no Fretanne, the Earl of Sandwich, Toote (Captain •; (wke), Tatee (Captain Clerke), were men- tioned in every one of them. Thefe olferings and prayers bciiij; ended, the pricft rook each of the aniclcs ill order, and, alter i^epcating a concluding prayer,, fcnt every one. qf thoip tp the Mnrai. .After the pcr- forrhancc of thefe religious rites, Omiah feaied himfelf by the Captain, who bellowed a prefent on the young prince, and received another in return. Soine ar- rangements were next agreed upon, relative to the mode of carrying on the intercourfe between ui and the natives s to whom the Captain pointed out the ipii^ chievpes confequencei that would attend their pluh-^ dering us, as on former occalions. The eftabliflimcnc of Omiah was then propofed to this aflcmbl/ of chicfi. .They were informed^ that we had conveyed him into England, where he was well received bv the greiK King of Pretannc, and his Earees; anci had m*i» treated, during his whole ftay, with all the marki of ' regard and ail'cdlion ; that he had been broMght tMCk again, and e.iriched with a variety of articles, which, it was honied, would be highly beneficial to hi; cotln- tr)mcn ; and that, belides the two horfes which were to continue with him, many other new and ufeful ani« mals had been left at Otaheitc, which would fpecdily multiply, and furnifli a fufficient number lor the ufe of all the neighbouring illands. The Captain .then gave them to undcrlland, it was his earneft requeft that they would give his friend, Omiah, a piece of land, upon which he might build a houfe, and raife provifions for himfelf and family ; adding, that if he could not obtain this at Huaheine, either by donation or purchafe, he was refolved to carry him to Ulielea, and fettle him there. We obferved that this conclulion feemed to gain the approbation of all the chiets ; and the rcafon was not lefs obvious. Omiah had vainly flattered himfelf, that the Captain would ufe force in rel^oring him to his father's poireffions, in Uiietea; and he had talked at random, on this fubjeft,. among fome chiefs, at this meeting, who now cxpeQcd that they fliould be alFifled by us in an invalion of Uiietea, and driv.^ ing the BokiboLins out of that ifland. It being proper, therefore, that they lltould be undeceived in this par- ticular, the Captain, with this view, llgnifled to them, in the moft decifive manner, that he would neither give them any alTiftance in fuch an enterprizc, nor even luifer it to be put in execution, while he remained in their feas; and that, if Omiah ellabliflied himfelf in Uiietea, he Ihould be introduced as a friend, and not forced upon the people of Bolabola as their conqueror. This peremptory declaration immediately gave a new turn to the fentiinents of the council; one of whom expreffed himfelf to this efl'ed : that the whole ifland of Huaheine, and whatever it contained, were Captain Cook's, and therefore he might difpofe of what portion he pleafed to his friend: but, though Omiah feemed much pleafed at hearing this, to make an oflfer of what it would be improper to accept, the Captain confidered as offering nothing: he for this rcafon delired them to mark out the particular fpot. and like- w ife the cxad quantity of land, which they intended to grant for the fettlement. Upon this, fome chiefs, w ho had retired from the alTembl/, were fent for ; and, after a Ihort confultation, the Commodore's requeft was unanimoufly complied with, and the ground im^ . mediately fixed upon, adjoining to the houfe where the prefent meeting w m held. It extended along the fliore of the harbour, about 200 yards; its depth, to the bottom of the hill,, was forncwhat more ; and a pro-, portionable part of the hill was comprehended in the grant. This affair being fettled, on Saturday, the 18th, a tent was pitched on fliorc, a poll cflabli (lied, and the obfervatones ercdled. As this was one of the molt plentiful of the Society Ifles, it was prop.)fcd to make fome rtay here, in order to careen the ihips, and to lay in provilions for future ufe. This was the more nc- eellary. as we were to (ail to countries w iiully unknown, w here it was uncertain what accommodations we might meet with, or to what difficulties we might be fubjecl. The bed* and furniture of every kind were therefore unladen, and every crevice of the fliips examined, fcraped, waflled with vinegar, and fmokcd. While thi? lull operation was performing, the lower port-holes wore :^i ^ > vO' ;^>i^l' f ♦H •■y.\ >f: '^ % ►■\ %' mn \n. •it- lit COOKs THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 501 were left open, for the rats to make their cfcapc ,• in Ihort, n thorough rcvifion was dircded to be made of every thing on board, a« well to cicanfe the furniture from vermin, as to remove the danger of infrftion from putrid air, generated by a perpetual fuccedion of multitudes of people, between decks, ever fince our arrival at Otahcitc. The fick were, at the fame time, landed for the benefit of the air, and every means ufcd to recover, and to prefirve them in health when re- covered. Among the lick was Captain (>ook himfelf, for whofc recovery the crews of both (liipn were under much concern, as the fuccefs of the voyage was thought in a great meafiirt to depend uiMin his care and conduet. By the dodor's advice, he w^"! prevailed upon to ficep on (horej where he was alliduoufly at- tended, nij:;ht and day, by the furgeons of boih (hips, who watched with him alternately, till he was out of danger. As foon as he was able, he rode out every day with Omiah on horfebat k, followed by the natives, who, attradled by the novelty of the fight, flocked from the remotcft parts of the ifland to be Ipedlators. Wc alfo during our ftay in this harbour, carried the bread en (liore to clear it of vermin. The number of cock- roaches that infefted the fljip at this time is almoll incredible. The damage wc fuflaincd by them was very confidi i.iWe ; and every attempt to dcftroy them proved friiitlcCs. If any kind of food was expofcd for a few minutes, it was covered with thcfc noxious inferts, who foon picrceel it full of holes, fo that it refemblcd a honiycomb. They proved particularly dellruitivc to birds which haii. been fluffed forcuri- oiitics, and weje fo fond of ink, that they eat out rhc writing on the labels taftcned to different articles ; and the only thing tliat pnkivcd books from their ravages, was the cloftncfs of their binding, which pre- vented thcCe voracious dcllroyers from inlinuating themftlvcs between the leaves. According to Mr. Anderfon, they were of two forts, the tialla orientalis, AnA ^amanica. The former had been carried home in the Rcfolution, in her laff voyage, where ihcy withftood the fevcrity of the winter, in 1776, though (he was in dock all the time. The latter had only made their appearance fincc our leaving New Zealand ; but had Incrcafcd fo fait, that they now got even into our rig- ging; fo that when a fail was loofened thoufands of 'them fell upon the decks. Though the orimialcs were in infinite numbers, they feldom came out but in the flight, when they made a particular noifc in crawling about: and, belides their difagreeable appearance, they did great mifchief to our bread, which dainty feeders would have ill-reli(hcd, being fo befpattcred with their excrement. The carpenters and caulkers had no fooncr com- pleted their bulinefs on board, than they were ordered on fliore to cit& a houfe for O^iah, wherein he might fecure the various European commodities that he had in his poffefllon : at the fame time, others of our people vere employed in making a garden for his ufe, plant- ing vines, (haddocks, melons, pine-apples, and the feeds of various kinds of vegetables ; all which were in R flourifiiing (late before our departure from the ifland. Omiah began now to pay a ferious attention to his own affairs, and heartily repented of his ill-judged prodigali- ty at Otaheite. Here he found a brother, a lifter, and a brother-in-law, the fifter having been married : thefc did not plundci him, as his other relations had lately done ; it appeared, however, that though they had too much honelly and good-nature to do him any injury, yet, they were of too little confequcnce in the iiland, to do him any real ferviccs, having neither authority nor influence to protect his property or his perfon. Thus circumftanced, he ran great rifque of being (tripped of every thing he had received from his generous bcne- fadlors, as foon as he ftibuld ceafe to be within the reach of our powerful ptotcdlion. 1 le was now on the point of being placed in a verj' fingular fuuation, that of the only rich man in the kingdom and com- munity of which he was to be a member -, and being mafter of an accumulated quantity of a fpccies of treafure, which his counrrymen could not create by ■ No. 6r. any art or induflry of their own, it was natural, there- fore, to imagine, that while all wcredefirous of fharing tnis envied wealth, all would be ready to join in attempts to (trip its fole proprietor. As the mod likely means of preventing this, Captain Cook advifed him to diitr'ibute fome of nis moveables am<>ng two or three of the principal chiefs 1 who, on being thus gra- tified, might be induced to favour him with their patronage, and (hi*ld him from the injuries of others. Omiah promifed to follow this advirc, and we heard, betbre wc failed, this prudent ftep had been taken. The Captain, however, not confiding whollv in tht operations of gi-atitiide, had recourfe to tne m*rc forcible and effcdual motive of intimidation, taking every opjjortunity of notifying to the inhabitants, that it was his intention to make another vifit to their iiland, alter h>iving been abfent the ufual time 1 and :Ii;u if he did not find his friend in the fame (tatt of fcLiirity in w hich he (hould leave him at picfent, alt thofe wIkj had been his enemies might exped to be- come the ohjci'ts of his lefentmenr. This menacing declaration will, probably, have fome efledl ; for out fuccellivc vifits of late years have induced thtfc'ldantlers to believe, that our ftiips are 10 return at certain periods ; and while they continue to entertain fuch a notion, which the Captain thought a fair Itrata|.^eni to confirm, Omiah has fome profpett of being fuHered td thrive upon his new plantation. On Wednefday, the 22d, the intercourfe of trade and friendly ollices, between us and the inhabitants of Hiiahcine, was i.itcrrupted i for, in the evening, one of the latter found means to get into Mr. Bayley's ob- fervarory, and carry off a fcxtant, unobferved. '■ Gap'. tain Cook was no fooncr informed of this theft, than he went alliore, and defircd Omiah to apply to the chiefs, to procure rellitution. He accordingly made appli- cation to them, but they took no fteps towards re- covering the instrument, being more attentive to a heeva, that was then exhibiting, till the Captain ordered the performers to defift. Being now convinced he was in earneft, they began to malcc fome enquiry after the delinquent, who was fitting in the midft of them, with fuch marks of unconcern, that the Ciptain was in great doubt of his being guilty, particularly as he denied it. Omiah affuring him this was the perfon, he was fent on board the Kcfoiiition, and put in irons. This railed an univerfal ferment among the iflanders, and the whole body fled with precipitation. The prifoner being examined by Omiah, was with fome difficulty brought to confefs where he had- concealed the fcxtant, and it was brought back unhurt the next morning. After this, the natives recovered from their confternation, and began to gather about us as ufual. As the thief appeared to be a fhamelefs villain, the Commodore punifhed him with greater feverity than he had ever done any former culprit; for, befides having his head and beard (haveil, he ordered both his cars to be cut off, and his eye-brows to be fleed, than which no punifhment could have fubjefted him to greater difgrace. In this bleeding condition he was fent on (hore, and expofed as a fpedacic to intimidate the people from meddling with what was not their own. The natives lo{)ked with horror upon the man, and it was eafy to perceive that this aft gave them ge- neral difguft: even Omiah was affed^, though he endeavoured to iuftify it, by telling his friends, that if fuch a crime hadf been committed in the cjiunrry where he had been, the thief would have lieen fentenced to lofc his life. But, how well foever he might carry off the matter, he dreaded the confequencesto nimfelf, which, in part, appeared in a few days, and were probably more fevercly felt by him, foon after we were gone. Saturday, the ic,\h, a general alarm was fpread, oc- cafioned by a report, that one of our goats had been ftolcn by the above-mentioned thief; and thou 'j, upon examination, we found every thing fafe i.i that quarter, yet it appeared, that he had dcftroyed and carried off from Omiah's grounds, feveral vines and cabt>age plants ; that he had publicly threatened ta put him to death, and to fet jiic to his houf<; aj fi>on a| 6L wc 'n i '\x (' ", ioa Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. !i I'l ■- 'i ■ • I !%«« ; :' ■ ! we (hould auit thii place. To prevent hit doinf; anv Further mifchief, the Captain ordered him to be fcizcu, Midtronfined again on board the (hip, with a view of carrying him oH' the ifland; and thii intention feemed to give general fatitfiidion tu all the chief*. He was a native of Bolabolai but there were too many of the people here ready toco-operate with him in all his de- ngni. We had, indeed, alwaya met with mnrc troubli- Ibmc people in Huahcine, than in any other of the ad- jacent idandii and it was only fmm fear, and the want of proper opportunities, that induced thetn to behave better now. Anarchy and cunfulion Teemed to prevail among them. Their Earec rahic, as we have already obferved,was but a childt and we did not obfervc, that there was one individual, or any fet of men, who held the reins of government for him s fo that whenever any mifunderrtanding occurred between us, we ncvci knew, with fufficicnt precifion, to whom it was neccfTary to apply, in order to etfed an accommodation, or procure reiircA. On Thurfday, the 30th, early in the morning, ourprironer,the Bolabola-inan, found means to efcape from his confinement, and out of the (hip, earning with him the (hackle of the bilboo-bolt that had been put about his leg, which was taken from him as foon as he arrived on (hore, by one of the chiefs, and given to Omiah, who quickly came on board, to inform the Captain, that his mortal enemy was again let loofe upon him. We found, upon enquiry, that the fentry placed over the prifoner, and even the whole watch in that part of the (hip where he was confined, having fallen aflecp, he fcized the favourable opportunity, took the key of the irons out uf the drawer into which he had feen it put, and fet himfelf at liberty. This efcape convinced the Commodore, that his people had been very remifs in their night-duty; which rendered it nc- ceiTary to chaltife thole who were now in fault, and to cftablilh fomc new Fegulationa that might prevent fimi- lar negligence in future. We were picafcd at hearing, ftfterwaros, that the fellow who cfcapcd, had gone over to Ulietca; but it was thought by fomc, he only intended to conceal himfdf till our departure, when he would revenge the indignity we had treated him with, by open or fecrec atucks upon Omiah. The houfc of this great man bdns now nearly finiflied, many ot his moveables were earned adiore. Among other articles was a box of toys, which greatly picafcd the gazing multitude: but as to his plates, dilhes, drinking mugs, glalTes, and the whole train of houfchold apparatus, fcarce one of his countrymen would even look at them. Omiah hinv- Iclf began to thiok, that they would be of no fervice to him: that » baked hog was more favory than a boiled one: that a plantain leaf made as good a difh or plate as pewter; and that a cocoa-nut ihell was as con- venient a goblet as one of our mugs. He t'.ierefore difpofed of moft of thefe articles of Englilh furniture among the crew of our (hipsi and received from them, in return, hatchets, and otner iron implements, which had a more intrinfic value in this part of the world. Among the numerous prefents beftowed upon him in England, fireworks had not been omitted;, fome of whrch we exhibited in the evening of the 28th, before a great number of people, who beheld them with a mix- ture of pleafure and tear. Thofe that remained were put in order, and left with Omiah, purfuant to their original dedination. Wc now began to make preparations for our depar- ture from Huahdnc, and got every thing off from the ftiote this evening, except a gpat big with kid, a horfe and a mare, which were lefk in the polTeflion of Omiah, who was now to be finally feparated from us. We gave himalfo a boar, and two fows, of the iS:ngli(h breed ; and he had got two fows of his own. The horfe had covered the mare during our continuance at Otahcite ; fo that the introdudion of a breed of horfes into thcic iflands, has probably fuccceded. by this valuable pre- feot. With r^tfd to Omiah's domcltic eftablifluaent, he bad piocui^ at Otahcite, four or five toutous^rpao- pie atcd a fa- Thc houfc fret by 18, rds, Mhkh at I'inifo, > Its pofTiblc froii) u dc- upan, chat, rcCt a fpa- uncryt one at vte had L'tuiity. In ,)iomircd to idcd build- kcd out tor xcecd It in ronfilled uf ral fMordt, box. After liim, he in- nuiH of the which oc- th the iKft 3niiali, thus ^'jcs of the cm the dc- i', when Rrft Ills .iwkwnrd Indian pre- crnbarrafs itcr(ainiiicnt luny b«>th i^ \o(s to con- all of them ^ii he miu;ht , to iTioft of was wanting 1 of Oniiah'i ;pipcs, haut- ind of niufit c dinner was :re feated, the idniiration of niblcd round ' confillcd.as iflanil, barbi- nanncrof the falhion, with h two or three cr, hccvas and :»roached, the ■pcrffd. with- thc Commo- bc cut in the '777- Pr. ,Pr. a'clock P. M. zc, and Uilcd !had procured rgc. Though : moil of thcin eat, and con- d to make on« irge quantitir« cy were accuf- take a few in enters had prc- e parts wncre moi, natives of dels were under rioflty, ordered 1 they all left ut, ^ere out at fea. icd to the (hore, ;utbv the rocks, icrefore became it on ftiore. U ^his this boat Onjiah went afhore, uid took * very artec- tionite and final leave of the Captain, nrver to fee hin> more. He had endeavoured to prevail on Captain Cook to let him return to Englwid. which imde his partinir with him and our officcra the more affciluig. If tears could have prevailed on our commander to let him return, Omiah'* eyes were never dry , «nJ 't the tendered fuppUcations of a dutiful fon to an obdurate father roultl have made any imprcflion, Omiah hung lound his neck in all the feeming agony of a child try- ing to melt the heart of a rcliii'lant parent. He twined his arms roundhiin with the ardour of inviolable fricnd- (hio, till Capuin Cook, unable any longer to contain himfelf, broke from him, ami retired to his cabin, t« indulge that natural fympathy which he could not rc- fjft, leaving Omiah to dry up his teart, and compofc hiinfdf on the Quarter deck. On his return, he rea- foncd with hii friend, upon the impropriety of his re- qucfti reminding him of his anxietiea while in Eng- land, left he (hould nevermore have been permitted l<» return home » and now that he had been reftored to hia friends and country, at a great cxpcnce to his royal mafter, it was childifti to cnwrtain a notion of being carried back. Omiah renewed his tears and faid, he had indeed wiftied to fee bis country and friends j but havirtg fecn them he wm contented, and would never long for home again. Captain Cook aflurcd him of his bcft wiihes, but his inftruftions mud be obeyed, which were to leave him with his friends. Such was the parting fcene between Omiah and his patron; nor were the two New Zealand boys under lefs concern to leave us than Omiah. They had already learned to fi)i'ak tngiifti enough to exprefs their hopes and their fi.ars. '1 ney hoped to have gone along with the fliips, and cried bitterly when they undetftood they were to be Icit behind. Thence arofe a new fcene between Oniiah and hisfervants, that, had not the otticers on thft quarterdeck interpofcd, might have ended unfortu- nately for the former 1 for they rcfufed to quit the ftiip, till they were compelled to it bv force, which would have been no eafy nutter, the eldcfl, near lixtecn, be- ing of an athletic make; and the youngcft, about ele- ven, a giant of his age. They were both tradlable and obliging, till they found they were to be left at Hua- hcine, Dut. knowing this at our departure from that place, they grew delperatc till fubdued. They difco- vered dilpmitJons the very reverfe of the inand>.'rs, among whom they were dclUned t« abide during the remainder of their lives; and, indeadofa mean, timid fubmiiTion. ihey (hewed a manly determined refolution not to be fubdued, though overcome; and ready, if there had been a pofllbility to fucceed, to have made a jlkond or even third attempt to have regained their li- berty. We could never learn Capuin Coak's rcafon, for refufing to take on board fome of thofc gallant ycuths from New Zealand, who, no doubt, would have nude ufeiiil hands in the high latitudes we were about to explosc. and would be&des have been living exhibi- tions of a people, whofe portraits have been imperfectly depidled even by our bcft draughtfmen. There is a da^ntlef8 fiercenefs in the eyes and countenance of a New Z^ealand warrior, which the pencil of the mod eminent artift cannot imitate; and we lament the non- importation oS a 'Mtive from every climate, where na- ture had marked a vifible didinif^ion in the charaders of pcrfoD and mind. Having bid farewel to Omiah, he was accompanied by Mr. Kinir in the boat, who in- formed ua, he had wept all the time he was going aihore. Though we had now, to our great fatisfa&ion, brought Omiah lafe back to the very (pot from whence he was taken, it i* probable we left him in a fituation lefs dc- rirabte than that which he was in before his connedlion withui: not that, having taded the comforts of civi- lized life, he muft become rkhv wretched from being obliged to relinquilh all thoughts of continuing them, but merely bec^ufc. the advantages he received nom us. have placed him in a more basardous finiation. with re- fpcd to his perfonal Afctjr. From being {peatly ca- cefled in Englanc^ he had loft fight of his prnnaiy con- dition, and did not coniider in what manner hit k7> quifiiions, either of knowledge, or of wcaltJi. would be edimatcd bv his countrymen, at his rett*n. which were the only tnings whtirhy he could recommend hiin« fcif to them now, more than before, and on which ha could lay the foundation either of his future greatneft or happmefs. He appeared to have, in fome meafurtf forgotten their cullonM in this reA>e<^t, and even to have midakcn their genius; ocherwile he mud have bent convinced of the extreme difficulty he would find in getting hiiiifelf admitted as a man of rank, whcra there is fcarcely a lingle indancc of a pcrfun's being raifed from an inferior llation evenby the Breatdl me- rit. Rank feems to be the foundation of all power Mfi4 didindtion here, and is fo pcrtinacioully adhered to. that, unkTs a perfon has fome degree of it, he will b« contemned and hated, if he pretends to exercife anjr authority. This was really the cafe, in fome degree, with Omiah; though his countrymen were rather cai»- tious in exprelTing their fcntimcnts while we continued amoiwtheni. Neverthclefs, had he made a proper ufeof the prefents he brought with him from Great Britain, this, with the knowledge he had gained by tra- velling, might have enabled him to have formed the mod advantageous coniic(ttions : but he exhibited too many proofs of a weak inattention to this obvious means of promoting his intered. He had formed fchemes of a higher nature, perhaps, with more truth, it may be faid, meaner; for revenge, rather than a de- fire of greatnefs, appeared to influence him from the beginning. Ills father was, certainly, a man of con- fxKrable property in Ulietea, when that ifland was fub- dued by the inhabitants of Bolabola, and with many others, fled for refuge to Huaheinr, where he died, and left Omiah. with feveral other children, who thus be- came entirely dependent. In this lituation Oiptain Furneaux took him up, and brought him to England. Whether he eXpciiied, from the treatment he there iiKt with, that any alTidancc would be afforded him againd the enemies of his father and his 'country ; or whether he had the vanity to fuppofe, that his own fupcriority of knowledge, and perfonal courage, would be fuflicient to difpoflcfsthc conquirors of Ulietea, is uncertain; but. from the very commencement of the voyage, this was l)is condant topic. He would not pay any attention to our remondrances on fuch an inconlideratc detcrmi^ nation, but was difpleafcd, whenever more reafonable counfels were propofcd for his benefit. N:y, he was fb ridi6uloufly attached to his favourite fcheme, that he affeded to believe the Bolabolans would ceruinly c^uit the conquered ifland, as foon as they diould have in- telligence of his arrival in Otaht untry, that he was inclined to have remained at Tongat boo, under the protection of his friend Feenou. At tt tfe idands he fquandered away a confidcrable part of hi. European treafure; and he was equalfy imprudent at O. theite, till Captain Cook put a dop to his profufion. 1 le alio formed fuch improper connedions there, that Oioo. though at tird difpofed to countenance him. afterwards exprediKl openly his dif- approbation of his condud. He might, however, have recovered the favour of that chief, and have fettled, to great advantage, in Otahcite, as he had formerly lived fome years there, and was now honoured with the nq- tice of Towha, whofc valuable prefent of a large double canoe has been already mentioned. But he continued undetermined to the lad, and probably would not have adopted the plan of fettlement in Huaheine, if Captain Cook had not fo pofitively reflifed to employ force io redoring him to the pofTeflion of his father's property. Omiah's greated danger, in his prefent fituation, will arifcifrom the very imprudent declarations of his an- tipathy to the Bolabolans; for thofe people, from mo- tives of jealoufy, will undoubtedly endeavour to render him obnoxious to the inhabitants of Huaheinc; and as they are now at peace with that ifland, they may eafily accomplidi tlieir ddigns. This circumdance he might, with i •• % M 5*4 Cifi.'C O O K'« V O Y A OES COMPLETE. W )l I II H ■1, W^ I •i'i* iil. -VitK f^rrat rafr, havr avoided i lor (hry were not only Jrcefrom any averfioiun him, hiic the old rhicf, who •ii rnturedby the lutivei nf rhe Soriciy idandi, to Ix a -prioft, orno«1, even ortcredTo rrintUte him In hit fh- thct'i lanHi): btit he itercmpthrily rrfitCed thiti and, tb jihe very lafl, cnntinucd lixrd In hit rcfolution to em- brace the f\A opimrtunity of fatMlyinfi hii rev(np;e in -battle. To thin nc ii pcrhapi nm » little ftimiilaird by .the roat nf mail he hnni^^ht from I'.ngland i clothed in which, and furnidicti with lire armi, he idly ima^^inei he lliill be invmcibli'. Bii* the defert* in Oihiah'i rharac'icr were contiilerably overh»Unced by his f{reat flnod nature, ami diH-ilc tniotnlileitifpoliiion. Cnntnin Cook, during the whole time he was with him, rdttom had ri-afon to be fcrioiiily difplcafcd with hi« aeneml «ondiK'L Huptratifulhrart ever retained the nigheft fenCe of the (avouri conferred on him in blnglandi nor .will he ever be uninindriil of thofe w^o honoured him while in that l(incdoin, with their fricidlliip and prd- teiflion. 'Ihougn he had a tolerable fliare of undcr- ■ftanding, he Iheucd little application and perfeverance rinrxcrtinc; it, fu that he had but n general and imper- fed knowledge of things. He wai not a man much ufcd to obfervaiion i otiicrwirc, he might have conveyed ■to his native country many elegant nmufements, and ufeful arts, to be found among the Friendly Iflandersi "but we never peiceiveii. that he endeavoiired to make himlilt malicr ol any one oi them. Such indifference ■ is, mdeed, thccharacieriflic foiMe o( his eountrymen. Though they have been vilited l)y iMiropeani, at timtrs, ■for thefe ten ycarii pM\, we routd not liifcern the (T^hteft ! -»cl\igeofany attempt trt profit by ihin interview, nor have ihey hitherto imitated iisbutin veryfewrefjTfifls. Itmiift ;rot, therefore, be expected, that Umiah will be ai)Ic to •intrcxluce among them many arts and cuftoms, or nuirh improve thole to which they have been familiarized bv long habit. We truH, however, that he will exert hfs endeavours to bring to pcrfedion the various fruits nftd ' vegetables th.it were planted by us, which will be rth ' 'fmallarquilition. I!ut the principal advantage theft: illands are likely to receive from the travels o(l)miah, will probably arife from the animals.that have been left upon them ; w hich, perhaps, they never would have ob- tained, if he had not come over to Kn^Iand. When /thefe multiply, Otalwite, and the Society Iflw) will xqual any place in the iviiown world, with refpcft to nrovilions. Omiah's return, and the fubifaiHlal propfs nc bad difplaycd of Britifli liberality, encouraged iriany •to offer themfelves as volunteers to accompany us to Prctannc ; but our Commodore took every opportunity of exprcliing his fixed determination to rejrit all api. plications of that kind : and Omiah, who was ambi- -tious of remaining the only grear traveller among them, being afraid the Commodore might be prevailed ■upon to place others in the &mc iituation, as rivals, fretiuently reminded him of the declaration of the Earl of Sandwich, that no others of his countrymen were to be carried to England. When the Captain was about to bid farcwel to Omiah, he gave him hit laft Jrlfons of innrudion how to ad: directing him' at the •fame time to fend his boat over to Ulietea, his native ifland.to let him know how the chiefc bchavetl to him in ■the abfencc of the (hips. If well, he was to fend by the •meirenger three white beads : if they feized upon hii Hock, or broke in upon his plantation, three reel beads: or if things remained juft aa we left them, he was to fend three fpott«d beads. ' As foon as the boat, in Which Omiah « iS conveyed afhorc, had returned, with the remainder of the haw- •fer, to the (hip, we lioil^cd her in, and flood over for iJlietca without delay. The next morning, being the 3d, wc made faiVround the fouthcm end of that ifland, for the harbour of Ohamaneno. We met with light airs and calms alternately, fo that at twelve o'clock wc ■ were Aill at the diilance of a league from the mouth of 4hc harbour; and while wc were thus deuincd, Oreo, •the chief of the ifland, with his fon and fon in law, came off to pay us a vifit All the boat* were now hoifted out, and fcnt a-hc-d to tow, bciiig afTifted by a flight fouthcrly breeze. This foon failing, ant) being 3 . (iifceeiled by an eafterlv one, which blew right out df rhehavbrtur, we were obliged to anchor at it* entrance, about two o'clock I*. M^ and to warp in, which eitt- Cloyed us till night. We were no fooner within the arbour, than our fhipt were furroundcd with cMndd, filled with the natives, who brought a fupply of fruit and hng^, which they exchanged lor our commnditiet. The following day, the Refolution was moored clufe to the northern lliorc, at the entrance of the harbour, and the Pifrovrry along fide the fuuthcrn Ihore. In the mean time; Captain Cook returned Oreo's vifit, and prefenrcd that chief with a red feathered cap from I'ongatalKio, a fliirt, a linen gown, and a (tw other things of lefs value. Oreo, and fome of his friends, then accompanied hint on boartl to dinner. On Thurfilay the 6th, we landed the remainder of our live Hock, fet up the obfcrvatoriet, and carried tha necdFary infhuments on fhore. The two fucceeding days, Captain Cook, Mr. King, and Mr. Bayley, ob- feived the fun's azimuths, botn on fliore and aboard, with all the compafles, inordertodifcoverthe variation. Nothing remarkable happened, till very early in the morning of Thurfday, the nth, when a fentinel, at the oblervatory, rtamcd John Harrifon, defertcd, taking with him his mulkct and at'coutrements. .\s foon as we had filmed intelligence which way he was gone, a party w as detached in learch of him 1 nut they returned in the evening w ithout fiiccefs. The next day the Cap- rariv applied to the chief concerning this affair, wno promiled to fend a party of the illandcrs after the fugi- tive,' and j^-^ve us hopes that he fhould be brought back in th-' courle of that day. This, however, ^ id nor hapjvn ; and we had reafon to imagine, that the thief hid taken no Heps to find hiia At this time a con- lider.ible number «f the natives were aboiit the fliips, and fe^■e^al thefts committed, the confequtnccs Of which being apprehended by them, very few came to vifit us the next morning. C3rc6 himfelf cliught the «lar»ii, and Hed with his whole family. Captain Cook coiWidenNl this as a good opportunity to infift upon their delivering up the deferter; and having heard he was at a place called Halnoa, fit'uate on the other fide of the ifland, he rep:iired thither with two armed boats, at- tended by a native. In our way, we met with the chief, who embarked with us. The Captain, with a few of his men, landing about a mile and a half from the'fpot, marched up to 11 with great expedition. Icfl the fight of the boats fliould give the alarm, and allow the offender fullicient time tocfcapc to the mountains. This pre- caution proved unnecelfaryi for the natives of that paa of the ifland having obtained information of the Captain's approach, were prepared to deliver the de- ferter. He was found with his mufket lying before him, feated betwixt two women, who, the intTant that the Captain entered the houfe, rofe up to plead in his vindication. As fuch proceedings deferved to be dif- couragcd. the Captain with a Hern look, bid them be gone i upon which they burfl into tears, and retired. Paha, the chief of that diftrid, now came with a fuck- ing pig, and a plantain-tree, which he wjis on the point of prefenting to Captain Cook, as a pcacc-olTering, whorejeded it| aiwl having ordered the chief to quit his prefence, embarked witn Harrifon in one of the boats, and returned to the fltips. After this, harmony was fjjeedlly reftored. The delinquent made no other excule for his condud, than that the natives had en- ticed him away ; which perhaps was in a^ great mea- fure h"uc, as Paha, and the two women above-mentioned, had been at the fhip the day before his defertion. As he had remained upon his pofl till within a few minutes of time in which he was to have been relieved by ano- ther, the puniftiment he received was not very fever*. About a fortnight after we had arrived at Ulietea, Omiah difpatched two of his people in a canoe, with intelligence, that he continued undiflurbed by the in- habitants of Huaheine, and that even thing lucceeded with him, except that his goat had died m kidding. This information was accompanied with a re^ueft. that Captain Cook would fend him another goat, and aUb two axes, fleafcd with this additional opportunity of fcrving Ilgtit out 6( I which em- within th« kith ctiniwi, Iply of fruit linmoditici. noorcii clulie pc harbour, 1 Ihorc. Ill )'« vifit, and 1 cip from ftw other Ihii frirndi, bmaindcr of carried tha fucceeding !Jaylcjr, oh- knd aboard, f»c variation, barly in the Jitinel, at the ftrd, taking As foon at [wa« gone, a ley returned \*y the Cap- affair, who ter the fiigi- rought hack ^er, did nor at the ehief time acon- lut the fliips, ■qui- aces 01' few came to ctiiight the ajjrain Cook rt upon their rd he wu at fide of the xl boats, at- rith the chief, ith a few of t)m the'fpot, 1 the light of the of^nder This pre- ives of that ation of the liver the de- lying before inltant that plead in hit xl to be dif- bid them be and retired, with a fuck- on the point »ce-offering, :hlef to quit one of the is, harmony ide no other vcs hadcn- grcat mea- -mentioncd, fertion. As few minutes vcdby ano- very feven. at Uiictca, canoe, with I bythe in- ig (ucceeded m kidding, re^ueft, that Mt, and aUb •portainity of fcrving COOKi 'IIIIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To tlic l'A( IMC OCKAN, &t. 505 fcrving hiifrieml, the Oiptain fenl lw< k thr niciringcr to I luaheinc, on the 1 Hth. with thr axes, and a m ilc uiid fenmic kid. On Wedncfday, the igth, our i omii.indcr of hii Majcfty'slhip.thc Kcfolution, iklivcuil to Cap- lain Clerke hit inftruCUont how to pr»)Cfn, lituati d as near the Tea toaft as pollible, the better to enable {ou to fee me, when I may appear in the oiling. Should not join you befoie the irt of next April, you are to put to fea, and to proceed northw ard to the latitude of 56 deg. in which, and at a con\\:nieiit tiiilance from the coait, never exceeding 1 5 kanucs, you are to crui/e for me till the 10th of May. Not feeing me at that time, you are to procecil northwud, and endeavour to find a paflageinto the Atlantic Ocean, through Hudfon's or Baifin's Bays, at dircded by the above-mentioned inftruiflions. " But if you fhould fail in finding a paffagc through either of the faid Bays, or by any other way, as the fea- lonof the year may render it unfifc lor you to remain in high latitudes, you arc to repair to the harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul, in Kamptfchatka, in order to rcfrefli your people, and to pafs the winter. Nevcr- thelefs, if you hnd, that you cannot procure the ne- cclfary refreflimcnts, at the faid port, you are at liberty to go where you (hall think proper; taking care before you depart to leave with the governor an account of your intended dcnination, to h« delivered to me upon my arrival : and in the fpring of the cnfuiiig year, 1 779, you arc to repair back to the above-mentioned port, en- deavouring to be there by the lOth of May, or fooncr. If on your arrival, you receive no orders fioin, or ac- count of me, fo as tojufliiy your purfuing any other meafures than what are pointed out in the before men- tioned inftrujflions, your future proceedings are to be governed by them. You are alfo to comply with fucb parts of the faid inftnicf ions, as have not been . ^'- cuted, and are not contrary to thefe orders. >* • . i in cafe of your inability, by ficknefs.orother if, to carry thefe, and the inllrudions of their lordlhips into execu- tion, you are to be careful to leave them with the next officer in command, who is hctcliy required to execute them in the bell manner he can." On Monday the a4th, in the morning, Mr. M— — , midfliipman, and the gunner's mate, two of the Dif- covery's people, were milling. They had embarked in a canoe, with two of their Otaheitean milfes, the preceding night, and were now at the other end of the ifland. At the midfhipman had cxprefled a dcfire of continuing at one of the Society Iflands, it was ex- tremely probable, that he and his companion had gone oft' with that intent. Captain Clerke therefore, with tyg armed boats, and a detachment of marines, fet No. 6a, W •Hit in qucH of the fiigitivn, hit return^ J in the even* ing without fucrefs. rroni the iK-havioui ol the illand* irs, he was of opinion, that thry ind nded to conrral the drfertrr«i and, with thin view had (K-< rived him with fall'e infiirmation directing him to feek lor iluin whire they (ould not W' found, I le w,ii not tnillukeni lor, the next iii(»rning, iiitclh);rni r wni brmij-ht, that the two ruiwwa\si were in the illc of Otah.i, with a view to continue their courfe to Otaheite, ai loon as thry had fiirnilhed thenifelves with provilions lor lie voya|{C. Thefe not Iwing the only perfons in the (lups who wer< delirous of remaining at thefe favourite iflands, it wai ni-ceffarv, in order to give an ellVitttial dil'< ouragcment to any lurthcr defertion, to recover them at all events. Ca(Main Cook, therefore, determined to go in purfuitof them himfcll, having obferved that the natives fcldom attemoteil to amule him with falfc information. He accoraintrly fct out with two armed boats, aci oinpanieJ by Oreo nimlVlf. They proceeded, without lloppingal any phip, til! they came to the e.-'llrrn lide ol Otaha, where thiy put amorci and the chief difpatthed a mail before him, with orders tofci/e the fugitives, and keep them till theCap'ain and his attendants llioutd arrive with the boats : but when arrived at the place where they expc 'ted to (in. I them, they were injonncd, ilut they hi'l (jiiitied the ill.iml, and procei'ilid tj Hola- bolaihf'Ur before. The Claptain, not cl.ufmg to fol- low thiiiiil-.ither, icturncd to the fliips, with a full de- terminarion t.) hast-recourfeto a mcafiire, whirhhe had ivafoi) to Uclie^e would (onitx! the natives to rclloiU- them On VVedncfdiy the uth, foon after day-break, Oreo, -itli his fon, daiight'-' and fon-in-law, having come 1. boar 1 the Rofolutio' the Commodore refolved todeiai t the th-''c lalV, 1 'i ourdefertcrslliould bedeliver- eil up. With this view I'aptain Clerke invited them on board his Ihip; md, loon as they had entered hii cabin, a frntinei was t/iaced at the door and the win- dow ferured. Thi /locccdinf ratly I' prized thcmi and Captain Cltjrke having ex ■ '.incd tlij realbn of it, they burif into tears, and U:. , \ he would not kill them. I Ic proteded he wi .id nor, and that the mo- ment his people •"■re Hnwijint i>ack, the; ^lould be re- leafeil. This, 1- -vi r, did not remo :ir uneafy apprehcnfioiis, ; 'id th •• bewailed theii cfpcLled fate in lilent forrow. The ^^^iiief being with Captain C 'ok when he received intelligence of this allair, inentii" '! it immediately to him, imagining that this Aep ha > lieen taken without his knowledge and approbation. The Captain inftani'y umleceived him; and then he began to entertain a fear with refpccl to his own perfonal faftty.and his ctenance indicated the greatefl per- turbation of mind ; but the Captain foon quieted his fears, by telling him, that he was at liberty to quit the (hip whenever he chofc, and to take fuch lUps towards the recovery of our two men, as he fliould judge Iwfl calculated for that purpofe; and that, if he Ihoiild meet with fucr:rf^;, his friencls.on board the Dillovcry, lliould be releafed from their confinement: if not, that they fhnuld be carried away with us. The Captain added, ■ the chief's condudl, as well as that of many of , .4 countrymen, in not only aflifting thefe two men in making their efrape, but in endeavouring, at this very time, to prevail upon others to follow them, would jjlt tify any meafurc that lliould ferve to put a flop to fuch proceedings. All this was done, as we have already hinted, to intcreft the people of the ifland in the pur- fuit after the fugitives, and, to this end. the Captain promifcd a reward of latgc axes, and other valuable articles, to any of the natives who fliould be inflru- mental in apprehending and bringing them back. The confinement of part ol the royal family might fecm hard ufage, yet it had its cffea,and without this ftcady refolutc proceeding the dcferters would never have been recovered. The boats of the Difcovcry went day after day to all the adjoining iflands. without being able to learn the leaft trace of them ; and this they continued, till having fcarched every ifland within thediftance of two days fail, they were obliged to give over any far- ther fearch, as fruitlefs. The explanation of the moi- tivcs upon which Captain Cook aCfed, fcemed to re- .Ijit ■*, ■' . ra 6 M move. v.: \ I 506 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. It i! IC'i jr ■ i!i w\ , I ,r ii.: ' I move, in a great degree, that general conflcrnation into which Oreo, and his people prefint, were at full thrown. But, though relieved from ail apprehenfions with regard to their own fafcty.they were ftill under the deeped concern for the prifoners in the Difcovcry. Numbers of them went under the Hern of the Ihip, in canoes, and lamented their captivity with long and loud exclamations. The name of Foedooa (which was that of Oreo's daughter) refoundcd from every quarter; and the women not only m;>de a moft difmal howling, but ftruck their bolbms, and cut their heads with (harks teeth, which occalioned a confiderabic etrulion of blomi. The chief now difpatched a canoe to Bolabola, with a melTage to Opoany, king of that ifland, informing him of what had happened, and requefting him to fcizc the two dcfcrters, and fend them back. 'J'he mcircngcr, w ho was tlic father of Oreo's fon.in-law Pootoc, came to receive the Captain's commands be- fore his departure; whoftriolly enjoined him not to return without the fuj^itivcs, and to tell Opoony, from him, that, if they had left the illeof Bolabola, he mull fend canoes in purfuit of thcin. But the impatient na- tives, not thinkint; proper to trufl to the return of our people for the releafe of the prifoners, were induced to meditate an attempt, which, if it had not been pre- vented, might have involved them in ftill greater dif- trefs. Between five and (ix o'clock. Captain Cook, who was then on (liore, abrcaft of the fliip, obfervcd all their canoes, in and about the harbour, began to inovcotV. Heenqiiired, in vain, for the caufcot this; till fomc of our people, calling to us froni the Difco- vcry, informed us, that a body of the iflandcrs had fcized Captain Clerke and Mr. Gore, as they were walk- ing at a fmall diftanre from the iliips. The Commo- dore, ftruck with the boldncfs of this fcheine of reta- liation, which feenied to counteract him in his own way, inllantly commanded his people to arm ; and, in a liew minutes, a (Irong party, under the condud of Mr. King, were fent to the refcuc of the twe gentlemen. At the fame time two armed boats, and a party, under Mr. Williamfon, were difpatched, to intercept the fly- ing canoes in their retreat to thcfliorc. Thefe det-ich- incnts had fcarcely gone out of fight, when intelligence arrived, which convinced us wc had been miltnformed ; and they were immediately, in confequence of this, called in. However, it .ippcared from fcvcral corro- borating particulars, that the natives had adlually formed the defign of fcizing Captain Clerke; and they even made no iccret in fpeaking of it the following day. But the principal part of the plan of their ope- rations was to have fecured the perfon of Captain Cook. He was accuftomed to bathe every evening in the frcfh water; on which occafions he frequently went alone, and was unarmed. Expcding him to go this evening, asufual, they had rcfolved upon feizing him, and Captain Clerke likewife, if he had accompanied him. But our Commander, after confining the chief's £imily, had taken care to avoid putting himfelf in their power; and had cautioned Capuin Clerke and the oflicers, not to go to any confiderabic diilancc from the ihips. Oreo, in the courfc of the afternoon, afked our Commodore, three or four times, if he would not goto the bathing place; till at Ipngth finding that the Captain could not be prevailed upon, he retired, with his people, notwithfianding all our intreaties to the contrary. Having no fufpicion, at thit time, of their defign. Captain Cook imagined, that a fudden panic had fcized them, which would be foon over. Being difappointed with rcfpe(fl to him, they fixed upon thofc whom they thought more in their power. It was a fortunate circumuancc that they did not fuccced in their defign, and that no mifchief was done on the occafion 1 no mudtets bcine fired, except two or three to flop the canoes ; to which firing, perhaps Captain Clerke and ^r. Gore owed their fafety ; but Mr. King afcribcs Ihis to the Captain's walking with a piftol in his hand. which, he fays, he once fired; at which time a party of the iflanders, armed with clubs, were marching to- wards them, butdifperfed on hearing the report of the mufkets. This confpiracv was firft difcovered by A girl, who had been brought from Huaheine by one of our officers. Happening to overhear fome of the Ulieteans fay, that they would feize Capuin Clerke and Mr. (iorc, flie immediately ran to acquaint the firfl of our p«ople that Ihe met with the defign. Thofc whd had been intruded with the execution of the plan^ threatened to put her to death, u foon as wc fhould quit Ulietea, for difappointing them. Being aware of this, wc contrived that the girFs friends fhould cor;.e a day or two afterwards, and uke her out of the fhip, to convey her to a place where fhe might rinuin concealed. till an opportunity fhould offer for tier efcaping to Hua- heine. On Thurfday the 27th, the tents were flruck, the oblervatories took down, which, with the live dock, w ere brought on board the fliips. We then unmoored, and moved a little way down the harbour, where we an- chored again, in the afternoon, the natives gathered round, and came on board our diips, as ufual. One party acquainted Captain Cook, that the fugitives were found, and that in a few days they would be brought back, requefting at the fame time the releafe of the pri- foners. But the Captain paid no regard to either their inforniatioo or petition; on the contrary, he renewed his threatninirs, which he declared he would put in exe- cution, it the men were not delivered up. In the fucceed- insj; night the w ind blew in hard fquails. which wereac- coiiipanied with heavy lliowers of rain. In one of thcfc fquails, the cable whereby the Refolution was rid- ing at anchor, parted; but as we had another ready to let g(», the fliip was quickly brought up again. On the 29th, having received no account from Bolabola. Oreo fet out for that illand, in fearch after the defert- ers, deliring Captain Cook to follow him, the next day, with the ftiips. This was the Captain's intention; but the wind prevented our getting to fea. On the 30th, alwut five o'clock, P. M. a number of canoes were feen, at a diftance, making towards the fliips ; and as they ap- proached nearer wc heard them fing and rejoice, as if they had futcceded in finding what they went in fearcli of. About fix, they came fo nigh, that wc could dif^ ccrn, with our glaflcs, the deferters fadcned toge- ther, but without their iniflTes. They were no fooner brought on boanl. than the royal prifoners were releal'- ed, to the unfpeakablc joy of all but the two fugitives, who were under great apprehenfions of fulfering death. Their punilhment, however, was not fo fevere as might have been cxpecled. S — — was fentenced to receive 24 lafhcs, and M was turned before the mad, where he continued to do duty while there was little or nothing to do ; but on aflcing forgivenefs, was reftored to his former dation on the quarter deck. \t appeared that their purfuers had followed them from one ifland to another from Ulietea to Otaha. from Otaha to Bolabola, from Bolabola to the little ifland of Too- bace, where they w ere found, but where we never fhould have looked for them, had not the natives traced them out. They were taken by Pootoe's &ther, in confequence of the fird mefTage fent to Opoony. On the I d of December, notice was given to the Ota- heitean mifllcs, that they mud al| prepare to depart, the fliips being in readinefs to leave the country, and, per>t haps, never to return to the Society Iflands any more. This news caufed great lamentation and much confu- fion. They were now at a great difbmce from home, and every one was eager to get what fhe could for her- felf before fhe was parted from her beloved. Mofl of them had already dript their mates of ainwfl every thing they pofTefled. and thofc who had ftiU fonwthing in referve led a fad life till they fhared it with them. It was not till the 7th, to which tinte we were confined in the harbour by a contrary wind, that we could cleaf th« Ihipi of tiieie troublelbfiv gentry. I CHAP.' .11 <: COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PAOFIC OCEAN, &c. 5^7 > party of arching to> eport of the vered by i le by one of mc of the Gierke and the firft of Thofc who the plan^ we fliould f uU aware of ici convf: a the fliip, to n concealed, ing to Hua- flruck, the live (lock, unmoored, here wc an- es gathered ufual. One gitivcs were be brought feofthepri- eithcr their he renewed 1 put in cxe- tne fuccccd- lich were ac- In one of ion was rid- )cr ready to again. On )m Bolabola. the dcfcrt- the next day, Centions but >n the 30th, cs were fecn, d as they ap- rejoice, aa if ent in fcarch e could dif- ilcncd toge. :rc no fooncr 1 were relcaf. vo fugitives, of fulTering not fo fevcre 'as fentcnced ed before the ilc there was ;ivencfs, was cr deck. It I them from , from Otaha ind of Too- never ftiould traced them confcquence n to the Ota. o depart, the y, and, per, » any more, nuch confu- from home, uld for her- d. Mod of ilnwd every U fomething : with them, ere confined could cleat CHAP.' C H A P. IX. The Refolutim and Difcmery leave Ulielea, and direH tbeir cmrfe to the i/laiid of Bolabok— Remarks oh the frejent and former ftale of U/ielea—'TheJlips arrive at Bolabola, with Oreo and others — Captain Cook affiles to Opoony for Monf. Baufaitrville's anchor — Reafotis for purcbafing it — Tbry quit the Society //lands— Bolabola and its harlmr de/cribcd — Bravery of its inhabitants — Hijiorical account oftltc rediiliton of Otaha and Ulielea — Animals left at the above ijlands— Method of faltittg pork for the ufe of the fbips—Curfory remarks refpeSling Otahcite and the Society Ijlands — Additional ftrilturcs to Ihefortner accounts of Olabeitc, by Mr. Anderfon—Of the country in general — Product ions— Natural biftory —DffiriplioH of the natives — Iheir language — Diet — Liftors— Different vicals'—Comief/ions between the fwo frxes—- Their cufioms—Syftcm of religion — Superjlitiotis— Traditions — An hiJlorical Irjicnd — Of the regiil dignity — Diftinllions of rank, and puniJmneHli- -/Wuliaritirs belonging to the adjacent ijlands — Their namrs and thofe of their (rods — Limits of their Navigation — The Rrfoltilion and Difcovery prepare for failing to the North, in quell of the grand and principal objeH of this voyage — A curious geographical and hijiorical defer ipl ion of the iiortb-'xejl parts of North America, and of the mojl remarkable ijlands fit iialed north of the I'acijic Ocean, and in the Eajlern Sea. SUNDAY, the 7th of December, at eight o'clock A. M. wc weighed and made fail with a light breeze at the north-eall point. During the preceding week, we had been vifitcd by pcrfons from all quarters of the ifland, who aHtorded us a plentiful fupply of hogs ana green plantains, fo that the time wc remained wind-bound in the harbour was not totally loft j for green plantains are an excellent fucccdancum for bread, and will keep good for two or three weeks. Beftdcs being furniflicd with there provifions, wc alfo took in plenty of wood and water. The Ulicttans appiarcd to be in general fnwllcr, ami blacker than the niUivcs of the adjacent iflands, and feemcd alio lefs orderly, which may, perhaps, be owing to their having become fubjeds to the inhabitants of Bolabola. Oreo, their chief, is only a kind of deputy to the Bolabolan monarch ; and the conqueft feems to have diminiihed the number of fubordinate chiefs refident among them : they are, therefore, lefs under the immediate eye of thofe whofe interert it is to enforce a proper obedience. Though Ulietea is now reduced to this humiliating flatc of dependence, it was formerly, as we were in- formed, the moft eminent of this group of iflands, and, probably, the firft feat of government, for the prcfent royal family of Otaheite derives irs defccnt from that which ruled here before the late revolution. The de- throned king of Ulietea, whofe nnme is Ooroo, refides at Huahcine, furnifliing, in his own perfon, an inftance aot only of the inftability of power, but alfo of the refpect paid by thefe iflandcrs to particular families of princely rank ; for they allow Ooroo to retain all the cnligns which arc appropriated by them to royalty, notwithftanding hts having been deprived of his do- minions. We obferved a fimihir inftancc to this du- ring our flay at Ulietea, where one of our occafional vilitants was Captain Cook's old friend Oree, late chief of Hu.iheine. He ftill maintained his confequence, and was conftantly attended by a numerous retinue. Wc now had a briflc wind, and dircl •M;' fi 508 Capt. C O O K 's VOYAGES C () M l» L E T E. Il;; I* I i i •■ I*' 1:11 4: ll'.i the fca, like the other illands of this ocean, are covered with cocoa-palms and bread-fruit trees. There arc many little iHots that furround it, which add td the number of its inhabitants, and to the amount of its vegetable produdions. ConCulcring the fmall extent of Bolabola, being only I4 miles in circumference, it is remarkable that its pceen able to conquer Ulietea and Otaha; the former being alone more than double its (1/c. In each of Captain Cook's three voyages, the war that produced this great revo- lution was frequently mentioned ; and as the hiftory , thereof may be an agreeable entertainment to our fub- fcribers, wc ftwll here give it as related by themfelves. Ulietea and Otaha had long been friends j or, as the natives exprefs it emphatically, they were conlldercd as two brothers, whofc views and interclh were the fame. The ifland of Huaheine was alfo admitted as a friend, but not in fo eminent a degree. .Like a traitor, Otaha leagued with Bdhbola, jointly to attack Ulietea ; whofc people required the aHillancc of their friends in Hua- neinc againlt thcfe united powers. The inhabitants of Bolabola were encouraged by a prophctcfs, who pre- dicted their fuccefs ; and that they might rely on her prophecy, llie dcfircd that a man fliobid be fent to a particular part of the fea, where from a great depth would arifc a Hone. He was accordingly lent off in a canoe to the place fpcciticd, and was going inllantly to dive for the llonc. w hen, behold, it flartcd up fpon- tancoiifly to the firface, and came immediately into his hand ! All the people were aftoniflied at the fight ; the ftone was (iecnuil facred, and depolited in the houfe of the l£atoi)a, where it is llill prcfcrved, as a proof that this prophetefs was infpircd with the divinity. Ele- vated with the hopes of vidory, the canoes of Bola- bola attacked thofc of Ulietea and Huaheine j the encounter Lifted long, they being laflicd (Irongly to- gether with ropes ; and, notwithftaniiing the pre- tended miracle, the Bolabola fleet would have been vanquilhed, had not that of Otaha arrived at the critical moment. The fortune of the day was now turned ; viiflorv declared in favour of the Bolubolans ; and their enemies were totally defeated. Two days after, the conquerors inwided Hu.iheine, which tbey fubtlued, it being weaklv delcndcd, as moft of its warriors were then .ibfent. Many of its fugitives, however, having pot to Otahcite, thcic related their melancholy talc. This fo atfccicd thofe of their own country, and of Ulietea, whom they found in th.it illaml, that they oinained tl cir aliill'ance. They were furniflied with only ten fighting canoes ; w ith which inconfidcrabie force tluv ell'eeted a landing at Huaheine in the night; and, Likiiig the Bolabola men by furprize, killed many ot tlicm, and difpcrfed the reft. Thus were they again, by one bold effort, poffelled of their own ifland, whirl) at this d.iy remains independent, and is governed by its own chiefs. When the combined fleets of Ulietea and 1 luaheine were dt feated, the men of Bo. labolawcic applied to by their allies of Otaha, to be allowed an equal ftiare of the conquefts. This being refufcd, the alliance broke; and, during the war, Otaha was conquered, as well .is Ulietea, both of which remain fubjccl to lk)l:\b()la: the chiefs by whom they are go\erned, being only deputies to Opoony, the ki ^ nf the iftands. Such is their account of the war ; and in the reduction of the two iflands five battles were Ibught, at different plates, in which great numbers were killed on each iide. VVe have alrc.idy obfcrved, that thefe people are extremel) delicient in retolleding the exact dates of •uart evenis. Relpeaing this war, though it happened but a few years ago, wc could only guefs at the time of its commencement and duration, the natives not being able to fatisfy our enquiries with any precifion. The final ':-oiKHicft "f Ulietea, which terminated the war, • tiad been auhitvcd before Captain Cook was there in 1769; but it was very apparent that peace had not been long rcftored, ;.» marks of recent hoftilities having been commitied were then to be fcen. By attending to the age of rcercetarcea, the prefent chief of Hua- Jieinc, fouic additional collateral proof may be jjathcrcd. He did not appear to be more than ten or twelve years of age, and his father, we were in(i>rmcd, had been killed in one of the engagements. Since the conqueft of Ulietea and Otaha, the Bolabola men are conlldercd as invincible; and their fame is fo far ex- tended, that, even at Otahcite, if not dreaded, they arc refpedted for their valour. It is alFcrted, they never fly from an cnen>y, and that they arc vidlorious «gain(l an equal number of the other iflanders. Thefe afcribe much to the fuperiority of their got!, who, they believed, detained us by contrary winds at Ulietea. The efti- mation in which the Bolabola men arc held ar Ota- hcite, may be gathered fro.^^ M. dc Bougainville's anchor having been fent to their fovereign. The intention of tranfpcrting the Spanifli bull to their ifland, muft be alcribed to the fame caufc. They alfo had a third European curiofity, brought to Otahcite by the Spaniards. This animal had liecn fo impcr- fedlly defcribed by the natives, that we had been much puzzled to coniei?hire what it could be. Some good, however, generally fprings up out of evil. When Captain Clerke's dclcrters were brought back from Bolabola, they told u> the animal had been (hewn to them, and that it was a ram. Had our men not defcrted, it is probable wc ftiould never have known more about it. In confequence of this intelligence, the Captain, when he landed to meet Opoony, took an ewe with him in the boat, of the Cape of Gooil Hope breed, whereby a foundation is laid for a breed of ftieep at Bolabola. I le alfo left with Oreo, at Ulietea, two goats, and an Englifti boar and fow : fo that the race of hops will be conlideralily improved, in a few years, at Otahcite. and all the neighbouring iflands ; and they will, perhaps, be ftocked with many valuable European animals. When this is really the cafe, thefe iflands will be unrivalled in abundance and va- riety of refreftimcnts for the fupply of future navi- gators. Even in their prefent ftate, they are hardly to be excelled. When the inhabitants are not dillurbed by inteftinc broils, which has been the cafe for fevcral years paft, their productions arc numerous and plenti- ful. Had we been poflcflcd of a greater affortment of goods, and a proper quantity of fait, we might have Hiltcd as much -park as would have txen fulficient to laft both fliips almoft a year : but wc quite cxhaufted our trading commodities at the Friendly Ifles.Otaheite, and its neighbourhood. Our axes, in particular, were nearly gone, with which, alone, hogs were, in general, to be purchafcd. The fait that remained aboard was not more than was requifitc for curing i ^ puncheons of meat. The following proccfs of curing pork has been adopted by Captain Cxwk in his fevcral voyages. I'he hogs were kilted in the evening; and, when cleaned, they were cut up ; after which the bone was taken out. The meat was falted while hot, and laid in fuch a manner as to permit the juices to drain from it, till the next morning: it was then falted again, put into a cafl<, and covered with pickle. It remained, in this fituation, four or Ave days, when it was taken our, and carefully examined ; and if any of it api>eared to be in the leaft tainted, which fometimcs happened, it was feparated from the reft, which was repacked, headed up, and tilled with good pickle. It was again examined in about eight or ten days time, but there appeared no necefllty tor it, as it was generally found to t>e all {Krfcdtly cured. Bay and white fait mixed to- gether anfw era the beft, though either of them will do alone. Great care was taken that none of the large blood-vefl'els remained in the meat ; and that not too much thould be packed together at the tirft (aiting, left thofc pieces which are in the middle thould heat, and hinder the fait from penetrating them. In tropi- cal climates, meat ought not to Ix tahed in rainy fultry weather. Europeans having ot late fo frequently vilitcd thefe iflanders, thry may, on that account, have been induced to breed a larger itock of hogs ; knowing that, whenever we come, they may be ceruin of re- ceiving what they efteem a valuable confideration for them. They daily cxpcd the Spaniards at Otatieite, and COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACII IC OCfc:A^I, 6tc. sec; and in wo or three years time, they will doubtlcfs expeC> the Englilh there, as well as at the other illamls. It 18 ufelefs to affure them that you will not return, for they fuppofe you cannot avoid it ; though none of thcin know or enquire the reafon of your cominj?. It would, perhaps, have been better for the people to have been igtwrant of our fuperiority in the accoinmo dations and arts that make life comfortable, than, after once knowing it, to be abandoned to their original incapacity of improvement. They cannot be, Indeed, reftored to their former happy mediocrity, ftiould the inteicourie between us be difcontinucd. It is in a nunner incumbent on the Euroj>cms to pay thciu occaflonal vifiu (onrc in three or lour )cars) to fupply them with thofe artcles, which we, by introducmg, have giwn them a prediledlion for. The want ot fuch Uipplies may be fcvercly felt, when it is too late to return to their old imperfedl contrivances, which they have now difcarded, and defpife. When the iron tools with which we fumifhed them are worn out, their own will be almoft forgotten. A ftonc hatchet is now a j great a curiofity among them, as an iron one was fevei; or eight years ago i and a chiflcl made of bune, or ftone, is no where to be feen. Spike nails have been fubhituted in the room of the latter articles, and they arc weak enough to imagine that their llore of them is incxhauftible, for they are no longer fought alter. Knives happened, at this time, to be in high efti- mation at IJlietea; and axes and hatchets bore un- rivalled fway at all the iflands. Refpcding articles merely ornamental, thefe iflandcrs are as capricious as the mod polilhed European nations; for an article which may be prized to-day will be rcje8ed to-morrow, as fafhion or whim may alter. But our iron imple- ments are fo evidently ufeful, that they mull continue to be high in their eftimation. They would indeed be miferablc, if they fliould ceafe to receive fupplies of what appears neccirary to their comfortable txillcnce, as they are dcflitute of the materials, and ignorant of the art of fabricating them. Much has already been related refpecling Otaheitc ; which though not comorehended in the numK-r of what we have denominated the Society Illand^, yet, being inhabited by the fame race of men, agrtiuig in the Mme leading features of character and manners, it was fortunate that we happened to difcovcr this prin- cipal ifland before the others, as the hofpitublc recep- tion we there met with, led us to make it the princiftal place of refort, in our fucceflive voyages to this pan of the Pacific Ocean. By our repeated vifus, we have had better opportunity of knowing fomething about it and its inhabitants, than about the other riinilar, but lefs conlidcrablc iflands in its vicinity. Of thefc latter, however, we have feen enough to fatisfy us, that alt we have obferved of Otaheitc may, with trifling alte- rations, be applied to them. During our continuance at thefe iflands, we lofl no opportunity of making aflronomical and nautical obfervations. At Otaheitc and Olietea we particularly remarked the tide, with a view of afcertaining its grandcfl rife at the former place. Alfo, by the mean of 145 fets of obfervations, we determined the latitude and longitude of the three following places. Mauvii Point, tt Ouhciie 17* tg' 1 ;" S.lit. xio* 12' 38' E.I0D. Owhuicharbout.ilHuihcine 16 41 4; 108 51 24 OhamSMm diito, M Ulieiea 16 45 30 -loi 15 ti It may be thought by fome, the ifland of Otaheitc has been already and fo often accurately dcfcribed, ■nd the manners, cufloms, and ways of living of the inhabitants, fo amply enlarged upon, in uur hillory of former voyages, that little remains to be added : but, there are ftitl, however, many parts of the domeflic, |)olitical. and religious inltitutionsof the natives, which, after all our viiits to them, are but imperfectly under- ' itood I and we doubt not, but that the tollou ing remarks, for which we are indebted to the ingenious Mr. Andcrfon. and which may be conlidered as linifli- ing llrokcs to a piifture, the outlines of which have been already givcOt will be highly acceptable to our No. 63. numcnxis friends and fubfcribers, who, oy their kind . enrouragi-nu-nt of this work, have given the llrongeU tclliiiiony in its favour. " To what has been obferved of Otaheitc (fays Mr. Anderfon) in the accounts of the fucceflive voyages of Captain Wallis, M. de Bougainville, and Captain <. ook, it would, at firft tight, teem fuperHuous to add ■ any thing ; as it might be fup|)ofed, that little could now be produced, but a repetition of what has been related before. I am, however, far from Ixing of that opinion : and will venture to afiirm, that, tnough a . very accurate dcfcription of the country, and ot the mofl obvious cufloms of its inhabijtants, hastxcnal-- ready given, cfpccially by Captain Cook, yet much flill remains untouched : that in fume inllances, mif- takcs have been made, which later and repeated obfervations have been able to redlify s and that, even now, we arc flrangcrs to many of the moll important inllitutioiis that prevail among thefe ]K:oplc. The truth is, our vifits, though frequent, have been but tranfient : many of us had no inclination to make en- quiries ; more were unable to direct the enquiries pro- perly ; and we all laboured, though not to the lame degree, under the difadvant.-igcs attending an impcrfecl knowledge of the language of thufc, from «honi alone we could reteivc any information. The Spaniards had it more in their power to lurmount this bar to in- ftrudtion; Ibiiie of them having relided at Otaheire much longer than any other European vilitoi s j by which fuperior advantage, they could not but have had- an opportunity of obtaining the fulleft information on moll fubjeCts relating to this ifland : their account of it would, probably, convey more authentic and accu. rate intelligence,- than, with our bell endeavours, any of us could pollibly obtain. But, as 1 look upon it to be very uncertain, if not very unlikely, that we lliould ever have any communication from that quarter, h have here put together what additional intelligence about Otaheitc, and its ncighlxiuring iflands, I was able to procure, either fromOmai, while on board the Ke- folution, or by converiing with the other natives, while we had any intercourfe, and were converfant with them. " The wind, for the greateflpart of the year, blows from between the E. S. E. and E. N. E. This is the tme trade wind, or what the natives call maaraee ; and it fomctimcs blows with conlidcrablc force. When this happens, the weather is often cloudy, with fliowcrs of rain ; but when the wind is more moderate, it is clear, fettled, and fercnc. Should the wind veer liuther to the foiithward, and Ik-comic S. E. or S. S. E. it then blows more gently, with a fmooth fea. and is called maoai. In thefc months, when the fun is nearly vertical, that is in December and January, the winds and weather arc txxh very variable ; but it frequently blows from W. N. W. or N. W. This wind, called Toeroii, is generally attended l>y dark, cloinly weather, and frequently by rain. It foinetimes blows ftrong, though generally moderate; but feldom lafls longer than flx days without interruption; and is the only wind in which the people of the iflands to leeward come to this, in their canoes. If it happens to be IKll more northerly, it blows with lefs flrcngth. and is called Era-potaia; which they fay is the wile of Toerou, who, according to their mythology, is a male. The wind from the S. W. and W. S. W. is Hill mor« frequent than the former, and though, in general, gentle, and interrupted by calms, or breezes ironi the eallward, yet it fometimcs blows in brifli fqualls. The weather attending it is commonly dark, cloudy, and rainy, with a clofe hot air ; and accompanied by a great deal of thunder and lightning. It is called Etoa, and often fucceeds the Toerou ; as does alfo the Faroo^i, which is flitl moreibutherly 1 and, trom its violenc«;^ blows down houfes and trees, cfpccially the cc^ifo- palms, from their loftinefs ; but it is of Ihort duration. The natives fcem not to have a very accurate know, ledge of thefe changes, and yet pretend t» have drawn (bmc general conclulions from their efFeds; for when the lea has a hollow found, and dalhcs ilowly 04 the 6 N rccn 'i ■i 'J. 510 Cap*. COOK'S VOYAOEg COMPLETE. i r" t: ,1 reef, they fay it poi^nds |;rood weather ( but if it hat a Iharp (bund, and the waves fuccccd each other faft, that the reverfe will happen. "There is, perhaps, fcarcciy a foot in the univerro.th&t aflf rd( a more luxuriant profpeOt than the S. E. part of the idand of Ouheite. The hills arc high and i^ccp, and in man^ places, craggy: but they are covered to the \cry fummits, with trees and ihrubs. To that a (bctitator cannot help thinking, that the very rocks poficfs the property of producing and fupporting their verdant clothing. The flat land which bounds thofe hills to- ward the fea, and the interjacent valleys aifo, teem with various produdions that grow with the moft exuberant vigour ; and, at once, fill the mind of the beholder with the idea, that no place on the earth can excel this, in the (Ircngth and beauty of vegetation. Nature has been no lefs liberal in dinributing rivulets, which arc found in every valley ; and as they approach the fea, often divide into two or three branches, fertilizing the flat lands through which they run. The habitations of the natives are fcattcrcd without order, upon thcfe flats; and many of them appearing toward the (hore, prefented a delightful fcene, viewed from our (liips; efpecially as the fea, within the reef, which bounds the coaA, isperfcdiy flill, andaflbrds a fafe navigation, at all times, for the inhabitants, w ho are often feen pad- dling in their canoes indolently along, in paiTing from place to place, or in going to fifli. On viewing thefc delightful fccies, I have often regretted my inability to tranfmit to thofe who have had no opportunity of fee- ing them, fuch r defcription as might, in fomc mca- furc, convey an imprcflion limilar to what muP. be felt by every one, who has been fortunate enough to be on the foot. •• It is, doubtlefs, the natural fertility of the country, combined with the mildnefsand ferenity of the climate, that renders the natives fo careicfs in their cultivation, that, in many places, though abounding with the richcfl productions, Ac fmalled traces of itcannot be obfervcd. The cloth-pl Jit which is raifcd from feeds brought from the mountains, and the ava, or intoxicating pepper, which they defend from the fun when very young, by covering them with the leaves of the brc i-fruit-trce, are almolt the only things to which they fcem to pay any attention; andthefcthey keep very clean. 1 have inquired very carefully into their manner of cultivating the bread-fruit-tree ; but w-' always anfwered, that they never planted it. This, indeed, muft be evident to every one who w ill examine the places where the young trees come up. It will be always obfervcd, that they fpring from the roots of the old ones; which run near the furfaceof the ground: fothat the bread-fru it-tret s may be reckoned thofe that would naturally cover the plains, fuppofmg that the ifland was not inhabited, in the fame manner that the white-barked-trees, found at Van Diemen's Land, conftitute the forefls there. And from this we may obferve, that an inhabitant of Ota- heitc, inftead of being obliged to plant his bread, will rather be under a neceffity of preventing its progrefs; which, 1 fuppofc, is fometimes done, to give room for trees of another fort, to afford him a variety in his food. The chief of thefe are the cocoa-nut and planuin; the firft of which can give no trouble, after it has raifed ii- felf a f<»ot or two above the ground ; but the planuin requirisa little more care: for after it is planted, it fhoots up, and, in about three months, begins to bear fruit ; during which time it gives young Ihuots, which fiipply afutccflionof fruitj for the old (locks arc cut down as the fruit is taken ofl". The produiSls of the ifland, however, are not fo remarkable for their variety, as groat abundance; and curiofities of any kind are not numerous. Among thcfe wc may reckon a pond or like of frcdi water, at the top of one of the higheft mountains, to go to, and return from which, takes three or four days. It is remarkable for its depth ; and hat eels of an enormous fax In itj which arc funictimcs caught by the natives, who go upon this water in little floats of two»or three wild plantain-trees faftened toge- ther. I his is elkemcd one of the greateft natural cu- ttotnte* of the country ; infmnucb. that uavcllcrs, who come from the other inands, are commonly alkcd among the firft qneftions, by their frichds. at their re- turn, if they have feen it? There is alfo a fort of water, ■ of which there is only one fmall pond upon the ifland* aa far diftant as the lake, and to appearance very good, with a yellow lldimcnt nt tlie bottom : but it has a bad* tafte; and proves fatal to thofe who drink any quantity of it, or makes them breakout into blotches, if they bathe in it. " Nothing made a ftrongcr imprcHion.at firft fight,on ourarrival here, than the contraft between the robuft make and dark colour of the people of Tongataboo, and a fort of delicacy and whitcnefs, which diltinguifh the inhabitants of Otahcitc. It was even fomc time before that difference could preponderate in favour of the Otaheiteans; and then only,, perhaps, becaufe wc became accuftomed to them, the marks which rcconw. mended the others began to be fbrgotten. Their wo- men, however, ftruck us as fuperior in every rcf^joSj. and as pofTefTing all thofe delicate (Jharaderiftics, whichi diftinguifti them from the other fex in many countries.. The beard, which the men here wear long,' and therhair which is not cut fo ftiort, as is the fafhron at Tongata- boo, made alfo a great difference; and - \« . coyldr not help thinking, that, on every occalion, tfiey Ihcwcd a greater degree of timidity «flid fickfencfi. The rauf- cubr appearance, fo cbmroon among the Friendly Iflanders. and which feems a confequcnce of their be- ing accuftomed to much aQion, is loft here, where the fuperior fertility of their country enables the inhabit- ants to lead a more indolent life; and its place is fup- plied by a plumpnefs and fmoothnelsof the Ikiii; which, though, perhaps, more confonant with our ideas of beauty, is no real advaiiUge; as it feems to be attended with a kind of langour in all their motions, notobferv- able in the others. This remark is fully verified, in their boxing and wreftling, which may be called little better than the feeble efforts of chiKlrcn, if compared to the vigour with which they arc performed at the Friendly Illands. " Among thefc people perfonal endowments arc in great eftecm, and they have rccourfe to fcveral methodi of improving them, according to their notions of beauty. It is a pradice, in particular, efpecially among the Lrreocs, or unmarried men of fome confVquencc, to undergo a kind of phyfical operation to render theni fair. This is done by remaining a month or two in thehoufe; during which time they wear a quantity of clothes, cat nothing bur bread-fruit, to which they afcribe a remarkable property in whitening them. They alfo fpeak, as if their corpulence and colour, at other times, depended on their food, as ihcv are obliged, from the change of fcafons, to ufe different forts at dift'crent times. Their common diet is made up of, at lealV, nine tenths of vegetable food ; and I believe, more parti- cularly, the Mahec, or fermented bread-fruit, w hich is a part of almoft every meal, has a remarkable eliedt on them, preventing a cortive habit, and producing a very frnlibic coolncfs about them, which could not be perceived in us who fed on animal food, and it is, ptf- haps, owing to thii> temperate courfe of life, that they have fo few difcafes among them. Tliey reckon only five or fix, which might be called chronic, or national diforders; among which arc thedropfy, and thefcfi.-i, or indolent f\vclling», frequent at Tongataboo. But this was before ilie arrival of the Eunipeans ; for wc have added to thig ftiort catalogue ad ifeale which abumiantly fup. plies the place of all otlvers, and is now nimuft untvcr- fal. For this they fcem to have no eftcdual icmcdy. The priefts, indeed, give them a medley of (im])lcs; but they own that it never cures them. And yer, they allow that, in a few cafes, nature, without the aiTtftaiice of a phylician, extenmiiatcs the poifun of thi» fatal diforder, and a pertccl recovery is produced. " Their behaviour,on all occafiuns, feems to indicate • great opcnnefs. and generoflty of diiJMfition. Omiah, indeed, who. as their countryman, fnould be fuppofcd rather willing to conceal any of their defcds, has often faid. that they are fometimes cruel in the treatment of their enemies. According to his account they torment them that thcv •«;• 1 ■I : ;'f COOK'S THIRD and LAS'i' VOVAGli— To the PACIFIC OCliAN, 6cc. ju them very ilcliberatcly. at one time tcaniiK out fmall pieces of flclhfrom dilVcrcnt parts; at anotlicr taking «Hittlu-eycsi then cutting oil" the nofc I and lallly, kill- Jng thciii by ripping up the billy. But this only hap- pens on particular occalions. If chtcrfulncls argues a confcious innocence, one would fuppofc that their life is fcldom fullied w ith crimes. This, however, 1 rather impute to their feelings, which, though lively, kcm in no cafe permanent: for 1 never faw thein in any mis- fortune, labour under the appearance of anxiety, after the critical moment was pall. Neither does care ever fcem to wrinkle their brow. On the contrary, even the approach of death does not appear to alter their ulual vivacity. I have feen them when brought to the brink of the grave bydifcafe, and when preparing logo to battle; "but, in neither cafe, ever obferved their coun- tenances over clouded with melancholy or ferious rc- Heaion. Such a difpofition leads them to d\rcit\ all theiraimsonly to what can give them pleafure and eafe. Their amufements all tend to excite and continue amor- ous pairions, and their longs, of which they are immo- derately fond, anfwer the laine purpofc. But as a con- llant fuccefllon of fenfual enjoyments mull clov, we found they frequently varied them to more refined fub- jcifts, and had much pleafure in chanting their triumphs "in war, and their occupations in peace; their travels to other idands, and adventures tlere; and the peculiar beauties, and fuperior advantages of their own idand over the red, or of diiVercnt parts of it over other lefs favourite difliicls. This marks their great delight in mufic ; and though they rather exprelTed a diflike to our complicated coinpolitions, yet were they always de- lighted with the more melcKlious founds produced lingly on our inflruments, as approaching nearer to the iimplicity of their own. Neither are they ftiangers to the foothing cffeAs produced by particular forts of mo- tion, which, in fome cafes, feem to allay any perturba- tion of mind, with as much fuccefs as mufic. Of this Imct with a remarkable inftancc: for walking, one day, about Matavai point, where our tents were ercded, I faw a man paddlinjj, in a fmall canoe, fo quickly, and looking abtjut him with fuch cagernefs on each lidc, as to command all my attention. At firll, I imagined that he had lloleii fomcthing from one of the Ihips, and was purfucd; but, on waiting patiently, faw him repeat his amufcmcnt. He W'ent out from the lliore, till he was near the place where the fwell begins to take its rife ; and, watching its lirll motion very attentively, paddled before it, with great quicknefs, till he found that it overtook him, and acquired fuilicient force to carry his canoe before it, without palling underneath. Hethen fat moiiunlefs,aiul was carried along at the fame Ivvift rate as the wave, till it landed him on the beach. I'hen he darted out, emptied his canoe, and went in fcarch of another fwell. I could not help concluding, that this man felt the moft fupreme pleafure, while he was driven on, fo fad and fo fmoothly, by the fea ; ef- pecially as, though the tents and fltips were fo near, he did not feein in the lead to envy, or even to take any notice of the crowds of his countrymen, colleded to view them as objeds that were rare and curious. Dur- ing my day two or three of the natives came up, who fcemed to (hare his felicity, and always called out, when there was an appearance of a favourable fwell, as he fometimes miflTed it, by his back being turned, and kwkine about for it. Bv them I undcrlTood, that this cxercilc, which is called ehorooc, was frequent among them ; and they have probably more amufements of this fort, which afford them, at lead, as much pleafure as Ikaiting. " 1 he language of Otahcitc, though doubtlefs radi- cally the fame with that of New Zealand, and the Friendly Ides, is dcditute of that guttural pronuncia- tion, and of fome confonnnts, with which thofc latter dialects abound. The fpecimens we have already given, aic fuilicient to mark wherein the variation chiedy con- iids, and to diew, that, like the manners of the inhabit- ants, it has become foft and Icwthing. During the for- mer voyage, I had coUei'tcd a copious vocabulary, which enabled me the better tu compare this dialcift with that of the other idaiuls; and, during this voy.igc, I took every oppirtunity of improvcim nts by con- Verling with Omiah before we arrived, and by my daily intcicourfc with the natives, while wc now rcniaintd iherc" (In our hidory of Captain Cook's foriiirr\«y- agc, we have given to the public very copious Iptci- mcnsof the language of Otahcitc, New Zealand, N:c. which wc dat(erourfelves will be thou);ht fufTuieiit for their information, amufement, anil e\ery ufel'ul pur- pofc.) " It abounds with beautiful and figurative expref- (ions, which were itperfcvilly known, would, I make no doubt, put it upon a level with many of the languages that are mod in cdeem for their warnj and bold image*. I'orindancej theOtaheiteans cxprcfs thi-ir notions of death very emphatically, by faym>% " Th;it tlic foul goes into darknefs; or rather into night." And if you you feem to entertain any doubt, in alking tlic quell ion, " If fuch a perfon is their mother?" the. immediately reply, with (urprizc, " Yes, the mother that bore me." They have one exprcllion, that corrcfponds exadlly with the phrafeology of the fcriptuies. w here wc read of the " yearning of the bowels." They ufeit on all occadons, when the padions give them uncadnefs ; as thcv condantly refer pain from grief, anxious dcfiie, and other affedlions, to the bowels, as its feat; where they fuppofc all the operations of the mind arc per- formed. Their language is fo copious, that for the bread-fruit alone, in itsdiflercnt dates, they have above ' twenty names; as many for the taro root; and about ten for the cocoa-nut. Add to this, that befides the common dialeiit, they often expodulate, in a kind of danza, or recitative, which is anfwcrcd in the fame manner. " Their arts are few andfimple; yet, if we may crrtlit them, they perform cures in furgcry, which our exten- dk^c knowledge in that branch has not, as yet, enabled us to imitate. Indinplefradures.they bind them up with fplents; but if part of the fubdanccofthc bone be lod, they infert a piece of wood between the fratlurcd ends, made hollow like the dedcient part. In five or dx days, the rapacx), or furgeon, infpcdls the wound, and finds the wood partly covered w ith the grow ing flcfh. In as many more days, it is generally entirely covered; after which, when the patient has acquired fome ftrength, he bathes in the water, and recovers. We know that wounds will heal over leaden bullets ; and fometimes, though rarely, over other extraneous bodies. But what makes mc en- tertain fome doubt of the truth of fo extraordinary (kill, as in the above-mentioned indance, is, that in other cafes that fell under my own obfcrvation, they are far from being fo dextrous. I have feen the dump of an arm, which was taken off", after being diattcred by a fall from a tree, that bore no marks of (kilful operation, - though fome allowance be made for their defedlive in- druments: and I met with a man going about with a didocated diouldcr, fome months after the accident, from their being ignorant of the method to reduce it; though this be conddercd as one of the (impled opera- • tionsof our furgery. They know fractures or luxations of thefpine are mortal, but not fradlurcs of the Ikull ; and they likewife know, from experience, in w hat part of the body wounds prove fatal. They have fometimes pointed out thofe innided by fpears, which, if made in the diredlion they mentioned, would certainly have been pronounced deadly by us ; and yet thcfc people would have recovered. Their phydcal know Icilgc feems more confined, and that, probably, bccaufc their dif- eafes are fewer than their accidents. The prieds, how- ever, adminider the juices of the herbs in fome cafes; and women who are troubled with after-pains, or other diforders, the confequcnces of child-bearing, ufe a re- medy which one would think needlefs in a hot country. They firf\ heat doncs, as when they bake their food ; then they lay a thick cloth over them, upon which is put a quantity of a fmall plant of the muf>ard kind; and thcfc are covered with another cloth. Upon this they feat themfelves, and fweat plentifully to obtain a cure. They have no emetic medicine. " Notwithdanding the extreme fertility of the idand, a famine frequently happens, in which, it is faid, many perifh. li ■'V '>! t* 512 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. Si ( f*tl' ' nv pcri(h. Whether this be owin^ to the failure of (bme learons, to over population, which muft fometiniei al- inod ncceflarily happen, or to wars, I have not been able to determine ; though the truth of the fadl may fairly be inferred, from the great oeconomy that tkcy (Dbfcrve with refpcd to their food, even when there ii plenty. In times of fcarcity, after their bread-fruit and yams are confumcd, they have recourfc to various toots which grow, without cultivation, upon the moun- tains. The patarra, which is found in valt quantities, is what they ufc firfl. It is not unlike a very large po- tatoeor yam, and good when in its growing ftatci bur, when old, is full of hard (Iringy fibres. They then cat two other raou; one not unlike thetaros and laltly, the ehoee. This is of two forts ; one of them poflcf- Hng deleterious qualities, which obliges them to flice and nuccratc it in water, a night before they bake and cat it. In this rcfpedl it refembles thecaflava root of the Weft-Indies ; but it forms a very infipid, moid pafte, in the manner theydrcfs it. However, I nave fcen tnem eat it at times when no fuch fcarcity reigned. Both this and the patarra are creeping plants; the hn, with ter- nate leaves. Of animal fotxl, a very finall portion falls, at any time, to the (hare of the lower clals of people; and then it is cither fifh, fca-eggs, or other marine pro- duAions; for they feldom or ever eat pork. The erce de hoi, (as Mr. Anderfon calls the king, but which word Captain Cook writes erce rahic) is, alone, able to furnifli pork every day; and inferior chiefs, according to their riches, once a wc^k, fortnight, or month. ' Sometimes they are not ewn allowed that; for, when the iiland is impoveriflied by war, or other caufes, the chief prohibits his fubjedls to kill any hogs ; and this prohibition, wc arc told, is in force, fomctimes, for fe- vcral months, or even for a year or two. During that conftraint, the hogs multiply fo faft, that there are in- ihnces of their changing their domeftic Rate, and turn- ing wild. When it is thought proper to take otf the prohibition, all the chiefs aflcmble attiie king's place of abode; and each brings with him a prcfent of hogs. The king then orders fomc of them to be killed, on which they feaft; and, after that, every one return* home with liberty to kill what he pleafes for his own ufc. Such a prohibition was adhially in force, on our laft arrival here ; at leaft, in all thofe diftridts of the iiland that arc immediately under the diredion of Otoo. And, led it fliouid have prevented our going to Matavai, after leaving Oheitepeha, he fent a meflage to aflure us, that it Ihould be taken off, as foon as the lliips arriveil there. With refpeft to us, wc found it fo ; but we made fuch a confumption of them, that, I have no doubt of it, it would be laid on again, as foon as uc failed. A fimilar prohibition is alio, fometimes, extended to (owls. It is alfb among the better fort, that the ava is chiefly ufed. But this beverage is pre- pared fomewhat diflcrently from that which wc faw fo much of at the Friendly Iflands : for they pour a very fniall quantity of water upon the root here ; and fome- times roafV, and bake, and bruife the ftalks, without ehewing it previoufly to its infufion. They alfo ufc the leaves of the plant here, which are bruifed, and wa- ter poured upon them, as upon the root. Large com- panies do not aflre;iible to c^-ink it, in that fociablc way which is praittifcd at I'ongataboo. But its pernicious cffccls arc more obvious here ; perhapi, o«''ng to the manner of preparing it j as we oftcr. faw inflances of its intoxicating, or rather ftupifving powers. Some of ua, who had been at thefe iflancis before, were furprized to find many people, who w hen we faw them laft, were remarkable for their fizc and corpulency, now almoft reduced to Ikeletons, and, upon enquiring into the caufc of this alt ration, it was univerfally allowed to be the ufc of the ava. The Ikins of thefe people were rough, dry, and covered with fcales, which, they fay, every now and then fall off, and their Ikin is, as it were, renewed. As an cxcufe for a prac'tice fo dcftrudivc, they allcdge, that it is adopted to prevent their grow- ing too fat; but it evidently enervates them; and, in all probability (hortens their days. As its cttcds had not been fo vifiblc, during our former vifus, it is not unlikely, that this article of luxury had never been (o much abufcd ns at this time. If it continues to be fafhionable, it bid* fair to dcftroy great numbers. •• The times of eating, at Otahcitc, are very frequent. Their firfl meal, (or rather, as it may be called) their laft, as they go to flecp after it, is about two o'clock in the morning; and the next is at eight. At eleven they dine: and again, as Oiniah cxprciVrd it, at two, and at five; and fup at eight. In this article of domeftic life, they have adopted fame cuftoms th.-it arc exceed- ing whimfical. The women, for inflance, have not only the mortificution of being obliged to eat by them- felves, and in a different part of tlic houfc from the men; but, by a ftrangc kind of policy, are excluded from a ftiarc of moft of the betterforts «f food. They are not permitted to tafte turtle, nor fifli of the tunny kind, which is much cftcemcd ; nor fome particular forts of the bcft plantains ; and it is very feldom that even thofe of the firft rank cat pork. The children of each fex alfo eat apart; and the women, generally, ferve up their own vidiials ; for they would certainly ftarvc, before any grown man would do them fuch a fcrvice. In this, as well as in fome other cuftoms re- lative to their caring, there is a myllerious coiulud, which wc could never thoroughly comprehend. U'hen wc enquired into the reafons of it, wc could get no other anfwer, but that it is right and neceirury it ffiould be fo. In other cuftoms, remrding the females, there fcems to be no obfcurity; elpccially' as to their con- nc£lions with the men. If a young man and woman, from mutual choice, cohabit, the man gives the fatherof the girl fuch things as are necelTary in common life, aa hogs, cloth, and canoes, in proportion to the time they are together; and if he thinks that he has not been fufliciently paid for his daughter, he makes no fcruplc of forcing her to leave her friend, and to cohabit with ano- ther perfon who may be more liberal. The man, on his part, is always at liberty to make a new choice; but lliould his confort become pregnant, he may kill thc' child; and after that, cither continue his connexion with thc mother, or leave her. But if he (hould adopt the child, and futfer it to live, the parties are then con- fidered as in thc married ftate, and they commonly live together ever after. However, it is thought no crime in the man to join a more youthful partner to his firft wife, and to live with both. Their cuftom of chang- ing their connedions is, however, much more general than this laft; and it is a thing fo common, that they fpcak of it with great indiftercnce. The errcoes are only thofe of the better fort, who, from their ficklcnefs, and their poffelling the means of purchafing frclh con- nedions, are conftantly roaming about; and, from hav- ing no particular attachment, feldom adopt thc nwrc fettled method mentioned above. And fo agreeable is this licentious manner of life to their difpolitbn, that thc moft beautiful of both fexes thus commonly fpcnd their youthful days, habituated to the pradice of enor- mities, which would difgrace thc moft favage tribes; but arc peculi.irly (hocking among a people whofe ge- neral charader, in other refpeds, has evident traces of thc prevalence of humane and tender feelings. When an crrcoc woman is delivered of a child, a piece of cloth dipped in water, is applied to the niouth and nofe, which fuffocatcs it. As in fuch a lift-, their wo- men muft contribute a very large ftiarc of its happinefs, it is rather furprifing, bcfidesthe humiliating reftraints they are laid under w ith regard to food, to find them often treated with a degree of harflincfs, or rather bru- tality, which one would fcarcely fuppofe a man would bcftow, on an objcd for w horn he had the Icaft afl'ec- tion. Nothing, however, is more common, than to fee the men beat them without mercy ; and unlefs this treat- ment is the etTciit of jealoufy, which both fexes, at Icalt, pretend to be fomctimes infeded with, it will be diffi- cult to account for it. It will be Icfs difiicult to ad- mit this as thc motive, as I have fccn fcveral inftances where the women have preferred pcrfonal beauty to in- tereft; though I muft own, that even in thefe cafes, they fecm fcarce^ fufceptible of thofe delicate fentiments, that arc the refult of mutual alTcdioni and, I believe, that COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOVAOE— To the PACIFIC OCl-AN, &c. 5M iltHt there i» left plaionic love in Ouhcite, than in any other country. . •" Their religious fyftcm ii extenfive, and, m nwny inflancet, finguT«r ( but few of the common pewjic have a perfe purpofr,as thry arc accounted invulnerable in tliis invi- iible Ante. There is a liinilar reafoning with re|;:ird to 4 man and his wife when iliey meet. If the luifhai.d dies (irl>, the foul of his wife is known to him on iu arrival in the luiul of fpirits. They refume their for- mer aaiiiaintanee in u tpucioiis hoiifcji called touroon, where the fouls of the dccealld afFcmblc to recreate themfclves with the gods. She then retires with him to his leparate habitation, whert they remain for ever, and have an ott'spring, which, however, is entirely fpi- ritual, as they arc neither married, nor are their em- braces fuppofed to be the fame as with corporeal be- ings. Some of their notions about the dtity, are ex- travagantly abfiird. 'Ihey believe, that he is fiibjceit to the power of thof'e very fpirits to whom he has given exilU'nre; and that, in their turn, they ficiueittly eat or devour him, though he polR-fs the power of retreat- ing himfelf. They, doiibtlefs, ufe thi3 inoilc of cx- prelTion, as they (ecin incapable of converfing about imiiiaterial things, without coijltantly referring to ma- terial objeds to conv:-y i.iicir'fTi;aning. .\iul in this manner they continue the acc.iiint, by laying, that, in thcTounx)a, the deity enquires, if they intend, or not, to dcflroy him.' .And that he is not able to alter tiieir determination. This is known to the inhabitants oii earth, as well as to the fpirits; for when the moon is in its wane, it is faid, that they are then devourinjj their eatooa; and that, as it incrcafes, he is renewing himfelf. And to this accident, not only the inferior, but the moft eminent gods fire liable. 'I'hcy alfo believe, that there are other places for the reception of fouls after de.ith. Thus, thofe who are drowned in the fea, remain there; where they think that tlieic is a line country, hoiifcs, and every thing that can make thCn^ happy. But what is more lingular, they inainrain, that not only ail other animals, but trees, fruit, aii.i even Rones, have foul.s, Uthich at death, or upon being confumed, or broken, afcend to the divinity, with whom they firll mix, and afterwards pafs into the manfion allotted to each. They imagine, that their pundtual performance of religious oflices procures them every temporal blcfTing. And an they believe, that the animating and powerful influ- ence of the deity is every where ditt'ufcd, it is no won- der that they join to this many fuperftitious opinions about itsopcrations^, Accordingly, tlicy believe that (bid- den deaths, and all other accidents, arc elledcd by the immediate adion of fome divinity. If a man only (tumble againft a (lone, and hurt his toe, tlu) impute it to an eatooa; fo that they may be literally faid. agreeable to their fyftem, to tread on enchanted ground. They arc ftartled, in the night, on approaching a toopapoo, where the dead arc cxpofcd, in the fame manner that many of our ignorant and fupcrftitious people arc wich theapprehenfionsof ghofts, and at the (ight of a church yard ; and they have an equal confidence in dreams, which they fujppofe to be communications either from their god, or from the fpirits of their departed friends, enabling thofc favoured with ihem to foretell future events ; but this kind of knowledge is confined to par- ticular people. Omiah pretcnJed to have this gift. He told us, that the foul of his father had intimated to him in a dream, on the 26th of July, 1776, that he fliould go on (liore. at fome place, within three days; but he was unfortunate in this firft attempt to perfuadc usthA he was a prophet; for it was the ifb of Auguft before we got into Tencrifl^c. Among them, however, the dreamers polTcfs a reputation little inferior to that of their infpircd priefts and prieftelTes, whofc prcdidions they implicity believe, and are determined by them in all undertakings of confcquencc. The pricftefs who perfuadcd Opoony to invade Ulietea, is much refpeded by him; and he never goes to war without confulting her. They alfo, in fome degree, maintain our old doc- trine of planetary influence; at leaft, they are fomctimes- regulated, in their public counfels, by certain appear- ances of the moon ; particularly when lying horizon- 6 O f^iy^ 1" u 5'4 Capt. C O O K •« VOYAGES C O M P I, K i E. ■I V l»' Fi- n *f'^ w,r- '-\i:< '*', Ully, or much inclined on the convex p«rt, on it* M\ appcannrc after the change, they arc encouriged to en- gage in war, witli confidence of lucccf». "They have irailiti(>n«conierninK the creation, which, ai might be cxpci'Ud, are tomplex, and clouded with obfcurity. They (ay. th.it agiKldcIs hating a lump or maf» of earth fufpcmloil in a conl, gave it a fwing, and fcattcrcd about piecc.1 of land, thus creating Otaheitc and the neighb«*iring illands. I'hey have alio no- lion* of a univerfal creation, and of lands, of which they have now no other know Udgc than what is men- tioned in their tradition*. Their molV remote account reaches to Tatot)ma and Tapuppa, male and female flones or rocks, whofup}M)rt the mats of land and wa- ter, or our glolK underneath. 'Ihefe prculured Totorro, whq was killed, and divided into land; and, after him, Otaia and Oroo were begotten, who afterward were married, and pitxliiccd Inrt land, and then a race of gotis. Otaia is killed, and Oroo marries a god, her l(>n, called Tcorraha, whom (lie orders to create more land, the animals, anil all forts of food, found upon the earth; as alfo the Iky, which is fupjwrted by men called Teeferci. The fptits obfer%cd in the moon, are Aippofcd to be groves of a Ibrt of trees which once crew in Otaheite, and being dcllroyed by fome acci- dent, their ficds were carried up thither by dovei, where they now flourilh. " They have alio many legends, both hiOorical and re- ligious, one o( w hich, relative to the practice of eating human flclh, I fliall give the fublbncc of, as a fjiccimcn of their mcthotl. A long time fincc, there lived in Otaheite two men, called Tahccai ; the onlj- name they yet have for cannibals. None knew from whence thev came, or in what manner they arrived at the ifland. Their habitation was in the mountains, from whence thev iifed to iiruc, and kill many of the natives, whom they afterwards devoured, and, by that means, prevented the progrcfs of population. 'Iwo brothers being de- termined to ri(f their country of fuch a formidable enemy, ufed a ftratagcm for their dcftrudtion, with fuccefs. Thefe lived farther upward than the Tahecai, and in fuch a fituation, that they could fpcak with them, without greatly hazarding their own lafety. They in- vited them to accept of an entertainment, that (hould be provided for them, to which thcfc readily confented. The brothers then taking fome ftoncs, heated them, and thrufting them into pieces of mahce, dcfired one of the Tahecai to open his mouth. On which, one of theic pieces was dropped in, and fome water poured down, which made a boiling or hilfing noife, in quenching the ftone, and killed him. Ihcy intieated the other to do the fame; but he declined it, rcprefenting the confe- qucnccs of his companion's eaiing. However they af- fured him, that the foot! was excellent, and its ettc(iU pnly temporary; for that the other would foon recover. His credulity was fuch, that he fwallowed the bait, and fliared the fate of the firft. The natives then cut them in pieces, which they buried; and conferred the govern- ment of the ifland on the brothers, as a reward for deli- vering them from fuch monfters. Their relidence was i,>thc diftrid called Whapaneenoo; and to this day tW re remains a bread-fruit-tree, once the property of ih. Taheeais. They had alfo a woman, who lived with thim'and had t«o tceih of a prodigious fize. After tkievwcrckilLd, Jliclivcdatthe ifland Otaha, and. when dead was ranked among their deities. She did not eat human flcfli. as the men ; but, from the fizc of her teeth the natives flill call any animal that has a fierce appearance, or isrcpufcnted with large tulks, Tahteai. E\CTY one mufl allf>\v, that this llory is juft as natural as that of 1 Icrc iilcs deftroying the Hydra, or the more modern one of Jack, the giant killer: nor do 1 find, that there is anv moral couched under it, any more than under moil old fables of the fame kind, which have been received as truths only during the prcva- fci.ce df the fame ignorance that marked the charader of the ages in which they were invented. It, however, ha; nt't been improperly introduced, as ferving to ex brcfsthe horror and dcteftation entertained here,againft thofc who feed •• •• " "'"• *"'' **' ''™'" '"""• L-n human flefli. And, yet, 'from fome circumftance*, 1 have been led to think, that the na- tives of thefe iflea » ere formerly cannibals. Upon al\. lug Omiah, he denied it ftouily j )ei mentioned a fad), within hit own knowledge, which almofl confirms fuch an opinion. When the people of Holabola, one time, defeated thofe of Huahelne. • great number of hia kinfmcn were flain. But one of his relations had, af- terward, an opportunity of revenging hiinfclf, when the Bolabola men were wnrfted in their turn, and cutting a piece out of the thigh of one of hit enemies, he broiled and eat it. I have.allo, frequently conlidered the ofterln^ of the perlbn'a eye, whoii farhfted, and oflirred to the chief, ai a veftige of a cuflom which once really ex- irtcd to a greater extent, and is (I ill commemorated by this emblematical ceremony. " The being inverted w ith the maro, and the predding at human facrifices, feem to 6e peculiar charadcriflica of the fovereign. To thefe, perhaps, may be added the blowing a conch-ftiell, w hich produces a very loud found. On hearing it, all his fubjecls are obliged to bring food of every lort to his royal rrtidence, in proportion to their abilities. On fome occafions, they carry their ve- neration for his very name, to an extravagant and very dcdrudiivc pitch. For if, on his accclTlon to the maro, any words in their language be found to have a refem- blance to it in found, they are changed forothen ; and if any man be bold enough not to comply, and continue to ufe thofe words, not only he, but all his relations, are immediately put to death. The fame fe verity is exer- cifed toward thofe who fliall prefume to apply this fa- crcd name to any animal. And, agreeably to this cuf- tom of his countrymen, Omiah u(cdto exprefs his in- dignation, that the Englifli fliould give tnc names of Sirince or princcfs to their favourite dogs or horfct. lut while death is the punilhment for making free with the name of their fovereign, if abufc be only le- velled at his Bovcrnmcnt, the offender efcapes with the forfeiture of land and houfes. The king never cntera the houfe of any of his fubieifls, but has in every dif- tri(fl, where he vifitt, houfcs belonging to himfelf. And if, at any time, he (hould be obliged, by accident, to deviate from this rule, the houfe thus honoured with his prcfence, and every part of its furniture, it burnt. His fubje(fb not only uncover to him, when prefent, down tp the wain ; but if he be at any particular place, a pole, having a piece of cloth tied to it, it fet up jbme- wherc near, to which they pay the fame honours. Hia brothers are alfo intitled to the firft part of the cere- mony ; but the women only uncover to tiie females of the royal family : in fliort, they feem even fuperflitious in their refpedf to him, and eftecm hit jxrfon little Icfs than facred. And it is, perhaps, to thclccircumflaiKes, that he owes the quiet poflcflion of his dominions. For even the people of Tiaraboo allow him the fame ho- noura as his right ; though at the fame time, they look upon their own chief as more powerful; and fay, that h: would fuccced to the government of the whole ifland, (hould the prefent reigning family become ex- tinfl. This is the more likely, as Waheiadooa not only pofrefTes Tiaraboo, but many diflridls of Opooreano. His territories, therefore, are almofl equal, in extent, ro thofe of Otoo; and he has, bcfldes, the advantage of a more populous and fertile part of the ifland. His fub- je&i, alio, have given proofs of their fuperiority; by frequent victories over thofe of Otaheitc-now, whom they affcd to fpeak of as contemptible warriors, cafily to bo worfted, if, at any time, their chief (hould wifn to' put it to the tell. " The ranks of people, bcfides rhc ercc de hoi, and his family, arc the erecs, or powerful chiefs; the mana- hoone,orvairals; and the tcou or toutou, fcrvants, or rather flaves. The men of each of thefe, a'ccording to the regular inflitutton, form their conneiflions with wo- men of their refpcdivc ranks; but if with any inferior one, which frequently happens, and a child be born, it is prefcrvcd, and has the rank of the father, unlefs he happens to be an eree, in which cafe it is killed. If a woman of condition fliould chufc an inferior perlbn to officiate as an hufband, the children he has by her are killed: and (hould a toutou be caught in an intrigue with the na- ponalk- d a fad), rmi fuch nc time, rr of hia had| ftf- whcn the rutiinsa ic hr(>)Icd : otrerin{|( cd to the really ex- orated b/ prcfiding iderinica added the )ud found, ring food portion to ^ their ve- and very the niaro, a rcfem- herst and i continue ations, are ty is exer- )ly this fa'* o this cuf- rcfs his in- ; names of or horfcs. rtakinc free X only le- les with the lever enter* t\ every dif- mfclf. And ccident, to lOured with re, is burnt, icn prcfent, cular place, fct up ibme- nourt. Hit if the cerc- c females of rupcrftitious 'on little left rcumdances, nions. For IC fame ho- le. they look nd fay, that f the whole become ex- looa not only Opooreano. in extent, to Ivantape of a 1. His fub- )eriority; by nooe, whom arriors, eafily ' {hould wim c hoi, and his ; the mana- , fervants, or , a'ccording to ions with wo- h any inferior Id be born, it her, unlefs he killed. If a erior pcrfon to las by her are ji an intrigue with m II i h i»f ;*. m 11 j ill ' I ■ B' >l • ' tf iV'^ * \ 4i i ta - >.*, I . ■ ■ •■* I '■■' ^ a ■s * t( ) 1 i « 5t «-< COOK'S 'I IIIKI) and LAST VOYAGF—To ihe lAClllC OCIi AN, ficc. 515 wiehu woman of ihc HIikhI. royal. Iv 11 |>iit I" .luili 'Ihr Ion ot tlifcrrc cir hoi lui t tcili lim luthrr in tiili nml honoiirt, a» dnm « he i.lvimi Ivif il he lliould h»vc no chiUlu-n, thr bri>thrr nirumn the Kovcrnnuiu •(hiitlcjih. In other f»iiiilici, |H)ni((i(>ii»alwa) . ik- fremlto the clilrfHbni liut he m ol)h|>,<;il 10 maintain hi4 limthcri and iifteri, mHu aie alloMCil houlei on lu« " The hoiimliiriei of the fcvcral ililUii'lt, into which ptaheitr is iJiviilol, arc ncncrailv , iitlur iiviiK tH, or low hilU, whuh m nun) plaies, jut out nilo the Ira. Hui the CulHlivilions into partitui r |)io|Kity,arcmarkal l>y large flonn, whii h have rciiaiiK cl lioiii one (generation toanothcr. The rcinnvil of any ot ihcfe j^ivri* rile 10 qiinrrrN, whieh air lieiulal hyarnis-, eai h party liring- inc hii friemU into the litlil. Hut il any one eompi.tin 10 the erec lie hoi, he terminates the ilitlerent e aiiiii a- bly. This IS an ollinee, however, not KMnnioiu ami loiin cullom fccms to femrepro|>ertv licreai clJVctually as the moll fcwrc laws «lo in other j ountries. In toii- lormity alio to ancient pnn'tice ellahlilheil anionj? them, crime* of a lefs general nature are left to lie pimilluit by the fufferer, without icferring them to a fiiperior In this cafe, they lecm to think, that the ininred perlon will judge as equitably as thofe who are totally iimon- cerncd i and as long cullom has allotted certain punilli- ments of diflereni forts, he is allowed to inHu't thtm, without lieing amtnahlc to any other perlon. l hits, il any one be caught Healing, whu h is commonly done in the night, the proprietor «)t the goods may put the thief inllantly to diath i ami if any one IlioukI enquire of him after the dneilnl, it is fuHicient to acquit him, if he only inl'irms iluin of the provocation he had to kill hun. But lb fcvcrc a punilliment ii feldom inHiClcd, unlcfs the articles that are ftolen be reckoned very valuable, fuch as bread plates, and plaited hair. If only cloth, or even hogs In- rtolen, and the thici cfcape, upon hi» being afterward difcovered, if he pro- mifeto return the fame number of pieces of cloth, or of hogi, no fiirther punilbment is inHitled, .S)me- times, after keeping out of the way for a few daj «, he is forgiven, or at moft, gets a flight bcatiiij^. If a (lerfon kill another in a quarrel, the friends ol the deccafed aflembic, and engage the furvivoi am) hi* adherents. If they conijuer, they take piirtliion of the houfe, lands, and g>K>ds, of the other part) but if conquered, the rcverlit takes place. If a ma- nahnonc kills the toutou, or flave of a chief, the latter fends people to take pofl'eillon of the lands and houfe of the former, who Hies cither to (i)mc othei part 01 the ifland, or to fome of the neighbouring illands After fume months he returns, and finding his Dock ot hogs much incrcafed, he olFeis a large prel'ent of thefc, V'iih red feathers, and other articles, to the toutou's mailer, w ho generally accepts the cumpenfation, niul permits him to repoffefs his houfe and laiuls. This Sraclirc is the height of venality and injuflice; and the aycr of the flavc liirms to lie under no farther nccef- lity of alil'ci>niling, than to impofc iipon the lower clafs of peojilc, w ho are the futlcrcrs. For it docs not ap- pear, that the chief has the lealf power to punith this manahoonc; but the vhole management marks a col- lufton between him and his fuperior, to gratify the re- venge of the former, and the av irice of the latter. In- deed, w'c need not wonder, that the killing of a man ihould be conlidered as fo venial an olVencc among a people, who do not conlidcr it as any crime to muidei their own children. When talking to them about fuch indancesof unnatural cruelty, anii alking, whether the chiefs or principal were not angry, and did not punifli them? I was told, that the chief neither could nor would interfere in fuch cafes ; and that every one had a right to do with his own child what he pleal'ed. " Though the produdions, the people, the cuf- toms and manners of all the illands in the neighbour- hood, may, in general, be reckoned the fame as at Otaheite, there are a few dili'erences which (hould be mentioned, ai this may lead to an enquiry about more ■oatcrial ones hereafter, if fuch there be, of which wc ire now ignorant. With regard to the little illand of ^'laiaia, or Olhalturgh Illand, whn h lir« twenty leaguci cill olOtaheite, .mil belongs to a chief o' that place, who gels frutn iheni e a kind of tribute : there a ditfe- rent i*ialecl fium that ol Ot.iheite is f|ioken. The men ot Mai.iia alio wear their hair very long 1 :ii d when they light, rover their arint with a liilijlanec which is beli't with lliarkit teeth, and tliur bodies with a fort of ihagrceii, being Ikm ol lidics, ,\i the laiuc time, they are ornimenied with p< ' t' ,l|>e,iil (hells, which make a ptiKligious glittering m th" inn 1 and they have a very large one that covers them beforf, like a Ihicid or brealUplate. Hut Otaheite is remark.iblc for pro- ducing great tiiianiities of that delicious fruit we called apples, whiili au t"iiiid in none of thr other ilk nds, exiept I'.imrii. It has alio the advantage ot producing an oiiiiriteroiii wooil, tailed luhoi, which is hignly valiieil at the oihir ifles, where there is none 1 nor in tlie ((Miih-eall peiiinrul.i, or Ti.iraboo, though loining It. Iliiaheine and L'Jnuo again, ate renurKjbIc for |ir(Khi( ing glean r miantitiek of yanm than the other iil.indi. Aiiil ai VIihiiihm there is a particular bird, fiiind upon the hills, much elleemed for its white leathers , at whiih place there if alfn faid to be Tome of the apples, ihouj'h it be the moft remote of the Soi ieiy lilindslrom Otaheite and Eimco, where they are produccil. " I hough the religion of nil the iflands be the fame, each (it them has its partic ular or tutelar god, whofe nanus, according to the hell inliirmation I could obtain, are enumerated in the lollowmg lill. (ions of the Isi.ri. Tanne _ 1 luahcinc Ooro Ulictea Tanne • Otaha Olla . lk>labola Otoo, ee wciahoo - MoiiriMM I'anuiucc - 'I'oobaec f Tal)ooymanoo, or Taroa < Saunder's Illand, (.fubjcct to Huaheine. Oron hadou . Eimeo Ooroo - Otaheite and Otaheite nooe Opoonooa and Whatootercc • Tiaraboo I'ooIkjo, toobooai am 1 V Mataia or Kv maraiva I Olhaburgh Idand Tammarec - The low ilTanJs callward. " Bendcs the i lufler of high iflands from Mataia to Mourooa inclulive the jwopk ol Otaheite arc ac- quainted with a low uninhabited illand, which they name Mopccha, and fcenn to be Howe's Ifland, laid, down to the wellward of Mourooa in our late charts of this ocean. Tt> this the inhabiti-nts of the moll lee- ward iflands fometimcs go. There arc alio feveral low iflands to the north-callward of Utaheite, which they have fometimcs vilitcd, but not conflantly 1 and arc laid to be only at the diflance of two days fail with a fair wind. They arc thus named Mataecva, Oanaa or Oannah, Taboohoc, Awchcc, Kaoora, Orootooa, and Otavaoo where arc large pearls. " The inhabitants of thcie illands come frequently to Otaheite and the other neighlwuring high iflandi, from whofc natives they ditfcr in being of a darker colour, with a licrccr afpeCl, and diH'ercntly pundured. I was informed, that at Mataeeva.and others of them, it is the cullom for the men to give their daughters to (Irangcrs w h.i arrive among them j but the pairs muft be five nights lying near each other, without prefuming to proceed farther. On the fixth evening, the father of the young w«man treats his giieft with food, and informs his daughter, that flic muft that night receive him as her huiband. The ftrangcr, however, muft not otlcr to exprels the Icaft diflike, though the bedfellow allotted hun be ever fo difagreeablc ; for this is con- fidcrcd as an unpardonable atlronr, and is puniflied with '^ ,1! i 5'6 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. Si . ■ ! 1^; ■ |:| with death. Forty men of Bolabola, who, incited by curiofity, had roamed as far as Mataeeva in a canoe, were treated ' in this manner i one of them having incautioufly mentioned his diflikc of the woman who fell to his'lot, in the hearing of a boy who informed her father. In confequcncc of this, the Mataeevans fell upon them ; but thcfc warlike people killed three ^imea their own number, though with the Ibfs of all their party, except five. Thofc hid themfelves in the woods, and took an opportunity, when the others were burjring their dead, to enter fome houfes, where, havmg provided thcmfclvecs with viduals and water, they carried them on board a canoe, in which they made their cfcape; and, after pafling Mataia, at which they would not touch, at lad arrived fafc at Eimeo. The Bo* labolans however, were f.'nlible enough that their tra- vellers had been to blame ; fora canoe trom Mvaeeva ar- . Iving fome time a fter at Bolabola, fo far were they from retaliating upon them for the death of thcircount^men, that they acknowledged they had dcfervcd their fate, and treated their vilitors with much hofpitality. Thefe low ifles are, doiibtlcfs the farthed navigation, which thofe of Otaheite, and the Society Iflands, perform at Erefent. It fcems to be a groundlefs fuppofition, made y Monf. dc Bougainville, by whom we are told, that thefe people fometitnes navigate at the diftance of more than three hundred leagues. I do not believe they make voyages of this prodigious extent ; for it is reckoned a fort of prodigy, that a canoe, once driven by a florm from Otaheite, Ihould have fallen in with Mopecha, or Howe's Ifland, though fo near, and di- rcclly to leeward. The knowledge that they have of other diflant iflands is, no doubt, traditional ; and has been communicated to them by the natives of thofe illands, driven accidentally upon their coafts, who, befidcs gi>ing them the names, could eafily inform them ot the dircdion in which the places lie from whence they came, and of the number of days they had been upon the f;a. In this manner, it may be fuppofed, that the natives of Wateeo have increafed their catalogue by the addition of Otaheite, and its neighbouring illes, from the people wc met with there, and alfo of ihe other iflands thefe had heard of. Wc may thus account for that extcnfive knowledge attri- buted, by the gentlemen of the Kndeavour, to Tupia, in fuch matters. And, with all due deference to his veracity, I prefume that it was, by the fame means of information, that he was able to dircd the'rtiip to Ghe^ teroa, without having ever been there himfclf, as he pr the ilate of our provifions at the iflands we had laft vifitcd t and having now, on leaving them, proceeded beyond the extent ot former difcove- ries, an accurate furvcy was ordered to be taken of all the ftores that were in each (hip, that, by being fully infonned of thcquantity and condition of every article, wc might know how to ufe them to the greatcll ad- vantage. We had alfo, before we had quitted the Society Ifles, taken every opportunitjf of enquiring of the natives, whether there were any iflands fituate in a northerly or north-wefterly dirciflion from them, but it did not appear that they knew of any. Wc ihould now proceed with the pn^refs of the voyage, after our leaving the Society iflands ; but (hall deter it for the commencement of the next chapter ; in order to lay before our readers an hiflorical ?nd geo- graphical account of the north-weft parts of North America, beginning from the ifthmus of Darien : alfo an account of the mod reuiarkablc illands fituated in r the high htitudcs, which, with the defcriptjons already gnven, in the courfe of this work, of fcveral iflands in the Indian feas, will form a complete, full, and perfolt hiftory of all the places, old and new difcovcriei. inentioned and touched at, by all our moft celebrated circumnavimtors : for which account, we acknowledge ourfclves chiefly Indebted to that m run from north to fouth, fall alfo into the Frozen Ocean : the Yamour and Argun, which divide the ' Ruffian from the Chincfe dominions, whofe united ftreams fall into the bay of Corca. There are alfo a great many lar^c lakes in this vaft tract of land, of which the largcft are thofe of Baikal and Kifan. The only part of Siberia, fit for human beings to live >in, is the fouthern, whcr. the foil appears to be capable of cultivation, and that it might be rendered fertile ; but. for want of inhabitants, very little corn is produced. But the northern part exhibits nothing but impenetrable woods, fnow-topt mountains, fens, lakes, marfhes, &c. and, being expofed to the bleak winds, is quite barren and dcfolate. Not a bird appears to give notice of any change of fcafon; even rooks and magpies quit thcfe dcfarts, where nature becomes quite torpid. The natives arc obliged to make paffages through heaps offnow, and the delights of fummcr are not experienced here but about three months, during which (hort fpace of time the inhabitants low rye, oats, peafc, and barley ; but thefc fcldom repay the hulband- man's toil. The natives arc generally Ihut up in their cottages for nine months in the year, fcarcely ever venturing out: fir-trees of conliderable height bend under the weight offnow ; a melancholy gloom fjircads all around, and the ftilinefs is interrupted only by the cries of fome wretched travellers in Hedges. To thcfe dreary regions the czars of Mufcovy banilh their courtiers and other great perfons. who incur their dif- pleafure. Some are banilhed for a limited term of years, and others for life, with the allowance only of one penny per day, and fometimcs without any allowane at all ; fo that, as they are fent deftitute from court, thefe miferable exiles pafs a moft dreadful life. They fiioot for their livelihood, and are obliged to fend an annual tribute of firs to the czars, or they are moft feverely punifhed by the tafkniafters. Kamtfchatka. This peninfula is bounded on the eaft by the ocean, which feparaces it from America ; its weftern boundary is Penfchinfka. The fouthern part is in 51 degrees north !ititude, and in 143 degreci; eaft longitude from London. This peninfula is di- vided into two parts by a chain of hills running from north to fouth. Its chief rivers arc the Awatfcha, Kamtfchatka, the Teghil, and what is called the Great River. There are many extenfive lakes in it. Their fpring and fummer do not continue more than four months ; but the latter is far from being agreea- ble ; for as the adjacent hills are covered with Ihow, the air, even in the middle of fumnter, is fometimes pretty cold, attended w ith frequent rains ; the winter however is not very inclement. In many places mines of iron aijd copper have been difcovercd : the iron ore hath been found to be com- pad, of a yellow colour, inclining to red ; and, in fome parts, black metallic particles have been obferved, more compadt than the reft of the ore. This ore, when crude, could not be attracted by the load-rtonc, but, when calcined, became fo in a fmall degree. A folid iron ore has alfo been difcovered here, hmilar to that found to the fouth-wcft of Echaterincnburg : its furface "as found to be covered with a yellow oker, of a re.^dilh brown in the breakings of its folid parts. The on , when crude, was not adled upon by the load- ftone, though, after calcination, (lightly attradcd by it. The copper mines arc like foino of thofe produced on the Ryphean mountains, having the malachites, in the form of ftaladites and ftataguitcs, in their cavities, very beautiful, and capable of being poliftied. There is great choice of timber for a variety of ufcs nin Kamtfchatka, as well as abundance of (hrubs of divers kinds, they have alfo feveral excellent medi- 6 P cinal I 'I' 1 .c J 5'8 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. h: fti W' m 1&! i' cinal plants. Bariey, oati, pcai, tumipi, &c. grow like- wife nere. The graft fpringt up fo Taft, that they have throe harvefti i and the blades are frequently five feet in height. This country abounds with tame and wild fowls. The wild animals arc, black and white bears, wolves, lynxes, boars, elks, and a kind of Hag very much like the fallow-deer. The bear never attacks a man.imlefs they find him adeep, when they tear the fialp off the back part of the head, and fometimcs intircly dclhoy him. Foxes arc alfo very numerous, fome are white, fomc redifh-yellow ; fome grey, with a black Areak on the back, and are much valued t the white ones, Iwwever, are alfo valued, as being fcarcer. There arc alfo black-chcfnuts and blue breaded foxes i and they ■re in general too crafty for theit purfucrs, their faga- city exceeding that of the other fpecies. The opulence of the country confiOs in its fables and ermines ; the fables which are fold at a high price, excel thofe found in any other part of the globe : the natives eat the Heih, and elleem it a very fine food. Here is alfo found the gulo, or glutton ; likewifc other kinds of beaver, as the atis, rein-deer, and fayga. The natives colled themfelves in companies to hunt thefe animals t they go at the clofc of the winter from the month of March to the end of April, taking pro- vifions with them. The glutton, which hath a very fine fur, is a terrible enemy to the deer : it will dart itfcit from a tree upon a deer's hack, and, fixing between the creature's horns, tears out his eyes : the afflicted animal, with excefs of agony, falls to the ground, when the glutton ftrips his Hem from his bones. Dogs arc very numerous in this country : thdc re- fembic the European, and live much upon mice and fidi ; they fcnitch up the ground for the fnriiic-r, and fcize the others from their fircams. Thefe dogs are ex- tremely ferviceabic to the natives, in drawing their fledges over the fnow : in the mofi dreadful weather, they fcan-eever loff rheir way. Several forts ot'nmuhibious animals arc alfo in Kamtf- chatka. One is the fca-cow, about thirty feet in length, and weighing fix ur feven thoufand |x)unds, the (kin of which is fo hard, that fcarce an hatchet or axe will pe- netrate it. The flefti of a \ o«mg fea-cow, when properly boiled, has a good tafte ; the lean part is fomcwhat like veal, and the fat part like pork. The method of catching this animal is, by an iron hook firuck into it by fome men in a fmall vcfil-l, then by a rope held by people on wiore, the fea-cow is drawn gradually to the land, while thofe in the veflel cut the creature with infirumcnts in feveral parts of the botly, till it expires. It is not very diflicult to ukc the fca cow from its elements, for it fcldom raifes its head above the furface olthe water, though its iides and back are often feen. Sca-horfcs and fca-c. ii are alfo met with here ; the latter have long hairs (landing out on each fide of their jnosiths like thofe of a cat, and they weigh from five to eight thoufand pounds: their eyes are as large as a bull's, and they will Hy at people in boats j even if they are blinded by Aones thrown at them, they will not retire, but gnaw the very (lores that are thrown ; however, when once deprived of fight, there is no great danger lo be apprehended from them. The male and female ditter both in form ind difpolition ; fo much in fonn, that they might be taken for difierent animals; and as to difpofition, the female is inJd, inoffcnfive, and timid : as a proof of this, when an attempt is made to feirc a young fea-cat, and the male, by vi- goroufly defending it, afibrds the female an opportu- nity of taking it otf in its mouth ; if, in this caie, the female (houla happen to drop it, the male abandons its adverfary, and, nying diredly at the female, fcizes her with all imaginable fury ; when the latter, bv licking his paws, and fiiewing every kind of fubmiifion. en- deavoi rs to mitigate his raj^. The feas alfo abound with frais, which are caught by dift'ercnt methods s fonKtimcs they are taken in the water, and at other rimes they arc killed while fleeping on the rocks. I lere arc whales from feven to fifteen fathoms long. Aiiwngtl a variety o( filh, here is the fierlct, which is 1 fo much like the flurgcon, that there is fcarce a ny dif- ference, except that it is finaller and more dclicatei it ia fo fat that it may be fried without oil. Some of the birds of Kamtfchatka are, e.igles, hawks, pelicans, fwaus, geefe. wigcons, ducks, cuckows, mag. pics, fnipcs, pnrtridges, &c. A bird called the «3- neck diver is very curious; it ha.«a beautiful fpot on the tower part of its neck t iKneath this (not, there are fea- thers of a brown colour in the middle, and edged aU round with white; the brealt, belly, and legs, are of A very beautifiil white. Sea-fowl are very numerous on the coaft of the eaflrrrt ocean, at peacocks, fca-pies, gri-cn (hanks, puffins, &c. Here too are the cormorant, fea-raven, and urile. Clouds of dragon-Hies, iocults, and gnats, are fome- timcs feen in this country. The l.itter arc fo trouble, fome, that the inhabitants are obliged to vail their faces, to avoid them. 'Ihe dragon-Hies, forming columns, Hy with incredible fwiftncfi. The natives of Kamtfchatka inhabit the foiithernpart of the peninfuh; the northern part is inhabited by the Koreki,and the fouthembyihc Kiirilcss but the Ruf- fians call the whole country' Kamtfchatka, though it hat feveral names given it from paitittilar cirruniH.inces. The iCamtfchadales are fliort in llaturc, and rcfcmble moH of the other inhabitants of Siberia, except tliat their faces are fomcwhat (horter, their mouths large:, and their cheeks fuller; they have dark hair, hollow eyes, Iharp nofes, and tawny complexions j the latter is faid to be principally owing to the influence of the fun reilcdU-d from the fnow in the fpring-feafim, when the fnow lies thick on the ground. .Some of the natives, who arc obliged to be in the woods, cover their face* with a kind of netting, to prevent the cHcits of the fun- iKams darling on the fnow ; for the eye-fight fuHcrs by this refraction, as well as the complexion. Theli peo- pie drcfs in deer-fkins, with the fur outwards; they ufe alfo, for this purpofe, the fkins of dogs and other ani- mals. They often wear two coats, the flceves of the outer coat reaching down to the knccs; they have a h«)0(l to it, which in bad weather fervcs to cover the head; and they adorn the back part with Hireads of (kins,andfonietimesof filks of ditt'crent colours. The women we.ir the fame fort of garments as the men, though their coat, or rather wnilUoat, fif; clofcr to their bodies, and is decorated with Hips of red, blue, and yel- low cloth, and fometimcs ribband, or woollen liH. To rhi« waiHcoat is joined a fort of petricont coining about half v,ay down the leg. The men wear a leather Wt round them, and ihcir legs arc covered with diHertnt coloured fkins ; they wear f"eal-(km caps or hats, and fometimcs a cap or hat of birch tiark ; fome have capp Vfbrals plaited. 