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?ii

NOVA TRANCIA:

•". Or the

DESCRIPTION

OF THAT PART OF

K VV

RANGE

tchich is one continent t^ith
Virginia.

^yy

Dcfciibcd in the three Jatc Voyages and Plantation raade by

Ahnfieur cle Monti, MonpsHr du Pont^GrAHe, and

Monfteur de PoutrincoHrt, into the countries

called by the French men La Cadie,

lying to the Southwell of

Cape Breton,

Together with in excellent feucnll Treatie of all the commoditiet^

ofthefaid countries, andmancrsotthc natural!

inhabitants ofthe fame.

Tranflated out of French into Englijh hj

^^^ £4fa.f

^La^t^i? ^'Jc-a^W^t

/; ^ ;^-i^^^ji^ J^/i

/ y ^

L O N D 1 N I,

Imfenjis Georoii BisHOPi
x6o^.

»4

«,;

•3

*■ r

^.«

1 1

474088

TO THE BRIGHT

STARRE OF THE NORTH,
Henry 'Prince of Great

Britain E.

^*^^YS&^^^^ t)i? excellent Prince : my ^luthor
p^[\^^/Sf f%^ (knowing that there arejome works

fo naturally ?reit of thewjelues^that
they challenge thegrAttoHSprotuit'
$n of? rimes) hath offered this his
I^J ISQIft^J 15?^ Htjlorie to the Royall patronage of
CS^ Vc^^lr^T^K ^^^ ^^^ cAr////4« Kingy two

^eeneSy and the Dauphin , to the
end it might ft irre them themoretoprofecutethepopuU'
ting oj the lands heerein defer the d^ to bring the Naturals
thereof Sauage and miferable people )to ciutlttie and right
knowledge: of God ^ andfoto the faluation of their (oules.
Ajjumingthe like prefumpionylhaue hoped {notwithftan^
ding the defers which nccefjArily attend a fir anger ^ who
cm neuer attaine the mturaU Idiom e of this eloquent Ian-
guage)thjt it might not be an initiry to your Highnefjeibut
an addition of Honor , andfafetiecftbis worke , tffjhjuld
dare to infcribe your Princely name on theforeheadthere^
of Which houldneffe^he noble vndertaking of the Bnglijh
Nation hath nourtfljcd , who hauefo lately begt^n (by the
permt^ion^andvnder the protection ofhts excellent Maie^
ie^ your moft Royall Father) to plant Chrifti nitietn plr-
yiz one continent ^^ next adioinmg landtJ

gtnta,

HIF

hcfe.
For

t '

Ut CPISTLB DeDICATORII.

F(fr xvho may better fuffort ^ and manage magnAwmom
anions ^fuch as he thefeopling of lands , planting ofColo-
?>us^eredingof cinillGouernementes^andpropiigAiing of
the GoJpeHofChriJl /which are Royall andVmcelyfoun^
djt'ionsjthi n thofe irhcm the King of Kings ^ huth eHdhi-
pjedas Atlaflcs of kingdoms & Chrijlian cowmen weales?
Cod kith ncccftAtedm hts Profhecie^Kir^gs andJSj^ten:s
to he nurfiig Fatht rs and nurfing Mot hers of his Church:
fotkxt he hath not onely committed the gcuernwent of a
ripe andftrong body , able tofuhfH^ hut hath impofcdthe
care of the tender neffe andinfancie thereof vpon them. A-
lixander being yet youngyWould hjucrunne in theOlym-
pi.w gimes if kings hadrunne there > now Kings doe run:,
now Princesdoe workein the Lords harueft^ to fpread that
name xvhich muU gather the eleB from the vtmoH endes
of the w or Id ^if not in their perfom^yet with their authcri*
tie and mcanes. 1 know your Highnejfe ttould not he infcri-
our, hut rather ex cell info noble an action : ftsch an emula-
t'ion ispleafing to God^your birth leadeth vnfoit-^ Chrifli-
an charitie inuitethyou to be chiefe worker in thefauing of
millions offotdes : The neceptie of your Countrie of Great
B R I T A I N E, (oucrfopulotujdoth require it : And lajlly
your pooreVirgin'ans doe feemeto implore your Princely
aide , to helpe t'jem tojlmke off the yoke of the diuel^ who
hath hitherto made them Hue worfe then leafls^'hat hence-
foorth they may be brought into the fould of Chrisl^and
fin time J to Hue vnderyour Chrijlian gouernmet: So thn
hauing thm runne^you flullobtaine an euerlafling Crowne
of glory J heingas well planter ^as defender of the Faith*

Your HighnciTc h umbic A feruant,

P. EnONDELLI*

ling of
ifouti'

Hules?
ueen:s
hurch:
ntofa
^cdthe

Olym-

id that
f endes
ithcri'
infcr'u

hrifii-

mg of

'Great

ilaftly

incily

\ who

hence-

yAnd
oth:n

owne
Faith.

•7)Q

To the Reader.

Entlc Reader : The whole volumcof the
Nauigationsof the French-nation into
the Weft Indies ( comprifed in three
bookcs) was brought to mce^to be tranf-
latcd, by M.Richard HackUiyt, aman,
whoforhisworthy^and profitable laboursjis well know-
en to moft men of worth , not onely of this kingdomc ^
but alfo of forrain parts:and by him this part was feieft-
cd ; and chofcn from the whole worke, for the particu-
lar vfe of this Nation, to the end, that comparing the
goodneflc of the lands of the Northerly parts hcercin
mentioned with that of r//'^/»/<r,which(thoughinone5
and the felfe fame continent and both lands adioyning)
muft be far better, by reafon it ftands more Southerly,
ncercrtothcSunnc, greater encouragement maybe
giucatoprofccutethat generous and godly aftion,in
planting and peopling that Country, to the better pro-
pagation of the CjolpclofChrift,the faluation of innu-
merable (bules, and generall benefit of this land, too
much peftred with ouer many people. VVhich tranfla-
tion (as I hauc faid) is but a part of a greater volume. If
therefore you finde that fome references of things men-
tioned in the former part of the faid volume are not to
be found in this tranllation, do not thinke it ftrange, in
afmuch as they could not vj el be brought in,cxcept the
whole volume fhould be tranflated , which of purpofc
was left vndone, as well to auoid your farther charges,
asbecaufe itwas thought needlcflc to tranflate more
then concemcth that which adioyncth to VirginU.

f f ^

What

LLI»

To Th b R b a t> b k.

What good the Englifh Nation may rcapc of this
workcj by thconcly defcriptionthat is found therein
ofNations , Hands, Harbours, Bay cSjCoafts^Riuers,
Rockes, Shoulds, Sands, Bankcs^ and other dangers,
which the Saylcrs into iholc parts may nowthemorc
cafily findc , and auoid , by the knowledge that this
tranflation giueth them of it^let theNauigators iudgc
therof, who (for want otTuch knowledge) haue found
themfeluesineuident perill of death, and many alto-
gether caftaway. Ifamanthat fheweth foorth effe-
iftually the zealous care he 'hath to the well-fare, and
common good of his country, deferucth praifes ofthc
fame, 1 refer to the iudgement of them that abhor the
vice of ingratitude(hatefullaboue all to God,&: good-
men) whether the faid M.Hackluyt (as well for the
firft procuring of this tranflation , as for many workes
of his,fet out by him for the good,and euerlafting fame
of the Englilli N ation) defcrueth not to reape thankes*
As for this my laboutjif it be cenfuredfiuorably,and
my good affedlion (in vndcrtaking the tranfla-
ting of this workc,for the benefit of this

land)takenin good part,it will en-
courage

metoendcauour
setter

fclfc to doe
heereafter.

of this
herein
Miners,
ngcrs,
emorc
at this
udgc
found
y^alto-
1 effe-
Cjand
ofthc
or the
good-
brthc
^orkes
fame
nkes»
,and
a-

The Table of the contents

of the Chapters.

ThcfirftBookc,

W Herein are defer ibed the three late Voiages , KmU
gat ions, and Plantation of New France ( othenpi/e
called La Cadia) by Monficur dc Monts , Monficurdu
Pont-graue, and Monficiir de Poutrincourc.

Chap. I.
The Patent, and CommiJJion of the French king to Monfi-
eur dc Monts /or the inhabiting of the Countries of La Ca-
dia, Canada, and other flaces in New France, from the^o,
degree to the ^6,

Chap. IF.
The voiage o/Mon(icur dc Monts into Nerp France : ac^
cidents hapned tn thefaid voiage : the caufes of the Ifie banl^s
in newfound lands : the impojing of names to certaine Ports :
theperplexitie tvherein they mere by reafonof the flaie of their
otherfbippe^

Chap. IIL
The leaning of Port Aw Mouton : the accidents of a man
(osi in the woods tbefpaceofi6,daies:BA\c Fran^oifc, or the
French Baie : Port Royall : the Rmer o/PEquillc: a Copper
Aiyne : the mifcbiefe of golden Amines : of Diamonds : Turkie
fioncs.

Chap. IIH.
The defcriptiori'nf the ritier Saint lohn : and of thelfle
S.mt Croix : the man lofl in the woods found out 1 6.daies af"
ter : examples offomeftrange abfiinencies : thedifcords cfthe
Sanages deferred to the iudgement of Mot\^\twx de Monrs:
the fatherly author it ie among the faidSauages: what huf-
band they chufe to their daughters.

Chap. V.
A farther defcriptionofthc I land Saint Croix: the enter"
frife <7/Moii(icui* dc Moats difficult and generous ^yet profe^

*•

tuttdthroHjh ifuth: thtnttirni </Monfieur de Poutrin-
court int9 FrAnce : the perils of the voiage,

Caap. VI.

The bmldings of the lie Saint Croix : the Frenchmens
difccmmodities in the faidf lace : vnkjjowenfick^effes : oft heir
eaufes : of the people that tefubieSl to it : of Diets ^ b^tdde fVa^
ters. Aires ylVindcs, Lakes, corrupt ton oj f-f^oods^feafons, dif-
pojition of bodies, of young, of old : the Authors adutfe touch^
iffg the gouernment of health, and cure ofthe/atd dtfeafes.

Chap. VH.
The difcouery of nerp lands bj Monfieur dc Monts i ftbu*
lous tales and reports of the riuer andfained towne e/Norom-
bcga : the r-efuting of the Authors that haue written ther^
of:fiJhbankesin Newfoundland: Kinibeki : Chou'acoec:
Malcbarre : Annouchiquois : the death of a French man
killed : mortalitie of Snglifhmen in Virgtma.

Chap. VIII.
The arriuall 0^ Monfieur duPonc to Saint Croix: the
hahitation transferred into Port %$y(dL: returneofWot&vxx
de Moncs )i»f France : the difficult ie of handMUles , the
furniture of the faid Monfieur du Pont, for th'e difcouery of
new lands beyond Afalebarre : Shipwracke : Forecafi for the
returne into France: Comparifonof thefe voiages with them
•f Florida: the blame ofthofe that dijpraife the tillage of
$ hi land.

Chap. IX.
TijeJtrFfmotiue and acceptation of the vciage by Monfie-
ur dc Poutrincourt , together with the Author into New
frAnce i thetr departurefrom Paris togoe into RochelL

Chap. X.
tlie name of our fiippe called the Jonae : the [hallow water
efRochellis thecaufeof the hard going out : Rochell a refor^
med towne: the common people ts injelent: Croquans : the
accident of the fiiprrracke oft he Jonas new preparation : weake
Souldiers are not to be placed vpon froxttiers : the Minifltrs
^ Kichelldoe pray for the CQHcrJion oftkeSauages : thefmal

^lueale

Ke\

th\

le CMtcffi

KeMle ofoHTi : the Ettcharifl cdrriedin vcia^es by the uneient
ChnfttaMs: the diligence o/Monficur dc Poutrincourt At

the vcrypotHt offitppwg.

Chap. XI.

Thcty depart foe from Roche/: Sundry meetings of (hips And
Pirates '.flormyfea about the Azores tand whence it proceedes:
fVhj the fVcft wtndes arc frecjuent tn thefVcfl-fea : from
whence the wmJes doe come : 'Torpefes doe prognoftteate
flormesi Afcancs to tak^ them : The defer ibtng of them : Of
fiormes : Their cffe^s : Ofcalmes : fVhat U a, CjnFi ofwinde :
Horvitidmade : The effects thereof : The bouidneffe of Ma-
riners : howreuerence h gmento the Ktngspjip : Thefuppu-
tation of the voyage : HotfcAy then coold : Thereafonofit:
And of the Banckes of I ft in New-found^land,

Chap. Xll.

Of the great Bancke of Mornes or Coddes : Of the found :
Ottr camming to thefatd Bancke : The defer ipt ion thereof:
The^Jhmgof Netv-land-fijh : Andofhirdes :Thegreedineffe
ofthebirdes called by French-men : Happe-foyes ; Diuers
perils : Gedsfauours : TijecMufesof frequent and long mif^es
tn the JVeflerne-fea : Landmarkes : The fight oftt : MarueU
loHS odours : The boordingof two Shaloupes : The landing at
the Part Du Mouton : The camming to Port Ray all : Of two
Frfnch^men remaining there alone among the Sauages,

Chap. XIII.

The happy meeting of MonHeur du Pont : His returneto
Port Roy all : T{eioyctng : Defcriptionof the confines of the faid
Port : Contc^ures touching the head and (pring of the great
riuer of Canada: Sowing of corne : Moiideur du Fonts r^-
turn into France : MonficurdcPourrincourts voyage vnto
the country of the Armouchiquois : Faire Riejprung foorth
without tillage : Tjhe exercifes and maner of liuing in Port
'^all : The Medowes of the riuer dc rEquillc.

Chap. Xlllf.

Their departing from the He Saint Qroix : The bay of
Marchin : Chouakoci ivines and grapes : The liberality of

th$

»!

TheContentsi

theSauAges : The land and people of the Armouchi^uois: Th^
cureofanArmoHchiquoiswcHnded : ihejimplicityandigno*
ranee ofthat people : Vices of the ArmouchiqHois : Sfejpition:
People not cartng for clothes : CornefowedjandVines planted
intheArmoHchiejHoiscoHntrie:£iHantitjiofgrapei : Ahnn*
dance of people : dangerotis fea.

CHAP. XV.
"D angers : vnknorven language : The making of a forge and
efanouen-.Crojfesfetvp: Plenty : Aconjpiracy : Dijohedim
ence : Murther : The flight of three hundred againfl ten : The
agility of the ArmoHchiquois : Bad company danger otts ; The
accident of a musket that didhurfl : TheSauages infolency :
Their timorofity, impiety, and flight : The fortunate Port : A
hadfea: reuenge : The counfelland refolutionfor the returne :
New perils : Godsfauours : Monficur dc Poucrincourts ar»
riuallat Port 'P^jall: Horvhewa^receiued,

Chap. XVI.
The Condition oft he cornewhich they forced: Theinflituti"
gnoftheorderofhon-tewpz : The Sauages hehauiour among
the French-men : The flat e of Winter : Why raines andfogges
be rare in this jeafon : Why raine is frequent hetrveene the
Tropiques : Snow profitable to the ground : the fl ate oflanua"
rie : C onformity of weather in the ancient and New France :
Why thejpringisflow : The tilltngof gardens : Thetrcrop : A
^ytatermtll : A Manna of Herringi : Preparattonfor the re-
turne: Monficur de Poutrincounsinuention : The Sauages
admiration i Newesfrom France.

Chap. XVH.
Thearriuallofthe French : Menfieur dc Monts hisfociety
is broken, and why : The Couetcufneffe of them that rob the
dead : 'Bonfires for the Natiuity oft he Duke of Orleans : The
departing of the Sauages to goe to wars : Sagatnos Membcr-
tou : Voyages vpon the Conft of the French Bay : 'Bafetra-
fcke : ThetowneofOxiiooudi : How the Sauages doe make
great voyages : Thetr had intention : Afteele Aitne : Sea
wolues (orjeales) voyces : The flat e of the lie Saint Croix :

The

Hic Contents^

TheSanagex IoH€ tovfords thdr children : thereturne /»/#

Chap. XVHI.
The Port dc Campfcau : our departure from Port Rojalh
Fogoes of eight dates continuance : ARaine-howappearingin
thei^ater : The Port of Saua/et : Tillage an honorable ex ^r-
cife : The grief e of the Sauages at Monfieur De Poutiin-
courc his ooing away : Returne into France : Voyaq^e mto
jMount S , Mtchell : Thefruites of New France pre: cnttdto
the King : A voyage into New France after the returne of the
/4y<^ Monilcur Dc Pourrincouiti»^(? France*

ThcfccondBookc.

Containing the cuflomes and maners of life of the ff^efi
Indians of New France, compared to them of the anctent
people of thefe parts 5 andjpecially to them that bee in one and
the f elf e fame par allele and degree.

Chap. I.
Of the Natiuitie : cufiome of the Hebrewes , Cimbres^
Frenchmen andSauages, ^

Chap. II.
Of the impojtng of names : the abufes of them that giue the
vames of Chrtftians to InfiAels : Names hauenot beene giuen
Kvithout occafion.

Chap. III.
Of the bringingvp of children : of the TV omen of our time :
tf the ancient Germain Women,

Chap. IIIL
Of the loue towards Children: the Sauage Women lout
their children more then the Women ofthe[e parts vfe to do :
and the caufe why : wherein New France is profitable to the
ancient France : T^ojfejpon of the land.

Chap. V.
Of Religion : the orig^ine ofldolatrie : he which wcrpApeth
nothing is more capable of Chnfttan Religion than an idolater:

n
H

[e v^ontcnts.

the Canadians Religion: People eajie to be conucrted: the
Aftor<yic andimpietie of the ChrijHans of this day : thegining
off code and teaching of Arts is the meanes to cenuert Sanage
people : oft he name of^od: ofcertaine Sanages already Chrt"
ft tans in minde : the Religion of the Sanages tn Virginia -.fahi*
loHS tales concerning the ReJftrreBion : the Simnlachers of •
fpds : theFloridians religion: the error o/BcIIe-foreft the
C ofhfo (Trap her : thervorfiippingof the Sunne : the kifpngof
hands :the Brajiliam vexed by the diftell: they hanefomeobm
fcurek/mvledgeoftbegcncra/lfloHd: and of fome ChrtFitart
which anciently hath beene among them.

Chap. VI.
Of the Sooth faiers^ and Aoutmoins: ofPriefihotd: the
jAols of the Mexicans', the Indian Priefis are Phifictons with-
Mil: pretence of Religion : the Aoutmoins /ft bti/ties : how they
callvpondwels : fongs to the praifes ofthediue^: theSab^
bath oft he Sanages : Bonefiers vpon Saint Johns daies : Vrim
a/id Thummim : the office of Priefihood fuccefpue : of the
Caraibes , deceiuers like to thefacrifcers of the IdoU Bett.

Chap. VII.
Of the Language : the Indians be allditiided in languages :
time brifigeth an alteration in the toungs : the conformity of
them the caufes of the change oftongpies : Jince when the trade
of^Beuers hath beene • the Sauages pronunciation : of the an-
cient Hebrexves, Greeks ^ LatineSy and of the Partfians : the
Sauages haue particular tongues , not vnderflcod by New
found landmen: the Sauages maner of reckoning.

Chap. VIII.
Of learning : the inuention of letters is admirable : the anci*
ent Germainswerewithout letters : the letters and Sciences
were amoncthe(jau(lcis 3 before that either the Greeks or
Latins had them: r/j^ Sarronides were inthe old times Di-
uines and Philofophers among the Gaullois : the Bardes were
Poets : the reuerence that was vfed towards them : thereue-
rence of Mars towards the Mufes : the king his eldeB daugh-
ter : the BaftlickefaUnedin the temple of Apollo.

Chap,

vtac

ntot
£art

and]

the

dim

i i'^^

'ed: the
egming
Sattage
> Chn-^
r -fahs*
:hers of
reft the
iffing of
omaobm
hrtHtan

^d: the
IS with-
ovpthey
heSnh^
' Vrim
• of the
V/7. .

uages:
nity of
e trade
■ heart"
: the
1 Nevf

e anct'
^iences
eks or
's Di-
i were
reHC"

■^FWI

The Contents,

Chap. IX.
Of Clothes and of Haires : to what end garments y^ere

made: the nal^dnejje of the ancient PiSis .- of the moderne
Qy£thioptans : of the Brajilians : the Sanages of New Trance
more honeFi : their C loaves of skins : the ancient Hercules his
garment i of the ancient Germains, oft he Gothes: the Shooinff
and Hofeing of the Sauages : the couerim of the head :
the Haires of the Hebrewes , Ganllois , Gothes : the Or"
dinancefor the Priefls to weare Hats : Shatien mtn.

Chap. X.

Ofthefhape and dexterity of the Sauages : Mans forme is
themsflperfit: t he vioience done to Nature 5 the Brajilians be
Jhortnofed : The reft of the Sauages be handfome men : halfe
dwarfes : the Patagons be Gyants: Thefauour of the Sauages:
the dcfcript ion of the' IVefterly flies : IV hy the Americans are
not blacke : From whence proceedes the heat of Affrica : And
the coolenejfe of America being tn thefelfefame degree : Oft he
colour oft he haires and of the beard : fVhen the Romans began
to weare ibeardes : the Sauages are not hairy : Hairy women :
The ancient Gau/lots and Germans had their haires yellow
/ike gold : Their lookes, voices ^ eies •: The women Jbrew : The
ties oft he men of Taprobane, oft he Sauages, and Scythians :
Of thehps : Monftruous bodies : The agility of the body :
What //;<? Naircs 0/ Malcbaris doe for to be nimble : What
people haue agility : The Indians sktlfulneffe infwimming : ftA
fitarpeftght: The Sauages fenfe of f melting : Their hatred a^
gainfl the Spaniards.

Chap, XI.

Of the ornaments of the body : Of the painting of the He-
brewes, 'F^,mans, t/^ffricans &c. ancient Engltjhmeny PiSHf,
Cjothes {j^c.fy eft 'Indians : Ofthemarkes^ ra^in^s,andinci"
fions on their (lefb : Ofthemarkirs of the ancient Hcbr ewe, Ty*
tons and Chriftians : The reproouing of the paintingof the
face^ and other paintings of the body-

Chap. Xll.

Of the outward ornaments : The two Tyrants of our life:

The Contents.

The fuffrfimty of the ancient Rome : The excejfe cf Ladies, of
their wiers andperiivigges : Ccloftring ofhaires : Eare-rings:
Bracelets , garters , buskins anA jhooes : fVhatpearles are,
Matacli;az,Vignols,Efiirgni: Carkanets of iron ^and of gold.

Chap. Xlll.
Ofm^iriage : The I ewes cnflome : The vfiddowes do blacken
their faces : theprcfliru^iy.g of A^aidens :the contincncy of the
Souriqtiois women: the manor to make fate to a maid for nttiri"
age: thevroJtitHting of maidens m Brafill: cfthe Pox: the cure
thereof: the chafl it it of the ancient German rvom- n: reafonfor
the SiiHATes cuntinerjcy: the Fhridians doe lone women : hliv-
phalles : Degrees of confangninity : The Gatilloifc women
frmtfiiU: Toligamy without ledonfie: Dmorce: J^^ hat a man
ought to doe hamngabadwife . Abfimencjofthe mdowes:
The Infidels hane whoredome in ahsminatton.

Chap. XIIII.
Of the Sauages Tabagie, or banquet : The manner ofliuing
of the Sauages of the hether lands : How the ArmouchiqHois
vfe andfcrue them'elues with their Come : the ancient Italic
(ins did the like : the a(fembly of the Sauages , makj^g their
Tabagy ; the women eat by themielues : the honour gr-ten to
yeomen amonnfl the ancient Gaullois and Germans : the bad
condition of them umong the Romans : What they hauebeene
that h.iue eflabltjl^ed the Roman Entire : the manner oflu
fiing ofthea.icient Romans , Tartarians, AiofchorateSy CjetH^
liiinSf Germa/is^ »^thiopia»Sj of Saint John Baptifl, ofC^mi-
Han, Traiayj, Adrian : and of the Sauages : Salt not altoaether
necefj.iry : the Si^.ua^cs doe fometimes f/jfcr vcAnt : thetrfu"
perfiitio:! : Of their gluttony andof Hercnles : the Brafilians
food : Anthro'^o^ha'.O' ' Stranae prv(l:ttutino nf maidens:
communahy of lifs : the S apt ages Hofpitality , of the Ganllois
and Germans : Ofdrifditng.thefirjl Remans had no vines : the
Beere of the ancient Cjaullois , and c/£q^yptians : the ancient
Germrns did hate wine: Hew wine t^- necejfarj : Tobacco : the
drinking one to another : the drinke of the Floridtans and Bra^
filians : HidromeL

Chap.

./(

thi

i&^^Ut*iA„.-

Ladies J of
re- rims:

tries are,

dofgold.

ohUcken

'icy of the
ormtiri^-
the cure
eajonfor
n: Itljy-
"ivcmen
tit a man
vidor»€S :

of lining
'chiejHois
nt Italic
mg their
gnento
the bad
fie heene
ner ofli^
, C^etftm
^ty^mim
a ether

hetrfii^
ajilians
aidens:
laullois
es: the
unciem
CO : the
dBra^

!hap.

The Contents.

Chap. XV.

Of dances and fonges : The origtneof dances in the honottr
of God: dances anajbnges inthe honour of A folio, Nepttme,
^J\^ars , of the Sonne , o///jf Salians : \^v3£i\A\ Socrates
dance : The dances turned into badvfc: Huw much damrerom:
AUSauages doe vfe dancing: To what end: Orphcmhisfoo^
lijhfong: fVhywefingto ^od: Thefonges ofthe Souri^mis:
Of holy people : Ofthe Gaullois Bardes : Sonnets made by the
commandement of Q\-\2Xo\\x%'^\2i^\x% ; Thefong ofthe La-
cedemonians: The dances andfongesofthe Sewages : TheO'-
rations of their Captaines,

Chap. Xyi.

Ofthe dijpofitton ofthe body : Phthific i Thefweatin^es of
the SaUiiges : the Phijitions and Chirnrgions ofthe Flqridi"
anSi Brafiltans andSoMriquois: (^ures made by Charmes : A
maruelloHS report of the dcjpifng of grief e : Triailofconfiancy:
Suffering of torments for the honour ofT)iana and ofthe Sun :
the long UmsoftheSauages : the caufes thereof and of the
Jbortningofourdaies, , ,

Chap XVII.

The mens exercices : of Bowes and arroweSj Maces ^ Buck^
ler s,fijlnng lines y "Buckets: the Sauages Canorpes^or boates^
and t heir fapjion : Canorvesmade oftviliorveSj ^fpaper,oflea'
ther, of hollowed trees: the originall of the fables of the Syrens,
or Alerfmidens > lorjgtrauels through the woods 5 pottery of
Earth 5 the tillage of the ground », the ancient Germans hid no
lands proper or peculiar to them ; the Sauages are not labori^
eit^ •, how thy) manure the land ; double (owing, and double
Harueff \ How they Hue m TV inter 5 the Sauages townes 5 of
the ortginall of townes 5 thefirfi builders in the Gaulles • ofthe
word Magus : Thilofbphy hath beene firfl found out by the
Barbarians j theplaies and games ofthe Sauages, \ ,

Chap, XVIH.

Thewomens exercices 5 the woman ts called pierced or hol^
low- d -y the women arc faued in bringing foorth ojf Children • of
purification') the hard condition ofthe women amonq thcSaua-

le contents.

ges \ ofmMtif, eurrjing and drejpng of leather • their ntakjng
of Baskets, Pnrfes, Dies, DiJheSy Matachiaz, Camwes % the
lone oft he Safta(fe women towards their hufbands 5 their cha^
ftity • Afaire ovferuationvfon the Hehrew names of theman^
and of the woman.

Chap. XIX.
Of Ciuilitie ; thefirfl Cimlitie^is the obedience to Godan^
to the parents ; the Sanages be Slouenly at their Ban*
^uetSffor want oflinnen\the repafi of the ancient Gauiloii and
Kjermains 5 of the arrining of the Sanages into any place-^their
Greetings \Ukewifeofthe^reeksi,'B^mans, and Hebrewes 5
of the fainting in Sneezing ; Item in the beginning of Letters*^
of the Farewell \ the Sanages reuerence to their Fathers and
Mothers \ Curfe to him which honor eth not his Father and
hU mother.

Chap. XX.
Of the Vertues and Vices of the Sanages ; the Principles af
VertHeareinvs, euenfrom our birth ; of force, andgreatnejfe
of courage •, the ancient Ganllois were wit hont fear e S the Sa»
uagesarerenengefull'^ wherintemperanceconjtfleth- whether
the Sanages are indned therewith*^ wherein Liberalitie con^
Jtifeth'y the Sanages Liberality *^ they difdaine the couetom
felting Merchants ; their Magnificence , Hojpitality , Piety
towards their Fathers and Mothers 5 of their Infiice-^ the eX'
ecHtion of Infiice j the incredible enajton of two Sanages , pri*
finer s j wherein the Sanaqes be diligent andflothfnli.

Chap. XXI.
Of Hunting • the origina/l thereof; towhomit belongeth ^
towhatend Kings are cho fen -^ huntingtheim^geoffVar 5 the
frfi end thereof^ the interpretation of one verfe of the 32.'
Pfalme '^ all Sanages doe hunt r^ when and how \ thedifcription
of the hnntingof the Elian orStagfe \ theSduaqes hounds '^
the Sanages hone Rackets at their feet when they hunt ; their
continuance in hunting \faire innention of them for the Kitch"
ing*ytheirwomens duty after the hunting $ thefijhwg orhun*
tingoftheBener\ the difcriptionofthefams j her admirable

biiilMng 5

dii

€ai\
do\
Bi
art

fwc

led\

foul

^es } the

mrcha^m

ir Baft"
llouand
ce-^their
hretfes •
Letters-^
hers and
her and

ciples cf
eatftejfe
the Sa-
vhether
'tiecou"
oHetotu
Piety

the

eX'

^s, pn*

mgeth }
ir 5 the
he 32;

TtptioH

^Ofivds'y
; their
Kitch'
Qr htitu
yfirahle
iLi'mg 5

The Contents^

hmlding \ htm flje is taken^jrornvfiheyice anciently the'Beuers
did come), Of Bear es •, Leopards • thedifcrtptionoftheheafi
r^/Z^^Nibaches \lVoittes .^ Comes&c, the Cattell of France
doprofitrvJitK N€T» France ; Maruellous maltipltcationsf
Beafts ; ofthebci^fls of Florida, andof Braftll-^ ^heSatiages
are trtiely noble.

Chap. XXII.

Of Ha/iking 5 the LMufes doe delight in hunting 5 hawking

is a noble exercife 5 How the Sanages take thetrfovple 5 Hands

frvarming with birds •, thefoules of Fort Roy all j Of a bird caU

/^^Niridau : ofgUfteringpes -^Turky or Indian Cocks -^ the

foHlesoiFlorida»andofBraftll,

Chap. XXIIL
Of Fifhing \ a comparifon betvpeene Hunting, Hanking and
Fijhtngt, anEmperonrdelightinghimfelfe in Fifhing-^ Plato
hisabfurdity 5 Fijhing permitted to Chttrchmen\ the feed-
ing vponfifh is the befl and Vfholefomefi food : euery Fifh
dreads the fV inter y and withdraweth himfelfe , they returne
in the Spring time ; a manna of Smelts ^ Heerings , Pilchers,
Sturgeons and Salmons \ the maner of taking of them by the
Sauages •, theabufe ^fuperffition of FythagovAS 5 the San*
dkoium of New found land fiJhermen'^ofthe/hellFiJh of Port
Royali '^the fijhtngof the Codde\ whether Cods doefleepe^
thecaufe why fijhes fleepe not ; fijhes hauingflonesin their
heads (as the Codde) doe fear e fVinter ; Oile ( ortraine) of
fijh 5 the fijhing of the Whale \ wherein the hardinejfe and
bouldneffe oft he Sauages is to be admired > Hippopotames :
the infinite multitude of Mackerels j the Id/enejfe ofthepeo*
pie of this day.

Chap. XXIIII.
Of the Land: which isthegoodgroptnd: Terra Sigillata ,
is in New France: the fruEiifjing ofMonfieur dc Poutrin-
cowrts Sowings : which is the good Dung : of Turkic (or Indi'
4n)fVheaty called MMs: how the Sauages doe mend theiv
grounds : how they Sowe \ the temperature of the Aire doth
ferHetoprodnUion-^ Barncf vnder ground: the caufe of the

pth»

mttriis.

7< . ■ ■

w -

''ill, ■ -'

ltothf$tlMejfe of the Sauages of the hither Unds neere vfiH vs •
Hemfe j ofyines 5 yvhen they were prFi planted in Galia 5 of
Trees ^ Tahacco, and the maner andvfe oftt \ thefooiijhgree'*
dinejfe after Ta^acco 5 the Vertues thereof '^ the error of Bel-
IC'iorcAiof the root es called Afrodiles, or ground Nuts- a
confderationvpon the mi/erie of many people : the tilling of the
ground is a mofl innocent excrcife 5 Gloria adorea : of the
Fruit trees i and others of Port Royally ofFlorida^andofBra"
Jill J the dejpijing of Mines $ Fruits to be hoped in new France^

Chap. XXV.
Of the war : to what end the Sauages doe ntakje war : The
Orations of the Sauages Captaines : their (urprijes : the ma"
tier to foretell the euent of the war • thefuccejjion ofCaptaines^
the Sauages armes \ of excellent Archers '^from whence comes
the word M\\\ii^ : the caufe of the Sauages fear e : their m^.^
uer of marching in fVar : a war like dance \ how the Sauages
doe vfe theviBory S oftheViEUme^ facrtfice ; Puni/hment^
the Sauages will notfaU into their enemies hands : the trophies
oft heir enemies headsiof the ancient GauUoi^ '^ofthemoderne
Hungarians* -. \. .^, . . ,....•■

Chap. XXVI.
Of Funerals ; the lamenting for the dead "^ thehuryingof
them is a worke of humanity 5 thecufiome of the Sauages in
this rejpe6i 5 of the prefer uing oft he dead bodies j oft he mour^
Ttingofthe Perpans, iz/£gjpttansy Romans , G a/cons, *BraJtlim
ans^ FloridianSj Sourtejuots^ Hebrewes, ^lueenes of France ^
ThracianSi Locrians, ancient Chrtfii^ms ; the burning of the
THoueable goods of the dec eaffedjA fair e leffon to the Couetous^
the cuftomes of the Phrigians , Latins , Hebrewes , Gaullois^
Germans, and Sauages for this rcjpeSl ythe burying of the
dead \fyhat people doe bury them :whoburnethem, and who
freferuethem 5 Of the funerall gifts Jhut vp inthefepulchers
9ft he dead ; the fame reprooued 5 the couetoufnejfe of the lif-»
fnngersofSepulchers,
■^ ■ . '. - . t . : . Noua

■ 'S\

I i^Kv H ^ *

lalia ; of

%g of the
: of the
of Bra."
France^

tr : The
the ma-'
iptaines^
:e comes
heir w^-
Saudges
fhment ;
trophies
moderne

^\»

trying of
iages in
e moHT"
'Brafilu
France^
^g of the
metouS'^

aHllois,
g of the
dud rvho
itttchers

theln^

NoH^

awM

?SS3^

i ::^:^'

_;I_^„

tati
Dul

inc(

^wr -••«<*r •'T*

't^.-

^^^

'. ^

3\(oua Francia.
The three late voyages and plan-^

tat ion ofMonfieur De Mo n T s , ofMonfieur

DuPont grauc, and of Monf/eurDcVowtnncouttj
into the Countries called by the Frenchmen La(^aMay ly-
ing to the Southweft of Cap Breton j together with an
excellent feuerallTreatieof all thecopimo-
ditjes of the faid Countries : and ma-
ners of the naturall inhabitants
of the fame.

Chap. I.

The Patent of the French King to Monfeur D e M o N T_5,
for the inhabiting of the Countries ofLz, Cadia>
Canada , and other places in
new France,

E K R Y by the grace of God King

of France and Nauarre. To our

^T Ni n^^^ F^ dcarc and welbcloued the Lord of

tS w^^S^A\ K^ Mnnr^, nnenf fhenrdinarieGen-

" " " ' " tlemenof our Chamber, greeting.

As our greatedcare and labour is,
and hath alwaies beene , (ince our
c omming to this cro wne, to raain-
taine and confcrue it in the ancient
dignitic , greatneffe and fplendor thereof, to extend and
amplifie, as much as lawfully maybe done^ the bounds

A and

!^\\

t- %

'■i^:\

V: A

0.—

',o

-J'^^v

«*

.Jk4ki-

= r

Pfar

tunc

la-nju/elmc Jta

J MiMot excuJtt

-h

lARCVS I

-U.

E^ CO TES DE LOCE AN 'en LA FloVV^ELLE FRANCE

cudtt

LtLSCA?BOT nunc pnmuff! dirhtfauxf ^uhhc(iui( Jonautt

y^ufc jjrtuiU/je iuRpy

N0M Trimid.

andlimitsofthefame. Wcbeing,ofalongtiiiie>inforine(I
ofchc (icuacion and condition of the lands and cerricories
oiLa C^^/i/f , mooued abouc all things , with a fingular
zeale, and deuout and conflant refolution, which we haue
taken , with the helpc and aflTiftance of God , author, di*
ftribucor, and protestor of all kingdomcs and edates, ta
caufe the people , which doe inhabireche Countries men
r (at this prefent time) barbarous, Atheifts, without faith
^ or religion, to be conuerted to ChriHianitie, and to the be«
leefeand profeflTion of our faith and religion ;and to draw
them from the ignorance and vnbcleefe wherein they are.
Hauingalfoofa long time knowen by the relation of the
Tea CaptaineS) Pilots , Marchants and othcrs,who of long
time haue haunted, frequented and traf&cked with the
people tha' are found in the (aid places,how friiitfull,com-
modious and profitable may beevntovSy to our cOates
and fubie£ls, tbe.dwelling , pofTefTion, and habitation of
thofe countries , for the great and apparent profit which
may be drawcn by the greater frequentation & habitude
which may be had with the people that are found there,&
the trafHckc and commerce which may be, by thatmeans^
fafcly treated and negotiated. Wee then for thcfe caufes
fully troftingon your great wifedome, and in the know-
ledge and experience that you haue of the qualitic, condi-
tion and ficuation of the faid countrie oiLa Cadia : for the
diuers andfundrynauigations, voiages and frequentati^
ons that you haue made into thofe parts , and others ncere
and bordering vpon it : AfTuring our felues that this our
refolution and intention, being committed vnto you , you
will attentiuely, diligently, andnolefTe couragioufly and
valouroufly execute and bring to fuch perfe^ionas we
dcfirc: Haueexprcfly appointed and cftablifhcdyou^and
by thcfc Prcfents, figned with our own** hands , doe com-
mit, ordaine , make, conflitute and eHablifh you , our
Lieutenant generall , for to reprefent our perfon , in the
countries^ cerricories^ coafls and confines oi'La Cadia. To

beein

\':

J^^

TlfM FranAu

begin from the 40 degree vncoche4^. Andinthefame
diftance^ or part of it, as farre as may be done, to e(labli(b,
extend and make to be knowneour name , might and au«
thoricie. And vnder the fame to fubie^V, fubmit and bring
to obedience all the people of the faid land and the bor-
derers thereof : And by the meanes thereofiand all lawful!
waies, to call, make, in(lru£l> prouoke and incite them to
the knowledge of God, and to the light of the faith and
Chridian Religion, to eftabli(h it there ; And in the exer-
cife and profedion of the fame, keepe and conferuethe
faid people , and all other inhabitants in the faid places,
and there to command in peace, red and tranquillitie, as
well by fea as by land : to ordaine, decide, and caufe to be
executed ail chat which you (hall iudge fit and neccfTarie
to be done, for to maintaine , keepe and conferue the faid
places vnder our power andauthoritie, by the formes,
waies and meanes prefcribed by our lawes. And for to
haue there a care of the fame with you , to appoint cfla-
bli(h,andconftituteall officers, as well in the affaires of
warre,as fbrIufticeandpolicie,for the firfl time, and from
thence forward to name and prefent them vnto vs : for to
be difpofed by vs, and to giue letters, titles,and fuch pro-
uifoes as (hall be neceffarie. And according t > the occur-
rences of affaires , yourfelfe with the aduicc of wife and
capable men, to prefcribc vnder our good plcafure,
lawes, flatutesand ordmances conformable , as much as
may be poffible, vnto ours, fpecially in things and matters
that arenotprouidedby them : To treat and contralto
the fame effeA,peace,alliance and confederacy > good ami-
tie, correfpondencie and comunication with the faid peo-
ple & their Princes >or others, hauing power or command
ouer them: To entertaine, keepe, and carefully to obferu«»
the treatifes and alliances wherein you (hall couenant with
chem : vpon condition that they themfelues performe the
fame of their part. And for want thereof to make open
warres againll them, to conAraine and bring them to fuch

A a reafon.

ii-

^UA Francia.

rcafon, as you rnallthinkcnccdfull,forthehonour,obecIi-
cncc and ieruiccof God, and the eftablidjment, mainte-
nance and conferuation of our faid auchoritie amongft
them : at lead to haunt and frequent by you , and all our
fubiefts with them, in all aflurance, libcrtie,frequentation
and communication , there to negociateand trafEcke lo-
uingly and peaceably. To giue and grant vnto them fa-
uors andpriuiledges , charges and honors. Which intirc
power abouefaid , we will likewife and ordaine , that you
haueouerall our faid fubicdls that will gor in thatvoiagc
with you and inhabite there, trafficke, negociate and re-
maine in the faid places, torctaine, take, referueand ap-
propriate vnto you, what you will and (hall fee to be naoft
commodious for you, and proper to your charge, quahtie
and vfe of the faid lands, to diftribute fuch parts and por-
tions thereof, to glue and attribute vnto them fuch titles, ,
honors , rights, powers and faculties as youftiallfee nc-
celTaric, according to the qualities , conditions and me-
rits of the perfons of the fame countrie or others. Chiefc-
ly to populate, to manure, and to make the faid lands to be
inhabited,as fpecdily,carefully & skilfully , as time,placcs
& commodities may permit. To make rhereof,or caufe to
be made to that end, difcoueric and view along the mari-
time coades and other countries of the mainc land, which
you (hall order & prefcribe in thefbrefaid fpacc of the 40
degree, to the 46 degree,or othcrwifc as much and asfarre
as may be, along the faid coafl:, and in the firme land. To
make carefully to be fought and marked all forts ofmincs
of gold and offiluer, copper, and other mett als and mine-
rals, to make them to be digged , drawne from the earth ,
purified and refined,for to be conuerted into vfe,todifpofe
according as we haue prefcribed by Edifts and oroers
which wchauemadein this rcalme of the profit and be-
nefit of them , by you or them whom you fhall eflabli(h to
thatefFeft , referuing vnto vs onely the tenth pcnic, of
that which (hall ifTue from them of gold, filucr, and cop-

-• per.

Noua Trancia,
that vvhich

vvhicnwc might takcof the

per , Icauing vnto you tnat vvnicn we mignt takci
other faidmettals and minerals , for to aide and cafe you
in the great cxpenfes that the forefaid charge may bring
vnto you. Willing in the meanc wliile , that as well for
your fecuritie and commoditie, as for the fecuritie and
commoditie of all our fubicfts, who will goc , inha-
bite, and trafficke in the faid lands: as generally of all
' others that will accommodate thcmfelues there vndcr

^ our power and authorities you may caufc to bee, built

and frame one or many forts, places , Towncs , and all
other houfes, dwellings and habitations , Ports, Hauens,
retiring places and lodgings, as you (hall know to be fit,
profitable and neceiTaric for the performing of the faid
Ciiterprife. To eftablifh garrifons and fouldiers for the
keeping of them. To aide and ferue you for the effects a-
boue faid with the vagrant, idle perfons and ma(lerle{re,as Idle and ba.

f well out oftownes as of the countrie : and with them that nifhed men

be condemned to perpetuall baniflimcnt , or for three ^{"P^^ ' r^ * n-
' yeeres at the Icaft out of our Realme : Prouided alwaies '*"" ^"^^^^^^^
that it be done by theaduice, confent, and authoritie of
ourofficers. Ouer and belides that which is abouementi-
oned ( and that which is moreouer prefcribed , comman-
ded and ordained vnto you J?y the commidions and pow-
ers, which our moft dearc cofen the Lord of Ampuillc Ad-
mirall of France hath giuen vnto you, for that which con-
cerncth the affaires and the charge of the Admiraltie , in
the exploit, expedition, and executing of the things a-
boue faid ) to doe generally whatfocucr may make for the
conqucfl:, peopling, inhabiting and prcfciuation of the
faid land of Z4 Cadia , and of the coaftes , territories ad-

va| ioining, and of their appurtenances and dependencies,
vndcr our name and authoritie, whatfoeuer our felues
would & might doCjif we were there prefent in perfon,al-
though that the cafe fhould require a raorefpeciall order,
then we prefcribe vnto you by thefe Prefents : To the
contents whereof wee command , ordaine, and mofl ex-

A 3

prelli(

• ^

,<>■ '

prcflie doeenioineallour ludiccrs , officers and fubic^f^
to confornie theaifelues : And to obey and giue attention
vntoyou, in allandeuery the things abouefaid, their cir*
cumflances and dependencies. AlToto giue vnto you in
the executing of them all fuch aid and comfort, helpeand
aiTiftance, as you (hall haueneed of, and whereof the/
fiiall be by you required ; and this vpon paine of difobe*
dience and rebellion. And to the end nobody may pre-
tend caufe of ignorance of this our intention, and to bufitf
himfelfe in all, or in part of the charge, dignitieand au«
thoritie which we giue vnto you by thefe prefents : Wee
haue of our certaine knowledge, full power and regall au«
thoritie , leuoked, fupprcfTed and declared voide, and of
none efFc£^ heereafter, and from this prefent time, al other
powers and commiflions, letters and expeditions giuen
and deliuered to any perfon foeuer , for to difcouer , peo«
pie and inhabite in the fbrefaid extention of the faid lands»
lituated from the faid 40 degree , to the 46, whatfoeuer
they be. And furthermore we command and ordaine aH
our faid officers,of what qualitie 6c condition foeuer they
be, that after theife Prefents, or the duplicate of them (hall
be duely examined hy one of our beloued and trufty
Counfellcrs, Notaries and Secretaries , or other Notarie
Roy all, they doe vpon your requeft , demand and fute, or
vpon the fute of any our Atturneis , caufe the fame to be
read, publiftied, and recorded in the records ofthcirlurif-
di^ions, powers and preciR^s,feeking, as much as fhall
appertaine vnto them , to quiet and appeafe all troubles
and hinderances which may contradi^ the fame. For
fuch is our pleafure. Giuen at Fountain-Bleau the S day
ofNouember: intheycereofour Lord i ^03: And
of our reigne the 1 5 . Signed Henry: and
vndcrneath , by the King\ Potierj

Andfealed vponiinglela- ^ ;.

bell with yellow j

waxe*

Chan

Chap. I L

fhev^^g^ ofMonJieur Dc Monts into New France: what
accidents hapnedin the /aid voyage: Theeaufes oft hi
Icie hankl ^» Newfound Una: The impojing of.
names to certaine Torts : The per^
plexitie wherein they were hy
reafon oft he flay of the
otherjbipt

MOnfieur De Monts hauing made the Comnaiflionr
and Prohibitions before faid, to be proclaimed
chorow the Realrae of France , and efpecially:
thorow the Ports and maritime townes thereof > caufed
two (hips to be rigged and furnifhed, theonevnder the
Gondu£bofcaptaine7/>»9^^ of New-hauen, the other of
captaine ^^r^/Zof Honfleur. In the fir(l, he (hipped him-
felfe, with good number of men of account, as well Gen-
tlemen as others. And forafmuch as Mon(ieur De Poh^
trincottrt was, and had beene of along tknei de(irous to fee
thofe countries ofNew France, and there to findeout and
chufe fome fit place to retire himfelfeinto, with his i^i*
he, wife and children, not meaning to be the lail.thac
(houldfoUowand participate in the glory of fofaire and
§0diiois an enterprife, would needs goe.thither,and (hip-
pfedhimfelfewichthefaidMonfieur Ue Monts, carrying
with him fome quantitie of armours and munitions of The TetMig
warre*, and (b weighed anckers from I^ew-hauenthefe« foonhout of
ucmh day of March, 1(504: But being departed fome- Ncw-bauen.
what too foone, before the Winter had yet left off her fro-
zen weedjthey found ftore of Icie banks,againft the which
they were in danger to ftrike, and fo to be caft away : But Danger.
God, which hjchcrto hath profpered the nauigation of
thcfe voiagcs, prcfcrued thcnu ^

One might wonder , and not without caufe, why, in
the fame parallel, there is more Ice in this fea than m that

i4f

I'M W

mi •

W *

A perillous
ftorme.

Winde com-
monly good
in March for
the Ncvf
found lands.
The lie of
Sablon or
Sand.

ftgmU

of France. Whcrcunto I anfwcr, that the Ices that be
found in thofe fcas arc not originary fro the fame ch'matc,
but rather come from the Northerly parts, driuen with-
out any let thorow the vaft of this great Tea by the waues,
ftormes , and boifterousflouds, which the Eafterly and
Northerly vvindes doe caufe in Winter and Spring time,
and driue them towards the South and Weft : But the
French feas are (heltered by Scotland, England and Ire-
land: which is the caufe that the Ices cannot (all into it.
An other reafon alfo might be alleaged,and that is the mo-
tion of the fea , which beareth more towards thofe parts,
becaufe of the larger courfe that it maketh towards Ame-
rica than towards the lands of thefe our parts. The perill
of this voyage was, notonelyinthemeeting of the faid
bankesof Ice, but alfo intheftormes that vexed them:
One of them they had that brake the galleries of the Ihip:
And in thefe turmoiles, a loyner was caried away by a fea
or flafh of water to the next doore of death , ouerboord,
butheheldhimfelfe faftata tackling, which by chance
hung out of the faid (hippe.

The voyage was long by reafon of contraricwindcs,
which feldome hapneth to them that fet out in March for
the Newfound lands,which are ordinarilie caried with an
Eaftor Northrenwinde, fit to goe to thofe lands. Andha-
uing taken their courle to the South of the He of 4MilN#
Sahlon, or^Sand,for toQiunnc the faid Ices,they almoft fell
from Caribdis into ScjlU, going to ftrike towards the faid
He, during the thicke mifts that are frequent in that fea .

In the end, the fixt of May they came to a certain Port,
where they found captainc Rojpgnoloi New-hauen , who
did trucke for skins with the Sauagcs , contr^i-jeto the
Kings inhibitions , which was the caufe that iiisihip was
confifcated. This Port was called Le Port dtt Roffigml,
hauing ( in this his hard fortune ) this onely good, that a
good andfitHarboroughorPort, in thofe coafts beareth
his name.

From

: . s ! .

■i.

/ 'i

From thence coafting and difcoucringthclands , they
arriucd at another Porte , very faire , which they named
Le Port dn d^ofttton, by realbn that a Mutpon or Wether
hauing leaped oucrboord and drowned himfelfc came a-
boord againe, and was taken and eaten as good prize. By
fuch accidents many names haue anciently beene giuen on
thefuddcn, and without any great dehberation. So the
Capitol of Rome had his name, becaufe that in digging
there, a dead mans head was found. So the citie of Milan
hach beene called Medio/tWfim, that is to fay , halfe wooll,
for that the GahUs, catting the foundation thereof , found
a Sowe halfe couered with wooll : and fo of fundry others.

Being at the Port du Montton, they cabaned and lodged
themfelues after the fauagcfaftiion, cxpefting ncwes of
the other (hip, wherein was the visuals and other necef-
farie prouifion for thefoode and entertainment of them
that were to Winter there, being about an hundred men in
number. In this Port they tarried a moneth in great per-
plexitie, for fearc they had that fome finider accident had
hapned to the faid other (hippe, whofetbut the* tenth of
March , wherein was Monjieur Dtt Pont of Honfleur , and
the faid Captaine Morel, And this was fo much the more
important,for that of the comming of the faid fliip depen-
ded the whole fuccelTe of the bulmefle. For euen vpon
this long tarying, it was in queftion whether they (liould
returne into France or no. Monjieur De PonwtrincoHrt was
of aduice chat it were better to die there*, whereto the faid
MonfieurDe /^<?«f/ conformed himfelfe. Inthcmeane
while many went a hunting, others to fiOiing, for to ilorc
the kitchin. Neerc ^hti^xS Moutton Porte there is a place
fo replcniflied with Rabbets and Conies, that they almoft
did eat nothing elfe. During that time Monjieur C hant"
pidnvfu fencwitha fballoup to fecke farther offa fitter
place to retire themfelues, at which exploit he tarried fo
long, that deliberating vpoirthe returne, they thought to
leaue him behind :for there was no more visuals : and

B they

Le Vert <!»
Mitttita,

Capitol.
Milan.

About loau
Plancets.

Deliberation
vpon there
turne into
France*

Store of Co-

mes .

f:it I

^1 i'

The Englifii
Porte.
Cjtmpfeau
Tort,

Notehecrc
the good na-
ture and dili-
gence of the
Sauages.

La Bayt det
Jits,

The Tec CO-
rctih farther
to the Souih

i<M,

tlicy fciued themfelucswichihac, that was found in the
{2id\Roffignois{[vppc, without which they had been for-
ced to rccurnc into France, andfoto breakea faire enter-
prize at the very birth and beginning thereof joi toftaruc,
hail ing ended the hunting of Conies, which could not ftjll
contiwuc. Now the caufes of the ttaie of the fgid Movifieur
DnPonty and Captaine Morel, were two; the one, that
wanting a Cocice-boatc, they imploied their time in the
building of onCjin the land where they arriucd firft, which
was the Englifli Port: The other, that beuig conic at
Campfcan Port, they found there fourcdiips oiliaskes, or
mtnoiSimtlohndcLpt^, that didtrucke with the Saua-
ges, contrarie to the faid hihibitions, from whom they
tooke their goods , and brought the Maders to the faid
MonJiehrDe Aionts, who vfed them very gently. ; ,

Three weekes being expired, and the faid Monfitur Di
L^onts hauing nonewcs of the (hippc he looked for, he
deliberated to fendalongthecoaftto feekeforthem^ and
for that purpofedifpatched fome Sauages, to whom hce
gaue a French man for companie with letters. The faid
Sauages promifed to returneat the time prefixed , being
eight daie;, whereof they failed not. But as the focietic of
man and wife,agreeing well together , is a powerful tilings
fo thcfe Sauages before their departure, had a care of their
wiucsand children, and required vi£^uals forthem;which
was granted. And hauing hoifcd.vp failes, within few
daies after they found thofc that they fought for,at a place
called ///« Bays des Iks, who were thenilelues iw no leffc
feare or griere for the faid Monfieur De Adonts, than he of
them, becaufe they found not, during their voiage, thofc
markes and fignes that were agreed vpon bctweenc them,
whifhis y that Aionfieur DeUMonts rtiould hauc left at
Campfeatt, fomc croffc on a tree, or letter there fixed,
which he did not, hauing farrc ouer-fhot the faid C^mp'^
feau, by reafon that for the faid Iced bankes, he tooke his
way fomewhacfarre on the South , as we haue faid. So

. ; hauing

'i'T\

h
thl

fo{

th^

the]

ndin the
been for-
irc enter-
to ftaruc,
d not ftiJl
MonfieuT
one, that
lie in the
II, which

come at
'askgs, or
theSaua*
lom they

the faid

•

nfieur Di
:dfor, he
icm, and
hoin hee
rhe faid

hauing read the letters , the faid Mwjtenr Dh Poitt, and Manfieur d»
CaptaincCJW«r^/gauevpthcviftuals and prouifion that Pswi gociht*
tlicy had brought for them that flioiild Winter there, and Canada,!©
(oreturncdbacketovvards the great riuer of C^;7/?^.^j for {"^^^ ^^^
the trade of skinnes or fiirrcs. ' "'^'''

Chap. III.

fhs leAfting of Port dn Moutton : the accident of a man lojl in

the woods thejpace ofjtxteen daics: Baye Fran<ioi/e,»r French

Baje : Port '^jal: Theriuer of LEqmlle , a Copper

mine : The mifchiefe of golden mines : of

Diamonds :Tttrhfl ones,

AL New France in the end being conteincd in two
(hips, they waighed ankers from VontDuMout^
ton, for to imploy their time , and to difcouer lands
as much as might before Winter. We came to C^pe de Sa"
kle, or the Sandie Cape ; and from thence we failed to the
Baieof«$'^/»^^4r/^, where our men lay at anker fifteene
daies,whileft the lands and paflages as well byfeaasby
riuer might be dcfcried and knowen. This Baye is a very
faire place to inhabite , b^caufe that one \% readily carried
thither without doubling. There are mines of Iron & SiN
uer S but in no great abundance , according to the triall
made thereof in France. Hauin^foiorned there foroe i2
1 3 daies , a (Irange accident hapned , fuch as I will

CapDeSaUf^

or the Sandie

Cape.

Same Maries

Baye.

Faire place to

inhabite.

Mines of

Iron and Sil-

uer.

Ihauing

tell you. There was a ccrtaine Churchman of a good fa-
milic in Paris , that had adefire to perfbrme the voyage
With Monfieur De Monts, and that againfl the hkineof
his friends , who fentcxprcfly to Honfleur to diuert him
thcrof,and to bring him backc to Paris. The (hips lying at
anker in the faid Baye ofiy^wry^^ritf, he put himfelfe in
companie with fomethat went to fport themfclues in the
woods. Itcametopafle, thathauingflaiedtodrinkeata
brookc, hee forgat there his fword , and followed on his
way with his companie: which whenheperceiuedhee
-,-^- Bz returned

Anacci.
dent of a -
manloiHa
the woods
the fp ace of
i^.daies.

12-

La Bayt Fran

2^U4 Frmch. .

returned backc to fccke ic : but hauing found ir, forgctfull
from what part he came , and not conlidcrinc; vs hcihcr he
fhouldgocEaftorWclt, orothervvife ( for there was no
path ) he tookc his way quite contraric , rurninghis backc
tromhiscoinpanic , and To Ions; rrauclledthat hce found
hinifcUeatthcfcailioarc, whcr^nofhips vvcrctobcfecn,
(For they were at the other lide of a iiookt of land farrc
reaehingintothclca ) he imagined thathevvasforfakcn,
and began to bewaile liis fortune vpon a rockc. The night
being come, eueiy one being retired, he is found wanting:
heevvasasUed for of thofcthat had beencinthc woods,
they report, in what maner he departed from them, and
that (ince they had no newcs of him. Whereupon a Pro-
teftant was charged to hauc killed him, oecaufe they
quarrelled fometuncs for matters of Rehgion. T inaily ,thcy
founded a trumpet thorow the foreft , they (hot off the
. Canon diuers times , but in vaine : for the roaring of the
Sea, (Wronger than all that, did expell backe the found of
the faid Canons and trumpets. Two, three and foure dales
pafTc, hcappcareth not. In then r anc while the time ha-
Oens to depart , fo hauing taried fo long that hee was then
held for dead, they weighed ankers to goe further , and to
fee the depth of a Bayc that hath fomc4o leagues length,
and 14 ( yeaiS) ofbredth, which was named LaBaje
J'Aiwiji,'^, or the French Bay e. • • ' f^ •.• ■. i^'"-
In this Bay is the paflage to comcinto a Port, wherein*
to our men cntrcd,&: made fome abode, during the which
they had the pleafure to hunt an Elian , or Stagge, that
eroded a great lake of the Sea, which maketh this Port,
anddjdfwimmebuteafily. This Port is enuironed with
mountaiocs on the North fide : Towards the South be
fjmallbils, which (with the faid mountaines) doepowre
outathoufandbrookes, which make chat place pleafanter
than any other place in the world: therearc very faire falls
of waters, fit to make Mils of all forts. At the Eaft is a ri-
ucrbecweene the faid moimtaines andhils, in the which

Ships

fit

foi

del

fio

r^rcttuU
rthcrhc
W3S no
sbockc
: found
bcfecni
id farre
afakcn,
ic nighc

woods,
n, and
naPro-
ifc rhcy
ily,thcy

off the
g of the
[bund of
ire dales
ime ha-
/as then
, and to

jcngth.
La B aye

/herein-
e which
ge, that
lis Port>
cd with
Duth be
: powre
cafanter
lire falls
: isari-
which
Ships

.■■»

ii'i

2^cuA Frmcia.