1 he women let ilicir ha'rgrow much longer than the meiij they piait it, and h.i .g brafs trin- kets to it : they have fur caps, that arc black without, and white within. The men plait their hair, as well as the women. They never wafli themfelves, but live ill a moH beaHl^ manner: they neither cut their nails, » or comb their hair. 1 hry eat raw Hefh, carrion,Hale- f !h, or any thing iluy can get, how filthy focver it be. Vh.'y live in huts under-ground, covered withgrafsor earth, and fometimcs with the (kins of the animals thejr have killed in the fiel^, iindrelTcd, and yielding a noi- fome (\cnch. They place benches in their hovels, w ith a fire-place in one corner, and on thefe benches ther repnic themfelves. .Some of the huts are covered and lined with mats. Thefe are their winter dwellings; nor are their fummcr retreats much more elegant, except that they arc built on the furface of the earth, and with rather more regularity. Thef?, it is trae, are built higli on pillows, witn beams thrown acrofs them, on which a Hoor is fixed, with a roof rifing from each fide to a cen> trical point; and, indeed it is ncccfTary that their fum- mcr habitations fliould be thus high, elfc the inhabitanu would be in continual danger from the wikl beaHs. They eat out of bowls, or troughs, with their dogs, and never wafti them afterwards. We (hall now take notice of their ;narriages. Whe« a man hath met with a young woman that he likes, hm engages^iothcfarviceof hiNrpartnts, and, alter tli« cxptiaiion ^ i.m a^BAMuim COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the I'AClllC OCEAN, 6tc. i'9 expiration of a limited time of fcrvitude, obtains cither pcrniifTionto marry her, or is dirmiflcd with a requital for his fervicc. If he has leave to marry, the nuptiaU commcncca immediately, and the whoiccfrcmonycon- filU in ftrippinK the bride naked, whofe cloathj, how- ever, are fo faft bound by ftraps and girdles, thnt he iindsit noeafy tafk toaccomplifh his piirpofc; at this crifis fcveral women (belter and protect her from him ; who, however, fccking an opportunity to Knd her Icfs guarded, makes fre(h efforts to undrcfsher: but if fhc criei out, and her exclamations bring afliftancc, the women who come fall upon the man, frraichmg his fa<. e, tearing his hair, and otticrwife roughly treating himj till the bride, (hewing fome concern Icir his fituation, and the women becoming Icfs violent in their alTauIr, the man at Imgth fuccceds, and then retires from her, who however calls him back, and acknottlcdgcs in a foft plaintive tone, that he has conquered her. Thus the ceremony ends,aiid the nrxtday the happy couple re- pair to the hut o'' the hu(band. In about a week after- wards they make a vifu to the wife's parents, where they celebrate the marriage feaft with the relations of both panics. Some of tnc men marry three wives, who in general live friendly together, and are never jealous. It H deemed a very capital oll'cnce in a woman to procure abortion, yet if twin* are born, one of them muft be deltroycd. The women put their infants in a balktt faOened to an elallic pole, which is eafily moved wish the foot, to rock them. As foon as they can (land on their legs, their mothers leave them to thcmfilvcs, futfering them to roll on the ground any where; they are molt commonly half naked, and begin to walk at a time when a child in Europe would not be able to ftand. Thcfc people never bury ilK-irdead, but often give them to the aogs t and fay, that as the derrafrd are thus devoured by dogs, they will cnfurc to thi-mfflves a pka- fant carriage in (ledges drawn by line dogs in the other world. This abominable ciillom, howcviT, is not uni- verfally pradtifedi fome leaving their dead in their hur, «nd feck a new habitation. The apparel of the df- ceafed pcrfon is always thrown away, from a fufierfti- lious notion, that whoever Ihould wear it would iiu-et with fome dreadful calamity. They travel on lUdgei drawn by dogs; their number is generally four, whicn an driven by a whip. The jxt- ft)n in the fledge is fcatcd on the rij»ht fide of it, with his feet hanging o\er, and \t obliged to balance himfelf with great care, lell the (ledge OiouUI overfet. \\'here the roiidsare in tolerable condition, they ran travel to a great diftance in a (liort time, carrying with them pro vifions, &c. They fometinies travel, in this manner, about thirty werlls, that is, upwards of twenty-three miles in a day. They hunt the hear, among other ani- malsi on which occaiion they ufe rackets to walk upon the fnow with, arming themlclves with pikc», and tak- ing dogs with them to provoke the anim.il. Ihey then wait till he comes out of hisenclofure, for they would attack him to great difadvantagc while he remained there ) becaufe the fnow being very lirm in that place, the bear would be able to avail niml^'Kof all his (Ircngth ; but the infant he comes out, he i nks into the fnow, and while he is driving todifcngage himfelf, the hunters with their pikes ealily deflroy him. They drffs their feal-(kins in the following manner: they firll wet and fpread out the (kin, and with Hones fixed in wood fcrape oft' all (he fat) then they rub it with caviar, roll it to- gether, and tread on it; they afterwards f» rape it again, and repeat the f:rft part of ihcir procefs till the (kin is thoroughly cleaned and foft. They prepare in the fame manner fkins of leaver, deer, dogs, iv:c. When the men are not employed in hunting, or (ifliing, ehey weave nets, and conltrudt (ledges and boats; and in the fpring and fuiT>mcr ihey procure the nece(Taries of life-, anti lay up a (lore for the fuccccdinp winter. Ihe women inakelhoes, fewcloaths, dyclkins, &c. they alfo make glue of the dried (kins of filhes, and |)«rticularly ofihc whale. They ufc a board of dry wood to light their fires ; in thi^ board are feveral round holes, into one of which putting the end of a Aiull round ilick, tlicy roll it backwards and forwards till the wood takes fire by thefridtion. The people of this country are arrant cowards, and yet fenn to dcfpife life, through an innate kind offlupiditv. Ihey never attack their enemies openly, unlefs com« pelledtoit) but (leal privately to their huts, and treat them moft barbaroiillyj cutting them to pieces, and even tearing out their entrails: thefe cruelties are exer- cifcd with triumph and (liouts of joy. Whenever thtf hear of a foe advancing towanis them, they retire to foinc mountain, and fortify it as (Irongly as polTible: if there be a probability of the enemy getting the better of them, they immediately cut fhc throats of their wives and children, and then meet their a(railants with a frantic rage, felling their lives as dear as poffiblr^ Their wea|M)ns arc bows and arrows, and fpears. The religious notions of the Kamtfchad.ile» are pretty fingular. They ered a fort of pillar on fome plain, an^ cover it with a parcel of rags. Whenever they pafs by this pillar, they throw at it fome lifh or He(h, and avoid killing any bird or beafl near it. They think that woods and burning mountains arc inhabited by evil fpirits, whom thev live in great te.irof, and make them oU'erings ; fcime of tlicui have idols in their huts. They have a very iitipcrlect idea ofa fiiprcme Being,andthinK he can neither ilifpenfe happinels nor mifery : the name which they have lor the Deity, is Kutrhu. Thry re- verent e fome particular animals, from which they ap- prehend lianger, and limictinics oiler (ires at the holes of foxes ; tluy implore wolves not to hint them, and bcfceih amphibious animals not to overfet their boats. Many of them, however, adopt the Ruffian manners, and contemn the culloinsoi their country; they have lieen indruJhd by Rullian milTionurics in the Chrif- tian religion; and fchools have been creeled for their children. They (hidly obfcrve the law of retaliation : if one nun kills another, the relations of the perfoit killed deftroy the murderer. They puniOi theft, by burning the fingers of the thief, Iktbre the KufTian'i conqiiercdthein, they had fuch fretjiient intclline broils, that a year rarely [MlTcd without fome village being in- tirelv ruined. (ireat havoek is made in this country by the fmalU pox. The fcurvy, with the .rregtilarities of parents, bring a variety of difeafes upon their olfspring, to cure whii h, they apply roots, herbs, &c. The manner in whit h theic jKople live inthcT huts, and their exccfs of debaiif ii-ry.t ontribute to makcthe venereal H ^l-afc very frequent ainr.ng rhem. I h.'y have a diforoer called the fiifluitoh, whit h i.< a (oit of (cab, to which they apply the raw (kinofa harcto < aiifc a fuppuration. They arc like- wife fuhje^t to the puify, jatmdice, boils, cancers, and other difiiriier.s. There arc three volcanoe.^ in Kamtfchatka, the flrfl is that of Awattha, to the northward of the bay of thar name; it is a chain of mtvintains, the bafeof which is covered a ith trees, and extends to the bay. The mid- dle ftmns a kind of amphitheatre, and the various fiimmits which are fpiral cannot be Vicwed without cx- I Iting the iiioll awful ideas. They always emit fmokr, but r.irely fire. Thtrc was ini'ectl a terrible eruption of fmokc and rmtlcrs in the fiimmcr of the year 1737, but it only lominucd one day; many of the cinders weighed almii(> two pounds avnirdupoife. 1 ;.'« erup- tion was the forerunner of a terrible earthqual..-, which happened on the (ixth o( the cnfiiing CX;tober,'and in a quarter of an hoiir overturned all the tents and huts ivf the K.mitft hadalc.i, bc^iic at rompanied by a fiiigii« l.ir ebbing and (lowing of inc fca. which at (irfl roieto the height of twci; ; f>'et. then funk, and retired ro ait unufual diflance; it foon after rofe higher than at firft, ami fuddt Illy finking again, retired fo aAonifhingly far from the common low-w atcr mark that it was for a con- li.lf rable time loll to the rye. At length the earthquake wa* rrpcated, the (ca letiimetl once more, and rofe to the height 111 two hundred feet, overwhelmed the whole I oaO, and tlien finally retired.affr having deHrovcd the gotnls, cattle, and many of thr lives of the inhabitants, ami left (cveral lakes of fttit-watcr in the lower grouivft and adjaicni firldi. 1 he Jircond volcano iducs frMn i ' v 'I r 1:1 S20 ^^MAa Capt* COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. fomc mountaina ficuatcd between the river of KamtC- chatka and that of Tobolfki. Nothing waa ever known to exhale from this but fmoke, till the year 1 7.{9, when it vomited a torrent of Hamet, which deftroycd all the neighbouring forefti. Hie third volcano ifluei from the highell mountains in Kamtfchatka, on the banks of the river of that name. It is environed by a cluder of Icflcr mouniains, and the head is rent into long cre- vices on every tide. Its greateil eruption began Sep- tember 3(, i7J7t and continued a week, which, with an earthquake that followed, did very confiderablcdama^e. In the fouthem extremity of Kamtfchatka there arc hot fprings: they form rivulets, and run almoil the length of the river Ozernaya which iflues from the lake Ku- rilflcy, and then join that Dream ; the waters, however, have no very conJiderabIc degree of heat in them. There is a mountain near the river Pandia, from whofe fummit a prodigious cataratfl of boiling waters run to a confideranledmancc i and continue boiling up to the height of a foot, till they lofc thcmfclves in fc- vcral lakes, which contain a great number of iflands. From rhis mountain the inhabitants obtain fomc beau- tiful Hones, on which they fcta great value, on account of their admirable variegated colours, which are merely the effei}-- of the different powers of heat, humidity, and fritfiion ; for thefe (tones are wallicd from the moun- tains, and arc polilhcd by the abovemcniioned hut and impetuous w;.tcrs. During the winter, a great quantity of fiili harboursin the river of Kamtfchhtka. In ihe Q'ring when the ice breaks, they attempt to get to the lea; but the natives watch the heads ol the rivers, and take a great number of them in a kind of nctsi fome they dry in the fum- mcr, and lay by for their winter footi i and from others they extract the fat, or oil, by means of red hot flones, which they carefully rcferve tor a great variety of ufes. New Albion. This va(l trad of land, and all the N, W, parts df America, nrv put down by all our geo- graphers, in their maps an^ charts, as Terra incognita, or parts intircly unknown. Sir Francis Drake, indeed, difcovcred a port in nearly 40 drg. N. latitude, which he entered, and where he remained Hve weeks. In 1601 Martin Aguilar entered a ftrait in latitude 45 deg. N. and another was difcovcred by Juan de Fuca in 1 591. All the other parts of the coalt, except Cape Klias in la- titude 60 deg. and fomc land difcovered by the Spa- niards, have remained objects of invclligation, to be ex- plored and accurately marked by our gallant Com- mander, Captain Cook, whofcdircovcrics m thefe parts, as high as Cape Prince of Wak«, near the Ardic Circlci together with an account of his death at an iflaud, called O-why-hce, near Kanurchatk.i, will be the fubjeCts of fomc of the following chapters, in the continuation of this hiflory of his third and lad voyage, to which we fliall now proceed. CHAP. X. ^hf Re/olulitin ami Di/cmiery, aflrr ihtir df pari iirf from the Sofirly ljles,p-ofr(ule iha'r voyage — Clnijlmns Ijlwd difcovered, ubere ibey are fiippliid fltnlifully iviib fijh and turtle — // Sohir Eilipfe oMtrird—Tzvo mnniurs lo/e their way on Jlort -—Ajhi^ular mellMd of refrejlung himjelf practiced ly one of ihtfiira^eUn — An iiiftription left in a holtle—il deftrtp* tim of (IbriJJmas Ijlaiid'— Three ijlands deferibed — Oiheisdifo-vered — Their mimes — The u'bole group denominated Sand- Kicb Ijhitds — // complete aecounl of thetrfoi',produllious,iiihnl'ilanis,i3(.'— Qijhms of the naln.'es ap'te xvith tbofe of TongiitatoQ and Otdheile — Extent of ibis nation throughout the Pacific Ocean — And remarks on the ufefulfitueUion of SAnA- wich Ijlands — The Rcfoluliw and Difctvtry proceed to the northward — Saiitical olfervalions made at Sandwich Ijlandt •—Progrefs of the voyage— Arrival 0/ the two /hips on the ' of Ameuca — Defcription of the country — Difficulties of (Mpe Foulweathcr — Stormy, and unfavoiiraile winds — Si lVj on Martin d'Agiiilar's Kiver, and fallacy of Juan de Fuca's pre tended flrait — The Refolution and Dijcniery and . ■ an inlet in Hope Hay, where they are vifited by numbert of the natives — An account of their behaviour — The twojhip' a. r the found, ami moor in a commodious harbour-— yariout incidents and Iranfu'/ions, during our intercourfe with the n.iinrs — Tl.ieir bthaviour at thcir villages, while we made d progrefi round the found— A remarkable vijit from /hangers — A fecond vi/it to one of the villages — Vrafs purehtifed — £V- parturc of the Jhips after an exchange of prefenls — DircUions for failing into tlvfound-^ Its "nine — A copious and enter- tdimng defcription, with fevercl curious obfervations, on the adjacent country, and its inhabitants— Remarks on, and finri- meii 'f the language in Nootka Sound — Ajironomicaland iiautual remarks — Ajlorni after Idiving the found, in which lite Refolution fprings a leak — Tbeftraitof Admiral de I'»nt< paffed utuxamined. ON Monday the 8th of December, having quitted Bolalwla, and the Society Illes, we !5cercd to the northwanl, with the wind oetween N. H. and V.. fcarce ever having it in the S. E. point, till alter we had crolfcd thccqiuiorj nor did we meet with any thing liy which the \u inity ol land was indicated, till we began, about the latitude of 8 deg. S. to fee boobies, incn-of war wars, terns, tropic birds, and a few other lorts. C)iir lon- giiiulc, at this time, we found to be 205 deg. call. In the niglit, between the land, and a ;{d, we pafFiJ the line J und.on Wtilncfday the 14th, foon after day-break, we delcned land, bearing N. E. by E. We perceived ujwn a nearer approach, it was one of thofe low illands, fo Ircqueiuiy met with in this ocean between the tro- Cici; that i», a narrow bank of land, incloling a fva or ike w ithin. In two or three places we faw foiue cocoa- nut trees; but the land in general has a very iK-rile alpcd. U extended, at noon, from N. E. by i\. to S. by E. half E. and dillant about tour iiiilcj. On the weftern tide we found the depth of wator to be from forty to tburteen fathoms, over a fandy bottom. 1 he Captain, being of opinion that turtle n he Spa- o bccx« Com* rfe parts, Arctic tth at an will be in the voyage. goon noon itfclf » iikewife very (hallow. In the morning of the 26th, Captain Gierke was ordered to fend out a boat, with an efficcr, to the fouth-calt part of the lajroon, in queft of turtle; and Captain Cook went himfelf, with Mr. King, each in a boat, to the north- caft part. It was his intention to have gone to the eaftern extremity; but the wind not permitting it, he and Mr. King landed more to leewurd, on a (andy flat, where they caught one turtle. They waiitd through the water to an ifland, where they found only a few birds. Captain Cook, leaving Mr. King hereto obferve the fun's meridian altitude, proceeded to the land that bounds the fca toward the north-weft, which he found even more barren than the laft men- tioned iflc , but walking over to the fca-coaft, he obfcrved three turtles dole to the Ihore, one of which he caught. He then returned on board, as did Mr. King foon afterwards. Though fo few turtles were ob- ferved by thcfc two gentlemen, we did not defpair of a fupply t for fome of the officers of the Difcovcrv, who had been afhore to the fouthward of the channel leading into the lagoon, had more fuccefs, and caught many. The next morning, being Saturday, the 26th, the cutter and pinnace were difpatchcd under the command of Mr. King, to the fouth-eaft part of the illand, within the lagoon, to catch turtle ; and at the fame time the fmall cutter was fcnt towards the north for the fame purpofe. Some of Captain Gierke's people having been on fliore all night, had been fo fortunate as to turn upwards of forty turtles on the fand, which were this day brought on board ; and, in the coutfc of the afternoon, the party detached to the northward returned with half a dozen, and lieing fent back again, continued there till we quitted the ifland, hav- ing, upon the whole, pretty good fuccefs. Sunday, the 2Bth, Captain Cook, .iccompanicd by Mr. Bailey, landed on the illand fituate between the two channels into the lagoon, to prepare the telcfcopcs for obfcrving the folar cclipfe that was expedted to be vifible on the 30th. Towards noon, Mr. King returned with one boat, and eight turtles i fevcn were left behind to be brought by tne other boat, whofe people were em- ployed in catching more ; and in the evening the fame boat conveyed them provifions and water. The next day the two boats, laden with turtle, weit fent back to the diip by Williamfon, who, at the fame time in a mcfl'age to Captain Cook, rcquefted, that the boats might be ordcrctl round by fea, as he had difcovercd a landing place on the fouth-cafl: liilc of the ifland, where the greatcll numbers of turtle werecaujrht; fo that, by difpatcbing boats thither, the trouble of < ir- rying them over the land, as we h.id hitherto done, to the infide of the lagoon, would be Caved. Tuefday the .joth, two gentlemen belonging to the Difcovery returned, who, accompanied by Simeon Woodrotf, the gunner's mate, and ten fcamen, had dirctfled their cgurfe, on the 26th, to the north eaft quarter, in the cutter, having each man a pint of brandy, and a good quantity of water on board. About noon, they arrived at the neck of land, over which they were to travel on foor, to come at the place where the turtle were known to harbour ; and where it was dan- gerous to attempt to ajiproach them by fca, on ac- count of the liirf. Here tliey fccured fately the:: cutter, and ercdcd near the fliorc a kind of hut, to which they earned their provifions, and fat down to refrcfli. This done, ihcy agreed to divide, aiul jnirliie their fpori in diii-.icnt parties. Accoriliiigly they fet out, and before the next morning they had lent in feveral turtles. This they d;d b" placing lOcm acrofs a couple of oars in the mannn ot a bier, and in keep- ing a man employed in conveying them from the place where they were turned, to the cutter. When they grew tired of their diverlion, they repaired to the place of rendezvous; but it was I'omc furpri^c to the ref\, when, at nine in the morniiij. the two gentlemen and the gunner's mate were ii ;." ig. It was con eluded, tnat they had gone too i.ii within land, and that they had eidier Ion their vav, or •■ .mr ■■-.cidenl had befallen them, perhaps ftijui natives lurking fc- N0.64. cretly in the woods, thiough hone had openly appeared. Under thetc apprchenfions, two of their mariners, Bartholomew Lorcman and Ihomas Trecher, were fent out in fearch of them, each carrying a gallon of water, with brandy, and other refrelnmentJ, in cafa they (hould meet with the gentlemen in their way. In a w'ld uncultivated country, over-run with bufhcs anS clofe cover, the reader, who has never been bewildered, can have no idea of .nen's being loft in the fliort fpace of a few miles ; but fo, however, it happened to our gentlemen; who, invited by the mixed melody of the birds in the woods, left their people as foon as thejr had properly ftationcd them, and entered an adjoining thicket, with their guns. The (port they met with led them on till night began to clofe upon them ; when they found thcmfelves at a great diftancc from the turt- lers, and in the midft of a tracklefs cover, with nothing but tall trees to dired their return ; but what wasmoic alarming, the fun was no fooner fet than a thick frg fuc« ceeded, which involved the woods in darknef'., though the open beach remained clear. In vain thcv attempted to regain the fliore ; for, inftcad of bcin^j able to difccrtl the trees they had marked to fecure their return, they could hardly fee one another at three yards dif* tance. In this fituation, they foon began to lofe all knowledge of their way ; and left, inftcad of proceed- ing in the right courfe, they (hould purfue a contrary diredUon, they agreed to (it dow n to reft, and for that purpofe chofe the firft convenient fpot that chance threw in their way. Though their minds were troubled, they had fcarce fet tnemfelves down, when fleep got the better of anxiety, and they lay compofed, til! at- tacked by fwarms of black ants (creatures more poi- fonous than bugs) with which they were in a manner covered when tliey awoke, and fo disfigured and tor- mented with their bites and blifters, that it is hardly pofliliic to defcrihc 'heir diftrefs. Thus circum- flanted, their firfl care was to clear thcmfelves from thcfe vermin by ftripping thcmfelves naked, and fweeping them off with brullies made of the wing^ of the birds they had killed ; this done, they clothed thcmfelves again, in order to renew theii attempts to recover the Ihore ; but all in vain. The farther they walked, as it appeared afterwards, the farther they went aftray. At length, fufjjedling their error, they re- folved to remain (hitionary, and etch man, placing himfelf againft an adjoining tree, endeavoured to con- fole himfelf as well as he could till morning, when the appearance of the fun enabled them to judge of the courfe they were to puifue; but, in a tracklefs wilder- nefs, how were they to make their w.iy ! The Hoods in many places were overgrown with thick grafs and brambles rciching to their middles, and in others (b thick inierfeded with boughs and matted with leaves, that it was hardly pofTible for them to keep company, or to penetrate with their utmoft efforts (when thefe obftriiiltions happened) one hundred yards in as many minutes. They were now gUd to abandon their game, happy if they could regain the open country with the lofs of every thing abput them. The fhirts and trow- fcrs they had on were foon in rags, their fhocs could hardly be kept on their feet, and their linen caps and handkerchiefs were rendered unferviceable, by the frequent repetition of the ufes to which they had been api)licd. In fliort, no degree of diftrefs either of body or mind, could exceed that to which thefe unfortunate gentlemen were now expofed. To their minds it was liiiiie alleviation, when, about ten in the morning, thry heard the found of guns fired from the fliips on pur- pofe to le.id them right, fuppofing them to have loft their way. But this was poor comfort, when they rctkOlcd, that the lliips were at a great diftance, and that it they ventured to take them for theii guide, they (hould never live to fee an end to their journey. Still lalxiuring, therefore, to advance by chc fun, they at length, all at once, obferved an opening, that led, as they thought, to the long-wiflied-for Hiore. The he.irt of man, dilated with the tnoft cxquilite joy, can only be fendblc of the inexpreflible pleafure which the gen- tlemen fell on pcrc^ving ih:s taf of hope. 'They 6 Q_ forgot M I jaa Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. t' 11 i M.V i ■' 1 Dt for the moment, the ptitu of their lacerated lies, though all torn with bricn and bcfmeared with »!ood, and comforted themfclvcs with ihii dawn of 4.'liverance I but they had ftill much to fuller ; for when thev ruflied with cxtafy from the cover, and came to lurvcy the open country, they difcovcred to (heir great mortification, that they were vet at a great pittance from the neck of land, over which their people had paflcd; that thi« opening had brought them to Mother creek or inlet of the Tea. and that they had yet to travel round a vail circle of the thicket before they oould come to the bay that wai even now fcarce within tficir knowledge. On this difcovcry. dcfpair had almod taken place ot hn{>e, when they heard, or thought they beard, a found like that of a man's voice far within the thicket. This, in a fliort time, was anfwercd by a found not unlike the former, but fainter. It was then rightly conjcAurcd. that thcfc founds proceeded from men Tent in.fearch of them, and they all endeavoured tp raifc a halloo in their turn ; but their throats were 6) parched, tnat with their utmod eifoits they could fcarce rife above a whifper. They now lamented the ^ilc of powder, which they had fniitlcfsly expended during the night in making lignals of dillre», and rummaged their c;ifes to nuiftcr up a fingic charge. This, in feme meafure, had the defircd ciVcifl. The report was heard b/ one of (he fcamen wh' v .re in purfuit of ihcui (av will be fccn hereafter) both of whom had been ftruirgling with equal dlHicultics, and tailing under gr^atc- incur.i>rniices, without the lead prcrpc«fl of fuctccdirg in incir fcarch. Tlicfe mtn were now bewildered r'lemriivos \nd hallooed to each other, as veil for ihe fake of kcrping '-ompany, as for fignals to ti'c jcp:linic(^ lloi'ld they be within hc.ir- ing. By thu tinit 'Oi: day was f\\r advanced j and partly w ith fatigMv- 1 id for w.>(tr of •cfVeflimcnt, the gen- tlemen were uhro'.' ('pcrly taken ca i of. The firfl enquiry they made was, whether any of the (hip's company had been fcnt after them ? And being an- fwercd in tlK affirmative, and that they were not yet returiud, they < oulil not help cxprclFing their doubts whether they would return ; adding their wiflies at the fame unie, that no means might be omitted to effedl Cheir recovt-ry. Natural it is for men who havejud expc- iicnccd any lignal deliverance, to feci poignantly for the fatc'.y of others under the fame critical circiimfiances. Jt wa< thea-furc no fuull fatisfpdioii, when they were I told, that every poflible meana would be tried for their relief; and to enable them, who were to be feni on that errand, the better todiredl their fearch, the gentlemen defcribcd as well as they could, the place where they were heard. The evening, however, was now too br ad- vanced, to undertake with any probability of fucccfs, their deliverance. There were now twenty of the crrw (feamen and marines) who had been difpatchcd from on board, for recovering the gentlemen. Thefe had orders from Captain Clerke, totraverfe the thicket in « body, till they fliould find them either living or dead, for, till the gentlemen appeared, nothing could be con- cluded with certainty concerning them. The majority were of opinion, that, if they had been alive, they would certainly have returned as foon as it was dark, as they could have no motive to purfuc their fport in the night ( and it was by no means probable, that they fltould be bewildered, bccaufc they might furely have found the fame way out of the cover, by which they went into it. This was very plaufiblej but fomc on board, who had failed with Commodore Byron, and who remembered the almod impenetrable thickets in the illand of Tinian. where men could not fcconeanr • ther in the open day, at the didancc of three y? Js, knew well how the gentlemen might be entangled, and how hard it would fare with them if it diould fi» happen. hiirly in the morning the party, and their plan of proceeding were lornu\l, which was to march in lines at fuch a didancc from each other, a» to be within hearing, and their loiit was propofcd to be towards the fpot where the found of the voices was heard by the gentlemen. After a diligent fearch of fix hours. Bar- tholomew Lorcman was difcovcred in a mod niiltrabic condition, almod blinded by the venomous bites of the vermin, added to the fcorching heat of the fun, and f|KcchIefs for want of fonicthing to eat. lie made ligns tiir water, and fomc was given him. He was moving about, but totally Ifupid, having no fenfc of danger, or of the miferable condition in which he was found. It fortunately hap()encd, that the boats from both fliips were previoufly lent iriund the point of land, and planted along the coad, as it trended, for the con- vcnieiice of taking the gentlemen on board, in cafe they fliould have liccn found (1 rayed to any cnnliderable didancc. Had this precaution not been obfervcd, the nun mud have ucrilhcd before he could have been con- vc.ed by any other means to the place of rendezvous, and it was w ith the utmod difficulty that he was carried to the ncarcd boar. As foon as he could be brought to his fpccch, he faid,that he had parted from his compa- nion Trecher, in the morning, not in anger, but by ica- fon of a diHercncc in opinion ab(w 'he way back. He faid, they had travelled the day bcfo^o as long at they could in fearch of the gcnilemen without (ucrT*\ and that wlien overcome with fatigue, they fatdown^o refrefli, and he believed, dij".l a little too freely of their gmg, m hich occalioncd liem both to fall afleep. They were ightened" .im tleyawoketofind itnVhtj s-lalthouf.tr;cr "jain. ,s red was now no longer their objedt, thev rofc and waodcred, th • nc her knew nor cared wiierr, till 'lay Iwgs'i tubre.Tk jp<..\ them, and then the; c-Jea- ■ ourcd to .ccj)lle(!' their way, with a view to rcjoi.i their companions; but, after walking and winding about, ai th'.'v could find a patfage through the bufhes, they ae tit began to difi^over that they were going from the Place of rendezvous inllcad of making towards it. aligned to the lad degree w ith walking, and perplexed in their minds, they began to grow carelcfs about living or dying, andtn that humour fat down to lighten their burden oy nukinK an end of their grog and provifions. I'his they had no looner done, than deep again furprizcd them, and notwithdanding the vermin, with which the/ found themfelves covered when they awoke, they found thcmfcives again in the dark, and again rofc up to wan- der about, vJkich they continued to do as before, h- menting III COOK'i THIRD and LAST V6YA0E— To the PAnriL OLJ 523 menting their meltnchdy (ituation. and confultJng wh«i courfe to t«ke. Several wild projcdts came into thfir headi. Thiy had heard of Robinfon Cniroc'j living many years upon an uninhabited idnnd, and why mlRht they not live In this? But hitherto they had fcen no four-footed animal, nor any thing on which they could Tubfin, but turtle and fowls, the latter of which they had no meant to attain, and they were totally unprovided with every eanhly thing but what they carried about them. Tnat fcheme therefore appeared too romantic. They next thought of climbing'the highcft tree, to trv if thevcoulddifcoveranyhilloreminence.from whence they might take a view of the country, in order to be certain whether it was inhabited or not. This was approved by both, and Trether mounted the loftieft tree within hit reach, from whence, he faid, he could difcern, to- wards the S. W. a mountain of conltderable height, and as that was the point that led to the fliips. thither he propofcd that they (hould gO; but Ixircman rather chofc to depend upon Providence, and endeavour to regain the Ihore, as he judged by a report of a gun, which he thought he heard the day before, that it muft lie in the direction from whence the found proceeded, und thither he was endeavouring to make his way, till his eye -fight failed him, and he loft all fenfeof adUon. His companion, he faid, who was at fome diftance far- ther in the thicket, and who did not hear the report of the giin, did not believe what he faid ; whereupon they agreed to part. What courfe Trccher took, he could not tell, but he believed to the S. W. I-oreman was iud(;ed in tcr" c'lngcrous a way to admit of any delay: he was therefore fent off in a boat, and being put under the cnre of the furgcon, foon recovered. After this detail it was debated, whether to refign Trecher to hi» fate, or to continue the fearch. The hu- manity of the officer who hail the command of the party prevailed. In confequence of this, the whole party, in the morning, about ten o'clock, after taking fome refrclhmint.fct out tofcour the thickets, and, by hallooing, beating of drums, and purfuing different courfcs, determined he (liould hear them if he were •live. It was no eafy talk to penetrate a tracklefs cover, overgrown with undernooil, and almunding with in- fects, of which the mufltatoes were the leaft troiiblcfome. But numbers make that eafy, which to individuals would he impradicablc. They went on chearfully at firft; but before a few hours were elapfcd, even the gentle- men, who were infpiritcd by their fucccfs in killing game, began to be tired, and it was thought advifeable to reft and refrcni theinfelves during the inrenfc mid- day he.it, and to renew the purfuit after they had dined. I\ . yet they had not been able ro difcover any trace or track of the man they were purfuing, though it had he-.'. V ;reeu between Trecher and his companion, to cut iKX'' iiii from the trees, as they palled along, by way of uiarK or miide to eich other, in cafe of fcparation. This was \ > fmalldifcouragcmrnt; and few had any rMifh to renew a labour attended with fo much fatigue, ■.lid fo little profped of fuccefs. The olViccrs alone were bent on the purfuit. The men, thoiigh thi-y were no trfs willing, were not equally able to endure the fa- fc^aii , and lome of them were even rcnJy to drop, Ixforctheirdii.t.er and grog had rovi-.ci their fpirits. The only expedient, that now remained to be tried, was, that which Trecher had hit upon, namely, to climb the higheft tret that appeared i.i view, in order to look for the mo' .itain, to which it was thought probable hat he might dire(!l his courfe. This was no fooner prop I cd than executed, and the high land fccmed it no f;«at diftance from the pl.Tcc where the party had dined. It was now agreed u, make tl\e beh oi" their way to the eminence, but thij proved not fo eafy a talk as it at firft appeared tc \k. When they thought thein- felves juft rc.idy to mount, they met with a lagoon that interrupted their progrefs; and coafting it aloni'. they difcovered the (keleton of a creature that, by it^ Ic.igth, appeared to be an alligator. In viewing this narrowly, fomething like the track of a large animal was ob- ferved to have paffcd it, and the high grafs on the mar- gin of the lagoon to have been Irefli trodden. This excited the curioftty of the whole party, who imagined that fome monfter inhabited the lagoon, againft which it was pnident Ti» them to be on their guard. 1'he waters of the bgortn were fait as brine, aniTevery wheri fkirtcd with a kind of reed and fedge, that reached as high as a man's head, and could not be penetrated without danger from fcorpions or other venomous rep- tiles, fevcralof which had been feen in the bulhes. All attempts therefore of fucceedingby this courfe an-* pcared to be labour loft, and as no other were thougnt more probable, it was refolved to rclinquifti the pur- fuit, and to return to the boats ; but the day being aU ready too far fpent to make their return pra>fticable be- fore the morning, it was agreed to coaft it along the lake, to endeavour to find acceft td the oppoflte nillsi and this was the more eafily effeded, as between the fcdgy border and the thicket, there was an open fpace of unequal breadth, only fometmies Interfedled with patches of brambles that joined the take, but of no f'rcat extent. Through thefc ihty made their way with ittle oppofition till the lake appeared to deepen, when a moft fliibborn wooily copfe fcemed to bid defiance to their further progrefn. This difficulty, however, was with much labour liirmountcd, and it was no foonei^ paflcd, than the lake was found to terminate, and the ground to rife. The country now began to put on a new face. The profped which had hitlierto prefcnted nothing hut a wild and almoft impenetrable tnickct, aa thev aR-ended the riling ground, became delightful ; and when they had attained the fummit of the emi- nence, was exceedin;;!/ pidurefque. Here they de- termined to pafs the night within a pleafant grove, which fecmed to be dcfigncd by nature for a pmcc of reft. The whole party now affemblcd, and orders were given by the commanding officers to erect temporary tents to fticltcr them from the evening damps. Thefe tents were only boughs and leaves of trees fet up tent fafhion. In this fcrvicc fome were employed in cutting down and preparing materials, while others were bu- ficd in difpofing and putting them together: fome were ordered to colled fuel, and others to carry it to an adjoining hill, in order to be kindled at the clofc of day, and kept burning during the night, by way of fignal, to let the boats know tifiat the party were fafc, and that they had not yet relinquiftied the fearch. Add to thefe orders, that a fcntiocl was to attend the fire in the night, and a watch to \»r. regularly fet and relieved to guard the tents. In the mean time, the gentlemen anuifeil themfclvcs hy taking a view of the Ligoon from the hills, and obfervjng its extent. It is bounded on three fides by a ridge of hills, and open only to the N. W. from which quarter they had approached it. They alfo obfcrved an open down to trend towards the ftiorc.by which the low grounds were dividcd,and hence they concluded, that their return would be much ftior- tened. Before night fet in, the tents were complcatcd, and the orders that had been given were carried punc- tually into execution; the fire was lighted; the fenti- ncl at his ftation; the watch fet; and the party ail re- tired to reft. About midnight the fentinel, who at- tended the fire, was fiirprized by a four-footed monfter, that had ftole upon him with a flow and folemn pace, and was juft ready to fcizc him, when he rtartcd fud- denly from it, and flew down to the tents to apprize the watch. The olliccr on duty was prefcntly made ac- quainted with the impending danger, who immediately called to their alfidance the fcrjcantof marines, the fc- cond mate, and the armourer, the ftouteft men of the party. With this rcinforreinent they marched up the hill inform. Mr. Hollingftjy and Mr. Dixon in front, the ferjcant and 'i.r 'Iti inel in the next line, and two failors in the x> ir As ihey approached the fire, the fentinel, pcepir^' uvtin behind the armourer, beheld th(. Mumfter th:( ijgh th • fmokc, as tall again as he ap- peared before, i/d iVRied the front line to kneel and firc; but thearr.itMircT, fcuing neither devil nor mon- fter, determined to face the enemy. He therefore .nd- vanccd boldly, iind locking ftiarply, took the monllcr for a man, and called him to fpeak, in the ufual phrafe of a fcamau. B..it what was their aftoniflnnenr, when I. 1 /.yn,^'' 'i^v m\ JH Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. n i: Mtl p., -4' when chejr beheld the very identical Thomai I'rechcr, of whom they hid been in fearch fii kms, crawling upon all fours, for hia feet werefoblinered that he coiiKl not ftand, and hit throat fo parched that he could not fpcuk. It i* hard to fay which was predominant, their furpri/c or iov. No time, however, was loft in adminiftering relief. Some ran to the tents to tell the news, and to bring fome refr<(hment, whde the reft ftrovc to cafe him, by fiiuporting him in their arms. In a few minutei he was uirrounoed by the whole party, fomc eager lu hear his ftory, and all to give him relief. Tnc oHicrrs brought him cordials, which they adminiftered fpar- ingly tdl he was brought to his fpcech. He was a molt afteding fpeiflacle, bliftcred from head to fiwt by poifonous infers, whofc venomous ftings had caufcd fuch an intolerable itching, that his very olood was in- flamed by conftant rubbing. By anointing him with oil, the acrimony in fomc degree abated, and by fre- quently giving him fmall quantities of tea mixed with a little brandy, they brought him to his fpecch ; but it was fome clays before he recovered the pcrfeiil ufc of his fenfcs. As foon as they had recovered him fo far, by proper refreftiments, as to entertain hopes of faving his life, they carried him to bed, and ordered one of his mefTmates to attend him. In the morning his fever Mas abated ; but there arofe a difficulty, how he was to be conveyed more than twelve miles, through a coun- try, fuch as has been dcfcribed, in his weak condition. To Englifh failors nothing, that is not impolFible, is im- pradicablc. One of them rememljcrcd that, when he was a boy, his fchoolfellows ufed to divert thcmfclvcs with making fcdan chairs of ruflics, and he thought it an eafy matter to frame fuch a one from the materials in the thicket, that would anfwcr the purpofe. This was no fooner propofed than cxecutal, and a machine contrived, in which they took it by turns to carry him through almoft infurmoiintable obltrudions. The gen- tlemen had, indeed, difcovcred a lefs encumbered paf- liige than that, through which they had made their way the day before ; but it reached very little farther than they could fee with the naked eye ; all tho low ground beyond was fwampy and reedy, and alwunding with infers of various kinds. In the evening, inexprel- fibly fatigued, they reached the beach, where the I)if- covery's cutter was grounded, and where likewife the Rcfolution's boat, that had licen waiting all the day be- fore on the oppofitc fide cf the pcninfula, was arrived. After ibmc (light refieflunent, e.ich party repaired to their own (hip 1 and Trccher, being committed to the furgeon's care, recovered gradually, but it was I'onie weeks before he was (it to do duty. Conlidering what flrangc people the gen rality of failors arc, while on (horc, we might, inftead of being much furprized, that the two fcamcn (hould lofc their way, rather wonder that no more of them were miffing. This day, (Tucfday, the 30th) Captain Qwk. and MclTrs. King and Bailey, repaired in the morning to the fmall illand, to obferve the cclipfc of the fun. The fkv was overcaft at times; but it was clear when the eciipfe ended. Having (bme yams and cocoa-nuts on board, in a (^atc of vegetation, we planted them on this fpot, and fome feeds of melons were fown in ano- ther place. The Captain alfo left on this little ifle a bottle, having this infcription : C(orpi4s Tcrlius, Rfx, 31 Decembrts. 1777. - , C RefolutioH, Jitc. Cook, Pr. ^aves j D,fcovfry,Car.aerke,Pr. On Thurfday the 1 ft of January, our A. D. •TV^-j^jtg ^,grc fent out to bring on board our didcrcnt parties employed on (hore, who, in the couifc of a week, had taken more than lOO turtle, from i fo to {OO pound weight: but wc had not been able to dil'- covcr any frefti water. It being late lielbre this bull- ncfs was completed, the Captain thought pro|)er to de- fer failing till the next morning. The turtle we pro- cured at this idard were all of the green fort, and, per haps, not inferior in goodnefs to any in the world. Wc alfo caught with hook and line, a great quantity of fifti, principally confifting of cavaUies, fnappcrs, and a few rock fifli of two fpccics, one with whiiilh ftrcaks fcattered about, and the other with numeroua blue fpots. The foti of this ifland. (to which the name of Chrill mas Idand was given, becaufc wc kept that feftival here,) is. in fome places, light and blackidi, and compolcd of fand, the dung of birds, and rotten vegetables. In other parti, it is formed of broken coral (tones, decayed (hells, and other marine produc- tions, Thefe arc depolitcd in long, narrow ridges, lymg parallel with the fea-coaft , and niuft have been thrown up by the waves, though they do not reach at prefent, within a mile of thefe places. This feems to prove inconteftibl^, that the illand has been produced by different .-iccefTions from the fca, and is in a ftate of augmentation! the broken pieces of coral, and like- wife many of the ftiells, being too large and heavy to have been brought from the beach by any birds to the places where they are now lying. Though wc could not, alter repeatedly digging, find a drop of frefti water, wc met with fevcral fait ponds, which, as they had no communication with the fea, were probably filled by the water (iltrating through the fand during the time of high tidea. One of the men who loft their way found fome fait on the fouth-eaftern part of the ifland. Wc could not difcovcr the fmalltft trac es of any human creature having ever been here before us i and, indeed, ftiould nny one be accidentally driven on the ifland, or left there, he would hardly be able to prolong hisexift- ence: for though there are birds and fiih in abundance, there are no viliblc means of allaying thirft, nor any vegetable that v.ould fcrve as a fubftitutc for bread, or corret'l the Ixid ctfcCls of animal diet. On the few co- coa-nut trees upon the ifland, we found very little fruit, and th:it little not gcxxl, A few low trees were ob- ferved in fomc parts, befides fcvcial fmall flirubs and plains, which grew in a very Innguiil manner. Wc found a loit of puinain, a fpccics of fida, or Indian mallow, and another plant that fee me I, from its leaves, to be :i mi- frill' riMiib, mum ■ with two forts of giar>. Under the low trees fat vaft numbers of a new fpecics of tern, or egg-bird, black above, and white below, having a white arch on the forehead. ThcIc birds are fomcwhat larger than the common noddy; their eggs are bluifti, ami fpcckled with black. There were likewife many common boobies; a fort grvatly refemb- lingaganncti and a ch(Kolate-coloured fpccics, with a white belly. Men-of-war birds, curlews, plovc «, and tropic birds, arc to be (bund here. Wc faw numbers of land-crabs, finall lizards, and fevcral rats finalicr than ours. This ifland is fuppofed by Captain Cook to be between 1 5 and 20 leagues in circuit. Its form is femi- circular j or like the moon in her laft quarter, the two horns being the north and (buth points. Ihc weft (idc, or the fmall ifland fituaie at ilv.- entrance into the la- goon, lies in aoj dcg. jo min. call longitude, and in the latitude of i deg. 59 nun. north Like moft of the other iilcs in this ocean, t:hriftmas Ifland is fur- rounded by a reef of coral rock, extending but a little way from the (hore; and further out than this rce(,on the weftern fide, is a bank of fand, which extends a mile into the fca. There is good anchnrige on this bank, in any depth betw een eighteen and thirty fathom. During our continuante here, the wind generally blew a frcfh gale at E. by S. or M. and wc had conftantly a great fwell from the northward, which broke on the reef in a very violent manner. Friday, the and, at day-break, wc unmoored, fet fail, and refumcd our northerly courfc, with the Dif- covery in company. As we were now cleat of land, had a profperouj gale, and plenty of provifions, the men were allowed tuitlc to boil with their pork, which in a few days wasdifcoiitinued by the advice of the furgeon, and turtle fublfituted in the room of every other kind of meat. This was found hotn healthful and nourifti- ing,and was therelbrc continued till within a few days of our arrival at another ifland, where wc met with frcfh provifions and water equal to any wc brought with us from the Society Iflcs. On the 3d, the wind fliiftcd, and a ftorm came on, preceded by a lowering ilarkncfs, that prcfagcd fomc violent convullion, and fuun after it broke forth in thunder, lightning, wind and 2 rain, ,1 rain. f^ I . i - Ir '■§ m ' L I. jT^ »••« • .* Hi J 5-1 S ^ ' i i M IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^^ 1.1 I 1.25 125 ittUii ■ 2.2 Ui 114 LS, 12.0 Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716)«72-4S03 •ss <^ ^'1^^ "-^ O^ s-^ if Mi .1 iX I IH'r J J If ' ii.t I COOK \THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN* &c. 525 fain, which ia two hours incrcafcd to fuch a raging decree, as no man 011 fioard had ever known the like. Fortunately, it was but of fhort continuance; but, in that little time, the fea broke over our quarter, ^and cleared ibc deci.s of every thing that was loofe. After this we liad a gentle breeze at E. and E.S. E. which coi inuedtillwe arrived in the latitude of 7 dcg. 45 min. N and in 205 deg. eaft longitude, where we had one day of perfed calm. A N. E. by E. wind then fuc- cceded, which blew faintly at firft, but fredicncd as wc proceeded northward. Wc daily obfcrved tropic birds, boobies. &c. and between the latitude of 10 and 11 deg. N. wc faw feveral turtles. Though all thefe, arc conlidered as figns of the proximity of land, we; difcovered none till early in the morning of Sunday, the 1 8th, when an iftand appeared bearing N. E. by E. Not long after nrore lartd was feen, which bore N. and was totally detached from the former. At noon, the firft was fuppofed to be 8 or 9 leagues diftant. Our longitude at this time, was 200 deg. 41 min. E. and our latitude 2 1 deg. 1 2 min. N. The next day, at fun-rife, the ifland firft feen bore E. diftant 7 leagues. Not be- ing able to reach this, we ftiaped our courfe for the others and foon after, obfcrved a third ifland, bearing W. N. W. We had now a fine breeze at E. by N. and, at noon, the fecond ifland, named Atooi, for the eaft end of which we were ftecring, was about two leagues diftant. As we made a nearer approach, many of the inhabit- ants put ofl' from the Ihore in their canoes, and very readily camcalong-fidc theftiips. Wc were agreeably fur- prizcd to find, that they fpoke i dialeift of thcOtaheitean. language. They could not be prevailed on, by any en- treaties, to come on board. We conveyed to thofe in the ncareft car-.oc fome brafs medals, tied to a rope; and they, iii return, faftened fome mackarel to the rope, by way of an equivalent. This was repeated; and fome nails or pieces of iron, were given them; for which they returned in exchange fome more fifti, and a fweet potaiot i a lure indication of their having fome notion of bartering, or, at Icaft. of returning one prefent for another. One of them even cJtfercd for falc the piece of ftuff which he wore about his waift. Thefe people did not exceed the ordinary fize, but are ftoutly made. Their complexion is brown; and though there appears but little difference in the cafts of their colour, there is a confiderable variation in their features. Moft ot them have their hair cropped fliort ; a few had it tied in a bunch at the top of the head ; and others futfered; it to flow loofc. It feemed to be naturally black ; but the generality of them had flained it with fome ftuif which communicated to it a brownifti colour. MoR of them had pretty long beards. They had no or- naments about their perfons ; nor didwe obferve that they had their ears perforated. Some of them w;ere tatooed on the hands, or near the groin; and the pieces of cloth, worn by them roiuid their middle, were cu- rioufly coloured with whiR, black and red. They feemed to be mild and good naturcd ; and were fur- nilhed with no arms of any kind, except fome fmall (tones, which they had manifeftly brought for their own defence ; and thefe they threw into the fea when they foui.d there was no occafion for th(m. Perceiv- ing no figns of an anchoring place, at this eaftern eXr. trcmity of the ifland. we bore away to leewarfl, and; ranged along the S. E. fide of the coaft, at the diftance of about a mile and a half from the fhore. The. ca- noes left us when we made fail ; but others came off, as *e proceeded along the coaft, and brought with them pigs and fome excellent potatoes, which they exchanged for whatever wc offered to them; and feveral fmall.piga were purchafed by us for a fix-penny nail each* We pafled divers villages; fome of which were fituated iisar the fea, and odiers. further up the country. The inhabitants of all of them came m cfli«»(Jsitotht8ifr«(t«,| and aflcmbledon the elevated places totakea ^wVr «^ the Ihips. OintlwfitleofHthe ifland ihijJilmtlrTiSfJnii gentle acQlivitjf ftQOVthfc&nts thcibfKtPtnof (h«ix>PMn<^ tains, which occupy the central part of; i^e country, ex- cept at one place near the e«fti}m««mlr«h«w :*H(^ tifq Uiimcdiatcly from the fea : they fc^mcd 19 be compofed No. 64. of.ftone, or rocks lying in an horizontal ftiata. Wd obfcrved a fcvy trees about the villages 1 near which we could alfodifc^n feveral plantations of fugar-cancs anij plantains. We\:ontinucd to found, but did not llnkc ground with a linf of 50 fathoms, till we came abrcaft of a low point, ndar the N. W. extremity of the ifland^ where we found from 12 to 14 fathoms, over a rocky bottom. Having pafTed this point, wc met w ith 20 fa;.- thoms.then 16, and at laft 5, over a bottom of land. We fpent the night in ftanding off and on, and the ne:grd(r> that the, crews of the boats (hould not gd afliOiie, wa8,it^^< he might prevent, if poflible, the im- portation of a dangerous difeafe into this ifland, which' he knew fome of our people now laboured uiider, and yyhich we, unfo^;tunately, had received from, and com- municated ,t9i,|.Qrhe^illands in this ocean. From the fame humane nf^^iye, he commanded, that all female vifitants diQuldi be excluded from both the ftiips. Many perfons of thia fex had come off in the canoes. Their fcaiur^s, corriplexion, and ftaturc, were not very dif- ferent from thofe pf the meni and though their coun- tenancjcs wcits.ex|:r^|Dely m>cn ajid agreeable, few traces of;delicacf.wpre;;Yi6W«cil?her inflieir faces or othcjl proportions. , The «n)y,diff<[»vnce in their dtefs wafi thQirii^aY^itg<|J>>il !'.j| 5^6 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES CO M PvL B T^^. board, as fome of the ihett ^tt t but the Comtnodore Was extremely deflroui of preventing all conne^Hon, Vhich tnight, in all probability, convey an irreptJrable injury to themfelves, and aitcrwards, through their tneans, to the whole nation. Another prudent precau- tion was taken, by ftritflly cnjoinine, that no perfon, capable of comnfiunicating the infrdlion, (houldbe icnt ttn duty out of the fliips. Captain Cook had paid equal attention to the fame objeift, when he firll vifited the Friendly Iflesj but he afterwards found, to his great fegret, 'at his endeavours had not fuccecded. And there i^ rcafon to apprehciid, that this will conftantly be the vafe; in fuch voyages as ours, whenever it is ne- Celfary that many people (hould be employed on fliorc. The opportunities and incitements to an amorous inter* cmirfc are then too numerous to be cfTeilluaHy guarded againf^; and however confident a commander mav be of the health of his men, he is often undeceived too late. Among a number of men, there are in general to be found f.mc, who endeavour to conceal any venereal iVmptoins, and there arc others fo proHigate and aban< Goned, as not to care to whom they communicate this difeafc. We had an inttance of this laft obfervation at Tongataboo, in the gunner of the Difcovery, who had been Rationed on (hore. After knowing that he had cnntraded this difordcr, he continued to have connec- tions with different women, who were fuppofed to have been, till that time, free from any infeftion. His com- panions rcmonftratxl to him on this fcandalous beha- viour without eife(ft, till Captain Gierke, being informed df it, ordered him to repair on board. During the time the boats were employed in recon- noitering the coafl, we flood off and on with the fhips. Towards noon our lieutenant returned, and reported, that he had oblerved, behind a beach near one of the villages, a large pond, faid by the natives to contain trcih water, and that there was tolerable anchoring ground before it. He alfo had made an attempt to land in another place, bift was prevented by the iflanders, Who coming down in great numbers to the boats, en- deavoured to take away the oars, mufquets, and every other article they < ould lay hold of; and crowded (o thurk upon him and his people, that he was under the neceflity of firing, hy which 6nt man was killedi This tihfbrtunate circumltance, however, was not knOwn to Captain Cook till after we had quitted the ifland, fo that all his mcafures were direded as if no affair of that kind had happened. Ml-. Williamfon infbrmed him, that as^foon as the man fell, he was taken up and car- ded on by his countrymen, who then retired from the boats ; but (till they made figtials for Oiir people to land, Which they declined. Ft did not appear^ that the na- tives bad the lead intention of killing, or even hutting any of them, but were excited by cunofity alone, to get from them what they had, being prepared to give, m itturn, any thing that Appertained to themfelves. Captain Cook then difpatcmd'tohe of the boats to lie in the bcfl anchoring ground ; and, when (he had gained this Oation, we bore down with the (hips, and call anchor in 25 fathoms water, over a fandy bottom. The eaflern point of the toad, which was the low point al- ready mentioned, bore fouth 31 deg. €aft; the weft point north 6j deg. weft; and the viUage neaf which the freih water was faid to be. Was one niil^ dtftanc. The (hips being thus ftationed, birtweeB three and four in the afternoon, the captain went aflwre with three armed boats, and twelve of the marines, with a view of examining the water, and trying the difpo(ition of the natives, who had AfTembled in conlidcMbte nlimbert on a fandy beach before the village i bttHAilA it Wai a valteyt in which Was the pieb«l« Idnefpace, of conftderable extent, environed by a ftone wall, four or five feet high. The indo&d fpacc waa loefely p\ved, and at one end of it was placed the obc- lilk or pyramid, called by the natives hcnananoo, which was an exaSt model of the larger one «n had fcen from the fliips. It was abouc twenty feet in height, and four feet fqiiareiatthe baft.- Icsrtou* 4Ucs were formed of ffiull poies, imerwoveii wiikurigs amd branches, thus compofin^ aiv andiffdrtnc wicker-work, hollow within, from the top to the bottom. It appeared to be in a ruinous ftate, and had been originally covered with* thin greyifti cloth. On each fide of it were long piece* otwicker-work. temied hetcanee, in a condition equalifr ruinous^ with two poles inclining towards each otlier ae one comer, on which fohiepkmtains, were placed on « board, fix«xi at the height t>f about fix feet. ' This the iflanders call herairemy, and. they laid the fruit wat offered to their deity. Before tlic hcnananoo were feveral pieces of wood, caryM in fome rcfcmblancc of huinaik nguresi There was alfo a ftdne neiu- two feet in height^ covered with^ck>tK. Adjoining to this, on the outiidc of the nibrai. Was a fmal) ftied, which they call haree^ pahooi and before it was a grave, where the remains of a woman had been dcpofited. On the further fide of the area of the moral was a houfe, or ftied, called hemanaa, about forty feet in length, tert in breadth,* but narrtwer at each end: though confiderably tongerv it was lower than their common habitationii. Oppofitq the eMtMnee into this i houfe flood two images, ncaii three fo^t hig|h, cut out of one piece of wood, witli pe- deftaht dnqr'wem faidto be Eatooa no Vcheina, or re- ptcfentatitwisof goddefles,.andweic not veryindifte^ ylttthii^indef^inorexetation. Oiithehcadofooe fhtttti JWM14 vCyKndrical cap, not mlike the head« drdrsib Otahbinit eaUed ibntoui and oKthat ,of the other/'* CatvMlclMt^et; fiMmWhttdrefirmbliitg thdkoi the antkm wal«ii»Bi and both of them bad pieces ai cloth feftcnad'iboiittheloins^ «fldh«igiiigdownacon- .J ( ■ . : ■ .( - fidccafak (M t J [Hi ; HV 'i^'* »»• tw #« • » • • > - 5:,?- i ,',.o-'l Mr • ■ ■ - ■. .. .'.uk f ,•••4" * *■ 1 f 1. V ■■•!.;■! d.^^'*^^^: ^'1 u!i'/,. : ■ • :' fJ .' >• * :ll '■ !• it ,, **: '■■■•-■* « ■ ■ ,...., .., ?•< .,'( iji t .•■■ 1 ' 'ii \t'- ' A 11 \ ■"■' r f COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 527 ndcrabic way. At the fide of e«ch w«i alfo a piece of carved wood, with cloth hung on ir. Bcjore the pe- deftaU lay a quantity of fern, that had been placed there at different timet, in the middle of the hourc, and before the images, was an oblong fpacc, inc ofcd by an edging of ftone, and covered with ftireds of cloth : this was the grave of feven chiefs, and was called henecnc. We had already met with fo many inttancc* of refemblance, between the moral we were now vifit- ing. and thofe of the iflands we had lately vifited, that we entertained little doubt in our own minds of the fimilarity In their rites, and particularly in the horria oblation of human bcrifices. Our fufpiciont were fodn confirmed ; for on one fide of the entrance into the hemanaa we obfcrved a fmall fquare place, and another ftill fmaller J and on afking what thefe were, we were informed by our condudor, that in one of them was interred a man, and '" 'he other a hog. both which had been offered up to the deity. At no great diftance from thefe were three other fquare inclofed places, with two i>iece» of carved wood at each of them, afld a heap of brn upon them. Thefe were the gravesof three chiefs, and before them was an inclofed fpace,. of an oblong figure, called Tangautaboo, by our guide, who de- clared to us, that three human facrinces, one at the fiineral of each chief, had been buried there. Indeed, every appearance induced us to believe, that this in- human pra(flice was very general. In many fpots within this burying-ground, were planted trees of the Morinda Citrifolia, and Cordia Sebaftina, befides feveral plants of the E^tce, with the leaves of which the hemanaa was thatched. Our Journey to and from this morai, lay throueh the plantations. We obferved moft df the ground was perfedUy flat, with ditches interfering diftercnt parts, and roads that fconefl to have been raifed to fomc height by art. The inteiVeHing fpaces, in general, were planted with taro, which grew with great vigour. There were feveral fpou where the cloth-mulberry was planted, in regular rows; this alfo grew vigoroufly. The cocoa- trees were in a lefs thriving condition, and were all low; but the plantain-trees made a pretty good appearance. Upon the whole, d^e trees that are moft numerous around this village, ate the cordia febaftina. The greateft part of the villacec it near the beach, and con- lifts of upwards of fixty noufes there, and we faw near forty more fcattered about towards the morai. After we had carefully examined whatever was worthy of no- tice about the morai, we returned by a different rout. We found a multitude coUofted at the beach, and a bnflc trade for fowls, pigs, and vegetables, going on, with the grcatcft,onier and detoruni : at noon Captain Cook went on board to dinner, and then fentMr.King 10 take the command of the party on fliorc^ During the afternoon he landed aoain, accompanied by Captain Clerke, intending to make another excurfion up the country } but beTorc be could execute this defigrt the day was too &r fpents he therefore relinc^uiftied nit in- tention for the prefent, and no opportunity afterwards occurred. - Towards fiit>.ret,theCaptaJn and our people.retunied onboard, after having procured, in thecourfeof this day, nine tons of watery and (principally tr^iexchangi- ing nails, and piecesiof iron) ieventy pigs, lome fowh, plantains, poutoet, aiid are roott. In thit commef'- cial intercourfe, the iflanden deferred our beft com- mendations, mahing no attempts to cheat us, cither alone fide our ftiipa^ or on ihore. Some of thetn, in- 4ted, as we have already relaud, betrayed at firft a , pilfering difpofition, or, perhapsj they- imagined that 4hcy had a right to ail they could' lay their hands on ; but they quickly defifted from a condudt,- which, we convinced them, could not be perfevcred in with im- punity. Amorw.thevarioua articles which they broyght to barter this aky, we were particularly pleafed with a fort of cloak and cap, yAud\t even in more polifhcd eounrries, might be elteemcd elegant. Thefe cloaks are nearly of the fliape and fise ofthe (hort oaes worn ^ by the men In Spain, and by the women in' fingland, ! tied bofcly before, and reaching to the iaiddle of the ' back. The ground of them is a network, with the moii beautiful red and yellow feathers fo clofcly fixed up it, that the furface, both in point of fmoothnefs and glofl^nefs, rcfembles the richeft velvet. The methods of varying the mixture are very different, fome of thcin having triangular fuacet of yellow and red alternately 1 others a fort of crefcent ; while fome wen. entirely red, except that they had a broad yellow, border. The bril- liant colour of the feathers, in thofe cloaks that were new, had a very fine effedt. The natives, at firft, re- fufed to part with one of thefe cloaks for any thing we offered in exchange, demanding no lefs price than one J our niufquets. They afterwards, however, parted with fomc of them for very large nails. Thofe of the beft fort were fcarce; and it is probable, that they are ufed only on particular occafions. The caps are made in the form of a helmet, with the middle part or creft, frequently of a hand's breadth. Ihey fit very clofe upon the head, and have notches to admit the ears. Tney Confift of twigs and ofiers, covered with net-work, into which feathers are wrought, as upon the cloaks, but fomewhat clofer, and lefs diverfified ; the major part being red, with fome yellow, green, or black ftripes, on the fides. Thefe caps, in all probability, complete the drefs, with the cloaks ; for the idanders appeared fometimcs in both together. We could not conjcdure from whence they obtained fuch a quantity of thefe beautiful feathers j but we foon procured intelligence rcfpeding one fort ; for they afterwards brought for fale great numbers of ficins of a finall red fpecies of birds, frequently tied up in bunches of twenty or up. wards, or having a wooden fliewer run through them. At firft, thofe that «ere purchafed confiftcd only of the (kin from behind the winns forward 1 but we afterwards obtained many with the nind part, including the feet and tail. The former inftantly fuggefted to us the ori- gin of the fable of the birds of paradife being dcftitute of legs, and fufRciently explained that particular. The reafon afligned bythe inhaoitantsof Atooiforthecuftom of cutting off the feet of thefe birds, is, that by this praAice they can preferve them the more eafily, with- out lofingany part which they confider as more valuable. According to Mr. Anderfon, the red bird of this ifiand it a fpecies of merops, about as large as a fparrow t it| ct^ur a beautiful fcarlet, with the tails and wbigt black ; a bill arched, and twice as long as the head, which, with the feet, is of a reddifh hue. The contents of the heads were taken out, as in the birds of paradif.' ; but we did not find that they pradiced any other n(iode of preferving them, than thatof fimple drying. On Thunday the 23d we had almoft continual rain for the whole morning. The wind was at S. E. S. S. £. and S. and the furf broke fo high upon the (hore, that our boats were prevented from landing. We were not fniB very fecure fituation, there being breakers within the length of little more than two cab^s from the Refor lution's ftern. The natives, notwithftanding the furfi ventured out in their canoot, bringing off to us hogs and vegetables, which they exchanged, as before, for our commodities. One of their number, who offered foine fifli>hooks for fate, was obferved to have a very ^ fmall parcel, faftened to the ftringof one of them, which ' he carefully feparated, and referved for himfelf, whea he had difpofed ofthe hook. Upon being afl^ed what it was, he pointed to his belly; faying, at tm fame time, it was bad. He was requefted to open the parcel, which he did with great reludancc, and we found that it con- tained a fmall thin piece of fleih, which had, to all ap- pearance, been dried, but wat at prrfent wet with fait water. Imagining that it might be human flefti, vk put the queftion to the producer of if, who anfwered, that the flefh was part of a num. Another ofthe iflandeis who ftood near him was then afked, whether it was a cuftom among them to eat their enemies who had been flain in battle; and he immediately replied in the aflic. mative. In the afternoon we had fome intervals of fair weather. The wind then changed to the E. and N. E< but, towands the evening, it veeml back again to S. 3. & The liaht alfo returniin, cMstinuedthe whole n^ht, but wat tio( attended with much wind. On the 33d, at fevep ;: 1 1 ii 5«8 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. fcven o'clock A. M. a north-eagerly breeze fpringing up, our anchors were ordered to be taken up, with a view of removing the Rcfoiution further out. A« foon as the laft anchor was up, the wind veering to the eaft, rendered it neccfTary to make all the fail we could, for the purpofc of clearing the fliorc; fothat before we had good fca-room,we were driven confiderably to leeward. Wf endeavoured to regain the road, but having a ftrong current againfl us, and very little wind, we could not accomplifh that delign. Our Commodore therefore difpatched MeflVs. King and Williamfon afhore, with three boats, to procure water and rcfrefhmenu, fending at the fame time, an order to Captain Clerk, to put to fca after him, if he fliould find that the Refolution was unable to recover the road. Having hopes of finding perhaps a harbour, at the weft end of the ifland, we were the Icfs anxious of regaining our former ftationt but boats having been fent thither, we kept as much as pofliblc to w indward, notwithftanding which, at noon, our Ihip was three leagues to leeward. As we approached the weft end, we found that the coaft rounded gradually, to the N. E. without forming a cove, or creek, wherein a veflcl might be (heltcred ftum the violence of the fwcll, which rolling in from the northward, broke againft the Ihorc in an amazing furf: all hopes, therefore, of meeting with a harbour here foon vanifhed. Many of the natives, in their canoes, followed us as we ftood out to fea, bartering various articles. As we were ex- tremely unwilling, nutwithftanding the fufpicious cir- cumftances of the preceding day, to believe that thefc people were cannibals, we now made fortle further en- quiries on this fubjedt. A fmall inftrument of wood, bcfct with fliark's teeth, had been purchafed, which, as it rcfembled the faw or knife made ufe of by the favages of New Zealand to dilTcdt the bodies of their enemies, was furpcdled by us to be employed here for the fame purpofc. One of the i danders being queftioned on this point, informed us, that the inftrument above men- tioned fcrved the purpofe of cutting out the flcfhy part of the belly, when any perfon was "flain. This ex- plained and confirmed the circumftance before related, of the man's pointing to his belly. The native, how- ever, from wliom we now received this intelligence, being atkcd whether his countrymen eat the part thus cut out, ftrongly denied it ; but when the queftion was repeated, he Ihcwed fome degree of apprcheniion, and fwam oft" to his canoe. An eUlerly man, who fat fore- moft in the canoe, was then aJked, whether they eat the fleih, and he anfwered in the affirmative. The quedion being put to him afecond time, he again affirmed the faroved an unneceffary precaution; for the wind, not ong after, veering to the N. N. E. blew a fre(h gale, with (quails, and violent (howers of rain. This wea- ther continued for the whole fucceeding day, during which the fca ran fo high, that all communication with our party on (hore was totally intercepted, and the idanders themfelves would not venture out to the (hips in their canoes. Towards the evening, the Commo- dore fent the maffer in a boat to the S. E. point of the ifland, to try whether he could land in that quarter. He returned with a favourable report ; but it was now too late to fend for our party, fo that they were obliged to (\ay another night on (bore. On Sunday, the ift of February, on the appear- ance of day-light, a boat was di(patched to the S. E. point, with orders to Lieutenant Gore, that, if he could not embark his people from the fpot where they at prefent were, he (hould march them up to the point. The boat being prevented from getting to the beach, one of the crew iwam to the (hore, and communicated the inftrudions. On the return of our boat, Captain Cook went himfelf with the launch and pinnace up to the point, in order to bring off our party from the land. We took with us three goats, one male; the dthers female; a young boar and fow of the Engli(h breed; and alfo the feeds of onions, pumpkins, and me- lons. With great eafc, we landed under the weft fide of the point, where we found our party, in company with fome of the natives. To one of thefe, who a(- fumed fome degree of authority over the reft, the Cap- tain gave the goats, pigs, and feeds. He intended to have left thefe ufcful prefents at Atooi, had -we not been unexpcdedly driven from that ifland. While our peo- i)le were employed in (illing fome water-cafks, from a ittle ftream which the late rains had occaiioned. Cap- tain Cook made a (hort excur(ion into the country, accompanied by the iflander above-mentioned, and followed by two others, who carried the pigs. When arrived upon a rifing ground, the Capum ftopped to look around him, and immediately obferved a woman, on the oppofite fide of the valley in which he had landed, aulins out to her coufitrymen who attended him. Upon this the man who adted as chief began to mutter fomethin^, as if he was prayings and the two bearen of the pin continued walking round him all the time, makinff about a dozen circuits before the other had made an end erf his onifbti. This ftrange cere- mony beii^ performed^ th^ proceeded on iheir walk, and met Dcople coming fronp all parts, who upon be- , trig called to by the Oiptaift't attendants, feU proftrate No. 63. . • r I on their faces till he was out of fight. The ground over which he paffed, though it was uncultivated and very ftoney.was covered with plants and (hrubs.ibmcof which pernimcdtheair with the mod delicious fragrance. Our party who had been detained fo long on (horei found in thofe parts of the ifland they haa traverfed, fcvcral fait ponds, fome of which had a fmall quantity of water remaining, but others had nunc. They faw no appearance of a running ftream; and though in fome fmall wells the frcfli water was pretty good, it fecmcd to be fcarce. The houfes of the natives were thinly inhabited, and fcattered about; and it was fiippofcci, that there were not more than 500 perfons in the whole ifland. The method of living among thefc people was decent and cleanly. No inftance was obferved of the men and women eating together ; and the latter fecined in general to be affociated in companies by themfelves. The only nuts of the dooe dooc arc burned by thefe iflanders for lights during the night ; and they drcfs their hogs by baking them in osem, fplitting them through the whole length of the carcafs. Our people met with a fufhcient proof of the exiftence of the taboo among them t for one woman was employed in feeding another, (he being under that intcrdidion. Several other myflerious ceremonies were alfo obfervedt one of which was performed by a woman, who threw a pig into the furf, which was drowned; (he then tied up a bundle of wood, and difpofcd of it in the fame manner. At another time, the fame female beat a man's flioulders with a ftick, after he had fcatcd him- fclf for that purpofe. An extraordinary veneration feemed tobe |xfid here to owls, which they keep very tame. It is a pretty general pradice among them, to pull out one ot their teeth; and when they were afkcd the reafon of this remarkable cuflom, the only anfwer they gave was, it is tceha; which was alfo the reafcn alTigned by them for giving a lock of hair. After our water caflcs had been filled, and fome roots, fait, and falted fi(h, had been purchafed from the natives, we re- turned on board with all our people, intending to make another vifit to the ifland the next day : but, about fc- ven in the evening, the anchor of our ftiip ftarted, and (he drove off the bank. By this accident, we found ourfelves, at dav-break the next morning, being the 2nd, nine miles to the leeward of our laft (tation; and the Captain forefeeing that it would require more time to re^in it than he chofe to employ, made the fignal for the Difcovery to weigh anchor and join us. At noon both (hips took their departure, and fleered to the northward, in proTecution of their voyage. But before we proceed to the northern hemiiphcrc, in order to make new difcoveries, we (hall prefent the friends and fubfcribers to this hiflory of voyages, with the obfer- vjtions, made by fcveral of our gentlemen, on this nole clufter of illes, which Captain Cook diftinguiflicd tjy the name of Sandwich Illands, in honour of the Earl of Sandwich. Thofe which we faw are fituated between the latitude of 21 deg. 30 min. and 32 deg. 15 min. N. and between the longitude of 199 deg* 20 min. and 201 deg. 30 min. E. Thev are not interior in beauty and fertility to the Friendly Iflands in the fouthcrn hemifphere. nor are the inhabitants le(s ingenious or civilized. It is wor- thy of obfervation, that the iflands in the Pacific Ocean, which have been difcovered in the courfc of our late voywes, have been generally found fituate in groups-, the fingle intermediate ifles, hitherto met with, being few in proportion to the reft; though, in all pn^abi- lity, there are many more of them yet unknown, which ferve as gradations or ftcps between the fcvcral cluf- ters. Of what number this new-difcovered archipelago iscompofed, mufl be left to the decifion of future na- Zton. We obferved five of them, whole names arc ihoo,At0oi, Onecheow, Oreehoua, and Tahoora. This laft is a fmall elevated ifland, at the diftance of four or five leagues from the S. E. point of Onecheow. We were told, that it abounds with birds, its foleinha- bitants. We alfo gained intelligence of the exiftence of a low uninhabited ifland in the neighbourhddKnamed Tantinaa-pappft. Befides thcfr (ix, we were tiold that 6 S there i :;i I: "f^ 530 Capt. COOK'j VOYAGES COMPLETE. P^' ' 1 n 1 r. i .it 1 V ] 1 \ « .1 . a- ■( there were fonic other ifland* both to the eatlwanl and «eftward. There fecint to be a renwrkablc confor- miiy (obferve* one of our gentlemen) between thefe idamh and thofeof the oppoiite hcmifiihere, itnc only in theirfiiuation.but inthcir number, and in their manners, cunomi.nrt*, and munuradureiol'theinhabitantj j yet,ic can fcarccly be imagined, that they could ever have any communiration, as the olobc is now conftituted, being more that 300u miles uillant one from the other: but from this general conformity among the tropical illand- crs, fomc nave been lid to believe, that the whole mid- dle region of the earth, was once one entire continent, and that what is now the Great South Pacific Ocean was, in the beginninu, the Paradife of the World. With ref|iea to Woahoo, the moU eafterly of thefe iflands, feen by us, we could get no other information, than that it ii high land, and inhabited. But as toOnec- heow. Concerning which fomc particulars have been al- ready mentioned, this lies fcvcn leagues to the wc(l- waril of our anchioring-placc nt Atooi, and does not ex- ceed 1 5 It agues, or 45 miles, in circumference. Yams are its principal vegetable production. We procurctl Ibmc fait here, called by the natives patai, which is pro- duced in fait ponds. With it they cure both filh and pork i and fomc fait fiib, which wc purchafcd from thiin were kept very well, and extremely good. This ifland is chiefly low land, except the part oppofitc Atooi, which rifcs immediately from the fea to a confi- (Icrablc height; as docs alfo itsS. K. point, which ter- minates in a round hill. Wc know no other particu. lars concerning Onecheow : and of Orcehoua wc can only fay, that it is a fmall elevated ifland, lying clofe to the north fide of Onecheow. Atooi was the principal fcene of our operations, and the largeft ifland wc faw. From our obfcrvations, we think it to be at lead 30 miles in length from K. to W. from whence its circumference m*y nearly be deter- mined, though it appears to be much broader nt the E. than at the W. point. The road, or anchoring place, which our vcflels occupied, is on the S. \V. fide of the ifland, about two leagues from the well end, before a village, named Wymoa. As far as we founded, we found the banks free from rocks; except to the eafl- ward of the village, where there projeds a flioal, on which arc fomc rocks and breakers, lliis road is fomc- what expofed to the trade wind; notwithflanding which, it is far from being a bad (Nation, and greatly fuperior to thofc which ncceflity continually obliges fhips to ufe, in countries where the winds arc not more variable, but more boiflerous; as at Madeira, Tenc- riffe, the Azores, &c. The landing too is not fo diffi- cult at at mod of thofe places; and, unlcfs in foul weather, is always pradicable. The water in the neigh- bourhood is excellent, and may be conveyed with cafe to the boats. But no wood can be cut at any conve- nient diftancc, unlcfs the iflanders could be prevailed upon to part with thcetooa trees, (for that is the name they give to the cordia febadina) that grow about their villages, or a fpecies called dooc dooe, which grows farther up the country. The land docs not in the Icaft rcl'emble, in its general appearance, any of the iflands v\ e have vifited within the tropic of Capricorn ; if we except its hills near the centre, which are high, but Hope gradually towards the fea, or lower lands. Though it prefents not to the view the delightful borders of Ota- hcitc, or the luxuriant plains of Tongataboo, covered u ith trees, which at once afford a ftieltcr from the fcorch- ing rays of the fun, a beautiful jprofpedt to the eye, and J(wd for the natives; yet its poflciTinga greater portion of gently rifing land, renders it, in fomc degree, fuperior to the above-mentioned favourite iflands, as being more capable of improvement. The height of the land w ithin, and the clouds which wc faw, during the whole lime 0} our continuance, hanging over it, ana iwt unfrc- qucntly on the other parts, fcem to indicate that there is 4 fuflicicnt fupply of water, and that there arc fomc nm- iiingflreams which we had an opportunity of feeing par- ticularly in the deep vallies, at 'he entrance of which the villages are, ib general, fituated. The ground, fruih the woody part to the fea^ it covered with an excclleot kmdof grafs, about two feet in height, which fomc- timcs grows in tufts, and appeared capable of |)eing converted into abundant cn)p5 of line hay. But on this extenlive fpace not even a flirub grows naturally. In the narrow vallev leading to the Morai, the foil ii of a dark brown colour, rather loofc; but on the high ground, it is of a re ' ' - . '.jt veins like ^ t M s fome of ■>. % f- \m Tie pieces - - . ■ *..■' rocured a , . g ftrongl/ •'■■■■ ty of ine- cut artifi. ■'■■ /;t:. ■' s, we faw ^■''. ■■'■■■ ^-i'- :'■' •■■. .. ,:* ' . -i^ ■■ . ■' ■t'1 i cd by US ive or fij* ■ ■■*■ ,"W-^ : j cad-fruir, fcarce, as * ' ' ■■ , '/'M'^'i' ' ■■■■ —••■ftv "• • ; , •; ,— the latter d rare in , ., .■' ' -' 1 i are alfo • — \ ■* • ' ■ cappe of - ' -■ \ ■ ' ^1 tooa tree. '■' ■ '" We faw ' . -.■.,'■• t' 1! oily nuts. ■! i--. made ufe - il lanner at 1 l: :xccpt in -' n- crs wear- ' ■ ^ ,. ir necks. 1 i ||- alfo the 1 i 1 a fpccies r ■ " pi per, bc- '■■ ■ ;. ■ ■ ''. W ;rowio a .\ i It'! ariety of ■it dry fand, ■ Wi ver bccrt ^ • ',;•'■.-■" common •, greatly ' •' ""^ ' . . •; ! ji , brought ■ 1 wi f a fmail crimfon ' lawks, o; tttves the ■ were tic otoo, • ii 1 ■ » Ji COUK*^ THIRD and LAST VaYAOE-.T* the PACIFIC OCEAN, «cc. 531 I t ''«/. i 0100, or hlueifh heron, and thetoraur, a frtft of >»Wnv brcl. It ii probable that the fpeclei o» liird* are nw meroui, If we may judge by the quantitv of fine yellow, Krcen, and fmall vcfvet-like btackilh fraiheri, ufed upon the cloak^, and other ornamemi wont by thefe peojile. Fifti, and other produdlloni of the fca, were, M appear- ance, not varioui 1 ai, beildet the fmall mackarel, w« only faw common mullets 1 a fpeciei of a chalky co- lour i a fmiill brownifh rock-fifh, aitornctl with blue fpotii a turtle, which was penned up in a pnndi and three or four forts of fifti faked. The few (liclUflfli (ecn by us were chieHy converted into ornaments, though they were drnitutc of the recommendation either of beauty or novelty. The only tame or domeliic ani- mals that we found here Mere hogs, dogs, and fowls, which were all of the fame kind that wc met with at the idiinds of the South Pacific. There are alfo fmall li- zards) nndfome rats, refembling thofe of every ifland we had hitherto viflted. The inhabitants of Atooi are of the middle flxe, and not much tattowcd. In general they are ftoutly made, with a lively open countenance 1 but they are remark- able for having neither a beautiful (hape, nor ftriking features. • Their vifage, particularly that of the women, is fomctimcs round 1 but m others longi nor can it juOly be faid, that they are diOinguilhed, as a nation, by any peculiar calt of countenance. Their complexion is nearly of a nut browni but fomc individuals are of a darker hue. We have already mentioited the women as being little more delicate than the men in their for- mation 1 and we may add, that, with few exceptions, they have little claim to thofe peculiarities that didiu- guifli the fex in moft other parts of the world. There IS, indeed, a very remarkable equality in the fi7.e, colour, and figure, of the natives of both fexes : upon the whole, however, they arc far from bcin(]j ugly, and have, to all appearance, few natural deformities of any kind. Their (km is not very foft, nor fliiningi but their eyes and teeth are, for the mod part, pretty good. Their hair, in general, is Hraightt and though its natural colour is lifuaily black, they (lain it, as at the Friendly and other iflands. We perceived but tew indanccs of corpu- lence, and the(e more frequently among the women than the men I but it was principal.'y Anong the latter that perfonal defeats were obferved j though if any of them can lay claim to a (hare of beauty, It appeared to be mod confpicuous among the young men. They are a<5live, vigorous, and mod expert fwimmers ; leaving their canoes upon the mod frivolous occafion 1 diving under them; and fwimming to others, though at a confiderable diftance. We nave freouently fcen women with infants at the bread, when the lurf was fo high as to prevent their landing with canoes, leap overboard, and fwim to the (hore, without endangerii^ their little ones. They appear to be of a frank, chearful difpofi. tion; and are equally free from the fickle levity which charaderizes the inhabitants of Otahcite, and the Te- datc cad, obfervahlc amonj^ many of thofe of Tonga- taboo. They feem to cultivate a fociable intercourfe with each other; and, except the propcnfity to thiev- ing, which is, as it were, innate in mod of the people wchavc vifited in thefe feas, they were extremely friendly to us. And it does no fmall credit to their fenfibility, without flattering ourfelvcs, that when they faw the difllrrcnt article* of our European manufadhires, they could not refrain from expreflingtheiradoniftjment, by t mixture of joy and concern, that fecmed to apply the cafe as a Icflbn of humility to themfelvest and on every occafion, they appeared to have a proper confcioufnelt of their own inferiorit}' ; a behaviour thai equally ex* empts their national charader from the ridiculous pride of the more poliflied Japancfc, and of the ruder native of Greenland. It waspleafing to obferve with what affeftion the women managed their infants, and with what alacrity the men contributed their aflidancc in fucb a tender office t thus didinguifliing themfclvea worn thofe favages who confider a wife and child as things rather neceiTary than dcfirable, or worthy of tfieir regard or edeem. From the numbers that we ftw aflembled at every village, a< w« coafted ahmg. it may bec«n|«tflurrd, that the inhabitants of thii illand are pntty numerous, including the draggling houfca, there miy perhaps be, in the whole idand, lixty fuch villages, as that near which our diipa anchored 1 and, if wc alktw Ave pertbna to each houie, there will be, in every village 5001 or 30,000 upo» the illand. This num. iKr is by no aneani esancraccd, for there were foine. times 1000 people, at iMil, coilc^lcd upon the beach 1 when it could not bv- fuppofcd that above a tenth pan of the whole were prefent. The ordinary drefs of both fexes has been already defcribcd. The women have oden much larger pieces of cloth wram)ed about them, e«rcnding from jull be- low the breads to the hams, am', fometimcs lower 1 and feveral were obferved with pieces thrown loofely over their dfoulders, which covered the grcated part of their body I but the children, w hen very young, ore entirely naked. They wear nothing upon the head 1 hut the hair, both of men and women, is cut in various forms 1 and the general fafliion, particularly among the latter, is to have it diort behind, and long before. The men frequently had it cut on each fick in fuch a manner, that the remaining part fomewhat rcfemblcd the cred of their capa, orthat, which, in horfes manes, is called hogging. Both fexes, however. Teemed to be very cardefs about their hair, and had no combs, nor any thing of the kind, to drefs it with. The men fomc- timcs twid it into a number of feparate parcels, like the tails of a wig, each about as thick as a finger 1 though mod of thole which are fo long as to reach far down the back, are artificially fixed upon the head, over their own hair. Contrary to the general pradticc of mod of the iflands in the Pacific Ocean, the inhabitants of the Sandwich Ifles have not their ears perforated, nor do they wear any ornaments in them. Both men and women, howevcr,adorn themfelvcs with necklaces com. pofed of bunches of fmall black cord, like our hat drings, often above a hundred foldt entirely refemb- lins thofe we faw worn at Wateeoo, except that, indead of the two little balls on the middle before, they fix a fmall piece of wood, done, or diell, about two inches in length, with a broad hook, well polidied. Thev have alfo necklaces of many drings of very fmail ihells, or of the dried flowers of the Indian mallow ( and they fometimcs hang round their necks a fmall hu. nuin figure of bone, about the length of three inches. The women likewifc wear bracelets of a fingle ihell, piece* of black wood, with bits of ivory interfperfed, and neatly polidied, fadencd together by a dring drawn cloTcW through them; or others of hogs teeth, placed parallel to each other, with rhe concave part outward, and the poino cut ofl't fomc of which, formed only of large boar's tulks, are very clegaot. The men fomctimea (ix on their heads plumes of feathers of the tropic bird ;orthofc of cockst fadencd round neat po- lidied dicks, two feet in length 1 and, for the lame pur- Ssfc, thev few the (kin of a white dog's tail over a ick, with its tuft at the end. They alfo, not un- frequently, wear on the head a kind of ornament, of the thicfcnefs of a finger, or more, covered with yellow and red ieathen, curioufly varied, and tied behind ; and. on that part of the arm which is above the elbow, a fort of braad.ihcll work, grounded upon net-work. I'he men (bntctimes pundhire themfelvcs upon their hands Of' armi, and near the groin 1 but frequently we faw no marks at alii though a few individuals had more of this fpe^^of ornament than we had ufually fecn at othtnnidac|eB, and curioufly executed in a great va> rieiy M Hiie* iind figure*, on the arms and fore-part of the body. Near any of their villages, there is no appearance of defence, or fortifications > and the houfcs are fcattcred about, without the leaft order. Some of thefe habita- tions are hfge and commodious, frofti forty to fifty feet in length, and twenty or thirty in breadth j while others of than are taiwcmptiblc hovels. Their figme refem- bles that of hay.(tacksi or perhaps a better idea may bc'conceivcd of them, by (uppofing the rpof of a barn placed on the ground, m fuch a manner as to form sk, high acute lidge, with two low ftdcs. The gable ac each 'I I 1 53* Opt. C O O IL'k V av A O B S \C,Q MP L EiT £. >*-*<... 'I n I! eich end,' corrcfpondtrig to the fidet, tiMkes thefe abodes ctofe all round, j^nd they are well thatched with long grata, ^^hich is \i\d oil flcndcfr polbs. The en« trance is made either in the end or (idc, and is an ob- long bole, extretnely loWi often (huE up by a board of planks, faftened together, which fervesuadoor,; but as it has no hinges, muft be removed oocarionally. No light ent.-rs the houfe Except by thi^ opening; and though frch clofe habitations may be comfortable places of retreai in bad weather, they teem but ill adapted to the warm climate of this country. They arc kept re- markable clean, and the floors are ftrewod with dried crafs, over which mats are fprcad to fit and lleep on. At one end Hands a bench, about three feet high, on which the domeflic'utcnfils arcplnccd. Thefeconfift of gourd fhells, which the natives convert into veflels that fcrve as bottles to hold water, and as bafkets to contain various articles; alfo a few wooden bowls, and tienchers of various fizes. From what we faw growing, and from what was brought to market, we have no doubt, that fweet potatoes, taro, and plantains, confti- tute the principal part of their vegetable diet; and that yams and bread- fruit are rather to be confidered as rari- ties. Of animal food, they appear to be in no want, having great numbers of hogs, .;hich run, without re- Itraint, about the houfes; and, if they dit dogs, which is not improbable, theirfVockof thefefcemed very con-, fidcrable. The quantities of fifliing hooks found among them, indicates that they procure a tolerable fupply of animal food from the fea. They have a cuflom of falt- ing fifti, and likewifc pork, which they prcferve in> gourd-diclls. The fait ufcd for this purpofc is of a rcddiih colour, but not very coarfe, and fcems to be nearly the fame with what our ftragglers found at Chrillmas ifland. Its colour is doubtlefs derived from a mixture of mud. at the bottom of the place where it is found; for fome of it, which had adhered in lumps, was of a tolerable whitcnefs. They bake their vegetable articles of food with heated Rones ; and, from the great quantity which ue faw dreflcd at one time, we imagined, that all the inhabitants of a village, or at leafl a conli- derable number of people, joined in the ufe of a com- mon oven. W<; did not perceive them drefs any animal food at this idand. The only artificial di(h we faw them drefs was a taro pudding, which, though very four, was devoured with avidity by the natives. They cat off a fort of wooden trenchers; and, as far as we were cna- bted to judge from one infhince, tho women, ifreftraincd from feeding on the fame dilh with the n^en, as is the cuftom at Otaheitc, arc at leaft allowed to eat in the fame place near them. The amufements of thefe people arc various. We did not fee the dances at which they ufc the feathered cloaks and caps; but, from the motions they made with their hands, on other occafions, when they fung, we judged that they were fimilar to thofe wc met with at the lou- thcrn illands, though not fofkilfully performed. They had not among them either flutes or reeds, arid the only two mufical infhuments, fecn by us, were of an exceed- ing rude kind. One of them does not produce a me- lody fuperior to that of a child's rattle. It confifts of what may be denominated a conic cap inverted, but very little hollowed at the bafe, madeof la fedge-tike plant; the upper part of which, and likewife the edges, are cmbellilhed with beautiful red feathers;. and to the point, or lower part, is fixed a gourd -fhell. Into d»i« they put fomething to rattle, which i«^ ;^)i''*-^ •I X / / / / ►ii.itiii*i%""-v ■■■'1- Ttn-:?^^- ''I '4 1 I '"I / ■ / ii'i r 1 1'^'" fr5 i i i . w^«i^^.«.^t tants of the Pacific Ocean, till Magellan led the way into it ; for no navigator, immediately after his voyage, found any of this metal in their poirelTionj though, in the couric of our late voyages, it has been remarked, that the ufe of it was known at fcver^^l^^flands, which no former European vcfTtls had ever,,io our knowledge, vifitcd. At all the places where Mendana touched, durin,!^ his two voyages, fome of it muft have been left-, and this, would, doubtlcfs, extend the knowledge of it to :;ll the various iflands, with which the people, whom he vilitcJ, Ivid any immediate intercourfe. It might even have been carried farther, and where (pecimens of this valuable article could not be met with, defcrip- tions might, in fome degree, fcrve to make it known afreruards, when feen. The next voyage to the fouth-; ward of the Etjuator, in w hich any intercourfe was had with the people who inhabit the iflands of this ocean, was that of Quiro«, who landed at Sagittaria, the ifland of handfome people, and at Tierra del Efpiritu Santo, at all which plai cs, da well as at thofe with which they bad any communication, it muft undoubtedly have been made known. To him fucceeded, in this navi- gation, l,e Mairc, and Schouten, whofc connedions with the natives began much farther to the Eaftward, and terminated at Cocos and Horn iflands. It is cer- tain, that the inhabitants of Otaheite and- the Society illes, had a knowledge of iron, and purchafed it with the greatcft avidity, when Captain Wallis difcovered Otaheite : and they could only have acquired this Jmowledgc through the mediation of thofe neighbour- ing iflands at which it had been originally left. They acknowledge, indeed, that this was really the cafes and they have finC#informed us, that they held it in fuch cflimation, before the arrival of Captain Wallis,, that . an Otaheitean chief, who had gained pofTefTion of two nails, received no fmall emolument, by letting out the ufe of them to his neighbours, for the purppfe of boring holes. The natives of the Society ifles, whom we found ■at Watceoo, had been driven to that place long after the knowledge and ufe of iron had been thus introduced among their countrymen ; and though, perhaps, they had no fpecimen of it with them, they would naturally communicate at that ifland. by defcription, their know- ledge of this ufcful metal. From the people of Wateeoo, again, thofe of Harvey's ifland might derive that incli- nation for it, of whi«;h we had fulficicnt proofs during our (hort intercourfe with them. l*he oonfideration of thcfe facts will fhew how the knowledge of iron has been conveyed throughout the Pacific Ocean, to iflands that have never had an immediate connexion with Eu- ropeans ; and it may cafily be imagined, that, wherc- ever the hiftory of it only has been reported, or a very bconfidcrable quantity of it has been left, the greater eagerncfs will be (hewn by the inhabitant* to procure l>lcntiful fupphcs of it. The application of thefe par- ticulars, to the objcaof ourprefcnt confideration, is inanifeft. 1 he natives of Atooi and Onocheow. with- out having ever been vifitcd by Europeans before us, might have received this metal from intermediate HTands, (ituatcd between them and the Ladrones, which the Spaniards have frequented almoft ever iince the oe- , No. 65. '^ riod of Mageiliw'a voyage. Or, if the diftant weftern ppfition of the Ladronea, (hould dctrad from the pro- bability of thi< iblution, is there not the American con- tinent to windward, where the Spaniards h^ve been fettled for upwaida of two centuries and a half, durjng which long fpace of, time (hipwrecks mUfl frequently have happened ^ its coalh? It cannot be deemed fur- prizing, that part of fuch wnecks, conuining iron, (hould, by the eafterly trade winds, be occafionaTly caft upon fome of thofe iflands that are fcattered about this immenfe ocean. The diflancc of Atooi from America is no argument againfl this fuppofitionis and even if ic were, it would deltrw it. This ocean is annually tra- verfed by Spanifh vefTels, and it is highly probable that, betides the accident of lofing a mafl and its appendages, calks wixh iron hoops, and many other things that con- tain irot^, may fall, or be thrown, overboard, during, fo long a pafttge, and thus ftnd their way to land. Thefc are not mere conjedhircs, for one of Captain Cook's people adually faw fome wood in a houfc at Wymoa, which he fuppofed to be fir: it was' worm- eaten, and the natives informed Him, that it had been driven afliore by the wavesj and we had their own ex- prefs authority, that they had obuined, from fome place to the eaftward, the fpecimens of iron found among them. From this digreffion (if it can juflly be called one) let us return to the obfervations made during our continuance at Atooi. The canoes of thefe people are commonly about four and twenty feet, in length, and have the bottom, in general, formed of a fmgle piece of wood, hollowed out to the thicknefs of an inch, or more, and brought to a point at each end. The fides are compofed of three boards, neatly fitted and lathed to the bottom. The extremities both at head and ftern, are a little ele- vated, and both are made fliarp, fomewhat refembling a wedge, but they flatten more abrupdy ; fo that the two fide boards jorn each other, fide by fide,^ for up- wards of a foot. As they feldom exceed a foot and a half in breadth, thofe that go finglc (for they fometimes join them) have out-riggers, which are (haped and fitted with more judgment than any we had feen before. They arc rowed by paldles, fuch as we had obferved at other iflands, and fome of them have a liglit trian- gular fail, extended to a maft and boom. The ropes which they ufe for their boats, and the fmaller cords for their fifhing tackle, are ftrong and neatly made. They are by no means novices in the art of agriculture. The vale-ground is one continued plantation of taro, and fome other articles, which, have all the appearance of being carefully attended to. The potatoe-nelds, and i'pocs of fugar cane, or plantains, on the higher grounds, are planted with great regularity ; but neitner thefe, nor the others, are enclofed with any fence, unle(s we con- fider the ditches in the low grounds as fuch, which, it is more than probable, arc defigned to convey water to the tsro. The abundance and excellence of thefe arti- cles ma/; perhaps, be as much owing to (kilful culture, as the natural fenility of foil, which feems better adapted to them than to bread-fruit and cocoa-nut trees; the' few of thefe latter we faw not being in a thriving (late : and yet, notwithftanding this fluli in agriculture, the ifland, from its general appearance feemed to be ca- pable of more extenfive improvement, and of main- taining twice as many inhabitants as are now upon it;, for thofe parts that now lay wafteare, apparently, as good, a foil, as thofe that are cultivated. Hence we caitnot but conclude, that thefe people do not increafe in that proportion, which would render it neceiTary for th^m to take advantage of the extent of their ifland, towards raifing a greater quantity of its vegeiabh pro* dudions for their maintenance. During our (lay in thele puts, we did not fee one chief of any note; but we were informed by the iflandcrs, that feveral at Atooi have their refidence, to whom they proftrate themfelves as a inark of homage and refped. This proflration appeared fimilar to the moe moca, paid to the chiefs at the friendly iflands, and is here denominated hamoea, or mo». Aftto yfc l^d left the ifland, one of thefc great men vifitcd Captaiin Clerk, 6 T going '. k I \ I * :h ,! V r J' s 1 s it 534 Capt. C^ OK's- V O Y AGE S COMPLETE. goi rik« .V flit , pii ing off t» tfic Difcovcry, iri His doilble canoe, and, ike the fovcreign of the Friendly Ifles, paid no regard to the fmall canoes that chanced to be in his way, but rtn agarnft, or over them, without makitw the lead attempt to avoid them: nor was it poflible for the poor people to avoid him, it being a ncceflary mark of their liibmiflioii, that they Ihould lie down till he had pafled. He was aflifted in getting on board the Difcovery by his attendants, who placed him in the rane-way, where they ftood round him, holding each other by the hands, nor would they fuffer any Qnc nut Captain Gierke to ap- proach him. He was a young man, apparelled from head to foot. His name was faid to be Tamahano. Captain Gierke having made him fomc prefenits, re- ceived, in return, a large bowl, fupported by two figures of men, the carving whereof difplayed a decree or fkill, both with refpedl to the dcfrgn and execution. This bowl ufcd to be filled with Kava, or, in the Ian- guagc of Otaheite, Ava, which is prepared and drank here, as at tbe other iftands of the Piicific ocean. Cap- tain Gierke could^ot prevail upon this chief to go below, nor to move from the fpot where his attendants had firft placed him. After remaining fome time in the fliip, he was carried back into his canoe, and returned to the ifland. The next day feveral melTagcs were fcnt to Captain Gierke, inviting him to return the vifit on Ihorc, and giving him to underftand, that the chief had prepared a conHdcrable prefent on theoccafioni but the Captain being anxious to get out to fca, and join the Rcfolution, did not think proper to accept of the invitation. Our impcrfcifl intcrcourfe with the natives did not enable us to form an accurate judgment of the form of government eftablifticd among them; but from the ge- neral fimiiarity of cui\oms, and particularly from what wc obferved of the honours paid to their chiefs, it feems realbnable to imagine, that it is of the fame nature with that which prevails in all the iflands we had hitherto viflted; and, in all probability, their wars among themfelvrs are equally frequent. This, indeed, might be inferred, from the number of weapons we foundin their polTclTion, and from the excellent order in which they kept them. But we had proofs of thp faft from their own confeflion ; and, as we were informed, thefe wars are carried on between the different dillridls of their own ifland, as well as between it and the neigh- bouring inhabitants of the ifles of Oneeheow and Oreehoua. Beltdes their (jpcars, formed of a fine brownifh wood, beautifiilly polilned, fome of which are barbed at one end, and flattened to a point at the other, they have another kind of weapon, which we had never met with before. It fomewhat refembles a dagger, and is, in general, about eighteen inches in length, fharpened at one or both ends, and fecured to the hand by a firing. Its ufe is to flab in dofe combat, and feems well adapt^ to that purpofc. Some of thefe may be denominated double daggers, having a handle in the middle, with which they are the better enabled toflrikediffei'entwajis. They have likewife bows and arrows; but, both fhim their flender conftrudion, and their apparent fcarci^^, it is probable that they never make ufe of them m battle. The knife or faw, already mentioned, with which they diffedt the dead bodies of their enemies, may alfo be ranlced among their weapons, as they both ffrike and cat with ic When engaged in clofc light. It is a fmall wooden inftrument, ab6u( a foot in length, cif an oblong fhape, hninded at the comers: its edges are flirroundcd with fhark's teeth, flrongly fixed to it, inA pointed outuTirds; and it has generally a hole in the handle, through which paffes a long firing, and this they wrap fi:vcral times eourid the wrifl. We are of opinion tliat, on fome ofccaflons, they ufe flings, for we procured Ibme pieces of the haematites, at blood- fione, made artificially of an oval fbtm, divided longi- tudinally, with a narrow groove in the middle of the convex jMut. To this the pcrfon who had one of them applied a thin cord, but would riot difpofe of it, though Ilk was not iin'iiilling to port *ith the flone. which, a* •rwci|^hed a pound, muff prove btal when thrown with fomc degree of force. We likewife fiw fome piece* of whetflone neatly poliflicd, of an oval tigure. but fome- what pointed towards each end, nearly refcmbling in fhape fome flones feen by Captain Cook at New Cale- donia in 1774, and made ufe of there in flings. Some of Their religious inllitutions, and their method of difpofing of their dead, flrongly indicate an affinity between the manners of thefe people, and of the natives of the Friendly and the Society iflands. The inhabi- tants of Tongataboo bury their dead with great de- cency, and they alfo inter their human facrifices ; but they do not, to our knowledge, olftr any other animal, or even vegetable, to their deitic*' j The Otaheiteans do not inter their dead, but expofe them to wafte and putrefadlion, though they afterwards bury the bones ; and this being their cuflom, it is remarkable, that they fhould inter the Ixxlies of their humin facrifices. They are far from being attentive to the condition of the places, where they celebrate their fulcmn rices; moflof their morals being in a ruinous ftate, and (hewing ma- nifefl tokens of negledl. The people of Atooi rclcmble alfo thofe of Otaheite. in offering vegetables and ani- mals to their Gods. The Taboo likewife prevails in Atooi in its full extent, and apparently with grc.itcr flritflnefs, than even at Tongataboo: for the natives always afked here, with great eagernefs, and with indi- cations of fear of offending, whether any particular thing, which they defircd to fee, was taboo, or, as they Eronounced the word, tafoo? The maia raa, or prohi- ited articles, at the Society iflands, thougli undoubt- edly the fame thing, did not appear to be lb rigoroufly obferved by them, except with regard to the dead, rc- fpedling whom wc thought they were more fuperflitious than any others we had been convcrfant uith. But whatever refemblance we might difcover between the general manners of the inhabitants of Atooi, and thof<; of Otaheite. thefe were lefs flriking than the iimilarity of language. The languages of both places may indeed be faid to be almofl entirely the fame. The people of Atooi, in general, have neither the flrong guttural pronunciation of the New-Zealanders, nor that fmaller degree of it, which alfo diflinguiflies the Friendly Iflanders; and they have not only adopted the whole idiom of their lan- guage, but tne fame meafure and cadence in their fongs. It is true, at firll hearing, a flranger may perceive fome difagreement ; but it fhould be confidered, that the iia- tives of Otaheite, from their frequent connexions with the Englifli, had learned, in fome meafure, to adapt themfelves to our imperfedl knowledge of their lan- guage, by ufing the mod common and even corrupted expreflions in converfation with us; wheftas, when they taliced with each other, and ufcd the feveral parts ne- ceflary to propriety of fpeech, they were hardly at all underflood by thofe among us. who had made the greatefl progtefs in the knowledge of their tongue. Hid the Sandwich Iflands been difcovered at an early period, by the Spaniards, they would doubtlefs have availed themfelves of fo excellent a fituation, and have made ufe of ^tooi, or fome other iflands, as a place of lefrefhment for the fhips that fail annually be- tween Manilla and Acapulco. They lie almoft mid- way between the lafl mentioned place and Guam, one of the Ladrones, which is at prefent their only port in traverftng this vaft ocean j and to touch at them would not be X week's fail out of their ordinary rout. An acquaiintancc with the Sandwich Ifles would alfo have been equally fiivourablc to our Buccaneers, who have fometimes paffed from the coaft of America to the Ladrones, with a flock of provifions and water fcarcely adequate to the fupport of life. Here they might al- ways have met with a plentiful fupply, and have been ' within a month's fail of the very part of Calitorrn", which thi Manilla fhips are obliged to make. How happy would Lord Anfon have been, and what ditti- Icuines wduW he have avoided, had he known that there was a chiller of iflands halfway between America and Tinian, whete all his wants might have been eftcdually At thcfc iflands, the tides are fo inconfiderable, that COOK'S THIRD ahd LAST VQVAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, 6cc. SM c piccci of but fomc- mbling in New Calc- gs. eir method an aflRiiit/ the natives 'he inhabi- prcBt de- ihcct; but ler animal, Dtaheiteans waflc and the bones i e, that the^ ices. They tion of the csj mod of icwing ma- oi rclcmble cs and ani- prevails in kith greater the natives i with indi- f particular , or, as they , or prohi- h undoubt- b rigoroufly le dead, rc- ruperflitious uith. But between the i, and thof< ne fimilarity d be faid to )f Atooi, in ronunciation legrec of it, :rs; andthejf f their lan- I their fongs. crccive foBoe that the na- irdlions with e, to adapt if their lan- n corrupted s, when they ■al parts ne- hardly at all d made the :ongue. ivcrcd at an Id doubtlef* ituation, and flands, as a annually be- almod mid- Guam, one only port in them would y rout. An ltd alfo have r», who have lerica to the naierfcarcely ey might al- id have been )f California, make. How i what diffi- iwn that there America and :en cffeaually idcrable, that vitk E With a great furf breaking apinft the ihore, it was dif- ificult, at all times to determme whether we had high or low water, or whether it ebbed or flowed. On the fouth fide of Atodi, a curi-ent generally fet to the weft ward, or horth-weftward: but when we were at Anchor off" Onec- hcow, we found a current fctting nearly N. W. and S.TJ. fix hour* each way. This was doubtlefs a re- Klar tide, and the flood appeared to come frorii the The longitude of Sandwich Iflands, was determined by 72 fets of lunar obfervationsi fome of which were made while we were at anchor, in the road of Wymoa ; tothers, before we arrived and after we had left it, and reduced to it, by the watch or time-keeper. By the mean refult of the obfcrvations, the longitude of the road is 200 deg. 13 min. E. and the latitude, by the mean of two meridian dbfervations of the fun 21 dcgi 56 min. 1 5 fee. N. We now return to the progrcfs of our voyage. On Monday, the 2nd of February, the Difcovery hav- ing joined us, we flood away to the northward, with a jentle gale from the E. On the 7th we were in the atitude of 29 deg. N. longitude 200 deg. E the wind having veered to the S. E. which enabled us to fleer N. E. and E. This courfe we continued to the 12th, when the wind having changed, we tacked, and flood to the northward, in latitude 30 deg. N. longitude 306 deg. 1 5 min. E. In this advanced latitude, and even in the winter feafon, we had only begun to feel a fcnfation of cold in the mornings and evenings ; a proof of the equal and durable influenceof the heat of the fun, at all times, to 30 degrees on each fide the line. After that, the difproportion is known to be very great. This muft be attributed principally to the dircdion of the fun's rays, independent of the bare diftancc, which is not equal to the effc hoping, ai he faid, to find in it a good harbour 1 and the event proved that he was not milYakcn. As we approached the coaO, we faw the appearance of two inlets ; one of which was in the N. W. and the other in the N. E. corner of the bay. We bore up for the latter, and pallid fome breakers about a league from the Ihore. As we ad- vanced, the cxiftence of the inlet no longer rcrnained doubtful. At five o'clock we reached the wed point of it ; and foon after a breese fprung up at N. W. with which we (Iretchcd into an arm of the inlet, run- ing in to the N. E. Here we were becalmed, and found it neceflary to anchor in cighty-fivc fathoms wa- ter, and fo near the (horc as to be able to reach it with a hawfer. The Diftovcry was becalmed before flic got within the arm, where fhe anchored in 75 fa- thoms. At the place where we were firft becalmed, three ca- noes came off to the fhip, in one of which were two men, in another fix, and in the other ten. Advancing pretty near us, a perfon flood up in one of them, and I'poke fora conlidcrablc time, inviting us, as we f'up- pofed, by his gefturcs to go afhorc; and, at the fame time continued brewing handfuls of feathers towards us. Some of his companions alfo threw a red powder in the fame manner. One, in particular, fung a moft agreeable air, accompanied with a melodious fuft- ncfs. The word haela was repeated frequently as the burden of the fong. Soon after a breeze fprioging up brought us clofer to the fliorc, when the canoes came to vifit us in great numbers j having, at one time, no Icfs than thirty-two of them about the fliip, containing from three to fevcn or eight pcrfons each, and of both fexes. One attradcd particularly our notice, by its having a peculiar head, with a bird's eye, and an enor- mous large beak, painted upon it. The chief who was in it, apfiearcd equally remarkable for his Angular ap- pearance; having a large quantity of feathers hanging from his head, and being fmcared in a very extraordi- nary manner. In his hand he had a carved bird of wood, of the fizc of a pigeon, with which he often rattled, like the perfon before mentioned ; and was equally vociferous in his harangue, which was accompa- nied with many exprelTivc geftures. Not any of thcfe vifitors could be prevailed upon to come on board. They were very ready, however, to part with any thing they had, and received whatever we offered them in exchange; but they were very folicitous after iron, and appeared to be no ftrangers to that valuable metal. Having found fuch excellent flicker for our fliips, in an inlet whofe coafls appeared to be inhabited by an inofltnfive race of people, we loft no time, after com- ing to anchor, in fearching for a commodious har- bour, where we might be ftationed during our conti- nuance in the found. Upon this fervice three armed boats were fentj and on the N. W. of the arm, at a Cnall diftancc from the fliips, wc found a convenient cove : but apprehending we could not tranfport our fliips to it, and moor them properly, before night had overtaken us, we thought it prudent to continue where we were till the next morning. The whole day wc werefurrounded with plenty of canoes; and a recipro- cal trade was commenced between us, conduced with the flriileft harm.ony and integrity on both fides. Thejr articles of commerce were the flcin* of various ani- mals, fuch as bean, fca-otiers, wolves, foxes, deer, ra- coons, martins, and pole-cats. Thcv alfo produced a kind of cloathing, fabricated from the bark of a tree, or a plant refembling hemp: beftdcs which articles, 3 they had bows, arrows, andfpcam fifli-hooks, and va- rious kinds of inflrumcntsi wooden vizors, rcprefent- ing horrid figures j a fort of woollen flufl'i carved work j beads J and red ochre t alfo feveral little ornaments of thin brafs and iron refembling an horfc-fliuc, which they wear pendant at their nofes. However, among all the articles which they ex pofed tofale, the moft extraordi- nary were human fltulJs, and hands, with fome of the flelh remaining on them; which they acknowledged they had been feeding on J and fome of them, indeed, bore evident marks of their having been on the fire. For the various articles they brought, they received in ex- change knives, chifTels, nails, looking glalTes, buttons, or any kind of metal. They had not much inclina- tion for beads, and rejected every kind of cloth. On Tuefday, the 31 ft, wc were employed in hauling the fliips into the cove, where they were moored. The Refolution was now become very leaky in her upper works; on which account the carpenters were ordered to caulk her, and to repair any other defers they might difcovcr. In the courfe of this day, the news of our arrival brought vaft numbers of the natives about our fliips. At one time we counted above a hundred camxs, each of which, on an average, bad five people on board; few containing lefs than three; many having fevcn, eight, or nine : and one was manned with leventeen. Many of thefc were nc . vifitors, which wc difcovcicd by their orations and ceremonies. If they, at firft, had apprehended that we meant to be hoftilc, their fears were now removed ; for they ventured on board the fliips, and mixed with our people with the utmort free- dom and familiarity. Wc oifcovered, how ever, by this intercourre,that they Mere as fond of pilfering ns any wc had met with during our voyage ; and they were much more mifchievous than any of the other thieves wc had found; for, having Iharp inflrunionts in their poiTelTion, they could, the inftant that our backs were turned, cut a hook from a tackle, or a piece of iron from a rope. They ftripjKil our boats o/' every piece of iron that was worth caking away, though fome of our men were always left in them as a guard. They were, indeed fo dextrous in effeding their purpofcs, that one fellow would contrive to amufe our people at one end of the boat, while his confederate was forcing off the iron work at the other. If an article that had been ftolcn, was immediately mifTcd, the thief was cafily dctcdted, as they were fond of impeaching each other: but the prize was always reludantly given up by the guilty perfon; and fometimes compullive means were obliged to be ufed in order to regain it. Wednefday, April the ift, having fafely moored our fhips, we proceeded to other ncceffary bulincfs. The obfcrvatorics were taken afhorc, and placed on a rock, on one fide of the cove. A party of men was fta- tioned to cut wood, and clear a place for watering. Having plenty of pine-trees here, others were employed in brewing fpruce-becr. The forge was alfo creacd to make the neceflary iron-work for repairing the foremaft. We were daily vilitcd by a confidcrable number of new comers, who had a lingular mode of introducing theni- fclves on their firft appearance, by paddling, with their utmoft ftrength and adivity, round both the fliips, while a chief, ftanding up with a fpcar in his hand, bawled moft vociferoufly all the time. The face of this orator was fometimes covered with a mafk, rcprefeni- ing either a human countenance, or that of fome other animal; and, inftcad of a fpear, he had a kind of rattle in his hand. Frequently, before they came along fide, or on board our fliip, they would entertain us with a fong, in which their whole company joined. During thefc vifits our principal care was to guard againll their thiev?ry. But on Saturday, the 4th of April, we had a very ferious alarm, for our party on fliorc perceived the na- tives in all quarters arming, and thofe who had not proper weapons were colledling fticks and flbncs. The Captain, hearing this, ordered all our workmen to re- pair to the rock, whereon our obfcrvatorics had been placed ; thus leaving the fuppofed enemy in poflclTion of the ground where they aflemblcd, which was within about «nf> !.. ... -J *•' .:.x .'.r ' ■ 1 --^l^ "f ■ ■S:B??^^P -.:a^-- "*^'^ ■.■'*«:''«^'' , 1 - "^ '■^■■- ."«• "^^ «i»»-*.-«'i(m- -♦' ■fH>H^^v •?^^^sS^ * il|l^:-if >^ I J :;,-j^.,.. i ■ . .Ti. t,nwiiift--.a6* - ''«■' ■■%j*i' .1 Vi »"^^>*f •MMHadaM _J '■ii. \[ :.if f 'Mi I fii! '■ a- {• if! COOK'i THIRD tad LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, «cc. 537 fy*- «bout one hundred yardi of our ftem. We foon found, however, that thele hoftlle prepirationi were dircc'lcd ■gainit a body of their own countrymen, who were ad- vancing to attack themj and our friends of the Sound, perceiving our apprehcnfioni, exerted their bcft endea- vour* to convince u», that thia was really the cafe. The 'advcrfe party, on board about twelve large canoes, at length drew up in line of battle, off the South point of the cove. A negotiation for the rcftoratioii of peace «ai now commenced! in the courfe of which fcvcral people in canoes paflcd between the two parties, and fomc debatei cnfucd. At length the matter in difputc appeared to be adjufled: but the flrangers were not permitted to approach our Ihips. It is mod likely wc were the principal occafion ot the quarrel j the ftran- gcrs, perhaps, infifting on having a right of fliaring in the advantages of a trade with usj and ourfirH friends refolving to engrofs ui entirely to themfclvcs. We were convinced of this on many other occalions i nay, even among thofc who lived in the found, the weaker ■ were often obliged to fubmit to the ftronger party, and were plunderegof every thing, without even attempt- ing to make any refinance. Sunday, the tth, the carpenter difcovered the checks of the foremaft to be rotten, and began to fiipply it with new ones. It was fortunate that thcfe dcfwSs (hould be difcovered, when we were fo commodioufly fituared, as to be able to procure the materials that were requiiite. On the 7th, while the forc-maft was repairing, the Captain ordered a new fet of main- rigging to be fitted. From our putting into the found to this day, the weather had been remarkably fine; but in the morning of the 8th wc had rain with a frefh gale, and in the evening it blew extremely hard : but though thefe tempeftuous blafts fucceeded each other quickly, they were of (hort duration: yet we had the misfor- tune to have our mizcn-maft give way at the head. About eight o'clock, the gale abated, but the rain con- tinued*, almoA without intcrmifllon. During thefe fqualls the natives frequently brought us fmall cod, fmall bream, or fardine, and a fupply of other fifb. Sunday the tsth, in the evening, we received a vifit from a tribe of natives, whom we had not fcen before, and who, in goneral, made a better appearance than our old friends. When condudled mto the cabin, there was not an objeA that fixed their attention ; all our novelties were looked on with indifference, except by a very few, who (hewed a certain degree of curidflty. On Thurfday the i6th, when our carpenters had made a confiderable progrefs on the mizen-maft, they dif- covered that the tree on which they were at work, was wounded, owing, it was imagined, to fome accident in cutting it down. It therefore became neccflary to pro- cure another tree out of the woods, on which work all hands were employed about half a day. During this operation, many of the natives were gazing on with an inexprcflible furprize, which, from their general inat- tention, we did not cxpedl. On Saturday, the i8th, a party of Grangers, in fcven or eight canoes, came into the cove, and after looking at us for fomc time, retired. Wc concluded, that our old friends would not fuifer them to have. any dealings with us. It was evident, indeed, that the neighbouring inhabitants engrolTed lis entirely to themfelves; and that they carried on a traffic with more diftant tribes, in thofc articles they had re- ceived from us: for they frequently difappeared four or jive days together, and returned with frefli cargoes of curipfities and (kins. Such of thrm as vifited us daily, after having difpofed of their trifles, employed them- felves in timing, and we always partook of what they caught : we alfo procured from them a confiderable quantity of good animal oil, which they brought to us in bladders. Some, indeed, attempted to cheat us, by mixiiig water with oil t and once or twice they fo far impofcd upon us, as to fill their bladders with water only. In exchange for their articles, of trafKc, metal wasgenefllly demanded by our vifiiorst and brafs had now fupplanted iron, being foughtafter, with fuch cager> ncfs, that before we left the found, fcaircely a bit of it was to be found in the lliips, except what conflituted No. 64, r r ,^ a part of our neccffjiry inftrumcnta: fuitt of cloathi were flnppcd of their putlonsi bureaus of their fur- nitures kettles, cannilkrs, and candle(ticki,all went to rack I fo that our American friends procured (rum ut n greater variety of things, than any other nation we had V ill ted. On Sunday, the 19th, moft of our work being now (inilhcd, Captain Ctxik fct out the next morning to furvey the found. I'rocccding drft to the weft point, wc difcovered a large village, and, before it a very fnug harbour, with from nine to four fathonis water. The inhabitants of this village, who were numerous, and to many of whom the Commodore was no (Granger, re- ceived him with great courtefy, every one prelTing him to enter his aprtmentt for feveral families have habita- tions under the fame roof. He accepted politely the invitations, and the hofpitable friends whom we vi' (ited, tciliticd every mark of civility and refpcdh In many of thcfe habitations women w ere employed, in making drcflcs of the bark or plant already mentioned, and executed their bufinefs much like the natives of New Zealand : others were bufy in opening fardinett large (hoals of which we have fecn brought on (horc, and mcafurcd out to feveral people, who carried them home, where they performed the operation of curing them : this is done by fmoke-drying. They are hung upon fmall rods; at firO, about a foot over the iirct they arc then removed higher and higher, to make room for others. When dried, they are clofcly packed in bales, and the bales covered with mats. Thus they are prelerved till wanted, and are not unpleafant food. They alfo cure cod, and other large fifli in the fame manner ; but thc(b bre fometimcs dried in the open air. Leaving this village, we proceeded up the weft fide of the found. For near three miles we faw feveral fmall iflands, fo fituated as to form fomc convenient harbours, the depths being from thirty to fcven fathoms. About two leagues w ithin the found, on the fame (idei an arm tuns in the dircdion of N. N. W. and another in the fame diredtion about two miles farther. About a mile above the fecond arm we found the ruins of > village. The framings of the houfes remained ftand- ing, but the boards or roofs were taken away. Behind this deferted village is a fmall plain, covered with the largeft pine-trees we had ever fecn. This was fingu- lar, as moft of the elevated ground on this fide the found appeared rather naked. Palling from hence to the end (ide, we obferved, what we nad before ima- gined, that it was an ifland, under which the (hipa lay 1 and that many fmaller ones lay fcattered about <"* tbe weft (ide of it. Upon the main land, oppofite the north end of our ifland. we faw a village, and landed there, but our Commodore was not fo politely received by the inhabitants, as by thofc of the other village he had vi- fited. This cold reception was occalioned by one furly chief, who would not fuifer him to enter their houfes. making expreflivefigns. that he was impatient for him to be gone. Captain Cook endeavoured in vain to footh him with prefents : thefe he did not re- fufe, though he continued the fame kind of behaviour. But. notwithftanding this treatment from the inhofpi- table chief, fome of the young women expeditioufly apparelled themfelves in their beft habiliments. afTem- bled in a body. and. joining in an agreeable fong, gave us a hearty welcome. Evening now drawing on. Cap- tain Cook propofed returning, and we proceeded tor the (hips round the north end of the ifland. When returned aboard, wc were informed that in our abfence, fome ftrangcrs from the S. E. had vifited our people in the (hips, who purchafed of them two filver table fpoons, that appeared to be of Spanilh mamifkdure. They were worn round the neck of one of thofc vifi- tors by way of ornament. Wednclday, the 32nd, about eight o'clock A. M. we were vifited by a number of (frangers from the fouthward. After their departure the two Captains, Cook, and Clerk, went in their own boats to the village at the ^cR point, where our Commodore had been two days before, and had obferved that olenty of grafs wat to be had near it; and it was neccflary to get a fupply 6 U ^ 538 Capt. COOKi VOYAGES COMPLETE. ;'!' of this, for the few rrtnaininu ((oats ami fhrcp that were flill on board. We received the fame welcome receution ai before, and our Coinnioiiore ontrred fome of the people to k-gin cutting: not imagining the na- tives would objei'lto ourfiirnilliing ourfcivcs with what could not be of any ufc to them, though circntially ne- ceflary for us. In this, however, we were millaken, for at foon as our men began cutting the grafs, fome of the inhabitants would not permit them to proceed, faying, " Makook," fignifying, that we muft nuy them firff. During this event, Captain Cook was in one of the hnufcs, but, hearing of it, he repaired immediately to the fleld, where heTound about us, a do7.cn claimants of different parts of the grafs, that grew on the premifes. The Commodore treMcd with them for it, and having cottiplied with the terms of his purchafe, thought we had now full liberty to cut whatever we pleafed. Here he was again miftnken i for he had fo liberally paid the firlt pretended proprietors, that frelh demands were made from others, fo that every fmgle blade of grnfs might have had a feparate owner ; and fo many of them were to be fatisfied, that his pockets prefcntly liecame empty. When they were convinced of this laft flrik- ing circuniftance, they ccafed to be importunate, and wc were permitted to cut where we thought proper, and •s much as we pleafed. Here it is worthy ofobferva- tion, that wc never met with any uncivilized nation, or tribe, who poircflcd fiich ftrii't notions of their having an cxclufive property in the produce of their country, as the inhabitants of this found. They even wanted our people to pay for the wood and water that w ere car- ried aboard. Had Captain Cook been prefcnt when thcfc demands were made, he would doubtlefs have complied with them t but our workmen thought dif fcrently, and paid little or no attention to fuch claims. The natives thinking we were determined to pay not the leaft confidcration, at length ccafed to apply for the fame: but they frequently took occafion to remind us, that their efteem for us had induced them to make us a prefcnt of wood and water. Having completed all their operations at this village, the natives and the two Captains took a friendly leave of each other, and wc re- turned to the lliips in the afternoon. The 23d, 24th, and 25th, were employed in pre- paring for fea; the fails were bentj the obfervatories and other articles were removed from the fliorc; and both fliips put into a proper condition for failing. On Sanday the 26th, the Commodore intended to have fet fail, but having both wind and tide againft us, wc were under a neceflity of waiting till noon, when the tide turning in our favour, the fliips were towed out of the cove. At four o'clock P. M. the mercury in thcba. romctcr funk uncommonly low, and wc had every ap- pearance of an approaching ftorm from the fouthward: but the Captain's anxiety to profecutc the voyage, and the ff ar ot lofing fo good an opportunity of getting out of the found, operated more ftrongly upon his mind than the apprehcnfion of danger, and he refolved to put to fca. Wc were attended by the natives till we were al- rnort out of the found; fome in their canoes, and others on board the fliips. One of the chiefs who had par- ticulaiU attached himfelf to Captain Cook, was among ilu- lad who parted from us. The Captain a little time before w c got under way, made him a fmall prefent ; for which he received, in return, a beaver fl;in of much fuperior value. For this reafon the Captain made an addition to his prefent. which pleafed the chief fo highly, that he prefented to the Commodore the beaver-lkm cloak wnich he then wore, and of which he was par- ticularly fond. Struck with this inflance of generofity, and wifliing him not to be a fuffercr by his gratitude. Captain Cook infiftcd iipon his acceptance of a new broad-fword, with a brals hilt, with which he appeared greatly delighted. We were carneflly importuned by the chief, and many of his countrymen, to pay them • another vifit; who, by way of inducement, promifed to procure a large flock of (kins. Before wc continue the progrefs of our voyage, we think it may be no fmall ' entertainment to our readers, to ccmprife in the re- mainder of this chapter further pariiculurt relative t* the country and its inhabitanti. The inlet in which our fliipt were moored is called by the natives Nuotka, but Captain Cook gave it the name of King Oeorge's Sound. The entrance is in theeafl curneruf HopcBay, in latitude 49 deg. .i.) min. N. longitude 3;;3 drs. la min. E. 7°hc eaft coafl it covered by a chain of iunkcn rocks, and, near the found, are fome illands and rocks above water. We enter the found between two rocky points, lying K. S. E. and W. N. W. from each other, diftant hiur miles. The found widens within thefe points, and extends to the northward at leafl four leagues. In the middle of it are a number of iflands of^various fizes. The depth of water, not only in the middle of the found, butalfo clofe to fome pai's of the fliore, is from 47 to 90 fa- thoms or more. Within its circuit, the harbours aixl anchoring places are numerous. The cove, where our fliips anchored, is on the eafl flde of the found, and alfoonthe eaftof the largcfl ifland. Ita principal re- commendation is that ot being covered from tne fea 1. for it is cxpofcd to theS. E. winds, which foinetimcs blow with great violence. Upon the fea coafl, the land is tolerably high 1 but, within the found, it rifcs into fleep hills, which have a uoiform appearance, ending in rnundifli tops, with flarp ridges on their fulcs. Many of thefe hills arc high; all of them are covered to their fumniits with the thickefl woods. The foil upon them is produced from rotten niolTcs and trees, of the depth of about two feet. Their foundations arc nothing more than ftupcndous rocks; of a grey or whitifli caft « hen cxpofcd to the weather; but, when broken, arc of a hluilli grey colour. The rocky fliorcs confifl en- tirely of this; and the beaches of the little coves in the found are compofcd of fragments of it. The climate appears to be infinitely milder than that on the eafl coall of America, under the fame parallel of latitude. We perceived no froft in any of the low ground; hut, on the contrary, vegetation proceeded very brifkly, for, at this time, we law grafs upwards of a foot long. The trees of which the woods^are com- pofcd are the Canadian pine, white cyprefs, and two or three other forts of pine. The two firfl are in the greatefl abundance. At a diflance t^ey refemblc each other; but they are eaflly diflinguiflied on a nearer view, the cyprefs being of a paler green than the other. In general, the trees grow here with great vigour, and arc of a large flze. About the rocks and borders of the woods, we faw fome ftrawberry plants, raflxrry, cur- rant, and goofeberry buflies, all in a flourifliing flate. We found alfo a few black alder-trees ; a fpccies of fow- thiflle; fome crows-foot with a finecrimfon flower, and two forts of Anthericum. Wc met with fome wild rofe-buflies, jufl budding: fome young leeks ; a fmall fort of grafs, and fome water-creflcs; bcfides a great abundance of andromcda. The feafon of the year did not permit us to acquire much knowledge of the vege- tables of this country ; and being in a cove, on an ifland, all the animals that we faw alive were two or three ra- coons, martins, fquirrels; and fome of our people who landed on the continent, on the fouth-eafl fide of the Sound, obferved the prints of a bear's feet, not far from the fliore; but wc could onlv judge of thc..qua- drupeds from the flcins purchafcd of the inhabitants, and thefe were fometimes fo mutilated, that wc could not even guefs to what fpecies of animals they belonged, though others were fo perfed as not to admit a doubt about them. The moft common of thefe laft forts were bears, deer, foxes, and wolves, Bear-flcins arc in abundance, but not very large; their colour is generally a ftiining Wack. The deer-flcins arc not fo plentiful, and appear to belong to what the inhabitants of North- Carolina in America, call the fallow-deer; but Mr. Millar, in his New Syftem of Natural Hiftory diftiii- guifties it by the name of Virginian deer, and thinks it quite a different fpecies from ours. Our very nume- rous friends and fubfcribers will not be difblcafed if wc here give a decifivc opinion in favour ot that Entire New, Cheap, and Capital Work, MitiAa's rral New \ / ¥■1 l>i' jwj .i.lJ NHMtip M'ile s =Eim JO ry?. t J}\'H-en iA^ I^mi^on Jhhin^'hcJ iy sJicA^' N^^ifif .tU f/n- hlfi^^^^ •« 1 1 i t ,' # - -. i • ■I I 1 1. 1 .1" : ^^' • •i 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 ••■ 1 1 '. *• HH[ ^^' • 1 1 1 * •• < w f _ * ■ 1 ' <«' 1 '\ ■ *• % ^ 1 -• -»x 1 ^1 i ..>, 1 ^^B I's 1 1 H: 1 I ■• " / •> 111 F \ 1 1 '^ 1 »-■« it \ f;h -. *\^ 1 1 ( - \ ./' ' 1 I # HI* , *^ 1'' ' « *v 1 %v' % t • t ^ ( K 1 ?, >, «;» ^ I '' / i t ■ » III!' [ / 1 1 1 X IP v / \^ V'l \ ' B 4 > • B'l ' f' '-. B» '' I " ! IN I 1 t ' 11 » i t ^■i^ ^' J 1 i }■: ■' ••-.T" ' u.^ ,,..,,., ,. . - ^.. . . . . . . — t 1 !'■ L . - . ! 1 ( ■ , ■ _, . , v; *■ ' :\ : •» - » - 1 , . / \ c m ,i;' I • I ''■4 ■' - ril., ;:'i/' ^■•^^ '■ •..• ■ , 1: . ; '■i't^''ii'.J 'ir.'::. ] il! ^ ;?;•■■*'"■ ISm ..■ ( ^ o C/3 1^- o z C/5 ■o COOK'8 THI|LD and LAST VOYAGE—To thunts, is certainly ibfcer and finer than that of any other animals known by the Europeans; confequently the difcovery of this part of the continent of North-America, where fo valuable a,n article of commerce may be met with, cannot be a matter of indifference. Mr. Coxe, in his Ruflian Dif- coyeries, on the authority of Mr. Pallas, fays, that the old and middle-aged fea-otters (kins are fold at Kiatchta, by the Ru(nans, to the Chinefe, from 80 to 100 rubles a (kin, that is from i61.,to 2ol. each. . The birds that frequent the waters and thelhoresare fer from being numerous : they arg veiy (hy, owing, perhaps, to their being continually harralied by the na lives, either to eat, or for their feathers to be worn as omamenu. We met with humming birds, different in fome refpedts from the various forts already known of this deliCiite little anin\^. Shags and gulls are alfo frequent in the Sound. Some fwans too were fccn flying to the northward, but we know not their haunts. Here are two^ (brts of wild ducks ; one black, with a white head; the other white, with a red bill, but of a larger ^fiize: alfo the greater Lumme, or diver, found in the northern parts of Europe. On the (hores we found a fand-pipcr, not unlike the burre, a plover, refembling our common lark, and two kinds of wood-peckers, one fmaller than a thrufh, the other laiger and more elegant. Pifh are idbre plentiful than birds. The principal forts we found were the common herring, not exceed ingfeven inches ui lehgth ; a fmaller fort, of the fame kind with the anchovy, though .rather larger : a filver coloured bream, andanothcrof a brown colour, with narrow blue (Iripes. Sharks fometimes frequent the found, for the natives have fome of their teeth in their po(reflion. About the rocks there is an abundance of large mufcles, many of a fpan long; in fome of which are large pearls; but they are not pleafing either in colour or (hape. Red coral is to be found either on the coaft or in the found, large branches of it having been feen in the canoes of the natives. The only reptiles obferved here were brown fnakes, about two feet in length, having whiti(h ftripes on the back and fides ; and brownifh water li- zards. The former are quite harmlefs. The' infe£l tribe feem to be much more numerous. We found here .both iron and copper, but we do not think either of them belong to 4his place. We did not fee the ores of any meuls, except a coarfc red ochry fubftance, ufed by the natives in painting or ftaining their faces and bodies; they had.alfoa.b' -ck and white !>igment madeufe .of.ibr the f^mepurpofe. Exclu- ive of the rock, whicl^ forms the (nores and moun- tains, we found among the natives fome things made of 'a hard black granite, not very compad, nor fine grained; alfo a sreyifh whetflone; the common oil ftonej and a black fort, little inferior to thq hone ftpne. they had likewise pieces oTrock chry Bal. We could not obtain this from theni without a very valuable re- turn. As to the natives, their peifons, in general, are under the common ftaturc; uhialiy pr?tty plump, but not hiufqulart the forehead low; the eyes fmall, black, and rather langui(hing, than fparkling; the mouth round, with large, thick Tips; the teeth tolerably equal and well fet. Their eye-brows are alfo fcanty, and always nar- row; but the hair of the head is in great abundance, very coarfeand ftrong; aid, without a fincle exception, black, ftraight, and lank. Some have no beards ; others only a thin one On the point of the chin ; for they pluck it out elfewhere by the roots; and thofe who do not thus eradicate it, have not only cohfidcrable beards, on .every part of the chin, but alfo whilkers, ormuftachios, running from the upper lip to the lower jaw obliquely downward; whence we may conclude, that it is a mif- taken notion, though efpoufcd by eminent writers, that Ainerican Indians have no beards. The limbs, in all of them, are (mall in proportion to the other parts ; be- fides they are ci'ookecf and ill-formed, having projeft- ing ancles, and large feet, -awkwardly Ihapcd.' Their colour could never be determined pofitively, as their bodies were incruftf-^ with paiHt and dirt. Th^ womeh . . are nearly of the fa,..: fiie with the men, from whom it is not eafy to diflinguifli them, as they pofTefs no na- turaf delicacies fufficient to render their perfons agree- able. A certain famenefs charaifterizes both lexes; dulnefs, and want of exprelTion, being vifibly pour- traycd in every vifage. In common, their drels is a flaxen kind of mantle, ornamented with a narrow ftripc of fur on the upper edge, and fringes at the lower one. Pafling under the left arm, it is tied by talTels over the right (houlder. Sometimes they fallen the mantle rourtd the waift with a girdle of coarfc matting; over which is worn a fmall cloak of the fame fubftance, fringed at the bottom, and reaching to the waift. They wear a Cap, in (hape of a flower-pot, made of very fine matting, ornamented with a bunch of leathern tanels, and having a ftring pafTing under the chin, to prevent its blowing off. Befides the above drefs, which is common to both fexcs, the men throw frequently over their other gar- ments the (kin of a bear, wolf, or fea-Ottcr, with the hair outward, and tie it as a cloak, near the upper piin, wearing it fometimes before, and fometimes behind. Was this drefs kept clean, it would by no means be in- elegant; but as they are continually rubbing their bo- dies over with a red paint, mixed with oil, their gar- ments become greafy, and contradl a rancid oflfenfive fmell. The appearance, indeed, of thefe people is both wretched and fllthy, and their heads and garments fwarm with lice. So lOft are they to every idea of dean- linefs, that we frequently faw them pick off thefe vermin, and eat them with the ^"eateft compofure. Their faces are ornamented with a Variety of colours; a black, a brighter red, or a white colour : the laft of thefe gives them a ghaftly appearance. Over the paint they ftrew the brown nurtial mica, which caufes it to glitter. Many of their ears are perforated in the lobe, where they make a large hole,' and two fmaller ortcs higher up on tl.'; outer edge. In thefe holes are hung bits of bone, quills faftened upon a leathern thOng, (hells, bunches of tafTels, or thin pieces of copper. In fome, the fcpcum of the nofe is alfo perforated, and a pieceof cord drawnthrough it. Others wear, at the fame place, pieces of copper, brafs, or iron, fliaped fomewhat like a horfe-fhoe, the narrow opening receiving the feptum, fo that it may be pinched gently by the two points, and thus the orna- ment hangs over the upper lip. Their bracelets, which they wear about their wrifts, are bunches of white bugle beads, or thongs with tafTels, or a black, broad, horny, fliining fubftance. . Round their ancles they wear fre- quently leathern thbnes, or the flntwsof animals cu- rioufly twifted. Befidcs thefe, their ordinary dreffcs, they nave fome that are ufed only when going forth to war, and exhibiting themlelv^s to ftrangers in ceremo- nial viflu. Among thefe'are the fkins of bears or wolves, tied on like their other garments, but edged with broad b^rdeia of^ fur, onuunci)Ced ingenioufly with various figures. ' I t. '■■ i.^'itl Vv (*--iL7S. I 540 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. Ml. 1; h' i;" ym; K figures. They are worn (eparatcly, or over their com- mon cloaching. The ifiolt uHial head-drefs, on chcfe occafions, n a quantity of withe, wrapped about the head, with large feathers^ particuUrly thore of eagles ftuck in it, or entirely covered with fmui white feathers. At the fame time the face is varioufly pointed, the upper hud lower parts being of opjjoritc colours, and the ftrokes having the appearance of larcc galhts ; or it is fiefmeared with a kind of fat or tallow, mixed with fiaint, formed into a great variety of figures, fomewhat ike carved work. Ine hair, fometinics, is fcparated into fmall parcels, and tied, at intervals, with thread : others tie it behind, after the Englifh fafliion. Thus ed, they have k tti\\y favagc and ridiculous ap- .pearancc, which is much heightened when they aflumc their monftrous decorations. Thefc confift of a great variety of wooden maflcs, applied to the face, fore- head^ Of upper part of the head. Some of the vifors refemble human faces, having hair, beards, and eye- brows; others reprefent the heads of birds, and various .animals, fuch as deer, porpoifes, wolves, &c. Such kind of reprefcntations exceed generally the natural fixe, and they are frequently ftrewed with pieces of the :nuca, which makes them glitter, and augments their deformity. In thefe imaginary decorations, they fome- times run into greater excefs, and fix large pieces of .carved work upon the head, projctfling to a confidera- ble diflance, and rcfembling the prow of a canoe. Whether thefc extr:avagant mafquerade ornaments are . ufed on any religious occafion, or in any kind of diver- fiort, or whether they are intended to intimidate by their monftrous appearance, or as decoys when hunting ani- . mals, is uncertain. One of the dreffes feems peculiarly .adapted to war: It is a thick tanned leathern mantle, , double, and acpnears to be the fkin of an elk, orbulfalo. : This is faAcnea on in the ordinary manner, and is fo , contrived as to cover the breall quite up to the throat ; part of it, at the fame time, falling down to their heels. ' This garment is curioufly painted, and is flrong enough, as we underflood from them, to refifl even Ipears; fo '. that it may be confidered as their completed defenlive . armour. Though we cannot vjew thefc people without ■ a kind of horror, when they are thus ftrangely appa- relled, yet when divefted of thefe extravagant drelfes, ' and beheld in their common habit, they feem to be of . a qui % phlegmatic difpofition; though deficient in vivacity, to render themfelves agreeable in fociety. They are rather referved than loquacious; but thtir gravity feems conditutional, and not the refult of any particular mode of education : for the orations made by them on public occafions, arc little more than fhort fcntences, or only fingle words, forcibly repeated in one tone of voice, accompanied with a fingle eelture at every fentence. From their olTering human Ikulls and bones to fale, there is not the lead reafon to doab: of their treating their enemies with a favage cruelty; but, as this circumflancc rather marks a general agreement of charader among almofl every uncivilized tribe, in every age and country, they are not to be reproached with any charge of peculiar inhumanity. We had not ' any reafon to judge unfavourably of their difpofition in this refpecl : they appear to be docile, courteous, and '. good-natured; but, notwithftanding their phlegmatic temper, they are quick in refenting injuries; yet, like all paflionate people, they forget them quickly. It muft be admitted, that they are not wholly iinfufceptible of the tender paflions, which is evident from their being fond of mufic. and that too of the pathetic kind. Their fongs are generally flow and folemn. Sonnets . were fung by fingle performers, keeping time by f^rik- ing the hand againft thie thigh. A rattle, and a fmall ' whidle, arc the only infl^umenu of mufic which we faw amoi^ then^. The rattle itiifed when they fing; but upon what occafiona the wl^ifHe it emp!oy.ed, wp knortr not, unlefs it be when th^ ^fTun^e the figures of parti- cular animals, aad endeavour to imitate their howl or cry. We once faw one. of thefc peo(tle drefTed in the Ikin of a wolf, with the head covtrihjjhisfwny ftriving . to imitate that animal, by making a fqiieaking noifc with^a whittle he had in hii tnoiiith. ' Thi raftfci ait go- ■' ' a •' neratly \A the fhipe of a bird, with ftiiallpebblea in the belly, and the tail if the handlfc. We obferved another fort, which refembles a chiM's ntttle. In trafficking with us, fome of them difplayed a dif^ pofition to knavery; taking awdy Our goods without making any return. But the inftanKs ofthis were rare-, and we had abundant reafon to approve the integrity of their cnndu(ft. However, their cagerncli M pofTefs iron, brafs, orany kind of metal, was fo great, that when an opportunity prefcnted itftif, few of them could refifl the temptation to fteal it. The inhabitants of theSouth* fea i Hands in their petty larcenies were adtuated by a chiidifli difpofition, rather than a thievifh one. The novelty of the objed excited their curiofity, and was s fuflicient inducement for them to get polTcflion of it by any means: but the natives of Nootka, who made free with our property, are entitled to no fuch apok^. The appellation of thieves is certainly applicable to themt for they well knew that what they pilfered from us would be fubfervient to the private purpofes of utility; and it was fortunate for us, that metals were the only articles upon which they fct any value ; but thefts are very common among themfelves, producing continually quarrels, of which we faw feverai inftances. The two villages we vifitec are probably the only in- habited parts of the found. IHie number of inhabit- ants may be computed from the canoes that vifitcd our fliips the fccond day after our arrival. They confifVed of about a hundred, which upon an average, con- tained, at leaf^, five perfons each; but as there were very few women, children, or young men among them, we may reafonabiy fuppofe, that the number of fouls in the two villages, could not be lefs than four times the number of our vifitors, being in the whole two thop- fand. The village, fituated at the entrance of the found, l^ands on the fide of a pretty fleep afcent, ex- tending from the*Kajch to the wood. There are holes, or windows, in the fitld.s of the houfes to look out at, having bits of mats hung before tbtm, to prevent the rain getting in. Their houfes, in the infidc, may, with propriety, be compared to a Idng Englifh ftabic with a double range oif fialls, and a board paifage in the mid- dle; for the different families are fejiarated only by a piece of plank. Clofe to the fides, m each of thefe parts, is a bench of boards, raifed five or fix feet higher than the rcfl of the floor, and covered with mats, whereon the family fit artd fleep. Thefe benches are coirimonly fevcn or eight feet long, and four or five broad. In the middle of the floor, between them, is the fire-place, which has neither hearth nor chimney. This part appeared common to them all. The nafti- nefsand flench of their houfes are at leaft equal to the confufioh within; for, as they dry their fifli within doors, they alfo gut them there, which, with their bones - and fragments, thrown down at meals, and the addition of other forts of filth, lie every where in heaps.'and are, it fhould feem, never carried away, till they become troublefome, from their fize, to walk over them. In a word, their houfes are as filthy as hog-fties; every thing in, and about them, ftinkingof filh, train oil and fnnpke. Their fiirniturc confifts chiefly of chefts and boxes of various fizes, piled upon each other, at the fides or ends of each houfe, wherein they depofit all their va- luables, fuch as fkins, garments, maflcs, &c. Many of thefe boxes are painted black, and' ftudded with the teeth of animals, or rudely decorated with figures of birds carved. To complete the fcene of confuiion, in difterent parts of their habitations are hung up imple- ments of fifliing, and other articles. Among ■ thefc we may reckon tncir images, whi«h are nothing more than the trunks of large trees, of the height of about four feet, placed at the upper end of the apartmont, with a human face carved on the front, and the hands and arms upon the fides. Thefe figures are varioqfly painted, and make, upon the ^whole. a ridiculous ap- pearance. They arc called. jInerallyKlumma. Afprt of curtain, made of mat, uflially hung before the images, which the natives were fomptimcs unwilling to remove; and when they did confent to unveil them, theyfccroed to exprcf* thea»f<.lve« in avery myft«ri04)# nwnneri »nd ■^ yet [■, li is M u k cbbleii in the Ved another ilaycd a i]i& sdt without U were rarr, integrity of pofTcfs iron, hat when an could rc(i(t >f the Souths dluated by a 1 one. The , and was a (Hon of it by made free pology. The ble to thenit om us would tility; and it only articles efts are very r continually I. Uheonlyin- r of inhabit- at vifited our hey confifted verage, cos- is there were mong them, xt offouls in lur times the lie twothon- trancc of the p afcent, ex- icrc are holies, i look out at, ) prevent the dc, may, with liable with a : in the mid- ited only by a ach of ihefc e or fix fcec covered with rhefe benches id four or five vcen them, it nor chimney. I. The nafti- equal to the r fiih within ith their bones ~ d the addition in heaps,' and 1 they become :rthcm. In a :s ; every thing ail and fmpke. and boxes of t the fides or t all their va- Irc. Many of ided with the rith figures of confuuon, in ijg up implc- Among thefe nothing more light ot about he aparcmont, and the hands s are varioqAy ridiculous ap> ivntra. A.iprt fore the images. ling to remove ; in, theyfccmed Jmanncri and yet 'i.;.'>SJi' '.II , 'iW :ijN >, IV # '■Mil . •;|,,. II', m ■ l??:?"-^^. l'W,''ll ,■ ■sfc.«,t V 1 •'■' »>■ 4 li™ '.' '' : I ,l^^' .^ r c ■■ '*«M»^.-, ; »-J?^,. .' "">i^S i#^::: ' '■ > ;> HI' '!! lU |, HP ' * ..^•/^•*V*fl- -)!/,• i-^,^ ; .,,;v i-V>- ■■■: *>■ ^•'- .;-Vv,;',!.;^, V ■■'^ir . :.r'il ir ;;; t ;:l5t'-|l.:, ', .■ ! i^feti'"' .# 4 I . .^1 5' I ^■'U •it ■ fct.' ., \' ■ . ' ? • t;V I' .■ii ■■^^i^!» ,M ^i !(!■ ••'i' n^i Pt- 5-! h < VTAr^T- t;,;. ■*/(••• '{5, 1 , > !■■ . V '^ " 1 ' aKViYgz AvaftP"tf axiaHvxo J" saioixiiv'»"i**A l:^'; . #.;#• \ftta:Vi^^tV^n>t»-f ^»*MV^mJ* uafttn/HMMH^t n ftM ^kf^^ff tm^/if, Ik I ^ 'iH^ m J f it^i*#H?''- '>^^v-^yi«^"^»•■• , ,M tT^,- ill 1^ ■• 1 H v.> »* ''^•^.^l ■.,,;;f :f- ■n» / •IH " .«^;;;^ ■iSSMBtt |#';4 •• :,-:ii||^?r'»if{iiS&iittir«^fj|.'' t; ■f :.■': ' :' Xi0» 1^' W' CO0K>. THIRD sad LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, fiec. 541 -•tin f • «i yec ther were held la mfrtttf. tx%m»6inMy degree of eftirmtion, Aeinc, vltK a teill qmneiry of braA or iron, itll tbil idob intlw sbise. inie;ht h«ve bcenpur^ chafed. Nfr^ Webber, when drawing a view of the infideof* houipcr tikSl, prefentid to hin»R,roet«l.button from, his coat, which irtimediaiely operated at waa intended : fodn after he wu again interrupted by the fame mai)/ wlra held • mat before the figure*: our gcntlemRn thvrefore gave him another button, wid was again futfiicd trt pro- ceed. The man then renewed hit former tricks, till Mr. Webber had parted with every finale button 1 after which he received not any fiirther moieiliition. Ai to the domeftic life of thefe people, the menfeem to be chiefly employed in fifliin^ and killing animall, for the fuftenancc of their familiei, few of tncm being engaged in any hOufehold bufmefs ; but the women wtr< employed in manufaduring their garments t and in cur-f ing fardines, which they alfo carry fronn the canoes to their houfes. They alfo go in fmall ginoea, to gather mufclea, and other (hell-nth. In the labour of the pad- dle thcyar&as dextroua ai the men, who Ihew them v^r^ little refpctflor attention on thi^, or any other oc- caiion. But the voung men are remarkably indolcntt fitting generally about in fcattered con>panies. baflving in the lun, or wallowing in the fand upon the beach, like ib many hogs, without any kind of covering. This difregard of decency was, however, confined foleiy tothemalcs) for the females were always cloathed, and behaved withgreat propriety, meriting juftly commen- dation for a modeft baihfulnefs, fo becoming that fcx. In the women of this place, it is the more meritorious, a» the men have not the lead fenfe of Ihame. Both fexes pafs much of their time in their canoes, efpeci- nlly in the fummer; in which they eat, flecp, and fre- quently lie to ba(k themfelves in the lun ; for thefe pur ■ pofei they are fufliciently (bacious, and are, in rainy weather, more comfortable habitation than their filthy houfes. Though their fixxl, ftri- ncr of eating aorrefponds with the nadinrfs of their houfes and pcrfonsi for the platten and troughs, out of which they eat their yidhials, fcfcm never to have been walhod fincc their <»iginal foniuitioni tlie dirty remains of a former meal, being only (wept away by a fucceed- ing one. Every thing folid end tough, biey tear Ito pieces with their hands and teeth ; for though their knives are employed in cutting off thc W«r portions, they have not yet endeavoured toreducethefeto mouth- fuls by the fame means, though more cleartly )ind con- I vcnient. But rhcy do not poHcfs even an idea of clean- i linefs, and [cat conAantly the roots! wMch arct dug out of the sround, without attempting to(|»ke off the foil ^ that adncre& ta them. Whether they have any fet time . I for their meals we never could find out, having feen them eat at all hours in their canoes. But having obferved ' feveral me(1«s of porpoife broth preparing aSaut noon. I when we went to the village, they tn^y probably make a I principal meal ;about that time. Thefe pec^le have, bows, and arrows, (pears, (lings, (hort truncheons miMle of bone, and a fmall pick..axe, :fomcwhat refembling the common American toma- ; hawk. Some of the arrows, are pointed with iron, \ and others with, indented bone : the fpear has ufually a long point madeof, bone. The tomahawk is a (lone of the length of fcven or eight inches, one end tcrminat- iiu; in a point, and the other fixed in a wooden handle. This is intended to refemble the head and neck of a hu- man figure ; the (tone being fixod in the mouth fo as to reprefent a tongue of a great tnagnittide. To heighten the refemblance, human hair is Wft feted to it. This ; weuion is called taaweelh ; and they tukvc another made of (tone, which they call feeaik. about ten or twelve inches lo<^, havingafquarcpoint. From the number of their weapons it maybereafonablycoocluded. that they j engage frequently in clofc combats; and we had very jdifagreeable proofs of their wirs b^ both frequent |aqdl}lpody, fronivthe quantity of buatanlkiilb that > were offered to us for falc. Withrcfpei^ to thc dcfign and exeeutim of dietr manufadtures, and mechanic arts, they tnnfmt exten. (ive and ingenious than could pojflbly be e3tiAc6ted from the patund difpoStion of ^spcopts, and the' litde pwjgrefstbi^havcnBa^p in ctyiliwiiJii, The fbxenand woolen gam^nts engi^^ir firft..»fw«fM^ f».fB«»*j^»po»'* mK Menedi to two 6 X _ others vi i 54* Gipl. COOK'i VOYAOBS COMPLETE. !■ ^ -?' pi;; lij" etlMftinMeKApafltion. T>wiMnufiidlurtr,irt»fl9 on her haiiM at thia fimpic iMchinr, knots it acroft, at thediftance of about half an inch from each other, with ftnall pbircd thrcadi. Though it cannot, bjr thi« method, be rendered b clofe and nrm at cloth that it woven, it it fuflkienriy imoervioui to the air, and it likewise ibftcr and more pliable. Their woollen gar- tnentt have much the appearance of woven cloth i nit the fuppofltion of their being wrought in a loom it deftroycd, bv the variout figures that are inoenioufly infcrted in tnemt it being very, improbable tmit thele people flwuld be able to produce fuch a complei work, except immediately by their handt. They are of dif- ferent qualitirii fome refcmblinf^ our coarfeft foit of blankets ( and others not much inferior to our fineft fort, and certainly both fofter and warmer. The wool of which they an manu(ii6tufed, fecmt to be procured fromdiflferenianimab, particularly the foi and brown Knx. That from the lynx it the nneft, and nearly re- lembiet our coaifcr wooli in colour i but the hair, which alfo grows upon the animal, being intermixed with it, caufes the appearance to be Ibmewhat different when Wroufiht. The ornamental figures in thefe garments atf difpofcd with grsat afte, wid arc generally of a dif- ferent colour, being ufually dyed either of a deep brMnib or a yctlowi the latter of which, when new, equals in brigntnefs, the molt vivid in our beft carpeu. Their tafte for carvii^ on all their wooden articles, correfponds with that of working figures upon their earmems. Nothing is to be ften without a kind of treezc-work, or a reprefentation of fomt animal upon it I but the moll comnKm one is that of the human face. The general de^ of thefe figures conveys a Afficient knowledge of the objcAs they are intended to teprefcnt ; and in the execution of many of the maflct ami heads, they prove themfeWet to be ingenious fculp- tors. They preierve, with the greateft exadnefs, the general chanaer of their own facet, and finilh the more minute paita with great accuracy and neatneft. That thefe pMple have a (bndneft for workt of thit fort it obfervaUt fai a varietvof particulart. Reprefentationt of human lM^r(8,binu,beaflt, fifh. and modeltof houfe- hold utenfiU, were found among them in a very great abundance. To their (kill in' the imiutive arti, we may add their drawing them in colours. The whole proceft of their whaM-filhery has been repreftntcdk in I this manner, on the capt they wear. Theexecuiion was indeed rude, but hereby we were convinced, that, though they have not the knowledge of letters among them, they have a notion of reprewnting aAions in a lafting way, exdufive of recording them in their longs and traditions. The (hudhire of their canoes is fimple, yet diey are well calculMed for every ufefiil purpofe. The largeft fort, which in each one will contun upwards of twenty people, are formed of a fingle tree. The length of many of them is 40 feet, the breadth 7, and the depth 3. They become gradually, narrower from the middle towards the end, the ftern ending, perpendicularly, with a knob at the Cop, The forepart ftretchcs for- wards, and upwards, and «ndh in a point, or prow, much higher than the fidet of the canoe, which are nearly ftraight. The greateft putof them are without any ornament t hut fome havea little carving, and are fludded with feals teeth on the furface. Thev have neither feats, nor any other fupponers,on the infide, except fome fnull round ftickt. kbout the fixe of A walking cane, placed acrofs, about half the depth of a canoe. They are ver^ light, and, on account of their breadth and flatneft. fwim firmly, without an out-r^ger, of which they arealldef- titutc. Their paddles, which are fnlall and light, re- feinble a fmall Kaf in Ihape, being pointed at the bot- tom, broad in the middle, tnd gradMlly becoming nar- rower intheihaftt die whole length Wngobeve five feet. By oonftant piiftke, they ntte aemrired great dexterity in the tiisMgement of theft JJaddfea 1 %ut tlicjr ncvernkktf ufe of uqF' fiiits. In their employmdM of filhing And huttings tteTr in- ftruraent» are tngeitoally oontrHfcd. and eimpleieiy made. They confiH of Nett,- teolti,- ffiwif haipeonti 4 . ''■ ■ I gigi,aiidaninihumemfcfefflMingAqoar. Thelaflui About 90 fcct in leiwth, fbur or five inches in breadth, and of the thicknefs of half an inch. The edges for about two thirds of its length, are fet with Iharp bone, teeth I th« other third Icrvlhg for a handle. With this inflnmwm they Itrike hcnirigs, fardincs, and other fifli as come in fiioais. which are uken either upon or ih the tecih. Their hooks, made of bone and wood, dif* phy no great innnuity 1 but the harpoon, ufcd in firik- ing whales, and other fea animalt, nuinifefts evident contrivance. It confifts of apiece of bone, formed into baibs, in which the oval blade of a large mufcle Ihcll, and the point of the inftnimem are fixed. Two or three fathoms of rope is fafiencd > to one end of which the harpoon is fixed fo as to leave the fluift Roat- ing, as a buoy upon the water, when the animal is firuck. As to their manner of catching land animals, or killins them, we are Rrang'rsi but, it it probable that they moot the fmaller font with their arrowi, and en< counter heart, wolvet, ami foxet^ with their fpeart. Sometimes they decoy them, by covering themfelvr* with their fltint, and runnii.'^ upon all fours, at which fport they are remarkable ni.nble. Fur the fame uur- Kfei the mafkt, or carved heads, as well as the aricd idt of different animalt, aieuficd. Every particular of the rope kind, which they ufe in making their variout articles, ii formed cither from thongi of Ikins, and linews of animals, or from the flaxen fubfiance, of which the^ manufaiilure their mantlet. The linewt were fbmetimct fo remarkably long, that it wat hardly polTible they cuiiKl have belonged to any other animal than the whaV. The afTidancc they receive from iron tooit contrib.ues to their dex- terity in wooden performances. I'hri' implements are alinoA wholly made of iron. 0:je v hiflcl indeed we faw made of bone. This confifts of a flat long piece, fallencd into a wooden handle. A (lone is their mallet, and a bit of fifli-fliin their polilher. Some of thefe chilTels were nine or ten inches in length, end three or fwxr in breadth i but they were, in seneral, coniUerably fmaller. The chiiTel and the knin are the prihcipM fbmu that iron afliimes among them. Some of their knives are very lars^, having crooked blades t the edge beiiw on tU* back, or convex patt. They are Iharpeneirupon a cdarfc Oate whetftone, and kept con- tinually brigm. What we law »mong them, were about the breadth and thicknefs of an iron noopi and their lin- gular form plainly proves, that they are not of Euro- pean make. Iron is called by the natives feekemaile, a name which they alfo give to tin, and other white me-> uls, It Ixnng fo common among thefe people, we were anxious to diicover how it could oe conveyed to them. On our arrival in the (bund, we perceived that they had a knowledge of traffic, and an inclination to pur(ue itt and we were afterwards convinced, that they had not acquired this knowledge from a curfory interview with- firangersi but with whom they carried on this traffic we coiiia not learnt for though we faw fcveral articleiof European manufiklure, fuch at braft and iron, yet it does not follow, that they were received from European nations. We could not obtain the lead information qf. their having feen (hips, like ourt, before, nor of their havingbeenengagedin commCTcewiih fuch civilized people. Many circumftancet corroborate to prove thit beyond doubt. On our arrival, they were eamcft in their enquiries, whether we meant to fettle among them, and whether we were friendly vifiton, informing usjat the fame time, that they gave us wood and water from motives of firiendlhip. This proves fufficiently, that they confidered themfclves as proprietors of the place, and dreaded no fuperiority: for it would have Men an unnatoial enquiry, if any (hips had been here before, and had fupplied themfclves with wood and water, and then departed 1 for they might then reaftm- ablycxpeftthacwe(boulddothefame. Itmuftbead- n^ediTindeedt that diey exhibited no maiktot fur- price At bdiolding our (hips; but this may, wim great prapriety, be attributed to thejr natural indolence of tiS^, and their wanting a thirft of curiofity. They *^ were COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OOLKSlf, & m Tbekftu in brtadth, «edget tor fliarpbone> With thk idochcr fifli upon or ih iwoad.dir« ftdindrik. cfti evident ne, formed •rge mufcle iicd. Two one end of > ihaft float- e animal is animali, or robable that iti, and en< fieir fpcan. themfclvc* I, at which r fame pur- ls the dried which they rnicd cither Is, or from allure their remarkably ivc belonged ie afliftattcc ) their dcx- jlcnicnis are indeed we long piece, their mallet, me of thcfc nd three or confiderabljr he prihcipv ime of their blade* ( the :. They are id kept con- I, were about iiid their fin- lot of Euro- *eekemaile, a ;r white me' iple, we were ^ed to them, [hat the^ had to puruie its hey had not terview with :his traffic we ral articles of I iron, yet it tm European iformation qf nor of thetr uch civilized ite to prove were eameft fettle among rs, informing od and water 3 fufficiently, ietors of the It would have ad been here th wood and t then reafon- [tmuftbead- nuiikt of fur- y, with great indolence of iofiiy,* They were «cre never flfertM at the report of a mufquet. till ihfy. one day, Owwed ut that their hide drcflct were impci trahie to their (jpran andvrawi, when one of our jm. pie flMta nuifiiuet bell through one of them tlHt hi^ been (Ik tiiAa folded. Their aftoniihnient at this pleinly indkMcd their Ignorance of the eflcft of Arc arms. Thia wu afterwarda very frequently confirms, when we uftd to (hoot birds, at which they appeared gtcady confounded. Our explanation of the piece, to- gether with the nature of iu operation, with the aid of (hot and ball, ftruckthcmfo forcibly, as to convince tis of their having no previous ideas on this matter. Though (bme account of a vovage to this coaft. by the Spaniards, in 177+, or 1775, had arrived in England bdbre we failed, the circumdancc^ juft mentioned, iirove, that thefe (hiiM had never been at Nootka. It s alfo evident, that iron could not have been in fo many hands, nor would the ufc of it have been fo well known, if they had fo lately obtained the (trft knowledge of it. From their general ufe of this meul, it probably comes from fomeconftantfource.in thewayoftraflk.and they have perhaps been longfuppUed with it 1 for they ufe their tools with as much dexterity as the longed pradice can acquire. The mo(t natural coniedure, therefore, is, that they trade for their iron with other Indian tribes, who may have fome communication with European fettlements upon that continent, or receive it through fcvcral intermediate nations. By the fame means they probably obuin their brafs and copper. Not only the rude materials, but fome manufai^ured articles feem to have (bund their way hither. The brafs ornaments for nofes are made in fo maderly a manner, that the Indians cannot be fuppofed capable o( fabricating them. We arc ceruin, that the materials are European, as all the American tribes are ignorant of the method of making bndsi but copper has been frequently met with, and, fromiu dudUlity, might be ealily falhioncd into any flwpe, and polifbed. if fuch articles are not ufed by our traders to Hudfon's Bay and Canada, in their traflic with the natives, they mud have been introduced at Nootka from Mexicoi whence, it is probable, the two filver table fpoona were originally derived. With r; Tpe& to the religioua and political inftitutiona eftabliihed among thefe pMple, we cannot be fuppofed to have acquired much knowledge. However, we dif- covered, that there were fuch men as chieft,di(lin|(ui(hed by the title of Acweek, to whom the others are, in fome degree, fubordinate. But the authority of each of thefe Jrreat men, feems to extend no farther than to his own amily, who acknowledge him as their head. Nothing that we faw could give us an inftght into their notions of religion, except the (igures already mentioned, callfed klumma. The(e, perhaps, were idols > but as the word acweek was frequently mentioned when they (poke of them, wc fuppole thqr may be the images of (ome of their anccAors, whofe memories they venerate. This fiowever is all conjeAurc; for we could receive no in- fernution concerning them, as we knew little more of their languasc than to enable us to afk the namea of things, and being incapable of holding any converfation with the natives relative to their traditions, or their re- ligious hillitutions. The word wakaih was frequendy in their mouths. It feemed to exprcis approbation, apr plaufc and friend(hip. Whenever they appeared to be fileafed or fatisfied,they would callout wakafhl wakaih! t is worthy of remark, that as thefe people diiTer from the natives of the iflands in the P^cinc Ocean, in their perfons, cuRoma, and language, we cannot fuppofe their refpedive progenitors to have belonged to the (ame tribe, when they emigrated into thoTe places where we now find their defcendents< Their language is, by no means, harfli or difagree- able, farther than their pronouncing the k and h with a ftronger afpiration, or more force than wc do. They have one found, which is ver^ frequent, and not ufed by us. It is formed in a particidar nMiiner by clalhfaig the tongue partly againft the roof of the mouth. It u diflkult to reprefcnt thu (bund by any compofition of oiir lettei^ uideia fromlfztM) whkh ia getKrally u(ed UM temiimtion. The next is cooqpoMd of Idi and nany words end with t and fs. A l^inwn or two of cack, of thefe is here put down. OpoKkihl '9nul(kthl . iUh(herf* Tce(heh< ^d Kodttt ' - Quahit. S* - ftt SUH m • The MttH • - - Dftd ' - T» lhrw)all*m m - A tmmanJkuH . • • Pifilim Wimr '.a. Tfliwack • - Akkia - Katfiifa - Mo, or Moo Sochah - Nofpo - - - Atflepoo - - Atlaquolthl - - Tfawaquulthl . Haceoo - - - - One - Ttw - 7*rw - Fmr - Ftve . Six • Eight - Nine - Tnf With rcfpcA to the compofition of their language we can fay very little, having been fcarcely able to dil- tinguiih the feveral parts ot fpccch. We can only in- fer from their manner of fpcaking, which is very flow and diftind, that it has very few prcpolitions or con- junflions J artd, as far as we could difcovcr, is deiiitutc of even a (ingle interjeiition, to exprcfs admiration or furprize. From having few conjundtions, it may be conceived, that each fingle word, with them, will com- prehend a great number of fuigle ideas « which. |ccms to be the cafe I but, for the fame rcafun, tin language will bedefe>ftive in other refpeds, not having words to diftinguifh or exprcfs differences which really cxifti and hence not fufficiently copious. This vim obrerved to be the cafe, in many inftances, particutaily with re- fpeCt to the lumes of animals. Inc relation or affinity it may bear to other languages, either on this, or the Afiatic continent, wc have not been able fufficiently to trace, for want of proper fpecimens to compare it with, except thofe of the Efquinuux, and Indians about Hudfbn's Bay; to neither of which it has the lealt re. femblance. On the other hand, from the few Mexican words we have been able to procure, theri. is the moft obvious aigrecment in the terminations of words. In NoMka Sound it is high water, in the days of the new and (ull nuxm, at twenty minutes after twelve; the perpendicular rife and (all being eieht feet, nine inchcai which is to be underftood of the day tides, and thole which happen two or three days after the full and new moon. The night tides, at this time, rife near two feet higher. Some circumflances that occurred daily^ relating to this, defcrve particular notice. In the cove where we got wood and water, was a great deal of drift- vrood call afhore, a part ot which we had to remove, to come at the water. Now it frequently happened, that lame pieces of trees, that we had removed in day, out of the reach of the then high water, were found by. us doated again in our way the next morningj and all our fpouts for conveying water, thrown out of their « laces, which were immoveable during the day-tides, t^e found likewife wood, which wc had fplit up for (tiel, and had placed beyond the reach of the day-tide, floated away during the night. Some of thcfc circum- flances occurred every night and morning, for three or 4bur days in the height ot the fpring tides. To render our account of the tranfadions in Nootka Sound com- plete we muft add, that by a variety of aftronomical and nautical obfervations, we found its latitude to be 49 deg. 36 min. 6 fee. North, and iu longitude 333 deg. 17 min. 14 fee. Ea(t. It has been already related, that we put to fea on the 36th of April, in the evening, with manifeft indica- tions of an approaching flono; and by thefe figns we were not deceived, for we had fcarcc failed out of the Sound, when the wind Ihifted from N. E. to S. £. by E. and blew a ftrong gale, with Iqualis and rain, the (ky being, at the SuSie time, uncommonly black. Ap- piehenfiveof the. wind's veerio^ mpre to the South, which would apefe ui fo the danger of a lee-fliore; we i 0.1 ik4 'I ' '' ;t:'i;l J44 Cipt. COOK't VOYAOBS CUMPLBTB. t6t the ucka (NrSoinfrarul made all the fail wr could to the S. W. It fortunately happened, that the wind veered no fanher towards the S. and ^. E. (o that earlv the ne«t momtnn wc were entirely elear of the toaft. The DircayKry bcin^ at fome diDancc aftern, we brotight to till jhe catnr up, and then both vefrdi rtcered .1 north -wclleriy tourlc. IWtween one niul two o'clock V, M. there wai a tteilcct hurriinnr, infomuth that our commodore thought it exceeding dDnucrou* 10 run any longer before iti wc therefore, agreeahle to hii order, brought the fliipt to, with their hcaii.H to the fouth. In thii fituation our (hip, the Kcfolution, fprung A leak in her ftarboard «|iiarter, which at M\ aUrmcd us greatly \ but after the water wai baled out, which kept ui employed till midnight, we kept it under by nKani of the pump. In the evening, the wind having Ihiftcd to the fouthward, iti fury in fome mcafure abated t upon which we ftretched to the weft : but about eleven, the gale again increafcd, and continued till five the next morning, when the ftorm fcemed to have fpent iu force, and Mcamc moderate. The weather now cIcariiM up, we were able to fee feveral Ici^ea around UI, anJfteered more to th« north. At noon we fleered N. W. by N. with a frellt gale and fair weather. But, toward* the evenina, the wind again blew hard, with fqualli and rain. With thii weiiher we continMed tiM fame courfe till the 30th, when we fleered N. by Wl intending to make the land. Captain Cook regretted that wft could not do It ftNincr, at we were now pafllng the foot whcrr the pretended (Iriit of Admiral de Fonte ' hai been placed |)v geographer*. Though the captain gave no credit to futh vaj^eand improbable ftoriei, he » a» defiroui of keeping aHtants of FriiKt lyiUiam's Sound defcriM — 7he twojhips pivrerd along ihf iOiijIiSevfral capes named— Cook'j rivet difcwerei—Lieni- truant King takes poffe^ou of the ceuHtrf — Hif reeeonon h ihf natives— Departure of the fl/ips from Cook's rtvef-'Pisfs St. Hermogenes, and Jeveml (Uspes andtflands — LonjeHures roneeming a Ruffian letter trougvt on hard the Difcvutry— A providential rftape—Tbe Jbipt arrroe at Owala/hka—Dffnption bf the huHour 6f SamfanooJha — Pnfeeution of the voyage to the north'— Mr. lytUiamfon lands at Cape Nnvenbam-tlis report — Brijiol Bay— Extent of it— The /bifsokliged to return hy reafou of ibefboalS'^Point Upright- heath and (harafltr of Mr, Anderfon. O". Friday the ift of May, not feeing land, we fleered to the N. E. having a frefli breeze at S. S. F.. attended with fqualli, fliowcri of hail and rain. About I'even o'clock, P. M. we defcried land, diflant tu'clve leagues. At four o'chxrk the nekt morning the coafl was leen from S. E. to N. by W. the nearcft part diflant five leagues. At the fame time, the northern uointof an inlet, or at leafl what appeared to be ohe, bore K. by. S. from whence to the northward, along the coafl, there feeincd to be many btkys and harbours. At fix, approachiiig nearer to tne land, we purfued the dircdtionof it, fleerine N, W. by N. and between eleven and twelve uepaflcda clufterof fmall illcs, fuuated near the continent, to the itorthward of the fouthern point ofan extcnflvc bay. An arm of this bay fcemed •to reach towards the north, behind a round lofty moun- tain, that flands between it and the Tea. To this emi- .,^cnce Captain Cook gave the name of Mount Edge- cumbe ; and the point of land projcdlin^ from it, was called Cape Edgccumbe. The Cape lies in latitude 57 deg. 3 min. H. and in long. 224 dc^. E. The land, except what is contiguous to the Tea, is of conlidcrable height, abounding with hills. Mount Edgecumbc, which far out-tops all the refl, was entirely covered with fnow, as were alfo the other elevated hills t but the lower ones, anti the fpots riling near the (ca, were covered with wood. Purfuing our courfe to the north- ward, wc found the coafl to trend to the N. and N. E. for fix or feven leagues, and there formed a fpaciou^ bay. Some ifland being in the entrance of it, we gave it. (he name of the tlay of Iflands. On Sunday the third, at half an hourmft four, P. M. Mount Edgecumbe bore fouth 54 deg. E. a lame inlet, N. 50 deg. E. and the mofl advanced point of land to- wards th« N. W. lying under a very lofty mountain, which waa called Mount Fair- Wekther, bore N. 31. dec. weft. The inlet waa^named Crofa Sound, it being fim obferved on the day (b nnarked in our calendar. An eaflern promontory forttia the Ibuth-caflem point of thii Sound; this we diflinguifhed by the name .of Crofs- Cape. Under the above-mentioned peaked mountain is a poitit, which was named Cape Fair- Weather. At noon, this cape was diftant thirteen leagnes. Having a for feveral days light breezes, ve fleered S. W. and VV. S. W. till the inornine of the fourth, when we tacked, and flood towards the ftiore. At noon Mount Fair-weather bore north, 63 dcg. E. This mount is the highcfl of a chain or ridge of mountains, that rite . at the north weflern entrance of Crofs Sound, and ex- tend towards the N. W. parallel with the coan. They arc covered with fnow, from the highefl fummit ilown to the fca-coaft, except in a few places, where we could difcern trees that feemed to rife, as it were from the fca. About five o'clock, P. M. the top of a high mountain appeared above the horizon, bearing n. 2f> dcg. W. forty leagues diflant. This we fuppoled to be the mount Elias of Commodore Beering. In the courfe of the day wc obferved a brownifli duck, with a dark indigo head and neckt likewife feveral whales, porpoifes, fcals, &c. Having light winds with occa- (ional calms, we made but little way. On Wednefday the 6th, the nearcft land being diflant eight leagues, we , perceived, in a north-eaflerly dire^ion, the appearance of a bay, and an ifland, by lU fouihem point, covered with wood. This is probably the place where Beerti>g anchored': Captain Cook, therefore, in honour of the firft difcoverer, named it Beering's bays fouthward of which the ridge ofmounnins is interrupted faw a plaio of feveral leagues in extent, beyond which the fight wai unbognded. On the fevcnth, at noon, we were five leagues from the ftrore; from which ftaiion we obferved a bay under the high land, with low woodland on each fide of it. We now perceived, that the coaft trended confiderably to the wefl. On the ninth, at noon. Mount Elias bore N. 30 dec. E. diflant 19 leagues. This flands twelve leagues inland, lat. 60 deg. 27 min. N. long. 319 deg. E. Sunday, the loth, we obferved In lat. 50 deg. 51 min. and in long. 215 dcg. 56 min. being only three leagues diflant from the coaft of the contineat, which exttnded from E. half N. toN. W. half W. u fiir uthe eye could reach. To the weftward of the latter ilr teition we faw an ifland, diflant fix leagues. Ap^>^ which the Commodore named Cape Suckling^ ^eua towards the north-eaftern end of the Iflind: Within this cape ftands a hill of confiderable helgpt, omM nom f 1 S VI I r S IN r covened 5? d«g- nlf three ^ i V) •I p 1^ J > I 2 f 1 It I t l\ : r } i\ 1 r ■fi i •r ri 3 '^ I 3-1 ' ''fi I-' I 1 i 4'^'i ii' w m I m COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. j45 from the Tecond range of mountaini by low land ; lb that the cape, at a diftance, has the appearance of an ifland. A l»y is featcd on the north fide of Cape Suckling, feeminglyextenfive, and flicltercd from moft winds. Before ni^t, we had approached near enough the cape to fee fome low land projcdting from it to the N. W. we alfo obferved feme fmall illands in the bay, and feveral elevated rocks between the cape and the northacaftern extremity of the ifland. Early the next morning the wind ftiifted from N. E. to N. which being againfi us, the Commodore relinquiflied his dcfign of coing into the bay, and bore up for the weft end of the ifland. Having a calm about ten o'clock, we embarked in a boat, and landed on the ifland, with a view of fee- ing what lay on the other fide; but finding the hills to be at a greater diflance than was cxpedlcd, we laid alide that intention. On a fmall eminence near the fliorc, the captain left, at the foot of a tree, a bottle contain- ing a paper, on which the names of our fliips, and the date of our difcovcry were defcribed : he inclofcd alfo two lilver twopenny pieces of Enelifli coin, which, with many others, had been fumiflied nim by Dr. Kaye, now dean of Lincoln; and in teftimony of his ettcem for that gentleman, Captain Cook called the ifland Kaye's Ifland. It does not exceed 36 miles in length, and its breadth is not above four miles in any part. The S. W. point is a naked rock, elevated conlidcrably. Its lat. is 59 deg. 49 min. north, long. 216 dcg. 58 min. cafl. Towards the fea, the ifland terminates in bare floping cliff's, with a beach conflfling of large pebbles, inter- mixed in fome places with a clayey (and. Some parts of the-fhorc are interrupted by fmall valleys and gullies, in each of which a rivulet or torrent ruflics down with a conliderable degree of impetuofitv; lafliiiij perhaps no longer than the whole of the fnow isdilTolved. The valleys are filled with pine-trees ; and thcfc, indeed, abound in other parts' of the ifland, which is covered as it were with a broad girdle of wood. The trees, how- ever, are far from being of an extraordinary growth : on which account, they would be of no great fcrvice for ihipping, except as materials for making top-^ailant- malh, and other fmall things. Neither Canadian, nor Cyprcfs pines, are to be fccn among them, but we faw fome currant, and hawbcrry bulhcs, a yellow flowered violet, and the leaves of other plants not yet in flower. A crow was fcen flying about the wood : two or three white-headed eagles, like thofe of Nooitka, were alfo obferved ; befidcs another fpecies, equally large, which has a whi : ; breaft. In our paflage from the uiip to the Ihore, we fav/ a number of fowls fitting on the water, or flying about; the principal of which were gulls, burres, fliags, ducks, or large petrels, divers, and Cjuebrantahuefl'es. There was alfo a fmgle bird flying abotit, apparently of the gull kind, whofe colour was a fnowy white, with fome black along part of the upper fides of its wings. We faw one fox near a wood ; alfo two or three fmall feals were feen on the fhore; but not any traces of inhabitants could be found. In the afternoon Captain Cook, with thofe who ac- companied him, returned on board; after which wc fct fail, and, with a light breeze from the eafl, wc ftccrtd for the fouth-weft fide of the ifland, which we got round by eight o'clock' in the evening; we flood for the wefternmoft land, now in fight. At the north-eafl end of Kaye's Ifland ftands another, extending N. W. and S. E. about nine miles, to within the fame diflancc t)f the north- weftem boundary, to which the name of Con^tioller'a Bay was given. The next morning, be- ing Tucfday the nth, Kaye's Ifland was ftill in fight, bearing E. by S. At noon, when in lat. 61 deg. 1 1 min. the caftem point of a fpacious inlet bore weft-north- wc(V, three leagues difiant. From Comptroller's Bay to this point, which the Commodore named Cape Hinchinbrook, th« dircdion of the coaft is nearly E* and W. Beyond this it appeared to incline towards thcfouthi a dircdion very diflere*it from that marked out in the modem charts, founded on the latedifcove- rie« of the - Ruflians t infomuch, Hiat wc had fome reafon to expe<5^, that we fliould find, through the inlet before us, a paflage to the M. and that the land to - No, 67, the W. and S. W. was a group ot illands. Wc Iwd no fooner reached the inlet, than the weather became ex- ceeding foggy; it was therefore thought neceflary that the fliips Ihould be fecured during the continuance of the fog. \Vith this view we hauled clofe under Cape Hinchinbrook, and cafl anchor in eight fathoms water, at the diflance of about two furlongs from the (horc. Soon after the boats were hoiftcd out, feme to filli, and others to found. At intervals, the fog cleared away, and gave us a profpccl of the neighbouring land. The cape was one league dillantj the weftern point of the inlet five leagues; and the land on that fide extended to W. by N. Between this point and N. W. by W. we could difcern no land. The moft wefterly point we had in view on the north fliore, was at the diflance of two leagues. Betwixt this point, and the fliore under which our fliips now lay at anchor, is a bay about three leagues deep, on the fouth-eaftern fide of which are feveral coves; and in the middle are placed fome rocky iflands. To thefe Mr. Gore was difpatched in a boatj in order to fiioot fome birds. He had fcarcely reached them, when about twenty natives appeared in two large canoes; upon which he returned to the fliip, and they followed him. They were unwilling, however, to ven- ture along-fiih:, but kept at a little diltance, fliouting aloud, and clafping and extending their arms alter* nately. They then began a fong, much after the manner of King George's, or Nootka Sound. I'heir heads were ftrewed with feathers, and one of them held our a white garment, which we fuppofcd was intended as a token offiicndfliip; while . -mother, for near a quarter of an hour, flood up in the canoe, entirely naked, with his arms extended like a crofs, and motionlcfs. Their canoes were conftruifted upon a different plan from thofe of Nootka. I'he frame confilted of different laths, and- the outfidc was formed of the Ikins of foals, or other animals of a iimilar kind. Though fome of our people repeated the molt common words of the language of Nootka, they did not appear to undcriland them. Alter they had received fome prefentsthat were thrown to them, they retired towards the fliore, intimating by figns, that they would pay us another vifit the next morning. Two of them came off to us in the night, each in a fmall canoe, hopine, perhaps, they might h ive an opportunity of pilfering; tor they went away as foon as they perceived themfelves difcovered. "The wind, during the night, blew hard in fqualls, with rain, and thick hazy weather. On Wedncfday the 1 3th, at ten o'clock, A. M. the wind becoming more moderate, wc got up our anchors, and made fail, in order to fearch for fome convenient place where we might ftop the leak, as our prefent iituation was too much cxpofed for that purpofe. We at firfl' intended to have gone up the bay bctbre which our fliips had anchored] but, by the cicarnefsof the weather, we were afterwards induced to fl^cer towards the north, further up the great inlet. Having pafled the N. W. point of the above-mentioned bay, we found that the coaft, on that fide, inclined to the eaflward : we did not follow it, but proceeded on our courfe to the northward, for a point of land which wc obferved in that direction. In the afternoon, before two o'clock, the foul weather returned, with fo thick a fog, that we could difcern no other land but the point juft mentioned, ofl^ which we arrived between four and five o'clock, and found it to be a little ifland, fituate at the diflance of about two miles from the neighbouring coafl^, being a point of land oivthe eaflem lic^ of which we difcovered an excellent bay, or rather harbour: to this wc plied up, while the wind blew in very hard fqualls, accom-* rjanied with rain. In pading the ifland, we found a muddy bottom, at the depth of twenty-fix fathomlt. At length, about eight o'clock, we were obt^ed, by the violence of the iqualls, to call anchor in thirteen fathoms water, before we had proceeded fo far into the bay as the Cooimodore intended; but we thought ourfelves fonunate enough in having the fliips already fecured, for the night waa exceeding tempefluous. But, notw^thftandlngtwweathcrwas fo turbulent, the native* were n^c deterred fiom paying us a vifit. Three pf I i :<' I ^ X tham 546 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. i: 1 '! k n t: i SSSS i . » * ' • t them came off in two canoei: two of them in one, and one in the other, being the number that each canoe could carry; for they were conftruded nearly in the fame manner with thofe of the Efquimaux, except that in one of them were two holes for two pcrfons to (it in, and in the other but o'nc. The men had each a ftick, about three feet long, with the large feathers, or wings of birds, fattened to it, which they probably held up to us as tokens of peace. The treatment thefe three received, induced many others tovifitus, between one and two o'clock the following morning, in both great and fmall canoes. Some of them ventured on board the Refolution, though not before fome of our people had (lemjctl into their hims. Among thofe who came on board, was a middle-aged man, who, as we after- wards found, was a chief. His drefs was made of the (kin of the fca-otter, and he had on his head fuch a cap as is worn by the inhabitants of Nootka, embel- lilhed with (ky-blue glafs beads. Any kind of beads fcenicd t() be in high cftimation among thcfe people, who readily gave in exchange (or them whatever they had, even their fine fea-otter (kins. They coveted par- ticularly iron, but abfolutely rejedtcd fniall bits, and required pieces nine or ten inches long at Icaft, and three or four fingers broad. But they obtained little of this commodity from us, as by this time it was become rather fcarcc. The points of fome of their fpcars were of this metal; others were of copper, and a few were bone; of which laft the points of their arrows, darts, &c. «erc formed. The chief could not be prevailed upon to venture below the upper deck, nor did he and his cornpanions continue long aboard. While they l^aid H itn us, it was necclFary to watch them narrowly, as they foon manifefted an inclination (or thieving. At length, when they had been three or four hours along- fide the Refolution, they all quitted .her, and repaired to the Difcovery, which (liip none of them had before been aboard of, except one man, who came from her at this very time, and immediately returned to her, in company with the others. As foon as they had de- parted from our (hip, Ciptain Cook difpatched a boat to found the head of the bay; for, as the wind was moderate at prefent, it was intended to lay the (liip afliore, if a proper place could be found for the procefs of flopping the leak. Soon afterwards all the Americans quitted the Difcovery, and made their way towards our boat that was employed in founding. The officer who was in her, obfcrving their approach, returned to the (hip, and all the canoes followed him. The crew of the boat had no fooner repaired on board, leaving in her by way of guard two of their numbers, than fevcral of the natives (Icpped into her, fome of whom prc- fented their fpears before the two men, while others loofed the rope by which (be was faftened to the (hip. and the red were fo daring as to attempt to tow her away ; but the moment they faw we were preparing to oppofe them, they let her go, (lepped into their own boats, and made (igns, in order to perfuade us to lay down our arms, being to all appearance perfcdlly un- concerned. This attempt, thouch a very 'jold one, was fcarce equal to what they had meditated on board Captain Gierke's (liip. The man, wl.om we men- tioned before as having condudediiis countrymen from the Refolution to the Dilcovery, had firft been aboard of the latter ; where, looking down all the hatchways, and obferving no one, except the officer of the watch, and two or three more, he doubtlefs imagined that (he might be plundered with eafe, particularly as (lie was llationed at fome diftance from the Refolution. It was unquenionably with this intent, that the natives went oil to her. Several of them repaired aboard without the lca(t ceremony, and drawing their knives, made (igns to the olficcr to keep off, and began to fearch for plunder. The firll thing they laid their hands on was the rudder of one of our boats, which they immediately threw overboard to thofe of their party, who continued in the canoes. But befdrc they could (ind another objeft (hat (truck their fancy, the (hip's crew were alarmed, and many of them, armed with cutlalTcs, came upon deck. The plundercu's no [qofiet law thit, than they all Ihcakcd off into their canocij, with^ evident nurka of indifference. It was at this time that our boat was employed in founding, a* we have already men- tioned t and the natives, without delay, proceeded' to- wards her, after the difappointment the^ had met with* at the Difcovery. Their vifiring us (o early in the morning was undoubtedly with a view of plundering, on a fuppofition that they (hould find all our people adeep. We were now on the point of weighing anchor, in order to proceed further up the bay, when the wind began to blow as violently as before, and was attended with rain, infomuch that we were obliged to bear away the cable ^Kain, and lie dtt. In the evening, perceiv- ing the gale of wind did not abate, and Slinking it might be fome time before an opporttmity of getting higher up prcfented itfelf, the Commodore was deter- mined to heel the (liip in our prefent ftation; and, with that view, caufcd her to be moored with a kedgc anchor and hawfcr. One of the Tailors, in heaving the anchor out of the boar, was carried cver-board 1^ the buoy- rope, and accompanied the anchor to the bottom. In this hazardous (ituation he had prcfcncc of mind fu(fi- cient todifengagc hiiufelf, and came up to ,thc furface of the watei', w here he was immediately taken up, with a dangerous fiadure in one of his legs. On Friday the 15th, at day-break, we gave our fliip a good heel to port, in order to Hop the leak, which, on ripping off the (heathing, was found to be in the feams. While the carpenters were employed in this bu(inc(s, others of our people (illed the water-ca(ks at a ftream not far from our (lation. On the i6th, towards the evening, the weather cleared up, and we then found ourfelves encompaded with land. Our ftation was oa the cadern fide of the found, in a place didinguiflied by the appellation of Snug-corner Bay. The Captain, ac- companied by (bme of his officers, went to take a furvcy of the head of it, and they found it to be (heltered from all winds, having a muddy bottom at the depth of fevcn to three fathoms. The land near the fliorp is low, partly wooded, and partly clear: the clear ground wag covered with fnow, but very little remained in the woods. The fuinmits of the hills, in the neighbour- hood, were covered with wood ; but thofe that were at a greater diftance inland had the appearance of naked rocks, covered with fnow. Our leak being at length flopped, on the 17th, at four o'ckKk, A. M. we weighed anchor, and fleered a N. W. courfe, with a gentle breeze at E. N. £. Soon after we had made fail, the Americans vifited us again. When we had reached the north-weflern point of the arm wherein we had anchored, we obferved that the flood tide came into the inlet, by the fame channel through which wc had entered. This circumflance did not much contii- butc to the probability of a palfage to the north through the inlet, though it did not make entirely againfl it. Having pafl the point jufl mentioned, we met with much foul ground, and many funken rocks: the wind failed us, (o that, we had fome difficulty in extricating ourfelves from the danger w ith w hich wc w ere threatened t however, about two o'clock P. M. we cafl anchor under the eaflern (hore, in 13 fathoms, and four leagues diflant from our l^fl flation. I'he weather foon after cleared up, and wc had a diflind view of all the fur- rounding land, particularly towards the north, where Jt appeared to clofe. This gave us but little hope of meeting with a paffage that way; but, in order to form a right judgment. Lieutenant Gore was fent out with two armed boats to examine the nonhera arm; and, at the fame time, the matter was difp:itched with two other boats, to furvey another arm that fcemed to in- cline towards the eafl. Both returned at night. By the Matter we were informed, that the arm, to which he had been fent, communicated with that we had laft quitted, and thiit one fide of it was formed by a clutter of iflands. Mr. Gore reported, " that he had feen the entrance of an arm, whicn, he was of opinion, extended i long way to the N. E. and that probably by it a pafliige might be found." On the other hand, Mr. Robent. one of the mates, who had been fent with Mr. Gore fo (ketch out the parts they had examined, was of opinion that. they faw the head of this arm. " The diugree- ment of thcfe two opinions (obfcrves Captain Ccokjand the : that our boBt already mea- procecdcd' to- had met with* early in the f plundering, II our people ghing anchor, 'hen the wind was attended I to bear away ting, pcrcciv- d thinking it ity of gcttii^ ire was dctcr- }n; and. with kedgc anchor ng the anchor by the buoy., bottom. In jf mind fuffi- to jhc furfacc I ken up, with gave our (liip leak, which, i to be in the loyed in this itcr-calks at a 6th, towards ive then found lation was oa UnguiQied by '. Captain, ac- take a furvcy hclcered from kpth ot fcvcn [l)orp is lou', r ground was allied in the e ncighbour- ofe that were ppcarance of leak being at lock, A. M. courfe, with Kc had made ir'henwe had n wherein we d tide came gh which wc much conti'i- lorth through \y againft it. Mc met with ks: the wind -i';-!] I! ^'I!ii 1 fell ill ';! i :./;;) #*'■ M ' lllll|l!|ll Bi il !Ji!' \m !lV!:' li"' I! il!i.il.ll;J! ■11;'^' 'r:'' M i!i I'liiiii I'li! ; .1- ! t mm 'fmmi^ w I .--,»•■- I'*" t 1 ' v. L. '.. *. i f ^ -^M,* ■ '* « ' '1 ;■ ■^7^ ^' , ' 9 •1 i '1 ' ^ *. fit- '^i .^: \ I.' ■ ■, I'l K'!; c — f \J A I .i ' h; '» s; »r *?; '% >S = 'k%^' %, '/' 'i' \ . , . ** i^. ii "4 il.-t! . I.' ^' ■ \ 1 ■ 5 lilt r .p.-:|S t ail ; r n-^M 1 'bi ■> 1 , li$SE I ii:!! : :'ff| i i . COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 547 :4 tp4 ^ C Pi \f^ the circumftances of the flood-tide «ntering the found from the fouth. rendered the exiftence of a paflSige thii war very doubtful. And. aithe wind in the morn- ing had become favourable for setting out to fen, the Cnpuh lelii ut, he refdved to ipend no more time in fearching forapafTiBe in a place that promifed fo little fucceft. Belidei. ir the land on the weft fhould prove to be iflandi. agreeable to the late Ruflian Difcovcries, we could not rail of getting far enough to the north, and that in good time 1 provided we did not lofe the feafon in fearching placet, where a paflagc was not only doubtful, but improbable. We were now upward of {[lo Ijcagues wcftward of any part of Baffin's, orof Hud- on'i Bay, and whatever panage there may be, it muft be, or at lead part of it muif lie to the north of lati- tude 73 deg. Who could expcdt to find a paflage or ftrait of fuch extent?"— Notwithftanding the plaufibility in the face of this reafoning, our readers will fee, it is little more than mere conjcoure ; and might we hazard our opinion againft the judgement of lb able a navigator, %re muft confeft. that the latter it not coincident with hit ufual precifion ; nor can we think his conduA, in the above fearch, conxfponds in all particulars with his ufUal afTiduity. This is tin's bay. As to the Ruffian Difcoveries, or thofc of any other monopolizing, trading companies, they have been of little fen ce hitherto to navigation, and. with refpedl to tlieir credit, of very fmall value. It were therefore to be wifhed, that the report of fo able an officer as Mr. Gore had been more particularly attended to; for we think, if the dcHrable paflagc can be fouiid, it muft be in a lower latitude than 73 dcg. apd through Ibmc arm or ftrait. This is our own private opinion, and we do not wi(h to infringe upon the judgement of others, we wi(h this> facred privilege always to remain inviolate, with every member of civil fociety. On Monday, the 18th, about three o'clock A.M. we weighed, and made fail to the fouthward, down the _ inlet, with a light northerly breeze. We were enabled to ftiorten our run out to fca, by difcovering another palfage into this inlet, to the S. W. of that by which we entered. It is feparated from the other, by an ifland that extends 1 8 lek{;:ues in the diredlion of S. W. and N. E. to which our Comnnxlore gave the name of Montague Ifland. In this fouth-weftem channel are ieveral iflandt. Thofe fituated in the entrance next the open fca, are elevated and rocky. Thvfe that lie within are low} and as they were toully free fromfnow, they were, for this reafon. called Green Illands. At two o'clock. P. M. the wind veered to the S. W. by S. which put ut under the necefTity of plying. We firft ftretched over to within the diltance of two miles of the eaftern fhore, and tacked in 53 fathoms. When we ftood back to Montague Ifland, we difcovcred a ledge of rocks, fome under water, and others above the fur- fiice. We afterwards met with fome others towards the middle of the channel. Thffe rocks rendering it dan- gerous to ply durinethe night, we fpent it in fhinding off and on, under Montague Ifland 1 for the depth of water is fo^reat, that we could not caft anchor. The next morning, at break of day, we (leered for the chan- nel between the Green Ifland and Mdntague Ifland. which is between two and three leagues in breadth. About eight in the evening, we had a perfedl calmj when we let go our anchors at the depth of twenty-one fiithonns. over t muddv bottom, diftant about two miles from Montague Mand. After the calm had continued till ten o'clock the fucceeding morning, a flight breeze ^rung up from live north, with which we again weighed and made fail. Having got out into the open fea. by fix in the even- mg. wedifcovendthatthccoaft trended W. by S. as liir at the tyt couM retch. To tiie dace we had juft left the Conunodoivg«ve die name of Rinse William't Sound. It fteMi to MC^pgr* m lidk, one degtee and ' 4 1 1 a half of latitude, and two degrees of 7>-«ngitud«i ex- clufive of the branches or arms, with whofe extent we are unacquainted. The natives, in general, arc of a middling ftature, though many of them are under it. They are fauare, or ftrong chcfted, with ftiort, thick necks, and large broad vifages, which are, for the molt part, rather flat. The moft difproportioned part of their body appeared to be their heads, which were of grert magnitude. Their teeth were of a tolerable whitcncfs, broad, well fet, and equal in flze. Their aofes had full, round points, turned up at the tip; ami their eyes, though not fmali. were fcarccly proportioned to the largcnefs of their faces. They have black hair, flronp, ftraight, and thick. Their beards ucre, in general thin, or deficient; but the hairs growing about the lips of thofe who have them, were briftly or ttitY, and often of a brownifli colour. Some of the elderly men had Urge, thick, ftraight beards. The variety of their fea- tures it confiderable. Very few, however, can be faid to be handfome, though their countenance ufually indi- catet frankneft, vivacity, and good nature ; and yet fome of them fhewcd a referve andfullcnners in their afped. The facet of fome of the women are agreeable ; and many of them, but principally the younger ones, may eafily be diftinguiihed from the other f'cx, by the fupe- rior foftnefs of their featyres. The complexion of fome of the females, and of the children, is white, without anv mixture of red. Many of the men, whom we faw naked, had rather a fwarthy caft, which was fcarccly the cffcdl of any ftain, it not being a cuftom among them tojxiint their bodies. Both fcxcs, young and old, of this found, are all cloathed in the fame manner. Their ordinary drefs is a fort of clofc frock, or rather robe, which fometimcs reaches only to the knees, but generally down to the ancles. It has, at the upper part a hole juft fufficient to admit the head, with flecves reaching to the wrift. Thefe frocks arc compofed of the fkins of various animals, and they arc commonly worn with the hairy fide outwards. Some of the na- tives have their frocks made of the fkins of fowls, with only the down left on them, which they glue upon other fubftances. The feams, where the dift'erent fl VOYAGES COM p U E T J&. •mmmm It II i on a AifF cord, or the length of tbrcc or four ii|chc», which oive them a ridkuloui and< nrot«(^uc a|>pcar- ance. But the moft extraordinary fajhioR, adopted by fomeof the natives of both fexes, ii their having tlic under-lip cut quite through length«'if<;, rather below the (Welling part. Thi^ incifioii frequently excecome(fufficiently largetoadmit the tongue through. When a perfon With hit under- lip thus flit, was firft fcen bv one of our (ailors, he im« mediately exclaimed, that the man had two mouths t which, indeed, it grtatly refembles. They fix in this artificial mouth, a flat, narrow Und of ornament, made principally out of a folid (hell or bone, cut into fmall narrow pieces, like teeth, almoft down to the bafe, or thick part, which has, at each end, a projedling bit, that fcrves to fupport it when put into the divided lip* the cut part then appearing outwardi. Some pf them only perforate the lower-lip into feparatc holes i on which occafion the ornament coaflAs of the fame num- ber of diftindt flielly (luds, the points of which arc thruft through thefc holes, and their heads appear within the lip, not unlike another row of teeth under their natural ones. Such arc the native ornaments of thefc people: but we obfcrvcd among them many beads of European manufadlure, chiefly of a pale blue co- lour, which are hung in their ears, or about their caps, or are joined to their lip ornantKnts, which have a little hole drilled in each of the points to which they are faf- tened, and others to them, till they fomotimes hang even as low as the point of the chin. In this laft cafe, how- ever, they cannot remove them with fuch facility; for, with refpe^ to their own lip>ornaments, they can take them out with their tongues at plcafurc. They like- wife wear bracelets of b^ds made of a Ihclly fubflance refembling amber, and of a cylindrical form. They are, in general, fo fond of ornaments of fome kind or other, tratthey fix a variety ef things in their perfo- rated lip: one of them appeared with two of our iron nails projeding like prongs from it; and another man attempted to put a large brafs button into it. The men often paint their faces of a black colour, and of a bright red, and fometinKS of a blueifh or leaden hue. but not in any regular figure. The women pundlure or (lain the chin with black, that comes to a point in each of their checks; a cuftom fimilar to which is in vcgue, as we have been informed, among the Greenland fe- males. Upon the whole, we have not in any country fcen favages, who take more pains than thefe do to dif- figure their perfbns with imaginary ornaments. They have two fbru of canoes; the one large and open, the other fmall and covered. They diner no otherwifc from the great boats in Greenland, than in the form of the head and ftem, particularly of the fmr- mer, which fomewhat refembles a whale's head. The framing conlifls of flender pieces of wood j and the ouu fide is comnofed of the fkins of fcals, or other fea ani- malfi, ftreic^ over the wood. Their fmall canoes arc conliruAed nearly of the fame fivm and materials with .•hofe of the Esquimaux. Some of theie cany two |.wcd by mouthfuis. Their muner of eating is 4ecflM and cleanly, loir they conflantly took care to re- iboire any dirt that:.might- adhere to their iaqdi ami, though tney would fomAimcs eat the raw fitt pf a fe| aoinMl,yet, they did not fail roeut4t carefully into Biouthfuls. To aU appearance, their perfons were al- ways free from fllthi and their jutop^fila, io general) wera kept in. exceltent.ovdcr, Of Mrp.yUa their Ip^t^ ThitUnsuagr ^^i/kfmk^fmifA Oil^ult ito be t ' t^dcrAoodj COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, ficc. 549 «lttn tiif iiw of Uf :nuli, they •I woodca hick. u4 ingneaflf rcrc romei> IOC unlike but flifll* wood, or tei neatly number of I their ex* ill red fea* contained inall :ord, lary ingc* 1 wood of )ck>fcly ^» r of little wood, or f fur, and :d on their :f<; were ia* applied tp nttrumenti il pieces of , by which :r of dried aken, pro- c of a rat. te for the uncer^ih s, if amct of e obferved newhat re* nds in thq ity of iron erg (li^ielit. Hi handles, alfo knives, (hapcd, in {c towards (kin, hung be or frock. :apons, and It purpofes*- f tncv were • I and theip k on their iteft ninw- the whole, ive< of thi» intry ahnoft :oinparative it appean, I, in all ina^ jotins with reat PacUip thcrroallcd, >me of the icc of bear'* kroot,eithci ionne of our lance, which bark.Thcif :hctr canoes, >vhich they of eating is k care to re- r food: and^ iktpf a feai ueAilly into bns were aU Kaeral) wer^ iffifultitobf l^derftoodi lindcrftood: this, perhapi, was not owing to any confu. flon, or indiftindlnefs in their ibumk, but to the various fignifications whwh their words bear : forthey frequently made ufe of the fame word on diticrent occafionit though, probably. If we cogld have had a longer inter- cour^ with them, this might have proved a millake on pur part. Antoog the few words and phrafm the inge- )iious Mr. Anderlon waa enabled .to procure, wc have fcleded the following: Ahleu _ . - yf S^ar Amilhtoo ~ - A Piece of white bear's jhin Kcelafluik • . - (#«// if "which they make jackett Natooneftiuk Vbt Skintf a ft^-tttrr Lukluk ~ - ' A BrvwnJbagji^Jkiii Namuk . . An OrnanttM Jor the ear Aa • • • • 7 . • - Three Qiukelo - . - FoHT Koeheene . - - Fhif Takulai . ^ . Si:( Keichillho - - Seven Klu or Kliew - - Eight PlIltASCt. Yaut - - - " til n: or, /ball I go f Whaehai - - ~ Shall I keep it? Do you give it me f Tawuk - - - Keep it Wcona or Veena - Stranger {calling to one) Ooonaka I ^'^^ •''*' ''"^'"^ ■^'"^ '^" '^ ^I'lg' ^joonaiu " * I lomef Keeta - - - - Give mefmelbingf Naema « - - Give mefomtthing in exchange f Akaihou - * *. fVhat's the name of that f With regard to the numerals, Mr. Andcrlbn obfcrvcs, that me words correfponding to ours, after pafling three, are tan cettain. Out knowlcdgo of the animals of this part of Ame- rica, is entirely derived from the (kins that were brought by the natives for fale. Thcfc were princijpally ot bears i common, and pine martins ( fea^tters,. ieals, ra- coon*, fnrnil ermines, foxes, and the whiti(h cat or lynx. Among theft various (kins, the moft common are thofe of racoons, maitins, and fea>otteni which for^ti the or- dinary drds.of thcle people t but the fkins of the. mar- tins which were in general of a far lighter brown than thofe of Nootka, were greatly fuperior to them in point «f finenefsi whereas thofe of the Ica-ottcrs, which, as well as the martins, were much more plentiful here than at Nootka, fecmedtobc confiderably inferior in the thicknefs and fincncfs of their for, though they far ex- ceeded them with refpeA to fizet and were, forthcmoA en, of the glofly black fort. The (kins of fealsi and ars, were alfo very common t the former were, in ge. neralj white; and many of the bears, here, were of a tiark brown hue. Be(ulcs thefe animals, there is the white bear, of whofe (kins the natives broueht fcveral pieces, and foihe complete (kins of cubs. Here is alfo the wolverene, or qtiictchatch, whofe (kin has very bright colours; and a larger fpccies of ermine than the com- mon one, varied with brown, and fcarccly any black on its tail. The (kin of the head of fome very large ani- mal was brought to us, but we could not decide pofi- tively what It was; though from the colour, and (hagginc(s of the hair, and its not refembling any landanimal, w^e Conje&urcd, that it might be that of the maleurfine-feal, or fca«bcar. But one of the moft beautifol fkins that fell under our confidcratinn, is that of a fmall animal near a foot in length, of a brown co- lour on the back, with a number of obfcure whitilh fpecks, the fides being of a bluei(k afli colour, with a few of thofe fpecks. The tail is about a third part of the length ot the body, and is covered with whitiflt hair. This animal is doubtlefs the £ime with that which is called by Mr. Stathlin,. in his account of the New Northern ArcHipelago^ the (botted fidd-moufe: but whether it is really of the moule kind, or a fquir- No. 67. rcl, wc could not learn, nor determine,
    iace, dcmonftrates the abundance of the various animals we have mentioned ; yet, it is fumcwhat remarkiiblc, that we neither met with the (kins of the inoofc, nor of the common fpc(;ics of deer. Ah to the bird* we found the halcyon, or great king-hfher, having line blight colours; the (lug; the white headed eagle; ami the humming bird, which often tlcw about our (hips, while wc lay at anchor; thou)jh it cannot be fuppofed to live here, during the winter, *hich muft be extremely fcvere. The water-fowl fcen by us were black fea- pirs, with red bills, fuch as we met with at Van Diemcn's Lnnd. Some of our people brought down a fnipe, a grotlfe, and fome plovers : but rtotwithftanding the wa- ter.fowl were numerous, particularly the geefe and ducks, they were fo (by, that it was a difficult matter to get within (hot; in confeqUence of which, we pro- cured a very inconftderabic fupply of them as rcfrefh- ments. The duck ii about the fize of our common wild one) of a deep black, with red feet, and a fliorc painted tail. Its bill is white, tinged towards the point with red. and has a large black foot, almod fquare, near its bafe.on each (i;le, where it isaifofomewhatdiftended. On the forehead is a large triangular white fpot ; and on the hinder part of the neck is one ftill laiger. The co- lours of the female are much lefs vivia than thofe of the male; and (lie has noneof the ornaments of the bill» excepting thofe of the two black fpots, which are ra« ther oblcure. We obferved a fpccies of the diver, which feems peculiar to this place. In (ize, it is equal to a partridge, and has a (hort. black, comprelTed bill. Its head, and the upper part of iu neck, are of a brownilb black; and the remainder of its body is of a deep brown, waved obfcurely with black, except the under part, which is totally of a blackilh caft, minutely varied with white. We found alfo a fmall land bird, « the fmcb kind, about tire bignefs of a yellow-hammer; but we imagined it to be one of thole Which change their colours with the feafon, and with their diflferent migrations. It was, at this time, of a du(ky brown with a reddifh tail ; and the fuppofed male had, on the crown of the head, a large yellow fpot, with fome var ricd black on the upper part of its neck; but the laner was on the breall of the female. With refpeift to the (Ub, what the natives brought to us for fale, were torfk aind halibut. We caught fome fculpinsaboutthe(hip;and(tar-iiKhof a purpliih hue, that had (ixteen or elKhteea rays. The rocks were al- mod deftltutc of (hclUfifh, and the Only one of this tribe that felt under our notice, was a rcddi(h crab, covered with, large fpines. Wc obferved few vegetables of any kind, and the trees that chiefly grew about this founidj^ were the Canadian, and fpruce pine, fome of which were of a cr>nl:derabte (ize. The metals wie faw thefe people p'jilefled of, were iron andcopper; both which, but particularly the former, Were in fiieh abundance, that their lances and artloWs were pointed with them. The ores which they ufed to paint themfelves with» were a brittle, unfluoua red ochre or iron ore ; a pig. ment of a bright blue ; and black lead : but each of thcfc articles feemed to be ycty fcarce anKMij^ themu Thefe people muft, certainly, have received hvm fame more civilized nation, the beads and iron found among them. We were, doubtlefs, the firlt Europeans, with whom they ever had a dirc^ communication; and it remains only to be determined, from what quarter they had pro- cured our manufadhiros. And it is more than proba« ble. that they had«Obtaincd thefe articles, through the intervention of the mOre inland tribes, cither from the fottlements aboi.c Hudfon's Bay,; Or tbofe on the lakes of Canada,; unlefs we can admit the fuppolition. that the Rtiinans, from Ibimtfchatka, have already extended their traffic tothisdittaaoc; or that the natives of their moft caflerly ¥ox Ifluada cirry on an intercourfit along the coaft, witlh the inhabitants of Prince William's Sound. As to ^ppcr >hcfe people, perhaps,, procure it 6 Z themfelves, * ' • 550 Capt. C O O K'f VOYAGES COMPLETE'. I' M I ■ ■i. • r V i> t' m IIP (hcmrdves, or, at moft. it pafles ta thrm thttnigh very te^ hahds i for when they ortcrcd any ot it by way of barter, they ufcd to ex(>n:u itt being in fiifficicnt plenty among them, by pointing to thrir wcapanit as iV they would intimate, that, having fo much copper of their own, they had no occafion to incm^ their Inxk. How* ever, if the natives of this inlet are fiimiihed with Euro|)ean commodities by means of the intermediate traflic to the caftcrn coaft. it is remarkable, that they ihould never, in return, have fupplied the mere inland Indians with fomcgf their fea-otrcr (kins, which would undoubtedly have appcarctl, at one rime or other, in the environs of Hudinn's Hay. But that does not ap- pear to be the cafci and the only nKthod by which we can account for this, mud be by conlidering the very };rcat didancci which, though it might not prevent European articles of commerce from coming fo far, as being fo uncommon, might hinder the (kins, which are common, from pITing through more than two or three tribes, who might make ule of them for their own cloathing, and fend others, which they reckoned of in- ferior value as being of their own animals to the eaft, till Hhey reached the traders at the European fettlements. On Weditcfday the 30th of May, having took our dcpaiture from Prince William's Sound, we directed our cburifc to the S. W. with a gentle breeze. This was fucceeded by a calm, a' four o clock, the next morning, which was loon followed by a breeze from the S. W. This veering to the N. W, we continued to ftretch to S. W. and paiTcd a lofty promontory, in the latitude of 59 deg. lomin.iong. 207 deg. 45 min. It having beendiU 1 covered on Princefs Kuiabcth's birth-day. Captain Cook nve it the name of Cape Elizabeth. As we we could fee no land beyond it, we flattered ourfelves, that it was the weftern extrcmen^ of the continent: but frefh land foon appearing in fignt, bearing W. S. W. convinced us of our midake. Tne wind had increafed to a ftrong gale, and forced us to a confiderable dif- tance from the coaft: but, on the 2 and, P. M. the gale abated, and we Rood for Cape Elizabeth. On Saturday the 33d, at noon. Cape Elizabeth bore W. diftant 10 leagues ; at which time, new land was feen, bearing S. W. which, it was imagined, conneded Cape Elizabeth with the land we had feen towardi the weft. We ftood to the fouthward tiH the next day, at noon, when we were three leagues from the coaft, which we had feen on the 32nd. More land'was difcovered, extending to the fouthward, whereon was feen a ridge of mounuins, whofe fummits were covered with fnow. This point of land lies in Jatitude 58 deg. i j min. Itt longitude is 307 doe. 43 min. Ai^d fay what the Commodore could gather n-om Beering's voyage and chart, he fuppofed it to be, what he Called Cape St. Hermogcnca. But the account of that vc^ase, as well as the chart, is fo extremely inac- curate, that it is almoft impoflible to difcover any one place, which the navigator either faw or touched at: In the chartafpace is pointed out, where Beering it fuppofed to have feen no land. This fovoured Mr. Stxhiin's account, who makes Cape St. Hermogenes, and the land difcovered by Beeringto theS W. of it, to be a clufter of iflandt, and that St. Hermogenes is one of thofe that are deltitute of wood. This appeared to be conlirmed by what we now faw; and we entertained the pleaQne hopes of finding here a Da(ragc northward, withoutbemgobligedtoproceedanynirthertotheS. W. We were detained byr light airs and calms off the Cape, till two o'clock, A. M. of the 35th, when a breeze fpringins up, we fteered aio''^ the coa(\, and perceived tnatthe land of CapeSt. Hermogenes was an ifland, about fix leagues in cilcumtirrence, feparatcd from the coaft by a channel, one league in breadth. Some rocks are to be feen above water to the north of this ifland ; and on the N. E. fide of the rocks, we had firom 30 to 70 fathomt water. At noon St. Hermogenes bore S. E. dittant 8 leagues; the land to the N. W. extending from S. half W. to near W. In this lad diredtion, it ended In a low poiiit, named Point Banks. Th< (hip was, at this time, in latitude 5 8 deg. 41 min. longitude 207 deg< 44 min. In thit (btion the land was in fight, bearing N. W. which,-it was thought connedied Gipc - J Mizabiih w ith this S. W. land. Wluii wv appmathed it, we obfcrvi'd it was an unconnrded crobpi ot higii iflandt and nxk^i and from the nakrdndt of their appearance, the Captain named rhrin the Uarrrn Iflri ; they are (ituated in latitude 59 deg. three iMuutudillant from Cape IJizabcth, and five from Point Bunks. It wu our intention to have ]wii'rd throiH|;li «iic ot the channels by which thcfc tllamis arc (iividudi but a flrong current letting againil us, \tc uoiu tt> leeward of them all. The weather, which htA been thick ami hazy, cleared up towards the cvetiiiH;, when uc per* ccivcd n very loftv promontory, whole 5i miii. the low land extended from N. E. to S. E. the ncareft part diftant two leagues ; and the land on the weftem fliore about, fcven leagues A ftrong tide fet to the fouthward, out of the inlet; it was the ebb, and ran almoft four knots in an hour. At ten o'clock it was low water. Though the water had become thick, and refembled that in rivers, we were encouraged to proceed, by finding it as fait as in the ocean, even at low water. Three knots wat the ftrength of the flood tide; and the ftream continued to tun up till four in the afternoon. At eight o'clock in the evening we ftood up the inlet, to the notch. Soon after the wind veered :o this quarter, and blew in fqualls, at« tended with rain; but thit did not hinder us from ply- ing up while the flood continued, which wu till the next morning at near five o'clock, when we anchored 4 . . abwwt COOK^i THIRD Md LAST VoVAGE— To the PAaFlO OCEAN, &c. ^?i •bout two leagUM from the e«ftcm Omrci and ogr la- titude w«» 60 deg, 8 min. Some low Und, which we fuppofcd to be >n in«nd, lay under the weftern Ihore, diftim between three and four leagues. The we»*«r cleliringup. a ridge of frtountaini appeared j and two column! of fmoke were vifWe on the eallcm llwre. At one o'clock A. M. we weigbed, ami plied up under double reefed top-faili, having a rtroiig gale at N. E. On Saturday the 30th, the gale having much abated, we plied up from tw6 o'clock A. M. till near feven, and then anchored under the fhore to the caWward, in 19 fathoma water. At noon two canoe*, with a man in each, came oflT to the rtiip. nearly from ihat part where we had fcen the fmoke the day before. Thev refem- bled ftrongly thofe we had fecn in Prince William'* Sound, both in dref* ami perfon: their canoe* were alfo conftruiftcd in the fame manner 1 and one of ihem had a large beatd, and « countenance like 'the common fort of people in the Souml. When thilrtbod made, we weighed, flood over to the weftcrri (hrt-e. and fetched untfcr a Muff jxiint to the N. W. Thi*. with the point on tht oppcnite fliorc, contrak'ted the breadth of the channel to about four leagues, through which a pro- digtotia tide ran. It had a terrible appeartiHee, knd we were igfiorant whether the water wa« thoi tgiuted by the ftktam, or by {he diflung of the Wave* ilgalrtft fanda Orroek*. We kept the wHtern ftarc aboard, thatap-' pcaring to be the fafcft. In the evening, about eight o'clock, we anchored under a pttint ofland, bcarmg N. lidiOant about three league*, and lay there during the ebb. Till we Wrtved at tWa Oation, the water re- tained an equal degree of ftltnef*, both at high and low water, and wa* as ftit as that which i« in the ocean; but now the Appearances of a river evidently difplayed themfelve*. 'rhe water, taken up at thi* ebb, was much frelher than any we had taftedj whence wc con- cluded that we were iii a large river, and nut in a ftreit, wh'-' had a communication with the northern fea»: but, having proceeded thus far. Captain Cook was an- xious to have ftronger proof* 1 therefore^ on the thirty- firn, in the nioming, we weighed w ith the Hood, and drove up with the tide, having but little wind. Near eight o'clock, many of the natives, in one large canoe, and feveral fmall ones, paid us k vifit. I'hc latter had «niy one perfon oti board each ; but the larger ones con^ taihed meni womea,' and children. We Bartered with ihem for (bme of their fiir drcfles, made of the flcina of animals, ■paiticularly> thofe of fea-otters, itiartina, and hares, alio falnum, halibut, and a few of their darts; for which, in return, wc cave them okl clothes, beads, ■rtd pieces of iton. TheK lail they call goone 1 but, in |{eneral( their hiliguage is nearly the fame as chat ufed in PtiMie WiHiatn's^ Sound. At nine o'clock, 'we an.1. ehorcd in filiteen fcthonu water, almoft two leagues lirom the weftcm ihore, the ebb being already began. It ran but three knou an htnir at its greatell ftrength, and fell, after wc had anchored, twenty-one feet upon a peff>endicuiar. In order to determine thc' diretfiion, Mid other particulars refpeding the inlet, Captain Cbok diibatched tw«» b&tts, and when the flood tide made, followicd them with the two fliipst butj after driving: about ten miiea, we anchored, having a dead calm .ind ftrong tide againft us. At the low^ of the ebb, the wator at and near the furface, was perfedlly frefli, thou^ MCaining « tonftderable degree of faltnefsv if taken above af foM Mow it. Belides this, we had fither con- vineirtg proofa of iu being a river, fuch as thick muddy water, low (boffeak trees, and rubbifli of various kinda, floating bttckward and forward' with the tide. In the aflcrnoonwe received another vifit from thenatives^ who bartered largely with our petiple, without fo much as attempting one difhoneft adion. On Monday the ift of June, at two o'clock, A. M. the mailer, who comnnanded the two boats, returned^ informing ua that he found the inlet or river contnufled to one league in breadth, and that it took a northerly courfe through k>w land on each fide. He advanced about three leagues through this lurrow port, which he found frotn 30 to 1 7 fitthomtdeep. While the (Ireain fan down the water was perfcAly Ireib, but it become hrackith when it i«n up, and n»re fo ntnr high wata- Three leagues to the northward of this fcarch, ihc maltcr diktovered another feparation in tie eaftcrn chain of nMNiittains, ihrouch which he fuppofcd it pro- , ; bnble, the rim ran io a Hredtien N. E. but thu mU ' ihoughi by the captain t* be only another branch, and 1 that the maikv channel coQtinuad in a northern direction between the two chains of mountains. The plcaiing hopes of finding a paSige were no longer cntt rtaincd 1 I but as the ebb was fpmtk we took the ailvaiunRC     iac BafTeffion. iOnMr. King's return we were informed, that after he hadilanded he faw feveral of the nativcl with their ' armi extended, an attitude, he fuppofed, nieant toinniify their pcacetbledifpofition, and to coiv vince hint mat they vrere without weapons. Qbictv ing his attendann were armed with mulqucu, thcv w«re alarmed, and requcfted, by exprelRve figns, tnat he would I. S5* Ctpt. O QOK'i III V O Y A O K S C (> M, P ^ ^. T E. L' ■■•? ^. 4H If). V iff '■■I' :i :ri It I MOtild by them down. Thh wu imiMilwiely complied with, and then Mr. Kina Mftd hi* party were penuiticd in walk up lo then. 'iMy now ajpfBtrtd to be very Iboiable and chearM). Mr. {Mm, tunfim of ihc IM. covery, being one dt'iliie p«Ay» pircnaUn dog, and tikinu it toward* the bcMi, bwnmiMtly >* g^'^^nd coniiderably longer. They had like'Tlfe more embroidered work on their garment*, quivers, knife-cafes, and other articles. At half paft ten we wciched, and plied down the river with a gentle breeze at Uxithsi when, by the inattention of the man at the lead, our (hip flruck upon a bank, nearly in the middle of the river. It it pretty certain that thit bank occaCioned that ftrong agitation of the ftream, with which we were fo much furprized when turniiw up the river. We had twelve fact of water about the (nip, at the loweft of the ebb, but the bank wat dry in other pArtt. When our (hip came aground Captain Cook iriade a fignal for the Difcovery to anchor. We were afterwardi inibrmed that (lie had been almoft a(hore on the wed (ide of the bank. About five o'clock in the afternoon, aa the Hood tide came in, the (hip tioated off without fuftaining any cLimage, or occ-^fioning the lead trouble. We then (tood over to the weft (hore, where we aiKhored, in deep water, to wait for the ebb, the wind being (till unfavourable to ua. At ten o'clock at night we weighed with the ebb, and about five the next morning, the jd^ the tide being finilhed, we caA anchor on the weft (hore, abont ten milet below the bluf!' point. In this ftation we were vifitcd by many of the natives, who attended 'j« all the mominB: their company waa aighljr accepuUe to ut^ aa they brought with them a quannty of fine falman, which they ex- < hanged for feme of our trifka. Several nundtedweight of It wat procured for the two fhipa. The moimtaina now. for the lirft time after our entering the river, were free from clouds, anu we faw a volcano in one of thofe on the weftern fide. Its latitude it 60 deg. 29 min. and it IS the firft high mountain north of Mount St. AuguftitL The volcano it near the fuowoit, and on that part of the mountain next the river. Itcmiu a white fiiaoke, but no fire. The wind continuing (buy ihcfc peo|)lc ynly for tloathingthemfelvet, they, pcr- , hap*, aic ii«( at the trouWc of dfcilinumore of them,, tha* tbcy require ioi thit ^Hirpofc. Thit it. pr(4Mbl)(, the chHCl cautc uf their killing the aniiimU, fur they re-, icivc princi^Mllv their fupply o( food fiotn the Tea and, livert! hut if tncfc wcrcaciuituoic^tuaconftant trade with (orcigncn, fuv,h an iiitcrcourfc wpuld tncrca(i:ihcir^ wnnci, by acquainting thcin with iirw luxurin, to be' cnablcil to purchafc-whkh, they momIU become njorg, .idiiluoua m pfociinn^ Ikim 1 and iii thia lountrv, w ith*, out U«)ubt. a i>Uiuiful fupply uw^ht Ix obuujcd. l hw day, the ebb tide making in our lavour, wc weighed, and with a aentlc breeze at S. W. plied down the rivers ihcHogcnet extended from S< half, £1. to S. S. E. and the rockt bore 8. E. diftant three milet. About midnight we palTcd the rockt, and bore up to the (buthward t and on the 71J1 At nooii St. Hermo^nea bore N. dift: . iiaur leagues. Tbp fb^vhcrnmoii point of the main land lay N. half W. live leagues diftant. The latitude of this promontory 1*58 deg. 1 j min. and its longitude 174 deg, 14 min. It wat nair.«l after the; day in our calendar. Cape Whitfundayt and a large bay to the weft of it was called Whitfuntide Bay. At midnttrht wc Hood in (or the land, and at fcven in the. murnii)g of the eighth wc were within four milfsof it, and l( fa, than two milet from foiuc funkcn rockt, bear.^ ing W. S. W. Here we anchored in thirty-five fathoms waur. To the weft of the bay arc tome !inM ilbndt. To the fouthward the fca coaft is k>w, with projecting, rocky points, having fmall inlets between thcin. Wc were now in the latitude of ;S7dcg. $a min. ao fee. The land here (Mining a pomt, it woa nanacQ Ca^tc, Greville, in lat. j7 deg. jj min. long. ^Q^ d^. 1$ min. difbint from St. Ilermogenet it leagues. C^ tbe 9th. loth and I ith, we continued plying wp the coaft4 On Friday the 1 2ch, in the evening, the fog clear- ine up, we defcried land twelve Icaguet diftant, ocaring W. and we ftood in for it early the n^xt morning. At noon an elevated point, which wc called Cape B^^mabat* in lat. 57 deg. 13 min. bore N. N. E. diftiiU tai|,ini|et^ The point to the S. W. had an elevated ^lininil, whi terminated in two round hilla, and was iherc|br« ca)le«ft Two-headed Point. At fix in the evcoiob being atioul midway between Cape Barnabat and «'wa»headed Pbinr» a point of land wm obfccarihg oniMond»)» t)w fifteenth I at noon, and the gale and tog inciealiti^ we fterred W. N. W. under fuch fail as wc couUt haul the wiml with ; (cnfiblc of the dai^r of running bofbie a (iwMifl gale, in.tlw vicinity of an unkno«!n coaft and ina thicfc tog. ii WM hflw«yer become ti«cefl»ry l» rlui fomtf iina.ad:: *u4 ,i!jr.' • j. ■ rilk. iji« arc u(«4, i, they, pcr- rcof ihcni,, i*- protubl); , fw they re., ithcr«a«nil, mftmt trade nrrcarcihci/ urirt, to be' rcoiiic luorc luiitrv, utt^, llilCii, favour, wc (jlird down ami but the Icrfailwiiha i)(ht9'i:lock, bore S. S. K. through the K- iiain land, » account mc through that I bay, a law Some other ed al«w^ the eight in the COOKU THIRD ind LAST VOYAC;ii— To ihc I'ACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 553 ;ial .1 three inilei. l)orc up to lernioijrnM nmolt Doint (uei diflant. 1 5 niin. and :cd after the and a large IcBay. At fcven in the r milf s of it, rocki, bcar-( fiveiiithoina nail ilUndi. 1 projecting thcin. Wc nin. ao fee. MiBCQCape, leg. 15 mm. Oh tbe 9th. Cqall4 e fog clear- tn^Dcaring >rniii|[. At wB^maliM* It t«n,mikv %rm, which. e|br« called l)cing about wkdPointt 6« d(». W. *»*• so «kg» r.g, now ap- i the ftMh- perceived it nd. It lies nt from the landiflanda K, we were iKAerninoft called Cape nity Ifland. weather, we rocky iflota weathered* with a i^Ie \ig Aftecntti , we fteered ui the wimi MeaAranc; d in a thick Mttn Tome ;}i.,v rifle. rilk, when the wind wa« favourable to tm ai wr were convinced that clear weather wai gencrully ati i)m|Mnii\l with wcllerly wind*. On Tuciday, the i6ih, ar fmir oVIoik, A. M tlv fog being now dilpcrfcd, wc foumlourlilviH, in 4 iiuii- ner, furroundcd with land. The i>(irinic nl ilu- main, at N. K. wai a point of land wc had feen (hroti^h tlic f«)g, and wa« therefore named Kitj^jjy Cape. It is iituatcd in latitude ^h detr. {i nun. Alioiit nine o'clock, we difcovcrcd the land to lie an illaml, nine miica in circtnnference, in lat. 5') (Ick 10 mm. Iixig. 301 dcg. 4^ niin. we named it l'»g).;> lll.inds and we AippoTcd, from iti lituation, that it i.i the idiind on which Becring had boDoweil thr fume appellation. Three or four idandi bore N. by W. A point, with pinnacle rock* upon it, bore N. W. by W. called Pin- nacle Point I and a duller of liloti, S. S. V.. about nine Iciiguc* from the coalK On the 1 7th, nt noon, the con- tinent extended from S. W. to N. hvKi the nearcft part didant 7 leaguci : at the fame (dnancc from the continent, a group of iflandt wai fccn to the N. W. On the 1 8th we hod clear, pleafant weather, and it wai> a calm the greatcd part of the day. One of our people, on board a boat difpatchcd to the Dilcuvery, (hot a moft beautiful bird. It is fmaller than a duck, and the colour ii black, except that the fore pan of the head ia white : behind each eye, an elcpant ycilowifh-whiterrcft arifei : the bill and feet arc ot a reddifli colour. The firft of thefe birds were feen to the fouthward of Cape St. Hermo^ncs 1 after which we faw them daily, and frequently m large flocks. We were alfo vifitcd bv mou of the other fca-fo\^s, that are ufually met with In the northern oceans 1 and feldom a day pafled with- out our feeing whales, feals, and other filh of ^rcat nugnitude. In the afternoon we (leered weO, for the channel between the idands and the continent. On Fri- day, the 1 9th, at day break, we were not far from it, and perceived fcvcral other illands, w ithin thofc wc had already feen, of various dimeoftons. Between thefe iflands. and thofe we had feen before, there appeared to be a clear channel, for which we (leered 1 and, at noon our latitude was 55 Jeg. 18 min. in the narrowed Eart of the channel. Of this group of iflands, the Tged was now upon our left, and is called Kodiak, as we were afterwards informed. Other idands appeured to the fouthward, as far as an ifland could be fccn. They begin in the longitude of aoo deg. 1 5 min. ead, and extend about two decrees to the well ward. Mod of thefe iflands are tolerably high, but verry barren and rugged, exhibiting romantic appearances, and abound- ing with clifts and rocks. They have fevcral bays and cpves about them t and fome frefli-watcr dreams de- fccnd from their elevated parts, but the land is not adorned wieh a linglc tree or bnd). Plenty of fnow dill remained on many of them, as well as on thoic parts of the continent which appeared between the in- ncrmod iflands. By (bur o'clock, in the afternoon, wc had paired all the illands to the fouth of us t and foon nftcr we had got through the channel, the Difcovcry, which was two miles adern, fired three guns, ai)d brought to, making a (ignal to fpcak with us. A boat being fent off to her, returned immediately with Cap- tain Clerkc. He iiilbrmcd the cotnniodorc, that Ibme natives in three or four canoes, havirtg followed his fliip for fome time^ at lad got under the dern ; one of whom made many figns, having his cap ofl', and bowing in the European manner. A rrpe was then handed down from the (hip, to which he fadencd a thin wooden box, and after he had made fome more ecdiCulations, the canoes left the Difcovcry.- Soon alter the bax was opened, and found to contain a piece of paper, carefully folded up, whereon fome writing appeared, which >vas fuppofcd to be in the Rullian laiiguag<. . To this writing was prelixed the date of 1778, and a reference was made therein to the year 1 776. Though unable to de- cypher the alphabet of the writer, we were convinced by his numerals, that others had prc(;eded us invifiting tljfife dreary regions. At firft Captain CIcrke imagined, that fome Kuflians had been fliipwrccked here, and that fe^iqig our iliips, thefe unfortunate perfoRS were induced No, 67. Captain Cook. It fuupolld, that the taken, m order to thus 10 inform ui ofthcir fiiuation. Dcrjiiv imprclTcd witli lentnnentu ol Immamty oi\ this o ihou^ht the paper wan iiuemled til tommunitarc 1 inlimiiation, Iroiii a Kulliau tiader, who had lately viliied thele illaiuls, to Ik; deli- vend to any ol his, ountr>incn wlio lliould .irrivei and th!\t thenativej,fupp(»(ijwiu to be Uulliani, had bioiiglit oir the note. In tonkiiuenic of this opinii'ii, the Captain ordered fail to be ni.\de, and we fleered wfd- waril. At nudniHht, we beheKl ,1 vafl llame afccnd from a burning mountain, and obfervcd leveial lire* within laifd. OnSaiurd.iy, the :oth, at two o'clock A.M. fome breakers were lun, dillant two miles; others appeared a-headi on our larboard (ide they were innumerable 1 and alio between ui and the land. Wc cleared them, tiioui^h with dilliculty, by holding a fouth courfc. Thefe bieakeis were produced by rocks, many of whiih were above water: thiy arc very jiangcrous, and extend fcvcn lca^;ues from land. We got on the outlidc of thcin about mnm, when wc obfervcd in latitude 54 deg. 44 min. longitude 198 deg, Theneared land was an ele- vated hlufl' |x)int, which wc called Rock Point. It bore N. didant 8 leagues i and a high round hill, called I ialibut Head, bore S, W. didant i j leagues. On the 2 id, Halibut Ifland extended from N.by H. toN. W. Thi.i illand is. fevcn leagues in circumlercncc,anvc(l from the fliip, and at a dif- anceof three quarters of a siile, we perceived feveral natives and their habitations. . To thu place we &w two whales towed in, which we fuppofed had juft been killed. A few of the inhabitants came off, at different times, to the flups, and engaged in a little traffic with our people, but never contmued with us above a quar- ter of an hour at a time. 'They fecmed, indeed, re- markilbly fliy ; though we could readily difcover they were not unacquainted with vefl*els, fimilar, in fonw de- f'ree tc ours. Their addrefs expreflcd a degree of po- itencfs which we had never experienced among any of the favagc tribes. Being favoured, about one o'clock, P. M. with a light breeze, and the tide of flood, we weighed, and directed our courfe to the channel M mentioned ; expcrfting when we had pafl*ed through, either to find the land trend away to the northward, or that we ftould difcover a pafl^e out to fea, to the weft; and we foon found we were right in our conjedlures. After we had got under fail, the wind veered to the N. and wc were obliged to ply. In the evening, the ebb imde it neccflary tor us to anchor within three leagues of our laft flation. On Sunday, the i«th,at day-break, we got again onder Jjiil, and were wafted up the paflage by a light breeze ar fouth I this was fuccceded by variable light airs from all cliretfiions. We had, however, a rapid tide in oar tlivour, and the Refolution got through beforesthe ebb made. The Difcovery was not equally fortunate, for fbc waa carried back, got into the race, and found a difliculty in getting clear of it. Being now through the channel, we obferved the land on one fide, trending W. and S. W. and that on the other fide to N. Th» encouraged us to' hope that the continent had uken • new diredion in our fiivour. Finding our water ran flwrt, and expedii^ to be driven about in a rapid tide, without wind fufficient to govern the fliip, wc hood for a harbour on the fouth fide of the pcflitge, but were driven beyond it; and, that ve ihignt not be forced back through the paflage, anchored near the fouthem Oiorc, in 2 8 fathoms, and out of the reach of the ftrong tide, though even here it ran five knots an hour. In thi* ftati day the sd of July, in this harbour. It it called bf the natives Samnnoodha, and it fituated on the north fide of the ifland of Oonalaflika, in lat. (3 dee. (5 min. long. 1 93 deg. 30. min. and in the ftraifwhich fepantes thit ifland fiom thofe to the north. It it about a mile broad at the entrance, and runt in about four mUet S. by W. It narrows towardt the head, the breadth there nof exceeding a quarter of a mile. Plenty of good water may hf procured her^ but not a ftick of wood of any kind. .... On Thuifdar. the ad of July, we fteewd from the harbour of San^noedha, having a gende brcese ac S. S. E. to the northward, and met with nothing OXO- ftruei our courfe: for on the one fide the Ifle of Oona- laflika (raided S. W. and on the other, no land wat t» be feen in a diredUon more northerly than N. E. all ' which land wat a continuation of the famegroapof. iflandt that wa had fallen in with, on the tm *[^ preceding month. That which it fituated before Sam. ganoodha, and conftitutos the nortb-eaAemfideaf the pwsfe, ^ 3 milk 'M .M 1 1' r\\ 4 A f r 11 .n ;. ,; I '"•'•' — cook's third and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACifIC OCEAN, &c. pSn paflagct through which we came, is called Oonclia ; and its circumference is ai miles. Another ifland, lying to the northward of it, bears the name of Acootan : it is much fuperior in fize to Oonella, and has in it fome very lofty mountains, at this time covered with fnow. It appeared that we might have paflcd with great fafcty between thefe two iflands and the continent, whole fouth-weQem point opened off the north-eadem point of A«ootan, and proved to be the fame point of land that we had difcemed when we left the coaftof thecon- tinent, the 25th of June, in order to go without the iflands. It is called by the natives Ooncmack i and is fituated in lat. 54 dog. 30 min. long. 192 deg. 30 min. E. Over the Cape, which is high land, we perceived a round elevated mountain, at prcfent covered with fnow. At fix o'clock A. M. this mountain bore E. i deg. N. and two hours afterwards not any land was to be fcen. Concluding, therefore, that the coaft of the continent had now inclined to the north-eaftward, we fleered the fame courfe till one o'clock the following morning, when the watch ftationed on deck gave inti- mation of their feeing land. Upon this we wore, and for the fpace of about two hours flood towards the S. W. after which we renewed our courfe to the E. N. E. At fix we difcovered land a-head, bearing S. E. diflant five leagues. As we advanced we difcovered a conneded chain of land. At noon we perceived that it extended . from S. S. W. to E. the part nearefl to us being at the diflanceof five leagues. We now obferved in lat. 55 deg. 21 min. long. 195 deg. 1 8 min. E. At fix o'clock A. M. we founded, and found a bottom of black fand, at the depth of 48 fathoms. At this time we were four leagues from the land, and its eaftern part in fight was in the diredlion of E. S. E. to appearance an «evated round hummock. On Saturday the 4th, at eight o'clock, A. M. we (aw the coaft from S. S. W. and E.by S. and at intervals we could difcem high land behind it, covered with fnow. Soon after we hada calm, when all hands were employed in fifhing; and as our people were now put on two thirds allowance, what each catched he might eat or fell. For- tunate for them, they caught fome tons of fine fifh, which proved a moft feafonable fupply; for the (hip provifioiis, what with fait and maggots eating into the beef and pork, and the rata and the weavils devouring the heart of the bread, the one was little better than pu- trid flefh, and the other, upon breaking, would crumble into dufl. Among the fifh we caught with hook and line, were a great number of excellent cod. At noon we had an eafterly breeze and dear weather, when we were about f:x leiurues from the land, which extended from S. l?y W. to E. by. S. and the hummock, feen the preceding evenine, bore S. W. by S. nine leagues di&ant. A great hollow fwell convinced us. that there .was no main land wefiward near us. At fix o'clock, E. M. we fleered a northerly courfe, when the wind veering to the S. E. enabled us to fleer E. N. E. The coaft lay in this dire»t: founded in twenty fiithonis. Round IflUnd at this t^uie bore N,. S deg. E. and the wefteqi eixirome of the i;oa(l N. 1 6 deg. W. It h an elevated point, and hav- i/ig calm weatjver vhile we vef« pff it, for this rcafon it.was naiiied (CalmPoint. Qn the imk and i jth< hav- ing little wind,- we advanced but (lowly. At times a a very thjck fog came on. Our foundings were from, tj-vcnty-fix to fourteen fathoms, AVc had pretty good liiccc/s in (idling, fpr we caught plenty of cw andlome tiat Hfll. o r -» ^ ;• On Thurfuay the 1 6th, at five o'clock A.M. the (bg vfor'ng up. we found ourfelvcs nearer the (horc tjian we fxpcdcd. Calm Point bore N. 7a deg. E. and a point about eight leagues from it, in a wcfterly diredion. bore N. J deg. E. only three miles diftant. Bctweenthcfe two points tne coaft forma a bay, in fcvcral parts of which the land could fcarccly be feen from the mad.head. Another bay. is on the north.weftem fide of the laft- rocntioncd point, betMreen it and a high promontory, which now bore N. 36 deg. W. at the diftance of fix- tccn miles. About nine o'clock the Commodore dif- patched Lieutenant Wiliiamfoni to this promontotjri with orders to go afliore and obferve what dircftion riie coaft took beyond it, tind what might be the pro- duce of the country; which, when viewed^ from the (mps, had but a fterile appearance. We here found the flood-tide r»*tting ftrongly towards the N. W. along the coall. At noon it was high water, and we cdft anctor at the diftance of twelve miles from the (bore, in twcn«y- four fathoms. About live in the afternoon, the tide • beginning to make m our favour, we weighed, and, drove with it, there being no wind. When Mr. WiU' lianifon returned, he reported that he had landed on the point, and having afcended the moft elevated hill, found that the moft diftant part of the coaft in (jght w;as nearly id a northerly diredlion. He took poltcf- fion of the Country in the name of his BHtannic Ma-' jefty, and left on the hill a bottle containing a paper, on which the names of our ftiips aiid of their comi- njanders, and the date of the diJcoVcry, were infcribed. The promontory, which he named Cape Ncwenham, is. a rocky point, of confiderable height, and is feated in latitude 58 deg. 42 min. and in Idngitude 197 deg- 36 inin. E. Over, or within it, two lofty hills arilc one behind another, of which the ' innermoft, ot- caftcinmoft, is the higheft. The country, as far as Mr. Williamfon could difcern, produces not a finglc tree or (hrub. The hills were naked, but on the lower grounds there grew grafs and plants of various kinds, very few of which were at this time in flower. The Ljciitenant met with -no other animals than a doe with liqr lawn, and a dead fta-horfe or cow that lay on the licarh : of the latter animals we had feen a confiderable mjinbcr from the fliips. Cape Ncwenham is the nortH- cril boundary of the cxtenlive gulph or bay fKuated be- fore the rivtr Briftol, which, in honour of the Admi-^ ral, I'arVof Briftol, received from the Commodore the diftinction of Briftol Bay. Cape Ooneemak forms th« fouthern limit of this bay, and is eighty-two leagues diftant, in the direiftion of S. S. W. from Cape Newen-i ham. At eight o'clock in the evening we fteered to the N, \V. and N. N. W. round the cape, which at noon the next day was four leagues diftant, bearing S. by E. 'i he moft advanced land towards the norths bore N. 30 deg. E. and the neatcft part of the coaft was three leagues and a half diftarit. T)uringthe afternoon there waCbut little wind. To that' by ten o'clock in the even- ing wc had only proceeded three league* on a northerly coyrfc. • Saturday the 1 8th, at eight o'clock A.M. we were fteering N. by W. when the depth of water fuddcniy decrcated to fcvcn and five fithoms; or which account we brought to, till a boat fmm each of the (hipawm fcnt arhead to found, and than we fteered to the N. E. At jKwn, when the water deepened toifovemeen hthotns, (bore w;is four leagues. Our latitude was 5^ deg. t(i min. N. Befoce one o'cloc k the boats a-^^heacTdit'dayed the fignal for (hoal-water. They had only two fiithomsi but at the fame tinne the fliipa .rverein fix. By hauling more lo.thcvnorth.we continued nearly in the fam^ depth till JietWf pit Ave and fix o'clock, w4>en our boau liniding lefs and tefs water. Captain Cook nudle the fig. nal to the Difcovery, Which was then a-he«d, to ca(t anchor, and both (hips foon came to. In bringing up the Refoliition, her cable parted at the clinch, fo that wc were obliged to make ufc of the other anchor. W* rode in 6 fathoms water, over a bottom of (and, at tht diftance of about five leagues from the continent. Cap* Newenhamnowbore S. dUGutt 16 leagues. The far^ theft hiiU we could perceive towards the nbhh, boi« N. E. by E. and lowland ftietched out friim the mom elevated parts as far as N. by E. Without this ther« was a.fhoal of ftones and fand, dry at half ebb. The two mafters having been fent, each in a boat> to (bund between this (hoal and the coaft, reported, on their to* turn, that there was a channel, inwhiichthe ibundinga were 6 and 7 fiithoms, but that it was rather nanow and intricate. At low water, we attempted to get s hawfer round the .loft anchor, but did not then fucceedt however being refolved not to leave it behind us, while there remained the profpcd of recovering it, we pet- fevered in our endeavours 1 and at . length, in the even- ingof the 30th, we had the defued fttccefs. While : thus employed, the Commodore ordered Captain Clerke to fend hh mafter in a boat to fearch for a pal^ fage in a S. W. diretftion. He accordingly did fo, but could fmd. no channel in that quarters nor did it ap- pear, that there was any other way to get dear of tM Ihbals, than by returning by the fame track in which wc had. entered: for though, by following the channel we were now in, we might, perhaps, have got farther 'down the coaft 1 and though this channel might have probably carried us at iaft to the northward, clear of the fljoals, yet the attempt would have been attended With extreme hazanit inii in cafe of ilUfueccfs, there would' have been a great ki(s of tinne, that we could not con* veniently fpare. Thefe realbnt induced the Common dore to return by the way which had brought us ip, and thus avoid the (hoals. "The latitude of our prcfent fts« tibni by lunar obfervations, was 59 d^. 37 n;iin. 30 fee. N, and our rongitudc 1^7 deg. 41 min. 48 fx. £. The moft northern part of the coaft am we cduld dift. cem from this ftation, was fuppofe^ %o be (ituate in lat. 60 deg. It formed, to appearai^ce, alowpoipv to which was given the nathe of Shoal Ne(t. The tide of flood fets to the northward, and the ebb to the (buth« ward: it rifes and fiills five dr fix feet upon a pcrpetidi. cular, and wc reckon that it is high water at, eight', o'clock on the full and change days, On T\iefday the aiftj at thiee o^Itick A. M. havii^ , a gentle breeze at N. N. W. v/t fet'fall, with three boats a-head employed in (bunding. Notwithftanding ' this precaution, we met with greater dtJRculty in i^* , tummg than we had ill advanieing: and were at length under the nece(fity!of atKhorlng, to avoid, the danmr ' of running upon a (hoal that had only a depth Of Ave feet. While we lay at anchor, twenty-fevcn Ameri. cans, each in a feparate canoe, came oif tq the (hfps, . which they approached with fome deeree of caiiripn. As they advanced they hallooed, and exteiided their arms; thereby intimating, as we undcrflnod, their peaceable intentions, and how coidially they were raidy to receive us. Some of them at Iaft canw near enough to receive a few trifling articles, which we threw to j them. This gave cncourwement to the others to veiu ) (ure alongfide t and a tramc qukkly cofiinMnced bc> itween them and our people, who obtained woodAl ' velTels, bows, darts, atrowt, dicflb of (kini, &c. in cxchai^ for whiefa the native* accepted whatever Wc offend COOK'S THikd tnd LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 557 fliipt wA| the N. £. 1 fathotnt) t, bcarmg kc land in heneiir«(t ft deg. lA idit played )fatnoni8| iy hauling the famt I our bmu die thfc fig- d, to cut inging up h, fa that ihor. W* ind, at tht lent. Cap* The far- \bith, bore I theroort : this there ebb. The tt tofixind in their re^ : ibundingt :her narrow d to get « lenfucceed: d us, while it, wc per" n the even> ib. While >d Captain I for a pap did To, but r did it ap- dear of tm ck in which the channel got farther might have clear of the tended With there would' lid not con* he Common ht usiiji, and prefect ft»* 37 n>>n. 3? i.48f(qc.£. vc could dift befituatein a low poipV ). The tide tothefouth.. laperpendi. ter at, eight. {. Mi having I, with three withibndiag ' kuhy in h- rere at length l,the daiw^r depth of Ave fevcn Ameri- to| the Ibi'ps, . e of caiitipn. ctcnded their ;rftood, their ejrwereretdv ! near enough wc threw to Dthen to ven. nmenccd be. tined woodm (kina. &c. in 1 whatever w« oScr4 offered them. Thejr appeared to be the ftme fort of people with thofe wc had met with all along this coaft ; and they wore in their lips and nofcs the fame forts of ornamentt; but they were not fo well clothed, and were much more dirty. Wc thought them to be pcr- fedly unacquainted with any civilized nation; they were ignorant of the ufe of tobacco ; nor did we obfervc in their poflcflion any foreign article, unlefs a knife may be corifidered as fuch. This indeed was nothing more than a piece of common iron fitted in a handle made of wood, fo as to fcrve the purpofc of a knife. How> ever, thefe people underftood fo well the value and uft of this inftniment, that it feemed to be almofl the only article they thought worth purchafing. The hair of mod of them was fhavcd, or cut fhort off, a few locks being left on one ftde and behind. They wore for a covering on their heads, a hood of fkins, and a bonnet fcemingly made of woixl. One part of their drcfs, which we procured, was a kind of girdle of fkin, made in a very neat manner, with trappings depending from it, and palling between the thighs, fo as to conceal the adjacent parts. From the ufe bf this girdle, it is Erobable, that they ibmetimes go in other refptds na- ed^ even in thia high northern latitude ; tor it can fcarcely befuppofed that they wear it under their other cloathing. Their Canoes were covered with fkins, liki thofe we had lately feen; but they were broader;, and the hole wherein the perlbn fits was wider, than iti any of thofe we had before met with. Our boats rc'- turning from founding gave them fome alarm, fo that they all departed fooncr than perhaps they otherwift would have done. On Wcdnefday the 226, we|;ot clear of the fhoals; jret we could not venture to fVeer towards the weft du)'- mg the night, but fpent it off Cape Ncwenham. 0h the 33d, at day-break, we flood to the northward, the Difcovery being ordered to g© a-head. When we had proceeded two leagues, our foundings decreafed t6 M fathoms. Being apprehenfive,' that. If we contiinidd this courfe, we (hould meet with kifs water. We hau!^ to the fouth. This coiirfc broUghtli^ gradually ititb 18 fathoms water; upoti which w«i ventufed to fretfr 4 little weflcrly, and afterwards doe wefV, Whcn'wie at' length found 36 fathoms.' At noon, by ebfehrati6n;'wt; were in lat. 5* dog. 7 min. long. 194 deg. 22 min. eaft. We now fteiTcd W. N. W. the depth of water' intid- iing gradually to 34 fathom^. On Saturday the i^th; rn the evening, having little wirid, and art' etcieedln^ thick fog, wc let go our anchors in 30 fathoms. ' At fi< o'clock the next morning, the weather clearing up, wd fet fail, and Hood to the northward. After we had pro- ceeded on thitcoorfefOr the fpaCe of nine leagues, the wind ^'eetcdtoohe'N. fo thatwc weitobtigcdtofleei'trit^' weftedy.' On Tueftlay ihtf 49t-tsss f I • - I i'.._- 'f ID ,.i;i!!U).> r .'jiioc « ofmoreC,ipf/ attdbeadJa»d;^Srjiiro^b.J)lariil-^C^j>iffA piMf .interview with a paniadar fiimily^Mr. Kinz'vtfitt i^'T'^rP^' "/"".", 'r".'^"f '^J (''<^i^"r9'"'ii. -^f^V 'kl<=rifti6H of the country, f^c.^Notton's Sound—Stcmantt lfla«d difcoijfrcd and de_^ribed—Cape Stcve^s~^fint,SUlfy!t,-wa^frrrSboals~.aerke's IJkHd^Gore's— Pinnacle^ ^l ^f'"'^"/pr'W ^:'!*—^'<'>'*»' fthejpmtdivifited ^ 4 mH^^^-^Of their Jettlemtnt at Oonalajka—A particu* luiXr^pi^ "i'^'i'l^^'r ;«««/<^a(i^s. J " J SOONafier Mr. A»iderfon had rtfigned hia breath, we difcovered laiid to the Weftward, dilbhif 12 leagues. We fuppoled it to be an iflandj and the Commodore, to perpehilMe tiM meiwary of tht dr.' _. N«>. 68k ceafed, for whom he had a very great regard, diflin- guilhed it by the name of Anderfon's llland. On Tiiefday, the 4th, at three in the afternoon, wefaw land extending frortj N. N. E. to N. W. Wc ftccred to- 7 li watd* )\ ,1 . 'I'll nfflfi 558 ., dapt.. C 9 9 JC'8 y a Y Aipi E S CPMPliiPTE, f « U«MM-ab ■?: .l-lfl I f B ■' m wardi froni h, ftiling, we -let gif our aiichors in i'} fathonu, bvec « •{ fandy IjotioM. ar The dmanc^Qr^bout twc^ league* fjKm -land. Our Hn^was now 6^ re uf, which. w« imagined to b^ the continent of America, abpearol rather low next this feat but inland it rofe in bills,^ ^hich fecmc4 to be of a tolerable height. It 1^0 a Krc^Uh1iuc,^aQ4 i*<^ *p- parently dcftit'utcof wot^and qfee fipfh fno^. ^^^0^ our (hips remained at anchor, wi; pbfi^Y^cljtharthe ttde •of flood canie from the eaftward,' and (ct to the;, weft- ward, till between the houn of ten aiid clpreni from which time, till two o'clock the next mpming, the ftream fet to the E. and the watf r fell three fs^t, Thip 'flood nllirting both longer and fl^rptigcr than tnejcbb, we concluded that thVrc w'a^ a M|e(tcfly current Ixfidei the tide. Wetjncfday the ' Jth. at teii o'clock in the moiVii^ng,- wc'fan down, ind foph after ancnorcd i^- twtfen the idand and the coiitincnt in Icven fatl^onis. Not long after we had ca(t an(:hdr. Captain. pooK^ ^• companied by Mi*. King >rtd ,foi^)ic, other .cmoers, landed uporithe id^hd^ H ney, which bore from th<^ IJtend N.,,)V- Nf W»^i^l Ac diftahce of three cfr JStif I^gueS; '^t tHcjlii^ which aflbmed a' morfc no^ne'rly,,t 4 Wiiich Kreater\diftanind,aJirQ beyond ii;,Wp obferved tome high land, which we imagined wa^ a continual dpn o^tae ^ntinent. This pome of land, which the C^mn^o^oea diftingMifticd by the name of Cape Prince o^^^»p, UAt weftern extremq ftfaU America hi.* fjwrto iajpwp. ItJiaflda in the long, of 191 deg. 45 mjn. E. awji in.;h« !»». of *5 deg»; 46 nuA. N. wc Wif^ %\uin we &W fotnt people on t|K; ooaft ; and per-» hapa tifc were not miftMcenJn, our fuppofition, as Canie«|cvatio9« Ukeftageii and ethers reftmbling huts, were ,9^crved ^ t\\e fime place. This morning, at cig^ o'clock, a &int jvortherly bree*ei arifuig,! we v|«i£^ anchor I butt our fails werQ fcarcely fet. when k,fK0U^ to blpwand rainiiwith, great violence. «hcre ptiug at the faire titpe roifty weatheit The wiiid and (■urrent were in cojntrary dire*»l mn.. wr .amuft appioach to this ifland, we found that it was com.- veyihe goods from one place to anothe'r oVer the fnowll^fed of two Jh«JU()*ndv,^^ or ic^ It wasaboufsoincherhi bread th, afifft61eer tKree or^ou' ^cagu^a m circumfcmjce *• ''-f- d. th& ^n^ dPlMfo. wtl MV^feS^faL^ atletfred to' W fiicH Ttttfa? uuWM in length, had a fort of rail-work on ad» fide. Md waii fliod with bone. Its conftrudlion was^minfbte, and its various parts were put together with great ncat^ fief»i forafc-.wttffwooden jpins,»;b«Mr^»the>¥i*ffJ«t with thongs or laflunm««^)«'li4ii'bort«i 1(i^tK>)if(?iwm:e Of which, thcCaptam inagibed that it was ptiiti)r the worttmanftiip of the natives. We wcigWcd kiicho)r at three O'ckick A. M. et •4ie<6th, ahtf rsidVfstH; t^the' M. W. wkh ali^ br«e» from the toilihwa*a3''Ha«.; ing aftetwaids but little wind, ahd thar>ai-iatd|^,^feA node bu^a flow |»ogi«fs{f> antf, ktcfghc d'dtOiSk iht^- cWningr^ finding the fliip* getlintf fiiro flwiatw^me^ w« I anchored in fcVenfathomk, our difiance flmn |he coaft I being about two leagues. Sledge ffliiid/t11*(*.bort ^i I 41 dcg. E. fline or ten leagues ««(hirtt.^'.^Sod«^M J* had lct*«».our anchors, tSicwcathtr^-whfcKliid'WKh ^ifty,.c wared. up, and 1«e pereeivMl high latMl ex- tenclin^ from N. 40 dcg. E. to N. 30 deg. W. feeing- ingly disjoined from the coaft ne»r which wc Uy at anchor, which appeaivd ^ ettend to the ; nord)-«9R.n ward. We at the ^fiie time;ifi|w ar\'iftai)d beariii| U. «i deg. W. it tt*di)laKtfcould jaffbid us iTtde flielter, we di^ not come to in ahchor,l)ut continued to ftretch towards the W. and ab«tt eiirht o'clock in the evening,, we faw land 5irt^ f,p% »r^. fo W^ Ijy L tlte^ance of ili^.tkawhpart bcFAfe^Jt1agues.\.'We ftood on till tenp'ilock, amlrtxminadr aboard towarda the-E. in "dWei'-ttipafs the night. .,,>. ' •, a '0#M0May thej^dlL atbrdtk.ofday, vn refumed ^ *#Ard, coiirfeto the land f^n W us th^ pre- itedbg tven&tt. Atekven minutes afterfcven o claf;k, ft^^nded Sm S. 72 d%. W. to N. 41 d«. E. ^wb^ the fiwih-weftem extremity, and a pouit bear- IngW. flx nOtea diftant, the coaft ^rms » fpacioua bay, i* which We dromied our anchors fit ten in i)ie foitoodn, about liyo miles ffpm tH northern ft^re, ■<>^«fr«^ boiitoim, at tlWs depth pt ten .fethyns. N»tod«.W.betwpen tw aii*lJfi^g»»«» diftanft ipml ibt twoiftimlli that we had p*(W the preceduig #y, were aith^djiUce of,44>IWf!^. ^/jfW^N. 7a deft «»l!.V txt mom^ W. courfe* ng, weob* lant about king, flwrt f, and the 1VC in th« thcN.W. m, and bei me thought he didanco r the wef.* n the long. 6s deg. 36 up at eight (outh-ead* hii N..W. \ anchor in t into fevcn tc^iig tho i it. Per- ill, we now, port, near ' wtathcr at ur the next difcern'the tfland bore I of it, and peaked hill int that was is fome low ireine point \M, bearing i»p obferven a continual , which tht [Jape Prince America .hi^ 191 deg. 45 ft. N. We fti and per-i poiition, ai nbling huts, Tiorning, at arifuig,! -wie Iwret^when u^ncc, pero nchor uodcf . 9ur :mntiii it was com" shcscecdcd As thcfe lot come to irds the W. ivc faw land e^iftance of Rood on till rdstbevE. in fW refuined us .ihc; prc- ^veno'dof^. I point bear- IS « fpa^cious jit ten in t|ie rthem d^re, ti^ fathoms. ^i'dec.Et its i^bf the bay, !9di(laiUk«in«| rectdtng d«r> g.,N. 7' ^ tved> on the ,K noitH w si },- n u III li 11 II* COOlC'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGK-To the PACIFIC OCHAN. Sec. $59 uhorth (hoit, a village, and fome people, who feemcil | to have been thrown into confulum, or fear, at the flirht of our veffeti. We could plainly perceive perfons running up the country with burdens upon their (hould- cri. At thi» *illage Captain Cook propored to land; and accoirfingly «'<"* «»'•> ••''*« armed boati, accom- iMnied by fome of the offkrrf . Thirty or forty men, . ii^N of whom wai armed with a fpontoon, a bow, and '- ^rrowa, ftoed drawn up ort an eminence near the houfei t i 'three of them came down towards the (liore, on the attpraech of our gentlemen, and were fo polite ai to puTtoiT' their caps, and make them low bowa. Though thii civility wai returned, it did not Infpirc them with fuflRcieiit confidence to wait for the land! ng of our party 1 for, the mftant they put the boats alhorc, the natives re- tired. Captain Cook followed them alone, without any thii« in his hand] and, by figns and geftures, pre- vailed on them to ftop, and accept fome ttifling pre- fents: in return for thefe, they gave him two fox-lkins, •nd a couple of fe*.horfe teeth. The Captain was of opinion, that they had brought thefe articlei down with them for the purpofe of prefcnting them to himi and that they would have given them to him, even if they had etpedtcd no return. They fcemtd very timid anci cautious : intimating their deflre, by (Igns, that no more of our people (hould he fuffered to come up. On the Captain's laying his hand on the (lioulder of oi^c of them, ne ftarted back fcveral paces; in proportion as he advanced, they retreated, always in the attitude of being ready tomakeufe of their fpears; while thofc on the eminence, were prepared to fupport them with their armws. Infenfibljr, the Captain, and two or three of his companions, introduced themfelvet among 1 Ihem. The diftribution of a few beads among fome of f them, foon created a degree of confidence, fo that they ]' vrere not alarmed, when the Captain was joined by a ftw more of his peoples and, m a fliort time, a kind of traffic was entered Iito. In exchange fbr tobacco. . Itnivis, beads, and othei aitides, thty gave. a few ar- |row8, and fome of their cli.'hing; but nothihgthat pur f people had to offer, could induce them to part with a fpear or a bow. Thefe they held in continual ti»dinefs, ; never quitting them; except at one time, when four or ! iive pcrfons laid theirs down, while thry favoured our party with a fongand a dances and cveiJ then, they placed, them in foch anufmer, that !|1rey could lay hold of them in a moment. Their an^ows were {wfntcd either with'ftone or bohe, bi^t ■vcijr^ftvr of theit)' had 'barbs 2 and fomtioftheth had a r^nd blunt point. ; What ufe thefe arc applied to, we caiinot fay, unleii it I be to kill fmall aninuti without damaging the (kin. • Their bows were fiich'aa wehadobfervedon the Ame- rican coad.i their fpontoons, orfpears, were of iron or fteel, and of European or Aflatic workmanihip; and confiderable paihi had beeii taken to cmbellidi them >with earning, and inlayinj^ of Urafs, and of a white metalw Thdc who Aooid « ith bows and arro«3 in their hands, had the fpear (lung by a leathern ftrap over their rieht (houldcr. A leathern qnive^, fliirig dver tli^r \ck ihoulder ferved to cdntain arrows t ana (bme of thefe cpiivers were exceedingly beautiful, beingmade of red l^her, on which was very neat embroidery, and oth?r ornaments. Several other things, and particularly their cloathing, indicated a degree of ingenuity far for-' p^.