Ships may (ailefifccene Leagues and more, and in a.'I this
diftance is norliiDgof both lides theKiuer butfaiie me-
dowes, wliich riucr was named V Scjmlle^ becaiifc that the
firft filli ral<en therein was an Eiyiilie, But the laid Port,
for the beauty thereof wai called ^Port %ayalL UVlonftenr
VePotttrincQHrt haumg found this place to be to his liking
demanded it, with the Lands thereunto adioyning, ot
mionlicurDe Monts , to whom the King had by commif-
fion, before infertcd, granted the dilhilnition of the lands
of New France from the40. degree to the 46. Which
.place was granted to the faid ^ionfictir D e ? omrincoHrt ,
who fince hath had letters of confiiniationforthe fame of
hisMaicftie, intending to retire himlclfc thither wjthhis
famihe, and there to eilabliih theChnftian and French
name, afmuchas his power riiallib'etch , and God grant
himthemcanes toaccomplilhit. The faid Porte contai-
neth eight leagues of circuit,beficles the riuer of U Bquillci,
There is within it two lies very faire and pleafant : the one
atthemouth of the faid riuer, which I deeme to be of the
greatncfTc ofthc Citic o{^eauuais : The other at the fide
ofrhe mouth of an other riuer,as broad as the riuer o£Oipr,
or Marne, cntiing within the faid Porte : The faid He be-
ing almoflof the greatneffe of the other : and they both
arc wooddy , In this Porte ,and right ouer againlt the for-
mer He, we dwelt three ycares after this voyage. We will
(peake thereof more at large heereafter.
From Port Royall they failed to the Copper minc,whcr-
ofwc hauefpoken before elfe where. It is a high rockc
bctwcene twoBayes of theSea, wherein the Copperis
conioy ned with the ftonc, very faire and very pure , fuch
as is that which is called Koz.ette Copper, Many Gold-
fmithes haue fecne of it in France, which doe fay that vn-
der the Copper Mine there might be a golden Mine:
whch is very probable. For if thofe excremejits that na-
ture expelleth foorth be fo purc,namely , fmall peeces that
arc found vpon the graucll at the footc ofthc Rockc,whcn
- iT B 3 it.

The 'lilt, of

L E'jnille,

Von H^yal^

A Copper
Mine.

InthezS.and
19. chap, of
ihcfccond
bookc ofthc
whole vo-
lume vntianr
ilatcd.

.bV

r"-^'

»4

TKint^ifii-ft
to be proiii-
dcdinncvf
pUntatioA.

f-iJ

'»

NOM.

■ '1
.*' 'I

.1.

Bfaiah u.
vcrC f .

it is low water, there is no doubcthat the inettatt which is
in the bowels of ihecarth '\% much more perfe£l, but this it
a worke that rcquireth time. The firfl mining and work-
ing is to haue bread, wine and cattcll, as we haue faid elfe
wncrc. Our fchcitie confiftcth not in Mines, fpecially of
gold £c filuer, the which ferue for nothing in the tillage of
the ground , nor to handicrafts vie. Contrariwife, the a«
bundance of them is but a charge and burthen, that keep-
eth man inperpetuall vnquiet.and chemore he hach thcre-
of> the Icflc rcit enloyethhe, and his life Icifcr afTured vnto
him.

Before the voyages of T^r^^i^great riches might hauc
beene fet vp in a fmal p!ace,in (lead tliat in this our age by
the abundance of gold and filuer the fame is come at no
value nor cftecm : One hath need of huge cheds and co^
fers to put in that,which a fmall budget might haue cotai-
ned. One might haue trauelled with a purfe in ones llceue,
& now a Cloake-bag and a horfe mud exprefly be had for
tt that purpofe. We may iuftly curfe the houre that greedie
*€ auarice did carry the Spaniard into the Weil, for the wo-
full euents that naue enfued thereof. For when I confider
that by his greedineiTe he hath kindled &i maintained the
warrethorow all Chridendome, and his onely Rudiehath
(c beene how to dcftroy his neighbors (andnottheTurke)
tt I cannot thinkethat any other but the diuellhath beene
« the author of their voyages. And let not the pretence of
it religion bealleaged vntomee : for(aswehaue faidelfe-
<( where) they haue killed all theofspring of the Countric
«c with the moft inhumainc torments that the diuell hath
<c beene able to excogitate. And by their cruelties hauc
(( rendredthenameofGododio\us, & a name of offence to
thofepoore people, and haue continually and daily blaf-
<r phemedhimincnemiddof theGentils, as the Prophet
" reprochcthtothcpcopleoflfrael. Witneffe him that had
" ratherbedamncd^thentogoetothe Paradife of the Spa*
" niardes. - ,, ,

The

«(

■H

tia
biiJ
hi!
thcl

pnj
ma

hichis
chisit
work-
lid elfe
ally of
lagc of
thca-
: kcep-
thcrc-
d vnro

c haue

age by

e at no

ndcof-

:c6cai-

llccuc,

had for

^rcedie

cwo-

nfider

led the

iehath

furkc)

beene

ncc of

delfe.

uiitrie

hath

haue

ncc to

Iv blaf.

ophct

at had

;Spa-

Thc

^U4 Francis.

r The Romaines (whofc couetottrnciTe hath bccnc Tnfa«
liable) haue made criicll wars to the nations of the Eaith^
biittiK Spanifli cruelties arc not to be found out in their
hiftones. They haue contented theinfclues to ranfacke
the i.arions which they haueouercommedj and not to de-
priucw' cm oftheirlmcs. An ancient hcathenifti author,
making triallofhis poetical! humor, findeth no greater
crime mthem, but that ifthey found out or difcouered
fomc people that had gold, they tookc them for their ene-
mies. The vcrfes of this Authour hauefo good a grace
that I mu{) needs infcrt tliem hecre, though I intend not to
aiicclgemuch Latine.

Orbem tarn totnm ^K^manus vi^or haMat,
^ua mnrejCjHa terra,cjua fidtts currit vtrunujuf,
NecfttiatHs erat,grMttdisfreta fnlfa carinis
lamperagraifautftr :Jt(jttisJiKHi abditm vhra.
Si qunforet tellm ^udLfnlvHrn mittevet aHrnm,
Hofiis erat tfatifque in trifiia he/UpAratu

0H^trebantHr opes, .

Butthedo£^rineof thcwife Sonne of J'/r^r^teachcth
vs a contrary thing. Forknowing that the riches Mvhich
are digged vp, cuenfromasdeepeas Plutoesdennes, are
that which fbme one hach faid> irritamentA mdorHmy hee
declared That mun to be happy that hath not rttnne after
gold,and hath not put his hope infiluer andtreafures-^ adding,
that he ought to be efieemed to haue done rvonderfull things
amenffaUm people, and to be the example of glory ^which hath
beene tempted by gold jAnd remained perfeB. And fo by a con-
trary fenfe the fame to be vnhappy that doth otherwifc.

Now to rcturne to our Mines. Among thefe Copper
rockes there is found fometimcsfmall rockes coueicd with
Diamons fixed to them. I will not affurc them for fine, but
that 1$ very plcafing to the fight. There arc alfo certainc
ihininir blew ftoncs, which arc of no leflc value or woorth
than Turkic ftoncs. Cj^onJieurDe Champdore our guide
for the naui^ations in thofe councries, hauing cue within a
.- rockc

Patroni'js
Aibiter,

EcclcHaft. I r.
vcr.1.9. x».

Dlamoncif.

Tuilcyfioiics,

^«''

rockc one of tliofc (loncs , at his rcturnc from New France
he brake it in two, and gauc one part of it to Monjieur De
JMonts^ the other to Monfieur D e Pofitnncofirtj'^jvhich they
inadetobe putingold,and V, -rcfound woorthy to bcprc-
fentcd the one to the King by the hiAPoutriytcourt , the
• other to the Qiiecne by the laid DeAdonts,zi\6, v\ ere very
well accepted. I remember that a Gold-lmith did offer
fifteene crownes to Monjieur De Poutrincourt for that he
prefented to his Ma ieftie. There be many other fccrets,rarc
and faire things within the ground of thofe Countries ,
which are yet vnknowen vnto vs , and will come to the
knowledge and euidence by inhabiting the prouincc*

G H A p. nil.

The defcription of the ri/ter Saint lohn : and of the lU Saint

(/roix: Themanlofiinthevpoodsfound out i6. daies after:

Examples offomefirange ahftinences : The difcord of the Sa^

nages deferred to theiudgement ^/Monfieur Dc Moots:

The fatherly author it ie amongfl the faid Sana-'

ges : fVhat htisbands tfjcy chhfe to ^

their Daughters^

HAuing viewed the faid Mine, the companie paf-
fed to the other tide of the French Baye, and went
towards the bottcme of the fame : Then turning
backe came to the riuer of Saint Iohn,fo called (as Ithinke)
becaufethey arriucd thither the foure 6c twentieth of June,
which is S. lohnBaptifls day. There is a faire Port,but the
cntrie or mouth is dangerous to them that know not the
bedwaies, becaufe that before the comming in there is a
long bankeof rockes, which are not fecne nor difcoucred»
The fall of a but onely at low water, which doc ferue as for defence to
I^uer. this Port , within which , when one hath gone about a

league, there is found a violent fall of the faid riuer , which
falleth downc from the rockes , when that the feadoth
cbbe^ wich a maruellous noife ; for being fometimes at an

anker

Saintlohns

Riuer.

Dangerous
commiflg in.

V France

■1

fieur De

ich they

>bcprc-

Hrt , the

ere very

id offer

r that he

rets,rare

iintrics ,

)e to the

ICC.

7tf Saint

fs after:

'thcSa-

4onts:

nic paf-

id went

turning

Lthinkc)

oflunCy

,butthe

DOC the

"^jI

icrcis a

-MB

ouercd.

fence to

' ^K

about a

; if

) which

ea doth

es at an

anker

kerat Tea, wthaue heard ic from abouetwclue leagues o(F.
Bur at full fea one may pafTeic with great (liips. This riucr
is one of the faired that may be fcene, hauing (lore of
Hands, and fwarming with filhes. This laft ycere 1608.
chefaid LMonJieur de Champdorc , with oneof the faid
Monfieur De Monts his men, hath beene fome /o leagues
Yp the faid riucr : and do wicnefTe ihac there is great quan-
ticie of Vines along the (horc , but the grapes arc notfo
biggcas they bee in the country of the Armouchiquois :
There are alfo Onions,& many other forts of good hearbs.
As for the trees they are the fayreft that may be fcene.
When we were there we faw great number of Cedar trees.
Concerning fiOics the faid cfjampdore hath related vnto
vs , that putting the kettle ouer the fire, they had taken
fi(h fufHcicBt for their diner before that the water was hot.
Morcouer this riucr, dretching it felfe farre within the
lands of the Sauages doth maruelloudy (horcen the long
trauels bymeanes thereof. For in fix dales they goe to
Cafiipe comming to the bay or gulfe ofChaieur, or neace,
when they are at the end of it, in carying their Canowcs
fome few leagues. And by the fame riucr in eight daies
chey goe to Tadouffac by a branch of the fame which com-
meth from the North- Wed. In fuch fort that in Port Roy*
all one may haue within 15. or 18. daies newes from the
Frenchmen dwelling in the great xvacxo^CanadaXyy thefe
waies : which could not be done in one rooneth by fea^ nor
without danger.

Leauing Saint lohns riucr , they came following the
coad 20. leagues from that place, to a great riucr (which
is properliefca) where they fortified themfclucs inalittle
Hand featedin thcmiddcll of this riucr, which the faid
Champlein had bcene to difcoucr and view. And feeing it
drongby nature,and of cade defence and keeping, befides
that "the feafon began todide away , and therefore it was
behoucfull to prouide of lodging , without running any
hithcx^ they rcfolued to make their abode there. I will

C noc

i^ol*

Vines,

Great jrjpcs
among the
Armouchi-
quois.
Abundance
offiHies.

TheCom-
moditie of
Yoyagingbjr
thehuer.

The II. of 5.

Croix, xo.
leagues frofll
S. lohns riuer.

IP' "■I'lRTiT

He that will
oflcffc a

!?i

V ii

not fifr out curioufly the rcafons of all parts vpon the rcfo»-
lution of this their dwelling ; but I will alwaics be of opi-
. lid ought to nion ,thatwhofoeuer goes into a countric to pofTcfTc it^
place himfdfc muft not flay in the l!es,thcre to be a prifoner. For, before
in the mai! < j^jj things, the culter and tillage of the ground inuft be re-
orfinnchnd. ^^^.j^j And I would faine know how one (hall till and
manure it, if it bchoucthat eueryhoureintheniorning,at
noonc and the eucning, to crofTc a great pafTage of water,
to goe for things rcquifite from the firmcland. And if one
fcarcth the enemy , how fhall he that husbandcth the land ,
orothcrwifc bufiein ncceflarie affaires ,faue himfelfc if he
bcpurfued ? for one findeth not alwaics a boat in hand,
in time of need e, nortvvomentocondu£lir. Befides,our
life requiring many commodities, an Hand is not fit for to
begin the eftablifhmcnt and feat of a Colony, vnlcflc there
be Currents and ftreames of fwect water for to drinkc,and
to fupplie other nccefTarics in houfhold, which is notin
fmall Hands. There needeth wood for fucll, which atfoii
not there. Butaboue all , there mufl be flickers from the
hurtfull winds and colde : which is hardly found m a fmall
continent, inuironcd with water of all fides. Neuerthc-
lefTe the Companie foiorned there in the mideff of a broad
riuer, where the North wind and North-Weft bloweth at
will. And becaufe,that two leagues higher there be brooks
that come crofTe- wife to fall within this large branch of
fca, the He of the Frenchmens retreat was called Saint
Croix, 2 5 . leagues diftant from Port "B^ya/. Whilcft that
they begin to cut downc Cedars and other trees of the
faid He to make neceflary buildings,lct vs rcturne to fecke
out Mafter Ntcola^ Anhri, loft in the woods , which long
time fince is holden for dead.

As they began to vifit and fearch the Hand, Monjtetit
de Champdore (of whom wc flial henceforth make mentio,
by rcafonhedwelt foure yeeres in thofe parts, conduc-
ing the voyages made there) was fent backe to the Bay of
Saint Mary, witliaMinc-findcr, that had tccne caricd

thither

tliitl

aid.i

into]

pai

llanil

goinj

wicl

hclpl

hccr

I h'

ntIicrcro».
beof opi-
)ofrcfrc it,
or, before
mftbcrc-
kll till and
orning,at
of water,
^nd if one
the land,
fclfcifhc
in hand,
fides, our
fit for ta
"flc there
inkc,and
is not in
ichalfoii
from the
nafmall
euerthc-
Fa broad
)weth at
cbroolc*
ranch of
cd Saifft

Jeff that
s of the .
tofccke
ch Jong

Tientio,
>ndiift-

Bayof

caried

thither

iliither for to get fomc Mines of filucr & Iron , which they
did. And as they had crofTcd the French Bale, they entrcd R^^i'^ne to
into the faidBaie of Saint CMarie , by a narrow ftrait or SaL^^^f^rf*
pafTage, which is betwccnc the land ^{fort %^yal, and an vvhcrc the '*
Hand called the LonglU: where after feme abode they loft man was
going afifhing, the faid Anbri perceaued them, and began ^f'""*^ ^g-^'"'
with a feeble voice to call as loud as he could j and for to ^^" ^^"S ^^^'
hclpc his voice he aduifcdhimfclfcto doc ^% Ariadne did
hccretofore toT'/j^/e'///,

Candidaque imp ofnt longd ve lamina virg4t^
Scilicet oblitosadmonirHr A mei.
For he put his handkcrchcr, and his hat on a flaue^ end,
wliich made him better to be knovven. For as one of them
hcu d the voice, and asked the reft of the companie, if it
might be the faid Alonfteur Anbri, they mocked & laugh-
ed at it. Bi:t after they had fpied the mouing of the hand-
kcrcher andoi the hat, then they began tothinke that it -
might be hee. And comming necrc, they knew perfeft-
ly it was himfclfe, and tooke him in their Barke with great
ioy and concentmci.t the fixifeenthday after he had loft
himfelfe. Diners in this later age haue (luffed their books
and hift orics with many miracles, wherein is not to bee
found fo g;rcat caufe of admiration as in this . For during
thcfc fixtCtndaies hee feddc himfelfe but by (I know not Chcrics.
what) fmali fruits , like vnto Chcrics, without kcrncl,(yct
not fo delicate) which arc fcarfly found in thofc woods.
And indeed in thefc laft voyages a fpeciall graceand fauor
of God hath beenccuident in many occurrences , which
we will marke as occafion (hall be offered.The poore Aft--
kri ( I call him fo by reafon of his afHiflion ) was, as one
may eafily thinke 9 maruelloufly weakened. They gaue
him food by meafure , and brought him backe againe to
the companie at the Hand of Saint Croix , wherof eucrie
one receaued an incredible icy and confolation 9 andefpe-
cially Monjieur D e Monts, whom it concerned more than
any other. Doe not alleagc vnto me the Hifloriesof the

C 2 Maide

■i,

I ,1)

m
%<

i«

Jcbn}yter\n
the treatic Di
itiHrnufom"
mntf.

Miidc of ConfolaM, in the Countric of Poison: which w»
two y cares without eating, fomc fix ycares agoc,nor of aa
other nccre *Berne in Swijfer-landy which loft ( not yet full
ten ycares ago )the dcfirc and appetite of eating,during all
her lifetime , and other like examples : for they bee acci*
denes hapned by the difordering of nature. And conccr-
ningthac which PZ/^^recitcth, that in the rcmotcft parts
of the Indies, in the inferiour parts of the fountaine and
fpring of the riuer Ganges, there is a nation ofAfioms, that
is to fay, Mouthlefle people , that Hue but with the oncly
odour and exhalation of certaine rooces,{lowers and fruits
which they allume through their nofes: I would hardly
beleeueit, but would thinke rather thatinfmelling they
might bite very well of the faidrootes and fruits: As alfo
thofe that lames ^artier mentioneth to haue no mouths,
and to eat nothing, by the report of the Sauage DomacoMp
whom he brought into France to make rccitall thereof to
the King, with other things as voidc of common fenfe
and credit as that. But imagine it were true , fuch people
haue their nature difpofed to this maner of liuing , and this
cafe is not alike. For the faid ^uhri wanted no ftomacke
nor appetite, and hath liued fixteene daics,pardie nourifh.
cd by fome nutritiue force, which is in the aire of that
countrie, and partly by thofe fmall fruits before fpokcni
God hauing giuen him ftrength to endure this longwane
of food, preicruing him from the flep of death. Which I
finde ftrange, and is fo indeed. But in the Hiflories of our
time there be found things of greater maruell. Among o*
thcr things of one Henrj £ie HajfeU, merchant trafficking
from the Low Countries to Berg inNorwege : who hauing
heard a belly- god Preacher fpeaking ill of the miraculous
fids , as though it were not in Gods power to doc that
which he hath done in times paft, prouoked by it, did af-
fayto faft, and abftained himfelfc three daies from ea^
ing : At the end whereof, being pinched with hunger,
tookc a roorfell of bread /meaning tofwallow it downe

if i

lich w»
iior of aa
ytt full
uring all
jcc acci-
conccr-
ft parts
ainc and
V, thac
ic oncly
nd fruits
1 hardly
ing they
; As alfo
mouths,
onnacoftdp
bcrcof to
ion fenfe
h people
, and this
(lomacke
Enouri(h«
re of that
t fpokeni
ongwant
Which I
ics of our
mong ©•
afficking
o hauing
iraculous
doe that
i did af-
rom eat*
hunger,
t downe
Yvicb

¥"*

^ith a glaffc of Becrc : but all that ftuckc fo in his throate,
chat he remained forty dales and forty nights without ci-
ther eating or drinking. That time bcmg ended, he vomi-
ted out by the mouth that which he had eaten and drunkc,
which all that while remained in his throat. So long an ab«
ftincncc weakned him in fuchfort , that it was needfull to
fuftaineand reftore him with milke. The Gouernour of
the countrey hauing vnderftood this woonder,ca]led him
before h:m,and inquired of the truth of the matter; where-
of being incredulous, would make new triall of it, and ba-
iling made him carefully to bee kept in a chamber , found
the thing to be true. This man is praifcd for great pietic,
fpecially towards the poore. Sometime after being come
for his priuatc affaires to Brnxelles in 'Brabant , a Creditor
ofhisjtobereauehim of his due , accufed him of hcreiio,
and fo caufed him to be burned in the yeere 1545 .

And (ince one of the Chanons of the citie oi Liege, ma- ihUt^t^
king triall of his flrength infafting, hauing continued the
fame euen to the feuenteenth day, felt himfelf fo weakned^
that vnlefTe he had beene fuddenly fuccoured by a good
refloratiue, he had quite peri(hed.

A yopguc Maid oiBuchotd, in the territorie of Munfler iltUtm,
InfyefiphaltajzBi^edvfkh griefeofminde,and vnwilling
to (lirre or goe abroad from home, was beaten by her mo«
ther forthe fame , which redoubled her dolour ,.in fuch
fort, that hauing lofl her naturall red , was foure moneths
without either drinking or eating, fauing that fometimes
ihe did chaw fome rolled apple, and walhed her mouth
nkhsLlittlcT nfa?te.

The Ecclefiafticall Hiftories, among a great number of Budgrlm Uh.i '»
fafters, make mention of three holy Hermites, all named ofthcEcdc-
SimeoHy which did liue in ftrange aufteritic and long fafts, |ja^'"JJ bi-
as of eight daies , and fifrecnc daies continuance, yea £^,Jj*^^,^yp^„
longer, not hauing for all their dwelling but a Columne the Mar^ui
or Hermitage where they dwelt and Icdde their liues : by Rom.j>,
wafon whereof they were named Stclites , that is to faie, ^'«»>.
t- C 3 C^lumnarieii

ThcSauagc
fubuiit
themfelues to
the cenfure
ofMonfieur
V«M$ntsm
in their vari-
ances.

The fathers
authoricie in
inAriage.

The
taufe tht
of Sauages-
pleadcd be-
fore Ahmfieur
Di Moms,

0///iw«*r/V/,a$ dwelling in Colunincs. * •

But ail chefe before allcagcd>hacl partly re(blued them<
felues to fuch fads , and partly had by little and little ac«
cuRomcd themfelues to it , fo that it was not very Rrange
for them to faft fo long : which war not in him of whom
wefpeake. And therefore his faft is the more to be admi-
red, by fo much as that he had not in any wife difpofcd
himfclfc thereto, and had not vfcd thefe long auftcrities.

After hehadbeenecheriflicd, and they foiourncd yet
fometimc, to order thebuiinclTe, and to view the l^ds
round about the He Saint Croixy motion was made to fend
backe the fhippcs into France before Winter , and fo they
that went not thither to Winter , prepared themfelues for
thcreturne. The meane while the Sauagcs from about all
their confines came to fee the mancrs of the Frenchmen:
Sc lodged themfelues willingly neere them: alfo in cettaine
variances hapned amonglV themfelues , they did make
MonpeHrDeMonts hid^c of their debates ; which is a be-

finnmg of voluntarie fubiedion ,from whence a hope may
e conceaued,that thefe people wil foone conformc them-
felues to our maner of liuing.

Amongftother things hapned before the departing of
the faid fhips, it chanced one day, that a Sauage called J^i-
tuAni, finding good relidi in the kitchin of the faid Mott"
Jieur DeMonts, fetled himfclfe therein , doing there fomc
feruice: And yet did make louetoaMaide, by way of
marriage^ the which not being able to haue with the good
hking and confenc of her father, herauiflied her and tooke
her to wife. Thereupon a great quarrell enfueth. And in
the end the Maid was taken away from him, and returned
to her fathers. A very great debate was like to follow, were
it nor that BituMni complaining to the faid MonfieurDe
M«nts for this iniury,the others came to defend their caufe
faying , (to wit.the father aflifted with his friends) that he
would not^iue his daughter to a man, vnlcffe he had fome
meanes by his indudric to nouriih and maintainc both her
:'^-.s.<- y..^ : ^ " and

them*
tic ac-
hange
whom
admi-
ifpofcd
ricics.
icd yet
e l^nds
to fend
fo they
hies for
jout all
:hmcn :
ccttainc
d make
iisabc-
jpemay
c them-

rting of

led Bi'

JHon^

efome

way of

ic good

d tooke

And in

eturncd

WjWerc

leurDe

ircaufe

that he

id fome

oth her

and

NdUA Fnncid.

and the children that (hould proceed of the manage : Ai

for him he faw not any thing that he could doe : That he

loitered about the kitchin of the faid Monfieur deMonts,

not excrcifing himfelfe ahunting. Finallic, that he (hould

nothaue thcniaide, and ought to content himfelfe with

that which was paded. The faid MonJicHrDe Ai^nts ha-

uing heard both parties, told them, that he detained him

not, and that the faid Bttnam was a diligent fellow and

fliould goe ahunting to make proofe of what he could do.

But yet for all that they did not rcftorc the maide vnto

him, vnrillhe had (hewed cffcftuallythat which the faid

Monfieur De A fonts had promifed of him. Finally , he go- Store ofSaUt

eth afifhing, taketh great (lore of Salmons , the maide is mon$.

redcliuercd him, and the next day following he came, clo- Beucr».

thed withafaire newgowne of Beuers well feton with MdMchitu be

Matachias y to the fort which was then a building for the Jace$,beadcs,

Frenchmen, bringing his wife with him , as triumphing fJch Jrfnck°e«

for the vi^ory, hauing gotten her, as it were by dint of

fword : whom he hath euer fince loued dearely, contraric

to the cuftome of the other Sauages 2 giuing vs to vnder-

nand,that the thing which is gotten with pame, ought to

bemuchchcri(hed.

By this adlion we fee the two mo(l confiderable points
in matter of mariage to bee obferued among thefe peo-
ple, guided oncly by the law of nature : That is to fay, the
fatherly authority > and the husbands induftrie : A thing
which I haue much admired, fceing,thatinour Chriftian
Church, by 1 know not what abufe, men haue lined many
ages , during which the fatherly authority hath beene dif-
pifedand fet at naught, vntillthatthcEccle(ia{licall con-
uentions haueopencd their eies, and knowenthat thefamc
was euenagaini} nature itfclfc : And that our Kings by
lawes and Edicts hauereefl=abli(hed in his force this father-
lie authority : which notwithftanding infpirituall maria-
gcsand^owes of religion hath not yet recoucred his anci- * ;

cnt gloric : And hath (intliis refpe^) his proppe but vp«

V >■

"- . w

'■''!«t

«4

The Jcfcrip.
tionofthelle
ofSainc

The fruitful,
oeflfe of the
Code.

The Hand

halfe a league
ia compaftu

V/tfi TrintUl

en the Courts ofParlamcnts orders^the which ofrentimei
haue conflirdined the detainers of Children^co rcflore them
CO their parents.

C H A p. V^

The definition of the Hand of Saint Croix i The ent erf rife ef

Monficur De Monts difficult and generous yjet ft ^fectt*

ted through enuie : The returne ofLMonfie$erDc

Poutrincourtinto France : theferils

ofthevoiage,

BEforcwefpeakcofthcShips returne into France, ti
is meeteco tell you how hard the lleof Saint Croixit
to be found out, to them chat were neuer there. For
there are fo many lies and great Baies to goe by jbefore one
be at it,that I wonder how euer one might pierce fo far for
CO finde it.There are three or foure mountams,imminent a*
bouetheotherSjon the (ides : But on the North fide, from
whence theriuer runneth downe, there is but a iharpe
pointed one, aboue two leagues diClant. The woods of the
maine land are faire and admirable high and well growen*
as in likemaner is the grade. There is right ouer againft
the Hand fi:e(h water brookes, very pleafant and agreeable^
where diuers of CJ^^n/TMr ^eLMonts his men did their
bufinefTe , and builded there certaine Cabanes. As for the
nature of the ground itismofl excellent and mod abun-
dantly fruitful!. For thefaid AfonfieurDe Monts hausng
caufcd there fome peece of ground to be tilled, and the
fame fowed with Ric (for I haue fecne there no wheat) hec
was not able to tarry for the maturitie thereof to reapeit:
and notwithftanding, the sraine, fallen, hath growen and
increafed fo wonderfully that two y eeres after wee reaped
and did gather of it as faire, bigge and waigbtie, as any in
France, which thefoile had brought foorth without any
iilhf^c : and yetat this prefent it doth continue Hill to mul-
Idply every ycere. The 6id Hand concaineth fome halfe a

league

rentimet
>rethcfli

erprlfitf

ance, ti
Croix it
TC. For
fore one
b far for
linenca*
icjfroin

Jsofttie
;rowcnt

againft
;reeablc»
iidcheir
s for the
I abun«

hauing
andthe
eat) he«
eapeit:
vcn and
reaped
s any in
out any
tomul-
ihalfe 1

league

Icli.

N0U4 F rancid* 2j

Icao'uc of circuit,and at the end of it on the fca fide, there is

a Mount or fmall hill,which is(as it werc)a little He fevered

fromtheother, where-<4/<9«/J"f//r^<?^(?«/j his Canon was

placed : There is alfo a little Chapell built after the fauagc

falliion. Ac the foot of which Chapell there is fuchttore Store ofMuf-

ofmuflds as is wonderflill, which may be gathered at low

water, but they are fmall : Ibeleeue that Monfteur De

Monts people did not forget to chufeand take the biggeft,

and left there but the imali ones to 2;row and increalc. As

for the exercife and occupation of our French men, during

the time ofthcir abode there, we will mention it bricfcly,

hauing firft conduced backe our ihips into France.

The Sea and maritime charges in fuch enterprifes as that
oiMonfieur De Monts, bcfo great, that he who hath not
a good (locke and foundation (hall eafilie Hnke vnder fuch
a burthen, and for to fupplie, in fome fort, thofe expenccs,
one IS forced to fufferand beare infinite difcommodities,
and put himfclfein danger to bee difcrcdited among vn«
knowen people, and which is worfe,in a land which is vn-
manured, and all ouer growen with forefts. Wherein this
?.ftion is the more generous , by fo much as the perill is
moreeuidently dangerous j and notwithftanding all this,
fortune is not left vnattempted,and to trcade downe fo ma-
ny thornes that ftop the way. Monfteur De Monts his
Ihipes returning into France , he remaineth in a defolate
place, with one barke and one boate onely. And though
heispromifed to be fentfor home at the end of they cere,
who may afTure himfclfe of ^^olm and Nepttmes fidelitie,
twocuill , furious, vnconftanrand vnmercifull Mafters?
Behold the cftarc whereunto the faid Monfteur De Mcnts
reduced himfelfe,hauing had no helpe of the King,as hauc
had al thofe voiagcs that hauc bcene heeretofore defcribcd
(except the late Lord LMarcjuis de la "K^che ) and yet it i%
he that hath done more than all there(l,not hauing yet loft
his hold. But in the cnd-I fearc he lliail be conftrained to
giue ouer and forfake all, tc the great lliame and reproch

Bnuy vpon
the priuilcdge
granted to
Monfititr De
MoHts vpon
Bcucrs.

of che French name, which by thii meanei is made ridicu-
lous and a by word CO other nations. For (as though one
would of fee purpofe oppofe himfelfe to the conucrlion
of thcfc poorc Weftcrly people, and to the fctting forward
of the glorie of God and the Kings) there be men dart vp,
full of ylHarice Sit\d Enme: men which would not giuea
ftroke , or draw their fwords for the Kings fcruice ( as
Monfieur I)e Poutrincourt (hewed one daicto his Maiefly)
n»en which would not indurc thcleafllabourinthe woild
for the honour of God , which doe hinder that any profit
be dravven from the very prouince itfclfe , to furnifhto
that which is necefTaricto the enablidiitienc of fucha
worke, hauing rather that Englifhmen and Hollanders
reapeihe profit thereof than Frenchmen, and feekingto
make the name o\ God vnknowen in thofe parts of the
world. And fuch men, which hauc iw fcare of God (for if •
they had any they would be zealous of his name ) are
heardy arebeleeuedi and carry things away at their plea-
fure.

Now let vs prepare and hoife vpfailes. Monfieur De
Poftrr-Mcourt made the voyage into thefe parts withfomc
men of good fort, nor to winter there, but as it were to
feeke out iiis feat , and finde out a land that might like him.
Which he hauing done, had no neede to loiorne there any
longer. So then the Ships being readie for theretuine, he
fhipped himfelfe, and thofe of his compai«y, in one of
them. The mcane while the fame was from all fides in
thefe parts, of the wonders made in Ollend. then befieged
by their Highneilc of Flanders, alreadic three y cares paf.
fed. The voyage was not without ftormes and great perils:
£br amongf) others, I will recite two or three w hit h mi<rht
be placed among miracles , were it not that the .Sea-acci-
dents are frequent enough , nrt :hat 1 will.forall thar,dar->
kenthefpcciall fauour that God hathalwaies flicwcdin
Thcfirft thefe voyages.

pcrill Thefirftisofaguftof windc,whichinthcn)iddeftof

their

Tbereturnc

ai Monfieur
VeVouttmm
twrt into
Franccrf

NdUd T fin C$4. 27

their naui^tion came by nighc inftantlie to (trikein the
faileStWichiuch a violent boiitroufncfle chat it ouerturned
the (liipin fuchmaner^thatof theonc part the kcelewas
on the face of the water , and the faile fwimming vpon it,
without any tneanes or time to right it, or to ioofe the
caokles. On the fudden the fea is all afire, and the Mariners
themfclues, all wet, didfecmeto bee all com palled with
flames, fo furious was the Sea (the Sailers call this ^x^ Saint
Goudrans fire ) and by ill fortune , in this fudden furprife,
there was noc a knife to be found for to cut the cables or the
faile. The poore (hip, during this cafualtie , remained o-
uercurned, caried continually, one while vpon Mountaines
of waters, then another while funckcn downe euen to hell.
Briefcly.euery one did prepare to drinke, more than his
belly full , to all his friends , when a new blaft of windc
came, which rent the faile in a thoufand peeces, euer after
vnprofitableto any vie. Happy farlc ! hauing by hisruinc
faued all this people*, for if it had beene a new one they had
beenecafl away, and neuernewes had beene heard ofthem.
But God doth often trie his people , and bringeth them e-
uen to deaths d(X)re, to the end they may know his pow-
erfull might, and feare him. So the fliip began to flur and
rifeagaineby little and little : And well was it for them
thatfhe was deepe keeled, for if it had beene a fliboate
with a flat bottome and broade belly, it had beene quite
ouerturned vp fide downe, but the ballaft,which remained
beneath, did helpe to (lirre her vpright.

The fecond was at Cafjuet (an He or rocke in the forme ^j^^ fecond
ofaCaske,bctvveenc France and England, on which there danger,
is no dwclhng) being come within three leagues of the
fame, there wasfome iealoufic betweenethe Mafters of
the fhip (an euill which oftentimes deftroieth both men
and fan e enterprifcs ) the one faying that they might dou-
ble well enough thefaid Casket, an other that they could
not, and that it behooued to caft a little from the right
courf e for to paflTe vnder the Hand. In this cafe the worft
'• * * D z was

^■^

W ',

Ncccflicic
makcthvs
feckc to God,
Thcdiuairll.-
ncfl'c ot re-
ucngefiill dc-
firc-

The third

4ar ger.

Their return

atNcwha-

uen.

KouaFrancts\

was that one knew not the hourc ofthcclay,bccaufeitwas
diike by rcafonof mifks, and by confequent *ihcy knew
not if It did cbbc or flow. For if it had bccr.e floiid they
hadcafily doubled it : butit chanced that it was turning
water, and by tiiat iiieancs the ebbe did hinder it. So
that approcliing thcfaid rockctliey fawnohopc tofauc
ihemfclueSjand that ncccflarily they miifl: go (hike againft
it. '1 licneucry one began to pray to God, to craue pardon
one ofanother, and ( for their \A\ comfort) to bewailc one
another. Heereiipon Captaineii6'j^^^«c>/fvvhofeShjpwas
taken in New France, as we haucf aid before) drcwouta
great knife, to kill therewith Captaine7>?wor/^/^, Gouer-
norofthisprcfentvoyaf^c, faying to hiin, Docft thou not
concent thy fclfe to haue vndcne me , but wilt thou needs
yet caft me heere away ? bi.t he was held and kept from
doing of that he was about to doe. And in very truth it
was in him great folly, yea rather madncfie , to j»oe about
to kill a man that was goingtodie, and he (th... went to
giue the blow) in the lame pcrill. In the end as they went
tx)(lrike vpon the lockc Mon^cnr DePoutrmcort , who
had alreadiey eclded his fouJe and recommended his fami-
ly to God, asked of him that was at the top ifrhere were a-
nyhope'jwho told him there was none: Then lie bad fomc
to hclpe him to change the failes, which two or th . ee one-
ly did, and already was there no more water bnt totuinc
the Ship, when the mercy and faucr ol God canK co helpc
tlicm, & turned the li lip from the perils wherein they (aw
themfelues. Some had put cfftheirdoubletsfor tofeeketo
faue themfelues by climbing vpon the rocke , but the
fearc was all the hai me they had for that time ; (auing that
fomc few houres aftcr.bein'j; aniiicd nccre to a rocke called
Lemda Laigle, the Eagles ncfl, tliey ihou^iju to goc bord
it, tl5inking,inthedarkncfieohhcniil},ithadbcii)aShip,
from whence being agninc eicaped they aniuedat New
haucn, theplacefiom whcncethey fiifl fttout. Thefaid
Monficur De FoHtrincourt hauing left his arixiouis and pro-
?.. . _ _ luiions

1fS;f!

itifionsof warinthclleof ^y^/W Croix , intlic keeping of
the faid CMonfieur De Monts , as a gngc and token ot the
good will he had to rcturnc thither.

But I may yet well fct dov\ ne hccre a mariicllciis dan- The foiuth
gei', from which the fame vellell was prefcrued, a little af- pcrill.
tcr the departing from Saint CroiXj and this by a bad acci-
dent, which God turned to good. For a certaine tipling
fellow, being by night ftcalingly come downc tothcbot-
tomc of the Ihip, for to drinke his belly full, and to fill his
bottle with wine, hcc found that there was but too much
to drinke , and that the faid fliip was alrcadic halfc full of
water : in kich fort, that the pcrill was imminent, and they
had infinite paines to ftanch her by pomping. In the end
being come about they found a great leake, by the keelc,
which they fto}:pcd wuh all diligence.

Chap. VI.

The buildings of the lie Saint Croix : The Fremh-mens dif-

commodities m the faid place : Vnkyiowen Sickiiejfes : of their

canfes : of the people that befubit U to it : of diets, bad waters,

aire, mndes, lakes, corruption "ofrvoods^feafons^ ^^ff^f^"

tion of bo die Si ofyongHe, and old: the Authors ad'

nice vpon thegoucrnment of health, and

cure oft he faid di-feafes,

DVring the forcfaid Nauigarion, Olfon/tefir De 1^^ ha\\d'm^
A/o»r/ his people did worke about the Fortj which ^^^"c lie of
heefeatcdntthe end of the Hand, oppofite to the * '^"*'*
placcwhcrche had lodged his Canon. Which was wifely
confidercd, to the end to command the riuer vp & down.
Butthcrewasaninconueniencc, the faid Fort did lie to-
wards the North, and withoutany llielter, butofthetrees
thatwereonthellciliorc, which all about hee comman-
ded to be kept. and not cue downe. And out of the fame
Fort was the Switzcrs lodging, great and large^and other
fhaaJllodgingSjrcpreftntuig (as it vvcie)a Suburbe. Some
Uuy D 3 had

' "% j

''.t^

had houfed themrducs on the firme land^neere the brookJ
But within the Fort was Monfieur De Monts\\\s lodging,
made with very faire &i artihciall Carpentrie worke, with
the Banner of France vpon the fame. At another part was
the {lore-houfejwherin confided the fafcty 6c life of eueric
one, likewife made with faire Carpentry worke, and coue-
red with reedes. Right oueragainil the faid Rore-houfe^
were the lodgings and houfcs of thcfc Gentlemen, Mort"
fieur D*orfiille, Menjienr (^hamptein, Afon/tenr Champdore^
and other men of reckoning. Oppofite to CHonfieHr D^
Monts his faid lodging, there was a gallcrie coiiered for to
cxercife themfelues, either in play, or for the workmen in
cimeofraine. Andbetweenethe faid Foit and the Plac-
formc, where lay the Canon, all wasfullofgardciiSjwher-
unto eueric one exercifcd himfelfe willingly. All Autiimnc
quarter was pafled on thefe works, and it was well for
them to haue lodged themfelues , and to manure the
ground of the Hand, before Winter ; whilcllihat in thefc
parts pamphlets were fet out vnder the name of Mature
GHillattme, ftuffed with all forts of newes : By the which,
amongft other things, t\^s Prognofticator did fay , that
Monfienr De Monts cii^L pull out thornes in Canada: and all
well confidered, it may well be termed the pulling out of
thornes, to take in hand fuch enterprifes, full of toiles
and continuall perils, with cares , vexations, and difcom-
moditics. Butvcrtueand courage thatouercomrncth all
chefe things, makes thofc thornes to be butGiliiflowers
and Rofes, to them that refolue themfelues in thefe heroi-
call aftions , to make themfelues praife-worthy and fa-
mous in the mcmorie of mcn,defpifing the vainc pleafures

ofdelicate and effeminated men, good for nothing but to
coffer themfelues in a chamber .

The mod vrgentthings being done, and hoaric fnowic
father being come, that is to fay, Winter, then they were
wmtcang at forced to keepe within doores,' and to Hue euery one at his
ownc home : during which time, our men had'thrcc fpc-

ciaU

Threedifci-
modifies in

ciall difcommodicies in this Hand, vMieet, wianf oFwood^
(for that which was in the faid lie, was fpent in buildings)
lacke of frefh water, and the continuall watch , made by
night,, fearing feme furprifc from the Saiiages, that had
lodged themlcluc sat the foot of the faid Hand, or fome
other enemie. For the malcdi^ion and rage of many WickeJneflV
Chriftians is fuch, that onemuft take heed of them much chnlUans
more than of Inftdels. A thing w hich grieueth me to
fpeak:would to God I were a liar in this refpe^,and that I
had no caufe to fpeake it ! When they had need of water
or wood , they were conftrained to crofle ouer the riuer,
which is thrice as broad of cuery (ide, as the riuer of Seine, The i iusr of
It was a thing painfull and tedious, in fuch fort that it was Roan«
needful! to kccpc the boat a whole day , before one might
get thofe neceiTaries. In the meane while the cold and
fnowes came vpon them, and thclce fo ftrong , that the
Sider was frozen in the vefTcls , and euery one his mea-
fure was giucn him out by waight. As for wine it was di*
Aributed but at certaine daies of theweeke. Many idle
fliiggiOi companions dranke fnow-water , not willing to
t-kc the paines to erode the riuer. Briefly, the vnknowcn Vnknowen
(icknefTes like to thofe defcribcd vnto vs by lames ^ar^ Skknf Acs. .^
tier, in his relation , adailed vs. For remedies there was
nonetobefoMnd In the meane while the pooreficke crea*
tures did languifli, pining away by little and little, ^or
want of fweet meats >as milke or fpoon-meat for to fudain
their domacks , which could not receaue the hard meats ,
by reafonof let, proceeding from a rotten flcfli , which
grew and ouer abounded within iheirmouths: And when
one thought to root it out jt did grow againe in one nights
fpace more abundantly than before. As for the tree cal-
led Annedda, mentioned by the faid J^artier , the Saua-
gcs of tliefe lands know it not. So that it was mod piti-
fiill to behold coery one, very few excepted , in this niife- j

rie,andchen ifcrablcfickefolkestodie, as it were full of
life , without any polfibiliticco be fuccourcd. T here died
,' of

1';

lyH

The number

'll '

of the deai

and Hckc.

'il

Dangerous

llm

monechs.

ttippocrates.

Northerly

people fub-

icfttothc

I.mJdifcafe

ofNcw

Prance.

f(fui FramUl

of this (icknefTc 5 6, and g 6 or 40 more, that were nriclccii
with it , rccoucrcdthemfelues by the helpe of the Spring,
aflooncas the comfortable fcafon appcarcd.Butthc dead-
ly feafon for that fickneflc is in the end of lanuarie, the
moneths of February and March, wherein mofl: common-
ly the ficke doe die,€uery one at his turne, according to the
time they haue begun tobefickc: infuch fort, thathec
which began to bee ill in Februarie and March , may
efcape, butheethatfliallouer-haQehimfelfe, and betake
him to his bed m December and lanuarie, hee is in dan-
ger to die in Februarie, March, or the beginning of April!,
which time being palTed , he is in good hope , and as it
wereafTuredof hisfafetic. Notwithftanding fome haue
felt fome touch thereof, hauing bcene (harply handled
with it.

A^onfeur Demonts beingreturncd into Francc,did con-
fult with our Dodlors of Phyficke vpon the fickneflc,
which(in my opinion ) they found vtry new 6c vnknown,
for 1 doe not fee, that when we went away , our Pothecaric
was charged with any order for the cure thereof: and not-
wirhlf anding it feemeth that Hippocrates hath had knovv-
led^eofit, oratleaftoffomethatwas vervlikeroit. For
intheBooke Deintemis affeSi, he fpeaketh ofaccrtainc
maladie , where the belly , and afterward the fpleene doc
fwell and harden it felfe ,and feele grieuous and fharpe
gripes; the skinne becommeth blacke and pale, drawing
towards the colpur of a greenePomgranet : the earesand
gums doe render and yeeld a bad fent, the faidgums dif-
joining thcmfelues from the teeth : the legs full ofbliftcrs ;
thelimbes areweakned,&c.

Bur fpecially the Northerly people, are more [ubie£^ to
it than other more Southerly nartons. Witnefle the Hol-
landers, Frizelandmcn, and other thereabout , ampngfl;
whom the faid Hollanders doe write in their nauiwtions,
that going CO the Eaft Indies, many of them were taken
with the fame difcafe , being vpon the coaft of Guinie : a

dangerous

N4UJI Fr4ticia.

dangerous coafl , bearing a peftiferous aire a hundred
leagucsfarremchefea. Aiidrhefanie ( I meane the Hol-
landers) being, in the ycere 1606, gone vponthe coaft
of Spaine , to kecpc the fame coaft , and to annoy the
Spaniih Nauie, were conftrained to with draw them-
felues, by rtafon of this difeafe, hauing caft into the
fea two and twentieot their dead. And if one will hearc
the Wim^SQ oi OUhs magnm , writing of the Norther-
ly [Nations , of which part himfelfe was , let him hear-
ken to his report, which js i\\\s:Theret6 (faith he )^^^ an
ether martiall Jickneffe (that is , a ficknelTe that afiliftcth
them which follow the warres) rphkhtormentethand affli^
Beth them that are hefieged^, jHch whofe Itmhes thtckned by
A certaine flejhy heanme^e, and by a corrupted bloudy which
is betweene the jie(h and the skinne, dilating it felfelike wax :
theyjin^ - rvith the leafi imprejjton made on them with the /z».
ger ; a^^ ^aineth the teeth as ready to fall out : changeth the
white c. .^ar of the skinne into blew: and caufeth a ksnummingy
withadijlafteto takePhyjicket and that difeafe is called in
the vulgar tongue of thecountrey S or but, in Greeks K^^&^t
feraduentmre becaufe of this putrifyingfoftneffe, which ts vn-
der the skinne 3 which feemethtoproceede of indigefling and
fait meats 3 and to be continued by the cold exhalation of the
walles, Butttjhallnot haue fo much force where the houfes
are inward wainfcot ted with boards. If it continue longer, it
muft be driuen out by taking euery day wormwood , as one eX"
pellethouttherooteoftheflone, by adecoSlion offtaleBeere
drunke with butter. The fame Author doth yet fay in an
other place, aching much to be noted: In the beginning
(faith he) they fitHaine the fiege with force, but in the end,
the Souldier being by continuance weakned,tkey take away the
promjionsfrom the invaders, b^ artificia/l meanes , fubttlties
and antbafhrnents^ fpecialy thejhefpe, which they carry away,
and make them to grafe in graffie places of their houfes , for
feare that thrrmgh \want offreflj meats they fall into the loth^
femejljick^cjfe of alljtck»c^jfes, called in the country language,
t .,* £ Sorhut^

Otam magntu^

Euill (Ii{po(r<-
tion of the
bodycor-
rupteththe
meates.

A medicine
for the (lone.

Tris in the^.
bookcjca. j8i.

This is to be
noted.

'('1

SorbutjOr

The opening
of?. dead bo-
diC,

Caufcsof the
raiddircalc.

In the begin-
ning of the
hook De mre ^
Aqttti, ^ he.

Whitfoodc
caufcth t))c
}{)nddiicaie.

Noun Francia*

Scrhut , that isto fay ,awoMndedflomacke , dried hjcrHell
torments, and iongahgiitjhes : for the cold and indigcsiing
meats, grcedilj taken , Jcemeto be the trnecaufe of thi^fickz
ncpjC.

I liaue delighted my felfc to recite hecrc the very words
of this Author, bccauie he fpcakcth thereof as being skil-
ful!, and fctceth tborth fufficiently enough the land dilcafc
of New France , fauing that he maketfi no mention of the
{fiffcningofthc hammes,norofafiipcifluous flcfti which
groweth and aboundcth within the mouth, and thatifonc
thinke to take it away, it increafeth ftillj but well fpeaketh
heof chebadftoniiicke. For CMonfienr '^De PoHtrwcourt^
made a Negroe to be opened, that died of that ficknefTe in
our voyage , who was found to haue the inward parts ve-
ry found , except the ftoraacke , that had wrinckles , as
though they were vlcered.

And as for the caufe proceeding from fait meats^it is vc-
rietruc, thcrearemany other caufes concurring , which
feed and entertaine this fickncile: Amoniift which 1 will
place in generall the bad food , comprehending with it
thcdrinksjthen the vice of the aire of the comitrey,and af-
ter theeuili djfpofirion of thebodie: leauing the Physi-
cians to lift it out more curioully. Whereunto Hippocrates
faith, thatthePhyficion ought affocarefi'lly to take heed,
in confiderina; the fcafons, the windes , the afpec^s of the
Sunne,rhewaters,thelanditfelfe, the nature and fituation
ofit, the nature of men, their mancr of lining and cxercife.

As for the food, thisficknelleis caufed by coid meats,
withoutiuice, groiVe and corrupted. One muft then take
heed of fait meats, fmokie, mullie, raw, and of an cuill
fent, likcwife of dried filhes, as New-found land fiih,
and (finking Raies : Briefly, from all melancholy meates,
which are of hard digcffing , are cafily corrupted, and
breed a grolTc and melancholic bloud. I would not (lor
ail that) befofcrupulous asthePhyficians , which do put
i\\ thenumber of grolTeand melancholic mcates, Becues-

flcfli,Bcarcs,wildc Bores and Hogges fle/h (they might
as well addcvmo them Beucisflelii, which notwithftan-
ding we haiie found very good) as they do amongft fillies
the T ons,Dolphins,& all thofe that carie lard : among the
birds, the Hemes, Ducke$,andall ocher water birds : for
in being anouer curious obferuator of thefe things, one
might fall into the danger of ftaruing , and to die tor hun-
ger. They place yet among the meats that are to bcfhun-
nedjbisket, beanes and pulfe, the often vfing ofmilkc,
cheefe : the grolle and harfti wine, and that which is too
fmail, white wine, and the vfe of vmeger : Beere which is
not well fodden, norwellfcummed, and that hath not
hoppcs enow. Alfo waters that runne thorow rotten Badvratc
wood, and chofe of lakes and bogges, ftill and corrupted
waters, fuch as is much in Holland andFrizeland, where
isobfcrued that they of Amfterdam are more fubiedl to
paulfies and (hfning offinewes, than theyof Roterdam,
iortheabouefaid caufeof ftilland fleepie waters : which
befides doe ingender dropfies,dy fenteries, fluxes,quarten
agues, and burning feuers, fwellings, vlcers of the lights,
rhortnefTeof breath , ruptures in children, fwclhngm the
veines, fores in the legges : finally, they wholly belong to
the difeafe whereof we fpeake, being drawen by the
fpleene, where they Icaue all their corruption.

Sometimes this ficknelTe doth alfo come by a vice,
which is euen in waters of running fountaines , as if
they be among, or neere bogges, or if they iffue from a
muddie ground, or from a place that hatli not the Sunsa-
fped.So Pliny reciteth that in the voiagc which the prince vUnM. i j
C<tfar GermanicHs made into Germany , hauing giuen
order to his armie to pafTe the riuer of Rhine, to the end to
getftill forward in the countrie, hedidfethis campe on
the fca rhore,vpon the coaft of Frizeland ,in a place where
was but one onely fountaine of frefn water to be found,
which not withftanding was fo pernicious, that all they
thatdrankc of it loft their teeth in leffethan two yeeres

£ t fpace,

.(,:

*'-.i'a

^1^1

i ''!l

■■i

* . , i^

3«

Stomnreace.
Seelotyrbg.

anlacrbc.

Stfdh,
Monjieur dc
Joinuille,
The Giiukres
of Sauaye.

What aire
is againtt
health.

Win4es.

fpace, and tiacl their knees foweake and cli(iofnte<I,t{iac
they could not bcarc thenilelucs. Which is verily the iick-
nc(lcv\ hereof we fpcake, which die PhyHcians doe call
Stomaccace'y that is to fay , mouthes fore , and Scelotyrbe,
which is as much to fay, as the Ihaking of thighs and legs.
And It wasnotpofTibletofincteany runedie, but by the
meanes of an hearbe called Britamtca^ or Scuriiie-graflc,
which bcfides is very good forthefincwes, againfl the
fores and accidents in the mouth : againfl the Squinancie,
and againtt the biting of i'crpcnts. h hath long leaiies,
drawing in colour to a dark grccne^and prodiicetn a black
roote, firom which liquor is drawen, as-well as from the
leaf.J'/r^^^ fa th,that the like cafe hapnedto the army that
e^//«i C/4////^ brought into Arabia, by the commilTion of
AHgttfttatht Emperor. And the likealfo chanc dtoking
S^Lewes his armie in Egypr,as the Lord de lointiille report-
eth. Other cUwfts of bad waters are fcenc neere vnto vs,
to wit, in Sauoy , where the women (more than men, be-
caufe they are of a colder conftitution) haue comitionly
fyvellingsintheirthroats^^asbiggeasbottels.

Next ro waters, the aire isallo one of thcfathers and in-
genderersof this (icknes, in boggy and watrifli places,and
oppcfii to the South, which is moft often rainy. But there
is yet in New France another bad quality of the aire, by
reafon of lakes that be thicke there , and of the great rot-
tennesinihcw!OQds,whorc odour the bodies haningdraw-
en vp, du'-in^ the raines of Aurumnc and winter, caiily arc
ingendredthe corruptions of the mouth, and fwcllmgm
the legges before fpokcn, and acoldentreth vnfenfibly
into itjwhKh benunmieth the !imbes,ftifneth thefinewes,
condiaiMctb to creepe with cruches, and in the end to
kccpe the bed.

And for as much as the windcs doe participate with the
aire, yea are an aire runnino; with a more vehement force
than ordinary, and in this quality haue great power oucr
the health and fickencilcs of men, we will Ipeakc fomc

thing

<},t{iat
lefick-

oe call

otyrbCf
id legs,
by the
graflc,

nd the

nancie,

Icaues,

a blacic

•;.■

om the

■I

ny that
(Tion of

;-. ,

to king

report-

nco vs,

1 '

len, be-

irtionly

s and in^"

C6s,and

ut there

\'\

lire , by

car rot-

ijdraw-
aiily are

'■S^^&:

clling in
fennbiy

incvves,

: end to

Afichthc

'nt force

^tY oner

<c fonie

ihuig

WhatwnJei
bcheaichfuU
andvnhcahk*
full.

tliingof it, not (for all that) ftiaymg ourfelues from the
fequell of our hillorie.

The Eaflerly winde, called by the Latins SuhfoUnMy \%
held for the healthfiillen of all , and for chat caufe,wife buil-
ders giueaduice to fet their buildings towards thcafpcfb
ofthcEal!. Thcoppofit to it, is the vvinde called F^«ori-
mis , or Zephirm , which our Sea-men doc name Weft,
whjth in thefe parts is mildc&fruftifying. The Southern
windc (called /if^i/^rby ihcLatincs) is ine^^^/V^thotand
drie : But in eroding the C>W>^/>^rr^«w«fca, itgaihereth
a great moillncs , which makcth it ftormy and putrifying
in Pranence and Languedoc, The oppofite to it is the Nor-
thern winde, otherwife called Boreas , B^icy Tramontane,
which IS colde and di ie , chafeth the cloudes and fweepeth
the airic region. It is taken for the holfommcfV next to the
Bail winde. But thefe qualities of the wmde , found and
noted in thefe parts, make not one generall rule thorow
ouer all the earth. For the North>winde beyond the £qui-
liodiall line is not colde as in thefeparts, nor the South-
winde hot , bccaufe that by a long croflTmg, they borrow
the qualipies of the regions thorow which they palle : be-
fidesthat the South-windeathisfirdiHiie is cooling, ac-
cording to the report of thofc that haue trauelled in Afri-
ca. In like maner there be regions in Terou ( as in fJm^t
and the plaincs) where the North-windeis vnholfomc
and noyfome. And thorow all that coaft . which li abouc
500. leagues in length, they take the South-winde for a
found;anid frefli cooling windc , and which more is , moft
mildcandplealanc : yea alfo that it doth neuerrainebyic
(according ro that which lofeph Acofla wriceth of ii:)cleane
contrary to chat we fee in this our part of £//?-(?;?£>, And in
SpainetheEaft-winde, which we hauefaidto be found, nk^cap,^,
the fame .-^r^/^^faithjthatic isnoifomeand vnfound. The
winde called CirciMs, wliu h is the Noi th weft , is fo flor-
mieandboiftrousinthe Wcflerly lljores o^Norwe^e, that
if there be any which vndcrrakeihany voyage that way,
^ . , E 3 when

The windcs
hiuc not one
and the 1 Ife
fame qiialitie
ia all placet.