^ng what anv one would expcdl to Bnd a^mohg fo northemai^ple. The AiiteHi^'we hadftdi ffnce pur arrival' on thai cdift, liad ft^'dlnbby' feces, and'high Niheekiboinrt, ahd i**rt! jxmr Id* «f (tfiture. The pet^e atnoiig whotMwetaow^'wc^, ferfrom refembling them, had long Vifafees,' atirf Were ftdut and wi:\l made: MJ)on the whole, they appeared to be a vdry diffbrcjnt rtation. N6iVoWien, i^or childivii of either fex, were obfervcd, nor anykgrti pCribhs, btc^oiie man. whofe heiad was nilds lihd hCiwMiJhc onljr'ene whoHdr^ no ahfhs: the otWrsTcemed tofit ftlca men, and richer under than above the middle age. The elderly man had a bhck mark acroft his face, which wai not pfcrceived in any of the others ; ail of them had their cars perforated, and fome had glafs beads hanging to theni Thefe I were the only fixed ornamcnti ficn about lhci»,lor they wearnone to rhcir lips: this is another particular, ih which they differ from the Americans we had lately fecn. Their apparel confifted of a pair of breeches, a cap, a frock, a pair of boots, and a pair of gloves, all made of the ikuis of deer, do^s, fcals, and other ani- mals, and extremely well drcfled ; fome with the hair or fur on, and others without it. The caps Wetc made In foch a manner, as to fit the head very clofej and be- fides thefe caps, which were worn by moft of thern, we procured from them fome hoods, made of dog- (kins, that were fultlticntly large to cover both head and Ihouldcrs, Their hair was apparently black, but their heads were either fhaved, or the hair cut clofe off, and none of them wore beards. Of the few articles which they obtained from our people, knives and tobacco were ■what they fet the moft value upon. In the village wc faw both their winter and their fum- mcr habitations J the former arc cxadly like a vault, the floor of which is funk fcelow the furface of the canh. One of them, which Captain Cook examinctl, was of an oval figure, about twenty feet in length, and twelve or mt ri in height i the framing conlirtcd of wood, and the ribs of whales, judicioufly difpofed, and hound together with fmallcr materials of the fame kind. Over this framing, a coveyng of ftrong coarfc grafs was laid, and that again was covered with earths Jo that on theoutfide, the houfc had the appearance of a litrie hillock, fupportcd by a wall of Hone, of the height of three or four feet, which was built round the two fides, and one end. At the other end of the ha- bitation, the earth was raifed fioping, to walk up to the entrance, which was by a hole in the top of the roof, over that end. The floor was boarded, and un- der it was a fort of cellar, in which the Captain faw nothing but water; at the end of each houfc wiis a vaulted room, Which he foppofed was a ftorc-room. Thefe ftore-rooms communicated, by a dark paiTage, with the houfc; and with the open air, by a hole in the roof, which was even with the ground one walked upon; but tHcy cannot be faid to be entirely below ground; for one end extended to the edge of the hill, along which they were made, and which was built up with ftone. Over it flood a kind of fentiy box, or tower, formed of the large bones of great fifn. Their fammefhuts were of a tolerable fi2t, and circular, be- tngbraughtto a point at the top. Slight poles and bones, covered with the (kins of lea animals, comppfed the framing. Captain Cook examined the infide of one: < there was a fire-place juft within the door, wh tc a few wooden vefTels were depolited, all very dirty. Their bed-places were clofe tp the fide, and occupied about one-half of the circuit : fome degree of privacy fccmed to be obfervcd ; for there were feveral partitions, made withfkihs. The bed and bedding confifted of deer- (kins, and moft of them -were clean and dry. About the houfes *ere eredcd feveral Ihgcs, ten or twelve fetV in height, fuch as we had feen on fome parts of the American codft. They were compofcd entirely of bones, and were apparently intended for drying their filh and (kins, which were thus placed out of the reach of their dogs, of which ' ^^'y had great numbers. Tliefe dogs are of the fox xind, rather latge, and of different colours, with lor/* foft hair, that refembles wool. They are, in all pr >bability, ufcd for the pur- pofe of drawing their (ledifs in winter; for it appears , that they have fledges, as the Captain faw many of them laid up ih one of their winter huts. It is, Ukewife, not improbable, that dogs conftitute a part of their food, for feveral lay dead, which had been kflled that mominjg. The canoes of thefe people are of t^e fame ; kind with thofe of the northern Americans, (bme, both I of the large and fmall fort, being fecn lying iii a Creek„ Ineafihc Ylllfgc. From the larg. bones of fillip and !other fca^imals, it appeared, that the Tea furniOied I them ^rith the fester part bf their fubfiftettce. The country feenied extremely barren, as our gerrtlemen faw . not a tree oi- Ihmb. Atfome difbince towarcls the weft, they obferved a ridge of mountains covered With fnow, that had fallen not long'befbrc. Spm* .) J 111- 560 Gtpi. COOK'i y O.Y A G B S C O M P L |£ T E. Some of ui M llrft, fuppoTed this hnd to be a ptrt of the ifluid of AUlchka, bid down ip Mr. Stahiin't map belbre mentkmcd i Imk from the appearance of ihc coaft, the fituation of the oppofitc fliorc of America, and from the lonflitude, we loon conjc^ured that it wai, more probably, the country of the Tfchutlki, or the caftern extremity of Alia, explored by Beering in theyear 1738. In admiitina ihii, however, without farther examination, we muR have pronounced Mr. Stashlin'i map, and hii account of the new northern Archipelago, to be either remarkably erroneout, even in latitude, or elfe to be a mere Hdtion i a judgment which wc would not prefume to pafii, upon a puolica. tion (b rcrpcifiably vouched, without prawicing the moft decKive prooft. Our partv having remained with thefc Kcopk between two and three houri, they returned on uard I and, foon after, the wind becoming (butherly. wc weishcd anchor, ftood out of the bay, and ftceicd to the N. E. between the coaft and the two idanda. At noon, the next day, Auguft 11, the former extanded from S. 80 acg. W. to N. 84 dcg. W. the latter bore S. 40 dcg. W. and the peaked hill, over Cape Prince of Wales, bore S. ^6 dcg. E. The latitude of the (hip wai 66 dcg. ( mm. N. the longitude 191 dcg. 19 min. K. our (bundingt were a8 fttnoma; and our pdition nearly in the middle of the channel, betwc^ tne two coafts,each being at'the diftanceofabout (even league*. From this ftation we (leered to the caftward, in order to make a nearer approach to the American coaft. In this courfc the water sradually (hoalcdi and there being very litttle wind, ana all our endeavours to encreale our depth failing, we were obliged at laft tocaft anchor in fix fathoms I which wu the only remedy remaining, to prevent the (hips drving into more (hallow water. The nearcH part of the weftem land bore W. 1 a leagues diflanti the peaked nwunuin over Cape Prince of Wales, bore S. 16 de|(. W. and the moft northern part of the American continent in %ht, E. S. E. the diftance of the nearell prt being about four leagues. After we had anchored, a boat was difpatched to found, and the water wm found to (hoal gradually towards the land. While our (hips lay at anchor, which wu from 0x to nine in the evening, we perceived little or no current, nor did we oblcrve that the water nk or fell. A nor- therly breeze fpringtn^ up. we weiahed, and made (all to the weftward, which cour(e (oon brought ua iiu<» deep water; and, during the lath, we plied 10 the northward in fight of bothcoafts, but we kept neareft to that of America. On the 13th, at four in the afier- noon,a breeze ariftngat S. we fteered N.E.bv N. till four o'clock dw next inomii^,when, f^iognoland, we direded our courfc E. by N. and baween the houra of nine and ten, land appeared, which we fuppofed *aa a continuation of the continent. It extended from E. by S. to 1^ l^ N. and, not knig afUrwaids^ we jleicried more land, bearing N. by E. Cooiina rather fuddenly into 1 .3 fathonu wa.tcr, at two in the afternoon, we nude a irip'jolf till four, when wc again ftood in for the land I whi<;h. (bon a&ar, we tum^ extendiiig fhm U. to S. £. the neareft pait being at the diftance of, three or four leagues. The coaft here tonf» a jwint, named by us.Poinc^lgtavf, which is6tuated in the Utttude of 67 dcg. 4^ mm. N. and in. the longitude of 194 d&vibinitllMa, ^tlM we. i^e.wer^ilffirJmMi int,Um§f^i cwM not expcd totteanyt a»li»tii6wiiKl,M^ M: I** *" ^..^!"^ K <•*" "» cwiMwie • courft 4Wxh m* moft likely to bring u* to it. From the noon of Ibis o»y. to dx o'clock in the morning of the foUow* ing. we fteered E. by N. a courfc which brought u* utio flftecn fathom* water. W: now fteered nTe. by E. thinking, by fuchacourfe. toincrcafeour depth m water. But in the fpact of ftx league*, it ftioaled to 1 1 fathoms, which inducad us to haul cfofo to (he wind, that now blew at W. About twelve o'cfock, both fun and moon were clearly fccn at interval*, and we made fome hafty obfeiVMlan* for the longitude 1 which, reduced to noon, when the latitude wm 70 dcg. 13 min. N. nve 107 deg. 41 min. E. The time. Ikcffper, for the (kme time, ga ve 1 9I dcg. In the fbr«? noon, we perceived a brightneri in the northern hori- zon, like that rcfleOed (rem ice, ufually oiilled the blink. Linle notice wa* takeq of it, from a fuppofu tion that it wa* impnbabk we (hould fo (boa m«^ wUh ice. The fliarpnefi of the ait', however, and.^oomi. nef* of the wiMhcr, lor the two or three preceding day*, feemed to indicate fome fudden ciMUige. About an hour afterward** the fight of ib eaormous mafs of ice, leftusnokMgerinahydo(4bt refpcf the icq, in 33 fiithom* water, being then in thcLititude of 70 dcg, 41 min. north, and unable to ffauid on any farther, for the ice wa* perfcdly impenetrable, and extended from W. by S. to E. by N. a* (aru the c) c could reach. Here we met with great numbers of fea-horfes, fome ot which were in the water, but far more upon the ice. yht Commodore had thoughu of hoifting out the boat* to kill fome of thcfc anmiaisi but, the wind freOiening, he gave up the defign t and vie continued tp ply toward* the foutn, or rather towards the weft, (or the wind came from that quarter. Wc made no pro- Srefsi for, at twelve on the 18th. our Utttude was 70 eg. 44 min. north, and we were idmoft five leagues far« ther tp the caft. We were, at prefent, clofe to the edge of the ice. which wa* as coropaiS as a wall, and appearac tobtatleafttenortwelve feet in height: but, b'rther northward, it feemed tO'bc much higner. Its (iufoce was exceedingly rugged, and, in feveral places, we law pool* of water upon. it. We now ftood to the fouth* andi,after running (}x league foaled th« water to fe^ van ^hqiia*! but it boa iacradedfntiiedeptJ^,of hiiif^ fathooM. At tki* time,, tl^ weatfacf^ which hfid beoi hazy, beeomiiHt clearer, .we wu TqiMB, 6^ in ^ «*• at'O'K t*^ klBue* «p «« f^y* Batweanone anritwot we got in with die eM;/i|>^ Jt w9l^te& CKH^tlm Uw ihkh we had *«»»« ^I w .of te b ed to- ward* i 'll |!l| B.f ,1 [1 i III 6* T. COOK'« THIRD ind LAST VOYACB— To the PACIFIC OCEAN. «ec. 5A1 wardt the north 1 but it wai too cloTc, and in too large pieces to attempt rorciiw the (hip> throuuh it. We (aw an amating number orrca^horlci 01. the ice, and a> we were in waM of frcih provifiona, the boaii from each fliip were diTpatchcd to procure foinc o( them. By fevca iA the evening, we had received, on board the Rciiiiuciaa, nine eif thcwanimaUi which, till thii time, ire had fbpfMfedto be Tea-cow* 1 k that we were greatly dtiappoinied. particularly lomc of the failor*. who, on ■ccouiK td trie novelty of the thing, had been fealiing Ihcir eyca (br Tome days part. Nor would they now iiave Mtn difappointed, nor have known the diflrer> ence, If there had not been .vo or three men on board, who had been in Greenland, and declared what ani- hiali thcle were, and that no perfon ever eat of them. NocwithHanding this, we made them fcrve u* for pro- vifions, and there were few of our people who did not E refer them to our lalt meat. The lat of thcfc animals , at fird, u fwcet u marrow | but. in a few days, it be- comes rancid, unlels It is ftltcdi in which ftau it will keep much longer. The leanflelb iscoarTe andblackini. •Ml has a ftrong laftei but the heart is almffR n well tafted u that of a bullock. The fat, when melted, ■llbrds a good quantitv of oil, which bums very well infaunpsi and their hides, which are of great thick- nefs, were extremely nfeful about our rigging;. The teeth, or tufks, of inoft of them were, at this time, of • very fmall fixei even (bmc of the larged and oldcft of thefe animals, had them not exceeding half a foot in len^h. Hence we concluded, that thcjr Itad lately flicd theic old iccth. The^ lie upon the ice in herds of many hundreds, huddling like Twine, one over i'c other t and they roar very loud ; To that in the nighr. r wht • thi weather was foggy, they gave us notice of ti e vici nity of the ice, before we could difccrn it. We never found the whole herd fleepino. Tome of them being con ■■ llanrty upon the watch. TneTe, on the apprmch of the txNU would awake thoTe diat were next to ihem 1 iind the alarm being thus gradually cotnmunicated, the whole herd would prcTently be awfke. However. dapgft' pus as Tome authors have repnefenltd them. Hot even when they were atuckcd. They are, indeed, more To^ }a appearance, than in reality. Vaft multitudes of them would follow, and come doTe up to the boau; ^t the Ha(h of a mufket in Uic pan, or even the riicre pointing of one at them, would fend them down in a |j{ inomem. The female will defend her young one to the very laft, and at the cxpence of her own life, wbe- U)cr upon the ice or in the water. Nor will the young /anirtiuit the dam. though flVe (hould have been killedi io that, if you deftroy one, you arc fure of the other. The dxm, when in the water, holds her young one be- tween her fore iins. Mr. Pennant, ir'^-in Synoplis of KJtuadrupcds, has given a very good t*"* ■ >on of this ^inial under the naiiieof the Ai^c V>ju us. Why it fhoiild be called a fca-horfe, is difficult to determine, unkfs the word be a corruption of the Ruflian name Morfci for they do not in the f.. Jl refemble a horfe. 'It is, douhthCt, the fiime anir- li that is found in the (Julph of St. Lawrence %r t iliere called a fea.cow. It is cetuinly more like a cow than a horfe 1 but this re- icmblancc confifts in nothing but the fitout. In (boit, jltis ananim&'iux unlikea feal, but incomparably \arger. The length of one of thnu. Which was none of the largefl, was nine feet fflxir IqcScs from the fnbut to the taili the circumference of its body at the dibuldcr, was (even feet tci) inches 1 its circumfimnce.near the hinder fins was five feet fix inches, andfhe weight of the car- cafe. without die hcM). (kin, or entpuU. was eight hun- dred and fifty-four pounds. t]he head weighed forty- one pounds and a half, andtheikin two hundred and liv« pounds. It may not be improper to remarii. ul often feen flocks of ducks flymg to the Ibuth. T|i^ were of two fpe- ciea, the one tiwch larger than the other. The larscr Tort was of a brown colour 1 and of t.Sc TnvH Tnrt, either the duck Or drake was black ^nd whue, and (he nthrr brown. Some oT our pco|)le bid that they alTo f*w geeTe. This Teems to indic.ite, that there murt be laml (othc northward, where thcd* birji, in the proper Tea* Ton, find fhelKr for breeding, and whence they were now on their return to a warmer climate. Afkcr we had got our fea-horfci on honrd, wc wrrr, in a manner, Turrouii>-led with the ire 1 and had no meins of clear<94d^.4a mi.i.E. and appear' ' '< ' - toleraoly high land, even down to the (eat buttlx eniay below land I'nder it, which wemightnoc then Tee, txing not IcTs than tei leagues diftant firom it. In almoft every other parr, u we advanced to the north, we had found a low coaft, from which the land riTes to a moderate height. The coaft now before us wu free from Tnow. except in one or two places, and had a greenifti hue. But we could notdifcern any wood upon it. Saturday the aad, the wind was Toutherly, and the weather for the moft part fflggy, with Tome intervals of funfbine. At eight m thie evening, we had a calm, which continued till midnisht, when we heard the Turge of the fca dafliingagainft the ice, and had many looTe pieces about us. A light piece now aroTe at N . E and the fog being very thick, we fteercd to the S. to get clear oTrJie ice. At eight the next morning; the log difperTed. and we hauled towards the W. for the Com- modore finding we could not ^et to the N. near the coaft. by reaTon of the ice, rcToIved to try what could be done at a diftance from it; and as the wind Teeme4 to be fixed at N. he confidercd it as a favourable (i)>por- tunity. In our progreTs to (he weftward. the wat^ gra- dually deepened to a8 fathoms. With the northerly wind the air was (harp and cold ; and we had fbgs, Tun- ihinie, (bowers oT (how and fleet alternately. On the 36ch. at ten in the momii«g, we fell in with the ice. At twelve^ it extended froin N. W. to E. bf N. and Teemed to be thick and compa lit ll hr ii N. ;W. and N. E. quanen. With > great quantity of loofe ice about the edge of the main body. At thii time, we had baffling light ain. but the wind foon fettled at S. and increaled to a frefli gale.accDmpa. nied with fliowenof rain. We got the tack aboard, and ftretched to the E. uthia wu the only dircAion in which the fca was free from ice. Thurfday the 37th. at fouro'dbck* A. M. we tacked «nd ftood to the weftward, and at feven o'clock in the eveninff, we wereclofe in with the edge of the ice, which lay E. N. E and W. S. W. at Tar in each of thofe direiftioni a* the eye could reach. There being but little wind. Captain Cook went with the boats, to examine the ftate of the ice. He found it confiding of loofr pieces, of various extent, and fo clofe together, that he could (carccly enter the outer edge with a boat; and it was as impraiflicable for the (hips to enter it, as if it hud been fo many rocks. He particularly re- marked, that it was all pure tranfparent ice, except the lipper furface, which was rather porous. It (eemed to be wholly compofcd of frozen fnow, and to have been all formed at lea. For, not to infift on the improba. bility of fuch prodigious maflcs floating out of rivers, noneoftheprodudlionsof the land were found incor- K rated, or mixed with it ( which would certainly have :n the cafe, if it had been formed in riven, either great or fmall. The pieces of ice that formed the outer edge of the main body, were from forty to fiilv yards in extent, to four or five; and the Captain judged, that the laigcr pieces reached thirty feet or more, under the furface of the water. He alfo thought it highly im> {irobablc. that this ice could have been the produc> tion of the preceding winter aloiie. He was rather in- clined tofuppofc ittonavebeen the produdlion of many winters. It was equally improbable, in hisopi(iion,that the little that i>ow remained of the fummer. could de- ftroy even the tei:.h part of what now Aibfifted of this great mafs; for the lun had already exerted upon it the full force and influence of his rays. The fun, indeed, according to his judgment, contributes very little to> wards reducing the'e enormous nufles. For though that luminary is above the horizon a conflderable while, it fcldom ihines out for more than a few hours at a time, and frequently is not feen for fevcral fuccef- five days. It is the wind, or rather the waves raifed by the wind, that brings down the bulk of thcfe pre. digious maflcs, by grinding one piece againft another, ikni by undermining and walning away thofe parts which arc expofcd to the fuige of the fea. This wa* mani- fefl, from the Captainl obferving, that the upper fur- ^ce of many pieces had been partly waflied away, while the bafe.or under part, contmued firm forfeveral fiithomk round that which appeared p.bove water, like a ftioal round a high rock. He' meafured the death •f water upon one, and found that it was 1 5 feet, fo tnat the (hips might have failed over it. If he had 'not mea- fuml tnis depth, he would have been unwilling to be- lieve, that there was a fuflicfent weight of ice above the furfkce, to have funk the ocber fo much below it. It may thus happen, that more ice is deflroyed in One tem» pelnious fcafan, than is formed in fcveral winters, and an endteft accumulation of it is prevented. But th^t ' ^herc is ronflantlyi remaining (tore, will be acknow- ledged- -by every 3ne who hai Men upon the (pot. A thick (bg, which c.tme oh while the Commoaore was thus employed with the hofxt, haftened him aboard fooner ttun he could have wi(hed, witli one fea-horfe to each (hip. Our party had killed many, butcouM not wait to bring them oif. The number of ritefe animals, on all the Ice that we had feen, is really afloniihing. We faent the night (landing off and on, among the drift ice, and at nine o'ckKk the next momii^(. the liw having in fome degree di(|icrfed, ^tt from each of the Oiips were difpatchcd for fta-horfesj for o«r people by this time b^ti to relifli thdti, anditwIif'We fiad before fumiihcd ourfelres With, Wer* aH ttofUbmed. At noon; our latitude was ^9 deg. ^7 mln. ft. d^tMiti' tude iSj dcg. S. ttti our c'eptli of wtM^^ w« 75 %>. thorns. AttwoindtfeafifrtkMn.tMV^ gbrbii Mml as nuny fei^.4iol-rMts1(icr^deelhedlW!ldt^i^ wind ffe(hcninRat S. S. E. wehoifted in the boats, and Iwered to the & W. ftit being unable to weather the ice upon this tack, or to go through it^ we made a board to the eaflward, till about eight oVlock, then rb- (Umed our ceurfe to the S. W. and weit dbligcd befoi>? miani|riit to tack again, on account of the Ice. Not lon^ after, the wind veering to the N. W. and MowIik a RilfBale, we (tretched to the S. W. doft hauled. ^ Friday the ajth, in the morninfr, we faw the mairt ice towards the N. and fom after, perceived land bear- ing S. W. by W. Ina ihorr time after this, more land wu feen, bearing W. It flieSi-ed itfclf In two hills, re- fembling iflands, but foon the w'de appeared con. nedted. As wc made a nearer approach^to the land, the depth of water decreafcfd very ftft, fo that, at tw el ve o'clock, when we ticked, we (bund only eight fiithomSt being three miles from the coa(», which extended from S. 30 dctt. E. to N. 60 deg. W. the latter extremity temunating ma Uu(rpoint.l)eingoneof thehAUmeil-^ tioned before. Thef weather was now very haw, with drizzling raint but, foon afterwards, it cleared up, pat^ ticularly to the fouthward; we(h«rard, and northward; This enabled us to have a tolerable view of the Coalt'; which refembles, in every reiixA, the oppofite coaft <^ America I that is, fow land next the fea, with higher land fanher back. It was tonilly delfitote of vwA and even of fnowt but was, prObMUy,'covcred with i mofly fuMhince, that gave it «broWni(b hue. In the tow mtofind that lay between the fea and the high hxof, was i lake, extending to the fouth eaftward farther than we could fee. At we ftood ofl; the moft weftcrly of the two hills above-mentioned, came open olT the bluff point, in a M. W. diredim. It had the appcannde df an ifland, but it might perhaps be connedled' With the other by low land, though we did not fee it. ' And if that be the cafe, there is a two-fold point, with a bay be- tween them. This point, which is rocky and flcep, re*- ceivedthe name of Cape North. It is fitnatcd nearly intkeUtitnde of 6$ d^. (6 niin. N. and inthelongk. tude of I So deg. jr mih. E. Tfie cMff beyoihd it doubtlefs kilbftiet a very Wefterly diredion; (or we could di(cem no land to the northward of it. though the horizon was th6re pwtty eloir. WifliingtO lee more of the coaft to the weftward, we tacked again, at two in the afternoon, thinking we (hould be able to wea. thcr Cape North) but finding we could not. the wind firclhening^ t thick foe arifing, with much (how, and beimt apprehenflve of the ice coming down upoii uL the Goimnodorc rdinquifhed thedefi^ he had roemed of plyiiw to die wefhrard, and again ftood olF tttore. The leafon'wat now fo for advanced, and the time when the froft mnerally fets in was fo near, that Captain Cbok did net think it conflftent with prudence, to make anf htther attempts 10 difcover a paflage into the Attfentic Ocean this year, in any diredion,(o fmall waa die pre. bability of fucceft. His attention was how direded to the fearch of fome place, where we might recruit our wood and water; andtheobieft that pnncipal^ occu- pied his thoughtt wu, how he (hould pafs the «;intcr. lb u to make (bme improvements in navigatilMi and gKlgttphy.md, at the bmetiiik,be in a cwidition to return to the northward the en(bing fummer, to pro(e> cute his feaith of a pafliue into the Atlantic. Hiv> infg ftood off till ourfbundiiigs were eighteen fathomf. We tnade fkil to the caftwanC atong the coaft; which, we were nowpiwtty wtH convinced could only be the continent of Afla. Tlie Wind blowiiig frefb, and thetc beinft^at thcfametime, a Ihick mift, and a very heavy fUl m fiMW, it waa Nquifite that we (hould .p> Rtnatcd nearly I inthel9ngi. iff beyq^ it ftiont; fiw we of it, thduell Vifliing tb lee rkcd again, at leabletpwea. not, the wind ch fnow, and own uMih UL lie had rormed ood ofF fttore^ the time when Captain Cook , to mate iiif othe Athntic II was the ^m- ow diicAed to l^t recruit our inciptlly occuo ifs thew;inter. lavigatiOn and a condition to mer, to prole, lantic. Hav. Ineen fathoim, coaft, whichi i only be the reflt, and diete d a very hctvy hbuld proceed 6u|^t to, for |i :t momiiUL the KcditioftUliclir fedf in a grett wit ^ttnielir tsdffnow.: ^t Mift.Whidr was .W. &»n«T- r«a<^ to feveo joint now |)Ore be eaftward of *his> O ■41 '^1 J !'K m m i I \ IS I v: a. , "> I c B i A. 1 '-5 I >1 c e a. il 1-^ ^! r: i b S .5 e I 5 5? I < u w 1 h' s '< i v: tl l^'t i»i £ / *ing from N. to N. ,L. Between eight and nine, the eaftem extremity of the land was at the diflance of fix or fevcn miles, bearing S. by K. A head-lanil appeared at the fame time, bearing Kr by S. half S, and not long after, wc eo'ikl difcern tht wh6le cosft that Ittv be- tween them, and a little ifland at fome diftance from it. i'hc coart now in fight feemed to form fcveral rocky points, that were c«)nnedlcd by a IbW ftiore, without anv appearance of an harbour. At a diftance from the fea, many hills prclented themfelves to our view, the higheft of which were involved in (howj in other rcfpefts. the whole country had a naked afjiccl. At fevcn o'clock in the evening, two points of tend beyond the eaftem head, opened off it in thcdircdion of .S. -^7 deg. E. Captain Cook was now convinced of what he had before imagined, that this was the country of the' Tfchutfki, or the nonh-eattcrn coaft of Alia ; and that Bcering had proceeded thus far in the year 17:8; that is, to this head, which, according to Muller, is denominated Serdze Kamen, on account of a raclc upon it, that is of the (igurc of a heart. There are indeed many high rocks on this cape, fome one or other of which may [Krhaps be ftiaped like a heart. It isa promontory of tolerable height, with a fteep rocky cliH" fronting the fea. Its fat. is 67 deg. 3 min. N. ahd its long. 1 88 deg, i j min. E. To the K. of it the <;oaft is Hcvated and cold ; but to the W. it is low, and extends N. W. by W. and N. N. W. and it is nearly of the fame diredion all the way to Cape North. The depth of water is every where tht fartie at an equal diftance from the ftiorc; and this is likewifc the cafe on the oppofite coart of America. The greatcft dqith we mer wil<^, «« Mt raneed along it. was 33 fiithoms. Duting the night, or m tliick foggy weather, the fpundrn« itc ho badgmde to thofe who faa, along either of ihefc coafts. On the ad, at eight .^it^e-tnornmg, the moft advanced land to the fouth- PlJtWard, bore S, a^ deg. E. and, from thu particuhirj point of view, had an iiifuhir appearance, iiiit th« thick ftiowcrs of fnow that fell in quick fuccelTionf and fettled on the land, concealed from our liglu ai this time a great part of the coaft. In a ftioit tiino after, the fun, which wc had not fecn for near five days, broke out during the intervals between the ftiow- crs, by which means the coaft was in fome degred freed from the fog, (o that wc obtained a fijLiht of it« and found that the whole was conncded. Ihc wind was ftill northerly, the air was cold, and the mercury in the thermometer did not rife above 35 deg. and was fomctimcs not higher than jo deg. At 1 2 o'clock our lat. was 66 deg. 37 min. N. Cape Scidze Kanu-it was la or 13 teajjues diftant, bearing N./<;2 deg. VV. the nioft foutheily fxiint of land that we had in our light; bore S. 41 deg. IL our foundings ucre ai la.* thorns ; and the diftance of the ncareft part of the llioro was al«)ut two leagues. The weather was now fai' and bright ; and us we \t ere rani;lng along the coaft, we faw feveral of the natives and foine of their dwel- ling-places, which had the appearance of hillocks of earth. In the courfe of the evening we pafted the Eartern Cape, or the point before-iiieniioncd; from which the coaft tren.ls lu the fmth-ucftward. This is the fame point uf laiiil that we had palled on the i ith of the precediii}.; month. Thofe who gave credit to Mr. StvL'hlin's map, then fuppolbd it to be the callcrii I point of his ifland .\laft hkaj but we were by this time convinced, that it is no other than the eaftcsni pro- montory (it Alia; and perhaps it is the upjier Tfchukot- Ikoi Nofs, though the promontory which received that n.tmc from Beeriiig, i;> lituatcd further towards t^e S. VV, Muller, in his map ot the difcoveries of the Ruf- fians, places, the Tfchukotfkoi Nofs nearly in the lat. of 75 deg, N. and extends it fomewhat to the caftward of this cape. But Captain Cook was of opinion, that he had nogooil authority tor fo doing. Indeed his own, or rather Demneft's, account of the diftance between the river Anadir and the Nofs, cannot well be reconciled with fo northerly a pofition. For he fay.s, that with the moft favourable wind, a perfon may go by fea from the NoHi to the river Anadir in three whole days, and that the journey by land is very little longer. But Captain Cook, having hopes of vifiting thefc parts a- gain, deferred the difcuftion of this point to another opportunity. In the mean tinui, however, he con- cluded, as Becring had done before him, that this was the eafternmoft point of all Alia. U >^ ^ pcninfula of confidcrable elevation, joined to the continent by a very low and apparently n.irrow ifthmus. It has next the fea, a fteep rocky clifl, and off the verj point are feveral rocks refembling fpires. It ftand.s in the long. of 1 90 deg. 22 min. E. and in the lat. of 66 deg. 6 min. N. and is 13 leagues diftant, in the direction uf N. 53 deg. VV. from Cape Prince of Wales, on the coaft of .\iuerica. The land about this promontory confifts of valleys dnd hilU. The former terminate at the fea in low ftiores, and the latter in fteep rocky points. The hills appeared like naked rocks 1 but the valleys, though dcrtitutc of tree or (brub, were of a grecnifti hue. Havinc; paffed the Cape, wc ftecrcd S. VV. half W. towards tnc northern point of St. Lawrence's Bay, in whicii our fliips had anchored on the loth of Augulh We Kfiched it by eight o'clocit the following moining, and faw fome of the natives at the place where v e had before feen them, as well a* others on the oppoftte fide of the bay. Not one of them, however, came off to xa, which was rather rrmarkablci as the weather was fufticicntly favourable, and as thofe whom wc had lately vilitcd had no rcafon to be'difpleafcd with us. Thcfe people are certainly the Tfchutlki, whom the Rulfiaiis had not hitherto fubducds though it is nunifcft; that they muft carry on a traffic with the latter, either diredlly, or by the interpofttion of , fome naighbquring naiionj as their being ii> pofleftionL Itantly met with (hoal water. This part of the coun- try is extremely naked and h'lly. In fevcral places on the lower grounds, next the fea, were the habitations of the natives, near all of which were ercdled ftagcs of bones, like thofe before-mentioned. This dav, at noon, our lat. wu 64 dec. 38 min. N. and pur long. 188 deg. 15 min. E. the neareft part of the (hore was at the diftance of three or four leagues; and the mod fouthern point of the continent in light, bore S. 48 dcg. W. By this time the wind hiui veered to the N. and Mew a light breeze; the weather was clear, and the air (harp. The Commodore did not think proper to follow the dire(flion of the coaft, as he perceived that it inclined wellward towards the gulph of Anadir, into which he had no motive for going. He therefore fteered a ibuthcrly courfe, that he might have a flght of the ifle of St. Lawrence, which had been difcovered by Beering. This ifland was qiiickly feen by us, and at eight in the evening it hure S. ao deg. E. fuppofed to be at the diilance of 1 1 iragucs. The m(^ foutherly point of the main land was at that time 1 2 leagues diftant, bearing S. 8j deg. W. Capuin Cook conjectured, that this was the point which ts called by Beering the cafkrn point of Suchot(ki, or Cape Tfchukotlkoi 1 an appellation which \^e gave it with fome propriety, becaufe the natives, ^^ho .(aid they were ot the nation of the' Tfchut(ki, -rame otf to him from this part of the coaft. Its lat. IS 64 deg. 13 min. N. and its long. 186 deg. 36 min. E. I'hc more the Captain was convinced of his being ut prefent upon the Afutic coall, the more he was at "a lofs to reconcile his obfervations with Mr. Stsehlin's map of the New Northern Archipelago; and he could find no other method of accounting for fo important a diflTerence, than by fuppeling that he had miflaken fome part of what Mr. Stzhlin denominates the ifland nt ^lafchka for the continent of America, and had niiircd the channel b^ which they arc fcprated. Bat even on that fuppofition there wouM-ftill have becrt a ronliderable variation. The Captain confidciicd it m in atibir of fome con(cquence to clear up this point during the prefent feafon, that he might have only YMie oBjcd in view in the following one. And as the(e northerly iflands were faid to abound with wood, he had tome hopes if he (hotftd find them, of procuring a competent fuppljr of that article, of which we ,b^an TO (hnd in great need. With this view he fleered over for the coaH of A nerica; and the next day, about live o'clock in the aft' oon, land was feen bearing S. three quarters E. which wc imagined- watiAiidenon's If Ifland. or fome other land near it. On Sunday, the. ith, at four in the morning, we had a fight ol the^ American coaft, near Sledge Ifland; and at lix in the evening of the fame day, that ifland was at the diflance of about ten leagues, bearing N. 6 dcg. E. ami the inoft eafterly land in view bore N. 49 deg. K. If any part of what Captain Cook had conjcdtured to be the coaft! of the American continent, could poflibly be the ifland of Alafchka, it was that now in (ight; in which cafe ,10 muft have miflcd the channel between it and the main land, by fleering towards the W. inftead of th« E. after he had (irlt fallen in with it. He was, there*, fore, at no lofs where to go, for the purpolc of clearing up thcfe doubts. On the 7th, at eight o'clock in the evening, wc had made a near approach to the land. Sledge Ifland bore N. 85 deg. W. about eight leaguca diltant; and the caflern part of the coafl bore N. o deg. E. with elevated land in the diredion of £. At this time we perceived a light on (hore, and two canoes with people in them, came ofl^ towards us. We brought to, in order to give thcin time to ap. proach ; but they refifled all our tokens of amity, and kept at the diflance of a quarter of a mile. Wc therefore left them, and proceeded along the coaft. The next morning, at one o'clock, obfcrving thu'. the water flioalcd pretty fafl, wc anchored in ten fathoms, and remained in that fltuation till day-light came on. We then weighed, and purfucd our couiTc along the coafl, which trended E. and E, half S. At levcn o'clock in the evening we were abrcafl of a point, fltiu ated in the long, of 1 97 deg. E. and in the lat. of 64 deg. 21 min. N. beyond which the coaft aflumes 4 more northerly dire<5lion. At eight this point, which received the appellation of Cape Darby, bore S. 62 deg. W. the mofl northern land we had in view, bore N. 32 deg. E. and the diflance of the neareflpart of the Ihore was one league. In this fltuation wc let go our an- chors in thirteen fathoms, over a muddy bottom. On Wcdncfday the 9th, at break of day, wc weiKhc^. and made fail along the coafl. Wc now faw land, which we fuppofed to be two iflands; the one bearing E. the other S. 70 deg. E. Not long afterwards, wc found ourfelves near a coafl covered with wood; a plcafing fight, to which we had not been lately accuf- tomed. As we advanced northward, land was fccn in the diredion of N. E. half N. which proved a conti- nuation of the coafl, upon which we now were: wc like- wife perceived high land over the iflands, apparently, at a confiderable diflfinc^ beyond them. This was ima- gined to be the coatinent, and the other land the ifle of Alafchka ; but it wasalrcady a matter of doubt, whether we (hould difcovcr a paflage between them, for the water graduaUy (hoi|lodj as we proceeded further to- wards the N. In confequencc of^ this, two boats were difpatched a-head to (ound ; and the Commodore ordered the Difcovcry, as (he drew the leart water, to lead, keeping nearly in the middle channel, between the coafl and the mofl northerly iflands In this man- ncr we continued our courfe, till three o'clock in the afternoon, when, having palfed the ifland, our found- ings did not exceed three fathoms and a half, and the Kefolution once brought the mud upfrom the bottom. In no part of the channel could a greater depth of water be Lund, though wc had founded it from one fide to the other; we tncrebre deemed it high time to return. At this time a head-land on the wcftern flioic, to which the name of Bald-head was .given, was about one league diflant, bearing N. by W. The coaft e«- tended lieyond it as far as N. K. by N. where it ap- peared to terminate in a poin(^; behind wjjich the coaft of the high land that was feen over the iflands fti etched itfelf. The (hore on the weftcrn fide of Bald-head, forms a bay, in the bottom of which is a beach, where wc perceived many huts of the n?itivc». W^ coniiniTcJ to ply b»ck during the whole night, and by ^aj^^.tprcak on the loth had deepened our water lix fatl^ipms. At nine o'clock, when we were about three miljBS from the W, fliorc. Captain Cook, accompanied by Mi;..Kmg, went with two boats in fearch of wood and water., fney landed in that part, where the coaft projcds ii^to/j^ Wj^ff COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 565 It nday, the, lu 6i the fix in the c didiince I the moil any |}art the coaft theiiland vhich cafe and the ad of th^ ra«, there*, if clearing ock in the the land. It leagues bore N. A'loa of E. fliorc, and owardi ui. me to ap> amity, and nile. Wc the coaft. ig that the en fatliouM, came on. along the At Tevcn point, fitiu le iat. of 64 afluines ^ oint, which ■e S. 62 deg. bore N. 32 of the Ihore go our an- )ottom. wc wcishe^t faw land, one bearing rrwardi, wc th woods a lately accuC i was fcen in ived a conii- ere:wclike- , apparently, his was ima- ind the ide of ubt, whether lem. for the d further to- o boats were Commodore art water, to lel, between In this man. clock in the I, our found- half, and the ic bottom. In ;pth of water t one fide to me to return, ern fliore, to n, was about rhe coaft e«- whcre it a|»- hich the coaft andsAietchcd }f Bald-head, beach, where W^ continiTcJ by ^a}»-,lj)reak fatlpipmt. At niics front the by Ms; King, d water.. They head, compofed of perpendicular ftrataof a dark blue rock, intermixed with glimmer and quartz. Adjoining to the beach is a narrow border of land, which was at this time covered with long grafs, and where they ob- ferved (bme angelica. The ground beyond this, rifes with fome abruptncfsi towards the top of this eleva- tion they found a heath, that abounded with berries of various kinds : further onward the country was rather level, and thinly covered with fmall fpruce trees, birch, •nd willows. They faw the tracks of foxes and deer upon the beach, in many parts of which, there was a great abundance of drift wood: there was alfo no want of frclh water. Our gentlemen and their attendants having returned on board, the Commodore had thoughts of brmging the Ihips to an anchor here; but the wind thin Uniting to N. E. and blowing rather on this (hore, he ftretchcd over to the oppoiite one, expeding to hnd wood there likewife. At eight in the evenmg, we an- chored near the fouthem end of the molt northerly idand, for fuch we then imagined it to be. The next iiiornmg, however, wc found that it was a peninfula, connepe Denbigh was about 36 tailes diftant, bear- ing S. 7a deg. E. Bald-head was nine leagues otf, in the direction of N. 60 deg. E. and the illand near the eaitern ihore, S. of Ca(K Denbigh, named by Captain Cook, belboruugh Ifland, was 1 $ leagues diftant, bear- ing S. J 2 deg. L. This being a very open road, and tlurcfore not a lecure ftation for the Ihips, the Commo- dore rcfolved not to wait till our (lock of water was complet'^'d, as that would take up fome time; but only b> furnilh both fliips w ith wood, and afterwards to feck No. 69. a more cdtnmodious place for the former article. Our pebple carried off the drift-wood that lay on the beach, and performed that bufmefs with great expeditions for,as the wind blew along the fliore, the boats were enabled to fail both ways. In the afternoon Captain Cook went on fliore, and took a walk into the country, which in thofe parts where there wu no wood, abouhded with heath, and other plants, feveral of which had plenty of berries, all ripe. Scarce a fingle plant was in flower. The underwooif fuch as birch, alders, and willows, oc- cafioned walking to be very troublefome among tiie trees, which were all fpruce, and none of whicn ex- ceeded feven or eight inches in diaibetert but fome were obferved lying on the beach, that were above twice that fize. All the drifuwood that we faw in thefe nor- thern parts was Br. Sunday the i jth, a family of the natives came near the foot where our people were occupied in taking off wood. The Captain faw only the hulband and wife, and their child, betides a fourth perfon, whq. was the mod deformed cripple he had ever feen. The hufliand was nearly blind, and neither he, nor his wife, were fuch well-looking people as many of thofe whom we had met with on this coaft. Both of them had their lower lip* perforated ; and they were in poflcflion of fomc glaiS' beads, rcfembling thofe we had feen before among their neighbours. Iron was the article thatpleafed them moft. For four knives which had been formed out of «n old iron-hoop, the Captain obtained from them near four hundred pounds weight oftifti.that had been latelycaught by thcin. Some ot thefe were trout, and others were, with rifpcd to tize and tafte, fomewhat between a herring and a mullet. The Captain gave a few beads to the child, who was a female; upon which the mother immediately biirft into tears, then the father, next after him the cripple, and at laft, to add the iinifltiing ftroke to the concert, the child herfelf This mufic, however, was not of long duration. Mr. King had on the pre- ccdinq; day been in company with the fame family; His account of this interview is to the following pur- port : While he attended the wooding party, a canoe tilled with natives approached, out of which an elderly man and woman (the huiband and wife above-men- tioned) came atliors. Mr. King prefented a fmall knife to the woman, and promifed to give her a much lar^r one in exchange for fome fifli. She made fiens to him to follow her. After he had proceeded with them a- bout a mile, the man fell down as he was crofllng a ftony beach, and happened to cut his foot very much. This occafioned Mr. King to ftop; upon which the wo- man pointed to her hulband's eyes, which were covered with a thick whitifti film. He afterwards kept clofe to his wife, who took care to apprize him of the obftacles in his way. The woman had a child on her back, wrapped up in the hood of her jacket. After walking about two miles, they arrived at an open fkin-boat, which was turned on one fide, the convex part towards the wind, and was made to ferve for the habitatipn of this family. Mr. King now performed a remarkable o- Keration on the man's eyes. He was firft clefired to old his breath, then to breathe on the diftempered eyes, and afterwards to fpit on them. The woman then took both the hands of Mr. King, and prefTing them to the man's ftomach, held them there for fome time, while (he recounted fome melancholy hiftory refpcdin^ her family: fometimcs pointing to her huiband, fome- times to her child, and at orher times to the cripple, who was related to her. Mr. King purchafed all the fifli they had, which confifled of excellent falmon, fal- mon-trout, and mullet. Thefe fifli were faithfully de- livered to the perfon he fent for them. The woman was ftiort and fquat, and her vifage was plump and round. She wore a jacket made of deer fkin, with a large hood, and had on a pair of wide boots. She was pundurcd from the lip to the chin. Her huiband was well made, and about five feet two inches in height. His hair was black and ihort, and he had but little beard. His complexion was of a light copper cafl. He had two holes in his lower lip, in which, however, he had no ornaments. The teeth of both of them were y 7 D ■ black, ^\r V^ v\\ 566 Capt. C O O K'8 VOYAGES COMPLETE, i f'.'f t black, and appeared at if they had been filed down level with theguini. Ucfrrenishc, on Sunday the i^th, we had antpiv Air- nidicd the fliipi with wood, and had conveyed on Doard about a dozen tont of water to each. On the 14th a party wa> detached on fliore to cut broomi, and like- wife the branches of fpruce-tree* for brewins beer. About twelve o'clock all our people were taKen on board, for the wind frelhening had raifcd fo heavy a furf on the beach, that our boati could not continue to land w ithout extreme difficulty and danger. Ai doubti were ftill entertained whether the coaft, upon which we now were, belonged to an ifland, or to the continent of America, lieutenant King was difpatched by the Commodore, with two boats, well manned ami armed, to make fuch a fcarch as mu);ht tend to remove all dif- ference of opinion on the fubjcifb. He was inftruiflcd to proceed towards the north as far as the extreme point feen on Wcdncfday the qth, or a little further, if he (hould find it necelTary 1 to land there, and, from the heights, endeavour to difcover whether the land he was then upon, imagined to be the idaiid of Aiafchka, was really an ifland, or was conneAed with the land to the raftward, fuppofcd to be the American continent. If it proved to be an ifland, he was to examine the depth of water in the channel between it and the continent, and which way the flood tide came : but, if he (hould find the two lands united, he was to return immediately to the (hip. < lie was diredied not to be abfent longer than four or five days; and it was alfo mentioned in his inftrudlions, that, if any unforefcen^ or unavoidable accident fliould force our (hip off the coafl, the ren< dczvnut was to be at the harbour of Samganoodha. On Tuefday the 15th, the fliips removed over to the bay on the fouth caflern fide of Cape Denbigh, where we call anchor in the afternoon. Not long after, feveral of the inhabitants came off in canoes, and gave us fomc dried falmon in exchange lor trifling articles. Early the next morning, nine men, each in a (eparatc canoe, paid us a vitit, with the fole view of gratifying their curio- fity. They approacht'd the (hip with cautio.i, and drawing up abreall of each other, under our flern, fa- voured u( with a fongi w hilc one of their number made many ludicrous motions with his hands and body, and another beat upon a fort of drum. There was nothing favage, either in the fong, or the geflures with which it was accompanied. There fcemcd to be no difference, cither with refped to fizc or features, between thefe peo- ple, and thofe whom we had feen on every other part of the coalt, ex<^pt King Georges Sound. Their drefs, which chiefly confilleJ of the (kins of deer, was made after the fame mode 1 and they had adopted the practice nf perforating their lower lips, and affixing onuments to them. The habitations of^ thefe Americans were litu- ated clofc to the beach. They confift merely of a flop- ing roof, without any fide-walls, formed of logs, and covered with earth aiui grafs. The floor is likewife hid with logs. I'hc entrance is at one end, and the fire-place is jiid within it. A fmall hole iii made near ihedoorof the hut, for the purpofe of letting out the fmoke. A party of men was difpatched, this morning, to the peninfuia for brooms and fpruce. Half the re- mainder of the people of both ihip* were, at the fame rime, fjerniitrcd to go afliore and gather berries. Thefe returned on board about twelve o'clock, and the other half then landed for the fame purpofe. The berries found here were hurtle-berries, heath-berries, partridge- berries, and wild currant-berries. Captain Cook alfo went afhore himfelf, and took a walk over part of the peoinfula. He met with very good grafs in feveral places, and fcarcely obferved a iingic fpot on which fome v^tablc. was not growing. The low land by which this peninfuia is united to the continent, abounds whh narrow creeks, and likewife with pondaof water, fevemL of which were at this tiAif (roecn over. There were numbers of biiftardc and gecfe, but they were fo fliy, that it was impoflible 10 get within muf()uct-(hot of them.- Some fnipcs were aMb feen ; and, on the higher grounds, were partridges of two fpecies; where there; wai wood, mufquitoca were numerous. Some of the ofTicen, who went further into the country than Captain Cook did, met with fomc of the natives of both fexei, who treated them with civility and kind- nefi. The Commodore was of opinion, that this penin- fuia had been an ifland in fomc diflant period; for there were marks of the fea having formerly flowed over the ifthmus) ami even at prefent, it appeared to be kept out by a bank of fand, ftoncs, and wood, which the waves had thrown up. It was manifeft from this bank, that the land here encroached upon the fea, and it was not difficult to trace its gradual formation. Lieutenant King returned from his expedition about feven o'clock this evening. He had fet out at eight o'clock at night, on the 14th. The crews of the boats rowed without intermifllon towards the land, till one in the morning of the 15th. They then fet their fails, and flood acrofs the bay, which the coafl forms to the weflward of Bald-Head. They afterwards, about three o'clock, again made ufe of their oars, and, by two in the afternoon, had got within two miles of Baldi-Head, un- der the lee of the high land. At that time all the men in the boat bekmging to the Refolution, except two, were fo opprelTedwith fatigue and fleep, that Mr. King's utmofl endeavours to make them put on were perfci^ly incflcd^ual. They, at length, were fo far cx- hauflcd, as to drop their oars, and faH afleep at the bot- tom of the boat. In confequence of this, Mr. Kin^ and two gentlemen who were with him, were obliged to lay hold of the oars ; and they landed, a Tittle after three o'clock, between Bald-Head and a point that pro- jeds to the eaflward. Mr. King, upon his landing, afcended the heights, from which he could fee the two coaflsjoin, and that the inlet terminated in a fmall creek or river, before which there were banks of fand or mud, and in every part (hoal water. The land, for fomc diflance towards the north, was low and fwampy ; then it rofe in hills; and the perfedl jundlion of thole, on each fide of the inlet, was traced without the lead difliculty. From the elevated fituation in which Mr. King took his furvey of the Sound, he could difcern many fpacious valleys, with rivers flowing through them, well wooded, and bounded by hills of a mode, rate height. One of the rivers towards the N. W. feemed to be confiderable; and he was inclined to fuppofe, from its diredlion, that it difchargcd itfelf into the fea at the head of the bay. Some of hi< people, penetrating beyond this into the country, found the tree» to be of a larger fizc the further they proceeded. To this inlet Captain Cook gave the name of Norton's Sound, in honour of Sir Fletcher Norton, now Lord Grantlcv; a near relation of Mr. King. It extends northward as far as the latitude of 64 deg. 55 min. N. The bay, wherein our ftiips were now at anchor, is fituated on the fouth.eaflem fide of it, and is denominated Chacktoolc by the natives. It is not a very excellent ftation, being cxpofed to the S. and S. W. winds. Nor is a harbour to be met with in all this Sound. We were fo fortunate, however, as to have the wind from theN. E. and the N. during the whole time of our continuance here, with very fine weather. This afforded an opportunity of making a great number of lunar obfervations, the mean refult of which gave ro7 deg. 13 min. E. as the longitude of the anchoring plaee on the weftem-fidc of the Sound, while its lati- tude was 64 deg. 31 min. N. With refpeft to the tides, the night flood rofe two or three feet, and the day flood was fcarcely perceivable. Captain Cook being now pcHeflly convinced, that Mr. Stehlin's nup was extremely erroneous, and having rellored the continent of AnKrica to the fpace which that gentleman had oc- cupied with his imaginary ifland of Aiafchka, thought it now high time to quit thefe northerly regions, and retire tofome place for the winter, where he might ob- tain proviftons and refrefhment*. He did not confider l^nropaulowfka, or the harbour of St. Peter nnd St. Paul in Kamtfchatka, as likely to furnifh a fufficient fupply. He had likewife other rcafons for not going thfther at prefent; the principal of which was, his great unwillingnefs to remain inadlive for fix or feven months, which would have been the confequence of pafling the winter nuy than nitivcx of and kind- thii penin' di for there :d over the c kept out the wavea bank, that it wai not tion about It at eight r the bontfl id, till one their faiiii. Him to the about three two in the Head, im- all the men xcept two, that Mr. it on were e fo far eX' at the bot> Mr. King, ere obliged 1 Tittle after nt that pro- is landing, fee the two ifmali creek of fand or e land, for id fwampv; ion of thofe, nit the lead which Mr. ould difcern ing through of a mode. 1 the N. W. inclined to hargcd itfclf iome of his he country, the further I Cook gave Sir Fletcher ition of Mr. atitudcof 64 ips were now n fide of it, itivcs. It is to the S. and t with in all rr, as to have ^ the whole me weather, ^eat number which gave he anchoring irhile in iati- fpcd to the , and the day Cook being n's map was he continent ■man had oc- ika, thought regions, and he might ob- not confider cter and St. I a fufficient }r not going was, his great even months, if pafling the wmtcr w m '.' i 1 n t. 1 III 1"! f H fflHI ■:■■'• liM^H>a '5:: ; ^^^InJI ..*■ ■ i 1 I' I'll f ^ ^ ^ b .0 Uc/j ii r o i :l li'i i. i m || ii K ftz! I, ^l 'fc ml: i 1 1^ '< fflL f i>. I .L o nts,^!,|i;,i.ir : i 4 f IP ^ 5, f. ' ' III • • , . ■ J y f COUK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAOK— lo thel'Acll-a 1)1 wimer in iitf (fT theft mmhern cnuntrla. He ai length condudeil. (hit no fttuiiiMm wm (b ronvmienc for our KuruoTc u the Sandwich llUndi. To them, therefore, e rormed a reMutinn of reoairinR. But a fupply of water beii^ ncccflkrv bcfiMt he could execute that lie Jlgn, he determinca, with a view of pmruring (hi< cf- mtiial article, to fearch the coolt of America fcrr a ha.- bour,by priKceiilna along it to (he ftnithward. If he Ihould not nteet with Ibrcrfi in that frarch, hit inten- tion wai to reach Samgannodha, which wai appointed for our place of rendexvoiii, in cife the (hipi fhaulA happen to feparate. On ThurUay, the i^rh. in the morning we weighed tnchor with a light caftrrly brrere, and (leering to the I(>uthwaril,atu-iii{icei1 to pafi within Befbomngh Iflanifi but, thoMgh it ii lix or fevcn milei diftant fVom the con- kiAcnt, we were prevented, by meeting with (hoal wa- ter. Having but little wind all the day, we did not pafi that idand before it wai dark i and the night wai fpent under an eafy fail. On the i Htli; at day nreak; we re- fumed our progrefi along the coaft. At noon, oqr founding! were no mnre than Ave fathom*. Befborougfh Idand, at thii time, bore N. 41 deg. E. the moft fou- iherly bud in nght, which alfo proved to be an ifland, bore S. 66 deg. W. the pafTagc between it and the ron- t'tDfni, wai in the dircaion of S. 40 deg. W. and the neikrell land wai at the diltKnce of abmit two milei. Wc continued to (leer for this palThfire, till the boats which were a-head made the iignal for having no more than three fatluimi water. In cnnfcquencc of thi«. we hauled without the idand, anddifplaycd the fignal for the Refolutioti'i boat to keep between the Ihorc and the (hipi. Thii Ifland, to Which the name of Stuart'i Idand wai given, lie* in tlifc latitude of 61 deg. 35 min. N. and ii 1 7 Icaguci didunt from Cap« benbigh. in the dircdion of S. 17 dec. W. It ik (nt or feven leagues in circumference. 1 notigh fome parta of it arc of a moderate height, vet Jn general, it ii low, with (bmc rocki off the wertern part. The grrateft part of the coaft of the continent is low land, but we perceivnl highland up the country. It formi a point, oppofift the idand, which w.is dill ingiii died by the name of Cape Stephens, and 11 dtuatrd in the latitude of 63 dec. n min. N. and in the lonuitudc of 197 deg. 41 mm. K. Some drift wooti was obiervcd on the du>res, both of the ifland and nf the continent 1 but not a (ingic tree was Icen growing upon cither. VcflTcIs might anchor, upon iKcalion, between the continent and the N. E. fide of this ifland, in a ilepth of five fathomi, (heltercd from the eafterly, wcdcrly, and fuutherly windi. But this nation would be entirely expofed to tne northerly windi, the land, in that diredion, being too remote to afford any fecurity. Bcfcre we reached Stuart'a Ifland, we paflTcd two little idandi, fituatc between us and the main land 1 and as wc ranged along the coaft, feveral of the natives made their appearance upon the Ihore, and, by finns, fecmcd to invite us to approach. Wc were no fooner without the idand, than we fleered S. by W. for the moll fuuthern part of the con- tinent in fight, till eight in the evening, when, the depth of water having dccrcafed from fit fathoms to lets than four, wc ticked and flood to the northward into five fathoms, ami tlicn pafp;d the night In (binding oir and on. At the time wc tacked, the routhcrmnoR point of land above mentioned, which wc named Point Shallow Water, bore S. half E. at the diftance of feven leagues. On the 1 9th, at d^y break, wc rcfumed our fogthcrlycourfej but flioal water foon obliged u» to haul more to the wcflward. Wc wctt at lehgtli fo far adv.jnced upon the b^nk, that wc could hot hold a N. N. W. courfe, aa wc fimictimes met with only four fa- thoms. The wind blowing frcfh at E. N. E. it was now high time to endeavour to find a greater depth of water, and to quit a cwjt, upon which we could nO longer nivigatc with fafctv. ' Wc thefeforii hauted the wind to the northwiird.and tKft witter gradually increafod in depth to eight fatbomn. At! this tmv, wc \yerc aboit ; twelve leaEucs diflont fromtfws coiiti*:nt. and ni;nti to thf U, of Stuart's Iflaad. We faw^ no land to the touUiward of Pomt Shallow Watif. wWA Cajftilh i Cook judged to lie in the latitude of 6 1 deg. N. lib 'hat bet wren Ihia latitude ami Hhoal Ncfs, in latuutk to U ^, ihccoafl has not tK-en explored. It ii probably accv. • (ibic only to Ikmis, or very finali vcllirls 1 or, if (here nrechanoeli for veirrliof greater iiMgnitrde, it would require fom- time to fimi inen». Irom th' mall head, (hcfea within ii« ap}>earrJ tobtcheiouereJ i»iiii liioaUi (he water was vt-ry miidily and diilitlmired, and iiiuch frefher than at any of the places where our lliips had lately anchored, f'ntm this we inferred, that a cnnli- dernnl'- ri' er nins into the fra, in this unexploic/l |wrt. After lid got into right fathomi water, wc ileercd to the wcdward. and afterwards more foutherly, for the landdifiover«l«yu«on the 5th of Sc|iifml)rr, which at noon on the joth, Iwrr S. W.by W. at the diflance of ten or eleven leaguts. Wc had now a frcfli gale at N. and, at intervals, (howrr% of hail and fnow, ^*lth a pretty high fea. To tl»c lanil before us, the Coinmo* dore gave the ap|iellaii(m of c Icrltc'* Itland. It (>>indi in the laritudcof 63 deg. 1 $ in in. and in the longitude of 190 deg. 30 min. It leentrd ro be an ifland of^ con- fiderable cxfenf , in which arc l°e%eni! hills, all ennnrtiici by k)w groiiml, fn that it look*, at a diilamr, like a grouo of idanilt here he ended his life, and from whence the remainder of h^ fliip's crew brought back fpeciment of its valuable furs, the Ruffians would probably have undertaken no future voyages, which could lead them to make difcoveries in this Tea, towards the American coafl. Indeed, after hit time, their mininry fcem to have paid lefs attention to this objcc'l; and for what difcoveries have been fince made, wc arc principally indebted to the enterprizing fpirit of private merchants, encouraged, however, by the fuperintending care of the court of Peterlburg. I'he three RulTians having renuined all night with the Commodore, vifited Capuin Gierke the following morning, uiui then departed, perfcdiy fatisficd with the reception tiicy had met with. They promifed to re- turn in a few days, and briiw with them a chart of the iflands fituatc between Kamtfchatka and Oona- lallika. In the evening of the 14th, while Captain Cook and Mr. Webber were at a village, not far from Samganoodha, a Ruffian landed there, who proved to be the principal pcrfon among his countrymen in thii and the.adjaient ifles. His name was Erafim Grego- rioff Sin Ifiuyloff. He arrived in a canoe that carried three perbns, attended by twenty or thirty finaller < a- noes, each conduiflcd by one man. Immediately after landing, they conl\ruAcd a fnnall tent for Ifmylof}j of materiaii which they had brought with them, and they afterwards nnade others for themfelves, of their ca- noes and paddles, which they covered with grafs. If- mylolf having invited the Captain and Mr. Webber into his tent, fct before them fome dried falmon and berries^ He appeared to be a man of fenfc; and the Capuin felt no linall mortification in not being able to converfe with him, cxce|M by ft^ns, with the afliftancc of figures, and other charaders. The Captain requcflcd him to favour him with his company on board the next day, and accordingly he came with all his atfndanri. lie had indeed moved into the neighbotirhood of our Ration, for the exprcfs purpofe of waiting upon us. The Commodore was in hopes of receiving from him the chart which his three countrymen had promifed, W he was difa^pointed. However. IfmylotF afliired lim be ihould have it, and he kept his word. The - ^ Cspraln hid fomt |f about JO lerMarter hitelligcnt jgive ui all 'ant of an lunderftand k& know- had made Idircoverici lyBeering, lu not the ihlin'i map ^n Capuin :hcr placci le had Tccn anrwcring rer upon a [d« ate laid fcarch of ic Captaio that they if America, One of ing in hii been very in, he had was greater ent pcrfon, lie trade in Hit, and its cadward of the fccond lofc misfor- hcncfit to ian empire, ally carried ere he ended >f his fliip's }le furs, the n no future ifcoveries in ndced, after cfs attention /e been fince entcrprizing however, by Petcrfburg. ght with the IC following [icd with the inifcd to re- i a chart of and Oona- lile Captain wt far from proved to ^men in this )(im Grego- that carried ' finaller ca- diately after Ifmylof}^ of them, and , of their ca- ll grafs. If- ir. Webber falition and ifc; and the teing able to Ite adiftance in requefted ard the next 1 atfndanrs. hood of our ig upon us. g from him id promifed, ylon aiTured word. The Oprain Mil »;i.:. :t I'M i 11 1 1'. * ^ r t «! i ■ COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, te. 569 Captain found him very well acauainted wiih the rco- graphy of thofe parts, and with all the difcovcrics which had been made in this quarter by the Ru peditloni and, according to his account, they did not proceed farther than the Tfchukotfl(oi Nofs, or rather than St. Lawrence's Bay ; for he pointed on our chart to the very place where Captain Cook landed. From thence he faid they went to an ifland in the lat. of 63 deg. N. upon which they did not land. He did not recoiled the name of that ifland; but the Captain conjcftured, that it was the fame with that to which the appellation of Gierke's Ifland had been given. To what place Synd repaired afterwards, or in what parti- cular manner he employed the two years, during which, according to Ifmyloif, hit refearches lalled, he was ci- ther unable or unwilling to inform us. Perhaps he did not comprehend our enquiries on this point ; and yet, jn almolt every other thin^, we found means to make him underftand us. This mclined us to fufpedt, that he had not really been in this expedition, notwith- ftanding what he had aflcrted. Not only Ifmyloif, but ulfo the others affirmed, that they were totally un- acquainted with the American continent to the north- ' ward; and that neither Lieutenant Synd, nor any other Rudian, had fccn it of late years. They called it by the fame name which Mr. Stxhiin has affixed to his large idand, that is Alafchka. According to the in- formation we obtained from Ifinyioft" and his country- men, the Ruffians have made fcvcral acteiiipts to gain a footing ujwn that part of rhc North American con- tinent, that lies contiguous to Oonalaflika and the adja- cent itlunds, but have conllantly been repulfcd by the inhabitants, whom tiiey reprefcnt as a very treacherous people. They made mention of two or three Captains, or chief men, who had been niiirdcred by them; and fomc of the Ruffians iliewed us wounds, which they de- clared they had received there. Ifniylortallb informed m, that in theyear 177.^, an expedition had been undertaken into the Vrozen Ocean in (ledges, over the i( f, to three large iflnnds that arc (ituatc oppofitc the mouth of the river Kovyma. But a voyage which he faul he himfclf had pcrfirmcd, engaged our attention more than any other. He told us that on the 12th of May, 1771, he failed from Holchcretzk, in Kamtfchatka, in a Ruffian vcirdroMaicckan, one of the Kurileiflands, where there is an harbour, and a Ruffian fettleinent. I'rom this ifland he proceeded 10 Japan, where his continuance appears to have been but fluirt ; tor, as foon as the J.i- panefe knew that he and his companions profeflcd the Chriftian faith, they made figns for them to depart ; but did not, fo far as we could undcrfland him, offer any infult or violence. From Japan he repaired to Canton, in China; and from thence, in a French fhip to France. He then travelled to Pcterlburgh, and was afterwards fent out again to Kamtfchatka. We could not learn what became of the vcflcl in which he firft embarked, nor what was the principal intention of the voyage. His being unable to fpcak one word of the French language, rendered this flory rather fuf- picious; he fccmed clear, however, as to the times of his arrival at the different places, and of his departure from them, which he put down in writing. The next morning (Friday the 16th} he offered Captain Cook a fea-otter (kin, which he laid was worth 80 roubles at Kamtfchatka. The Captain, however, thought proper to decline the offer; but accepted of fomc dried filh, and fevcral bafl prehended all the difcovcrics that the Ruffians had made to the caffward of Kamtfchatka, towards Ame- rica. That p«rt of the American coaft, with which Tfcherikoff fell in, is laid down in this chart betw ceii the lat. of 58 deg. and 58 and an half deg. N. and 75 dcp. of caltcrn long, from Okotik, or a 1 8 and an half deg. from Greenwich; and the place where Beering anchored in 59 and an half deg. of lat. and 63 and an half deg. of long, from Okotik, or 207 deg. from Green- wich. To fay nothing of the long, which may, from feveral caufes, be erroneous, the lat. of the coalt difco- vered by Beering and Tfcherikoff, particularly that parC of it which was difcovered by the latter. Jitters confi- derably from Mi. Mullcr's chart. Whether the chart now produced by Ifmyloff, or that of Mullcr, be moft erroneous in this rcfpeft, it may be dirticult to deter- mine. According to Ifmylolf's account, neither the number nor the lituation of the iflands which are dif- pcrfed between J2 deg. and 55 deg. of lat. in the fpace between Kamtfchatka and America, is properly afccr- tained. He flruck out about a third of them, alFuring us that they did not exift; and he conUdcrably altered the fituatior, of others, which he faid was nece*^ary, from the obfervations which he himfelf had made; and there was no reafon to entertain a doubt about this. As thcfe iflands arc nearly under the fame parallel, different na- vigators, rnifled by their different reckonings, might eafily tjiifiakc one ifland, j cluftcr of iflands for ano- ther; and imagine they had made a new difcovcry, when they had only found old ones; in a pofition fome- what different from that which their former vifitors had adigned to them. The ifles of St. Theodore, St. Ste- phen, St. Abraham, St. Macarius.Sedudlion Ifland, and fevcral others, which arc rcprefented in Mr. Muller's chart, were not to be found in this no., produced to us ; nay, Ifmyloff and the other Ruffians alTured Cap- tain Cook, that they had been frequently fought for without cil'cA. Ncverthclefs, it is difficult to believe, that iMr. Muller could place them in his chart without fome authority, Captain Cook, however, confiding in the teftimony of thefc people, whom he thought com- petent witncffes, omitted them in his chart; and made fuch corredions refpcding the other iflands. as he had reafon to think were neccllafy. We fliall now proceed to give fome account of the ifland.s, beginning with thofe which are nearcli to Kamtfchatka, and computing the long, from the hare hour oj Petropaulowrtca, in the bay of Awatlka. TThe '"■-'I is Becring's idand, in 55 deg. of northern lat. aiid 6 deg. of eadern long. At the diftancc of 10 leagus* from the fouthern extremity of this, in the dircdlio of E by S. or E, S. E. (lands Maidenoi Oftroff, or ,ie Copper Idand. The next ifland is Atakou, in the lat. of 52 deg. 45 min. and in the long, of 15 deg. or 16 deg. The extent of this ifland is about 1 8 Icigues in the dircdlion of E. and W. and it is perhaps the fame land which Beering fell in with, and to which he gave the name of Moiint St. John. We next come to a cluftcr of fix or more iflandi^ 1 two of which, Amluk and Atghka, are of conlidcrable extent, and each of them 7 E has 57° Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. Ml; m m'> W}- 1 iMu r' 'Ml has a ecxxl harbour. The middle of this (;roup lies in the lac. of 5 2 dcg. 30 min. and a 8 dcg. of lone, from the bay of Awatlka, and its extent is about four degrees ih the dircdlion of E. and W. Thefc arc the iflcs that irniyloflf faid were to be removed four degices to the eiftward. In the fituation they have in Captain Cook's chart, was a gmttp, comprehending 10 httle iflands, i*hich we were informed were entirely to be ftruck outi and alfo two idands, fltuatc between them and the group to which Oonalaflika appertains. In the place of thcfc two, an idand, named Amoghta, was intro- duced. The fituation of many of thcfc iflands may, perhaps, be crroncoufly laid down. But the pofition ot the lar- geft group, of which Oonalaflika is one of the mofl confiderable iflands, is free from fuch errors. Mod of the iflands that comjwfc this cluftcr, were fcen by us; their long, and lac. were therefore determined with to- Tcrablc accurscy; particularly the harbour of Samg.i- noodha, in Oonalaflika, which mul\ be confidcred as a fixcAf poinc. This group may be faid Co extend as far as Halibut Iflcs, which are forcy leagues diflanc from Oonalaflika, towards the E. N. E. Within thefc iflcs, a pafliigo, communicating with Briflol Hay, was marked in Ifinyloft"'s chart, which convenes abouC 15 leagues of the coaft, that Ciptain Cook had fuppolcd to be part of the continenc, into an iflaiul, named Oonee- mak. This paflagc might calily cfcape us, being, as we were informed, extremely narrow, Inallow, and only to be navigated through with boats, or vclFcIs of very fmail buithcn. From the chart, as well as from the (elliiiiony of Ifinyioft'and his countrymen, it appears, thai this i'. as far as the Ruffians have w.aAc any dif- co\crics, or h.uc extended thcmfclvcs, fiiicc the time ot Bccring. They all anirmcil, that no pcrlons of that nation had fettled thcmCclves fo far to the eallwnrd, as the place where the natives gave the note to Captain Clcrkc; whiih being delivered to Ifiiiylotf for his pe- rufal, he faid, that it had been written at Oonianak. From him we procured the name of Kodiak, the laigcfl ofSihunugin's Iflands; for it ha-^ no name af- figncd to it upon the chart which he 1 "iced. It may nnt be improper to mention, that ni nics were put to the iflands which Ifmyloff faid were i. '• llruck out of the chart; and Captain Cook conliderci 'his as fome contirnwtion that they have no exiftcncc. The American continent is here called by the Ruffians, as well as by the iflandcrs, Alafchka; which appellation, though it properly belongs only to that part which is contiguous to Ooncemak, is made ufc of by them when fpeaking of the American continent in general. This is all the intelligence we obtained from thel'e people, refpcilting the geography of this part of the globe; and perhaps this was all the information they were able to give. For they repeatedly aflurcd Captain Cook, that they knew of no other iflands, befides thofe which were reprefcnted upon this chart, and that no Ruffian hail ever vifited any part of the American con- tinent to the northward, except that which is oppo- Vite the country of the TlVhutfltis. If Mr. Stichlin was not greatly impofcd upon, what coii'd induce him to pubiifli a map folingularly erroneous as his map of the New northern Archipelago, in which many of thefe iflands are jumbled together without the leafV regard to truth ? Neverthelefs, he himfcU flyles it " a vc.-y ac- " curate little map." Ifmylotl continued with us till the evening of the 21 It, when he took his final leave. Captain Cook en- 'trufled to his care a letter to the Ix)rds of the .\dmi- ralty, endofing a chart of all the northern cailh wc had vifited. Ifmylotf f^.id there would be an oppor- tiflnJky'tof traitfmitting it to K,amtrchacka, or Okotlk, in (b^e^od-fc of ;hc fucceeding fpring; and that it would t)c at Petcrlburg the tolloving winter. He gave the Captain a letter to Major Bchm, Governor ot Kamtf- chatka, who refides at Uolcheretik, in that pcninfulai and another to the commanding officer at Pctropi"- llowlka. This gentleman feemed to pjiffcfs abilitic that might entitle him to a higher flation than that m which wc found him. He had confiderable knowledge in alironomy, and in the moll ufeful branches of the mathematici. Captain Cook made him a prcfent of an Had ley'* otfhntt and though, perhaps, it was the firlt he had ever fcen, he very quickly made himfelf ac- quainted with mod of the ufes to which that inllru- mcnt can be applied. Thurfday the aid, in the morning, we made an at- tempt to get out to fea, with the wind at S. E. but did not fucceed. In the afternoon of the a-jd, wc wert vifited by one Jacob Ivanovitch Sopofnicoit, a Kuflian, who commanded a fmall veflel at Oomanak. I'hit man feemed very modeft, and would drink no (trong li(]uor, of which the other Ruffians, whom we had met with here, were extremely fond. He appeared to know what fupplies could be obtained at the harbour of St. Peter attd St. Paul, and the price of the various articles, more accurately than Mr. Ilmylotf. But by all accounts, every thing wc fliould have occafion to purchafe at that place, was very fcarce, and bore a high price. This man informed us, chat he was to be at Petropaulowflta in the cnfuing May; and, as we underllood, was to have the charge of Captain Cook's letter. He feemed very defirous of having fome token from the Captain to carry to Major Behm; and to gratify him, tl e Capnin fent a fmall fpying-glafs. After we had contracted an acquaintance with thefe Ruffians, feveral of our genclc- men, at different times, vifited their fettlcment on the ifland, where they always met with very friendly treat- ment. It confifled of a dwelling- houfe and two ftorc- houfcs. Befides the Ruffians, there was a number of the Kamtfchadales, and of the Oonalaftikans, as fer- vanis to the former. Some other natives of this ifland, who appeared to be independent of the Ruffians, lived at the fame place. Such of them as belonged to the Ruliians, were all of the male fex; and they arc cither taken or purchafed from their parents when young. There were ac prefcnt about twency of thefe, who could be conlidcred in no other light than as children. They all refiile in the fame houfe, the Ruffians aC the upper end, the Kamtfchadales in the middle, and the Oona- laflikans at the lower end, where is fixed a capacious boiler for preparitig their food, which principally con- fiffs of fifli, with the addition of wild roots and berries. There is no great difference between the firft and lall table, except what is produced by cookery, by which the Ruffians can make indifferent chings palatable. They drefs whale's flefli in fuch a manner as to make it vciv (^'wd eating; and they have a kind of pan-pudding of faimon-roc, beaten up fine and fried, which is a to- lerable fubnitutc for bread. They may, perhaps, oc- calionally tafte real bread, or have a difti in which flour is one of ihe ingredients. If wc except the juice of berries, which they generally fip at their meals, they drink no other liquor than pure water; and it fecms to be very fortunate for chem that they have nothing (Ironger. As the ifland furnifties them with fubfiftcncc, fo it does in fome meafure « ich clothing. This is chiefly compofcd of fltins. The upper garment, which is made like a waggoner's frock, reaches down to the knees. Befides this, they wear a waifcoac or cwo, a pair of breeches, a fur cap, and a pair of boots, the legs of which are formed of fome kind of ftrong gut, but the foles and upper leathers are of Ruffian leatner. Their two Chiefs, IfitiyloH" and Ivanovitch, wore a calico frock; antl they, as well as feveral others, had fliirts oflilk. Manv Ruffians are fettled upon allelic mod confiderable iflands between Karatfchatka and Oona- laflika, for the purpofeof colleding furs. Their prin- cipal object is the fca-beaver or otter; but (kins of in- ferior value aifo make a part of their cargoes. Wc negleikd to enquire how long they have had a fettle- uxnt upon Oonalaflika, and the neighbouring iflands; but if we form our judgment on this point from the great fubjedtion the natives are under, this cannot be of c very late date. Thcfc furriers arc from time to cimc fuccccded by others. Thofe we faw arrived here from OkoCfk in 1776, and were to return m 1781. As for the native inhabitants of this illand, they arc to all appearance a very peaceable, inoftenlivc race of peonle; and in point of honefty, they inight fervc as a •^ ■ pauern -:ir;-.-** - j'v^ ^'X . » ^' * 'ft, Z' '♦^ .^;o? • -♦vu ■ i^.'-itfel^ .J'":--: ^^ .?""'«--.:. r^ ^i-^Plh:>i*^'*'^'i.*''- J^.^-■• 'f*»^' -'ll •.;-•■•-« . ^Jb*an % . :«»sj"«j.T'' *' ■ •^'w-iiw ^wv*rz' •■■■ '• ^^ >?-'.■. >..;,: •::'■! ,■ ■ i "M it.* m\ \ III if i¥ I; f A i It"'. I ? I i'i '% :f i^* A ■ • .• ^ IV K f" ft:^^ ix ^^^H' > 1 j J : 'II ^w I- mi i ^'l\ ^'u: f 1 ■r-i Vk IV w <^^ V r 1 r^^^^^^^^^ i • • "t IP It. X "ri-i 1 i, I > •• in*/» »»t»' »iTrr:rr**R«»ts. ..■*f •:>'^'i, .• . (•'•. ■tir COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAOE— T» ihe PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 571 .ii^ pattern to (he tno(lcivilixcdMt»ona. But, from wh»t we fkw ol ihcir neighboun, with whom the Kullian* arc unconncdted, we nave fomc doubt whe(li>.r thii wai their original dirpofitioni and arc rather inclined to be of opinion, that it it the confequenceof (heir prelcnt ftate of rubjc^Hon. Indeed, it° we did not miiundcr- (iitnd the RufHana, they had been under the ncceflity of makmg fomc fevere examples before thev could bring the iOandcrt into tolerable order. !<' fcveritiet were realty initiated at firit, the bcft cxcufc for them it, that they have produced the moil beneficial efficdli 1 and, at prefent, tnegrcaiell harmony lubniU between the Kuf- liann ami the nativci. The latter have their own chicfa in each idand, and fecm to enjoy liberty and property without molcllation. Whether they are iriburariet to thr Rulfianf, or not, we could never learnt but we had Ibinr rcafun to ruppofc that they are. 'Ilic people of Oonalalhka are in general rather low of ftature, but plump, and well (haped. llwir neck* are commonly Ihort, and they have fwarthy chubby facet. They have biai. keyef, and fmallbearda. Theirhair U long, black, and ftraight: the men wear it loofc behind, and cut before t but the women generally tie it up in a bunch. The drefi of both fexet ii the fame with re- (peifl to fa(1)ion, the only diHerence it in the materialt. The frock worn by the women it made of the (kint of feals; and that of the men, uf the Ikint of birdii both reach below the kncet. Thit conDitutci the whole drcft of the fenulet. But, over the frock, the men wear another conuMlVd of gut, which water cannot penetrate; it hat a nood to it, which it drawn aver the nead. Some of them wear b(K>tt| and all of them wear a fort of oval fnouted cap, made of wood, with a rim that admits the head. They dye thefe capi with green ami other colours) and round the upper part of the rim (hey fix the long briOlea of fonie lea animal, on which glaftbcaJHare (Irungi and on the front it a fmall image or two formed of bone. They do not make ufc of paint t but the women puniflure their facet (1i<;htly, and both fexet perforate the lower lip, in which they fix pieces of bone. But it it at unconiinon here to fee a man with this ornament, at to obfcrvc a woman without it. Some fix bcaJs to the upper lip under the nuflrilti and they all fufpeiid ornamcnu in their cart. Filh and other fca animals, birds, roott, berries, and even fea-weed, coinpofc their food. They dry quanti- ties of tifli during the fummer, which they lay up in fmall huts for thrirufc in winter; and, probably, they prcfervc berries and roott for the fame feafon of fear- city. Ihcy eat inoft of their provifiont raw. Boiling and broiling were the only methods of cookery that we faw praw part they put the oil, mixed with fomc dry graft, which ferves for a wick. Both fexet often warm tbcmfelvet over one of thefe lampt, by placing it between their legt, under their fnrments, and fitting thus over it for fcveral minutes. Thefe Dcople produce fire both by coUifion and attri- tion; thefirft by flriking two flonea againfl each other, on one of which a quantity of brimllonc has been pre- vioufly rubbed. The latter method is performed by means of two pieces of wood, one of which is flat, and the other is a flick of the length of about a foot and a half. They prefs the pointed end of the flick upon the other piece, whirling it nimbly round as a drill, and thus fire is procured in a few minutes. This method is common in nuny countries. It is not only pradlifcd by thefe people, but alfo by the Kamtfchadalcs, the Grecnlanders, the Otahciteans, the New Hollanders, and the Brazilians, and probably by other nations. Some men of learning and genius have founded an ar. gumenton this cuftom, to prove that this and that na- tion are of the fame cxtradion. But cafual agreements, in a few particular inftances, will not wholly authorize fuch a condufion ; nor, on the other hand, will a dif- ogrc^ment, either in manners or cuilomt, between two differeiu IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // k ^ ^Z^ ^4^ ^ 1.0 1.1 ■u iii2 122 2.0 lU L^ IU& |I.25|,U|,.6 < 6" ► w •I ^ J^ i^ "^J?- 7W > /\ %. SSTA V '/ FhotogiBphic Sciences Corporatton V 4 \ \ *•**. 4^.^^ 23 WfST MAIN STRUT VVEBSTn,N.Y. USM (71«)t72-4S03 '^:tz%. \ ? A .V ^^ 572 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. i;rl Y: different nations, proVe of courfe that they are of dif- ferent ektraAioit. We faw no oflTenfive, nor even de- fenflve wcapbn among the natives of CkHwU« It can Tcarcely beflippowd that the Ruflktns found them infuch adefencelcis (hte t it is rather to be iitaagined, that, for their own Tecurity, they havedifarmed them. Political motives, likcwife, mav have induced the Ruf- fians not to permit thefe iflanders to have any large ca- noesi for we can hardly believe they had none fucn ori- Einally, as we found them among all their neighboun. However, we obfcryed none here except two or three that belongedfo the Ruflians. lliecanoeMn ufe imong the natives, are fmallcr than any oF thofe we had feen upon the coad of America, from \vhich, however, they differ but little in their con- ftruAion. The form of thefe terminates fomewhat abnntly; the head is forked, and the upper point of the fork projeds without the under one, which is level with the furfiice of the water.. It is remarkable that they fhouldthusconftruA thern, for the fork generally catches hold of every thing that comes in the way; to prevent which, they fix a piece of fmall ftick from one point to the other. In other rsfpeds they build their canoes after the manner of thofe of the EH]uimaux and Greenlanders i the frame being of (lender laths, and the covering of the (kins of feals. They are about twelve fixt in length, eighteen inches in breadth in the mid- dle, and twelve or fourteen inches in depth. They fometimes carry two perfons, one of whom (its in the feat, or round hole, which is nearly in the middle t and the other is (httched at full length in the canoe. Round this hole is a rim or hoop of wood, abmit which gut- (kin is fewed, which can be drawn together, or opened like a puric, with leathern (Irings fitted to the outer edge. The man (its in this place, draws the (kin tight about his body over his gut-frock, and brings the ends of the thongs, or purfe-urings, tight round nis wrifts; and it being dofc round his neck, and the hood being drawn over his htai^ where his cap confines it, water cannot eafily pene^tc, either into the canoe, or to his body. If, hwi^ever, any water (hould fmd means to in- finuate itfelf, the boatman dries it up with a piece of fpunge. He makes ufe of a double-bladcd paddle, which is held with both hands in the middle, (triking the water fird on one fide, and then on the other, with a quick rq;ular motion. Thus the canoe is impelled at a great rate, and in a direfUon perfedtly ftraight. In fail- ing from Eeoochlhak to Samgaooedha, though our (hip went at the rate of feven miles an hour, two or three canoes kept pace with her. Their implements for hunting and (Uhing lie ready upon their canoes, under flraps fixed for the purpofe. They are all extremely well made of wood and hont^ and are not very different fiom thofe ufed by the Greenlanden. The only dif- ference is in the point of the milTile dart; which, in fome that we faw at this ifland, does not exceed an inch inlenfRhs whereas thofe of the Greenlanders, accord- ing toCnntz, ire about eighteen inches long. Indeed thefe dam. aawell as fome others of their inftruments, are extremdif curious. Their darts are generally made of fir, and ire about four feet in length. The bird, fifh, or other animal is no (boner (Iruck, than the pointed bone flips out of the (bcket, but remains fixed in its body by means of the barb. The dart then ferves as a float to trace the animal, and alfo contributes tofiitigue it confiderably, fo that it is eafily taken. They throw thefe darts by the afSftance of a thin piece of wood, twelve or fourteen inches long; the middle of this is n ightly hollowed, for the better reception of the weapon t and at the termination of the hollow, which does not extend to the end, is fixed a (hort pointed piece of bone, to prevent the dart from flipping. Tiie other extremity is fiimilhed with a hole for the reception of the five-fiiwer, and the fides are made to coincide with th<- other m^n end thumb, in order to grafp with gteawrlinnnefs. The natives throw thefe dartt to the didanoe of nghty or ninety ^ardi, with g[reat force and dexterity, "niey are exceedut^expert in ftrilung fi(h, both in the Tea, and in rivers. They alfo ufe hooks and lines, neu and wean. The lines are fenncd of twilled finewi, and the hooks of bone. Whales, porpoifes, grampufes, halibut, fword-filh, falmon. trout, cod, foals, nat-ftih, and fcveral other forts, are found here; and there may be many more that we had not an onportunity of fecinv. Salmon and ha- libut appear to be in the greatefl plenty; and onthe«i the people of thefe ifles principally fublift; at Icafl, they were the only fort of fifli, except cod, that we ob- ferved to be laid up for their winter florc. Seals, and all that tribe of fea aninui)|t are ""^ ^° numerous as they are in many other feas. Nor can this be thought furprizing, fincc there is hardly any part of the coaft, on either continent, nor any of thefe illands, fituace be- tween them, but what is inhabited, and whofe inhabi- unts hunt thefe animals for their food and clothing. Sea-hor(es are, indeed, to be found in prodigious num- bers about the ice; and the fea-otter is fcarce any where to be met with but in this f«a. An animal was fometimes feen by us, that blew afier the manner of whales. It had a head refembling that of a feal. It was larger than that animal, and its colour was white, with dark fpots interfperiiid. This was perhaps the manati, or fea-cow. Water fowls are neither found here in fuch numbers, norinfuch variety, as in the northern parts of the At- lantic Ocean. However there arc fome in thcfc pans, that we do not recolledt to have feen in other countries; particularly the aica monochroa of Stellcr, and a black and white deck, which we judge to be different from the (lone-duck that Kra(henmikoff hasdcfcribcd in his Hifloty of Kamtfchatka. All the other birds we faw are mentioned by this author, except fome which we obferved near the ice; and the greatcft part of thefe, if not all, have been dcfcribed by Martin, in his voyage to Greenland. It is fomewhat extraordinary, that pen- guins, which are fo frequently met within many parts of the world, (hould not be found in this fea. Alba- tro(fes too are extremely Icarce here. The few land birds feen by us are the fame with thofe of Europe; but there were probably many others which we had no opportunity of obferving. A very beautiful bird was (hot in die woods at Norton Sound ; which, we undcr- (land, is fometimes found in England, and known by the appellation of chatterer. Our people faw other fmall birds there, but in no great abundance or variety; fuch as the bullfinch, the wood-pecker, the yellow, finch, and tit-moufe. Our excurfionsand obfervations being confined to the fea coaft, we cannot be expedled to have much know- ledge of the animals or vegetables of the country. There are few other infetfls befides mufquitoes. and we faw few reptiles except lizards. There are no deer at Oonalaflika, or any of the neighbouring iflands ; nor are there any domeflic animals, not even dogs. Wea- fels and foxes were the only quadrupeds we obferved ; but the natives told us, that thev had likcwife hares, and the marmottas mentioned by Krafheninikoff. Hence it appean, that the inhabitants procure the gieateft (hare of their food from the fea and rivers. They are alfo indebted to the fea for all the wood which they ufe for building, and other ncccflary purpofcs ; as there is not a tree to be feen growing upon anv of the iflands, nor upon the neighbouring coaft of the con- tinent. The feeds of plantt are faid to be conveyed, by various means, from one part of the world to ano- ther; even to iflands lying in the midft of extenfive oceans, and far diftant from any other lands. It is therefore remarkable, that there are no trees growing on this part of the /'American continent, nor upon any of the adjacent Iflea. They are doubdefs as well fituatcd for leceivii^ keit, by the various ways we have heard of, as thofe coafts which have plenty of wood. Nature has, perhaps, denied to fome foils the power of raifing tites; without the afliftance of art. With refped to riie dri and onthrvi lift; at Icaft. that we ob> . Seals, and numerous as is be thougitt of the coaft, Is, fituate be- hofe inhabi- ind clothing, ligious num- j fcarce any I animal was ; manner of fa feal. It jr was white, perhaps the ich numbers, a of the At- t tbefc pans, cr countries; and a black liferent from cribcd in his >irds we faw c which we art of thefc, in his voyage iry, that pen- many parts fea. Alba- he few land ; of Europe; h we had no ful bird was I, we under- id known by le faw other :e or variety; the yellow- mfined to the much know- the country, toes, and we 'e no deer at iflands; nor logs. Wea- ve obferved} tcwife hares, alheninikofF. procure the a and rivers. : wood which purpofes; as n any of the of the con. )c conveyed, vorld to ano- of extehlive lands. It i* :b growing on upon any of well (ituated have heard od. Nature er of raifing :h refpeft to ; iflands, wc nerica. For xirtng cocft, p the coun. tents in the not a little though fttu* atcd t. . i ■ U\\ 'hi > ' (I JmJm. f m !M i„M»rMfff tHUJCb^fxJHm,^^ jy mmmm J lm. fi ' »• MY' lli' e ^ i 'i >.i„ . 1 ...J >.Vir :■'■« -■« / ,.; , --it ; .f-' rf- •■ '■*y-- -i:. ,;■ ?^ j:*;;ii*^-^;f^^j^?|3S^.; • » k •^^..,,. ,. ...I ipi. •f '■ ■■•> ^*i»4i!i .-«».-. .^l^*^-,,*^ I '^iM: .;.»>' . '■'•,*. ,1 fS "*•■,. ■1^''^ I" Hr "^-(^;' - COOK^ TBIRP tad I^ST VOYAO&¥-T» itw PACIFIC OCEAN> &c. 573 GhriftiMUt Our people weic not To fcrupuItHu 1, wv) ibme of them ha4 rev**" to repent that the fcipaliai of; Oonalslbfcft Cftfiounwed thejr ^^p^t wit^wt any refl!rv«i,liir their health t^ffefd by a dtftcqtper that iino^>unli«^wi) iKrc. '. , med at ■ man eonfidtrabh diftance. Bm plam* are to be found in great variety at Qoriaialhka. Several of them are fuch aa ive tiMd withiin Europe, and a(5» in, Newfoundland^ and other pint of Actiericai and' «tfier> of th«m< iwkich ;artt rikewifc found in Kamtf'« clHitka, u««attii hv tiw iMtiyei both there and here. Of theft, KniheainikofFha* favoured us with defcrip. dont. The principal one it the Sarannc. or lily root 1 whkh la abaut aa large at a root of garlick, round, and compoftd.of a number of fmall clovrt and grains. Vmven beilBd it fomewhat reftmblct faloop; the tafte of it it not difagreeable. It doei not appm to bf in gicat abundance. Amorigthe food of the nati vet we ihay reckon feme other wild rootsi the (talk of a plant not unlike anodicai and berries of different fpeciei, fuch u cranberries, huitle.-berriet, brambl«.be«ries, and haub4>erriett befldei a fmall red berry, which, in Newfoundland, it denominated partridge berry 1 and aaother brown berry, with which we were unac- quarated. This has. fiMnewhit of the tafte of a floe, nit i| diflbrent from it in every other refpeft. When eaten in a conflderable quantity it it very tiftringent. Bnuidy ih^r be diftilled from it. Captain Gierke eor deavottved to picferve foroei but they fermented, and became at ftreng at if th^ had.beeA ftccped in fpirits. There were feveral plants which were fervjceablc to us, but are not ufod either by the Ruffians or natives, fuch at wild purflaiiii pea.topS; a. kind of (curvy graft; crdTcs I and fiime others. On the low ground, and in the valleys is plenty of Krftfs, which grows very thick, and to a great length. Among the inhabitants, native fiilphur was fecn, but we had no opportunity of Icam- iflg where they (pK it. We found aifo ochre ; a (tone that givet a purple colour; and another that gives a very good green. In iu natural ftate it it of a greyi(h green ookiur, eoarfe, and heavy. It diflblvca eaiily in oil. but it entirefarlofet iti u^jperties when put into water. It lienned tobefcarceinOonalaihka, but, weweiv tdd, if was in greater iricn^ in the ifland of Oonemak. The inhabitants of Oonala(hka bury their dead on the fummits of hills, iTnd taife n littk hillock over their mvcs. There was one of thefe recepucles of thedead if the Me of thc^raad leaditu from the harbour to the vilhge, over whKh'was railed a heap of (loncs. It was dbferved that cvoy one who paiTed it added one to it. In the country, we faw feveral ftone hillocks, thatfeemed to have been raifcd by art » and many of them were apparently of great *ntiquity. Thefe pe(^ are renuirkaMy chearful and friendly amoi^ c*ch other; and alwaya behaved with great civility to US. The Rufliam told ut, that they never luid any con^ nedtiona with their women, becaufo they were not i.no^i'u,-...'.... ..T.,.., . , , , ,; We.hcve hadocculion to meoKion fr^q^einfy, m>m, the time of our arrival in Prince William's Sound, how remarkably the natives ^n this north.-wc(t fide of AmC' rit^a, relemble the jGreenlanders and Efquimeaux, i^ various particulars; lOf perfon, dreis, weapons, canoes, afid the like. We were,' however, much iefs (truck with this, thtn with the affinity fubfifting between ttw dialedls of the Qreenlandert and E^qujmaux, and thoic of Oonala(hka and Norton'i Sound. But we muft obferve, with refpctSt to the words which were colledcd by ut on this (ide of America, that too much ftrclt is not to be laid upon their being accurately rcprefentedi for. after the death of Mr. Andcrfon, we had few who. totdc any great degree of pains about fuch matters ; and, we have often found that the fame word, written down by two or more perfons, from the mouth of the fame native, differed conliderably, on being compared tor aether. Ncvertheleft, enoi^h ia c^ruin to authorize mit judgment, that there is great reafon to fuppofe, that all thefe nationa are of the iame extradion ; and if that be the ca(e, there is little doubt of there being a • northern communication ty fea, between the weltern fide of America, and the eaftern fide, through Baffin's Bay; which communication, however, is perhaps ef> fedually (hut up againft (hips, by ic^, and other ob- ftmdions; fuch, at leaft, was Cbptain ([look's opinion at this time. . In thefe parts the tides are not very confiderable, except in Cook's River. The flood tomes from the S. or S. E. following the diredion of the coaft to the N. W. Between Cape Prince of Wales and Norton Sound we found a current fctting towards the N. W. particu- larly off that Cape, and within Sledge Ifland. This current, however, extended but a little way from the coall, and was neither confident nor uniform. To t|M;N. of Cape Prince of Wales, weobferved neither tidei'nor. current, either on the coaft of America, or that of A(ia. . "This circuraftancc gave rife to an opi- nion, which fome of our people entertained, that the two coafts were.,conneaed either by land or ice; and that opinion received fome degree of ftrength, fram our nefer paving any hollow waves from the north- ward, andjfrom our feeing ice ahnoft the whole way acrofs. From the feveral obfervations made during our continuance in the harbour of Samganoodha, its latitude is 53 deg. 5 min.*N. and iu longitude 193 d». a^min. 4S»ec.E. ... „ ^ ■ , CHAP. XIII. S^i!-5f,S fcl^/*'r ^'""''j t"'' "^ TT^^' "» *»*^ ^ Diftfroery-^Mmvte, ci, of the SandwicbSd,. C^t^lZfiSl" 't^' '^i rrrre»b»-Amberifbmi, c^lbdOwfybi. dijtm^d^rbe ere^ nfufe //SvL ^J^CtE. " ^- T^^^/ '^ tJl^nd-hj^d hy the Difitven-tbe tm JtL mbar in wSK A^AT^^iSrA'^^^^f^'^irT'^ fi'^' /-mwwW iy /Ar mJives^Defpolic i^tbmiy of The tUih oierilSZ i 2KL^;;!5^ 5~'/ S*r, ^f^^'^-O^^ mad, /. (kptci/&:i^J!,tL, #r.«4^ZS «r wMf A tktf m placed taiaofd-^Metbod tf curing meal in tn^al cHmates. *^^ |N Mqwhyg the 36th of Oftobcr, we failed ,^J nnm SwMtndodha harbour, when, the wind J^-^^ng foutfcerly, we ftood to the weftward." ^%"^?°'"*" ««»«»»«♦ wu to proceed to Sand- !!!2Lu"!?** ^,'**^*» K« * ftw of the winter inoBtta there, if «c flwiiM meet with the neceffary refreqimentt, and thea dii^a our courfe to Kamt- icmtka die mined , ——«-..,,,. tu ,„„,„- ,„„,,, "*itof^" Ckriie infttt«^. accom- Enicd with fair weather. Such of our people as could ndle a needle, were now empfoyed to repair the failsi and the carpenters were.dire(5ted to put ^hc boats in or- der. Thurfday, the i ath, wc obferved in lat. 38 deg. 14 min. lon^. 206 deg. 17 min. The wind returned back to the northward ; and on Sunder the 1 5 th, in la;. 33 «l*8' 30 ""»"»• '^ veered to the E. Wc now faw a tro- pic bird, and a dolphin, the flrft we had obfervcd in our paflkge. On Tuefday. the 17th, the wiikl was fouth- ward, at which-point it remained till the 19th, in the afiernoon, *wlieh it was fuddenly brought round by the W. to the N, The wind increafcd to a very ttroi^ gile, and brought ut under double-reefed top-lails. We were now in Tat. 32 deg. 26 min. long. 207 deg. 30 min. E. In lowering the main top-fail, in order to red; it, the violence of the wind tore it out of the foot-rc^, and it was fplit in fcveral parts. Wc got, however, another topJail to the yard the next morning. Thia gale proved to be the forerunner of the trade.wind,i which, in lat. 25 deg. veered to the E. and £. S.E. We ftecred to the fouthward till Wednefday. the 25th, when we were in lat. 20 deg. cf min. On the 26th, ac day-break, we difcovered land, extending from S. S. E. to W. At eight o'clock wc ftood for it, when it ex- tended torn S. E. half S. to W. the ncareft part being about two leagues diftant. We now perceived that our difcovery of the group of Sandwich iflands had been very impc-rfcct, thofc which we had vifited in our progrela northward, all lying to the leeward of our prclcnt rta- tion. An elevated hill appeared in the country, whofe fuminit rofc above the cfouds. The land from this bill tell in a gradual Hope, terminating ficc. 577 Die weight of 60 poundi. Happiljr for tii. we h»d nill fonie vcgcubica renMiniiM. •« we wcic now fup. plied with but fcw of thofe ptadtidlioni. intkeak rmm the appearance of ihta partof the country, it ficmed in- capKble of aRbrding them. Kvjdcnt markt prefenied thcmfclvct of iu having been laid wal»c by the c«pio. (ion of a volcanoi and tnoush we had not Iccn any thing tf the kind, yet the devalfiiiion it had made, in the neighbourhood, wai very vilible. The nativri having now left ui, we run a fiew miles down the coaft in the evening, and paflcd the nif^ht in Oandin(( oil' and on. The neict morning, being Thurfday the 7lh, we were again vilited by the natives. Being not fllr from the (bore. Captain Cook fent Mr. Blign, in a boat, in order to found the coan, and alfo to go aihore, in fcarch of frcll) water. On hit return, he reported, that, within two cable* length of the Ihore, he found no foundinsa with a line of i6ofathomst that, on the land, he could difcover no (Ireamor fpring 1 that there was fome rain< water inholei,upon the rocks, which the fpray of the fea had renderca brack i (In and, that the whole country was Gompofed of flags and a(hes, interf^rfed with a few plants. Between ten and eleven, to our great fa- tisfafiion, the Uifcovery made her appearance, coming round the fouth point of. the idand, and joined us about one. Captain Clerke came on board, and acquainted us, that having cruifed four or five days where we were feparai^cd, he plied round the caft fide of the illandi where meeting with tcmpeftuous weather, he had been driven from the coaO. He had one of the idandcrs on board all this time, who had refufed to leave the lliip, though opportunities had been in his favour. At noon we obfervnl in lat. 19 deg. i min. long. 203 drg. a6 min. the itcareft part of the coaft being two leagues dif- tant. On the 8th, at day-break, we perceived, that while we were plying in the night, thecurrent had car- ried us back confiderably to the windward; and that we were now oflT the S. W. point of the ifland, where we brought to, in order to enable the inhabitants to trade with us. We fpent the night in (landing off and on. Four men and ten women, who came on board the pre- ceding day, were with us ftill. The Comnvxlore not liking the company of the latter, we (Vood in fliore on the 9th, about noon, foldy with the view of getting rid of our guefts; when fixne canoes coming on, we em- braced the opportunity of fending them away. On Sunday the loch, in the morning, we had light airs from the N. W. and calmsj at eleven, the wmd frelhened at N. N. W. which fo greatly retarded us, that, in the evening, at eight o'ckKk, the fouth fnowy hill bore 1 deg. 30 min. E. On the nth, at four o'clock, A. M. the windf being at W. we made for the land, in cxpe€Ution-of getting fome refreflimenu. The natives feeing ua (b near them, began to come off, and we con- tinued trading with them the whole day: though we procured but a very feanty fupply, many of thole who came ofT in their canoes, not having a ungle thing to batter. From thia circumftance, it appeared, that this part of the ifland was extremely poor, and had al- ready fiimifhed ua with every thing they could fpare. Tuefday the 12th, was employed in plying oif and on, with a frefli gale at weft. A mile from the fliore we found grouad, at the depth of 5 c fathoms. At five o'clock P. M. we ftood to the fouthward. and at mid- night wc ha4 a calm. On the 13th, we had a (mall brecxe at S. S. £. and fteered for the land. A few ca- noes came off to us with fome hogs; but they iMvught no vegetables, which we now much wanted. In the evening, we had got the length of the S. W. point of the ifland, but, by the veering of the wind, we loft in the sight all that we had gained in the day. Being in the lame (iniation on the 14th, in the morning, fome more eanoea attended ust but ihcf brought not any articles we Itood in need of. We were now deftitute of fruit and roota, and therefcre obliged to have rccourfc to our fea proviTions. Several canoes, at thia jundure, ar- rived from the mtthwstrd, from whence we were fup- fdied with fome hoci and r9ou. On Friday, the t tth, we had variable light ain till five in the afternoon, when a breeze fprung up tt fi> N. & aod eublcd ui to ftecr iMo. 70. along (hoR to the northward. Thif d#y the weather was remarkably fine, and wc had pUnt)> of compan)F| many of them continued with' Ms all, night, «nd theic UBocs were towed aftera. Op (he I ^ih, fit day-break, feeing the appearance of* bay, the boats fr6m both ftiips were fent out to examine it| for we were informed there was a harbour, wherein we might fafily nioor, and where wc (hould be fupplicd with ,|nateriaU to rcftt the ftiipi, and proviftoni to vit^ual thetn. In the cven.r Ing the boau returned with ih^ ioyful news, that they had fucceeded in their fearch, and that the harbour pro. mifed fair to anfwer,all that had been faid of it. Whil^ our boats were employed in towing the ftiipi into the bay, we had a view of the greateft ni|mbcr of fpct^ators in canoes, and on ftwro, that we ha(l ever feen alfem- bled together in any place duri^tg this voyage. It wu concluded that their number could nnt.i>ricfs than a or 3,000. While hoverii^ on tht coaft, wc had fome- times been vifltcd by 300 canoes at a time, who cantcto trade, and who brought us provifions when the weather would permit: wcJikewitc obtained from them great quantities of cordage, fal^ and divers, other manufiu;^ tures of the ifland, which the Ommodore purchaM fortheufeof thefttipt, and without which we couM not well have proceeded t tor dpring the blowing wea- ther, our cordage fnapped rope after rope, fo that our (pare hands were employed incclTantly, m knotting and (plicing. Inthecourfeof thiaday, we were attended by, at Teaft, 1,000 canoes, crouded with people, and laden with hogs, and other articles to barter. We were per(edily convinced of their peaceable intention!, not a Angle perfon having a weapon of any fort with him. Among fuch numMis as we had frequently on board, it might he expedled, that fome of them would difcover a thievifli dilpofition. One of them made otf with a boat's rudder, and waa not detcple are rcattercd nbnut in greac plenty. Round the hay the (hnrc ii covrred witn a black coral rork, except kt Kakooa, where there i% an excellent Tandy brach, with a Morai at one ex- tremity, and a l))ii^of frcfh wHtet at the other. The naiivei perceivinfl^pur intention to anchor in the Iviy, ^me olf, aa we niVe before obfcrved, in aOonilhinu nuinben,exprc(nngthririoy byfiniiintf, Ihouiing, .md the moft extravaf^nt gclturei. I'nc deckt, fuiet, and rigging of our fhipi were covered" with them. Wo- men and boys, who were unable to procure canor*, amufed themretvct the whole da^ in playing in the water. One of the chiefs who viflted us, was named Psrcea. Though a young nun, wc foon dil'covtred him to bcaperfon of great authority. He told Cap' tain Cook that he was Jakanee to the foveVcifm of tne !(land, who was then on a military expedition at Moweej from whence he was cx|)e«iU'd to return in a few days. Some prcfcnts from the Commodore at- tached him to our interc1t,'Bnd wc fount! him ex- tremely ufeful, Befoie we hadliecrt long at anchor, the Difcovery had fo marty people hanging on one ihk, that ilie was feento heel confidenlhly i afid our p<-nplc found it impofTible to prevent the crowds from prelF- Ing into her. Apprenendve that fhc might receive fome injury, Captain Cook communicated his fcnti- incnts to Pareea, who inftantly clcired the ihip of her incumbrances, and diliicrfed the canoes Hitn which fhe was furrounded. vttim this circumlbncc it ap- |«earedtous. that the chiefs of this illand cxcroifc a inort defpotic power over the commonalty. An in- Hance flmilar to this happened on board the Kefolu. tion; where the crowd fo far impeded the ordinary bu. finefs of the fliip, that we founid rt necotliiry to apply to Kaneena, another chief, wholxid alfo attached hini- felf particularly to Captain Cook" The inconvenience we luffcred was no fooner medtioned, than he ordered the natives to quit the vefTel immediately i when, with- out a moment's hefitation, wc faw them all jump over- board, except one perfon who loitered behind, and by his manner expreiicd fome degree of unwillingnefa to obey. Kaneena obfcrving this Contempt of his autho- rity, took hold of him immediately, and threw him headlong into the fea. Thefc two chiefs were exceed, ingly well proportioned, and had countenances remark, ably pleaiing. Kaneena was as fine a figure as we had ever leen. His height was about lix feet, his features were regular and expreflive, his deportment was eafy, firm, and graceful, and he had lively dark eyes. Men. tion has already been made, that while we were cruif- ing off this idand, the inhabitants had adtcd fairly and honeftly, without manifefting the Icaft propcnlitv to theft; which was the more remarkable, becaufe tnofc with whom we had hitherto had any dealings were pco- Kle of the lowed rank, fuch aa filhermen and fcrvants : ut the cafe was now quite altered. The multitude of iflanders who blocked up the (hips, afforded an oppor- tunity of pilfering without danger of difcovery, and even if difcoverra, mufl have neaped with impunity firom our inferiority of number. To the encourage- ment of their chiefs, this alteration might alfo be at. tributed; for, as we fcrquently traced the booty to fome Sreat men who had it in their pofreflion, there is little oubt but thefc depredations were made at their infti- gation. When the Refolution had got into her ftation, the two chiefs, Rireea, and Kaneena, brought a third on board, whofe name was Koah. He was reprefented to us as a pried, and one who, in his early time of life, had diltinguifhed himfelf as a warrior. He was a little old emaciated fifw*, having fore ted cyts, and his body covered with a leprous fcurf, occaCioned by the immoderate ufe of the Ava. Beittg oondudled to the cabin, he approached the Commodore with^he greateft deference, threw a piece of red ckxhover his (houldera, and retreating a few paces, made an offirHng , of a fmall pig, at the fame timepronounciiig adifbwiricof aoon- j . fi£rable length. Thu ceremony, during our eoatinu- ^ anceatOwhyhce, wu often icpMted. udtffnsm.ft va fiety of cinumllances, appeared to us to be a k\tu\ of relij»i,w»s adoration. Red clottt Is what their idol* ai^ •Jtayed with, and a pig is their chmnion oltcring to th« ratooas. At the ronclulion of this ceremony, Koah dined with us, and eat heartily of wh.it wa< provided lor the tablci but, like moft of the irt.indrr* in thcfe feai, he cotild hardly be indiurd to tafic «mr «inc or Ipiriii a fecond time. In the evening, the t'ommoilorc, Mr. King, and Mr. liiilcy, arcompanic«l him on fhore. Ai fonn as *e landed on the beach, wc wire prifctkd by four tnen, bearing each a wand tippd wiihtlog'^- hair, and pronouncing with a loud voice, a lliort Icn- tcnte. The crowd which had aflcmlilid on eh<- (horr, rctinxl at out approach, and not un imiividual was to be (ecn, except « fi:w perfon* who had nrollrartd them- Iclves DM the jg licard, who prefentcif him to the imaxrii, and chanted a kind of hymn, in which he was aljiileil by Konh. Wc were then Icil to that fiilo of the Moral where the poles were credcil 1 at the tijot of which 11 images were creded, and ran^jcd in the form of a femi- circlc ; the middle fi|;ure having a high table before it, like the Whatta of Otaheitc, on which wc faw a putrid hog, anil under it fome cocoa.nucs, plantains, potatoes, bread-fruit, and pieces of fiigar-cane. Captain Cook was conducted under this (land by Koah; who, havhg took down the hog, held it towatxis him; when having again addrclTedhim in a long and vehement fpecch, he (offered it to fall to the ground, and afccndcd the fcaf- fdd with him, though every moment in danger of fall- ing. We now beheld, advancing in folcmn procefTion. and entering tlK top of the Morai, ten men bearing a live hog, and a piecre of red cloth of conlidcrable di- mrnfions. Advancing a few paces they (lopped, and proflrated themfelvcs ; and Kaireekce.-i, the tall young man already mentioned, approaching them, received the cloth, and carried it to Koah, who wrapped it round the Commodore, and made him an offering of the hog. The Commodore was now aloft, in a (itua- tion tndy whimfical, being fwathed in red cloth, and hardly able to keep his hold on the rotten fcaffolding. In this llcuation he was entertained with the chanting of KoahandKaireekcea,fometimes alternately and fomc- tiincB in concert. After this fervicc wts performed, which was of conlidcrable duration, Kuah let the hog dropj Upon which he immediately defcended with Captain Cook. He then conduiltcd him to the images ju(t mentioned, to each of which he exprcflcd himlcif in a fnccring tone, and fnapped his fingers at them as he paflTcd. He then prefcntcd him to that in the cen- tre, whidi, from its being habited in red cloth, appeared to be in the higheft eftinuition. Before this figure Koah fell prodrare, and requeftcd of Captain Cook to do the fame; which he readily fubmiued to, being determined to follow Koah's dire^ions throughout the whole df a ridicukxM ceremony, in. which his curiofity and vanity were equally gratified. We Hwerc now conveyed into die' other divinon of the MbraSi where a f{jace of about 1.3 feet fquan waa (link tUrecifctt below the level of th« 3 Mca. ^SO" *IV fK < It i , . - • i ■•' ■ *. ... . .. 1 r ^ , ' 'i t '■■*»•. I tl area. ^» \i^4i • '^ir- ♦ » '.♦¥i(-!«-Bri B»<"Vf'' ;»»•;:-!.- • ■! ■' ''nl<■'«-Br,■ •'^■- v:!'^'' ,..!»?" Vw' *'■"- ; ■!' ;• I p I 'iirii r iii,H l|!'' >,-s..^ Ij l-H w P -V5 , V ^^ >> •i o o I*- o \ COOKli THIRD *ta LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. ^79 c/3 p C/5 area. When wc had dcfcended into this, the Commo- dore wai Icatcd immediately between the two idoU, one of his arms being fupported by Koah, and the other'b^ Mr. Kinff. A lecona proceflion of natives at this time arrived with a baked hog, a pudding, fom^ cocoa-nuts, bread fruit, and other vegetaoles. As they drew near, Kaircekcea placed himfelf before them, and prcfcnted the hoa to the Commodore in the ufual manner, chant- IngfU before; and his companions making regular rc- fponfei i but we obferved their fpeeches and refponfcs Ew gradually (horter, and, towards the conctuiion, ireckeea's did not exceed three or four words, which was anfwered by the word Orono. This was a common appellation among the natives. Sometimes it was ap- plied by them to an invifible being, inhabiting heaven; at others it was ufcd as a title of high rank in the iiland. At the conclufion of this offering, the natives fcatcd thcmfclves fronting us, and began to cut '.ip the baked bog, to break the cocoa nuts, and to peel the vegetables. Others were empWed in chewing the Ava, ana making the liquor in the lame manner as it is extra<51cd and done at the Friendly Ifles. Kaireekeea then chewed part of the kernel of a cocoa-nut, and wrapped it in a piece of cloth, with which he nibbed the Captain's head, luce, hands, arms and ihouldenv The Ava was a'terwards handed round, and when we had all tailed it, Koah and Parcea pulled the tiefli of the hog in pieces, and pro- ceeded to put feme of it in our mouths. Mr. King had no particular objcdion to being fed by Pareca, who was remarkably cleanly in his perfon; but Captain Cook, to whom a piece was prefentcd by Kpah, could not fwallow a morfel, thc.putrid hog being itrong in his recollcdion; and as the old man, from motives of ci- vility, had chewed it for him, his reludlance was much incrcafed. This ceremony being concluded, \yc quitted the Moral, after diftributtng among the populace fome piepes of iron, and other articles, with which they were much delighted. We were then conduded, in proccf- fion, to the boats, the men with wands attending, and pronouncing fentences as before. We returned on board fUll of the idea of what we had fecn.and pe'rfedlly fatis- iied with thehoneft difpofitionsof ournew friends. Of the lingularity and novelty of the various ceremonies performed upon this occalion, we can only form con- jedures; but they were, in our opinon, highly expref- five of refped-, on the part of the inhabitants; and, as far a* related to Captain Cook, they approached to a- doration. Indeed the Commodore now fcemcd to be conlidered by them as their E-a-thu-ah-nu-eh ; for from this time an Indian Chief, by the king's order, was placed at the head. of his pinnace, at whofe command the natives, in their canoei, as he palled them, were all lilcnt, and would proftrate. themfelves till he ^as out of fight : and this they would do when the Captain was a- lone; but the chief had orders from the king, that whenever the Captain came afhore in his pinnace, to to attend him, and conduct him to his houfe, which the failors now called Cook's Altar. On Monday, the 1 8th, Mr. King went on fliorc, at- tended with a guard of eight marines, having received orders to ercd the obfervatory in a proper (ituation ; by which means thfc \vaterers, and other working parties, on fltore, might be fuperintended and proteded. When yre had fiMind a convenient fpot for this purpofe, alraoll in the centre of the village, Pareca oSered to exeicife his power in our behalf, and propofed that fome houfes ihould be uken, that our oblervations might not be ob- ftnided. This friendly offer, however, was declined, •nd wc made choice of a potatoe field adjoining to the Morai, which vna readily granted, and to prevent the intrufion of the natives, the place was con^rated by Che^ priefte, who placed their wands round the wall whicR enclofed it. This interdidion the natives call uboo, a term frequently repcMed by thcfe iflanders, and feemed to be s word of cxtenfive meaning. In this in. flknce^ it procured HI inore privac)r than we could have wilbed. Not any ouwea atlcnipted i« land near ust the natives only fat on the wall, not daring to come within the tabooed fpace, without permilTion from us. The men, indeed, at our requeft, would bring provi- fions into the field; but our utmoU endeavours were in- effcQual to induce the women to give tis' their com- pany. Prefenu were tried, but without fuccefs. Wc endeavoured to prevail on Pareea and Koah to bring them : the Eatooa and Tcrreeoboo they faid would kill them if they did. This circumdance afforded great amufcmcnt to thofe on board, whither multitudes . of people, women particularly, Hocked in Ihoals, inlbmuch that they were frequently obliged to clear the veflel, in order to have room to perform their necefTary duties. Twoorthree hundred vvorncn were fometimes obliged to throw themfelves into the water, where they continued to fwim and play, till they could be re-admitted. On the 19th Pareea and Koah left us, in order to attend Terreeoboo, who had landed on a dillant part of the iQand. Nothing material happened on board, till Sun- day, the 24th. The caulkers were employed on the (ides of the (hip, and the rigging was repaired. The falting of hogs was alfo a principal abjc(ii of the Com* modore's attention ; and as we had improved in this operation lince the former voyages, a detail hereof the procefs of it may not be thought improper. To cure the Hl-Hi of animals in tropical climates, by falting, has long been thought impracticable ; putrefadion mak- ing lb rapid a progrefs. as not to allow the fait to take cffcit before the meat gets tainted. Captain Cook ap- pears to have been the firfl navigator uho has attempted, to make experiments relative to this bulinefs. His firlt attempts in 1774, in his fccond voyage to the Pacitic Ocean, fo far fucceedcd, as to convince him of the error of the vulgar opinion; and as his prefent voyage was. likely to be protraded a year beyond the time that pio- viiions had been fupplied for the fliips, he was obliged- to contrive fome method of procuring fubfillcnce tor the crews, or relinquilh the profecution of his difcove- ries. He therefore renewed his attempts, ahd his molt fanguine expedations were completely anfwered. The hogs wc cured were of various fizes, from four to ten or twelve ftone, fourteen pounds to th6 (lone. Tiic/ were always killed in the afternoon; and. after fcalding otf the hair, and removing the entrails, the pig or hog was cut into pieces, from four to eight pounds each» and the bones taken out of the legs and chines; in the larger hogs, the ribs were alfo taken out. The pieces w ere then examined circumfpetilly, and wiped, and the coagulated blood taken from the veins. After this they were given to the falters before they were cold ; and having been well rubbed with fait, they were placed in a heap on a (lage in the open air, covered with plaoks, and prelTed with very heavy weights. The next even- ing they were again well wiped, and carefully examined, when the fufpicious parts were taken away. This done, they were put into a tub of (Irong pickle; after which they were examined once or twice a day; and if it hap- pened that any one piece had not taken the fait, which may be difcovercd by the fmell of th( pickle, they w^re inftantly uken out and examined again, the found pie- ces being put into freih pickle. This, however, did not often happen. At the end of fix days, they were exa> mined for the laft time; and after being (lightly prefTed, they were put into berrcls, having a thin layer of fait between them. Mr. King brought home fome barrels of this pork, that had been pickled at Owhyhee, in Ja- nuary, 1779, which was u(led in England, near Chrift- mas, 1780, by feveral gentlemen, who were all unatii- mous in their opinion, that it was perfedly found, fweet, and wholefome food. We have been informed by Mr. Mancouver, a Midfhipmanon board the Difcovery, and afterwards Lieutenant of the Martin (loop of war, that he tried the method here recommended, both with Enslifh and Spanifh pork, during a cruifc in the Spa^ nifn main, A. D. 1712. and it fuccceded beyond his cx- pcAatioiu. Cti AP. il-'" : 58o C?apt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. n ■■ > CHAP. XIV. U il .§ Society t/priejls di/cwerrJfy aceuienl—Our reteplhmiy them — Mem artifice o/Koab'— Arrival t/Tnrreohm, khg «/ the iJland'-'Tbe Bay taitoed m tlkit occafitu-^T'heiiibaiiiaHts irougbt tootedience-^Jremarkable ceremony— Fi/il/rmi ibeking »— Returned by Captain Cook — The civilily »f the natives, -xbo are much addtHed to tbievini— Their readim-fs in tonduFling one of our parties up the country — A totdng matcb drfcnhed — Death of WtUiam Watman, afcaman — Behavimr of the priefts at his funeral — the railing and images on the Morai punbafed—The natiies wquijiiive about our departure \ onA tbeir opinion refpelling the objefT of our voyage^^Prefents from the king to Captain Cook— The Refelution and Difcnrerj quit the iflmuli but the former b/ing damaged by a gale of wind, they are obliged to re/urn — 7be behaviour of the ijlnnders OH our coming again to anchor in Karakakooa Bay, fomnvbat myfterious—A theft tommitted oh board the Difiovery, anditt tonfemtences — 'Che thieves purfued up the countryScuffle bflivecn the nalivfs and our people — The pinnace attacked and plundered— The crew obliged to quit bcr — Captain Cook's refeHions on the occajion— Attempt made at the Obfervatory-^ The Difcovery's cutter ftolen — Means ufedfoT its recovery— Captain Cook goes on f bore to invite the king and his tTvofons oir board-^His "Wife and the chiefs oppofebis inclination logo with the Commodore — A conteft arifes oh this occafion — Intelligence arrives of a chief having been killed by one of our people— The alarming confequences — A chief threatens Captain Cook, ami isflKt *» him — A general attack enfues — "the melancholy catajIrophe—Our Commodore isftabbed in the back, and falls witb bis face into ihe water— This chapter concludes with the death of the able, enterprizing, and much lamented Commander, Captain James Cook, WE had not long been fcrtlcd at the obferva. tory, before we dircovered thehabiution* of a focicty of priefts, who had excited our cu- riofity by their regular attendance at the Morai. Their huts were ereded round a pond, inclofed with a group of cocoa-nut trees, by which they were feparated from the beach and the village, and gave the fltuation an air of religious retirement. Captain Cook being made ac- quainted with this difcoveiy, he rerdvcd to vifit them; and, expeding the manner of his reception would be fingular, he took Mr. Webber with him, to enable him to reprefcnr the ceremony in a drawing. When arrived at the beach, the Commodore was conduifled to Harre- no-Orono, or the houfe of Orono. On his approaching this facred place, he was feated at the foot of a wooden idol, refcmbling that we had feen at the Morai. Here Mr. King again fupported one of his arms. He was then arrayed in red cloth, and Kaireekeea, aflifted by 1 3 priefts, prefented a pig with the ufual ceremonies. After this (olemnity, the pig was ftrangled, and thrown into the embers of a fire, prepared for that purpofe. When the hair was ilnged olf, a fecond oftering was made, and the chanting repeated as before; after which the dead pig was held Tome time under Captain Cook's nofc, and then laid with a cocoa-nut at his feet. This girt of the ceremony being concluded, the performers t down; and the Ava was brewed and handed about : a baked hog was likcwife brought in, and we were fed in the fame nunner as before related on a flmilar occa- fion. While we. continued in the Bay, whenever the Commodore vifited the obfervatory, Kaireekeea and his afTifbnts prefented themfelves before him, making an offering of hem, bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, &c. with the accuftomed folemnities. Upon thefe occafions, fome of the inferior chiefs intreatcd permilfion to make an offering to the Orono. If their requeft was complied with, they prefented the hog themfelves; in the per- formance of which, their countenances difplayed that Ihcy were greatly imprefled with awe and terror. Kai- reekeea and the priefts aflHlcd, performing their accuf- tomed orations and hymns. But their civilities ex- tended beyond parade and cerennony ; our party on fhnrc were fupphed daily by them with hogs and vege- tables, fufficient for their luMiftence, and to fparei and canoes laden with provifions, were regularly lent off to thefhips. Nothing was demanded in rc;tum: not even the moft diftant hiw was ever given, that they exjpeded the Icaft compenfation. Their manner of conferring fa- vours, appeared more like the difchaice of a religious duty,thanthe rcfult of mere liberalitjr. On ourafkingto wlwm we were indebted for all this munificence, we iv«re informed, that it was at the expenCe of Kaoo, fhe chief prieft, and eramUather to Kaireekeea, who «as at this time in theTuit of the fovcreign of the ifland. ^ut we had lefs reafon to be fatisfied with the behavMUc •f the Earees, or warrior chiefs, than with that of the priefts. In our intercourfe with the former, they were atwayt fufficiently attentive tp their own iaterefiii aod, befides their propcaflty to ftealing, which mw admit of palliation from its univerfality in thefe feas, they had other artifices equally diflwnowrable. The following is one inftance, in which we- difcovered, with regret, that our mod friend Koah was a party principally coa- cemed. The chiefs who made us prefents of hogs^ were always generoufly rewardedj in confcquence of which, we were fupplicd with more than we could con« fume. On thefe occafions, Koah, who attended us conftantly, petitioned ufually for thofe that we did not abfolutely want, and they were given him of courfe. A pig was one day prefented to us by a man, whom Koah introduced as a chief. The pig we knew to be one of thofe that had a fhort time before been given to Koah. SufpcdUng an impofition, we found upon enquiry, that the pretended chief was one of the common people ) and from other concurrent circumftances, wc were per* fedly convinced, that this was not the fiiil time of our having been made the dupes of Koah'a low cunning. Sunday, the 24th, we were not a little furprized to find, that not any canoes were permitted to put ofti and that the natives were confined to their houfes. At length we were informed, that the Bay was tabooed, aod that in* tercourfe with us was interdiued, on account of the ar* rival of Terreeoboo, their king. On the 25th, we en> deavoured by threau and promifes, to induce the inha- bitants to reviftt the fhip. Some of them were ventu- ring to put off, when we perceived a chief very adive in driving them away : to make him defift, a mufquet was fired over his head, which produced the defu-ed effect { for refrefhmenu were fo6n after to be had as ufual. In the afternoon, the fhius were privately vifited by Teneeoboo, attended only oy one canoe, containing his wife and family. When he entered the fliip, he feU on his facci as a mark of fubmiflion to the Comnaodore^ as did all bis attendants t and after having made an ora- tion, which none of us underftood, he prefented the Captain with three barbicued hogs, who, m return, put a necklace, compofiKl of feveral ftrings of various co- loured beads, round his neck, and gave him two k>ok- ing-glaflcs,a laigeglafs bowl, with fome nails, and other tritk*, which he received with much feeming fatisfac- tion, and difpatched immediately a meffrnger on fhore^ who foon returned with feveral lai^ hogs, cocoa-naa, plantains, and fu^r-canes, as much as our fmall cutttit could carry. Having remained on deck about an hsur, admiring the conftrudy>n of the fhip, he was condudcd into the neat cabin, where wine was offered him, which he reful( ing men, always in readincfs to war againft his enemies^ On the 36th, at noon, the king came in'grcat ftate fiam rfic viUsgeof iSbwrowa.and, i»a larn canoe, with finw of his attendants in two others, paddled (knrly tdsvanb the fttips. Their appearance was really molt fuperh. TeireeeboQ. and his chiefs were in the firft vefTel, ar- layed », kfnjre/tbf from thtking ill tandu fling havionr oftbt pmluret ani vtJ Difcwrfj '' the ijhwden ovny, and ill attacked and )bfervattry-^ >is two/ens m —Inteilignct fain Cook, tmd md falls with i Commaitder, I tnw admit S8, they hati he foilowii^ with regret, ncipally con- nts of hogst tfcqucnce of tc cuuld con« attended ui It we did not of courfe. A whom Koah r to be one of ven to Koah. enquiry, that mon people) we were per* : time of our ' cunning, furprized to I put off, and ;s. At length , and that in* intofthe ar* 25th, we ea> lice the inha- 1 were ventu- very aiflive in mufquet waa lefired eifect( lad at ufual. lyvifited by ontaining hia lip, he (man immodoR^as nnade anora« prefented the in return, put r various co> lim two look- kill, and other ning fatiifac' igcr on (horei i, cocoa-nuts, r fmall cottec bout an hour, ras condudcd d him, which t would tsAr, iredddiphted ipaned in the d6ooofigh»i lhiscncmics< cat ftate fiom oe,wttirliime towly towards moil fuperh. rit veffef, ar- layed .t^ i I " tH, i.-r*^ ': HI,.' §4$ COOK'i THIRD iAl LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN^ &c. 5^1 *i-: nyti in rnthered clotkl, Mid iMlNWtt, and armed with fpean and danen. In the fccond««meKaoo. the chief prieft, havingtheir idob di^hfed on red cloth. They were figure* of ^n enortnduifis^, nwdeof thici wicker- trork, and ctirioufiv ormnWhtM with mantln of fba^ then of varioui coWun. Their eyes were lii^ge pekri oyften. with a black nut pbced in the middle. A dou- Ue row of the t^ngt of don wa* fixed in each of their moutha, which, u well u tne rtft of their features, ap- peared ftranoely difiorted. The third canoe was laden with hi^ and vegeubles. Their images they call E- ah-tu>a, (tgnifying theit warrior gods, without which they nevfer cngase in battle. At they advanced, the priefii chanted their hymhs with great Iblenuiity. After paddling round the veiTels, they aid not come on board as we expedcd, but made immediately towards the (horc, at the beach where our tents were fixed. When landed, they hauled up all their canoes on the beach, drew up in martial order, and, led by the king, marched in ranks to their placeof worihip, diftant from our tents about CO yards t but, feeing the ground taboo^ by fmall Seen boughs and wands, that marked the boundary, ey all made a circuit with' their images in proccflion, till they arrived at their Moral, where they placed their idols, and dcpofited their arms. Captain Cook, when hcfaw the king's intention of going on Ihore. went thi- rncr alTo. and landed with Mr. King and others, almoft at the fame inftant. We uftiered the chiefs into our tent, and the king had hardly been featecj, when he rofe up, and threw gracefully over the Capuin's fliouldcrs the rich feathered cloak that he himfelf wore, placed a helmet on his head, and prcfented him with a curious fan. Five or fix other cloaks, of great beauty and value, were fpread at the Commodore's feet. Four hogs were now brought forward by the kins's attendants, together with bresid fruit. &c. - Then followed the ceremony of Terreeoboo's changing names with Captain Copk ; the ftrongcit pledge offriendlhip among all the iflanders of the I^ific Ocean. A folemn proceiHon now advanced, confiding 6f pfiefls, preceded by a venerable old per- fbnage, followed by a train of people leading large h Befattf the kinK quitted the Refolution, he granted leave fer fkcMrives to trade with us at ufuali b|it the wepttten^ m Icnow not on what account, wereftiU intetdiiSMMiy th^trinoi that is. to remain at home, and tut Uftmf kind of iMercourfe with us. At this time tile betMriour «r the inhabiiima was fo civil and itiofrenflve. thartll iMtldKfltfene of dai^r were {Qtaliy ^ntflied.' We tiufHd! ■ ^L.'.' long vacant fpacc wai left bur ihcm.at tho upp«r «n«i of which the arbitratori prdkicd, iiniW three (tandard*. Slips of cloth of varioua colour*, werf pendant from ' thcfe rtamtards i at were the Ikin* of two wild geefe, fomc fiiull birda, and a few bunchci of feathera. The fportt being ready to b";in, the judga g»vc the figiukli and two combatants Kppearcd in view. TiKyr «4* vanccd flowly, drawins up their feec very high bHuad, and rubbing their handa upon the folca. A* they came forward, they furveyed each other freqiicntly front head to foot, with an air of contempt, looking archly at the fpcdhuort, dinorting th^f features, and pnuflifing a v«« nety of unnatural geftures. When they were advanced within the reach of each other, thev held both amu ftraight out before their £ice«, at which part they alwaya aimed their blows. They ftruck with a full fwing of the arm, which to us had a very awkard appearance. They did not attempt to parry s but endeavoured to elude their adverfary's attack, by liooping, or retreating. The battle w.is decided exprditioully i for if either of chenvfell, whether by accident, or from a blow, he was deemed vanquiHicd; and the viiior expreflcd his triumph by a variety of flrange geftures, which ufually excited a loud laugh among the fpetiUtore, for which purpofe it fceincd to be calculated. The fuccefsful combatant waited fora fecond antagonifti and, if again vi(florious. for a third; and fo on, till at laft he was de- feated. In thcfe combats it was very (insular, that, when any two are preparing to attack each otner, a third may advance, and make choice of either ofthcm for his •ntagonift, when the other is under the nccefllty of withdrawing. If the combat proved long and tedi- ous, or ap(iearrd unequal, a chief geTterally interfered, and concluded it by nutting a Rick between the com- batants. As this exnibition was at our dcfire, it was univerfally expeiftcd, that fomc of us would have en- gaged with the natives ; but, though our people received prefling invitations to bear u pnrc, they did not hearken to the challenges, not having forgot the blows they re- ceived at the hriendly Iflands. * This day died William Watman, a mariner of the gunner's crew. This event we mention particularly, feeing death had hitherto been uncommon among us. He was a man in yean, and much rc4pedled by Cap- tain Cook. He had ferved twcnty-onc years as a ma- rine, and then entered as a feimcn in 1773, on board the Refolution, and ferved with the Commodore io hit voyage towards the South Pole. On their return he got admittance into Greenwich Hofpital, at the fame Mmc with himfelf ; and anxious to follow the fortunes of his benefador, he alfo quitted it with him, on the Commodorc'a appointment to the command of the prefent expedition. Watman had often been fubjeA to flight fie vert, in the courfe of the voyage, and wu wry infirm when we oirived in the bayi wncre, having been fent a few dayt on (hore, he thou^t himfelf per- fisAly reftorcd, and requcfted tq return on board. His requeft was complied with. The day following he had a nroke of the palfy, which in two daya afterward* put an end to hit life. At the requeil of Terreeoboo^ the remaint of thii faithfbl feaman were buried in the Mo- ral t the ceremony being performed with great Iblem- nity. Kaoo and his brethren weee prefent at the fu- neral, who behaved with great decorum, and paid due attention while the fcrvice was performing. On our beginning to fill tip the grave, they approacned it with great awe, and threw in a dead pig, together wkh fome cocoa-nuis and plantains. For tratc fuccelTtve n^htt they furroundcd it, dicrificiflg hogs, and reciting prayers and hymns till morning, ^t the head of the grave, we credcda pofl, and nailed thereto % piece of board, whereon was ioficribed the name and age of the deccafed, and the day of hit departure ni this life. 'I'hefc memorials we weic afTumd they would not re- move, and, itis probable^ they wiH be peranitted to ve- main, ib long as fuch frail materials can endure. Being much in want of fuel, CapUin Co^ deCred Mr. King to treat with the prieftt, tot thepurchafe of the railing belonging to the Morai. Mr. King had hit doubt* iefp«^ing tw decency of this overtunv and 1^ I but ing prehcnded the prouofal might be deemed impiout 1 1 inthia he wai much miftaken:. fpr an application be...