'I-.

" '111

S'iL-,

•VI ■

Sickc folkcs
andbcafU
docftele the
windc and
weather a.
comming.

Seafons.

Ab//^ TrancU. -

when thatwinde bloweih, hemud tnake account to be
loll and cafl away : And this windc is (ocoldc in that regi-
on, chatitfuffercth not any tree, fmallor great to grow
there: So that for want of wood they mud (crue thelehics
with the bones of great filhes , to feeth or rod their meats,
which difcommodky is not in thcfc parts. In like fort wc
hauehad experience in New France that the North- winds
are not for health ; And the North-eaft (which are the
colde, ftrong, fliarpeand floriny Aqmlom) yetworfe:
which our ficke folkes,and they that had wintred there the
former yeare, did greatly fearc, becaiife that likely , fome
of them drooped away, when that windc blew, for indeed
they had fome fenfible feeling of this winde : As wc fee
thofe that bee fubie<fl to ruptures endure great pangs
when that the South- winde doth blow : And as we fee the
very hearts to prognofticate by fome fignes the change of
weather. This noifome qualitie of winde proceedeth(in
my iudgement) from the nature of the countric thorow
which it pafleth, which(aswehaue faid) is full of lakes,
and thofe very great, which be (as it were) ftandingand
{lill waters. Whereto I addethe exhalation of the rotten-
neflc of woods , that this winde bnngeth, and that info
much greater quantitie, as the North- wcfl part is great,
large and fpacious.

Thefeafons are alfo to be marked in this difeafe , which
I haue not feene nor heard of, that it beginnes to work,nci-
ther in the fpring time, Summer nor Autumne, vnlefl'e it be
at the end of it , but in Winter. And the caufe thereof is,
that as the growing heat of the Spring,maketh the humors
clof ed vp in the winter to difperfe thcmfelues to the extre-
mitictof the body,and fo cleareth it from me!ancholy,and
from the noifome humors that haue beene gathered in
Winter : fo the Autumne, as the Winter approcheth,
draweth them inward, and doth nouriQi this melancholic
andblacke humor, which doth abound fpecially in this
ieafon, and the Winter being come flicwcth foorth his cf-

fc^s

NouA FrAHcU.

nttobe ^ fcfts at the cofts and griefe of the poorc patients. Galen Galen, com,
ycldcthaicafon for the fame, faying that the humors of 35./'^. i.<^«

iatrc2;i-
o grow
lelclues
r meats,
fortwc
i-winds
are the
: worfe:
ficrethe
r , fome
r indeed
s we fee
: pangs
e fee the
langcof
:deth(in
thorow
Dflakcs,
ingana
: rotten-
hat info
s great,

, which
Drk,nei-
;{Ieitbe
:reof is,
humors
e extre-
oly,and
cred in
ocheth,
ncholic
r in this
1 his ef-
fcas

thebodie, hauing beeneparchcd by tlic burningof the
Summer, that whith may reft of ir, afr er the hear is expul-
fed.becommethfoorthwith coldeanddrie: Thatistofay,
coldeby thepriuationof the heat, anddrieinasmuchas
in the drying ot thcle humors, all the moirtncfl'e ihatwas
therein hath been confumed. And thereby it commeth that
fickencfTes are bred in this feafon , and the farther one go-
eth, the weaker nature is, and the vntemperate coldnefFe
of the aire being entred into a bodie alreadie thereto difpo-
fed, doth handle it ( as it were) at a becke and at will, with-
out pitie,

I would addc willingly to all the forefaid caufes the bad
foodeofthefea, which in a long voiage brings much cor-
ruption in mans bodie. For one muft of necelFity , after
foureorfiuedaies, Hue of fait meare, or to bring (hcepca-
liue, and ftore of poultry ; but this is but for Maftersand
Commanders in lhips:and we had none in our voyage but
fortoreferueand mulciplieinthe land whither we did go.
The manners then and paHTengers doefufFerdifcommodi-
tie as well m the bread^as in meat and drinke, the biskit be-
commerh dampidi and rotten, the fifhes that are giuen
thein alike , and the waters ftincking ; they which
cariefweet racates, be it flclli or fruits , and that vfegood
breadjgood wine and good brothes,doeafily auoide thofe
ficknclles •, and Idurft(infomc fort) be anfwetable vnto
them for their heakhes, vnleflethey bevery vnhealthfull
by nature. And when I coniider that this difeafe is as well
taken in Holland, Frizeland, in Spaine and mGuime, as in
Canada^ 1 arn brought to belecue that the chiefe caufe
thereof is in that whichlhauefaid, andnoc peculiar nor
particular to New France.

After all thefe caufes and confiderations, itis^oodin
cuery place to hauea wel difpofed body,for lo be m health
and hue long. For chofe which naturally gather colde and

^ - aroffe

Bad foodc
and d'fcom^
moditicsof
the Sea.

Difpofition
ofbodie.

>rM

r;i '^i-

l\M ''i

pr::M,

t' I

Sagamos is t
Sauigc word
which Signi-
fiechaLord,
a ruler, or a
Cajpcaine.

The author
his cxerciCz
in New
l^rance.

The labour
of the minde.

groffc humors, and hauc the mairc of their bodicporyil
Item they that be fubieft to the oppilations of the fpleenc,
and they that vfe not a ftuiring lite, but fitting and without
frequent motion, arc more apt and fiibicd to thefe (icknef-
fes. ThereforeaPhylitian might fay thataftudcnt is not
fit for that Countrie,that is to lay ,hc fha'l not Jiue there in
health: nor thofe which ouertoile in labors, nor melan-
choly people, men which haucdrowfic dreaming fpirits ,
nor thofe that be often vifited with agues , and fuch other
fort of people. Which I might eafily belceue,becau{e that
thcfe things doe heape much melancholy , cold and fu«
perfluous humors. Notwithilanding 1 haue tried the
contrarie, both by my felfe and by others, agaii ft the opi-
nion of fomc ofours,yea o^Sagames Membertou himfelfc^
which plaicth the Soothfaier among the Sauages , who
(arriuing in that countrie ) faid that I ihould neuer returne
into France, noiMonJieHr Bonllet (fometimes captaine of
MonJieHr De Potttrincatirt his rcgiment)who for themoil
part of the time hath had agues there(but he did fare wel.)
And they themfelues did aduife our labourers to take but
fmall labour in their worke (which counfell they could
very well obferue). For I mayfay (andthattrucly) that I
neuerraadefo much bodily woirke, fbrthepleafure that I
did takein drefling and tilling my gard ens ) to inclofeand
hedge them , againft the gluttony of the hogges, to mak«
knots, to draw out allies , to build arbours, to fowe wheat,
rie, barly, oates, beanes,peafe, garden heaibs, and to wa-
ter themj fomuch dcfire had I to know the goodfleflcof
the ground by my owne experience. So that Summers
daies were vnto me too fliort , and very often did I worke
by Moone light. Concerning the labour of the minde, I
tookea reafonable part of it 5 for at night , euery one be-
ing retired, among the pratings, noifes , and hurliburlies, I
was lliut vpin my ftudie,readingor writing of fome thing.
Yea I will not be alhamed to fpeake , that Ijieingrequcfted
by Monfieur De PomrincoHrt, our Commander, to beftow

fome

,v'fV

pints ,
1 other

(e that
nd fu-
cd the
heopi«
mfcifc,

) who
ecurne
ainc of
i^inoft
cwcl.)
ike buc
' could
I that I
: chat I
dCc and
3 make
wheat,
towa-
leflc of
nimcrs
vvorkc
inde, I
3ne bc-
irlies,!
r thing,
[ucfted
bellow

foine

7(gU4 FfMtlcU. 41

fonichoure$ofniyinduftric,ingiiung Cnrlftian inftni- Thcpietic of
ftionstoourfmall company, for not to liue like bcafts, 'jjf^ 'JV'^^^®'
and for to giue to the Sauages an example of our maner of °"^"

hfe, I haue done it, according to the neceiTitie, and being
thereof requeued, euery Sunday, and fomctimes extraor-
dinarilie, almofl during all the time we haue bcene there ;
And well was it for me that I had brought my Bible , and
feme bookes vna wares : for other wife it had beenc very
difficult for me, and had beenecaufe toexcufeme of that
worke. It hath not beene without fruit , many witneffing
I vnto me that they had neuer heard fo much good talke of
God, not knowing before,any principle of that which be*
longeth to Chriftian doftrinc : And fuch is the (fate wher-
in hue the mo(l part of Chriftendome. And if there were
any edifying of one part , there was backbiting on the
other J byrcafon,thatvfingaFrench liberty, I willingly
fpake the truth. Whereupon I remember the faying of the
Prophet yf;»(7/ , They hane hated (Caithhc) him that repro" Amos.^.
ued them in the gate , and haue had in abomination him that vcrfc. lo,
jpake in integrity, But in the end we became all good friends^
And amongflthefe things God gaue me alwaies a found
andaperfe^t health, alwaies a good tafte, alwaies mery
and nimble, fauing thathauing oncelaien in the woods,
ncere to a brooke in fnowey weather , I was touched with'
aCrampeori'^Mr/i(;^^ in my thigh a fortnights fpace, not
loofingmy appetite norftomacke for the fame jfbr indeed
Itooke delight in that which I did, defiringto confine
there my Jife, if it would plcafe God to bleflc the voy-

ages.

I rhould be ouer tedious, if I would fet downe hecrc the OfChildren,
difpofition of all pcrfons , andtofpeake concerning chil-
dren that they are more fubieftto this ficknefle theno-
thers, for that they haue very often vlcers in the mourh
and gummes, becaufc of the thin fubftancethat abound in
their bodies : and alfo that they gather many crude hu-
mours by their difordcr of lining , and by the quantity of

F fruits

if.

"ti

! ■ II

ofNcw

fau'ts tlicy eatc , being ncuer filled with k , by which
HI cans they gather great quantity of watcrifli blond , and
the fpleenc being Hopped cannot (bake vp thofc moifturs.
Of aged And as for old folkcs that hauc their heat weakened, and

folkes, cannot refirt thefickncs, being "filled with crudities, and

with a cold andmoill temperature, which is thequalitic
]>roper to (line vp and nourifli it ; I will not take the Phy-
fitians office in iiand, icaringthe cenfuringrod : andnot-
withftanding (with their leauc)not touching with their or-
ders and rcceits of Agaric, aloes, ruhnrbe, and other ingrc-
diens, I will write heere that which I thinke more ready at
hand for the poore people, which haue not the abilitic and
meanes to fend to Alexandria, as well for the preferuation
oftheirhealth,asfortheremediCofihisficknc{lc.
Aduicc for It IS a cerraine axiome chat a contrary muft be healed by

the fickntUes his contraric. This (icknelle proceeding from anindige-
If ion of rude, grofl'e, cold and melancholic meates, which
offend the ftomacke, 1 thinke it good (fubniittingmy (elfc
to better hidgement ai^d aduice ) to accompany them
with good fawces, be it of butter, oyle, or fat, all well fpi-
ced, tocorre^as well the quality of thcnieate , as of the
bodic inwardly waxen colde. Lctthis be faid for rude and
groflemeaces>asbcane8,peafe,andfi(h : for he thatfhall
cat good capons, good partridges , good duckes and good
rabctSjhemaybeafTuredof his health , or elfc his body is
of a very ba^ confbcution. Wc haue had fome iickc that
hauc (as it were) railed vp from death to life: forhauing
eaten twice or tnriceof acoolice madcof acocke, good
winetaken accordingto the neccfllty of nature, isafoue-
raignc prcferuatiue for all (icknefles , and particularily for
this. Mafter Adaccjmn andMafter (jeorges, worfhipfuU
Marchants of Rochel, as aflbciates to Monjicur De Monts,
didfurnilh vs with 45. t««nes of wine , which did vs very
much good* And our (ickc folkcs themfelues, hauing their
wouchesfpoiledjandnot being ab'e to eat,hauc neucrloft
the taft of wine, which they tookc with a pipe. The fame

hath

Good Wine,

'™

vvhich
id , and
oifturs.
d, and
cs, nnd
^ualitie
lePhy-
iid not-
hciror-
r jngrc-
cady at
iticand
ruacion

aled by
indigc-
uhich
ny felfc
Y them
/ell fpi"
s of the
ideand
tatdiall
dgood
body is
kc that
hailing
r, good
a foue-
I ily for
hipfull
Monts,
n very
ig their
lerloft
le fame
hath

T^gua Francia.

hath prcfcrucd'many of them from death. Thcyong buds
of hearbs in the Spring time be alfo very foueraigne. And
befldes that rcafon requirechtobeleeueit, I haue cried it, Hearbs in the
being my felfe gone many times co gather fomcfor our fp^ngt mf.
(Icke people, before that thofe of our garden might be v-
My which redored them to theucalleagaine, and com-
forted their weake ftomacks.

And as for that which concerneth the exterior parts of
the body, we ha. found great good in wearing woodden
panraphlcs, orpacins with ourflioocs, fortoavoide the
moiftnefle. The houfcs necde no opening, nor windowcs
on the Northwe(t fide,being a windc very dangerous: buc
rather on the Eaft fide,or the South. It is very good to hauc
good bcddinff (6c it was good for me to haue caried things
neccfl'ary to tliis purpofc) and aboue all to keepe himfelfe
neat. I would like well the vfe of Stooues, fuch as they Stoouci.
haue in Germany, by meanes whereof they feele no Win-
ter, being at home, butasmuchastheyplcafe. Yea they Stooues in
hauc ofthem, in many places, in their gardens, which doc gaidem,
(b temper the coldnefle of winter , that in this rough and
(harpefeafon , r^ere one may fee Orcnge-trees , Limon-
trecs, Figge-trees , Pomgranet- trees, and all fuch forts of
trees, bring foorth fruit as good as in Prouence. Which is
fo much the more eafietodoein this new land, for that it
is all coucred ouer with woods , (except when one comes
in the ArmoHchiejuois countrie^a hundred leagues further of
then Port Royall ) And in making of winter a fommcr one Jth/Ar"'"*
^all difcouer the land : Which nothauingany move thofe mouchiquois
great obftacles , that hinder the Sunne to court her, and loo. Icaguci
from warming it with his heat, without doubt it will be- diilam from
come very temperate, andyeeldamoflmildeaire : and *^<5rtRoyalU
well agreeing with our humour, not hauing there, euenat
this time, neither colde nor hea^at is exceffiue.

The Sauages that know not Germany, nor the cudomes
thereof, doe reach vs the fame leflbn, which being fubieft
to thofe fickne(res(as wc hauc fcene in the voiage of lames

The Sweat-
ings of the
Sauagcs*

Ecclcfi, 5.
vcrfe. II.
and II,

Mcancs of
tnirth.

Neccflitic of
hauiijg WO-' -
men into the
country.

Tfeeoflifc.
Saiafras.

^artier) yjh fwcatings often, as it were cucry monetb,'
and by this meancs they prcfenicthemfclues, driuingout
by fweate all the colde and euell humors they mieht hauc

fathered. But one iingular preferuatiue againfl; tnis perfifi
ious fickneflc, which corameth fo fteahngly, and which
hauing once lodged it fclfe within vs , will not be put out,
is to follow the counfell of him that is wife amongft the
wife, who hauing confidered all theafHi£lions that man
giue to himfelfe during his life, hath found nothing better
then to reioicc html elf e^ant ' . ■ jegoodyarjdto takefledfure in hii
orvfje workes. They that iiaue done fo , in our company,
h*iue found themfelues well by it : contrawife fome al-
waies grudging, repining, neucr content, idle, hauebeene
found out by the fame djfeafc. True it is, that for to inioy
mirth it is good to haue the fwectnefle of frefh meatcs,
fle(hes,fiflies, milke,butter, oyles, fruits, andfuchlikc,
which we had not at will (I meane the common fort : for
alwaies fome one, or other of the company did furnifh
LMonJleurDe Toutrmcourt his table with wilde foule, vc-
liifon or frefliii(h ) And if we had had halfe adofen kync,
Ibeleeue that no body had died there^

Itreftcth a preferuatiue, neccffarie for the accomplifh-
mcntofmiith.and to the end one may take pleafure on the
worke of his hands , is euery one to haue the honcft com-
pany of his lawfuU wife :,forwithout that, the chearcis
neuer perfeft •, ones minde is alwaies vpon that which one
loues anddefireth ; there is ftill fome forrow, thcbodic
becomes full of ill humours , and fo the {ickcncfle doth
breede*

And for the laft and foueraignc rcmedie.I fend backc the
patient to the tree of life (for fooqemay well qualifie it)
which /amfs^^^arner doth call ^«Mtf^<«,yctvnknowen in
thecoaftofPortRoyall, vnleflcitbee, peraduenture the
Safafias, whereof there is quantitie in certaine places. And
it isanaCTured thing, that the faidtrecis very excellent.
£uc LP^IonJicnr Ch/tmpUw, who is now in the great ri-

; \ ucr

fough
bout

raanv

ich
ur,
he
lan
cer
his

Kotu FrancUl

ucf of ^^»^^»pafling his winter, in the fame part where
the faid ^Artier did winter , hath charge to nnde ic out|
and to make prouiGon thereof.

Chap. VII.

The difcoHcry of new Lands by Monficur De Monts : fabu^

loHs tales and reports of the ritier andfainedtowne of Norom--

beqa: Therefutingof the authors that haue'writt en thereof :

Filhbankes in Newfonnd land : Kimbeki : Chonacoet :

tMallebarre : Armouchiquois : The death

of a French man killed : AYorlality

of Englijhmen in

Virginiai.

•

K|-HHe rough feafon being pafled , Monfteur T>e Monts
I wearied with his badde dwelling at Saint^mAr,de-
•*' termined to fecke out another Port in a warmer
countrie ,and more to the South : And to that end made
a PinneCTe to be armed andfurnifhed with vi^uals,to fol-
low the coaft, and difcouering new countries, to fecke out
(ome happier Port in a more temperate aire. And becaufe
thatinfeeking,one cannot fet forward fo much as when in
full failcs one gocth in open fea, and that finding out baies
and gulfes, lying bctweene two lands, one muft put in,be-
caufe that there one may adoone finde that which is
fought for, as elfe where, he made in this voyage buta-
bout {\^ fcore leagues , as wee will tell you now. From
Saint Croix to 60. leagues forward , the coaft lieth Eaft
and Weft:at the end ofwhich^o. leagues, is the riuer cal-
led by the Sauages Kinibeki* From which place to Male-
barre it lieth North and South , and there is yer from one
totheother 60, leagues, in right line, nor following the
baies. Sofarre ftretcheth CJ^<?«//^«r De Monts \\\$ voy-
age, wherein he had for Pilot in hij veflell , Monfienr Ve
Champdore, In all this coaft fo farreas Kinibeki there is
many places where (hippes may be harbored amongft the

F 3 llands^

Mittfteur
ChampUiuis
now this prc«
Cent yeaic

If 09. in C4m

nada.

MonpiMfVe
Monts his voi<
age for the
difcoucry of
new Lands,

« Kmileh^6o,
*' icguesfrom
" Saint Cr9i»»

^.■li'',

■;-

4<5

Vlip'n '-'

(ap.<l .

»>. J.

Fabulous
talcs of
the riuer
Norombc

8^.

Temtegott.

Mt$a Tranck.

^, Hands, but the people there is not fo frequent as is be-

/, yond that : And there is no remarkable thing (at leaft that

• may be fecne in the outfide of the lands)but a riuer,where-

of many haue written fables one after another, like to

thofc that they (who grounding themfeluesvpon Hamos

his Commentaries, a Carthaginian captain) haue fained of

Townes built by him in great number vpon the coafts of

Africa, which is watered with the Ocean fea, for that hec

plaied an hcroycall part in failing fo farre as the lies of

Ca^ Vert, where long time (ince no body hath beene, the

Nauigation not being fo fecurethen, vpon that great fea,

as it is at this day by the benefit of the Compafle.

Therefore without alleagingthat, which the firfl wri-
ters ( Spaniards and Portingals)hauefaid,I will recite that
which is in the lafl booke, intituled,?'/;^ vmuerfiill HiHo»
- rie of the fVeB 7»^/<?/, Printed at DoH^y the laft yeere 1 607.
intheplacewherchefpeakethof ATor^jw^^f^; For in re-
porting this, I (hall haue alfo faid that which the firfl haue
written, from whom they haue had it.
" Moreouer, towards the North ( faith the Author^ after
" he had fpoken o£ Virginia) is Noromhega, which is known
,j well enough by reafon of a faire to wnc, and a great riuer,
cc though it is not found from whence it hath his name : for
c« the Barbarians doe call it Aggmcia : At the mouth of this
cc riuer there is an Hand very fit for fifhing. T he region that
(c goeth along the fea, doth abound in fifh, and towards
cc New France there is^reat number ofwilde beafls, and is
cc verie commodious for hunting; the Inhabitants doe liue
cc in the fame mancras they of New France.Ifthis beautiful!
Towne hath eucr beene in nature , I would faineknow
who hath pulled it downe : For there is but Cabanes here
and there made with pearkes, and couered with barkes of
trees, or with skinnes, and both the riuer and the place
inhabited, is csWtAPemptegoety and not Agguncia, The
riuer (fauing the tide ) is fcarceastheriuerof(9^/^. And
there can be no great riuer on that coafl, becaufe there are

not

great
and is

ingit

» after

not

not lands fufficicnt to produce them , by rcafon o. the
great riuer o{ Canada, which runneth hke this coaft,
and is not foure-fcore leagues djftantfroai that place in
crofling the lands, which from elfe-whcre recciued ma^
nic riuers falling from thofe parts w hich are towards
Norombega : Ac the entric whereof, jt is fo farre from
hauing but one Hand, that rather the number thereof
is almoft infinite , for as much as this riuer enlarg-
ing it felfe like the Grceke Lami^daA^ the mouth where-
of is all full of lies , whcreoftherc is one of them lying ve-
ry farre ofF(and the formoft) in the fea, which is hi«^h and
markable aboue the others.

Bur feme willfay thati aequiuocatc in the fituation of
Noromhega, and that it is not placed where I takeit. To O'ltCiion.
this I aniwcrjthat the author, whofe words 1 hauc a little Anfwcro
before alleaged, is in this my lufEcient warrant, who in his
Geographicall Mappe, hath placed in the mouth of this
riuer m the 44. degree, and his fuppofed townc in the 45,
wherein we differ but in one degree, which is a fmal mat-
ter. For the riuer that I meane is in the 45, degree, and as
for any to wne, there i s none. Now of neceffitic it muft be
this riuerjbecaufethat the fame being paffed, and that of
Kinibekii (which is in the fame hdght) there is no other
riuer forward, whercofaccountfiiouldbemade, tell one
zoxntioVirginia. Ifay furthermore, that feeing the Bar-
barians o^Norombega doeliue asthcy of New France,and
haue abundance oi huncing, it muft bCithat their prouincc
be feated in our New France : For fiftic leagues farther to
the Southweft there is no great game, becaufe the woods **
are thinner there, and the inhabitants fetled,and in greater
number then in Norombega,

True it is that a fea Caprainc , named John Alfonfe, of
Xaintonge, in the relation ofhis^duenturo"S voiages, hath An other Pa-'
written, that , hauing palFed Saint lohns Hand ( which bulous report
I take for the fame that I haue called heeretofore the He of ^[j^or^^?
Bacaillos) the coaft turueth to the Wcft^and Weft South- bcoa!^°

weft, ^ *

''ii'

■•I

1 ,;.•,'
■,J, ■■

■i:

■'a ill

■ mi

It
I

Notcthif
well.

«c

€t

«C

.'- <c

t-i

Ab/^<< Francii,

wcft,as far as the riucr of Noromhergue, ncwlv difcoiierc J
(faith he) by the Porrugais and Spaniards, wnich is in 30.
deo-rces : adding that this riuer harh , at the entrie thereof
<« many lies, bankes, and rockes, and that fiftecne or twenty
<5 leagues within it, is built a great towne, where the people
be linali and blackilh , hke rhem ofthe Indies,and are clo-
thed with skinnes , whereof they haue abundance of all
forts. It€ni,thatthebankof Newfound land endeth there:
and that Jthat riuer being paffed, thecoaft turnerh to the
Weft, and Weft Northweft,aboue 2 50. leagues towards a
countrie where there is both towncs and caftels. But I fee
very little or no truth at all , in all the difcourfes of this
y man : and well may he call his voiages aducnturous , not

for him, who was ncuer in the hundrech part ofthe places
he defcribeth ( at leaA it is eafie fo to thinke)but for thofe
that williollow the waies which he willeth mariners to
follow. For if the faid riuer oiNorombega be in thirtic de-
grees,it muft needs be in Florida, which is the contrarie to
all them that euer haue written of it, and to the verie truth
itfelfe.
t Concerning that which hee faith ofthe bank^ of New-

The great ^""^ land,it endeth (by the report ofmariners,about the
B 'nckc of lie of Sablon , or Sande ) about Ca^ Breton, True it is,
Newiound. that there is Tome other bankes , that be called Le banqHe^
land. reau, and Le banc lacquet , but they are but fiue or iix, or

SanqHwtoH. jgj^ leagues, and are diuided from the great banke of New
^ ' found land. And touching the men in the land of iyr^r^iw-
bega , they are of faire and high ftaturc. And to fay , that
this riuer being^paffed, the coaft licth Weft , and Weft
Northwcft,that hath no likelihood. For fi:om Cap Breton^
fo farre as the point of Florida, that licth ouer againft the
He De Cuba , there is not any coaft ftanding Weft North-
weft, onely there IS in the parts ioyningvpon the true ri-
uer called iV<?r£>«;^<?^^, fomefiftie leagues coaft, that ftand-
eth Eaft and Weft. Finally, of all that which the faid lohn
Mfonfe doth report, I rcccauc but tliat which he faith that

this

n30.

crtof

vcnty

cople

eclo*

of all

here:

o the

ardsa

tifec

>fthi$

s, not

places

thofc

iners to

tic de- I

laricto •

|e truth

f New-
out the
ucitis,

fix, or

►f New
^orom-
iy,that
i Weft
Bretoriy
inft the
North -
:ruc ri-
rftand-
id lolm
ith chat
this

'%
•f

thisriueri whereof wee fpcake, hath at thccomming in
many Hands, banks and rocks.

The riuer of iV^^ro^i^d'^^ being paiTed, LMonJteur De
Aionts went ftill coafting, vntili hee came to KMekf,
where a riuer is, that may fhorten the way togoe to the
great riuer of C<^»4^««. There is anumberof Sauagcs Ca-
baned there , and the land beginneth there to be better
peopled. From Kimbeki going farther , one findeth the
baie o£J<fairchin, named oy the Captaine his name that
commandeth therein. This Marchin was killed the yeerc
that we parted from New France 1 607. Farther is an o-
therbaie called Chouakoet, where (m regard of the former
countries) is a great number of people : For there they till
the ground , and the region beginneth to be more tempe-
rate, and for proofe of this , there is in this land (lore of
Vines. Yea euen there be Hands full ofit, (which be more
fubiedl to the iniuriesof the winde & cold) as we iliall faie
heereafter. There is betweenc Chouakoet 2XiAMalebarre
many baies and lies, and the coaftisfandie, with {hallow
ground,dravving neere to the faid A-Iaiebarrcjio that fcarce
one may land there with barkes.

The people that be from Saint lohns riuer toKinibeki
(wherein are comprifed theriuers o{ Saint Croix andiVi?-
rontbega) are called Etechemim : And from Ktnibeki as far
2i%AfaleBarrej and farther, they are called Armouchiquois,
They be traitours and theefes , and one had neede to take
heed oi^tvaMonfieurJye Mont 5 ^ hauing made fome ftay
at Malebarre, visuals began to be fcarfe with him , and it
wasneedfull tothinke vponthc returne, fpccially feeing
all the coaft fo troublefomc that one could pafTc no further
without perill, for (holds that ftretchfarre into the fea, in
fuchwifc that the farther onegoeth from thcland, lefler
depth there is. But before departing, a Carpenter o^ Saint
Mallos died cafually , who going to fetch water with fome
kettles , an Armouchiqmis feeing fit opportunity tofleale
oneof thofe kettles , when that the Frenchman tookeno

G heede,

((

Kinibfk},

Tlicbayof
Marcbm,

I 607*

The gioiind
manured.

Vines.
MaUbaYYt^

The jirmoti^
ehiquoU trai-
tours and
theef€S.

Shoulds
ftretching
farre into the
fea.

Violent
deatli of a
Frenchman
of Saint
M4a9h

ipfl

l.ll'j^

■ iU'

''i|'.

50 ?{Md Fraffiis.

Jiecdc, tookcit,and ran away fp<edi!ywith lii$ bpotie.
The Maloiiin running afccr,was killed by this wicked pcO'»
pic : And although the fame had not happened , it was in
The fvtiftnfs vainc to purfuc after thisthecfc : for allthcfc Armomhi-
of the ^-frmofl- quois arc as fwift in running as Gray-houndcs: as we will
(liquou. ycx further fay in fpcaking of the voiage that Monfieur

DePoHtrincottrt made in the iame Country , in the yeerc
, ^ l6o6. Iz^xttwtd (ovQ McnjteHrDeLMoKts to ice (vich^i
thing,and his men were earneft for reuengc (which they
might doc, for the other Barbarians were not fo far from
the Frenchmen but that a musket (hot might haue skated
them^which they had already on, reft to leucll cucry one
at his man) but the faid Monfienr DeAionts^ vponfomc
confiderations, which many other of his place and digni-
tic, might haue milTcd to coniider* made eucry one to put
downe their musket cockes, and left thcmalone, not ha*
uing hitherto found a fit place tomakeaietled dwelling.
Andfo the idAdLMonJieHr De Montf caufcdall things to be
in a readineifc for the returne to Saint C^oix, where he had
left a good number of his men y yet weake by the winter
{ickneire,of whofe health he was carefull.
MoajtrHf D9 Many that know nor what belongeth to the fea , doc
jtfowidifficul. thinkethatthefcttingofan habitation in an vnknowen
tic in his en- jj^^ j j^ ^^(^j. ^ j^y^ j^y ^ |^g difcourfe of this voiage , and o-
^P" ^* thers thatfollowjthey (hall find thatit is far caficr to fay
than to doe, and thdx ManJieMrde Atoms hath exploited
many things thisfirft yeare, in viewing all the coaftof
this land cuen to MaUharre, which is 400. lcagues,follow-
ingthe famccoaft, and fearchingto the bottomeof the
Baies : befidcs the labour heewas forced to, incaufino-
houfes to be made at Saint Croix, the care he had of thofe
which he had brought thither, andofthcir returne into
France, if any pcrill or fliip-wrackc fhould come to thofc
that had promifed him to fetch him at the end of the yeerc.
Butoncmay runneandtake painetofcekePortsandHa-
uens where forcunc fauoureth : yctfhcis alwaicshkcto

herfclfc.

'ootie. ■

d pco, m

was in 1

tottihi-. 'M

rc will f

r w
onjieur ^^

? yccrc

Aicha

1 they
rfrom

skarcd %

ryonc ^
1 (bine '

digni-

to put
lot ha-

clhng. I
;stobc

hchad

winter

a, doc

:iowcn

ind o-

to fay
)loitcd

oaftof

bllow-

ofthc

aiifing

•thofc I

icinco

thofc

yccrc.

dHa-

ikcto

rf^Jfc. .M

hcrfclf.lt is good foronctolodgc hiinfclf ina fwcct mildc
Cliiiiat,whcnonc may chufc, notwithftanding death fol-
lows vs cucry whcrcl hauc heard of a Pilot of New Haucn
that was with the Engliflinien in Virginia, 24. yearcs agoe,
that being xomc thither, there died 3 6. ofthem in three
moneths. Ncucrtheles Virmia, is taken to be in the 3 6. 37,
and 3 8. degrees of latitude , which is a good temperate
country. Which confidcring, lyetbeleeue ( as I hauc al-
ready faid before) that fuch mortality commcth by the
bad fare. And it is altogether needfull to hauc in fuch a
countric,at the ver; bcginning,houlliold,and tame cattcll
of all forts, and ^ cary (lore of fruit trees and grafts, for to
hauc there qui . ^ recreation neccflarie to the health of
them thatdefire people the land. That if the Sauages
thcmfclues be fuUeft to the {icknelTe , wherof we hauc
fpoken, I attribute that, to the fame caufc of cuill fare.
For they hauc nothing that may correft thevife of the
meates which they take : and are alwaies naked amongft
the moiftures of the ground , which is the very meancs to
gather quantitic of corrupted humours,which caufc thofc
iickneflcs vntothem, as well as to theftrangers thatgoc
thither, although they be borne to that kinde of life*

Chap. VIII.
The arriuall of Monftettr Dh Tout to Saint Croix : The ha- Thefccond
bitation transferred in Port Roy all: rrr»r«f <>/MonfieurDc voyage made
Monts into France : the difficultie of hand Milles : Thefurni- ^^ ^H*'^
tnre of the faid CMonfteur Dh Pont for the difcouery of new q^^^^ "
lands beyond Maleharre : fiippe-wracke iforecaflfor
the retnrne into Prance : Comparifonf>f thefe
voyages wtth them of Florida : the blame
ofthofe that dtjpraife the tillage
ofthelande^

" The mot"
taliijeof the
Hnulidi in
Vjrginia,likc
that of the
Frcnfli in
New France.
Virginia isin

degrees ofia*
titiidc.
Praileofthc
temper of
Virginia.
Bad fare the
chiefe caufe
oftheficknes.
Things med«
fuU.

He Spring time feafon being palTcd in the voyage
of the ArmoHchtijHois, MonJieurDe Monts did tcm-
porifc at Saint Croix for the time that he had agreed

G z vpon

' ' I i

*■ ■■.

ThearriiKill
of MonfifHT
Vft Vttnt.
\6oj.

Tranfjnfgra-
tioii ho'n S.
Croix to Vort

New buil-

vpon, in the which if he had no ncwcs from France j hec
iiii{];ht depart and come to feekefomc fhippe of them that
come to New found land for the drying of fifh, to the end
to repaOc in France within the fame, he and his companie,
if It were polTiblc. This time was alrcadie expired , and
they were readie to fct failcs, not expelling more any fuc-
cour nor rcheftiing, When Monftenr Dn Po^t, fuinamed
CrWjdwelhug at Hoftfleur, did arriue with a company of
fomefortiemen, fortoeafethcfaid LMonJienrDe Monts
and his troupe, which was to the great ioy of all, as one
niay well imagine : and canon (liots were free and plentiful
at the comming, according to cuftome, and the found of
trumpets. The laid Monfieur Dh Pont , not knowing, yet
the ftate of our French men , did thinke to findc there an
aiTured dwclling,and his lodgings readie : but confidering
the accidents of the ftrangc (ickneffe whereof we hauc
fpoken, hetooke aduice to change place. Monfieur De
Monts was very defirous that the new habitation had
becncabout^o. degrees, that is to fay, 4. degrees farther
then Saint Croix : but hauing viewed the coaft as farre as
Mdebarre, and with muchpainc, not finding what hec
dcfired, it was deliberated to goe and make their dwel-
ling in Port %2y^^y vntill meanes were liad to make an am-
pler difcouery .So cuery one began to packe vp hi $ things :
That which was built with infinite labour was pulled
downe, except the Store-houfe,which was too great and
painefullto berranfported, and in executing ofthis,many
voyages are made. All being come to Port Royal they
found out new labours : the abiding place ischofen right
oiieragainll the Hand , that is at the comming in of the ri-
uer L' Eqmlle, in a place where all is couered ouer and full
ofwoods, as thicke as poflible may be. The Moneth of
KScpteniber did already begin to come, and care was to be
taken for the vnlading of J/<?»/;fi/rZ)« Ponth\s^\\) y to
make roome for them that fhould returne backe into
irrance. Finally there is worke enough for all. When the

fliip was in a rcadincffc to put to failcs , t^TonJteur De
LMonts hauing fccnc the beginning of the new habitationi
fliippedhimfelfefor his rcturne with them that would Fol-
low him. Notwithftanding many of good courage (for-
getting the gricfcsand labours palled) didtary bchindc,
amongll wliom were Monficur (^hampUin and Monficur
(^bampdorcy the one for GeographU , and the other for the
conducting and guiding of the voyages that (liould be ne-
celFary to dc made byfea. Then the faid CMonfienr Dc The rcturne
Monts hoifed vpfailes ,and leaueth the faid Monsieur of Mon/tenr de
D«/'(9»r as his Lieutenant and deputie in thefe parts, who ^^^"'* '"^®
wanting no diligence (according to his nature) in making ^^^^^^'
perfect that which was needful! for to lodge both himf(.lie
and his people, which was all that might be done for that
y earein that country. For to goe farrc from home in the
Winter, and after fo long a toile, there was no reafon. And
as for the tillage of the ground, I beleeue they had no fit
time to doe it : For the faid MonfeurI)HPont was not a
man to [be long in refl, nortoleaue his men idle, if there
had beene any meanes for it.

The Winter being come,the Sauages of the country did Trnffike with
aflem.blethemlclues, from fane to /'orrAV)'^/, for to truck the Sauages.
with the Frenchmen,for fuch things they had,{ome bring-
ing Beauers skinnes, and Otters (w hich are thole whereof Beuers, Ot-
moft account may be made in that place) andalfo ElUns f^^'-s, and
orStaggcs, whereof good buftemay bemade : Others "SS^**
bringing flclli newly killed, wherewith they made many
good Tabagtesox feafts, lining menly as lonf^as they had Taha^»ia'\s a
wherevvithall. They ncuerwanred any bread, bur wine Sauagc ^
did not continue with them till the feafon was ended. For f e^ime, iigni-
when we came thither the yeare following, they liad been ^'"^ ^^ .^^*
aboue three Moneths without any wine, and were very
glad of our comming , for that made them to take againc
thetafteofit. *

The grcateft paine they had, was to grindc the corne to Hand Mils,
hauc brcad,which is very painfull with hand-mils, whcre-

. * G 3 all

It •'■■

; '? »!:

Etod. ii.vcr,

all the (Irongth of che bodie is requffice : And therefore it
is not without caufe that in old time , bad people were
thrcAcned to be fcnt to the Mill, as to the painefulled thing
chat is : to which occupation poore (laues were fet to^ be-
fore che vfe of water and winde-mils was found out, as che
Prophane hidories make mention : and the fame of the
comming of the people of Ifrael out of the land of iEgy pc,
where/or the lall fcourgechat God will fend to Ph^rao jht
declarethby the moum o( Aioi/es , that d^out midnight
hewi/l pajje thorow <i^gjft , and ettery firfl home flmildie
therCi from the firfl borne of Pharxo , that fioaid Jit vpon his
throne y to the firfl home of the maide SerM ant which grmdeth
at the Mi/l, And this labor is fo great, that the Sauages (al-
though they be very poore) cannot beare it, andhad ra-
ther to be without bread, then to takefomuch pains as it
hath beene tricd,offering them halfc of the grinding they
fliould doe, but they chufed rather to haue no come. And
I might well belecuc that the fame,with other things,hath
beene great rocanes to breed the fickneiTc fpokcn of, in
The number (omtoi Mon/teftr^ffP onthh men : for there diedfome
•t the dead, j^ ^if^ ^ j^^^j, of them that winter. True it is, that I finde a
defe£lin the buildings of our Frenchmen, which is,thcy
Fault in their had no ditches about them , whereby the waters of the
buildings. ground next to them did runnevnder their lower- moft
roomcs, which was a great hindrance to their health. I
adde befides the bad waters which they vfed, that did
not runne from a quicke fpring , but from the neered
brooke.

The winter being pa{red,& the fea nauigablc, Monfieur

i)«Po«^ would needcs atchieue theenterprife be<yunthe

J^^he difco^'' y"^*^ ^^^""'^ ^y ^^«/?^«r Be Monts, and to goe fe?ke out

ucryof ncvv ^ Portmore Southerly, where theairc might be more tcm-

bnds. perate, according as he had in charge of the faid MsnfieHr

DeMonts. He furnillied then the barke which remained

with him to that efT^a. But being fet out of the porc,and

full readie, hoifted vp failes for Malebarre, he wa| forced

The furniture
of Monfituf

by coiv

third til

en trie (

men w

mercha

Andb

which ^

Port Re

itis.on

with tt

league :

that cni

men, at

mud n

Coloni

temper

and cu

notfroi

that tei

nameo

woolu(

Thi!

knewn

plieth:

Royall

Shaloi

they \

Port, I

Baieo

cordin

to the

Franct

Wher

newes

(hall a

Thewraclfc

bycontrarie windetwicctoputbackeagainc, am! at tht

third cime the faid Barke ftrakc againlhhc rockcs at the

cntrie ofthcfaid Port. In this difgiacc dt Neptune, the , ,

men were faucd with the better part of prouifion and °*^"*^^^^*^''«

mcrchaiidife 3 but as for the Barkc it was rent in pceces.

And by this mifliap the voyage was broken , and that

which was (b dclircd intermitted. For the habitation of

Port Royall was not iudged good. And notwithdanding

itis.on the North and North-wtft fides , well {licltercd ^ "n"t^^^^^^

WJth mountaincs, diftant fome one league, fome halfe a blifliingtlic

Jcaguc from the Port and the riuer L.ScjhiHc^o we fee how dwellinc

that cntcrprifes take not efFcft according to thedefires of r''^<^corthc

men, and are accompanied with many perils. So that one ^^^"^" "^^"'

muft not woondcr if the time be longineftablifhing of

Colonies, fpecially in lands fo remote, whofe nature, and

temperature of aire is not knowen,and where one muft fell

and cut downeforrcfts , and be conftrained to take heed,

not from the people that we call Sauages , but from them

thattermethcmielues Chriftians , and yet hauc but the

name of it, curfed and abhominabic people, wooife then

woolues, enemies to God and humane nature.

This attempt then being broken, tJ^onfieHr'DuPont
knew not what to doe, but to attend the fuccour and fup-
plic that Monpeur D e Monts promifed , partii^g from Port
Royall at his returne into France , to fend him the yeere
following. Yet for all euents he buik an other fiarke and a
Shaloup for to feeke French fhippes in the places where
they vie to dry fifh , fuch as Campfeau Port , Englifli
Port, Mifamichis Port : the Baic of Chaleur(or heat,) the
Baie of Morues or Goddes,and others in great numbcr,ac-
cording as Monfieur D e Monts had done the former yeere,
to the end to (hip himfelfe in them , and to returne into
France, in cafe that no fhippe (liould come to fuccour him.
\A/herein he did wifely , for he was in danger to hearc no
tiewes from vs, that were appointed tofucceedhim, as it

(hall appearc by the difcourie following.

But

Houi TrAficla.

Th com a- ^"'^ *" ^^^ tticanc while wccmuftconfidcrtliat thcyj
nn^of thcfc which in thcfc voyages haue tranrpoitcd thcmfeliies iti
later voui-jcs. thefe parts, haue had an aduantage oucrthofcthat would
plane in Florida, which is in hailing that refuge betorcfaid,
of French lliippes that frequent the New found lands for
filTiing, not bcHig forced co build great (hippes, nor to a-
bide extreme famincs,as they haue doneni Flortday whofc
voyages haue bccne lamentable for that refpc^, and thefe
by rcafon of the fickncfles that haue perfccuted chem^
but they o^ Florida haue had a bleflingfor that they were
in a mildc and fcrtill counrrcy , and more friendly to
mans health then New France , fpoken of cKe where.
If they haue fufFered famines, there was great fault
in them , for not hauing tilled the ground , which they
found plaine and champion: Which before all other thing
is to be done, of them that will lodge themfeluesfofarrc
The bhmc from ordinaric fuccour. But the Frenchmen , and almoft
af fkit^^ J3^° *'^ nations at this day ( I meane of thofe that be not borne
and brought vp to the manuring of the ground ) haue
this badde nature, that they thinke to derogate much from
their dignitie in addi£ling themfelues to the tillage of the
ground, which notwith(tanding is almofl, theonely vo-
cation where innocencie remaineth. And thereby com-
meth that euerie one (hunningthis noble labour , our fird
Parents and ancient Kings exercife , as alfo of the greatefl:
Captaines of the World , feeking to make himfelfe a Gen-
tleman at others coftes, or clfe willing oncly to learnc the
^ .. trade to deceauemen, or to claw himfeUe in the Sunnc,

^-„», ^* Godtaketh away his blefTingfrom vs, and beateth vs at
this day, and hath done a long timg with an iron rodde, fo
that in all parts the people languiflicth miferably , and we
fee th c Realmc of France fwanning with beggers and va-
gabonds of all kindcs, befides an infinite number, groa-
ning in their poore cottages, not daring, orafliamcdto
flic wfoorth their po uci tie and miferie.

at this day
defpife the
manuring of
the ground.

sncnts*

Chap.

t^tfd FrdficUk

Chap. IX.

Tfjcf''p ^^«^*i"<* ^» J acceptation of the vora^e Ij Jlf«ih

jficitr l>e PoMtrirtCourt, together Vfitu the Ait^

thi/r, into ATrw France : their depot tnri

from I'arU togoeintoRochci.

ABoti c tJi c time of the before mentioned (hipwracke«
OMonfteur DeAUnts being in France, did thinke
c^ircfiilty vponche mcancs how to prepare a new
fiippljc for nf vv France. Which fccmed hard and djfficiilc
to him,as well for the great charges that that aflion requi-
red, a^ bccitifc ilut Prouince had beene fo difcredited ac
Ins rctiirnc, chat :hc con: inning of thcfe voyages any lon-
ger did iccmc viis'c and vniruitfiill. BeHdcs, there was
<onic realjn to be!ccue tl)at no bodie would aducnturc
Inuifclic tliicfier. Notwichflanding, knowing Afo^fieur
*Dc V9^trmcoMrt hisdcfirc ( to whom before he had gi\icn
part oftl^'C land, according to the power which thcKirg
Jiad giticn hitn) vv hich was toinhabite in thofe paits^ ana
there lo fctde his family and his fortune, together with
the name of God, he wrorcvnrohim,andfcntamanof
purpofc CO gii!C him notice of the voyage that was in
tiand. Which the faid Monfieur De Poutri.coffirt SiQccptcd
of, leaning all other affuircs , to attend on this aQion,
though he had 1 iucs in law of great vv eight ; to the profc-
cuting and defence ulici eof, his picfentc was very reqiii-
fite: Aiidcliutar luslirll: vova^LC he had tried the malice
of fonic, whuk d-ning his abfcncc profccutcd againft
him wirli i i'j;oui', and ac his recurnc 2;auc ouer and became
dv^nibc. lie \Tas no fooncrcomr to Paris, but that he was
forced to depart, not hauing fcarfctimc toprouidc foif
tilings ncccli '^ric. And I hauing had that good happc to be
acquaint cdwitli him feme y ceres before, asked mcc if I
v^ ould take part in that buhnellc; whcrcunco 1 demanded
Adaics ic(pu toanUvci him. tianing vvcil coufuked with

ThctMrd

voi.M'C mni<?

by Mnnfrttrii

Mcnftenr Vt

ncccpccththe
voi)»e of
Ncv\ France.

5»

The caufcs

•ft

■$

*
ll

?ral.f.4-

myrelfe, notfomucli dcfiroustofee the countrie ( for I
knew well chac chere was woods, lakes and riuers,and that
one uhilI goe ouer Teas ( which I had before done in the
ihois voiagc. Straights) as to bee abletogiueaneie iudgemcnt of the
bnd, whereto my mindc was before inclined .-and toauoid
a corrupted world I engaged my word vnto him , being
induced thereto fpecialiy tot the vniuflice done to mc a
iictlc before, by lome Pi efidiall ludgcs, in fauour of a Par-
fonagc of eminent qualitie , whom I hauc alwaies hono-
red and reuercnced: which fcntCDCC army rcturneharh
bcene recalled, by order and fentencc of the Court of Par-
liament, for which I am particularly obliged to Monfieur
Serum, the King his Aduocat€ Gencrall , to whom doth
belong properly thisEloge, attributed according to the
letter, to the mod wife and moft magnificent of all Kings
Thou hafi lotted lufttce and hated iniquitie.

So it isthatGodawakcneth vs fomtimcs,toftirrc vs vp
to generous aftions, fuch as bethcfe voiagci , which ( as
the world doth varic)fome willblame,other fome willap*
proouc. But without anfweringany body in this rcfpei^-,
I care not what difcourfcs idle men, or thofc that cannot^
or will not helpc mee , may make , cnioying content-
mentinmyfelfc, and being rcadic to render all feruicc to
God and to the King in tnofe remote lands i that beare
the name of France , if cither my fortune or condition call
me thitherj for there to Hue in quiet and red, by an accep-
table pleadng labour , and to (nun the hard and miferable
Jife,whereto I fee reduced the moft part of men in this part
©f the World,

To returne then to Monfieur De ^outrincourt,z% he had
difpatched fome bufinefFcs, he inquired in fome Churches
iffome learned Pri eft might be found out, thatwould ooc
with him, co rclieue and cafe him, whom Monfieur De
Monts had left there at his voiagc,w hom w e thought to be
yetliuing. E: r bccaufeitwastheHoly wccke, in which
xmt they au imployed, and w^ite on confcffions and

ihriuing$>

^:«it:-

riQHti rrMncss*

goc

flirJuings , Acre was none to bee found; foraccxciifing
thcmfclues vpon the troubles and difcommodities of the
fea, and the length of the voyage , other deferring it till af-
ter Eafter. Which was caufc that none could be had out of
Paris, by reafon the feafon hafted on ^ time and tyde tarry
for no man, fo then wc were forced to depart.

There rcftedto findeout fit and neccflary workemen
forthe voyage of New France, whereunto was fpeedilic
prouided, price' agreed vpon for thctr w^ges, andmony
giuen before hand in part thereofto beare their charges to
Rochell, where the rendesvous was, at the dwelling hou-
fcs of Mafter Macqmn , and Maftcr Georges ^ worfliipfull
Marchants of thefaid Townejtheaflbciates of Monfieur
De MontSy which did prouide our furniture and prouifion.

Our meaner people being gone, three or fower dnics af. The parting
terwctookeourwayto Orleans, vpon Good Friday, for from Pans,
there to folcmnife and paffe our Eader , where euery one
accompliflied the dutic vfuall to all good Chriftians, in ta-
king thefpiritual food,thatis tofay,theholy Communion,
feeing we did vndertake, and were going on a voyage.
From thence wc camedowne theriuerXt^^r^toSaumur,
with our cariage : andfrom SawmurwewentbyTouart
and Maran to Rochell,by hackney horfcs.

C H A p. X.

The name of our Ship cafiedt he lon^is : Thefhaltow 1»4terat

'R^chellis the caufe of the hard going out : Roc he// a reformed

Towne: the common feople is injelent : Croquans : the accident

of Jhip'Wrackeof the lor as : new preparation : tveak^

fouldiers are not to be placed vpon the frontiers:

TheAfinifiers of Rochelldoeprayfor thecon*

Herfion of the Sauagesithe {malK,eale of ours:

the Eucharifl carted in voiages by the ancu

€nt Chriflian: t he diligence o/Monficur

Dc Poutrincourc at the very

point of Shipping,

Hs Being .

^!.: .

2V0MFf4md,

''i

' I'

» f

Thepriifcs
oi'RochdU

Eing come to Rochell, ^Ntfo^^r\At\\txtMon|teMr'D$
Alonis . and Aionfenr J)e Po^tn/icoart , (bat vvcr^
come til Foil, and our fnip called tlic lov^i , cf the
burrhcnof I ^o.co^lnos, rcadic topallcontot rliccl)ain«
ciihc'l ow!JC,totaiy for windcandt\ de. 1 hctvdcl iav
becauic thata .^reat Hup laden, caTinorcoinc to (ca nom
Rochcll,butji.lpringtydcs,vpon:iicr.cv\andiullnioonr,
by rcafoii tiiat jn the tovviic roade there is no luflicitni
depth. In the incanc v\hilc wcnjadeoood chcarc , yea fo
good, that we did long to beat fcaio make diet: which
we did but too foone,bcing once come thitlier : for during
C\vo whole moncthes we faw not a whic of land, as wc will
farther tell anone. But the workcroen> thorow their good
cheare (for they had cuery onetwoftiillinp^sadaiesnirc)
didplay marucllous pranckesin SaintNicholas quaiter^
where they were lodged, which was found Grange in a
towne fo reformed as Rochell is,in the which no notorious
riots nor diflblutions be madejand indeed one muft bchaue
hiinfelfe orderl)'^ there, vnleflc he will incurre the danger
cither of the cenfureof thcMaior , or of the Ndiniflersof
the Towne. Some of thofe difordcred men were put in
prifon, which were keptintheTowne-houfe till the time
of going, and had beenc further punifhcd,haditnot beene
vponconfiderationofthe voyage, where they knew rhey'
fhould not haue all their eafes, butfliould afterwards pay
decre enough their madde bargen, in putting the faid Ma-
dcrMac^uw and Maflet Georges to fomuch trouble , to
kcepe them iaord'er. I will not, for all that, put in the num-
ber ofthis difordred people ,al the rcft,for t here were fome
(ro^iMBs (Sig- V^*T eiuilland refpe/^iuc. But I will fay that the common
nifying people is 3 dangerous beaft.And thismaketh me remember

hool:es)why the CroqHans war , amongft w horn I was once in my life,
/b called. ijg-j^g jj^ ^ijrci. It was tlie ftrangefl thing in the world to
fee the confufion of thofe woodden lliooed fcllowes, from
whence thcytooke thcnameof CV^^z/^w (that is to fay

Hookers)

vvcr«

lonr.

\ will

//b9i(^^Jrjbccau^ctT)acthcir woociden(!hooei9 nayledbe-
foreaadbehinde, didhookeorflicke fadatcucryftcppe.
This confufcd people had neither rime nor reafon among
them-, eucry one was Maftcrtherc; fomcarmcd with an
hcdge-hooke at a (lafes cnd^otLcis with fomc rudy fwordi
and fo accordingly.

Our lonas hauing her full loade, was in the end rowed Neotigenct
out of the Towne into the roadc,and we thought to fct out |n^«h« l<eep«
the 8. or 9. of Aprill. C^ptsanc FofilijHes had taken the »"gof**>«
charge for the conducing ofthc voyage. But as common- *'**'*
luonly there i$ negligence ill mens buiincff^s , it hapncd
that this Captaine (who notwichllanding 1 haue knowea
very diligent and watchtuli at Tea ) hauing left the ihip ill
tnannedj not being in her himfelfe^ nor the Pilot, but only
6. or 7. mariners good and bad , a grcatSouth-ead winde
arofe in the night , which brake the loftas cable , faflend
with one onely ancker, and driueth her againd a fore wall
which isout of the towne, backing and proping the Tow-
er of the chaine , againd which ineftrake fomany times,
thatihe brake and funke downe % and it chanced well that
it was then ebbing, for ifthismiOiap had come in flowing
time , theiliip was ia danger to be ouerwhelmed with a
farre greater lolTc then we had ^ but Qie ftood vp , and fo
there was -ans to mend her, which wasdone wichTpeed.
Our workcmen were warned tacome and heipcin this ne- Hyred work^
ceffity, eithertadrawatthepompe, attheCapcftane, or mennegli.
to any other things but few there were chat endeuourcd S*"**
thcmfelues to doe anyr thing, the mod part of rhem going
awav, and mofl: of rhem made a mocke of it. Some hauins^
gone fo fai as to theoare,went backe complaining that one
had cad water vponthem, being of that fide that chewa-
tcrcanie outot tnepompe, which the windc did fcatter
vponthem. I came thither with 'Jl^onfieHrDcToHtrin'
court , andfome other willing men , where wee werenot
vnprofitable. . Almod ali the nihabirants of Rochell were
beholding this fpeftaclc vpon the rampiers. The fea was

H 3 yet

i' ' t

W '■>:

'i \P

vMr

,"? I

The courage
f Monjieur

j^Ilorroyj^vCx tliougtit our rhip would haueJaflicd

* oftentimes againft the great Towers of the tdwnc. In th«

end, we came in with Icuc loflc then wee thought of. The

/hip was all vnladen, being forced totacklcahd furni/h her

anew. The lode thereby was great , and the voyages al-

moft broken ofFfor eucr : for 1 belecuc, that after fo many

» 1 ■■■ ,\ ' trials, none would hauc ventured to goc plant Colonies in

thofe parts ; that Country being fo ill fpoken of, that cuc-

ry one did pittie vs,con{idcring the accidents happened to

them that had bcenc there before. Notwithftandmg Moif

jieurDc LMonts and his aflociatcs, did beare manfully this

i>e Monts and lofl'e. And I muft needs be fo bold as to tel in this occurrScc

his affocutej. fj^jtif^u^r that country be inhabited with Chriftiansand

ciuill people, the firft praifc thereofmuft ©fright be due to

the Authors of this voyage.

This great trouble hindered vs abouc a moneth, which
wasemploied inthe vnlading, and lading againeof our
(hip. Duringthat time, we did vvalkc fomctimcs vnto the
places ncere about the townc, and chiefly vnto the Con-
vent of the CordelierSjW hich is but halfe a league offfrom
the to wne : where being one Sunday ,1 did inaruell how in
thofe places of frontier,there is no better ganifon, having
fo ftrong enemies neere them. And feeing I take in hand to
rclatean hiftory of things , according to the true mancr of
them : I fay that it is a (HamefuU thing for vs, that the Mi-
niftcrs of Rochell,pray to God euery day in their Congrc-
The Minifters g^tions fok the conuerfion of the poore Sauage people,and
floe pray for alfofor our fafc conducing , and that our Church-men
the conuerfi- doc not the like . In very truth we neuer required neither
the one nor the other to doe it , but thcrin is knowen the
zealeofbothfides.In the cnd,a little before our departing,
it came to my minde to askc of the Parfon or Vicar of Ro-
chell if there might be found any of his fraternity that
would come with vs, which I hoped might eafily be done,
becaufe there was a reafonable good number of them :
and befidcs, tliac being in a maritime towne , I thought

they

The fron.
tiers ought
to be furni-
shed with
£Ood Soul-
cicrs.

on of the Sa
uagej,

I^dUA Francia, ^^

rfieytookc delight to haunt thefcas : hut I could obtains
tioching : >aiiid tbrallexcufes, ic was toide me^ char none
would goe to fuch voyages , vnlclTe they were inooucd
with an e>ccraordinary zealc and piccie ; And that it would
bee the bcft way to feckc to the fathers Icfuites for
the fame. Which wc could not then doc, our fhip hauing
almoil: her full lading. Whereupon I remember to hauc
lieard of centimes of (J^onjlenr De Poutrincofirt , that after
his fifft voiagc , being at the Court , an Ecclefiafticall pcr-
ioi^i efteenied very zealous in the Chriftian religion, de-
manded of him what might be hoped for in the conuerfion
of die people of New France, and whether there were any
great number of them. Whcrcuntahe anfwered, thata
hundred thoufand foules might be gotten to lefits Chrtftt
(naming a number certaine for an vncertainc. ) This Cler-
^\Q man making fmall account of fuch a number, faid ther-
u pon by admiration, />^^^^'? ! as ifthat number did lioc
deferuc the labour of a Church-man. Truly though .ere
were but the hundreth part of that, yea yet lelle, one mufl
not fufFcrit to bee loft. The good Shcepheard hauing a- ^*^^^ i8.
nionganhundrcdfliecpconcaftray,left thepp. fortogo v«f^-"'«5*^
and feckc out the one that was loft, Wc are taught &) I be*
leeuc it fo'Jthat though there were but one man to be faucd,
our Lord lejm Chrtji had not difdaincd to come , as well
for him , as he hath done for all the world. In like maner^
one muft not make fofmal account ofthcfaluation of thcfc , ,
poore people, though they fwarmc not in number as with- . : ...
in Paris or Conftantmoplc. - \

Seeing it auailcd me nothing in demanding for a Church- ^"^^o"?^ of
rnan,to adminifter the Sacrament vnto vs, be it during our chriftunT
nauigation, orvpon the land: The ancient cuftome of the caryingthc
Chriftians came into myminde, which going in voyage Euchariftm
did carry with them the holy bread of the EtichariB , and '^""^ voyages,
this did they, bccaufe they found not, in all places, Priefts . -?

to adminifter this Sacrament vnto them , the world being
thcnyct full^eithc^of Heathcasor H.cretickc5. So that ic

was.

*' :;

iff

«4

ht& hi'othcr.

wasnotvnpropcrly called Fwa^c, MvlucIuTicy carried with
^ thcmtrauclljtjjoiuhcway : yctnotwuhftandingf amof

opinion rhat ichatha/pii itnail meaning. And contidcrjrg
tnacwcmio^htbc biouj^httoihatncccfllcy ,nothauingiii
New France butJDnc PiicTl ondy , (of whofc death wcc
heard when wc came tliiclicr)lclcroandcdif they would
doc vnco vs , a$ to the ancient Chnilians , who were at
^ife as we. I was anrwcred chat the fame was done in tha(
Cimcfor confiderations which arenotnow atchisdaie. I
c' u ^ t-r* replied ihac iV/i^r/rw Saint Amlrofrs\}YOi\\cr, 5;oin«;on a
imIus fi.ncrall voya^c vpon the fca, Iciiicd iiiniteite with cms ipuituaU
oration for Phyiicke (as wc read in his Itrncrall oution made by \,\t
faid brother Saint Ambrofe) which he did carry inOrarioj^
whichltakcrobealynncn ilorh, ortafTira : and well did
ic happen vnro h-nj by it. For hauing made fliip-wvackc,
!ic faucd himfelfc vpon a bord ♦ left of his velleh wracke«
But I was as well refufed in this as of the rcR. \Vh5\h giuc
mec caufc ofwondrin» : feemino-to ineavery ri2.croi5$
thing to be in worfc condidon then i]i<! Hi It Cluinians.
For the £uchahftis noochcrcl'injtatchi'i day then it was
then : And if they held it precious, wedociiotduiiandit
10 make leiTer accountthcrcoH

Let vs returncto our IctiJis, Now (Lee was laden and
brought out of the townc into the roadc : there tefleth no-
thing Hiore than fit weat-hcr & ride : v\hich was the bar dell
otrhek?.iatter. For in places where is no great depth, asin
RocLcil, onemuft tarry for the high tydcsofrhc hill and
new Mooncs,and then paraducnture the winde will nor be
fit,andfoonemuftdefcrrc, till a fortnights time. In the
meane whilethc fcafon goeth away : as jt wasalmoil with
- vs. For we faw the hourc that after fo many labours and

charges, we were indanger to tary for lacke of winde, be-
cauferheMoonc wasinthcwainc, and confequcndythe
BaJ f«»r itiori tyde.Caprainc FouI^hcsM notfeemctoafFc£\ his charge,
of Cipt^ine making no ordinary fuy in the ll)ip ; and it was reported
A* ffi» that other Mercliaats , not bci( i]*: of AUnfienr ^De Oiionts

t^rdneiTe to
come fcorth
fr^taaPort,

age.

his focictic, did fccrcdy folicitc him to brcakc offtlic voy-
age. And indeed it hath bcciie thought that he caufcd vs
to make wrong courfes : which kept vs twotnonethcsand
ahalfc atfea , as hcercaftcrwe fliallfce. Which thingthc yi^^ j,jf
{aid Monfteur 1)e Poutrincourt pcrcciuing, himfclfe tooke genre and
vpon him the charge of Captaine of the fnip, and went to <^^ic of iWom//.
lie in her, the fpace of fiue or fix daics , for to get out with ^' ^^<'*«w'i-
the firft winde , and not to loofe the opportunity. In the "*'**
end, with much a doc the clcuenth day of May 1606, by
the fauour of afmall Eaftcrly winde, he went to fea , and
made our /(?«^ to be brought tathc'Palife, andthenext »Aulacero
diy being the 12. ofthe(amemoncth,cameagaincto Chef called ncerc
<iffhois{yJhich be the places where iliips put thcmfelucs for >l««^'tf.
(heker from windes) where tfjc hope of New France was
ailcmblcd. I fay the hope, becaufe that of this voyage,
did depend the continuance or totall breach of the cntcr-

pnfc.

Chap. XL

Their departure from %oche/l: Sundry meetings ofjhi^s, and
Pirats : Stormy Sea about the Azores yandivhence it proceeds :
lyhy the Weii veindes are frequent in the Weft fea : Prom
fffhencethe winds doe come : Porpefesdoe frognofitcati
fiormesimeanes to takf them: the defcrihing of them :
offtormes : thetr effeEis : of^a/mes : what is agufi
9J fVtnde : how it is made : the ejfeEls thereof:
the boldneffe ofmariners : how reuerence U
giuen to the Kings Jhip : thefupputation
of the voyage : hot fea: then cold:
thereafonofit:andofthebanckfS
if Ice in New-found,
Land*

T f He Saturday jWhitfoneuc i g . of May, wc weired x j.ofMay,
our anckers, and failed in open fea, 10 that by little *^®^*«
and little wee loft the fight of the great towers and
town of RochcllathcA of the lies oiRex, & QUron^ bidding

1 France

' u

i'^ ';iri

fc- l'' <|

Meetings of

flaps.

Meeting cfr
Pirate or ouc
Uwcd.

Ncptuncs
iliccpe.

Why is the
fca lioimic
aboiuthe
Azores.

France farewell. It was aching fcawfull for them that were
not vfcd CO luch a dance, to (ec them caricd vpon fo moue-
ablean cllemenr, and to beatcuery moment (ask were)
Within two fingers bredth to death. We had not long fai-
led, but that many did their endcuour to y eeld vp the tri-
bute to Neptune, hi the meane while we went ft:ll forward,
for there was no more going backe, the plancke being once
taken vp. The i d. of May we met with 1 3 . Holandcrs,go-
ing for Spaine , which did inquire of our voyage, and fo
held their courfe. Since that time we were a whole moneth,
feeing nothing elfe out of our flotingtowne, but5kieand
, water, one fliip excepted, neere about the e^^or/, well fil-
\ led with Englilli and Dutchmen. They bare vp with vs,
and came very neere vs. And according to the maner of
the fea,we asked them whence their fhipwas. They told
V5 they were New-found-land men, that is to fay going a
fifhing forNew-found-land-fifli. And they asked vs if wc
would acceptof their companie: we thanked them :ther-
upon they dranketo vs, and we to them , and they tookc
another courfe. But hauing confidered their veflell all fet
with greenemofle on the belly and (ides , weiudged them
to be Pirates, & that they had of a long time b'eaten the fca,
inhopetomakefomeprifc. It was then that we began to
fee, more than before , Nepunes fheepe to skip vp (To doc
they call the frothy wanes, when the fea beginneth to flur-
and CO feele the hard blowes of his Trident. For common-
ly in that place before named the fea is ftormy . If one askc
me the caufe why: I wil anfwer, that Ithinke it to proceed
of a certaine conflift between the Eafl; & wefterly windes,
which doe encounter in that part of the fea, and efpecially
in Summer,when the Weft windes doe rife vp, and with a
great force pierce and paflethorow a great diftancc of fea,
vntiil they finde the windes ofthefe parts, which doe rcfift
them 5 Then it is dangerous for a (hip to be at thefe windy
encounters. This reafon feemeth the more probable vnto
me,in thisjthat vntiil wc came nccrcthc A%ores we had the

winde

windc
cither
which
For Ea
which
thatth
Whetl
which
of we h
land,b
thence
ally in !
vapors
ingfroi
the Poi
from V
v/henit
^, vnto VJ
phctjtl
eththc
whcrec
brcw>

He hr'if
the I
onfo

Thewii

■*rf-

NdUA FfdncU. ty

winde fie enough, and afterward, wehadalmofi al wales
cither South-well or Norwcafl, little North and South,
which were not good for vs, but to failc with the bowline 2
For Eafterly windes v\ c had none at all, but once or twice,
which continued nothing with vs (to fpeake of.) Sure it is Wcftcily
that the Wefterlywindes doe raigne much a long that fca, na"y,"thV^
whether it be by a certaine rcpercufTion of the Eafl: winde Wdlernc
which is ftifFc and fwift vndcr the Equinoftiall line, wber- Sea.
of we haue fpoken elfe-whcrc,or becaufe that this Weftern
land, being large and ^rcar,alfo the winde that iflueth from
thence doth abound tlic more. Whichcommethcfpeci-
ally in Summer, when the funne hath force to draw vp the from whence
vapors of the earth, for the windes come from thence, ifTu- ^^^ vvindes
jng from the dennes and Caues of the fame. And therefore ^'^^c®"^^
the Poets doefaine that«^o/«f holdeththcm inprifons,
from whence hee draweth them, and giueth them liberty
v/hen it pleafeth him. But the fpirit of God doth confirm it
vnto vs yet better,when he faith by the mouthof thePro-
phctjthat Almighty God,among other his maruel$,draw- Pfal. i j y.
eth the windes out of his treafures , which be the Caues
whereof I fpeake. For the word treafnre fignilieth in He-
brew, fecret and hidden place.

He br'mgethfoorth the cloudesfrom the earthesfHrtheflfartf,
the lightnings with the raines he makes y and them impartes,
onfome in his Anger-, on others for pleafnres :

The windes he drarvethfoorth out of his deepetreafnres*

And vpon this confideration, Chrifiopher Coltimbm, a
Genwaie, firft nauigator of thefe laft ages vnto the Hands
ofAmerika, did iudge that there was fome great land in the
Weft, hauingobferued, failing on the fca, that continual!
windes came from that part.

Continuing then our courfc, we had fome other ftormes
& hindrances procured by windes, which we almoft had
alwaies contrary , by reafon we fet out too late : but they
that fct out in March haue commonly good windes , be-

I 2 caufc

¥ m

•jih-»

.( '

'ri'

*., I

Porpcfci

TliJWAy to

caufc that thcnthc Eaft, Norcall , and Nortlicrn windcs
doc raignc, which are tit and prolperous lor ihcfc voagcs.
Thcfc ccmpcrts were very otren torctold vj> by Porpcfcs,
iiocprop,iiof. ^vhichdid haunt about our Ihip by thoulands.fpoiting
ticatcUorms. t]^,.(„{^.ii,cs after a very plcafant nianer. Sonicoiihundid
pay for their (o nccr eapproachmg. For fonic men waited
tor them ntthc bckc head (uliich is the forcpait of the
(liip) wich harping Irons in their hands , which met with
thcmfometimcs, and drew them inabord withthehclpc
of the other failers, which,withironhookcs (which they
call 6'^jjv/)tiedatthe end ofa long powle, pulled them vp.
Wchauc takcnmany of them in that fort j both in going
andcomming, which haucdone vs noharme. There bee
two forts of them, fomc which haueablunt and bigge
nofe, others which haucit lliarpcj wetookc none but ot
thcfelaft , but yet I remember to haue feenc in the water
fomc of the iLort-nofed ones. This fiOi hath two fingers
bredth of fat, at the lcafl:,on the backe When it was cut in
two, we did wa{h our hands in his hot blood, which, they
fay, comforteth theiinewes. He hath a maruelous quan-
tity of teeth along his Jawes , and I thinkc that he holdeth
faft that which he once catcheth. Morcouer the inward
parts haue altogether the taftc of hoggs flcfli , and the
bones not in forme of fi(h bones, but hke a fourc footed
creature. The moft delicate meat of it ^ is the finne which
he hath vpon the backe, andthctailc, which are neither
filh nor flefh , but better then that , fuch as alfo is in fub-
ftanceoftaile,thatoftheBeuers,whichfeemethtobcfcai-
ABeauers ^^^* Thefe Porpefes be the onely fi(heswctooke,bcforc
ta.leis dainty wccamcto the great banckcof yT/or^^/or Codfiih, But
meatc. f ^r off we faw othc r great fi(lies,which did fliew,out of the

Avater,aboue haife an akers length of their backcs, and did
thruft out in the aire aboue a fpeares height of great pipes
of water, thorow the holes they had vpon their heads.
Stormct, tnd jg^^ ^^ rcrurne to our purpofe of itormcs ; during our
vojage, wchad fomc which madcvs Itnkc downc failc,

aod;

The dcfcripti-
oaofthcP*?"-

hot bloud
doth comfort
shciinev^cs.

€9

and to ftanci our armcs a crofl'c,caricd at tlic plcafui c ofthc
vvaucs , and tolled vp and dovviic after a (Irangc maiicr. If
any coffer or chcft was not well made faft , it was heard to
rowlc from fide to fide, makciDg a foil Icnoifc. Somerimes
the kettle was oucrturncd-, and in dyning or fuppjng, our
dilhcsandplacters flew fromonccndcof the lablctotlie
other , vnkilc they were holden very fail. As for the
drinke,one muft cary hw mouth and the glalfc , according
to the motion of chc Ihip. Briefely it was a fporr,biir fome-
whatrude, to them that cannot bearc this logging ca(jly.
For all that, the moftof vs did laugh at it : for there was no
danger in it, at leaft cuidcnt, being in a good Hiip , and
flrong towithrtand thcwaues. We had alfo fometimes q i

calmes, very tedious and wearifomc, during which, wc rifojj^c,
wafhcdour felues in the fea , we danced vpon thedcckc,

we climbed vp the mainc top , we fang in mufickc. Then
when a little fmall cloudewas pcrceiued t(^ ilTue from vn-
dcr the HoriK>on, wc were forced to giuc ouer thofe excrci-
fc$, for to takcheedofaguftofwinde, which was wrap,
ped in the fame cloud,which diflbluing it felfe, grumbling,
fnorting, whiftling, roaring, ftorming, and buzing, was a-
bleto ouerturncour (hip vpfldcdownc, vnleffemenhad
bcenc ready to execute that which the Mafter of the (hip
(which was Captainc F<7«^«(f/, aman very vigilant) com-
manded them. There is no harmc in (hewing how thefc
gufts of windc, othcrwife called ftormes, arc formed , and
from whence they proceed. Plinie fpeaketh of them in his vim, Uh. t,
naturall hiftory,and faith,that they be exhalations & light frff^S,
vapours raifed from the earth to thecolde region of the
aire: and notbeing able to parte further, but rather forced
toreturne backe, they fometimes meetfulphury andfiry
exhalations, which compaflc them about, andbindc fo
hard ,that there come,thcr eby a great combat.motions and
agitation, between the fulphury hear, and the airy moift-
nertc, which being conftrained by theftronger enemy to
mn away ) it opcncth it felfe,raaketh it felfc waie,whiftleth ,
r I ^ roarcth,

Whirlc-
windc,what
icis, hovritis
made : the
cffe^s there-
of.

It.' ;

■A- i.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

1.25

121

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140

2.0

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'■• r. '

•m

KouATranetd,

roarech and (lonneth,briefely becometh a winde, which is
greater leflcr according that the fulphury cxalation which
wrappeth it, brcaketh it fclfe and giucth it way,fometimes
all at once, as we haue (hewed before, and fometimes with
longer time,according to the quantity of the matter whcr-
of Jt is madc,and according as,cither more or lelTe^itis mo-
ued by his contrary quahties.
The mirucU But I cannot leaue vnmentioncd the wonderful courage
lousaffmancc and afTurance that good failcrs haue in thcfe vvindiccon-
of the good fl • £^5^ ftormes and tcmpcfts , when as a (hip being caried
the4 fca-ia- ^"^ mounted vpon mountaines of waters, and from thence
bourj. let downe , as it were, into the profound depthes of the

world, they clime among the tacklings and cordes, not on-
ly to the maine top , and to the very height of the maine
mad, but alfo, without ladder {leps,to the top of another
mafl, faftened to thefird, held onclv with the force of
their armcs and feet, winding about the highed tacklings.
Yea much more, that if, in this great toflTmg and rowling, it
chanceth that the mainefaile( which they call Paphilot
PafefuSi) be vnticd at the higher end^,he, who is firft com-
manded, will put himfelfe madiing vpon the maine yard
( that is the tree which crolTed the maine mad)and, with a
hammer at his girdle,and halfe a dofen nailes in his mouthy
will tie againe and make fad, that which was vntied, to the
The boUnes pcrillofathoufandliues. I haue fometimes heard great ac-
of a Switzer, count made of a Switzers bouldnefl'e, who (after the (iege
at Lmik oiLdoHy and the cirie being rendered to the Kings obedi-

ence) climbed and dood dradling vpon the thwart branch
of the crofFe of our Ladies church deeple ofthe faid townc,
and dood there forked wife, his feet vpward : Butt!.ar,in
my iudgement, is nothing in reeard of this , the faid Swit-
zer being vpon a firme and folide body , and without mo-
tion , and this contrariwife hanging ouer an vncondanc
Tea « toded with boidrous windes , as we haue fometimes
ieene.

After we had left thefe Pirats fpoken of before, we were

vntill

vncill the 1 8. of lune, tofTcd with diucrs , and almofl con*
trary windcs, without any difcoucry, but of one (hip far
ofFtrom vs,vvhich wc did not boord,and yet notwithftan-
ding the very fight thereof did comfort vs. And the fame
day we met a fliip of i/(?»/?tf«r, wherein Captaine La Roche
did command, going for Ncw-found-landes, who had no
better fortune vpon the fea then we. The cuftome is at
fca, that when forae particular (hip meeceth with the King
his (hip (as ours was) ro come vnder thelee,and to prefent
herfelfc , not fide by fide^ but bias wife : Alfo to pull down
her flaggc,as this Captain La Roche did,cxccpt the flagge,
fordiee hadnon^ no more had we, being not needful! in
fo great a voy age,but in approching the land,or when one
mud fight. Ourfailers did caH; then their computation,
on the courfe that we had made. For in euery (hip , the
Mafler, the Pilot, and Makers Mate doe write downe eue*
ry day of their courfes, and windes that they haue follow-
ed , for how many houres , and the eflimation of leagues.
The faid La Roche did account that they were then in the
Fourty fiue degrees , and within a hunared leagues of the
Bancke. Our Pilot, called Mader Ohtter FUuriot, of Saint
Malocy by his computation faid that we were within 60o
leagues of it : And C^ptSLincFou/^ues within 120. leagues.
I bcleeue he gaue the befliudgement. Wcrcceiued much
contentment by the meeting of this fliip , and did greatly
encourage vs, feeing wee did begin tomeetewith (hips,
feeming vnto vs that wee did enter in a place of acquain-
tance.

But by the way a thing muftbc noted, which Ibauc
found admirable, and which giueth vs occafion to play the
Philofophers. For about the fame 18. dayof lune, wee
found the fea-water,during three daies fpace, very warme,
and by the fame warmth, our wine alfo was warme in the
bottome of our (hip,y et the aire was not hotter then before.
And the 2 1 . of the faid moneth, quite conrrarie we were 2.
or 3. daies fo much compalTcd widi mifics and coldcs; that

The 18, of
lune.

A fliip.
Another

liiip.

The vailing
ofMarchands
ilups to a Hiip
RoyalU

Computati*

ofthcvoy«

age.

Sea water
milkc warme,
then colde*

Great cold*

7»

•"<

Thcrearon
of this Anti-
pc'tribfr, and
the can fc of
the Ices of
Ncw-found-
lande.

lathe i4,
chapter.
Second ex.
pericncc.

i(gU4 Tranck.

we thought our felues to be in the moneth of lanuary , and
the water of the fca was extreamc coldc. Which continu-
ed with vs vntill we came vpon the faid Bancke, by rcafon
ofthefaid millcs, which outwardly did procure this coldc
vnto vs. when I fcckeout the caufc of this Anttpertftaje^
I attribute it to the Ices of the North, which come floating
downevpon thccoaft andfea adioyning to New-found-
land , and Labrador , which wee haue faid elfe-whereis
brought thither with the fea, by her naturall motion,
which is greater there, then elfe where, bccaufc of the
great fpaceit hath to runne , as in a gulfc , in the depth of
America, where the nature and fituationof the vniuerfall
earth doth beare iteafily. Now ihefe Ices ( which fomc-
times arefeeneinbanckes of tenne leagues length, and as
high as Mountaines and hils,and thrice as deepein the wa-
ters) holding 9 as it were , ao Empire in this fea, driue out
farre from them, that which is contrary to their coldneflc,
and confequently doe binde and clofeon this fide, that
ihiall quantity ot milde temperature that the Summer may
bring to thatpart,where they come to feat and place thera«
felues. Yet for all that , I will not deny but this region iti
one and the felfe-fame paralell is fomewhat colder then
tho(e of our part of Europe, for the reafons that we will a-
Icage hcercafter, when we (hall /beake of the fowlneffe of
fcalons. Such is my opinion : being ready to heare ano-
ther mans rcafon. Anci being mindcfull heereof, I did, of
purpofe, take heed of the fame , at my returne from Ncvf
France, and found the fame warmenefle of water(or
very ncerc) though it was in the Moneth of
September, within fiue or (ixdaies fai-
ling on this (ide of the faid banckc,
whereof we vyiU now
intrcate.

birds

Chap*

^#4 FnmiUi

Chap. XII.

Of the great BanckeofO^^orues or Codies : of the Sound:

ourcommmgtothefaidBancke : the defcription thereof : the

fiJhingofNew-found'Und'fiJb : and of birds : the greedineffc

of birds y called by Frenchmen Hap-foj/es , that is to far,

Imer-catchers : diners perils : the fationrs of God:

the caufes of frequent and long misles in the fVefiern

fea : Land-markes : the fight of it : maruelloHi

odours : the boor ding of two Shaloupes, the

landing at the Port duMouccon : the

comming into Port Roy all : of two

Frenchmen remaining there

alone amongjl the

Sauages,

BEfore wee come to the Bancke, fpoken of before,
which is the great Bancke where the fi(hing ofgreenc
Cod-fiHies is made (fo are they called when they are
not dry , for one mud j^oe alande for the drying of them )
the fea<faring-mcn J behdes the computation they make of
their courfe,naue warnings when they come neere to it,by
birds, which are knowen : euenasonedoththemofchefe
our parts, returning backe into France, when one is within
I GO. or 1 20. leagues neere it. The mod frequent of thefe
birds , towards the faid Bancke, htCjodes^Fouquets^ and
other called //4Mtf-f^^/, forarcafon that we will declare
anone. When ttiefe birds then were fcene,which were not
like to them that we hadfcene in the middedof the great
fea,webegantothinke ourfeluesnot to be fane 6:0m the
faid Bancke. Which made vs to found with our lead vpon
a Thurfday the 22. of lune,butthen we found no bottom.
The fame day in the euening, wecaft a^aine with better
fuccelTe : for we found bottomeat36. £dams. The faid
found is a peece of leadof fcuenor eight pound waighr,
made piramidall wife , faflencd at one or diuers lines : and

K at

Warnings
neere the
great Bancke.
Birds called
by French-
men, Gnitiy

Ftu^tSy

What the v^
found is , and
howuucaft.

■M

tu tilt- Btli

Of the word
B.intkc:and

atthebiggeftend, which is flat, oncpiittcth fomcgrcafc
to it^tnui^tcd with biicccr : then all the failes arc niickcii
downc, and the found call: and when that the bottorncis
fclcand the lead diavveth nonioielinc,they learcoff leting'
dovvneofif. Soourloundbeingdiawcnvp, brought with
itfonierniailftones, with a white one, and apecccofflicll,
liauingniyrcouer apit in thegreafe, vvhetcby rhey judged
that the l>ottonic wasarocke. 1 cannot exprtfle the ioy
that we had,(ceing vs thcre,where vvc had io niuih dtfired .
to be. There was not any one of vs more (icke, eiiery one
did leapc for Ioy, and djd feeme vnto vs to be in our ownc.
countr) ,though wc were come bur to the haUeofour voy-
age, at leall for the time , thatpalltd before wc came to
Port Rovall , whtherwc were bound.

Heerc I vvill,before I proceed any f urther,dccipher Viito
you , w h It meancth this word (^Battcke) which paraducn-
u'^.-IP"""'* tureputcithibmeinpaine toknowwhatitis. Theyfom-
Bancke. times call Banckes a landy botcome which is very Ihallovv,
or whiih is a dne at low water. Such places be mortall for
fliips that meete with them. But the Bancke whereof wc
fpeake, are mouncaines grounded in tlie depth of the wa-
ters, which areraifcdvp to 50.. ^(J. and40.1ada|ns, neerc
tothe vpperfaceof thefea. This Bancke is holden to be
of 200. leagues in ienght : and 18. 20. and 24. leagues
broad, which being palled there is no moie bottome found
out, then in theft parts, vntill one come to the land. The
• ihips being there arriued, the failes are rowled vp, and
there , filling is made of the greenc filh , as 1 hauc faid,
whcreoiwe inallfpeakc in the booke following. For the
fatisfying of my reader , 1 haue drawcn it in my Geogra-

phy call Alap of Newfound-land , with prickes r which is

alimaybcdonctoreprefcntit. There is, farther off, ether
banckcs, 35 1 hauc marked in the faid Map,vpon the which
good filliing may he made ; and many goe thither that
know the places. When that weparted hom Rochel,therc
ly^ (asjt were) a fbrrcH of Ihips ly ingsit Chef de Lois,

: (whereof

KMd Traneid.

(whereofthat place hath taken his name) viWith went all
in a company to that country, preuenting vs (u j their go-
ing)butoncly of two daies.

Hauing fcenc and noted thcBancke, wee hoiHed vp
fades and bare all night, keeping fltli our coiirfe to the
Weft, But the davvneof day being come, which was Saint
lohn Baptills Eue , in Gods name we pulled downe failcs,
parting that day a filliing of Cod-filh, wiiha thoufand
mirthes and contentments , by reafon of frcfli meatcs,
whereof we had afmuchas we would, hauing long before
willicd for them. OHonfeur De 'Potttrmcourt, aiid a yong
man of /f^/tf/ named Le Feure, who, by reafon of the fea-
(ickncile were not come out from their beds nor cabanes,
from the beginning of the Nauigation , came vpon the
hatches that day , and had the pleafure, not onely of fifliing
ofCodjbutalfo of ihofc birds, that bee called by French
mariners, //4/>/>f-/<?y^j',that is to fay Litter-cat chers^ becaufe
of their grecdinefle to deuour the liuers of the Cod-fifhes
thatare caft inro thcfea , after their bellies bee opened,
whereof they arc fo couetous , that though they fee a great
powle ouer their heads , ready to ftrike them downe , yet
they aduenture themfeluesto come neere to the fhip, to
catch fome oft hcm,at what price foeuer. And they which
were not occupied in fifhing did pafTc their time in that
fport. And fo did they, by their diligence that wee tooke
fomethirtyof them. But in this aftion oneof ourfhip-
wrights fell downe in the fea. And it was good for him that
the ihip went butflovv, which gauchim meanestofauc
himfelfe by taking hold of the rudder, from which he was
pulled in a boord , but for his paines was well beaten by
Gaptaine FoHlqttes.

Inthis filliing we fomctimcs did take fca-do8:<:cs,whofe
sivinnes our loyners didkecpe carcf !lly to finooth their
workewifhill. Item, filhes called by Frenchmen (Jifer-
/w, which be better then Cod, and fometimes another
kindc of filn called Bars : which diucrfity did ai:gmentour

K 2 dclit;ht.

.7$

The fin»ing
otCod.

Happt'fojtt
Why focal,
led.

Sca-Hoggcs
skinncs.

7*.

-,■. S.5

:^^s

E:cp\leni

midewiih
the mwjvds
otCodd.

Men failed
vpoii a bdiick
Of Ice.

The wenthcr
iii thofcfcns
coniraryjihcn
in ours.

The caufi^s of
mifts on the

delighr. They which were not bufic in raking neither
filhcs nor birdcs , did pallc their time in gathering the
hearts, guts,and other inward paits (mofl delicate) of the
Cod-filh, which they did miiice with lard and fpices, and
with thofc tilings did make as good Bolomci rauli!;^cs,as any
can be made in Paris, and wc did cat ot thcni w ith a very
good ftomackc.

On the cucning wc made ready to continue our courfc,
hauing firlt made our Canons to roarc , as well bccaufe of
Saint lohn his holy day,as for MonfteurDePoHtrmcoHYts
fake, which bearcth tiie name of that Saint. The next day
fome oFour men tolde vs they had fcenea Bancke of Ice.
A( id thereupon was recited vnto vs,how that the yeare bc-
fbie, a ihipof Oloncwascaftaway, by approaching too
ncei e to it, and that two men hauing faued themfclucs vp-
otuhelcc, had this good fortune, that another (hip, paf«
ling by, the men tookc them in aboord them.

It IS to be noted that from the 1 8. of lune vntill wee did
arriue at Port Royall, wc haue found the weather quite
oiherwifeto that we had before. For (as we haue already
iaid) wehadcoldc miftesorfogges , before our comming
to the Bancke (where w,c camcinfaire funOiine) but the
next day, we fell tothe fogges againc, which (a far off) wc
might percciue to come and wrappe vs about , holding vs
continually prifoncrs three whole daies , fortwodaiesof
fairc weather that they permitted vs : which was alwaies
accompanied with colde, by reafonofthe Summers ab-
fence. Yea cuen diucrs times wee haue feene our felues a
whole fennight, continually in thicke fogges, twicewith-
out any (hew of Sunnc , but very little , as I will recite
hc-ereafcer. And I will bring foorth a rcafonfor fuch effcfts
which feemcth vnto me probable. As wee fee the fire to
diaw the moiftncfle of a wet cloath, oppofite vnto it, like-
wife the funne draweth moiftnefTe and vapours both from
thefca and from the land. But for thedidbluingof them,
there is hccre one vcrtuc, and beyond thofc parts another,

according:

Ung

according to the accidents and circuiiiQances that are
found. In thcfc our countries it raifcth vp v«ipours oncly
from the ground, and from our riucii : which earthly va-
pours, ^rolleandwaighry, aiul participat-ng lefl'eoffhc
moill ellcnient, doe caufc vs a hoc aire , and the earth dif-
chargcd of thofe vapours , becomes thereby more hot and
parching. From thence it coniincth, that the faid vapors,
hauing the earth of the one part , and the Sunnc on the o-
ther, which hcacetii them, they are eafily diflblued, not re-
maining longin the aire, vnlelFeitbein winter, vvhcnthe
earth is waxen colde, and the Sunne beyond the EquinoCH-
rt//line,farreofFfrom vs. From the fame reafon proceedeth
thccaufe, whymiftesand fogges benotfo frequent, nor fo
long in the French feas , as in New-found land , becaufe
that the Sunne, pafling from his rifing, aboue the grounds,
this fea , at the comming thereof, receiueth almoft but
earthly vapours, and by a long fpaceretaineth this vertuc
to dilToluc very foonethe exhalations it draweth to it felfe.
But when it comiricth to the middefl of the Ocean,and to
the faid new found land,hauing eleuated and afTumed in (o
long a cpurfe a great abundance of vapours i from this
moid wide Ocean, itdoth not fo eafily diffolue chem, as
vvell,becaure chof c vapours be colde of tLciiifelues, and of
their nature,as becaufe the Element which is neerefl vnder
them, doth fimpathizc with them , and preferueth them,
& the Sunne beames being not holpen in the difToluing of
them , as they arc vpon the earth. Which is euen feenc
in the land of that countric, which (although it hath but
fmallheat, by reafon of the abundance of woods) not-
withflanding it helpeth to difperfe the miRes and fogges,
which be ordinarily there,in the morning,during fumroer,
but not as at Sea , for about eight aclocke in the mor-
ning they begin to vanifh away , and ferueasadewtothc
ground.

I hope the reader will not diflike thefe fmall di^refTions, A fmall
feeing they fcrue to our purpofe. The 28. day oHune, we bancke
,. K 3 found

7«

A M-'rincr

fjliinbv

mj'.tinthc

LanJ maikcf.

The difcouc-
rvofS I'citrs

Plan difco*
vcfv oi' the
Lind.

C?p.Brcton.
ThcBiyof
Camplcau.
Eight daic:»

founJ our felues vpon a little fm^ll banctce (other then tfie
great Bancke whereof we haue fpoken) at forty fadarns:
andtheday following, one of our Sailers fell by nii^litinco
the lea, which had becnc loft if he had nor met wah a ca-
ble, hangingin the water. From that time tbrward, wc
began to delcric land markcs( it wa^ Ncw-foiind-land) by
hearbcs, mofles, flowers, andpecces ofwoodjthacwcal-
vvaicsmct,aboundingthcmorc by fomuchwcdrew neerc
to It. 'i he 4. day of iuly,our fay lers, v\ huh were appoin-
red for the lafl quarter watt h, deici ltd in Jic morning, ve-
ry early, euery one being y et a bed, the Ws ofSa i»t Peter,
And the Friday the feuenth of the faid Moncih , we difco-
ucred, on the Lar-boord, a Coall of land, Iiigh railed vp,
appearing vnto vs, as long as ones fight could flretch our,
which gaue vs greater cauieof loy , then yet we had had,
wherein God did greatly ihcw hb mcrcifiill fauour vnto
vs, making this diftoiiery in faire calmc w eathtr. Being y ec
farrefromit, the bouldeilotchetompany wcntvptothc
maine top, to the end to fee it better, fo muc h were all of vs
dellrous to fee this land, true and moft delightfull jiabica-
cionofMan. LMoytfteur De I'outrmcoHrtwtxM vpthiihcr,
andmyfeifealio, which we had not yet done. Euenour
dogges did thrurt their nofes cutof thefiiip, betterto
draw and fmell rhe fwettaire of the land, not being able to

containe themfclues from witiuflTing, by their gdVures, the
ioy they hadol ic. VVcdrcw within a league necrevntoir,
and (the (ailes being let dow nc) we fell a filLing of Coddc,
thefilhmgoftheBanckc beginning to fade. 'J'hcy which
had before vs, made voyages in thofe parts, did iudgcvs
to be at Ca^ Breton. The night drawing on, wfe flood cfF
to the fea-ward : the next day following, being the eight
ofthefaidmonethofinlj, as vvedrewn'eereto'the Bi*^''of
Campfeau , came, about theeucninfr, mifls , which did
continue eight wholt daies, duiingthewhichwckcptvs
at fea, hulling flill, not being able to goe forw ard, being rc-
fiftcd by Well and South-Weft wjudes. Durini>: thefc

eight

• I >

tight dales , which were from one Saturday to another,
God ( who hath alwaies guided thcfe voyages , in the
which not one man hath becnc loftbj'-fea) lliivvcd vshis
fpeciallfauoiirtin fending vnto vs, among the thickc fogs,
aclearing of the Sunnc , which contniucd but halfc an
houre : And then had we fight of the fit me land, and knew
that we were ready to be caU away vpon the rockcs, ifwc
had not fpeedily ifood ofFco fea-warcJ. A man duih fome-
timis fcekc the land, as one doth his beloued, which
foinetimes repulfcth her fwect heart very rudely. Finally,
vpon Saturday the 15. of lul) , about two adockc in the
atternoone, the fky began ta faluccvs, as it were, with
Cannon (liots, (lieddiiigteares, as being fo^y tohauekepc
vsfolonginpainc. So that faire weather being come again,
we faw-commingltraightto vs(we being fowcr leagues off
irom the land) twoShaloupes withopenfailcs,inafea yet
wrathed . This thing gave vs much content. But w hilft
we followed on our courfe,there came from the land odors
vncomparable for fweetne(le,brought with a w arm wind,
foabundantly,thatallthe Orient parts could not procure
greater abundance.We did ftretch out our hands,at it were
to take them,fo palpable were they, which I haue admired
athoufand times fince. Then the two (lialoups did ap-
proach, the one manned with Sauages, who had a Stagge
painceci at their failes , the other with Frenchmen ol Saint
MaIocs, which made their fifliing at the Port oft ^fw/e-*?;/,
but the Sauages were more diligetit , for they ariuedfitft.
Hailing neuer feeneany before, I did admire, .itthelirft
(ight, theirfairefhape, and forme of vifage. Oneofthcm
did cxcufe himfclfe, for that he had not brought his faire
beucrgowne, becaufethc weather had beencfoule. lie
had but one red pcece ot frizc vpon his backe, and Mata-
f/j/-^^ about his necke, at his wri(fes,aboue the elbow, and
at his girdle. We made them to tat and drinke. During
that rime they tolde vs all that had palled , a^ yecrc before,
At Port Roy all (wluthcr wc were bound. In the me ane

while,

Gods rnioiir
in danger,

Calmcwea.
ther.

Mariiellcus
odours cum.
niino fiom ^
the land*

Th? boord«
irie o^ two
fi slopes.

The Sfluagcf
goodly men.

Mata(hiA\ be

caiknnets,

necklaces,

bracilcts,and

wrou'^ht

giidles*

ll;>

^ ' I

During the
milts ntfei, it
is fane wc tin r
on I And.
A difcommo-
ditic brings.!
cominotlicy.

The care of
the fauiij^cs
for their
wiuei.

The depar-
ting of fomc
of our com*
pany going
aland.

The Sauages
doe traucll
much way in
fmall time.

S^M Fr49icid,

wliile, them of Saint Ma/oe came, and totde vs as much as
the Sauages had. Adding that the wenfday , when that we
did ilumne the rockes, chey had fecne vs , and would haue
cometovs with the (aid Sauages, but that they left off,
byreafon we put to the fea : and moreouer that it had
beenealwaicsfairc weather on the land : which mailevs
muchtoniarucll : but the caufe thereof hath beencfliewed
before. Ofthis difcommodity may bcdrawnc hcereafter
a great good, that thefcmids will fcrueas a rampier to the
counrry , and one (hall know withfpeed what is padedac
fea. 7 hey toldc vs ;dfo that they had beene aduertifed^
fome daies before, by other Sauages, that a (hip was feene
at Cap Breton. Thefe French men of S. A^fa/oe were men
thatdid dealefbr thcaflbciates ofA^onfieur DeAIoftts,;jittd
did complaine that the Baskes, or men of Same lohnZ)^
Lfts (againftthe King his Inhibitions ) had trucked with
the Sauages , and caried away aboue fix thoufand Beaucrs
skinnes. They gaue vs fundrie forts of their fi(hcs,as Bars,
LMar/us and great FleUns, As for the Sauages, before to
depart, they asked bread of vs , to carry to their wiues,
which was granted and guien them 9 for they deferued it
well, being come (b willingly to fliew vs in whatpart wee
were. For fince that time we failed flill in aiTurance, and
without doubt.

At the parting, fome number of ours went aland at the
FottofC'^impJeaUy aswelltofetch vs fome wood and frelli
water, whereof we had neede, as for to follow the Coafl;
from that place to Port Royal in a fhaloup/or we did feare
left LMonJteur De Pont (hould be at our comming thither
already gone from thence. The Sauages madeofjcr to goc
to him thorow the woods, with promife to be there with-
in fix dayes, to aduertife him of our comming , to the end
to caufe his ftay, for as much as word was left with him to
depart, vnlefic he were fuccouied within the 16. day of
that monethj^yrhich he failed not to doc : notwithftandjng
our men defirous to fee the land neerer,did hinder the fame

which

yof

which promired vs to bring vnto vs the next day ihe faid
wood and water, if we would approch necrechc land,
which we did not, but folio wed on ourcourfe.

The Tucfday, 17. otlulywc were, according tooiir
accuQotned mancr, fiirprifcd with nwdcs and contrary
wind. But the Thiirfday we had cainie weather , fothac
whcthcnt were inift or faire weather we went nothing for-
ward. During this calme , about the eucning , a bhip-
wrightjwalliinghfinfclicinthcfca , hauing before drunUe
coo much AejuA'Vitdy found him(clfe ouerraken,che cold of
the fca water ftriumg againft the heat of this fpirit of wine.
Some Mariners, feeing their fellow in danger, caQthem-
fdues into the water to fuccour him , but his wits being
troubled, he mocked them, andthcy notable to rule him.
Which caufcdycc other Mariners to goe to heipe \ and
they fo hindred one another , that they were all in danger.
In the end there was one of them, which,amongthis con-
fufion, htSLtdthcvoicc of Moftfieur De Pouthnconrtt who
did fay to him, lohrt Hay \ookc towards me, ^lid with a
rope that was giuen him, he was pulled vp > andtherefl
withall were faued. But the Author of the trouble fell into
a GcknefTe, that almoli killed him.

After this calme we had two daies of fogges. The Sun-
day 2 $ . of the faid moneth, we had knowledge of the Fore
^H%^ffigmn y and the fame day in the afternoone, the
Siinnc lliining faire, we caft anker at the mouth of Port
Dh MoutoHy and we were in danger to fall vpon a fliold,
bein^ come to two fathams and a halfe depth. We went
aland feuenteene of vs in number , to fetch the wood and
water, whereof we had weed. There we found the Cabins
and lodgings, yet wholeand vnbroken, that Monfieur D0
Monts made two yeeres before, who had foiourned there
by the fpace of one moneth , as wehaue faid in his place.
We faw there, being a fandy land, (lore of Oakes, bearing
acornes, Cy prefFe-trees » Firrc-trees , Bay-trees, Muskc-
rofcs,Goofc-bcrics, Puiflen,Rafpics, ^^iwi^Ljfmdchta,

Miflcf.
Clnics.

Tiif pfr:Ilo^
m.iit) Mail.
ncrs.

DrunK'cnncflc
caufethiliucif
Pinh.

Port4»l^o^;j-
imO.

Pore 4«i)f III.

WhaterovTcs
inihc u. d at
Porcow H^U"

til}'

'vJ

'ar

IfCa^de

Sablt.

Longllmd,

The Bay S.

Mary.

The arriiung

toPortRpy-

all.

Difficulties in
commin!:! in.

The beauty
«/thQ Port.

^m Franei4.

(a kindc ofSammonee ) CalamM odor at w , Angelica , and
other (imptcs, in the fpacc of two hourcs that vvctaricd
there. We brought backe in our Hiip wilde pcaze , which
we found good. Wc had not the leafure to hunt after ra-
bets that be there in great number, not far from the Port,
but we returned aboord as foone as wc had laden our felues
witli water and wood : and fo hoifed vp failcs.

Tuefdaythc 25. day wc were about the C^/jI)^ 5*4^/^,
in faire weather, and made a good iourny, for about the
cuening we came to fight oiLong lie, and the Bay of Saint
A'farie , but bccaufc of the night wc put backe to the fca-
ward. And the next day wc ca(l anker at the mouth of
Port Roy all , where wc could not enter by rcafonit was
ebbing watcr,but we gauc two Cannon (hot from our fhip
to faliite the faid Portjand to aducrtife the Frenchmen that
we were there.

Thurfdaythc 27. of luly wecamcin witjfthe floud,
which was not without much difHcuItic, for ^[^ we had
the winde contrary, and gufts^bf windc from the moun-
taines , which madevsalmoftto ftrikcvponthe rockes.
And in thefc troubles our (hip bare (till contrary ,thc Poupc
before, and fometimes turned round, not being able to doe
any other thing elfc. Finally , being in the Port, it was vn-
to vs a thing marudlous to fee the faire diQance and large-
nede of it,and the mountaines and hils that inuironed it,5c
I wondered how fo faire a place did remainc defcrt , being
all filled with woods, feeing that fo many pine away in
the world, which might makegoodof this land, ifoncly
they hadachiefc gouernortoconduft them thither. By
little and little we drew neercto the Hand, which is ricrht
oucr^gainft the fort where wchaue dwelt (ince : An Hand
I fay,thc moft agreeable thing to befeene in her kinde,that
is poflible to bee defircd , wiQiing in our felues to hauc
brought thither fomc of ihofc faire buildings that arevn*
profitable in thefe our parts, that ferue for nothing, but to
retire wildcfuwlciu^ and other birds. Wc knew not yet, if

J[^onJieHm

By
ght
and
chac
laue
vn-
itto
«,if

NcuaFnncu. j*

Monjtenr DuPont was gone or no , and therefore wc did
cxpcft thachcfhould ftndfomcmcntomcct vsjbutit was
invaine : for he was gone from thence 12. daies before.
And whilcft we did hull in the middefl of the Port, Mem-
berteu, thcgreateftiy^f^i^w^/ of the Sofih^uois (fo arc the S4i!;amo$ Ggni^
people called with whom we were) came to the French- fi«h Captain,
fort,to them that were left thcrCjbeing only two,crying as
anjadde-man, faying in his language ; What ! You fland
hccre a dining (for it was about noone) and doe not fee a
great (hip that commeth heere , and we know not what
men they are : Suddenly thefe two iinn ran vpon the bul- *
vvarke, and with diligence made ready the Canons,which
they furnilhed with pellets & touch powder. AlembertoUy
without delay , came in a Conow made of barkes of trees,
with a daughter of his, to view vs : And hauing found but
friendOiip, and knowing vs to be Frenchmen, made no
alarme. Notwithftaiidingoneof thetwo Frenchmen left
there ^ called La Taille, came to the fliore of the Port , his
match on the cocke, to know what we were (though he
knew it well enough, for we had the white Banner difplai-
cd at the toppe of the maft) and on the fudden fourc volly
of canons were (hot off, which made innumerable echoes:
And from our part , the fort was faluted with three Canon
ihots, and many musket fliots, at which time our Trumpe-
ter was not flackc of his dutie. Then we landed, viewed the
houfe, and wc palled that day in giuing God thankes, in
fcein<'the Sauages cabins , and walking thorow theme- P"iftsofthe
dowcs. But I cannot but praife the ffentle courage of thefc JJJ^^n igf"^,
two men, oneofthemlhaue already named, the other is loncinthc
called MicjueUr : which deferue well to bee mentioned foitofPort-
hcere , for hauing fo freely ercpofcd their liues in the con- R®yall«
fcruation of the welfare of New France. For f^Monfienr Dh
Pont haiiingbut one barke and a (haloupe , to feeke out to-
wards New-found- land jf or french (hips, could not charge
himfelfc withfo much furniture, corne, meat and mar-
chandifcs as were chcrej which he had bccne forced to caft

L z into

\.%\\

It.." ',\.

into the fca (and which had been greatly to our preiudite,
and we did fcarcit Tcry much) it'thcfccwo men had not
aducntiired thcmfelucs to tary there , for theprcferiiing of
thofethings, which they did with a willing and ioyfiiU
Duudc.

Chap. XIII.

The happy meeting of MonCicut DuPont : hisreturnevnta

Port Roy aU : retoycing: defer ipt ion of the confines of the f aid

Tort : conieElftre toHchmg the head and ^ringof the great Ri-

tier of Canada : /owing ofCorne : the retttrne <?f Monfieur Du

Pont into France : thevoyage ^/Monfieur DePoutrin-

CQWXtvnto thecoHntrieoftheAnnouchi^Hois:

faire Rie jprnng vp mthout tillage : the eX"

ercifes and maner of Iming in Port

Roy all : the Afedowes of the

rifierDe VEqmlle*

rHe Friday , next day after our arriuall, Monfteur
De Poutrincourt a ffchcd to this cntcrpnfe, asfot
himfelfe , put part of his people to vvorke in the til-
lageand manuring of the ground, whilcft the others were
cmploied in making cleane of the chambers,andeuery one
to make ready that which belonged to his trade. In the
meane time thofe people ofours that had left vs at Camp-
/^<?«, to come along the coaft,mec(as it were miraculoufly)
The meeting with Monfienr 'DnVont , among Hands, that be in great
with /Wo/ij^wr number in thofe parts. To declare how great was the ioy
ofcach fide is a thing not to be txpreflcd. Thefaid Mon-
feur Dh Pont, at this happy and fortunate meeting, retur-
ned backt to fee vs in Port Royall , and to fliip hmifclfc in
the /'j«**j,to returnc into France. As this chance was bene-
ficiall vntohim, lowas itvnto vs , by the meanesof his
fliips that he left with vs. For without that,vve had been in
fuch extremity that we had not bern able u. goe nor comc
any where, our (hip being once returned into Fiance. He

arriued

The tilling 'of
the ground.

limucc!there,onMonclyche ladofluly, and tarried yet in
Port Roy all vntill the 28. of Auguft. AH this moneth wc
made merry. Monfieur 'Be PoHtrincourt did fet vp and o-
pcned a HogQied ot wine, one of them that was giuen him
lor his ownc drinking , giuing leaue to all commers to
drinke as long as it {hould ho!d> fo that fome of them
drunkc vntiU their caps turned round.

At the very beginning,we were dcfirous to fee rhe coun-
try vp the riuer , where we found medowcs, almoft conti-
nually aboue twelue leagues of ground , among whichi
brookes doe run without number, whicii come Trom the
hilsand mountaines adioyning. The woods verythicke
en the water Qioares , and fo thicke, that fomctimcs , one
cannot goethorow them. Yet for all that,I would not make
them fuchas lofefh Acofta rccitcth ihoUoi Peru to be,
when he faith ; One of our brethren, a man of credit ^ told vSy
that being gone afir ay , andlofl in the Mount aim ty not know-
ing what party nor which way hejhouldgoe, found himfelfca-*
mong bujhesfothkk^ , that he woi conftrainedto trauellvpon
them, without putting his feet on the ground, a whole fort*
nights jpace, I refer the beleeuing of that to any one that
will^ but this bcleefc cannot reach fo farre, as to haue placa
with me.

Now in the land whereof we{peakc,the woods are thin-
ner farre off from the iLoares and watrifli places ; A nd the
felicity thcreofis fo much the more to be hoped for, in that
itis like the land, which God did promifero his people,
by the mouth of Moy fes , faying : The Lord thy god doth
bnngtheetnto agood land, of riuers of waters, withfountaines
and deptheSfWhich doejprtnir infields, ^c, A land where thou
(halt eat thy breadwttboutjcarfitie, wherein not hingfh all faile
thee , A landwhofe flones are of Iran, and from whofe Moun-
taines thoHpjalt dtgge braffe. And further in another place,
confirming the promifesforthc goodnelTeandftateof the
land chat he would giue them. The country {Caith he) wher-
inyou aregotngfortopojfejfeit , is not 06 the landof C£gypt,
- *• L 3 from

Hb,^,ta, 50.

Land like to
that which
God promi«
fed to his
people. Dc ut
S.vcrf.j. 8.

Dciitcr. ti.
Ycrf. 10.

■,>■-

Hccrcunon

thc^.uup.

Iron ftoncs.
Mountaines
ofBraflc.

from ivheHcejou are comefoorth , where tfjoH eliddcFtfiw thj
feedt andwateredft it with the Ubour of thy feet ^iu a garden of
hearbes. Bnt the country theroTv which yon are going topajfe,
for to pojfcjfe it, is a land of mountaines and fields , and is wa-»
tred with waters that rainethfrom heauen. Now according
to the dcfcription that hccretofore wc haue made of Port
Royall, and the confines thcreofjndcfcrjbing the firft voi-
age oiMonfieur De C^onts, and as yet we doc mention it
heerc, Brookes doe there abound at will, and (for this rc-
Abuniiince fped) this land is no lefl'c happy than the country of the
ofbiookes. Gaulcs (now called France ) to whom King (C^grippa
(making an oration to the lewes recited by lofephus in his
warrc of the lewes) attributed a particular felicity, becaufc
they had florcof domedicall fountaines : And alfo that ai
part of thofe countries is called Aquitaine , for the fame
confederation. As fortheflones which our God promifcth
that fhould be of iron , and the mountaines of BrafTe , ths^c
(ignifieth nothing elfe, but the Mines of Copper, of Iron^
and offleele,whereofwe haue already heeretoforefpoken,
and will fpeake yet heereafter. And as for the fields(wher-
of we haue not y ctfpoken) there be fome on the Wefl fide
ofthefaid Port Royall. Andabouethe Mountaines there
brooks vpon fcc fome fairc ones , where I haue feenc lakes and brookes,
il^T^ cuen as in the vallies. Yea cuenin the pafTage to come
foerth from the fame fort,for to go to fea .there is a brookc,
which falleth from thehigh rockesdowne, and in falling
difperfethit felfeintoafmallraine, which is very delight-
full in Summer, bccaufe that at the foote of the rocke, there
are caues,wherin one is couered, whilefl that this raine fal-
lerfifopleafantly : And in thecauc (wherein the raine of
this brookc falleth ) is made (as it were ) a Raine-bow,
Tl»c fo'""^ °^ when the Sunne (hineth : which hath giuen me great caufc
vftdc" a caue! ^f admiration. Once we went from our fort as farrc as the
Thcytrauell fcathorow the woods, the fpace of three leagues , but in
three leaguei our returnc wc were pleafantly dcceiued , for at the end of
in the woodi. our iourny , thinking to be in aplainc champion country,

W'C

Lakes and

\ ■ 'u-jA

Country wtll
warcrcd.

Confc^iure
vpon the
fpring of the
great Riuer of
Canada,

we found our fclucs on the top of a high Mountainc , and
were forced to come downe with paine enough, by rcalbn
of fnowcs. But Mountaines be not perpetual m a country.
Within 15. leagucsof our dwelling, the country , thorow
which the Riuer VEqHtlle paflah, \% all plainc and cuen. I
hauefeenein thofe pares many countries, where the land
is all euen, and the faircA of the world. But the perfe£lion
diereof IS, that it is well watered. And for witnefTe where-
of, not onely in Port Royall, but alfo in all New France,thc
great riuer of Canada is proofe thereof, which at the end
of 400. leagues is as broade as thegreatcR riuers of the
world, replenilhed with lies and roclces innumerable : ta-
king her beginning from one of the lakes which doe meet
at the (Ireame of her courfe (and fo I thinke) fo that it hath
two courfes, the one from the EaQ towards France : the o-
therfrom the Wefl: towards the South fca : which is ad-
mirable, but not without the like example found in our
Europe. For the riuer which commcth downe to Treat
and to Verone proceedeth from a lake which produceth a-
nother riuer , whofe courfe is bent oppofite to the riuer of
Lins, which falleth into the riuer Danube, So the Nile iflb-
cth from a lake thatbringethfoorth other riuers , which
difchargethemfelues into the great Ocean,

Let vs returneto our tillage : for to thatmuft we apply
our fclues : it is the firft mine that muft be fought for,which
is more worth than the treafures oiAtabalipa : And he that
hath cornc, wine, cattcll, wollen and linncn, leather, iron,
and afterward Codde-fi(h , hcneedethno other treafures,
for the neceffaries of life. Now all this is (or may be) in the
land by vs defcribed : vpon the which MonJienrDePou- Sowing of
m«w«rrhauing caufedafecond tillage to be made, infif- cornc,
teene daies after his arriuall thither , he fowed it with our
French come^ as well wheat and ric, as with hcmpe, flax,
turnep fecd,redifli, cabidgcs & other feeds : And the eight
day following , hee faw that his labour had not beene in
vaine^ but rather a faire hope, by the produdion that the

Which is ih\
Aril mine.

ground

10 Of Au»

Caufcofdie

country of
the ^riN9M.

ground had already made of the fcedes iwhich (he had re^
ccaucd. Which being ihcwcd to Mon^eurDtt'Pont^ was
vnto him a fairc fubie^ to make his relation in FraB€C,as K
thing altogcthcrncw there. vtv

Ihezo.dayof Auguftwas already ccme, whenthcfe
faire (hewes were made, and the time did admonilli ihem,
that were to goc in the voyage, to make ready. Whcrcun-
co they began to giue order, ib that the 25 day of theil'me
moneth^atter many pealcs of ordinancc,they vvaighed an-^
kcr to come to chcmouth of the Port, which is commonly^
the fird dales iourny.

LMonJieur DeMonts being dcdrous to reach as farre in-

voyagc m^d^ CO the South as he could, and fcekc out a place very fit to

into the inhabit c, beyond i^/^u/if^^rr^, had requeued il/£>;7/7(f/yrDr

PoHtrincoHrt to paHe farther than yet he had done , and to

feeke a conucnient Port in good temperature of aire , ma-^

king no greater account of Port Roy all than of S. Croix,

inthat which concerneth health. Whereunto the faid

LMonJienr D e Poutrinconrt being willing to condefccnd ,

would not tarry for the fpiingrime, knowing he (liould

haueother employments to exercifehimfelfe withall. But

feeing his fowings ended, and his field greene, refolued

himfeltc to make this voyage and dilcouery before winter.

So then he difpofed all things to that end , and with hi&

Barke ankercd neere to the Unas , to the end to get out in

A whale in company. Whilelt they lay there for a profperous windc

Port RoyalL the fpace ofthrec daies , there was a Whale of meane big»

nefle (which the S auages doe call ^4r/4J who came eueiy

day into the Port, with the morning floud .playing there

within at her pleafure , and wentaway backe againe with

thecbbe. And then,takingfomeleafure,Imade,in French

verfes, a farewell to the laid LMonJieur DnPont aqdhis

company, which I haue placed among the Mnfes of New

France. »»

Parting from The28. day of thefaid moneth each of vs tookc his

PortRoyall. ^Qurft, oDConcway, and the other another, diucrfly to

God

■..^:.^

his
cw

his

KouATrdticta.

Gods keeping. As for Monjieur Dh Pont he purpofcd by
the way to (ct vpon a Merchant of Rofie^ named Boyer,
who (contrary to chc Kings inhibitions) was in thofc parts
totruckc with theSauages, notwithftapJing he had bccnc
dehucred outofprifoninRochell, by the confcr.tot Afon-
fictirDe Potitrincourt, vnder promife he ilioiild not go thi-
thcrjbut thefaid ^^r<!'^ was already gone. And as for AIok^
Jieur- De P9fitrincou/'t J he tookc hiscouiic tor the IleotS,
Croix, the Frenchmens firfl abode y hailing Oifoytjieur De
C/;«^w/7^'?r^ for raafler and guide of iiisBarke : But being
hindered by thewinde, andbecaufe his barke d.d leakc,
he was forced twice to put backe againe. In the end hec
quite pafTed the Bay Frati^vfe, and viewed thefaid lie,
where he found ripe Corne, of tliat which two yeares be-
fore was fowed by L^Tonfteur De AfontSy which was faire,
big, waighty, and well filled. He fcnt vnto vs fomc of that
Corne to Port Roy all , where I was requefted to flay , to
Ivioketo thehoufe, andtokeepc the reft of the company
there, in concord. Whereunto I did agree (though it was
referred to my will) for the afTurancc that we had among
ourfclues, that the yearc following we (liould make our
habitation in a warmer country hey on^mfaUbarre, and
that we fhould all goe in company, with them that fliouid
be feat to vs out of France. In the meane while I employed
my felfe in drefllng the ground,to make inclofures and par-
titions of Gardens , for to fow Corne and kitchin hcarbes.
We caufed alfo a ditch to be made all about the fort, which
was very needfuli to receauc the waters and moiftnefle,
that before did run vnderncath among the rootes of trees ,
that had beene fallen downe : which paraduenture did
make the place vnhealthfull. I will not trand in defcribing
hcere, w'hat each of our other workmen and labourers did
particularly make. It fufficeth that we had ftore of loyners,
Carpenters, Mafons, Stone-caruers, Locke-fmithcs, Tay-
lers , Boord-fawyers , Manners , &c. who did exercife
their tradcs,which (in doing their duties) were very kindly
>t: J M vfcd

fou.iid aiS,
Crcix,

1 j

Their mea-

ning is to

li 1

plane beyond

Malebarre to

the South-

ward.

m ^

A ditch profi-

tably made.