- made for the fame, they exprefTed no kind of furprize, and the wood wkt delivered without the leaft (tipula- tioa. While our people were taking it awav, Mr. King law one of them with a carved image 1 and, upon en* qfliry, he «ai informetl, that the h'HoIc fcmicircle (at nMiuioncd in the defcription of the Moral) had been carried 10 the boatt. Though the nativei were fpec- uton of thli bufineCi, they did not fccm to refeiu it i but on the contrary, had even afliftcd in the removal. Mr. King ihousht proper to mention the particulars to Kaoo 1 who lecmed exceedingly indifferent about the matter, begging him only to rcftorc the ecntcr image 1 which was immediately done, and it was conveyed to one of the pricft's houfes. Fc^r fome time, the king, and hit chiefs, had been very im|)ortunate to know the time of our departure. From this circumlYance. Mr* King's curiofity was ex- cited to know the opinion thefe people had entertained of ui, and what they fuppofed to be the ubjcdl of our voyage. He took confiaerable pains to fat'isfy himfelf reipedling thcfe points; but the only infurmatiun he could get was, that they fuppofed we had left our na- tive country on account of ttic fcantincfs of proviflons, and that we had vifitcd them for the fole purpofe of filling our bellies. This runclufion wa« natural enough, confidcring the meagre appearance of fome of our crew 1 the voracity with which we devoured their frtfli provi- fions I and our anxiety to purchafe as much of it as \vc were able. It was a matter of entertainment to fee the natives patting the iKllies of the failors (who were much improved in tlceknefs llncc their atitval at the bay) and telling them, in the bcfl manner they could, that it was time for them to depart t but if they would return the next bread-fruit feafon, they Ihould be better able to fupply them. We had now continued fixtccn days in the bay, during which time our confumption of hogs and vegetables, nad been fo enormous, that wc need not be lurprizcd at their wifhing to fee us take our leave. But Terrceoboo had, perhaps, no other view, in his enquiries, than a defire of having fiiflkicnt no- tice, to prepare fuitable prcfents for us at our depar- ture! for wlten we informed him of our intention to quit the ifland in two days, a kind of proclamation was made, requiring the natives to bring in their hogs, and vegetables, for Terreeoboo to prefent to tne Orono. We were this day much entertained, at the beach, with the bufToonerict of one of the nativet. He held in hit hand an inftmment of muftc, fuch as we have al- ready defcribed : bits of fea-weed were faflened round his neck i and, round each leg, fome ftrong netting i whereon were fixed rows of dogs teeth, hanging loole. Hit dancing wat accompanied with ftrangc grimaces, aiyl unnatural diftortiont of the features, which were fometimes highly ridiculout, and.uponthe whole, with- out nneaning or exprefjion. But the wrcftling and boxing matcnet afforded us good diveriion for the even- ing! and, in return, we exhibited the few fire-workt we had remaining. Nothins could moreefTeAually excite the admiration of thcfe l^andcn,or ftrike them with more exalted ideas of our fuperiority, than fuch a re- prcfenution: notwithftanding this wat, in every re- fped, much inferior to that exhibited at Hapace, yet the aftoniOiment of thefe people wat equally great. The carpenters who had been fent up the country to cut plankt for the head raiUwork of our (hip, die Rc" folution. had now been gone three dayt, and, not hav« ing heard from them, we began to be alarmed for their fafety. We exprefled our apprehenfions to Kaoo, yiho, appeared equally concerned with ourfclvesi but while we were planning ineafures with him, for fending pro- per perions after them, they all fafely arrived. Ou| people had gone fiutber into the country than they ex- pcdcd. before they foumj any tree* Aiitabk for their purpoiJe. This cuxumfUnee, together ^ith the bad- ncAof the roads, and the difficulty of conveying tinv ber to the (bipa, had ibiong dcuined them. TMy be- ^w«i}-h|^G»innwnda(i(w>oo th^rgMtdf** wno not inipioui I but ic«tion being J of furprize, lead ftipula. tav.Mr.Kiflg 10, upon cn« cmicircle (a« ai) had been ■ were fpcc- to lefent it i the removal, e particulara ent about tho tenter image I conveyed to fi, had beeo If departure, ifity waa ex- entertained jjcdl of our htisfy himftif brmation he c-ft our na. )f provifions, e purpofe of ura I enough, of our crew i frtfli provi- h of it as \vc iiK-iit to fee s (nho were mival at tlie ■ they could, f they would luld be better nued (Ixtcen nfumption of ous, that we e us take our other view, fu ilk lent no- it our depar- r intention to proclamation in their hoes, fcnt to tne It the beach. He held in we have aU (Icned round >ng netting t mging ioo^. fc gnmacea, which were whole, with- reflling and for the even- ire-worka we iually excite > them with 1 fuch a re- n every re- Hapaee, yet ly great, e country to )ip, the Re- id, not hav- ned for their ) Kaoo, virha^ I; but while ending pro- rivcd. Ouf an theyex- le for their th the bad- vcying tinw , Tiwybe- W, who not enl/ . I 'lfl JU i » • UK COok'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACH'.'C OCEAN, &c. 383 only fupplied them with provifioni, but faithfully pro- tedted their tool*. Havmg fixed on Thuifday, the 4th of IVbruary, for our departure, Terrccoboo in- vited Captain Cook, and Mr. King, to attend him on the 3d, to Kaoo'a refldencc. On our arrival there, we fuw large quaniitiei o( cloth flattered on the ground t abundance of red and yellow feathers, faftencd td the fibres of cocoa-nut hulKsi and plenty of hatchets and iion ware, which had been received from us in barter. Not far from thcfe was depofited an immenfc (]uantity of various kimls of vegetablc^i and at a tittle dillance, a large herd of hogs. We ftippofed, at Hrlt, that the whole was intended as a prcfent for us^ but we were in- formed by Kaircckeea, that it was a tribute to the king, from the inhabitants of that dillridt Wc were no fooner featcd than the bundles were brought, and laid fcvenilly at Terreeoboo's feet i and the cloth, feathers, and iron, were difplayed before him. The king was perfectly fatisficd with this mark of Aaty from his peo- ple; and having fcledted about one third of the iron utenfils, one third of the feathers, and fomc pieces of cloth, he ordered thefe to be fet afide by themfelvesj and the remainder of the cloih, hogs, vegetables, Lc. were afterwards prefented to Captain Cook and Mr. King. The value and nugnitudc of this prcfent, far exceeded •ny thing that wc had before received. The whole mmedintely conveyed on board) and the large was >igj hogs were fct apart for fea Oorest but the fmaller and vegetables, were divided between the crews, fame d.iy wc quitted the Moral, and got our obfervato- rit'S on board. The taboo was removed, anil, with it vaninied its magical ctVcds; for as Toon as wc had (Quitted the pl.icc, the iKople rufhed in, and vigilantly Icarched, in hopes of hnding fome valuable articles lett behind. Mr. King being the lad onfhorc. and waiting fur the return ot the boat, the inhabitants crowded about him, and having prevailed upon him to (it down among them, exprcfled their regret at our feparation. It was even with difficulty that they would fuller him to depart. Having had, while we lav in the bay, the com- mand of the party on (hore, he became more ac- quainted with the natives, than thofe who were re- quired to be on board. From the inhabitants in gene- ral, he experienced great kindnel^t hut the friendfhip (hewn by the prieus was conftant and unbounded. On the other hand, Mr. King was anxious to conciliate their eftecm s in which he fo happily fucceeded, that when they were made acquainted with the time of our departure, he waC urged to remain behind, and re- ceived overtures of the moA flattering kind. When he endeavoured to excufc hiinfclf, by alledging, that the Commodore would not permit it, they propoied to condudl him to the mountains, and there conceal him till the departure of the (hips. On Mr. King's aflur- ing them that the (hips would not fail without him, the Kmg and Kaoo repaired to Captain Cook, (whom they fiippufi-d to be his father) requeding formally, that he might be fullered to remain behind. The Commodore unwilling to give a pofitive refufal, to a propofal fogc- neroully intended, allured them, that he could not part with him at prcfent, but he (liould return thither the next year, w hen he would endeavour to oblige them. On Tharfday the 4th of February, early in the morn- ing, having unmoored, the Refolution and Difcovery fct fail, and cleared the harbour, attended by a vad num- ber of canoes. We propofed to (hape our courfe for Mowec; aswehiid been informed, that in the iHand there was a fine harbour, and excellent water, but Cap- tain Cook intended to finilh firft the furvcy of Owhyhee, before he went thither, hoping to meet with a road more (lieitered than Karak;ikooi Bay. Wc had not been long under fail, when the king, who had omitted to take his leave of Captain Clerkc, as not expecting qur departure to be fo fudden. came after the (hips, accompanied by the young prince, in a failing canoe, bringing with them ten large hogs, a great number of fowls, and a fmall turtle (a great rarity) with bread- fruit in abundance. They alio brought with them great quantities of cocoa-nuts, plantains, and fugar-canes. Bcfidcs other pcrlbni of diitinearcd very fatis- faCtory to many of our company ; but fome were of opinion, that there was, at this time, fomewhat very fufpicious in the behaviour of the natives ; and that the taboo, or interdidion, on pretence of the king's "ab- lencc, was contrived artfully, to afford him time to con- fult his chiefs in what "manner we fliouid be treatctl. Whether thofe liifpicions were well founded, or the ac- coint given by the natives was the truth, we were never able to afceitain. I'or though it is not improliablr, that our fuddcn return, for which they could fee no ajv- parent caufe, and the neccftity of which we afterwards found it very difficult to make 4hcm comprehend, might occalion fome alarm t yet the unfulbicious con- du^of Terreeoboo, who, on his fuppofea arrival, the next morning, came immediately to vilit Captain Cook, and the con^qucnt return of the natives to their former friendly intercourfc withus.areftrong proofs that they neither meant, nor apprehended, any change of con- dud. In fupport of this opinion, we may add the ac- count of another accident, precifcly of the fame kind which happened to us, on our firft vifit. the day before the king's arrival. A native having fold a hog on board our (hip, and received the price agreed on, Parcea, who faw the (ranfadlion, advifed the feller not to pare with his hog, without an advanced price. For his in- terference in this bufinefs, he was harQiW fpoken to, and puftied away ; and as the taboo was (oon laid oit the bay, we, at firft, fuppofed it to be the confcquence of the affront offered to the chief. Both thefc eventi ferve to (hew how extremely difficult it is to draw any certain conclufion from the condudl of a people, with whole language and cuftoms we were fo imperfedly acquainted. Some idea, however, may be formed of the difficulties thofe have to encounter, who in their intcrcourfe with thefe ftrangers, are obliged to fteer their courfe in the midft of uncertainties, when the molt ferious confequcnces may be expected by only imaginary oflfc-nces. However true or falfe our conjedtures may be, it is certain this day, the (2th, things went on in their ufual quiet courfe. On Saturday the 13th, at the approach of evening, the officer who cominandcd the watering party of the Difcovery, came to inform Mr. King, that fevenil chiefs were aflembled near the beach, and were driving away the natives, who afltfted the failors in rolling the calks to the fliore; declaring, at the fame time, that their behaviour feemed to be very fufpicious, and he imagined they would give him fome fertherdifturbancc. Mr. King, agreeable to his requeft, fent a marine with him, but permitted him to take only his fide arms. The officer, in a fliort time, returned, and informed Mr. King, that the inhabitants had armed themfclves with ftones, and were become very tumultuous. Mr. King therefore went himfelf to the watering place, at- tended by a marine with his mufquct. Seeing them approach, the iflanders threw away their ftones, and, on Mr. King's application to fome of the chiefs, the mob was difpcrfed. Every thing being now quiet, Mr. King went to meet Captain Cook, who was com- ing on (horc in the pinnace. He related to the Com- modore all that had recently hiippened, and received orders t» fire ball at the offenders, ftiould they again be- have infolcntly, and in cafe of their beginniiw to throw ftones. In confcquence of thefe orders Mr. King com- manded the corporal to give diredions,that the fentinels . pieces COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— Tb the PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 585 t hcan!, native*, folitary, nr a ca- bc fiip- •rpitable ith, ami rrd us to rcccivfj Various ordinary icvcd by nui^ht us that the cry fatis- were of hat very that the ing's "ab- le to con- treatctl. the ac- piecci (hoiild be loaded with btll, inftead of (hot. On our return to the tenu, we hctrd a continued Bre of the mufuueti from the Difcovery, which wc obTcrvcd lobe directed at a canoe, that we Taw paddling toward* the fhore. in ereat hafte, and purTued by one of our fmall boats. We imntcdiately concluded, that the firing wai in conrequence of fome theft, and Captain Cook ordered Mr. King to follow him with a marine armed, and to endeavour to feiie the people at they came on ihore. Accordingly, we ran towarda the place where we imagined the canoe would land, but were too latci the people having quitted it, and made their efcape into the country before our arrival. Wc were at this time ignorant, that the goods had been aireatiy rcftorcd; and thinking it probable, from the circuntdanccs we had at firft obferved, that they might be of importance, for thia reafon, we were unwillii^ to relinquiOi our hopes of recovering them. J-taving therefore enquired ot the natives which way the fugitives had gone, we followed them, till it was near dark, when judgim; ourfelves to be three miles from the tents, and fufpcifling that the natives, who fre- quently encouraged us in the purfuit, were amuling us with falfc information, we thought it in vain to contmue our fcarch any longer, and therefore returned to the beach. During our abfcnce a difference of a more ferious nature had happened. The oflicer who had been difpatched in the fmall boat after the thieves, and who was returning on board with the goods that had been reftored, fccmg Captain Cook and Mr. King en- gaged in the purfuit of the ol)cnders,fcizcd a canoe which was drawn upon the (liore. This canoe belonged to Parcca.our friend, who at that inflant,arriving from on board the Difcovery, claimed his property, andprotellcd his innocence. However, the olhcer periifted in de- taining it, in which he was encouraged by the crew of the pinnace, then waiting for the Comniodore. The confequeiKcof this imprudent conduct was, what might have been expe£led : ai:uffle enfued; and Pireea un-< fortunately was knocked down, by a violent blow on the head with an oar. Several of the natives, who had hitherto been unconcerned fpeQators, began now to at- tack our people with fuch a Ihower of ftones, that they were compelled to make a precipitate retreat, and fwam off to a rock, at a confiderable diftance from the (hore. The pinnace was plundered immediately by the natives, and would have been entirely demoliflied, had not Pareea interpofed, who had not only recovered fnmi his blow, but had alfo forgot it at the fame inflant. He ordered the crowd to dilpcrfe, and beckoned to our people to come and take pofleflion of the pinnace 1 and afterwards aflured them, that he wOuld u(e hi* in- fluence to get the things reflored which had been uken out of it. After their departure, he followed them in his canoe, carrying them a midfliipman% cap, and fome other articles; and expreinng much .concern at what had happened, begged to know, if the Orono would kill him? And, whether he might be permitted to go on' board the next day? He waa aflured that he would be well received t upon which he joined nofes with the officers (their ufual token of amity) and paddled over to Kowrowa. When thefe particulars were related to Captain Cook, he was exceedingly concerned: and when the Captain and Mr. King were returning on board, the former exprefled his fears, that thefe ilUnd- era wmild oblige him, though much againft hia inclina- tion, to ofe violent meafures with themi adding, they muft not be permitted to fuppofe that they had gained an advantage over ui. It waa too late to take any fteps this evening, the Commodore therefore only gave oiden, that every native flwuld be immediately turned out of the ihips. Thia order haviiw been executed, Mr. King returned to his Ration on fhore 1 and the events of the day having much abated our former confidence in the natives, we polled a double guard m the Moiai, with orders to fendto Mr. King and let him know,if any of the natives were &ea lurking aboutthe beach#( At 1 1 o'clock, five of the natives were feen cfcepina round the bottom of the Moral : they approached filentfy with great xaution, but, perceivuig they were difi^vered, inunedi- No. 71. Iately retifcd out of fight. At mtdnighr, one of them ventured vtrf near the obfervatory, when one of the fcntincla find over him t whereupon he, with fome othen, Ikd with great precipitation, and wc had no ■farther molcftukm during the remainder of the night. The temper of thefe iflandcrs wa* now totally changed > and for (ome daya pafl, at may be feen from our idur- nal, they became more and more troublefome. In the courfe of thia dav, feveraf partiet of them were bufy in roiliM Aunca from thcedue of the hill, with a view. at was (iqtpofed, to annoy the fhipii but rhefe were at too great a diflance to receive any damage ( however, the Commodore looking upon thit aa an infult, ordered fome of our great guns to oe fired among them, and, in left than ten minutes, not an Indian was to be feen near the place. In the afternoon Terreeoboocameon board,. arid complained of our having killed two of hit people, intimating, at the fame time, that they had not the Icaft intention of hurting ut. He continued onboard near two houri, amufing himfelf with feeing our ar- mourcn work, and requefted that they might be per- mitted to make him a pahooa fan inftrument ufcd in battle, when they come to dole quarters) which wat immediately done. Sunday, the 14th of February, 1779. This is that memorable day, in which are comprized the aifedling incidents, and melancholy particulars, that concluded with the aflaflination of our beloved and honoured Comnuxlore. Very early in the morning, a party of th^ iflandcrs were perceived, who made a great lamen* tation, and movea flowly along to the &atii\g of a drum, that gave fcarcely a flroke in a minute. From this circumflance our people fuppofed, they were bury- ing the dead who had been killed the preceding day. At day break Mr. King repaired on board the Refolu- tion, in order to examine the time-keeper. In hit way thither, he was hailed by the Difcovery, and received the alairming information, that their cutter had been ftolen, in fome time of the night, from the buoy, where it was moored. The bcwt's painter had been cut two fiithoms from the buoy, and the remainder of the rope was gone with the boar. Thit gave caufe fuf- flcient to fufped that fonK villany wat hatching by the iflandert, and that ill con&quencet would follow fuch a daring theft. With thefe thoughtt Mr. King haftened on board the Refolution, whofe whole company were by, this time in motion. On his arrival, he found the nu- rines arming, the crew preparing to warp the ftiip nearer to the fhore, and Capuin Cook loading hia double barrel gun. He began with a relation of what had happened m the night at the Moral, when die Com- modore interrupted him with fome eagemefs, and in- formed him of^the lofa of the Difcovery's cutter, and of the preparations he waa makingto recover it; add- ing, that he was refolved to feize Terreeoboo, and to confine him on board till the boat fhould be returned. , . It had been Captain Cook't ufual practice, in all the iflands of the ncific Ocean he had viflted, whenever any thing of confequence had been ftolen by the na- tivea, to get their kmg, or fome of the principal earees on board, where he deuined them at prifonert, till the property that had been loft wu reftorra; and this me- thod having hitherto proved fucceftfiili he meant to purfue it on the prcfent occafion. In confequence of thiahafly determination, the Cominodore gave orders to (lop every canoe that fhould attempt to leave the bay i naving refoived to feize, and deflroy them, if the cutter could not be recovered by lenient meafures. To thia end the boats of both fhips, properly mapned and armed, were ftationed acrofa the bay. The ifland- ert obferving our nwtiont, and feeii^ the fhipt waiping towardi the townt. of which there were two, one on each fide of the harbour, they concluded that our de- (ign wu to fieize their boati. In confequence of which conjeAure, moft of th«r huge war canoet took the alarm, and were makiiw off, when our guns, loaded with gnpe and canifter (not, drove them back. Between the houn of feven and eijriit o'clock. Cap- tain Cook and Mr. IQng quitted.the (nip together i the former in the pinnace, liayiiig Mr.Fhulipt, and nine , 7 I marines '' .ii.'::.l m \i 566 Capt. COO VOYAGES COMPLETE ':l^ li'if y It I liii ■'t, nurincK with hum Mi the liitwr in a fiiMll bma. The Un order* CapcainCook gave Mr. KHig. were, •■ quiet the mirjt of the people on hii Me of the Buy, bv the nrongcn aflurancet itiat thejr fiouid not be nHirocIt to keep nit people louether, aiid to be oontinuaiiy on hii guard. Captain Cook and Mr. King then parted ( the formcrintcndinfftoproceed to Kowrowa, where I'errceo- boo rclided, and the latter to the beach. When Mr. King had landed, he perceived many of the war- riori of Owhyhee were cloathed in their military mati, though without armi i that they were gathcrinu toge- ther in a body from every direttliont and that u\ty »(- fumed a very diArent countenance to what they uuiully wore upon all former occafionn i he therefore, when ar- rived at hit nation on (hore. ilTued lUidt ordcrt to the niarinet, to continue within the tent, to charge their inufqueu with ball, and not, on any confideration, to quit their armt. Thit done, he waited upon old Kaoo. and the prieftt, at their rcfpeiilive huts, and explained to them, at well at he wat able, the rcafon of the hollilc ftreparationi, which had fo exceedingly alarmed them. it found they were no nrangt-rs to our loft of the cut- ter, and alTurra them, that though the Commodore wat refolved not only to recover it, but to punifli, in the moft exemplary manner, the perpetrators of the theft i yet they, and all the inhabitants of the viilauc, on our fide, need not be alarmed, nor apprehend the leaft danger from ut. He defired the pritfts to communi- cate the motives by which we were adluated in our pre- fent condu(fl, to the people, and to intreat them not to entertain groundlefs tears, but, confiding in ogr dccia- rations, to remain peaceable arid quiet. Mr. King hav- ing thus made known our real intention, Kaoo afked, with great emotion, if Terreeoboo, the king, was to be hurtf Mr. King declared he was not; upon which both Kaoo and the reft of the priefts fccmcU much fatisfied with this alTurancc. In the interval of thefe tranfadlions, Captain Cook having called off the launch from the N. part of the Bey, and taken it with him, landed, regnrcllefs of ap- pearances, at Kowrowa, with Mr. Phillips, lieutenant of the marines, a ferjeant, and nine privates. He pro- ceeded imntediately into the village, where he was re- ceived refpedlfully; the people, as ufual, prodratins themfelvea before him, and making their accuftomed offerings of fmall hogs ; but it was obferved, that the chiefs were in fonK confternation on feeing the Captain and his guard, and that they foon difappcared one alter another. The Commodore perceiving that his main defign was nbt fufpeded, the next Aep he took was, to enquire for the king, and the two boys, his font, who had been his conflant guefts on board the Refolution. In a Ihort time the boys returned, with fome of the na- tives who had txen fent in fearch of them; and con- du(fled Captain Cook to the habitation where Terreeo- boo had (iept. The old king had iuft awoke, and the Captain adJretTed him in the miideft terms; aflliring him, that no violence was intended againft his perfon, or any of his people; but only againit thofe who had been guilty of a moft unprecedented adt of robbery, by cutting from her mooringsonc of the (hip's boats, with- out which they could neither conveniently water, nor carry on the necefliiry communication with the fhore; requiring of the king, at the fame time, to give orders for the cutter to be reiVored without delay ; and requeft- ing his company with hhn on board, till his wden Ihould be carried into execution. Terreeoboo, in reply, protefted his totaf ignorance of the theft; faid he was very ready to affift in difcovering the author of it, and ihould be clad to fee htm punifhed-; but he (hewed great unwillingnefs. to tru(( his perfon with thoTc who had lately exercilcdunurual (everiticaagBin(t hb people. He was told, that the tumaltuous appearance of his people, and their repeated d^^predations, made (bme uncommon fcverities necelTiry ; but that not the kaft hurt (houid'be done to the meaneft^ inhabitam of his idand by any peiibn belonging to thelbips; and all' that was neceflkiy for the continuance of peace, was; to pledge himlblf for the honelly of his people. With that view, and that onlyt be came to requeft the king I T" to place toiihdcncc m hm. and to make the Relolution "° ""*'" '*•* ""^* ettedtual meant of putting a (top to the robberies that were daily and hourly committed ^j J^P'*' '**•' " '*" """• '"** ** '*»'<• '•" rtiips, and which were now fo daring at to become infuff^r* able. The king upon thit remonftrance arofc; and ac* cepted the invitation. In about half an hour Terreeoboo fet out with Cap* tain Cook, to attend him on board; and tvtry thins had a prolperous appearance. The two boys were aU ready in the pinnace, and the reft of the party were ap- proaching the water-fide; when a woman, named Ka- nec-kabereea, the mother of the boyt, and one of Tcr- recoboo's favourite wives, followed him, and with many tears and intreatiet befought him not to venture on board. At the fame time, two warriort who came a. long with her, laid hold of the king, infifting he Diould proceed no farther, and obliged him to lit down. A large body of the iflanders had by this time got toge- ther, who had probably been alarmed by the difchar- ging of the great guns, and the hottilc appearances in the bay. They now bcijan to behave outrageoiiny. and to infult the guard. Thus fituatcd, Mr. Phillips, Lieu- tenant of the marines, perceiving that his men were huddled together in the crowd, confequcntly unable to ufe their armt, ftiould there be a necelfity (or fo doing, propofed to the Commodore to draw them up along the rocks, dofe to the edge of the water; upon which the Lieutenant received ordcrt to march, and, if an) one oppofed, to (ire upon, or inftantly difpatch hint; but the natives readily making way (or them to p.ilk, Mr. Phillips drew them up in one line, within alwut thirty yards of the place where Terreeoboo was fitting. The old king continued all this time on the ground. His eyes diftufed gloomy difcontent; his head drooped, and his whole countenance was imprellbd with every mark of terrqr and dcjcdtion ; as if he was poirclTcd with a foreboding confcioufnefs of the catalirophe, in the bloody tragedy that wat now about to be adlcd. Captain Cook, unwilling to abandon the objeft which occafioned him to come on (hore, urged liim moft ear- neftly to proceed: but, on the other hand, if the king appeared inclined to attend him. the furrounding chiefs intcrpofed: at (irft they had recourfc to entreaties; but afterwardt to force and violence, and even inlifted on hit remaining on (hore; and the word was given, that Tootee wat about to carry off their king, and to kill him. Captain Cook, at length, (inding that the alarm had fprcad too generally, and being fenfible that there was not a probability of getting Terreeoboo oft' without much bloodlhed, thought it moft prudent to give up the point; obferving to Mr. Phillips, that it would be impoflible to compel the king to go on board, without running the ri(k of killing a great number of the inha- bitants. Thus the enterprize wat abandoned by Cap- tain Cook ; nor did it appear, that hit perfon was in the leaft degree of danger, till an accident happened, the report of which brought (orth in an inftanta num- ber of warriors from the crowd, and occafioned a htat turn to the whole aftair. The boau ftationed acrofs thtf Bay, having fired at fome war canoes, for attemptht^ to* get out. had unfortunately killed one of their principal* chiels. Intelligence of his death arrived at the (pot where the Commodore then was. juft as he had parted! from the king, and was walking (k>wly towards the (hore. The ferment it oeca(ioned was imffiediattely too confpicuoust the women and childran were kvune- lUately fent away, and the men foon put on- their war mats, and anmMt themlelvet with- fpears and ftones. One of the natives having provided himTelf with two' of thefe miflive wcaponsv advanced towards- Captain' Om^ l)ouri(hi«|;alongiranfpike,ormh«KNKitideflance. • and thieatcning to thiow the ftonc. The Captain made fiant- for him to defiit, but the man perfifting in his in- f came a- hc Ihoiilii iuwn. A got togc- i: difchar- aranccs in oiiny, and lip.t, l.icu- mcn were unable tt> r fo doing. > along the which the if any one him I but ) pal's, Mr. bout thirty ing. 'Ihe und. His 1 drooped, with every s poflcflla iUophc, in » be aiflcd. ijeft which n moft ear- if the king iding chiefs reaticsi but iniil\cd on given, that and to kill B alarm had It there was oft' without : to give up it would he ird, without of the inha- led by Cap- rfon was in t happened, Itant a mim- ioned a fttaf ed acrofs thtf ;tempthi5 to* eir principaV at the fpoi e had partcdf towards the im(Aed'ia«ely wereimine- oA' their war and (tones, elf with two' irds' Captain' «tirtdcflancc, • :apt«in made ing in his in- anutge gri- of fmall moif |i bf his mat, ervedonly to kfighting meri> f ■■ I * if" > A ''. ■'■ '':?' 1*^-1 1*:'"' •' '^ V ^, '-^--f '•- •■ T^^Ti--""- ^ ^^■J^.U'.U : Wai . • tii^'' It 'Si 'I'^T' i-.M ^ ■-'.■i iU*-.iSiSnail.kjr«.^i.-- il I'ir' '•{it i il COOKi THIRD and l.A^T VOVAfiK— To the HAClFIC OCEAN, fltc. 387. esia r. PhiHffli wWi hit fMihow, (fonw ^V the very f.me lh«t WM im«J« b» our •rmouten, M t^e rcqucn of the CTScditrf from h4 • blow with the biift c.,d of (.•• IhufdUM. A «l«e«l att»ck with ftrtnc* njctrnlcd, and the duirrd became general. t)n our fldc, the cun» from Sic Ihipa began to iwur in thoir Hrr ujwn the imiltt- nkk ofnativei, at did likcwife the marine Riiard, and thofefromthehiMiii ncvcrthfUfH, thoiiRh the llaugh- ttt «mong the iflamkrt wa« great, yet, cnragtil at they pt*K. they ftood an inccfllint lire with afloiiiflung in- tr«ui4»y» and. without giving time for the narin«» to chai-Ke againi '^"^y ruflied in upon them with horrid Ibnuit atul y"!'* What followed wai a fccne of horror ^nd f(wifufion. vihrhcan morceafily he conceived than n-lated Four of the marine*, corporal Thomai, and three privates, namely. Ilinkt, Allen, and Fadgct, re- Ifcated among the rock,, and fell vidlims to the fury of the enemy, Three otiifr* were dangcroully wounded t «nd the Lieuteiunt, who had ff^dved a (lab between the Ihouldcri with a pahoot, having fortunately refer, vcd hit fire, (Itot the man who had wounded nun, jull Bi he wat going to repeat his blow. The laft time our Commodore w« diUmdly fifn. he wa» ftanding at the «ater'ft edge, ordering the boati to crafc firing, and pull in; when a bafc aflaflln, coming behind him, and firiking him on the head with hit club, filled him to Ihe ground, in fuch a diredion, that he lay with his face prone in the water. A general (bout was let up by the iflandcrt on feeing the Captain fall, and his body Mtu dragged on (hore, where he wat furroundcd by the enemy, who, fnatihing the dagger from earh oihcr't hand), difptaycd a favitge eagrmeri lo join in hit de* ftriidion. It fl)ot)fcd their kin^ wa* to be dragged on hoard, and punilhrd at difcrctlofii for, having fee u red hit txiJ/, they fled without much itgarding tne rc(\ of the (lain, one of whom they threw into the fta. Thui ended the life of the greatcfi navigator that this or any other nation could cvcrboaftoi: who led hit rrcws of gallant Britifli fcamcn twice round the world) reduced to a certainty the non-cxinvncc of A .Southern continent, about which the learned of all na> tiont were in doubt; fettled the boundaries of the earth and feat and demonl^rated the impradicability of aN. W. patfage from the Atlantic to the great Southern (Xcan, for which our ablefl gcograpncrt had con- tended, and in uurfuit of which va(\ furnt had beett (pent in vain, ana many valuable marinert had mifcrably- periliied. His de.ith was doubtleft prcmaturci ^et he lived to accomplilli the great undertaking lor which he fecmcd partiiularly deligiied. How linccrely his loft was lamented, (we fpeak here in the language of hl| pane^yrill) by thnfc who owed their fccurity to hit (kill and conduct, aiui every confolation to hit tenderneCl and humanity, It Is iiii)H>frihlc to dcfcribej and theu(k would be equally diificult to reprcfcnt the horror, dc- jedtion, and difmav, which f^'lwwcd fo dreadful and unex|Ki^ted a catalWophe. Let ut (herefore turn from fo mournful a fccne, co the picaling conteinnlation of hit virtues, charader, and public Icrvices, tne hiltory of which our readuri will fiad in the fubfcquent chap, tcr. m !ats Vi CHAP. XV. Memoirs oflbt life and fmblic ftrvicet nfCattain James Cook—His Hrlb and parentn^f^FJucation and early Jitual ton in life— His inclination for ibefea, and firjt empkymi-nl tn ibe merilMiilsfervite—Tiifs bis/hni* m His Majefty' s Jl/ip, tie Eagle — Is made a tJeutenant—Histehaoiour iind^ Sir ItWiam Btiriuify. and vben engaged in the atliv* fcenes (f the war in America— His appointments, ly tbe recomjiendnlions of Lird (Jolvi/le and Sir H:igb PaJlifer-^HisjlrJi voyage to tbe South Seas — Hisfeiond, to complete tbe di/cwery of tbe Southern bfmifpbne — His tbird and lajl voyuge, in order lo dtfcaver a North l^'ejl parage — An account nf bis family, and their pcnjions — OLfcrvatimis on bis cbaralfer and deatl^~- Particulars which happened fubfequent lo bis death — Urawry $f Ijeiitenani Phillips— The ijlanders forced lo retire— Si- tuation of our parly at tbe Moral — Annoyed iy Jhnes—An attempt to Jlorm tbe Morai — i^itlid ty our people — A Jhort truce, and pacific laiiifures adopted — Mr. Kintfenlto oil, tin a conference with f(jme '' our publi(her. the father of Captain Cook wai a day iabouiri* to a farmer, and lived in a fm&ir village furroundctr wiih mud walls;, who aftcr- waidt removed ttj Gre^ A/torj^ wher^ lie was em- ployed at a pfeafant by, mf hte Thomas Squttowe. Efq. with whom He was afliftedUrjvung Cook, hit (on, in the diHRrrent braikhea of h'tilBaiidry. At (he age of 13, tHii youth was put undin' the tuition of^Mr. Piillen, a fchoolmaftcr of^Ayt9iii. by whom Iw Waa infhnided in the arts of writing, common book-keeping, Sec. and he it faid to have (hewn an nncommon geniua in hit appli- cation to the feveral rulet of vtdgar arithnhcdc. In January. 1745, at the age of 17, huilither boutid hiM apprentice, to learn the grocery and habeidalflieiy bu(}- nei's, at Snaitht but hit natural inclination nbt rajving been confulted on this occtrfklf, he fotm qjuittcd riie counter in difgufl, after a year and *. half's (csrvhudci and having contraded a ftron^ propenflty to' tbe tta, his mafter, willing to indulge him in fisllowing die hiax of his indinarion, gave up readily hia iiidntiirea. ti» July, I74^> he was bound apprentice to Mr. Wklkefi of Whitby, for the tenh of thre^ vean, whidi tmk he (erved to hia n.s(ter's futt fatisfa^btan; UmW i|in he (ir(\ failed onboa rd the(hipFreelove,eAipknnl chiefly in the coal ira,d; ' -'i NeWCaftl^to ImoML In theipnng) of i7jO, Mi- v Ihnding, improve his mind, andjiipply the deficiencies of a nearly education, he wu eng4;ed in mofl of the bufy and adivc fcenes of the war in America. At the ficge of Qucbeci Sir Charles Saunderscommitted to his charge the execution of fervices,of the firft Impomncc in the naval department. He piloted the boats to the atuck of Moutmorencv ; conducted the embarkation to the heights of Abraham, examined the pafTagc, and laid buoys for the fecurity of the large (hips in proceeding up the river. The courage and addrefs with which he acquittrd himfelf in thefe (crvices, gained him the warm fricnctfhipof Sir Qurles Saunders and Lord (.olville, whtfcontinued to patronize him during the rcit of their lives, with the grcateft zeal and affedion. On the I ft of April 1760, he received a commifllon as a lieutenant, and foon after a fpecimen of thofe abi- lities, which recommended him to the commands, in the execution whereof he fo highly difplaycd his me- rit, that his name will be handed down to poflerity, as one of the inoft (kiiful navigators which this coun- try hath produced. In 1765 he was with Sir VVilliam Bamaby, on the Jamaica (tation; and behaved in fuch a manner as gained him the approbation of the admi- ral. At the conclufion of the war, he was appointed, through the recommendation of Lord Colvillc, and Sir Hugh Pallifer, to furvey the Gulph of St. Lawrence, and the coafls of Newfoundland. In this employment he continued till the year 1767, when the Royal So- ciety fcfolvcd, that.it would be proper to fend a navi- gator into the South Seas, to obferve the Tranflt of the planet Venus over the Sun's difk t and Otahcite being nxed upon, the Endeavour, a (hip built for the coal trade, was put into commiflion, and the command of her given to Lieutenant, the late Captain Cook, who was appointed witlrMr. Charies Green to obTerve the Tranflt. In this voyage he was accompanied by Jo- feph Banks, Efq. fince Sir Jofcph, and Dr. Solander, and other ingenious artifts. llie Tranfit of Venus was ol>fcrved in different parts of the illand, and ihe Capuin returned, after naving been abfent almoft three years, in which period he had made difcoveries equal to all the navigators of his country, from the time of Columbus to the prefent. From this period, as his fervices increafed in ufefiilnefs to the public, fo his reputation advanced to a height too great for our encomiums to reach. Perhaps no fcience ever re- ceived greater additions from the lalwurs of a fingle man, than geegraplw has done fiom thofe of Capuin Code ; who, in his nrft voyage to the South Seas dif- covered the Society Illesi determined the infularity of New Zeabuidi difiwend the ftraits which fepaiate the two ifland*, called after his name; and inade a cMiqpletc furvey of both. He afterwards exploned the caftcfii coolt of New HolUnd, hitherto unknown 1 an extent of 37 deg. of lat. or upwards of 3,000 milo. Soon after die Captain's return to England, it was lefolvcd to equip two fliips to complete the dilcovery •f the Soudiem hemifpnere. It had long been a ptcvailiiig idea, that the unexplosed part contained another continent. To aiicertain the fii£t was the principalobje&of thia expeditioBi and that nothing fidght be flonttcd that cduld tend to fiKilitate the en- terprizet two iMpa were provided t the one, the Refo- hition, under the cannMUid of Capuin Cooks the other, the Advenuuct comnanded oy Gqptain Fur- neaux. In this fccond expedition round the world. Captain Cook rdblved the great problem of a (buthem continent» having fit ooinMctely travelled tkat hemif- vUme, ainoK«>ka«tapoHibUiqrof itsexUlence, un- bfsfb near the pole^ as to be beyond the itadi of na- vigation. In oiis vovage New Caledonia, the huneft i(kad in the Soudiem licificOcean, except New Zea. ipKJ^ mujUkBtnitfit « fat aUb the ifland •£ Gmt- giai and an unknown coaft, which the Capuin named Sandwich land > and having twice viiited the twpical feas, he fettled the fituations of the old difcoveries, and nuule feveral new ones. , The want of fuccefs which attended Capuin Cook'a attempt to difcover a Southern Con:inent, did not fet afide another plan which had been recommended fom« time before. This was no other than the finding out « N. W. pafTage, which the fency of fomc chimerical projcdtors had conceived to bt a pradticable fcheme. His fervices were required for this arduous undertaking^ and he offered them without hefitation. This third and laft voyage is di(tingui(hed by the extent and inw portance of its difcoveries. Not to mention feveral rmailer iflands in the Southern Pacific, Captain Cook difcovered the group, north of the cquinoxial line, called Sandwich Iflands; which, on account of their fltuation and productions, may perhaps become an ot>* jcdl of more confcquencc, than any other difcovcry in the South Sea. He explored what had remained before unknown of the weflcrn coafl of America, an extent of 3700 miles; afrertained the proximity of the two con- tincpts of Ada and America ; failed through the ftraits between them, and furveyed the coafts on each fide, fo far as to be fatislied of the impraiflicability of apaf- fage in that heniifphere. from the Atlantic into the Pa- ' cific Ocean, by an eaftem or weltem coaft. In (hort, he complcated the. hyd^raphy of the habitable globe, if we except the Japanele Archipelago, and the fca ot Amur, which are (till known imperfcdliy by Europeans. ' Throughout this voyage it mult be confellcd, that his fervices as a navigator, arc important and meritorious. The methods which he invented, and fo fuccefsfuiiy put in practice, of prefcrving the health, (and confe- quentiy the lives) of fcamen. will tranfinit his name to ' future ages, as a friend and benefadlor of mankinds- It is well known among thofe who are converfant it) naval hiltory. that the advanuges which have been fought, through the medium of long fca voyages, have always been ptirchafcd at a dear rate. That dreadful diforder which is peculiar to this fervicc. mud, withour exercidngan unwarrantable degree of tyranny over our feamen. have t)een an infuperable obftacle to our en- terprizcs. It was refervea for Captain Cook to con- vince the world, that voyages might be protnufted to three, or even four years, in unknown regions, and under every change of chmate, without affeding the health, in the fmaueft degree, and even without diminifhing the prol)ability of iTfe. A few months after his depar- ture from England, notwithftanding he was then ab- fent, the Royal Society voted him Sir Godfrey Copley's gold medal, as a reward for the account, which he had tranfmitted to that txidy, of the method taken to prc- ferve the health of the crew of his fliip. Captain Cook wasa married man.and left feveral children behind him. On each of thefe his Majefty has fetded a penfion of twenty-five pounds a year, and two hundred pounds per annum on his widow. The conftitution of this grpit and unparalleled navigator, was robuft Iwth bv nature and habit; his body having been inured to labour, and rendered capa- ble of undergoing the (evercft hardftiips. His ftomach bore, without complaining, the mo(t coarfe and un-' grateful ibod. Indeed he (ubmitted, with an eafy felf- denial, to wants of every kind, which he endured with rcnrarkaUc indifference. The Qualities of his mind were of the fame hardy vigorous kind with thofe of his body. His underftanding was ftrongand quick-fighted : hia judgment, in whatever related to the fervices ht was engaged in, quick and fure: his defigns were bold and daring, yet manly and difcreet. His cou- rage was cool and determined, and accompanied with an admirable prefence of mind, in the moment of dan- ger. His manneis were plain and unaffeded. Some have ccnfured hia temper as fubiedttohafti-' nds and paflkin; but let it be confidered, that theTe weie counteraAed, and frequently difarmed, by a dif- Cfition benevolent and humane. There are thofe who ve blamed Capuin Cook for hia feverity to the na- tives «r different iflaadiwhkh wtviflted; but it was 3 n6t COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE—To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 589 ^puin namec) the uopical (coveriei, and }>n Cook 'a did not fet tended ftmut finding out « c chimerical .ible fcheme. undertaking. This third lent and inv, [ntion feveral aptain Cook linoxial line, •nt of their -ome an ob* difcovery in laincd bcl'ore > an extent of the two con- gh the ftraita \n each fide, lityofapaf- pnto the Pa- " 1. In fliort, litablc globe, d the fca ot V Europeans. ' led, that his meritorious, fuccefsfully (and confe- his name to ' of mankind.- :onverfant in li have been oyagcs, have hat dreadful nuft, without- liny over our : to our en- 00k to con- protraded to IS, and under g the health, diniinifliing T his depar- 'as then ab- rey Copley's 'lich he had ^en to pre- ptain Cook •ehind him. pcnfion of pounds per nparallelcd habit; his fcrcd capa^ lis flomach : and un-' « eafv felf_ lured with his mind hofeof his' k-fighted: : • ferviccs igns were His cou- nied with « of dan- - stohafti-' hat theTe by a dif- hofe who > the na- It it WAS , Ode not to thefe alone he was feverc in his difcipline. He never fuflfered any fault in his own people, r hough ever fo trivial, to cfcape unpuniflied. If they were charged with infultinga native, or injuring him m his property, if the fa£l was proved, the offender fcldom cfcaped unpuniflied. By this impartial dinribution of equal juuice, the natives thcmfelves conceived To high an idea of his wifdom, and his power too, that they paid him the honours bellowed on their Hatooa, or good fpirit. ^ ' Thi* is certain, that a mod didinguifliing feature in , Captain Cook's charadler was, that unremitting per- feverance in the purfuit of his objed, which was not ortly fuperiorto the oppofition of dangers, and the prcf- fure of hardfliips, but even exempt from the want of or- dinary relaxation. During the three long voyages in which he was engaged, his cagernefs and adivity were never in the leaft abated. No incidental temptation could detain him for a moment j even thofe intervals of recreation, which fometimes occurred unavoidably, and wera looked for by us with a longing that pcrfons who have experienced thefatiguesof fervice will readily excufc, were fubmitted to by him with a certain im- patience, whenever they could not be employed in mak- ing further provifions for the profecution of his de- (igns. ii the courfe of this work, we have faithfully enumerated all the particular inftances in which thefe qualities were difplayid, during the great and import- ant cnter|>ri7.es in which he was engaged: and we have likewifc (tatcd the refult of thofe ferviccs, under the two principal heads fo which they may be referred, thofe of geography and navigation, each of which we have placed in a feparatc and dillincl point of view. We cannot clofe thefe memoirs, without taking a (light retrofpeft view of the tragical end of this truly great and worthy fea officer. It was imagined by feme of thofe who were prefent, that the marines, and thofe who were in the boats, fired without Captain Cook's orders, and that he was anxious to prevent the farther effiiiion of blood ; it is therefore probable, that, on this occafion, his humanity proved fatal to him; for it was obferved, that while he faced the natives, no violence had been offered him ; but when he turned about to give directions to the boats, he immediately received the fatal blow. Whether this was mortal or not it is im- poUlble for any one to determine ; but we are informed by a gentleman on board the Difcovery, whofc veracity isunqueftionable, that there was time fufficient to have fccured the body of our brave Com..iander, had a cer- tain lieutenant, who commanded a boat of the fame Ihip, pulled in, inffead of making off. We do not mention the name, but if our information is an unde- niable fad, the daffardly officer merits juffly that con- tempt and poverty, to which it is faid he is at prefent reduced. We beg leave further to obferve, that the natives had certainly no intention at firff of dcffroying Captain Cook, or any of his party. The caufe firft originated in the death of the Eree, who was fliot by one of our people in the boat : it was this circumllance which alarmed them, and, inconfequence of this it was that they armed themfelves. At this period Captain Cook might have returnedon board with fafety; but he was unfortunate in miffing the man who behaved info- lent to him, and (hooting another; he was unfortunate in the firing of the marines ; and equally fo in the (ir- ing of the people in the launch; all which happened in the fpaceof a few minutes. In fliort, all the caufes that brought on the death of this much lamented Cir- cutrinavigator, were produced by a chain of events which could no more be forefeen than prevented. His memory wc leave to the gratitude and admiration of polterity. We now proceed to relate thofe particulars, that have come to our k owledge, and which happened fubfe- qucnt to the death of Captain Cook. We have before **'";ved, that four of the marines, who accompanied the Commodore, were killed by the natives; the furvi- vors, with Mr. Phillipa, their lieutenant, threw them- felves mto the fea, and made their efcape, being pro- tfi^ed by a fmart fire from the boats. On this occa- No. 72. I fion, a (Iriking inftance of gallant behaviour, and of affedion for his men, was difplayed by Mr. Phillips; for he had fcarcelygot into the boat, when, feeing one of the marines, who was not a ^tx^ expert fwimmer, (Iriiggling it) the water, and in danger of being taken by tne iflanders, heinffantly leaped into the fea to his alliflance, though condderably wounded himfelf; and after rcceivihg a blow on his head from a (lone, which had almoff fent him to the bottom, he caught the ma- rine by the hair, and brought him off in (afety. Our people for fome time kept up a conftant fire from molt of the boats (which, duringthe whole tranfaction, were at no greater diflance from the land than twenty yards), in order to afford their unfortunate companions, if any of them fliould flill remain alive, an opportunity of ef- feding their cfcape. Thefe efforts, fecondcd by a few guns, that were, at the fame time, fired from the Re- (olution, having at length compelled the enemy to re- tire, a fmall boat, manned by five midlliipmen, pulled towards the fliore, where they perceived the bodies lying on the ground without any iigns of life. Hovvcvcr, they judged it dangerous to attenipt to bring them off with fo inconfiderable a force; and their amnuinition being nearly confumcd, they returned to the Ihips, hav- ing the bodies in poffeffion of the natives, together with ten (lands of arms. After the general conflcrnation, which the news of this misfortune had diffufed throughout the whole company of both fliips, had in fome degree fublidcd, their attention was called to the party at the morai, vyiiere the maft and fails were on ihore, guarded by only fix marines. It is difficult to defcribe the emotions that agitated the minds of Mr. King and his attend- ants, at this rtation, during the time in which thefe oc- currences had happened, at the other licle of the bay.. Being at the diflance only of a mile from the village of Kow rowa, they could diftindly perceive a vaft multitude of people collcded on the fpot where Captain Cook had jull before landed. They heard the tiring of the miifquets, and obferved an uncommon buflle and agi- tation among the crowd. They afterwards faw the iflanders retreating, the boats retiring from the (hore, and paffing and repaffing, with great ftillnefs, between the fliips. Mr. King's heart foon mifgave him on this occafion. Where fo valuable a life was concerned, he could notavoid being alarmed by fuch new and threaten- ing appearances. Befides this, he knew that Captain Cook, from a long feries of fuccefs, in his tranradions with the natives of this ocean, had acquired a di'giec of confidence, which might, in fome ill-fated moment, put him too much off his guard ; and Mr. King now faw ail the dangers to which that confidence might lead, without deriving much confolation from the confidera- tion of the experience which had given rife to it. His firft care, on hearing the report of the mufquets, was to affure the iflanders, conddcrablc numbers of whom were affembled round the wall of our confecrated field, and feemed at a lofs how to account for what they had heard and feen, that they fliould meet with no molefta- tion; and that, at all events, he was inclined to conti- nue on peaceable terms with them. In this, fituation, Mr. Kinj.^ and his attendants re- mained till the boats had returned on board, when Cap- tain Clerke perceiving, by means of his telefcopc, that our party was furrounded by the natives, who, he thought, deficned to attack them, ordered two four- pounders to be fired at the iflanders. Thefe guns, though well aimed, did no mifchief; but they gave the natives a convincing proof of their powerfulcffeds. A cocoa-nut tree, under which fome of them were fitting, was broken in the middle by one of the balls ; and the other fliivered a rock, which fiood in an exad line with them. As Mr. King had, jull before, given them the flrongeft affurances ot their (afety, he was ex- tremely mortihcd at this ad of hoftility, and, to pre- vent its bein^ repeated, inftantly difpatched a boat to inform Captain Gierke; that he was, at prefent, on the moft amicable terms with the iflanders, and that, if any future occafion fliould arilc for changing his condud to- wards them, he would hoift a jack, as a fignal for Cap- 7 K tain ■hi ■4 m 59° Cipt. C O O K's VOYAGES C O M P L K T E. • II i • I I, . '\': I Ml [ft ii ' tain Gierke to afford him his adiftancc. Mr. King waited the return of the boat with the greatcH impa- tience ; and after remaining for the fpace of a quarter of an hour, under the utmoll anxiety and fulpencc, his fears were at length confirmed, by the arrival of Mr. Bligh, with orders to flrikethe tents imnrcdiatclv, and to fend on board the fails, that were repairing. At the fame inftant, Kaircckeea having alfo received informa- tion of the" death of Captain Cook, from a native who had arrived from the other fide of the bay, approached Mr. King, with great dcjccHon and forrow in his coun- tenance, enquiring whether it was true. At this time the fituation of the party was highly critical and im- portant. Not only their own lives, but the iflue of the expedition, and the return of at lead one of the fliips, were involved in the Hime common danger. They had the mall of the Rcfolution. and the greater part of the fails, on Ihore, ptotcif^cd by only halt a dozen ma- rines. Thelofs of thcfe would have been irreparable j and though the iflandcrs had not as yet teftified the fmalleft difpolition to moleft the party, it was difficult to anfwcr for the alteration, which the intelligence of the tranfaflion at Kowrowa might produce. Mr. King therefore thought proper to dilFemble his belief of the death of Captain Cook, and to dcfire Kaircckeea to difcourage the report; apprehending that either the • fear of our refcntment, or the fucccisful example of their countrymen, might perhaps lead them to feizc the favourable opportunity, which at this time prefcnted itfclf, of giving us a fecond blow. He, at the fame time, advifed him to bring old Kaoo, and the other prierts, into a large houfeadjoining to the morai, partly from a regard to their fafety, in cafe it Ihould have been found nccelTary to have recourfc to violent meafures; and partly from a delire of having him near our people, in order to make ufe of his authority with the natives, if it could be inflrumcntal in maintaining peace. Having ftationed the marines on the top of the moral, which forincd a llrong and advantageous poll, he intruftcd the command to Mr. Bligh, who received the mod pofitive directions to acl lolelyon thedefenfive; and he then went on board the Difcovery, in order to confer with Captain Gierke, on the dangerous fituation of our affairs. He had no fooner left the foot, than the iflandcrs began to annoy our people with ftones ; and juft after he had reached the Ihip, he heard ihe firing of the marines. He therefore haftily returned on fhore, where he found affairs growing every moment more alarming. The natives were providing arms, .and putting on their mats; and their numbers aug- mented veiy faft. He alfo obferved f»veral large bo- dies advancing towards our party along the cliff, by ■which the village of Kakooa is feparated from the north fide of the bay, where Kowrowa is fituate. At firft they attacked our people with ftones from behind the walls of their inclofures, and meeting with no re- liftance, theyfoon became more daring. A few cou- rageous fellows, having crept along the beach, under cover of the rocks, fuddenly prefcnted themfelves at the foot of theaiorai, with an intention of ftorming it on the fide next the fea, which was its only accellible part; and they were not didodged before they had ftood a conliderable quantity of ftiot, and had fecn one of their number fall. The amazing courage of one of thefe affailants defervea to be recorded. Having re- turncvl with a view of carrying off his companion, amidlt the fire of our whole party, he received a wo«md, which obliged him to quit the body, and retire; but, a few minutes afterwards, he again made his appearance, and receiving another wound, was under the necclTity of retreating a fecond time. At that moment Mr. King arrived at the morai, and faw this man return a third time, faint from the lofs of blood and fatigue. Being informed of what had happened, he forbad the foldicrs to lire; and the illander was fuffercd to carry off' his friend, which he was juft able toaccomplifh; and then fell down himfclf,and breathed his lail. About this time a ftrong reinforcement from both Ihips having landed, the natives retreated behind their walls; which aifording Mr. King accefs to the pricfts, he fcnt one of them to exert his endeavours to bring his countrymen to fome terms, and to propofe to them, that if they would delift from throwing ftones, he would not allow our men to fire. This truce was agreed to, and our people were fuffered to launch the maft, and carry off the fails, aftronomical inftruments, &c. without molcf- tation. As foon as our party had quitted the morai, the iflandcrs took poffeflion of it, and fome of them threw a few ftones, which, however, did no mifchief. Between eleven and twelve o'clock, Mr. King arrived on board the Difcovery, where he found that no decifivc plan had been adopted for the regulation of our future proceedings. The recovery of Captain Cook's body, and the rcftitution of the boat, were the objedts, w hich, on all hands, we agreed to infill on; and Mr. King de- clared it as his opinion, that fome vigorous methods Ihould be put in execution, if the demand of them ihould not be inftanily complied with. It may. juftly be fuppofed that Mr. King's feelings, on the death of a beloved and refpctted friend, had (bme lliare in this opinion ; yet there were doubtlefs other rcafons.andthofe of the moft ferious nature, that had fome weight with him. The confidence which the fuccefs of the natives in killing our Commander, and obliging us to leave the fliore, muft naturally have infpired ; and the advantage, however inconfidcrable, which they had gained over us the preceding day, would, he had no doubt, excite them tomake farther dangerous attempts ; and the more particularly, as they had no great rcafon, from what they had hitherto obferved, to dread the ettedsof our fire- arms. This kind of weapon, indeed, contrary to the expectations of us all, had produced in them no figns of terror. On our fide, fuch was the condition of our veffels, and the ftate of difcipline among u; , that, had a vigorous attack been made on us, during the night, the confequences might perhaps have been highly difagree- able. Mr. King was fupported, in thefe apprchcnii;)ns, by the opinion of the greater part of the officers on board; and nothing feemed to him more likily lu en- courage the iflandcrs to make the attempt, than tlie ap- pearance of our being inclined to an accommodation, which they could only impute to wcaknefs or fear. On the other hand it was urged, in favour of more conci- liatory meafures, that the mifchief was already done, and was irreparable; that the natives, by reafon of their former fiiendihip and kindnefs had a ftrong claim to our regard : and the more particularly, as the late calamitous accident did not appear to have taken its rife from any premeditated defign ; that, on the part of Terreeoboo, his ignorance of the theft, his willingncfs to accompany Captain Cook on board the Kcfoluiion, and his having adually fcnt his two fons into the pin- nace, mult refcue his character, in this refpeCl, from the fmalleft degree of fufpicion j that the behaviour of his women, and the chiefs, might eafily be accounted for, from the apprehenlions occafioned in their minds by the armed force, with which Captain Cook landed, and the hoftile preparations in the bay; appearances fo unfuitable to the confidence and fricndfliip, in which both parties had hitherto lived, that the arming of the iflandcrs was manifeftly with a defign to refift the at- tempt, which they had fome reafon to cxpedt would be macfe, to carry ofl^ their fovereign by force, and was naturally to be expected from a people who had a re- markable affcdion for their chiefs. To thefe didates of humanity, other motives of a prudential kind were added; that we were in want of a Amply of water, and other refreftiments; that the Refolution's foremaft would require fevcn or eight days work, before it could beftepped; that the fpring was advancing very faft j and that the fpecdy profecution of our next expedition to the northward, ought now to be our fole objed; and that, therefore, to engage in a vindidlive conteft with the natives, might not only fubjed us to the imputation of necdlefs cruelty, but would require great delay in the equipment of our ftiips. In this latter opinion Captain Gierke concurred} and though Mr. King was convinced, that an early and vigorous difplay of our refentment would have more eftcdually anfwered every objcdt both of prudence and hunnanity, he was, upon COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYACiL-— '! o the I'ACll IC OCKAN, ficc. yji- country incii |hat if they not allow and our id carry off lout molcf- the morai, |ie of them 10 mifchief. arrived on \no dccifivc our future lok's body, ■ifb, which, T. KinjT de- ls hicthods id of thein may. juftly be death of larc in this |ns,andthofc iveight with the natives to leave the advantage, ;aincd over loubt, excite nd the more in « hat they of our tire- trary to the m no (ij^ns ition of our , that, had a le night, the hly difairree- iprcheniions, '. officers on ikuly lu Cil- than the ap. )mniodation, or fear. On more conci. il ready done, iy reafon of ftrong claim ^ as the late ive taken its n the part of s willingncfs : Rcfoluiion, to the pin- :fpeOl, from lehaviour of >e accounted their minds k)ok landed, pcarancesfo 3, in which ming of the efift the at- :dl would be :e, and was I had a rc- cfe didates kind were water, and 's foremaft Fore it could I very fall; : expedition objed; and :onteft with imputation at delay in ter opinion . King was jlay of our vercd every was, upon the the whole, not forry that the meafurcs he had recom- mended were rejedted. For though the contemptuous behaviour of the iflanders, and their fubfcquent oppo- fition to our neceflary occupations on lliore, arilmg moft probably from a mifconftrudion of our lenity, o- bliged us atlaft to havcrecourfe to violence in our own defence; yet he was not certain that the circumftanccs of the cafe would, in the opinion of the generality ot people, have juftified the ule of force, on our part, in the firft inrtance. Cautionary feverity is ever invidious, and the rigour of a preventive .nicafurc, when it is the moft fuccefsful, leaves its expediency the leaft appa- rent. During thefe deliberations, and while we were thus engaged in concerting fome plan for our future opera- tions, a very numerous concourfe of the natives llill kept poirclFion of the lliore; and fome of them coming oft in canoes, approached within piftol-ftiot of the (hips, and infulted us by various marks of defiance and con- tempt. It was extremely difficult to rcftrain the feamcn from the ufe of their arms on thefe occafions; but, as pacific meafurcs had been refolved on, the canoes were allowed to return unmolefted. Mr. King was now or- dered by Captain Clerke to proceed towards the fliorc with the boats of both ihips, well manned and armed, with A view of bringing the iflanders to a parley, and of obtaming, if poflible, a conference with fome of the Erees. If he (liould fuccccd in this attempt, he was to demand thcdcad bodies, and particularly that of Captain Cook : to threaten them, in cafe of a refufal, with our refcntmcnt; but by no means to fire, unlcfs attacked; and not to go alliore on any account whatever. Thefe inftrudions were delivered to Mr. King before the whole party, in the mod pofitive manner ; in confe- quence of which, he and his detachment left the Ihips about four o'clock in the afternoon; and as they ap- proached the ihorc, they perceived every indication of a hoftile reception. The natives were all in motion, the women and children retiring ; the men arming them- felves with long fpcars and daggers, and putting on their war mats. It alfo appeared, that lincc the morn- ing they had thrown up brcaft-works of ftonc along the beach, where Captain Cook had landed ; in cxpedation, perhaps, of an attack at that place. When our party were within reach, the iflanders began to throw ftones at them with flings, but without doing any mifchief Mr. King concluded from thefe appearances, that all at- tempts to bring them to a parley would be inctfedtual, unlefs he gave them fome ground for mutual confi- detice: he therefore ordered the armed boats to flop, and advanced alone in the fmall boat, holding in his hand a white flag; the meaning of which, from an uni- verfal lliout of joy from the natives, he had the fatisfac- tion to find was immediately underftood. The women inftantly returned from the fide of the hill, whither they had retired; the men threw olf their mats, and all fcatcd themfelvcs together by the fea-lide, extending their arms, and inviting Mr. King to land. Notwithflanding fuch behaviour feemcd exiirelTlve of a friendly difpoiition, Mr. King could not avoid en- tertaining fufpicions of its fincerity. But when he faw Koah, with extraordinary boldnefs and alTurance, f-im- niing ofl" towards the boat, with a white Hag in his hand, he thought proper to return this mark of confi- dence, and accordingly received him into the boat, though he was armed ; a circumftance which did not contribute to lelTcn Mr. King's fufpicions. He had in- deed long harboured an unfavourable opinion of Koah. The pricrts had always reprefented him as a perfon of a malicious temper, and no friend to us; and the repeated detcdUons of his fraud and treachery, had convinced us of the truth of their alTertions. Beiides the melan- choly tranfadions of the morning, in which he was fcen performing a principal part, infpired Mr. King with the utmoft horror at finding himfelf fo near him; and as he approached him with Signed tears, and embraced him, Mr. King was fo diftruftful of his intentions, that he took hold of the point of the pahooa, which the chief held in his hand, and turned it from him. He in- foMncd the iflander th»t he had come to demand the i body of Captain Cook, and to declare war againlt the natives, unlcfs it was rellored without delay. Koah af- furcd him that this ihuuld be done as foon as pofllble, and that he would go himfelf for that purpofe; and af- ter rcquefling a piece of iron of Mr. King, with marks of great alTurance, he leaped into the water, and fwam afliore, calling out to his countrymen, that we were all friends again. Our people waited with grgit anxiety near an hour for his return. During this interval, the other boats had approached fo near the (liore, that the men who were in them entered into converfation with a party of the iflanders, at a little diflancc; by whom they were informed, that the Captain's body had been cut to pieces, and carried up the country ; but of this circumlfan c Mr. King was not apprized till his return to the fli.| . He therefore now began toexprefs fome degree of impatience at Koah's delay; upon wiiich the chiefs preffed him exceedingly to land ; alFuring him, that if he would go in perfon to Terrceoboo, the body would be undoubtedly reltored to him. When they found they could not prevail on Mr. Kinp; to go afliore, they endeavoured, on pretence of convening with him with greater caff, to decoy his l)oat among fome rocks, where they might have had it in their power to feparatc him from the other boats. It was eafy to fee through thefe artifices, and he was therefore very dcfirous of breaking off all communication with them ; when a chief approached, who had particularly attached him- felf to Captain Gierke, and the officers of the Difco- vcry, on board which lliip he had fliiicd, when wc lall quitted the bay, intending to take his paifage to the illand of Mowee. He laid he came from Terrceoboo, to acquaint our people that the body was carried up the country, but that it fliould be brought back the follow- ing morning. There appeared much fincerity in his manner; and being alked, if he uttered a fallhood, he hooked together his two fore fingers, which is here un- derflood as the fign of veracity, in the ufe of which thefe iflanders are very fcrupulous. Being now at a lofs how to proceed, Mr. King fent Mr. Vancouver to in- form Captain Clerke of all that had palTcd ; that it was his opinion, the natives did not intend to keep their word with us; and, far from being grieved at what had happened, were on the contrary infpired with great con- fidence on account of their late fuccefs, and /ought only to gain time, till they could plan fome fchcme for get- ting our people into their power. Mr. Vancouver came back with orders for Mr. King to return on board, after giving the iflanders to underltand, that if the body was not rellorcd the next morning, the town fhould be de- flroyed. No fooner did they perceive our party retiring, than they endeavoured to provoke them by the moft contemptuous and infulting gellures. Several of our people faid, they could diftinguifh fome of the natives parading about in the cloaths which had belonged to our unhappy countrymen, and among them, an Erce brandifhing Captain Cook's hanger, and a woman hold- ing the fcabbard. In confequcncc of Mr. King's re- port to CaptJin Gierke, of what he fuppofed to be the prefent temper and difpofition of the inhabitants, the moft effedlual methods were taken to guard againfl any attack they might make during the night. 'The boats were moored with top-chains; additional fentinels were flationed in each of our fhips; and guard-boats were diredled to row round them, in order to prevent the iflanders from cutting the cables. During the nighr, we faw a vail number of lights on the hills, which in- duced fome of us to imagine, that they were removing their effedls farther up into the country, in confequence of our menaces. But it feems more probable, that they were kindled at the facrifices that were performing on account of the war, in which they fuppofed themfelves likely to be engaged; and, perhaps the bodies of our flain countrymen were at that time burning. We af- terwards obferved fires of the fame kind, as we palTcd the ifland of Morotoi ; and which, according to the in- formation we received from fome of the natives then on board, were made on account of a war they had declared againft a neighbouring ifland. This agrees with what wc learned among the Friendly and Society Iflcs, that. ^■1 592 Capt. COO VOYAGES COMPLETE. 10 9U ; I I » vious to any liolUle expedition, the chiefs always en- deavoured to animate the courage of the people, by fcafts and rejoicings in the night. We paflcd the night without any diftiirbancc, except from the howlings and lamentations which were heard on (liorc. On Monday the i cth, early in the morning, Koah Came along-lidc the Kcfolution, with a fmall pig and fomc cloth, which he dcfired pcrmiffion to prclent to Mr. King. Wc have already mentioned, that this olli- cer was Tuppofcd by the iflanders to be the fon of Cap- tain Cook; and as the latter had always fulTercd them to believe it, Mr. King was probably confidcrtd as the chief after his death. As foon as he came on deck, he interrogated Koah with regard to the body; and, on his .returning cvalive anfwcrs, rclufid to accept his prtfcnts; and was on the point of difmifliiig him w ith exprcllions of .-inger and rclcntn)ent, had not Captain Ckrkc, w ith a view of keeping up the appearance of fnendlhip, judged it more proper that he fliould be treated with the cuftoinary refped. This artful prielV came frc<]ucntly to us in the courfc of the morning, with fomc trifling prcfcnt or other; and as we always obfcrvcd him eye- ing every part of the fliip with a great degree of itteii- tion, wc took care he fhould fee we were well prepared for our defence. He was extremely urgent both with Captain Gierke and Mr. King to go on fliorc, imputing the detention of the bodies to the other chiefs, and al- luring thofc gentlemen, that every thing might be ad- jiilKd to their fatisfactioi;, by a perfonal interview with the king. However, they did not think it prudent to comply with Koah's requeit; and indeed a fad came afterwards to their knowledge, which proved his want of veracity. For, they were informed, that imniediately after the action in which Captain Cook had loll his lile, Terrceoboo had retired to a cave in the fteep part of the mountain that hangs over the bay, which was accellible only by means of ropes, and where he continued for fe- veral days, having his proviiions let down to him by cords. After the departure of Koah from the Ihips, we mbfervcd that his countrymen who had airembitd by day-break, in vaft crowds on the fliorc, flocked around him with great eagcrnefs on his landing, as if they wirticd to learn the intelligence he had gained, and w hat llcps were to be taken in confct]uchce of it. It is highly probable, that they expeded we fliould attempt to put our threats in execution; and they appeared fully de- termined to (land their ground. During the whole morning, we heard conchs blowing in various parts of the coalf; large pa. ties were perceived marching over the hills; and, upon the whole, appearances were lb a- larming, that we carried out a ftrcam anchor, for the purpofe of hauling the (liip abreaft of the town, in cafe of an attack; and boats were (lationed oft' the northern point of the bay, in order to prevent a furprizc from the natives in that quarter. Their warlike pollure at prc- fcnt, and the breach of their engagement to reltore the bodies of the flain, occalioned frelh debates among us concerning the meafures which (hould now be puriued. It was at length determined, that nothing ftiould be per- niittcd to interfere with the repair of the Refolution's malt, and the preparations for our departure; but that we fliould neverthelefs continue our ncgociations for the rcftoration of the bodies of our countrymen. The greater part of this day was employed in getting the Ibrc-mafl into a proper fituation on deck, that the car- penters might work upon it ; and alio in making the re- quifite alterations in the commilTions of the officers. The chief command of the expedition having devolved on Captain Gierke, he removed on board the Refolu- tion, promoted Lieutenant Gore to the rank of Cap- tain of the Difcovery, appointed MeiFrs. King and Williamfon tirfl and fecond Lieutenants of the Refolu- tion, and nomin.ited Mr. Harvey, a Midfliipman, who had accompanied Captain Cook during his two lad voyages, to fill the vacant lieutenancy. During the whole day, we fuftaincd no interruption from the iflan- ders: and in the evening, the launch was moored with a top-chain, and guard-boats flationed round each of the fliips as before. About eight o'clock, it being cx- ceedijigly dark, wc heard a canoe paddling towards i^he 3 Ihip: and it was no fooner perceived, than both the fen- tincls on deck fired into it. There were two of the na- tives in this canoe, who immediately roared out " Tin- " ."ce." (which was their method of pronouncing Mr. King's name), and faid they were friends, and had fome- thing with them which belonged to Captain Cook. When they came on board, they threw themfelves at the feet of our officers, and fccmed to be extremely ter- rified. It fortunately happened that neither of them was hurt, notw ithflanding the balls of both pieces had gone through the canoe. One of thefc was the perfon who has been already mentioned under the appellation of the taboo man. who conflantly attended Captain Cook with the particular ceremonies wc have before dcfcribed ; and who, though a man of dillindion in the illand, could fcarcely be prevented from pertorming for him the mofl humiliating olliccs of a menial fervant. .'Vlter bewailing, with many tears,ihe lofs of the Orono, he informed us that he had brought a part of his body. He then gave us a fmall bundle which he brought under his arm; and it is impolTiblc to defcribe the horror w ith wiiicli wc were fci/.cd, upon finding in it a piece of hu- man flelh of the weight of about nine or ten pounds. I his, he faid, was all that now remained of the body; that the rell had been cut in pieces, and burnt; but that the head, and all the bones, except thofe which be- longed to the trunk, were in the pofleflion of Terrceo- boo ami the other chiefs; that what wc faw had been allotted to Kaoo, the chief of the priells, for the purpofe o( being ufcd in fomc religious ceremony ; and that he luul lent it as a telhmony of his innocence, and of his Attachment to U3. We had now an opportunity of learn- ing whether they were cannibals; and wc did not negleOt to avail ourfclvcs of it. We (irll endeavoured, by fe- vcral indirect queflions, put to each of them apart, to gain inforinacion rcfpeCting the manner in which the other Ixxlies had been treated and difpofed of; and find- ing tliein very conllant in one account, that after the rtclh had been cut off", the whole of it was burnt; we at lull put the direct qucllion, whetherthey had not fed on fonieofit; they immediately telHfied as much horror at fucli an idea, as any European would have done; and alkcd, whctl.er that was the pradice among us. They al'tcrwards alked us, with great earncflncfs, and with an appearance of apprehenfion, when the Orono would come again.' and how he would treat them on his re- turn .' the fame enquiry was often made in the fequel by others; and this idea is conUftent with the general tenour of their condud towards him, which indicated that they confidercd him as a being of a fuperior fpccies. We prelTcd our two friendly vifitants to continue on board till the next morning, but we could not [)rcvail upon them. They informed us, that if this tranfaittion fliould come to the knowledge of the king, or any of the other Erees, it might be attended with the molt fatal confe- quences to their whole focicty ; to prevent which, they had been under the neceflity of coming to us in the dark ; and the fame precaution, they faid, w ould be re- quifite in returning on fliore. They further told us, that the chiefs were eager to take revenge on us for the death of their countrymen; and particularly cautioned us a- gainf^ trulling Koah, who, they afTured us, was ou/ im- placable enemy; and ardently longed for an opportunity of fighting us, to which the blowingof the conchs that wc had heard in the morning, was intended as a challenge. It likewife appeared from the information of thefc men, that fevcntecn of their countrymen were flain in the firfl adion, at the village of Kowrowa, five of whom were chiefs; and that Kaneena and his brother, our particu- lar friends, were of that number. Eight, they faid, had loft their lives at the obfervatory; three of whom like- wife were perfons of thefirft diftindion. At eleven o'clock the two natives left us, and took the precaution to delirc that one of our guard-boats might attend them, till they had paflcd the Difcovery, left they fliould again be fired upon, which, by alarming their countrymen on fliorc, might expofe them to the danger of detcdion. This rcqueft was readily complied with, and we had the fa- tisfadion to find, that they reached the land fafc and undifcovercd. During the remainder of this night, we heard ith the fen- of the na- lout " Tin- incing Mr. had fomc- |tain Cook, cmfclvc* at rcmcly tcr- icr of them pieces had the perlbn appellation ci Captain ave before Idion in the lorming for lial fervaiit. the Orono, f his body, lught under horror with piece of hii- ten pounds, fthc body; burnt; but "e \,\ hich bc- of Tcrreeo- \v haii been the purpofe and that he , and of his ity of learn- 1 not negleiJi: iireil, by fe- rn apart, to 1 which the f; and lind- lat after the jurnt ; we at d not fed on much horror le done; and ing us. They and with an )rono would m on his re- n the fequel I the general ;h indicated erior fpccies. continue on prevail upon iltion Ihould of the other fatal confe- which, they o us in the vould be re- told us, that or the death ioned us a- was ou' im- opportunity ichs thatwc J challenge, thefe men, in the (irfl: ivhom were ur particu- ;y laid, had vhoni likc- vcno'clo^^^k in to dclirc in, till they ain be fired on fliorc, on. This lad the fa- id fafe and i night, wc heard COOK'8 THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN^cc^s^ heard the f«rte loud lamentations, as in the preceding one. Early the following morning, we received a vilit frsra Koah. Mr. King was piqued at finding, that not- withftanding the moft glaring marks of treachery m his condudt, and the pofitive declaration of our friends the prietts, he (h«uld ftill be fuffered to carry on the fame farce, and to make ut at leaft appear the dupes of his hy- pocrify. Our fituation was indeed become extremely awk- ward and unpromifing i none of the purpofes for which this pacific plan of proceedings had been adopted, hav- ing hitherto been in any rcfpedl promoted by it. No fatisfadlory anf*er had been given to our demands ; we did not feem to have made any progrefs towards a re- conciliation with the natives; tney dill remained on the (hore in hoftile poftures, as if determined to oppofe any endeavours we might make to go alhorc; and yet it was become abfolutely ncceflary to attempt landing, as the completing our ftock of water would not admit of any longer delay. However, in jufticc to the conduft of Captain Gierke, wc muft remark, that it wa« highly probable, from the great numbers of the iflanders, and from the refolution with which they feemed to exped our approach, that an attack could not have been made without danger; and that the lofs of even a very few men might have been feverely felt by us, during the re- mainder of our voyage: whereas the delaying to put our menaces into execution, though, on the one hand, it di- minfrtied their opinion of our valour, had the effed of occafioning them to difperfeon the other. For this day, about II o'clock, upon finding that we perfiftcd in our inadivity, great bodies of them, after blowing tbeir conchs, and ufing every method of defiance, marched off, over the hills, and never made their appearance after, wards. Thofe, however, who remained, were not the lefs daring and prefumptuous. One of them had the infolence to come within mufquet-fhot a-head of the Refolution, and after throwing feveral ftones at us, waved over his head the hat which had belonged to Captain Cook, while his countrymen afliore were exult- ing and encouraging his audacity. Our people were highly enraged at this infult, and, coming in a body on the quarter-deck, begged they might no longer be o- bliged to put up with fuch reiterated provocations, and requeftcd Mr. King to endeavour to obtain permiffion for them, from Captain Clerke, to take advantage of the firft fair occafion of avenging the death of their much lamented Commander. On Mr. King's acquainting the Captain with what was pailing, he ordered fome great guns to be fired at the illanders on (hore; and promifed the crew, that, if they fhould be mdefted at the water- ing-place, the next day, they Ihould then be permitted to chaftife them. Before we could bring our guns to "bear, the natives had fufpeded our intentions, from the buftic and agitation they obferved in the (hip; and had retired behind their houfes and walls. We were con- fequcntly obliged to fire, in fome degree, at random s notwithlknding which, our (hot produced all the ef. feds we could defire: for, in a Ihort time afterwards, we perceived Koah paddling towards us, witlv the grcatcd haftc; and when he arrived, wc learned that lome people had lofi their lives^ and among the reft Maifiaimaiha, a principal Erec, nearly related to Ter- reeoboo. Not long after Koah's arrival, two boys fwara off from the Moral towards our veifels, each armed with a long (pear; and after they had approached pretty near, they began in a very folcmn manner to chant a fong; the fubjed of A'hich, from their frequently men- tioning the word Orono, and pointing to the village where Captain Cook had been flain, we concluded to be the late calamitous occurrence. Having fung for near a quarter of an hour in a plaintive ftrain, during all which time they continued in the water, they re- paired on board the Difcovery, and delivered up their Ipcars; and after remaining there a fliort time, re- turned on (hore. Wecould never learn who fcnt them', or what was the objed of this ceremony. During the night, we took the ufual precautions for the fecurity of the (hips; and, as foon at it was dark, the two natives, who had vifited us the preceding evening, came off to us^again. They affured us, that though the elftds of -No. 72. our great guns this afternoon, had greatly alarmed the chiefs, they had by no means relinquilhcd their hoiUlc intentions, and thev advifed us to be on our guard. On Wedncfday,'the 17th, the boats of both Jhipa were difpatched afhore to procure water; and the Difcovery was warped clofc to the beach, in order to proted the perfons employed in that fcrvice. We foon found that the intelligence which had been fcnt us by the pric(\s, was not dehitute of foundation, and that the iflanders were determined to negled no opportunity of annoying vn. when it could be done withbut much hazard. The villages, throughout this whole clufterof iflands, are, for the moft part, fituated near the fea; and the adjacent ground is enclofed with ftone walls, of the height of about three feet. Thefe, we at firft (uppofed, were de- figned for the divifion of property; but we now difco- vered that they ferved for a defence againft invafion, for which purpofe they were, perhaps, chiefly intended. They confift of loofe ftones, and the natives are very dexterous in ftiifting them, with great quickncfs, to fuch particular fituations, as the direction of the atuck may occafionally require. In the fides of the moun- tain that ftands near the bay, they have likewife hglcs, or caves, of confidcrable depth, whofe entrance is fe- cured by a fence of a fimilar kind. From behind both thefe ftations, the iflanders perpetually harraflfed our watering party with ftones; nor could the inconfidcrablc force we had on (hore, with the advantage of mufqucts, compel them to retreat. Thus oppofed, our people were fo occupied in attending to their own fafety, that, during the whole forenoon, they filled only one ton of water. It being therefore impolfible for them to per- form this fervice, till their aUailants were driven to a greater diftance, the Difcovery was ordered to diflodge the 'enemy with her great guns; which being ac96m- pliftied by means of a few difcharges, the men landed without moleftation. The natives, however, made their appearance Again foon afterwards, in their ufual method of attack ; and it was now deemed abfolutely necelTar/ to burn down fome ftraggling huts, near the wall be- hind which they had (bettered themfclves. In executing the orders that were given for that purpofe, our people were hurried into adU of unneceffary devaftation and cruelty. Some allowance ought certainly to be made for their refentment of the repeated infults, and contemptu- ous behaviour of the iflanders, and for their natural de- fire of revenging the death of their beloved and re- fpeded Commander. But, at the fame time, their con- dud ftrongly evinced, that the greateft precaution is re- quifite in trufting, even for a moment, thedifcretionary ufe of arms in the hands of private foldiers, or feamen, on fuch occafions. Tlie ftridnefs of difcipline, and the habits of obedience, by which their force is kept di- reded to fuitable objeds, lead them to conceive, that whenever they have the power, they have likewife a right to perform. Adual difobcdience being almoft the only crime for which they exped to rc'ceive punifti- ment, they are apt to confider it as the fole meafure of right and wrong; and hence they aie too ready to con- clude, that what they can do with impunity, they may alfo do confiftently with honour and juftice; fo that the feelings of humanity, and that gcnerofity towards an un- refifting enemy, which; at, other tim^, is a ftri.king diftindion of brave men, become but feeble reftraintf to the exercife of violence,, when fet in oppofition to the defire they naturally have of (hewing their own power and independence. ( < Wc have ibn'orc obferved, that, id iredjtions had been given to bird only a &w>ftnggii<>g houfes, which af- forded (belter to the iflandersi We were therefore greatly furprized on perceivu»{f the whole village in names; and before a bbat, that was fent to ftop the progrefs of the mifchief, ijpuld reach the land, the ha- bitarionbof our old atK:l>cariftant friends, the priefts, were all on fire. Mr. King had^ therefore, great raafon to lament the ittnefsi that tortflivdihi^fttin board this day. The priefts had always been unnilsr his protcdion; and, unfortunately, the officasthcn on.dviy having fel- dom been on ftiore at the Morai, were but little ac> quainted with the circamibiBces of the/ place. Had he 7 L been ;l 594 Capt. COOK'sVOYAOES COMFLETfi. 4 :h ; .1 n.i I'l' mt-- bfen prefcnt himfelf, he might, in all probability, have been the mcani of pnefcrving their little fociety from dcftriKftion, Incfniping from the flames, fevcral of the inhabitants were fhotj and our people cut off-thc heads of two of them, and broujrht them on board. The fate of one unhappy native was much lamented by all of us. As he was repairing to the well for water, he was Ihot at by one of the marines. The ball happened to flrikc his calibafli, which he inllantly threw fropi him, and ran oft'. He was purfued into one of the caves above-mentioned, and no lion could have de- fended hit den with greater bravery and fiercenefsi till at length, after he had found means to keep two of our people at bay for a confiderable time, he expired, co- vered with wounds. Thi= accident firft brought us acv]uainced with the nfe to which thefc caverns are ap- plied. About this time a man, advanced in years, was taken prilbner, bouno,and conveyed on boara the Re- folution, in the fan>e boat, with the heads of his two contrymcn. We never obfervcd horror fo ftrongly por- trayed, as in the face of this perfon, nor fo violent a rranfition to immcdcratc joy, as when he was untied, and given to undc (land, that he might depart in fafcty. He fliewcd us thr.t he was not deficient in gratitude, as he not only ofter. returned afterwards with prefents of provifions, but Jfo did us other fervices. Soon after .:he dcftrudion of the village, we faw, coming dowr the hill, a man, accompanied by fifteen or twenty hoys, who held in their hands pieces of white cloth, plan'ains, green boughs, &c. It happened that this pacifv cmbairv, as foon as they were within feoch, recived 'he fire of a party of our men. This, however, did no", deter them from continuing their procclTicn, and '.he odiccr on duty came up, in time, to prevent a fecond difcharge. As they made a nearer approach, the principal perfon proved to be our friend Kaireekeea, who had Hed when our people firft fet fire to the vil- lage, and had now returned, and expreifed his defire of being fenton board the Refolution. On his arrival we found him extremely thoughtful and grave. We en- deavoured to convince him of the necertity there was of fetting fire to the village, by which his houfe, and thofc of his brethren were unintentionally dcftroyed. He expofluiated with us on our ingratitude and want of friendfhip ; and, indeed, it was not till the prefent mo- ment, that we knew the whole extent of the injury that had been done them. He inffjfi'med us, thai, confiding in the promifes Mr. Kin^ had made them, and as well at in the alTurances they had received from the men, who had brought us fome of Captain Cook's remains, they had not removed their effects back into the coun- try, as the other inhabitants bad done, but had put every valuable article of their own, as well as what they had colledled from us, into i houfe adjoining to the niotai, where they had the mortification to fee it all fet on fire by our people. He had, on coming on board, per- ceived the heads of his two countrymen lying on deck, «t which he was greatly (hocked, and earnenly dcfir^d that they might be thrown over-board. This requeft, by the diredions of Captain Gierke, waa immediately complied with. In the evening «ur watering party rt- turned on board, having fufbuned no farther interrup* tien. We paffbd 'i diugreeable night; the cries nnd lamentations w^ heard from- the fliore being far more dreadful than ever. Our only confolation onihisoc- cafion, arofc from the hopes that a repetition of fuch leverities might not be requificc infature. h is iinne- what remarkable, that,' aoUdft' oil thefc difturbaiices, the female natives, who w^eiei on board, did: not offer to (leave us, ordifco^^ anf aJppithenfions either forthem. felvcs or their friends on more. They appeared,' in- deed, fo pCTfeAly unconcerned, that ibme of them, who were on deck when the village waa inflames, fecmcd to admire thefp^acle, and:fir«itKntiy exclaimed, that it was maitai, or v^ fine. i > , ):. Ori Thuffdif , th« 1 8th, in the morning, die tnache- rous Koah came eS lOThc (hipa, as. uStiaL There being no longer any flcceflitjr fcr keeping terms with hisn, Mc. King was allowed to treat him as he thought proper. When he appraaehed the fidle of the JjUiblutioD, iUng- 3 -T" ing a fong, and ofttring a hog, and fomc plantains, to Mr. King, the latter ordered him to keep off, and cau- tioned him never to make his appearance again with- out the bones of Ciptain Cook, lell his lite ihould pay the forfeit of his repeated breach of faidi. He did not apf)car much mortified with this unwelcome reception, but immediately returned on fliore, and joined a party of his countrymen, who were throwing floncs at our watercrs. The body of the young man, who had been killed the preceding day, was found this morning lying at the entrance of the cavc; and a mat was tnrown over him by fome of our peoplct foon after which they faw feveral of the natives carrying him oif on their (houlders, and could hear them chanting, as they marched, a mournful fong. At ' ..^jth the illandcrs be- ing convinced that it was not the want of ability to chaftize them, which had induced us at firfl to tole- rate their provocations, defined from molefting our Eople; and, towards the evening, a chief, named upo, who had fcldom vifitcd us, but whom we knew to be a man of the firft didinclion, came with prefents Irom Terreeoboo to fue for, peace. Thcfe prefents were accepted, and the chief was difmiflcd with the follow- ing anfwcr : That no peace would be granted, till the remains of Captain Cook fiiould be rcflored. I'rom Eappo we underftoodthat the flclh of all the bones of our people who had been (lain, as well as the bones of the trunks, had been burnt ; that the limb-bones of the marines had been diftributcd among the inferior chiefs; and that the remains of Captain Cook had been difpofcdof as follows: the head to a great Kree, called Kahooopeou; the hair to Maiha-maiha; and the arms, legs, and thighs, to Terreeoboo. After it was dark, many of the natives came off with various forts of ve- getables; and we alfo received from Kaircekcea two larige prefents of the fame articles. On the 1 9th we were principally employed in fend- ing and receiving the mclTages that pafl'ed between Captain Clerkeand the old king. £appp was very ur- gi.nt, that one of our officers fliould go on (horc ; and offered to remain on board, in the mean time, as an hofUge. This requef^, however, was not complied with ; and he left us widi a promifc- of bringing the bones the following day. Our watering party, at the beach, did not meet with the lead oppofition from the ifianders; who notwithftanding our cautious behaviour, again ventured themfclves among us without any marks of diffidence or apprehenlion. On Saturday the 20th, enrly in the morning, we had thefatisfadlion of getting the fore-maft ffeppcd. This operation was attended with confiderable difficulty, and fome danger, our ropes being fo extremely rotten, that the purchafe feveral times gave way. Between the hours of ten and eleven, we faw ^ numerous body of the natives dcfcending the hill, which is over the beach, in a fort of proqeflion, each man carrying on his (boulders two or three fugar- canes, and fome bread-fruit, plantains, and tare, in his hand. Thry were preceded by two drummers, who, when they ic ached the water-fide, featcd them- felves by a white flag, and began beating their drums, while thofc who had followed them, advanced, one bf onct and depofited the prefents they had brought with them ; after which they retired in the fame order. Soon afterwards £appo appeared in his long feathered cloak, bearing fomething wid. great folemhity in his hands j and having Rationed himfelf on a rock, he made (igns that a bo- "Hould be (ent hi-n. Captain Clerke, fup- pofint h"! :'.ie chief had brought the bones of our late Conranodorr (which, indeed, proved to be the caft), went himfelf in the pinnace to receive them, and or- dered Mr. King to attend him in the cutter. When they arrived at the beach, Eappo. entering the pinnace, delivered the bones to Captam Clerke, wrapped up i^ a great quantity of fine new olothj and covered with 4 fpottcd dtiak of black and white feathers. ; He after;* wards att^ded our gentlemen to the Refolution, but could not be prevailed on to accompany them on board j being,, perhaps, from a fenfe of decency, unwiW'Og to be orelcntat the opening of the prcel. In] this we found both the hands of Captain Cook entire, ,*vhich were pntaini, to I and caii- tain \»ith- Ihould pay ie did not J reception, led a piirty (nes at our had been hniiiB lying |us thrown khich they |f on their M they landers bc> |l' ability to rft to tolc- llcfting our \ef, named we knew Ith prefcnts rcfents were the follow- \ei\, till the ted. I'Voni |he bones of e bones of ib-boncs of he inferior >k had been iree, called d the arms, was dark, forts of vc- cekcea two ed in fend- ed between vas very ur- fhore; and time, as an 3t complied wringing the ^arty, at the on from the IS behaviour, Jt any marks lay the 20th, n of getting r'as attended er, our ropes ;hafe fevcral I and eleven, fcending the f proqciTion, three fugar- ind taro, in drummers, eatcd them- their drums, ced, one by irought with ord^- Soon lered cloak, his hands,! made iigns i^lerke, fup- I of our late E the cafe), ■m, and or-» ler. When the pinnace, ippcd up in ered wirh^ ; Hoaftcrr> blutiont but m on beard I jnvfUliog to In! this wc itire, which were COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. J95 *crc well known to us from a fear on one of them, that divided the fore-finger frimthc thumb, the whole length of the metacarpal bone j the ftull, but with the fcafp fcparatcd from it, and the hones of the face want- ing; the fcalp, with the ears adhering to it, and the hair upon it cut fhort ; the bones of both the arms, with the Ikin of the fore-arms hanging to thenu the bones of the thighs and legs joined together, but without the feet. The ligaments of the joints were obfcrvcd to be entire I and the whole Ihewed fufficicnt marks of hav- ing been in the fire, except the hands, which had the Hem rtmaining upon them, and were cut in fcveral places, and crammed with fait, nioft probably with a view of preferving them. The (kull was free from any fradure, but the kalp had a cut in the back part of it. The lower jaw and feet, which were wanting, had been fcizcd, as Kappo informed us, by difterent Erees; and he alfo told us, that Terrceoboo was ufing every means to recover them. The next morning, being the 21ft of February, Eappo,and the king's Ibn, came on board, and brought with them not only the remaining bones of Captain Cook, but likcwife the barrels of his gun, his Inocs, and fomc other trifles which had belonged to him. Eappo affurcd us. that Terrceoboo, Maiha-hiaiha, and himfdf were extremely defirout of peace; that they had given us the moft convmcing proofs of it; and that they had been prevented from giving it (boner by the other chiefs, many 6f whom were ftill difaft'edted to us. He lamented, with the moft lively forrow, the death of fix chiefs, who hiid been killed by our people; fomc of whom, he faid, were among our beft friends. He informed us, that the cutter had been taken away by Pareea's people, probably In revenge for the blow that he had received ; and that it had been broken up the fol- lowing d.ny. The arms of the marines, which we had alfo demanded, had been carried off, he faid, by the po- pulace and were irrecoverable. Nothing now rcraained, but to perform the laft fo- lemnoflices to our excellent Commander. Eappo was difmiflcd with orders to taboo all the bay; and, in the afternoon, his remains having been depofited in a coffin, the funeral fcrvicc was read over them, and they were committed to the deep with the ufual military honours. Our feelings, on this mournful occation, arc more eafy to be conceived than expreflcd. CHAP. XVI. I'bc Tiiho kid on ibe bay tah-ii off, and the Jhips furrounded utlb caiwes— Orders for the Re/olutioH and Difcwery to be un- moored—Tbey ^veiab ancbor ami lake ibeir depurtiire Jrom Karakakuoabay—Satl in qiieft of a harbour oit the foul b-eajl fide of Mnvee— Driven It leeward by theeurreni, andjirong eajierly %vmds~P^s Toboorowa—Soulb-weJl Jide of Mo- u-ee defcribed— Proceed lo U'oalm—lls mrib coajl defcrtbed—Difa'ppoinled in allempling lo waler—Sail to Aloot; and ancbnr in U'ymoa bay— The milrves ml fo friendly as br/ore— Their iiifolence in demundiug a bal cbel for every caji of water — Trial our people with contempt — Steal Lieutenant Kinf^'s biviger — Their iufolence at the -water fide — Are fired at by l-Ko marines— One of them wounded — // vifitfrom the contending Chief s-^TheJbips anchor off Oueehetnv — Their depar- ture—A correct, copiotis.and complete account of Sandwich Ijlands — Rslenl of Owljybee, tbelargeft of the whole group-- Its dillrills, coafts, adjacent country, iSc. defcribed— An account of fe-veral other ijlands — A particular and full account of Ibe inbabilams of Sandwkb Ijlands— Divi/ion of the people into three ela/es— -Genealogical af count of the kings of Ozvby- ive and Mowee—Aktbority of Ibe Erees — Tyramiyof Pareea exercifed on an inferior thief — An account of their religion— Their fociely of prices — Their ideas of a future JitUe — A particular defcriftion of the word Taboo — A remarkable injiance tf jealoi^y-^Fiineral ceremonies at ihededthofaHold Ojief,(^c. (^c. isc. ON the 22nd of February, 1779, duringthe morn- ing, not a canoe came near the bay, the taboo, which Eappo, at our requeft, had laid on it the preceding day, having not yet been taken off. At length that chief came on board; when we alfured him that wc were now pcrfedly fatisfied; and that, as the Orono was buried, all remembrance of the late unhi^ppy tranf- adions was buried with him. We afterwards requefied him to take off the taboo, and to make it known, that the illanders might bring provifions to us as uTual. The fliips were foon fiirrounded with canoes, and many of the Erees came on board, exprefTing their grief at what had happened, and their iatisfadion at our recon- ciliation. Several of our friends, who did not favour us with a vifit, fent prefcnts of large hogs, and other provifions. Among the reft, the old treacherous Koah came off to us, but we refufed him admittance. We w«re now preparing to put to fea, and Captain Clerke imagining, that, if the iiitclligence of our proceedings Ihould reach the iflands to leeward before us, it might have a bad effect, gave orders, that the fiiips (hpuld be unmoored. About eight in the evening, we difmiffed all the natives; and Eappo, and the friendly Kaircekeca, took their leave df us in a very affefiionatc manner. We immediately weighed anchor, aiK] ftood out of Ka- rakakooa bay. The iflanders were aflcmWed in great numbers on the ihorc; and, as we paffed along, received our laft farewels, with every mark of good* will and afl- fedtioHi About ten o'clock P. M. having cleared the . land, wc ftood to the northward, with a view of Search- ing for an harbour, which the natives had often men. fioned, on the fiiuth^eaft fide of Mowce. We found owrfelves, the next morning, driven to Icpward, by a TwcU from the N. E. and a frefti gale, f«)m«hc fame quarter, drove us ftill farther to the weft«ard. At ■midni^t we tttcked and flood fouir hours to the S. to keep clear of the land ; and, at day-break, on the 24th, wc were ftanding towards a fmall barren ifland, named Tahoorowa, about feven miles S, W. of Mowee. 1-Iav- ing now no profpeif): of making a clofer examination of the S. E. parts of Mowee, we bore away, and kept along the S. E. fide of Tahoorowa. Steering clofe . round its wcftem extremity, in order to fetch the W. fide of Mowee, we fuddenly ftioaled our water, and faw the fea breaking on fomc rocks almoft right a-head. We then kept away about a league and a half, and again fteered to the northward; when we ftood for a paffage between Mowce, and an ifland named Ranai. 1/1 t^c afternoon, the weather was calm, with light airs from the W. We ftood to the N. N. W. but obferv- inga (hoal about funfet, and the weather beine unfet- tied, we ftood towards the S. Wc had paffed the S. W. fide of this ifland, without lieing able to approach the ihore. It forms the fame diftant view as the N. E. as feen when we returned from the N. in November, 1778; the hilly parts, connedledby a low flat ifthmus, . having, at the firft view, the appearance of two feparate iflands. This deceptive appearance continued, till wc were within about ten leagues of the coafl, which bend- ing a great way inward, formed a capacious bay. The wefternmoft point, off' which thefhoal runs that we have jufl; now mentioned, is rendered rcniarkable by a fmall hillock : S. of which is a fine fandy bay ; and, on the . ihore, are leveral huts, with plenty of cocoa-trees about them. In the courfe of the day, fevcral of the natives vifited us, and brought provifions with them. We pr6- Cently difcovered, tlut they had heard of our unfortu- nate difafters at Owhyhee. They were extremely anx- ious to be informed of the particulars, from a woman who had hid hcrfelf in the Refolution, in order to ob- tain a j>affage to Atooi ; making particular enquiries aboutParcea, and fomc other chiefs ; and fccming much agitated '■■i i I,. ^ it, I : , Si . ■ f' Si}6 Capt. COOK't VOYAGES COMPLETE, ■'tf' agiuted at the death of Kaneeniu and hia brother, wjt, in wfiatevcr light this bufincia migh'' !iave been Tcprefcntcd by the wonmn, k produced no bad dft& in their behaviour, which waa civil and obhging to an ex« treme. On Thuifday, the a5th, in thenwming,theWtnd be- ing at E. we {Veered along the S. fide of Ranai, till al- mod noont when We had oaffling winds and cainu till the evening ; after which, we had a light cafterly breexe, and fteercd for the W. of Morotoi. The current, which had fet from the N. E. ever fince we left Kara- kakooa bay, changed its direction, in the courfe of this day, to the S. E. The wind was again variable during the night ; bur, early in the momins of the a6th, it fet- tled at E. blowing lo frefli, u to oblige us to double- reef the top.fails. At fevcn, we opened a fmali bay, diftant about two leagues, having a fine fiindy beach i but not perceiving any appearance of freih water, we endeavoured to get to the windward of Woahoo, an ifland which we had fcen in January, 1778. We faw the land about two in the afternoon, bearing W. by N. at the diftance of about eight leagues. We tacked, as foon as it xas dark, and again bore away at day-light on the 27th. Between ten and eleven, we were about a league off ific fhore, and near the middle of the N. E. fide of the ifland. The coaft to the northward, confifls of detached hills, afccnding perpendicularly from the feai the fides being covered with wood, and the vallies, between them, ap- pearing to be fertile, and well cultivated. An exten* nve bay was obfervable to the fouihward. bounded, to the S. E. by a low point of land, covered with cocoa- nut trees ; off which, an infulated rock appeared, at the diflance of a mile from the fliore. The windcon- tinuing to blow frefti. we were unwilling to entangle ourfelvcs with a lee-fliore. Inflead of attempting, there- fbre, to examine the bay, we hauled up, and (leered in the diredion of the coalV. At noon, we were about two leagues from the ifland, and a-breafl of the N. '^'>int of it. It is low and flat, having a reef ftretching >* almoft a mile and an half. Between the N. point, and a head-land to the S. W. the land bends inward, and fcemed to promife a good road. We therefore (leered along the fhore, at abo..: a rnile difiance. At two, we were induced, by the fight of a fine river, to anchor in thirteen fathoms water. In the afternoon, Mr. King attended the two Captains on (hore, where few of the natives were to be feen, and thoTe princi- pally women. The men, we were informed, were gone to Morotoi, to fight Tahyterreej but their chief. Per- recoranec, remained behind, and would certainly attend us, as foon as he was informed of our arrival. To our great difappointment, the water had a brackifh tade, tor about two hundred yards up the river j beyond which, however, it was pierfedly ficfh, and was a de- lightful ftream. Farther up, we came to the conflux of two fmall rivulets, branching ofT to the right and left of a deep romantic mountain. The banks of the ri- ver, and all tharwe' faw of Woahoo, ttt in fine culti- vation, and full of villages t the face of the country be- ing aifo remarkably Mautifiil and piiflurefqiie. It would have been a laborious bufinefs to have watered at this place, Mr. King was therefbredifpatched tofearch about the coaft to leeward s but, being unable to land, on account of a reef of coral^ which extended along the (hore. Captain Clerk refolved to proceed immedi- ately to Atoqi. In the morning, about eight, we weighed and Hood to the north; and, on Sunday, the iStn, at day- light, we bore away for that ifland, and were in fight of it by noon. We were ofl' its eaflern extremity, which is a green flat point, about fun-fet. As it was ilark, we did not venture to run for the road on the S. \V. fide, burfpurft the night \t\ plying on and offj and anchored, at nine the next morning, being Monday the I fl of March, in 45 fathoms water. lin running down, from the S. E. point of the ifland, we faw, in many places, the appearance of (hoal water, at fame diftancc from the land. Being anchored in our old (lation, feveral canoes came tovifit u«t but it was very obrcrvable. that there was noc that appearance of cer- diality in their manner, and complaccnty in their courttenances, as when we faw them lx:lbrc. They had nofoonergot onboard, but one of them informed us, that we had communicateti a difnrdcr to the women, which had killed many perfons of both fexes. He. at * that time, was aff^idled with the venereal difeafe, and minutely defcribcd the various fymptoms which hnd attended it. As no appearance of that diforder had beenobfervedamongll them, on our flrft arrival, we were, it is to be feared, the authors of this irreparable mifchief. What we had fkincipally in view, at this place, was to water the fliipa with as much expedition as poflliblet and Mr. King wu fent on (hore in the af- ternoon, with the launch and pinnace, laden with caflts. He was accompanied by the gunner of the Refolution, who was inflruified to trade for fome provifions 1 and they were attended by a guard of five marines. Multi- tudes of people were collKled upon the beacH; by whom, at firft, we were kindly received; but, afcer we had landed the calks, they b^an to be exceedingly trouble^ fome. Knowing from experience, how difficult a talk it was to reprefs this difpofition, without the interpofi- tion of their chiefs, we were forry to be informed, that they were all at adiflant part of the ifland. Indeed, we both felt and lamented the want of their alTiftancc ; for we could hardjy form a circle, as our pradlice ufually was, for the fafety and convenience of the trading party. No (boner had we taken this flip, and polled marines to keep ofl^ the populace, than a man took hold of the bayonet belongintr to one of the foldicr's inuf- quets, and endeavoured to wrench it forcibly from his hand. Mr. King immediately advanced towards them, when the native quitted his hold, and retired i but immediately returned, having'a fpear in one hand, and a dagger in the other; and it was with difficulty that his countrymen could reflrain him from engaging with the foldier. This affray was occafioned by the na- tive's having received, from the foldier, a flight prick with his bayonet, to induce him to keep without the line. At this time, our fituation required great ma- nap;ement and circumfpedlion; Mr. King accordingly enjoined, that no one fhould prefume to fire, or proceei) to any other adof violence, without pofitive commands. Having given thefe inflrudions, he was fummoned to the alunance of the watering party, where he found the natives in the fame mifchievous ciifpofition. They had Eeremptorily demanded, for every caflc of water, a large atcheti which not being complied with, they would not permit the failors to roll them to the boats. When Mr. King had joined them, one of the natives ap- proached him, with great infolence, and made the fame demand. Mr. King told him, that as a friend, he waa welcome to a hatchet, but he certainly would carry olT the water, without paying for it ; and inflantly ordered the pinnace men to proceed ; at the fame tiine calling for three marines, from the trading party, toprotcdt them. This becoming fpirit fo far (ucceedcd, as to prevent any daring attempt to interrupt us ; but they ' (lill perfevered in me mod teafing and infulting beha.^ viour. Some of them, under pretence of aflifting the Tailors, in rolling the cafl ; at the fame Its wc were able. COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. s')7 able. Mr. King was. however, fomcwhat alarmed, on being foon after informed by the fcrjcant of marines, that, turning fuddcniy round, he faw a man behind him. armed with a dagger, in the polition of (Irikmg. Though he might, perhaps, be mirtakcn, in thit parti- cular, our fituation was truly critical and alarming; and the fmallcft error or miftake, on our part, might have been of fatal confcqucnces. Our people being fcparatcd into three fmall parties; one filling calks at the lake; another rolling them to the Ihore; and a third purchiiling provilions; Mr. King had fome intentions of colleaing them together, in order to protcd the performance of one duty at a time. But, on due reflcdion, he thought it nwrc advifcableto let them proceed as they had begun. If a rial, attack had been made, even our whole force could have made but a poor refillancc. He thought, on the other hand, that fuch a flip might operate to our difadvantage, as being an evident token of our fears. Bcfidcs. in the prcfcntcafe, the crowd was kept divided, and many of them wholly occupied in bartering. Perhaps the luin- cipal caufe of their not attacking us was, their dread of the effedls of our arms; and, as wc appeared to place fo much confidence in this advantage, as to on- pofeonly five marines to fuch a multitude of people, their ideas of our fupcriority muft have been greatly exalted. It was ourbufinefs to chcrifh this opinion; and, it iriuft ever be acknowledged, to the honour of the whole party, that it was impolTible for any men to behave better, in order to ftrengthcn thcfe impreflions. Whatever could be confidcred as a jeft. they received with patience and good-naturc; but, if they were in- terrupted by any ferious attempt, they oppofed it with refolute looks and menaces. At length, we fo far fuc- ceeded, as to get all our calks to the fea-fide, without any accident of confequcnce: but, while our people were getting the calks into the launch, the inhabitants, thinking they lliould have no farther opportunity of plundering, grew more daring and infolcnt. The fer- jeant of marines luckily fuggefted to Mr. King, the ad- vantage of fending off his p«rty firft into the boats, by which means the mufquets would be taken out of their reach; which, as above related, were the grand objcdls the iflandeps had in view : and, if they (hould happen to attack us, the marines could more effcdually de- fend us, than if they were on Ihore. Every thing was now in the boats, and only Mr. King, Mr. Anderfon. the gunner, and a feamanof the boat's crew, remained on lliorc. The pinnace laying beyond the furf, which we were under a neccflity of Iwimming through, Mr. King ordered the other two to make the beft of their way to it, and told them he would follow them. They both refufed to comply with this order, and it became a natter of conteft, who fliould be the laft on (liore. Some hafty exprcfllon, it feems. Mr. King had juft be- fore made ufc of to the failor. which he confidcred as a reflrdion on his courag?, and excited his refcntment; and the old gunner, as a point of honour was now ftartcd. conceived it to be his duty to take a part in it. In this whiiufital fituation, they, perhaps, might have long remained, had not the difpute been fettled by the fiones, which began to fly plentifully about us, and by the cxrlamationsof the people from the boats, begging us to be expeditious, jis the natives were armed with clubs and fpcars, and purfuing us into the water. Mr. King arrived (irft at the pinnace, and, perceiving Mr. Andcrfon was fo fiir behind, as not to be entirely out of danger, he ordered one mufquct to be fired ; but, in the hurry of executing his orders, the marines fired two. The natives immediately ran away, leaving only one inan and woman on the beach. The man attempted to rifefeveral entioncd, accompanied with circumnantiai delcripiioni of his death and dellrudlion, he concluded, that they had received intelligence of the unfortunate events at Owhyhee, to which they alluded. Uut they wereonly endeavouring to makchmi underfland, what wart had arifen on account of the goat.4, which Cnp- tain Cook had left at Onecheow, and that the poor goats had been flaughtcred, during the coined for the property of them. Captain CIcrke, apjilying thefe fhocking reprefentations to our inijloriunes at Owhy- hee, and to an indication of revenge, fixed his tclefcoue upon us the whole time ; and, as foon as he faw the fmoke of the mufquets, ordered the boats to be put off to our affiflance. OnTuefday, the id of March, in the morning, Mr. King was again ordered 00 (hore, with the watering party. As wc had fo narrowly efcapcd the preceding day. Captain Gierke augmented our force frniii both Oiips, and we had a guard of forty men under arms. This precaution, however, was found to he unncccfTary ; for the be.nch was left entirely to ourfelvcs, and the ground, extending from the landing-place to the lake, tabooed. Hence we concluded, that fome of the chiefs had vifited this quarter; w ho, being unable to flay, had confiderately taken this (Icp, that we might be accom- modated with fafcty. Several men appeared with fpcars and daggers, on the other fide of the river, but never attempted to moleft us. Their women came over, and fcated themfelves clofc by us, on the banks; and about the middle of the day, fome of the men were prevailed on to bring us hogs and roots, and alfo to drcfs them for us. When we had left the beach, they came down to the fea-fide, and one of them had the audacity to throw a ftone at us ; but, as his condudl was highly cenfurcd by the reft, we did not exprefs any kind of refcntment. On the 3d, we completed our watering, without much difficulty; and, on returning to the ftiips. wc were in- formed, that feveral chiefs had been on Doard, and had apologized for the condudl of their countrymen, attri- buting their riotpus behaviour to the quarrels then fub- fifling among tlie principal people of the ifland, and which had deflroyed all order and fubordination. At this timcthc government of Atioot was difputed between Toneonco, who had the fuprcme power when we were there the preceding year, and a youth named Tea\ ec. By different fathers, they are both the grandfons of Pereeorannee, king of Woahoo; who gave Atooi to the fotmcr, and Oneeheow to the latter. The quarrel originated about the goats which wc had left at Onee- heow the year before; they being qlaiimd by Tonco- neo, as that ifland was a dependency of his. The ad- herents of Teavce infilling on the right of pofTeinon, both parties prepared to fupport their prctenlions, and a battle enfued jufl before our arrival, wherein Toneo- nco had been defeated. Tonconeo was likely to be- come more affedtcd by the confequcnce of this vidory, than by the lofsof the objcds in difpute; for the mo- ther of Teavec having married a fccond hulband, who was not only a chief at Atooi, but alfo at the head of a powerful fadion there, he thought of embracing the prcfent opportunity of driving Tonconeo out of the ifland, that his fon. in-law might fuccced to the goverii- raent. The goats, which had incrcafed to fix, and would probably have ftocked thefe iflands in a few years, were deftroyed in this conteft. Thurfday, the 4th, we were vifited, on board the Refolutioji, by the father-in-law, the mother, and the fifter of the young prince, who made feveral curious prcfcnts to Captain CIcrke. Among the reft, were fome fifli-hooks, which were made from the bones of Terreeoboo's father, who had been killed in an unfuccefsful defcent upon Woa- hoo. Alfo a fly-flap, from the hands of the prince's fifter, which had a human bone for its handle, and had been given to her by her father-in-law,asa trophy. They were not accompanied by young Tcayee, he being then engaged in the performance of fome religious rites, on account of the vidory he had obtained. The 5th and 6th, were employed in completing the Difcovcry's water, 7 M The !i .1! < St S9« Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. Thr carpcfitcn were enKaf^rd in caulkins the fliips, and preparing for our next cruife. VVc no Umucr received any moledation from the nativei, who fupplied ui plen- tifully with pork and vcgctahlci. I'hit day Mc were vilited by an Indian, who brought ■ piece of iron on Ixmrd, to lie formed into the Ihaiic of a p:iho<)a. It wai the bolt of fome lari^c (hip timucrH, but neither the olficcrs nor men could ilifcovcr to what nation it bclon>?cd ! though from the lha|)eof the bolt, and the palencfn of the iron, they were convinced it was not I'.n^lilli, They enquired (Uit-'tly of the native how became pollbflld of it, when he informed them, that it was takeii out of a lar^c piece of timber, which had been driven u^ion their ilUnd, fincc wc were there in January, 1778. On Sunday, the 7th, we received 1 vifit from Tonc- onco, at which we were furprized. Hearing the dowa- pcr princcfs was on board, he could hardly be prevailed on to enter the (lup. When they met, they cart an an- [•ly lowering look at each other. He did not ftay long, and appeared much dcjecled. Wc remarked, however, w ith fome dej;rec of furpri/.e, that the women proftra- ted thcmfclves before him, both at his coming and. goinjr away ; and all the natives on board treated him with that refpctit which is ufually paid to pcrfont of his rank. It was fomewhat remarkable, that a man, who u ho was then in a (late of adual hoftility with Teavee'i party, Ibould venture alone within the mwerof his ene- mies. Indeed, the civil diffenlions, which are frequent in all the fouth fea idands, fecm to be conduced with- out much acrimony t the depofed governor ftill enjoy- ing the rank of an Eree, and may put in pradicc fuch means as may arife, to regain the confequcncc which he has loft. On the 8th, at nine in the morning, wc weighed, and proceeded towards Oneeheow, and came to anchor in 20 fathoms water, at about three in the afternoon, nearly on the fpot where wc anchored in 1778, With the other anchor, we moored in 26 fathoms water. We had a ftrong gale from the eaftward in the nicht, and, the next morning, the (hip had driven a whole cable's len|;tli, both anchors being almoft brought a-head; in which fituation wc were ooligecl to continue, this and the two following dayi. On Friday, the 1 2th, the weather being more mode- fate, the Mafter was difpatchcd to the N. W. fide of the idand, in fearch of a more commodious place for an- choring. In the evening he returned, having found a tine bay, with good anchbragc, in 1 8 fathoms water. The points of the bay were in the direilion of N. by E. and 5. by W. A fmall village wis fituated on the N. fide of the bay, to the eaftwaraof which were four wells of good water. Mr. Bligh went far enougti to the iN. to convince himfelf that Oreehoua, and CJneehcow, were two fcparatc iflands. Being now on the point of taking our final leave of the Satulwich Iflands, it may be pro- per to give here a general and corred account of their fituation, and natural hillory, as well ds of the cuftomn and manners of the natives; which will ferve as a kind of fupplcment to a former dcfcription, the rcfult of our firft vifit to thtfc illands. This group is compofed of 1 1 iflands, extending in long, from 199 dcg. •{6min. to 205 deg. 6 min. E. and in lat. from 18 deg. 54 min. to 22 deg. 15 min. N. Their names, according to the natives, are, i . Owhyhec, 2. Atooi, Atowi, or Towi; which is alfo fometimes called Kowi. ;{. Woahoo, or Oahoo. 4. Mowcc. 5. Morotoi, or Morokoi. 6. Oreehoua, or Reehoua. 7. Morotinnce, or Morokinncc. 8. Tahoora, 9. Ranai, or Oranai. 1 o. Oneeheow, or Neheeow. 1 1 . Kahow- rowee, or Tahoorowa, Thefc are all inhabited, except Tahoora and Morotinnce. Belides thofc we have enu- merated, wc he^rd of another ifland named Modoo-pa- ppa, or Komodoo-papapa, fituated to the W. S. W. of Tahoora ; it is low and fandy, and is vifited folely for the purpofe of catching turtle and water-fowl. As wc could never learn that the natives had knowledge of any other iflands, it is moft probable that no others exid In their neighbourhood. Captain Cook had diftinguiihed this clulter of iflandi by the name of the Sandwich 1 . , Iflandi, in honour of the Earl of Sandwich, then M\ l.ird of the Admiralty, under whofe adminrtlr.ition he had cnriche i Oeoj'Mphy with fo many valuable difco- veritsi a tri'nite luftly due to that nobleman, for the encouragcmeit and fiipport which thefc voyages de. rived from hi* (lowcr, and for the /.ealous eagf rnefi with which he feconded the views of our illuflrious navi- gitor. The mod e.fterly ol thcfe illaniN, called Owhyhec, and by far the largcft of them all. is of a triangular fi- gure, and ncirly equilateral. The angular points con- liitiite the northern, fouthcrn, and eallern extremities. The lat. o( the northern extreme is 20 dcg. 17 min. N. and its long, 304 dcg 1 min. K. the fiiuthern end fiandi in the long, of 204 dcg. 1 5 min. E. and in the lat. of 1 8 deg. 54 min. N. and the eallern extremity is in the lat. ot ig deg. jf min. N. and in the long, of aoj des. 6 min. E. The circumference of the whole ifland it about 25 J geographical miles, or 293 Englilh ones. Its breadth is 24 leagues 1 and its grcateft length, which lies nearly in a N. and S. diredion, is 38 Icigucs and a half. It is divided into fix cxtenlive diftricis, namely, Akona and Koaarra, which arc on the W. lidc) Kaoo and Opoona, on the S. E. and Aheedoo and Amakooa, on the N. E. A mountain, named Mouna Kaah, (or the mountain Kaah) which rifct in three peaks, conti- nually covered Vvith fnow, and may be difccrned at the diftar.cc of 40 leagues, feparates the diftridt of Ama« kooa from that of Aheedoo. The coaft, to the north- ward of thij mountain, is compofed of high and abmpt clifi's, down which fall many beautiful cafcades of water. We once flattered ourfelvcs with the hopes of finding a harbour round a blufli'head, on a part of this coall, in the lat. of 20 d«-g 10 min. N. and thelong. of 204dcg. 26 min. E. but ^fter we hatl doubled the point, and were ftanding dole in, wc found that it was connciftcd, by a low valky, i\ .ih another elevated head to the north- wellward. 'i'he country riles inland with a gradual afcent, and is interfered by narrow deep glens, or ra- ther chafms : it feemed to be well cultivated, and to have many villages fcattcied about it. The fnnWy moun- tain above-mentioned is very fieep, and its loweft part abounds with wood. The coaft of Aheedoo is of a mo- derate elevation ; and the interior parts have the appear- ance of being more even than the country toward* the N. W. Wc cruifcd off thefc two diftndli for near a month ; and whenever our diftance from the fhore would permit, were furroiindcd by canoes laden with refrcfli- ments of every kind. On this fide of the ifland, we of- ten met with a very heavy Tea, and a great fwcll; and, as there was much foul ground otf the Ihorc, wc feldom made a nearer approach to the land than two or three leagues. Towards the N. E. of Apoona, the coaft, which conftttutes the caftcrn extreme of the ifland, is rather low and flat. In the inland parts the acclivity it very gradual; and the country abounds with bread-fruit, and cocoa-nut trees. This appeared to us to be the fined part of the whole ifland ; and wc were afterwards in- formed, that the king occafionally refided here. The hills, at the fouth-weftern extremity, rife with fome ab- ruptnefs from the fea-fide, leaving only a narrow bor- der of low land towards the beach. The fides of thcfe hills were covered with verdure; but the adjacent cpun- try feemed thinly inhabited. When our (hips douoled the E. point of the ifland, wc had fight of another fnowy mountain, called by the natives, Mouna Roa (or the extenfive mountain) which, during the whole time wc were failing along the fouth-eaftern fide, continued to be a very confpicuous objeifl. It was flat at the fum- mit, which was perpetually involved in fnow; and we once obfcrved its fides alfo flightly covered with it for a confiderabte way down. According to the tropical line of (how, as determined by Monfieur Condamine, from obfcrvations made on the Cordilleras in America, the height of this mountain muft be, at lead, 16,020 feet. It therefore exceeds the height of the Pico dc Teydc, or Peak of Tenerifle, by 3680 feet, according to the com- putation of the Chevalier dc Borda, or 724, according to that of Dr. Heberdcn. the peaks of Mouna Kaah feemed to be of the height of about half a mile ; and, a* en Hrll inn he dirco. for the r« with t navi> hyhcf, iilar li. u con- ^ n n i— I a: a C/5 ?< M 1- ^ I- V I N I I ■< % ^ •( ' . \ im ,;l • i.l'"- •' .'I ^1 ' V ■J ■ ^: 'J? \v^i ^> ,'iff t r.. A^^^ I ' jf.-'i'" • ' -it ll ^H it I'H r »* »'!! l!: FP ■'J T I I T r+-r-'-T-r*--r l l l (t-ii r ■.-r-.-r-( . . , ,^-f-r-^ 'ff- rill I— L-L-; -^ I -a ^ Z'tti 1 COOK'S THIRD and LAST' VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 599 ) M they are wholly covered with fnow, the altitude of their fummits muft at Icaft be i {1,400 feet. The diftridl of Kaoo exhibits a mod horrid and dif- ni,»l profpctfti the whole country haying, to appearance, undergone an entire change from the confequenclts'of ibinc dreadful conVuHion, The ground is, in all parts, covered with cinders; and, in many places, interfc(Jlcd ^»ith blaikifh ftrcaks, which lecm to mark the proprcfs of a lava that has flowed, not many centuries a<;o, from Mouna Roa to the fliore. The fouth promontory ap- pears like the mere dregs of a volcano. The head-land condlts of broken and craggy rocks, terminating in acute points, and irregularly piled on each other. Not- withftanding ti e dreary afpcd of this part of the ifland, it contains many villages, and is far more populous than the verdant mountains of Apoona. Nor is it difficult to account for this circumftancc. Thefe iflandcrs not being poflTcired of any cattle, have no o.calion for paC- turagc ; and are therefore inclincd.to prefer fuch ground as is either more conveniently fituatcd for filhinp, or beft adapted to the cultivation of plantains and yams. Now amidft thefe ruins, there are many fpots of rich foil, which are with great care laid out in phintations j and the neighbouring fea abounds with excellent filh of various kinds. Off this part of the coail, at lels than a cable's length from the (hore, wc did not Orlke ground with 160 fathoms of line, except in a fmal! bight to the K. of the fouthcrn point, where wc found from 50 to 58 fathoms of water, over a fandy bottom. It may be proper to obfcrve, before we proceed to give an account of the welkrn diftridts, that the whole coaft we have dcftribed, from the northern to the fouthern extreme, affords not a (ingle harbour, nor the lead (belter for fliipping. The fouth-wtftern parrs of Akona are in a condition (imilar to that of the adjoining diflridt of Kaoo; but the coun- try further towards the N. has been carefully cultivated, and is cxxccdinnly populous. In this dividon of the illand lies Karakakooa bay, of which we have alresydy given a dcfcription. Scarce any thing is feen along the coaft, but the fragments of black fcqrched rocks ; be- hind which, the ground, for the fpace of about two miles and a half, rifes gradually, and feems to have been once covered with loofc burnt ftoncs. Thefe have been cleared away by the inhabitants, frequently to the depth of three feet and upwards; and the fertility of the foil has amply repaid their labour. Here they cultivate in a rich alhy mould, the cloth-plant and fweet potatoes. Groves of cocoa-nut-trees are fcattered among the (iclds, which are cnclofed with (lone fences. On the rKing ground beyond thefe, they plant bread-fruit trees, which Hourilh with furpriling luxuriance. The diftriit of Koaarra ex- tends from the molt wefterly point to the northern ex- treme of the idand. The whole coaft between them forms a fpacious bay, which is called by the natives Toe^ah-yah, and is bounded to the northward by two conlpicuous hills. Towards the bottom of this bay, there is foul, corally jjround, that extends to the diftance of upwards of a mile from the ftiore, without which there is gooil anchorage. The country, as far as the eye could diiccrn, appeared to be fruitful and populous; but no frefti water was to be found. The foil feemed to be of the fame kind with that of the dillridt of Kaoo. Having thus defcribed the coafts of the ifland of O- whyhee, and the adjacent country, we (lull now relate fome particulars refpcdling the interior parts, from the information wc obtained from a party, who fet out on the 26th of January, on an expeaition up the country, principally with an intention of reaching the fnowy mountains. Having previoufty procured two of the iftanders to fcrve them as guides, they quitted the vil- lage about four o'clock in the afternoon. Their courfc was eaftcrly, inclining a little to the fouth. Within three or four miles from the bay, they found the country as already defcribed ; but the hills afterwards rofc with a Icfs gradual afccnt, which brought them to fome exten- (tve plantations, confifting of the taro or eddy root, and fweet potatoes, with plants of the cloth-tree. Both the raro and the fweet potatoes arc hert planted at the dif- tance of four feet from each other. The potatoes arc earthed up almott to the top •f the ftalk, with a pro-' I I per quantity of light mould. The taro is left bare to the root, and the mould round it is put in tlic fonn of a ba- fon, for the jnirpofe of holding the rain-water; this root requiring a certain degrfcofmoifturc. At the Friendly and Society Ides, the taro was conft.mtiy planted in low •and moift (ituations, and generally in thotc pi. ices where there was the convcnicn(y ot a rivulet to HootI it. This mode of culture was conlidcrcd as abfolutely necelTaryj but we now found that this root, with the precaution be- fore-mentioned, fujcccds equally well in a inoredry (i- tuation. It was, indeed remarked by all of us, that the taro of the Sandwich Illands was the beft we had ever taftcd. The walls, by which thefe plantations are fe- paratcd from each other, are compofcd of the loofe burnt ftones, which are met with in clearing the ground; and, being totally concealed by fugar-canes, that arc phinted clofe on each (ide, form the moft beautiful fences that can be imagined. Our party ftopped for the night at the fecond hut they obfervcd among the plantations, where they fiippofed themfeivcs to be fix or fevcn miles diftant from our ftiip. The profpcdt from this fpot was defcribed by them as very delightful: they had a view ot our vclFels in the bay before them; to the left they favv a continued range cf villages, intcr- fperfed with groves of cocoa-nut-trees, fpreading along thefhorc; a thick wood extending itfelf behind them; and, to the right, a very conlidcrable extent of ground, laid out with great regularity in well-cultivatcd-planta- tions, difplayed itfelf to their view. Near this fpot the natives pointed out to them, at a diftance from every other dwelling, thcrelidcnce of a hermit, who, thcyfaid, had, in the former part of his life, been a great chief and warrior, but had long ago retired from the fea-coaft of the iftand, and now never quitted the environs of his cottage. As they approached him, they prollrated thcm- fclves, and afterwards prefented him with fome pjovi- (ions. His behaviour was eafy, frank, and chcarful. He teftilicd little altoniftiment at ihefightof oui people, and though preffed to accept of fome liuiopcan cunotities, he thought proper to decline the olVer, and foon rmrcd to his cottage. Our party reprefentcd him as by far the moft aged perfon They had ever fecn; judging him to be, at a moderate computation, upwards of a hundred years of age. As they had fuppofed that the moun- tain was not more than ten or a dozen miles diftant from the bay, and confequently expedted to reach it with cafe early the following morning, they were now greatly furprized to find the diftance (carcc perceivably diminillied. This circumftance, with the uninhabited ftatc of the country which they were on the point of en- tering, rendering it nccc(rary to provide a fupply ofpro- vi(ions, they difpat .hed one of their conductors back to the village for that purpofe. Whilft they waited his re- turn, they were joined by fevcral of Kaoo's fcrvarfts, whom that generous old man had fent after them, loaded with refrcftiments, and fully authorized, as their rout lay through his grounds, to demand, and takeaway with them whatever they might want. Our travellers were furprized on finding the cold here fo intenfe. But, as they had no thermometer with them, they could only form their judgment of it from theirfcelings; which, from the warm atmofphere they had quitted, muft have been a very fallacious method of judging. They found it, however, fo cold, that they could (carce get any Hcep, ' and the iflanders could not fteep at all; both parties being difturbed, during the whole nigFt, by continual coughing. As they, at this time, coulcl not be at any very great height, their diftance from the fea being no more than fix or feven miles, and part of the road on a very moderate afccnt, this uncommon degree of cold muft- be attributed to the cafterly wind blowing frefli over the fnowy mountains. Early the next morning, they proceeded on their journey, and filled their cali. balhesat a well of ext .lent water, fituate about half a mile from their hut. After they had pafled the plan- tations, they arrived at a thick wood, which they en- tered by a path that had been made for the convenience of the iflanders, who frequently repair thither for the purpofe of catching birds, as well as procuring the wild /p€ horfe-plantain. Ihcir progrcfs now became ex- tremely 11 6oo Capt. VOYAGES COMPLETE. ,»"'■ ^ tremcly How, and was attended with great labour ■, for the ground was cither fwampy, or covered with large Rones; the path narrow, and often interrupted by trees lying acrofs it, which they were obliged to climb over, as the thicknefs of the underwood, on each fide, ren- dered it impradicablc to pafs round them. They faw, in thefc woods, pieces of white cloth fixed on poles, at fmall diltanccs, which they imagined were land imrks for the divilion of property, as they only obferved tncm where the wild plantains grew. The trees were of the fame kind with the fpice tree of New Holland; they were ftraight and lofty, and their circumference was from two to four feet. Having advanced nine or ten miles in the m cod, they had the mortification of finding thcinfclvcs, fuddcniy, within light of the fea, and not very far from it; the path having turned off imper- ceptibly to the S. and carried them to the right of the mountain, which it was their intention to reach. Their dilappointmcni was conliderably heightened by the un- certainty under which they now were with rcfped to its true bearings, as they could nor at prcfcnt gain a view of it from the top of the higheft trees. They, there- fore, thought proper to walk back fix or fcvcn miles to an unoccupied hut, where they had left two of their own people, and three of the natives, w ith the fmall remnant of their provifions. Here they palTed the fe- cond night, during which the air was fo extremely fharp, that, by the morning, their guides were all gone off, except one. Being at this time in want of provifions, which laid them under a ncctffity of returning to fomc of the cul- tivated parts of the idand, they left the wood by the fame path by which they had entered it. When they arrived at the plantations, they were furroundcd by the illandens, from w hom they purchafed a frefli fupply of necclfaries; and prevailed upon two of them to accom- pany them as guides, in the room of thofe who had gone away. Having procured the bcft information they could poflibly obtam with regard to the diretflion of their road, the party, who were now nine in num- ber, marched for about half a dozen miles along the (kirtt of the wood, and then entered it again by a path leading towards the £. They paffed, for the fird three miles, through a foreftof lofty fpice-trecs, which grew on a rich loam. At the back of thefe trees they met with an equal extent of low (brubby trees, together with a confiderable quantity of thick under-wood, upon a bottom of loofe burnt ftoncs. This led them to another foreft of fpicc-trees, and the fame rich brownilh foil, which was again fucccedcd by a barren rid^e of a (imilar kind with the former. Thefc ri'dgcs, as tar as they could be feen, appeared to rim parallel with the lea fhore, and to have Mouna Roa for their centre. In pafling through the woods they found many unfi- niflied canoes, and huts in feveral places; but they faw none of the inhabitants. After they had penetrated almod three miles into the fccond wood, they arrived at two huts, where they (topped, being greatly fatigued with the day's journey, in thecourfe of which they had walked, according to their own computation, at leait twenty miles. Having found no fprings from the time they quitted the plantations, they had greatly fuffered from the violence of their thirft ; in confcqucnce of which they were obliged, before the evening came on, to feparate into fmall parties, and go in queit of water. They, at bff, met with fome that had been left by rain in the bottom of a half-fiai(hed canoe; which, though nf a reddiHi colour, was no means unwelcome to them. Throughout the night, the cold was more intenfe than before; and though they had taken care to wrap them- fclvcs up in mats and clothes of the country, and to keep a large fire between the two huts, they could get but very little fleep, and were under the neceffity of walking about for the greateft part of the night. Their elevation was now, in all probability, pretty confider- able, as the ground, over which their journey lay, had been generally on the afcent. On the next morning, which was the 19th, they fet out early, with an intention of making their lad and greatcft effort to reach the firawy iiiounutRi but their fpirits were confidtrably de- , prefled, on finding that the mifcrabic pittance of wa- ter, which they had difcovercd the preceding night, was expended. The path, which reached no farther than where canoes had been built, being now termir nated, they were obliged to make their way as well a* they could ; frequently climbing up into the moft lofty trees, to explore the furrounding country. They ar- rived, about eleven o'clock, at a ridge of burnt ftones, from the top of which they had a profpe»ft of the Mouna Roa, which then appeared to be at the diftance of between twelve and fourteen miles from them. They now entered into a confultation, whether they Ihouid proceed any further, or reft contented with the view before them of the fnowy mountain. Since the path had ceafed, their road haa become highly fatigu- ing, and was growing ftill more fo, every (fep they ad- vanced. The ground was almoft every where broken into deep iiffures, which, being (lightly covered with mofs, made them (lumble almoft continually ; and the intervening fpace con(ifted of a furface of loofe burnt ftones, which broke under their feet. Into (bmc of thefc lilfures they threw ftones, which fecmed from the noifc they made, 10 fall toa conlidcrabledcpth; and the ground founded hollow as they walked upon it. Bc- lides thefe circumftances, which difcouragrd them from proceeding, they found their condui>ed with the . "thern extreme of Oneeheow, by a reef of coral rocks. Its latitude i.s 22 deg. 2 min. N. and its longitude 199 deg. 52 min. E. The latter flands to the .S. E. and is un- inhabited: its longitude is 199 di-g. 36 min. E. and its latitude 21 deg. 43 min. N. The climate of the Sandwich Ifles is, perhaps, rather more temperate than that of the Well India iflands, which are in the fame latitude; but the diftercncc i:i very intonliderablc. The thermometer, on fliore near Karakakooa Bay, never rofe to a greater height than 88 deg. and that but one day : its mean height, at. twelve o'clock, was 83 deg. Its mean height at noon, in Wy- moa B.IV, was 76 deg. and, when out at fca, 75 deg. In "he ifland of Jamaica, the mean height of the ther- mometer, at twelve o'clock, is about 86 deg. at fea, 80 deg. Whether thefe iflands are fubjert to the fame violent winds and hurricanes with the Weft Indies, we could not afcertain, as we were not here during any of the tempeftuous months. Hewevcr, as no veftiges of their eticdts weie any where to be fee n, and as the lilandcrs gave us nopofitivc teftimony of the fadl, it is probable, that, in this particular, they refemblc the Friendly and Society Ifles, which are, in a great degree, free from fuch tremendous vifitations. 