■Hr

What ftore of

workcmen

and labourers

in New

France,

Their cJciv

cileandma-

■

ncrof life.

Ikk

90 >

iUis, Crabs.

G joJ prom.
Honof vmU;;.
fowlc.

tityoFbrcad
•fid wine.

Prcfe^tntiiie
ai;iinll the
fjik ruffe of
New Prance,

A cleareand
luteaiic.

Allowance.

^ua FrdficU.

vfed^t'orthcy were at ihcirownc liberty for thrccliourcs
labotira day. The oucrpliis of the tinic they bcUowcd it,
Jii c^oini^ to gather niuflcls , v\ hich are at low water in j^i cat
cjuaiiticy bctorerbcfort, or Lap(lers,or Crabs, whitharc
ill Fort koyall vnderthe Rockes in great abuiidaiKe, a
Cockles , which arc in euery part in the 0:i(<: , about the
lliores ot the laid Port : All that kinde of fiOi is taken with-
oiitnet orboace. Sonicthcre were that fomctJincs tcokc
vvilde-fowlc , but not being skilfiill , tiicy fpoilcd tlie
game. And as for vs, our tabic was furnilTied by one of
Aionfienr De A-Ionts men, who prouided for vs in lucli fort
that we wanted no fowlc, bringing vnto vs, fomctjuies
halfcadofen of birdes, called by French men , Outards (a
kinde of Wilde geefe) fomerimes as many mallardcs , or
wildcgeefe,whiic and gray, very often two or three dofcn
oflarkes.and other kindes of buds. As for bread, no body
felt want thereof, and euery one had three quarts ofpiirc
and good wine a day. Which hath continued with vs as
long as we hauc beenethere, fauingthar when they, who
came to fetch vs , in ftead of brinsiino; commodities vnro
vs,hclped vs to fpcnd ourownc(as wefliall haue occafion
hcereafter to declare) we were forced to reduce that por-
tion to a pintc ; and notwithftanding there was very of-
ten fomc thing more of extrordinary. This voyage (for
thisrefpeft) hath beencthe belt voyage of all, whereof we
are togiuc muchpraifes to the faid Monjiey.r Deyl/oKts,
and his airociates Monfietir A:facqmnand Mon'leur Ceonrcs
ofRochd, inprouidiiigfo abundantly for vs. Fortruely
liinde that this Septembrall liquor (Imcane wine) js,a-
mong orher things , afoueraigne prefcruatiue againfl rhc
licknelleofthatcountry : Andthefpicerics, tocorreO: ihe
vice that might be in the aire of that region, whicluieuer-
thelcs I haucalwaies found very cleereand pure, notwith-
ftanding the reafons that I may hauc alleaged for the fame,
fpeaking hceretoforcofthe fame (ickneffe. For our allow-
ance, we had Pvafe, Bcanes, Rice, Prunes, Raifons, dry

Codde,

s,a-
rhc

It (he
\ier-
ith-

timc,
ow-
dry
dde,

CocWe, and fait flcfli,bcfidcs Oylc and Butter. But when-
foeucrche Sauagesydwcllingncere vs,had taken any (]uan.
ticy of Sturgions, Salmons, orfmallfiflics 5 Item, any Bc«
uers,^ ElUnSy Carabousy (or fallow Dccrc) or otiicr beafis,
mentioned inmy farvvell to New France, they broiiglic
vnto v$ halfe ofit : and that which remained chcy cxpoled
it fometimesto falcpublikely , and they that v^ould haue
any thereof did trucke bread for it. This was partly our
inaiKr of life in thofe parts. . But although cueryone of
our 'vvorkcmen had his particular trade or occupation, yet
forall that it was necellary to imploy himfclfe to all vies,
as many did. Some Mafons and Stonc-caruers applied
thenifclues to baking , which made vs as^tood bread as is
madeinParis. AlfooneofourSawyers,diu- "stimcsmade
vs Coalcs in great quantitic.

wherein is to be noted a thing that now I remember. It
is, that being necedaryto cut turffes to coucr the piles of
wood, heaped to make thefaid coales , there was found in
the medowcs three foot deepc of carth,not carth,bur gra(!'c
or hearbes mingled with mudde,which haue heaped them-
felues yecrely one vpon another from the beginning of tJic
world, not hauing beenc mooucd. Neuertheleife the
grcene thereof ferueth for paflurc to the E Hans iVihich wc
haue many times feeneinour medowcs of thofe parts, in
beards of three or fourc, great and fmall, fufferingthem-
felues fometimcs to bee approched, then they ran to the
woods : But I may fay moreouer,that I haue feenc,in crof-
fing two leagues of our faid medowes,the fame to be al tro-
den withtrackes o^Ellans , for I know not there any other
clouen footed beads. There was killed one of thofe beafts,
not farre off from our fort , at a place where MonJleurBc
Monts hauing caufed the grade to be mowed tWoyeares
before,it was growcnagainethefaireftof the world. Some
mightmaruell how thofe medowes are made, feeingthat
all the ground in thofe places is couercd with woods. For
fatisfa^ion whereof, let the curious reader know,that in
.A.. M, 2 high

5>I

ft.i^'j'^c or ml
DiciP.
The hbcrall
nntiiro ot" liic

Crnifoalc

madcinNc^ir

Fi-;incc.

What earth is
in the mc.
iiowct.

t\lani in the
Medowcs.

I'i^ii

■ ; i

Tcm^tc^fet^

KJit»heJy^,

The bay of

high fpringtidcs, fpccially in March and September, the
floud coucrcth thoIc (bores , which hindcrcih the trees
thereto take root. Butcuery vvhere,\vhere the water ouer-
floweth nor, if there be any ground, there arc woods.

Chap. XllII.
Their d( par tiny fromihcllc <?/\S'. Croix : thcbayfcfM2iX'
chin: ChoLukoct : vtucs and grapes : thdilfcriilttji of the
Saudgcs : thlland mul people eft he Armotithtqtwis : the cme
gf An AfmoHchicjHots ivouude'd : theJimplicttteiirJigyjor^nce
of the people: vices of the <iArmo:ichiquois :Jtijptcion :
peovl.yjot carwg for clothes : come f owed, dudvirics
planted in the country oft he Armoticht^Ptoi-ji
qnantitie of grapes : al^und4nce of peo-
ple : dangerous Sea,

LEt vs rcturnc to Aforfenr de Potitrincotfrt , whom w£"
haiie left in the He Saint Croix. Hauing made there a
rcuicvv, and cheriOied the Saiiagcs that vvcretherc,hc
went in the fpacc offbure daics to Pemtegoet^ which is that
place (o famous vndcr the ntiine of Nor omhega. There
needech not fo Jong a rime in comming thither , but
hetaried on the way to mend hisbarkc : tor to chat end
he had brought with him a Smith and a Carpenter , and
quantity of boordes. Hecrofledthellcs, which bcatthc
mouth ofthe riuer, and came to Kimheki, where his barkc
was in danger, by reafonof the great flrtamcsthatthe na-
ture ofthe place procureth there. 1 his was thecaufe why
he made there no flay, but parted further to the Baie of
Alar chin, which is the name of a Captaincof the Sauages,
who at thearriuallof thefaid Aionficur De Poutrinconrt,
began to eric out aloud He He : whereunto the like an-
fwerwas made vntohim. He replied, asking in his lan-
guage , What are ye ? They anfwered him, Friends : And
thereupon MonJieiirDePofttrincoftrt approchmg , trea-
ted amity with him , and prefented him with kniucs, hat-
chets, and Afatachta<,, that is to fay,fcarfcs, karkcnctsand

bracelets

IfyftA Tnnch. ^3

bracelets made of beades, or qiiils made ofwliite and blew

glade 5 wlicicof he was very glad , as alfo for the conf'ede- Confcticracy,

racy chac chefaid LMonfieur De^PoutrincoHrt made with

hjm, knowing very well that the fame would be a great

aide and fupport vnto him. He didributcd to fomc n^en

that were about him, among a great number of people, the

prcfcnts thattiiefaid OMonJicnr DePoHtnmoart o;anc him,

to whom he brousiht (lore of Oriffnac^ or FJIam llc(h ( for

the Baskes doe call a Staggc, or ElUn, Origmc) to refrclii

the company with vidluals. That done, they fct failes to-

\\dLxA%Choi'i.tkpcty where the riuerof Capraine Olmechin Therincicf

is, and where the yearc following was made the war of the p '"^'/!"' •

Sounqftois And Etcchemttis , vndertlie conduct of the 4^^- ^faUtt

gamos LM'jmbertopt , which I haue dcfcribcd in verfcs, ^

which verfcs I haueinferted among the Mufcs of New-
France. At the entry ofthe Bay of the faid place of C/;^//^t- An Hand of
/^<?r there is a great lland, about halfc a league compaflc, vines,
wherein our men did firft difcouer any vines(for,although
there be fome in the lands neerertoPort RoyaJl, notwith-
ftanding there was yet no knowledge had of them) which
they found in great quantity, hauingthe truncke three and
fourcfoothigh,andasbiggcas onesfiltin the lower part,
the grapes faire and great , and fomeasbiggeasplummes,
other leffenbur as blacke,that they left a ftainc where their
liquor was fpilled : Thofegrapes,Ifay,lyingouerbuflies
and brambles that grow in the fame Hand, where the trees
arenot fothickeas in other where, but are fix or feu en
rods dirtant a funder , which caufe ch the grapes to be ripe
ihefooner 5 hauingbefides a ground very fit for the fame,
grauelly and fandy. They taricd there but two hourcs : but
they noted, that there were no vines on the North-fide, c-
ucnas in the lie Saint Cm^ are no Cedar-trees , but on
the Weft fide.

From this Hand they went to the n\xtxo£ Olmechin jZ Thenucrof
Port o^Chanakoet , where Mar chin and the faid Olmechin Olmethin,
brought to Monjtcur Dc T^oHtrinconrtz. prifoner of the

M 3 ^ Somqmis

S^'

Tlu'gAlant-
nclleordie
S.iu.i«'cs.
P(»it lU u

Ncud FraneU.

Sofiriqouu (and therefore their enemy ) which they gaiie
vnto him freely. Two hourcs after there arriued two Ma-
nages, the o\\cSin£tej7jcmm, named ^/j^W/^«,Captaineof
the riucr Saint lolm, called by the Sauages Oigoudt : The o-
thcr a SoHricjHois, named Aitjj\imoety Captaineor Sagamof
of the riuer of the Port J)eLaHcvc, where this pnloncr
was taken. They had grcar (lore of Mcichandifcs trucked
vviiii Frencljincn, which tlicy were ccu.ming to vtter, that
is ro fay, great, nicanc, and fniall kettles, hatchets, kniues,
gowncs, ilioiccloakes, red wallcoates, biskct, and other
things : vvhcreupon there arriued twclue or lifttcnc boats,
The Siuagcs full of Sauages oiOlmechms fubic^ion, being in very good
doc paint order , all their faces painted , according to their wonted
ihcirtaccs. cuftome, when they will feeme faire, hauingtheir bow
The Oration "^"^ arrow in hand, and the quiuer, which they laid dowiic
eiM>j]'4mo(* aboord. Atthat hourc UVlcffamoet began his Oration
** before the Sauages : Shewing them , how that in
*' times palt, they often had fricndfliip together : and
*' that they might eafily ouercome their enemies, if they

*' wouldhaueintelligenceandferuethemrclueswiththeami-
'* tie of the Frenchmen, whom, they faw there prefent to
" know their Country , to the end to bring commodities vn-
" tothemhecreaftcr, and to fuccour them with theirforccs,
" w hich forces he knew, and he was the better able to make
*' a demonll ration thereof vnto them, byfo much that hec
" which fpake, had before time beene in France, and dwelt
" therewith Aionfimr DeGmndmortt , Gouernour of Bay-
" onne. Finally, his fpecch continued almoft an lioure with
Mfffm9eti^^~ much vehemency and afte^ion, withagefture of body
fedion to the and armes , as is rcquifite in a good Oratour. And in the

The lar^'t fi'c ^"^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ '^'^ ^^'^ merchandifes (w hich were worth a-
and iibcraliry boue ;^co. crownes, broughtinto that country) into Olmc'
of MffJ'amoets. chin his boar, as making him a prefent of that, in aflurancc
of the loue he would witnes vnto him.That done the ni<^ht
haded on, and euery one retired himfelfe. But Meffamoct
was not pleafed, for that Olmechtn made not the hke Grati-
fy- on

Ight

moct
rati-
on

c iK'Xtuay in cue moinu)'^ , iicanuiiis pcopic ^-^onu;,,
with aboatc ladfii vvkli that v\hich they haJ, ^'^'f','
Ky 1 abacco.Bcancs and Punipioiis, which tluy j., itHv;.
hcerc and there! hole two Captaincs Olmcchin ^'

\Vi\m

onvntohim.iiof rcqnircd hlsprcfcnt:ForthcS3ua2;cshauc ti,- c
thatnoblcqiulicy, thattlKV'j;!uc liberally , calliiigatthc Ullju.^II.'
feet of hull whoinihcy wilhv>iu)r, the prcU'iu that they j2,mc
him:Biitic isw»fh liupcfoiecciuc {oincicciprocall kind-
r.circ, which isakuidcoiconirjO^ which we call, withoi c
name,/ <^///tf thcCyto the cml thc:^jhonlciejt irtuc mc. And that
js done tiiorow all the world. Thcrelore Ai/rjfumoei fioin
that day hadinmindctonKikcwartoO//wfc/./«. NoLVvith- ACornc^
Handing the next day in the morninj:^ , he and his people ''^Hniry
didrctiirnc
towitjCorne

dillribiitcd hcerc and there.! hole two Capt
and Alurchin haiie fince beenc killed in the wars . In whofc
ttead was cliolen by the Sauages one named Bejfubes^ Biffalcr
which fince our icturne hath beene killed by Englifliinen: ^"ii'""'"cn.
And in Read of him they haue niadeaCapraine to come
from within the lands , named AslicoH; a graueman, vali- ^fticau,
ant and redoubted, which, in the twinkling of an eye, will
gather vp looo. Sauagcs together, which thing <9/wtfr^/;i
and Afitrchin might alio doe. For our Barl^s being there,
prefently the Sea was feene all couered ouer with their
boates, laden with nimble and lully men , holding them-
feiues vpflraightinthem : which we cannot doe without
dan2;cr , thoic boates beinsrnothiniz: elle but trees hollow-
cd after the faihion that we will (liew you in the booke fol -
lowing. From thence Monjicnr De V.cHtrt?:coKrt following
on hiscourfe,found a certaine Port very delighrfulljwhich p^ ^^^ ^^^j
had notbeene feene by AfonJienrDeAionts : And during port. °
the voyage they faw (lore of fmoke, and people on the
fliorc , which inuitedvs to come aland : And feeing that
no account was made oiit , tiiey followed the barke along Tho ngiljty of
the fand, yea mofi: often they did outgoeher, fofwiftare d^c ^rtKouchL
they , hauing their bowes in hand, and their quiuers vpon J?**"*'-
their backcs, alwaies finging and dauncing, not taking care -^ jj^ j^y |^, j "
with what they fliould liue by the way. Happy people I tlickaow-
Yca, a thoufand times more happy than they which in ledge of God.
r.. tliefe

•iU

Fifes.

A SaiKige
woiinctcd.

Their
mouthcs and
mops about
him that was
hurt.

The prcfents
ofaSauagc
woman.
Hcmpe v«ry
faire.
Bcanes.
Quannty of
grapes.

?(£ua Franck.

thcfc parts make thcmfclues to be worfhipped 5 if they
had the knowledge of God and oftheir fahiation.

Monjienr VeT^otitrincourt hauing landed in this Port,
behold among a multitude of Sauages a good number of
fifes, which did play with cerraine long pipes, made as it
were with canes of reedes, painted ouer, but not with futh
an harmony as our Shepheards might doc : And to iliew
the excellertcy oftheir art, they w hilled with cheir nofes i«
gamboHing, according to their fafhion.

And as this people did runne headlong, to come to the
Barkc, there was a Sauage which ,hurt himfelf e greeuoufly
intheheelea<xainft theed2;eofarocke, wherebv heewas
inforccd toreraaine in the place. MonJieurDePofttriri'-
court his Chirurgion , at that inftant would apply to this
hurt that which was of his art, but they would not permit
it, vntill they had firft made their mouthes and mops about
the wounded man. They then laide him downe on the
ground , one of them holding his head on his lap , and
made many bauhngs and (ingings, whcreunto the woun-
ded man anfwered but witha//<? , with a complaining
voice , which hauing done they yeelded him to the cure of
thefaid Chirurgion, and went their way, and the patient
alfo after he had beenedrcfled : but two houres after hee
came againe , the mofl: iocund in the world , hauing put a-
bouc his head,the binding cloth, wherewith his heelc was
wrapped, for to feemc the more gallant.

The day following, our people entred farther into the
Port, where being gone to fee the Cabins of the Sauages,an
old woman of an hundred or fixfcore yeares of age,, came
to caft at the feet QiCMonfieur De PoHtriKconr, a loafe of
bread, made with the wheat called MMs, or Aifais, and in
thefe our parts , Turkyor Saracin wheat, then very faire
hempeofa long growth ; Irembeanes, and grapes newly
gathered , becaufethey had feene French men eat of them
at Chauakoet. Which the other Sauages feeing, that knew
it not, they brought more of them than one would, emula-

ting

n^^S

ting one another 5 and for recompence ofthis their kind- 11^^ /implid-
nellc, there was fet on their foreheads a fillet , or band, of tyand i^no-
paper, wet with fpittle , of which they were very proud, ranccotpco-
Ic was ihewed them, in prclfing the grape into a glafl'c, that P^*
of that we did make the wine which we did drinke. Wee
would haue made them to eat of the grape , but hauingta-
kcrtitiiito their mouthcs, they fpitted it out, fo ignorant is
this people of the beiUhing that God hath giuen to man,
next ro bread. Yet not withlhnding they haue no want of
wit, and might be brought to doe fome good things,ifthey
were ciuihzed, and had the vfe of handy craftcs. Butthey
arefubtill , theeuifli , and traiterous , and though they be
naked, yet one cannot take heed ofthcir fingers 5 for if one
turne neuer fo littlehis eies afide, and that they fpie the op-
portunity to fteale any knife,hatchet,or any thing elfcjthey
will not milTe nor faile of it ; and will put the thelt between
their buttockes, or will hide itwithm thefand with their
foot fo cunningly, that one fliall not perceiue it. Indeed I ^^^ b-i^na-
doenot wonder if a people pooreand naked betheeuifli; "y^°'^".c
butwhen the heart is mahcious, it is vnexculable. This ^^^^^
people is fuch that they muft be handled with terrour : for
if through loue and gentleneflc , one giuethem too free V;°^^ ^^».
accefTe, they will pradlife fome furprife, as it hathbeenc gaoU imMc'
kno wen in diuersoccafions heeretofore,and will yet heerc- dealt withalL
after befeene. And without deferring any longer , the fe-
cond day after our coraming thither , as they faw our
people bufie a wiHiinglinnen, they came forae fifty, one
following another, with bowes, arrowes and quiuers , in-
tending to play fome bad part , as it was coniefturcd vpon
their maner of proceeding ; but they were preuented, fome
of our men going to meet them, with their muskets and
matches at the cocke, which made fome of them run away,
and the others beingcompa{ledin,hauingputdowne their
weapons , came to a Peniiifule , or fmall head of an Hand,
where our men were, and making a friendly fliew, deman-
ded CO trucke the Tabacco they had for our merchandifes.
■^. j ' N The

Nem Frikcuu

\ 'ii

The next day the Captainc of the faid place and Port,
came into Monfieur De Poutrincourts barke to fee him: wc
Sufpition for did marucll to fee him accompanied with 0/w^c/;/«, feeing '
the comming the way was mavucllous long tocomc thither by land, and
o(olm:ehin, ^1^.}^ fl-jortct by fea. That gaue caufcof bad fufpition, al-
beit he had promifcd his loue to the Frenchmen. Nor-
withftanding they were gently receiued. And OMonJieur
De Poiitrincotq:t gaue to the faid Oimcchin a complet gar-
mcntj wherewith being clothed , he viewed himfclfe m a
gialFe , and did laugh to fee himfelfe in that order. But a
The tvoublc little while after , feeling that the fame hindred him, al-
ofgarmcnts. though it was in Odober, when he was returned vnto his
Cabins , he diftributed it to fundry of his men, to the end
that one alone lliould not be ouerpcftered with it. This
ought to beafufficient leflbnto fo many finnical, both
men and women, ofthefe parts , who caufe their garments
and breii-plates to be made as hard and (liffeas wood,
wherein their bodies are fo miferably toi m.ented, that they
are in their clothes vnable to all good adion*. And if the
weather be too hot they fufFer in their great bummes with
a thoufand {o\ds , vnfupportable heats, that are more vn-
tolerable, than the torments which felons and criminall
men are fometimcs made to feele.

Now during the time that the faid Mcnjleur DeP$Htrw*

court was there, being in doubt whether <^ionfieur De

Monts would come to make an habitation on that coaft, as

Cornc fow- he wifhcd it, he made there a peece of ground to be tilled,

cd, and vines for to fowcorne and to plant vines, which they did, with

piantc . ji^g hclpe of our Apothecary Mafter Lewes Hebert, a man',

who, bcddes his experience in his arr,taketh great delio-ht

in the tilling of the ground. And the faid Monjleur De

Poutrtmourt may be heere compared to good father Noahy

who after he had made the tjllagemoft neceflarieforthe

fowing ofcorne, he began to plant the vine, whofe efFefts

he felt afterwards.

As they were a deliberating to paffc farther , Olmechin

came

ber

Neua Franca.

came to thcBarlcc to fee MonJienrDe Poutrmcourt, where
hailing taricd ccrtainehourcs, cither in talking or eating,
hefaidthat the next day lOo. boates (hould come, contai-
ning eucry one fix men : but the comming of fiich a num-
ber of men, being buttroublefome , Monftenr DeVoutrin^
f<?/!^r^ would not tarry for them ; butwentaway the fame
day to Mdebarre, not without much difficultic, by reafon
of the great ftreamcs and fholds that are there. So tliat the
Barke hauing touched at three foot of water onely , we
thought to be caft away, andwebegantovnladeher, and
put the viftuals into the Shaloup, which was behinde, for
to fauc vs on land : but being no full fea, the barke came a-
flote within an houre. All this Sea is aland ouerflow-
cd, as that of Mount Saint Michels ^ afandy ground, in
which, all that redcth isaplaineflat country as far as the
Mountaines, which are fecnc ly. leagues off from that
place. And I am of opinion, that as far as Virginia, , it is all
alike. Moreouer, there is heere great quantity of grapes,as
before, and a country very full of people. MonJieurDe
Monts being come to MaUharre in an other fcafbn of the
y earc, gathered onely greenc grapes \ which he made to
be prcfcrucd , and brought fomc to the King. But it was
our good hap to come thither in Oftober , for to fee the
maturity thereof. I hauc heere before (hewed the difficul-
ty that is found in entering into Malebarre, This is the
caufe why Monfienr De PoHtrincourt came not in with his
Barke , but went thither with afhaloup onely , which
thirty or forty Sauages didhelpetodrawin : and
when it was full tide (but the tide doth not
mount heere but two fadames high,which
is feldome feenc) he went out, and
retired himfelfe into hisfaid barke^
to paflc further in the morning,
as foone as hee rhould or-
daine it.

TOO. boatcf
ofSauagcs,

Makharret

Perillof
flioldcs.

Note.

Great quanta
tyofgiapCSs

Hcereupou
chap. 7.

Two fa*
dames tide
oncIy.

chin

N 2

Chap.

■ in

r» • .-f ' ' ' '

Ghap. XV.

Dangers : vnhnoyven languages : the making of a forge, and of
mopten : Crojfesfet vp : ftenty: a corjjpiracy : dtfobedience :
murther : the flight of three hundred again ji tenne : the agility
of the ArmoHchiquois : had company dangerom : the accident
of a U^fsisk^t that did hurjl : the irtfoUncy of the Sanages :
their timoroftjn , impiety , and flight : the fortunate Port:
a had fea : reuenge : the counfell and refolti".
t ion for the returne : new perils : Gods
fauours : the arriuall of Mow*.
ficur De Poutrincourt at
Port Roy all : and how
hewasreceiued,

THe night beginning to glue place to tlic dawning of
the day, the failcs arc hoifcd vp, butit was but a ve-
ry perilous nauigation. For with thisfmall vcffell
l>3ngcr. they were forced to coaft the land , where they found no
depth ; going backc to fea it was yet woorfe : infuch
wife that they did (bike twice or thrice, being raifed vp a-
gaineonely by the waues, and the rudder was broken,
which was a/dreadfull thing. In this extremity they were
conftiainedto caft anker in the fea, attwofadamsaecpc,
and three leasiues off from the land . Wliich beins; done,
Daniel Hay (a man which taketh pleafure in fhewing
foorth his vertuein the perils of the fea) vvasfcnt towards
the Coaft to, view it, and fee if there were any Port. And
ashewas necrelandhc.fawaSauage, whichdiddauncc,
finging yo.yoyjo, he called him to come nccrer, and by
fignes asked him if there wer<r any place to retire fhips in,
and where any frelli water was.. The Sauage hauingmadc
figne there was,be-tooke him into his flialoup,and brought

orb.
Johnt riuer.

Sauagcsof ^ ^

fundry nati- ^^^ ^^ ^.j^^ Barke, wherein was (^hkoudun Captaine of the

ftWnotone nuer of C>/^<7«^/ , otherwife Saint 7i?/?«/ riuer ; who being

aiioth<ir. brought before this Sauage , he vnderftood him no more

than

uage

was

ther

the

theU

for

brea

ghc
the

than did our ownc peoplc:truc ic is,that by fignes he com-
prehended better ihan they what he would fay. ThisSa-
uage (hewed the places, where no depth was, and where
was any , and did fo well indenting and winding heerc and
there, alway the led iw hand , thac inthe end they came to
the Port (hewed by him, where fmall depth is : wherein
the barke being arriued,diligence was vfed to make a forge
for to mend her with her rudder , and an ouen to bake
bread>becaufe there was no more bisket left.

Fifteene daies were imployed in this worke, during the
vAixdiAIonfiefir 'DePoHtr'mceHrty accordmg to the lauda-
ble cuftomeof Chriftians, made a CrofTe to be framed and
fet vp , vpon a greene banclce, as Monfieur De Moms had
done two y ceres before at Kimhki And LMalebarre, Now
among thcfepaincfiillexercifes they gaue notoucrmake-
ing good cheere, with that which both the fea and the land
might furnifli in that part. For in this Port is plentie of
fbwle, in taking of which many of our men applied them-
felues .'fpecialTy the. fea larkes arc there info great flights
that Monjieur D€ Pefttrmcofirtkilhd 28. of them with one
Caliuerfhot, As for fidies , there be fuch abundance of
Porpefes, and another kinde offilh, called by Frenchmen
SoHflenrs, that is to fay, i^/ow^rj, that the feafeemes to be
allcoueredoucr with them. But they had not the things
neccffary for this kinde of fifliing > they contented them-
felues then with (heU-fi(h,as of Oy fters, Skalops, periwin-
cles 3 whereof there was enough to be fatisfied. The Sa-
uagesof the other (ide did bring fifli , and grapes within
baskets made of rufhcs, for to exchange with fome of our
wares. The faid LMonfienr *Z)<? P oHtrtncoHrt feeino; the
grapes there,maruellou{ly fairc, commanded him that wai-
ted on his chamber, to lay vp in the Barke a burthen of the
vines from whence the faid grapes were taken. Our Apo-
thecary M. Z/fjv^x//f^^r,dc(irous to inhabit in thofe coun-
tries , had pulled out a good quantity of them, to the end to
plant them in Port Royall, where ..unc oi them arc, al-

N 3 thougjh

f-t^i

I€I

A forge and
an ouen
mndc.

Acroflcfcc
vp.

A^>undance
of larkes and
fiflics.

I it

Shell filli.

Gi-apcs.
Riifli. baskets.

101

Thctriallof
French wea-
pons before
the Sauagcs,

Goodinlhiu
^ioii.

Sec in the
next b coke.

Signcs of
coiifpiracy.

f(gua Framia.

though the foylc be there very fit for vines. Which neuer-
thclcffc (by a dull forgctfulncfle ) was not done, to the
great difcoutcnt of thcTaid Monjieur DePoHtrincoHrt and
ofvsall. . . r, •

After certaine daies , the faid MortfteurDePoHtrincoMrty
feeing there great afTembly of Sauagcs, came aQiore, and
to giuc them fome terrour , made to march before him one
of his men, fldUrifhiqg with two naked fvvords. Whereat
they much wondred , but yet much morevvhcn they faw
that our Muskets did pierce thickcpeeces of wood, where
their arrowes could not fo much as fcratch. And therefore
they neueraflailed our men, as long a$ they kept watch.
And it had beene good to found the Trumpet at euery
houres cnd,as Captaine lames ^^rtier6\A» For (as Mon"
fiettr DeToHtrincoHrt doth often fay ) One mufl neutrUie
bait for theeues , meaning that one muft neuer giue caufe to
an enemy to thinkc that he may furprife you : But one
muft alwaies (hew that he is miAruded , and that you arc
not afleepe, chiefely when one hath to doe with Sauages>
which will neuer fet vponhim that refohitely expefts
them ; which was not performed in this placeby them that
bought the bargain of their neghgencc very deare, as wc
will now tell you.

Fifteene daies being expired, the faid Monfieur DePou^
trincoHrt feeing his barke mended^ and nothing remainini^
to be done, but a batch of bread , he went fomc 3 . leagues
diftanc within the land, to fee if he might difcouer any fin-
gularity : But in his returne he and his men perceaued the
Sauages running away thorow the woods in diuers troupes
of 20. ^o. and more J fomo bowing themfclups ai men that
would not be fcene : others hiding themfelues m the graflc
not to be perceiued : others carrying away their ftufFe, and
Canowes full of corne , for to betake them to their heeles :
Belides the women tranfporting their children , and fuch
ftufFe as they could with them. Thofeadlions gaue caufe
?o Mon^eur De Poutrincourt to thinkc that this people did

plot

plot fomc bad cntcrprifc. Therefore being arrlucd he com-
manded his people, which were a making of bread, tore-
tire thcmfelues into their Barke. But as yong people doc
often forget their duty , thefe hauing fome cake , orfuch
hkc thing, to make, had rather follow their hkeriOi appc<
titc, than to doe that which was commanded them, taried
till nidit without retirina; thwnfelues. About midnight
AfonJietirDe Foutrinconrt thinkingvpon that which had
pafled the day before, didaske whetherthey wcreinthc
barkc ; and hearing they were not, hefcnt thellialoupc
vnto them, to command and bring them aboord , where-
to they di{obaied,excepthis Chamberlain, who feared his
matter. They were fine, armed with muskets and fwords,
which were warned to ftand ftill vpon their guard,and yet
(being negligent) made not any watch, fo much were they
addifted to their owne wils. The report was,that they had
before (hot ofFcwo muskets vpon the Sauages,bicaufc that
fome one of them had ftolne a hatchet. Finally, thofe Sa-
uages, either prouoked by that , or by their bad nature,
cameat the breakeof day without any rioife ( which was
very eafie to them , hauing neither horfes , waggons nor
wooddcn-fiiooes ) euen to the place where they were a-
(leepc : And fcemgafit opportunity to play a bad parr,
they fet vpon them with {hots of arrowes, and clubs, and
killed two of them. The reft being hurt began to crie out,
running towards thefea flioare. Then hee which kept
watch within the barke, cried out all affrighted, O Lord !
our men are killed , our men are killed. At this voice and
cry, euery one rofe vp, and haftily, not taking Icafure to fit
on their cloathes , nor to fet fire to their matches , ten of
them went into the (haloupjwhofe names I do not remem-
ber, but of C^<?»,'/(?»^^^<^w/>/<?;«, %gbert ^rn^e ( Monjteur
T>u Pont his fonne) DanielHay, the Chirurgion, the Apo^
thecary, and the Trumpeter : All which (following the
faid Monjleur DePoutrmcourty who had his fonne with
him ) came aUnd vnarmcd. But the Sauagcs ran away as

faft

203

Yong men
difobcilicnt.-

Manfteur De

ToutrittCQHTtS

care.

DifobcdU
cnce.

Murther done
by the Saua-
gcs.

ir'^

Succour,

y V,

io4

Veutero. ii,
Indies 7.8.

^rmouchiquok
be fm{t.

The burying
of the dead.

Conipiracy.

fad as cucr tlicy coulcl,thoug'n they wcrcabouc three hun-
dred , bcfidcs them that were hidden in the grade (accor-
ding to their cuftomc) which appeared nor. VVheuinis to
be noted how Godfixeth, 1 know not what terror in the
face of the faithful!, againft infidels and mifcreants, accor-
ding to his facrcd word, when he faith to his chofcn peo-
ple : NoncPhilbe able tojland beforeyoH. TheLordyoftr God
pjall put ^crrottr and fear e of you oner all the earth ^ vpoft
jvhichjoHjhaH march. So we fee that 135 coo. Madiamtes,
able fighting men, ran away and killed one another before
Cif^^r^^Wjwhich had but 3 co. men. Now to thinke to follow
after thefe Sauages , it had bcenc but labour loft , for they
are too f.vift in running : But if one had Horfes there, they
might pay them hpme very foundly, for they haue a num-
ber of fmall paths, leading from one place to another
(which is not m Port Royall) and their woods atcnotfo
chicke, and haue befides ftore of open land .

Whileft that Monfienr De Poutrincottrt was comming
afliorc, there was (hot from the Barke feme fmall caft pee-
cesvpon fome Sauages, that were vpon a little hill, and
fome of them were feene fall downc, but they be fo nimble
in fauing their dead men, that one knew not what iudge-
ment to make of it. The fard AfoftfteftrdePontrittco/irtjiec^
in^ he could gctnothing by purfuing of them, caufed pits
to DC made to bury them that were dead, which 1 haue faid
to be two , but there was one that died at the vvaters fide,
thinking to fauehimfelfe, and a fourth man which wasfo
forely wounded with arrow iliots , that hee died being
brought to Port Royall 5 the fifth man had an arrow ftick-
inginhisbreft, yet did fcapc death for thattime ; But it
hadbeenc better he had died there : for one hath lately
rolde vsthat he was hanged in the habitation thsLzAIoft-
fieHrBeMonts maintainethat iT^^^ci^ in the great riuetof
Canada, hauing beene the author of a confpiracy made a-
gainft his Captainc Monfieur Champleiny which is now
there* And as for this mifchiefeit hath beene procured by

. the

2^ui Frmcla.

the folly and difobedienceof onciwhomlwillnot name,
bccaufehe died there, whoplaicdthe cocke and ringlea-
der atnongthe yong men that did too lightly bclcciie him,
which othcrwife wereof aieafonable goodnature ; and
becaufeone would not make him drunke, he fwarc (accor-
ding to his cuftomc) that hee would not icturne into the
Barke, which alfo came topade. For the iVIfciamcvvas
found dead, his face on the ground, hauing a little dogge
vpon his backc , both of them fliot together, and pierced
ihorow with one and the felfefame arrow.

In this bad occurrence, UMopiJicHr Dh Pcnts SonnCyZ-
boue named, had three of his fingers cut off, with a Ipluit of
a musketjwhich being oucr charged did bui ft, which trou-
bled the company very much, char was afflj fled enough
by other occafions : Neuerthelcllethe laftdutic towards
the dead was not neglcfted, which were buried at the foot
of the Crofle that had beene there planted as is before faid.
But the infolencie of this Barbarous people was great, af-
ter the murthersby them committed •, for that as our men
did fingouer our dead men, the funerall feruice and praiers
accuftomed in the church , thefe raskals, I fay, did dance
and howled afar off, rcioycing for their traitcrous treche-
rie, and therefore, though they were a great number, they
aduentured not thcmfelues to come and alTaile our people,
who, hauing at their leafurc done what we haue faidbe-
forc, bccaufe the fca waxed very low , retired thcmfelues
vntothe Barke , wherein remained Afofj/tenrChampdore,
for the gard thereof But being low water, and hauing no
meanestocome aland,this wicked generation cameagainc
to the place where they had committed the murthcr, pul-
led vp the CrolTejdigged out and vnburied one of the dead
corps, cookeaway hisfliirt, and put it on them, (hewing
their fpoiles that they had carried away : Andbchdesall
this, turningtheir backes towards the Barke, did caft fand
with their two hands betwixt their buttockes inderifion,
howling like woolucs : which did maruclloufly vex our

O people,

105

LeAud compa.
ric cal^rth

away.

R:flj oarkcs
1.1 he fomc-
tmifscficct
to .he coftj
of ihcfwea-
rcrj.

Accidenthya
Muskec buiR.

The infolen-
cie of the
Sauagcs.

Thctimo-
rouihclle of
tJieSau3gcs.

The impiety
of the Sana*
gcs.

f '4

people, which fpared no caft peeccs (hots at them jbut the

diftancc was very great,ancl they had already that fubtilty

as to call thcmfelucs on the ground when they faw the tire

putatir, infiichfort thatonc knew not whether they had

bcenehurtorno, fo that our men were forced, mil or will,

to drinke that birter potion, attending for the tide, which

being come, and fufficicnt ro carry them aland , as foonc

as they (aw our men enter into the llialowp, they ran away

The Sauagcs as fwifc a$ gray-hounds , trufbngthemfelues onthcjragi-

fli^'t. Jjcie. There was with our men a .y^^/z^wc;/ named 4^^/;/^//-

f h*^s"r^^ ^//», rpoken of before, who much difliked their prankes,

nxoiSthhH. • and would alone goe andfi^ht againftall this multitude,

iM. but they would not permit hmi ,ro they fetvp the Crollc

agame with reuerencc , and the body which they had

digged vp was buried againc , and they named this Port,

Port Fortune. Port Fortune,

The next day they hoifed vp failcs, to pafTe further and
difcouernew lands, but the contrary winde conflrained
them to pur backe, and to comcagamc into the faid Port.
The other next day after , they attempted againc to goc
farther, but in vaine,and they were yet forced to putbackc
vntill the winde fliould be Bt. During thcfc attempts, the
Sauages (thinking, Ibeleeue, that chat which had paf-
fed betweene vs was but a icft and a play ) would
needs come againc familiarly vnto vs,and offered to truck,
diffcmblingthat they were not them ihatliad doncthofc
villanies, but others, which, they faid, wercgoneaway.
But they were not aware of the fable , how the Stcrke be-
ing taken among the Cranes , [which were found doing
fomedamraagc, waspunifLed as the others, notwithflan-
ding (lie pleaded that llie was fo far from doing any harme,
tha: contrari wife ihe did purge the ground froni Serpents ,
which fhe did cat. AIonficHr De Potitnncourt then fufFered
Thefhellcsof ^^^^ ^^ approch , and made as though he would accept
roorhcr ot of chcir warcs, which wereTabacco,Carkenets and bracc-
pe:.rUs. Icts made With the flicls of afiili called Fignanx (and Sfur-

NcUiTraneta.

io-»

Rcucngc,

gni by lames jS^mier in the difcoucry of his fccond voy-
age) of great eftccmc ainongthcm : Item of their Corn*. ^.
beanes, Dowcs, arrowes, quiucrs , and other fmalltralli.
Andas thefociety wasrciuied thefaid tofttr$»court com* Stratflgctn,
manded to nine or ten that were with him, to make the
matches of their Muskets round, Hkc to around fnarc,and
that when he (hould glue a ligne, euery one lliould cad his
firing vpon the Sauagcs head that (hould be neerc hiiTi,and
fliould catch him, euen as the hangman doth With him that
he hach in hand : Andfortheeft'e£^ingof this, thathalfc
of his people fhould goe aland , whileuthe Sauagcs were
fcufie a trucking in the flialoup : which was done •, but the
execution was not altogether according to his dcfire. For
he intended to feruehimfelfe with them that (hould be ta-
ken, as of flaues to grind atthe hand-mill and to cut wood;
wherein they failed by ouer much hallc.Neuertheleirc fix
orfeuen of them were cutinpceces, which could notfo
well run in the water as on the land, and were watched ac
the pa(rage, by thofe of our men that were aland.

That done, the next day they indcuored to goe farther*
although the winde was not good, but they went but a lit-
tle forward , and faw onely an Hand fix or fcuen leagues
off, to which there was no meanes to come, and it was csA'
XcALUedoHteufey thedoubtfulllle, which being confide- tiUdmtu
red, and that ofone fide the want of viftuals was to be fea«
red , and of the other that the winter might hinder their
courfc, and befides they had two ficke men,of whom there
was no hope ofrecouery 5 counfell being taken it was re-
folued to returnc into Port Roy all : Monpeur DePoHtrin-
r(?»rrbefides all this, being yet in care for them whom he
had left there, fo they came againe for the third time into
Port Fortufte, where no Sauage was feene.

Vpon the firft winde,the faid Monfieur De Poutrinco.. rt
weighed anker for the returnc , and being mind full of the
danger jpalTed he failed in openfea : which ihortned his
courfe, but not without a great mifchiefc of the rudder,

O 2 which

Refoiution
for the rc-
tiunc.

Their re»

turnc.

Pcrill.

io3

ft':

\i'

MtliAM,

PcriU.

A very fvtifc
euiTCiic.

Perill.

Dcut. ji.ver.
39.

Cioo<} conii-
dciauons.

wfiicli was againe broken : infuch fort that being ae the
mercy of the wanes, they arriuccl in thccnd,as well as thcr
could amongijicllandsol A^<^r<?»i^<rjj4 where they mended
it. And after their departure frcmthe faid Hands they came
to Alenane, an Hand about fixkacrues in len<>th, bet ween e
S. Croix and Port Rojiali, where they raricd for the windc,
which being come fonicwhat fauourablc, parting from
thence new mifciiances happened. For tlie ihaloup being
tied atthe Barkc, was (Iricken with a fen fo rougiily, that
with her nofc, fliee brake all the hindci part of the faid
barkcjwhcrein Monfteur D c P oHtrtmokrt and others were.
And moreouernot beingabletogetto thepailageof the
faid Port Roy all, the tide (which runfttth fwittly inthat
place) carried them towards the hottotnoi Bay Frar.^oijet
from whence they came not foorth eafily , and they were in
as great danger as euerthcy were before, for as much as
fcckingto returne from whence they came,they faw them-
fclues carried with the windcaud tide towards the Coady
which is high rocket and downe fales, where, vnleflc they
had doubled a certaine point that threatned them of wrakc
they had beene caft away. But God will , in high cnter-
prifcs , trie the conftancy of them that fight for his name,
and fee ifthey will wauer : He bringeth them to the doorc
of dcath,and yet holdcih them by the hand,to the end they
fall not into the pit,a$ it is written : It us I^it u /, andthere
is none other God with me, J kiJL nnd make dime : J wound,
and 1 he ale : and there isnohody that may deliuerany out of
my hand. So we haue faid heerctoforc, and feene by cffeft,
that althou2;h in thofe Nauisiations a thoufand danglers
haue prcfcntcd themfelues, notwithdandingnot one man
hath beene loft by the fea, although that of them, which
doc onely go for filliing, and to trade for skins, many there
be that perilli there : witneflc foure hllicr men of S. Afalof,
that were fwallowed vp in the watcrs,bcing gone afifhing,
when as we were vpon our returne into France : God be-
ing willing that ws (hould acknowledge to hold this be-

nefk

Nfittd FrMHcia* lo^

ncfit of him , and to manifcfl by that meancs his glory, to
the ctd chat fcndbly men may lee that it is he, vs hich is the
author of chefe holy enterprifcs, wliich are not made ofco-
uctoiuiies,noi by vniudeffufionof blood, butofazcalcto
cflaL'iili his name and his greatncfTe among nations that
haue no knowledge of him. Now after fo many heauenly -
fauoiirs , it is the part of them th«it haue receiued thcm> to
fay as the Kingly Pftlmifi, well beloued of God :

Tft fieuertheleffe by tky right handthoH hotdfi me cuerfajl : pfjj^ -. y^^^

yirid with thy coHmJelt doft me guide t o glory at t he lafl, » 3 • » 4 •

JVhAt thifjg is there that I can mjh but thee m Heaucn aboue ^
And in the Earth there is nothing Uke thee that I can loue.

After many perils ( which I will not compare to tl>em
of Vlyjfes^rxox otiy£neas , fearing to defile our holy voya-
ges with piophane impurity ) LMonJieur De PsHtrin- Theaniuall
^(»«r^ arriued in Port Royallthc 14. day of Nouembcr, l[^,l^[ZT
where we receiued him ioyfuily, and with a folemnity al-
together new in that part. For about the time that we ex-
pe^ed his rccurne (with great defire, and that fo much the
ipore, that if any harmehad happened him, we had beene
in danger to haue confliHon among our felues) laduifcd
my fclfc to (hew feme iollity going to meet him, as wc did.
And for as much as it was in French verfes made in hafle,!
haue placed them with the LMu/es ofNoua Francia by the
t\dco[ Nep tunes Theavery whereunto 1 refer the Reader.
Moreouer to giue greater honour to the rcturnc, and to our
a^^ion , wc did place ouer the gate of our Forr, the Armei
of France , enuironed with Laurcll Crownes ( whereof
there is great flore along the woods fides) with the Kings
psefie , Duo pr^tegit vnm. And vnder , the Armes of
LMonJieur DeUMonts , with this infcription, DabitDew
his cfuoquefincm : A nd thofe of Aionjieur D e T* outrinccurt ^
with this ocher infcription, InuiavirtutinuUa efi viHjho^
ofthemaifo enuironcd with garlands of Bayes.

o 3

Chap.

1X9

Mfi4 Frdmia^

The ftate of
Come.

Coales.
Thcvfeofthe
compafle in
land voiagcs.

The inftituti-
on of the or-
der of Jifon

. ^ ^ Chap. XVl.

The condition of the come which they [owed : the inflitHtion of
the order of Bon temps : the hehamour of the Saaages among
the Frenchmen : t he fiat e of winter : why mines and foggcs be
rare in this feafon : whyrame is frequent hetweenc the tro"
picks : fnow profitable tot he ground : t he fiat e of January :
conformity of weather in the ancient and New France :
JVhy thejpring inflow : the tilling of gardens : their
Crop : a water Mill: a Manna of Herrings :
preparation for thereturne : Monfieur
Dc Poutrincourts innenuon :
the Sanages admiration:
Newes from
France,

THc publike rcioycing being ^t\\{)citAiU\fonfieur De
'Foutrincourt had a care to fee his cornc, the greatefl
part whereof he had fowcd two leagues ofFfrom our
Fort, vp the riuer V Squille : and the other part about our
faid Fort : and found that which was firll fowen very for-
ward, but not the lad, that had beene fowed the (ixth and
ten daics of Nouember, which notwithftanding did grow
vnder the fnow, during Winter, as I haue noted it in my
fowings.lt would be a tedious thing to particularife all that
was done amongftvs during Winter : as to tell how the
faid LMonfeurDe Tontrincourt caufcd many times coales
to be made , theforge-coale being fpcnt : That he caufed
waics to be made ihorow the woods : That we went tho-
rowtheForeftsby the guide of the Compafle, and other
thing^i of fuch nature. But I will relate that, for to keepe
vs merry and cleanly, concerning vi£luals,therevvas an or-
der eftabliflied at the table of the faid C^fonfieurDePou-
trincourtt which was named L or dredebon temps , the or-
der of good time(or the order of mirth) at firft inuented by
Monfienr Champlein, wherein they (who were of the fame

table)

!T^ua FrAttcla.

tabic) were cucry one athisturnc and day (which was in
fifceene dales once) Steward and Cater. Now his care was
that we fliould haue good and vvorOiipfuH fare, which was
£b well obferued , that (although the Belly-Cjodsofthcfc
parts doe ofccn reproch vnto vs that we had not La Rne
attx Ours of PiJris with vs) we haue ordinarily had there,
as good chcare as we could haue at La Rue aux Onrs^ and
at farre lefler charges. For there was none, but (two daics
before his turne came) was carefulltogoc ahuntingor fifii-
ing, and brought fome dainty thing, befides that which
wasof ourordu)aryallov\iance. So well, thatatbreakfaft
we neuer wanted fome modicum or other, of fifli or flefh :
and at thcrepaft of dinners and fuppers. yetlefTcj for it
was the great banquet , where the Gouernour of the feaft,
or Steward(whomthe Sauages doe {.^X^Ato^legt) hauing
made the Cooke to make all things ready, did march with
his napkin on his (houlder , and his (laffe of office in his
hand , with the colar of the order about his neckc, which
was worth abouc fourc crownes , and all them of the order
following of him, bearing cuery one a difli. The like alfo
was at the bringing in of the fruit, but not with fo great a
traine. And at night after grace was faid , he refigned the
Colar of the order, with a cup of wine , to his fucceflor ii^
that charge,and they dranke one to another. I haue heerc-
tofore faid that we had abundance of fowle, as Mallards,
Outardsy Geefe, gray and whit, Partrigesand other birds:
hemyofElians (or ttaggcflefh) o{ Caribous (or Deere) Be-
uers, Otters, Beares, Rabbets, Wilde-cats ( or Leopards)
JVihaches^nd fuch like, which theSauages did take, wher-
with we made as good diflics of meac , as in the Cookcs
ftiops that be in Larue anx Ours (Bearc ftrect ) and grea-
ter (lore; for of all meates none is fo tender as ElLws^t(h
(whereof we made good parties) nor fo delicate as the Bc-
ucrs tailc. Yea we haue had fometimes halfe a dofen Stur-
gionsatoneclap, whichthcSauagcs did bring to vs, part
whereof we did take, pay ingfor it , and the reft was pcr-
V* naittcd

III

Lti 1{ue aux
O«ri,or Bcarc
fhcctjis, as
Pic-corner,
or filch a
Cooke place
in London,

I ,:'

Store of Suir-
gions.

XI3

Npuj Trdnch.

Before ih

th9 Sauagcs.

mittcd tlicmto fell publikdy , and to inick it for bread,
whereof our people had abundantly. And as for theor-
dinaric meat brought out of France, that was d)ftribiJtcd
equally, as much to the Icaft as to the biggcft. And the
like with wine, as we hauefaid. In fuch aftions wc had al-
vvaics 20.or30. Sauages, men, women, girles and boics,
The vfage of who beheld vs doing our offices. Bread was giucnthera
gratis y as we doe hcere to tlie poore. But as for the Saga^
mas McmhertoH and ot'her SAgamos (when any came to vs)
th:y fat attable eating and drinkingas we did : aud wc
tooke pleafure in feeing thcni,as contranwifc their abfcncc
was irkcfome vnto vs : as it came to pafle three oi fourc
times that all went away to the places where they knew
that game and Vcnifon was , and brought one of our men
with thcm^wholiued feme (ix weekes as chey did without
fait, without bread and without wine, lying on the ground
vpon skinnes , and that in fnowy weather. Moreouer
they had greater care of him ( as alfo of others that haue o/-
tengone with them) thanof thcmfelues, faying, that if
they ihould cliance to die, it would be laid to their charges
to haue killed them : Andheerebyitmaybeknowcnthat
wc were not(as it were)pent vpin an Hand as Monfienr Di
Vf/legagrtonviSiS in BraflL For this people louc Frenchmen,
and would all, at a neede^ arme themfelues for co maintainc
them.

• But, to vfe no digreffion, (uch goucmmcnt as wc haue
fpokcn of, did ferue vs for preferuatiues againd the coun-
try difeafe. And yet fourc of oursdied in February and
Marchjof them who were of a fretful conditio, or fluggifli.
And I remember I obfcrued that all had their lodgings on
the Weft fide J and looking towards the wideopen Port,
which is almoft foure leagues long, fhapcd oualc-wife, bc-
fides they bad , all of them , ill bedding. For theformcr
iickneflcs , and the going away of MonftturDH Ponty in
that maner as we haue faid, caufcd the quilt beds to be caft
away , for they were rotten . And they that went with the

faid

The Sauages
haue care o£
ihe French-
men.

Mortality.
Bad windc.

('■

N0UA Francid.

faid MonpeHr Du Pont carried away the (heeces and blan«
kecs, challenging them as theirs. So that fome of our peo-
ple had fore mouthes,and fwoUen legges,like to the phhi'
JtqHes : which is the fickncflc that God fcnt to his people
In the deferr, in punifhment for that they would fill chcm-
felues with flefh , not contenting themfelues with that
whereof the dcfertfumiflied them by the diuine proui-
dence.

We had faire weather almod during all the Winter. For
neither raincs nor foggcs are (o frequent there as hcere,
whether it be at fea or on the land : Therea{onis,becaufe
the Sunne bcames, by the longdiftance,haue not the force
toraife vp vapours from the ground heere , chiefely in
a country all woody. But in Summer it doth , both from
the fea and the land, when as their force is augmented, and
thofe vapours are difToIued fuddenly or flowly, according
as one approcheth to the Equino^ial line. For we fee that
bet wcene the two Tropiques it raincth in more abundance
both at fea and on the land, fpecially in Peru and Mexico,
than in JfricA , becaufe the Sunne by fo long fpace of fea,
hauing drawcn vp muchmoiftnes from themaine Ocean,
hee diilolueth them in a moment by the great force of his
heat; where contrariwife towards the New found lands
they maintaine themfelues along time in the aire, before
they be turned into raine or be difperfed : which is done in
Summer (as we hauefaid) and not in winter : and at fea
more than on the land. For on theland the morningmifls
ferue foradew, and fall about eisht a clocke : and at fea
they dure two , three, and eight daies , as oftentimes wee
haue tried.

Seeing then wee are fpeaking of Winter, wee fay that
raines being in thofe parts rare^ inthatfeafon , the Sunne
likcwifc (hineth there very faire , after the fall of fnowes,
which we haue hadfeuen or eight times, but itiscafily
melted in open places, and the longed abiding haue beene
in February. How fo cuer it be, the {now is very profita-

P blc

ix|i

ThtUfitt]
Numberi.ii.
vcrf. J 3. and
Pfalm. iq6,
verf. If,

Theftateof
Winter wca«
ther.

Why raines
and miflsbe
fcarfe in win-
ter.

Whyitrai,
nethbctweea
the Tr9fifHh

Snow is pro-;
fuable.

*I4

PHil. 147.
1 vcrHi^.

■J
1

jISeSB

Fiofts when
i; they are.

IImWB

1 The ftatc of
lanuary.

,1'''

i Conformity
J of weather in
1 Eaftand
i WeftFiance.

ifi

M Wherefore is
^ thefeafon
3 late.

blc for the fruits of the cardi , to prefenic them againft the
froft, and to feruc them as a fur-govv»c. Whic h is done by
the admirable proiiidenccof Godforthc prcfcruation of
men, and as the Pfahne faith,

HcginethSiiowlikewoollihorefrofi

Like afhes he doth ^read^

Like morfels cafts his Ice*

And as the skie is fcldome couered with clouds towards
New found landes in Winter time, (o are there morning
froftes, which doe increafe in the end of lanuary, Februa-
ric and in the beginning of March , for vntillthe very nmc
of lanuarie, we kept vs (lill in our dublets : And I remem-
ber that ona Sunday,thc 14. day of that Moneth,in the af-
tcrnoone,wc fported our fehie:s finging in mufike vpon the
riuer L'Eqmlle, and in the fame moncth we went to fee the
Cornetwo leagues off from ourfbrt,and did dine merily in
the Sunn-(hine : Iwould not for all that fay, that all other
yearcs weie like vnio this. For as that winter was as mildc
inthefepartSjthcfelali Winters of the yeares 1607.1608.
hauc becne the hardeft that euer was feene3it hath alfo been
a like in thofe countries, in fuch fort chat many Sauages di-
ed through the rigor of the weather , as in rhcfe our parts
many poore people 6c crauellers haue been killed through
the fame hardnelfe of Winter weather. But I will fay,
thai the yeare before we were in New France , the Winter
had not bcene fo hard, as they which dwelt there before vs
haue ceftilied vnto me.

Let this (V.fEcc for that which conccrncth the winter fea-
fon. But I am not yet fully farisfied infearching the caufe,
why in one and the felfcfamc parallel! the feafon is in thofe
parts oFNew Fianccmoreflowbyamoneth thaninthcfe
parts, and the leaues appcare not vpon the trees butto-
wards the end of the Moneth of May : vnlcde we fay that
the thicknelVe of the woods and greatnelleof Forrcfts doc
hinder the Sunnc from warming of the ground : Item, that
the country where we were is ioyningto the fea, and ther-

u * by

he
by
of

by more fubic£l to cold, as participating of Pf^/;^, a conn- /

try likcwifc cold, in regard of v^/r;V^ : And bcfidcs that,
this land hauing nciicr bccnc tilled is the more dan^pjfh,
the trees and plants not being able cafily to draw fapliun
their mother the earth. In rccompcncc vvhcrtol: the
Winter there is aI(o more flow , as weehaue heeretoforc
fpoken.

The cold being pafTed, about the end of March the beft Drefling of
difpofcd amongU vs ftriiied who fhould btft till the gardens,
ground , and make gardens , tofow in them , and gather
fruits thereof. Which was to very good purpofe , for we
found great difcommodity in the Winter for want of gar-
den hearbcs. When euery one had done his fowing> it was Good crop
a maruelious plcafure in feeing them daily grow and fpring ^^°"^ ^^c
vp, and yet greater contentment to vfe thereof fo abun- S*^®"*^"*
dantl y as we did : fo that this beginning of good hope
made vs almofl to forget our natiue country,and efpecially
when the fifli began to haunt frefli- water, and came abun-
dantly, into ourbrookes,in fuch innumerable quantity that ^cl!"
we knew not what to doe with it. Which thing when I ^ ^*'
confitlsr, I cannot wonder enough how it is pcfible that
they which hauebecnc inFlor'tda haue fufFercd fo great
famir.s, confidering the temperature of the aire, which is
there, aUnofl:, without Winter.and that their famine began
in the moneths of April,May and Iune,wherein they could
want for no tifli.

Whilcft feme laboured on the ground, Mon^eurDe xhc care of
Poutrincourt madefome buildings to be prepared, for to MonfiturVt
lodge them which he hoped (hould fuccced vs. And con- "P'^trmcouA
fidering how troublcfome the hand-mill was , he caufcd a f",? [^"^f ,h^j
water mill to be madc,which caufed the Sauagcs to admire fl^ould come
much at it For indeed it is an inuention which came not in- c.frcr him.
to the fpir it of men from thefirft ages. Afr.erthac,oui work- The building
men had much red , for the moft part of the m did almoft ^[,Ji^^^"*
nothing. But I may fay thut this Mill, bythediligcnceof
our Millers, did furnifh vs with three times more Herrings

P 2 then

$a.

ii6

Abundance
of Herrings.
Filchers.

Preparation
for there-

turnc.

Great oueN
fight.

Ttutrinceurt
hisinuention.

Bricks made
in New
France.

then waf nccdfull vnto vs for our fuftcnancc, Monpeur
DePoHtrlncoHrt maclctwo Hogflicads full of them to bcc
faltcd, and one hogfliead of Sardmes, or Pilchcrs to bring
into France for a (hew, which were IcftinourreturncatS.
tMaloes, to fome Merchants.

Among all thefe things thefaid AfortJieurDePoHtrirtn
f<?^r/didnotncglc£lcothinkconhis rcturne .Which was
the part ofawifcman, for one muft ncuer put fo much
truft in mens promifcs , but one muft confidcr that very of-
ten many difafters doe happen to them in a fmall moment
of time. And therefore , euen in chc Moncth of April!, he
made two Barkes to be prepared , a great one and a fmail
one, to come to fecke out French-lhips towards CampfeaHy
or New-found-land , if it (hould happen that no fupply
fliould come vnto vs. But the Carpentry- workc being fi-
nifhed, one onely inconuenicnce might hinder vs, thatis,
wehadnopitchtocalkeour velTels. This (which was the
chiefcft thing) was forgotten at our departure from "^chel.
In this important neccdity , the faid Moijfieur DePoHtritt'
conn aduifed hirofclfe to gather in the woods quantity of
the gumme iiTuingfrom Firre-trees. Which he did with
much labour , going thither himfelfe, moft often with a
boy or two:fo chat in the end he got fome hundred pounds
weight of it. Now after thefe labours, it was not yet all,
for it was needfull to melt and puriHe the fame, which was
a neceflary point and vnknowen to our fliip-Mafte? cJWJ?^-
JieHrDe Champ-dor e , and to his Mariners, for as much as,
that the pitch we haue,commeth from NorwcgCj Suedland,
and D4n<.ick. Neuertheleflc the faid Monfieur BeVoutrin-
court found the mcancsto draw out the quinteflcncc of
thefe gummes and Firre-tree barkes : and caufed quantity
of brickesto be made , with the which he made an open
furnace, wherein he put a limbecke made with many ket-
tles , ioyned one in the other , which he filled with thofc
gumsand barkes : Then being wellcouered, fire was puc
round about it, by whole violence the gum cnclofed with-
in

f(iUd Tfifieia.

in theraicllctnbeckcineltecl,ancl dropped dcwnejntoa ba-
fon s but it was needfull to be very warchfull at it , by rca-
fon that if the fire had taken hold of the gum, all had beene
lofl. That was admirable, cfpccially inaman thatneucr
faw any made. Whereof the Sauages bang aftonied did
fay, in words borrowed from the fiafques, Eudiachatte Why the Sa,
Nermandia, that is to fay, that the Normands know many "^g" call all
things. Now they call all Frenchmen Normands, except Normands*
thcBafqueSjbecaufe the moft part of fifhcrmen'that goe a-
filhing rhcre,be of that nation.This remedy came very fit-
ly vnto vs , for thofc which came to feeke vs were fallen
into the fame want that we were.

Now, as he which is in expeftation hath neither con-
tentment nor reft vntill he hath that which he defireth 5 '
likewife our men , in thisfeafon had often their eies vpon
the great compalTe of Port Royall, to fee if they might dif-
couer any fhip a comming j wherein they were oftentimes
deceiued, imagining fometimes they had heard a Canon-
Hiot} other w hile to perceiuc a faile : and very often taking
the Sauages boates , that came to fee vs , for French fha-
,loups. For at that time great number of Sauages afTembled
themfelues at the pafTagc of the faid Port to gcc
to the wars againfl the ^rmouchiqmu^ as wf
will declare in the booke following. Finally,
that which was fo much expe£^ed
and wifhed for, came at length,
and we had newes out
of France , on the
Afcendon day in
the fore-
noonc.

Nieivetotttef
France,

P %

CvLkn

The old Sa-
uages haue
good fight.

Salutations
by Canon-
(hots.

> • • -s. •

• • . . * ; '• • ••* . '- •■

Chap, XVII.

The mrtHnltpfthe Trench : Monficur Dc Monti hUfocietji U

hrokfrt, andwhy : the conetou/neffe of them that doe rob the

dead : bonfires for the natimty of the Duke of Orleans : th^ de^

toting of the S an ages to goe to warres : Sagamos Mcmbcr-

tou I voyages vpon the coaft : ^rf^Fran^oilc: bafe trafficke :

thetowneofOmgoHdi : how the Sastagcj doe make great

voyages : their bad intention : afieele L^fine : The

voyces of Sea woolnes or Seales : the fiat e of the

lie S, Croix : the hue of the Sauages

towards their children : there'

tftrne into Port

RoyalL

T' He Sunnc did but begin to chccrc the earth , and to
behold his MiClreswith an amorous afpe£): , when
the Sagamos MembertouidSttx our praicrs fclemnely
madeto God, £nd the break-falt diftributed to the people,
according to the cuftom)camc to giuc vs aduertifment that
he had fcene a faile vpon the lake, which came towards oiH
Fort. At this ioy full newcs cuery one went out to fee, but
yet none was found that had fo good a fight as he, though
hebeaboue loo. yeercsoldj neucrthelclle we fpiedvcry
foonc what ir was, AfQnfienrDePoHtrincotirtyCz.wic^ in all
diligence thcfmall Barketo be made ready for to goe to
view further. LMonfie*jr De Champ • dore and Darnel Hay
went in her, and by the fi^ne chat ha d beene told them, be-
ing certaine that they were friends,they made prefently to
be charged foure Canons & i2.fawkonnets,to falucechem
that came fo far to fee vs. They on their part didnotfailc
in beginning the ioy, 6c to difchaige their peeces,to whom
they rendered the like with vfury. It was ondlyafmall
barkc vnder the charge of a yong man of Saint Maloes, xiTi-
mtdrheifcfJier, who being arriued at the Fort, deliuered
his letters to Ul^^onfienr De Poutrincourt, which were read

publikely.

Mud Frdncld.

publikcly. They did write vntohim, tliatfortohclpcto
iaue the charges of the voyage, ihei"hip (being yet the /o-
na^) fhould ftay dtCampfeati Port,thcie to fjfliTor Coddes,
byreafonthac the Merchants aflociatewith Monfieur De
Monts y knew not that there was anyfifliing farther than
that place ; Not withftanding if it were neceflary he ilioiiid
caiilc the lliip to come to Port Royall. Moreouer, that the
fociety was broken , becaufe that contrary to the King his
Eduft, thcHolIanders,condu£ledbyatraiterous French-
man, called La lennejfey had theyeare before taken vp the
Beiicrs and other Furrcs, of the great riuerof Canada -^z
thing which did turne to the great dammage of the Socic-
tie , whicli for rhatcaule could no longer furnjfh thechar-
gcs oi the vnhabiting in thefe parts, as it had done in times
paft. And therefore did fend no body for to remaine there,
after vs. As we receaued icy to feeour aflured fuccour^wc
felt alfo great grief e to fee fo faire and fo holy an enterprifc
broken : That fo many labours and perils pad fhould feme
to no effect : and that the hope of planting the name of
God and theCatholike faith (hould vanifti away. Not-
withftanding, after that Monfieur ^e Poutrwceurt, had a
long while mufed heereupon, hefaid, that although he
fhould hauc no body to come with him , but onely his fa-
mily, he would not forfake the enterprife. i< ^»
It was great griefc vnto vs to abandon (without hope of
returne ) a land that had produced vnto vs fo faire Corne,
and foraany faire adorned gardens. All that could be done
vnrill chat time,wa3 to finde out a place, lit to make a fctled
dweilirig,and a land ofgood fertility. And that beingdone,
it was great want of coura2;e to giue ouer the enterprife, for
another yeare being pafTcd, the necefficy of maintaining an
habitation there, Lbouldbe taken away , for the land was
fufEcient toyeeld things neceflary for life. This was the
caufc of that griefe which pierced the hearts of rhcm which
were delirous to fee the Chr.ftian Religion eflablifhed in
that country. But on the contrary , Monfieur D e MontSy

119

"The cotcnts
"of the letters
" VYfitttn to
"Monftcur Ve

i€
te

" The Socic.
'* ty oUlonfi^
^^ eur De Montt
" brokcn,and
*«v\hy.

**
Cr
cc

Monfieur Dt
ToutrittCOHrt.
his refolu-
tion.

The Englifh
nation going
to Virginia
with a lea-
lous intent to
plant true re-
ligion and ib
to incrca/c
Chriftsblef.
fed flocke,no
doubt he will
be their lea-
der.

110

itttnlUMrDt
Monti i$ cn«
uied.

Robbing
Iromthc
dead.

t .•

mr;

'" I

and his a(rociatcs,reaping no bcncfit,but lofTc^and hauiilg
no heipe from the King , it was a thing which they could
not doe^but with much difficulty to maintaine an habitati-
on in thofc parts.

Now this enuy for the trade of Beuers with the Sauages^
found not onely place in the Hollanders hcaits, but alio in
French Merchants , in fuch fort that the priuiledge which
had beene giuen to the faid Monjieur Ds Afonts for ten
y eares , was reuoked. The vnfatiable auarice of men is a
(Irange thing , which haue no regard to that which is ho-
ned,- fo that they may rifle and catch by what mcanes foe-
uer. And thereupon I will fay moreouer, that there haue
beene fome of them that came to that country to fetch vs
home, that wickedly haue prefumedfo much as toHrip
thedead, and Ileale away the Beuers, which chofepoore
people doe put, for their lad benefit, vponthem whom
they bury , as we will declare more at large in the booke
following. A thing that maketh the French name to be o-
dious, & worthy difdain among them,which haue no fuch
fordid e quality at all, but rather hauing a heart truly noble
The Sauascs and generous, hauing nothing in priuate to themfelucs,but
beef aaoblc rather all things common, and which ordinarily doe pre-
■*""ic. fcnt gifts(and that very liberally,according to their ability)

to th^m whom they loue and honor. And beddcs this mif-
chiefe, it came to pafle that the Sauages, when that we
were at CampfeaHt killed him that had fhewed them the
Sepulchers oftheir dead. I need not to nlleage heerc what
if(Prtf^^(;rtf recitcth of the vile bafencfle of King D^ir/Wjwho
thinking to haue caught the old one in the ned(as faith the
prouerbc ) that is to lay, great treafures , in the Tombe of
Th« fairc dc- Semirdmts, Q^ieene of the Bahylonians, went away altoge-
ceitoiScw»- ther confounded, as wife as he came thither, hauing found
r4mw. inita writing, altogether contrary to the firft hee had

' read, which rebuked him very iharply for his auarice and
wickednefTc.
Let vs returns to our forowfull newes, and to the griefe

thereof.

V ►

thereof. tMonfteur De Poutrincourt haulng propounded
to fome of our company, whether they would tarry there
forayeare, eight good fellows offered themfelues, who
werepromifed chat euery one of chem ihould haue a hogf-
head of wine, and corne lufficiently for one yeare, but they
demanded fo great wages that they could notaeree. So re-
folution was taken for the returne. Towards the euening
weemade bonfires for thenatiuityofmy Lord the Duke
oiOrleAns^ and began afreOi to make our Canons and fal-
conets to thunder outj accompanied with ftore of Musket
ftiots, hauing before fungfor that purpofe,7<? Deum Lan^
damns.

The faid ChenaUer bringcr of the newes had borne the
ofHce of Captaine in the Ship that remained at Campfeotui
& in this condition there was giuen to him, for to bring vn-
to vs ^\yL Weathers ,24.Hens,a pound of Peper,20. pounds
of Kice, as many of Raifens, and of Prunes, a thoufand of
Almonds, a pound ofNucmegs,a quarter ofCinamon^two
pounds of MaceS) halfe a pound of Cloues,two pounds of
Citron rindes,two dozen of Citrons, as many Orcnges, a
Weftphalia gamon of Bacon, and fix other gamons, a
hogQiead of Gafcoine wine, and as much of Sacke,a hogf*
head of poudred Beefe, fbure pottles and a halfe of oile of
Oliue, a lar of Oliues, a barrell of Vinegar, and two Sugar-
loaues : but all chat was lod through Gutter-lane, and we
faw none of all thefe thinss to make account of : Neuerthe-
lefTe I haue thought good to name heere thcfe wares,to the
end that they which willtrauell onchefeas may prouide
themfelues therewith. As for the Hens and Weathers it
was told vs that they died in the voyage y which we cafily
beleeued; but we defired , at leafl, to haue had the bones
of them : they told vs yet , for a fuller anfwer , that they
thoughtwc had been all dead. See vpon what ground the
confuming of our prouifion was founded. For all that, we
gaue good entertainment to the faid Cheualier and his
company, which were no fmall number , nor drinkers like

X9I

BonHres

made for the
natiuicy oi
the Duke of
Orlunt,

Refred^ings
fenc to Moit/^
eurdeT9Hfriii»
cour$.

A likoi idi
trickeplaied
to Mutifiettf D$
Tiutrinconft,

Sea prouifion

'li

ili

I I

P :i '

■ I
i i

i i

ofVifuii a
moi( Ion r

ing.

1 2,2 ^'^f^ Frdneia.

ThtM >yM to the late dcccafcd Monfieur Le Marquis de Pifkni Whi ch

made tlicm like very well of our company : for there was

but Cider well watrcd , in the (hip wherein they came,

for their ordinary portion. But as for the faid Che-

uahcr, euen che very firft day he fpakc of a returnc, A/on-

Jlenr De PoHirmcourt kept him feme eight daics in dslaics,

at the end whereof, this man willing to goc away, the iaid

ChfHaUerf brnJ LMonfieur De'PcHtrincourt putmeninhis Barkc, andde-

fp.eihcs tola tai ned him, for fomc report, thathchadfaid, that being

v'piHtrirt. come CO Campfean, he would hoifc vp fades andlcauevs

€Okrt,

there.

Fifccene dales after, the faid LMonfeur De 1^ outrincoun

fent a barke to Campfeatiy with part of our workmen, for to

beginto pull downc the houfe. Inthebcginningof lune

The Sniiges the Sauages, about 400. in number, went away tVomthe

goc to the dwelling that the S alamos Membertou had newly made,in

wants. forme ofa rowne, compafTed about wit'i high pales, for to

goe to wars againft the iy4rmoHchtqHois,\N\\\c\\ was at (^ho"

uakoet fome 80. leagues diftant from Port Royall 5 from

whence they returned victorious , by the (Iratagems

which I will declare in the difcription that I haue made of

this warin French verfes. The Sauages were necrc two

moneths m the alTembling thefefcUies thither. The great

Sagamos Membertou had made them to be warned during,

and before the Winter, bailing fent vnto rhem men of pur-

pofe,namely his two fonnes ABAudin^viA A^aHdinech, to

appoint them there the randez-uous , or place of meeting.

What man This Sagamos is a man already very old, and hath feene

MmbmoH is. C^n^t^Awz lam'^s ^l^rtier 'mr\\2iz couv\tiy ^ at which time he

wasalready married and had children, and notwithftan-

ding did not feeme to be ubouc^o. yearesold. * He hath

beene a very great warrier in his yong age , and bloody

during his life : which is the caufe why hee is faid to haue

many enemies, and he is very glad to keepchimfelfeneere

the French men, to hue in fccurity. During this gathering

ofpeople, icbchooued to make prefents vnto him, and

gifts

^ I

K0UA Trmu.

gifts of Cornt atidBeancs, vcaoffoinebarellof wine, to
tcaft his friends. For he declared to Monftenr De Pofttri/t-
court in thcfc words : I am the Savamos of this country , and
am cllccmed to be thy friend, ancf of all the Normands (for
focall they the French men, aslhauefaid) and that you
make good reckoning of me : Itwouldbeareproch vnto
me if 1 did not llicw the cflfefts of this louc. Aiid notwith-
ftanding, whether it be through cnuie, or othcrwife, ano-
ther Sag(imos^x\?imt6L Shkoudun, who was a good friend to
the French, and vnfained, reported vnto vs , that-^jfw-
bertoH did plot fonic thing againllvs, and had made an
Oration CO that purpofe. Which being vnderftood by
Monfictir Dc PoHtrincGurt , he fent iiiddenly forhinv, to
aftonilh h'm, and to fee if he would obey. Vpon thc^ru
fending he came alone with our men, not making any rcfu-
fali. which was the caufe thathewas permitted to rcturnc
backe in peace, hauing firil beene kindly vfed , and had
foinebotrellofwinc, which he loucth, becaufe (faith he)
that when he hathdninkeofit, hefleepeth well, and hath
no more fearenor care. This Membertou told vs, at our
firil comming thither, that he would make the King a pre-
fenrof his Copper Mine, becaufe he faw we make account
of Mines, andthat it is meet that t^tSaqamos be Curteous
and liberall one towards the other. For ne, being Sagamos^
eReemeth himfelfeequall to the King, and to all hi:> Lieu-
tenants : And did fay often to MonfetirDeToutrincoHrt
that he was his great friend,brother,companion and equal,
(hewing his cquahty by ioyning the two fingers ot the
hand.that be called indices jor dcmonftratiuc fingers. Now
although this prefent which he would glue to his Maicffy
was a thing that he cared not for, notwithftanding that
procccdethfrora a generous and good mindc of his, which
dcferucth as great praifes as if the thing had beene ofgrca-
ter value. As did the Perfian King, who rccei jed with as
good a will a handfull of water from a poore Country man,
as the greaccft prefects that had beene made vnto him. For

Q^s if

Mtmhertm
his declara.
tion.

Bad report
againlt J^^eM-
hertou.

Memhtttotu
cbcilUfiCc*

Memiiftou his
liberality.
A Copper

The Sauages

piaifcthem-

iclucs.

124

Voyages vp-
on the Coail
,of the French
Baj.

Salmons.

AfTcmlrlic of
Sauagcs a
feaiUng.

Filthy tra-
cing.

towae;

i^MemherUH had had more ^ he would haue offered ic Ii«
bcrally. "v ■ •• '>*v .- : -y ■

• Monfieur De Poutrincottrt being not willing to dcparc
thence, vntill he had fcenctheiffue of his expe5ation,thac
is to fay , the ripcneflc of his Corne , he dehberatcd, after
that the Sauagcs were gone to wars,to make voyages along
theCoad. Audbecaufe C^^W/^r was dcfirous to gather
fomeBeiiers, hefenthiminafmallbarke totheRiuerofS.
lohn^calledby theSauages, Oiiigoudi, andtothe He Saint
Cro;>;Andhe, tlizhiS MonJlcHr DePoHtrincourt, went
inafhaloup tothe faid Copper Mine. Iwasofthefaid
Cheualier his voyage : we crofTed the French Bay to goc
to the faid riuer , where, as foone as we arriued, halfe a do-
fen Salmons newly taken, were brought to vs : wefoiour-
ned there foure daies , during which, we went into the
Cabins oiSa,ga>mos Chkoftdnn , where we faw fome 80. or
1 00. Sauagcs , all naked , except their priuy members,
which were a making Tayagy{x\\2S. is to fay, abanquetting)
with the mealethat the {siid Chena/ter had trucked with
them for their old skinnes full of lice(for they gauc him no-
thing but that which they would caft away : ) So made he
there a trafficke which I httle praife. But it may be that the
odour of lucre is fauory and fweet , of what thing foeuer
it be, and the Emperor Ve^aftan did not difdaine to receiuc
in his owne hands , the tribute which came vntohim
from the piffing vcflcls of Rome.

Being among thofe Sauages , the Sagamos Chkoudun
would ncedcs giue vs the pltafure, in feeing the order and
gefture that they hold going to the warres, and made them
all to palTc before vs , which I referue to fpeakc of in the
booke following. The Townc of Ouigoudt ( fo 1 call the
dwelling of the faid Chkoudnn) was a great inclofure vpoii
anhill, compatlcd about with high and, fmall trees, tied
oneagaind another,aiid within it many Cabins, great and
fmall , one of whic h was as great as a Market hall , wher*
in many houlholds retired thcmfclues : And as for the

iame

ASmm TnncMn

fame where they made their T^hagie, it was fomewhac
lefTe. A good part of thefaid Sauagcs were of Gachep'e,
which is die beginning of the great riuer of C^^^^^fw ; and
they told vs, that they came from their dweUing thither in
fix daies , which made me much to maruell, feeing the di-
flancc that there is by fca, but they (horten very much
their waies, and make great voiages by the meanes of lakes
and riuers^ac the end of which being come^in carying their
Canowes three or foure leagues, they get to other riuers
that haue a contrary courfe. Ail thefe Sauagcs were come
thither togoe tothewarres with cJ^ifw^^rr«« againft the

Butbecaufe I haue fpoken of this riuer of OUigoudii in
LMonJiettr DeLMonts voiage, I will not at this time fpeakc
more of it. When we returned to our Barke, which was at
the commingin ofthe Port, halfe a league oflFfromthcnce,
(hcltered by a cauHe that the fea hath made there,our men,
and fpecially Captaine Champ-dore , that conduced vs,
were in doubt , led feme mifchance ihould happen vnto
vs , and hauing feene the Sauages in armes, though tit had
bcenc ro doe vs fome mifchicfe, which had beene very ca-
fie, for we were but two,and therefore they were very glad
of our returne. After which, the next day come the wi-
zard or Soorhfaier of that quarter , crying as a mad-man
towards our barke . Not knowing what he meant, he was
lent for in a Cocke boat, and came ro parly with vs,telling
\sr.\\Ui\\zArm§w:hiqHoisvitxc. within the vVoods, which
came to adailetliem, and th.it they had killed fome oftheiV
folkes that were ahunting : Andtherforethacwefhould
come aland toafflft them. Hauing heard this difcourfe,
which according to our iudgement, tended to no good, we
told him that our iournies were limited, and our visuals
alfo, and thatitwasbehouefuU fbrvs to begone. Seeing
himfelfe denied , he fa id that before two y eares were come
about , they would either kill all theNormands, or that
the Normands fhould kill them. Wcc mocked him and

Q^3 told

'X»5

GAch^fi is the
beginning of
the great ri-
uer olC^n^t/^.
How the Sa*
uages doe
make great
veiages.

The fubtilty
of an Autmoin
or Sauage /
Soothfaicr. 1

A Mine of
Steele.

Mi»4tte*

told him that we would bring our Barke before their Fort

to ranfacke them all ; but we did it not , for we went away

that day : And hauing the winde contrary, we (hekred our

feluesvnder a fmalllland, where we were two dales : du^

ring whichjfome went a (hootmg at Mallards for prouilion^

others attended one the Cookery : And Captaine Champa

dore and my felfe , went along the rockes with hammers

and chifels, feeking if there were any Mines. In doing

whereof we found quantity of fteelc among the rockes,

which was (ince molten by MonJienrDe PoHtrincoHrt j\^\{o

made wedges of it, and it was found very fine fteele, wher-

of hee caufedaknifeto bee made, that did cut as a razor »

which at our returne he (hewed to the King.

From thence we went in three daies to the IleS. Croix ^
being often concraried with thewindes. Andbecaufewe
hadabadconie^ure of theSauages, which we did fee in
great number, attheriuerof S./o/?;!, and that the troupe
that was departed from Port Roy all was yet at LMenane
(an He betweene the faid Port Royall and S, Croix) which
Go©d watch, we would not ti uft, we kept good watch in the night time:
Scales voices. At which time we did often heare Scales voices, which
were very like to the voice of O wies : A thing contrarie to
the opinion of them that haue faid and written that filhes
haue no voice. .

Being arriued at the He Saint Croix, we found there the
buildings, Lftthtre all whole, fauingthat the Store- houfc
was vncouered o^ one fide. We found there yet Sackein
the bottome of a pipe , wcreof we drankc y and it was not
much the worfc. A$ for gardens,wc found there Coale-
worts,Sorrell, Lettuces, which wevfedfor thckitching.
We made there alfo good pailiesof Turtle Doues, which
are very plentiful! in the woods, butthegrafTe is there fo
high that one could not finde them when they were killed
and fallen in the ground.The court was there.full of whole
caskesywhichforneilldirpored Mariners did burn for their
plcafurcsy which thing when I faw, I did abhor^ and I Aid

iudgc,

The aniuall
in the He of
Saint Ctoix.
Thcftatcof
the fame.

Turtles.

KfiUA Frdficid.

117

iudgc, better than before, that the Sauages were (being .jj^^ g
Icffe ciuilized) more humane and honcftcrmen, than ma- ofbettwnf!*
nythat bearc the name of ChnftianSjhauing, during three turc than ma,
ycaics, fpared that place , wherein they had not taken fo nyChniliani,
much as a peeceof woodjnor falr,which was there in great
quantity, as hard as a rocke.

Going from thence , we cad anker among a great mim- a number of
her of confufed Iles,where we heard fomc Sauages, and we lies,
did call to make them come to vs. They anfwered vs with
the like call. Whereunto one of ours replied, OUen Ktrau ?
that is to fay, fVhtt areye 5 they would not difcouer them-
felues. But the next day Oagimont, the Sagamos of this ri-
uer, came to vs, and we knew it was he whom we heard.
He did prepare to follow Membertou and his troupe to th'c
warres, where he was grieuoudy wounded, as I haue faid
in my verfes vpon this matter. This Oagtmont hath a
daughter about clcuen y cares old , who is very comly,
which MonJieurDePoHtrtncourt defired to haue, and hath The louc of
oftentimes demanded her ofhim to giue her to the Queene, ^^^ Sauagcs
promifing him that he (hould neuer want Corne , nor any [^j ^
thing elfej but he would neuer condifcend thereto.

Being entred into our Barke he accompanied vs, vntill
we came to the broad fea, where he put himfelfe in his fha-
loup toreturne backe^ and for vs we bent our courfefor
PortRoyall, where wearriued before day, but we were Arriuall into
before our Fortjiuft atthe very pointthat faire ^uroraht- PortRoyall
gan to ihe w her reddy chcekes vpon the top of our woody
hilsj euery bodic was yet afleepe, and there was but one
that rofe vp, by the continuall barking of dogges ; but wc
made the reftfoone to awake, bypealesof Musket (hots
and trumpets-found. Monjieur DeT^outr incofirtwsis hut
the day betbre,arriued from his voyage to the mines, whi-
ther we haue faid that he was to goe : and the day before
that, was the Barke arriued that had carried pare of our
workmen to Ccmpfean. So that all being afTemblcd, there
retted nothing more than to prepare things ncccITary for

u.'->:

our

! II

"12% ^^^^ TnncU.

oiir (hipping. And in this bufincs our Water -Mill did vft
very §ood feruice, for otherwife there had been no tneancs
to prepare meale enough for the voyagc,but in the end wc
had more than we had need of, which was giuen to the Sa«
uages , to the end to haue vs in remembrance.

Cha p. XVIII.

The Pert de Campfeau : our departnre from Port Roy all :

fogs of eight dates continuAnce : a Raine-ifoiv appear mgw the

water : the Port Dc Saualet : ti/Uge an honourable exercife :

the Sauagesgriefe at Monficur Dc Poutrincourts going

anvay ; retnrne into France: voyage to Mount Saint

Michael : frnits of New France prefentedto

the King: avoyagemto Nerv Frame

after the faid Monficur Dc

Poutrincourt hit re*

turne,

VFon the point that we (houldtake our leaue ofPort
Royally AfonfieurDe Poutrinconrt fent his men, one
after another, to finde out the (hip at Campfeau ^
which is a Port being bctwcenc fcucn or eight Hands,
where (hips may be(heltercd from windcs : and there is a
Bay of aboue i ^.leagues depth,and 6.or7. leagues broad.
The faid place being diClant from Port Royall aboue 150.
leagues. We had a great Barke, two fmall ones, and a (ha-
loup. In one of the fmall Barkesfome men were (hipped
chat were fent before. Andthe30. of luly theothertwo
went away. I was in the great one,condufted by Monjieur
De Champ' dore. But Monjieur De Poutrincourt ^ defirou s
to fee an end of our fowed corne, tarried till ic was ripe, and
remained there eleuen daies yet after vs. In the meane time,
ourfirfl: iourny hauingbeenethepafTageofPort Royall,
the next day , miftes came and fprcad themfelues vpon
thefca, which continued with vs eight whole daies : du-
ring which , all wc could doe was to get to Cap De SabU,
which wcfaw not.

Thedifcripti-
on of the Pore
Vt Cumfftau,

The parting
from Port
Royal!.
Eight daies
mul.

ill

InthcCc ^tmmcrian darkncflcs, hauing one (Jaj'cafl an-
ker in the fca, by rcafon of the night, our anker driucd in
fuchfort, that in the morning, the tide had carried vsa-
mong Hands j and I marucll that we were not caft awaj',
flrikmg againft fome rocks. Butfbr vidluals, vvc wanted
fbrnotilh, for in halfc an houres fifhingwe mif^ht take
Codde enough for to feed vs a fortnight, and of thcfaircll
and farted: that eucr I faw , being of the colour of Carpes 5
which I haue neuer knowen nor noted , but in this part of
thefaid CapDeSa^/e»^v^\\ich after we had paffed, the ride
(which is fvvifcinthis place) brought vsin lliorttimcaj
farre as to the Port ^De La Heue, thinking that we were no
further than the PortDtiMouton. Therewetariedtwo
daics, and in the very fame Port we faw the Coddes bite^t
the hooke. We found there ftorcofred Goofeberies, and
nA^arcaffiteofQo^^ti Mine : wcalfo made there fomc
trucking with the Sauages forskinnes.

From thence forward we hadwindeat will, anddu*
ring that time it happened once, that being vpo the hatch-
es, 1 cried out to our Pilotc Monjieur De (^hamfdorct that
we were ready to ftrike, thinking I had feene the bottomc
ofthefea^butl wasdeceiuedby thcRaine-bow which did
appearc with all his colours in the water , procured by the
(hadow , that our boarefpright faile did make oucr the
fame, being oppofitc to the Sunnc , which afemblinghis
beames, within the hollownefTe of the fame faile, as it doth
within the clouds, thofe bearnes were forced to make a re-
ucrberation in the water, and to fhcw foorth this wonder.
In the end we arriued within fourc leagues oi C^mpfeauy at
a Portjwherc a good old man of Saint lohn Dc Ltts, called
Captaine Smalct , receiucd vs with all the kindncdein
the world. And for as much as this Port ( which is little,
but very fairc)hath no namc,I haue qualified it in my Qco-
graphicali Map, with the name ofSaunief. This good ho-
ncft man told vs that the fame voyage was the 42. voyage
that he had made into thofe parts, and ncuerchelcde the

New-

lap

Peril!.

Abiindincc

of flirt Cod-

Port Di U

The Raine-

bow appca*

inginthe

water.

1,1 ,:' I

VoTt Sauitkt,

4 z. voyages
made in New
foundhnd.

■

1 j ;'

i! j Goodfifliing.

■iiif -
ji 1

, Sauagesvn-

porcunate.

j X Jo. Leagues
!i offthcy feare
» theFrench-
!! men, inhabi-
M ted beyond
ii! that.

it.ft

ill

■

\ i kindneile.

1 1

: i
(

i o' '

f i

J ^ •

iVb/ii Francid.

New-foimd-Iancl-men do make buc one in a yearc. He was
manielloufly pleafed with his filliing-, and told vs morco-
uerthac hetookc eiieryday fifty Ciowncs worth of fidi,
and that his voyage would bewoorth looo. pounds. He
paied wages to 1 6 men , and his veflell was of 8o. tunnes,
which could carry loooc^. dry filhcs. He was fometimes
vexed with the Sauagcs that did cabine there , who too
boldly and impudently went into his fliip, and carried a-
way from him what they lifted. And for to auoid their
troublefomc behauiour, he threatned them that we would
come thither , and that we would put them all to the edge
of thefwordjifthey did him wrong.This did feare them,&
they did him not fo much harmc, as otherwife they would
haue done. Notwithftanding whcnfocner the Fifhermcn
came with their (haloups full of fi(h , they did chufe what
feemed good vnto them, and they did not care for Codde,
but rather tookcC^tW/*f, or Whitings, Barfes or fletaMs,SL
kind of very great Turbots , which might be worth hcere
in Paris aboue foure crowncs apeece, and paraducnture
fixor more,foricis amaruellous good meat,fpecially when
they be great, and of the thickneffcof fix fingers, as are
thofe that be taken there. And it would haue beene very
hard to bridle their infolency , bccaufc that for to doe it,
one fhould be forced to haue alwaies weapons in hand, and
fo the worke fliould be left vndone. The good nature and
honefty of this man was extended, not onely to vs, but al-
fo to all our people that pad'ed by his Port , for it was the
paQage to goe and come from Po* t Royall. But there were
lome of them that came to fetch vs home , who did worfe
than the Sauages, vfinghim as the Souldicr doth thepoore
peafan, or country Farmer, hcere : a thing which was ve-
ry grieuous for me to hcarc.

We were4. daies there,by reafon of the contrary wind.
Then came wc to Cam^fean, where wc taried for the other
Barkc, which came two daies after vs. And as for. LMon-
ficurDe Po:4trincoHrt , as fooncashc faw that the cornc

^ud Franclk

might be reaped, lie pulled vp (brae Ric, root and all , for
to (hew hearc the beauty , goodntfl'c and vnincafurablc
height of the fame. He alio made gleancs of the other
forts offeedes, as \Vheat,Barly, O.tcs, Hemp, and others,
for the famepurpofe : which was not done by them that
haue heerctof ore beene in 'Brajilt and in Florida, Where-
in I haue caufeto reioyce, becaufelwasof the company
and ofthefirft tillers of that land. And hcerein Ipleafed
myfclfethcraore, when I did fct before mine eiesouran-
cient father Noah.z great King, great Prieft,and great Pro-
phet, V hofe occupation was to husband the ground, both
in fowing of Corne and planting the Vine: And the ancient
Romane Captainc, Siranm, who was found fowing of bis
field , when that he wasfentfor, to condu ft the Romane
Armie: And ^umtm Cmcwatus 3who all dufty did plough
foure akcrs of lands, bare headed and openQomackt,
when the Scnats Harold brought letters of the Diftator-
(hip vnto him } in fort ,that this meffenger was forced to
pray him to coucr himfelfe, before he declared his Embaf-
fage vnto him. Delighting my felfe in this exercifc, God
hath blcded my poore labour , and I haue had in my gar-
den asfairc wheat as any can be in France , whereof the
faid Monpeur De PoutrincoHrt gaue vnto mee a gleane,
when he came to the faid Port De Campfeau.

He was ready todcpartfrom Port Royall, when Mem-
hertoH and his company arriued , viftorious ouer the Ar-
tnoHchiqnois, And becaufe I haue made a defcription of
this war in French Verfcs , I will notheere trouble my pa-
per with it, being defirous rather to be briefe, than to feeke
out new nijatter. At the inftant requcft of the faid Member^
?o« he taried yet one ddy.But it was pitious to fee at his de-
parting, thofe poore people weepe, who had beene al-
Waies kept in hope thatfomc of oursfhould alwaies tarry
with them. In the end promifc was made vnto them, that
the yeare following, houQiolds and families (hould be fent
thither^wholly to inhabit their land, and teach them trades

R 2 for

^31

Exceeding
faire Cotne.

The tillage of
the ground is
an honoura-
ble exercifc.

Fairc Wh<^t

The Sauaget
returne {rom
the wars.

The Sauages
tearcsatthe
going away
of the French
men.

.•♦»i

'M! 'I

'h'

:t'; -^

ill

'ir

ItlJ!

■iij

■M

■lu

JJJ

Mcalclcfibc-

yhnfttMT Da
'P»tt!*in aurt
hisgoiwga-

way.

Thedcpar-
ting from
New France,

Tie fight of
the Sor-
hnt^ucs.

for CO make them liue as wc doc, which prottiifc did fome-
what comfort them. There was left remaining ten hogs-
heads of Meale, which were giuen to thcm,with the Goi ive
that we had fowed , and the pofTcflion of the Mannour, if
they would vfeit , which they haue not done. For they
cannot be coniilanc in one place, and hue as they doc.

The cleuenth o^ Aug\ift the faid Monjletir De PoHtrirt-
court departed , with eight in his company , from the faid
PortRoyail, inaShalouptocomcto C*2w/>yV^» .* A thing
maruclioufly dangerous to erode fo many baies and feas in
fb fmall a veirdl , laden with nineperfons, with viduals
necellary for the voyage, and reafonablc great quantity of
other ftuffe. Being arriued at the Portof Captainc iy^z/^/trr,
hercceiucd them all as kindly as it was pofTible for him:
And from thence they came to vs.to the (aid Port of Camp^
feaHy where we taried yet eight daies.

The third day of September, wc weighed ankers, and
with much adoe came we from among the rockes, that be
about the faid Campfeau, Which our Mariners did with
two flialoups that did carry their ankers very farrc into
the fea , for to vphold our ftiip , to the end llie (hould noc
ftrike againQ the rockes. Finally ,bcing at fea , one of the
faid flialoups was let goe, and the other was taken into the
JonM^ which befides our lading, did carry locooo. of
fifli, as well drieas greene. We had reafonablc good windc
vntillwccameneeretothe lands of Europe : But we were
not ouercloied with good cheere , becaufethat ( as I haue
faid) they who came to fetch vs ,prcfuming we were dead
did cramme themfclues with our refrefliing commodities-
Our workmen dranke no more wine,after we had left Poi c
Royall : And we had butfmall portion thereof , becaufi^
that which did oucr abound with vs, was drunke merrily
in the company of them chat brought vs ncwcs from
France.

The 2 6. of Scpcember wc had fight of the Sorlingucs,
which be at the lands end of CornevvaU in England, and

the

NIfUA Francia. ^35

the i8. thinking to come to Saint Aialoes , we were forced i\^^^ ^i
(for want of good wind) to fall into Rofcoff in BaCe Brc- Frjucc,
taignc, where wc remained two daics andahalfe , rcfrc-
Ihing our fellies. We had a Saiiagc who wondrcd very-
much , feeing the buildiiigs , ftccplcs , and Wind-mils in
France : yea alfo of the women, \\ horn he hadneuer feenc
clothed after our maner. FromRofcoff ( giuuig thankcs
to God ) we came with a good winde vnto Saint Maloes,
Wherein I cannot but praife the watchfull forcfight of owr
Mafter , Nicolas Martin , in hauing fo f kilf ally conducted
vsin fuchanauigation, and among fo many bankcsand
dangerous rocks, wherewith the coaft, fromthe Cap of
Vfhanr to Saint Maloes, is full. If this man be praife wor-^
thicjn this his a^tionj Captaine Fotttques dcfenicth no lefTc
praifes, hauing brought vs thorow fo many contrary
windes, into vnknowen lands, where the Hrft foundations
of New France haue beenelaid.

Hauingtaried three or foure daies at Saint Makes, Ahn- The voyage
JieurDe PoHtrinconrts fonne , and my fclfc,wcnt to Mount ^"^o SMU
^satit Michael, where wee faW the relikes,all, fauingthe
Bucklerof this holy Archangell. It was told vs that the J

Lord Bifliop ofAurancheSy had, foure or fiueyeares ago, y

forbidden to flicw it any more. Asforthebuilding,itmc-
ritcth to be called th« 8. wonder of the world , fo fairc and ^^' ^a^^\
great is it, vpon the point of one only rocke, in the raiddeft jj^^ vvorld.
ofthcwaucs, atfiillfea. True it is, that one may fay that
the fea came nor thither when the faid building was made.
But I will replie, that howfoeuer it be, it is admirable. The
complaint that may be made in this refpeft,is,that fo many
fairebuildingsarevnprofirable in thefe our daies, as in the
moft partofthe Abbies oFFrance. And would to God that
by fome ^Archimedes means , they might be tranfported n

into New France, there to be better cmploied to Gods fer- -^

nice and the Kings. Atthereturncwecamctofeeihefifti-
ingofOydersatC^w^/^. /'

Afterwchad foiorncd eight dales at Saint C>f/^/<?f/, we
1^ R 5 civnc>

r i ■

■1

«J4

T»»trimc»itrf
hisinduftry.

Hirucft of

King.

Mua FnncU.

came, in a Barkc, to Honflenr, vvhcrc MonJteurDtPoHtrm^
courth\% experience flood vs in good ftcad , who feeing
our pilots at their wics end, when they faw themfelues be-
tweene the lies oiIer<,y^nASare{v\ox, being accuftomed to
take that courfe, where we were driuenbyagrcat winde,
£a(l South-Ea(l,acconipanied with Fogs and rain)he tooke
his fea-chard in hand> and plaied the parrofa Pilot, in fuch
fort that we palTed the Ra^ BUnchart^a dangerous paflage
for fmall Barkes ) and wecnnieea(ily , following the coad
of Noriiiandie,to Honflenr jforwhich^eternallpraifes be
giuentoGod. yimen.

Being at Paris , the faid LMonfieur Be Pof/trmcoftrt pvC'
New ^"^^^> fented the King with the fruits of the land from whence he
carae, andefpecially theCorne, Wheat, Rie, Barly and
Oatcs , as being the mod precious thing that may bee
brought from what country foeucr. It had beene very fit
to vowthcfefirft fruits to God , and to place them in fomc
church among the monuments of triumph,with more iud
caufe than the ancient Romanes, whoprefented to their
country Gods and GoddeflTes Terminnsj Seta, and Seqefta
the firft fruits of their tillage, by the hands of the Priefts of
the fields, inftitutcd by ^mulwy which was the firll order
in new Rome, who had for Blafon, a hat of the cares of
Cornc.

The faid Monjienr DePoHtrmconrt had bred tenne OU"

tardf, taken from the fhell , which he thought to bring all

the Kine '** ^"^^ France, but fiue of them were lofl , and the other fiue

he gaue to the King , who delighted much in them 5 and

they arc at Fonteine Belleau,

Vpon the faire fhew of thefruites of the faid Country
Priuilcdgc of ^^^King did confirme to MonfieurDe Monts the priui-
Bcauers con. Icdgcforthetradcof Beuers with theSauagcs, tothecnd
firmed to to giue him meanes to eftablifh his Coloni*?s in New
Minjieitr De France. And by this occadon he fent thither in March laft,
Thccc (hips F^iT^ihes , there to begin Chriftian and French ComnK)n-
wealths > which God vouchfafc to blcfTcand incrcafe.

The

OiHsrdiS , or

wild Geefe,

feat 160%,

NouA Frdffeia.

TlicfaicKhips being returned , wehaiicliad report by
MonJieftrDe Champ-dorCy and ethers , of the ftatc of the
Country which wc had left, and of the wondei full beauty
of the Cornethat thcfaid MonJiettrDc PoHtrincourth^A
fovvcd before his departure, together of the graines that be
fallen in the gardens ,' which haue fo incrcalcd that it is an
incredible thing. Mcmbcrtou did gather fix or fcuen bar-
rels of the cornc that we had fowed : and had vet one left,
which herefcrued for the Frenchmen , whom he looked
for, who arriuing he fainted with three Mufketfliotsand
Bonfires. Whenit waslaid to his charge that hec had ea-
ten our Pigions, which wc left thcrcjhe fell awceping,and
embracing him that told it him, faid,thatitwasthe-^^-
charoa, that is to fay, the great birds which are Eagles,
which did eat many ofthcm, while we were there. More-
ouer, all great and fmall, did inquire how wc did , naming
euery one by his ownename , which is a witncffe of great
loue.

From Port Royall,thefaid Champ- acre went as farreas
Chonakofietythe, beginning of the ArntoHchiquois land,
where he pacified that nation with the Etechewins, which
was not done without folemnity. For as he had be gun to
fpeakcof it, the Captaine, who is now inftead ofO/mechin,
named Afttkoa.a graue man and of a goodly prefence,how
fauage foeucrhcbc, demanded that fome one of the faid
^fifc^e-wiw/fhouldbefcntrohim , and that he would treat
with him. O^gimoKt.Saaamos oi'thc riuer S. ^m.v,was ap-
pointed for that pur pofc, and he would not trufl them, but
vnderthe afllirance of the Frenchme he went thither.Some
prefents were made to Aftikou , who , vpon the fpeechof
peace, began to exhort his people 6c to (hew them the cau-
fes that ought ro induce them to hearken vntoit. Wherunto
they condefcended, making an exclamation at euery article
that he propounded to them. Som-c fine ycares ago Mcrji"
eurVeAients had hkewife pacified thofe nations, and had
declared vnto tbcm, that be would be enemy to the firfl of

thcna

Ncwes frcm
New Fnncc
finccour
comming
fiom thence.

It is very dan-
gerous to
rtachthe Sa-
na ge$ thevfc
ofgunnes.

Eagles,

ThcSauagcs
wifdome*

li6

Monftur
Chaml'Um IS
jiovT in the
liucrof.Cti*
nads.
Cattcli.
Fruit trees.
Virjfcs.
Hcmpc.

Toutrincottrt
his refolu-
don

l6op,

them that (liould beginnc the war,an(! would purfuc him«
Bucafter hisrccitrnc incoFrance« they could nor coma inc
thcrafclucs in peace. And the jirmouchtqmis did kill a Soh-*
riejtiois Sauage, called lAnoniac^ who went to them for to
truckc merchandifc, which he tookc at the ftorchoufeof
thefaid MonfienrDeMonts, The warrcabouc mcmioncd
happened by reafonof thisfaid murthcr, vndcrthccon-
^w^oiSii^Amos McmOertou : thefaid vvarrcwas made in
the very fame p!acc^ wivcrc I now make mention, that
MgnjUfir de C hmmpdore did trcacc the peace this ycarc;
AionJicMr CbampUin ii in another place, to wit in the
great riuer of Canada ^ neerc the place where captainc
/amcj jS^art$cr did winter, where he hath fortified him-
felfe, hauingbroughc thither houfholds , with cattell and
diucrs forts of fruitc-trees. There is ftore of vines, and ex-
cellent hempe, in the fame place where he is, which the
earth bringeth footh of it felfe. Heis not aman to be idle ,
and we cxpcdl fhortly ncwesof the whole difcouericof
this great and vncomparable riuer, and of the countries
which it wailicth on bothfides^by the diligence ofthcfaid

As for Monfieur De PoHtrincoHrt , his defirc is immuta-
ble , in this refolution to inhabit and adorne his Prouincc,
to bring thither his famihe , and all forts of trades necefla-
ry for the life of man. Which , with Gods helpc hee will
continue to cfFc^ all this prefent yearc \ 609. And, as long
as hehath vi»or and ftrcngth, will profccute the fame, to
liue there vnder the Kings obey fancc.

The fecond Booke of the Hiftoiy

of Kona Francia ^containing the fajhions and
jnancrs of life of the people there ^

and the fsrtilttj of the Lands And
Seas mentioned i\\ the
. ftrmer Bwkf. ,

The Priface.

^^ Lmighty Ccd^ inthecre^t'ienBf
"' ■ this V? odd ^ h^hfomuchdeligh*
ted himfelfe in diuerfity , that^
'whether it be in heauen , or in
the Earthy either vnder the fame
or in the profound defth of wa-
ters 5 the effect of his ml^ni And
glory doefhint in euery place. But the wonder that far
exceedeth all others^ iSj that in one and the felfe fame
kind ofCreaturt^ I meane in Man^ are found more va-
riety than in other things created. For if one enters in-
to the conf deration of his face y two [hill not he found
who in euery reJpeB doe refemble one another : If he
bee confidered in the voice ^ the fame variety full be
found : ifin the Jpeech^ all Nations haue their proper
and peculiar language , whereby one is difingmfhed
from the other. But in maners andfafhton of life ^ there
is amarueUom difference^ 'which (without troubling

S our

138

— -'■.■jtrjn*^; .=

^,i

0urfeluef in croftngthe Seas to bauethe exferletfce

thereof) we fee viftblj in our very neighborhood,

JSlovp fomfmuch as it it a fmsU matter to know ^ that

people differ from vs in cujlomes and maners^ vnleswe

know the farticulartties thereof i afmaii thing is it

likewifetoknow^ butthat^ whichisneere tovs : but

thefaire Science is to knowthemancroflifeofailNa^

tions of the Worlds for which reafon Vly fles hath beene

efieeme ■'. ')ecaufe h: h^djeene much and knowen much*

It ki thfeemed neceffary vnto me to exercife myfelfe in

this fecond hooke vpon this fubie5t , in that which

toucheth the Nations fpeken of by vs ^feeing thatlhme

tied my felfe vnto it, and that it is one of the befl parts

of an HiHory , vohich without it would be defehiue^

haui»^but (lightly and cufuatty handled hereaboue

thofe things thatlhaue referued to (peake of heere.

Which alfo idoOyto the end, ifitpleafe Godtotakefitie

fif thofe poore people , and to workeby his holyfpirity

that they be brought int o his fold ^ their children may

know heereafier what their Fathers were^ andblejfe

them that haue employed themfelues in their conuerfi-*

on y and reformation of thetr vnciuility. Let vs

therefore begin withman from his birth ^ and

bluing ingrojfe marked out what the courfe

of his life iSy we wiUconduB him to the

graue^ there to leaue him to reU^

and aifo to repofe our

felues.

Chap. I.
Of the Natimty ofLMatt,

tr ,'

;;;

3K^^^^ Hcauthour of the bookc of Wifdomc,
Kj&^.ni called Salomon 9 wirncffcth vnto vs a
moft true thing) that oilmen hauea Uke
entrance tntoth^ world, andthelik^gomg
out. But ech feuerali people liatk
brought fome ceremonies , after thefc
were accompliflied. For fome haue

wept, feeing the birth of man vpon this worldly Theater.
Otners haue reioyced at it , as well becaufe Nature hath
giuen to euery creature a defire to prcferue his o wne kinde^
as for that, Manhauing beenemade mortallby (inne, he
defireth to bee in fome fort redored againe to that lod
right of immortality , and to leauefome vifible image ifTu-
cd from him, by the generation of children. I will not
heere difcourfe vpon euery Nation, for it would be an infi-
nite thing. But I will fay that the Hebrews at the natiuity
of their children did make fome particular ceremonies vn-
to them, fpokenofby the Prophet ^*^f/>/r/, whohauing Eiech.i^
in charge to make a demondration to the Citieof Hi>r»/5i- yerU 3 . 4.
/fwof her owne abomination, doth reproch vnto her,
faying, that (heisiifued and borne out of the Canafktans
Country, that her father was an ^morite^ and her rria-
ther an Hittite, And as for thj ^W^(faith ht)mtbe day tha$
thoH waft borne thy nauellwas not cut, neither waFf thoHwafh-
ed in water to foften thee , norfalted with fait, nor any wife luViMm.l^fSu
fwadlediHcloHtes. ThcCimbres did put their new borne '*"•^'"'•^•
children into the fnow to harden them : And the French- j^ai*^^y\

S % men "^ *

' M

140

ad Maxim,

Vhihn , ...

men did plunge theirs into the riuer Rhine, to know ifthcy
vycrclcgitimaterfbr if they did finke vnto the bottcme they
were etteemtdbirtards, and if they did fwin me on the
water they were Jcgitiniace , meaning ( as it were ) that
French-men ought naturally to fv\ im vpon the waters. As
for our Sauagesof New France, when that 1 was there,
thinking nothing leilc than on this Hiftory, Itookenot
hecdof many things which I might haiieobferued : But
yet I rcmember,thac as a woman was dcliuered of licr child
they came into our Fort,to demand very inflantly for fomc
greafe oroyle to make the child tofwallow it downe be-
fore they giue himthcduggc or any food : they can ren-
der no realon for this, but that it is a cuftome of ions: con-
tinuance. Whereupon I coniedure that the diuell ( who
hath alwaies borrowed ceremonies from the Church , as
well in the ancient as in the new law) would, that his peo-
ple (fb doe 1 call them that beleeuc not in God, and are out
of the Communion of Saints ) fhouldbe anointed like to
Gods people : which vn^ionhehath made to be inward j,
becaufe the fpirituall vn^ion of theChrillians is fo.

"vU::

?IJ

'!.<";

I 'i

X H A P. II.

Oft he impojttion of names,

S for impofition of names, they giue them by tradi«
tion, that is to fav, they hauc great quantity of
names, which they chufe and impofe on their chil-
dren. But the eldeftfonnc commonly beareth his fathers
name, adding at the end fome diminutiue : asthecldcft of
©r fiiil boriK, (^Membertou lliall be called LMember tone his, as it were the
lefTer, or the yonger CMemherteu. As for the y onger Son,
he beareth not the Fathers name , but they giue him fuch
name as they lift : Andhee that is borne after him Hiail
bearehis name, adding a fyllable to it : as the yonger of
Membertonn called AUaudin, he that commeth after is
called ABandmech, So Memembourre had a foiine named

Semcoiidy

The dignity

of cMcrilMp

SliT»!Fi»R

Semcoud, and his yongcr was called Semeoudech, It is not
for all that a gcnerall rule, to addc this termination ech. For
PanQfiiacs yongcr Sonne (of whom mention is made in
Membertous wane againrt the c^rmoHcht^jHois , which I
haue dcfciibcd in the Mi ifes of New France) was called
PanoHiagues : To that thjs teiminationis done according
as the tormer name requireth it. But they haue a cuftome The chan^-
that when this elder brothcr,or father, is dead,they chan<^e i^gofn-Jmcs,
name , for to auoid the forrow that the remembrance
of the deceafl'ed mightbring vnto them. This is the caufe
why, after th? deceafe ofMememhourre, 5c Semcoud, (that
died this laft Winter) Semcoudech hath left his brothers
name, and hath not taken that of his fathcr.but rather hath
made himfelfe to be called P^^r^r ,becaufc he dwelt in Paris,
And after PanonUcs deaths T^snoniagHes forfooke his name,
and w?.s, by one of our men , called Roland: which I findc
euill and vndifcreetly done, fo toprophane Chriftians
names, and to impofe them vpon Infidels ; as I remember
of another that was called ^^r/w. Alexander- the Great
(though he was an Heathen) would not that any fhould
beare his name, vnlcllc he fliould render himfelfe woorthy
thereof by vertuc. And, as one day a fouldicr, bearing the
usimc of y^lexander, was accufed before him to be voluptu-
ous and lecherous , he commanded him, either tofbrfakc
that name, or to change his life.

The BrafiUens (as lohn D^Zm faith,whom I had rather
follow in that which he hath feene , than a Spaniard) im-
pofe names to their children of the firft thing that com-
meth before them , as if a bow and ftring come to their
imagmation , they will call their child Ourapacen, which
lignifieth a bow and a ftring, and fo confequcntly. In re-
gard of our Sauages, they haue at this day names without
iignification, which pciaduenturc in the firft impofingof
thcm,did fignifie fome thing, but as thetongues do change
the knowledge thereof is loft. Of all the names of them
that I haue knowcni I haue learned none , fauing thac

:fiH|!

fe m

!li

ai.'i! I

-U^

X4&

X I^0M Frincti*

Chksudun£\m5icAi2Tr(nvt : and OigouM the nm\c of the
riucr of the uid Chkouduntwhich (ignificth /<?/^^. Ic is ve-
ry ccrtaine, that names haue not beene impofed , to what
thing foeuer, without reafon. For jddam gauc the name to
cuery lining creature, according to the property and na-
ture thereof, and confequently names haue beene giuen to
men (ignifying fomething : Asy^^-<i«ifignificth-^<?», or
that which is made of earth : Enah fignifieth, the Mother of
altliuing : Ahel, weeding : C^in,poffeJJton : leftu, a S amour :
D iuell, a Slanderer : Satan, an aduer forte &c. Among the
Romans, fome were called LucitiSi becaufcthey were born
at the breake of day ; Others dtfar, for that the Mothers
belly was cut at the birch of him that fitil did bearethis
name : Inlikemaner£f»/«/«y, 7*i/<?, Fahinsy Cicero, ^c»
all nick-names, giuen by reafonof fome accident , like our
Sauages names , but with fome mcreiudgcment*

Chap. IIL

Cray4^. vcrf.

Of the feeding of their Children,

ALmighty God, fliewing a true Mothers duty , faith
hy the Prophet £fay : (/onawomaH forget her child,
and not haue compaffion on the Sonne of her womhe ?

Lmighty God, Viewing a true Mothers duty , faith

^fafpon on the Sonne of
This pity which God requireth in Mothers, istogiuethe
breft to their children , and not to change the food which
they haue giuen vnto them before their oirth. < But at this
day the mod part make their brefts to ferue for alurcments
to whoredome, and being willing to fet thcmfelues at eafe,
fi-ee from the childrcns noife, do fend them into the Coun-
try, where peraduenturc they be changed or giuen to bad
nurfes , whofe corruption and bad nature they fucke with
their milke. And from thence come the changelings,
weakeand degenerate from the ri^ht (locke whofe names
they beare. The Sauage women beare a greater loue than
that towards their yong ones : for none but themfelues doe
nouriih them : And that is general! thorowout all the Wefl:

Indies :

ilfr.

icofthc
Ic is ve-
to what
name to
and na-
giuen to
Marty or
Mother of
^ amour :
lon^thc
ere corn
Mothers
>earethis
:erOt ^c.

, like our

ity, faith
her child,
" reombe f
> giue the
od which
Sutatthis
urcments
esateafe,
be Coun-
en to bad
ickewith
ngelings,
)re names
louethan
clues doe
the Weft
Indies :

Indies: likewife their brefts are no baites of loue,as in thefe
our parts, but rather, louein thofe lands is madebyche
flame chat nature kindlech in euery one, without annexing
any arts to it, either by painting, amorouspoifons or o-
therwife. Andforthismanerofnurdng their children, are
the ancient German women praifed by Tacit us , becaufe
that euery one did nurfe their Children with her owne
brefts, and would not haue fufFered that another befides
themfelues Qiould giue fucke to their children. Now our
Sauage women do giue vnto them, with the dugge, meats
which they vfe, hauingHrft well chawed chem : and fo by
little and little bring them vp. As for the fwadling of them,
they chat dwell in hot Countries and necre the Tropickf,
haue no care of ic, but leaue them free vnbound. But draw-
ing cowards che North , the mothers haue au euenfmooch
boord, like the couerinv of a drawer orcupborod, vpon
which they lay the child wrapped in a Beauer fur, vnles ic
be too hot, and tied thereupon with fome fwadling band,
whom they carry on their backes their le^es hanging
downe : then being returned into their Cabins they fee
them in this maner vp ftraight againft a ftone or fome
thing elfe. And as in tnefe our parts ^ one giues fmall fea-
thers and gilc things to liccle children , fo they hang quan-
tity of beades and imallfquaretoies, diuerfly coloured, in
the vpper part of the faid boord or plancke > for che deck-
ing of theirs.

Chap. Ill I.
O f their lotie towards their children,

THat which we haue faid euen now , is a part of true
loue, which doth (hame che Chriftian women. But
after che Children be weaned, and at all cimes, they
loue them all, obferuing this law that Nature hach grafced
in the hearts of all creatures ( except in leaud fbppery wo-
men) to haue care of them. And when itis qucftionto de-
mand

^43

ilP

f i

144

The caiifc
why the Sa-
lugcs louc
their children
iMorcthanwe
doc in thcfe
parts.

Gcnf. 1, veif,
a8.