'Ihere was a greater quantity of rain, particularly in the interior parts, during the four winter months that we continued among thefe iflanders, than commonly falls in the Weft Indies in the dry feafon. We generally obfervcd clouds colledting round the fummits of the hills, and producing rain to leeward ; but after the wind has fc- parated them from the land, they difpcrfe, and are loft, and others fupply their place. This occurred daily at Owhyhec; the mountainous parts being ufually enve- loped in a cloud ; ftiowers fuccellively falling in the in. land country ; with a clear fky, and fine weather, in the neighbourhood of the fliore. The winds were, for the moftpart, from E. S. E. to N.E. In the harbour of Karakakooa we had every day and night a fea and land breeze. The currents fometimes fet to windward, and at other times to leeward, without the leaft regularity. They did not feem to be direded by the winds, nor by any other caufe that we can aflign: they often fet to windward againft a frefli breeze. The tides are ex- ceedingly regular, ebbing and flowing fix hours each. The flood-tide comes from the E. and, at the full and change of the moon, it is high-water at three quarters of an hour after three o'clock. Their grcateft rife is two feet fcven inches. The quadrupeds of thefe iflands, are confined to three fons, namely, hogs, dogs, and rats. The dogs arc of the fame fpecies with thofe we faw at Otaheite, having pricked ears, long backs, and ftiort crooked legs. We did not obferve any variety in them, except in their (kins : fome being perfedtly fmooth, and others having long rough hair. "They are about as large as a common turnfpir, and feem to be extremely fluggilh in their na- ture t though this may, probably, be more owing to the manner in which they are treatra, than to their natural difpofition. They are generally fed with the hogs, and left to herd with thofe animals; and we do not recoiled a fingle inflance of a dog being made a companion here, 7 N • as ii'l * 5 602 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMl^LETE. . .1 Vii 11 ■■ l»h Bsisthe cudom in Europe. Indeed, the pradlice of eating thcnfi fcems to be an infupcrable bar to their be- ing admitted into focicty i and a« there are no bcafts of prey, nor objcds of chacc, in thcfe iflands, the focial qualities of the dog, its attachment, fidelity, and faga- city, will, in all probability, remain unknown to the na- tives. In our obfervations it did not appear that the dogs in the Sandwich Iflands were near (o numerous, in proportion, as at Otaheite. But, on the other hand, they hsve a much greater plenty of hogs, and the breed IS of a larger kind. We procured from them an amazing fupply of provifions of this fort. We were upwards of three months, either cruifing off the coaft, or in harbour at Owhyhecs during all which time the crews of boih fliips had conftantly a large allowance of frcfli pork,infon)uch that ourconfumption of thatar- t icle was computed at about 60 puncheons of 500 weight each. Bcfides this quantity, and the extraordinary wafte, which, amidft fuch abundance,could not be en- tirely prevented, 60 more puncheons were faked for fea ftorc. The greater part of this fupply was drawn ftom the ifle of Owhvhee alone; and yet we did not perceive that it was at all exhaufled, or even that the plenty had dccrcafed. The birds of thefe iflands are numerous, though the variety is not great. Some of them may vie with thofe of any country in point of beauty. There arc four fpecics that feem to belong to the tro- chili, or honey-fuckers of Linnaeus. One of them is fomewhat larger than a bullfinch; its colour is a glofTy black, and the thighs and rump-Vent are of a deep yel- low. The natives call it hoohoo. Another is of a very bright fcarlct ; its wings are bl.uk, with a white edge, and its tail is black. It is named eeeeve by the inhabitants. The third is variegated with brown, yel- low, and red, and feems to be either a young bird, or a variety of the prccedmg. The fourth is entirely green, with a yellow tinge, and is called akaiearooa. There is alfo a fmall bird of the fiy-catcher kind; a fpecies of thrufi, with a greyifli bread; and a rail, wir' very (hort wings, and no tail. Ravens are met v here, but they are extremely fcarce ; they are of a dark brown colour, inclining to black, and their note is different from that of the European raven. We found two fmall birds, that were very common, and both of which were of one genus. One of thefe was red, and *as ufually obferved about the cocoa-trees, from whence it fccmed to derive a confideraole part of its fubfifttnce. 3"he other was of a green colour. Both had long tongues, which were ciliated, or fringed at the tip. A bird with a yellow head was likewife very common here: from the ftrudure of its beak, our people called it a parroquet: it, however, does not belong to that tribe, but bears a great refemblance to the lexia flavicans, or yellowifli crofs-bill of Linnaeus. Here are alfo owls, curlews, petrels, andgannets; plovers of two fpecies, one nearly the fame, as our whillling plover; a large white pigeon; the common water-hen; and a long- tailed bird, which is of a black colour, and the vent and feathers under the wings yellow. The vegetable produce of the Sandwich Ifles is not very different from that of the other iflands of the Pa- cific Ocean. We have already obferved, that the taro root, as here cultivated, was fuperior to any we had be- fore tailed. The bread-fruit trees thrive here, not in- deed in fuch abundance as at Otaheite, but they pro- duce twice as much fruit as they do on the rich plains of that ifland. The trees arc nearly of the fame height ; but the branches fhoot out from the trunk confiderably lower, and with greater luxuriance of vegetation. 1 he fugar-cancs of thiefe iflands grow to an extraordinary fizc. One of them was brought to us at Atooi, whofe circumference was eleven incnes and a quarter; and it had fourteen feet eatable. At Onechcow we faw fomc large brown roots, from fix to ten pounds in weight, re- fcmbling a yam in (hapc. The juice, of which they yield a great quantity, is very fwect, and is an excellent fucccdaneum for fugar. The nativt;s arc exceedingly fond of it, and make ufe of it as an article of their common diet; and our people likewife found it very palatable and wholefomc. Not being able to procure the leave* of this vegetable, we could not afcertain to what fpecies of plant it belonged ; but we fuppofcd it to be the root of fome kind of fern. The natives of the Sandwich Ifles arc doubtlefs of the fame cxtraftion with the inhabitants of the Friendly and Society Iflands, of New Zealand, the Marquefas, and Eaftcr Ifland; a race which polfeffes all the Known lands between the longitudes of 167 deg. and 260 dcg. E. and between the latitudes of 47 deg, S, and 22 dcg. N, This fad, extraordinary at it is, is not only evinced by the general refemblance of their pcrfons, and the great fimilarity of their manners and cufloms, but ftc-ms to be eftabliflied, beyond all controvcrfy, by the identity of their latiguage. It may not, perhaps, be very diHi- cult to conjedure, from what continent they originally emigrated, and by what fteps they have dillufcd them'- felvcs over fo immenfe a fpace. They bear flrong marks of aflinity to fomc of the J.idian tribes, which inhabit the Ladrones and Caroline Ifles ; and the fame affinity and refemblance, may alfo be traced among the Malays and the Battas. At what particular time thefe migrations happened is lefs eafy to afcertain; the pe- riod, in all probability, was not very late, as they are very populous, and have no tradition refpccting their own origin, but what is wholly fabulous; though, on the other hand, the fimplicity which is ftill prevalent in their mantiers and habits of life, and the unadulterated ftateoftheir general language, feem todemonftratc.that it could not have been at any very remote period. The natives of the Sandwich Iflands, in general, exceed the middle fize, and are well made. They walk in a very graceful manner, run with confiderable agility, and arc capable of enduring a great degree of fatigue: but, upon the whole, the men are inferior with rc'pcil to activity and ftrength, to the inhabitants of the I'ricndly Iflands, and the women are lefs delicate in the forma- tion of their limbs than the Otaheitean females. Their complexion is fomewhat darker than that of the Ota- hciteans; and they are not altogether fo handfoine in their perfons as the natives of the Society Iflcs. Many of both fexes, however, had fine open countenances; and the women, in particular, had white well-fet teeth, good eyes, and an engaging fweetnefs and fenfibility of look. The hair of thele people is of a brownifti black, neither uniformly curling, like that of the African Ne- groes, nor uniformly ftraight, as among the Indians of America; but varying, in this refpedV, like the hairof Eu- ropeans. There is one ftriki.ig peculiarity in the features of every part of this great nation; which is, that, even in the mofl: handfome faces, there is always obfcrvable, a fulnefs of the nortril, without any flatnefs or fpread- ingof the nofe, that diftmguiflies them from the inha- bitants of Europe. It is not wholly improbable, that this maybe the effed of their cuftomary method offalu- tation, which is performed by prefllng together the ex- tremities of their nofes. The fame fupcriority that we fenerally obferved at other iflands in the perfons of the irees, is likewife found here. Thofe that were feen by us were pcrfedly well formed ; w hereas the lower clafs of people, bcfides their general inferiority, arc fub- jed to all the variety of figure and make, that is met with in the populace of other parts of the world. But we met with more frequent inftances of deformity here, than in any of the other iflands we vifited. While we were cmifing off Owhyhcc, two dwarfs came on board ; . one of whom was an old man, of the height of four feet two inches, but very well proportioned ; and the other was a woman, nearly of the fame ftoture. We afterwards faW, among the natives, three who were hump-backed, and a young man who had been defti- tute of hands and feet, from the very moment of his birth. Squinting is alfo common among them ; and 4 man, who, they told us, had been born blind, was brought to us for the purpofe of being cured. Bcfides thefe particular dcfeds, they arc, in general, extremely fubjed to boils and ulcers, which fome of us afcribcd to the great quantity of fait they ufually cat with their filh and flcfli. Though the Erces are free from thefe complaints, many of them expcrl .ce ftill more dread- ful efieas from the too frequent ufe of the ava. Thofe who COOK'S THIRD anJ LAST VoVA(;F.— 'i\> the I'ACIl IC OCIIAN, ficc. 60,? Svho were the mofV affet'lcil by it, had their eyes rcil and intlamed, their limbj emaciated, thtir bodies covered with a .vhitifli fcurf, and their wnolc frame tremhlin(j; and par.dytic, attended with a dilability of railing their heads. 'I'hoiiph it does not appear that this drug univerfally (hortcns life, (for Tcrrccoboo, Kaoo, and fcvcral other chiets, were far advanced in years) yet it invariably brini's on aprentaturc and di-trcpid old age. It is a foniinato rircumllance for the people, that the ufeofit is made a peculiar privilege of the chiefs. 'I'he young fon of Terrccoboo, who did not exceed 12 or 13 years of age, frequently boafVed of his being admitted to drink ava; and lliewcd us, with marks of exultation, a fmall fpot in his fide that was beginning to grow fcaly. When (-aptain Cook firll vilited the Society Ifles, this perni- cious drug was very little known among them. In his fecond voyage, he found it greatly in vogue at Ulictea ; but it had Hill gained little ground at Otaheite, During the lall time we wcr: there, the havock it had made was nltnoft: incredible, infoinuch that Captain Cook fcarce recognized many of his former acquaintances. It is alfo conlbntly drank by the chiefs of the Friendly llles, but (o much diluted with water, that it fcarceiy produces any bad confequenccs. At Atooi, likewife, It is ufcd with great moderation; and the chiefs of that ifland are, on this account, a much finer fet of men, than thofe of the neighbouring iflands, It was remarked by us, that, upon diicontinuing the ufe of this root, its noxious etjcifts quickly wore olF. We prevailed upon our friends Kaon and Kaircekeca, to abfiain from it; and they recovered furprifingly during the Ihort time we after\ ards remained among them. It may be thought, that to form any probable con- jedlures with, regard to the population ot ifiands, with many parts of which we have but an imperfeit acquain- tance, to be a talk highly difficult. There are two cir- cumfianccs, however, which remove much of this ob- jeftion. One is, that the interior parts of the country are almoft entirely uninhabited : if, therefore, the num- ber of thofe who inhabit the parts adjoining to the coaft, beafcertaincd, the whole will be determined with feme degree of accuracy. The other circumftance is, that there arc no towns of any confidcrable extent, the houfesof the iflanders being pretty equally fcattered in fmall villages round all their coafis. On thefc grounds we ihall venture at a rough calculation of the number of perfons in this duller of idands. Karakakooa bay, in Owhyhee, is about three miles in extent, and comprehends four villages of abou' 80 houfes each, upon an average, in all 320; befidcs r my ftraggling habitations, which may make the w' '.e a- mount to 350. If we allow fix people to e? .1 houfe, the country about the hay will then contain 2,100 per- fons. To thefe we may add 50 families, or 300 fouls, which we imagine to be nearly the number employed among the plantations in the interior parts of the illand; making. In all, 2,400. If this number be ap- plied to the whole coaft round the ifland, a quarter be- ing deducted for the uninhabited parts, it will be found to contain 150,000 perfons. The other Sandwich Iflands, by the fanic method of calculation, will appear to contain the following number of inhabitants : Mowec, 65,400; .\tooi, 54,ooo; Morotoi, 36,000; Woahoo, 60,200 ; Rami, 20,400; Onecheou, 10,000; and Oree- houa, 4,000. Thefc numbers, including the 150,000 in Owhyhee, will amount to 400,000. In this compu- tation we have by no means exceeded the truth in the total amount. We muft confcfs, notwithflanding the great lofs we fuftaincdfrom'thefuddenrefcntmcnt and violence of thcfe iflanders, that they arc of a very mild and afTcdionate dif- pofition, equally remoteVrom the diflant gravity and re- Ibrvcof the natives of the Friendly Illcs.and the extreme volatility of the Otiiheiteans. They fccm to live in the grcattrt friendlhip and harmony with each other. Thofe women who had children, Ihcwed a remarkable affec- tion for them, and paid them a particular and conftant attention ; and the men, with a wiilingnefs that did ho- nsur to their feelings, frequently afforded their afliftancc in thofe domefiic em|)loymcnts. We murt, however, re- mark, that they are greatly inferior to the inhabitants of the other iflands, in that bcfl criterion of civilized manners, the rcfptft paid to the female fcx. Here the women arc not only deprived of the privilege of eating with the men, but are forbidden to feed on the bell forts of provilions. Turtle, pork, fevcral kinds of lilh, and fume fpecies of plantains, are denied them; and we were informed, that a girl received a violcnr beating, (or having eaten, while (he was on board one of our iliipst a prohibited article of food. With regard to their do- meftic life, they fcem to live almoll u holly by them- fclvcs, and meet with little attention from the men, though no inllances of perlbnal ill-treatment wore ob- fcrved by us. We have already h id occalion to men- tion the great kindnefs and hofpitality, with which they treated us. Whenever we went allioic, there was a con- tinual ftrugglc who fliould be moft forward in olForing little prefents for our acceptance, bringing provilions and rcfrefliments, or tellifying tome other m.irk of re- fped. The aged perfons conllanily received us with tears of joy, appeared to be highly gratified with being permitted to touch us, and were frequently drawing comparifohs between us and themfelves, with marks of extreme humility. The young women, likewife, were exceedingly kind and engaging, and attached them- felves to us, without referve, till they perceived, not- withftanding all our endeavours to prevent it, that they had caufe to repent ofour acquaintance. "It mull, how- ever, be obferved, that thefe females were, in ali proba- bility, of the inferior clafs; for we faw very few women of rank during our continuance here. Thefc people, in point of natural capacity, are, by no means, below the common Aandard of the human race. The excel- lence of their manufadures, and their improvements in agriculture, are doubtlefs adequate to their fituation and natural advantages. The eagcrnefs of curiofity, with which they ufcd to attend the armourer's forge, and the various expedients which they had invented, even before our departure from thefe iflands, for work- ing the iron obtained from us, into fuch forms as were beii calculated for their purpofes, were ftrong indica- tions of docility and ingenuity. Our unhappy friend, Kaneena, was endowed with a remarkable quicknefs of conception, and a great degree of judicious curiofity. He was extremely inquifitive with refpcft to our man- ners and cuftoms. He enquired after our fovereign ; the form of our government; the-modeof conflruding our fliips; the produdlions of our country; our num- bers; our method of building houfcs; whether we waged any wars ; with whom, on what occaCons, and in wnat particular manner they were carried on; who was our deity; befides many other qucflions of a fimilar import, which feemed to indicate a comprehcnfive underftand- ing. We obferved two inllances of perfons difordcred in their fenfes; the one a woman at Onctheow, the other a man at Owhyhee. From the extraordinary rcfpeiS and attention paid to them, it appeared, that the opinion of their being divinely infpired, which prevails among mod of the oriental nations, h alfo countenanced here. We arc inclined to think, that the praiflice of feed- ing on the bodies of enemies, was originally prevalent in all the iflands of the Pacific Ocean, though it is not known, by pofitive and decifive evidence, to exifl in any of them, except New-Zealand. The olTcring up human vidims, which is manifeftly a relique of this barbarous cuftom, ftill univerfally obtains among thefc iflanders; and it is not difHcult to conceive why the in- habitants of New-Zealand lliould retain the rcpaft, which was, perhaps, the concluding part of thefe hor- rid rites, for a longer period than the reft of their tribe, who were fituated in more fertile regions. As the Sand- wich iflanders, both in their perfons and difpolition, bear a nearer rcfemblancc to the New-Zealanders, than to any other people of this very cxtenfive race, Mf. Andcrfon was ftrongly inclined to fufped, that, like them, they arc ftill cannibals. The evidence, which induced him to entertain this opinion, has been al- ready laid down? but, as Mr. King had great doubts of the 6o4 Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. the juftnefii of hii conclufloni, we fliall mention the grounds on which he ventured to differ from him. With regard to the intelligence rei.eivcd on this head from the natives themrdvei, it may not be improper to obfcrvc, that moft of the ofhcers on board took great pains to enquire into To curious a cirrumltancei and that, except in the inftances above referred to, the iflandcrs invariably denied that any fuch practice ex- iftcd among them. Though Mr. Andcrlon's fiipcrior knowledge of the l.inguage of thofe people, ought cer- tainly to give confiderablc weight to his judgment, yet, when he examined the man who had the little parcel, containing u piece of falted flclh, Mr. King, who was prcfcnt on that occafion, was llrongly of opinion, that the ligns made ufc of by the illandcr intimated nothing rhorc, than that it was dcfigned to be eaten, and that it was very agreeable or wholcfomc lo the ftomach. In this fentiment Mr. King was confirmed, by a circum- ftance of which he was informed, after the deccafe of his ingenious friend Mr. Andcrfon, namely, that moft of the inhabitants of thefc idands carried about with thpm a fm.ill piece of raw pork, well falted, either put in a calibafh, or wrapped up in feme cloth, and falTened round the waift : this they cllecmed. a great delicacy, and would frequently taOe it. With regard to the con- fufion the lad was in, (for his age did not exceed i6 or 1 8 years) no perfon could have been furprized at it, who had been witnpl's of the earneft and eager manner in which Mr. Andcrfon interrogated him. Mr. King found it lefs eafy to controvert the argument deduced from the ufc of tlie inUruincnt made with (bark's teeth, which is of a fimilarform with that ufed by the New- Zcalandcrs for cutting up the bodies of their enemies. Though he believed it to be an undoubted fad, that they never m.ike ufeof this inftrumcnt in cutting the flcfti of other animals, yet as the pradtice of facrificing human vidlims, and of burning the bodies of the flain, Itili pre- [ vails here, he confidered it as not altogether improba- ble, that the ufe of this knife (if it may be fo denomi- nated) i: retained in thofe ceremonies. He was, upon the whole, inclined to imagine, and particularly from the laft-mentioned circumftance, that the horrible cuf- tom of devouring human flefli has but lately ccafcd in thefc and other ilfands of the Pacific Ocean. Omiah ac- knowledged, that his countrymen, infligated by the fury of revenge, would fometimes tear with their teeth the flefli of their flain enemies; but he peremptorily denied that they ever eat it. The denial is a (Irong indication that the pradtice has ceafed ; for in New-Zealand, where it is (till prevalent, the natives never fcrupled to con- feft it. X The natives of the Sandwich Iflands, almofl univer- ially permit their beards to grow. There were, how- ever, a few who cut off their beard entirely, among whom was the aged king; and others wore it only on their upper-lip. The/ame variety that is found among the other iflandcrs of this ocean, with rcfpeft to the modic of wearing the hair, is likewifc obfervablc here. They have, befides, a falhion which fecms to be pecu- liar to themfelves: they cut it clofe on each fide of their heads, down to their ears, and leave a ridge, of the breadth of a fmall hand, extending from the forehead to the neck; which, when the hair is pretty thick and curling, refemblcs, in point of form, the creft of the hel- met ot an ancient warrior. Some of them wear great Siantities of falfe hair, flowing in long ringlets down eir backs; while others tic it into one round bunch on the upper part of their heads, nearly as large as the I head itfelf; and fome into fix or feven feparate bunches. They ufV, for the purpofe of daubing or fmeciing dieir hair, a greyilh clay, mixed with (heUs reduced to pow- der, which they keep in balls, and chew into a fort of pafle, whenever they intend to make ufe of it. This compofition preferves the fnuMthnefs of the hair, and changes it, in procefs of time, to a pale yellow. Neck- laces, confining of firings of fmall variegated (hells, are won. by both men and women. They alfo wear an or. nament, about two inches in length, and half an inch in breadth, (haped like the handle of a cap, and made uf ftone, wood, or ivory, cxtrcin*ly well polifhed: this i is hung round the neck by fine threads of twifted hair, which are fometimes doubled an hundred fold. Some of them, inftead of this ornament, wear a fmall human figure on their breall, formed ot bone, and fufpended in a fimilar manner. Both fcxes make ufe of th fan, or fly-flap, by way of ufe and ornament. The mofl oommon fort is compofed of cocoa-nut fibres, tied loofely in bunches, to the top of a nolilhtd handle. The tail-feathers of the cock, and thofc of the tropicbird, are ufed for the fame purpofe. Thofc that are moft in cltcem, are fuch a> have the handle formed of the leg or arm bones of an enemy killed in battle: thefe are pre- ferved with extraordinary carr, and are handed down, from father to fon, as trophies of the highefl value. The pradtice of tatooing, or punituring the body, prevails among thefe people; and, of all the iflands in this ocean. It IS only at New-Zealand, and the Sandwich Ides, that the lace is tatooed. There is this ditVcrence between thefe two nations, that theNcw-Zcalanders perform this operation in elegant fpiral volutes, and the Sandwich Illandcrs in llrait lines that interfed each other at right angles. Some of the natives have half their body, from head to foot, tatooed, which gives them a moft tlriking appearance. It is generally done with great ncatnefi and regularity. Several of them have only an arm thus marked; others, a leg; fome, again, tatoo both an arm and a leg ; and others only the hand. The hands and arms of the women are pundtured in a very neat man- ner; and they have a remarkable cuftom of tatooing the tip of the tongues of fome of the females. We had fome rcafon to imagine, that the pradtice of pundturing is often intended as a fign of mourning, on the dcceair of a chief, or any other calamitous occurrence: for we were frequently informed, that fuch a mark was in me- mory of fuch a chief; and fo of the others. The peo- ple of the lowcft order are tatooed with a particular mark, which diftinguiflics them as the property of the chiefs to whom they arc refpcdlivcly fubjcd. The common drcfs of the men of all ranks confifts, in general, of a piece of thick cloth, called the maro, a- bout a foot in breadth, which pafTes between the legs, and is fattened round the waift. Their mats, which arc of various lizcs, but, for the moft part, about five feet in length, and four in breadth, arc thrown over their fliouU dcrs, and brought forward before. Thefe, however, are rarely made ule of, except in time of war, for which purpofe they appear to be better calculated than for common ufc, fince they are of a thick heavy texture, and capable of breaking the blow of a ftone, or of any blunt weapon. They generally go bare-footed, except when they travel over burnt ftones, on which occafion they fecure their feet with a kind of fandal, which is made of cords, twifted from cocoa-nut fibres. Befides their ordinary drefs, there is another, which is appro- priated to their chiefs, and worn only on extraoroinary occafions. It confifts of a feathered cloak and cap, or helmet, of uncommon beauty and magnificence. This drefs having been minutely defcribed, in a former part of our work, we have only to add, that thefc cloaks are of different lengths, in proportion to the rank of the perfon who wears them; fome trailing on the ground, and. others no lower than the middle. The chiefs of inferior rank have likewife.a fhort cloak, w hich refem- blcs the former, and is made of the long tail-feathers of the cock, the man-of-war bird, and the tropic-bird, having a broad border of fmall yellow and red feathers, and alio a collar of the fame. Others are compofed of white feathers, with variegated borders. The cap, or helmet, has a^ftrong lining of wicker-work, fuflicient to break the blow of any warlike weapon; for which pur- pofe it appears to be intended. Thefe feathered dreffes feemed to be very fcarcc, and to be worn only by the male fex. During our whole continuance in Karakaktwa Bay, we never obferved them ufed, except on three oc- cafions; flrft, in the remarkable ceremony of Terreeo- boo's firft vifit to our fltips; fecondly, by fome chiefs, who appeared among the crowd on (hore, when our un- . fortunate Commander was killed ; and, thirdly, when his bones were brought to us by Eappo. The (triking rcfemblance of this habit to the cloak and helmet whicH the ¥ ''I'i h|il I: V. Is C/3 COOK'« THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCLAN, «ci 6oi 3 the S|)«niardi formerly wort, eicittd oor curiolity to enquire, whether there mi(|ht not be fome reaConablc grnundi for imagining that it had btth borrowed from them. After M^r endeavoun to gain information on thii head, we found, that the natives had no immediate acquaintance with any .other people whatcven and that no tradition exiftcd among tncrn of theic idand* hav. ing ever before received a vifit from Tuch vclTci* m our'i. However, notwithdanding the rcfult of our enquiriei oif thii fubie^, the form of thii habit fcenu to be a fuf- fUrient indication of itii European origin i particularly when we reflcd on another circumdancc, viz. that it ii a remarkable deviation frorn the general agreement of drefi, which ii prevalent among the fevcral branchei of thii great trioe, difperfcd over the Pacific Ocean. From tnii conclufion, we were induced to fuppofe, that fome Buccaneer, or Spaniih fhip, might nave l>een wrecked in the neighbourhood of thcfe iflandi. When it is conltdered, that the courfc of the Spaniih trading velTcts from Acapuico to Manilla, is not many degrees to the S. of Sandwich Ifles, in their paflTageout, ami to the N.on their rcturn.thisfuppofition wilinot, wc think, dc deemed improbable. In the common drcfs of the men, and that of the women, there is very little difference. The latter wear n piece of cloth wrapped round the waill, which dc- fcends half way down their thighs i and fometimes, during the cool of the evening, they throw loofc pieces of fine cloth over their (boulders, like the females of Otaheite. They have another kind of drefs called the pan, which the younger part of the fcx often wear: it confifts of the thinned and fined cloth, wrapped fe. veral times about the middle, and reaching down to the Icgi fo that it has the appearance of a full (hort petti- coat. They cut their hair, and turn it up before, after the cudom of the New Zealanders and Otahcitcans. One woman, indeed, whom we faw in Karakakooa Bay, had her hair arranged in a very fingular manner: having turned it up behind, (he brought it over her forehead, and doubled it back, fo that it formed a kind of (hade to the face, and fomewhat refembled a fmall bonnet. BeHdes their necklaces, which are compofed of (hells, or of a (liining, hard, red berry, they wear dried flowers of the Indian mallow, formed into wreaths, and likewife another elegant ornament, termed eraie, which isfomctimcsfalYencd round the hair in the manner of a garland, but is^ifually put round the neck; though it is worn occadonally in both thcfe ways at once. It is a kind of ruff, about as thick as a linger, formed with great ingenuity, of very fmall feathers, woven clofely toge- ther, inlomuch, that the furfacc may be faid to equal the riched velvet in finoothnefs. The ground is, in general, ted, with alternate circles of black, yellow and green. Wc have already dcfcribed their bracelets, of which they have a great variety. Some of the women of Atooi wear fmall figures of the turtle, made very neatly of ivory or wood, tadened on their fingers, in the (lime manner that rings are worn by us. They have likewife an ornament conddingof (hells, tied in rows on a ground of drong net work, fo as to (hike againd each other, while in motion; which both fexes, when they dance, faden either round the ancles, or jud below the kniie, or round the arm. They fometimes, indead of (hells, ufe for this purpofe, the teeth of dogs, and a hard red berry. Another ornament, if it defcrves that name, is a kind of mad<:, compofed of a large gourd, having; holes cut in it for the nofe and eyes. Tnc top of it IS duck full of green twigs, which appear at fome didance, like a waving plume; and the lower part has narrow (tripes of cloth hanging from it, fomewhat re- fembling a beard. Thefe mulks wc never faw worn but on two occafi-jns, and both times by a number of per- fons adembled in a canoe, who approached the fide of the ditp, laughing and making droll gediculations. Wc could never Team whether th♦ thr inhahitanti o( New '/ealaml i ami, m nniong ihofc jKoplf, the perfon whofe w'Hon i» the molJ violent, hikI who rontifiiiei thii rxerrife rhc lonceH, ii applniiiIrO bv the f()ei'latf>r« a* the heft Hiinffr. It niiiO In- rem^irfcrH, that, in thi« cljncc, the female* only cnj^upe i ami tliut the ilanCM tif the ruen refnnble thofr wc fnw nf the fmall pnrrie» nt the Irirntllv lllciii ami whu h ni.iv, perhapi, more |)ropfrly, bo fcrninl the iK'tonipinv ment nf funm, with the rorrrfpondrnt niotinn* ol the »rho!e lunly. Hut .-»pn)bablr, rhar thry had here likcwite ihrir j^raiid dancei, whrriin both nirn »nd women were pcrtiirmen. Their iiuilic, on thrfi*, and other occa- liom, iiof a rude kind; (or the only inltriimrnt», wc obfcrvrd amonp them, were «lruin* of variiMin tins. Their fonf^*, however, which they are faid to linj* in psrts, and which they accompany with a gentle mo- tion of ihcir anm, like tholeof the inhabitant* of the Friemliv I|1f*, have a very plealingertect, Thcd. proplv are greatly udilii^tcd to gambling. One of their games rcftinblcs our game otdraiightii bui, from thr number of fi]uarci, it fcems to be much more intricate. 'I'he board it nf the length of about two feet, and is divided into j jS lijuarcs, 14 in a row. In playing they iiCe white and bt.uk pebbles, which rSey move from one fquare to another. 'Jhey have a | ,me which confirts in concealing a Itone under fome cloth, fpread out by one of the parties, and rumpled in fiirh a manner, that it is difficult to perceive where the none lies. The antagonid then llriko<,with a Hick, that part «)f the cl(Xh where he rupiKifes the (lone to be ; and the chances being, uprtn the whole, again!! his hitting it, odds of all degrees, varying with the opinion of the dexterity of the parties, are laid on theoci alion. Ihcir manner of playing at bowls nearly rcfcmbles that of ours. They often entertain themfelves with races be- rwren boys ar»d girls, on which they lay wagers with great fpirit. We law a man beating hi* brealV, and tearing his hair, in the violence of rage, (or having lolf three hatchets at one of thefe races, which he hail pur- chafed from us with near half his property a very little time before. In fwimming, both (exes arc very expert ; an art that, among thcfc people, Is deemed necrdary, and is their favourite diverfton. One particular inethod, in which wcfometimes faw them aniufc thcmfelves, is worthy of notice. The furf, that breaks on the coaft round this bay, extends about 150 yards from the (hore i and within that fpace, the furges of the fca arc da(hed againft the beach with extreme violence. Whenever the impetuoliry of the furf is augmente fnent, he is caught by the furf, and forced back with great violence; and his uttnoft dexterity is required, to prevent his being dafhed againfl the rocks. When in ironfcqueiKe of thefe repeated efforts, they have gained the fnvMth water beyond the furf, they reclige them- felves at length upon the boards, and prepare for their return to ttmif. The Turf being compofcd of a number of waves, of which every third is obferved to be con- fiderably larger than the reft, and to f)nw higher upon the (hore, while the others break in the intermediate fpace; their firftobjcAii to place thcmfclves on the top of the largcd fui^, which drives them along with alfoniniing rapidity toward* the land. If, by raiftake, thry fliould |ibfi- ihem(il\r» on one of thr fmallir w«vr«, whiih bituk* Uloic tliiygHin the (liorr, or OkhiUI Itfd •hitiiftlve* uiwble to ktip their hmrd in » pro|>rr diriVdon on the upper purt olj^r (well, thev re- m;Hnex|)<)fed to the fiirv of iheneiti tonvuid which, they are under thr natiVity of divmg again, and fcio- vrring the pisrc from whrnre thrv fit out. Thofr whn fiHtrril in re»» hing thr fliorc, aic Hill in a very ha/.aul- ous (ituatum. As the tmt\ i* dedndid by a chain of riKks, with a fiiiall o|)cning Iwtwcm them in (rvrni phcen, ihrv are obliged to (leer their plank ihrtnigh one o( tliffe openings 1 or, in cafe o( ill (uccrCs in th»t irlpecf, to quit it bclorethet re.ich the rocks, aiul.div- iiijMinder the wave, make their way Imk again ai well .!» they arc ahir, I his i* conlidrrrij .is highly difgiace. (ill, and is attrmird with the lo(s of thr plank, which wc Iwvr fccn dilhrd to pieces, at the very infUnt thr native qiiiitnl It. The amai-Mig lourage anti addrcCj, with which they perform thefe dangcroin atrhievemcnts are almoll incredililc. The followinj^acciilrnt evimes, «t how early a prrio I thiy arr fo far uccullomed to the watrr, as to loCe all apprehenfionsnf its peril.*, ami even lot them at deliance. A canoe, in which was a woman and her children, haopening to overfct, one of the chil- dren, an infant of aliotit four years old, appeared to he {^rraily dclightcti, (V/imminiJ about at iiseafe.and play- ing a numlH-r of t.-ick«, till the canoe was brought to its (ormer pnfition. Among the amufement* of the children, we obfrrved one that was (re(|iiently played at, nnd which (hewed a conliderable fhnre of ilexterity. Tlicy takcaftioii (lick, throui^h one extremity whereof runs a peg (li.irp^.ied at both en.)f«. The- oiKration ol rt.immn or pamtiMK their doth, ii tonlim-d t<» the fcm.iti-t, ami u •Icnominatcil Ijijuufsc. I'hey alwuy* callnl our writing Uy ihu n.tme. The ycmnn wcmion wouKI Ireiiiienily take the \)en from our handi, and (hew \\* thit they wrrc a.i well aiquiiintrd with the iifc of it ai we our- fi'lvtui tcllinn u«, at the fame time, that our iiens were Inferior 10 their*. They < onlidcred a manulVript (licrt of |>«|)cr at a piece ol i loth Unpcti after the nxjiic <>l our roumryi Jtid it \v«» with the ureaiell (lilln 1 • that wc louiil mukc ihciii underlhmil that our li^jui' ( ont.imrd a mratiinj^ m theiit, whit h thiiri wai d( (di- lute of. Their mam they make of the leavci of the ii.iiul.inu« I and thcfc, a« well as their cloths, arc (x'.uitifully worked iti varioui nattcrni, ami Oainrd with .liver* colour*. Some of tncm have a ground of Itraw-colour, embcllillieil with green f|M)t« : «iihtrH are of a pale urnn, fpotted with fi)uarei, or rhomboiil.i, of red I ami fomc arc ornamented with elej(ant (hipc«, ei- ther in llrait or waved line* of reil and brown. In thi* brxmh of nianufaiture, whether wc regard the finencf*, beauty, or llrcngth, thefc iHandcri may lie faid to excel the w hole world. Their (ilhing hooki are of varloii t li/c» anil (i^;ure!(i but thole that are principally nude ufe of arc about two or three inchej in lenfftn, and are luintnl in the Ihapc of a final filh, fctvin^,' an a bait, with a bunch of feather* fillened to the head or tail. J Ivv make their hooks of Uine, inothci-of-()earl, or \uhhJ, po.nted and barbed with little bonei, or toitoile-llitll. I'hofc with which they filh lor fliark% arc very large, being, in general, of the length of fix or eight inches. Conlidcring the materiaU of which thcfe hookn arc com- pofed, their ncatncf* and Hrength arc amazingi and, indeed, up»n trial, wc found them fupcrior to our own. Of the bark of the t(xxa, or cloth-tree, neatly twilUd, ihey form the line which they ufe for filhin^', for mak- ing nets, and for (oine other purpofci. It is of dif- ferent degree* of tinenefs, and ntay be continued to any length. They have alfo a fort, made of the bark of a Ihrub, nanjed arecmahi and the I'tncll is compo- fed of huinan hair : this laft, however, is chicHy made ufe of in the way of ornament. They likewilc make cordage of a ftronger kind, from cocoa-nuc fibres, tor the rigging of their canoes. Some of this, which w.is purchafcd by us for our own ufe, was found to ^c well calculated tor the fmaller kinds of running rigging. They alfo manufadure another fort of cordage, which is tiat, and extremely ftrong, and is principally ufcd for the purpofe of latliing the roofs of their houfcs. This lad IS not twilled after the manner of the former forts, but is formed of the fibrous llrings of the coat of the rocoa-nut, plaited with the fingers, in the fame maiiner which is praclifcd by our feamen in making their |)oints (or the reefing of fails. Their gourds arc applied to various domeftic purpo- fes. Thcfe grow to (uch an enormous magnitutle, that fomc of them will contain from ten to a dozen gallons. Jn order to adapt them the bettertu thcirt'efpcdtive ufes, they take care to give themditferent{hapcs,by faHening bandages round them during their growth. Thus fome of them arc in the form of a dilh, lerving to hold their puddings, vegetables, and (alted provilions : others are ofalongcyl''~drical form, andfcrve to contain their tith- ing tackle; which two forts arc furniflicd with neatdofc covers, made :!fc of the gourd. Others are in the fliapc of a long.neckcd bottlt; and, in thefc water is kept. They fcorc them frequently with a heated inflrumcnt, (o as to communicate to them the appearance of being painted, in a great variety of elegant dcfigns. Their f)ans in which they make their fait, arc made of earth ined with clay, and are in general fix or eight feet iquarc, and about two thirds of a foot in depth. They arc elevated on a bank of ftonc, near the high-w^ter- mark, whence the fait water is conduded to the bottom of them, in trenches, out of which they arc filled ; and in a thorc time the fun performs the procefs of the eva- poration. The fait we met with at Onecheow and Atooi, during our firtt viftt, was brownifh, and rather 3 ilirtyi but that which we afterward* priHured in K'ra- knk(Nia Hay, wai white, and of an excclleiii ({uality. Wc obtained an ampK- tuppiv of it, infomut h that, b< lidr» the qu.intity ufeil by m in fjitmt; |K)tk, wr tilled sU oar empty calk* with it. The warlike wea|K>ni of the inhabitant* of thcfe illandi arc lUgger*, whith they lall by the name ol pa. hooa, fpcari, llings, and ( iulit. The paluxu i» made, of a black, heavy woikI, that rcfcmblc elKiny. It ii cniMiiioiily Irom one to two feet in length, and hn« a tiring palling tliioug'i the hamllr, bv whith it i* fuf- pemleil Itcim the arm. The Made u (omewliat rounded m the muKlle : the liJei are Iharp, and terminate ii\ a (X)int. 'J'hit olVenlive weapon 1* inteiul.'d tiir dutren- g.igemcnt'i, and in the handi of the nativ « i» a very dc- trru(fUvc one. Their fpear«i are of two kinds, am) aie lormcd of hard wooil, which, in it* appearance, it not unlike iti.ihogany. One fort it from tix to eight lift in length, well polillicd, and ini tealing gruliially in tliick- noU from the extremity till wittiin thedillame ot Uxor Icvcn indies from the point, whic h tapers fuddenly, and has five or fix rows of barb*. It is prob.iblc that ihelc arc iifed in the way of jivelij's. The other fort, with which the warriors wc faw at Atmii ami Owh)hcc were chiefly ariueil, arc from 1 2 to 1 f t'cet in Ictigtti, and in- ftead of being barbed, terminate towards the point, in the manner of the daggers. '1 heir lling* are the tame with oiirtommon ones, except in thi* refpetit, that the rtone IS lodged on matting, inllead of leather. Their clubs arc tormeJ indifferently of tevcral kinds of wood: they arc of various tizcs and lliapcs, and of rude work- manfliip. The inhal)itants of the Sandwich Illands are divided into three dalles. The Mrccs, or chiefs ofcacji diftriiff, arc the (iril ; itsd one of thcfe is fupcrior to the rctt, who is caileil, at Owhvhee, Ercc-taboo, and Kree-Mocc, the lirll nainc cxprclUng his authority, and the latter ligni- tying that, in his prcfcnce all mult proftrate themfelvcs. Thofe of the fccond clafi appear to enjoy a right of property, but have no authority. Thofc who compofc the ti rd clafs, are called Tow tows, or fervants, and have neither rank nor property. The fupcrior power and diflindlion of Terrccoboo, the Erectalioo of Owhy- hcc, was fufliciently evidert from his reception at Kara- kakooa,onhis fird arrival. The inhabitants all protlra- ted themfelvcs at the entrance of their houfc*, and the canoe* were tabooed, till he difcharged the interdich He was then jull returned from Mowcc, an itland he was contending for, in behalf of his fon, Tccwarro, whofc wife was the only child of the king of thut place, againltTahceterrec, histurviving brother. In this expe- dition he was attended by many of his warriors; but we could never learn whether they fervcdhim as volunteers, or whether they held their rank and property under that tenure. That the fubordinate chiefs are tributary to him, is evidently proved in the inftance of Kaoo,* which has been already related. We have alfo obferved, that the two mod powerful chiefs of the Sandwich Itlands, are Tcrreeoboo and Pcrrecorannec; the former being chief of Owhyhec, and the latter of Woahoo; all the imaller ifles being governed by one of thefe^Qve- reigns : Mowee was, at this time, claimed by Tcrreeo- boo, for his fon anu intended fuccelTor; Atooi and Cnce- heow bcin^ in the poflcfTionof thegrandfons of Perreeo- rannee. Without entering into the genealogy of the kings of Owhyhee and Mowee, it maylje necemmr to men- tion, that, when we were firfl off Mowee, Tcrreeoboo and his warriors were there, to fupport the claims made by his wife, his fon, and hisdaughter-in law; and a battle had then been fought with the oppofite party, in which Tcrreeoboo had been vidlorious. Matters, however, were afterwards compromifedt Taheeterree was to have pofTeflion of the three neighbouring iflands, during hi* life; Tccwarro ta be acknowiedgra chief of Mowee, and to fuccced to Owhyhee, on tiic H*>ath of Tcrreeoboo, together with the three illands coiftiguous to Mowee. after the dcceafc of Taheeterree. Should Teewarro, who has lately married his half fifter, die, and leave no ilTue behind him, thofe itlands are todefcend to Maiiu. maiha, whom we have frequently meiuioned, he being the 6o8 Capt. COOK "8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. the Ton of Tcrrteoboo't deceafed brother: and (hould ■■ he die without ifltie, it i* doubtful who would be the fucceflbr, for Terreeoboo'i twn younger fons, beine bom of a mother who had no i ink, would be debarred all right of fucceflion. We clui not fee Queen Ron- ton, whom Terreeoboo had Ictc at Moweeibut we had an opportunity of feeing Kancc Kaberaia, the mother of the twoyouthi of whom he was fo extremely fond. From what hai been already mentioned, it (hould fecm that their government it hereditary { whence it appear* probable, that the inferior titlei, u well at property, oeTcend in the faine channel. RefpedUiig Pcrreeo- Itrtnee, we only difcovered that he is an Erec-taboot that he wai, on fome pretence, invading the pofleflion ■ of Taheeterree i and that the iflandi to the leeward were governed by hit grandfont. The Erect appear to have unlimited power over the inferior claflet of people; many inftances of which oc- curred daily while we continued among them. On the other hand, the people are implicitly obedient. It is remarkable, however, that we never (aw the chiefs ex- ercife anv adtt of cruelty, injuOice, or infolence towardt them; thouf(h they put in pradtice their power over each other, m a mod tyrannical degree : which the two fellowina| inlhmces will fully demonftrate. One of the lower oracrof chieft having (hewn creat civility to the mafter of our fhip, when employed on the furvey of Karakakooa Bay; Mr. King, fome time afterwards, took him on board, and introduced him to Captain Cook, who cogaged him to dine with ui. While at table, Pareea entered, whofe countenance manifcfted the highcll indignation at feeing our guefl fn honourably entertained. He feizcd him by the hair of his head, and would have dragged him out of thecabbin, if the Captain had not interfered. After much altercation, we could obtain no qther indulgence (without quarrel- ling with PSuTca) thin, that our gucft (hould dc per- mitted to remain in the cabbin, on ondition that h^ feated himfelf on the floor, while Parrca occupied his place at the table. An inftance fomewhat fimilar hap- pened when Terreeoboo came (irft on board the Refolu- tion; where Maiha-maiha, who attended the king, feeing Pareea upon deck, turned him mo(t ignominiotifly out of the (hip : even though we knew Pareea to be a man of the firft confcquence in the ifland. Whether the lower clafs of people have their property fecured from the rapacity of the great, we cannot pofTibly fay, but it appears to be well proteQed againft theft and depreda- tion. All their plantations, their houfcs, their hogs, and their cloth, are left unguarded, without fear or ap- i>rehenfion of plunderers. In the plain country, they cparate their polTeflions by walls; and, in the woods, where horfe plantains grow, they ufe white flags to dif- criminate property, in the fame manner as they do bunches of leaves at Otaheite. Thefc circumAances 'ftrongly indicate, that, where property is concerned, the power of rite Erees is not arbitraiy, but fo far li- mited, at to ifllbrd encouragement to the inferior or- ders to .cultivate the foil, which they occupy diftindl from each other. The information we obtained, re(peifling thejadmi- niftration of juftice is very impertcdt. If a quarrel aro^ among the lower clafs of people, the matter wat feferredtofomcchief for hit deci{ion. When an in- ferior chief had offended one of fuperior rank, his pu- jiifhment wat didlated by, and the refult of, the feelingt of the fuperior at that moment. If the offender Ihould fortunately efcape the firfl tranfpont of the great man's rage, he perhaps found means, through Uie mediation of friends, to compound for his ofTence, by all, or a part of his eflinff s. As to the religion of theie pcopi^i it refcmbles that of the 'Society and Frinidly Iflmd*. In common with each other, they lMve«n their Morals, their Whattu,* facrcd orations, hymns, and facrifi^. Thefe are convincing prooft (hat their religiout ntea and tenett are derived from the fame fource. The ceremonies here are, indeed, longer, and more mimerons than in the iflandt above-men- tioned t and though m all thefe places, the care and per- formance at their religious ritea, it committed to a I particular daft of people; yet we had never found a regular fociety ofprieflt, till we arrived at Kakooa, in Karakakooa Bay. Orono wat the title given to the i>rincipal of thit order; a title which feeiiwd to imply omethinB facred in a high degree, and which almoft n- ceived adoration in the perfon of Omeean. The pri- vilege of holding the principal oHicet in thit order, it douDtlefi limited to certain families. Omceah, the Oreno, wat Kaoo't fon, and Kaireekeea't nephew. Kaireckeea prefided in all religiout ceremoniet at the Morai,in the abfenceof hit grandfather: it wasobferved, likewife, that the fon of Omeeth, an infant of about the age of five yean, had alwayt u number of fttend- antt, and fuch other markt of diftindion and eAecm . were fhewn him, as we never obfcrved in any fimilar in- (tarxes. Hence we concluded, that his life was an ob- ject of much confequence, and that he would eventually fucceed to the high dignity of hit father. The title of Orono, we have already obfervcd, wat bcflowcd on Cap- tain Cook; and it it very certain, that they confidered UI at a race of beings fuperior to themfelvet; fre- quently repeating that the great Eatooa lived in our country. The favourite little idol on the Moral, be- fore which Captain Cook fell proftrate, it called Koo- nooraekaice, and is Terrecoboo's god, which they faid rcfided alfo among us. An almoA infinite variety of thefe images were to be fecn, ' ith on the Moraia, and about their houfcs, on which they beftbw different names; but they certainly were held in very little efti- mation; from their contcnnptuous exprellions when fpeakingof, or to them, and from their expoling them to fale for mere trifles; though they generally had one particular figure in high favour, to which, while it con- tinued a favourite, alt their adoration was addreiTed. They arrayed it in red cloth, beat their drums, and chanted hymns beforeit ; place i bunches of red feathers, and different vegetables at Ita feet; and frequently cx- pofed a pig or a dog, to rot on the Whatta, near which It was placed. In a bay to the fouthward of Karaka- kooa, a party of us were condu£led to a large houfe, in which we faw the figure of a black man, rcfting on hit toes and fingers, and hit he^id inclined backward : the limbs were well proportioned, and the whole was beau- tifully poliihed. Thit figure wat called Maee ; round which thirteen othert were placed, with (hapet rude and dlAorted. Thefe, we were told, were the Eatoo't of deceafed chiefs, whofe names they repeated. Numbera of Whatta'swere fee n within thit place, with the re- mains of ofleringt on many of them. They alfo have in their habitations many ludicrout and obfcene repre- fentatlont by Idols, not unlike the Priapus of the an- clentt. Former navlgatort have remarked, that the Society and Friendly Iflanders pay adoration to parti- cular birds, and it feems to be a cuAom prevalent in thefe Iflands: ravens may here, perhaps, be objefts of worfliip; for Mr. King faw two of thele birds pcrfcdiy tame, and was told they were Eatdoas : that gentleman oflfin-ed feveral articles for them, which were all re. fufed; and he .was particularly cautioned not to offend, or hurt them. Among their religious ceremoniet may be claficd the prayers and offerings made by their pricflt before their meals. As they always drink ava before they begin a repaft, while that it chewing, the fuperior in ranklxgins a fort of hymn, in which he is foon after joined by one or more of the company; the bodies of the others are put in motion, and their hands are clapped together in concert with the fingers. The ava being ready, cups of It are prefented to thofe who do not join m the hymn, which arc held In their hands till it is con- cluded; when, with united voice, they make a loud re- fixmfe, and drink their ava. The peribrmert are then ferved with fome of it, which they drink, after the fame ceremony has been repeated. And, if «ny perfon of a fuperior rank (hould be prefcnt, a cup is prefented to him laft of all; who having chanted for a (hort time, and hearing a refponfe from othert, he pours a fmaU quantity on the ground, and drinks the reft. A piece of the fle(h, which has been drefl'ed, it then cut off, and together with fome of the vegetables, it placed at the foot of the figure of the EatooK; and, after another hymn ^ cook's third and LAST VOYAGE-— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 609 hymn ha* been chanted, they beuin their meal. A ce- remony, in many rcfpccb rcfeniblmg this, is alfo per- Ibrmcd by the chieti, when they drink ava between their regular meals. AccordiHg to the accounts given by the natives, human facrificcs arc more common here than in any of the iflands wc have vilited. They have recourfe to thcfe horrid rites, on the commencement ot a war, and previous to a battle, or any iignal enter- prize. The death of every chief demands an offering of one or more Towtowsj and we were informed not lefs than ten were devoted to fuHer, on the deccafc of Terrecoboo, the king. But the unhappy vidlims are totally unacquainted with their ordained fatcj which is, to be attacked with large clubs, wherever they may happen to be; and after they are dead, arc conveyed to the place where the fubfequcnt rites are to be uer- forined. This brings to our remembrance the Ikulls ol thofe who had been facriliced on the decoafe of fomc principal chief, and were fixed to the Moral at Kakooaj at which village we received further information on this fubjcift; for wc were Ihewn a fmall piece of ground, within a ftonc fence, which we were told was a i Icrc- cere, or burying-place of a chief. The perfon who gave us this information, pointing to one of the corners, added; and there lie the tangata and waheenc-taboo, or the man and woman who became facrifices at his fune- ral. The knocking out their fore teeth, may be with propriety claflcd among their religious culioms. Mott of the common people, and many of the chiefs, had loft one or more of them; and this, we undcrllood, was conlidered as a propitiatory facrifice to the Eatooa, to avert his anger ; and not like the cutting off" p.ut ol the finger at the Friendly lllands, to exprefs the vio- lence ot their grief at the deceafeof a friend. Concern- ing their opinions, refpeding a future ftate, we had very defet^tive information. Enquiring of them, whither the dead were gone? wc were told, that the breath, which they fecmed to confidcr a3 the immortal part, was Hed to the Eatooa. They fecmed alfo to give a defcription of fome place, which they fuppofe to be the abode of the dead ; but wc could not learn, that they had any idea of rewards and puniffimcnts. Here an explanation of the word Taboo may not be improperly introduced. On aflcing the reafons of the intercourfc being interdidled, between us and the iflan- dcrs, the day preceding Tcrrecoboo's arrival, we were informed, that the Bay was tabooed. The fame intor^ didtion took place, by ourdefire, when we interred the remains of Captain Cook. The moft implicit obedi- ence, in thefe two inft»:.CL4, was rendered by the na- tives j but whether on religious principles, or in de- ference to civil authority, we cannot pretend to deter- mine. The ground whereon our obfervatories were fixed, and the place whereon our marts were depofited, were tabooed, and the operation was equally efficacious. This confccration was performed by the pricftsonlys and yet, at our requeft, the men ventured on the fpot which was ubooed ; whence it (hould Teem they enter- tained no religious apprehenfions, their obedience be- ing limited merely to our refufal. No inducements could bfing the women near us ; on account, it is prc- fumed, of the Moral adjoining ; which they arc, at all tiniei, prohibited from approaching; not only here, but in all the iflands of the fouth feas, women, it has been ob- ferv-v', )< e alwaya tabooed, or forbidden to ^at certain articlej< cf food. We have feen many of them, at their meals, have their meat put into their mouths by others ; c^d, on our requefting to know the reafon of it, wc wen informed, that they were tabooed, and not per- mitt.d to feed thcmfelvcs. This prohibition was al- ways the confequcncc ofafllffing ai any funeral, touch- ing a dead body, and many other occafions. The word taboo, is inditfercntly applied, either to perfons or things ; as the natives are tabooed, the bay is ta- booed, &c. This word is alfo exprcflive of any thing facred, devoted, or eminent. The king of Owhyhee is called Erectaboo, and a human vi^U^i, tangata-u- boo ; and, among the Friendly tlUnders, Ton^, where the king relides, is called Tonga-taboo. With refpeift to their tnarrmges, vay little can be' • No. 74. faid, except that fuch a compaA feems td exift among them. It has already been mentioned, that, when Ter* reeoboo had left his queen Rora-ronl, at Mowee, ano^ thtr woman cohabited with him, by whom he had chil- dren, and fecmed particularly attached to her; b(jt whether polygamy is allowed, or whether it is mixed with concubinage, either among the principal or infe- rior orders, we law too little of, to warrant any concUc fions. From what we obferved of the domeftic con- cerns of the lower clafs of people, one man and one woman feemed to have the diicdion of the houfe, and the children were fubordinate to them, as in civilized countries. The following is the only inftance of any thing like jcaloufy, which we have fccn among tlicm, and which (hews, that, among miirried women of rank, not only fidelity, but even a degree of rcfcrve, is re- quired. At one of their boxing matches, Omeah rofc two or three times from his place, and approaching his wife, with ftrong marks of dilplcafurc, commanded her, as we fuppofed, 10 withdraw. Whether he thought her beauty engaged too much of our attention, or whatever might be his motives, there certainly exillcd no real caufe of jcaloufy. She, however, continued in her place, and, at the conclufion of the entertainment, joined our party, and even folicited fome trifling prclents. She was informed that we had not any about us, but that, if ffie would accompany us to the tent, (he (hould be wel- come to make choice of what flie liked. She was, ac- cordingly, proceeding with US; which being obferved by Omeah, he followed in a great rage, fcizeoher by the hair, and, with his fiffs, began to intlidt fevcre corporal punilhment. Having been the innocent caufe ot this extraordinary treatment, wc were exceedingly concerned at it ; though we underftood it would be highly im- proper for us to interfere between hulband and wife of luch fuperior rank. The natives, however, at length interpoIiL'd, and, the next day, we had the faiisfaiflionof meeting them together, pcrlcdly fatisfied with each other; belides, what was extremely Angular, the lady would not permit us to rally the hulband on his l^ba- viour, which we had an inclination to do; plainly telling us, that he had ailtcd very properly. We had twice an opportunity, at Karakakooa Ba)', of feeing a part of their funeral litcs. Hearing of the death of an old chief, not far from our obfervatories, fome of us repaired to the place, where we beheld a number of people aflembled. They were fcated round an area, fronting the houfe where the decea'ed lay; and a man, having on a red feathered cap, came to the door, conflantly putting out his head, and making a moft la- mentable how 1, accompanied with horrid grimaces, and violent diftortions of the face. A Jarge mat was after- wards fpread upon the area, and thirteen women and two men, who came out of the houfe, fat down upon it in three equal rows ; three of the women, and the two men being in front. The women had feathered ruffs on their necks and hands, and their ftioulders were de- corated with broad green leaves, curioufly fcolloped. Near a fmall hut, at one corner of this area, half a do- zen boys were placed, waving fmall white banners, and. taboo flicks, who would not permit us to approach them. Hence wc imagined, that the dead body vtas depofited in the hut; but we were afterwards informtd that it remained in the houfe, where the tricks were playing at thedoorby the man in the redcap. The com- pany featcd on the mat, fung a melancholy tune, accom- Eanied with a gentle motion of the arms and boidy. This aving continued fome time, they put themfelves in a pofture between kneeling and fitting, and their arms and bodies into a moft rapid motion, keeping pace, at the fame time, with the mufic. Thefe laft exertions being too violent to continue, at intervals they had flower motions. An hour having paflcd in thefe cere- monies, more mats were fpread upon the area, when the dead chiePs widow, and three or four other elderl/ women came out of the houfe with flow and folemft ^acc ; and, feating themfelves before the company, be- ain to moan molt bitterly, in which they were joined . % the three rows of women behind them; the two men appearing melancholy and pcnlivc. They continued 7 P • tbua, n 6io Capt. COOK'g VOYAGES COMPLETE. with little variation, till late in the evening,' when we left Ihcm; and, at day-light, in the nnbming, the people . were difperfed, and every thing appeared perfccily quiet. We were then given to underftand. that the body wai removed; but we could not leiirn how it wa* difpofed oF. While we were dircding our enquiries to this objcA, we were addrefled by three women of rank, who fignificd to us, that our prefence interrupted the Crformance of fome nccclTary rites. Soon after we d left them, we heard their cries and lamentations; and, when we met them a few hours afterwards, the lower parts of their &ccs were painted pcrfedlly black. We had alfoan opportunity of obfer\-ing the ceremo- nies at the funeral of one of theordinary clals. Hear- ing fomc mournful cries, ilTuing from a mifcrable hut, we entered it, and difcovrred two women, whom we fuppofed to be mother and daughter, weeping over the body of a man who had that moment expired. They firft covered the bodv with cloth : then lying down by it, they fpread the cloth over themfclves, beginning a melancholy kind of fong, and repeating frequently Aweh medoaah! Aweh tancel Oh my father! Oh my hufband 1 In one corner of the hut a younger daughter lay proflrate on the ground, having fome black cloth fpread over her, and repeating the fame expreflions. On our quitting this melancholy fcene, we found many of their neighbours colledted together at the door, who were all perfeAly fdent, and attentive to their La- mentations. Mr. King was willing to have embraced this oppor- tunity of knowing in what manner the body would be difpofed of; and therefore, after being convinced that it was not removed till after he went t^ bed, he ordered the fcntries to walk before the houfc, and if there were any appearances of removing the body, to acquaint him with It. The fentries, however, were rcmifs in the per- formance of their duty, for, before the mornine, the body was taken away. On alking, how it had been difpofed of, they pointed towards the fea, perhaps thereby indicating, that it had been dcpoiited in the deep, or that it had been conveyed to fome burying ground beyotid the bay. The place of interment for the chiefs, is the moral, or heree erees, and thofe who arefacrificed on the occadon, arc buried by the fide of thcrti. The moral in which the chief was interred; who, aftd- a fpirited refiftance, had been killed in the cave, ik idomed with a hanging of red cloth round it. Having thus hud before our readers a circumtlantial and comprehenlhfe account of the whole group of the Sandwich Iflands, we proceed to relate the tranfaQions, incidents and evenu, during our fecond Expedition to the North, by the way of Kamtfchatka, and on our re- turn home, by the way of Canton, and the Cape of Good Hope, from March 1 770, to Auguft 1 780. But it may not be amifs to clofe this chapter, with an ab- ftradl of the aftronomical obfervatioqs, which wetc made at the obferva'tory in Karakakooa Bay, for de- termining its latitude and longitude) to which we fliall add the latitude and longitude pf the Sandwich Idands, collected into one point of view. The latitude of the obfervatory, deduced from meridian zenith dilhinces of the fun, and fome particular Rars, we found to be 19 deg. 28 min. N. and its longitude, dedu'; 5? CHAP. XVII. Tbf Rf/olution and Di/cevery, having weighed anchor, quit Oneeheow— A view of the eoafl of Kampt/chatha — Enter the bay (if AvMtJka — Defcryibe town (f Si. Peter and St. Paul — Party fent mftmre— Their reception ly the Commander of the port — Another party difpatcbed to Bolcberetjk, prtvifions, and floret being extremely fcarce at St. Peter and St. Paul — Proceed up the river Awatflta^-Civility and bofpitaliljf from the inhabitants of the town of Karaltbin— A journey en : fledges— Curious account of that mode of travelling — Arrrval at Nat cbeekin— Embark on the Boleboireka River— Fortnai proc^ton into the capital — Ho/pilality and generyity of Major Bebm, Cmumandfr of the Garrf/bn — Bolcberetjk defcribed — Affeiiing departure from that place — Return to the fltdts— Remarkable inflance ofgeneroptyintbefailors — Megar Bebm carries dif patches to Peterjburgb — His departure ana extraordinary cbara.^er — ^anfahions at Petropaulcncfka- The Ruffian Ihffiilal put under the care of our Surgeons — Difficulties in/ailing out of the bay— Steer to the northward—' Appearance of the country — Cbeepoon/kpi Nofs — Krono(/koi Nofs—Kamtfthal/koi Nofs — Ofutorfltoi Nofs — And St. Tb*' deus's Nofstpagtd, and the errors of the Rjifjian Qwrts pointed out. ON Monday, the ijth of March i77p,weweiched anchor, and pafling to the N. of lahoora, ftood to the S. W. in cxpcdation of felling in with the ifland of Modoopapappa ; the natives having aflured «s, that it lay in that diredion, within five hours (ail of Tahoora. The next day at five o'ckxrk P. M. we made a fignal for the Difcovcry to come under our ftem, having given over all hopes of feeins Modoopapappa. On Wedncfday, the 17th. we fleered W. Captain Clerk intending to keep in the fame prallel of latitude, till we made the longitude of Awatfka Bay ; and then to fteer N. for the harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul, which waa alfo fixed on as-our rendezvous, if we ftiould hap- pen to fcparate. This track was chofen, becaufe We !ji|^>ofed It to be yet unexplored, and we might probaUv meet with Ibme new iflands in our paflage. On Tuei- day, the 30th, the winds apd iinfettled lute of the wca>- ther, tndiuced Captain Clerke to alter his plan, and, at J fix in t^ evening, we began to fteer N. W. whi(^t)> we l i ' , 'if continued till Tuefdav, the 6th of April, at which time we loft the trade wina. The fine weather we met with between the tropics, had not been •'"y f;?»nt. The car- penters fiMind luflkient employment in repairing the boats. The beft bower cable had been lb much da- maged that we ware obliged to cut forty fathoms from it. The airing of fails and other ftores, which from the leakinefi of the decks, and fides of the fhip, were perpetually fubjeS to be wet, had now become a trou- blelome part of duty. For fome time i>aft, even the operation of mending the failors oldjacKets, had rifen into a duty both of oifTiculty and importance. It may be necefliiry to inform thofe who are unacquainted with the habiu of feanmn, that they are lb accuftomed, in fliipa iDf war, to be direded in th^' care of themfelvct by their officers, that they lofe the very idea of fbrefight, •m) contradt thc'thou||htlefrnefs of inGuiu. Had thefe people been left to their own difcrrtionak>nr, the whole ,aew would have been very thinly clad, before the voyage ^ ■ iS •n>- "iifrse!5--=^ VV '. illii' I ■ ..:.-i 1 f 203 8 202 46 202 9 200 20 199 ♦S :->"S • ;1"1-."- ■■■■ . .,»■•• .V- %'^f -*»■- 'i'l:. l^:f' '^.•♦?iSi • **» , , ■ ' vs*t>n 8 i r* **" * r. li iVV H' ■ *•;, pi.. y i • COOK'S THIRO and LAST VoVAGE— To ihe PACIFIC OCEAN, inc. 6» I lo i voyiRc hail been half finiflicd. It wai natural to ex- pert, that their experience, during the voyage to the N. latt year, would have made them fcnfiblc of the ne- cefllty 6[ paying fome attention to thefe matters i but if fuch reflefiioni ever occurred to them, the impref- flonwufp'tninrient, that, upon returning to the tro- pical diinatca, their fur iacKcts, and the reft of their clothet, adapted to a cola country, were kicked about thcdeckaai thing! of no value; though it was known in both (Wpat.that we were to make another voyage to- wanli the pole. They were, of courfc, picked ujp by the officers i and, being put into calks, rcftored about this timt to the owners. In the afternoon of Wedncf- day, the Ttb, we obfcrvcd fome of the dicathing Hoat- ingby thelhipi and.on examination, found that ii or t4 feet had been waftied otf' from under the larboard- bow, where the leak was fuppofcd to have been; which, ever fince leaving the Sandwich Illands, had kept our people alnioft conftantly at the pumps, making la incnca waint.in an hour; but, as wc had always been able lb keep it under with the hand-pumps, it cave us no great uneafinefs, till I'uefday, the 13th, when, about fix o'clock, P. M. wc were greatly alarmed by a fudden inundation, that deluged the whole fpacc between decks. The water which had lodged in the coal-hole, not finding a fuflicicm vent into the well, had forced up the platforms over it, and in a moment fct every thing afloat. Our fituation was now exceed- ingly diftrelTing ; nor did wc perceive immediately any means of relief. At laft we tnought of cutting a hole through the bulk-head that fcparatcd the coal-hole from the fore-hold, and, by that means, to make a paflage for the body of water into the well. As foon as a paHage was made, thegreatcft part of the water emp- tied itlelf into the well, and enabled us to get out the reft in buckets : but the leak was now fo much in- ^creafed, that we were obliged to keep one half of uur people pumping and baling csnftantly, till the noon of Thurfday, the 1 5ch. Our men bore, with great chear- fulnefs, this exceflive fatigue, which was much in- 1 creafed by their having no dry place to fleep in ; on ivhich account they had their full allowance of grog. On Thurfday, the 23nd, the cold was exceedingly (c- vere; and the ropes were fo frozen, that it was with dif- ficulty they could be forced through the blocks. On Friday, the 33d, in latitude 52 deg. 9 min. longitude i6odeg. 7 min. we faw mountains covered with fnow, and a high conical rock, diftant about four leagues ; and foon after this imperfedl view we were envcfoped in a thick fog. According to our maps, we were now but 8 leagues from the entrance of Awatlka Bay ; thefe- fore when the weather cleared up, we ftood in to take a nearer furvey of the country. A moft difmal and dreary profpeiflprefcnted itfclf. Thccoaftis ftraight, and uniform, without bays or inlets. IVoiti the fliore, the ground rifes in moderate hills, and behind therti arc ranges of mountains, whofc fummits penetrate the clouds. The whole was covered with fnow, except the fides of fome cliffs which rofc perpendicularly from the fea. The wind blew ftrong from the N.E. with hazy weather and fleet, from the 24th to the 28th. The ftiip refembled a complete mafs ot ice; the (hrouds being (q incrufted with it, as to double their dimcniions in cir- cumference: in (hort, the experience of the oldcft fea- man among us had never met with fuch continued Ihowers of fleet, and that extreme cold which we had now to encounter. Soon after our departure from Karakakooa Bay, Cajptain Gierke was taken ill, and during this run, the fea was in general Co rough, and the Refolution fo leaky, that tho faiUmakers had no place to repair the fails in, except the Captain's apart^ ments, which in his dcclining^ate of health, was a fc- rious inconvenience to him. At this time the incle- mency of the weather, the difTiculty of working our ihips, and the inceffant duty required at the pumps, rendered the fervice intolerable to the irew, (ome of whom were much froft bitten, and others were confined with colds. Sunday, the 55th, wc were favoured with a tranficnt glance of the entrance of Awatlka Bayi but.io.thft prefeuLftate of the weather, w'c could not prcfumc to venturemto it. I^orthis reafon wc again flood olf, w hcri fight of the Difcovery.; but this g; ;, being how fo near the pUce ot avc us little rendc7vous. we loft concern, being n Wcdnefilay, the 38th, in the morning, the weather cleared up, arid we hid a fine day, when our men were employed in taking the ici: from the rigging, fails, &c. that in cafe of a thaW, which was now cxpeifUd, it might not fall on our htfads. At hdoti, in latitude 53 deu. 44min. longitude 159 deg. the entrance of A watf- k;i Bay, bore N. W. The mouth of it opens in the di- rettlion of N. N. W. On the S. fide, the lind is mo- derately high, riling to the northward intoa hluft'head. Three remarkable rocks lie in the chanticl between them, not far from the N. E. fide; and, on the op- pofite fide, a linglc rork of coniiderablc {he. At three o'clock, P. M. wc ftood into the bay, with a fair wind fiom the fouthward, haviri^^ from 22 to 7 fathoms foundings. There is a look-out houfe on the north- head, ulcd as a liglit-houfe, when any of the Rufflaii fliips arc expected upon the coaft. It had a flag- ftalf, but we could not perceive any perfon thci-e, I'av- ing paflcd the mouth of the bay, which extends about four miles in length, a circular bafon prcfcnted itfclf of about 2j miles in circumference; in this we an- chored about tour o'clock ; fearing to run foul of H ftioal mentioned by Muller to lie in the channel. Great auaiuiries of loofe ice drifted with the tide in the mid- dle of the bay, but the fliores were blocked up with it. Plenty of wild fowl, of various kinds, were fcen; alfo large flights of Greenland pigeons, together with ra- vens and eagles. We examined every-corncr of the oay, with our glafles, in order to difcern the town of St. Peter and bt. Paul, which, from the accounts wc had received at Oonalaflika, we fuppoled to be a place of rtrengih and confcquence. At length we difcovercd, to the N. E. fome miferable log-houfcs, and a few co' meal huts, amounting, in the whole, to about 30, which, from their fituation, notwithrtanding all thetc- Iped wc wiflicd to entertain for a Ruffian Odiog, or Town, we concluded to be Petropaulowlka. In jultice, however, to the hofpitablc trcatrticni. we found here, it may not be amifs to anticipate the reader's cur ofity, by alluring him that out difappointmcrtt pit>vcd. in the end, a matter of entertainment to us. In this wretched extremity of the earth, beyond conception; barbarous and inholpitable, out of the reach of civili, zation, bound and barricaded with ice, and covered with fummer fnowj we experienced the ttridercft feel- ings of humanity, joined to a noblencfs of mind, and elevation of fentiment, which would have done.honour to any clime and nation. On Sunday the 29th, in the morriirig, at day-lighr^ Captain King was fent with the boats to examine the bay, and to prefent the letters to the Ruffian Commander, whjch he had brought from Oonalafhka. Having pro- ceeded »i far as we w ere able with the boats, we got upon the ice, which extended near half a mile from tha fliorc. The inhabitants had not yet feen either the (hip, or the boats ; for even after we had got upon the ice, we could not perceive any figns of a living crea- ture in the town. We funk at every ftep almoft knt c deep in the fnow, and though we found tolerable foht- ingat the bottom, yet the weak parts of the ice not be- ing difcoverable, we were conlfantly expofcd to the danger of breaking through it. This accident, at laft, a(5lually happened to Captain King; who flepping on quickly over ^ fufpicious fpot, in order to prefs wM^fs weight upon It, he came upon a fccond before he¥6iild flop himfclf, wliifh broke under him, and in he fell. Fortunately he rofe clear of the icc; and a mhn who was a little way behind with a boat hook, throwing it out, the Captain, by that means, was enabled to get upon firm iccagain. The, nearer we approached the flisre, we found the ice ftill tnore broken. The fight of a fledge advancing tpwards us, however, . aflbrdcd fome comfort. But ififtead.of coming to our relief, the driver ftopt IhorT, arid cailcd out to us. Captain King imttiediately held up Ifrhyloft's letters; in confcquence of >vhicli,,jj)^^l^^ttj5«t9^4 about, and drove full fpetd ' back 6ia Capt. COO K'l VOYAGES COMPLETE. i: (r^ V .<•■ *■ ! '.,: a-' |: back again, followed with the cxecratiqtis of Coat^t our party. Unable to draw any conclurion fruiii mia unuc- couiitable behaviour, we ItUt proceeded towards the Oftrog, thoush with theareaiclt circuinrpcdtiofi t and, \«hcn at the diftancc of about a quarter of a mile from it, we obferved a body of armed men advancing to nictt us. To avoid giving them any alarm, and to prcferve the mod peaceable appearance, the Captain, ami Mr. Webber, marched in front, and the men, who had boat.hooks in their hands, were Rationed in the rear. The armed party confided of about jo (bidiers. headed by a perfon with a cane in his hand. Within a few paces of us he halted, and drew up his men in martial order. Captain King prefented IfmylofT's let- ters to hin), but in vain endeavoured to make him un- derdaiul th.it we were Englifh, and had brought thefe difpatchi's from Oonalullika. After an attentive exa- mination of our perfoiis, he condu(flcd ui towards the village in folemii filince, halting frequently his men, and ordering them to perform different parts of their manual exercife ; with a view, as we fuppnfed, to con- vince us, that if we Ihould picfumc to otfer any vio- lence, we (hould hnvc to deal with thofe who knew how to defend themfelves. During the whole of this time, the Captain was in hit wet clothes, fliivcring with coldt yet he could not avoid being diverted with this mill- tary parade, though it was attended by an unfeafbnable delay. Arriving, at length, at the habitation of the commanding officer of the party, we were Ofliered in; and, after giving orders to the military without doors, our hoft appeared, accompanied by the fccrctary of the port. One of the letters from Ifmyloff was now o- pcncd, and the other fent exprefs to Bricheretflt, a town on the weft fide of Kamtfchatka, and the place of relldence of the RulTian Commander of this pro- vince. It appeared to us extraordinary, that t^ tion towards the village ; and, at feven, we moored clofe to the icc; the entrance of the Bay bearing S. by Ei and the Oftrog N. diftant one mile and a half. On Fri- day, the joth, the cafks and cables were taken to the quarter-deck, to lighten the vefTel forward, and the car- penters proceeded to ftop the leak which had occa- fioned us fo much trouble. In the middle of the day wc had fuch warm weather, that the ice began to break awav very faft, and alinoft choaked up the entrance of the bay. Several of our officers waited upon the ferjeant, who received them with great civility j and Captain Clerkc fcnt him n present o( two bottles of rum, think- ing he could not (ciul him any thing more acceptable. In return, he received twenty fine trout.s, and fome ex- cellent fowls of the groufc kind. Though the Bay fwarmed with ducks and Greenland pigeons, our fportf- men had no fuccefs t for, being exceedingly (hy, they could not kill any. On Saturday, the ift of May. in the morning, we faw our confort, the Difcovenr, ftanding into the Bay : a boat was immediately difpatched to her affiftance, and (he was moored in the alternoon clofe by the Refo- lution. ' On the 3d, in the morning, two (ledges having been obferved to drive into the village, Mr. King was ordered on (horc, to Icam whether an anfwer was arri- ved from the Commander of Kamtfchatka. The dif- tance from Bolcherctflc to St. Peter and St. Paul's is '3i Englifti miles. The difpatches were fent off in a fledge, drawn by dogs, on the 29th, at noon, and re- turned with an anfwer early this mornings fo that they performed a journey of 210 miles in little more than three days and a half. Fpr the prefent, the return of the Commander's anfwer was concealed from us. While Mr. King was on fliorc, his boat, and another belong- ing to the Difcovery, were bound faft to the icc. In thu fituation. the Difcovery's launch was fent to their afhftance, which foon partook of the fame fate: but on the 4th, the floating icc was drifted away, by the wind changing, and the boats were fct at liberty, without fuf- taining the fmalleft damage. At 10 o'clock A. M. fe- vcral fledges having arrived at the edge of the ice, a boat was ^nt from the (hip to coi^udl thofe who were in them on board. One of them proved to be a Ruf- fian merchant from Bolcherctflc, whofc name wa\ Fe- dofltfch ; and the other a German, named Pont, with difpatches from Major Bchm, Commander of Kamtf- chatka. to Capuin Clerkc. Arriving at the edge of the icc, and feeing diftindUy the magmtude of the fliips, within 200 yards of them, they were exccedirtdy a- ianped -, and before they ventured to embark, ftipu- iated that two of our boat's crew (hould remain on (horc, as hoftages for their fafety. It afterwards ap- C»red, for what reafons wc could not conceive, that ipyloir, in his letter to the Commander, had men- tidned our (hips as two finall trading vcflels; and that the feiieant, having feen them at a aiftance only, had not reaifled the miftakc. When they had arrived 00 board, we perceived, by their timicl beh«v}our^ that they enteftained fome very cxtraordiiury amithehfibns. However, an ginconution degree of fatiift^ion was vK fible COOK'8 THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCElAN, 6tc. 613 fiblc in thrir countenances, when the German found a pcrfon among u», with whom he could enter intocon- vcrfation. Mr. Webber fpoke that lan^juagc llucntly, ami convinced them, though not without difficulty,- that we were Englilhmen and friends. Mr. Port was introduced to Captain Gierke, to whom he delivered the Commander's letter. It was written in the Ger- man language, and merely complimental, giving him and his ofRceri an invitation to Bolcherctflc. Mr. Port, at the fame time, acquainted him, that the Major had conceived a very wrong idea of the fiic of the Ihipj, and of the fcrvicc they were engaged in ; Ifmy- loff, in his letter, having reprcfcntcd them as two fmall uacquet- boats, and cautioned him to be on his guard, infmuating, that he fufpeiiied us to be no better than Rirates. In confequence of this letter, he faid, there ad been various conjedurcs formed about us at Bol- chcrctik. Wc were much diverted with the fears and apprehenfions of thcfc people 1 and Specially with an account given by Mr. Port, of the fcrjeant's extreme caution the day before. On feeing Mr. King and fnme other gentlemen come on (hore, he concealed him ai.d the Ruflian merchant in the kitchen, to give them an opportunity of liftening to our converTation with each other, in order todifcover whether we were Engliflimen or not. Being now enabled, by the aid of an interpreter, to converlc with the Ruflians, our firft enquiries were di- reded to the means of procuringr a fupply of frelh pro- vifions and naval (lores t particularly the latter, for the want of which we had be'tn in great diftrefs. On en- quiry, it appeared, that the whole flock of live cattle, which the country about the Bay could fumifli, a- mounted only to two heifers i and thefe the ferjeant very readily promifed to fecure for us. Our next ap- plications were made to the merchant, whofe terms tor fcrving us were fo exorbitant, that Captain Clerke thought it expedient to fend an exprefs to the Com* mander, to learn the price of (lores at Bolcheretlk. This determination being communicated to Mr. Porti I.e difpatched a me(renger to the Commander at Bol- chcretik, to acquaint him with our intentions, and to remove the fulpicions that had been entertained re- fpeding the purpofea of our voyage. For the above fcrvice Mr. King was fixed upon, and ordered to pre- pare for fctting out the next day, together with Mr. Webber, who was to accompany him as interpreter. That day, and the next, however, the weather proved too (lormy for beginning a journey through fo defolatc and wild a country : but on Friday, the 7th of May, the weather became more favourable, and we fet out iii the (hip's boats, eatly in the morning, in order to reach the entrance of the Awat(ka at high-water, on account of the (hoals at the mouth of that river. The country boats were to meet us here, to condudl us up the (Iream. Captain Gore was alfo added to our party, and we were likewife accompanied by Mr. Port and the Ruffian merchant, with two Co(racks, havii^ been pre- vioufly furniflied with warm furred cloathing t a very necefTary precaution, as it began to fnow brifkiy imme- diately after our fetting out. About eight o'clock, we were (lopped by (hoal water, within a mile of the mouth of the river ; when fome Kamtfchadalcs took us and our baggage, in fome fmall canoes, and conveyed us over a bank of fand, which the rapidity of the river had thrown up, and which, we were informed, was conti- nually (hitting. Having pafTed.this (hoal, the water again deepened, and we were furniflied with a commodious boat, refembling a Norway yawl, to convey us up the river, together with canoes for the reception of our bag- gage. The breadth of the mouth of Awatfjui is about a quarter of a mile, but it gradually narrowed as we ad- vanced. Having proceeded a few miles, we padcd fe- veral branches, many pf which, we were told, emptied themfelves into other pivts of the Bayt and that fome of thofe on the left ran into the Paratounca river. For the fird 10 miles, the eenerai diiedlion of the river from the Bay, is to the N. and afterwards it turns to the weftward. Except this bend» it chiefly preferves a firait courfci and flows through a tow flat county, to No. 7S. the didance of jo miles from the fea, which is (UbjeA to frequent inundations. Six mcn.wcre cmployedi in pulbing us on with long poles, three of them being at each end of the boati and procceedcd againfl the llreami at the rate of about three miles an hour. Our conduc- tors endured this feverc labour for 10 hours; (topping onlv once, and that for a lliort fpace of time, to uke « little refrcflimcnt. Having been informed, at our (ir(f fetting out, that we could ealHy reach Karatchin that night, wc were greatly difappointed to find ourfcNes I j miles from that place at fun-fet. This was attri- buted to the delay in palTing the (hoals, both at the en- trance of the river, and in many other places. Our men Iteing exceedingly fatigued, and as the difficulty of navigating the river would have increafcd b^ the darkncU of tlie night, we declined all thoughts of'^pro^ ceeding on our journey that evening : we therefore hxed upon a place that was tolerably well fhcltered, andt clearing it of the fnow, ereded a fmall marqude, which we had providentially taken with us; and, with the af- fiflancc of a good fire, and fome excellent punch, pafTed the night agreeably. Our principdl inconveni- ence was, the being obliged to keep at a confiderable dillance from the fire; for as foon as it was lighted, ic thawed every part round it into an abfolute puddle. The Kamtfchadalcs were extremely alert and expedi- tious in erctfUng our marquee, and cooking our provi^. (ions I but wc were much fitrprized at finding thry had brought with them their utenfils for making tea, con(i- dering it as a mod intolerable harddiip if they cannot« two or three times a day, regale themfelves with drink- ing tea. When day-light appeared, we proceeded oil our journey, and, before we had made much progrefs, were met by the Toion, or chief of Karatchin, who, be- ing apprized of our Coming, had provided canoes that were better accommodated for navigating the higher Carts of the river. A commodious velTcl, (made by i(hing two canoes together) furnifhed with fur cloaks, and lined with bear-lkins, was alfo procured for us. We now proceeded rapidly,- the Toion's people being remarkably expert in this kind of bufincfs. At ten we arrived at the Oflrog, named Karatchin, and the feat of his command, where wc were received by the Kamtf» chadale men and women, and fome Ruffian fcrvants belonging to the merchant, Fedofitch. They were all attired in their bell habiliments j thofe of the women being gay and pleating, and confiding of a loofe robe of white nankeen, gathered clofe round the neck, and fadencd with a filk collar. A fliort jacket, without (leeves, was worn over ihis, confiding of different co- loured nankeens; and they had petticOats made of a flight Chinefe (ilk. Their (hifts, which were alfo made oflilk, had fleeves extending 7j the wrids ; and their heads were bound with colojred filk handkerchiefs, which entirely concealed the hair of the married wo- men; but the unmarried ones placed the handker- chief under the hair, permitting it to flow loofely down the fhoulders. The Odrog of Karatchin is pleafantly fituated on the fide of the river, and compofed of three log-houfes, nineteen balagans, or fummer habitations, and three jourts, which arc houfes under grounds The Toion^ to whofe dwelling we were then condudled, was a plain decent man, fprung from a Ruffian mother, and a Kamtfchadale father. His houfe, like all others in this country, confided of only two apartments. All the furniture in the outer room, was a long narrow table, with a bench round it; and the inner apartment, which was the kitchen, was alfo very fcantily furnifhed. But, the hearty welcome, and kind attention of our hod, amply compenfated for the poverty of his habitation. His wife, »n excellent cook, ferved us with various forts of filn and game, and different kinds of heath- berries, which had been preferred dH^c the lad year. Whild wc were dining in this miferable hut,< the guells of abfolute drangers, and at the extremity of the habit- able globe, a folitary half-worn pewter fpoon attradled our attention. Its form was familiar to us, and the word London was damped upon the back of it. It is I impoffiblcto exprefs the anxious hopes, and tender re- 7 Q_ mcrbrances. 1 iK.l 6i4 Capt. CO OKU VOYAGES COMPLETE. i! Hl^ a,i. \t membraiKcs, thu circuninanrr excited in ui. Thofe who have licrn long abrent from their nittive country, will rcnduy CotKcivc wh»t iacxprciTiblc plcafure fuch trifling incidentt can give. We had now i|iiittcd the river, and th; next part of our jnurncy wan to be performed on fledgen but th« thaw had been fo great m the day 'time, as not to per- mit UI to fetout, till the fnow was become hard and firm by the culdnefs of the evening. This furnidicd ui with .in opportunity of walking about the village, which was the only place in this country, that we had feen free from fnow. It was fituated on a Hat, of about a mile and an half in circuit. The leaves of the trees were jufl budding, .ind the verdure was flronoly con- traned with the furrounding hills, which remained co- vered with fnnw. The foil appearing to be capable of producing common vegetables, we were furprized to find that mit a f(X)t nf it was cultivated. Neither were the inhabitants polfcired of cattle of any fort. In (hort, their litiiation, during the winter months, mull be wretched beyond conception. They were now remov- ing from their Joiirts to their balagani, which gave us an opportunity of obfcrvin" both thefe forts of habita- tions. The people invited us, very civilly, into their houfes ; chcirliilnefs and content were vilible in every countenance, to whu h theapproar hingch.ingeoffeafon might perhaps contribute. On returning toourhoC's, fuppcr was prepared for us, confining of the fame ar- ticles which toinpofcd our former repalK When we had finifhed our meal, wi- eiitrrtaiiuil the Toion .ind his wife with punch made ot lonie <■<' our fpiritsi and Captain Gore, with his wonted gtntrolity, made them fome valuable prtfcnt^ : alter wh.ch, they retired to the kitchen, leaving us in the other room; on the benches of which we fprcad our brar-fkins, and fought a little repofej having firll fett'ed with our comluctors to pro- ceed on our journey, when the ground was judged to be in a fuitable condition. The melancholy bowlings of the dogs awakened u< about nine the fame evening. During the whole time our baggage was lathing upon the fledges, their horrid noife continued ; but, when they were yoked, and prepared for travelling, a chear- ful yelping fucceeded,. which ceafed the indant they niarchedotf. We fhall here give our readers an accu- rate defcription of a fledge brought over by Captain King, and now in the poflelTion of Sir Alhton Lever. The length of the body is about four feet and an half, and the breadth one foot. It is made in the form of a crcftent, of light tough wood, fattened together with wicker work ; and, among the principal people, is ele- gantly Aained with red and blue; the feat being co- vered with furs or bear-lkins. It has four legs, about two feet in height, reftingon two long flat pieces of wood, of ihc breadth of five »r fix inches, extendfng a foot beyond the body of the fledge, at each end. Thcfc. turn up before, foinewhat like a fkait, and are (hod » ith the bone of fbmc fea~animal. The carriage it or- namented, at the fore part with tafTcIs of coloured cloth, and leather thongs. It has a crofs bar, to which the harnefs is joined ; and links of iron, or finall bells, arc hanging to it, which, by the jingling, is fuppofed to encourage the dogs. They feldom carry more than one pcrlon at a time, who fits alide, with his feet on the lower part of the Hedge, having his baggage and pro- vifions. in a bundle behind him. The ulual number of -dogs employed in drawing thii carriage, is five; four of them yoked two and two, and the other adling as leader. The reins, being fattened to the collar, in. Head of the head, have no great command : and are therefore ufually hung upon the fledge ; the driver de- pending principally on their obedience to his voice. Great care and attention are conrequently ufed in train- ing up the leader, which frequently becomes very va- luable on account of hit ttcadineU and dtKility; the fum of forty roubles (or ten pounds) bcine no unufual price for one of them. The rider hat alio a crooked llickk anfwering thepur]K)fc both of whip and reinti with which, by ttriking in the fnsw, he can regulate the fpecd of the dogs, or even (lop them at hit pleaTure. When they are inattentive to their duty, he often chaf- tifei them by throwing it at them. The dexterity of the riders, in picking thii ttick upjigain, it very re- markable, and is the mott dillicult manoeuvre in the exercifeof their profellion: nor is ir, indeed, furpriling that they ftiould be fltilful in a praiflicc in which they are fo materially interettedi for, thev afTured us, that if a driver fhould happen to lofe his Itick, the dogs im- mediately difcnver it I and, unlefs their Iciidcr is both fteadyand refolute, they will inftantly fet off full fpcrd, a>id never ftop till their ftrength is exhaufled i or till the carriage is overturned and (iaflitd to pieces, or hur- ried down a precipice, when all are buried in the fnow. The accounts of the Ipeed of tliefc animals, and of the hardfhips and fatigues they fuffer, would have appeared incredible, had they not been fupi>ortcd by the greaidl authority. We ourfelvet "were witncfTes of the extra- ordinary expedition with which the meflengor re- turned, who had been difpatchcd to Bolchcrctlk with the news of our arrival at St, Peter and .St. Paul'n, though the fnow was exceedingly foft. The Governor of Kitmtfihatka afUiral us, that this journey was ufually performed in two days and an half; apd (hat he h.id once received an exprcfs from that hal^our in 13 hours. Throughout the winter, the dogs are fed on the offals of dried and flinking fiflii and, even this mifcrable fooil IS withheld from them, a day befoiclhey lit out on a journey; and they are not permitted to eat a morlcl of any thing till they arrive at the end of ir. They are frequently kept falling for two entire days, in whit f» time they will perform a journey of great extent. The ih^pc oi' thefe dogs refcmbles that of the Pomeranian breed, but they are confiderably larger. At we did not chufc' to rely upon our own fkill, w« had each of us a man to condud the fledge, which, in the condition the roads then were, proved a very labo- rious buflnefs : for, as the thaw had been prevalent in the vallies, through which was our regular road, wc were obliged to travel along the li, conlilling of the fame ar- ticles which compoicd our Ibrmer repill. When we had finiftu'dour meal, wr entcrtiiiiud the Tnion and his wife with punch made ot tome <>f our fpirit.si and Captain Gore, with his wonted gmc rnlity, made them fome valiuhle prefcnti : affr whch, thry retired 'o the kitchen, leaving us in the other room; on tlie benches of w hich wc fprcad our brar-(Vins, and fought a little rcpofej having M\ fctt'cd with our conductors to pro- ceed on our journey, when the ground was judged to be in a fuitable condition. The melancholy bowlings of the dogs awakened us about nine the fame evening. During the wliole time our bagi^age was lalliing upon the fledges, their horrid noife continued i but, when they were yoked, and prepared for travelling, a chear- ful yelping fucrccded,. which ccafed the inllant they marched off, Wc Ihall here give our readers an accu- rate delcript ion of a fledge brought over by Captain King, and now in the poflelTion of Sir Alhton Lever. Ihc length of rhe body is about four feet and an half, and ihc breaiUh one foot. It is made in the form of a crefcent, of light tough wood, fattened together with wicker work ; and, among the principal people, is ele- gantly Aained with red and blue: the feat being co- vered with furs or bear.fkins. It has four legs, aoout two feet in height, reftingontwo long flat pieces of wood, of the breadth of five or fix inches, extending a foot beyond the body of the fledge, at each end. Thcfc turn up before, foinewhat like a (Icait, and arc fliod w ith the bone of (bme fea-animal. The carriage is or- namented, at the fore part with taflcis of coloured cloth, and leather thongs. It has a crofs bar, to which the harnefs is joined ; and links of iron, or fmall bells, are hanging to it, which, by the jingling, is fuppofed to encourage the dogs. They feldom carry more than oncpcrfon at a time, who iits alide, with his fcetonthe lower part of the fledge, having his baggage and pro- vifions, in a bundle behind him. The ufual number of dogs employed in drawing this carriage, is fivej four of them yoked two and two, and the other adling as leader. The reins, being fattened to the collar, in. Head of the head, have no great command : and are therefore ufually hung upon the fledge ; the driver de- pending principally on their obedience to his voice. Great care and attention are confequeatly ufcd in train- ing up the leader, w hich frequently becomes very va- luable on account of his tteadincfs and docility; the fum of forty roubles (or ten pounds) bcitw no unufual price for one of them. Ihc rider has alio a crooked llick^ anfwcrit^ thcpurpofc both of whip and reins; with which, by Itriking in the fnsw. he can regulate the fpeed of the dogs, or even Hop them at hii pleafure. When they are inatteniive tf) their duty, he often chaf. tifcs them by throwing it at them, 'ihe dexterity of the riders, in picking this ftitk up.again, is very re- markable, and is the nwitt ditfii ult manoruvre in the cxcrcifcof their profrllinn: nor is it, indeed, furpriflng that they (hould be Ikilful in a prac'lice in which ihev ■re fo materially interrlled; for, thev afliired in. that if a driver (hould happen to lofe his ttick, the dogs im. mediately difcover it I and, unlefs their lender is both fteady and refolute, they will inflanily fet off full fpcrd, and never ftop till thrir ttrciigth is cxhaulled ; or ult the carriage is overturned and dalhed to pierrs, or hur. ried down a precipice, when all arc buried in the fnow. The .ucountsof the fpeed of tliefe animals, and of the hardfliips and fatigues they liiffer, would have ap|x-ared incredible, had they not been fup|>orted by the greatrtl authority. Wc ourfelves "were witncfl'cs of the extra- ordinary expedition with which the meflengor re- turned, who had been difp.itched to Bolchrictlk with the news of our arrival at St, I'ctcr and .St. Paul's, though the fnow was exceedingly foCr. The Governor nf Kiiiiitfchatka afliiri^l us, that this jniiriu y was ufually performed in two days and an half i .tjid that he had once received an exprcfs from that hal^our in 23 hours. Throughout the winter, the dogs arc fed on the offals of dried and (linking fiftii and, even this milirable footl is withheld from them, a ilay befoic they («t out on a journey I and they are not permitted to eat a morlel of any thing till they arrive at the end nf it. They are frequently kept falling for two entire days, in whu b time they will perform a joiirnry of great extent. The fliajTC of thefe dogs refembles that of the Pomeranian breed, but they are confiderably larger. As we did not chufe'to rely upon our own (kill, »• had each of us a man to condudt the flcilge, which, in the condition the roads then were, proved a very labo- rious buflnefs : for, as the thaw hail been prcv.iKnt in the vallies, through which was our regular ro^d, we were obliged to travel along the (ides of the hills 1 our guides being under the ncceflity of funporting the iledgcs, on the lower (ides, with their (lioulders, for E miles together. Mr. King was attended by a ■naturcd CuIIIk k, who was fo imperfei^l in his bu- , that he was continually overturned, which af. forded entertainment to his companions. The party confittcd of ten fledges in the whole. That which condudlcd Captain Gore, was formed of two lalhed to- gether, and was plentifully furnilhed with furs and bear- ikins. It was drawn by ten dogs, yoked four abrcafl; and thofc whii h were laded with heavy baggage, wer» drawn by the lame number. Wc had not proceeded more than four miles on our journey, when it began to rain, which, together with the darknefs of the night, threw us into fome confuiion. It was, after fome little confultation, agreed, that we (hould continue where we were, till day-light; we therefore fecured our fledges, wrapped ourfelves up in furs, and waited patiently for the morning. At three o'clock we were (ummoncd to proceed; our guides exprelfing their apprehenliont, that if wc waited any longer, the thaw would perhaps ftop us, and prevent our advancing or returning. Though we had many difliciiltits to encounter, owing principally to the bad condition of the road, wc got fafe to an oftrog about two in the afternoon. It is called Natcheckin, and is (ituatcd on a fmall ftream, which falls into the Bokhoircka, at (onjc diftancc l*- low the town. It is 25 miles from Karatchin ; which, by their account, wc could have compalTcd in fmir hours, had the froft continued; but the fnow was fo foft that the poor animals funk up to their bcllicj at almoft every ftep; and it was indeed furpri/ing that they (hould bcapletp fupport themfelves under fo fatiguing a journey. This inconfiderablc oftrog confdls of one Jog-houfe, the refidencc of the Toion, one jourt, and five balagatu. Wo were received here with the fame civility and hofpitality as at Karatchin ; and, in the af- ternoon, wel-e conduiftcd to a remarkable hot fpring, at a fmall diftancc from this village. Before we came very near it, we few a riling Ream from it, as from a boiling V--- * i .^i B §^ t?: > Mt vi^%' Hi! ',i ■' "'m' V ■0\ It: •' 'M .,' ■t:'^ f Mb^* ' ■■*^' H' COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 6'S •."1 boiling caldron; and, when we approaclied it, we per- ceived a rtronjT fulphureous effluvia. A bafon of about three feet in diameter, is formed by the main (pring; bciides which, there are Tevcral leflcr fprings, of equal heat, in ihe adjacent ground; by which means thtf whole fpot.conlifting of about an acre, was fo very hot that we could not remain two minutes in the fame place. The water iffuing from thefc fprings, fupplics a fmall bathing pond, and afterwards a little rivulet, which con- ducts It into the river, at the didance of about 150 yards. Great cures, they informed us, had been ef- licdled by this bath, in rhcumatifms, fcorbutic ulcers, fwclled and contraiflcd joints, and many other difordcrs. Where theft- fprings How, the ground is on a gentle afcent ; having a green hill of a moderate (ize behind it. Some plants fccmed to thrive heiewith great luxuriance, among which we ohfcrvcd the wild garlick. Monday, the loth, in the morning, we embarked on the Bolchoirecka ; and, going with the flrcam, expefted to arrive at our journey "s end the following day. Though Bolcheretfk is 80 miles from Natcheekin, we were in- formed, that, in the fummer, when the mehing of fnow en the mountains has rendered the river full and rapid, the canoes have often gone there in a (ingle day : but now they told u* we fliould be much longi r, the ice hav ing broken up only three days before our arrival, and cur's being the firfl boat that had attempted to pafs. There was but too much truth in this intelligence; for wc wi'M' ;ireat}y impeded by the (hallows; and, though the ftrcam was rapid in many places, we frequently had ripplings and Ihoals, and were under the nccclTity of hauling the boats over them. On each fide ot the river, the country was romantic, but not diverfified; the courfc of it being between craggv moujitains, of a moft dreary and barren afpc(5l ; with nothing to vary the fccnce, except now and then the fight of a bear, or a flock of \»ild-!owl. This, and the following night, we llept under our marquee, on the banks of the river, and futFercd greatly from the fevcrity of the weather. Wedncfday the 12th, at dav-light, we had palTedthe mountains, and wei«e proceeamg through a low exten- five plain, on which were a number of fhrubby trees. At nine in the morning, we reached an ol^rog, called Opatchin,of about the fame magnitude as Karatchin, and (uppofcil to be 50 miles from Natcheekin. A fer- jcant and four Ruffian foldiers had been here two days, waiting for our arrival ; who indantly difpatched a light boat to Bolcheretfk to give intelligence of our ap- proach. A magnificent canoe, plentifully furniflied ■with (kins and furs, was prepared for our reception, and we n ere very commodioudy equipped ; but our fel- low-travellers were excluded. It gave us fomc con- cern to be feparated from our old companion Mr. Port, who daily grew more fhy and dillant, as we drew nearer to the completion of our journey. He acknowledged, indeed, before we fet out, that he was not entitled to the refped we had flicwnhimj but, finding him difcrcet, and not prefuming, we had infilled on His faring as we did, throughout the journey. We performed the re- mainder of our p.i(ragc, with the utmoU eafe and ex- pedition ; for as we defcended, the river grew more ra- pid, and had very few obl^rudiions. On our approach- mg Kamtfchatka, wc iudged, from an appearance of Sfreat llir and buftle, that our reception was to be in orm. This circumftance was difagreeable to us, as decent cloathing had long been fcarce among ug; and our traveling habits formed a rtrange adcmblagc of the modes of India, Europe, and KamtYchatka. To make a parade 'through the me'ropolis in this motley trim, wc thought would appeir ridiculous; and, as we ob- ferved a crowd of jpeopli: colleded on the banks of the river, and were informed that the commander would receive us at the water-fit'c, we (lopped at the houfe of a foldier, about a quarter if a mile before we came to the town. Here we difpatched Mr. Port with a mefTagc to his excellency, acquainting him, that, as foon as we had put off our travelling drefTes, we would attend him at hisown houfe to pay our rcfpcds to him; and mtreatcd him not to think of waiting to condudl us. He perfiflcd, however, in hi* KfoJution of paying us this compliment, and we immediately proceeded to join him at the entrance of the capital. V\'e Were all remarkably awkward and defective in making our firft falutations ; not having been accuflomed to bowing and fcraping, for at leaft two years and an half. The com- mander received us in a mod engaging manner ; but wc had the mortification to difcover, that he had almoft wholly forgot the French language ; fo that only Mr. Weboer had the fatisfadion of convcrling with him, as he fpoke the Gdtman, which was his native tongue. Major Behm was accompanied by Captain ShmalofF, the next in cornmand, and another olliccr; the whole body of merchants attended alfo. We were conduced to the commander's houfe, where wc were politely and refpedfully received by his lady; who had prepared tea and other refredimcnts for us. The firft compli- ments being o\er, Captain Gorcdilircd Mr. Webl)tr to acquaint the Major, that we were did relied for want of naval ftores, frclh provifions, limn, and other neccllU- rics; and that wc were convinced vvcconid not rccci\e much alTirtancc from him, in the country about Awadka Bay, from what we had already (Icn and heard ; that the impo(ribility of conveying heavy Iforcs over the pcninfula, at that fcafon, we were but too fcniible of, iVom the diflicultics wc had encountered in our jour- ney ; and that we could not dckiy the profccution of our voyage, to wait for any material change. 1 Icre the Major interrupted Mr. Webber, by obferving, that wc knew not what they were capable of doing ; that he (hould not bedow a thought upon the didiculties of fup- plying our wants: he only wilhed to know what arti- cles we ftood in need of, and the time he could be al- lowed for procuring them. After expreding our ac- knowledgments for his obliging condefcenlion, wc pre- fented him an account of the naval ftores, cattle, and dour, we were direded to purchafc; and informed him, that we intended to profccutc our voyage about the 5th of June. After this, the convcrfation became more general, and it might naturally be fuppofcd, that we were anxious to obtain fome information rcfpeiting our native country. Having been three years a blent, wc entertained the mod Hattering expedations, of re- ceiving fome interefting intelligence from Major Bchm ! but we were greatly dilappointcd, when he alRired us, that he could not communicate any intclli};;cnce of a much later date than that of our quitting England. The commander, fuppofing we might bi? fatigued, and dedrous of repofc, begged leave to condud u:; to our lodgings, at about fevcn o'clock. It was ufelefs to proteftagaind a compliment, to which wc had no other title than that of being drangers. That alone, with this generous Livonian, was fulFicicnt to counterbalance every other confideration. In going along, we palTed two guard- houfes, where the men were underarms, in compliment to Captain Gore, and were conduded to a neat decent houfe, which the Major had appointed for our refidencc, while we continued at Kamtfchatka. We had two fentinels ported at our door, and a fer- jeant's guard in an adjoining houfe. Having difpofed of us in our apartments, the Major took his leave, pro- mifing to vifit us the next day. We were now at lei- fureto difcover theconveniencies which he had amply provided for us. Our fellow traveller, Mr. Port, ani a foldier, of a rank between that of a ferjcant and a corporal, (called a pulproperfckack) were fixed upon to be our male domedics. We had alfo a houfckeepcr, and a cook, who were ordered to obey Mr. Port's di- rcdions in drelTing us a fupper, after the Englidi mode of cookery. In the courfe of the evening, we were fa- voured with a number of civil medages, from the principal inhabitants of the town, politely obfcrvinr, that their attending to pay their refpeds to us at that time, would add to our fatigties, but they would tio themfelves that honour the next morning. Such atten- tion and politcnefs, in fo uncultivated and defolate .1 country, formed a contrail highly in favour of its inha- bitants; and, in addition to their civility, atiun-fet, the ferjeant brought the report of his guard to Captain Gore. In the morning of the 13th, coniplinwnts were fcnt us by the Major, Capuin iihmalcfi'. and the mud re- fpedablc i 1 ! It 'l.i: 6i6 Capt COOK • VOYAGES COMPLETE. fpceUbIc people of the town, from all whom we were honoured with vifits foon after. The two former hav- ing, after we had retired to reft, enquired of Mr. Port what articles we Itood in the greaceft need of on board the (hipt ; they in(illed on our iharing with their gar- rifon, in the rmall ftock of provifions they had then re- maining; lamenting, at the fame time, that our arri- val fliould happen to be in that fcafon of the year, when. fcarcity reigned univerfally among themt the floopi trom Okotfk not boing )'rt arrived with their annual fupply. We thankfully accepted the liberal offer of thefe hofpitable (trnngcrs; on condition, however, that we (hould be made acquainted with the price of the ar- ticles we received from them, that Caotain Gierke might draw upon the Vidualliiw OfHce, m London, for the amount. This was refuted in the moft {lofitive terms ; and, though repeatedly urged, the Major al- ways (topped us (hort, by faying, that his milhcfi would be highly gratified at his rencKring every afliftance in his power to the Englifh, wh» are her good friends and allies; and that it would give hera peculiar fatiifiiAion to find, that, in fuch remote regions, her dominioiu had atibrded any relief to vefTels engaged in fuch im- portant fcrvices. He added, that he could not. there- fore, a(ft fo contrary to the principles of his Emprefs, as to think of receiving'any bills ; but, if we inlifled on it, we might give him a bare certificate of the articles he might fupply us with, which he would tranfmit to the court of Ruflia, as evidence of having performed his duty. All farther acknowledgments, continued he, muft be fubmittcd to the two courts ; but you niufl ex- cufe me from acceding to your propofal. This nutter being adjufled, he requefted to be informed refpe^ing our private wants, faying he (hould confider it as offer- ing him an affront, if we applied to any of the mer- chants, or had dealings with any other perfon except himfelf. Not having it in our power to make an adequate return for fuch lingular generofity, ' he had only our thanks and admiration. At this moment, Mr. King rccolleded. that Captain Clfrke had fent by him a fct of the engravings to Capuin Cook's fecond voyage, de- (iring him to prefent it, in his name, to the comman- der. Nothing could have been more acccpnble to him than this prefent, the Major being an enthufiaft in all matters relative to difcoveries. Captain Clerke had alfo given Mr. King a difcretionary power, ofjpcrmit- ting the commander to fee a chart of the difcoveries nude in the prefent voyage; and. judging from his fi- tuation and difpofition of mind, that he would be highly gratified by fuch a communication! though, from motives of delicacy, he had only afked a few gene- ral qucftions on the fubjedt, Mr. King repoled in him that confidence, which his whole condudl lb juftly me- rited. He felt this compliment as it wu internxd he (hould, and was f>ruck at beholding, 'in one view, the whole of that coafl on the fide of Afia and America, which his countr)'men had been fo long employed in acquiring an impcrfe ailed on his fon (who was quite a youth) to accept of a lilver watch ; and contributed to his lit- tle daughter's happinefs, by prefcnting her with two pair of ear-rings, of French paftc. He alfo gave Cap- uin ShmalefT the thermometer which he had ufed on his journey, when he engaged to keep a regifler of the temperature of the air for one whols year, and to tranf- .mit it to Mr. Muller, with whom he wai actpainted. This day we dined at tl)e commander's, who, ever (lu- llibus to gratify our cnrioftty, had prepared variety of difhes dreffcd after the Ruffian and Kamtfchadak man- ner, bcfides a number of others in the Engiilh f^le. In the afternoon, we took a furvey of the town, and the adjacent country. The fituation of Bolcherctik is in a low fwampy plain, extending to the fea of Okotfli, being about 40 miles in ienstn. and of a confidcraye breadth. It lies north of the Bok:hoi-rrka, («- great jiver) and on a peninfula, which has ,bccn fcparated from the continent by a large canal, under the direc- tions of the prefent commander t which has added (trength to it as a fortrefs, and rendered it much Icb fubjcct to inundations. The depth of the river, be. low the town, is from fix to eight feet, and the breadth about a quarter of a mile. At the diflance of 22 milci^ it empties Itfelf into the fca of Okotfk. where it is ca- pable of admitting pretty large vciTels. No corn, of any kind, is cultivated in this part of the country ; an name to a gulph, weft of that of l\a- Ininlk. 1 m m t I pi 1; ! • -*^ *' ':.^ I»'\, ' - '. ^ 4 i ; ,1 i ,.;■ ;{ , I ' .» I . !'■ r COOK'S THIRD ind LAST VOYAGE— To the PAQFIC OCEAN, &c. 617 'I 42 ,1 0.! .I\ ihitiH' On the dff of our iitrl^'itt Bolchcredk. the Major had receiTed difbatchei fttnVt ^his feR. acquaint- ing nim, thatj^pvty or the Tfchutlki had arrived there, wuh viduntir^ oflbrt of fricridthip and a tribute. That, on aikiitt the caufi! of fo unexpected an alteration in Cheir ftmknenti, riiey had acquainted hi« people, that . (WO hm Rvflhn dmo h4d vifited them, tq#i^ the end oTthe preceding flimmer; thkt thnf^^ hAd been Itewn the sreatelf kindheft by the ptople whb werr in (hem, and had entered into a league of amitjr witft* dieini and that, in conftqucncc of this, they came to the Ruffian fort, in order to fettle a treaty upon ternia agretable to both nations. Thit rcmaHcable nie had «ven rife to much fpeculation, both at IngWnflt and 'Bolchefetlks and mud have remained utterly unimel- ngibie, had it not been clucfdkied by lift. It was nil fmall fatiifiiAton to u>, to have thua fhewn the Ruf- fians, even by accident, the belt method of collediing tri- bute, and extending their dominions t >n hopes chat the good underftanding, which this event has produced, may refcue a brave people from fuch powerful invaders. This day beii^ Friday, the 1 4th, we were engaged to dine with Captam Shmalcif, who, in order to vary our amurcinents. entertained us with an exhibition of danc- ing, in the Ruflian and Kamtfchadalc nv\f. It is iro- podibleto convey an adequate idea of this uncouth ex- nibition. The ngure of the Ruillan dance, refembled thofe of our hornpipes, and confiftcd of one, two, or four performers at a time. Their ftcps were exceed- ingly (hort and quicic, their feet being raifed bat a very little way from the ground t their arms were hung down dofe to the (ides, the body being kept, the whole time, ereA and imitMvcabIc, except when the performers pafTed each other, when the hand was fuddcniy raifed with an awkward motion. But, if the Rudlan dance was unmeaning and ridiculous, the Kamtfchadale was infinitely more fo. The principal aim, in their pcr- fbrmances, is to reprefcnt the clumfy gedures of the bear, which the inhabiunts of this couQtry have fre- quent opportunities of obfcrving in various Ittuations. To defenbe the awkward podures, exhibited on thefe occafions, wtAild appear tedious and uninterefling. In Eneral, however, the body was bowed, and the knees nt, whilft the arms were employed in imitating the motions of that awkward animal. Much time had been fpent in our journey to Bolcheretlk, and being informed that our return might, perhaps, be more dil- ficuU and tedious, we were obliged to acquaint the Major this evening, with our intention of departing the next day. We could not think of leaving our new ac- quaintance without regret: and were agreeably fur- prized, when the Major promifed to accompany us, if we would (lay but one day longer. He told us, that he had made up his difpatches, and reflgned the com- nund of Kamtfchatka to Captain ShmalefT; having made the necellary preparations for his departure to Okot(k, which wu (nortly to ukc place; but that he fhould be happy in poflponins his journey, and attend, ingvs to St. Peter and St. nul's, in order to be fatis- fira, that nothing which could be done to fcrve us, ihoufci be omitted. For the articles which Mr. King had given to the Major's children, he received, the next morning, a mod nugniflcent Kamtfchadale dre&, fuch as the principal Tnions wear on the mc(l folemn occa- fions. This habit, as we were informed by Fedolitfch, inuft have cod, at lead, 1 30 roubles. He alfo, at the fame time, was prefented with a handfome fable muff, as a prcfin^t from his daughter. Saturday, the i jth, we dined with the commander, who, willing to give us an opportunity of feeing aa much as we coula of the manners and cudoms of the country, invited all the principal inhabitants of the town, to his houfe this evening. The drefTes of the women were fplendid, after the Kamtfchadale manper. Captaid ShnuueiTs lady, and the wives of the othin- oRicersof thegarrifon. were drefTcd in a pretty u(te» partly in the Siberian, and partly in the Eurepeaa mode. Madame Behm, in particular, apoeated in • grand European drefs. The richnda tm Wuxf tit No. 75. thefiMawombythewonnen.as well as ih* (Ingularitv of Ihchr drrfb, waa very ftrilcing: and the whole hail the airof fosnc enchanted fcene, in the midd of the moft deftn add dreary country in the univcrfc. 1 h« entertainmenia of this night were dancing and (insing. I As Wf had fixed upon the next morning tor our ttepati Aire,' w«miMt early to our apaitmcnti, where tiilw! MvcUiNMMdia prefented thcmrdves to our view, made aftef thHRtontfchadale mode, which had been providcdl fbrbe bythe ceinmander. He came to us himfflf fbon afterilofcc that proper care was taken in packine up our things. We had, indeed, no inconlidefable load of baggage I for, exchifiveof hialiberal prefcna,Gip^ tain ShmalefT, and Ibveral other individuals, (hewed M many indancea of kindnefs and generofity. On the i6th, eirly in' the morning, we were preparing for ou# departiire, when we were invited to take our leave of Madame Behm, in our pafiage to the boats. Already impreflbd with fentiroents of the warmed gratitude, for the benevolent and generous treatment we had n^ eeivcd at BOicheretfk, they were much heightened b|l the afie^ng'fcene which followed. On quitting out apaitmems, wefaw all the foldiers and cofTaCkior the Iorrifon drawn up on one fide ; and, on the other, weee all the male inhabiunts of 'the town, in their bed cloathing 1 the whole body of the people joining in a roelaachMjP fong, which, we were informed; it was ufual to fld||^os» the dcpanure of friends. Thus wc marched tiU we ara rived at the commander'a houfib, preceded by the drum* and mufic belonging to the gafrifon. Here we wcire received by Madame Behm, accompanied by feveral ladies, habited in long filk cloaks, lined with furs of various colours; formmg a mod fplendid appearances Having partook of fomc refredimem which had been provided for us, we proceeded to the water-lide, at- tended by the ladies, who joined with the rcA of the people in the fong ; and, having taken leave of Ma- dame Behm, after alfuring her that the fcnfe of the hof- pitality of Bolcheretlk, would be indelible in our hearts, we were too much atfciled not to haden into the boats. At putting off, we received three cheers, which we im- mediately returned; and, on doubling a point, where we lad beheld our friendly entertainers, they dill added to our feelings, by a farewel cheer 1 On our return, the dream was foexcecdii^ly rapid, that, not withdanding the utmoft exertions of^our condudtors, wc did not ar- rive at the fird village, Opatchin. till the 17th in the evening, which did not exceed the rate of 20 miles a day. On the 1 9th, we reached Natcheekin, and croffed the plain to Karatchin on the aoth. The road was in much better order than when we paffed it before, as it froze fmanly in the night of the 1 9th. We proceeded down the Awatflta river on Friday, the a 1 d, and palled over the fhoals, at the entrance of the bay, before it was dark. During the whole of our journey, we were highly plofed with the willingnefs and alacrity, with which the Toions and their Kamti'chadales alTidcd us at the different odrogs. On feeing tie Major, joy ap- peared in every countenance; and they were much af- h&ed upon being informed that he would ihortly leav« them. A meffenger had been difpatchcd from Bolche- retflt to Captain Llerke, acquainting him with the na- ture of our reception; and that the Major intended to accompany us on our return; apprizing him, at the fame lime, of the day ne might exped us. We ob- ferved, with pleafure, rt we approached the harbour, all our boats coming towards us. The men were all clean, and the officers as well arrayed as their ward- robes would then permit them to be. The Major was druck at the healthy appearance of our failors, and waa furprized to fee that mainr of them had no other cover- ing than afhirtand trow/en, though it aduallyfnowed at that very indant. Major Behm had expreffed an in- clination to vifit the fhip before he landed ; but, being informed that Captain Qerke was extremely ill, he thought it would be improper to Jidurb him at fo late aithMin it being then after nine o'clock. Mr. King 1 theitf bit atteoded him to the ferjeant's houfe. and at> I towaida went cm bpatd to communicate to Captain \ 1^ Clcrke I -II 6i8 Capt. COOK'i VOYAG&S C O. W I' L B T H. no) I I i. n Gierke what had happened M Bokherctik. Hr !»M much concerned to find that, during bia,«bAii«<^ %iu^ officer't health wai confiderably impnircok inftew <» growing better, ai we flattered ourrdvetil might, froiA undifturbcd rcpofe in the harbour, and i^ntilk ind vc- geubie diet. The next nwming, Mr. JUng (itaam^ti the Major to tho fliipat where he w«i nceiy attcniied by the commftmlffpl # tbjf- nan nlliot. two ni!'<> > chart of our difcoveries. Mr. Bayly and Mr. King alfo determined to fend an account of our proceedings to the board of longitude. From thcfc precautions, had any accident befallen u«, the Admiralty would have become poirciTcd of the prin- cipal fadts of our voyage. It was farther refolved, that a finaller piickct (houl^ be difpatchcd from OkptiV, which the Major fuppofed would reach Pcter(buigh by Uecember; and that he expo^ tnore ehtittcid WM, ;auked bjr (Tcptimenu the ;p9ft iioWellnd enn larned. Theftnrice in which wc were, engaged. Ha told us. was fbrihegeOcraJibeAeiit oT mankind, and enutlod us to the oflkes of humanity, and the privilegca asiWWuin whatever cbuntiT wc might be driven.' Tha^ by attbrding us fuch relief as was Jn, his pqwcr, ^j»m certain t«»t he was, aiding agreeably to the wifiics of hiscmprefst and that he cnuldnqt' fo en- tircly forget her charadler, or his own honour, as to bar- ter for the performance of a duty. Among other thinKs, he faid, he made a particular point of fctting a good example to the Kamtfchadalos* who were juH emcreing from a (late of barbarifm 1 that tl)ey coof!