Meanes to
cafe the fami-
hcs of France,

mandofthcmfomfi of their children (I fpcakc o£ the S(^u^
riqfiois , in whofe land wc dwelt ) for to bring them into
France,they wil not giue them :but if any one ot them doth
yccldvntoicjprefcnts muft be giuen vnto him, befides large
promifes. We haue alreadie fpoken ofthis at the end of the
17. chapter. Sothcnifinde thatthey hauc wrong to be
called Barbarous, feeing that the ancient Romans were
far more Brabarous than they , who oftentimes fold their
children for to hauc meanes to liuc. Now that which can-
fcth them to loue their children more than wc doe in thcfc
parts is , that they are the maintenance of their fathers in
their old age , whether it be to helpe them to liuc, or to de-
fend them from their enemies : And nature conferueth
wholly in them her right m this refpeft. By reafon where-
of that which they wifli mollis to hauc number of chil-
dren, to be thereby fo much the mightier, as in the firft age
of the world, when virginity was a thing rcproouablc, bc-
caufcof Gods commandement to man and women to in-
crcafe , multiply and replenifh the earth : but after it was
filled, this loue waxed maruellous cold, andchildrcn be-
gan to be a burthen to fathers and mothers, whom many
haue hadindifdaine, and haue verie often procured their
death : Now is the way open for France to hauc a remedy
for the fame. For if itpleafe God to guide and profpt* the
voyages of New France , whofocuer in thefe parts (hall
findc himfclfe oppreffcd may pafle thither, and there end
his daies in reft , and that without feeling any pouerty : or
if any one findcth himfclfe ouerburthenedwich children,
he may fend halfe of them thither,and with a fmall portion
they (hall be rich and pofleffc the land , which is the moft
afFurcd condition ofthis life. For we fee at this day, labor
and paine inall vocations , yea in them of the beft fort,
whichare often croffed through enuy and wants : others
will make a hundred cappings andcrouchingsfor to liue,
and yet they doc but pine away. But the ground neucr de-
ccaucth vs , if we carncftly chcriih her. Witncflc the fable

icm inco
cm doth
dcs large
id of the
is; to be
ns were
old their
lich caii-
: in thcfc
athers in
or to dc-
nfcrueth
nwhere-
rof chil-
cfirftagc
able, be-
icn to in-
ter it was
Idrcn be-
om many
jrcd their
a remedy
ofpt* the
arts {hall
there end
uerty : or
children,
II portion
tnemoft
ay, labor
beft fort,
; : others
►r to liue,
ncucrdc-
! the fable
of

Mm4 Fnnck.

of him, whoby his lafl: will and tcftament, did declare to

his children thar he had hiddena treafureinhis Vineyard,

and as they had well and deepely digged and turned it

they found nothing, but the ycerc being come about, they

g;atheredfo great a quantity of grapes, that they knew not

where to beftow them. So thorow all the holy Scripture,

the promifestliat Godmaketh to the Patriarchcs Abra-

hitmj Jfaac and Jacob, aixl afterwards to thepeopic of/fra-

ei, by themouthof yl/c/f/, is, that they fliall pofleilb the Toporfcflb

land , as a ccrtaine heritage that cannot pcrilli, and where a ^''<^ ^'^"^ ^s a

man hath wherewith to fuftaine his familie, to make him- ^ ncntage.

felfe (Irong and to liue in innocency : according to the

fpcechcs of the ancient C^/d?, who did fay, that common- TUn.hh.iS,

IvHusbandmen, or Farmers Sohnes be valiant and ftrong, "^^

and doe thinkc on no harme.

Chap. 5.

Of their Reltgioiu , >.

MAn being created after the image of God, it is good
reafon that he acknowledge, fcruc, wor/hip, praifc
and blefle his Creator , andthat therein he imploy
his whole dcfire , his minde , his ftrength and his courage.
But the nature of man hauingbeen corrupted by finne,this
fairc light that God had firft giuen vnto him,hath beenc [o
darkned, that he is becom therby tolofe the knowledge of
his beginning. And for as much as God (heweth not himfelf
vnto vs by a ccrtaine vifible fovmc, as a father or a King
might doe •, man finding himfclfe ouercomc with pOHcrty
and infirmity, not fetlinghimfelfe to the contemplation of
the wonders of this Almighty workman, and to fceke him
as he ought to be fought for, with a bafe and brutilli fpint,
miferably hath he forged to himfelfe gods , according to
his owne fancy : And there is nothing vifiblc in the world,
but hath becne deified in feme place or other : yea euen in
that ranckc and degree , imaginary things hath alfo beene
put, as Vcrtuc, Hope, Honour, Fortune, andathoufand

T fuch

lilii

1 1

1 ' ■•

11 < '

■4\

!;'l

1^6

I^olnteis in

fucli like things : Item infcrnall gods, and ficknefTes , and
all forts of plagues, cuery one worfliipping the thing s that
Jie flood in fcarcof. But notwithQanding, though Ttt/i'te
hathfaidjfpeakingof the nature of the gods, that there is
no nation (o fauage,orbrutifh nor fobarbarous,butis feafo-
ned with fome opinion ofthem: yet there haue been founds
inthcfe later ages, nations that haue no feeling thereofat
all : v\ hich is (o much the ftrangcr that among them ,thcrc
were, and yet are , Idolaters, as m Mexico and Virgima, If
\vc will we may addc hcereunto F/or/W^. And notwiih-
ftanding, all being well confidered, feeing the condition
bochot theoneand of the other is to be lamented, I giuc
more praife to him that worfliippeth nothing, than to him
who worQiippcth creatufes without either life or fcnfc, for
at lead, as bad as he is , heblafphemeth not, andgiueth
not the gloric due to God to an other, liuing (mdeed) alifc
not much differing from brutirtineffc : but the fame is yet
more brutidi that adoreth a dead thin^ , and putteth his
confidence in it. And bcfides, he which is not Itained with
any bad opinion, ismuch more capable of true adoration,
than the other : being like to a bare table, which is ready
to receiue what colour foeuer one will giue to it. For when
any people hath once receiued a bad imprefHo of do£lrine,
one mull roote it out from them before another may be
placed in them. Which is very difficult,aswellfor the ob-
rtinacy cfmcn, which doe fay , our fathers haue huedin
this fort : as for the hindrance that they giue them yvhich
doc teach them fuch a doctrine , and others whofe life de-
pcndeth thereupon, whodoefeare that their meanes of
gain betaken from them :cuen asthar/)cw^/r/»/thc(i!ucr-
Atft.i^.verfi fmith, mentioned in the -r^<^/ of the Apoftles. This is the
Tif % n ^^**^°^ ^"^'^y ^^^ Sauages of New France wil be found more
eafie tobc^^ cafietoreceiuetheChrifliandQcl:rine,ifoncethe Prouircc
coTuerrtd to be thorowly inhabited. For (that we may begin with
the Chriftian them of Canada) lames jS^artter , in his fecond relation,
religion. rccttctli that which I haue faida little before , in thcfe

words

Jumti Cartitr,

Tcs , and
ingsihar
gh Tfi/i'tf
It there is
is fcafo-
rn found,
hcreofat
m, there
^^iffia. U
lot wit h-
ondition
d , I giiic
an to him
fcnfc, for
idgiiicth
ced) alifc
me is yet
ttcth his
inedwith
deration,
b is ready
?'or when
doctrine,
r may be
)rtheob-
e hued in
m ys'hich
fchfedc-
jcancs of
hcClucr-
hisisthc
ind more
Prouir.cc
^in with
relation,
in thcfe
words

Nm4 Fnmcid^

words , which are not hcere laied downe In the former
Booke.

This faid people (faith he) hathnotanybcleefcofGod
(rhat may be efteemcd) for they belecue in one, whom
they call Cudoiiagm , and fay , that he often fpcakcth to
them, and telleth them what weather fhall fall out. They
fay that when he is angry with them hcecafleth duftin
their eies. Tliey beIceuealfo,that when they die they goc
vpinto the (larres , and afterwards they goe into faire
grcene fields, full of faire trees, flowers and rare fruits.
After they had made vs to vnderfland thcfe things , wee
Shewed them their error , and that their Cudoiiagm is anc-
uill Spirit that deceiueth them, and that there is but one
God, which is in Heauen , who doth giuc vnto vs all, and
is Creator ofall things, and that in him we muft onely be-
lecue, and that they muft be baptifed,or goe into hell. And
.many other things of our faith were fhewcd them : which
they eailly beleeued, and called their Cttdouagniy Agoinda,
Sothatmany times they requcftedour Captaineto caufe
them to be baptized,and the faid L ord (that is to fay , D (7fi-
nacona) Taigurngni^ DomAgaia^ with all the people of their
towne came thithcrfor that purpofe:but becaufe we knew
not their intent and defire , and that there was no body to
inftru^ them in the faith, wee cxcufed our felues to them
for that time, and bad 74f^^r/ij^»( and DontAgdia to make
them vnderftand that we would returne another voyage,
and would bring Priefts with vs and Chremcy telling them,
for an excufe, that one cannot be baptized without the faid
Chrcme, which they did beleeue. And they were very glad
ofthepromifc which the Captaine made them to returne,
and thanked them for it.

Monfichr C/7^w/>/««,hauing of late made the fame voy-
age which the Captaine lames ^luartier had made, did
difcourfcwithSauages, that be yetliuing, andrcporteth
the fpeeches that were betwcene him andcertaine of their
Sagimos^ concerning their belecfe in fpirituall and hcaucn-

T a ly

" The Saua-
** gcs rfligi-
*• on inCa.
«' aada.

« Thcflitc ^ \

" oribulcs \ \
" aficrdcaih, V"^|

/ /
i

•' People ca.
*« He to be
" conuerted,
" ^goiuda
" ligiiificth
" nitkcd.

((
cc

(C
(C

■i

ffi

♦i-v }

rcsbtlccfc

Ofthccrc-

acionof

man.

They be-
Icci'.cone
God, one

Mother,
^nd the

((
((
c<
<l
i(
((

<t
((

i(
(e
ti
<(

cc
Cc

cc
cc

cc
cc
cc

cc
(C

( i
cc

ly things , which I haiie thought good (being incidfiit to
this macter) to infcrt hccrc-,his words arc thc(c ; The me (I
part of them be people without law , according as 1 could
lee and informcniy fclfc , by the faid great ^V;{7c?w<?/, wlio
told mce that they verily bcleeuc there is one God, who
hath created all thineis. And then I asked him, fccine that
they bcleeuc in one onely God : by whatmeinesdidhte
place them m this world , and from whence they were
come ? He anfwcred mee, that after God had made all
tilings, he cooke a number ofarrowes , and did ftickc them
into the groundjfrom whence men and women fprupgr vp,
which haue multiplied in the world vntill now , and that
mankintle grew by that mcancs. lanfwercd Lim, that
whac lie faici was falfe : But that indeed there was one one-
ly God, who had created all things both in Hcauen and
Earth. Seeing all thefe things fo pcrfeft, and being no bo-
dy that did goucrnc in this world, he tooke flime out of the
Earth, and created thereof our firfc father <iy4dam : And
while he did ficepe, God tookc one of hrs ribes,and formed
Enah thereof, whom hee gauetohim for company, and
thatthisvvas thetruth that both they and we wcrcmadc
by this meanes J andnotof arrowcs, as they did beleeiie.
He faid nothing more to me, burthat he allowed better of
my fpeech thanofhisowne. I asked him al fo if hebelee-
uednotthattherewereanyothei but one onely God ? He
faid vnto me that their beleefewas : There was one onely
God, one Sonne, one Mother, and the Sunne, which were
fbure. Notwithn:andin2;,thar God was ouer and aboue all:
but that the Sonne was good, and the Sunne, by reafonof
the good which they receiucd of them : A r. for the Mo-
ther, jliee was naughrand did cat them •, and that the Fa-
ther was not very eiood. Illicwcdhimhis error a cotdin^^
to our fairhj whcreunto he gauc fome credit. 1 demanded
ofhimifthey ncner faw nor heard their anceftors fay that
God was come into the world : He told mehechadnot
fccnehim; but that anciently there were fiuc men, who tra-

uelling

Nona Franc'td,

cidcntto

s 1 could
Vos, VvIlO

d, who
cine that
sdidhte
ley were
made all
kethcm
mngvp,
and tliac
ini, that
one one-
men and
ignobo-
)iitofthe
m : And
d formed
my, and
ere made
beleene.
better of
hebelee-
lod ?He
>nc oncly
lich were
iboiieall;
reafon of
theMo-
c the Fa-
cordins
miandcd
5 fay that
' had not
who tra-

uellino;

X45>

" men whom
" thcS.ui.igcs
*' bclcsMic to
*' Iniic fccns
" God.
" Men trans-
*' ^onncAl ia-
*' to iloncs:

iielling; towards the fettinj^ofthc Sunnc, met with God, «» Of'fiiic
who demanded ofthcm, Wliithcr ^o yee? They anfvvcred,
We li^oe to fecke for our lining : God anfwcrtd them, You
iliaUltinde it heere. But they palled further, not making a-
ny accontic of that which God had faid vnto them *, v\ ho
tookeaitone and therewith touched two of them, who
were turned into flones : And he faid againe to the three o-
thers, whither goeyee ? and- they anlwered as at tliefiift
time : and God faid vnto them againe, PafTeno further,
you fhall findcir heere : and feeing that they found no
food they palled further : And God tookc twofiaucs, and
touched therewith the two formoft , who were transfor-
med into ftaues. But the fift man ftaied and would palle
no further : And God asked him againc,Whither goeft
thou? Whomadeanfwer, Igo to feekefor my liuing : and
God told him, Tarry and thou flialt finde it : and hcdaied
without paffing any further : And God gaue him meat,
and he did eat of it : and after he had made good cheare he
returned among the other Sauages , and told them all that
you haue heard. He alfo told me,that at another time there
was a man who had (lore of Tahacco ( which is an hearbe
the fmoke whereof they take ) and that God came to this
man and asked him where his pipe was : The man tookc
his Tabacco pipe and gaue it to God, whodranke very
much Tahacco. After he had taken well of it, God brake
the faid Tabacco-pipe into many peeces , and theman as-
ked him , why haft thou broken my Tabacco-pipe,and
thou feeft well that 1 haue none other ? And God tooke
one which he had, and gaue it him, faying vnto him: Lo,
heere is one which I giue to thec,carry it to thy great Saga-
mo,\a him kcepe ic^and if he keepe it weljie lliall not want
anything, nor any of his companions : The faid man
tooke the Tabacco-pipe, which he gaue to his great S^ga-
TTtOyVjho (whikft he had it)<he Sauages wanted for nothing
in the world : But that fince the (siidSagiimohsid loft this
Tabacco-pipe , which is the caufe of the great famine

T 3 which

'^ AnJinto
" llaucs.

cc
(C

f c

"Ofnno.
" thcr Man j
"whom the
"Sauages be-
** Iceuc to I
"haue OpO'
"ken with J
" God.
'* Tabacco,

ic !

c<
<c

I5»

. 'i ""

t 'i

,1 fi'

ivi;.;

• ' I

((

I doc not

\ •

which fomecinies they hauc among them. I detnanded of
hinijwhecher he did beUcue all thac^he told nie,yes,^ that
it wa« true. Now I bclecue that that is the caufc why they
fay that God is not very good. But I replied and faid vnto
him, that God was all good,and that without doubt it was
tlie Di\iell that had (hewed himfelfe to thofe men,and chat
if they did bclecue in God as wc doe.they (hould want no-
thingthat (liouldbe necdfull for them : That the Sunne
which they faw, the Moone and the Starrcs , were created
by tlie fame great God, who hath made both Heauen and
Earth, and that they haue no power, but that which God
(( hath giuen them: Thar we belecue in that great God, who
thinke that " by his goodncffc did fend vnto vs his dearcly bcloucd Son,
thisThco- « who being concciucdby the Holy Ghoil , tookc humane
logy "^^^^^^^ ficfh within the virgin wombe of the Virgin Mary, hauing
to thcfc " ^cc" ? 3 ^yceres on earth working infinit miracles,raifing vp
people, << the dead, healing the {icke,driuine out Diuels,eiuinghghc
thoueh one *< to the blinde,fliewing vnto men the wil of God liis Father,
f *Jai r eak " ^^^ ^° ^^^^^ ' honour and worfliip him , hath fpilled his
thci/lwi- '•* hloud , and fuffered death and paflion for v$ , and for our
guage* " finnes, and redeemed mankind , being buried and rifen a-
gaine,wenc downeinto hell, andafcended vpinto Hea*
uen, where heiitteth at the right hand of God his father.
That this wasthebclcefeof allChriftians, which doe be-
** leeuein the Father, in the Sonne, and in the holy Ghofl,
*' which be not for all that three Gods, but are one felfcfame
" andoneonely God, and one Trinity, wherein there is no-
thing before nor after , nothing greater nor lefTer. That
the Virgin Mary , Mother to the Sonne of God, and all men
and women that haue liucd in this world,doing Gods com-
" rnandcments, and fuffered Martyrdome for his name, and
who, bythepeimiflionof God, hauc wrought miracles,
* and are Saints in Heauen in his Paradife, pray all for vs vn-
to this great diuine Maicftie , to pardon vs our faults and
finnes,which wc do againft his law and commandcments :
<;* And foby the Saints praicrs in Heauen, andbyourownc

that

X€

<«

nded of
tAchac
ly they
lid vnto
n it was
md chat
^antno-
c Siinne
created
uenand

hGod
od,who
led Son,
humane
,hauing
ifmg vp
ing fight
; Father,
illed his
d for our
d rifen a-
ito Hea-
s father.
1 doe be-

Ghoft,
elfcfame
:re is no-
r. That
! all men
fd$ com-
me, and
niracles,
»rvsvn-
iilts and
cmencs :
urowne
chat

r-'ii

> l.

?(fUd Franeiu

that wemake to his ditiine MaicOie , he giueth vs what we
haueneed of, and the Diuellhathno power oucrvs ; and
can doe ys no hurt. That if they had this belcefe th^v
fliouldbeeuen as we are. That the Diuell (houldhot be
able to doe them anymore harme, and chcy iliould not
wane what (liould be needfiill for them. Then the faid S4
^^^w^faid vnto mee, that he granted all that I faid. I de-
manded of him what ceremony they vfed in praying to
their God : he told me that they vfed no other ceremony,
but that euery one did pray in his heart as he would. This
is the caufe why, Ibeleeue, there is no law among them,
neither doe they know what it is to worfhip or pray to
God,and liuethe mod part as brute beads : Andl bckeue
that in fliort time they might be brought to be good Chri-
dians, if one would mhabit their land, which mod of them
doe defire. They haue among them fome Sauages whom
thtyczWr Hot oHn J whofpeake vifibly to the Diuell, and
he telleth them what they mud doe , as well for warres as
for other things : And if he diould command them to goe
and put any enterprife in execution, or to kill a French man
or any other oftheir nation, they will immcdiacly obey to
his command. They beleeue al(b that all their dreamcs are
true J and indeed, there be many of them which doe fay
that they haue feeneand dreamed things that doe happen,
or (liall come to padc : but to fpcake thereof in truth they
be vifionsof the Diuell, who doth deceiue and feduce
them. Soidxxt Monfftir ChampUms xtipoxt. As for our
Sonriifuoisj and other their neighbours, I can fay nothing
clfc, butthatthey are deditute of all knowledge of God,
haue no Adoration, neither doe they make any diuine fer-
uice, liuing inapitifull ignorance^ which ought to touch
the hearts both of Chridian Princes, and Prelates, who ve-
ry often doc employ vpon friuolous things that which
would be more than fiifficient to edablifli there many Co-
lonies, which would be.are their names, about whom thcfc
poorc people would flockc and affcmblcthcmrducs. 1 do

not

tJJ

t%
it

(€
tt
Ct
<€
<f
<C

<« What Sa-
»' uagrf
« fpeakc to
« the Diucll.

cc
ce

« The Sau^i*
" gcs do bc»
" lecucHrm*
'« \y in
" dreamcs,

cc
cc

A leflon fhr
Chrilh.ira
Princes and
Prflatcs.

)

•i!
.'Ii;,,

!i:>a

" t

152

To nil forts

oipccpic.

Luk.ia.vcrf.
3 1'

iVtf//4 Francia*

rotfay they (liould goc thither inPcrfon, for their pre-
fence is heercmorcneceflary, and belidcs cuery one is not
fit for the Sea : but there are fo many pcifons welldifpo-
fed chat would imploy thcivifeliics on that , if they had the
meanes : They then that may doe it arcaltosicthervnex-
cufable. Our prcfentageistallcn, asoncmightfay, into
an Aslorgie, wanting both lone and Chnftian charity,
andretame almoft nothins; of that fire v\hich kindled our
Fathers either in the time of our fit (l Kings, or in the time
oii\\Q Crcifades for the holy land ; yea connariwife if any
venture his life, and that little meanes he hath, vponrhis
generous Chriftian worke, the mofl: part doc njocke him
for it , like to the SaUmandre , which doth not line in the
middeft of flames, as fome doe imagine , butisoffocolda
nature that (liee killeth them by her coldncfle. Euery one
would runne after treafures , and would carry them away
without paines taking , and afterward to liuc frolike 5 but
they come too late for it , and they Oiould hauc enough if
they did beleeuc, as is meet to doe, in him that hathfaid :
Seeke firfl the kingdome of God ^ and all thefe things [hall begim
ucn vntoyoH ouer and ah one.

Let vs r-curne to our Sauages , for whofc conuerjfion it
refteth vnto vs to pray to Godthatic will pleafehimto
open the meanes to makea plentifull haruefl: to the further
manifcflation of the Gofpell : for ours, and generally all
thofe people cuen as farrcasF/^^W^/^mclufiuely, arcvery
eafie to be brought to the Chnffian religion, according as
I may conicdure of them which 1 haue not fecnc, by the
difcoiirfe of Hiflorics. But I finde that there (hall bemorc
facility in them of the necrer ]ands,asfrcm Cap-'Bretonto
Aialciarre ^ bccaufe they haue not any (hew of religion
(for I call not religion vnlefle there be fome Latria and di-
uincfcruice) nor tillage of ground (atleafliasfarrcasC^^-
Hakpet ) which is the chiefcfl thing that may draw men to
belceueas oncwould, by reafon tjiat out fromthe Earth
commcth all that which is neccilaiie for the life , after the

gcnerall

I ■

?{jfua Franeia.

general! vfe we haue of the other Elements. Our life hath
chiefely need ofmcatidrinke and clothing. Thefe people
(as onemay fay) haue nothing of all that, for it is not to be
called couered, tobealwaies wandring and lodged vndcr
foure (lakes, and to haue a skinne vpon their backe : nei-
ther doe I call eating and liuing, to eat all at once and (larue
the next day,notprouidingfor the nextday. Whofoeucr
then (hall giue bread and clothing to this people, the fame
(liall be, as it were, their God, they willbeleeue all that he
(hall fay to them. Euen as the Patriarch Jacob did promife
to ferue God if he would giue him bread to eat and gar<
tnents to couer him. God hath no name : for all that wee
can fay, cannot comprehend him. Butwe call him Qod,
becaufe hee giueth. And man ingiuing may by rcfem-
blance be called God. Caufe(faithS. ^regorie Naziattze-
ne) that^hou beefl a God towards the needie, in imitating
Gods mercifulnelTe. For man hath nothing fo diuine in
him as benefits. The heathen haueknowen this, and a-
mongd others Plmj, when he faith, that it is a great fi^nc
of diuinitie in a mortall nan , to helpeandaidean other
mortall man. Thefe people then enioying the fruits of the
vfe of trades and tillage of the ground, will belceue all that
[hall be told them, inaftditftmaHris, atthefird voice that
Ihal found in their eares: and of this haue I certain proofcs,
becaufe I haueknowen them wholly difpofed thereunto
hy the communication they had with vs ^ and there bee
fome of them that are Chrillians in minde, ^ do performe
the afts of it, in fuch wife as they can , though they be not
baptifed:2tnong whom I will name Chkoudun, Captaine
(dim Sdgamos) of the riucr of Saint lohn , mentioned in
the beginning of this worke, who, whenfoeucr heeateth,
hfteth vp his cies to heauen , and maketh the Hgnc of the
crofFe, becaufe he hath feene vs doe fo : yea at our praicrs
he did kncele downe as we did: And becaufe he hath fccne
a great crofTc planted nccre to our fort , he hath made the
like at hi$ houfe^ and in all his cabin s 3 and carieth one at
\-iu V his

155

The right
meaneso
bring the Sa-
uagcs to ones
deuotion.
Gen. 28.10.

Grtr. TS^aT^M
in the oration
of the care
forihcpoorC"

!M?

M%j:

»,;.. \

[

Lib.I.chap.7,

.if

A conformi-
ty bctwcenc
the Armou-
chiquois and
tbenauirall
Virginians.
The religion
ofthc Virgi-
nians.

IJ§UA t ranch.

his brcft, faying, that he is no more a Sauagc,and acknow-
ledging plainly, that they arc beads ((bhec faith in his
language) but that he is like vnto vs , defiring to be inftru-
itcd. 1 hatwhichlfayotthismanjlmayaffirme thcfamc
almodofall theothers : Andthough herhouldbealonC;
yet hce is capable, being inilruftcd,to bring in all the reft.
The Armouchiquois are a great people, which haue
likewile no adoration : and being fetlcd, becau(e they ma-
nure the ground, one may eafilymakea congregation of
them, and exhort them to that which is for their faluation.
They are vicious and bloody men, as we haue faid heere-
tofore : buc diis infolencic proceeds for that they feelc
themfclues ftrong, by reafon of their multitude , and be-
caufe they hue more at eafc than the others , reaping the
fruits of the earth. Their countrie is not vet well knowen,
but in thatfmall part that wee haue difcouered , I finde
they haue conformitie with them of Vtrginia, except in
the fuperllitioii & error,in that which concerneth our fut-
ie^, forasmuch as the Virginians doe begin to hauefome
opinion of afuperior thing in nature, which gouerncth
hecrcthis world* They beleeuein many gods (as an En-
glifhHiftorian that dwelt there report cth) which they call
C^lontqaqy but of fundry forts and degrees. One alone is
chiefe and great, who hath euerbccne, whopurpofingto
raakethcworld, madcfirft other gods, fortobcmeanes
and inf^ruments, wherewith he might feruehimfcife in the
Creation and in the gouernmcnc. Then afterwards the
§tunne,the Mooneand the Stavres, as demy gods, and m-
ftruments of the other Principall order. They hold that
rhe woman wasfirft made,which by conmn^fion with one
of.Hiegods had children. Ail thcfe people docgeherally
beleeuethc immortality ofrhefoulc , and that after dcacli
goodtmen are ui reft, and the wicked in paine : Now them
rhatchty eftcemetobic the wicked ate their ehemies, and
tiicy the good mdn : Infuch fort rhat , in their opinion,
they fliall all after death be well at tafc, and fpccially when

■'■.

N0Uii Francui

lacknow-
aith in his
bcinftru-
: the fame
I be alone,
ill the reft,
licii haue
they ma-
gation of
faluation,
lid heeie-
hey feelc
, and he-
aping the
knowcnj
I , I findc
except in
hourfub-
laiicfomc
];ouerncth
as an En-
'\i rhey call
le alone is
rpofingto
bemeanes
fcife in the
vards the
Is, and m-
holdthat
1 with one
gehcrally
fter death
Jovv them
mies, and
opinion,
illy when
they

155

flieyhauc well defended their countiy, and killed many
of their enemies. And as touching the refurreftion of the Fa bulous
bodies, there are yet fomc nations in thofc parts that haue talcs of rhe
fome glimpfe of it. For the Virgimans doe tell tales of cer- ^^^""^^i""*
tainemen rifcnagainc, which lay ftrangc things : As of
one wicked man , who after his death had bcene neere to v

thr mouth of ?o/?o^fc'jy^(7 (which is their Hell) butagodfii- \

ued him, and gaue him leaue to come againe into the
world, for to tell his friends what they ou2;ht to doe for to *

auoidethe comming into this miferable torment. Item,
that yeare that the EngliQi men were therc,it came to paiTc
withm6o. leagues off from them (as faid the F/r^/w.iM/y^ '•-

thatabody wasvnburied, hketothefirf]:, anddidflicw,
that being dead in the pit, his foulc was ahue, and had tra-
uclled very farre, thorow a long and large way , on both
fides of which did grow very faircand pleafant trees, bea-
ring the rarell fruits that can be feene : and that in the end
he came to very faire houfes y neere to the which he found
his father, which was dead, who exprcfly commanded
him to returne backe and to declare vnto his frinds the
good which it behooucd them to doe for to enioy the plea-
fures of this place : And that after he had done his meffage
heftiould come thither a^aine. The generall Hiftory of M^fr.^r";*^
the Welt Indies reporteth, that before the comming of the booke, the
Spaniards into F^rt?/*, they of C^/roand thereabout, did 124. chap. \
hkewife beleeue the refurre£lion ofthe bodies. For feeing
that the Spaniards ^ with acurfed auarice . opening the
fepulchers for to haue the gold and the riches that were
in them., didcafl: and fcatter the bones of the dead heere ^

and there, they praied them , not to fcatter them fo, to the ,

end that the fame (hould not hinder them from rifii 2; a- \

gaine : which is a more perfedl beleefethan that of the i

.yW^s/^ct'/jand ofthe Greekcs, which theGofpcll and the
Afts ofthe Apoftles witnelle vnto vs that they ftoffed at "^' ^^* ""' '
the refurre.{lion, asalfoj almoftali the heathen antiquity Aa.i;. vcif.
hath done. ga.

V J Some

^ — --»»

'I m'ff\

■ 'i','

1^6

! »•

vcr. gi.3»«
S. Paul to the
Hcb. ch.ii.
at the end.

Orig. 2,
booke of
piinciplcSt

'--i

fit

;,<^

^W: .

';i

Hiu Hate Dei

Some df our Wcflcrnc Indians, cxpcfting this rcftirre-
Oion, haue eflcemcddiatthe foules of the good did goe
into heauen^^c them of the wicked into a great pit or holcx
which they thmke to be far off towards the Sunne fetting,
which they call Popogftjfo, there to burnc for eucr: and
fuchisthe belecfeof theVtrgima^ts : The others (as the
BraJiUans) that the wicked goe with Aignani which is the
cuiU fpirit that tormenteth them : but as for the good,
that they went behinde the Mountaines to dance and
make good checre with their fathers. Many of the ancient:
Chriftians, grounded vpon certaine places of Sfdras, of^.
Tyiulj and others, haue thought that after death our foules
were fequeftred into places vndcr the earth, as in ^brA-
hams bofomc,attendingthciudgementofGod : And there
Origen hath thought that they areas in a Schoole of foules,
and place of milru^lion, where they learne the caufesand
realops of the things they haue fccne on the Earth, and by
reafoning make iudgemcnts of con(e<juences of things
paft, and of things to come. But fuch opinions haue beene
leie^led by the refolutionof th€ Do Aours of ^y^r^o^^ in
the time of King Phiiip the faire , and (mce by the Coun-
ccWo^ Florence* NowjftheChrifiians haue Iwld that opi-
nion, is it much to tbefe pocxre Sauages to bee entred in
thofe opinions that we haue recited of them?

As concerning the worfhipping of their gods,ofall tliem
that be out of the SpaniOi dominion , Ihndenoneburthe
Virgimans that vfeany diuinc feruice (vnlefTc we will alfo
comprehend therein, that which the Fiondiam doe, which
we will recite hccreaftcr) They then rcprcfcnt their gods
in the fhape of a man, which they ca!l KevHhfovmck* One
onely is named Ke'uuai, They place them in hoiifes and
Temples, made after their fafhion , which they call CJ^/^-
chkomuck^^ wherein they make their praiers, tinging and
offering to thofe^ods. And feeing we are fallen to Ipcakc
oi infidels, I praifc rather the ancient Romans who were a-
bpuc 1 73. y cares without any images of Gods, as S, ^h^

. < gH^m

!■?■?

it!

>57

reftirrc-
did goe
or holcj
rfetting,
cr : and
( as the
chisthc
good,
mce and
p ancient
rofj ofS,
ur foules

bd there
of foules,
aufes and
h, and by
>f things
luebeene
Sorhoue \n
he Coun-
thatopi-
entrcd in

(fall tijcm
nc bur the
cw'illalfo
oc,v\hich
heircrods
ock. One
3.11 fes and
:all U^fa-
ging and
toipcakc
o were a-
s i*. ex///-
gufim

NoM FrMHcia.

guftm(i\t\\» NHmMpompiltHi hauing wifely forbidden to

make any , becaufe thac fuch a foolj(h and fcnfcles thing

tnadethemtobedefpifed, and from this contempt came,

that the people did cadout all fcare, nothing being better

than to worftiip them in fpirit feeing they are fpirits. And Plin.lib, t.

indeed Pliny faith : Th^t there u nothing which fheweth wore cap. 7.

the weakenejfe efmans mt, than tofeeke to dffigne fome image \

or figure to God. for in what part foeuer that Godfhsweth

himfelfe he is allfenfe, * all fight ^ all hearings allfoulet all vnMr^

ftandmg : and finally he is all of himfelfe , without vfingany

organe. The ancient Germans inflru^ed in this dof^rinc,

not onely did admit no images of their gods (as faith 7^- .

citui ) but alfo would not that they fliouldbc drawenor i

painted againft the walks, norfet in any humane forme,

cfleeming that to derogate coo much from the ^reatnes of

the heauenly power. It may be faid among vs tnat figures /

and reprefentations are the bookes of the vnlearned : but

leaning difputations afide, it were*" jng thateuery one

(liould be wife and wehn(lru£ied,and thac no body (hould

be ignorant.

Our SouriquoisQXiA ^y^rmo^ehi^juois Sau^^esJnsLue the The Sauigel
induftryboth of painting and earning, anddoemake pi- Jj^J*.^^*? ^"r
£lures of beaflsjbif ds and men,as well in ftone as in wood, ofpaintine
aspretilicasgoodworkemeninthcfcparts 5 and nof with- and earning.
(landing they feme not themfelues with them in adorati-
on , but onely to plcafethe fight, and the vfc of fome pri-
uattooles,asinTabacco-pipes. Andinthat(aslhauefaid
at the firft)thoughthe)^bc without diuine worfhip,! praifc
them more than i\ic Virginians andallocher Torts of peo-
ple, which more beafts than the very beads worfliip and
Kucrence fenfeleflc things.

Captaine Laudonniere in his Hiftoryof Florida, faith TheFJoridf-
that they of that Country hauc no knowledge of God,nor am.
of any religion, but of that which appvtareth vnto them, as
chc Sunne and the Moonej to whom,neuerthele{rc, I findc \

not jn all the faid Hiftory that they make any adoration^ /

y g fauing.

•ft, • *

. u .1 .>

-,.,,11. »,
" , If.

l\\}'^

r:;

','V

iiliii'll

■ -J Vii : li",

<■ 'if-i!;

Betleforefit
falfc report.

iauing that when they goc to wane, the FAracduJim^litih

i fomcpraier to the Sunne for toobtaine viftory,and which
being obtained he yccldeth him praifes for it,with fongs to

> the honour of him , as I haue more particularly fpoken in
my firft booke the lo. chapter. And notwithft^nding
LMonfieur De Belleforeft writeth to haue taken from the
faid Hillory that which hcmentioncth of tlieii bloudie fa-
crifices , like to thzmoiihtMexicaws, aflcmbling th^m-
', felues in one field, and fetting vpthercthcir lodges, where
after many dances and ceremonies, they life vp in the aire
and offer to the Sunne, him vpon whom the lot is fallen to
be facrificed. If he bee bold intliis thing,heprcrumeth no
lefl'e where he writeth the like of rhe people ofCamda,
whom he maketh facrificers of humane bodies , although
they neuer thought on it. For if Captaine lames ^artier
hath fcen fome of their enemies heads, dreflcd hkc leather,
fet vpon peeces of wood, it doth not follow that they haue
beenc facrificed, but it is their cuftome to doe fo, like to the
ancient Gaulois,thatis to fay, to take off the heads of their
enemies whom they haue killed, and to fet them vp in, or
^ without their Cabins as a Trophee : which is vfuall

thorow all the Weft Indies.

Tovetuinctoouv FUhdianSy if any one will call the ho-
nour they doe to the Sunne, to be an aft of religion, I will
not contrary him. For in the old time of the golden age,
when that ignorance found place amongft men , many
(confidering the admirable cfFefts of the Sunne and of the
Moone , wherewith God vfeth to gouerne things in this
low world) attributed vnto them thereuerence due to the

s Creator : And this maner of reuerence is expounded vnto

lob aT.Yerf. vsby/o^^ when he faith : If I hane beholden tne Sunne in

i6, 27. ^^ hrightneffe, andthe Moone running cleere : and if my heart

J hath beenfeducedinfecret^and my mouth hath H^ijfedmy hand:

this aifo had beene an iynijMitj to be condemned : for I had de-
nied the great God aboue. As for the hand kiflingit is a kind
of reuerence which is yet obferued in doing homages.

Noc

id which
1 fongs to
pokcn in
ift^nding
from the
oiidie fa-
igthwin-
cs, where
the aire
s fallen to
imcth no

although
Qh artier
c leather,
hey hauc
ike to the
:1s of their
»vpin,or
is vfuall

ill the ho-
on, I will
ildenage,
n , many
ind of the
gs in this
luctothe
ided vnro
?Sunnem
^my heart
Imjhand:
I had de-
: is a kind
lomagcs.
Not

15^

Ezfch 8. ver.
16.

JNlfUd Franeia,

Not being able to touch the Sunne, they ftretch forth their
hands towards it, then killed it : or they touched his Idoll,
and afterwards did kille the hand that had touched it. And
into this idolatry did the people of [frael fometime fall, as
we fee in E^echieL

In regard nithzBrdfilians, I finde by the difcourfe of
lohnDe Leri (whom I had rather follow than a Spanill^ Brafilians. -
Authour, in that which he hathfeene) that not onely they
are hke vnto ours, without any forme of religion or know-
ledge of God, but that they are fQ blind and hardnedin
their ant hrop op hagicy that they fecmeto be in no wife ca-
pable of the Chnftian dodlrine. Alfo they arc vifibly tor-
mented and beatCi Sy the diuell (which they cali Aigmn)
and with fuch rigoi, that when they Tee him come, fome-
times in the (hape oi a beaft ,fometimes of a bird ,or in fomc
ftrange forme, they are as it were, in defpaire. Which is
rotwith the other Sauages, more hitherward, towards
New-found- land 9 atleafl with fuch rigor. For lames
^^/^mfrreportcth thathecaQeih earth in their cies, and
they call him Cudomgni : & there, where we were ( where
they call him AoHtem)\ haue fometimes heard that he had
fcratched CMemhertou^ beingthen, as it were, a kindeof
Soothfaierof the Country. When one tels the ^r^//^«j
that onemufl: beleeueinGod , they like thatadnice well
enough, but by and by they forget their leflon andreturnc
ao-aineto their ownc vomit, whichisaftranGiebrutinines,
not to be willing at the lead toredceme thenifelues from
thediucls vexation, by religion : Which makcth them
vnexcufable , feeing alfo they haue fomc memory remai-
ning i'ltlictn of the generall flood , andoftJie Gofpeli (if
itbcfo that their report be true) for they make mention
in their fono;s that the waters beincr once ouerfiowne, did
couerall the earth , and all men were drowned , except
their Grandfathers, who faued themfelues vpon the high-
efhrecs oftheir Country. And of this flood other Saua- ^Q^J^g/^-.^
ges, mentioned by mc cife whcrc,hauc alfo fomc tradition, cj^.p^.r.

I'M

Hi ■

'I'll

I>5'

1 i»''!'!i''ll ;

I'.'ijPM '

'^Bm\

i> ■!

^tlli-

:fi^

1 ; •

.5):i

,,|.fi

■ ^ il".

lj^&.4

I !

As concerning the Gofpell, the faid de Leri faith) that ha<*
{ uing once found occanon to fl»cw vnto them the bcgin-

I , ning of the world , and how it is meet to bccleuc in God,
I and their miferable condition , they gaue care yneo him

with great attentioni being all amazed tor that which they
had heard : and chat thereupon , an ancient man, taking
vpon him to fpeake^faid, that in truth he had recited won-
derful things vnto them,which made him to call to minde,
that which many times they had heard of their Grandfa*
thcrs« that ofa long time fithence 4 >l/^ir (thati^ tofay^a
Granger, clothed and bearded like to the Fren'.hmen) had
beene there , thinking to bring them to the obedience of
the God which he declared vnto them ^ and had vfed the
hkc exhortatio vntothem:butthat they would not beleeuc
him. And therefore there came another thither, who, in
(igne of acurfe, eauc them their armours, wherewith (ince
theyhaue killed one another :^nd that there was no like-
hhood they (hould forfake thatmaner of life, becaufe that
all their neighbour Nations would mocke them for it.

But our Softriquois, Canadians and their neighbours are
not fo hardenedin their wickcdlife, no neither the J^rgim-
an^not F/ori£am9 but will receiue the Chriftian dodlrine
very eafily, when it (hall pleafe God to ftirre yp them that
beabletofuccourthem, neitherare they vifibly tormefu
ted, beaten andtorne by the Diuell,as this barbarous peo-
ple ofBraJt/t which is a (Irange malediction , more parti«
cular vnto them, than to other Nations of thofe parts.
Which makcth me belceue that the voice of the Apoftles
mavhaue reached fofarre, according to the faying of the
faid old ancient man,to which hauing (lopped their eares j
they beare a particular puni(hment&r it, not common to
others, which peraduenture haue neucr heard the word of
God,fincethevniucrfallfioud, whereofall thofe Nations,
in more than three thoufand leagues of ground haue an ob-
fcure knowlcdgCjwhich hath becnc giuen them by ttaditi-
■ ^ on firom father to fbnnc.

Chap*

N0ii4 Frdffcia,

Chap. VL

Of the Ssoth'fAisrs and AfaJIers of the Cerem9mei
among the Indians*

IXVill not call(as fome hauc donc)by the name of Pricfts,
thcmchat make the ceremonies and inuocations of di-
uels among the Weft Indics,but in as much as they hatic
the vfc of facriHces and gifts that they offer to their Gods, Hc!>r.8. vcrC
for as much as (as the Apoftle faith) euery Prieftor B lliop ^
is ordained to olfer gifts and facrificcs : fuch as were them
o^CM^iXico^ the greateft whereof was called Papas, who of-
fered incenfe to their Idols , the chiefe of them was that of
the god whom they did name Fit^i/ipttztU, although nc-
uertheleffe, thcgenerall name of him, whom they held
for fupreamc Lord and author of all things,was Viracocha^
to whom they attributed excellent qualities , calling him
P achacamac, w\\ich is, Creator of Heaucn and Earth : and
VfapH , which is,admirablc , and other fuch hkc names.
They had alfo facrificcs of men, as them ofperou haue yet,
which they facrificedin great number, aslofepheyfcofta ioait.^eol!a,
difcourfeth thereof at large. Thofc may be called Priefts U^. j. ch, zo.
or Sacrificcrs : But in regard ofthcmof^/r^wwandF/m-
da, I doe not fee any facrificcs they make , and therefore I
will qualifie them with the name oifVifards^ or Matters of
the Ceremonies of their religion, which inFloridal^w^c
to be called larvars , and loanas : in Virgima, Vniroances :
mBraJtll Caribes : and among ours ( Imeane the Sari-
{jHoii) Aiitmolm* Latidannier e,(pcakmgo{ F/orida : They
hauc (faith he) their Priefts, vnto^hom they giuc great
credit, becaufc they be great Magicians, great Sooth^iers
and callers ondiuels. Thefc Priefts doc ferue them for
Phyficians and Chirurgians, and carrie alvvaies with them
abaggefullofhearbesand druggcs to phyfickc them that
be ficke, which he, the moft parr, ofthc great pockes : for
thcyloue women and maidens very much, whom they

X call

21.

»>

>»

L't

190

\iW

j. •

/'I'^tm^

.yJo/jC

call tlie daiigjuers of the Sunne. If there be any thing fo
be treated, the King calleth the Urvars, and the ancicnttft
men , and deniandcth then- adiiicc. Sec inorcoucr what I
haiie VYiitccn hecretofore in the fixt Chapter of the firlt
booke. As for them or/'i!>^^/;;/^,ihey are no [eH'e fiittle than
them of/"Vi/r/Wrf,arid do procure credit to thcmfcliics, mak-
ing them to be rcfpefted, bytrickesor Oiewof rcHgionj
hkcto them that vvc haiic fpoken of in the laft chapter,
fpeakingoffomc dead men rifen vp againe. It is by fnch
meanes,and vnderpretcftohehgion that the /w^//^madc
thcmlelues heeretoforethe greatcfl Princes of e^/»ir;V^.
And them of thefe parts that would dcceiue and bhnde the
people haue hkewifc vied of that futtelty, as Nnma, Tom-
filiHs, Liiander, Sertoruis, and other more recent, doing
(as {i\t\\Plntarke) as the plaiers of tragedies, who dcfirous
ro (licw foorth thmgs. ouerrcaching the humane ftrcngth,
hatie refuge to the fuperior power ofthe Gods.

The AoHtmoins ofthe laft land ofthe Indies which is the
ncercft vnto vs, are not fo blockifli but that they can make
/ the common people to attribute fomc credit vnto them.

i , For by their nnpoftures they liuc and make thcmfelucs

. cftecmedto bcnccefiaryj playingthcpartof Phyficions
and Chirurgionsas well as the FloriSam. Let the great
'^md Chi- ^"^^^^^^^ AicmbertoH be an example thereof. If any body
rurgions of ^^ fickc, he is fent for, he maketh inuocations on his diuell ,
heblowcth vponthe partgricued, hcmaketh incifions,
fuckeththebadbloudfromit : ifitbeawoundhehealeth
it by the fame raeanes , applying a round (lice of the Bea-
uersftoncs. Fmally, fomcprefcnt is made vnto him, ci-
ther of vcnifon or skinnes. If it be queilion to haue ncwes
of chings abfent, hauing firft queftioned with his fpirit, he
icndreth his oracles commonly doubtful), verv often falfej
out fomctimcs true : as when he was asked whether Pano-
ftiacsHtvt dead, hefaid, that vnlefle he did recurne within
fiftecne daies, they fiiould not expert him any more, and
shat he was killed by the ^rmouchiquois. And for to haue
. ;.- this

shcSauages.

thing; fo

ICiCIlttlt

r what I

die fird

ttlcthan

cs, mak-

cligion,

chapter,

by fuch

/^ made

America,

indethe

■i^a Tom'

It, doing

idelirous

Ircngth,

ichisthc
can make
ito them,
lemfelucs
byficions
the great
my Body
hisdiuell,
incidons,
lehcaleth
theBca-
I him, ci-
ne ncwes
fpiiitjhe
ften falfe,
herP^w.''-
nc within
nore, and
)rtohauc
this

this anfwcr he mud be prcfentcd with feme gift. For there
is a triuiall proucrbc amon*; the Grcekcs , which bearctli ,
That without niony Phabiis Oracles arc dumbc. The
fame Mcinbertou rendered a true Oracle of our commina:
to Monfienr dii Pont, when that he parted li om Port Roy-
all , for to returne into France , fccjngtheij. daieofliily
parted without hauingany newcs. For he did mainraine
Itilljand did afijimc that there lliould come a llvip,and that ;

Ills diuell had told it him. Item when the Sauagcs be a hun-
gredthcy confultwith Aicmhertopi^s 0\;xdz , and he laitli
vnto them, Go yee to fuch a place & you dial finde game.
Ithappeneth fomctimes that they findefome, andlomc-
times none. If it chance that none be found, the excufe is,
that the bead is wandering and hath changed place : buc
fo it comes to pafle, that very often they finde (ome : And
this is it which makes them beleeue that this diuell is a
god, and they know none other, towliom notwithftand-
ingtheyyecld not any fcruice nor adoration in any forme
of religion.

When that thefc Aoutmoins make their movjxs and How the
moppes, they fix a ftaffe in a pit, to which they t\z a cord, -^•"'^w^'"'
and putting their head into this pir,they make inuocations il^"^!',^^^ *
or coniurations in a language vnknowen to the others that
arc about, and this with beatings and bowlings, vntill they
fweat with very paincrye il haue not heard that they fome
at the mouth as the Turkes doe. When this diuell is come,
th\smafter ^(?«/w^<7/« makes them beleeue that he holdcth
him tied by his cord, and hoideth faft againft him 5 forcing
him to giue him an anfwcr before he let him goe. By this is
knowen thcfubtilty of this enemy of nature , whobcgui-
Icth thus thefe miferable creatures , and his pride withall,
in willing that they which doe call vpon him, yeeldvnto
him more fubmiflion then eucrthe holy Patriarches and
Prophets haue done ro God , who haue onely praied with , .
tneirfaces towards the 2;roui]d. r>r.j.;>of-h

That done he beginneth to (jng fome thing (as Ithinke) Di, til,

X a to

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NiMFuncU

to thepraife of the diucll, who hath difcouercd feme game
vntothem : and the other Sauages that ar« there doc an-
fwcr, making fome concordance of muficke among them.
Then they dance after their maner, as we will hecreaftcr
fay , with fongs which I vnderftand not , neither thofcof
ours that vnderftood their fpecchbcft. But one day go-
ing to walke in our Medowes along the riuer, Idrewneere
to LMembertous cabine, and did write in my table booke
part of that which I vnderftood, which is written there yet
in thefc termes 5 haloet ho ho he he ha ha haloet ho ho he\
which they did repeat diuers times. The tune is in my faid
table bookc in thefc notes : refafolfolrefolfolfafarerefol
folfafa. One fong being ended, they all mad e a great ex-
clamation, faying E\ Then began againe another fong,
faying : Egrigna hau egrigna he he hu hu ho ho cgrigna hat*
hau hau. I'he tune of t n is yjdiSifafafafolfolfafa re refolfol
fa fa refafafolfolfa, Hauing made the vfuall exclamation
they began yet another fon^ which was : Tameia alleluia
tameia dou veni hau hau he he. The tune whereof was : fol
folfolfaja re re refufa fol fa fol fa fa re re. I arcentiucly hark-
ned vpon this word alleluia repeated fiindry times, and
could neuer hcarc any otherthing. Which ir^kcth nice
thinke that thefc fongs are to the praifes of the diuel,if not-
withftanding this word fignifie with them that which it
(]^ni6eth in Hebrew, which '\%yPraifeye the Lord. All the
other Nations ofthofe Countries doe the like : but no bo-
dy hath particularily dcfcribcd their fongs , im\D^fohyide
Lert, w li o fa i th that the Brafiliam d o c ma ke a s good a gree-
ments, in their Sabbaths. And bcina;bnedav attheirfo-
Icmuity he doth report that they faid, He he he he he he he
Kehehe-^ with this note ifafajolfafafclfolfjlfotfol. And
that done they cried but and howled after n fcarefull maner
the fpace of a quarter of an houre, and the women did
skip violently in the aire vntill they fomed at the mouth :
then began againe their mufike, laying : Hen hcHraiire
heftraheiiraiire heiira henraonech : the note is ^ fa mi re fol

fot

fol/btfami re mire mi vt re. This authour faith that in this
fong, they bewailed their dcccafled fathers, which were {o
vaUant , and ncucrthelede they comforted themfelues for
that after their death, they were aflured to goe to them bc-
hindc the high Mountaines,whci e they fliould dauncc and
be merry with them. Likewifc that they had, with all vc-
hemency, threatned the Onetacas their enemies to be in ve-
ry fhort time taken and eaten by them, according as the
Caraiifcshsid promifcd them : and that they had alio made
mentionof the floud fpokenofin the former chapter. I
Jeaue vnto them that doc write of Demommame to philofo-
phizc vpon that matter. But moreoucr,Imuft fay that
whilert our Sauages do fing in thatmaner before faid, there
be fome others which doe nothing elfe butfay/Z^orZ/cr
(like to a man that cleaueth wood) with a certaine motion
ofthearmes : anddaunce in round, not holding one ano-
ther, nor moouing out of one place, ftriking with their feet
againd the ground, which is the forme of their daunccs,
hkevntothofc which the faid DeLeri reportethof them
ofBrafill, which are aboue 1 5 00. leagues from that place.
After which things our Sauages make a fire and leap ouer
it, as the ancient Cananites, Ammonites,and fomctimcs the
Ifraelitcs did : but they are not fo dcteftablc, for they doe
not facrjfice their Children tothediuell, thorow the fire.
Bclides all this, they put halfc a pole out of the top of the
Cabin where they are, at the end whereof there is fomc
MatachiAS y or fome thing elfe tied, which the diucllcari-
cth away. Thus hauc I heard the difcourfc of their maner
of doing in this matter.

There may beheere confiiered a bad vfe toleapeoucr
the fire , and to make the children to pafTe thorow the
flame in the fire made vpon S. lohnBaptills dayj which
cuftome indurech yet to this dav amon2;vs, andoudltto
be reformed. For the fame commeth from the ancient ab-
ominations that God hath fo much haced , whereof T"^*?-
£><^or^/fpcaketh in this wife ; Jhattefeene {(iahhc) in fome

X 3 Tonvncs

l^S

The d.iimccs
ofthe Saua-
ges.

Lcuir.zo.vc

Deiju.r. I a.
verf. 31. and
18. vtiH 10. •
and.), of Kin.
17.vcr17.31.
Pial. 10^.

S. lohns l)on«
fire.

Thcod. vpon
the i^.clijp,
ofthcfocrih
booke of
Kings.

[

i66 NouVnnch.

Townei piles of wood kindled onceajearii Andftot emlychil^
drento I cape oner them, hut alfo mcnydnd the mothers heartnn
thcr chtldrcn otter the flame, rrhich didfeeme vtito them to he
/ts an expiation and purification, <iy4nd this in my ludgcmeut
' nfos thcfinne ofAcha^,

Thefe falliioiis hauc bccnc foibiddeen by an ancient
c.tm.f^.Synti. Counccll lioldcn at Conftantinoplc. Whereupon Balfa-
fin Truns, mon doth note that the 2 3 . daic ot lunc(\\ hich is Saint lohr.
Baptirt cue) men and women did afleniblc then'ifelucs at
theScaflioreand in houfcs, and the cldeft daughter was
dreflcd hkcabridc, and after they had made good chearc
and well drunkc , daunces were made^ with exclamations
and fires all the night , prognofticating cf good and bad
lucke. Thefe fires haue beene continued among vs, vpon
a better fubic^. But the abufe mu(^ be taken away.
. The diucU Now as the diuell hath alwaici^ becnc willing to p!ay the

\ willbefcrucd ape, and to haueaferuice hkcto that which isgiuento
\ as God, God, fo would hee that his officers fhould haue the marke

of their trade, to the end todeceiuethefimple people the
better. And indeed MembertoH , of whom we hauefpo-
ken, as a learned Aoutmoin^ carieth hanged at his nccke
i the marke of this profeffion, which is a purfe triangle wife,

couered with their imbrodery worke , that is to fay with
i^atachta<, , within which there is I know not what as
bigge as a fmall nut , which he faith to be his diuell called
AoHtcm , which they of Canada doe name Cudouagni , as
faith lames ^uartier, I will not mingle facred things with
prophane, but according as I hauc faid that the diuell plai-
cth the ape,this maketh me to remember of the Rational ot
PeEioralot'iwA^tmcwty which the high Prieft did carry be-
fore him in the ancient law, on the which A^ofes had put
Z^rim and Thummim. Now Rabbi Dauid faith that it is not
\ knowen what thefe Vrim and Thummim were, and it fee-

j ' meth that they were (tones. Rabbi Selomoh faith that it was
*' the name of God /f/jo»4^,an ineffable name, which he did
'y put within the foldcs of the Pf^or^/, whereby he made

his

his word to (hinc^ lofephMs doththinke that they were
Twelueprctious ftoncs. S. Htcrome doth interpret thefc
two words to fignifie 'DoUrhje and Truth,

And as the Prieftly office was fiicccffiue , not oncly in the
hoiifeof //r^«, butalfointhe family of the great Prieftot
Afemphis , whofeofficewas aflTigned to his eld eft fonnc af-
ter him, as Thy amis faith in the Ethiopian Hiftory ofHc/to-
dortis: Huen fo among thefc people this office is fucceffiiie;
and by tradition they doe teach the fecret thereof to their
eldetl fonnes. For Membertom cldefi fonne (who was na-
med ludAs, in ieft,for which he was angry, vnderftanding
it was a bad name ) told v$ , that after his father, he fliould
be /f^;//^«?^««intiiatprecinft: whichisafmallmatter : for
CLiery Sa<Hnnos hath his AoHtmomy if himfelfe be notfo,
but yet they couet the fame , for the profit that ccmmeth
thereof.

The Brnfiliam hauc their CaraiheSy who trauell thorow
the villages , making the people bcleeue that they hauc
communication with fpirits, through whofemeanes they
can, not onely giue them viftory againf^ their enemies,
but alfo,thatof them depends the fertility or fterility of the
ground. They hauc commonly a certainekinde of belles
or rattles in their hands, which they q^M Mar aca ytnsidc
with the fruit of a tree, as biggeasan Eftriches egge,
which they make hollow, astheydoeheere thebottelsof
the Pilgrims thatgoe to Saint lames : And hauing filled
them with fmallftones, they makeanoife with them, in
their folemnitics ,like the bladders of hogges : and going
ftomtowne totowne they beguile the world, telling the
people thartheirdiuell is within the fame. Thek Afaraca^
or Rattles wel decked with fairc feathcrs,thcy fticke in the
ground the ftafe that is thorow it, and doe place them all
along and in the middeflofthehoufes, commanding that
meat and drinkc be giuen to them. In fuch wife that thefe
cogging marcs, making the other poore idiots to bcleeue
(as theSacrificers of the idol' 5^/didhccrctofore,ofwhora

mention

i(?7

Thofe bot-
tles, or rattles
are made of
Potnpions.

Theimpo-
fliue of the
Cara'iltes.

i6i

f (

Sundrie lan-
guages.

N^ua Fratfch*

mention is made in the Hiftory ofDauUi) that thofe fruits
doe eat and drinke in the night : euery houQioIder giiiing
credit tliercto , doth not failctofct ncercthcfe Afaraca^,
mcale,fle{h, filli, and drinkc, which fcruicc they continue
by the fpacc of fiftcene daies or three vveckcs : and during
that time they are fo ^ooli(h as to perfwade themfehiei that
in founding with thcfc Maracas , fomc fpiritfpeakcth vn-
tothcm, and attribute diuinity vntothem, Infuch fort
that they would cftccme it a great mifdcedto take away
the meat that is prcfented before thofe faiie belles, with
which mcates thofe reuerend Caraibet doe meerely fatten
themfelues. And fo vnder falfe pretexts, is the world dc*
ceiued.