- dcreq the RulHans as their patterns, in every rcfpedl j aiid that he hoped they would, in future, think it a duty incumbent on them to render (Grangers cvciy alTiflancc in their power, and believe it to be the univerfal prac- tice of all polilhed and civilized nation^. The Major having, fo far as he was capable, relieved our prelent diftrclles, he was not unmindful of our future wants; and, imagining wc (hould not be able to difcover the paflagc we were in fcarch of, and that wc (hould return to Kamtfchatka; he procured from Captain CIcrkc, the particulars of what Hour and cordngc he (Imtild want, piomifing to fend them from Okotlk, to wait our ar- rival. He alfo prefcnted the Captain with a written paper, enjoining every Ruffian fubjed toa(fift us to the utmoft of their abilities. Having thus given a narra- tive of the journey of our party to, and their return from Bolcheret(k, their reception there, and the depar- ture of Major Behm, we (hall now recount the tranf- adions which palTed at Petropaulowlka during our ab- fence. On Friday, the 7th of May, not long after we had quitted the oay of Awat(ka, a great piece of ice drove againlt the Rcfolution, and brought home the fmatl bower anchor 1 in confequence of which the other an- chor was weighed, and the (hip was moored again. The carpenters, who were occupied in (lopping the leak, were under the nccelTity of taking off great part of the (heathing from the bows ; and many of the trunncls were found to be fo loofc and rotten, that they were drawn out cafily with the (infers. On Tuefday the I ith, heavy gales blew from the N.E. which obliged both velicl* to llrike their yards and top.mans 1 out the weather becominc more moderate in the afteraoon, and the ice having drifted away as far as the mouth of the harbour of Pctropaubwlka, they warped clofc to the (hore for the greater convenience of procuring wood and water, and again moored, as before; the mouth of the bay fliut in by the mod foutherly point of Rakowina harbour, bearing S. and the town N. half W. at the rhc diltance of half a mile. On the isth, a prty was detached to cut wood, but made little prpureis in that (brvice. on account of the fnow. which nil! covered the ground. A convenient fpot, abreaft of the (hips, was cleared, where there was a good run of water; and a tent being pitched for the cooper, the empty cafks wcKlaifdid,and the faiUmakers fcnt afliore. On Sa» I ti^ay,,tne ^ 5ih, as the beach was then clear of ice, is ' pufty was fent to, haul the feine, and caught a plentiful hvph o> ''U^iHft-filh for the Companies of both (hips, waiting to bia a lait auieu to ineir commanocr. w,q(p in frpift'this tiin^,'rn«ked, till wc quitted the harbour, we taking our leave of the Major, it is difficuluo (w»,f Kfr, || were even oyerpo^^ercd with the great quantities of (ifh thcr the woithy pricll and his family or ouiulvca were || wnicn came in from every quarter. The Toions, both ( COOK'S THIRb and LAST VOYAGE— To the I'ACIFIC OCliAN, &c. 619 of this town, and of Paratounca, a neighbouring vil- lage, had received onlen from Major Bcnm to employ, in our fervice, all the Kamtfchadales ; To that it fre- quently happened, that we could not take into the fliipt tne prefcnti which were frnt us. They generally confifted of hcrringi, trout, flat fi(h, and cod. The former, which ' were in tneir higheft perfediion, and of a delicioua fla-: vour, were in extreme plenty in this bay. The people of the Difcovery, at one time, furrounded fuch an a- mazing quantity in thrir feine, that they were obliged to throw out a very confiderable number, left the net ihould be broken to pieces ( and the cnr^ they landed wai'ftill foabimdant, that, befidci havmg a fuiiident ftock for immediate ufc, they filled as many cafka as they could conveniently fpare for falling; and, after fending on board the Refoiution a tolerable quantity for the fame purpofe, they left behind feveral bufhels upon the beach. The ice and fnow now began npidly to difappear. «nd plenty of nettle-tops, celery, and wild garlick, were gathered for the ufc of the crewst which being boiled with portable foup and wheat, fumiflied them with an excellent and falutary breakfaft t and with this they were every morning fupplied. The birch-trees were alfo tap- ped, and the fweet juice, of which they produced f^rcat quantities, was conftantly mixed with the brandy al- lowed to the men. On the i6th, a fmall bi-.liock was killed, which the ferjcant had procured for the fliips' companies. Its weight was 272 pounds. It was ferved out to both the crews for their Sundny's dinner, and was the firft frefh beef which they had taflcd fmcc the departure of our vcflcis from the Cape of Good Hope, in December, 17761 a period of almoft two years and a half. Thiscvrningjohn Macintoni.thc carpenter's mate expired, after having been afflidilcd with a dyfentery ever flncc we had Icl^ the Sandwich Hies. lie was a peaceable and induflrious man, and greatly regretted by his mcfs- matcs. Though he was tne fourth pcrfon tnat we had loft by furkncfs during our voyage, he was the Itrft who, from his age and conftitution, could be faid to have had, on our fctting out, an equal chance of life with the reft of his companions. Watman was fuppofed by us to be about 60 years old ; and Roberts, and Mr. Ander- fon, from the decline which had maniti:ftiy commenced before our dejparture from England, moft probably could not, under any circumftanccs, have lived to a later period than they did. Captain CIcrke's health continuing daily to decline, notwithftanding the falutary change of diet which Kamtfchatka afforded him, the prieft of Paratounca, as foon at he was informed of the weak ftate he was in, fupplied him every day with milk, bread, fowls, and frcfn butter, though his habitation was 16 miles from the harbour where our Ihips were Rationed. On our arrival, the Rullian hofpital, near the town of St. Peter and St. Paul, was in a very deplorable ftate. All the foldiers were, in a greater or lefs degree, affliAed with the fcurvy, many facing in the laft ftage of that difor- dcr. The reft of the Ruffian inhabitants were likewife in a fimilar condition ; and we obferved, that our friend the ferjcant, by drinking too freely of the fpirits he had received from us, had brought on himfcif, in the courfe of a few days, feveral of the moft alarming fymptoms of that difcafe. Captain Clerkc, delirous of relieving them from this lamentable ftate, put them all under the care of our furgcons, and gave orders, that a fup- ply of four krour, and malt, for wort, fhould be fur- nithed for their ufc. A furprifing alteration foon took place in the figures of moft of them ; and their fpeedy recovery was chicHy attributed to the effe but, at eight, the tide making againft us, and the wind being inconfidcrable, «c anchored again in ten fathoms water, off the mouth of Rakowina harbour : the Oftrog bein^ at the diftancc of between* two and three miles, bearing N. by E. half E. the elevated rock on tUe weft- em (ideof the pa(ra^e, bearing S. and the needle rocks, on the eaftem fide of the paflage, S. S. E. half 1<:. On Sunday, the 13th, at four o'clock, A. M. we got under way with the tide of ebb; and, as there was a pcrfnfl calm, the boats were difpatched a-head for the purpofe of towing the (hips. About 10, a fouth-eaftcrly wind fpringingup, and the tide having turned, we were obliged to let go our anchors again, in feven fathoms 1 the Oftrog bearing N. half E. at the diftancc of a mile from the land that was neareft to us ; and the three needle rocks being in the dire*!lioit of S. halfE. In the afternoon. Captain Gore and Lieutenant King land- ed on the call lide of the paflage, where they oblcrved, in twodifterenl places, the remains of fpa'ciuus viliagesj and, on the lide of a hill, they faw an old ruined para- pet, wiih four or five embrafures. It had guns mounted on it in Beering's time, at that navigator himlcif in- forms ut; and commanded the paflTage up the mouth of the bay. Not far from this fpot, were the ruins of (bmc fubterraneous caverns, which our two gentlemen conjedlured to have been magazinei. About (ix o'clock P. M. we weighed anchor, with the ebb tide, and turned to windwardt but, two hours after, a thick fog coming on, we were under the ncceility of bringing to. our foundings not affording us a liifticient direiliion for fteering betwixt feveral funkcn rocka, fituated on each (ide of the paffagc we were to make. The next morn- ing, the fog in (ome degree difpcrfing, we weighed aa foon M the tide began to ebb; and, there beig^ lit. 6ao Opt. COOK'i VOYAOB8 COMPLBTE. 'il :;• '! tk wind, the botu wen lent a-h«Kl to towi but, about lo o'clock, both the wind and tide let in lb ftrang firnn the lea, that wt were once mofcobligcd to call anchor, in 13 ftthoOM water, the hi|rii rack beiiw at the dir* tance offlx fiirlonn, in the oireAion of MCone quarter S. We continued, during the remainder of the da/. In thia fituation, the wind btowinpt freih into the nouih of the iMjr. Towarda the evening, the weather wa* extremely dark and cloudy with an unfetiled wind. On thie i(th, we were furprised, belbre day-light, with a rumbling noifc, that refemblcd dlRant thunogri and when thedajr appnred, we found that the lidci and deck* of our fliipt were covered, near an inch thick, with a fine dull like emery. The air wa< at tho fiune time loaded and oblcured with thii fubftancci and, to- wank the volcano mountain, which llandi to the north-' ward of the harbour, it waa exceedingly thick and black, infomuch that we were unable to diltinguifti the body of the hill. About la o'cktck, and durii^ the after, noon, the loudnefi of the explofions increafcd 1 and they were fuccecded bv fliowcra of cinden, which, in gene- ral, were of the uie of peu, though many of thole that were picked up limn me deck were larger than a haicl nut. Several Iniall ftonea, which had undergone^ no al- teration from the aAion of fire, fell with the cinders. In the evenina we had dreadfiil cla|M of thunder, and vivid fladiea M IMitning, which, with the darknefa of the (ky, and the lulphurcout fmeU of the air, produced a very awfiil and treinendouteflcd. 6ur diftance iiom the foot of the mounuin was, at thii tinne, about eight leagues. On the 1 6th, at day-break, we got up our an- chors, and Rood out of the bavi but the wind fiilliqg, and the tide of ebb fettii^ acrois the pafliige on the eaft. em Ihore, we were driven very near the three needle rocks, finiated on that fide of the entrance, and were under the ncceflity of hoifting out the boats, for the purpole of towing the Ihips clear of them. At 13 o'clock, we were at the diftance of fix miles from the land; and our depth of water was 43 fiithoms, over a bottom of fmall ftones, of the fame kind with thofc which had follen upon our decks, after the late eruption of the volcano. 'The country had now a very different appearance from what it had on our firft arrival. The fnow, except what remained on the fummiu of fome very hrfty mountains, had vaniftiedi and the fidaof the hiitt, which abounded with wood in many parts, were covered with a bcaotiftil verdure. As our Commander intended to keep in fight of the coaft of Kamtfchatka, as much u the weather would allow, in order to alcer- uin its pofition, we continued to fteer towards the N. N.E. with variable light winds, till Friday, the tSth. The volcano was ftill obferved to throw up immenlc volumes of fnwke > and we did not ftrike ground with ifO lathoms Of line, at the diftance of 1 1 milea from the ihore. This day the wind blew fiefli from the S. and the weather became fo thick and hasy. tiiat it was impiudent to make any fiirther atiempu at ptefent to keep in fight of the hnd. However, that we might be itady, whenever the fog flioukl clear up, to refume our furvcy, we ran on in the diitdUon of the ooaft, fas re- pntfented in the Ruflian charts) and firad lignal guns for the Dilcove7 to proceed on the lame courle. At 1 1 oVfock. Juft belbre we kft fight of knd. Cheepoon. fkoi N06, io denominated by the Rulikns, wu at the diftance of fevcn or eight ks^^ue*. bearing N. N. E. On the sodi, at three o'clock in the morning the weather becoming clearer, we ftood in towards the kndi and, in the fpace of an hour afterwards, faw it a-head,cx. tending from N.W. toN. N.E. at the diftance of about five kaguee. The noithem part we conicdfaired to be Kranomoi Nofsi its pofition in the Rulfian charts, neariy agreeing with our reckoning in refpeA to in k- dtiid^ which wa» (4dcg. 43 min. N. thmigh. in point of hngitude, we dilrerM confiderablv from them t for they pkct it 1 deg. 4t min. E. of Awatlkai whcicM our computation makes it ■) d«K. 34 min. E. of that ^bce, or 1 63 deg. 17 min.'K of Greenwkh. The kad about thk cape u very elevated, and the inkndimoan. tains were, at dtis tune, covered with fiiew. There b 00 appeaiaace of inku or bays in the coafti and the 4 ftwre breaks off in fteepcliA. WahadnfH Iwtg iMiit Kitified with this view of the land, w)|i^,thft Muui ihened from the S. W. bringiag on a thkk foi;> whkh obliged us to ftand off in the dirctilion of N. £. by E. The fog difpcrfing about noon, we again fteercd for the knd, eipecling to fall in with KanufchaiQuM. Nob, and gained a light of it at dayulkcak oD ih^ iift. The S. W. wind bciiw foon after iucceeded by a tigltc breeM that bkw off tfie land, we were prevented ttan^ aoprMchingthe ooaft luiScwntly near (o dctennina it» dircdUen, or defcribe iu alpedt At noon, our long,. was lij dca. to min. and our kt. c^dcg, ta min. tlit atremes oT tfie knd bqre N. W. by V, three MM»»terf W. and N. to W. three quarters W. and thfkiieMvft pari was at liie.dinance of about 9f niila*> At nifif in iho^ evening, when we hHI approached about i if ikl mux the coaft,. u appeared to form a prtgemns penliifok. and to extend 1 1 or 1 a leagues in the dirwtion nearly of N. and S. It k kvel, and of a moderate ekvatjon 1 the Imithem extreme terminates in a Ipw looping poiaiL that to the northward forms a ftcep btulTl^atU '/mi between them, 10 or 19 miles to tha $.,iqf the iiortl>cm cape, there is a confidcrable break in ttie land. On both fides of this break, the knd k low. A remarkable hill, refembling a faddle, rifes beyond the opening 1 and a chain of lofty mountaimL aipped with (how, extends ahmg the back of the whole peutnlula* As the coal| runs in an even diredion, we were nhcertain with rawj fpcAto the pofition of Kamtfchatflioi UoEt, which, ac- cording to Mr. Mulkr, forms a prtyeding Point to. wards the middk of the peninfuUt but we anerwaids found, that, in a late RulTun map, that appellation is given to die fouthern cape. The latitude ot this, from leveral accurate obfervations, was {6 deg. 3 min. and iu longitude, i6j drg. 30 min. To the S. of this ur- ninfula, the great river Kamtfchatka runs into the lea. The feafon being tpo far advanced for us to make an accurate furvey of the coaft of Kamtfchatka. it wai the defign of Capuin Ckrke, on our courfe to Beering's Straights, to afceruin chiefly the relbeAive fituacions of the projeAing points of the coaft. We therefore fteered acrois a uMcious bay. kid down between KamtlchatflMii Nols and Olutmlkoi Nofs, with a view of making the lattert which k reprefentcd by the Ruf. fian gengraphers. as terminating the peninfukof Kamtf- chatka, and as being the IbutMm limit of the country of the Xoriacs. On Tueliky. the 33d, we paflM a dead whale, which emitted a moft horrible fmeil, perccivabk at the dif- tance of three or four miles. It was covered with a very confidcrable number of gulls, petrels, and «thdr Oceanic birds, which were renling themfclvcs upon it. On the a4th,.the wind, which had ftiifted about dur- ing the diree preceding days, fettled at S. W. bringing on ckar weather, with which we proceeded towards the N. & by N. acrofs the bay, havii^ no knd in fight. In the courfe of thk day we obferved a great number of gulls, and were dibufted with the indelicate manner of feeding of the aKticgull. which hu procured it the appelktion of the paralite. Thk bird, which k rather ki^ than the common gull, purliies the ktter Species whenever it meets them 1 tlie gull, after Ihrii^ about for fome time, with loud fcreanu. and manikft indications of extreme terror, drops its excrement, which its pur. fuer inflantly dans at, and catches in its beak befiwe it &lk into the fea. On Friday, the 3 jth. at ODa o'ckck. P. M. when in the latitude of ^9 deg. 1 3 min. and in the lonaitude of 168 Aeg. 35 mm. a very thkk fog came on. aoout the time we expeAed to obtain a view of Ohitorlkoi Kofs, whkh (if Mutkr's politioo of it, in the ktitude of ^y deg. 30 min. and in the ki^gitudeof 167 deg. 36 mut. u rimt) could then have haSt only 1 a lcvatcr, at picfent, wu tofpMt that we had no ground with 160 fathoma Celine. Tna ft|[ ftill coMinuiob prevented uafeona oMUiMfaaaamappraaehiatkinMt and we ftaered 8. bjic).^ five o ctack, whkh k a little more oaAariy thaBtheRudna cham mnfem the tuoMngof the coaft COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 6a i luiig Iwiti li fufi, noTN.K. ttTchatlkc^ byaligln inira uon^ tcniuM.,iu our long, a milt, the c««j|ffaft^f. iC4rcnpa^ nifi« in Urn :tpn newly etcvatjwii « iiortlveni i. On botH rkable hUi. ingi aiHl» t the caa(|! n with rc- whicb. ac<- I point to. aKcnvanU pelUtion i* t this, from } iiiin* and of this jpir- nto the fca. to make aa , it wai the Bcering't E fituattoiu e thcrcfoR n between i-ith a view by the Ruf. laofKanitr. the country rhale, which at the dir- ered with a , aad^ther vet upon it. about dur« W. bringing towards the in fight. In t number of ate roaniKr Kured it the lichia rather latter fpecies ng about for \ indications liich itt pur- cak before it M. when in longitude of m, amut the toiikm Noft, atitude of ^y dcg. 36 miR. |Hei fromuai Lvvvwv v^^AB vflM^^K er, atpreiient, ii6o$tthonM HMed nafiwB ndwe fteeitd :moM«»ftcrly ending of the coaft coaft from Olutorfkoi Noft. The next day, a frcfli sale blew from the S. W. which laQed till noon on the a7th, when the weather clearing up, wc (leered to the N. with an intention of making the land. Our latitude, at this time, wu 59 deg. 49 min, and our longitude fnoming, which are imagmed never to Hy far from the landi yet there wai no appearance of it during the whole day. However, the next morning, about iix o'clock, we had fight of it towards the N. W. The coaft appeared in hills of a moderate elevation t but inland, others were obfcrvcd confidcrably higher. The fnow lying in patches, and no wood being perceived, the land had a very barren afpedt. At nine o'clock, we were ten or eleven miles from the fliorc, the fou- thcrn extreme bearing W. by S. about fix leagues dif- tant, beyond which tne coall feemeJ to inchnc to the W. This point being in the lonaitude of 174 dcg- 48 min. and in the latitude of 61 ocg. 48 min. is (iiu- ated accorditig to the Kuflian charts, near the mouth of the river Opuka. The northern extremity, at the fame time, bore N. by W. between which, and a hill bearing N. W. by W. quarter W. the coaft appeared to bend towards the W. and form a deep bay. At the didance of about eight miles from the land wc obfcrvcd a ft rong rippling! and being under apprehcnlic t . of mcctinK with loul ground, we made fail to the N. E. along tne coaft. On heaving the lead, wc found the depth of water to be 14 fathoms, over a bottom of gra- vel. We therefore concluded, that the appearance above-mentioned, was occafioncd by a tide, then run- ning to the fouthward. At noon, the extremes of the land bearing W. S. W. and N. N. E. we were abrcaft of the Io>»' land, which, wc now ohftrved, joined the two points, where wr had before exported to difcovir a deep bay. The coaft bends a little rowarJii ihc V\ . and has a fmall inlet, which is, |)crhap!i, the mouth of fome inconfiderablc river. Our longitude wax now 175 deg. 43 min. and our latitude 61 dcg. /> min, During the afternoon, we continued our courli- along the coaft, which exhibited an appearance of llcrility, and the hills rofe to a confidcrahie elevation inland, but the clouds on their tops prevented us troni dctenTiin- ing their height. About eight o'clock in the cvcninj(, fome of our jKOple thoui^ht they faw land to the !•'.. by N. upon which we ftood to the fouthunrd of E. but it proved to be nothin^ more than a fog bank. At mid- night, the extreme poin bearing N. E. quarter E. wc conje^Uired that it was St. 'Ihaclcus's Nofs ; to the S. of which the land inclines towards the W, forming a deep bight, wherein the river Katirka, according ro the charts publiftied by the KulFuni, is fituate. On Tuef- day the 39th, the weather was unfcttlcd, with the wind at the N. E. point. On the ,'joth, at noon, we obfcrvcd in longitude 180 drg. and Luitudc 61 dcg. 48 min. At this time, St. Th.ideus'» Nofs bore N. N. W. at the diftance of 23 leagues ; and beyond it we perceived the coaft extending almoft diredlly N. The caftcrnmoft point of the Nofs is in the latitude of 62 dcg. 50 min. and in the longitude of 1 79 dcg. The land about it, from its being .iifccrned at fo great a diftance, may juftly be fuppofcd to be of a conlidcrable height. Dur- ing this and the preceding day, we faw numljers of fca- horfes, whales, and feals; alfo albatroiFes, gulls, fea« parrots, guillemots, and other birds. CHAP. XVIII. The Ri'folHtioii and Difcovery contiituf their courfe to the mrih — Tfcbukotjhi No/s dcfmed'—lfle of Si. hauxencc — Si/ht of the two codfli ofA/ia and America til tbejttme inftanl — Ohftruh ions from the ice — Friiitlefs attempts to dijccrver a pajjage 611 the American fide— The plan of Captain Clerke, with refpeR to our future defi^ns — Attempt, in vain, to pafs l>- ice to the nortb-^ceft'— Critical filuation of the Difcovery— 7be damages fiijlained, after bcevhig again leen ol'jlrufia by the ice — Captain Clerke refohcs, to the great m of ibejhip'i crew, to return to tbefoulbward — Pa/s Serdze Kamen — Proceed Ibrougb Bceriitg's Straits — Remarks un the extent of the norlb-eaft coajl of Ajia— Reafons for rejefiing Muller's nup— ImprafJicability of a nortb-eajt, or nortb.~vejl paff,ige from the Atlantic iiilo the Pacific Ocean — The prognfs made in 1778, compared with that made in 1779 — Obferfolioiu on the Sea, Sea-Coajh, (Jc. North of Beering's Straits. o N Thurfday, the 1 ft of July 1 779, at noon, Mr. Bligh, mafter of the Reiolution, found by ex- periment, that the ftiip made a courfe to the N. E. at the rate of about half a mileinanhour: this he attributed to the eft'ed of a foutherly fwell, rather than to that of any current. The wind towards the even- ing, frelhening from the S. E. wc ftcered to the N. £. by E. for the point that Beering calls Tfchukotflcoi Nofs, which we had obferved on the 4th of September the preceding year,at the fame time that we perceived, towards the S. E. the Ifle of St. Lawrence. This cape, and St. Thadeus's Nofs, from the north-eaftern and fouth-weftern extremes of the extenfivc Gulph of Ana- dir, into the bottom of which the river of that name difcharges itfelf, feparating, as it pafles, the country of the Tfchutlki f>om that of the Koriacs. On the 3d, at noon, we obferved in latitude 63 deg. 33. min. longi- tude 1 86 deg. 45 min. Between twelve and one, we defcried the Tfchukotflcoi Nofs, bearing N. half^W. at the diftance of 13 or 14 leagues. At five in the after- noon, we faw the ifland of St. Lawrence, in the di- redion of E. three-auartcrs N. and alfo another ifland, which wc imagined was between St. Lawrence and Anderfon's Ifland, kbout 1 8 miles E. S. E. of the for- mer. As we had no certain knowledge of this ifland. Captain Clerke was inclined to have a nearer view of it, and immediately hauled the wind towards it: but it unfortunately happened, that we were unable to weather the Ifle of St. Lawrence, and were therefore obliged to bear up again, and pafs them all to the leeward. The latitude ot the Ifland of St. Lawrence, ac<:oTding to the mod accurate obfcrvations, it 63 deg. 47 min. and its No. 76, , , longitude is 188 deg. 15 min. This ifland, if its boundaries were at prefent w ithin our view, is about three leagues in circumference. The northern part of it may be difccrned at the diftance of ten or a dozen leagues. As it has fome low land to the S. E. the ex- tent of which we could not perceive, fome of us fup- pofcd, that it might perhaps be joined to the land to the caftward of it : wc were, however, prevented by the hazinefs of the weather, from afcertaining this circum- ftancc. Thcfe iftands, as well as the land adjoining to the Tfchukotlkoi Nofs, were covered with fnow, and prefented a moft difmal afpedl. About midnight, the Ifle of St. Lawrence was five or fix miles diftanc, bearing S. S. E. and pur foundings were 1 8 fathoms. Wc were accompanied with fca fowl of various. fortSk and obferved fome ^juiUcmots and fmall crefted hawks. The weather continuing to thicken, wc loft fight of land till Monday the 5th, when wc had a view of it both to the N. E. and N. W. Our longitude, at this time, W.1S 1 89 deg. 14 min. and our kititt|dc6i; dest. 24 min. As the iflands of St. Diomede, which areVitu. ated in Beering's Strait, between the two continents of Afiaand America, were determined by us the pre- ceding year to be in the latitude of 65 deg. 48 min. we were at a lofs how to reconcile the land towards the N. E. with the pofition of thofc iflands. We therefore ftood for the land till three o'clock in the afternoon, when we were within the diftance' of four miles from it, anddifcowqring it to be two iflands, were pretty well convinced of their being the fame ; but the hazinef* of the weather (till continuing, we, la order to be cer- tain, with refpca 10 ouriicuatiqn, tU)od over U) the 7 S AQuto 6aa Ctpt. COOK'k VOYAGES COMPLETE. w Aflatic coaft, till about Tcvcn o'clock in the evening i at whirh time we bad appreuhcd within two or three leaguci of the rancrn cape of that continent. The Cape if an elevated round head of land, and extendi about five miles from N. to S. It forms a peninfula, which i« conncAcd with the continent by a narrow ifthmui of low land. It has a bold (horci and three lofrjr, deuched, fpiral rocks, are feen off its N. part. It was at prefent covered with fnow, and the beach en- compaflcd with ire. Wr were now convinced of our havinp; been under the influence of a Arong current fetting to the northward, w hirh had occaGonrd an error of twenty miles in our rompuiation of the latitude at noon. Atthetinneof our pafling this Strait the laft year, we had experienced a limiUr rfTetfl. Having now afcertaincd our pofition, we fltrcrcd N. by E. At ten o'clock in the evening, the weather clearing up, we faw, at the fame infUnt, the remarkable peaked hill near Cape Prince of Wales, on the North American coaft.andthe EaftCipeof Afia, with the two inands of ^t. Diomcde between them, in the courfc of this day, we faw feveral large white gulls, and great num- bers of very fmall birds of the hawk kind. The beak of the latter was comprelTcd, and large in proportion to the botly of the bird: the colour was dark brown, or rather blark, the brcaHwhitini, and towards the ah. domena reddifli brown hue was vifible. On the 6th, •t tuelve o'clock, our latitude was 67 drg. and our longitude 191 dcg. 6 niin. Having already piiflld many large maflts uf ice, andubfcrved that it adncred, in feveral places, to the ihore of the Aliatic continent, we were not greatly furprifed when wc fell in, about three o'clock, with an cxtcnfive hotly of it, rtrctchmg towards the W. This appearance conHderably diU couragrd our hopes of proceeding much further to the N. this year, than we had done the preceding. There beintj; little wind in the aftei noon, the boats were hoifled out in purfuiT of the fea-horfes, great numbers of which were feen on the detached pieces of ice; but they re- turned without fuccefs: thcfe animals being extremely (by, and, before our people could come within giin-dipt of them.always retreatea intotlwwater. A tfeven o'clock P. M. having hoidcd in the boats, we flood on 10 the noith-eaflward, with a frelh foutherly breeze, intemi- ing to explore the American continent, between the la. titudes of 68 drg. and 69 tWfi. which, on account uf the foggy weather, we had nut an opportunity of ex- amining the lafl year. In this attempt we were prtlv difappointed again : for, on the 7th, aoout fix o'clocK in the morning, we were flopped by a large body of ice, rtretching from N. W. toS. E. but, not long after- wards, the horizon becoming clear, we had a view of the American coafl, at the diltance of about ten leagues, extending from N. E. by K. to E. and lyin^ between 61 deg. and 68 deg. 30 min. of northern latitude. The ice not being high, we were enabled by the cleamefa of the weather to fee over a great extent of it. The whole exhibited a compad folid furface, not in the Icafl thawed ; and fcemed alfo to adhere to the land. Soon after, the weather becoming hazy, we loft fight of the land ; and it being impolTilMe to approach nearer to it, we fleered to the N. N. W. keeping the ice clofe onboard; and havi.ig, by noon, got round its we ftem extremity, we found that it trended nearly N. Our longitude, at this time, was 103 deg. 34 min. and our latitude 68 deg. 33 min. We proceeded alon^ the edge of the ice, to the N. N. E. during the remainder of the day, pafling rhrough man^ loMc pieces which had been fcpantcd fron? the mam txx]^, and againfl which ou. telfels were driven with great violence, nou withflanding our utmofl caution. About eight in the evening, wc paflcd fome drift-wood : at midnight the wind veered to the N. W. and there were continued fliowers of fnow and fleet. The thermometer had now fallen from 38 deg. to 31 deg. On Thurfday, the 8th, M five o'clock, the wind flufting more to the north- waid, we could continue to longer on the fame.tack, by rcafon of the ice, but were under the neceflity of flanding towards the W. Our depth of water, at this tiine,wai i9fiuhotmi from which, upon comparing It with our remarks on the foundingt in the on- ^foingvtu, we inferred, that our prefent diftoncefram the cooft of AnKrica did not exceed fix or feven leasucn but our view was circumfcribed within a muchnar- rower compda, by a heavy fall of fnow. Our latitude^ at noon, was 69 deg. 31 min. and our lonaiiudc lai deg. 43 min. At two o'clock P. M. the weather be! came clearer, and we found ourfelves clofe to an ex- panfeof ice. which, from the maft-hcad. wan difcovettd toconfifl of very large compaft bodies; united to- wards the exterior edge, but. in the interior parts, fame pieces were obferved Roaiinir in vacant fpaces of the water: it extended from W. 8. W. to N. E. by N. We bore away towards the S. along the edge of it, enJ deavouring to get into clearer water; for the flron« northerly winds had drifted down fuch nuinbrn of loofe pieces, that we had been encompalTed with them for fome time, and were unable to prevent the Ihipt from flriking againft feveral of them. On the 9th, » frcfti gale blew from the N. N. W. accompanied with violent (bowers of fnow and fleet. We fleered W. S. W. and kept as near the main body of ice as we could 1 but had the misfortune to damage the cut-water againll the drift pieces and rub off fome of the flicathing from the bows. The fliocks. ind.ed. which our fliim i«- ccived, were frequently very fevere, and were attended with conlidcrable hazard. Our latitude, at noon, was 69 deg. 1 1 min. and our longitude 1 88 deg. 5 min. We had now failed almoll 40 leagues to the W. aloiw the edge of the ice, without perceiving any opening, or a clear fca beyond it towards the N. no profpeii there, fore remained of making further progrcls to the north- ward at prefent. For this rcafon Captain Gierke deter- mined to bear away to S. by E. the only quarter which was clear, and to wait till the feafon was fomewhat more advanced, before he made any further attempts to penetrate through the ice. He propol'ed to employ the intermediate time in Purveying the b.iyof St. Law- rence, and the coafl fituatetotheS. of it; as it would be a great fatisfai^lion to have a harbour fo near, in cafe of future damage from the quantity of ice in thefe parts. We were alfo defirous of pacing another vide to the Tfchutlki; and more particularly fince the accounts we had heard of them from Major Behm. In confe(|uence of this determination, we made fail to the fouthward, till the loth at noon, when we paflcd con- fiJcrable quantities of drift ice, and a perfotl calm en- fued. The latitude, at this time, was 68 d^. i min. and the longitude 1 88 deg. 30 min. This morning we faw feveral whales ; and in the aflernoon. there beii^ great numbers of fea-horfes on the pieces of ice that lurrounded us, we hoifled out the boats, and difpatched them in purfuit of thofe animals. Our people - had more fuccefs on this occafion, than they hadon the 6th; for they returned with three laige ones, and a young one, befides having killed or wounded fome others. They were witnefus of feveral flriking inflances of parental aifeAion in thefe animals. All of them, on the approach of the boats toward* the ice, took their young ones under their fins, and attempted to cfcape with them into the fea. Some, whofc cubs were killed or wounded, and left floating upon the furface of the water, rofc again, and carried them down, fomctimes jufl as our men were on the point of taking them into the boat t and could be traced bearing them to a con- fiderable diftance through the water, which was ftained with their blood. They were afterwards obferved bringing them, at intervals, above the furface, as if for air. ancT again plunging under it, with a horrid beU lowing, "rhe female, in particular, whofe young one hod oeen killed, and taken into the boat, became fo fu- rinus, that flie even flruck her two tuflu through the bottom of the cutter. About eight o'clock in the evening, an eaflerly breeze fprung up, with which we continued to fleer to the (outnwordi and, at midnightt fell in with manv cxtcnfive bodies of ice. We at* tempted to pufli through them under an eafy fail, that the fliips might liiflain no damage 1 and when we had proceeded a little further towards the S. nothing was vifibk but a very large and compaA mafs of ice, ex- .. tending tl f 1 « J » * 1 1 1 ^ V ^] 1 r 1 l^l E « I '4 A:- l\ ^1 ] \\ r 'si r II COOK'i THIRD «ml LACT VOYAfiK— To the ling to the N. E. S. W. and S. E. •• far m the eye U reach, Thi* formiikblc oblhclc prevented our Vifiiing the Tfthutfliii for no fiiacc remained ojKn, «• ccpt h«tk igiin to the northward. Wc ihcrefore lacked. M three o'cKick in the morning of the i ith, and Hood •o (hat quarter. The lat. at mnm, wm 67 deg. 49 mm. •nd the long. 1 SH d<-g. 47 mm. On Vfuiivlay, the 1 iih, «c had I'ght wind* ami hitvy weather. On examinmg the current, wc fo»md it fcr toward* the N. W. at the nteofhalfa mtlcan hour. Wc continued our northerly Courfe, with a l)rcetc frum the S. and fair wra-hcr. till 10 o'clock in the morning of the i;)th, wht c aijain fcund ourfi Ivi'i cinfc in with a folid niaf* of ice, to which «c could perceive no limit* from the maft-head. Thit «aa an eHci!lual difcouragcmeiu to all our hope* of pe- ■etnting further 1 which n.id been greatly railed, by our kaving now advanced almoft to Iraguei, through a ^cc, which, on the 9th, had been found to be 01 cupicd by impenetrable ice. Our fituation, at thi* time, wa« ararly in ihe middle of the channel, betwixt the two continent! I our lat. wai 69 deg. j; min. and the main body of the ice extended from W. S. W. to E. N. E. In that part of the Tea where we now were, there wa« no probability of setting further to the north Cipcam Gierke thereliire determined to make a final attempt on the coall of America, for Ballin"* Bay, fince wc had Ibund It pravhcable to advuiu c the fuithell on this lide, In the preceding year. Wc accordingly, during the rt- iiiaindir of the dav, worked to the windward, with a frelh breeze from the eaO. Weob(erved lever illiilni.ir*, ind arctic ^iills, and paflcd two tree*, both of which fccmcd to h.i\e lain a long time in (he water. Ihe larj^er one wa«, in length, tenor eleven feet, and incir. cumferencc, about tluce, without either the bark or branches. We continued our courfc to the caftward rnthc 14th, with thick foj/Ky wmilur. The next day, the wind blowin(» frerti from the weft, and having, in fomc meafurr, difiierled the tug, wc ini mediately (leer- ed to the north, in order to have a nearer view uf the ii ct and we were foon clofc in with ir. It extended from N. N. W. to N. K. and wa» folid and compact : the ex- terior p.irt!i were ragged, and of various heights; the in- ner liirlace wa.'« even ■ and, as we fiippofed, from 8 to 10 feet alxivc the level of the fea. The weather hecom- inj; moderate during the reft of the day, wc ftiaped our courfc according to the trending of the ice, which, in fcveral places, formed deep bays. On Friday, the 1 6th, the wind frcftiened, in the morning, and was accompa- nied with frequent and thick (liowcrs of fnou. At eight o'clock in the forenoon, we had a ftrong gale from the W. S. W. which brought us under doimlc-rcefcd toji- lails I when, the weather in fomc degree clearing up, uc found ourfclvei, as it were embayed 1 the ice having fuddenly taken a turn to the fouth eaftward, and en- compamng us in one compai^ body, on all Men but the fouth. In confcquencc ol this, ue hauled our wind to the fouthward, being, at that time, in 26 fathoms wa- ter, and in the lat. of 70 deg. 8 niin.N. and, as wc ima- gined, at the diftancc of about 25 leaguef from the A- meridan coaft. At four in the ailtemuon, the gale in- creadng, we got the top.gallant-yard$ down upon the deck, hirlcd the ini/cn top-fail, and clofc- reefed the fore and maintop-fails. About eight o'clock, finding that our foundings had decrcafeil to 21 fathoms, which we conHdered a» an indication of our near approach to the coaft of America, we tacked and fteered to the northward. In the night we had boifterous weather, attended with fnow : but the next morning it was clear and moderate; and, at eight o'clock, wc got the top- sallant-yards acrofs,and bore aw ay, with the wind ftill at W.S. W. Our lat. at noon, was fi9dcc.55 min. and our long. 1 94 deg. 30 min. Ihe wind Ibckencd in the even- inf(, and, about midnight, we had a calm. A light breeze arifing from the E. N. E. at five in the morning of the 1 8th, we C(>ntinued our progrefs towards the N. with a view of regaining the ice as foon as pofTtble. We faw numbers of fea-parrots, and fmall ice-birds, and alfo many whales t and palTed feveral logs of dnft-wotKl. The lat. at 1 2 o'clock, was 70 deg. 26 min. and the 3 long. 1 94 deg. j4 min. (<«» foundingi, at the ftm« time, were 21 fathom* 1 and i 'e ice extended from N. to E. N. E. being about one Kigue dillant. At one o'clock in the afternoon, ubferviiiu 'hat we were riole in with a firm unite i maf* of ice, iTrcti.. ng from E. to W. N. W. we tack' 1. <«nd, the wind veering to the Weft ward, ftood to the fc.. alotis the edge of it, till 11 in the evening. A very thick log then coming on, and the depth of water decreallng to 19 fathom*, we hauled our wind to the fouthward. About nine o'clock in the evening, a white bear Iwam clofe by the Oifcovery 1 It afterward* went toward* the ice, on which were likewile two others. The weather clearing up, at one in the morning of Monday, the 19th, we oore away to the N. Ii till two o'clock, when we were again fo completely embayed by the ice, that no opening remained, except to the fouthward i to which quarter we therefore ilireCled our courfc, and returned through a very fiiiooth water, with favourible weather, by the fame way we had come m. We were unable to penetrate further toward* the N. than at this time, when our lat. wa* 70 deg. j j min. which wa* about five league* fhort of the point to which we had advanced the preceding fummcr. Wc flood to the S. .S. W. with light wind* from the N. W. near the ctl^c of the main Ixniy of ii c, which wai I'tuated on our left-hand, extending between us and t lie .American coiift . •\t noon, our lat. was 7odeg, 1 1 nun. .indoiir long. i«(' deg. i< mm. and our founding* were ih fathom*. We fupiwfed, from thi* circumllance, that the Icy C;apc wa» at the didance of only fcvcn or eight 1. i(i;uc» from ut: but, though the weather was in genera! pretty clear, there wa«, at the fame time, a hazineCs in the hori/on j fo that we could not expect to have an opportunity of feeing the cape. During ih'j altcrnoon, two white bears appearing in the water, I'oitie of our pe.i; .. ijiin\c(liatcly purfued tnem in the iolly-lwat, ami were I'o fortunate aa to kill themlwth. The larger one, which vVat, m all probability, the dam of the younger, licing ftiot firf^, the other would not leave it, though it might have cfcaped with eafe on the ice, while the men were re-loading tneir mufquets; but continued fwimming about, till after having been feveral times fired upon, it was fhnt dead. The lenath of the lamer one, from the fnout to the end of the tail, wa* fcven feet two inches 1 it* circumference, ncur the fore legs, was four feet ten inches i the hei|;hc of the flioulder was four feet three inches; and the breadth of the fore-paw was ten inches. The ucif^iit of its four quarters was 436 pounds. The four qitarvcn of the fmalleft weighed 256 pound*. Thefe anii.iaU furnifhed us with fomc good meals of frefli meat. Their flefh, indeed, had a ftrong filhy tafte, but was inflniteljr fuperior to that of the (ea-horfc j which, however, our people were again perfuaded, with no great difficulty, to prefer to their fal"-* nrovifions. On Tuefday, the 20th, at ua o'clock, A. M. a thick fog arifing, wc loft fight of the ice for the fpace of two hours t but, when the weather became clearer, we again had a view of the main body to the S. S. E. and imme- diately hauled our wind, which was eaftcrly, towards it, expcaiiw to make the American coaft to the S. E. which we clfeacd between 10 and 11 o'clock. The lat. at noon, was 69 deg. 33 min. and the long. 1 94 deg. < j min. Our depth of water, at the fame time, was 19 u« thorns. The land was at the diftance of eight or ten leagues, extending from S. by E. to S. S. VV. half W. being the fame we had feen the preceding years but ir was, at prefent, much more covered with fnow than at that time t and the ice Teemed to adhere to the (horr. We continued to fail in the afternoon, through a fea of loofc ice, and to fteer towards the land, as near as the wind, which blew from E. S. E. would permit. <\ thick fo^ came on at eight o'clock in the evening, and the wind abated. Obferving a rippling in the water, we tried the current, and found it fet to the E. N. E- at the rate of a mile an hour: we therefore refolved to fteer be- fore the wind, during the night, in order to ftem it, and oppofe the large pieces of loofc ice, which were fetting us on toward* the coaft. Our foundings, at midnight, were twenty fathoms. The next morniitt, at eight o'clock, the wind freiheniiig. >nd the ft^dilperfuig, we again 624 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES C O M 1' L E,T E. 1 > M :': t > :>' II [ll^if ni again had fight of the coaft of America to the fouth- caftward, at the dillancc of nine or ten leagues, and hauled in for it; but the ice in a (hort time effedlually ftoppcd our further progrcfs on that lidc, and wc were obliged to bear away towards the W, along the edge of it. Our lat. at 1 2, was 69 deg. 34 min. our long, was 19,) dec. and our foundings were 34 fathoms. A con- nededlolid field of ice, thus baffling all our efforts to ^akc a nearer approach to the land, and (as wc had fame rcafon to imagine) adhering to it, we relinquifiied all hopes of a N. E paflage to (ireat -Britain. Our Commander now finding it impoffiblc to advance fur- ther to the northward on the Amcriian coaft, and deeming it equally improltablc, that fiicii a prodigiotis quantity of ice Ihould be JilFolved by the few remaining weeks that would terminate the fumnicr, coniidered it as the beft ftcp that could be taken, to trace the fea over to the coaft of Alia, and endeavour to find fome open- ing that would admit him further N. or fee what more could lie done upon that coaft, where he hoped to meet with better fucccfs. In confcqucnccof this determina- tion, we ftecred VV. N. W. during the afternoon of the arftof July, throughagrear (quantity ofloofe ice. About ten o'clock in the evening, dilcovcring the main body of ice through the fo^, right a-head, and very near us, and being unwilling to ftand to. the fouthward, (b long as we could poffibly avoid it ; wc hauled our winil, which was eaftcrly, and made fail to the N. but in the fpace of an hour afterwards finding that the weather bvcamc clearer, and that we were fiirroundcd by a compad field of ice on all fides, except to the S. .S. W. wc tai kcil, 'and ftcered in thatdirechon, for the purpofe of getting clear of it. On tue ;:d, at noon, our lat. was 69 ticg. 30 min. and our long. 1H7 dcg. 30 niin. In the after- noon, wc again came up with the ice, which extending to the N. W. and S. W. obliged us to proceed to the fouthward, in order to «e.ithcr it. It may not here be improper to remark, that, liiice the 8th of July, we had twice travcrfcd this fea, in lines alnioft parallel with the run we had juft now made ; that wc were vinahle in the firft of thofe traverfes, to penetrate fo far N. by eight or ten leagues, as in the fecond; and that in thelaff we had ag.iin met with a connedcd mats of ice, generally about five leagues to the fouthward of its pofition in the pre- ceding run. This makes it evid?nt, that the large corn- pad fields of ice, obfervcd by us, were moveable, or di- niiiiifliing; but, at the fame time, it does not authorifa anv expectation of advancing mtirh f;uther, even in the iiioft favourable feafons. About fcvcn o'clock in the evening, the weather being hazy, and no ice vifihle, we made fail to the weft ward; but, fietween eight and nine, the ha/.c difperfing, we found ourfelves in the luidft of loofe ice, and very near the main body ; we therefore lb)od upon a wind, which was fiill callcrly, and conti- nued to beat to windward during the night, hoping to weatlur the loofe pieces, which the ".vmd drove down upon us in fuch quantities, that we were in great danger of being blocked up by them. On I*ridav, the :3d, the clear water, in which we ftecred ro and Iro, ilid not ex- ceed a mile and a half, ami wn leffening every moment. At length, after exerting our moil ftrenuous endeavours to clear the l(K)fe ice, we were under the neccftity of forcing a paffagc to the S. which we accomplifiied be- tween fcven and eight, though not without fulijeeting the Hup to ionic very feverc ihocks. The Diieovery was not fo I'uccef-f'ul; for, at>out 1 1 o'clock, when ftic had almoft got clear out, ftic became lb entangled by I'everal large pieces, that her progrcfs was ftoppcd, and ftie inuiiediately dropped to leeward, and fell, broadfide forcmoft, on the edge of a conlidcrable body of ice; and there being an open fea to windward, the fiirf occafioncd her to ftrike with violence upon it. 'i'his niatii, at length, either fo far broke, or moved, as togive the crew an op- po'UinitN of makmg another effort to tliapc; but, it unfortunately happened, that, before the fhip gathered way cno.igh t^. \>c under command, llie fell toleewarj a fecond time, on anothar fr.igmcnt, and thefwcll render- ing It unfafc to lie to windward, and finding no prof- ped of getting clear, they pulhed into a fmall opening, lulled fheir fails, and made the vcfll-1 faft with icc- I hooks, Wc beheld them in this dangerous fituation ac noon, at the diftancc of about three miles from u», in a N. VV. dircdion; a frelh gale from the S. E. driving more ice towards the N. VV. and augmenting the body that lay between us. Our lat. at this time, w'^as fn) deg. 8 min. our long. 187 ileg. and our foimdings were 28 f^tthoms. To add to the apprehenfions w hich beg m to force themfelves r>n our minds, between four and five in the afternoon, t le weather Incoming thick and hazy, wc loft fight of the Diliovery. However, that we might be in a fituation to ali()rd her every pollible afliftance, wc ftiKjd on dofe b^- the edge of the ice. About fix o'clock the wind ftufting to the north, gave us fomc hopes, that the ice might drift auay, and releafe her from her danger; and m that cafe, as it was uncertain in what condition Ihe might come out, we continuecl, every half hour, to tire a gun, with a view of preventing a reparation. Our fears for her fiifety did not ceafe till nine, when wc heard her guns fired in aiilwer to oursj and not long afterwards being hailed by her, wc were informed, that upon the change of wiiKf, the ice began to feparate, and that her people, fctting all the fails, forced a paflage through ir. On Saturday, the i.^th, we ftecred to the S. ]•.. till 1 1 o'clock A. M. when our courfe wa? again obftruc'Ied by a large body of loofe ice, to which we eouUI difcover no bounds. At noon we found ourfelves in lat. 68 deg. 53 min long. iSS deg. About four in the .ifternoon, wc had :i ilm, and the boats were hoilted out in jnufuit of the f horles, wliich appeared in j)iodi;;ious numbers. Ten of them were killed by our people, as many as could be made ufc of by us fi)r eating, or for convening into lamp-oil. We held on our courfe w ith a fouth-welUrly wind, along the edge of the ice, till four in the morning of the 25th, when perceiving a clear fea beyond it, to the fbuth-caftward, we ftecred to that point. During the remaining part of the day, we continued to run towards theS. I^. with no ice in light. At noon we ohl'erved in lat. 68 deg. 38 min. long. 189 deg. 9 min. and our l()undings were 30 fathom*. For the nniainder of the d.ay, and till noon of the 27tli, we flooii backwards and forwards, to dear ouifelvesol different pieces of ice. At two in the afternoon, we had light of the continent to t'leS. by F.. and, at four, having run, fiiue noon, to the .. W. we wereencoiiipall'ed by loof: maH'ci of ice, with (he mam body in view, nrctching in the dirci'lion of N. by \V. and S. by E. as far as the eye could reach, beyond ivhich we defcried the .Miatic coaft, bearing S. and S. by E. It being now neceflary to come to fbme determi- nation rcfpci^finL' the courfe we were next to llecr. Cap- tain Clerke dilj)aii hed a lioat, with the carpenters, on boajd the Difcover)', to make enquiries into the particu- lars of the damages ihc had lately received. In the even- ing they returnecl, with the report of C'aptain (lore, and of the carpenters of both vellels, that tlie damages fuf- tained were fuch as would require three weeks to repair; and that it would be requifite, for that purpofe, to make the bcft of their tt ay to lome port. Thus finding our far- ther progrcfs to the N. as well as our nearer approach to either continent, obftniLted by immenfe bodies of ice, we coniidered it as not only injurious to the fcrvice, by endangering the fafcty of the Ihips, but likewile fruit- lefs, with rcfpecf to the dclign of our voyage, to make any farther attempts ftu- the difcovery of a pafiage. This, therefore, added to llaptain CJore's reprefenta- tions, determined Captain Clerke to lofe no more time after what he concluded to be an uoattainable objed, but to proceed to the bay of Awatfka, to repair our da- mages there, and before the winter Ihould let in, to take a furvcy of the coaft of Japan. It is impollible to de- fcribe the joy that fparkled in the countenance of every individual, when the Captain's refolution was nude known. All were completely weary of a navigation full of danger, and in whieh the grcateft pcrfcvcrancc had not been rewarded with the ftnalleft profpecl of fucccfs. We therefore turned our thoughts towards home, after an abfence of three years, with a delight and fatislaMion, as fully enjoyed, as il we had been alreaily in fight of the I.and's.end. On Wcdiiefday, the 28th, we worked to windward, with a frelli breeze from the 5. E. being ftill m II.Uml ' -i---J ? l!-LliBlfcJ^J ' nii£- jj I Htiiation at |om uj, in a JE. driving Big the body Iwa.s fiij dcg. Jigs Mtrc 28 Ich begin to T)iir and five jk and hazy, lit wc might |e aflillancc. About fix f vc us Ibinc rclcarc her f)« uncertain ■ continuid, ^ I)rcventing ■lot ccafc till Vr to ours J rr, M"c were lie ice began |ll the fails, S. I-:, till I , Ibdruc'tcd by difc'over nu .68deg. 5 J ernoon, wc in iniifuit of IS numbers, ail} as could veiling into uth-wdUrly lie morning eyond it, to During the run touards oblcrved in in. and our inder of the kwnrdsaiid es oC ICC. At rontincnt to noon, to the ■ of ice, with edionof N. ach, beyond ig S. and S. lie dctcriiii- )llcer, Cap- •pcntcrs, on the particu- In tficcvcn- n (lorc, and aniages fuf- ks to repair; iff, to make ingourfar- •r approach odjcs of ite, fervicc, by :wi/c fruit- c, to make a paflagc. reprelLiua- more time Mc objcd, air our da- r in, to take liblc to de- cc of every was made igationfuil ■ranee had ot fucccfs. "ine, after atistaJtion. ight of th« worked to being (1111 in COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 625 I I in fight of the cotft of Alia. At four in the morn- ing, Cape Scrdze K«men bore S, S. W. diftant 7 leagues. On the 19th, the wind continuing unfavour- able, wemadebutflowpregrcft to thcfouthward. Wc ha'd no land in view till feven in the evening of the 30th, when the fog difpeifmg, we faw Cape Prince of Wales bearings, by £. diftant fix leagues; and the ifland of St. Diomede S. W. by W. Wc now ftood to the W. and at eight made the Eaft Cape, which at midnight, was fhur leagues diflant, bearing W. by N. On Satur- day, the 3 1 u, at four o'clock A. M. the Eaft Cape bore N. N. E. and the N. E. part of the Bay of St. Law- rence, W. by S. diftant 1 3 miles. At noon, wc ob- fervcd in latitude 65 dcg. 6 min. longitude 1 89 dcg. We had now palTed Beering's Straits, and taken a final leave of the N. E. coaft of Afia ; and here wc fiiall (late our rcafons for adopting two general cnnclu- fions relative to its extent, m oppofition to the fcnti- ments of Mr. Mullen The firft is, that the promon- tory, called Eaft Cape, is adlualiy the moll eaftcrly i>oint of that quarter of the gl«bc ; or in other words, that no part of that continent extends in longitude beyond 190 deg. 22 min. E. The fecond is, that the latitude of the north-cafternmoft extreme is fomcwhat to the fouthward of 70 dcg. N. With regard to the former, if fuch land really exifls, it muft certainly be to the N. of the 69ih deg. ol latitude, where the difcoveries made in our prefcnt voyage terminate. We propofc therefore in the firft place to invcftigate the probable dircd'on of the coaft beyond this point. NowrRuflia being the only nation, that has hitherto navigated this part of the ocean, all our information rcfpeOling the pofition of the coaft to the northward ol C-ipe North, is derived from the journals and charts of the perfons who have been engagrd, at ditfurent tiincs, in dcterinining the bounds of that cxtenfive empire, and thefe arc, in general, fo confined, contradirtory, and impcrfert, that wc cannot eafily form a dirtini't idea ot their pret-nded, much lefs collctl the particulars, of their real difcoveries. On this account, the extent and figure of the peninfula, inhabited by the Tfchutlki dill remains a point, on which the Ruffian Gcogtaphers are divided greatly in their opinions. Mr. Mullcr, in the map which he publilhcd in 1 754, fuppofcs that this country extends towards the N. !•'. as far as the latitude of 75 deg. and to the lOngituiie of 190 dcg. K. of Greenwich; and that it ends in a round cape, which he denominates Tfchukotfkoi Nofs. To the S. of this capt, the coaft, as he imagines, forms a bay to the W. bouiidcd in the latitude of 67 deg. 1 8 min. by Scrd/e Kamen, the mnft northerly point obferved by Bcering in his expedition in 1728. I'he map publiflied in 1776 by the academy ol" St. Pctcrfburg, gives a new fonn to the whole peninfula, placing its north-eaftcrn- moft extreme in the latitude of 73 deg. longitude 178 deg. 30 min. and the moft eaftcrly point in latitude 65 deg. 30 min. longitude 1 89 deg. 30 min. All the other maps we have feen, both manuTcript and printed, vary between thefe two, apparently more according to the fancy and conjectures of the compiler, than on any grounds of more accurate intelligence. The only par- ticular in which there is a general coincidence, with very little variation, is thcpontion of the Eaft Cape, in the latitude of 66 d(g. The form of the coaft both to the N. and S. of the Faft Cape, in the map of the aca- demy, is extremely erroneous, and maybe entirely dif- regarded. In Mr. Muller's map, the coaft towards the N. has (omc degree of reltmbiancc to our furvey, as faras the latter cmcikIs, except that he does not make it trend fulT.cicntlvto the W. but makes it recede only about 3 dcg. of loigit.iilc, between the latitude of 66 and 69 dcg. whereas it ai5\ually recedes near ten. Be- tween the latitude of 69 and 74 deg. the coaft, accord- ing to him, bends round to the N. and N. E. and forms a large promontory. On what authority he grounds thi? rcpicfentatior of the coaft, comes next under our confidcration. Mr. Coxe, whofc accurate rcfearches into this fiib- jedl, give gi-eat weight to his fentiments, is of opinion, thai the extremity of the Nofs in qucftion, was never No. 76. pafled except by Deflinefl^ and his party, who failed m the year 1648, from the river Kovyma, and are ima- gined to have got round it into the Anadyr. As the narrative of this expedition, the fubftance of which has been given by Mr. Coxc, in his account of Ruffian dif- coveries, comprehends no geographical delineatron of the coaft along which they failed, our conjecUircs refpedU ing its pofition muft be derived from incidental cir- cumftanccs ; and from thefe it evidently appears, that the 'I'Ichukotfitoi Nofs of Deftinelf, is, in reality, the promontory named by Captain Cook, the Kaft C«pe. Speaking of the Nofs, he fays, that a pcrfon may fail from the ifthmus to the Anadyr, with a lavourable wind, in three days and three nights. This perfectly agrees with the fituation of the Eaft Cape, which is about 120 leagues from the mouth of the river Anadyr; and there being no other ifthmus to the N. between that and the latitude of 69 dcg. it fcems evident, that, by this defcription, he certainly means either the Cape in qucftion, or fome othir fituatcd to the S. of it. He fays, in another place, that, oppolite to the ifthmuf, there are two iflancls in the fea, upon which wc ob- ferved fome of the Tfchutlki nation, in whole lips picres of the teethof thefca-horfe were fixed. This ticfcription coincides exadly with the two iflandj that lie to the S. E. of tne Eaft Cape. We ohlcrveJ, in- deed, no inhabitants upon them; but it is by no means improbable, that a party of Americans from the oppo- lite continent, whom this defcription fuits, might have been accidentally thereat that time, and he might eafily millake them for a tribe of the Tfchutlki. Thefe two circumftances fecm to us to be conclufivc on the point of the Tfchukotlkoi Nofs, though there are others of a more dubious nature from the fame authority, and which now remain to be invclligated. Deflinclf, in another account, fays, that in going from the Kovyma to the Anadyr, a great promontory which projects Very liir into the fea, iiuirt be iloiiMid; and tli.it this cape extends bet wetn N. and N. li. Ic wa's, perhaiiai from thefe exprcffions, that Vluller was induced to re- prcfcnt the country of the Tfchutlki, in the form we find in his map; but, if he had been acquainted with the pofition of the I'iill Cape, as dctcrmiiKd by Cap- tain Cook, and the llriking agreement between that and the promontory or illhmus,(f ir it mull be remarked, that Dcllinetfll ill appears to be fpeaking of the fame thing) in the circumftances above-mentioned, wc are conhdcnt that he would not have thought thofe cx- prclfions of fufficicnt weight to authorifc his extending the north caftcrn extreme of Afia, either [o far to the N. or E. For thele words of Dcftinctf may be recon- ciled with the opinion we have adopted, if «c fuppofc that navigator to have taken thefe bearings from the fmall bight lying to the W. of the cape. The next au- thority, on which Muller has proccetlcd, feems to have been the dc|M)fition of the ColTac Popoff, taken at the Anadirfl(oi oftrog, in 1711. This Cofiiic was fent by land, in company with fcveral others, to demand tri- bute from the independent I'fchutfki tribes, who inha- bited the parts about the Fofs. The firft ciicumftancc, in the narrative of this journey, that can tend to lead to the fituation of Tfchukotlkoi Nofs, is its diftancc from Anadirik; and this istrprefentcd as a journey of ten weeks, with loaded rcin-dcer; for which rcafon, it is added, their day's journey was very inconlidcrablc. We cannot, indeed, conclude much from fo v.aguc an account, but as the diftancc between the Fall Cape and the Oftrog, exceeds 200 leagues in a direct line, "nd confcquently maybe fuppofe'< tt. allow 12 or 14 miles a day, its fiti'ation is not incompatible with Pojwft's calculation. Another circumftancc ftated in this dc- poficion is, that their route lay at the ioot of a rock, named Matkol, fuuate at the bottom of a fpacious gulph. This gulph MuUcr conjectures to be the bay he had laid down between the latitudes of 66 deg. and 72 deg. and he accordingly places the rock Matkol in the center of it; but it apocars to be more probable, that it might be a part of tKe Gulph of Anadyr, which they would doubilefs touch upon m their journey from the Oftrog to the Eaft Cape. What fcems, however, to 7 T put 626 Cap*. C O <> K "8 VOYAGES COMPLETE. V V ' 1 * 1 V I .1 put this point beyond all dilpucc, and to prove that the Cape which PopotV vilitcii cannot Ik to the northward of the latitude of 69 dw. is that part of hiidepofition which relates to an illand lying oil' the N»(s, fioni whence the oppofitc continent might be difccrncd. For, at the two continents, in latitude 69 deg. diverge fo far as to be upwards of 1 00 leagues diflant, it is cer- tainly very improbable, that the coail of Alia fliould again trend in luch a manner to the E. as to come aU moil within tight of the American coall. If thefc ar> gumcnts arc allowed to he cooclufive agatnll the form and extent of the pcninfula of the Tfchutiki, it mull be evident that the Hafl Cape is the Tfchukotflcoi of the r.irlicr Rutllan navigstors: wc lay earlier, bccaufc Bcerin)', ami, after him, ihe late RulFian geographers, have affixed this appellation to the S, I'., cape of the pe- ninfula of the l'lchutl1;i, which was formerly diilin- guilhed by the name of the Anadirikni NofR: and, confequently, hence it will follow, that the undcfcribed tmfl, extending from the latitude of 69 deg. to the mouth of the Kovyma, mufl trend more or lefs to- wards the W. As an additional proof of this, we may obfervc, that the Tfrhotlkoi Nofs is conftnnily laid down as dividing the fea of Kovyma from that of Anadyr, which we think could not poltibly hr, if any large ( a^ie had pmjcded to the N. t'.. in the more ad- vanced latitudes. Another qucllion arifing on this point is, to what degree of northern latitude this coall extends^ before it mciines more immeiliatcly to the W. If the po- fition of the mouth of the Kovyma, both with regard to its latitude and longitude, were afccrtaincd accurately, it might perhaps be raly to form a plaulible conie(fture on this head. Captain Cook was always flrongly in- duced to believe, th.it the northern coaQ of Alia, from the Indigirka eallward, has hitherto been ufually laid down a!x)vc two degrees to the northward of its true iituation : and he has therefore, on the authority of a map that was in his (wfTelTlnn, and on the mtelligencc which he received at Oonalallika, placed the mouth of the Kovyma, in his chart of the N. E. coall of Afia, and the N. W. coall of America, in the latitude of 68 de^. Should the Captain be right in this conjecUire, it is probable, for the reafons we have already Hated, that the < oall of Alia docs not, in any prt, exceed 70 deg. before it trends towards the W. and confequently, that wc were within ons degree of its north-eallcrn ex- tremity. For if the continent be imagined to extend any wheie to the north of Shclitlkoi Nol3,it can ftarcely be fuppofed thu furh an interelling ciniimnanie would have been omitted by the Rulllan navigators, who mention no remarkable promontory between the Anadyr and the Kovyma, except the Ir!all Cape. Ano- ther particular, winch j)i.llinetf relates, may, (KrhafU, be deemed a farther confirmation of tliu ijpinion, namely, that he met with no obflrutflion from ice in failing round the north- eaflem extremity of Alia; though he adds, that this fea is not, at all times, fo free from it ; as indeed appears evidently from his not fuc feeding in his (iill ex|)edition, and, lince that, from the f.iilureof Shal.viroll', as well as from the interrup- tioruand impcdinrn's we met with, in two fucreflivti years, in our prefent voyage. That part of the con- tinent between Cape North, and the mouth of the Ko- vyma, is i<5 leagues in longitudinal extent. About a third of this dillanre from the Kovyma, eallward, was explored in 1721, by leiloi AmolFoll", a Sinbojar- Ikoi of Jakurs, who iiiformcd Mr. Miiller, that its direction waseallerly. .Siiuethat time, it has been fur- vcyrd, with fome digree of .iccuracv, by ShalauroH, whofe chart makes it trend to the N. r". by I"., as far as .ShelatlVoi Nofs, whi( hiie places at the dillancc of about 4 { leagues to the F. of the Kovyma. The fpacc, ilierefore, between this Nofs and Cape North, upwards of 80 leagues, is the only part of the KufTian dominions now remaining unexplored. If the Kovyma, how- ever, be erroneoufly laid down, in point of longitude a.i well as latitude (a Aippoiition by n«i means improba- blcy the cxientof the unexplored coall wili diiiiintili in prnponion. The rcafons which incline ui to imagine, that in the Rulllan charts, the mouth of the river it placed confiderably ion far ttt the W. are the fsllow ing. Fiift, becnufe the accounts that have been given of the navigation of the Frozen Ocean, from that ri- ver, round the north-eaflern extreme of Afia, to the gulf of Anadir, do not agree with the fuppofed diflancc between thofc placet. Secondly, becaufe the diflance from the Anadyr to the Kovyma, over law!, it reprc- fented by former Kuflian travcllert at a journey nt no very great length, and ealily perfbrtvied. Thirdly, be- caufe the coaft from the Shelatfkoi Noft of ShalaurolF appeart to trend dirc(flly S. E. fowanls the Cape. If this be really the cnfo, it may be inferred, that, as we were, in all probability, not more than one degree to the fouihward of Shelatlkoi Nofs, only 60 miles of the coall of Alia are unafcertained. We are of opinion, thinking it highly probable, that a N. W. paffage from the Atlantic into the Pacific Ocean, docs not cxill to thefouthward of the 5 5th deg. of latitude. If therefore a pallagc really ex ids, it mul^ certainly be either through Baflin's Iwy, or by the N. of (irccniand, in the weftern hemirpiere ; or ii\ the callern, through the I'rozen .Sea, to the N. ol .Sibttia; and on which ever ikie it is iituated, the navigator mull paft through the flraits diftinguillied by theiiaiuc of Deering's Straits. 'JTie impraClirnhility of pene- trating into the Atlantic Ocean, on either fule. thrDugli thcfc Straits, is therefore, all that now remains to be ofli-red to the reader's conflderation. Here wc mull previoufly obfervc, that the fea to the northward of Bcering'i .Straits, was found by us to be more free from ice in Augull than in July, and perhaps in fome part of .September it may be (lill more clear of it. But, after the autumnal equinox, the length of the da)s di- minilhes fo fall, that no farther thaw tan be cx^nelrd j and we cannot reafonably attribute fo great an etfect to the warm weather in the firll fortnight of the month ol .Spptember,a8 to imagine it capable of difi)erlinj; the ice from the mod northern parts of the coall of America. Admitting this, however, to bepoHJble, it mull at ieall Ik allowed, that it would be highly abfurd to aitenip'.to avoid the icy cape, by running to the known parts of Bathn's Riv,(a dillancc of 420 leagues, or 1 i(>o miles) in fo Ihort a (pace of time as that paffage can be fup- pofed to remain open. On the fide of Alia there ap- |)ears Hill lefs probability of fuccefs, not only from what came to our knowledge, relative to the Hate of the fea to the fouthward of Cape North, but likewile from what we have gathered from the 'xpiricnie of the lieuicnantJi under the diredion of Hccring, and the jimrnal of Shalaurolf, rcfpedling that on the N. ot .Siberia. But, th- pollibility of failing round the north -eallern extremity of .Mia, it undoubtedly proved '.>y the voyage of Deflinetf, if its truth be ailmitted ; yet when we reP.e\fl, that lincc the time of that navi- gator, near a century and a half has elnpfed, during which, in an age of curiolity and cntcrpri/.e, no perfon has yet been able to follow him, we can entertain nv very great expci'lations of the public benefits to be de- rived from it. But even on the fuptwfition, that, ir\ fome remarkably favourable feafon, a vclTel ought find a clear palfagc round the coall of Sihcria, and arrive fafely at the mouth of the Lena, Hill there ivmains the Cape of Taimura, extendingto the 78th dig. ot latitude. which no navigator has hitherto had the gooii lortuni- to double. .Some, however, contend, that there are (Irong real'ont for believing, that the nearer approai h we make to the pole, the fea is more dear of \lv and that what malFcs we obferved in the lower latitudes, had originally been formed in the great rivers of Si- beria and America, by the breaking up of v hith the intermediate fea had been filJeil. But even if that fuppofiiion be true, it it no left certain, that there tan be no acccl's to thofe ojien feas, unlefs this prodigious malikof ICC Ihould be lo far diflblved in tie fummer, as to admit of a fliip's making her way through it. l| this be i» real fa^t, we macic choice of an improper time of the )'i!'ar for attempting to difcovrr thispallngr, whu h COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOVAOE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. (S27 which Ihould have been explored in the months of April and May, before the riven were broken up. But fcveral rpaTom n»y be alledged againlt fuch a Aippo- fition. Our experience at Pt-tropaulowtka, gave ui an opportunity of judging what might be expcAcd far. ther northward ; aiM upon that ground, we had fomc rcafon to entertain a doubr, whether the two continents might not, durin{^ the winter, be even joined by the ice; and this coincided with the accounts we received in Kamtfchatlca, that, on the coaft of Siberia, the inha- bitants, in winter, go out from the thore upon the ice, todllhnccs thatcxceod the breadth of the fca, infomc parts, from one continent to the other. 'Vhc following rcmnrkablc particular is mentioned in the dcpofition above rcirrrni to. Spcalcing of the land fi-cn from the Tchiitflii Nofg, it is laid, that, during the fummcr, they f lil in one day to the land in baidares, a kind of vcflcl firmed of whale-bone, and covered with the (kins of firals; and, in the winter, as they go fwift with rein-dccr, the journey may be performed in a day. Mullcr's ac- count of one of the expetiitions, undertaken tor the pur|H)f(.- of difcoveringa fuppofed ifland in the Frozen Sea, is ftill tnore rcnurkablc. His narrative is to the following purnoit. In 1 71 4 a new expedition was pre- £!>rcd from Jukutzk, under the condud of Alcxei larkolV, who was to fet fail from the mouth of the Jana; and the 16th of March, in the fame year, and returncu to Ufl-jantkoeSimovie on the 3d of the fiitcc.'ding month. The account of his journey is as folliTws: thai fur the fpace of feven days, he travelled witli as niU(h expedition as his dogs could draw, (m hich in goxl trackx, and favourable weather, is from Soto 1 00 wti fti a day) U) the northward, upon the ice, without ohfervin^ any ifland: that he was prevented from proccrding farther by the ice, which rofe like mountains in that part of thefea: that he hadafcended fame of thefc, whence he could fee to a great diibnce around him, hut could difcern no land: and that, at length, j)rovi: ions for his dogs bci::g cirficierit, many of them died, v hich reduced niin to the nccetilty of re- turning. Bc^ivll^s the above-mentioned aiguments, which pro- ceed ujwn an aiimifTionof the hy(>othe(is, that the ice in this Ocean comes from the rivers, others may be ad- duced, whit!) afford good icaCon for fufj^iecting the truth of vhe hypothecs itfelf. t:aptain Cook, whofe opinion, with regard to the formation of i< c, had ori- ginally cointiied with that of :he theorifts wean now endeavouring to confute, found lufficient grounds, in tlie prefent voyage, for changing his fentiments. We obferved, thai the eoafts of botii continents were low; t'.at the depth of water gradually dccreafcd towards them, and that a ftrikmp; refcnihlame prevailed between the two; from which circumllanres, as well as from the dcfcription given by Mr. Hcarnc of tlie coppcr- tnjne river, we have room for conie!e (olid and comiMd: however, as in our different tiaverfes from one fide to the other, we pafl'ed over fpaces which had before been covered with it, we ima- gined, that the greatcft part of what we (aw was move . able. Its height, on a medium, wc effimated at eight or ten feet, and that of the highcft at 16 or 18 feet. Wc again examined the currents twice, and found that they were unequal, thoi h they never exceeded one mile an hour. Wc like> "e found the currents to let diffirrent ways, but more from the S. W. than from any other quarter ; vet whatever their direction might be, their eflW was fo inconiiderabic, that no conclulions, with refpedt to the rxiftence of any paffagc towards the N. could pnffibly be drawn from them. Wc (bund July much colder than Augtft. The Thermometer, in the I ft of thefe months, waa once at 38 deg. and fre. quentljr 628 CaptXOiOK's VOYAGE'S C O M rt'E T E. i I J quemly at 30 Hcg. whfre**, during the laft fwfon, in 1778, It was very uncommon in Auguft. W huve it fo low ai the Ireczing lipjnt. In both (t»Si)n*, . wc «)cp«i T'cnccd fomc high wind#, all of whish bUw from the & n . Whenever the wind vu nnod«rate fn>in anf qiiMt tcr> wc were fubjed to fqgp 1 but they were,ph|cnv«a lo attend fouthcrly wind* more connantly than othcrt. The ftraits, between the American and Afiatic conti* nciiis, at their ncareft approath. in lai> 66 deg. were afi ccrui;icd by ii« to be 1 •} la^in;», of 39 miles, beyond which they diverge to N. U. by H. and W. N. W. and in the lat. ot 69 dcg. their ddlaiicc from eartl^oth^r t« abouf 300 nules, or 100 leagues. In the afpofl of the two countries to the N. of the ftraits, a great rcfem- blancc is difcernible. Both of them arc deHitute of wood. The rtiOrcs arc low, with mountains farther in- land, riCng to a great heig^jt. The f«Hindings, in the midway of ihc lliaits, were 29 and . «/ nrnrry—Hii Jtiiib, niiii fMihfti fcriHCt — Ibf Rejoltitim and Difcaivn return to St. Pettr athi Si. I'riul — homoiions awmg^ the nfficrrt, in (oiifeiftfna^ tf tlv Comiinihrt's drall'-^h'imcral of CJpiaiH C'nke, and the ^/olniritift altaidm):^ 11 — liifcrip/ion.i to bn memnry — l^'llirj'rmii tbr Ctmmtimkr of Snhberttik tt CiPluiii QDre—Afup- fly e military umiij' tlrari, and ciirioiu partiaiiar.< rr/pe^/ing ibofe animaJ]-~ __ A flip ply of cattle reci\~ird-—EnliTtaiiimeiits in I'OMom- of it<- I'.mprrfs' .< name-day — Prrfiiit from ibe Commander Tbe RcfilMinii and OifcoiYry 7c/nk out of Au-at/ia Biiy — Jbal &iy drf riled — .idiwiomiial and nautical rciiiarks-—A circuntm ftautial,full, iimi complete gei^r.ipbii aland bifioricalaccoiint and uarraliie of Kampt/ihatka. ON Sunday, the ill of Augufl, 1779, weobrcrvciu. and our (oundinj^s «ere 17 iathoiii3.\\'c were not near enough to this land to afceituin, whether it was a ^roiipot illamis, or only :i liiit;le one. Wc had pallid it.s moll wcl'erly point in the evening of the 3d of July, which we tfien iapi>oled to be the llle ot St. L^awrena-; the calU-rniiioll we iailed tlofe by m Septcinb<*r, the i)recedmg icar, and this we denominated Gierke's illand, and found it coin- i/ofed of a numlwr ol lofty cliHs,connci.ied by very low land, i hoii^h thoft tlifl* werenullaken by us, lal\ year, lor feparate illands, till wc made a very near approach to the Iborc, wc are Hill inclined to conjcolure, that the llle of St. L.awrence u diftinct from Gierke's Ifland, as there appeared lictwecn them a confidcrablc fpace, where we did not obferve the leaf! appe.irancc of riling ground. In the aftern(M>p, wc likewilc faw what had the appear- aii'c of A fmall illaml, to the N. \i. of the land that we had Iccn at noon, and which, from the thic kncfs of the weather, wc had only (ight of once. We fuppofed its diftance to be 19 leagues from the illand of St. Law- rence, in the direction of N. E. by E. half li. On the jd, we had light variable winds, and fleered round the N. W. point of the Ide of .St. Lawrence. In the after- noon, a trclli brerte riling from theE. wc fleered to the S. S. W. and quickly loft (ight of St. Lawrence. On Sa- turday, the 7th, at noon, wc obf'.rvrd in lat. 59 dcg. 38 mm. long. 183 deg. At four o'cii ., having a dead cilm,part of the companies of both Ibips were employed in h'hing, and taught a number of fine large cod, in 1 7 latlioms water, which were diltributed equally among the crews. To this place wc gave the name of the Bank of (icod IVovidencc, and as foon .is the l>reeie fpning up, we made fail, and ftood t^ "^. W. but we were forced more to the caftward than wc wifticd, it being our m- 3 tcntion to make Bcering's Ifland. Cn Tuefday, the lOih, we were, hy obfervatinn, in lat. 56 deg. 37 min. Friday, the 13th, we difpatched a boat to the Dii'co. very, tor the purpofc of comparing time, ami llie car., ricd thedifagreeahle iniclligcnce, that Cnpta in Gierke had been gisen over by the furgeon. The weather fallmg calm, we hove to, in order to get fome fiflt for the lit k : a few were caught, and dilTributcd accord- ingly. On Tucfdiy, the 17th, .it five o'clock, A. M. the man ac the niall-head called out. Land to the N. W. Thi» we imagined to be the illaiul of Mednoi, which, in the Rullian chaits, is placed to the .S. E. of Beenng's Illaiul. It IS elevated land, and was at this time appa- rently tree from fnow. By our reckoning, it lies in lat. 54 dcg. 2S min. long. 167 deg. 52 min. Captain Gierke, now [H-rcciving his end drawing near, lignified his defire, that the oflicers would receive their orders from Ml. king; and dircded, for the lift time, that wc flioiild repair, with all convenient fpccd, to the Bay of Awaifka. The wind continuing wefterly, wc held on a fonthirly courfc, till Thurfday, the i^th, when, air-jr a few hours continuance of rain, early in the morning, It blew from the E. and became a ilrong gale. Wc made the moft of it, by ftanding towards the W. with til the fail wc couid carry. On the 20ih. the wind va- rying to the S. W. we llcercd a W. N. \N . coiirfe. At noon, Hcobfcrved in lat. (,\ dcg. 7 min. long. 162 deg. 49 min. On Saturday, the 21ft, between five and fix o'clock, A. M. wcdeftricd a very lofty peaked moun- tain, on thecoaft of Kamtfchaika, known bv the name of Che[VM>n(koi mountain, hearing N. W. by N. and diftant near 30 leagues. At noon, the coaft was oh- fervcd to extemi liom N. by E. to W. with a very great hazinefs ii[>on it, and diftant aliout 1 2 leagues. On Sunday the 2;nd, at nine o'clock, A. NL a boat was fent off to the iJifcovery, to announce to Captain f fore, the ilcath of our Coiuinodorc, Captain Charles Gierke, who paid the debt of nature when in the 38th year ot hn age. Ilisileath was on alioned by a con- fainprion, which had inanifellly conmiencril before his iWpnrture from England, and of which he had hn« I'cud du'iny; the whole continiuiKc ol tlic vovagc. •'Jii u> . His Imewhtt ofAfia, towarcK |tr cither > few und but ,/. Bui I when in |we found I diflkult We I nor, win lenrlt and lend, they Ifume the Iflfon the proceeded .h'« V. -. -.^ nnfined /$ '0 i't. Peler ke, and the ■C'- A flip' f par/Iff — rr— DiJcU animals-^ omin — The —A circum- -.i ucfday, the LR. ;n inin. the Dilco- nA ftie car^ ;tain Gierke he weather bnic lifl) for ted accord- A. M. the I the N. W. Inoi, which, of llecring's I tiiucapm- it hcsinlat. II. Captain ar, hgnificd their orders imc, that wc the Bay of we held on when, alrtr he niornine, ; gale. VVc the W. with he wind va- courfc. At nj;. 162 Ava. tivc and fix akfd nioun- bv the n^iiiic '. by N. and oart was ob. 1 a very great lies. I. M. a boat e to Captain itain Charles 1 in the {Sth ei) by a con- nl before his he ha(i iin- 1 the vovage. ■ His Kit very gradual decay had for a long time rendered him a melancholy objc^ to hii friend»( but the firm- neft and equanimity with which be bore the flow ap- RrOBcheiof death, thcconftantflowof Rood fpirits whuh e retained even to the laft hour, and a chearful refig- nation to the decree of heaven, furniflied them with Tome confolation. It was impofllble not to feel an un- common degree of compaflion for a gentleman, who ]uul experienced a feriei of thofe difficulties and hard- (hip*, which muft be the inevitable lot of every fea- man, and under which he at laft funk. He was bred to the navy from his youth, and had been in many cn- ftgements during the war which commenced in 1756. n the a(flion between the Bellona and Courapeux, he was ftaiioned in the miien-top, and was carried over- board with the mart J but was taken up, without having received the leaft injury. He was midftiipman on board the l^lphin, commanded by Commodore By- ron, when (he nrft failed round the world; and was af- terwards on the American (lation. In the year 1768, he engaged in a fecond voyage round the world, in the iituation of mafter's mate of the Endeavour 1 and, during that expedition, fucceeded to a lieutenancy. In the Refolution he made a third voyage round il.c world, in the capacity of fecond lieutenant: and, in a ihort time after his rcturo, he was appointed mailer »nd commander. In the prefent expedition, he was aupointed Captain of theDifrovcry,and to accompany Ciptain Conk. By the calamitous death of the latter, he fucceeded of courfe, as we have already related, to the chief command. It would favour of injuftice and ingratitude, not eo mention, that, during the (hrirt time he was Commodore, we always obfcrved him to be re- markably zealous for the fucecfs of the expedition. When the principal command devolved upon him, his health began rapidly to decline ; and he was unequal, in •very refped, to encounter the feverity of a high nor- thern climate. The vigour of his mind, however, was not, in the leaft, impaired by the decay of his body: and though he was perfe< h)orhing. Captain Gore, ',1 confequence of the ueath of our late Commodore, made out the new commiffions He himfclf fucceeded to the chief command in the Refolution; and our lieutenant, Mr. King, was appointed Captain of the Difcovery. Mr. Lanyan, mafter's mate of the ReCi). lurion, and wh6 had been in that capacity, in a forihef voyage, qn board the Adventure, was appointed to the vacant iieiitcnancy. In confequence of thefc arrange- mcnts, the following promotioiis took place. Lieute- nants Bumey and Rickman {trOm the Difcovery) w'pre appointed ftrft and fecond lieu'rdh'ahts of the Refolution i and lieuttrnan^ Williamfon firll1l(iitenant of the Dif- covery. Captain King, by 'he permiffion of the Com- modore, took in four midftiipmen, who had rendered themfelvcs ufeful to him in agronomical Calculations ; and whofe afTif^a^ce was become the more neccflary, as we had not ari ephemeris for the ptefcnt year. And that aftronomical obfervations mi^t not be negledicd to be made in either (hip, Mr. Bayly took Captain King's place in the Refolution, for thefc purpofes. This ilay w c wei ? attended by the Pope RomanOlf Verefha- gen, the worthy prieft of Paratounca. His exprcf- ftons of forrow for the death of Captain Clerke did ho- nour to his feelings; but the good old gentleman, though much concerned, ftai'ted fcveral dlRKulties.and appeared rather unwilling tO comply with the requeft of the deccafed. He urged, among other objcfllons, that the Church was foon to be pulled down ; that every winter it was three feet deep iit water; and that in 9 few years no veftigc of it would rcitlain, as the new church was to be ercfted near the Oftrog of Awatflta, upon a drier and more convenient fpot. He therefore advifcd, that the remains of bUr late Commodore fliould be depoftted at the foot of a tree, the fcite of which was to be included in the body of the new church, where the bones of the Captain might probably reft for ages undifturbed; howeve'i*, hefubmitted the choice of either place entirely to Ciptiin Gore.' Thefe rea- fons, whether real or fuflitious, the officers who had charge of the ru\i)m1 could not difprovc, and there- fore foiiic of our people had orders to dig the grave where the prieft (bould diredl. The Dilcovery having fuftercd great injury from the ice, efpecially on the ajd of July, and continued ex- ceeding leaky ever fince, it was apprehended that fome of her timbers might have ftarted:" our carpenters were therefore fent to r.ifill thofe of the Difcovery in repair- ing her. To accommodate thofe who were to be em- ployed on fliorc, a tei»t w*i eretflcd, and a party was fent into the country, north of the harbour, to fell tim- ber. The obfrrvatories were placed at xSe well end of the village, near wh-c'i waseredled a tent as an abode for the Commodore- and Captain King. When the carpenters began to rip the damaged ftieathing from the larboard bow, it was difcovcred, that three feet of the third ftrakc were ftavrd, and the timbers ftartcd: and as they proceeded, the decayed ftatc of the (hip's hull became more and more Apparent: The (cafon be- ing now far advanced, Ciptain King was unwilling that 7 U any 1ilte- .1>^ 630 Capt. CQOK't VOYAGES CpMPLETE. W¥i I'll I v^ Mm i\ mW ■ ' any hindrance or delay fhould ,happcn through bim, to Captain Gore'i farther views of difcovery.and there- fore ordered the carpenters to rip otT no more of 'he Ihcathinpr, than (hould be abfoKiicJy nccefTary for re- pairing the damages occafioned by the ice. lie was apprehennve of their nieeti|ng with more decayed planks, which he thought hiid bietCer rdfriain in th^it llatc, than have their places fupplied with jirecrjr bireh, even fi^ parin(; it could be procured. All hands were now fully cmplovcd in their fcp.iratc.drpartmcnts, that we might be pcrfcdiy ready for fca, by the time the carpenters bad completed their bufmefs. Four men ytcre fct apart (6 haul the fc^nc for (almpn, which were caught in in\mcrtfc quaiiUties, and we foutjd them pf mpft vx- celk^it quiMty. A^jer ^hc Wants of bot^ (ivp were fufflciently ruppTiea, we .^daily fajte*!} down aimod a hoglhcad. We had four lav^fids, who were employed in gathering grcciif, and copkihg for thofc who were aflui-e. Wej tifo landed jHir cowder, in order to have it driCit; ahd'thc btuDDer or the fea hnrfcp, with which both Ihips had qpmplcfcly furqiQicd iheinfelvcs, in our paflagc to the i|ta;rtn, wa| noy failed down fur oil, ana was become a very nraOi^ry. article, having i<)ng fince exuended #11 our capoiev "iTKe cooper was alfocmploycdin his.^jepartrtKnt, , jwith (|tip« compa- nies Were thutf engaged till l^aturqay/ ^h« 38th, in the yfterHnnn, which yias ^llo.wed 'o «very. nian (except the carp nt.rs) to Wa(h thiir linch, and get their cinihcs in tolerable order, that on Sunday they niight m^^ ,» de.. cent appearance. On Sunday, the 39^!^ yie pcffipmjrcd the laft affcift- fng o'.licesat the intenn<;;>t of Captain Clcrke. our late much refpcAed Commraore ; and to make the fufirial the more fojcmn, every officer ,was dcfired to ^ appear }n his uniform; the marines were ordered to be drawn up under arms; and the cothhion men to be drcflcd as nnrly alike as polTible, in order to attend the corpfe fr jm the wqter-fidc to t|)e grave. All the KufTiant in thegarrifon alTcmbl^d on the occafion, affiftingrcliKfl- fully in the foleinnity, and the worthy paftor of Par^. tounea Joined in the proceflidn, waijcing with the gen- tleman who read the fervice. The fliips, at the fame time fired ininutc gtms, and the drums, muffled as ufual, beat the dead march. When the corpfe arrived nt the grave,. U was depolited under a triple difcharge of three vollics, fired bv tbc marines^ which concluded the burial fervice. When the ^rfivc wu covered, it was thought proper to fence it in by piles driven deep in the ground, and afterwards to fill up the fpacc in- tlofed with ftones and c^rth, to prefervc the body from being devoured in the winter by bears, qr other w iid hearts, who are remarkable for their fagacity in fee nt- ing out the bodies of dead paflTengers, when any hap. pen to jjcrifli, and arc buried near the roads. Thij niournuil ceremony being over, an cfcutcheon wa» prepared, and neatly painted by the ingenious Mr. Webber, with the Captain's coat of arms properly em- blazoned, and placed in the church of Par.tounca. Underneath the ekutcheoh v/as the following; iafcrip- tion. There lie '.nterred at the for,i of a vvrc, near the Ofliog of St. Peterand St. Paul, The Bod- of CHAl ^ES CLERKE, Efqulrc, Comr a ^Jero^ .iES COOK, Efquirc, Who was killed by the natives of an Idand ue difcovered 'n the South Sea, after having ex- plored tht Cisft of America, from 4J licg. 27 min. to 7odeg. 40min. 57 fct. N. in fearch of a N. W. palfage from EUROPE to the EAST-INDIES. The Second Attempt being made by Captain Qerke, who failed within fotne tew Leagues of Captain Cook; but was brought up By a folid body of Ice, which he found from the America to the Alia fhcc, k and almrtft trrndcd due EiJl and Weft— He died at Sea, on his return to the Southward, on the 3:nd Day of *• Auguft,i779, AgedjS ^ears. Another infcription was affixed to the tree uaJer which he was interred. This tree Hands on a little eminence, in the valley, ncth of the harbour, (and at foniediftance from the town\ where the florc-houfcn and hofpital arc fituated. ami round which frveral Ruir fian^ciukmeq had bcxii buried; Im;.- no .c Vhighuixm tile eiuincnie as the fjiot pointed out for the grave ol Captain Clerkc, and which Captain Gore fuppofed to be fuch a fituation, as was moll confonant to the willn-s of the deirari-d. 'the inlcriptinn at this place was nearly the fume as that in the Churcl^ and U as fvUowv Beneath thistree lies the Boily of Captain CHARLES CLERKE, Efquire, Comnianderof Mis Britannic Majefty's Shi^,s, the Rcfolution and Difcovvry: Whic*^ Command he fuccccded to, on the 1 4th of (February, 1 770, on the Peath of Captain JAMES COOK, Who was killed by the Natives of fottie Illands he difcovered in the South Sea, on the Date above. CAPTAIN CLERKE Died at Spi, pf a lingering lllnefs, on the 22ad Day of Augyft, 4779, In the 38th Year of his Age : And was Interred on Sunday, the ayth following. On this occnfiun the ckws of both ftiips were fnf- fcrcd to continue on fliore, and to divert themfelvcs, each as he liked beft. It was Captain Clerke's dcfire that they fliould have double allowance for three days fucccfTively, and all that while to be exciifed from evert- other duty, than what the ordinary attendance in the ftiips required ; but the fcafon being far advanced, ami a long track of unknown fea to travcrfe before they could reach China, theotficers reprefenting thchardlhipa Vtd inconveniences that Co much loll time might bring upon themfelvcs, thev very readily gave up that part ui the Captain's requclt, and returned to their relpedive duties early the next day. Accordingly, on Monday the 30th, the feveral parties reaflTumed their allotted cm- ploy mentu; and on the and of September, the carpen- ters proceeded to rip off fych of the Iheathing as had been injured by the ice, from I. . ftarboard-f'^e 1 hav- ing (in) tliifced the datmged planks, and u; aired and caulkci^i the thcatbing oi the larboar \\m. Four feet of the pl^tiil- wt '>- difcovercil in the third f* .lii;: nder the wait, I / mufii ihakcn 1? to require to it ' .|>iaced j wiiich was accordingly done; and on the ]d the ihcaih • ing was repaired. In the afternoon we get fome liai lafton '. Mrd; after which we unhung the ■ 'der, and caufed it to be conveyed on ftiorc, the leao of the pin- tles hc'n^ much worn, and a confidenible part of the (heaHii ^ -.ibbed off This day an enfign at' * '~d from BolclK c li, with a letter from the Commaniioc of that place tc Captain Gore ; from which, by the aftlftance of the IcfTAnt, we undcrflood, that pro|>er orders ha.v of that e afliftanie of ders had been few days we added. tha the con\iiiand ,(ia ami Ainr- Id ut he was d to fupply lis require: that enirnt for the len he uas to 3Ut an ollifpr. The The RulPians, in Kamtfchatko. could not furnidi us wiih a better account of Synd than Mr. Coxe has given u«t f'ti.ugh they feemcd difpofed to communicate, without refcrve, what they really knew. From Major Ikhm we had received only this general information j that thecx- Kdition had miicarried, and that the Commander had en cenlured. It was evident, that he had been on the coaft of America, fouth of Cape Prime of Wales % and as he was too far north to meet with fca otters, which the Kufllans feem to have in view in all their attempts •t difcoveries, it is probable, that hi* return without having made any, from whence commercial advantages wight be reaped, was the caufe of his difgracc, and on that account his voyage is fpoken of with contempt by all the Ruflians. On Sunday, the jth, all the par tics that were on fliorc returned to the (hip, and were employed in ftrubhing her bottom, and getting in fome (hingle ballad. On Wcdnefdav, the 8th, wt- hauled the Kcfolution on (liore, in order to repair fome damages Ihc had received from the ice, in her cut-water. We began, about this time, to make a (Irong dec«K'lion Irom a (pecies of dwarf pine, which is very plentiful in this country, (udging it would hereafter be u(<;ful in making beer.and that we might perhaps be able to procure fugar, or a fubftitute, to ferment with it, at (Janton. We knew, however, it would be an admirable medicine for the fcurvy, and therefore were particularly defirous of pro- curing a confiderable fupply 1 as molt of the preventa- tives with which he had lurni(hed ourfclves, were either confumed, or had loft their efficacy through long keep- ing. When we had prepared about a hogftiead of it, the (hip's copper was found to be remarkalily thin, and that, in many places, it was even cracked. This obliged us to defift, and orders were given, that, for the future, it (liould be ufcd as fparingly as poflible. Thofe navi- gators, who may hereafter be engaged in long voyages, would adl judiriouny if they provided themlclves with a f|Kire copper^ or, at lea(\, they (hnuld lie fully con- vinced, that the copper, ufually furnillicd, lliould Ik re- markably (trong and durable. Thefe necefTary utenfils are employed in fo many extra fcrvices, particularly in that important one of brewing antifcorbiitic decodhons, that fome fuch provifion feems nbfolutely necefTary ; and the former appears the more eligible, becaufe a much greater quantity of fuel would be confumed in heating coppers that are very thick. Friday, the i oth, in the morning, the boats from both the Ihipa were ordered to tow a KulTinn galliot into the harbour, which hadjtift arrived from Okot(k. She had been no Icfs than 35 days on her palTage, and, from the I.ight-houfe, had been obferved a tbrtnight before, Ixating up towards the mouth of the Iwy. The crew had at that time difpatched their b«>ut on fliore, in or- der to procure water, which they much wanted; but, the wind increaling, the boat was loH : the galliot was again driven to fea, and thofe who w ere pafllngers fuf- fercd, with the crew, inconceivable hardfliips. On board this galliot were fifty foldiers.wiih their wives and chil- dien i they had alfo other paltrngers, and the crew con- fillcdof?.5 feamen, making in the whole, upwards of 100 jxrfons ; which, for a vclTel of 80 tons, was a great number, cfperiallv as (he was heavily laden with ftores and nrovifions. This galliot, and the (loon which we faw here in May, arc built in the manner o( the Dutch doggers. Soon after the \vKk\ had come to anchor, we were vifited by a Put-parouchich, or fub-lieutenant, who arrived in her, and lent to take the command of Shis place. Some of the foldiers were intended ta rein- (iirce the garrifon 1 and two pieces of cannon were brought on (bore, to fcrvc at an additional defence to the towi; ; fiir, the iMncIl fcrjoant obferved flirewdly, that, as we had found the way here, others might do the fame, who would not be (■ \» lione as ourfclves. On the I ith, the damages o( .h Refoliition being re- paired, we ha'iled her olf froic ihc (twrc, and, in the courfe of the day, we got fome pitch, isr, cordage, and IV 't'.c ♦^rom the galliot. She ai d (Vif nilhcd us with 1 40 Ikins of flour, aoKMiiting to 13,7?! Engli(h pounds troy weight. On the 1 ith, Fndgii Svn.l left us to re- turn to Bokhcrctik, with chc nniuimrr oi the foidien who hid arrived in the galliot. During his abode here, he ha I been our conftant gueft j and, on his father's ac- count, we thoitght him in fome degree belonging to us; and, as one of the family of difcovercrs, entitled to a Iharc of our cRecm. The ferjeant, as being commander of the p.jcc, had hitherto been admitted to our tables; and his coinpany was additionally welcome to us, be- caufe he was fenlible and ijuick in his conceptions! and comprehended, Ix-iter than any other perfon, the few Rullian words that we had acquired. Whilft Eiilign Synd remained among us, he very politrly permitted him to enjoy the fame privileges t but when the new Comnunder arrived from Okotflc, the fetjeaiif, for what caufe we did not underftand, fell into dilgrace,and wai no longer permitted to fit in the company o( his own officers. Our endeavours to obtain inclulgcnce (or hinj, we perceiveil would have l>een inefTed^uali for, though highly agreeable to us, it was, perhaps, incompatible with their dtfcipline. On Wednelilay, the ijth, we had completed the ftowage of the holils, got our wood and water on board, and were ready lor fcaj but wc could not think o( tak- ing our departure, becaufe the cattle were not yet ar- rived frnni Vcichnei j and frcih provilions wete now become the moll important article of our wanti, and ellentially necellary for preferving the health ot our peo- ple. Ihvmg before us a profpcdl of fine weather, we conlidered this as a favourable opportunity of engaging in fome amufement on fliore, and of acquiring tomc knowledge of the country. A party for bear-hunting was therelbre propofed by Captain Gore; and on l"ri- day, the 17th, wc fet out on this expedition ; which was dcfi-rred to that day, in order to j;ive a little reft to the tlofpodin Ivalkin, a new acquaintance, who had arrived here on Wednefday, and intended to be one of our party. Major Behm had delired this gentleman, who rclided ufually at Verchnci, to attend us on our re- turn to the harbour, and alTill us as an interpreter ; and, from what we had heard of him before his arrival, our curiufity to fee him was much excited. He is allied to a conlidcrabie family in Kuflia, and his father was a gene- ral in the fcrvice of thcEinprefs. He received his educa- tion partly in Fruncci he had been a page to the Empreft Elizabeth, and bore an Enfign't commifTioh in her guards. At 16 years of age he was knowted, had \\\i nofe nit, and was banilhea to Siberia. He was after- wards tranf|)ortcd to Kamtfchatka, and had refidcd there 31 years. Mis perfon was tall and thin, and hia vifage furrowed with deep wrinkles. Old age was ftroiigiy depidfed in his whole figure, though only 53 years of his exigence had fcarcely elapfed. Great icas our difa|>pointment when we difcovered, that he had lb totally forgotten the French and German languages, as not to be able to fpeak a fingle fentence, nor to compre- hend readily any thing that was faid to him in either of thofe languages. Thus were wc deprived unfortunately, of what we expeded would have furnifhed a favourable opportunity of acquiring further information refpeifting this country. The caufe of his banifhment remained a fecret to every one in this country, but it was gene- rally fuppofed, he had been gu.lty of fome atrocious offence; efpecially as feverai of tin Commanders of Kamtfchatka have exerted the-, :niii. i. to get him re- called, in the reign of the prcfV-nc Emprefs ; but, fo far from I'ucceeding in their applications, they were not able to change the place of his baniflimcnt. He a(rured us that, for 20 years, he had not tailed a morfei of bread, uor had been allowed any kind of fubfiftence; but h.id liveci, all that time, with the Kamtfchadalcs, on what he had prcxrurcd from the chacc by hi« own acti- vity and toil. Afterwards a fmall penfion was allowed him, and his fituation has been rendered much lefs in- tolerable, (incc Major Behm was appointed to the cotn- inand. Being noticed by fo refpedfable a charader, who often invited him to become hisgueft, others were in- du< cd to follow his example. The Major had alfo oc- calioncd his pcniion to be augmented to 100 roubles :' year, which is an l-.nfign's pay in every other par Emprefi's dominions, but in this province, ail t cen have double pay. Major Behm infrrmc' 63a Capt. COOK'i VOYAGES COMPLETE. <*- i ■ : ' i I' i i 1 1^^ li^ > he had obuincd pcrmiflion for him to go to Ukutfk, where he wai to relide in future t but that, at prcfcnt, he Ihould leave him behind, ai he might probably be Hret'ul to ut a« an interpreter, on our return to the iky. We now fei out on our huniin^^ P**^yi dirc«^ting our courre to the northward, toward a pool of water, that liei near the mouth of the river Paratuimca, ami which was a known haunt of the bean. We had fcarce landed, when unfortunately the wind changed to the eailward, and deftmyed all hopes of coming up with our game 1 Ibr the kamtfchadales atfured us, inat it was in vain to expc'l to meet with bears, when to the wiiuiward of them I owing to their being (wflrefTcd of an uncommon acutcncfs in fccnting their purfucrs, which eiubled them, under fuch circumflances, to avoid the danger, though at a very great diftance from them. We re> turned therefore to the boat, and uatfcd the night on the beach, having brought a tent with us fur that purpofe. The ncit morning, bring the 1 8th, we croiFcd the bay, and purfucd our courfe on foot along a plain, abounding with berries, on which the bears Iced 1 but though fcve> ral of thefe animals were fccn at a dil^ancc, we could Jiever contrive, the weather bemg Ihowcry and unfa> vourable, to get within fltot of them. Thus difappoincc«i again, we changed our divcrfiun to that of fpcaring fal- BMNi, which wc faw puftiing in great numl>cn through the furf into a fmall river. Fortunately the water af> ibrdcd us a little proviliom for ill fuccefs had not only attended us in the chacc by land, but we had failed in our expectations of (hooting wild fowl, after having al- inod depended folcly upon a fupply of them for our fub. liftencc) and on its failure, wc began to think it time to return to head quarters. Thcfc fentiments entirely cor. refpondcd with thofc ofthe Mufpodin, whom former fe. verities had rendered unable to endure fatigue. On Sunday, the 19th, at night, we reached the (nips, after haying been full 1 1 hours upon our legs. Poor Ivalkin fcemcd perfectly overcome with fatigue, and was prou bably the more fvniibly atfcdled by it, for want of a (up- ply of fnutTi for, almod at every ftep, his hand funk mechanically into his pocket, and rofe indantly again with his huge empty box. When arrived at the tent, the llofpodin's box was immediately replenilhed, and, regaling upon a good fupper, we forgot the fatigues and dilappointments of our Iruiilcfs excurtion. On Monday, the 20th, we received the difagreeable intelligence, that our much ci\ccined friend, the ferjeant, had fullered corporal |)uniihmcnt, which had been in- flided on him liy command of the old Put-paroucbick. None of us could learn the caulc of his difpleafuret but it was fuppofed to havearifcn from fome little jealoufy, which had been excited by our civility to the former. Wc were unwilling to remonltratc on this fubjedt, till CiptainShmalefrfliould arrive: however, when we were next vifited by the Put-parouchick. the coolnefs with which we received him, muft have teflitied fuller our chagrin. The 33d, being the anniverfarv of the King's Coronation, we fired 21 guns) and, in honour of our Royal Ma(tcr, prepared as elegant a fcaft as our fitua> tion would allow of. The arrival of Captain ShmalefT was announced the very moment we were fitting down to dinner. Wc were equally pleafcd and furprized at this unexpetfted vilit : firit, becaufc the Capuin came fo opportunely to ukc a (hare in the feftivity of the day; and alfo, becaufe we were lately informed, that the ef- tectsofa late illncfs had rendered him une(]ual to the journe)'. We had the fatisfa£lion to hear this had hern merely an excufei and that, knowing wc were diftrcfled for tea and fugar, &c. he was hurt at the idea of conu ing empty handed, and therefore had deferred his fct> Tiiig out, waiting impatiently for the arrival of a (loop troin Okotfk ; hut hearing no intelligence of her, and feariiiK we Ihould (ail before he had vifited us, he was rc> Iblvcd to profecute the journey, though he had nothing to prcfent to us but apologies fiir the poverty of Bol- chcrctlk. At the fame time he informed us, that the rcafon of our not having received the black cattle, was, that the heavy rains at Verchnei, had prevented their frtting out. So much gcnerofity and politcnefs dc- uiandeJ the bc(i anfwcr wc were cipable of making ; and on coming on board the next day, wc falutcd him with 1 1 guns. Friday, the 24th, he was entertained on board the Difcoveryi and the day following, being the ]jih, he returned to Holchercifk. No inlreatiea could prevail on him to extend his viflt, having, u he alfureil us, fome eipeiitations that the fub-goveranr. general would arrive in the (loop expe^rd from Okotft, he being on a tour through all the provinces ofthe goc vernor^jeneral of lakuttk. Without any application from us, he rcinilated the ferieant in his command, before hia departure, having rcfolvcd to take the Put-parouchitk with him. We alfo underftood, that he was much of. fended with him for puniihing the ferjeant, as there did npt appear to be the llightcll grounds for inHiding fuch chaflilcment. F.ncouragcd by the Captain's great rea- dinefs to oblige us, wc ventured to rrotieO a fmall (rvour for another inhabitant of Kamtfchaiaa. It was to re- quite an honed eld fuidier, who kept a kind of ordinary tor the inferior ofhccrs, and who had done a thoufnnd good o(Iices both for them and the m hole rrrw. The Captain obligingly complied with our wilhrs, and dub. iKd him indantly a corporal, telling him, at the fame time, to thank the Knglilh olTicers for his very great promotion. It may not here be unnecetl'nry to remnrlr, that the lower clufs ofofhcrrs in the RulTian army, have a greater pre-eminence above the private men, than thole in the Hritilh fcrvice can polhbly conceive. It wai, indeed, a matter of ailoniOimrnt to us, to fee a fer. jeant afTuine all the (late, and exadt as much homage (rom thofe beneath him, as though he had been a Held, ollicer. Belides there are fcvcral gradations of rank among them, of which other countries are wholly igno- rant s there being no lefs than lour intermediate fteps between a ferjeant and a private fotdier. But the dif- ciplinc of the Kullian army, though focxtreincly remote from the feat uf government, is remarkable for its (Iritlt. iicfs and feverity ; not exempting even the comipif' lioncd officers. Imprifonment, and bread and water diet, is the punifhincnt of the latter for inconliderable offences. A good friend of ours, an i'.nlign in this place, informed us, that the punilbment he received for hav- ing been coiKcrned in a drunken frolic, was three montha imprifonment in the black hnlc^ with a daily allowance only of bread and water for his (ubflftence > which fo af- fected his whole nervous fyftcm, that he has never fince enjoyed a fu(Hcient flow of fpirits to qualify him for a convivial meeting. Capuin King attended Captain Shmaletf as far as the entrance of^Awatfka river, and, having taken leave of him, embraced that opportunity of viliting theprieft of Paratounca. On Sunday, the 26th, Captain King attended him to his church, where his whole congregation conlided of his own familv, three men, and the fame number of boys, who aiTiltcd in the iinging; and the whole ofthe fcrvice was performed with great folcmnity, and devo- tion. Though the church is of wood, it is much fupe- rior to any other edifice, cither in this town, or that of .St. Peter and St. Paul. Among fcvcral paintings with which it is ornamented, arc two pidlures of St. Peter and St. Paul, the Apoftles, prefented by the navigator. Beering, and which may vie with the fir(t I'.urojxan performances, in the intrinfic richnefs of their clrajn-- rics, theprincioal parts thereof being compofcd of thick plates of real (olid filver, fo falhioncd as to imitate the foldings of the robes which decorate the figures, and fixed upon the canvafs. Monday, the ;i7th, was fjicDt by another iiarty in the diverfion of bear-hunting; w hen Captain King (ubmitted hiinfclf to the dircdions ol the Eanfli-clerk, who had acquired great reputation as a car hunter. About fun-fet they arrived at one ofthe larger lakes, where it was deemed nccelTary to conceal themfelvcs ; and this was effected eafily among fonic long graft, and brufh-wooti, of which wc faw groat plenty near the water's edge. We had not been long un- der our covert, before our ears were agrrc-iMy falutcd with the growling of bears, in almpft every quarter round about us t and we foon had the plealgre of be holding oncof them in the water,' fwiniming in a dircc't courfe to where we lay cpnccalcd. At this time the mocn (hone, fo as to afford stconfiderable light ; and at the K»% to rc> ^ordinary I thournnd fw. The and (lub> the (iitne ihc bctr advanced towaid ui, three of ui fired u it, •!- moft at the fame inftant. Ihimcdiately the animal turned ftiort upon one fldc, and fet up a inoft horrible noifc, which wu neither yelling, growling, nor roaring, but a very extraordinary mixture of the whole three. We could eaflly perceive, that the bead was wounded fe- vereiy, and that it reached the bank with difficulty r whence it retreated tofoine thick hufhes not far diftant, it ill continuing to make a hideous noife. The Kamt- (chadalei fupiwfrd it to he mortally wounded i but judged it an til of imprudence to attempt to roufe It aoam immediately. It wai then nine o'clock i and as ine night became overcaft, and a change of weathtr wai to be apprehended, we thought it ndvlfeabic to re> turn home, and wait till morning f^r the gratification of our curiofiiy, when we accordingly repaired to the f|iot, and found the bear dead from tne woundi it had received. It wai a h-male, and larger than the ordi- nary fizc. 'Iliii account of our hunting party may convey a wrong idea of the method |Hirfued ufiially in this f|iorti to prevent which, it may not be amifi to fubjoin a few word» to thif fubjeifK The natives gener.illy contrive 10 reach the ground aboutfun-fet, where the bcarsufiially frequent. They Rrft look out for their tracks, and at- tend particularly to the freflieft of themj always pay- ing a regard to the fltuation with irefpcft to conceal- ment! and taking aim at the animal .is it pafles by, or advances, or goes from them. Thefc tracks are nu- merous between the woods and the takes, and are often found among the long fedgy grafs and brakes on^ the margin of the wafer. Having determined upon a con- venient f|)Ot for concealment, the hunters fix their crutches m the givund, on w hich they rcA their fire- locks, pointing tnem in ;i proper diredlion. They af- terwards kneel or lie down, as the circumftances of their lituation mav require) and, having their bear- IpcarH in readincfs by their fide, wait the arrival of their game. Thefc precautions arc extremely neceflary, that the hunters may make fure of their mark : for the price of ammunition is fo high at Kamtfchatka, that the price of a bear will not purchafc more of it than will load a niufquet four or five times. It is much more m.itcrial on another confideration ; for, if the firfi ihot fliould not render the bear incapable nf purfuit, fatal confequcnces too frequently enfuc. The enragcmtlut the lofs of a fingle life will fatisfy the bculVs revenge. This bufinefs, or divcrfion, is parti- cularly dangerous at two fcafons of the year: in the fpring, when they firft ilUic from their caves, after hav- ing fubfified the whole winter (as it is here pofitively alU-rted) folcly on fucking their paws; and efpccially if the fmft Ih uid continue to be icverc, and the ice in the takes is not broken up; as they cannot then have rccourfe to their cuftomary and cxpeded food. Thus becoming exceedingly famiihed, they gmw fierce and favagc in proportion; purfuing the inhabitants by the fcent { and prowling about at a dillancc from their ufiial tracks,' dart upon them unawares. Under fuch cir- cumllancei, as the natives have no idea of fiiooting flying, or running, or in any manner without refiing ttieir piece, they dften fiitl a racrificc totheir Ttvage ra- pjtcity. The time of their copulation, is the otiier dangcraus rcafon to imct with them, and that is ufuatty about September. Manjr inftances of natural aflTec- tion in tnele animals iuc frequently related by the Kamifchadalei, who hence derive confiderabic advan-. tages in hunting. They never prcfume to fire at a. No. 77. young bear if the dam is upon the fpot; for, if the cub (houM happen to be kilted, (he hecomei enraj^rd to an immoderate degree ; ami, if (he can only obtain a fight of the olfendrr, (he is fure to \ie revengrti of him, or die in the attempt. ()n the other hand, if ihe mother (hould be (hot, tne cubs continue by the fide of her after (he has been a long time deail 1 exhibiting, by al!°cdting geftures and motions, the moO poignant alHiftion. The hunters, in(tcad of commilerating their dillrelTes, embrace thefe t>pportunities of dellroying them. It the veracity of the Kamtfchadaks may be depended on, the fagndtvof the bears is as extraordinary as their na- tural aft'cAion. Innumerable are the ftories which they relate to this efloft. They likewife acknowledge infi. nitc obligations to the bears, for all the little progrefs they have hitherto made in feverat arts. They confcfs themfelves indebted wholly tothofe animals for all their knowledge in phyfic and furgcry ; that, by obferving what herbs they have applied to the wounds they have received, and what methwls th'-y Hve purfued when they were languid, and out of order, they nave acquired a knowledge of moft ot thofc limplis 'Which they have now recourfe to, either as external or internal auplica- tions. But the moft lingular 1 ircmnftance o(^ all is, that they idmirthe beats to be their dancmgmaftersi though the evidence of our own fenfes places this mat- ter beyond difpute I for in the bear-dance of theKamt- fchadates, every geOiire and attitude peculiar to that animal, is faithfully exhibited. All theirothcr dances are fimilar to this in many particul^irs; and thofe atti- tudes are tho»ight to come neareft to perfection, which moft refemble the motions of the beur. On Tuefday, the 28th, Captain King returned from his excuriion to the flups, not a little pleafed, ai it had aftorded him an opjwrtunity of feeing a part of the country, and of oWer ing the manners and behaviour of the people, when under no rcftraint, evidently not the cafe when they were in company with the Ruliians. On the ;joih, our Commodore went to Paratounca; but, before his departure, ordered Captain King to get the fiiips out of tne harbour, that they might be in readi- ne(s to fail. On Friday, the 1 ft of Oiflobcr, we had a violent gale of wind, which continued the whole day; but, on the 2nd, both ftiips warped out of the harbour, and an- chored in 7 fathoms water, about a quarter of a mile from the oftrog. l-ortunately for us, the day Ixfore wc quitted the harbour, the cattle from Verchnci arrived; and that the men might have the full enjoyment of this feafonabic fupnly, by eating it whilft it was fre(h, the Commodore determined to ftay in our prefent ftation five or fix days loiiger. This time, however, was far from being mifapptied; for the pumps, fails, and rig- ging of each (hip, received an additional repair. Cap- tain King having obtained permilTionto ufe the copper belonging to the Refolution, and being fupplied with motalles Irom Captain Gore, he was enabled to brew a fufiicient quantity of beer to laft the crew a fortnight, and to make ten additional puncheons of ftrong fpruce cflTence. This fupply was the more acceptable, as our laft calk of fpirits was now ferving our, except a fmall quantity rcfervcd for cafes of emergency, 1 he 3d be- ing the name-day of the Kmprefs of xulTia, wc were cordially difpofed to (hew it every polTiblc rcfpeft. The paUor of Paratounca, lva(kin, and the Serjeant, were invited to dine with us; and an entertainment was prepared for the two Toions of Paratounca, and St. Peter and St. Paul; as well as for the inferior offi- cers of the garrifon, and the molt refpcdtable of the inhabitants. All the other natives were invited to par- take in common with the (hips companies; a pound of excellent beef being fcrved out to cvriy man, and the remainder of our fpirits was made into grog, and diftributcd among them. Twenty-one guns were fired upon the occalion ; and confidering wc were in a very remote part of the Emprefs's dominions, the whole feftival was condu(fled in a manner not unworthy fo il- luftrious a character. On Tuefday, the 5th, we received a fre(h fupply of tea, fugar, and tobacco, from RoU chcrctfk. Captain Shmaieflf having met this prcfcnt 7 X on <'i4 Capt. C O U K'l V O Y A O t S i; i) M i' I, I. 1 I ' I ' |. ♦• « ,1 •< M I i; i ! I, on hii return, h«: (ranftnittcd a letter with it, inlbrmint( ui, flat the llon|) Croin Okntlk had arrivcil in hi* tb- fcncr, ami that Madinie ShnMltH' had inftantly dif- patchcd a courier with thrfc lew artirlci, requcftin^ our acccptame nf ihcni. On the mo following day* wc were prevented frniii unmooring hy n»Um of foul wca- theri hut on Friday the 8th, all the Ixuta were hoiftcd in, and we failed towardi the mouth of the bay i when the wind, veering to the S. obliged ui to drop anchor, the OlUog bearing N. diflant half a league. On the 9th, at four o'clock. I*. M. wc again unmoored 1 but ai we were railing our lail anchor, wc were informed that the drummer of the marines had rtcd from the boat of the Difcovery, whiih hail j nil left the village, and that he had lately been fcen with a Kamtfchadale woman, to whom he wai known to Ik much attached, and who had importuned hiin frequently to Day behind. This man wa> entirely ufelcfi in the fervice, being lamed by a Iwelling in hit kncet and on that very account Cap- tain King wni the more unwilling to leave him behind, lell he Ihould become a mifer.inlc burthen to himfelf and the KulTiani. He therefore applied to the Serjeant to fend |)arties of his men after him 1 and, in the mean time, fome failoni vifitetl a well known haunt of hii in the neighbourhood, where the drumipcr and hit wo. man were found together. On hii return the Difcovery weighed .in< hor, anJ I lowed the Kcfolutioii. Having now taken «iir final departure from St. Peter and St. Paul, an account of Awatlka Bay, ami the ad- joinjg coal), may not be unacceptable to our friendly reatlert; efjiecially »» it is, jierhaps, the fafeft and moll extenlivc bay that has ever been difcoveredi and the only one, in this part uf the world, that can admit vcf- fels of a tonfidcrtbie burthen. The entrance thereto is inthelat. 52 deg. 51 min. N. long. 15K drg. 48min. E. It lies in the bight uf another exterior bay, formed by CapeOavarcci to the S. and Chcepoonlkoi Nofi to the N. The latter of thefe he.id.lamU bears from the faimerN. li.by N. and ia ]i leagues diflant. Iiom the Cape Gavareea to the entrance of Awatlka Bay, the coal\ takes a northerly dircdion, an^l extends alxiut 11 leagues. It conltfls of ragged dills and rocks, and, in many parts, prefents an appcaram e of bays and inlets; but, on a i-.earer approach, low grounds was fcen to coiincci rhc head-lands. From the entrance of Awattka Bay, Chcepoonlkoi Nofs, bears I'.. N. F- dillant 17 lea(;ucs. The llinre on this fide la Il:it and low, with hills behind, rifing gradually to a conliderablc height. TSclat!tuU: of Capcliavarcea is ji deg. 21 min. 'Ibis rcinarkabic diUcrcnccof the land on the (ides of Awat- flu Bay, tOi;cthcr with their dillercnt bearings, arc very projier ^iiules to llcer for it, in coining from the Ibuth- wardt and when it is npproached from the northward, Checpoonfkoi Nof> K-comcs scry confpicuoiisj it being a high prnjcifling head-land, and is united to the con- tinent, by a lai.it extent of level ground, lower than the Noi'3. Wc arc rather particular in dcfcribing this coall; for if wc had pollclled a good account of its form on both Odes ol .\\vatl\a Bay, wc lliotild, when wc fiift vifitcd If, have arrived two days fooner than wc did, and confciiutnilv have avoided part of the tcmpcf- tuDU.. weather, which wc ex|)cricnccd in plying off the imuth of the hi.' bivn . Uclidrs, as the fogs arc fo prc- ^ alcnt in thcic fcas, it oircn Ijappens, that an obfcrva- t:on foralccrtaining the lamsidc cannot be taken. It fliould .iH'o be conlidcrcd, that land makes a very decep- tive appearance when covered with fnow, or when viewed through a ha/.y .uinofphrrCi both which cir- (.uniftancesrtndcr.it necclTary for every navigator to Itc act]uaintcd with as many JiTcriminating objcdis as polTiblc. Should the weather be fuflicicntly clear to are inland, is fiat at top, and not ijuite fo high. There are three very confpicuous moun- tains to the N. of the bay : that farthcft to the W, ap- pears to be the highcft ; the next, a volcano-mountain, may readily be known by the fmukc ilTuing from the top. 1 he third i« the mult northerly, ami might, with Ibtne propriety, be called a rluUer of mouniaina, ai it prefcnti Icvcral Hat torn to our view. When we got within the capei, ami into the outward bay, a light, houfc on a perpcmlicular hcid-land, pointed out the entrance into the harlwurto the N. Many funkcn rocks lie to the eaUward of this h«ad-land, firctching two or three miles into the fca, and when this or a fwcR •re moderate, they will always Ihew themfelves. To th- . . of the entrance, about 4 miles dillant from it, *ic« a fuuill niund illand, compofed chiefly of high (riinted rm ki, one of which i larger, and more jicr- pendicular than the reft. The cntramc into the bay ii, at lirft, about three miles wide 1 one mile and a half in thenarroweft parti and it in four miles long, in a H. N. W. direelion. Within the mouth is a noble bafon, ao miles in circumference, m w hich are the harbours of Kakowcena to the Fl Tan inlka to the W. and St. Peter and St. Paul to the N. The brcadthof Tare inlka har- bour is three miles, and the length twelve. A narrow nerk of land feiiaratcs it from the fca at the b«>ttom. and u ftrctchrs to the IL S. F;. The entrance of the harK'iir of Kakowena is impeded by a ftioal in the middle of the channel, which, in general, makes it ne- ccHary to warp in, unlcfs there Ihould happen to be a leading wind. Were it not for this circuiiiltance, this harlxHjr woiikl be preferable to the other two. It is one mile and a half broad, and three miles lung, running in a S. h'.. and callerly direction. But, one of the moll convenient little harbours wo have fcen, is that of St. Peter and St. I^aiil. Six Ihip* may be coinniodiouny moored in it, head and ftem, and it is, in cvciv refpcCt, convenient for giving them any kind of icp.iirs. The S. fide of this harbour is formed by a low, narrow, fandv neck, whereon the Oftrog ia built. The mid-channel is only 270 feet acrofs, in wiiich there was fix fathoms and a half water. The deepelV within is 7 fathoms, over a muddy bottom. We found, however, fome inconvenience from tho toughneft of the ground, which often broke the mef- fenger, and occafioncd foinc trouble in getting the an- . chors up. At the head of this harbour is the watering place. Off the eaftcrn harlwur is a thoal. and within the entrance a fpit, ftretching from the S. W. ftiorc, having only three fathoms water over it. I'o ftcer clear of the latter, a finall ifland, or rather a large dc« tachcd rock, on the W. fhorc of the entrance, muft be fhut in w ith the land to the S. of it. In order to fleer clear of the former, the three needle rocks, near the light-houfc-hcad, on the Ii, fliorr of the entrance, muft be kept ofx:n with the hcad-la.nds to the northward of the lirll liiwll bending on the E. fide of the entrance. Asvoii come into the harlwur nf .St. Peter and St. Paul, and approach the village, it is very ncccflary to keep near the eaftcrn ftiorc, to avoid a fpit which ftretches from the head-land, to thcS. W. of the Oftrog. Let it lie noticed, that the obfcrvatorics were pl.iced on the W. fide of the village of .St. Peter and St. Paul t and from the fun's meridian altitudes, and of five llari to the N. of the zenith we found the latitude to be 51 deg.jS fee. N.and its longitude from 146 feti of lunar obfervations, 10 Ik i $ H dcg. 4J min. 1 6 fee. E. At full and change of the moon it was high water, at ;)6 min. after fuuri and five feet eight incncs, was the grcatelt rife. The tides were regular every twelve hours. It may be proper to oblcrvc further, in this place, that the time-keepci onboard our ftiip, which was copied exaiftly from Mr. Harrifon's, by Mr. Kendal, flopped on the 27th of April, a few days before our firft arrival in Awatfka Bay. During the voyage, it had always been carefully attended to, not having been trufted, even for a moment, in any other hands than thofc of Captain Cook and Capuin King. No accident, there* fore, could poftibly have happened, to which its ftop« ping could be attributed j nor could it proceed from intcnfc cold, the thermometer being but very little be- low tlie freezing point. When the failure of the piece was fiift diurovercd, the Commodore and Captain King confulted about the meafures to be purfucd 1 whether they ihould fufTcr it to remain in a ufclefs ftaie, or fub* mit i " Ml, .....rir: f. ■i ■ ,' Ill li ' 1 1 !, . \ 1 1:: -,. 1 .1 N^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ^WlA 125 "^BA 122 £ Uo |2.0 1 — 1 1-4 1 1.6 M 6" ► "^ <^ ^> .V y^ (3 / Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)S72-4S03 4 •<^ o '^^ v^. ^.>. >. \ M ' •« •f H i i 1 ' 1 1 ; It l' 1 i i 1 I [ ■ 1 i; h 4i : 'M •' ;fc ?l ••f ',■ ^yiii*'' . ;iM ■ i ^rL_,m,> ''T^ rv; ,.. .J !i .1-1 '*>;■ ,^*«^ ■mm;: \y ' 'Xfy. I'.JJ ' v».-t»«**- :^»irt . ■ • i' .- r. ;^'^#*^ .,,ji^>*-> 1 "»'•-- '^^ '-::• ,»ii;.i:.- . fl : (•■■'■ I li: i ir } n 'i Si PI i .',> ■' F< ' .. < V»> ^ .^: iS^C "'■ ^^m-^-'-iL' •^Hil^-: \,'^^M ^-If* -."-.^.^M**; ^ ■ ■ * ■ f€ ' - ^ « ■•*■ •♦■■ eJr^r; ' * ■ h^: COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 635 uisurik-bs I ®*' '* \nt m I WJT niirit to the infpeaion of a feamati on board, who had been regularly bred a watch-inakcr in Ifndon, and who had given many fatiifaftory proofs of his IkiH in that profefllon, in repairing feveral watches upon the . voyage. Having experienced the accuracy of this time- piece, we were extnimely unwilling to be deprived of Its advanuges. Befides, it ihould be confidered, that the watch had alteady been fufficiently tried to afcertain its utility, as well in the former v«yage, as during the three years of our having it on board : therefore, on the firft clear day after we arrived in Awatlka Bay, the time- piece was opened, in the prefence of the two Captains, Clerke and King. No part of the watch appeared to be broken ; but as the watch-maker was not able to make it go, he took off the cock and balance, and cleaned the pivot-holes : thefe were extremely foul 5 and other parts of the work were in the fame condition. Upon taking off the dial-plate, a piece of dirt was found be- tween two teeth of the wheel, that carries the fecond hand, to which caufe its flopping was principally at- tributed. After putting the work together, and oiling it very fparingiy, the watch feemed to go with freedom and legularity. Captain King having received orders to go the next day to Bolcheretlk, the timekeeper was left with Mr. Baily, in order to get its rate, by compar- ing it with his watch and clock ; who informed him on his return, that it had gone verv regularly for fome days, not lofing more than 17 feconds a day ; and afterwards flopped again. This we fuppofed to be occafioncd by its having been badly put together. It was therefore now a fecond time opened; and when again adjufted, it gained about a minute a day ; when, the watch-maker in attempting to alter the regulator, broke the balance- fpring. He made a new/pring, but the watch went fo irregularly afterwards, that we were obliged to lay it afide as quite ufelefs. The honeft mechanic was as much vexed as we were at our ill fucccfs ; not fo much owing, as we were convinced, to his want of (kill, as to the improper tools he had to work with, and the callouf- neft hw hands had contraded from his employment as a mariner. We (hall now proceed, as propofed in the contents of this chapter, to give a corredt and perfc.e continent on the N. lies be- tween the gulphs of Olutorlk and Penfliinfk. Its ex- liemity to thf S. is Cape Lapatka. The whole penin- fubi is fomewhat in the form of a Ihoe; and its greateft breadth is 236 computed miles, being from the mouth of the Tigil, to that of the river Kamtfchatka ; and to- wai^s each extremity, it gradually becomes narrower. On the N. it is bounded by the country of theKoriacks ; by the N. Pacific Ocean to the,S.and E. and by the feaof Okotik to the W. A chain of high mountains extends the whole length of the peninfula, from N. toS. and al- moft equally divide it 1 whence feveral rivers uke their rife, and make their courfe into the Pacific Ocean, and the fea of Okotflt. The three principal of thefe are, the Bolchoireka. or great rivers the Kamtfchatka; and the river Awatlka. To the N . W. of the mouth of the Kamtfchatka, lies the great lake Nerpitfch j from Nerpi, a feal ; that lake abounding with thofe animals. A fort, called Nifhnei-Kamtfchatka Oftr(^, is fituated about 30 miles up the river, where an hofpital and barracks have been built by the Ruifians; and this place, we un- derftood,' is now become the principal mart in the country. Were we to judge of this country from what we faw ef its foil and vegetable produdUons, it appears to be barren in the extreme. Neither about the bay, nor in our journey to Bolcheretlk, nor in any of our hunting excurfions, did we ever perceive the fmalleft fpot of ground, that had the appearance of a good green turf, or that feemed capable of improvement by cultivation. Indeed, the whole furikce of the country, in a moft ftriking degree, refembles that of Newfoundland. At Paratounca, however, we &w Ibme fiacks of moll excel- lent hay ; and Major Be hm afllircd us, that the banM of the Kamtfchatka, and the Bifiraia, as well as many pthir parts of the peninfula, produce a quantity of g^afs, of great ftrength and height, which is mowed twice in every fummer, and that the hay is particularly adat>lcd to the fattening of cattle, being of a very fucculent qua- lity. This agrees with Krafcheninicoff's account, who relates, that the country which borders on tht river Kamtfchatka, is much fuperior, in jioint of lertility, to that of either the N. or S. The feverity of the climate^ it may naturally be fuppofed^ muft be in proportion to the ftcrility of the foil, of which it is perhaps the caijfc. We firft faw this country in the beginning of May, 1779, when it was covered with fnow, from fix toeigftt feet in depth. On the 24th of Auguft, when we re- turned, the foliage of the trees, and vegetation In gene- ral, appeared to be in the height of perfeiflion. ■ The weather, during the remainder of that month, and the whole of September, was not fcvere; but when Oflobfer began, the new fallen fnow again covered the tops of the hills. In computing the feafons here. Spring fhould certainly be omitted. Summer may be faid to extend from the middle of June, till the middle of September. Odober m»y be confidered as Autumn; from whifcli period to the middle of June, it is all dreary winter. The climate in the country adjacent to the river Kamtf- chatka, is faid to be as ferenc and temperate, as in inariy parts of Siberia under the fame-latitude. The inhabi- tants, however, are fometimes prevented, by the uncer- tainty of the fummer feafon, from providing a fiifficient ftock of dried filh, for their food in winter; and the moifture of the air occafions worms to breed in them, which frequently deftroy or fpoil the greateft part. The feverity of the winter, and the dreadful hurricanes of wind and fnow which attend it, oblige the natives to re- tire to their fubterraneous habitations, both fortheii-fe- curity and warmth. We had neither thunder rtor light- ning during our ftay at Kamtfchatka, excepting oh the night of the eruption of the volcano. In this peninfiila volcanoes arc numerous ; but only three have liitely been fubjeA to eruptions. That in the neighbourhood 6f Awatlka we have already mentioned. The volcano of Tolbatchick is fituated between the river Kamtfchatka and Tolbatchick, on a neck of land. The eruptions pro- ceed from the fummit of a high mountain, which ter- minates in pointed rocks. On the top of the mouhtain of Kamtfchatka, fuppofed to be by far the higheft in the peninfula, is the third volcano. Springs of hot water are faid to abound in this country. The principal trees which fell under our notice, vrete the bircn, the poplar, and the alder; feveral fmall (becies of the willow, and two forts of dwarfifh cedars. One of thefe forts grows upon the coaft, feldom exceeding tvlo' feet in height, and creeping on the ground. Of this our effence for beer was made, and proved to be very proper for the purpofe : the other, which grows much higher, is founa on the mountains, and bears a kind Of nut or apple. Of the birch which appears to be the moft common, we remarked three forts. Two of them weife large and fit for timber ; differing from each other only in the colour and texture of the bark. The third is of a dwarfifli kind. The natives apply this tree to a va- riety of ufes. When tapped, it yields a liquor in great abundance, which they drink without mixture, or any kind of preparation, as we obfervcd frequently in our journey to Bolcheretfk. We drank fomeof itourfelves, and found it pleafant and refreftiing, though fomewhat purgative. The bark they convert into veffels for do* meftic purpofes ; and from the wood of this tjtte, are made their fledges and canoes. Not only the birch, but every other kind of tree, in the neighbourhood of ths bay, were ftunted, and very fmall : the natives therefore are obliged to go a confiderable diftance up the coun- try, to get wood of a proper fiite for their canoes, their balagans ^or fummer-houies) and many other purpofes. This peninfula likewife produces great abundance of the (hrub kind, as mountain afh, junipers, ralberry bulhes, and wild rofes. Alfo a variety of berries, as partridge-berries, blue-berries^ black-berries, cran-ber- ries, and crou -berries. Thefe are pKferved by maftiing them i 63« Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. I' •'I; 1 ' 1 Jl f fl !i i 1'' i ihtm into » thick jam i and they conftitute a confidcr- able part of their winter provifions, Terving as a gene- ral Tauce to their dried Mu They alfo eat them in pud- dingt, and make dccodliont of them for their common beverage. We found here large quantities of whole- lome vegetables in a wild ftatc, fuch as chervil, garlic, oniona, angelica, and wild celery. We alfo met with fome excellent turnips, and turnip-radiihes, upon a few fuob of ground in the vallies. This was the utmoft of their garden cultivation : yet, this account of vegeta. bles only relates to fuch parts of the country as fell within our obfervation : near the river Kamtfchatka, where, as we have already obferved, both the foil and climate arc the bell in the peninfula, garden culture is attended to, and perhaps with fucccfs ; for, with the ("c- cond drove of cattle which we received from Vcrchnci, we alfo received a prcfent of cucumbers, celery, fome large turrtips, and other garden vegetables. Two plants arc produced in this peninfula, which muft not pafs un- noticed. The firft is called by the natives Samna, which grows wild and in great quantities. About the begin- ning of Augufl, many women are employed in colle<^t- ing the roots, which, after being dried in the fun, arc prefcrved for ufe. It is a mmtim with the Kamtfcha- dales, that Providence never deferts them, for the fca- fon that is prejudicial to the farana, is always favoumhic for fifhing; and, on the contrary, an unliiccefsful hill- ing iiionth, is always amply compenfatcd by an cxube- . rant fa'^una harveft. This article is varioudy employed in cookery. When roaded in embers, it is a better fub- Ititute for bread than any thing the country produces. When baked in an oven, and pounded, it fupplies the place of flour and meal, and is mixed in all their fuups, and many other diflies. It is extremely nouriOiing, has . a pleafant bitter flavour, and may be eaten daily with- out cloying. ' We partook of thcic roots, boiled as we . do potatoes, and found them very agreeable. The name of the other plant is Sweet Grafs. When at its full growth, it is about fix feet high. This plant was for- merly a principal ingredient in cookery among the na- tives s but fince the Ruflians have been in polFeflion of the country, it has been chiefly appropriated lo the purpofc of diftillation. The liquor extradled is called raka, and has the (Irength of brandy. Seventy-two pourtds of the plant, produce generally 25 pints of raka. A vulgar well-known plant remains to be noticed, as being more cflential to their fubflfVcnce than all which have hitherto been mentioned: this is the Nettle; which, as neither heinp nor flax arc produced in this . country, fupplies materials for their fiihing-nets ; and on which their exiftence principally depends. Many parts of this peninfula would probably admii of fuch cultivation, as might contribute to the comfort and convenience of the inhabitants t yet the number of wild animals it produces, mull always be conlidered as its real riches ; and no labour can be confldered fo pro- ductive of advantage, as what is employed upon its fur- rieries. And next to thcfc, the animals that fupply them arc defcrving of attention. Thefe are the fox, the zc- biline, or fable ; the lloat, or ermine ; the ifatis, or arc- , tic fox : the earlefs marmot ; the varying hare ; the weafel; theglutton, or wolverene; the wild flieep; the .rein-deer; wolves; bears; and dogs. The nind gene- ral obj<s of the chace are foxes, with which this coun- . try abounds, and among which arc a variety of colours. The moil common fjKcies is the fame as the European, but their colours are more vivid and (bining. .Some are ofa dark chefnut ; others have dark-coloured (Iripcs ; . the bellies of Ibme are black, but the other pare of the bixly ia of a light chefnut. Some arc wholly black; others of a dark brown; others ofa (lone-colour; and lomc few are entirely white; theiaft, however, are very tcarcc. The quality of their fur is much fuperior to .that of the fame animals in Siberia or America. The ijblcs are much larger than thofe of Siberia, and their fur is thicker and brighter; but thofe in the neighbpur- luiod of the riven Olcktna and Vitimc, are of a finer black. The fables of the Tigil and Oiika, are faid to be the bed in Kamtfchatka ; a pair of thefe being fold frequently for five pound* ftcrling. The inferior forts 4UC tiBund in the fouthem parts. A rifle barrel gun, of a very rnwli bore, a net, and a few bricks, are the whole apparatus ofthe fable hunters. With the firft they fometimes (hoot them, when feen on trees: the net is ufed in furrounding hollow trees, in which they iifually take refuge when purfucd; and the bricks are put hot into the cavities, m order to drive ihcm out with the fmoke. The Ikin of the anftic fox is of little value; and, on the fame account, the varying hare is negleded. They are very numerous, and always become perfeeHy white during the winter. In the be- ginning of May, we obferved feveral of this colour, but they were fo extremely (by, as not to fufl^er us to come within giin-lhot. The earlefs marmot, or mountain rat. is a bcautifiil creature, much fmaller than a fquir- rel ; and, like that animal, feeds upon roots and berries. Its (kin is of high eliimation, being warm, light, and of a bright fliining colour. The ermine, or float, is little regarded ; its ftir being of a very ordinary kind. The weafel is alfo negleftedon the fame account. The fltin of the wolverene, or glutton, on the contrary, is in the highefl repute; a Kamtfchadale looking upon himfelf as moll fplendidly attired, when a fmall quantity of thia fur apfxsars upon his garments. The women embellilh their hair with its white pats, which is coniidered as the moft fuperlative piece of finery. All the bears which we had an opportunity of feeinj^, were of a dun brown colour. They appear generally in a company of four or five together; and frequently in the feafon when the filh quit the fca, and pulh, in great quantities, up the rivers.- In the winter months they are feldom viiiblc. Of their (kins, warm matrrefTcs, and coverings for beds, are made ; alfo comfortable bonnets, gloves, and har- ncfs for the fledges. The Hefti, efpecially the fat, is held in great edimation. The wolves appear only in win- ter, when they arc faid to prowl about in large compa.. nics. Rein-deer, both wild and tame, are found in many parts of the peninfula, but none in the neighbourhood of Awatfka. It is remarkable that thefe animals are not ufed here, for the purpofes of carriage, as they are by their neighbours to the N. and E. Their place is iiv deed fufliciently fupplied by dogs; yet it appears fi>me- what extraordinary, that they fliould not have preferred an animal fo much more powerfiil and docile. The dogs refemble the Pomeranian breed, in mien and fi- gure; but they are lai^ger, and the hait is conliderably coarfcr. The colour moft prevalent among thcno, is that ofa light dun, or a pale dirty yellow. Thefe ani- mals are all turned loofe, about the latter end of May, and are obliged to (hift for themfe|ves till the enfuiiig winter ; but they never fail to return to their refpediwe homes, when the fnow begins to make its appearance. In the winter, their food confifls wholly ot the head, back-bones, and entrails of falmon, which are prefcrved and dried for that purpofc ; and even with- this KkxI they are very fcantily fupplied. The do^s mull certainly bc very numerous, no lefs than five being yoked togd ther for a (ingle fledge, in which only one perfun is car- ried. In our journey to Bolcherctlk, we had occafton for 1 39 at two ftages. It is obfcrvable, that bitches arc never employed in this bufinefs, nor dogs that have been caftrated. The whelps are trained to the draft, by being faftened to (lakes with leathern thongs, which are elaftic; and having their food placed beyond their reach, by continually pulling to obtain it, they acquire ftrength and abftbit of drawing; both of which arc ef- fentially necclTary for their deftined labour. Wc mud not omit, in our catalogue of animals, the wild moun- tain (beep, or ai^li, unknown in all parts of Europe, except thofe of C^rfica and Sardinia. Its fitin refem- bles that ofa deer's, but, in its gait and general appear- ance, it nearer approaches the goat. Its head is adorned with two Uige twilled boms, which, when the animal i« full grown, weigh fometimes from 25 to 30 pounds, and are refted on the creature's back when it is run- ning. Thefe animals are remarkable fwift and adlive. frequent only the moft craggy and mountainous parts, and traverfe the fteepeft rocks with an aftoni(hing agi- lity. Spoons, cups, and platters, are fabricated by the natives of their horns; and they often have one of the latter hanging to a belt i which ferves them to drink 4 out V ' COOK» THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. Hi • mt, and a ibk hunter*, vhcn ttta on ow trees, in cd t and the der to drive le ar^ic fox , the varying , and alwaya In the be- s colour, but us to come )r mountain han a fquir- and berries, light, and uP )oat, is little kind. The Theikin iry, is in the pon himfelf intity ol this en embvililh dercd as the bears which I dun brown ny of four or )n when the itics, up the dom viiiblc. figs for beds, n, and hnr- e fat, is held only in win- .irge compa.. lund in many ighbourhood iinals arc not I they are by r place is in- ppears fume- ivc preferred docile. The mien and fi. conliderably ong them, is Thefc ani> end of May, I the enfuing cir rcfpedi«e appearance, of the head, arc preferved ith this fiHxl fiulf certainly yoked togc- xrfon is car- had occalton t bitches arc gs that have to the draft, longs, which beyond their they acquire vhich are ef- . We muft wild moun- 8 of Europe, ficin refem- leral appeaiv d is adorned T tbe animal 3 30 pounds, n it is run- X and active, ainous parts, inilhing agi> catcd by the c one of the em to drink out IS a Out of, whert on their hunting expeditions^ This gr^rioos creature, extremely beautiful, and its Hefh is Iweet, and delicately flavoured. Of northern fea-fowl, almolt every kind frequent the coaft and bays of Kamtfchatka, and among others the lea eagles. The inland rivers are plentifully ftored with varioui fpecies of wild ducks 1 one of which, called by the natives a-an-gitche, has a moll beautiful plunuge. Its cry is equally fingular and agreeable. Another fpecies is called the mountain ducK. The plunuge of the drake is remarkably beautiful. A va- riety of other water fowl were feen, which, from their magnitude, appeared to be of the goofe kind. We ob- ferved in palling through the wockIs, feme eagles of a prodigious fize, out of what f|Mcies we could not polTi- bly determine. It is faid, there are three diilcrent kinds. The firft is the black eagle with a whitehead, tail, and lees: the eaglets of which are perfedlly white. The fecondis improperly called the white e»^^e, though, in reality, it is of a light grey. The third is the Hone coloured eagle, whieh is a ytry common fort. There are great numbers of the hawk, fiilcon, and buftard kind in this peninfula. Woodcocks, fnipes, and groufe are alfo found here. Swans are very numerous, and ge- neraMy make a part of the trpaft at all public entertain- ments. The vaft abundance of wild fowl, in this coun> try, was fufRciently manifeft, from the many prefcnts we received, confiding frequently of twenty brace at a time. We faw no amphibious animals on the coaft, except fcali, and thefe were extremely numerous about the bay of Awatflta. The fea-otrers found here, and thofe we met with at Nootka found, are exadly the fame ; •and have already been particularly dcfcribcd. They were formerly in great abundance here ; but fince the Ruflians have opened a trade with the Chinefc for their (kins, where th»y bear a price fuperior to any other kind of fur, the hunters have been induced to be fo in- de&tigable in the purfuit of them, that very few re- main in the country. They are (till found in the Kurile Iflands, though the number is inconlidcrable. Fi(h is the main article of fubfiftence among the in- habitants of this peninfula, who cannot poiribly derive it either from agriculture or cattle. The foil, indeed, aflbrds fome wholefome roots, and cvciy part of the country produces great quanf itics of berries; but filh alone may be called their ftaff of life, with more pro- priety than bread in any other country; for neither the inhiibitants,. nor their domeftic animals of the ca- nine ^cies, could polTibly exift without it. Whales are common in this country, and when taken fcrve for a variety of ufes. After cleaning their intellines, dry- ing them, and blowing them like bladders, they ddpblit their oil and greafe therein. Excellent fnares are made of their nerves and veins; in fliort, no partof the whale is ufelefs in this peninfula. We caught abundance of fine flat fi(b, trout, and herrings. Atone haul on the 1 jth of May, we dragged out abovt 300 flat fifli, bePides a Confiderable quaritity of fea-trout." The firft herring feafon commences about the latter end of May. They vific the coaft in large flioals, but continue no confider- able time. 'Thefe filh are excellent, as are alfo large quantitiesofcxceeding fine cod; and many of our empty calks were filled with the former. But notwithftand- ing this abundance, it is on thefalmon fifhery alone that the inhabitants depend for their winter fuftenancc. Theflftiing feafon begins about the middlcof May.and continues to the end of June. The firft ftioals that enter the mouth of the Awatfka, is the largcft and moft ef- teemed. Three feet and a half is their ufual length ; and they ,are more than proportionably deep; their average weight being from 30 to 40 pounds. We had one of the firft that were taken, but not withe ut being told, that it wasthehighcft compliment the Kamtfcha- dales could poinbly confer upon us. It was formerly a cuftoni among them to eat the firft fifii thcv caught, in the midftof great rejoiei^gs, aocompanicd with many fuperftitious ceremonies. There is a fmaller fort of . fafmon, weighing from about 8 to 1 5 pounds, known by the name of the red filh. which afTemble in the bays, and at the mouthi of the riven, early in the month of No. 7t. ' iunc. From this time till towards the end of Septenrv- cr, vaft quantities of thciti are taken upon the cafteri] and weftern coafts^ where the fea receives any frelh wa- ter, and alfo up the rivers, almoft to their very fou ice. All the lakes which communicate with the fea abound with fifh, which have much the appearance of faliuon, and weigh ufiially about five or fix pounds. 'I'he na- tives, we uhdcrftand, do not think it worth their labour to catch ihcm. Thefc lakes being generally (hallow, the fifli become an eafy prey to bears and dogs, in the fummer fealbnt and from the quantities of bones ap- pearing upon the banks, vaft numbers of them fecm to have bee 1 ^ vourcd. I'hc natives dry the principal partof theirfalmon, aiidfalt but very little of it. They cut a fifli into three pieces. The belly-piece is firft ■ taken oft', and thert a flice a'ong each fide of the back, bone. The forttier, which is eftecmed the beft, it dried andfmokcd: the other flices are dried in the air, and- are either eaten whole as a fubftitute for bi-ead, or piiU verized fur pafteand cakes. The headj tHil aod bonesj a re d ried, arid preferved for their dogs. The inhabitants of Kamtfchatka may be divided into three claflTcs; the Kamtfchadales; the kuflians ai>d CoiTacks I and a mixture produced by their intermar- - riages. The Kamtfchadales are a people of retiwie antiquity, and have inhabited this peninfula for many- ages t and they doubtlefs defccnded frotn the Manga- lians; though fome have imagined they fprang from the Tongufian Tartars, and others from the Japanefe. The Kuflians, having made thcmfelves itiafters of that vaft extent of coaft of the Frozen Sea, eftabliftied pofts and colonies, and appointed commiflaries to explore and fubjed the countries ftill farther to the E. They foon diicovcrcd that the wandering Koriact inhabited, part of the coaft of the fea of Okotik, and they foumj no difficulty in making them tributary. Thefe riot be«- ing at a great diftancc from the Kamtfchadales; with; whom they had frequent inteccouife, a knowledge of- Kamtfchatka muft naturally follow; and the honour of the firft dilcovery of this peninfula is attributed to Feodot Alcxeieft", a merchant, in the year 1 648 ; but a Coflack, named Volodimer Atlaftotr is the unqucftion" able fiiil acknowledged difcoverer of Kamtfchatka.. He wasfent in 1697, in the capacity of cortimiffary from Jakutfli to the Anadirfk, with diredlions to call ii» the Koriacs to his afliftance, in order to difcover, ani} make tributary, the countries beyond theirs. With fixty RufTian foldiers, and as many Clacks, he pene-^ trated, in the year 1 699, into the heart of the peninfulay and gained the Tigil. In his progrefs he levied a tri< bute upon furs, and proceeded to the river Katnt' fchatka, on wiiich he built an oftrog« now called Verchnei ; and leaving a mrrifon of 1 6 CoflTacks, re- turned to Jakutflc, with vaft quantities of valuable tri.> butary furs, in the year 1 700. Since which time to the grand revolt of the Kamtfchadales in 1731, the hif- tory of this country prefentt an unvaried detail of re- volts, maflacres, and murders, in every part of the'pe- ninfula. Though a great many of the inhalntants were loft, in quelling the rebellion of 1731, yet the country had afterwards recovered itfeif, and was become as po-* pulous as ever in 1767; at which period the fmall pox was, for the firft time, introduced among them, by t foldier from Okotik. It broke out with hiry, and,irf its prwrefs, was as dreadful as the plague; fecmingalmoli to threaten their entire extirpation. Twenty thoufani- were fuppofcd to have died by this loathfome diforder in Kamtfchatka, the Kurile iflands, and the Koreki country. The inhabitants of whole villages were ibme- times fweptaway; of which fufficient proof remains to this day. There arc eight oftrogs about the bsy 6f Awatlka, which, we were informed, had been com-' pletely inhabited, but now they are all become defolate^ excew St. Peter and St, Paul ; and only feven Kamt- fchadales, who are tributaries, rcfide in that. At the oftrog of Paratounca only 36 natKe inhabitants remain^ incluciingmen, women, and children; though it con* tained 360 before it was vifired by the fmall pox. We paflTed no lefs than four extenfive oftrogs, in our jouf' ney to Bolcheretflc, which Yaii not a. tingle inhabitant. 7 Y in ^ 638 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. :' ' r * 5 i "i in cither of thoin. Wc were informed by Major Bchin, ihac ihofe who ac this time pay tribute, including the Kurilci, do not exceed 3,000. The amount of the military forces, in five forts, is about 400, including Kulllans and (jofliicks. Nearly the fame number are faid to lie at Ingiua ; which, though in the N. of the pcninfula, is under the command of Kamtfchatka. The Ruilian traders and emigrants are not very conli* dcrable. The government, eftablifhcd in this country by the Ruinans, confidcrcd us a military one, is remarkably mild and equitable. Ihe nutivcs are permitted to cicift their own magillratcs in their antient mode. One of thcfe. called a Toion, prcfides over each ollrog, to whom all ditt'ercnccs arc referred. In fomc diftriL'ls, the only tribute exat^lcd is a fable's fkim and in the Kurilc iflands, a fea otter's; but as the latter is conii- dcrabiy more valuable, the tribute of fcveral perfons is paid with a fingle fkin 1 a tribute fo inconlidcrable can hardly be contidered in any other light, than that of an acknowledgment of the Kullian dominion over them. Jiut the Rullians are not only tu be commended for the mildnefs of their government; they arc alfo entitled lu approbation for their fuccefsful endeavours in convert* ing the natives to Chrillianiry, there being now but very few idolaters remaining among them. If we form a judgment of the other miilionarics from the benevolent pauor of Paratouncu, more fuitabic perfons could not polTibly be engaged in this bufinefs. The exports 0? this country conlill entirely of furs; and this buiiiKfs is chieHy conduced by a company of merchants, appointed by the cmprefs. I'welve was the nutnber originally, but three have ftnce been added. Bclides a charter or grant of privileges, they are dif- tinguKlied by wearing a gold medal, expreflive of the Kmprefs's protcdion of the fur trade. There are other inferior dealers, chiefly Coflacks, indifierent parts of the Country. At what time the principal merchants re- inain here, they reiide cither at Bolcherctik, or the Nifhnci olUog; the trade centering wholly in thofe two places. This bufinefs was formerly carried on in the way of barter, but every article is at prefcnt pur- chafed with ready ntoncy, no inconfidorable quantity of ipecic being circulated in that wretched country. I'he furs produce a high price ; and the natives require few articles in roturn. Our Tailors brought a quantity of furs from the coafl of America, and were both plcafed and afionifiied on receiving fuch a quantity ot lilver ibr them from the merchants; but as they could not purchafc gin or tobacco, or any thing clfc that would afford thetn any degree of entertainment, the roubles were Toon confidered as troublelbme companions, and they frequently diverted themfelves by kicking them about the deck. Our men received thirty rouble:! of a merchant, for a fta-otter's Ikin, and in the fame propor- tion for others ; but the merchant Undcrfianding they had great quantities to difpofe of, and perceiving they were unacquainted with traffic, he afterwards prmcn- tioned, however, were made tributary. The whole fea between Kamtfchatka and America is, according to the Ruffian charts, covered with iflands ; for, as thofc who were engaged in thefc expeditions, frequently fell in with land, which they fuppofed did not tally with the fituation laid down by preceding adventurers, they im- .mediatcly fuppofed it to be a new difcovery, and re- ported it accordingly on their return; and, as thefc vef- icls were ufually out three or four yearl, and fomctimes longer, I'uch miftakes could not immediately be rec- tified. It is pretty certain, however, that only thofe iflands which nave been enumerated, have been difco- vered in that fea by the KalTiaDs, S. of 60 deg. latitude. The fea otter fl^ins, which are ceruinly the mod valu- able article in the fur trade, are principally drawn from thefe iflands; which being now under the Ruf- fian dominion, the merchants have fadors refiding in fculements there, for the fole purpofc of bartering with the natives. To extend this trade, an expedition was fitted out by the admiralty of Okotflc, to nuke difco- veries to the N. and N. E. of the above-mentioned iflands, and the command of it given to Lieutenant Synd. But, as this gentleman dirc<£led his courfc too far N. he did not fucceed in the objedt of hii vayage t for, as wc never found a fea-otter N. of Briftol bajr, they, perhaps, avoid thofe latitudes where large amphi. bious fca-animals are numerous. The Rullians have not fince undertaken any expedition for making difco- veriatothc eallward; but they will, probably, nriake an advanugcous ufc of our difcovery of Cook's river. Notwithflanding the general- intcrcourfe between the natives, the Rufllans, and CofTacks, the former are as much diftinguiflied from the latter by their habits and difpofition, as by their features and general figure. As the perfons of the natives have already been defcrib- ed.wc Ihall only add, that, in their ftature, they arc below the common height, which Major Behm attributes to their marrying fo very early j both fexes ufually engag- ing in the conjugal ftate at 13 or 14 years of age. They arc exceedingly induArious, arid may be properly contrafted with the Rullians and CofTacks, who fre- quently intermarry with them, apparently, for no other reafon, but that they may be fupported in laziaels and floth. To this inaiftivity may be attributed thofe Tcor- butic complaint, which moft of them arc dreadfully afHiclcd with; whillt the natives, who cxerciTc in thfe open air, entirely efcape them. Their habitationsconfilt of threcdiftinaTortS;jourts, balagans, and l(^-houfcs, which arc here callecl ifbas ; they inhabit the firfl in the winter, and the Tecond in thefummcT; the third arc introduced by the Ruflians. wherein only the wealthier people reftdc. The jourts are thus conftrudled. A kind of oblong fquare is dug about fix feet deep in the earth; the dimenfions mull be proportioned to the numbers who arc. to inhabit it, for it IS uTual for feveral to live twether in the faitne jourt. Strong wooden ports, or pilwrs, arc fafteaed in 2 the iblei, and ic ii by land i .<64 :in, am) aitrr icrative trade :a and Japan, ir, at the iit- it the princi. c, lies ninonp erica. Bctr- as they wcrt- an merchants ;n by that na- Muller's inai> c. They ftil ndi, in thcfe E. of Kami- mcr; and the illands. Thcfc I* far as Shu- largrll. But ar attempting at they never i before, men- rhe whole Tea :ording to the as thore who [uently fell in tally with the rers, they im- avery, and re- , as thcfc vef- id fometimes ately be rcc- at only thofe c been difco- deg. latitude, he moil valu- ripaliy drawn ndcr the Ruf- rs reliding in bartering witli (pedition was nuke difco- ve-mcntioned :o Lieutenant biis courfc too if his v«yagc t f Briftol bay, large amphi. Ruinans have naking difco- obably, make Cook's river. e between the former arc as eir habits and al figure, rbccndcfcrib- thcy are below 1 attributes to Lifually engag- years of age. ly be properly cks, who frc- /, for no other in laziaefs and cd thofe fcor- ire dreadfully ;xercife in th^ afofU; jourts, ■e called ifbas; the fccond in the Ruflians, :. The jourts ; fquarcisdug nenfions mult :. to inhabit it| T in the fairie in;, fafteaed in •'^ the #' r I •^- F ■;. . U ^ * fl' 'f .' j'l i} ^ir I ■1 •' ,1 i ■H 1 i !3 ;ii; '0MI:: I H o C/3 I • :"-4 . 'J^ / i*»- f: i. \ •t- « » l-'l' l-^ .^ »■»' '»•■*:, *- t-:!?' iilS' ^ k-t^»^;'..i^i(*fr? i3;^,4!S!*=i%aS*.-^'Pr-U M ;! :f-V'M it ;4' • COOK'i THIRD and LAST VOYA(;E~Tc» the PACIFIC OCEAN, «cc. by) ■y i*? 15 •4 ? the ground, at equal diftancea fmm each other, on which the bcami intended 10 Awpori the ftmf arc ex. tended t which ii formed hy ioina, one end of which reft upon the gi*ound, and tlie other on the bcami. Between the j«ifta, iht inurOi^ci are tilled up with wicker work, and turf la (\fte»d over the whole. The external ap|)CBrancc of ajourt, rercii>bln a roumi fkiuat hilhick. A hole, fervinK Tor a chiii)nr|r, windou, and (ioor, ia left in the cenur, and the inhabitant* gu in and out by the aHlllance of a lonu |k>Ic, having noiche* deep enough to alford a little Jcciirity lor the uie. On the lide, and even with the ground, there ii another en- trance, appropriated to the life of the women I but if a man palu-t in or out of thi« duor, he become* ai iiuich anobjed of ridicule, ai a fjilor who ddccmU through lubbcr't hole. A jourt confifts of r ii -Ilia from thii into the kitrhen, airiiuf! half of which is taken up with an oven, nrHre-placci which i« let into the wall that feparatr* the middle apartincnt and the kitchen, nnd i* fii conllrudicd at tn cmiimuni. caie the heat to both room* at the fame time, 'there arc two lol'ts over the kitchen and middle apartment, to which the inhaMtnntt afcend by a ladder placed in the entry for that purpofr. t*!ach apartment ha* two fiiuill window* made of talc, and, aiitong the ir'crior ueople, of filh.fkin. The board* and bcanit of their nabitationi, are rmoothed onlv with a hatchet, for they arc Aranger* to the plane 1 and the fiiiuke ha* rcildercd them of a deep fhinlng black. InKaiiufchatka, anollro^ in called a town, and con. flfltof fcvcral houfciior habitationiof the variou* kinds above-mentioned, Ualajjan* arccoiifiderably th: moll numerou*! and it i* remarkable that we never law a , houfe of any kind that was detached from an ollro^;. 'There are, in St, Pater and St Paul, fevcn log-houfct, nineteen balagan*, and three jourtt. Paratounca is nearly of the lame fite. Karatchin and Natchc«-kin have not fo many log-houfe* a* the former, but lather more balagana and lourti; whence it may be concluded that fuch is the moft general fize of an ofYrog. I'hc drcf) of the Kamtfchadale ^t omen having al. ready been defcribed, we (liall proceed to that of the men. I'he upper garment refemblcs that of a wag. goner's frock. If for fummer wear, it is made of nan- keen j if intended for winter, it is made of a (kin, (gcnerallv that of a deer or dog) having one fide tanned, and the nair preferved on the other, wnich i* worn in« ncrmort. A clofc jacket of nankeen, or fome other cotton (tuff, i* the next under thi*t and beneath that, a iliirt made of thin Pcrlian filk, of a red, blue, or yel- low colour. They wear alfo a pair of long breechet, or tight trowfcrt, of leather, reaching below the calf of the leg. They have likcwifea pair of boots, made of dog or deer (kin, with the hair innermoft. They have a fur cap, having two Haps that arc ufually tied up clofe to the head, but arc permitted to fall round the flioulder* in bad weather. The fur drefs, which was prcfcnted by Major Behm'* fon to Captain King, ia one of thofe worn on ceremonious occafiont by the Toion*. It is (haped like the extarior garment we have jufl defcribed, and confifls of fmall triangular piece* of fur, chequered brown and white, and fo ingenioufly joined as to appear to be of the fame fkin. A border, of the breadth of fix inches, curioufly wrought with different coloured threads of leather, fiirrounds the bottom, and produces a rich effe£l. A broad edging of the fca-otter's fkin is fufpended to this. The flecvcs are ornamented with the fame materials. An edging of it alfo encircles the neck, and furrounds the open- ing ac the breaft. It is lined with a beautiful white fkin. And the prefent wu accompanied with a pair of gloves, ai cap. aiid a pair, of boots, executed with the utnwd ncatnc ft, and compofcd of the fame ma- teri.-U*. The RulTians who rcfide in Kamtfchatka, wear the European drefs ; and the uniform worn by the troops here, is of a dark green turned up with red. CHA^ CtftMM King difpatebed to viftt tie Portuguefe iy wubir in the Typa—CMtaiu King, Jucmpmed h bk fitmd Lieuitmut and others, proceed to Cmioh—His reception at the Englij^ Faaory—Sif/pidoiu cbaraffer of the Ott- n^fe—Olfer^tiois relative to the city of Cmtou^CaptMi King Vffits a Cbinefe tf the frjt JiJUnltion-'His retnrit M fdacM'-GreM a.-mand for the fea-otters-jkins, and its effetl on our feamen— Plan of a voyage /» opening a for trade on the wetUm coaft tf North- America, and nmking further difcaveries in the neigbieurbood «/" China and TapoH—Nantieed imd other flriitures. j r^ ,1< ' I i ^ <■ THE oeople iituated to the N. and S. of Kamtr. chauu, being but impcrfedUy known, we fliall, before we proceed to the continuation of our •. voya^, give fuch inlbrmation ai we have been able tq *■ acquire refpeaing .he Kurile Iflanda, the Koftki. and Tfchutfki. The Kuriles are a chain of ifhnds, extend- ing from the fouthern promontory of fCamtfchat^a to Japan, in a S. W. diro^lion. The inhabitants of the neighbourhood of Lopatka, who were called Kuriles, gave thcfe iflands the fame name^ as Toon as they be- came acquainted with them. Spanberg makes their number amount to 23, exclufive of the very fmall ones. The northemmoft ifland is called Shpomlka, and lies abdut three leagues diftant from the promontory of Lopatka, its inhabiunts confiding of a mixture pf na- tives and Kamtfchadales. The next, named j^ramoufir, is confiderably larger than Shoomfki, and is inhabited by the real natives, whofe anceftors, they fay, came from an ifland called Onecutan, a little farther to the S. The Ruffians paid their iirll vifit to thefe two iflands in 1713, and added them to the domhiions of the Em- prefa. The others, as far as Ooflielhcer inclufive, are now made tribuury, if we may rely upon the informa- tion of the worthy paflor of Paratounca, their miffion- aiy; who pays them a vifit once in three years, and mentions the iflanders in the mofl refpefbible terms, extolling them for their hofpiulity and hununity ; and that they excel their Kamtfchadale neighbours u much •» in thfc gracefulnefs of their perfony, as in their docility'" ixA underflandii^. Though the ifland of 6ofhefhecr is the faithefl to the S. uf any under the dominion of ftuffia, ycc «' Ediibly accrue to the Rulfiaos by eflaliifbiq|; # cont< merce with the Japanefe are lijfiiciently db^iau^ , In the country of Korcki are two diftin^witipinai callol the wandering and fixed Koriacs. Part c^Kb# iflhmus of Kamtfchatka is inhabited by the fontM^ well as all the coafl: of the <9ftern ocean, from thd to the Anadir. The nation of the wandering Kori extends weflward towards the river Kovyma, and along the Nt E. of the fea of Okotflc, as fiir as the river Pcn- fiuna.''The refcmblance between the fixed Koriacs. and the Kamtfchadales, is very flriking: both countries de* pend alike on fifhing for fubfiftence. Their cloathing and habiutions are eaually flmilar. The fixed Koriac^c are under the diftridt of Ingiga» and «rc tribuury to Ruflia. The wandering Koriacs are employed wholly in breeding and pafturing deer, and are faid to have immenfe numbers in their pofTeffion ; it beiiwcommon for a fingle chief to have a herd of 5,000. Upon the flcfti of thefe animals they fubfift, having an averiion to every kindof fifli.They ereftftoBahgans; theironly habi- utions beingfomewhatlike thcKanicfehadal^ jourts, ex- cept that, in winter, thnr are covered with raw deer-fliins. and, in fummer, with fuch ai have been tanned. Their fledces are drawn only^by deer, and thofe that are ufed in drawing them feed.m the fame paflure with the others. When they are wanted, the h^rdfman malces ufe of a certain cry, which^j^bfeiiig very familiar to tl^em, ihejr obey, and quit the hcfd irtnntMiiitely. The two nations of the Koriacs, and the TTchii^ki, make ufe of different diale£b of the fame hngiu^i but it has not the fmalleft aflinity to that of the Kamtfchadale. The Tfcrtutflti arc a courageous, well nude, warlike nice of people; and are formidable neighbours td the Koriacs of bpih nations, who often experience their depreda- tions. The country inhabited by the Tfchutfki. is bounded by the Anadir on the S. and extciids to the Tfchutflcoi Nofs. Their attention, like that of the wan- dering Koriacs, is confined chiefly to their deer, with which their country abounds. The Rulfians have long- endeavoured to brii^ them under their dominion; bur. though they have loft a great number of men in diflfer- ent expeditions, they have not jret been able to accom- plifh this purpofe. It is now time to return to thehif- tory of our voyage, and to make kitoiim the plan of bur future operations. , ]|n tli4'iafl!rudlions for the r<^lationbf thtpttfenc voyage, thki Lords of the Admiralty had intnilfed the CoouiMiiiding Ofllcer of the expedition with a difcre- tionary power, in cafe of not faceting in thedifco- very^pf a pafliigc from the ^cMc Ocean into the At- lantic, tomiak^ choice, in |iii return to England, of vhiitever route he. it^uld ji^eep^jpei-; the C$|mmo> dore thr trade m t—NoHiifsi leir ckMthirq; fixed Koriacs ! tributaiy to >loyed wholly faid to have 'iittcemmon . Upon the _in avedion to teironlyhabi^ ■»l?jourrt,ex- iwdecr.fkirar, inned. Their that are ured lire with the Ifman makes iliartothem, y. The two imkcufeof >ut it has not »adale. The arlike race of 'the Koriacs >«* depreda- Tfchutlki, is (tends to the itofthewao- irdeer, with ins have long' iminion) biir; nen in difier- lie to accom- imtothehif- e plan of our f the prefcnt inrniffed the ith a difcre- in the difco- into the At- England, of he Cjimnio. fRcert would todieinode reduaOir be 'ir opinions, unanimous, liat the c6n- rendercd it as the win- fea between e opened to tha,t jt waa rard of that the Kurifes, aieQjUutcd ch&c (aid ^jeH to the :0>od for- odiouilur. they might iiient places ght be em- uuofpiD. leadjacgot MKs. Our nwt COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOVA(3E^To the PAOFIC OCEAN, Uc> 64I next oUedl was to uke a fu'-vey of the Japanerc Iflcs ; after which w« deligned to make the coaft of China, as ht to the N. u might be in our power, and then to Kracccdtp Macao. This plan being adopted. Captain ling rcoHved oiden, in cafe the two (hips (hould fepa* rate, to repair, without delay, to Macao. On Saturday, the 9th of Odtober, at fix o'clock, P. M. having cleared the entrance of the Bay of Awat- Ika. we made fail to the S. E. At midnight we had a ieaid calm, whidi continued till noon of the following daf> A breete fpringing up from the W. about three oTckck, P. M. we fleered to the S. along the coaft. A 'head-land now opened with Cape Gavareea, in the di- leftionofS.byW. fituated nearly 30 miles bevond it. On Monday, the nth, at noon, we obfervcd in fat. o deg. 4 min . long. 1 j 8 deg. 3 1 min. Cape Gavareea bearing N. by W. one quarter W. and the fouthern extremity 8. W. half W. We were now at the diftance of 9 or 10 miles from the neareft part of the coaft, and per- ceived the whole inland country covered with fnow. A point of land towards the S. formed the northern fide of a deep bay, diftinguiftied by the name of Achachin- flcol, to the touthward of which, the land did not exhi- bit fuch a run^ and barren afpeA, as was obfervable in that part of the country which we had before paiTcd. On Tuefday, the 1 2th, at fix o'clock P. M. wc dif- ccmed, from the maft-hcad, Cape Lopatka, which is the mod fouthern extreme of Kamtfchatka. This, by accurate obfervations, wc found to be in lat. {i deg. and in the lon^. of 1 56 deg. 4$ min. We perceived, to the N. W. of It, a very lofty mountain, whofe fummit was loft in the cloudi. At the fame inftant. the iirft of the Kurile iflands, named Shoomfta, made its appearance, in the diredlion of W. half S. On Wedncfday, the 1 3th, at day-break, we delcried the fecond of the Kurile iflands. named Paranwufir, by the Ruflians, extending from W. hsif S. to N. W. by W, This land was ex- ceedingly high, and almoft covered with fnow. The ifland isthefargeftof the Kuriles; and its fouthern ex- tremity flands, according to our computation, in lat. 49 deg. 58 min. the northern extremity we place in lat. Sdeg. 46 min. long. 10 deg. W. ot Cape Lopatka. ring the two following days, the wind, blowing frefh from the W. obliged us to fleerto thefouchward, and con. fequenrly prevented us from feeing any more of the Ku- riles. On Saturday, the 16th, our lat. was 45 deg. 27 min. our long, deduced firom many lunar obfervations , taken the three preceding da^s, was 155 deg. 30 min. and the variation 4 deg. 30 min. E. In this (ituaiion, WtT vtere almoft encompafled by the real or pretended difcoverics of prior navigators; not one of which we Were fortunate enough to meet with in our courfe. Hie wind having veered m the afternoon to the northward, we hauled round to the W. In the couiie of this day, weobferyed fevini albatioflcs, fulmars, and numerous flocks of ^lls: we «Ub fawa number of fifli, called gram- pUflTes by our IkikMij but we were rather inclined to Judge, from the appearance of thole which palTed clofe »y our velRls, that they were the kafatka, or fword-ftfli. Sunday, the i^th, we obfervcd in lat. 45 dec. 7 min. long, f i^ de^. On the rath, at two o'clock A. M. we hauled our wind, atld'ftood to the Ibuthward till five, at which time a violent ftorm reduced us to our courfes. Though firbm the unftivourable (hite of tlic weather, there was but little probability of our making the land, our attention was (till anxioufljr direAed to mis objedl; ihdoH iheabpeartuKe of day-light, we ventured to fteer W. IvS. Wc proceeded on the fame courfe till 10 d'ctaeK, WhiA the wind fuddcniy veered round to the S. W. atWnM with fair weather. Scarce had we a- vailed ouiielvet of this, by letting out our reefs, and fet- ting the top-liiils, v *«mi it began to blow with fuch ve- hemencc, tW we were under the nrceflitjr of clofe reef- ing anini and, about noon, the wihd (hifting more to the W. we were plcvented from continuing any longer on this thck : we thereibre put about, and flood towards the S. We were now in lat. 44 deg. t a min. hng. 1 co '^Aeg. 40 min. fo that, after all our exertions, we had the iftortiflcation of finding ourfclves, accord in? to the Ruffian ehans. upon the tame meridian uith Nadcegf- No, 78. da, which they reprcfent as the moft foutherty of all tie Kurile iflands. 'rhoudi the violent and adverfe winds i.||tat we had met with tor fut day* pafl, had deprived us of an opportunitjr of getting in with thefe iflands, yet the courfe on which we had been obliged to prdceedi did not prove altogether deftitute of geographical ad- vantages: for the group of iflands, comprehending Zellany, Kunaftiir, and the Three Sifters, which, in the maps of M. D'Anville, are laid dOWn in the track we had juft crofled, are, by dtik'hi^'ns, demonftTfAiIy rf- moved from that pofitiont anittHu^ anadditro^l prddf is obtained of their being fitUatcd to thfc'WrWh^ Cap- tain Spanberg has placed them, between the iMigitudei of 142 and 147 dci^. But this flpace being occupied, in the French charts, by Staten ifland, am^paft of the fuppofed land of Jefo, the opinion of Muller becoW^ highly probable, :hat tliey are all the fame lands i and, as we have no reafon to call in queftion the accu- racy of Spanberg, we have, in our general chaft, rein- ftated Kunafliir, Zellany, and the Three Siflers, in theit proper fltuaiion. and have totally omitted the reft. When we confider the manner in which the/Ruflians have multiplied the iflands of the northern Archipe- lago, not only from the want ot accuracy in afcertain^ ing their real Jjofition, but likewife frdm the defire, na- tural to mankind, of propagating new difcoveries, we (hall not be furprized, chat the fame caufes (hould pro.' duce fimilar efledls. It is thus that the lands of Jefo, which appear, as well from the earlteft traditions among the Ruflians. as from the accounts of the Japanefe, to be no other than the Kurile Iflands, have been imagined to be diftindt from the latter. De Gama's land is next on record ; and this was originally reprefented as being nearly the fame in fltuation with tnofe we have juft mentioned ; but it was afterwards removed, in order to make room for Staten's Ifland, and the Company's land; and as Jefo, and the moft foutherly of the Kuriles, had tikewife poffeflion of this fpace, that nothing might be loft, the former had a place provided for it wefl- ward, and the latter towards the E. As, according to the Ruflian chartf, the ifles of Kunafhir and ZcUany, were ftill to the S. We entertained feme hopes of being able to make them, and, with this view, kept the head of the Refolution towards tne W. as much as the wind would permit. On Wedncfday, the 20th, at noon, we obfervcd in lat. 43 deg. 47 min. long. 150 deg. 30 min. We were then (landing to the W. by S. with a gentle breeze from the S. E. but about three o'clock P. M. the wind, ftiifting to the N. W. point, began to blow with fuch violence, that we were brought under our mizen ftay-fail, and fore-fail. For the ibilowing 24 hours we had heavy rain, and vehement fqualls ; and as the wind continued to blow from the N. W. our attempts.to make the land were rendered abortive ; and we were at length obliged to relinqui(h all further thoughts of difcovcry to the northward of Japah: To this difappointment we fubmitted with the greater reluAance, as our curio- fity had been confldcraMy excited by the accounts that are given of the natives of thefe iflands. On the 3 1 ftj in the afternoon, an accident befel our fliip, the Refo- lution ; for the leach-rope of her fore-top-fail save way, and fpHt the fail. This having fi(t and leach-ropcs of the top- fails to be taken out, and larger ones to be fixed in their room t and thefe likewife proving incapable of fupport- . ing the ftrain that was on theni, gave him good tctlon't to obfcrve to us, that the juft proportion of fttength be- tween the fiiil and thofe ropes, is extrertiely mifcalcniated in our fervice. On the aid, in the ttiorning, we let out' the reeft cf our tc^-fails, and carried more fail. At noon, we found ourfclves to be iu lat. 40 deg. j8 min. long. 148 deg. 1 7 min. variation of the needle ^ deg. E. This day fome birds aflorded us clear indications that we were not at any confiderabic diftance from land : with this hope wc (teered tp the W. N. W. in which dire^ion were (ituaied, at the diftance of' about 50 leagues, the fouthernmoft iflands. ften by Captain Spanb*'?. and faid to be inhabited by hairy men. At I eight o'clock, the ful)o^ving morning, a frefti breeze 7 Z fpringing I 6#J qipf, C Q>i0Jf,*t V O Y.^ Q.E S C O M P li B T ]?;. i }■ » i I 4ifcmiDa(«(^a wc M violent ^uaUf-galaK^i W . jHW ftn» PMCha of. grwp pr»|i, ,,-^ ^-y r-r- A^jAimbcr of fuMll (and bit«|i«^ ihia, ^Of^ ntM^ fM» of |{Mlu>mrc4i4 .not think it confirm Htitli frade^ce. luviingalrthcfi: ngtn or the vicinity of land, iq Aitm) the whole flight : abcHit midnight therefore w^ , . «J!«fW mmn fhe N. j|nd hl5f(;H lue^l HS>Mii?fi1»t^ 9^^ lecond dirappoimmciBt in o^ fttcmpUMgqt 10 Mw If. ,>y. the tempeiluom wtatVr |NtidiyhicKwehs0bsrn hanafl'ed, and theTiDyMiKP- m»imfitthtt &»$M of the year, of it^fxcAg inon; «iv(^m|ile to our dcfigni, were the- motivck ifi^ now. induced, Captain Gore to abandon finally ;i< fuf^ therTearch for thJE iflands fituate to the northward of Japan, and tqdired our courfi: to the W. S. W. Ifor the Dorthem part of that ifland. Oi^ the jjth, at noon. Wf werei^lat.40 deg. 18 min. and in long. i44d|E^. Jplljl^ttof wild duciu were this day pbferved by uai a Eigcon lighted .upon our riggingj and many fidiall irds, refcmbling finncti, flew about the Ihipt, with a degree of vigour, that gave us rcafon |o imagine they l^tnpt .been long pn the wiifg. We a}fo paiJTed a pii^ either of bsunboo pr funr-caiie, ana feveral pfit(;hcsof longgrafs. Thefe iiidicatioas of our being at (}o gi[efit diflance from land,deteniMncd us to try bv loupdings ; but we could not reach the bottom with 90 fathoms of line. On the approach of evening, the ^ind gradually veered round to the S., with which we fiontinued our courfc to the W. S. W. On Tucfday, t^e 36th,atday'>biieak. we had the (atisfadion of per- ' cetYilg bighf thiahiil, therefccmedtofaean inn let of very confidetable depth, the northern fide of ' whdfe entnnq; is formed by a low. point of lands and, as well as we were enabled to judge by the afliflance of our gfafics, has a fmall ifland near it towards the S. Having flood on till nine o'clock, we had, by th|t time, approached, withb five or fix lailes of ^e land, which bore W. three quarters S. We now tacke^, and flood f off{ but as the wind fiiiled us, we had proceeded, at noon, to no greater diflaiKe than 3 leagues from the frore. This part jof die coaft extended fimm Ni W., bj^N. toS. half E. and was principally bold and, c|i^.' Tlw^Iow cape above-nientionfd, ; was about fix . Icagu^ diftant, bearing N. Yf. by W, and the noithcm point ^ the inlet was intht dirc^Monof S. three qoartcra W. Our lat. bv obTervatHMi, w^s 40 deg. 5 mu^. ani our long. 143 deg. 29^ min. Thp mpft northerly land in view, waa fiipp^ilcd by «s to b« the noithem extreme of Japd^i. It is ttMuefflm lower than dte oth^r parti ; aa4 ^m the nuve pf the elcTa(«d lands that wcfe difcemed ' over it from rhe DunJktadLthe djallinpuiifidUy appeared f to tifend to the wf^ftward. . Ihf: iOf|^4K>i«| of t|ie |i|ilet ma imaopncdbyua to |)e,C^ tlpn^i §nd w« |cwye^Ned. ifm the town. WWVh J«ifi»>< calis {i^hft, lAoiad inabawak of thehia^ land^ ^owfrdi ^il4u^ (% i^if^^uffftmadj ,4^e&ei. it(c|f. ttm neig^iboMrini looMniiy^M of 41 vindqnw > dmpti«i, and ha* « douhk |i;|uwe of amnuaiiM. It ia well fiirniibpd irith wood.; perceived m linfllK ai^g from Kveral vitti^ or towBi^ andfinrmaof hoi^ ind^ghtfiil and cuUt vaced ftiwdona, at ■ fmall difianca from tht Ante, WhUe the caloi continuad, that we miglR kfe no lime, weputoar filNni lines ovnhoarl, in ^ fr* dMBia««n^ fauthadnofimdi. ThiabeiM|dKodbr: divofion which onr pvtIiNitdrctiintenca wnuid pom ^ w *«an» «c voy ftiMiMr Mt «ur 4i..,.„ .Y „ ,i ,„ pn Thwrfday ^le^aStjL^fix olqlock A.M.-W mlm &w land, la IfftJw^ri^iJW. WVt^»^^ <^ that.weha* i^?"^*''?.^''' '?'%'< «RPfai4ettfh).iii,,w. tar ».it«> W. S. W. At ten oclpcl^ wc %wn[ipi;e:land in the fame direaion.. ; Af Wn. the no^th^i extmnity , oC the land m view borq N»,W. by^ljr. and a p^Jted WH, over a ftccp lie«d>-lai>d. was 15, o^, f6flS"'i iAi'-QVte 9'clQck« the Iky being ovcrcaft, wk|. ^m/^y/fn^, to the 5^. we tacked andLftqcrf off tp the|ft*^ then w« obfcrved a vefleli clo% in with thei|ii|(il|M|d^ the N. along the ^e,,^nd, weh«p,J*fe W^i^ in, the offinfr cortiing dojvn on us b^^% Wind. Qb^ belonging to a countnr (b/celebauM„|pd ypt Co iip[ fedly^nown, excited a^gene^j^pitls of ci in coi^cquence of wh^ck; eveqr sgj^mti^v^ ^^^ veflp^o w»jMJww?iwoi« n gresMt i^ifl^^nce fF9ra Erehenfiveofa|armin|^ ]^dieapp^i^e:Of Culed a-head of us. biuGaptidi their appri^^QQni have m^n^^pevciit..i withth?JapM?^i terrupuon. Acwiding to wif W «f hhcfc heimJfiie At Mom '•in.. ^. OMliiMMt J.oiuiin MSfiJuJ fyjt/eK'.2£>y^,at^uJiiLi^je^ii-iiuJirio.litteiytarterJi(nr . w 1; i!' 1 4i. 1 1 H- n i f- * I 4y t= vtit h B T U- % Idl 'l'\- W '' v > p^ P '5 1' ; 1 1 1 . ' 1 X.rilil. MinryjrxnrrA U«n4 IrtnffKXX HlUnltf.tftttt 8l'IiP!nUIItand< l-"»'5' ■•£ ( V«r .1 <»K. Var.t.ailtKavuj7^9. \ \ SMiihl. . Viit I It B , Milei IS milm/ll'.rrarl COQR'8 fTHIRDUtd LAST WfStXAGE-tVo the PACIFIC X)CEAN, &c. *43 theoRle, without the rimlleftjdiftiiNiitonf^'vMeMta. fhifted to the W. Mid l»'|HodMiiig a. AidMillhclL'iM «dii«dMo(«cql|trary to ti»t «liif8hiMtefof«<|iM««ilni) MUftd our fliip* IQ tabow ni Onin jwwdlijttfcrj During the, ftottti, «^ Miorfimialof wir^AUiirpiiii^ They EMitiiidMii btffnwith raii)rM!VI*hieh»c^ theybccaihelds capablojof bcarinrtReiliAltti M>iihfl bolfterous and variabto-windt we e»eM«NCedjOcakUa4 to the W; and hiew inviolent Tqualli^^ aoci(n|fpAnM we 4cVitu mined, at h6on, by obfervailon, our lat. tttbof '3IJ 'ti«gJ ■ 17 roin. and our long, with great accuracy, to bc(i4i deg. 32 min. At two o'clock, we again mad^' land ta/w«n)sthe W. diftant 13 Ica^s. A ltutnnio<^kf to the northward, which had *n infular ap^arartce bof« N.N. W.half W. We ftcered for tbri land tillbtk. twcen live and fix, Mvhen we hauled ««r'tt*ind t* the Si At this time wcdefcried totheweftward * mountain of extriordinnry height, With a round futndit.rifing far in- land. In \\a neighbourhood the coaft i« of a itiodehlte elevation; but, to tb« S, of the humrnbckf iflaod, there appoai«d ata'canficteriblediflariceup the country, a rutee of 'hills, extending toward* the mountain, >artd which might perha|>s join it. As the weather, itt the morning of the 2nd, bad a very threatening appear- ance, and the wind was at S. S. E. we thought it ad- vifcable to quit the neighbourhood foiP th« iiiore, and ftand olf towards the E. that thi; fll^d *iit|ht not be entangled with the land. We- weti«"wdt'l5cceived in our prognoftications ; for not long afterwards,'^ heavy gale began to blow, which continued (ill the next day, and was attended with rainy and hazy weather. On Wednefday the 3d, in the mornihg,' wc fijurtrf ourfelvc* by our reckoning! upWardt of jo leagtws frort) tticcoaftt which circumftance, united to the confideraikih ofthe Very uncoiiiHion effied of ckirn^* we had alreadV' •x.i. pcrl*nced, the advanced peridd of the year, the vari- able and uncertain (late of the weather^ and ' the fmali profpe(ftwe had of any alteration Ibr the better, in* duced Captain Goretofertfi.the'reibtution of leaving Japan, and profbcutlhgtfuriVt^yage to China t tdw4ifch fadhmaybe oddedi mt thbeoMl of'^pan, aocqrdi kig tO'Ktempfer's deterip^ion bfit^ it the mod dangctu «us in all theknown'world ; that it would have been exceedingly hazardous, in cafe of diftrefs, to have run ittio tiny efthe harbours of Vhrit-coiirftry riUfhere^ if wc may credit the mOftatithemi^^^riten^ thtfi«Vei(fiont»f the natives to ■ ebnirallrtictlriOA' > With ftrMign^- has prompt^ v'hent w thfe cdmft»ffi^n of Japan, tMif-pbthaptbeiku- {tended with dangerous coAfeqUencei to thbfe ittvigiK- tors, whoare not acquainted with their <«tren(e htpidky, we will here Aibjoin a fummary account 'Of 'thtfirdircci- tion and fbree, as tiMarked by vk 4t6ta^iAKitik^ 4il 8th of NoveMbirr.Oli the'iitita:th«4t«nHvlMnnl«W0 about 1 8 leagues to die E. of White Pt^t^ tlW -OMI^ iertt fetat tifeiiitt«f ^ MilctHnih tM|^1^d,at the4i(lMide of 60 leaouet from the lhore,'ii (er, at th^iMOof 3 very confidcpabie diRance from the track of the Manilla galleons. !iOn Monday, the 15th, wefaw'thrde idands, and bore awaf for the S. point of the'lat^eR>, wpon which wc obferved a high barren hill.'flMtlih'at thfrtop, and when fccn fromthe W. 8. W. prcfthta an evident volcanic crater. Theearth,^rock, orfarid, for it was not^ cafy to didinguilh of which its (Urfikci is ^ompofed, exhibited various colours, and a confiderable part we conjcdordd' to be lulphui*, both from its ap^ {>eamnce.to the eye, andtheftrong fulphureous (Mili SErociviK] by us in our ^proach to the point. The tfolution having pafled nearer the land,'(evcralofour officers thought they difcemed (Icams proceeding from the top of tne hill. Thefe circumilance* induced' the Commodore to beAow on this difcovery, the name df Sulphur Ifland. On! Friday, the a6th, at fir o'clock A,. M.'the wind having qondderably abated,' we fet ovk tc(p*fails, let out' therecia, and bore away to tli'e weft- wardi Atnodn^ we obferved inilat. 21 deg. 12 miii. long. 1 20 deg. 2$ min. In the courfe of this day^, we faw mai>y tropic birds,and a flock of ducks i alfo pot» poifes and dolphins ; and continued to pafs many pu^ mice IVonds. We (pent the night on o«r tacks ; and ^m the 27rti, at fix o'clock A. Mi we again made fail to the W^ in featch of the Balhee Ifles. On the 28ih, at four o'clock, A. M. we had fight of the ifland of Prata. At noon, our kit. was 20 deg. 39 min. long^ tt6 deg. '4S ntin. The extent of tiw Prau ihoal ik eonOder. -aWet fbr it is about 6 league»from N. to S.«nd extendi 14 leagues to the E. of the ifland: its limitt to the iwsftwanj, we had not ar» opportunity of afceltainii^. We ciwricd a prefs of iail diiring the renuinder of ,the day,. and kept the windv which now bUwfrom the N. £. by N. ih oxdcr 'to 4ccurc our p«i&ge to Macao."' .:, '-.'■'■■ t ■ ■ ■ ■. r i ' On Monday, the 39tK;in the'naorning, w* paflTed ifomic Chimfe fiilhii^-txMta, the cik«w« of whi^h eyed ua iiHth marks of great indifl^rence; At nooniiour lat. by iibfervatwn, was 22 deg. 1 min. and, finc»the preceding noon, we had tun 1 10 miles upon a N. W. couiie: On ithei3oehr in tite mommg, we ran along the iienu Ifla. 'M»htch,'1ike.'the other iflands fituated on this coaft, tie .dtftituae'-*^ woody imd, bs ht as we had an c^ipertanity fff''Johficrvingi devoid^olF cultivationJ We now fired<'« imd, 'and difplaycd our colotirs, as a figflal for a pitot. OntHe'repetitiort^f^th^figniil, there was an exc«i|«(lt face between Iqur Ghinefe boatti and CaMin Qoib «M»edtbefiimlQi^WtiNK.|«i'h« cMld ^M%waa at I length li • 644 Gipt. C O O K'si ¥j OlV A.';G.E.8 IC O M.P L B T E. » "I [■ I .(;.. V. I ■'* W length coiiiproiiiirod, by agitcirtg to divide the money betw«ci>thcin. In obedience to the inllrudliMi Cram the Lords of the Adminlty, U now btcaoM neceflafye* dcnmnd of the ofllccn aiid m«ii belauitM 10 both fhips, their ^oumali. and whm other pfm ihey might have in their poflctRon. relative todieliifloiy of tM voyage. At the fame time Captain King gave the Dtl^ covery't people to underdand, that whatever paper* thejr wiflied flwiuld mx be fent to the Lonla of the Adf tnicMlythe would feal up in their prefencc, and prcrervc in hit cuftody till the intentions of their LoidlkiptL re^ fpcdling the publication of the hiftory of the vovagc, were accompfilhcd, after which, he faid they (houid M faithfully reltored to them. The Capuin obfervei upon thii occaAon, that it it but doing juiiice to hia company to declare, that, at to the crew, uiey were the bel^ dii- pofed. and the mod obedient men he ovtr linear* though the sreateft part of them were very young,!aad had ne vcr lerved before in a fhip of war. The fame propo- (all were made to the people of the Keiblution, and in- ftantly complied with. We continued working to windward, by the diredion pf our pilot, till about fix o'clock P. M. when we let go our anchora, he being of opinion, that the tide waa now fetting againft ut. During the afternoon, we Hood on our tacid, between the Grand Ladrone ajtd the ifland of Powe. having pafled to the call of the htter. At nine o'clock we agamcaft anchor in fix fathoms water r the town of Macao being at the diibince of 9 or i o milca, in « N. W. diretftion; and the iiland of roioe bearing S. half W. feven miles diftant. On the 2d of December, in the morning, one of the Chinefe contradors, called Compradon, came on board, and Ibid u« at much beef as weighal 200 weight, toge- ther with a confiderable quantity of greens, oranges, and eggs. In the evening Captain Gore fent Mr. King on (horc to vifit the Poriuguefe Governor, and tu re*- epieft hit afliftance in procuring rctreihmcnts, which he Uiought might be done on more rcafonablcv tcnns than the Comprador would undertake to furnilh them : with whom we had asreed for a daily fupply; for which, however, he infilbd on our paying him before-haod- Upon Mr. King't arrival at the citadel, the Fort-Maior informed him that the governor wat lick, and not able to fee company. Having acouaintcd the Major with hit defire of tvoceeding immcoiately to Canton, the for- mer told him, that they could not prefume to provide a boat, till permiflion had been obuincd from the Hoppo^ or officer of the cuftoms ; and that it wat ne- ccflary to apply, for this purpofe. to the Chinefe govern- ment at Canton. When the Captain wat returning, the Portuguefe officer aileed him, if he did not mean to vifit tM Englifli gcwlemen at Macao? Thit queftion Save him inexpreffiUe plaifure. He proceeded imme- lately to the houfc of one of hit countrymenj fh)m whom he received information of the French' war,flmd of the continuance of the American war; and that five fiiil of EngUlh (hipt were now at Wampu, near Cantolt, in China< The intelligence we had gained concerning the fUte of affiiirt in Europe, rendeied us the more anxioua to accekmte our departure At much at we pof. fibly coukl. The lirft thii^ that claimed the attentton of uic Commodore, was to provide as well at he could for the general fafety of the people under his connroaiid, on their return home. The liewt of a French war, witlw out, letting ut know the order iiTued by the King of France in our iavour, gave us much concern. Our ihipa were ill fitted for war : the decks, fote and afi, i)ting fimlhed flufh, had n<^ covering for aicn M oflU eers ; it was therefore thought neceflanr to rai(e a kind otfpatapet, mulquet-proof, on both' decks; and Wtcwifr to.drdjglbcs the cabint as miichaa poflible in cafe «f^ A^i^oilb Oty iTh«dciay, the .9^1^ we received an anTwar fiM» the Englifli fitpenaigDM atjQmtitti.M wbioh | j:hef piwm^td eMic thdr maA iftniniNiH endc|MM0 in^procuriitg the fuppHet bf jlrhich «t irete in waait wiihali pofltblt diipatchi and »hat.« pdljiort Umii be feni for one of omti ofiken. Friday, tfatfiioth, aa EigUBi merchant, from ont of our iKBM w hich he had purchaled at Macao. I'he VodHMMM caafldniag c atten- tion on thepurchafeol our ftoreaand provifions, which he completed on Sunday, the 26th, and, on the follow- ing day, the whole ilock was conveyed on board. At Canton Hrat likely to be the mod advantageous market for furs, the CommodcMC had defircd Captain King to take with him alMut 20 ikint of fea-ottcrs ; molt of which had been the property of our deceaied Com- roandertrand to difpoft of them at the belt price he could obtain. The Englilh fupcrcargoet being informed of thefe circumAanccs, they dire&cd him to a member of the tlons (a focictv of the principal merchants of the city) who being fu(ly,i|ppriied of the nature of the iMiutoefti fccmed to be wnfible of the delicacy of the Captain't fituation, and therefore aiTured hun, that, in an a£9ur of thin kind, he iheuM conlider himfelf at a mere agent, without iceking any profit for himlclf. The fliiat being laul before thit merchant, he examined them over and ovec again with porticuhv attention.; and at lar thofc (lores ble to fupply ■ cy were ready e might have :. Iking dch I polIiblL-, the vyould cndk:a- but v,c were i an indifpcn- n had wait(;d ion with the c (houUl take, ;ed him with was informcdi ing our party s, at his own cing thus rc- w ioirc attcn-' vifions, which an the folloW- >n board. As agcuus market iptain King to tcrss molt n( eceaied Com* bell price he teing informed n to a member erchants of the nature of the iclicacy of ttue I hmi, that, in der himfelf aa lit for himfelf. t, he examined uhur attention.; tt he could noc for them. Aa nc half of their d I ooo dollars; five, and, at laptain lowered 1 declaring that e Chinefe fpecr they (hould di- agrecd to, and remarks, rela- lin King, from fcvcral Mnglifh ime near that town, with the ;nce. The num- computed, may whom there are called Sampa-f res. ) I* • Xrfermrr* . CX'thintU. m tisuUtiKiMtmttaftiirmt onr tmr\f r"^" )'""■': I ^ A^ H' a \ (' ^ < I mi II— iiio^i aMMwiMMi • I M I Hi ■ III COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGK— lo ela i'At IKIC OCiiAN, A.. 64i 1 ict, or floating-houfai upon the river. They ttt moored in rowi clofe » each other, with a narrow pafTiRr, at intervali, for the boati to pafi up and down the river.' The ftreeti of thia city are long, narrow, and di-(t it ut c of uniformity. They art well paved with large Owa, and, injRneral, kepi extremely clean. The Roiifci are built of^rick, and are only one ftory high. They have, for the moft part, two or three coiirtt bsick wards, in which are ercdtcd the warehoufrs for the reception ot merchandize i and, in the houfei within the city, are rtic apartmcnti for the femah-i. Some of the mranft fort of people, though very few^ have their habitHtlorts cumpoied of wood. Thofc that belong to the European ft(flors, are built on a fine quay, having a regular facndc of two ftnriei toward* the river. They are conftruiflcd, with reCpcdt to rhe infide, partly after the Chincfe, and partly alter the European mode. Adjoining to them are a confl- derable number of houfrs which belong to th^ ChineTet and are let out by them t<» the commaodcn of veflela, and to merchanti, who make only an occafional (lay. As no European is permittetl to tnkc his wife with him to Canton, the Englifh fupcrcargocs live rrtarether at one common table, which is maintained by rne Cbnn'- pany, and each of them has alfo nn aprtmeht appro- priated to himfelf, confiftfng of three or four rooms. The period of their relidcncc rarely exceeds tight months in a year i and as, during that time, they arc almoft conllantly employed in the fervice of the Com- pany, they may fubmit, with the lefs unealincfs, to the reftridHons unaer which they live. They firldom make an/ vifits within the walls of Canton, except on public occafions. Nothing contributed more to give Captain King an unfavourable opinion of the Chinefe, than his iindmg that feveral of them who had rcHdcd in that country for near 1 5 fticceffjve years, had never formed any focial conncdlion or fricndflitp. When thki laft ^ip departs from Wampu, they ate 'all under th(i necefHty of retiring to Macao( but they leave behind them all the money they poflefs in f()ecie, which, Mr. Kitf" was in- formed, fometimes amounts to 1 00,000 1. IVerling, and for which they have no other fecurity than the (cajs of the Viceroy, the Mandarines, and the iiierchantsofthc Hong: a (Iriking pfoof of thc,excelJcnt pdlit^e main- tained in Chin*. ■ t '."7 During oirr cohtinuanfe at Carfron, M^. Kirtgat- conwanicd one of the Englilh gentlemen on a vific to ^ perlon of the firft di(lin(fliori in the place. They were re- 'ceiv<;d in a long rtJbifi or gallei'y, at the further er^d'pf ^h>ch a tabic was 'placed, with a large cK'air'belfind'K, knd a row of chaffs extending fro"rn it, on Gjoth fldts, down the room. The capfain having been bfev'i'oufly inftru^Ud, that the point of pdlitchers confined in re- maining unfcatcd as long afpoTTible, readily Tubhiitted to this piece of eti(]uctt(^ ; after which he ai^d his friend were treated with tea, andfome Trilli and prcfervpd fruits. Their eficeitainer was very corpulent,' had tfidull heavy countenance, and difplayed great gravity in his deportment, tic had learned toTpc'ak a little broken EngljAi and Portugueze. After his two guefts had taken their fefreflimcnt, nc cdndiicled them about his NoiiK and garden; and when he had (hewn them al{ Ct^eim- proVfi^'enrs he was making, they took' their Ibilvfr.' ' ToeCa^t^aifi being dcfirdus of avolditig the trbiibj and ciclay that' mignt attcAd an applicatioii tot p^\ ports, as w'tU as of favmg thcunhccclFary cxpcncc 1 hiriffga /attipa'he, whii:K lic'waJ inTorihcdamounYcd^li^ ieaft.W 1 2 pounds ftciliT^g, "had hithcrto'dcfigncdttiW aloAj^.\^iththc fui^lfes to Macfao.ln fhc "country .iiii^ chafat'ifhip w aJtUWjl.hufilbcr 6f men, hi^Wrik' too iii t^c T^hojc' Twd mt^, meTftf'tbd'iatii.'khd 'the other bf'j'co' tnight. muf pt%f ' tiM(;^ym Mt:. i^m^isfmemf be ptffchifea' ii(^tHmW. ifs'vitain^ii' ii dheap there as in Eurqd^, he'liai caltulatiedjfhat thty murht Wfp%!it^ eqiifej&aVir fei.ivftl?o(W,yta*'s br^i- fidU'aM Dky. fci'& (Uit»'bf,6,odq1;-3fla&Jln^ the mMai' m£'^Mtii:c of fhc 'ttdjiflft attlcIS for • 'ti^jKn'ltf^^arWcitfi'iflV-hfcbtS^ the fliips ihould have a forge, five tons of unwroughc iron, and a (kilful fmith, with an apprentice and jour.> neyman, who might occationally make fuch tools, as the Indians (liould appear to have the grcateft inclina- tion for pofleiring. For, though half a dozen of the fined flcins, obtained by us, were purchafed with twelve I'l'gc green glafs beads, yet it is very certain, that the fancy of thefe people, for omamoual articles, is ex« tremely capricious and variable; and that the only fure i A comm*.< 646 Capu COOK'S VOYAGB8 COMPl^ETE, <•■ i liy' ' rntnnuxlitv for thrlr market ii iron. To ihU might br tddcil (evcral balei of coarfe woollen cloth, two o( three harri'U of ^\th and copper trinkrti, and a few urofi of Urge pointed cafc-knivc*. Ik then prupufct, that twovemli, not only for the greater fccuriiy uf the Voyage, btit bccaufe (ingle (hip* tm^ht never, in hii npi* nion, to be fent out for the pur|)otc uf difcovcry. lor where rifqiici are frequently to he run, and unccriam Ind danucrmii expcriincntsiried, it can by no mean* be rxpetled that lir^lc cularly as they will, in all probability, be met with^loiw the coaft to the S, of Cook's River. , , ,.ii The conunander jof this expedition, after havJIM ipontinucd about three months oa the American <^oa£ will iiet out on his return to China in the former (Mr^ of (Xtober, taking,care, in his route^ to avoid, as imich aa {wfTiblcthc tracks of preceaing navigators. All that leimins to be added on thia fiibjed, is. that if {the fur trade flwuld became an ijitabliihet) db}t/ik.f^( Indian ccimmerce, m»"y opoortunjiiies will o<;cMf of cqpjpleiing whi^tever may hsve «ccn lef^ |»p5niihcd, in the vojragc 9f which the outline^ are here delineated. , During our ab&nee, a veryludicnHn alt«nUon took place in uwdrefsof aU «ur crew^in copfec^uence of the barter wWch iIk Qiipefc had u^picdpn vnth us for pur fea-oaer Ikins. ' Oii our arriy^ inlftit Ty^ia* not oi»ly ^e,f»j^fc*H;,ff!tf^^^,#'>!owg«r ^mmf.^ff^j*- tr. ,i -v.i H-nl »jfflirivHafid!'5-r.« '3r!J^i!•f#^(^■ ..l5rt u. i 'hirjfj; "}KiW»i-l i'i-"i'>Vjq^Mf''^ ir"-;,'/!!! ■ ••! •313 si ,«'>!■•). rti»- 1 fUiiwn MHO iW .-ilkjf^^ff yiy/'I'v'.-'iV?'? •■iijl • -no - '.'jitiKns ; sftisiscv Bn»4j;\o'n^ibl*>j«tt6'J^ -uirtri'UJ ■ ••'• ' ■■• "■' ■■ h ■■%■ ■ --'H trvmcly rsgucd in their apparel 1 fur, aa the voyage had now eaccci Partridges •, Pigeons - - Rabbiu - - Sheep - • Spices - - % - ■ . Samfui ditto jTurtle . • .. -7-1 *! I* •".'li * a;*: /f.i) T'li • - o - o • o - o - o - o - o - o - o , • o • o - o - 3 • o • • o • o a o 6 o I 3 o o o I o o o o o s o o I 6 16 o o o canYon» D. 8 Per Day J and rice 8 ditto day. D. 4«Per Catty H or iSox. 9 i each 5 1 PcrCatty o 4 each o Per 100 6 'Per Catty 71 ditto 61 ditto . 3 1 ditto 41 ditto 4^ ditto 1 1 ditto J 71 ditto 9f dw '■ ji dilito , 4 ditto ,; 8 ditto ; 8 PerCottf 1 1 ditto .1 i\ ditto 9f ditto ] L.rii -J! 1 •, .1, ;^.,|V iJii'j),rU f?i)fii :• :>f^^\l..ai^%<^>f^U^. i| WMU-iU ...liJi;:<'..iiu I he voy«({c \\Mi If It was at I'irtt Ut greater imt » luj bi'cn ioni', up Miih (kifui net uiih in the n»w inixciland una that Chmn tnityon vrivfj withotic Jvlay, h(Kh the fliipi. (hewn, in the «iao, the rex k, account*, C'*- *4i accuftonicit arch uf conli. one, anJ tbriiv af the ekvuaJ cei overfliatlow and extcnfwc KtM abutit k. : heard nothing . 44PrrCatt)r 34 on 8 ox. 9 \ cwK 5 4 IVrCattf 04 each Per 100 6 • Per Catty 71 ditto 6t ditto , 3) ditto 41 ditto 4^ ditto 1 \ ditto 7f ditto 4 «gh , 51 dilfto . 4 ditt9 ; 8 ditto ; 8 PerCnttf 1 4 ditto 3 1 ditito 9f ditto .i.l .1 (.1.. i 'JUj 1 iibmjil'rpm "liS COOR* THIRD ipi—7hfy unmttr and IftK* Ih* fff0^-^rjtri «/ Ibf hrentb Court relnlivf h Cap/din Ceek—Piffs PhIo SaMira, and author in lh( baihour V" Pull) Cuii»rt—frM\f«flir iht dtftriplm of Pulo Gindort, andtihn ijimidi It iht tirjl tnd frcnnd llijhnn of CapUtiH Cotk'i yniiigti — Prr/tnli hlbt Mandarin, and iht ii/heptf Adran—^flronmital and nauliittl»t/trviUi»ns—l\purlHrt '/ iht k'foluiion and Di/tntry from Pulo Condoft—Enltr iht 0raili of Ranca — Dtftriptmnof iW country ihtii hri—4 fmldtH \tntl thft-mm Anchor in Simm't Bay-~Av{/il to lift tovtrnor—An account af I'lil/t Bay, Ximm'j Bay, Noah'i Ark, and StiU Ifland — St I Jail for England 1 and ft and to lot vitft ifiand dffcriM--Prottfd to Princti ^and — Unhtalltrf ^rlli of liif < oarkj. A. D. 17I0. O" kN Tuefibv, the nth t»f January, two (ailors, John Cavf ii\iimx- mancr.and Ri»>tff Spencer belong- ing to the Rerolution, went ttff with a fu oarrd cutter 1 and thotigh the moll diligent fearch wan fnadr, hoth ihii ami the rollowmg morninp, we could not gain any inlelligcnce of them. It wai imagined, that thcfc fca- mcn had been fcduced by the hopes of acquiring a for- tune, if they (hould return to the fur iflnmU. On the I jth, at noun, we unmoored, and fcaled the guns, which, onboard the l>ircovery, amounted at thia time to ten > fo that her people by means of four additional ports, could fight feven on a fide. In the Rcfolution like- wife, the number of guna had been augmented from 13 to 16 1 and, in each of the (hips, all other precau- tions were taken to give our inrnnriderabic force a rc- (be neutrality during the whole of our voyage. Having got under fail about two o'clorl;, P. M. wc patFcd the turt ofMacao, and falutcd the giirnfon with eleven four- unders, which they ani'wered with an equal number. Nc were under the neccflity of warping out into the entrance of the Typa, which we gained by eight o'clock in the evening of the t^thj and l.iy there till nine o'clock the fuUowing morning, when we fiood, with a frefh eafterly brccAC, to the S. between Wungboo and Potoe. At four in the afternoon, the l.adrone was about two leagues diftant in an eallcrn dire<5lion. On Satur- day, the vi 5th, at noon, we obferved in lat. 18 deg. 57 nun. tong. Ii4deg. 13 min. On the i6th, we (truck foundings over Macclesfield Bank, and found the depth of water to be jo fathoms, over a bottom confifliiig of white land and Ihells. We computed this part of the bank to be fituatcd in lat. 1 5 deg. 5 1 min. and in long. 1 14 deg. 30 min. Hiurfday. the 19th, at four o'clocK P. M. we had in view Pulo Sapatra, bearing N. W. by \t, and diAant about four leagues. Having plTed this ifland, we (tood to the weftward; and on tne 3oth made the little group of iflands known by the name of Puk> Condore, at one of which we anchored in fix fa- thonu water. The harbour where we now moored, has iu entrance from the N. W. and affords the bc(l (hclter dunitgtlie N. E. monfoon. Its entrance bore W. N. W. qutner W. and N. by W. the opening at the Wpper end bore S. E. by E. three quarters E. and we were about a furlongi difUnt frotn the (bore. On llK 4 ^' 3 1 n, early in the morning, parties were Tent out to cut wood, the Commodore's principal motive for touch- ing at this ifland being to fupply the (hip* with that drti'le. None of the natives having as yet made their appearancr, notwithftandingtwo gtms had been fired at dilVvrent tinKj, Captain Ciorc th(nj)<;ht it advifeable to land, and go in fearch of them. Anordingly, ofi Sun- day, the 22nd, he defired Cuptain King to attend him. They proceeded in their boats aionj; Ihore for the fpate of two miles, when perceiving a road that led into a wood, they landed. Here Captain King left the Com- modore, and, attended by a mulfhipman, and tour armed Tailors, purfued the path, which appeared to point dircdllyacrofs the ifland. They prorerdcd through a thick wood up a (teep hill, to the diflanre of a mile, when after defcending, they arrived at Come hut». Cap- tain King ordered tne party to fla^ without, left the fight nf armed men fliould terrify the inhabitants, while he entered and reconnoitred alone. He found, in one of the huts, an elderly man, who was in a pynX fright, and preparing to make off with the molt valu- able eficdts. However a few figns, particularly ttial moft fignili' ant one of holding out a handful of dollara, and then pointing to a herd of buffaloes, and the fowls that were running about the huts in great numbers, left him without any doubti as to theobjedis of their vifit. He pointed towards • place where the town flood, and made them comprehctM, that by going thither, all their wants would t>c lupplied. On their firft coming out of the wood, a herd of^ buffaloes, to the number of 30 at leaft, came running towards them, tofling up their head*, fnuffing the air, and roaring in a hideous manner. They had followed them to the huts, and now Itnod drawn up in a body, at a little diflancc 1 and the old man made them underfland, that it would Ixrexceeding dangerous to move, till they were driven into the woods; but fo en- raged were the animals grown, at the fight of them, that this was not effetfled without a good deal of time and difficulty. The men not l>cing able to accnmplifli it, they called to their afllftance a kw little boys, who foon drove them out of fight. Afterward they had an opportunity of obferving, that in driving thefe animala, and fecuring them, which is done by putting a rope through a hole made in their noftrils, little boya were always employed, who could ftroke and handle them with impunity at tinKs, when the men durfl not approach them. Having got rid of the buffaloes, they were con* du<£led to the town, which confifla of between 30 and 30 houfcs, built clofc together; t>efides 6 or 7 others that are fcattered about the Ixach. The roof, the two ends, and the fide frontins the country, are neatly conftruAed of reeds; theopptmte fide, facing the Tea, is entirely open; but, by means of a kind of tumboo fcreeno, they can exclude or let in as much of the-fifn and air aa they pleafc. They were condudled to the largeft houfe, where the chief, or captain, as they called him, rcfidcd, tnit he was abfent, or would not be fecn; therefore no purchafes could, u they faid, be made. At two o'clock, in the afternoon, they returned to the (hips ; as did likewife feveral of our (hooting partieafrom the woods, about thcfametinte. At five o'ckxk, fix men in aproa, rowed up to the (hips, from the upper-end of the har- boty t and one of them, who was a perfon of decent ap- pearance, introduced hintlcif to Captain Gore, with aa i'^ 643 Ciipt. COOKs VOYAGEii COMFLEXii. I): (.HI '■ t I- cafe and policcncfs which indicated that he had been accudonied to palk his time in other company than' what Condorc attbrdcd. He brousht with him a fort "of certificate, written in the French language, of which the following is a tranllation. " Peter George, Bilhop of Adran> Apoftolic Vicar of Cochin-China, &c. The little Mandarin, who is the bearer hereof, is the real Envoy of the Qwrt to Pulo Condorc, to attend there for the reception of all Euro- pean 'velTels, whofe deftination is to approach that place. &c. A Sai-Gon, lo Auguft, 1779." He gave us to underdand. that he was the Mandarin iVientioned in it 1 and produced another paper, which was a letter fealeJ up, and addrcfled to the Captains of any European fliips that may touch at Condorc. From this letter, and the whole of Luco's converfation, the M«iarin, we had little doubt, that the veffel he ex- pedled was a French one. We found, at the fame time, that he was dcGrous of not lofing his errand, and was not unwilling to become our pilot. We could not difcover from him the precife bulincfs which the fliip Jw was waitinff for defigncd to profecutc in Cochin- China. We fliali only add, that he acquainted ui, that the French veflels might perhaps have touched at Tir- non, and from thence fail to Cochin-China j and as no mtelligence had been received, he imagined that this was moll likely to have been the cafe. Captain Gore ■afterwards enquired, what fupplics could be procured irom this ifland. Luco replied, he had two buffaloes belonging to him, which were at our fervicc, and that conlidcrable numbers of thofe animals might be pur- chafed for four or five dollars each. We had purchafed eight of thefe animals ; and on the 23d, early in the morning, the launches of both fliips were difpatchcd to the town to bring them away, but our people were puch at a lofs to bring them on board. After confult- ing with the Mandarin, it was determined, that they Jhould be driven through the wood, and over the hill, .down to the bay, where our two Captains had landed. This plan was accordingly executed; but the untrada- )>lenel.Kfe an two iflands of very iinall ex- M^t, picniiAilly ftocked with wood, and utua^d in 50 dejr. «... •:1 COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, &c. 649 lof Captain |ven a con- I Condore, Irones, and, lian Scaj it linainder of ; the credit ^ it the mod • tncntion a pbfcrvation, (ts fince the anvofpriur labafhcs, its |, Pulo, im- grcat quan- Ainong the be reckoned cocoa-nuts, nous, forts of till the 28th, I at which left, a Icttfcr if any other icAowed oft eiter for thi^ c, which he ipliment for ahs, at Pulo leg. 40 min. lunar obfer- I and change n. apparent Dr 1 2 hours, infition from kfs than live I four indhn I cleared thii M. we had 'uifTang was irters E. At bmc current, :s clofc upon ing. i04deg, lied the wind cd till mid-* tsofBanca. fcrvcd in lat. of lunar ob- Jsfun-fet.tt'e : our lat. wai its of Sunda; lands known (Icrn part of lya made its V. diftant 7 I fight of the w Moriopin to the W. of ed the (Iraits 1 the. 4th, in its with tl^e nake againn one leagUfi n thcSutna- ?g. W. and eg, 38 min, and conti- ntle breeze, I nearpr a{^ t of Banco, iflcd to the we deCcricd irtnward of » A: Nl-'ivi t'ereinlt^t ry fmall cx> iia(ed in 50 dtfy. dcg. S. lat. and in long. 106 dcg. 12 min. They lie nearly N. and S. from each other, encompafled by a reef of coral rocks. At noon, we had light of the iflandof Java; and about four in the afternoon, wc perceived two velFeli in the ftraits of Sunda 1 one of which lay at anchor near the mid-channel ifland, the other nearer the (hore of Java. On the 8th, about eight o'clock in the morning, we weighed, and pror ceeded through the (Iraits of Sunda. On Wednefday the 9th, between ten and eleven, Captain King was or- dered by the Commodore to make fail towards a Dutch vcflel, that now came in fight to the fouthward. which we imagined was from Europe; and, according to the nature of the information that might be obtained from her, either join him at Cracatoa, or to proceed to the fouth-eaftern extremity of Prince's ifland, and there provide a fuppiy of watci.and wait for him. In com- pliance with thefc inftrucflions Captain King bore down towards the Dutchman ; and un the loth, m the morn- ing, Mr; Williamfon went on board her; where he was informed, that (lie had been (even months from Eu- rope, and three from the Cape of Good Hope ; that, before her departure, the kings of France and Spain had declared war acainfl his Britannic Majcfty; and that Ihe had left Sir Ed ward Hughes at the Cipe with a fqua- dron of men ot war, and alfo a fleet of F"(l India lliips. On the return of Mr. Williamfon, Captain King rook the advantage of a fair breeze, and made fail towards the ifland of Cracatoa. where he foon after perceived the Refolution at anchor, and immediately difpatched a boat to communicate to Captain Gore the intelligence procured by Mr. Williamfon. When wc iawourconfort preparing, at the diftance of near two leagues, to come to, wc fired our guns, and difplayed the fignal for leading a-hcad, by hoifling an Englilh jack at the cnlign ftaff. This was intended to prevent the Difcovery'g anchoring, on account of the foul ground, which tbcmaps on board our (hip placed in this (itua- tton. However, as Captain King met with none, but, on the contrary, found a muddy bottom, and good an- choring ground, at the depth of 60 fathoms, he re- iiuined uft till the return of the boat, which brought him orders to proceed to Prince's Ifland the cnfuing morning. Cracatoa is the fouthemmoft of a duller of iflands lying in the entrance of the ftraits of Sunda. It has a lofty peaked hill at. its fouthcrn extremity, fituated in lat. 6deg. 9 min. S. and in long. 105 deg. 15 min. E. The whole circumference of the ifland does not exceed nine miles. The ifland of Sambouricou, or Tamarin, which flands 1 2 miles to the northward of Cracatoa, may cafily be miftaken for the latter, fince it has a hill of nearly the fame figure and dimenfions, fltuate like- wife near its fouth end. The lat. of the road where we cafl anchor is 8 deg. 6 min. S. long, by obfer ation, ro5 deg. 36 min. E. It is high water on the full and change days, at feven o'clock in the morning; and the water rifes three feet two inches perpendicular. On Friday, the iith, at three o'clock, A. M. the Difcovery weighed anchor, and fleered for Prince's Ifland ; and, at noon, (he came to, and moored oft' its caftern extremity. On Monday, the r4th, at day break, we dcfcried our confort, and, at two o'clock P. M. we anchored clofc by her. By the i6th, both fliips flatted their cafl(s, and had replcniihed them with frcfli water. In the evening the decks were cleared, and we prepared for fea. On Saturday, the 19th, being favoured with a wcfterly breeze, wc broke ground, to our extreme fatis- /iidion, for the lafl time in the (traits of Sunda ; and bn.the 20th, we had to|alIy loft fight of Prince's Ifland. If Mr. Lannyon had not been with us, we fliould pro- bably have met u ith fomc difticulty in finding the wa- tcrii^ place : it may, therefore, not be improper to give a particular dcfcription of its lltuation, for the bene It of fubfequent navigators. The peaked hill on the ifland bears N. W. by N. from it. A remarkable tree, which grows on a coral reef, and is entirely detached from the adjacent flirubs, flands juft to the north of it t and a fnlall "plot of reedy grafs, may be feen dofe by it. I'befe marks will indicate the place where the pool di£. No. 79. . charges itfcif into the fea; but the water here, as well as that which is in the pool, being in general fait, the* calks muft be filled about 50 yards higher up; where, in dry fcafons, the frc(h water which defcends from the hills, is in great meafure, loft among the l^vcs, and muft theremre be fearched for by clearing them away. The lat. of the anchoring-placc at Prince's Ifland, is 6 deg. 36L min. 1 5 fee. S. and its long. lOj deg. 1 7 miiv 30 (ec. E. On Friday, the ijth, we were attacked with a violent florm, attended with thunder, lightning, and heavy rain. From the 26th to the 28th of March, we had a regular trade wind from the S. E. to E. by S. accom- panied with fine weather; and as we failed in an old beaten track, no incident worthy of notice occurred. It had hitherto been Captain Gore's intention to proceed dirc('Uy to St. Helena, without flopping at the Cape, l)ut our rudder having been for fome time complaining, and, on being examined, reported to be in a dangerous flatc, he refolved to fleer diredtly for the Cape, as the moft eligible place, both for the recovery of the fick, and for procuring a new main piece for the rudder. Monday, the loth of April, a fnow was feen bearing down, which proved to be an Englifli F.aft India packet, that had left I'able Bay three days before, and was cruizing with orders for the China !''•% and other India (hips. She told us, that, about i^.rje weeks before, >'onf. Trongollar's fqundron, confifting of fix (hips, had failed from the Cape, and was prone to cruize off St. Helena, for the Englifli Eaft Indiamen. The next morning we flood into Simon's Bay. At eight o'clock, wccamc to anchor, at the diftance of one third of a mile from the neareft fliorc; the S. E. point of the bay bearing S. by £. and Table Mountain N. E. half N. The Nalfau and Southampton Eaft Indiamen were here, in expedhtion of a convoy from Europe. We faluted the fort with eleven guns, and were complimented with an equal number in return. As foon as we had call anchor, Mr. Brandt, the governor of this place, favoured us with a vifit. This gentleman had the highefl regard for Captain Cook, who had been his conflant gueft, whenever he had touched at the Cape; and though he had, fome time before, received intelligence of his un> timely fate, he was extremely affedled at the fight of our vefTels returning without their old Commander. He was greatly furprifed at feeins moft of our people in Co healthy a ftate, as the Dutch (hip which had quitted Macao, at the time of our arrival there, and had after- wards flopped at the Cape, Kported, that we were in a moft wretched condition, there being only 15 hands left on board the Refolution, and feven in the Difcovery. It is difficult to conceive what could have induced thcfe people to propagate fo infamous a falfehood. ' On Saturday the 1 5th, Captain King accompanied our Commodore to Cape Town; and the next day, in the morning, they waited on Baron Plettenberg, the Go- vernor, who received them with every polfible indica- tion of civility and politenefs. He entertained a great pcrfonal efteem for Captain Cook, and profcfled the nigheft admiration of his charadler, and on hearing the recital of his affedling cataftrophe, broke forth into many expreflions of unaifeded (brrow. In one of the principal apartments of the Baron's houfe, he (hew cd our gentlemen two pictures, one of De Ruyter, the other of Van Tromp, with a vacant fpace left between them, which, he faid, he intended to fill up with the portrait of Captain Cookj and for this purpofe he re- quefled that they would endeavour to procure one for him, on their arrival in Great Briain,at any price. Dur- ing our continuance at the Cape, we met with the moft friendly treatment, not only from the Governor, butallb from the other principal perfons of the place, as well Africans as Europeaiu. Falfe Bay lies to the eaftward of the Capei and at the diftance of about 1 2 miles from the latter, on the weftern fide is Simon's Bay, the only commodious fta- tion for fhipping to lie in. To the N. N. eaftward of thistiay, there are fome others, from which, however, it i may with eafe be diftinguiflied, by a remarkable fandy way totheN. of thetowB^whichforms a confpicuoiu S & objciAk 6co Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES C O M P L E t E. objca. The anchoring place in Simoa'i Bay, it fitu. ated in the lat. of 34 f\ca. lo min. S. and its Ions, is 1 8 dep;. 19 tnin. E. In fleering for the harbour, along the weftern fliorc, there is a fmall flat rock, known by the name of Noah's Arki and about a mile to the N. eaftward of it, are others, denominated the Roman Rocks. Thcfe arc a mile and a half dillant from the anchoring placet and either to the northward of them, or between them, there is a fafe paHiige into the bay. When the N. weflerly gales are fet in, the navigator, by the following bearings, will be direifled to a (ccure and convenient flation: Noah's Ark S. 51 dcg. E. and the center of the hofpiul S. u deg. W. in 7 fathoms water. But if the S. eaflcrfy winds flwuld not have ceafctl blowing, it is more advifeable to remain farther out in 8 or 9 fathoms water. The bottom confifls of fand, and the anchors, before they get hold, fettle confi- derably. About two leagues to the eaflward of Noah's Ark, flands Sieal Ifland, wliofe fouthem part is faid to be dangerous, and not to be approached, with fafety, nearer than in 32 fathoms wacer. On Tuefday the 9th of May, fignal was made for un- mooring, and, about noon, we took our departure from Simon's Bay. We had now proviflons, live flock, wa- ter, and naval ftores, aboard in great plenty : alfo healthy crews, in high fpirits, wilhing for nothing but a fair \vind to fliorten our paflage home. On the 14th, we got into the S. E. trade wind, and flood to the W. of the iflands of Afcenfion and St. Helena. Wednefday, the 31 fl, we were in lat. 1 2 deg. 48 min. S. long. 1 5 d^. 40 min. W. On Saturday the lothof June, the Dif- covery's boat brought us word, that, in cxcrcifing her ^eat guns, the carpenter's mate had his arm fliattercd m a (hocking manner, by part of the wadding being left in after a former difchargei another man was fltghtly wounded at the fame time. On the 1 2th, it began to blow very hard t and continued fo till the next day, when we eroded the line to the northward, for the fourth time during our voyage, in the long, of 26 dcg. 1 6 min. W. On Saturday the 1 2th of Augufl, we defcried the weftfrn coaft of Ireland, an^ endeavoured in vain to get into Port Galway, but were compelled by violent foutherly winds, to (land to the N. The wind con- tinuing in the fame quarter we made the ifland of Lewis. On Tuefday, the 22nd, about eleven o'clock A. M. both fliipscame to anchor at Stromnels in Scotland: from whence the Commodore font Captain King to inform the Lords of the Admiralty of our arrival. On the 30th, we arrived off Yarmouth, in company with his Nfajefty's floops of war the Hy and Alderney. Our boats were immediately fei)t on (hore for provi- flons, and for a fpare cable tor our fmall bower, that we had being nearly worn out. On the 4tJ» of Odlober, 1780, the Refolution' and Difcovcry reached the Nore in fafety; and, on the 6th, dropped anchors at Deptibrd ; having been abfent four years, three months, and two days. It is very extraordinary, that in fo long and hazardous a voyage, the two fliips never loft fight of each other for a day together except twice; the firfl time, owing to an accident that happened to the Difcovery off the. coaft of Owhyhee; the fecond, to the fogs they met with at the entrance of Awatfka Bay; a ftrikiiig proof of the fl(ill and vigilance of the fubaltem of{i.;ers. Ano- ther circumftance, no lefs remarkable, is, the uncom- mon healthinefsofthe comninies of both (hips. Wheo Captain King quitted the iMcovery at Stromnefs, he had the fatisfadlion of leaving the whole crew in per- fetfl health; and, at the fame time, the number of Tick perfons on board the Refolution did not exceed two or three, only one of whom was incapable of fervice. In the whole courfe of the voyage, the Refolution loft no more than five men by ficknefs; the Difcovery not one. A ftriA attention to the excellent regulations efta- blifhed by Captain Cook, with which our readers have been made acquainted, and the ufe of that excellent medicine, Peruvian bark, may juftly be deemed the chief caufes, under the blefling of an all-directing Providence, of this extraordinary fucccfs. . /^1'"S ! JOURNAf, ■T f »■ ■" !' - "-":"''" fftr ■^S!i---w«W"'»w"«m^ xd in vain to led by violent le wind con- the ifland of I'clock A. M. I in Scotland : tain King to r arrival. , in company ind Alderney. re for provi- lower, that we Erolution and i, on the 6th, n abfent ^our nd hazardous tf each other time, owing overy off the. Dgs they met hilcnig proof fRcers. Ano> the uncom- Ihipt. Wheo tromnefs, he crew in per> imbcroffKk tcccd two or fcrvice. In ution loft no very not one. lations efta- teaders have hat excellent deemed the alUdirccling TRNAI, i: > ; COOK'i TWRP mA last VoyAGfl— To the PACIFIC OCE^N^ &c. 651 ■(— T-— "^-WK li J O U R N A L OF THE R O . 1 I" - 1 : U T E OF THE RESOLUTION and DISCOVERY, Including the Ldtitude, Longitude, and the Variation of the Compafs* From the C»{ie of Good Hope to KergitcleD's Land. Tunc. Ltlituh Srnib. Lon^^ Variii. Weft. 1776. r « ' ' VmAI '7t9 3 J+ 3» •7 J6 22 00 4 36 +8 19 oj 22 30 .: 33 21 »i »3 IJ 00 6 3» 59 2J 29 »3 33 I 40 OJ 25 2J 41 04 28 5 24 00 9 41 27 ♦3 56 30 7 10 3» '3 »4 45 ■ I 4? 37, J' 3' 25 00 ■ 2 46 20I 3- 26 00 '3 47 >J 4>48 26 I J M 47 46 44 If M 48 24I 48 ,i| 3« 00 ■6 48 41 J2 II 17 48 28 56 6 18 48 3?^ j6 4(» •9 48 26 59 »o ao 48 27 62 43 3T 48 27 cc J3 12 48 18 66' 20 H 48 36 67264 14 48 24 68 35 =s 484. 69 II «7 44 Fioni KiTguelen's land to Van Dicmen's Lund. 1776, Der. 29 30 3' »77T Jan. 2 3 '9 23 ai tt 21 »4 »T 2£ L;ttitu4e Lon|iiuJe V.irijt, Soullk halt. Welt. •7 44 18 44 37 20 '7 9i 41 59 43 56 20 1$ 40 6 >9 »3 12 18 »3 331 »3 3>! 4>; +7 4'1 33: o ' 69 39 70 34 73 '6 84 88 9' 93 95 99 lot 106 109 no ■ 12 '5 120 124 118 '}' '34 3» •4' '43 '44 •47 147 •4:' }o 24 30 47 30 14 '5 29 '4 7f '3 37 7 34 I o 3 o >• '5 d 8 From Adventure Bay, Van Dia- men'i Land, to New Zealand. .-._. Latitude Loniinide Variai, """• South. Eaft. E-ft. 177 Jan. 31 Feb. 6 I 9 10 o 43 »3l 44 '6i 44 4»1 H *H 44 ' 42 j6 42 27 4' 54 40 59i 40 35: 40 28J '49 »9 152 9 '54 5' '57 4' 160 13 161 59 163 39 ifij 23 167 29 i6g 30 171 27 '74 '5 7 30 From Qneen Charbtte'i Sound, New Zealand, to the Friendly ines. ' Tisie. 27 2.S March I 44 10 I 12 •3 '4 '5 16 !^ '9 20 2 22 23 2 28 29 30 3' April I Latitude £outh 4' 37i Time. Latitude South. Longitude Eaft. '777- 1 ' Aftil 8 '9 7 199 32 9 18 J7 '99 '» 10 ■«»' 198 24 II 18 20 197 iO 12 18 10 197 20 '3 .8 7 '97 7 '4 <8 8| '8 4* 196-3; 18 196 10 '9 ■7 594 '95 9 20 18 8 '93 59 21 '8 37t 192 42 22 .8 3? 192 21 23 • 8 V. 191. 24 •9»Si 189 40 2; '9 47 18844 26 20 iii '87 44 27 20 38 180 3 f 28 20 28t >«5 36 »9 tl8j 21 Viriat. Eaft. 7 26i 10 33 From the Ftiemlly IQcs to Ota- heite. Latitude Longitude V;,Ut. South. Eaft. Eaft. '777- ' ' ■ July 18 22 lli ■ 8{ 10 10 '9 186 9i 8 42 20 22 28 186 41 21 22 59i 187 3 22 »4 4 187 j9 *3 14 50 189 41 »4 2J 23 191 19 »5 26 Hi 26 Jl| 192 21 8 47 26 '93 46 *z '94 45 7 51 .. 28 27 36 ik 7 '95 55 8 13 »s '97 " . 30 as 6 198 j5 A ^' »7 53 200 37 Aug. I 17 49 20a ii4 7 44 2 27 28 203 50 7 » 3 n 43} 204 4 »7 33i 26 51 205 35 5 206 29 6 ^5 53} 207 40 7 25 9 208 ;8 7 37i 8 »3 56 210 174 7 »« 9 '3 7i 210 44 10 21 12 211 12 II \r.t' ill 43 12 Fpim the Society Ides to Chrill- ntas Idand. Time. Ldtlludv Longitude V.„.it. ;outh. Eaft. Eaft. I'J"- « < « 1 1 Dec. ? ' 5 4»^ 207 41 5 45 ic '4 3» 207 34 5 35 II '3 45 207 7 200 20 12 '3 ' J 21 '3 12 17 aoj j8 Time. '777 Dec. 14 11 Latitude Soulh. 3 59 S] ii\ 6 24 '9| 4 S wicb Ides. Tihie Latitu.ic L.oiigitH<:? V ariat. North. Eaft. Ea».' 1778. ' ' 9 • Jan. 2 2 27 202 36 3 3 " 202 3J 4 4 8 202 4J 1 4 56 203 548 203 12 5 5» • I 6 43 203 J4 7 45 20; 6 4« 9| 8 12 20J 12 <»47 10 9 30 20; "I'o 44 20449 12 12 17 204 14 '3i'4 '« »03 3 '4 If 58 202 8 '5 '7 40 201 29 16 19 oi 200 58 '7 20 2r 200 38 r8 21 I2i 200 41 '9 21 joi 200 39 From Sandwich Tfln to Kinf GeorgeN or Nootka Sound, on the Weft Coatt of Ame^ fitia. Tiro*. Latitude Longitude Variat.. North. Eaft. Eaft. lll\ ' 9 199 30 9 3 23 I '99 37 4 24 31 199 26 11 tt 5 it> Tt "99 44 6 »7 4ii 200 19 7 28 56 200 6 12 to 8 30 18 201 3 9 30 59, 202 ; '3 59 . 10 3' I'i 203 14 II 30 j8 20J 22 200 19 ;-t2 30 IJ >3 3' *' 206 '4 3» 35 2o; J9 II 4 '5 32 29 20J 24 16 33 47 20J 24 \l 34 56 20J 24 36 13, 105 59 •3 <» '9 31 »5' 206 i£ 16 42 ii i n:i &5« — • - " • • • • Cttpt. C O'O R^^i 1^ O' Y A G E i CO M'P^L"E>r £*■ Time. Lit. North* Lon*. ^J^\o t • > 107 }i 10941 40 18* 111 14 4. 6^ 1I4W 4' 4+i 117 IP \l 4. 3"4 43 '7 43 4* no 11 11T16 "4 55 44 'l\ 116 11 Mir. r 44 49 218 1 44 54, itS 14 44 3»I 119 7 13' 8 44 5 ♦3 45 131 45 « 44 'o 134 10 I 44 J3 4* »7l »3* »8 »3f " 9 43 55 «3*44 10 43 40 »34 47 II 43 44 •35 »> r2 43 6 135 «3 4» 47 >33 »7 •4 « '7, »33 43 »5 42 4<'i »3' 45 i6 ♦* i »3» 45 «7 43 5'', J33 5» |8 +4 50! 134 8 >9 44 56, »33 5" to 45 30* »34 6 11 45 5' 234 8 12 47 »3 »35 5 »3 47 56 134 '7 a4 48 30 »34 7 ^ »? 232 41 " 16 +8 2ii 232 28 »7 47 5* 231 14 1848 ?6 232 I2_ »9 49 »9^»33 »6M 30 49 36 1 133 18 1 IT J« '* 59 10 jj 10 17 ■ 849J •7 3*1 '7 43 '7 5* |6 4'I 19 17 Froiii King George's or Nixuki Scuml to Prince Williim's, a- long the WcAem coaft of Ame- rica. Time. North. "^i: Variat. Eaft. 1778. V t / a ' Aj.r.27 49 39 »3< 3' 3H 50 I 229 16 »9 5' 54, 226 J4 .. 30 53 i»i "5 '4 21 II May 1 54 43 "4 44 24 19 2 j6 50 214 3 511 '7 222 14 4 ;8 12 220 4C no j8 14 'I 5 5« 40 16 II 6 59 «, 220 19 13 10 I 59 »7l 119 7 14 16 59 ". 117 41 9 59 3'l 117 " 47 10 59 5' »'? i^] If 59 3i 61 II lis 11 »7 35 It 113 18 «3 6049 iij 7 «4 60 19 113 7 F1A19 Prince William't Sound to Cook's Riwr, alonj the Wef- tem Coall of America. _. Lat. Long ^'"*- North. Kaft. JO^K til iii III 11 III 40 no 6 108 41 to8 47 107 59 207 39 too ;o 107 10 07 14 107 }6 108 } to8 4J »4 »3 37 »J 4» Variat. Kalt. Jiiae 161 {M'09 Ftoffl Cock'* Hint to Simgt- nooAs Haibonr, in tbe Mind OomhAiluL Ut. '1 imc. North. •77«. » Jnoeio 57 10 11 '7 5, 11 57 3i »* 49 1] '4 56 m ;i 56 2J 56 5 \i 55 33 55 »5 1955 '8 »0 54 44 tt 54 ni 11 5J 5'. »3 53 3At »4 54 '3 n \ut 11 53 5'i 53 ^5 Long, EaftT Variat. Eaft. • 1 « 1 107 i; »07 33 106 11 toj 49 105 17 101 51 10 31 101 10 too 48 10 11 aoo 41 199 16 '97 »9 '97 " 11 31 196 34 •95 50 '95 '4 '94 59 194 1 '93 35 •93 »8 From Samganoodha Bay to Brii- lol Ray.alongthe WcliemC'oaft of America. Time. .,7». July 2 3 4 55 9 to II 12 '3 '4 '( 16 I" If I Ut. North 54 '9 , 49t ?6 30 57 6! 57 '6. )7 49 J 58 i«i 58 o ;8 I2| 58 '3I ;8 12 ;3 21 {8 28 5» 54 59 '7 30 Long Eaif! 9*59 '93 33 '95 »4 '97 5 19S 43 199 36 200 16 200 48 201 42 100 39 200 34 200 33 '99 o 198 j6 198 39 '97 46 '97 JJ '97 36 '97 45 Variat. Kaft. »6 13 11 49 21 31 From Rriltol Bay to Norton iiound, on the Wellern Coall of America. Time. '77* July 13 »4 »5 Lat. I'ong. Variat. North. Eall. Eaft. o 58 43 58 7 196 4j '94 " 58 2j4 191 13 Aug. 16,58 37 2759 II »8159 55 i960 11 30I60 21 3161 II 6> 57 i 61 JJ 61 34 63 53 64 30 64 39 .6448 8 6j o 6{ 36 66 J ~. Lat. I Lone. ""*• Noith.l Eaft. ,77».l' • • ' 'Joae jUt J l»o7 4f 857 5»i|«>7.54 9J1 4* l«>7 39 Vuutl Eaft. Sept. •4 «{ 16 '7 18 1970 ioIto 11 22 »3 »4 «5 16 II *9 30 3' I I 3 4 7 28 8 ii 1,'9' ' ■'["» '"} '9' " ■ l|66 32t'i92 o •94 33 '93 ' '93 4' '97 35 '9* ^^ 196 32 196 9 '95 48 191 36 •90 J7 190 o •87 35 188 II 189 22 190 47 •9' 44 191 10 •94 o •93 48 ■93 ■ 192 4* 192 30 191 42 ■ 89 ij 9 18 40 8 69 57 o 33 70 44 o ^ 3* 69 334 69 30 69 38 69 33* P 49, 68 3ii 68 6 67 30 nu' . 64 38i 94 4» 194 20 190 23 187 30 84 o ■83 30 ■ 82 40 181 26 18: 31 :8J39 187 I J 189 to .89 J 188 IJ ■89 57 ■93 3a 17 *a 30 4^, «7 'Si 35 3» 35 ■ 3' J " 44 23 to ij jfi *7 57 1 «4 « iS 53 Time. Ut. North, o ■ 64 16 64 34^ 6433 Long. Ealf. o to 3 ■97 41 «#7 30 196 Variat. Fn«. »5 59 From Norton Sound to the Ifland ofConalafhlca. Time. North. I..0DK. Ealf. Eaft. 1778. ' ' oc,...^ 64 10 198 30 ''3 37 '97 45 196 12 '963 43 10 63 37 191 12 22 23 11 6> 58 19017 1K9 11 61 45 t »3 60 Hi 187 30 »4 59 '74 189 J »5 ?« 3' 190 Jl 26 V8 36^ 189 IJ . »7 1* 36 189 43 1858 t 190 28 iq 57 191 1 30 56 30 192 JO Oft. 1 55 »9, '93 1 54 >! 192 27 3 53 59 '9 59 From Oonalalhka to' Sandwich Time. Lat. Long. North. Eaft. \'ariat. Eaft. ^■l 54 8 « ( '9 59 53 59, 19 53 5»{ 191 41 30 S3 45, ^. 3' ?> >i 194 56 196 2 Nov. I 49 5 J 2 4S 31 '9'' '0 3 4I ■ 198 18 4 45 44i 199 51 5 44 3'. 200 36 6 4» »9i 201 27 17 IJ I 41 10 202 2 40 38 202 17 202 36 '€ 5 9 39 36 10 39 '0 203 16 II ,« 38 20; 12 38 14 206 17 ■3 36 6 206 33 .^ 34 39 106 46 ■5 33 33 206 57 16 32 47 206 57 '• 57 \l 32 26 206 Jl 3* 41 to' Jl io«44 ><, 32 17 10 30 13 10? 51 11 '7 53 206 28 12 .6i7{ 206 15 »3 »4 49 206 »4 11 36 205 30 «5 10 S7i 204 38 16 10 s: 103 t8 ' From Sandwich Iflet to the Bay of St. PMer and Paul in Kamt- fehatka. t Time. Lat. North. Long. Ealf Variat. '779- ' u Mtr.iJ »' 47 '99 37 16 21 27 198 JO ;i ti 18 '97 > 11 12 '95 i6 10 4 >9 11 II '94 »8 9 10 to 10 jt •93 " II 30} 11 10 37 191 13 II 26 t2 20 27 190 44 ! • *3 • 9 5« 1 88 12 II 51 »4 19 j6 i36 ' «? 19 58 184 12 II 14 16 •9 48, 183 9 \l •9 49t to 6 182 29 181 13 It 8 »9 to t6 I So J9 30 20 ZI 180 tf , V 20 3J »79 47 Apr. . 11 14 '79 3' II 11 ; 1 22 36 '77 »o 8 «4 3«i •75 »' 4 26 11 '73 36 5 «8 33 '7' 47 6 30 '3, 170 13 I 30 bi 168 IJ 3» i9 167 4 9 9 Time. •779 Apr. 9 10 t ! >3 1440 •54' 1(142 11 12 »3 M »5 26 Lat. Long. Variat. North. Eall. Eiift. 1948 io|49 50 5' i' P S* 5» 5» 16 3oi 3" 10 30 53 ?tl 18 9 40 48 J5i 3» 11 30 40 35 45 45 166 39 166 o i6j 30 '64 34 163 20 162 13 160 42 '59 4» 160 n 160 48 161 14 161 30 161 48 i6o 7 '59 37 '59 40 '59 30 '59 43 '59 43 160 o 6 to 9 3jf From the Bay of St. Peter an4 Paul toward the North, aid back to that Place. Time. Lat. North '779' June 17 18 '9 lu SI 12 Jl 46 ;» 39 53 59 »3 '4% 54 Si\ *! K^ 5648 57 ", 58 i9i 1J59 8 26 j9 »7 >7 59 5» 2861 56 2961 4 3061 49 July I 61 10 262 38 363 35 464 13 56J 41 667 o 768 22 869 2J 969 II • 068 I 1167 Jl 1268 41 13 69 19 '469 37 I J 69 36 1669 55 1769 JJ 18 70 10 1970 II $9 37 69 37 69 27 14,6% 51 2 J 68 38 1667 j9 2767 47 i960 JO 3066 20 3» Long. Eaft. 10 11 a» »3 Aug. •59 ■' '59 41 161 17 162 48 63 42 164 4 J •'5 47 167 2U 168 16 170 46 '75 44 176 2 178 24 180 17 181 13 i8t 49 186 J7 188 ji 18947 191 24 192 18 '92 39 188 J4 188 JO 189 21 189 o 188 10 189 4 190 17 '93 7 '95 '4 196 18 ■97 4 •95 ■ •93 7 188 35 187 29 ■84 37 190 1 188 27 188 27 189 46 190 51 iqi 20 \ ariat. Ealt. it f 7 59i 8 59 '3i«i 13 10 13 3» 17 19 26 JJ 27 tt 21 39 29 28 »7 J« 26 JO 35 37 31 20 28 59 11 4t 6j J 1189 to 64 ij4 189 45 6+ «4 5 I 4W4 o 62 18 £60 47 759 35 859 5 9^58 49 j8 16 IJ2I 55 *3 54 50 54 10 53 48 {2 38 19)52 3« 53 7 53 45 3 5* 46 '4l5» 5« 18957 ■ 89 16 188 II 186 I 18431 183 30 I So 4: if* «8 171 4> 71 46 170 50 171 »6 171 14 170 40 168 19 167 JO 165 II 162 40 161 38 160 36 160 10 '58 43 M JtJ '9 41 »4 Ji It ts |«« 34 II II 9 55 6 16 6 It ; 6ie4 .'V 1^ ■ m m m \ rTi \ i mg 1 J Zf: Varial. Eiift. • '»~" *' > 39 ) o 30 34 10 » '3 > 4» ) 4» 6 20 > 048 > »4 1 30 9 3)} I ♦« ° 7 9 37 9 40 •' 9 3» 9 43 9 43 St. Peter an4 ! Narib, aid acr. ^ng. \ ariai. KM. Kaft. ^ U 1 59 " 7 59* 9 4» I 17 859 Si 48 i3 4i b+49 tj 47 67 20 13 ii-l 68 16 13 10 7046 75 44 '3 3« 7? ' 17 19 JH 24 80 17 81 13 81 49 8657 88 51 26 5) 8947 91 24 191 18 27 2« ■9» 39 II 39 a9 211 ■ 88 J4 188 50 189 11 «7 J« ■ 89 i»8 10 26 JO .89 4 190 17 '93 7 '95 '4 35 37 196 18 31 20 '97 4 28 S9 «9i ' "13 7 188 }( 187 1, •8«37 190 1 21 4t 188 27 188 27 189 46 '9» 5» 191 10 189 10 n tt\ 189 45 '9 47 24 J» 189 57 .8.26 18S II 186' I 184 3« 183 30 lllf 1I04: :5;'-.S 171 4> •• 34 .7>46 II 11 170 50 171 »6 171 14 170 40 168 19 9 JI 167 50 16; ai 16a 40 t6i 38 160 36 6 t« 160 10 6 12 '$«43 6ac4 3 s • ' COOK'S THIRD and LAST VOYAGE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN. &c. 653 From the Biv of St. Feter and 1 St. Paul, to Macao, iiv China. 1 Time. Lai. Lo.,. Variat. North. Eaft. Eaft. Ok'^r^ i • 5* 3> 15837 i 1 6 2oi II 5» J ijl 30 6 3 la 5« • IJ647 J '7 IJ »t? 4 49 U •55 30 '1 4tf JI « »7 •55 »o 5 '4 ft '55 «3 4 J9 W 44 2* '53 47 15a 46 ♦ 54 «9 44 '5 150 36 to 43 47 IfO 24 «i 4» 40 149 ao 148 ai 40 J9 a 27 »3 40 35 4048 i4« 39 49 »4 '45 30 • 2? 40 25 '44 » t6 39 «e| 38 «j 142 aj '5 .'i '+* I ' '3 14a 6 « "7 »9 37 45 3641 141 JO JO 142 J r «o ,, 3> 3f 3J '42 3 Not. I 35 '7 141 29 ♦ ♦» a 35 43 J6 29 141 If '4448 3 ► 4 35 481 '46 33 3 'i. I 35 '5 '47 '8 a J81 35 ' ■47 »8 148 40 3 59 I 33 50 33 6 '4845 9 31 46 146^? to 30 4a '45 »o Time. Ut. North "a: Variat. Eaft. '779- <> ( « ' Nov. II 29 7 »7 3* ■ 44 20 12 '44 26 '3 •5 59, '43 27 3 49 '4 »4 J*i 14a 9 2 49 •5 24 49 141 IJ 2 57, 16 »5 7 '39 2 ' 49t \i »4 45 '37 56 » '5 »3 45 •35 J6 >9 22 47 '33 22 20 " 1 21 26 13' '5 I o| if 21 129 3 32 20 48 126 30 '23 38 23 2t 10 »4 II 29 122 24 »J 2' 35 121 24 26 21 12 120 12 0]E M »' 5 118 22 20 42 116 42 »9»» 58 J "5 54 ^ 30 2« 57 "4 9 Dec. I 222 8 1 "3 43 L32W From Macao, in China, to the Cape of Good Hope. Time. Lat. North. Long EaC Variat. Weft. 1780. 9 • » ' » » Jan. 13 14 20 34 "3 53 '5 >8 30 9 26JE •• 47 ( " Time. 1 Lit. Long, Variat """^" I .Siiuih. Kail. Weft. 1780. » » » 1 s 1 Mar. 11 20 49 69 22 12 12 6 8 57.. ■ 1 21 a8 .67 2 «4 22 2 6458 II 22 37 62 j6 »3 '3 61 28 \l 24 '4 59 S3 58 50 . 25 9 19. 4 '9 26 7 '36 j6 40 20 54 48 ai Tl 5» 35 a2 49 47 *i 28 26! 46 30 24 29 6 4J 40 25 *9 39 41 2. 27i 26 JO 26 38 47 *2 3' 3 37 20 aS 3' 42 35 '9 29 3' 24 34 20 3° 3' «> 33 30 . 3' 31 20 32 10 2$ 31 y\pr. 1 32 n 30 37 2 33 24 28 J7 3 34 24 26 12 4 3; 23 24 4 1 3<5 '3 22 17 6135 49 21 41 I 35 «4 20 37 34 57 20 21 9 35 7 19 JO 10 34 3' iH 40 II 34 36 18 20 A correA TABLE, flicwing the Variations of the Compafs, as obferved in Captain Cook's Third Voyage, during his Paflago from England to the Cafe of Good Hofe. I77«. Latitnde. Longitude. Variation. Time. e Juir 9 » 12 4 .,- - 'L*. At anchor in the RoadofSt.Cruz inTenerifle. 9 Auguft > V > 9 > O Septcwbtt 1 > * Evening Ditto Morning Ditto Evening Ditto Ditto Ditto Morning Evening Morning Evening Ditto Ditto Morning Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Evening Morning Ditto Evening Moraing Ditto Evening Moming Evening Ditto Ditto Morning Evening Motning Evening Momii^ Ditto Evcoiqg Moming Evening Moining Evaniag Morning Evening Morning Evening 1776. I Latitude. Longitude, O D « O 9 September 9 10 II la •3 '4 '5 t6 '7 18 20 22 23 24 »5 29 30 y OAobei a ? 4 V * d* 10 •J 2 s° 843 9 • 9 35 10 4 11 I la 40 '3 23 14 II '4 47 16 iz 16 J8 17 40 18 30 20 8 ?o 46 21 37 22 17 »S 54 26 47 27 '4 28 19 28 36 ! 29 12 29 29 30 4 30 2J 33 43 33 48 33 $6 34 '6 34 '6 34 45. Amp 35 37, 35 35 1 35 49 35 '9 33 48 34 '4 34 '4 34 29 34 19 34 '9 34 '9 34 18 34 2 34 4 34 16 34 20 34 J5 35 8 35 26 35 49 35 50 35 42 35 4' 34 37 33 SS 33 26 32 35 3' 5' 3> 5W. 29 J9 29 21 28 8 27 30 16 JO .6 7 ij 28 12 o 10 2 8 J8 itude. 9 4 9 '2 Varfation. I Time. 8 49 35 30 35 '7 3; 39 34 57 Amplitude 7 4S 7 35 7 5 8 40 E. N(V.to* At the Cape of Goo4 Hope, ^ 8 C o O M W. O I2}W, o o o 40'W, o 6>. E, o o o I I I 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 a I I o o i 4 4J| 4 4j| i8|E' 61 E. 4.1 E. 40iE. '6iE. 8 E. 20 E. 23* E. 3o|e. II E. '6i 2 43^; 44- 33 32 16 5 »3i ' 31 iE, 10 30 3' jojE. 46 W. i '34 32 5» 12 4 'i j6 '9 26i 21 32 Morning Ditto Evening Moming Evening Morning Ditto Ev.-^ning Moming Ev. ampl. Morning Evening Morning Evening Moming Ditto Evening Morning Evening Ditto Moming Evening Moraing Ditto Evening Morning Evening Moming Evening Moming ' Evening Moming Evening Moming Evening Ditto Morning Evening Moming Evening Ditto_ Morning Evening Ditto _ Moraing Evening Onboard Onfliofs CON- 654 Capt. COOK'S VOYAGES COMPLETE. \'Mv 1 CONCLUDING REMARKS by the Editor. IN order to tofiVi^e our (bbfcrlbers ahd i\it (yiiblic of the juft preference dac to this new and complete t^ollection of Captain Cook's Voyages, 6cc. round ,the Wiirl J, and how unrefirrvedly they ma^ depci^d on the punc'lual execution of the Publifhef'i oth^r periodical publications, on' various ufcful anil intercniOg fubjecls, It will be niccffarv to make a iew rertiarkar on the im- pcrfe(ftionsmofl iparingly confpicuoils in moft Works of the kind ; and alfo to point out xhk peculiar ufcful' in- formation, and important improvements, with which this ^'cmiine Edition of Cook's celebrated voya^s abound; whereby wc flatter ourfclves, the unpreju- diced, and dilintercfted, whofc delight may be to em- ploy their hotirs of Icifure in the attainment of fub- hantial knowledge, will not withhold from our fevemi undertakings, and laborious endeavours to pleafb, that encouragement they may be thought juftly to dcfcrvc. It has been too common a pradicc of late, to uflicr periodical publications into the world with a gixid np- (learance at firft, and, in the courfc of their execution, to fall off from their origrnal perfedlion •, fo that when concluded, they cannot, properly fpcaking, for want of uniformity, and due order, be deemed complete and pcrfeift. We think, upon the whole, not one of our readers tran, with judice, chj^rge us with fuch dcfedts , and unfair artifices. The latter numbers of our week'y publications, arc, in general, equal ingoodnefsto rnc former; and the whole arc finiflied in fo regular, unifrrm, and complete a manner, as, of which we have bern re- peatedly afTured. anfwer tlie wiihcs both of tbj pub- lilher and readers, by doing credit to the one, .r, on the other hand, they have been mere abride- inentt, being contradled in too confined a compafs, and fo mutilated, and frivolous, as fcarcely to dcferve noricc. Now it has been our invariable aim, to ren- der every work that has been the object of oiir ftudy, tlic very be.'>, and mod perfedl of the kind. Wc dare not affront a difcerning and generous public in a fingle inftance, whereby they may have reafon to fay, our pro- mifcs have not been honourably performed. Wc have alwayi given full fcope to the neccir-iry copioufncfs and importance of the fubjedl ; while, at the fame time, it hu been our conftant endeavour to preferve a happy medium between the two extremes, by not extending our performances further than abfolute neceflity may require: thus difdaining to renounce our refpeft for ' the public, by promoting, unnecef&rily, the private in- ttreti of any ot the artins concerned in their external execution. One would think it muft be obvious to the moft cur- Tory reader, how artfully many recent publications have b^n pa(feA off in « very pompius manner by certain ^vcnturcn, in order to uke the advantage of credulity s notwithftanding ih^ kre ioo cbntemptible to come under the eye of critici'm, being void of excellenciea. and replete with errors, though offered Co the public on very extravagant tenns. Wth refptdt to thcfe j*rti. culdrs, we apprchehd the advantage! over all (imilar publications are much in out- favouir. Our plan* we have always endeavoured to render imprpvcd and ex- tehfive; Otar matertaU have jiot biitrt an indigefled , heap, put together w^hout judgment I not a jumble of , plamarifms and piracies, of vain conjeAurei, p»ltry I intemulation*. ridiculous fiippofitions, and palpable ; falfltlCT, out they arc a felcdt, judicious colleAion, e»- ; tradt'.d from the moA approved authors, foui^cd on the moft rcljiedlable authorities, and arranged with tie gr.-attft accuracy and care. Thisaothentic, and complete Cjllcdlion of Cfook's Voy.-tges, &c. Round the World, ' ij a real new undertaking, the refult of the niofl labo-' rious afliduity; and containing all the new improve. ncnts, and all the late difcoverics, made in every part of the globe; for, which we rcrs, to elucidate or decorate which required a particular at- tention. Here, with a degree of felf/atisfadion, we can appeal to the decilioif of public judgment, and leave the queftion to be determined by the unpreju- diced peers, whether, in any of our works pffcrcd to their confideration, and calculated for general ufe, ^e have cut them (hort, or mangled them by the pen bf ignorance, or fpun them out with a tedious prolixity, to anfwer private purpofes. In this work, every par- ticular circumftnnce worthy of notice has, been inclu- ded ; yet, though the narratives are circumllantial, it 'has been our lludy to render them entertaining, coin- prehenfivr, and intercfling. This work contains the whole of Captain Cook's Voyages complete, with all the fplendid folio copper-plates: fo that our readers have not been impofed upon by being prefented with a mutilated, imperfcd^, fpurious edition, a trif^'r;' abridgment, or a mere compendium. Wc a. ■ now naturally led to point out the irtiportant improvements, with which this edition of thde celehtascd voyat^s abounds, whereby its fuperiority over all other works of the like kind will evidently appear. Capuin Cook's (irft, fccond and third voyages, were undertaken by order of his prefent Malefty, for inak- ine difcovcries in the nortnem and rDiithcrn hemt- (pflcm,.and were fncceflively performed -iti a period, from the year 1 768, to 1 780, inclufive. The fii 11 voy- age was undertaken in His Majefty's (hip the Kndea- vouri for ttiaking difcovcries in the fouthcrn henii- fphere, and round the world. The Ibcond in the R*- folution I m^im R. i to come ;celleitcici. pMblic on Kfeokrti- all iimilar r plaits ue id ahd ex. indioefted jumble of rc|, pdltry palpable eAion, ex. bui^Jrd on ^ with tile d complete he World. niofl tabo.' improve- every pit 'riencM and only cor- ^nuine re. H-k the bcft enriched it tt the moft iVcIs, which hcdilicrcnt Cavcndilh, imbus. Mil. imond, Po- >lc, &c. tec. rs that have e have cxa. greatly for- llowed each' palpable er- p: and incor- : in and pal- I perTons, to r ignorantly d advertire- crfrdt publi. rancc. either from :rvile iiniu- •efline parts :\y others, to articular at- sfadion, we Igmenr, and :nc unprcju. s offered to icral ufe, f e Y the pen bf lus prolixity, , every par- been inclu- mOantiai, it ining, com. rontains the ete, with all our readers efenced with >, a trip--;' iVc a. ■ nov iprovements, fed voyages her works of Dyagf6, were y, Tor tn^ them hcml- ifi'R period, rhc fiiil voy- > the Endea- ithcrn henii- id in the K«r Iblution f^ COOK'i THIRD 4 LAST VOYAHE— To the PACIFIC OCEAN, «cc. 'i5 folution and Adventure, for mail wards the South Pole, and roundi third and laO, in the Refblution ani Pacific Ocean, but, princiwillv, to tion and extent of the wcft.ride of difiance from Alia t and the pi weft paflagc into the Atlantic, follow the cxadt refearchet of thii Who& difcbveries htfve far cxccedc deceuort, has been our arduoui to point out the obvious imperfd tibns whlcK include only a unul b'rated Commander; his three d immediately connc(^ together,! references from one to another, v fatisfa^lorv idea of his valuable! iiqt read nis firft, fecond, and order in which they were pcrfori thefc roafons we thou^t it oui give an accurate relation, and hiftory of the wtiole of iQiptsi whkh we have added genuine of other remarkable voyages i taken and performed by Ei;^ under the lanflion of governrc of rendering this work in ever our propofals, we have incorpi ted a faithful relation difcoveries to- le world. The ifcovcry, to the ermine the pofi> :h America! its ility of a north- to curope. To inent navigator, fe of all his pre- k is unneccflary ins of all publica. age of ttiia cele- t voyages are fo cowing to frequent pcrfon can wnn a coverics, who does ird voyages, in the ' and written. For ifpenfablc duty to record an authentic Cook's voyages t to coinplate narratives d the world, under- Ih circumnavigators, . And with a vieu fpeUt confarinable to markable and impor- lavc been undertaken, juarters of the worlds ve already mentioned, :ti, Keyfler, Thicknefs, Ton, Smollet, Moore, of the fubftancc of all the mo( tant Travels and Journeys, whii at different times, to the fou particularly, befides what we thofe of Burnet, Addifon, Bai Twifs, Bridone, Chandler, J Wraxall, &c. ,! • In the geographical part of (ij^tain Ciook's voyages, we have availed ourfelves of the la|purs,and made a frecufc ofthedifcoveriesof thole emiolit writers, as may plainly be feen in our defcritotions owe fcvetal i Hands in the Atlantic, Southern, racific.sid Indian feas] conuin- ing an hiftorical relation, unto be found in any pub- lication of the like kind. Vithorough knowledge of the iflands and harboun, wk|k (hips may fafcly repair fur refrefliments, and otheraurpofcs, is of the utmoft confequencc to navigators iiftheir purfuit of difcove. ries : and geography has a ff uliar claim to the atten- tion of mankind in general, feeing this ufeful fciencc difplays to our view, in the mod entertaining manncri a general knOwl^ge of the world. To promote which, to the obfervar.ions of fonner travellers, noticed abovci wo have added very recent difcoveries made by tholb celebrated circumnavigators, whofe entertaining and ufeful voyagef employ part of this work, viz. B} ron, Wailis, Ganerct, Mulgrave, Anfim. &c. In the altrbnomical and nautical parts of this work, we have not tired the patience of our readers, with ufelefs computations, trifling fuppofitions, and dry fets of folar and lunar obfervation i yet we have not failed, in any oife inftance, to give the refultof thefe ; and we have likewilfe accurate^ marked latitude, longitude, dates, time, tides, fituation, diflance, and bearings, both . of places and of the (hip. This work may be c»n(t- dered as a kind of univerfal hiftory ; but with refxifl to the ftyJe, we have preferved that of our journals, as thofe would naturally do, who are not unacquainted I with the principles of'^navigation, and maritime affairs. As to the hiftorical and defcriptive pm of this work of labour, they comprehend a particular, fuU, ac- curate, circumftantial, and entertaining account ot continenu, iflands, feas, oceans, ftraits, rivers, harbours, promontories, bays, &c. Sec. together with a ufeful and diverting defcriptive relation of the natives, or inhabi- tants, their fituation, extent, boundaries, limits, foil, natural and artificial curiofities, and productions: their laws, religion, cuftoms, manners, genius, arts, temprs, difpomions, amufements, language, fliap, ftatun, drefs, virtues, and vices; their govermenu, principlities, (itles of diftindion, and Angular cere- monies at births, marriages, and funerals, &c. &c. in* eluding alfo the natural niftory of birds, beffts, Afhes» reptiles, infecls, and vo^etable produdUons, found in the hitherto unexplored regions of the world. And among the greateft variety of the moft interefling tranfaioions, we have given a &ithful narrative of the extraordinary life and unfortunate death of that brave Commander, Captain Cook; in which, as alfo in our account of Captain Clerke's death, our readers will find feveral particulars never before made known to the public. Of that public, and our friendly fubfcri- bers, we now take leave, with the pleating bopy, that they will maturely confider the above remarks, bring them to the left of truth, and give merit the preference upn every occafion. . F I ^ I S. CONSENTS of this WORK. CAPTAIN Cod's Firft Voyage Captain Cooks Second Voyage Captain Cook's TJi|rd and Laft Voyage Byron's Voyage Wallis's Voyage Carteret's Voyage Lord Mulgravt's Vo)^ge Lord Anion's Voyagt - . >y , ■ Sir Francis Drake's Voyages - • Conclnfion - - - * I ' Diredions to the Binder - i Lift of Stibfcribers 1 - - ' - Page S ■ 08 399 ai5» 252 275 315 336 37» 65+ 656 657 N. B. In writing the Hiltckies of the above very valoaUe and celebrated Voyages round the World, 8cc. the Editor has not only carefully incorporated all the important Difcoveries made by other Voyagers and Circum- navigators, but has alfo included the SubAance of the jnoft remarkable Travels to difierent ?ut» of tlie WorM, The whole now re.puhlifhing with all the Cq>pr-plates, in only 80 Sixpnny Numbers : me or more of which may be had at a Time, at the Option of Purcharen^or the Whole handfomely bound in Ca)f and letteied, complete in one large Volume, Price jC^ ^ o 4 DIRECTIONS tamnmimtk 1 iiiirrtmMij- 1 -fiTili . DIRECTTOKS to th^ ,B 0,K B I ^ D E P, For PfaKmg- tiM E L EGA-NT G O P R fi R>P L A T E ft fcriwigim i> ANDERSON'stolioEiditionof^ CdOk's VOYAC5ES,&c;Com^ I; Set Hai«t,»hichCipud«CMkiatt wiib iaUtTUMi Voyite 581. Chart of dwStadwichlllMdi J*9H <. View of ChriftfflM Harbour, with the maaoer .of KiUlBf Iwh guiiu, Ac. a;tf<; PbrtraiMofiMuaiid W(a«iMflf RiMtfthUkli u^ i.\Sj]u 4. A Man of IC*aM<(k«A»ln« The lobabitaau of Norton 8ouQd,M>*">rSeaOtdwMI««Kl|M»0(«d-«a4*MaiioflkeSitftd- wich Jflaodi, Daacrog I — - — — 60 c« Chart of Norton SodnoaitdBeerlng'i Strait — r6fi^ 9. n>ttnitioraM»— ihdWoiMn'orihfeStmfwkhiaarid* ' tkU AninhildVtawinAMai ~-« -^ ii,^ 10. Rcpicpow,jMO^ahin Cook •iftMjtOUo .Viffti |of Sit thulei taander'i idand. te. •— 40. ,yiawien the vqait ofKiiAtfohaika —— '%ialti of a '\&-iiM WoMM'ar Niw ZtiUkl 4rA PMM^tOf a Maao-iM WMMiiof J4«w Caledonia 'Wc««FS«||>kaf:IA»i»d ;. ■ _ ; r— , 6*1« tnHqnouroftbetbig'iSoo 465 — ' ' ' 'od^Tn fli^wiZmlwi4,ai afpeciflwn «fi,tht QaQiagfifuiat ,• Countrv.&c. j ' ' . • 4J5- " viesv ofKa^akooa.inOwhjrhee ' (71,, /t^; Vi«winth«II1aMofHu>heine, <(c. 4o> Viewofi^Iafideofa Winter Habitation iaKam cr ika 6}9,^ Viewoft^aldflndp^Oiflieite, witkfwcnt Veffda ,■• .i||.> tolidebf thcHoufe in lhe^4qrakin, Atooi— aiMlCamic*, lof Oi»». Ulhka .. . . -I rr- ... >r-\r^. ^^^ Terreoboo KingUTOIvlJJrhtt, wthaihg ncTeMi toCafHtOMt'; View of an Arflied Rock on the CoaR of NiNr Zeawid, ta ' n> The Surrender of the Ifland of Otaheite to Captain Wallii 481. A Chief and oiher Nativcsof Otaheite, vifitingCapt. Cook 15 View of a Forti&ed Town or Village, called a Hippah ' 4^ Rrniatkable Animal found on one of the Hope IDaadi— and the . .VatuotManoMMo ..... _i . 61 View of the Town and Harboor of St. Peter and St. Paul 634 A Woman and Boy of Patagonia in South America I'J'I View of Saog (>fKrC>v«Lin PiJKyVilliam'i Sound ;4]' General Ourt ejtiibiiine lie DUco^riei madk by Captain O in hit Flift, Stciihd, lUrd, and liift Voyagei ;.. ji. Deathof Captain Tamea Cook 1 J87- ' Chart* of the N. W.Coaft of America— and N. G. Coaftof Afia 563. tS. A larger View of that Celebiated Natural Curiofity the Perforated Rock, in New Zealand 4^. ' ThfcDelire in It dangeroui Sunn near the Strait* of MageUen 340 »9, View at Anamooka 1 ■ 447-i The Succeff wecbed on a Rock at tJmata 34;.. m.' ReprefentttioBora War Canoe of New Zealand t-j^ Capt. Wallia in converfation with Oberea the Qu. of Otaheite xS;.^ View ofMauvat-Bay in Otaheite - 13;^ BougainviUe hoifting French Colonn in Magellan Stiaita a3Q- ' Poftraitt of a Man— and Woman of Tanna 171- QhartoftheFriendljr lOanda _ — — 47 49- SO. I f$.. i 53' 54- 5!' 5t- 58. J9- t{2 SS^f^'vSj'SHjd^^ AToupap6w,wtthaC'orP«mu ^ ' ■ ' 1^(>deofI)ii«tiogfaiUUi Otabdt* Pprftaltr br ONMfdec mi dtabo CctMUEIfbr titaUlM oi«ih««tOc»K M MmAU ! ' ViewMtlklflaadorRotieidam >i . Vafmiek de Oa«a introduced to the Zanpno of (^^tta lie Landing of Captain Cook, at Middlcbufgjh View ^ae South Side of Adwmdte Bay ->— Nativet of Oonaknka, and their HabitMoot GooaaloPiaarra,M)eailf ^^* < i ' < BegnneUevouu v/Ko ^trojl throtianCnina View of^ni^^hHiie • 1 ■ ' Draughlof Bonlhain Bay ^-^ The badingor CadUin Cook atjltaww , ,. Chert of Cook't Sttaitii? New Zei^m .., ,. 1, , , , r- ; , View in the Ifliiidof Pliie. ^T^ " " ^" ' ■'^['■[ " ro i^ TVAeetorotMjilt^aaiilMeatrOilafi^' 'J^' *> ^VA ^ View eflheRiNeHatfe.andC!ai«ab,ladcledinitkpIec ■■'ti'-^.r^ View Qfa Faitocika. a ^uryiagPnce in Aiqiterdwv Vuvi , 4°*-- Pbttraiti of a Man, M^ohtan.ajndCUld, olT Van|>ienien'i iJind 4«4 " Tbelntetview bet«<«nCMrimodoiM)^ftaandlhfeNu|aoi«ii aia .~ not-" 4»4- i54~ 5V J'' J3< my I ^, AcOflering bifoic Capt. Cliok at one of tM Sandwich Iflanda {70 , The Engagement of the Centuriep and Acapuko off Cape £!• - piritu Santo " 364 34.' View of theJfabitatiow in Nootkajoond {39-, — " Vuf of Kerguelen'i Land " 1 1 410 jf^ yipv of Monuntnti, &c. in EaAer Ifland r^i- , Aft<^g Interview of two Mobito Men on die Ifland Juan Fer- i6^ ratraiti of a Man— and V/oman of Eafter Iflaivd \ CKtt of Van Dijteen'i Land ~ ^ «7. Portiaiuof aMan— and WomanofSta. Chriflina I Vjcwa of SandfvitkfUMi, ' •~" '-^ j?...R)tti»iti QfaAf^o— a^Wom«|iof.9hf^Sp> Sound , 343«. •4I> 4»f~ •48,> 59«* if*r PMtiaiti oT Ootoo. Kiag of Otahei» aid ^Tpiiii-Mai 6ek fVitW in PolMipn Bay, if ,)he |i;^pf South G^srgiai , , 1 Pbii of Stucorff .Kv, and a .Chart of T^ta Pf 1 Fuego Ci. Viewofdiei'-eMendi —'■>■ ■ — , ' < ViewiaChiriAinaa'Soond.TierraDdFol«a|»r-"> «• 6x. A Night Danee Iky Men in Haface .".Iff < Three Views of an Arched Point on Kergnden's Lmd Views of the Idnd on the Well Coaft of America Yhe Grand Seignior, in an Elegant Turkifli Habit Portraits of Potatow and Omai — •— JifaHHi<>r.Sl.Johtt.&c.... — -. -^... » View in the Ifland of New Caledonia •-» — The Rejoicings of the Mexicans — — Okattol therflamh>f Otaheil^ 1 y — ^ ^. Qttit of Capt. Ctrtciet** Difcoveriea^ New'Biiltia The k^ of a Houfe, in NoOlka Sound — • The Landing of Captain Cook, at Erramaaga MattvaiBayinOlabcife.&c. . ,,—,.. -,,•*" ValA of PIM of t(i« :M E. iidd bTfWa M rixgoi te. CM,of the Society Iflea , — , — . , ■^Bof tteBayir'Awitka '■' J- — V JUiIniM*'Wor - , Viewof the north Weft $ide of Maa^VoMM ANi^t Dance vf Women in Hapac* ' ,-r -*• Oait of Chrillnias Ifland — -• POMraiti of Dr. Hawkfworth— aadCap^ Kjag Chart of Queen Charlotte't Ifland* — . Three ViewiofdK Admiralty iae*,4kc. /; r^li^li View of the Coaft of Japan. '.."■. ,iT AFamByinDofltyWrrMeieZeday 01 . r^:^ ' North Side of the laigeA of QuegtCh«'9tte>lfle(id, *f. A Cl^and a Princi^ Womaitt/B4a. CbMiall Chart* and View* of Pitcaim't Ifland* •<•.. «: .. ^■rfanana — — — { Jfn View ofaHifipMb. in New Zealand 77 ,. .T* 69. 7»' 73- J4' 7J- 76. 78. 79- M~^JiUI^ti>i%J^aitmmAOM^tmrfUUiaiL>Cmitm>lt^tKlt^^ H;!ff#'iosTjni ij 1T0 : ^ LIST - n'i i^nd 4*4 -- liloniini aa» — • i.i. .• •■iJlt— — »«♦*-* - 4iHi~ lA +JO — — ITS— — 55«- -•^, »5 - D : a8j- 565- |h ■*7f~ 4J»- $»♦-- t '«, ,. • tgf — Hi- a3o>. ^ 167- r- $J-— A LIST te. ■LL M ■ 1 i ( L I S 1 of SUBSCRIBERS d THIS WORK, Bcins an unWerfally eneemed Publication, which hai been uniformly carried on from the Beeinning, and th« latter Numbers (agreeable to our Promife in the Propofals) delivered to tlie Sub- f^riberi as goodi^i every RefpeA as the First. LADY Abdey, Sickviliftrcet Mr. Richard Anderfm^ Woolwich Iter. Mr. Antrot>u8, Ntlkc? Whitby Mr. Michael Allen, Miiid'^UncWood-ftreet — John Abbot, Poplir f _ Valentine Anrchuit, wmirk-llfeel — Achroyd, LojiK-acre ^ — Thomai Annertey, Kn^-flrcet Ailwin, Charlea-flrer — Alderron, Camalty-ftttt — Adtffli, Bilhopfgate-wet — Adaim, King-ftrcct Robert Andn-ivi, Efq. liorlcfton Mr. Charlei Kdwattl, AMeen — Henry Appleman, Ciikpion-ftreet — Thomai Albon, Tollil-flreec — William Auftin, Bronky — Thomat Alkin, Ballourt — John Archer, Maze-blldingt _ Jorcph Allen, Brillol ■ Johr . Tho — tofrph Aldridae — Thomas Afptfti, LevQiaqi — George Henry Apthwp Major William Abin^oi.Cohhani Mr. Clark Arthar, I'ttrnval'sinn — William Allard, Bemondfey — John Allird, Rothenithe Mrs. Mary Alfop, Aylcb»ry-ftreet Mr. Robert ArmDronj;, Piiday-ftreet — Andrews, GrecnwiclJ — Thomas Afplin, GeA — Wm. Allifon, Hair-J*ffer, Pater-nofter- row — f. Atkinfon, Wych-trcet — Major Adye, Royal \rtillery — Ceo. Allen, Greenvidk B. Mr. Boto, Chatliam — Byfhop — John Balfour, John-Hi «t — Robert Bell, Narrow-i all. l^mbeth — Charles Berry, KingHjeet — William Byftn, Littltjihn ftreet — Jamei Bayley, GrayVinn-lane — J. Bromley, Excife Ofce — George Brocklehurfl, JIaffordflure — Bolton, Silver-Sreet ! — Brander, Minories — James Brown, Kirby-Ueet — Uacon, Temple i John Barker, Elq. ManfclUflreet Mr. Bowman, GrayVinn-bne — John Brookes, Martini-lane •— Brown, High Holborn , — Birch, Callle-flrcef — ^inbudffe, Tavlftockilieet — Bumftead, Fleet market: — Bartley — JorepbBigg, Haificld — lameaBaffil, Hatfield » — John Bloxeidjp, SaSronliiU — Charles Bridgman, Oock'head Rev. S. Brook, Colney-Haiiji Mr. Michael Bonner, l!ermoiidrey — William Baile}-. Alftruir, Cumberland — Jacob Brown, Greenwich — John Bomett, New Uo)-*!'* Cofree-houfe — Georce BcnMt, Goodman'a-yard — Thomas Brindky, Bromfton — Matthew Briggs, Bell-alUy — Benjamin Bourceau, Gremwlch — Jofeph Blackftuin, Wellt-ltreet Mrs. Baker, Church-ftreet .— Elizabeth Baker, ditto Mr. Henry Bradford, Stoke-D Abetnon — John Bacon, Dcptfoni — Thomas Browne — Richard Bamett, Minories — Bvwater, Round.!tield, Qambridge — John Beachum, Dcptford — Thomas Butler, Noel-ftreeC — Edward Barnard, Amcn-corner — Richard Brahenbury, New-inn — Bean, Camberwell — Butler, Coldthorp-mill — Briton, Chelfea — John Butler, Silver-llreet — Ricliard Brooker, Twickenham — Thomaa Baukh, jun. Idewotth — Benjamin Roggis, Warwick-llreet — Baylis, Greenwich — Abr. Kndriqucs Brandon, Jamei-caurt — Bircli, Foley Bridge — John Frederick Bufckey — William Bethell, St. MTartin-Ie-grand — Zachary Boceman, Derby Rev. V. L. Bernanl, Re^or of Frinton Mr. Bateman, I.eadenhaU-ftieet Mrs. Anne Baulyn Mr. John Bell, Orange-court Mrs. Catharine Blake, Canterbuiy Mr. Bjckhurll, Maidllone — Bamet, Maidftone — Beccking, Maidftone — Bilhop, ditto — B. Bottle, Hirrietfluun — Bailey, MaidAone — B. Bainflev, Woolwkh — Bottle, Woolwich Capt. Burilim, Royal Artillery Mr. Bingle Edward Barnard, Efq. Jiititr »/ lit JVrov ffiflny efEmilaiid c. Mr. Clegg, Heniietta-ftreet — R. CidUeinan, Camberwell — Corkett, Plymouth Lieut. Countefs, Royal Navy Mr. William Cooper, Wardour-ftreet — Jofeph Coventry, Chrift Hofpital — Alexander Cteugh, Ratdift-highway — Jofeph CordingKy, Tottenham-fttcet — Capper, Rathonne-place — George Chapman, Kotherhithe — S. Conder, Cheapfide — T. Conder, Falcon-fquare — Chapman, Iflington — Chapel, Newgate-ftreet — Daniel Comewell, St. Jamcs's-walk — John Cobb, Houndfditch — Countefs, Pumival's inn — GrifGn Cooper, Cow-crofs — Childrey, Leadenhall-market — Samuel Cooper, Bank — Compton, London- wall — James Connell, Dacre-ftreet — Thomas Chriftopher, Minorici —"Jacob Clements, Bow-lane — J. Crifpiii, Huton-flictt Ml. John Chtpauui, Dnkc-llvNt — Clark, Fenchurch-ftfNt — Chandler, Southwark — Thomu Crawler, Cobham — Henry Crawter. Bookhani ^ John Crowe, Half'Boon-lbMt — Chafier — Felice Chabran, Lambeth — William Cocki, Ruflel-ffatct — Clark, jun. Woolwidi — John Claplhue — Cook — Redmond Cowen, Hewet'i-court — Thomas Comport, Elthara- — Jpfrph Clark, Crutched-friara — Thomai Miichant Cadwallader, Kent — John Cone, Bafiiighall-ftieet — Jamei Churcher, Maid lane — Richard Crabb. Fcnchuich-fttcct — Conk, Hampflead — Chelton, Hampftcad — Clark, ditto — Connier, Batlerfea — William Collins, Pulnev Mrs. Clark, Caftle-ftitet Mr. S. Comptbn, Clapton, Mlddlefes — Michael Craifton, St. Maijuct'i-liill — Croker, Woolwich — Chcml, Dorchefter — Chyton, Reading Mn. Aifine De Cark, Stannte-flieet Mr. George Codling, jun. Swaffhaia — Edward Collis, — L. J. Cole, Taviftock-ftreet — John Lhrifty, Worcellerftre« ' — William Cockayne, Derby — Coufins, Chilliam, Kent Mrs. Elizabeth Chapman, Giavel-lan« Mr. ^ ox. Bow-lane — Richard Card, St. John's-ftreet — Coftin, Uxbridge — Cogger, Maidftone Major Congtave, Royal Attilkiy D. Mr. Elijah Donovan, Ghnvilk-fticet Thomai Dodge, Efq. one of hit Majcfly> Jnfticrt of Peace, Kxeter Mift Dean, White-lion-ftreet Mr. DaWes, .StianS — Dupie, Godileman-ftreet — Nathan Downer, Bifliopfgate — Thomas Druce, Newgate-ftreet — Day. Chilfel-ftreet — Henry Doughty, Charlet-fticet — Davey, Lawrence-lane — Daviei, Bermondfey-fquare — Dent, Charlotte-ftieet — C. D. Dede, Great Tower-hill • — Chriflant Dean, Duke ftiect — Edward Dadley, Dcane-ftieet — Thomas Dorey, Union-court Dunell. Efo. Southwark Pigault Deleponey, Efq; Knight of the Em- pire, Conful of his Imperial Majefty, and Mayor of Calais Mr. M'Donncll. Mount ftreet — Samuel Dickkee, — William Scio M. Donald, WhitectoT** ftreet r — W'illiam Doyle, — Thomas Davis, Bermondfey-fquate — Henry Doughty, iun. Charlei-ftieet — John Derichfon, Dcptford — Elias Domfotd — Kichard Downer, BiQiopfgate — Nathan Downer, ditto — Dawfon, Walworth — Dennis, Poplar — Deacon * — Davics, Chelfea — Henry Davics, Miles-lane — Matthew Dixon. New North-ftreet — Dexter, Little Quecn-ftreet a ■ Mr, LIST OF SUilSCRIBERS. r 11 0\ Mr. Bdnmid Diniinick,F.lm-court — lohn Downing, Hirrow-oa-thc-hill — Dunbur, Greenwich Mijor Do«rnni«n, Koyil Arliltrry Mr. George Deti, Woolwich Mr. Gvini, Old South Su-Houfc — Kllii, Milct line — Kvcriminu, Grt»t Portland-ftrctt — Clynril, .SwiUwn'i lane — Evnni, Elder-flKct — Kiward. (-folhoin — John Eaft, Wine-flrert Menfv Evara, Efq. Hation Artet Mr. Htnty Eiclccrman, — Pierce Edecumbc, Bromplon — Earl, Daliiniton — Jolm ICd»ardi, Mite end — William Evani, Chuichllrcet — Edward* — William Edit, Hampton — Ely. Lcuuin-ftmt Edward Kaltham, Efa. EiAcoll Mr. Robert Evcriw, Tooley-tate — lohn Gale Everett, Hcylelbury — Jamea Earley, Keafii^an — John Emerfon, White-lkm-coiirt — Edward Elliot, Baibicaa •— Jamea Earlcy r. Captain Edward Fate, Royal Artillery Mr. Fofter, Rocheifer — John Fowlflen, Major-Foatbelb-pailiisc — William Fraile, CowUne — William Fricker, Leadenhall-narfcet — J. H. Frecre, Gtcen-Lctlioe-lane Reverend J. Fof>, Arlington Mr. William FlintoC Bartholomew clofe — Fieere, Manfel-ftieei — Fox, Bow-ftreet — Foman, Smith6eld — Frtncei, St. Martin't-lane — Jjunes Filher, fen. Minuriet — F. Fenton, St. Jamea'i-fttect — Fairman, Ware — John Fenwick — Thomas Fletcher, near Bnrjr — Thomaa FieU, Ruflel-ftrtct — Jamea Freeman, Warwick-ftreet — r reeland — Tivin Farmer, Ware — Flight, Worcefter — James Fry, Tanbrihge — John Frief, Bethnal green — William Forfar, Navr — William Kinch, Goodmant-fielda -^ William Feltwell, Hampttead — John Fclton, Clapton — Thomas Frett, DrilaM — Robert Jenkinfon, Spa Fields — Thomas Jonct,KingV Arffli-yjid — lames, l.ittlcBell-ailey — Jacobt, Paradlfr-tow — Jones, Woolwkh — lames, Kield-laM — F. JoMS. Si. Jamtt-ftrcM — Johnfon — William Inch, Sii-poeu — lohn loknron,BiKhia>buM — John Ives, Laaib-Araet — Innet, HampAead — John Jaques, Highgu* — lakr.t, Chatiens — Jones, lAewortk — John loglis, Berwick-fttMl Rev. Mr. Jonei, Oydcr.fttwt —> Lniten, Bi«chia-laae — Jofeph Leoaard, Deaii'a- Uuwnfcklit(«r, Trnro iTrtel — Ubiimi, Iplllk-fquara Lowadt •— Johaana JaliM Lindati, Towtr-ftrMt — AadnwLalaf _ lokB U«b, Mackwill — TkMMi Low*, B*rl-ll«ai ^ lokn Lidddli Surgaoa — Henry Liadtrmin, Niy •~» Load, Barbkaa ~ Jorepk Linftjr, Hari«»taai1 •— Jimct Ltban — Landman, ProTalbi tf rofUication, WMlwkh M. M«. Milllncton, Bilhopiim — Martin Jickfun, Co»ten« — Qaorga Moikam Mon*bv, Higkgata ^ William Maroa, SttniMd' Abbot — )am(i Martin, Maidne — Munn, MaidHont ^ — MaCon, ditto " — Maltin, WoolwicI — jamci MiUt, ditto —— Millka ditto — Mathewi, Jun. Chailm — Milli, Woofwicb — MiUketl, Plymnuih — Mllnet, Callin|kam — Maykcw, laanio-cort — Thomai Micklam, 'mrmiuih — Peier Meek, Tkcobld'i-row — John Mead, Marybiie-t.ane — William MacdonakCheapfide — Benjamin Milni, Dck-head — William Mortimer.Corn-couit — Mayor, Fux and Kuucourt — Mac*, Newman'i-tiir — Mace, Pauirgravc-jiaee — John Maidmant, Ja. DowgaK-MIl — IMiicktI. Hick HuJwn — Milci — Georve Mercer, Aigd-eourt — William March, VkiMchapd — J. Morgan, WoodUm — \. Milton, Leicellercaurl — ManMI, Lone Acr — Middleiun, t«w-l'«-treet — Mount, Whitc-Cro^-lrcei — Mackdowgata — Mean » Thomai Mowat, Ctaln-bank — Richard Milli, ilarfkom-eourt — Robert Metlycot, luiion — Hugh Mackniib, Ittlel-ftreet — William Maltwoci, St. Martia'i-laM — Robert Lc Marc, ua. Bifliopfgate MafkrMaal, Readin; (ckool MeiTctvcy, RcaaOg School Mr. Major, Blaekwal — Mount, Whitc-Ciofi-nreet •— John Muegridec, Iradtntd — George Hiell, Kcrl/.lircot Mrs. Maulcveiy, Depfbrd Mr. Tobias Maynard. Sonth-Sea-Houfii — Georse MoKyn, Bioomlbury-rquaie — John Milton. Quera-ftreet <•- Henry Mordaunt, Paitlaod-ftreet — Ixu'ii Arnold M ':.:er, Siratfotil — 0. Maxwell, Adinitiliy Robert Martin, F.iii. tlfmeiton Capi. Gameliel Milncr Do^or Miller Mr. George Milner, D«an-Areet — Mathewf, Waie *- Jamei May, Noble-Hrett — (.hriftopher Maiiiu, Lewilham — Uaac Millie, Old-Caltle-llrect — William Middlecoat, Kcnningio» — Edward Man, Jun. Old Bailey — De-Micbclli, Hay-Market — Jnhn Maidment, DuKgaic-hill — Robert Mocriltin Lewii Arnolo M laler, Efq. Sbort-ftrcM Mr. Sicrty Mirki — John Mead, \fary-Ie-boa» Mr. R. Monk, llofier-lana IUt. Eratinua Middieton, AnthtrtfthtVivt ff jhtti 4*/ Sdncin fte. Oaorga Hnn Millar, Eft|. j^itr •/ tit ^itt Mn» NltalHi/lin Mr. John HaiBilton Maera, /aihtr tf tkt Ntm CtlMkm %fVtif^$ amtTrtHfili — Mafen, tdiit ff lit Ntm iiHtui tfBtm- jtn'i Wtrkt, Co M r t i T ( WUIIam Hanty Malmotk. B^. Uiiw tfiht ^S»rit Mii¥t^ Tilmstiai , viiA tit- gamC^tffUlii, Ut. lit Ntvi X0- mt)»HiJhn\ $il GthIii llljltij \ tmj liiNtvi XJuiwtfid Sfrji.hllir, ks. Mr. Tkomai Nlcbolfoo, laWadoK-Heufc — Nevill«,llm>arii — Nalbea ^ Nevin, Qsaea'i-Row, Idiagte* Lieut. Col. Nalh, Berkley-fquara Mr. Neiren. Wab«tr.BrM( — North, 8ymoad'i>Iaa — Nocui, GteeaBract — Norman, PappiaVCoarl — William NicoU, MMai-«iMI — Alexander Neibill — Nafli, Southwark — Nalbia, Mardingioo — William Neaia, Hampltead — G. Noll, Leadeokall-raarket — Nelfon Rev. William Newborough, Fellow of Pem- broke College, Oxford Mr. Newhourc, Lcedi — Neguf, Chatten'i •— lolepb Neves, Poole — John Henry Naraan p. Mr. Michael Ogden, Monmouthftrecl — John Omer, Buit-laoe, Dcptford Captain Ogilvie, Penchurch-buildingi Mr. Dc L. Ooze, Fleet-ltreei — John Oxiey, Rotberkiih — Ol lever Efq. Oltley Mri. Maiy Oliver, Cambexlaatl-cpart Mr. Robert Paul, Putfer — Price, Royal Navy Dr. Parfley, Norwich Mr. Charles Parogle, Wbiiechapel Tbomat Paul, EA), Penzance Mr. William Ptellon, Richbcll-coart — Peacock, Haoipllcad — Pickard. Watling-llteet — Infeph Plaver, Houndfilitch — Matthew Powell, Blder-flraet — Pack, Back-lana .— I'arry, Colcmao-fticat — Page, Lower TbaoMt-ftreet >— Peter Potter, Newgate-ftreet — Patterfon, Kine'i-Amt yard — Payler, Hyde-ttreet — Ponter, Newincton Butts — . Price, Dog antl Bear-yard — Pitchetu, Cheapfide — G. Portmun, Limc-ftreet — Pearfon, Bilhop~ Pearce, Southwark — William Privett, Souikwaik .— Pubford, James-ftreei — D. Pappril, Orange-flrcet _ Pampbilan, War* — Samuel Pbibbs, London Difecafary — William Trice, Beauchafflp-mat -r- Fetber. Priib-Srect, Soho -m William Petty, Minorirt — William Parryt, Haydon-fquaia — Poltv Mr. Thomai Price, Priday-ltreel — Tbwnat Poole. Si. Maigatei'ifaill — Soloa^n Pi tell. Biiftol .— John Hii^km, Higbgat* >— I lininai Pn \t, CkMWni — HfMi) '^tni iChtill'ihiircb — Ji.k* I I, Gravrleiid — lohio Vi i|ii'uagh — rrov-li, , et — Tliuma.l L-. Ilarf '^n — W. Pigrani '.vlrlfcu" Mm. Piifffiiure, , mes-ft" ^t Mr. John P«ri. ..i. Kl .(ofj — Thomai Poi r». Cow-lane — luhn Paik«r, farrow-on-hjll — Partelt, MaiO, '->na — Parrii, ditto R. Mr, John Riley, Halifax — Rich.ird Roufe, Brompton •- Rnlh Abraham Robaili, Efq. New Ljran — John Rout, Oaplford — Robert Raid, Baker, Atdgate — Phillip Robinfon, WorAip-llrcet MefT. Hound and Field, Grccawicb Mr. Roberts, RnlTell-llrcei — Kennoldibn, Drury-lant Rt'v. Dr. Rcefe, Hoxton Mr. Rilirighi, Poultry — HivitT, 8cotch-pard, Biilh-Iait* — Riitcliffe. Poplar — Samuel Richardfon, Chilel-ftraat — Ralfm, Ckarlei-ftrect Thumbs Roundlree, Efq. Inner Templa Mr. J. Radford, St. Jamet's-Ilrect — T. Rair, Litbon — • Richardi — Edward Rogeri, AlJgaia Hifh-ftreei — Ruflcl, Whitechapcl — Jnfrph Richardfon, Great Pultaey-Aratl — John Ruflcll, Green-baak — Kamfey — Kuftway, Canterbury Rev. Mr. Rivcti, Cobham Mr. Thomas Rench, Old-flraat — Rafei — John Ramfay, Wapping — Rcid, Twickenham — William Riley, Riding-bouie-tant — Rice, Hampuead — George Reevei, Borough — Reeves, Holbarn-bridga — Randal, Poplar — John Robarii, Waltoa — Deacon Riynham, ElTex — Daniel Rition, Giccnwicli — Roberts, Warwick-flrcet — Reeves, Qijatn-llreei — Rawlinfon, Red-Lyon-Afaat — John Riley, Halifax — John Ruflcll, Efq. — Richardfon, Woolwich — Jofeph Reed, ditto — Jamei Rodwell, ditto — Ricbardi, of Covent-gaitlan ThcaM Rev. Mr. Stanhope, Qiieen-fqoare, Great Ormond-i&eet, EJiitr tf lii Mv Lady'i Mofaziiu Mr. Richard Robert Sanden, Bromlejr Mri. Ann Sanders, Bromley Colonel Sthelin, Royal Artillery Mr. B. Scholey _ R. Snell John Skelhorn, Brewer-llreet _ T. Shapter, Exeter _ Smith, Uloomlbury-fqaara John Smith, Greenwich — John Shallis, Clerkenwell _ Somes, Hackney — Skey, Tower-bill _ Sells, Billing — John Seymour, Southwark — SafFcry — Jonathan Smith, Little Leek — Sanders, Good man 'i-yard — Edward Selbev, Whitecrofs-IUeet — William Stubbi, Billiter-fquare ■ — John SewarJj Oxfbrd-ftteei — Schenibte, Rocheller — Juha Sireaier, Chaibam Mr kdm £ I S^ T O 9 8 U B i C IL I B t a 8. .. iMilwyrMii'* Cmh. Mr. WIIQm |aM.OMMMrl — Mm •«*«,rHpi?f*-fw« ^_ — SmWmI. CidMttM-«NM > arMt — (oka BhJHi, CoU'Mli-tMt — P(rnlti^H«*,C«iM-kMA . Om* MUvm. IfOMplM _ Smmi*. diiM — Robwt |«l»»ttf , Ml-tlWr _. Rkktra Imlik, Ror«l N**r ^ Willlik lUftcM. CokkwR — lokn Stoddard. Mir|MM-«r(M — Suikcrftad. 8t. Jtiiin'i.«iMi _ PmiriM Sim. K(i|. Ca«a«-kMft — Mh»)hru|«.Biftop%Me — VllllMl SMt. 8». lokaVtrctt _ WilHui Skarp, HJf-Nlcoll-«rHl _ Capuia SaaitMl Straaftam, OflUa|kaa Mn.8 1 | M .«lW!i*fl«aia Mr. CMMm' Smw, Oaat. HaaMr- _ SaritkTllooinftarjr-filoart _- SalMMnai, Londea _ TkOBui Srir, aboNdiick _ WUIiioi SnWaa _ $corcck, Joka-RrMi _ John Jamti SkllWaa. SpltaMcMt _ NUkoUiSallarclli.PaltMjr-ttrect _ Slaier, Uppw Tfcam«i-ftre« >. Stokn, Efq. Hiaipll*«> _ William SioipAn, ditto _ William Skelton, ditto _ Rubktt Smart, CaAlidrctt _ Chartei Smilk, Flcat Srett _ William Scagar. Daptford _- Joka Sireck, SkMfcdltck _ William UmiravUI* Smilk, BlarkavU — Rtmard Smith, St. Marcarai'f kill » Mil«> Strtnitr, E(<|. Packfcaai — Slopfr.ofCovaai-gardaiTkcam T. k*r. John Turner. Ckarlu-lraet Henry Tuckfield. Efq. Harlcy itrcM Mr. William Trotter, Qdcen-Drtcl — Ckulfi Tver, Utile Briiaia — Tko^M Toolejr, Che«p6de ^^ Tttpiiw. Bafingkall-ftreat :;-Th«m,HkkHelboia _ Tdikaai. Bifdcn-liatt _ TiHWy, BarUMloBMw-cM ^ Tkoowi, HorMfOowa m. ThMMlka, ai/-RM4 * ■*> Titilli Im aid KiMi-aawi •- JaSnW.AIbMNii»-Broat — MmhI TMbn lw< MI ti Bud gi aia ••■•■ •■•■•• "VK" ^tyltn AMmmt — loMkTtiira|.ClMNlt*lMH •^MiiwdTrl|i,OaMiMB -. wSwiTSiai^ C^IM mi — lUkawTaylot — TkoMpfoa — JMM* Ta/lar, Q• TbeaM|ba, •«. M*'|tt<***4ttM — Mia Tayiar «- WalMT Tayhr, loatkaMpMn — Saaiaal Tajriar, dine — Tkia, Sklaa«a.BiiH — Tootk, Meakwall«lml — Tboatpfoa, 8«r^M-laat — AkrakaMTajrlar,Caaaaa-lNtt •• Heary Tiikar, Oardta^toaM Mrt. Barak Tkoaia*, Waalwick WinUai Tkataioa. tfa. dtkm •/ lU Smi Hijhiy rfL-4m aW WywV^. tSt. Mr. Towta, rimSJitmi^HrJkwm^ li$ Njiw SriBiTwaii MAOAaiNa, U. Mr. JiaMi Uptaa, ChaapBda — UmAaWlla — Iun«* Uroakarl, Loag A«ra - — Tfpiea, C'ailal-Broai — UadarUU, Adaa aad Bve-cowt ^. Mr. laam Viaiaf , LoM-laaa — J^ Viali, Coldlatk laid* — Jotapk Vowall, CaBla-Bran -.Valf*aca.CktapBda — Valcatiat, Daaaaaik-Biaat — iliae Joka Vaaiiar, Plaat-Brtat — Viaaet, Walloa — Joha Vcaia, RoA-Biaai — TkoBM* Virgo, Bflea ^f» Mr.Rickard Walker, QgaM-itcet -.WekBer.RaMlNsvy >• WaiUa. BNMi-Bneii Laag-Acn — Jaaaei WmIm, Star-allejr — jaaie* VJ^. A. B. OiNeaVCol. Caaabr. — ^kaWUI*,Plya*a«k -> Thonu Wood*, Kaaiagiea — B. Wx*tt, Baioa — Woaaack, Wardoor-ftiaet, Soko — Joka Wood, Norlaad — Joka Wardur.LadgaifkiU — Tkoma* Wild, AniUerr-ftiael .-.W. Willi. EwiffOflica — Wilfce. CkiM-fti«at — We«,8acklerBwfy -. WaieraMa, Gracackorck-ftiect Mr. Wadkaa*, BJag^MM .Wan»k*r.Ud|Ma'MI^ — T. Wkailer7Bi3'Ua»4iMl - 1. Wlaaoak^^PidMtlaff'cplaM — WIMka.Cwalw i a-M^ — WHU*«t — WMgtead .WMa,Mu -• Waito, Cad -ThMMMWo — ValWam. -WUIIaMW( WINIaM — Joh" WilglMij Re«.l1»aM*'" Mr.T.Waad. ChirflM — Waadhti. RaMiaadViMr — W*lMr,ll*(li Inpat* ' CkriBatkat W%k, AMar%Ml**mB Mlla>«a4 — Saaael WlMk% WtfikfBw -Wekfc -WmlMWIiUiita — BiakaMW*mlAi,W( — Willkua WllBaSh dtna -WiakwrjilW* *— TkawHwati*, — WU«M, C*ila.||aM ' — TkoaM* Walk**, Btaliaap-Biwl WaiklakMUa-laaa ikta%l — Tkaaa* WiakMia, Coek-law -AllraWall.lauAat — — Walaiiqr, BA|. HiwpBiai — WUIiaai WMkrMk. Taeinwlml — Aadraw WaMdnatr, Hacuap Capt, Waterkoalt, 'Hrickaabaai Bdvaid WebBar. 8li|. LUha-Mft Mr.P.Waliaa,MiMria* MaBwWtMar. R*«Mm SeM Mr*. Webk,Bla«*ld,8«k* Mr. Tkoau* Wkiw,CkiMck Capt. Joka WaiarkMdk. Twickeaka* Mr.Wtilnr.Ckaiiaa* M*CTkoaia**SaBa*l Woadkaa MaMbi WilUaw, Walbreok — Gaarga WatUagM, OU-Biaad-liwi MiftWAb,BtMaa Mr. WIUiaMN, m^Mt-famiM — Lake WMtlay. Hanoar «■ ika im — Ckarle* Warm — Tkoau* WiUaa,Ckiak-laaa — T. Walker, Jaa. H*f laa-wkfc — Mtcba*IWoed.Bp5*ii -•Wiaibla.Malil>rpi — W.Walkar.ditw Re*.Mr.Ward,YadHtt — WUUBAa.Woah«i2 — Waianaaii, diuo , — Walkar,dino — Robert WiUba, Utda Irluds — WilaMUtCbeapMa _ Rev. Dr. WrirtC?. & A.JkikfYihem. flutBriti/tJmt^MUt litibmmdCm^ fkuLifirfCkri0\ iktNimml Cimflitt fraftr, will Ifnu, Wt. Y. Mr. Yeatei, Saoar-MU — Yttei, Soaihwark — David yoaof. Royal AnUltry S^ The PuUt/berot this Woric ittunu hU moft refficdful Acknowledsmenti to the vety mmemu Sut/erihrt fat their f;rtai Eiieuiwednt, and humbljr folicits a Continuance of their I^vourt with Refped to ibme of ma ^btif Nnt PnUicatim (a \M tiX whjch nujr be feen in hit GUatenr, or on fomeof the Wrappcn of thii Publication. &c.) aflbring them, that nod)U(|HB|wU'be wanting to render all'the Periodial Worlts in which he (hall be engaged, de- ferving the Public Patrafipt Notwithftandins printed Noticca g^en for the PUrpofe. feverkl Wceka aKV and odier necefliuy Stan taken 6rcdlefiing the whole, we have not been able to procure the Nanpea i>f a tenth Part of our obliging Subfcribera. Thole whofe Names are not in the Lift, will ttetefore. of courie,' excufe dMMOtauf- tinn t and Aich as find any ErroF^Rj^rUingi wiU ptaife to obferve^ that the Fault ia not chamiMe on rtit^Pkib* Uthcr, as he haa (Mered the !>hmciij Places of Abode, &c. to be linnUjF tranfcribed from the Notes, as deUvend ia by Uw varifMu Bbbkiaier(,StBtioiitrs, NewflncivlK. &c. /) . •.jv;-*. >'«.tU;ji*rf^-*-'' mmmm