Chap. 7.
Of their LmgHAge,

THe efFe£lsof theconfuHon of BaheUxt come in as
farre as to thofe people whereof we fpeake, as well
as in the hither world. For 1 fee that the PHtagons
doe fpeake another language than them o£BraJily and tney
otherwifc than the Perouans, and the Peroiians are diflin^
from the Maxicans : the lies likewifehaue their peculiar
fpeech : they fpeake not in Floridti as they doe in Virgima :
OwxSoHriqHois and Etechemins vnderdand not the jir^
moHchiqmis: northcfethe/r<?^«<?^: briefely, euery Nation
is diuidedby the language : yea in one and the felfe fame
Prouince there is difference in langnage, euenasin(74///<«
the Fleming, they of 3a{re Brctaigne, the Gafconandche
Bafque doe not agree. For the Authour of the Hiftory of
Vtrgmai^ithy that there euery /^»r(?^«J", or Lord, hath his
peculiar fpeech. Let this be for example , that the chiefe
man or Captame of fome precin^ ( whom our Hidorians
lames ^ttartier and Laftdonmere, doc call by the name of
King) is called in panada, Agohama-^simong tlie Souricjuois,
fagamos j in VirgirtM^fViroans 'yinFloridajVi^acHjfi -^ In the

lies

■s„

WtiofCubA, Ctcique : the Kings of P^rw, TngUM, andfo
foorth. I hauc left the Armonchtquois and others, which I
know not. As for t\\(iBrafiiiaKS thty haue no Kings , but
the old ancient men, whom they call Peoreroupichech^bc-
caufe of the experience they haue of things pail, are they
which doe gouernc, exhort and difpofeofall things. The
very tongues are changed, as we fee, that with vs we haue
not the langu age of the ancient C7<?«//oAf, nor that which
was in Charoltis Magmtsnmz (atlcaflit doth differ very
much)the Italians doe fpeake no more Latin,''nor the Gre-
cians the ancient Greeke, fpecially in the f ea coafts,nor the
levves the ancient Hebrew. In like maner James ^artier
hath left vntovs a kinde of Diftionary of the language of
Canada, wherein our Frenchmen that haunt there,in thefc
daies , vnderftaiid nothing : and therefore I would not
infertit heere : onely 1 haue there found CaracomyMhich
fignifieth bread ^ and now they fay Caracona , which I c-
{leeme to be a word oi'Bafijfte. For the fatisfaftion of foirc

1 will fet heere fome numbers of the ancient and new lan-
guage of C^/iW^^.

The old,
X Segada,

2 Tigenu

4 Homacon,

5 Onifcon.

6 Indaic,

7 ^y'%^'

8 A^asgue,
9. Madellon.
10 Ajfem.

The Souriquois doc fay.

1 Negotip*

2 Tabo.

3 Chtchtm

I6y

The new.

1 Begeu,

2 Ntchott,

3 Nichtoa,

4 Raii»

5 Apateta,

6 Coutouachin,

7 Neouachin,

8 NefloHachir),

9 Pefcciiadut.

10 JMetren*

The Etechemm,

Bechkgrt,

Nich.

Nach.

X 4 iVif^w.

170

jt^Hftid FrAncU.

7
8

NeoH,

Nan,

Kamachin,

LMeguemorchin,
Echkonadek^,

5
6

7
S

Prenchkj
fhachit,
Coutachit,
EroHigucn,
Pechccqmm*

10 Aietren*

10 Tetoc!^

Conformity
of languages

doch alfi
fvzv i'u-aK nt;
in the Lilt

For the conformity of languages , there arc fomc rimes

found words nuhcfc parts, which doc fignifie Icrocthjng

there, as lohndeLen faith , that Z-frifigmtitih an Oificr in

Br.ifil : but very few words arc found which ccme in one

a«ul the fclfcfame lignification. In OlUijfms his Oncntall

Hifloty Ihauercad Saffamos in the fame fujrnification as

oui Sotiftq/iois doetakeiz ytowki Si King,aDuke, aCap-

tainc. And they that hauebeencinC7/^/«^f fay, thatthis

word Bahougictigmiieth there a Httle child, orafawncof

a beafl: , in that fcnfc as thefaid SoHriquois take that word,

as this Fieuch word Monftache^ which corrmeth of y^i-

ft^x, and tiiarwhich we fay in Vrcnch i^oire a ttre-iahgot,

which IconllrueinEnglifli to drinke till ones eiesbeout,

comnieth oiLarygx Langgos &c. And the Grcckc words

Faradeijos, B ojphoro J jQomc from the Hehrerv CD^^Si ^'^^

Butconcerninsithe caufeof the chan2;cof thelans;ua2;c
i:\icu\u'^cot 'inCamdat whereof we hauefpokcn, Ithinke thatithath
i-i'^g^'D-^. happened by a deftruftion of people. For it is fomc eight
yeercs', fiiKCthc Irotjuois did afTerable thcmfeluestothc
number of 8©oo. men, anddifcomfited all their enemies,
whom they furprifed in their indofures. To this ladde
the trafficke which they make from timeto time for their
sldnnes, fince the French men came to fetch them : for in
the time of lames jQuartier Beuers were not cared for. The
hats that be made of it arc in vfe but fince that time : not
that the inuention thereof is new : for in the ancient orders
of the Hat-makers of Paris , ic is faid that they (hall make

hats

The caifcof

Beucr-hats.

»7i

hats of fine Bcucrs (which is thcCaftor) bucwhcthcrit
he for thcdearcncflc, or other wife, thevfe thereof hath
bccnc long fince left off.

As for the Pronounciation , our SotmciHoii hauc the Of the pro.
Greekc(«) which we call fz'j, and their words doe com- nouftciatjon..
monly end in (a) as Soumjsiois, Somiquoa : Captains j La*
fitaimi : Normanci, AWwafidta : Bafque y BafqHoa : vne
Alartrc (a Marten) OlLirtra: a banquet, TVi^^^/zw; g^£'.
But there are ccrraine letters which they cannot well pro-
nounce, that is to fay , an (v) confonant,and (f) in ilead
whereof they putf ^jand^/) jas tor fevre (which is a fmitii)
they will fay (pebre.) And for ( Sanvago, v^hizh fignilicth
Sanage) they fay Chabaia, and fo call they thcinfclues, not
knowing in what fenfe wc take that word. And yet rhcy
pronounce the reft of the French tongue better than our
Gafcons, who, befides the turning oi (v) \mo(b) and
of the (b) into (v,) were yet^ifcerned in the laft troubles
and badly handled in Prouence, by the pronouncing of
thewordfC4^rd',inftcadwhercoftheydidfay(C>4^^,;as ^1*^^^ ^°°^'*
aforetime the Sphraiimtes hauing loft the battel againft the °j ^^J(^6 ^
Galaadites , thinking to fcapc away, were well knowen
in paflTing the riucr Jordan, in pronouncing the word Shib^
boleth, which (ignifieth an -.Jrc of Corne, in ftead whereof
they did fay StbbolethysMQ\^ fignififcth thefoord ofa riucr,
asking if they might well paflc. The Greekes had alfo a
fundry pronunciation of the felfefame word , becaufc
they had foure diftinft tongucs,varying from the commou
fpcech. And in Platttfu we read that the "Peaneftins not
farre diftant from Rome did pronounce Konia , in ftead of
^iconia. Yea euen at this day the good wiues of Paris doe
yet fay , mm Courin, for mon Cottjin, which is my Co-
zen: and mon (J^fa^i, for moft i^^r;,jWhich fignificth huf-
band.

Now to retumc to our Sauagcs: although that by rca (on
of traffickc many of our Frenchmen doe vnderftand them, J^^^^^ a7a*nL*
notwithftanding they hauc a particular tongue, which is ^[^i^^ tongue.

Y 2 onely

Wi*

»7»

Their marci-
ohHunbc-

ring.

SoUUjTtUii,

7^m Franck.

oncly knowcn to them ; which rrakcth nic ro doiilc of that
which Ihauc faicl,that the language which was in dimda
m (he time oUamcs ^hiartur is no n:orc in vie. Foi to ac-
commoflatcthcnjlcliics with vs.ihcy fpcakc viito vs in the
lan<j;iia2;e wliichis tovs more familiar, vJicicin is nuiih
*J^aj(jiu mingled with ic : not that ihcy cair orcaily to
fpcakc our languages : for thtrc he (ome ol tluni w Lich do
lomctimcsfay , tliactheyconie nottofcc! e alter vs : but
by long liequemation ihey cannot but rctainclcmc word
or ether.

I will farther fay, that concerning the numbers (feeing
wchauefpokcnofit) they doenotreckendiftindtlyas wc
doc, thedaies, theweckes, themoneths, theyearcs; but
doe declare they cares by number of fummes , asfor ico.
ycaies,they will fay Cachwetrcyiachtel^yihsit'istoi^y ico.
Sonnes, bttumetrenague achtek^ioco, Sonnes, thacisto
fay 1000. y cares : metrcnk»tchkaminati , tcnneMoncths,
taho metren gtiennkio, daies. And for to fliew an inumera-

blcthing,asthepeopleofParis,they will take their haires
or hands full offand : And after that maner doth the holy
Scripture likewifc vfe fometimesto number, comparing
( Hiperbolicalie)zxn\\t% to the fand that is on the Seaflicrc.
They alfo flgnific the fcafons by their cfFc^s, asfor to
make a man to vnderfland that the S^gamosT^oHtrinconrt
will come at the fpring time, they will f^y, nibirbetour.Sa-
gmo ( for Sagamos , a word fhortncd ) PoHtr'mcourt bet our
kedretch ; that is to fay, the Icafe being come, then will the
Sagamos PoHtrmcottrt come certainly. Therefore as they
haue no diftindion neither qfdaies nor of yearesjfo be not
they perfccuted, by the vngodlineflc of their Creditors, as
in thcfc parts : neither doe their yloutmoins lliorten, nor
lengthen, the y cares for to gratific the Brokers and Ban-
kers, as didjin ancient time,the Idolatrous Pricfls of Rome,
ro whom was attributed thegouernment anddifpofino-of
timcSj offeafons and of y cares y asSo/m wriceth.

Chap,

N&naFtmciit.

177

Chap. VII I.

Of the vfe of utters^

IT is well knowcn that thefc Wcftcrnc Nations hauc no Of letters,
vfc ot letters , and It i> that, which all them that hauc
written of them doc fay they hauc molt admired, to fee
that by a peccc of paper I giuc knowledge of my will fiom
one end of the v*^orld ro the other 5 and they thoiij;iit
that there iliould be enchantment in this paper. But that
is not fo much tobcwondredat, ifweconlidcrtharinthe
timcof thcRomane Empcrours, many Nations of thefc
parts knew not thefecrcts of letters, amongd whom Taci- Dutch men.
Ttis pu tteth the Germans (who at this day doc fwarmc with
menof learning) and he addeth a notable fcntcnccj that
good mancrs arc in more credit chere^thcn good lawes elfc-
whcre.

As for our Gaullois , it was not fo with them. For cucn G««fl«/V.
from the old time of the golden age they had the vfc of let-
ters, yea (by the Icauc of thofc godly doftours who do call
them Barbarous ) before the Grcekcs and Latines. For
Xenophon (who fpeaketh largely of them , and of their be-
ginning in his e>^^«/«07»tf/^ doth witneflc vntovs, that
the letters which Cadmus brought to the Cjreek,es v.cre not
fo much like to the r/jiCw/V/Vw letters, as the C/^Aj/^^'w were, \

thatis the CW/o//. Wherein C<c/4r did a^^/^t^or^/^^- ia \

faying that the X)r«/Vf^ thd vfc of Greekc letters in priuatc \

matters : for contrariwifc the Grcekcs hauc vfcd of the Scchccreaf-
GW/ow letters. And-S^ro/^faith that thethird King ofthe ^fj^'hex?.
Gatillois, after the floud, named Sorron , did inflitutc Vni- ' ^ ^^*
uerfiricsm thefc parts : and DrWor/// doth adde that there i

was in the GaulUs'Philofophers and Dimnes caXXzASaroni- )

des ( much more ancient then thq Druides ) which were /

freatly rcuercnced , and vnto whom all the people cfid o- /

ey . The fame Authours doe fay » that l^ardus, firft King VioUr. lib, 6,
of chc gatillois did inuent both rymes and mufike, BtbUoiKj

y 3 brought

•li

brought in Poets and Rhcthoricians , \%ho were called
^<fr^^/,whcrcotC'rf/2rr and ^Vr4^<> make ir^ntion. But the
fame Diodore wiitctli,tiiat Poets were among them in fiich
reucreiicc, that when two armies were ready to(lnkc,ha-
uing their (words drawcn, and the iauelins m hand to giue
theonlct, thofe Poets conmiing , eiiery one did liirceafc
and put vp their weapons :io much doth wrath giue place
(o wiiedome, yea among the wildeQ Barbarians , and fo
much doth -^/^r/reuercncc the Mufes, faith the Authour.
So I hope that our rao(l Chrillian.moQ Augud, and mod
vi ftorious king //^w-j' the Fourth , after the thundnng of
befieging of towncs and battels is ceafed , uuerencing
the AiHJes^ and honoring them , as he hath atrcadie done,
eldcll Dau^h- not onely he will reduce his eldcft daughter to her ancient
tens ih« Vin- g]ory,and giue vnto her being a roiall daughter, thepro-
ris! "^ ° prietie of that BAfilic, faftcncd to the temple of Apollo,
Gefnerm In who , byan hidden vertue, did hinder that the Spiders
theticaties of fliould weaue their webbc along liis walles : But will
Serpents. ^jf^ c{labli(h his New France , and bring to the bofome
of the Church fo many poore fo) iles which that countrey
beareth, al ilarued for the want of the word of God, who
are as a pray vnto hell : And that for to doe this hee will
This ^f c"J^ giue meanes to condu£l thither, Chridian Sarromdes and
xcale ^^oj||j^ Bardesy bearing the Flowcr-dcluce in th«ir hearts, who
EngUiircou. Will inftruft and bring to ciuilitie thofe barbarous pco»
pkiaud will bring them to his obedience.

The Kings

rage for Vir-
giniat

Ch A P. IX.

Of their clothing and wearing of
their haires.

God in thebeginningdid create man naked, and in-
nocent, madcall the parts ofhis body to bee of ho-
ned (ight.But (in hath made the members of gene-
ration to become /hamcfull vnto vs, and not vnto beafts
which haue no finne. It is the caufc why our fird parents

hauin^

NcuA Fraftcia. 175

hauinjgknowcn their nakedncflc.dcnitutc of clothes, did Gcnf. 5.
fow hggc Icaucs together foi to hide their lliamcthcic-
with : But God madcvntoihcnicoatcsofskinncs, and
clothed chcm with itj and this before they wen t one oKthc
garde of Ederi,C\othm» then is not only to defend vs from
coidjbiitalfofordccencic, and to coucrour (lianie. And
ncucrchcieilc many nations hauc anciently lined , and at
this day doc line naked, without appielunfion of this
fhamc, dcccncie, and honcilie. And 1 mat-uell not of the
Bidfiiun Sauages thar are luch,as well men as vvomen,nor
of the ancient Pifts (a nation of great Briraine) who (//f-
rcdia-i fjith ) had not any vfe of clothes, in the time oi i>-
tterns the Enipcrour : nor of a great number of other na-
tioi.stlutliauebeene and yet are naked: for one may (ay
ofchcm,iliatrhcy be people fallen nuo a reprobate fenfc,
and fbrlaken of God : Bur of Chriflians wliich are in
9y£thtopt4 vnder the gieat Nciw, whom we call Prefter*
//?(?«; which,by the report of tnc Porcingals that hauc wri-
tenhifloriesofthem, naucnoctheirpartswhich wee call
priuie members, any waies couered. But the Sauages of
Wcw France and o{ Florida, haue better learned and kept
in minde thcleflbn of honeftie , than thoCe of <iy£thiopia,
Foriheycoucrthemwithaskinnc tied to a latch or gir-
dle ofieather, which paflln^ between their buttocks,ioin-
eth the other end of the faidlatch behind. And for the refl
of their garments,they haue a doake on their backs, made
with many skmncs, whether they be of Otters or of Bca-
iiers : and one only skin,whether it be of Elian, or Stagges
skinne, Beare , or Luferne, which cloake is tied vpward
with a leather riband , and they thruft commonly one
armc out , but being in their cabins , they put it off , vn-
leife it be cold : And I cannot better compare it than to
pifturcs that are made of //tfrr»/^y, who killed a lion and
put the skinne thereof on his backc. Notwithftanding
they haue more ciuilitie, in that they couer their priuie
members. As for the women, ihcy differ onely in one

Nakcdncffc
ofihe Ethio-
pians.

thinr-

ThcWo,
men.

I'l

dence.

iy6 JVifud FrmcU.

^ thing, that is, they haiic a girdle ouer the skin they hauc
/ on ; and doc rcfcmble (without coinparifon) the pidurcs
that be made of Saint lohn Baptift. But in Winter they
make good Bcuerflccucs,tied behind, which kccpc them
very warme. And after this nianer were the ancient Ger-
mans clothed, by the report of ^^c/^r and Tacitus y hauing
the mofl part of the body naked.

As for the z^rmouchiquois ^ud FlorldiAmxhzyhzMC no
fiirres, butonelyfliamois: yea the faid zArmoHchicjnois
haue very often but a pecce of matte vpon their backe,for
fa(hions fake, hauing neuerthcleflc their priuie mcm-

GoJs proui- bers couered. God hauing fo wifely prouided for mans
intirmitie.that in cold countries he hath giucn furres,and
not m the hot, becaufechat otherwife men would make
no cdeemeofthem. And fo for that which concerneth the
body. Lee vs come to the Icgges and feet,then we will end
with the head.

Our Sauages in the Winter, going to fea^r a hunting,
doe vfe great and high (lockings, like to our booce-hofen,
which they tie CO their girdles, and at the fides outward,
there is a great number of points without tagges.I doe not
fee that they oiBrafilox flonda,6oc vfe of them, but fee-
ing they haue leather, they may as well make of them, if
they haue need as the others. Befides thefe long {lock-
ings, our Sauages doe vfe (hoocs , which they call LMe^
kezi/jy which they fafhion very properly, but they can-
not dure long, fpecially when they goeinrowatriepla*
ces, becaufe they be not curried, nor hardened, but onely
made after the mancr ofBuffe, which is the hide of an
E//a», Howfoeuer it be, yet arc they in better order then

The Goctes wcrethc ancient Gotces, which were not throughly ho-
fed, but with buskins or halfcbootes, which came forac-
whac higher than the anckleoftUcfootc, where they
made a knot, which they bound with horfe haires, ha-
uing the calfe of the Icgge, the knees and thighcs na\ccd.
And for the reft of their garments they had leather
i coatcs

Of Hofing.

Shooing.

clothing.

Noud Tr4nck.

coatcs pleated : as grcaficas Lard, and the (lecucs downc
to the beginning ot the aime. And on thole lerkins in
fteadofgold lace, they made red border?, as our Sauages
doe. Behold the ftate of thofe that ranfacked the Roniane
Empire, whom. W<?«/«/ Apollmarts BilLopof Auuerme^
doth defcribe after t his maner, going to the Councdi of
AmtHs the Emperour, for to treat of peace:
I 'Sqnalent vefies, acfordida macro
Ltntea pinguefcHnt tergo, nee t anger e pojfant
A It at (Z fur am pelles, ac popltte nndo
Peronem pauper nudis [HJpendit equinum^ ct'C.
As for the head attire, none of the Sauages haueany,
vnleCTe it bee thatforae of the hether lands trucke his
skinnes with Frenchmen for Hattes and Cappes: but ra-
ther both men and women w care their haires flittring o-
uer their (houlders, neither bound nor tied, except that
themendoetrufle them vpon the crowne of the head,
fome foure fingers length , with a leather lace : w hich they
Icc hang downc behinde. But for the Armouchiqtfoii & Flo'*
ridians , as well men as women , they hauc their haires
much longer, and they hang them do wne lower than the
girdle when they are vntrufled : for to auoide then the hin-
drance that they might bring to them, they trufTe them vp
as our horfe-keepers doeahorfes taile , and the men doe
Hicke in them fome feather that Hke them, and the women
a needle or bodkin with three points after the falliionof
thefrench Ladies,whoalfoweare their needles or bodkins
thatfcrue them parcly for an ornament of the head. All
the ancient had this cuftometogoe bareheaded, and the
vfe of hats is but lately come in. Thefaire Ahfalonv^zs
hanged by hi^ haires at an Oake, after he had loif the bat-
tell againft his fathers army , and they did neuer couer
their heads in thofe daies, but when they did mournefor
fome misfortune, as may be noted bytheexmipleofOa-
uid, whohauing-ynderflood his fonnes confpiracy fled
from Icrufalem, and went vp the Mountaine of Oliues
^ ;, Z weeping

177

The Simgcs
hea4«a(ti;c.

The Saul gc
Women
wcare Bod-
kins.

2. Sam. 18.
verf. ^,

Ibid. Tj.vcr.
SO-

lit i=

Eftcr. 6. vcrC weeping and hauing his head couercd, and all the people
12. that was with him. The ?^^/ did thehke, as may be

gathered by the Hillorie o^t^^'an , who being comman-
iied to honour him whom he would haue to be hanged, to
wit Mardochecy went home to his houfe weeping, and his
head couered, which was a thing extraordinary. The Ro«
mans at their beginning did the like, as I gather by tlie
words which did command the hangman to doe his office,
recited by Cicero and Titm Liuitu in thefe termes : Vade
U^oVy colliga manus, capftt obnHbitOiarhoriinfeUcifftjpendito^
And ifwc will come to our Wefterly and Northerly pco-
i plC) we (hall Hnde that the mofl part did were long h aires,

t like vmo them that we call Sauages. That cannot be deni-

ed of the Tranf' A/pin Gaullois, who for that occadon gaue
the name to Gallia Comata 3 whereof (JHartiali (peaking
faith ;

Mollefque TlagelUnt Colla coifM,
Our French Kings haue becne furnamed hairy, becaufe
they did weare their haires fo long that they did beat
downc to the backeand the ftioulders , fo that Gregory of
Tours fpeaking of King Clouis haires , he calleth it Capl-
lorumFUgella, The Gothes did the like, and left to hang
ouer their ihoulders greatflockes of haires curled 9 which
the authours of that time doe c^W granos , which fafliion of
Conn/. Bracca- haireswas forbidden to Priefls, alG3thefecularapparell,in
unf.uCan,!^, aCouncellofthcGothes : and 7or»<*»^;/f / in the Hiftory of
the Gothes recitcth that King At alar ic would that the
Prieftsfhould wcrethe7'/?wr<?,orhat, making two foits of
pcople,foinc whom he called Pileatos, xht others Capiliatof,
which thcfc rookc for fo great a fauour to be called hairy,
\ that they made mention of this benefit in their fongs : and

\ notwithdiindingthey braided not their haires. But I finde

\ by the teftimony of Tacitttsthat the Sueuians a Nation of

\ ^ Germany did wreath, knit, and tic their haires on the
\ crowne oftheir heads, euen as we haue Taid of the i'^»ri-

\ ^Hois and ArmoHchiqnois. In one thing the Armottchiquois

\ ' <^v)e

the people
as may be
^comman-
hangcd,ro
ig, and his
. ThcRo-
icr by die
his office,
ics : Fade
fufpendito^
icrly pco-
>ng li aires,
>tbedeni-
afion gaue
^//peaking

y, becaiifc
did beat
Gregory of
h it Capita
•ft to hang
:d, which
fafhion of
pparell,in
Hjftoryof
i that the
I'ofoitsof

cd hairy,
•ngs : and
!ut I finde
N^ation of
?s on the
he Souri"
^uchiejHops
doe

^79

N4UA Frmidl

doe differ from the SoHriquois and other Sauages of New-
found-land,which is, that they pull out their haires before,
which the others doe not. Contrary to whom, Pliny reci-
tcth that at the defcent of the Ripheen Mountaincs ancient- '*''"•
ly Was the region of the tyfrimpheens , whom we now call ^ ^P* ' ^*
CMnfcoHtteSy who dwelt inforefts, but they were all flia-
uen as well men as women, and tooke it for aihamefull
thing to weare any haires. So we fee that one felfc fame
faHiion of liuingis receiued in one place and rci j^cd in a-
nother. Which is famibarily cuident vnto vs in manyo*
thcr things in our regions of thefe parts, where wc fee ma-
ners and falhions of liuing, all contrary ,yea fometimes vn-
der one and the fame Prince.

Chap. X.

^f the forme , colour , flattire, undaBiuity of the Socages :

4nd incident ly of the flies in thofe fV eft erne farts :

Ma why the Americans he not

blacke, &c»

AMongft all the formes of liuine and bodily crea-
tures y that of man is the faireuand the moflper*
fe£)r. Which was very decent, both to the creature
and to the Creator, feeing that man is placed in this world
ro command all that is heere beneath. But although that
Nature indeuoureth herfelfe alwaies to doe good , not-
withflandine fhee is fometimes (hort and forced in her
a£lions, and thereof it commeth that we hauemonders
andvgly things,contrary to the ordinary rule of others.
Tea euen fometimes after that nature hath done her ofHce,
we helpe by ourarres to render that which ihe hath made,
redicufous and mifshapen : As for example, tht'BraJilians
are borne as faire as the common fort of men,but comming
out of the wombe, they are made deformed in fquizing of -
their nofe , which is the chiefcft part wherein confifleth
the beauty of man. True it is that as in certainc Countries
:a ^ Z z they

6 bookc

te'

The Biafili- ^'^^X P*'4ifc the long nofcs, in others the hawke nofcs, fo a-
ans be O^orc mong the Braftlians it is a fairc thing to be flat nofed, as al-
»ofc<i. fo among the Mocrcs of tAfrica. which we fee to be all of

^ the fame fort. And with thefe large noftrils, the Brafiltans
are accuflomed to make themfclucs yet more deformed by
Art, making great holes in their checkcs, and vnderthe
lower lippe, for to put therein greene ftones and of other
colours, ofthe bigneflc of a teller : fo that thofe flones be-
ing taken away , it is a hideous thing to fee thofe people.
But in Florida, and cuery where, on this (ide the Tropitjue
of Cancer, our Sauages be generally goodly men , as they
be in Europe : if there be any (hort nofed one it is a rare
thing. They be of a good ftature, and I haue feene no
dwarffes there , nor any that drew neere to it. Notwith-
ftanding(asl haucfaid elfewhere)inthe Mountaines of ihe
Iroqmu, which are beyond the great fall of the great riuer
oi Canada, there is a certaine Nation of Sauagesjittle men,
valiant and feared euery where, which are more often af-
failers than defenders. But although that where we dwelt
the men be ofa good height,ncuerthele{Ie I haue feen none
fo tall as CMonfieur DeVoutrincourt^ whore talenefle be-
commcth him very well. I will notfpeake heere of chc
Patagons , a people which is beyond the riuer o{ Plate,
whom Pighafettam his voyage about the world, faith to
beof fuchanheieht, that the taleftamono-vs could fcarfc
reach to their girdle. The fame is out of the hmits of our
New France. But I will wiHingly come to the other cir-
cumftances of body ofour Sauages , feeing the (ubieft cal-
leth vs thereunto.

They are all of an Oliuc colour, or rather tawny colour,
like to the Spaniards, not that they be fo borne, but being
the moCl part ofthe time naked, they greafe their bodies,
Tlie colour and doe anointthcm (ometiines with oile, for to defend
ofthe Saua- them from the flies , which are very troublcfome , rot
Th* ■ ortu. ^"'^^y* where we wcre,but alfo thorow all that new world
«its^ of flies. ^^^ cucnin Brafily fo that ic is no wonder if BeUclmh

prince

prince of flics liath there a great Empire. Thcfe flies are
of a colour drawing towards red, as of corrupted bloud,
which makethme tobcleeue that their generation com-
meth but from the rottennefle of woods. And indeed we
haue tried that the fecond yeare, being jn a place fomvvhac
more open , wee haue had fewer of them than at the fii ft.
They cannot endure great hear, norwinde : but other-
wife (as in clofe darke weather)they are very noy fome, by
reafon of their ftings,*which they haue, longfbrfofmalla
body : & they be fo tender that i^one touch them neuer fo
little they are fquifed. They begin to come about the 1 5 ,
of lune, and doe retire themfelucs in the beginning of Sep-
tember. Being in the Port *De (^ampfem in the moneth of
Auguft I haue not feene nor felt any one 5 whereof I did
wonder, feeing that the nature of the foile and of the
woods is all one. In September, after that this vermine is
gone away, there grow other flies like vnto ours, but they
are nottroublefome, and become very bigge. Now our Sa-
uagestofaac themfelues from the ftingingof thefe crea-
tures, rubbe themfelues with certaine greafes and oiles, as I
haue faid,which make them foule and of a rawnifh colour.
Befides that alwaies they lie on the ground, or be expofed
to the heat and the wind.

But there is caufe of wondering, whereforethe5r^/i-
ansy and other inhabitants of y^^wmc^ betweene thetwo
Tropiksf, are not borne blackc as they of -r^fy/r^ , feeing
that it fecmeth it is thefelfefame cafe, being vnder one and
thefelfefamcparallell and likecleuationof theSunne.Ifthe
Poets fables were fufficient. reafons for totakcaway this
fc|uple, onemicrhtfay xh^t Phaeton hauingdone the foo-
li^ deed in condu£lingthe Charetofthe Surtne, onely
Afr'ica was burned, andthehorfcjfetagaineintheirright
couifc.beforethey came to the. Now world. But I had ra-
ther fay , that the heat of Lybia, being the caufe of this
blacknefle of men, is ingendred from the great lands Ouer
which the Sunne pailcch before it come thither, firom
T Z 3 whence

•i8r

Thedifcripti-
on of the flics
of New
France.

Wlicn the
flies come in
and when
they goc our.

Tlic Sauagfs
remedies a-
gainli ihc

tilC5.

Fi cm whence
commtththc
burning of

Ih.

the cooling
ot America.

whence the heat is dill carried more abundantly by the
fwifc motion of this great Heauenly torch. Whercunto
the great lands of chat Prouince doe alfo helpe , which are
very capablex)f chofe heaces, fpecially not being watered
Ft o whence withdoreofriiicrs, as America \%y which aboundeth in ri-
procccdeth ucrs and brookes as much as any Prouince in the World :
which doe giueperpetuall refrefhing vnto it , and makes
the region much more temperate : the ground being alfo
there more fac, and retaining better the dewes of Hcauen,
which are there abundantly , and raines alfo , forcherea-
fons abuefaid. FortheSunne finding in the meeting of
thefe lands thofe great moidnefTes, hedoch notfaile to
draw a good quantitie of them , and that fo much the
more plentifully, that his force is there great and marucl-
lous: which makes there continuall raines , efpeciallyto
them that haue him for their zenith. I adde one great rca-
fon, that the Sunne leaning the lands o£ Africa , giueth his
beames vpon a moid element by fo long a courle, that he
hath good meanes to fucke vp vapors, and to draw toge-
ther with him ^reat quantitie thereof into thofe parts:
which maketh that the caufe is much differing of the co*
lour of thefe two peoplciandofthe temperature of their
lands.

Let vs come to other circumRancesf, and feeing that we

are about colours , I will fay , that all they which I haue

feene haue blacke haires, fome excepted which haue a-

bram colour haires : but of flaxen colour I haue feene

none,andlefreofred: and one mud not thinke that they

which are more Southerly be othcrwife : for the Floridi-

ans and Brafilians antyct blacker than the Sauages of New

found land; The beard of the chinne (which our Sauages

call migidom)'\% with them as blacke as their haires . They

all take away the producing caufe thereof, except thci^/i-

camos, who for the mod part haue but a little. Memhertou

hath more than all the others, and notwithdanding it is

not chicke , as it is commonly with Frendunen. If thefe

v:r:'i" ^ ■-^' ^^ ' people

Black haires.

people weare no beards on their chinne ( at the lead the
ino(tparc)thcreisnocaufcofmaruclling. For theancienc
Romans then:irelues,e(leeiTiing that that was a hindc ranee
vnto them J did weare none, vntill the time of Adrianthz
Emperour, who firfl began to weare a beard. Which they
tooke for fuch an honour, that a man accufed of any
crime, had not that priuiledge to fhaue his haires, as may
be gathered by the teftimonie oi AulusCjelliHs ^ fpeaking ^.Gr/./«.^ C4.
ofScipio, the fonne oiPauL As for the inferiour parts, our
Sauages doe not hinder the growing or increafing of
haires there. It is faid that the women haue fome there al-
fo. And according as they be curious , fome of our men
haue made them beleeue , that the French women haue
beards on their chinnes, and haue left them in that good
opinion , fo that they were very defirous to fee fome of
them, & their maner of clothing. By thefe particularities
one may vnderQand, that all thefe people haue generally
ledcr haires than we : for along the body they haue none
at all : fo farre is it then that they be hairie as fome thinke.
This belongeth to the inhabitants of the WtsGorgades,
from whence Hatrno the Carthaginien captaine brought
two womcns skinnes , which he did fet vp in the temple ,
ol lum for great fingularitie : But heere is to bee noted
what we hauefaid, that our fauage people haue almoft all
their haires blacke : for the Frenchmen in one i^nd the
felfcfarae degree are not commonly fo. The ancient au- jhpcorpo-
thors Poi^ifiHf, C<efar, Strabo, Diodore theCicilian, and rail qualmc*
particularly AmmUn Marcellm, doefay, thattheanci- oftheanci-
ent GW/o/j had aimoft all their haires as yellow as gold, cm GauUois.
were of high ftature, and fcarcfull for their gaftly lookes :
befides quarclfonie and readie to (Irike : a fearefull voice,
neuer fpeaking but in threatning. At this time thofc qua-
Ktics are well changed. For there are not now fo many
yellow haires : nor fo many men of high ftature , but that
other nations haueastall : As for thefcarcfuil lookes, the
delicacies of this time haue moderated that : and as for

the

1J4

The beauty
of theeies.

tliethreatning VQJce, Ihauefcarfe fccneinall the GauUs
but the Gafcons , and them of Languedoc, which haue
their maner offpeech fomewhat rude 1 which they reraine
of the GotiQiaiidof the Spaniard, by theirneiehbour-
hood. But as for the haires it is very faire from being fo
commonly blacke* The fame author Ammian faith alfo^
that the women of the Gaules{\\\iom he noted to be good
fhrewes , and to bee too hard for their husbands, when
they are m choier) haue blue eies : and confequenciy the
ii)cn:andQotwith(landinginthatrefpe6l wee are much
mingled : which maketh that one knoweth not what
rarenelTe to chuie for the beautie of eies. For many doe
loue the blue eies , and others loue them greene : which
were alfo in ancient time moft praifed. Foramongthe
Sonnets of Monjlcurde Cotici, (who was in old time fo
great a clerke in loue matters, that fongs were made of it)
greene eies are praifed*

The Germans haue kept better than we the qualities
which Tacitus giueth them, likewife that which Ammian
reciteth of the Ganllois : In fo great a number of men(faith
Tacittis) there is but one fafhion of garments: They haue
blue eies and fearefull, their haires (hiningas gold^and are
very corpulent. Pliny giueth the fame bodily qualities to
the people of the Z^/>rtf^<iw, faying that they haue redde
haires, their eies blue, and the voice horrible and feare-
full. wherein I know not if I ought to beleeue him, won-
fidering the climate, which is in the 8, 9. and 10. degrees
onely,andthatin the kingdomeof C^/^r/rr^, farther off
than thczAEijittino£iiai\inc, the men arc blacke. But as for
our Sauagesjconcerning their eies,they haue rhcm neither
blue nor greene, but blacke for the mod party like to their
haires : and neuerthelefle their eies are not fmall , as they
oftheancienti'9'^^/^«j, but ofa decent greatneffe. And I
may (ay aiTuredly and truely, that Ihauefeene there as
faire boies and girles, as any can be in France. For as for
the mouth, they haue no bigge mooriflb lippes, as in Jfri'

cdy and alfo in Spaine \ they are well limmed, well boned,
and well bbdiedi competently ftrong: and neiierchelede
we had many in our company who might haue wrcftled
well enough with the (Irongcft of them : but being hard-
ncd, there would be made of them very good men for the
warre, which is that wherein theymoiHclight. Morco-
ucr, among them there is none of thofe prodigious men
whereof'P//«7makcth mention, which haue no nofes in
their faces ,or no lips,or no tong: Item, which are without
mouth,& without nofc,hauing but two fraall holes,wher-
ofoneofthemfcrueth for to breath , the other fcructh in
ilcad ofa mouth : Item, which haue dogges' heads, and a
dogge for king : Item, which haue their heads on the
brcft, oronconely eicinthe miv'deft of the forehead, or a
flat broad foot to couer their hea 's when itraineth, and
fuchlikemonfters. There is none alfo of them which our
%z.w2icrt^gohanrMto\6i captaine lames ^uartter that hce
had fcene in Saguenajy whereof we haue fpoken heereto-
fore. if there be any bhnde with one eie, or lame (as it
hapneth fometimes) it is a cafuall thing, and commeth of

hunting.

Being well compofed, they cannot chufe but be nim*
ble and iwift in running* We haue fpoken heeretofore of
the nimbleneflc of the BraJiliAm,Margaias and Ott^etacas:
but all nations haue not thofe bodily difpofitions. They
which Hue in mountains haue more dexteritie than they
•fthe vallies, becaufcthey breath a purer and cleerer aire,
and that their food is better. In the vallies the aire is grof-
fer, and the lands fatter, and confequently vnholefommer.
The nations that be between the Tropikes, haue alfo more
agilitie than the others, participating more with the firie
nature than they that are farther off. This is the caufe why
P/;>n'fpeakingofthe(jor|^««« and lies Gorgonides (which
are thofe of C<if> Verd) faith, that the men are there fo
U«^hc of foote,that fcarfc one may follow them by the ey e-
° AsL fighc,

iis

Monilrouj
bodies.

cap. J I,

Inthisau*
thorhisfe-
cond booke^
chap. 15.

Nimbleneflc
of bodic,

Gorge nc*»

I i-*

(ight, in fuch maner , that Hatmo the Carthaginian could
not catch any one of them. He makcth the Tike relation
oftheTrofflodj/tes, a nation of CjHinee, whom hce faith arc
CQi^z^iTherothoens, bccaufcthey are asfwift inhuming
vpontheland,astheyf/;/A^£»/>/j4^w are prompt infwim-.
in^inchcfea, who almoQ are as feldome wearie therein
asafiih. kndi^^^i^eus in his Hiftories of the Indies re«
porteth, that the N Aires ( fo the nobles and warriours arc
called) of the kingdome oiLMaUbaris, are fo nimble and
fo fwift,as it is almoft incredible , and doc handle fo well
their bodies at will, that they feeme to haiie no bones , in
fuch fort, thai it is hard to come to skirmifh againfl fuch
men, forafmuch as with this agilitie, they aduance and re-
coile as they li(l. Bur for to make themfelucs fuch, they
heipe nature , and their (inewes are (Irctchcd out euen
Se/4M«a kind from feucny ceres of age, which afterward arc anointed
ofcorne,P/i- and rubbcd with oilc of J'^wxxxi. That which I fay, is
f». /i.i«.c4.io. knowen euen in beads :fora SpaniQi Genet or a Barbeis
more liuely and light in running , than a Rooffm or Ger«
main Curtail $ an Italian horfe more than a French horfe.
Now although that which I bauc faid be true , yet for all
that there be nations out of the Tropins, who by cxer-
cife and Art come to fuch agilitie. For the holy Scripture
makcth mention of one Ha<.aeian Ifraelite, of whom it
witnedcthjthathewas as light of foot asaRoe buckeof
the fields. And for to cometo the people of the North,
the Heru/i are renouned for being fwift in runing,by this
\zx£co^ Sidoniw :

Curfu HeruluSj iacnlls HHnnHS^TrAncufque natatu.
And by this fwiftncCTe the Germans fometimcs troubled
very much lulim Ctfar, So our ArmoHchiqHois are as (wift
as greyhounds, as we haue faid hecrtof<>re| and the other
Sauagcs arc little inferior vnto them, and yet they do not
force nature, neither doe they vfe any Art to run well.
Bur as the ancient Gmlois, being addicted to hunting (for

Haxael.
%, Samuel x«

•Hi

T^jM Franeia. 287

tt is their life) and to warrc, their bodies are nimble , and
fo little charged with fatte, that it doth not hinder them
irom ruiiningarcheirwill.

Now thcSauagcs dexteritie is not knowenonely by Their Jcxte-
runnij^gjbiitalfoinfwimniing; which they all can doc; I'tieinlWim*
hilt i I fccnies, that fome more than others. A% for the Bra-- ^"8*
/7//^»j they are fb naturall in that trade, that they would
iwinmie eight dales in the fca, if hunger did not prclTe
thcm,andtTicyfearc more that fome filli (liould dcuourc
them, than to perifli through wcarinefl'e . Thelike is in
Florida, where the men will follow a fi(h in the fca, and
will rake it vnleile it be too bigge. lofcph yicofia faith fo
much of them oiPern, And as for that which concern-
eth breathing , they haueacertaine Art tofuppevp the
water, and tocaflit out againe, by which raeancs they
willremaineeafilyinitalongtime. The women hkewife
haue a maruellous difpoHtion to that exercife : for the Hi-
(lory oi Florida maketh mention that they can paife great
riuers in (wimming , holding their children with one
arme : and they dimbe very nimbly vpthe higheft trees
of the countrey. I will affirme nothing oithcArmQttchi^
^Hoisy nor of our Sauages , becaufe I tooke no heed to it :
but it is very- certaine chat all can fwim very cunningly.
For the other parts of their bodies they haue them veric
pcrfeft, as Hkewife the natu rail fenfes. For miemhertoH
(who is aboue an hundred yeeres old) did fee fooner a ^
(haloupeoraCanow of the Sauages, to come afarre ofF
vnto Fort Royall, than any of vs : and it is faid of the Bra-
7?A^»x and other Sauages of Pern hidden in the moun-
taines, that they haue the fmelling fo good , that in fmcl- ,
ling of the hand, they know if a man be a Spaniard or a )
French man : And if he be a Spaniard, they kill him with'
out remiflion, fo much doc t hey hate him for the harmes
that they haue receiuedof them. Which theabouefaid
Acofta doth confeflc when he fpeaketh of leaning the In- MoflaMh.6\
dians to hue according to their ancient policic,reprouing («f. i*

Aa 2 the

• J

•I ••= !

s«-

i8t KcMTrsmii.

the Spaniards in that. And therefore ( (kith he ) this is a
thing preiudiciall vntovs, becaufetnac they take occa-
fion to abhor vs (note that he fpeakcth of them who doc
obey them^ as men who in ail things, whether it be in
good, whether it be in cuill| hauc alwaic^ b^cnc > and Qj\\
ace^ contrary vnto chcip*

Ch A p. XI.

Of the Paifitings , LMark,es^ Inctfiwi, 4mei
Ornaments of their hodjf,

T is no marueli if the Ladies of our time do paint then^-
felues : for of a long time and in many places tiiat trade
hath had beginning. But it is reprooued in the holy
bookes , and made a reproach by the voices of the Pro-
phets , as when leremj threatneth the Citie of lerufAlem :
lcrem.4.v«f. ivhenthoujhait bedefiroied (faith he) whatwihthoH eUe?
though thou clothejithyfelfewithsk^lety though thou deckr
eii thyfelfe with Ornaments of gold, though thou faint eft thy
face with colours^ yet ^altthou trin^ thyfelfe invaine : for
thylouers will abhor thee , andfeel^ thy life. The Prophet
E^echiel maketh the like reproach to the Cities oilerufa-
lemsind Samaria, which hecomparethto cwoleaud har-
lots, who hauingfcntto feeke out men comming from ^r,
and beingcomc,they haue wafhed themfelues,and painted
their faces , and haue put on their faire ornaments. The
Queene lefabeldo'ing the fame^was for all that cad downe
out of a window, andhxrcthe punifhmcnt of her wicked
life. The Romans did anciently paint their bodies with
Vermillion (as Pliny faith) when they cntrcd in triumph
into Rome, and headdeth, thatthe Princes ^ great Lords
ofSthiopia made great account of that colour, wherewith
they wholly painted themfelues red :alfo both the one and
the other didferue themfelues therewith to make their
god fairer : And that thefirft expence which was allowed
of by the Cenfors and Maftersof Accounts in Rome was

Ezech. 2 J.
verr,4p.

4.Kmgs.p.
verf 30.

7(sifd Frdffcia. 289

of tlie monies bcftowcd for to colour with vermilion the
face of lupitcr. The fame author rcciteth in another place,

people oiLiifj/1, did plaifter all their bodies ouer with red
chaulkc. Bricfcly,thi$ fafliion did palTcasfarreas to the
North. And thereof is come the name that wasgiuen to
the Pi6ls,an ancient piop\co(Scjithia , neighbours ro tho
(7o//;w,who in they care 87. after the Natiuity of our Lord
lefits Chrift , vnder the Empire of Domitian made courfcs
and fpoiles thorow the lies which lie Northward, where
hauing found men who made themre(iflance,thcyretur«
ned backe without doing anv thing, and liued y ec naked
in their cold Countrie vntiU the yeare of our Lord 3 70. At
which time vnder the Empire o^ Valentinian being ioy- jmmiM it,
ned with the Saxons and Scots they tormented very much i'C, & 17*
them of Great Britan, as ^yimmian Aiarcellin reciteth: and
being refolued to remaine there (as they did) they deman-
ded of the Britons (which now are EngUHimen } wiues in
marriage. Whereupon being denied, they retired them ->
felues to the Scots,of whom they were fumi(hed, vpoa
condition that the mafculinerace of the Kings comming
Co faile among them, that then the women (hould fucceed
in the Realme. Now thefc people were called T/<J?/, be-
caufeofthe paintings which they vfcd vpon their naked
bodies, which (faith HercMan)t\\ty would not couer with HcroJ.j.
any clothing for fcare to hide and darken the faire painting bookc.
they had fct vpon it , where were fet out beads of all forts,
and printed with Iron inftruments, infuch fortthatitwas
vnpoflTible to takcthemoflf. Whkh they did (as Solin faith)
euen from their infancy : inmaner th^^asthe child did
grow, fo did grow thofc fixed figures, euen as the markes
that arc graued vpon the yong pompions. ThcToet
Qaudian doth alfo giuevs many witncfles of this in his
Pane^jriques, as when he fpeaketh of the Empcrour Hono-
riits his Grand-father :

Ille Lems Mauros, nee f alfo nomine PiSlos
';- Aa 5 F.d$mitk

igo

Jtdomttit'

Ttftml.eitye.
land, virgin.
Jornandes de
LeUo Cot.
Ifidor.Uh. 1 6.

— TT- And in the Gothickc warrc
VtrroquenoteitM

The Weft
Xndhas.

^erlegit exammes FiEio morientefiguras, .
This hath becne noted by A^fgnjieftr de Tielleforefi , and
afterward by the learned S an Aran vpon the obferuation
\^^:MSidoine dePoUgnAC makcth thereof. And albeit that
Q\M Cell i(]He Pott cvim , called by the Ltsxm^sPtSlones, be
nocdefccnded from the raccouhofe (for they were anci-
ent Cauliois euen in IhUhs dtfars time) ncuertheleflc I may
well beleeiie that this name hath beene g iuen them for the
fame occafion as that of the PiEls, And as cuftoaies once
brought in among a people are not loflbutby the length
of many ages (as we fee yet the follies of Shroue-Tucfday
to contini>c ) fo tlic vfes ofpainting, whereof we haue fpo-
ken reniaiaech in fome Northerly Nations. For Ihaiie
heard fornetimes Monfieur Le Comte /)'<?^7» Wtell,that he
bath feene in his y ong yeares them oiBrunzmch come in-
to his fathers houfc with their faces greafed with painting,
and their vifage all blacked, from whence peraduenture
this word of Bronzer may be dcriued, which fignilieth in
Picardy to blacke. And generally I belecue that all thofc
Northerly people did vfe painting,^whcn they would make
themfelues braue. For the Gelonszx\6i •y^gathyrfesy^m-
ons of Scythui like the PiBs, were of this|fraternity , and
with Iron inftruments did colour their bodies. TheEug-
lillimcn likewife , then called Britons, by the faying of
TertHllim, Tbe Gothes , befides the Iron inftruments, did
vfe vermiilion to make their faces and bodies red.Briefely,
itwasafportin the old time to fee fo ws^ny Jfjtikes , men
and women: forj^ere arc found yet old Pidures, which he
that hath made the Hiftoryof the Engli/hmens voyage
into Virgima hath cut in braflfejwhere the Pt^s of both fex
are painted out, with their fair incifions,and fwords hang-
ing vpon the naked flefli, as//fr/>^/VT»defcribeththem.

This humour of painting hauing beene fo gencrall in
thefe parts , there is no caufe of mocking, if the people of

the

varrc

'refi , and
•feruation
bcic that
^ones, be
^'crc anci-
:fle I may
:m for the
lues once
he length
•Tuefday
Iiaue fpo-
or Ihaiic
:ll,thathe
'come in-
painting,
iduenture
^nifieth in
itailthofe
>uld make
y^/. Nati-
vity, and
rheEug-
faying of
lents, did
Bricfcly,

ivhichhe
s voyage
both fcx
•dshang-
thcm.
inerall m
)CopIcof
the

191

Mud Fnncia.

the Weft Indies haue done, and yet do the like : which is
vniuerfall 6c without exception among thofe nations. For
ifanyoneofthemmakethloue, hediall be painted with
blue or red colour, and his Midres alfo. If they haue veni-
fon in abundance ^ or be glad for any thing, they will doe
the like generally. But when that they are fadde, or plot
fome trcafon^then they ouercad all their face with blacke,
and are hideoufly deformed. Touching the body,our Sa-
nages apply no painting to it , which the firaiilians and
Floridians doe, the moft part whereof are painted ouer the
bodie, the armes and thighes withfaire branches j whofe
painting can neuer be taken away, becaufe they are prick-
ed within the Hefh. Notwithftanding many Braplians doe
paint onely their bodies (without incinon)when they hfti
and this with the iuice of a certaine fruit which they call
genipat, which doth blacke fo much , that though they
wadithemfelues, they cannot bee cleaneintenortwelue
daies after. They oft/'/rfwi/i, which are more of this fide, Yirgi
haue markes vpon their backs, hke to thofe that our mar-
chants doe put vpon their packs, by the which ( euen as
the (laues ) one may know vnder what Lord thev liue :
which is a faire forme of gouemment for this people : fee-
ing that the ancient Roman Emperors haue vfcd the
Hke towards their fouldiers, which were marked with the
Imperiallmarke, ^s Saint AHgttfline y SMnt Ambrofe^ and l^"^*"*"!',
others doc witnefTevnto vs. Which thing C(?»/?^»^/«^ the ^g^piT'
Great did likdwife , but his marke was the figne of the ^mbrcfAniht
Crofle, which he made to be printed vpon the fhouldcrs funcrall ora-
of his fouldiers , as hirafclfe faith in an Epiftle which hee ^^^ ^^ ^'*"
wrote to the king of iP^^'/<l, rcponcdby Theoaoret in the '****"'
Eccle(ia{licallhi(lorie.Andthefir(l ChriOians,as march-
ing vnder the banner of lefus Chrtfi, did cake the fame
marke, which they printed in their hand, oronthearme,
to the end to know one another, fpecially in time of perfc-
cution , as Procofim faith , expounding this place of
Ifaiah : One mil fay, I am the Lords , and the ether rvi/l call Ifai.44 f.

himfeife

mia.

193

G:ilat.6.

t)t.uc.i4.i.

■11,

H '

M'il. J.

Mm/'i

■ J 1 .

IP ^

himfelfe with the name oflncob : and the ether will write with
his hand,! am the Lords, and will fur name himfelfe with the
name oflfraeL The great Apoftlc S, Paul did bcarc the
marks of the Lord lef'ta Chrifl in his flcfli , but it was yet
after another maner, that i.s to fay, by thebrufes^ which
he had on his body of the Clripes that he had reccaued for
his name. And the Hebrewes had for inarke the Circiimci-
fion of the foreskinne, by the which they are fequeflrcd
from other nations, and knowen for Gods people. But as
for other bodily incifions, fuch as anciently the TiEls did
make j and the Sauages doe yet make at this day , they hauc
beene anciently very exprefly forbidden in the Law of
God giuen to Mejes, For it is not lawfull for vs to disfi-
gure the image and the forme that God hath giuen vnto
vs. Yea the pictures and paintings haue beene blamed
andreproouedby the Prophets, as wee haue noted elfe-»
where. And 7Vrr«///4» faith, thattheAngels which hauc
difcouered and taught vnto men their paintings and coun-
terfetted things, haue beene condemned of God : allea-
ging for profe of his faying , the booke oi Enochs prophe-
cie. By thefe things aboue recited, wee know that this
hether world hath anciently been as much deformed and
fauageas they of the Wed Indies ^ but that which feem-
cth vnto mee moft woorthie of wondering, is the naked-
neffe of thofepeople in a cold countrie , wherein they
delight, euen to harden their children in the fnow, in the
riuer, and among the Ice, as we touched heeretofore
in an other chapter, fpeakingofthe Qmbres
and French-men. Which alfo hath
beene their chiefeft (Irengtli in
the conquefts that they
> haue made.

• - •,: (V)

CHAPr

I&H4 Tranm*

Chap. XII.

IP3^

' of thsir outward ormmsnts of the hodj, bracelets,
CarkenctSyEare-ringSyC^c.

WE that doc line in thefc parts vndcrtheautho-
ritie of our Princes , and ciuilifcd common-
wealths, haue two great tyrants of our life , to
whom the people of the New world hauc not beene yet
fubicftcd, the excefTes of the belly , and the ornament of
body, and briefly all that which belongeth to brauerie,
which if we (liould cad ofFj it would be a raeanc to recall
the golden age, and to take away the calamitie which we
fee in mod part of men. For hee which poiTciOreth much)
making fmall expence, would beliberall,& would fuccour
thcneedie,whereuntohcishindred, willing notonely to
maintaine, but alfo to augment his traine, and to make
(hew of himfelfe , very often at the cofts of the poorc p. .
people , whofebloud hee fucketh , ^idevorant ^lebem ^anj**!^*'*
meamjicut efcant pa»is, faith the Pfalmift. Ileauc that vcrf, j.
which belongeth to food, not being my puipofe to fpeake
ofit in this Chapter. Ileauc alfo the exccf Fes which confi- ^*", ^^'
fleth in houdiold implements , fending the reader backe
to Pimy, who hath fpoken amply of the Roman pompes
andfupcrfluitic, asofveffelsafter the Fttrvieme and Cio^
^/>»»^fafliion| of bed-fteades after the D e/ia^ef a(t\ionf
and of tables all wrought with gold and (iluer imboHed $
where alfo he fetteth out a flaue DmfiUanHs Rotundm, who
being Trcafurer of the higher Spaine, caufed a forge to be
made for to worke a peece of Siluer-plate of Hue quintals
weight, accompanied with eight other, all weighing halfc j^^^.^^^ l^
a quintall. I will onely fpeake of the Matachias of our Sa- bracelets
i}ages,and fay, that if we did content our felues with their carkenecsy
Hmplicity we Hiould auoid many troubles that we put our a"^ o«h«
felues vnto to hauc fuperfluities, without which we might »o^^»«»'
liuc contentedly (becaufe Nature is fatisfied with lictle)and

Bb the

ii-

51,

i?4

f<^, lO,

Mua Francia,

the coueting whereof makes vsveryofcenco decline from
the right way, and to ftray from the path of iudice. The
exceiies of men doe confill the molt part in things which
Ihauc faidlwill omir^ which notwithftanding i will not
leaue vntouched, if it come to piirpofe. But Ladies haue
alwaies had this reputation ; to loue excelTes ^n that which
The Gift concerneth the decking of their bodies : And all the Mo*
bookc Tdda^, ralifts who haue made profcffion to reprcfle vices haue
mentioned them , where they haue found a laro-e fubicft
to fpeake &f. Clement Alexandrine making a long nume-
ration of womens trinckets (which he hath the moil part
taken out of the Prophet Ifatah) faith in the end, that he is
weary to fpeake fo much of it, and that he maruellechthat
they are not killed with fo great a weight.

Let vstake them then by thofe parts wherein they be

complained of. TertuUian maruellcth of the audaciouf-*

nefle of man, which fetteth himfelfe againft the word of

our Sauiour, which faid : that it is not in vs to adde any thing

to the meafure er height that God hathgiuen vnto vs: andnot*

rvithftanding Ladies endeuour themfelnes to doe to the contra--

rj/i adding vpen their heads cages made of hair es , fajhioned

liketoloanes of bread, to hats, to panniers, or to the hoUowneffe

offcHtchions, If they he not ajhamed with thufuperfiuopts enor"

mity, at leafl (faitn he) let them be ajhamed of the filth which

they be are : and not to couer a holy and a Chriflian head with

the leauings of another heady ^raaHenturevncleane, or guilty

offome crime, and ordained to ajhamefulldeath. And in the

fame place,fpeakingofrhem which do colour their haires:

That is called Ifcefome (faith he) who doe change the colour of their haires

CrecHfhantU* mthfaffron. They are ajhamed of their Countrie , and would

be GauloiJ'e women, or ^erman women, fo much doe they dij'-

S. Cjffr. in the guife themfelues. Whereby is knowen how much red haires

b©okc of the ^gf g cftccmed in the old time. And indeed the holy

v-ugms c o- Scripture praifeth that of Dauid,which wasfuch. Butto

S. Weww, £f I. feekc it out by art , *> . Cyprian and S . Hiero me , with our

CO Lata, TertuUian doc fay, that the fame doth prefage the fire of

hell.

Tert,inthc
bookeofwo
mens orna.
ments.

Aleflbn for
tlie women
of our time.

NiUdFrdncid.

helLNow our Sauages, in chat which c(5nfiftcth in the bor-
rowing of haircs , arc not rcprouablc : for their vanity
ftrctcheth not fo farrc ; but for the colouring of chcm, for
as much as when they arc merry, and paintthcirfaces, be
it with blue or with red , they paint alfo tlieir haircs with
the fame colour.

Now let vs come to the cares, to the necke, to the armcs
and to the hands, and there we fliall findc wherewith to
bufie our fclues : thefcarc parts where iewels arc cafily
feene : which Ladies haue learned very well to obferue.
Thefirft men which haue had piety in them haue made
confcience to offer any violence to Nature, and to pierce
the cares for to hang any precious thing at it : for none is
Lord of his owne members to abufethcm , fo faith the Ci-
uilian V/pian, And therefore when the fcruant of ayf^ra- GcnC j^. vcr,
ham went into LMefopotamia for to findc out a wife for Ifa- ^ *•
ac^ and had met with Rebecca , he put vpon her forehead a
iewell of gold hanging downcbetweenchereies, and alfo
bracelets of gold vpon her hands : for which rcafonitis
faid in the Prouerbs , that A f aire woman which lacketh dif- P'ow« 1 1. ver.
cretion is like a golden ring inafivines fnout. But men haue ^ ^*
taken more licence than they ought , and haue defaced
the workmanlhipof God in them , to pleafe their owne
fancies. Wherein I doc not wonder at the Urafilians) of
whom we will heereafter fpcake) but of ciuiUfed people,
which haue called othcrnations barbarous,but much more
ohhe Chriftians of this age. When ^y^w^r^ did complainc Semc.T.oihz-
of that which was in his time ; Thefollie of women (faith he) nefits.
hadnot made men fubieU enough ^hut it hath beenejet behoue-
full to hang two or three patrimonies at their eares. But what
patrimonies ? They carry ( faith Tertullian ) 1 lands and
TarmC'houfes vpon their necl^Sy and great regifiers in their
eares contaimng the revenues of a great rich man, andeuery
finffer oft he left hand hath a patrimony to play wit hall. Final-
ly ,he cannot com pare them better than to condemned men
that art in the Caucs o£ Ethiopia, w hich the more they arc

Bb a culpable,

!ii *i

■iti

Vir\

culpable, fo much the richer are they, becaufe that the fet-
ters and bolts , wherewith they are tied, are of gold. But
he exhortech the Chriftian women nottobefuchjforas
vUn. Hh. 9. < ' much as thofe things are certaine markes of lafciuioufnes,
*<</». 35. " which doe belong to thofe mifchicuous oblations of pub-
like vnchaftiry. P/irjjfy albeit he was an heathen, doth no
lefTe abhor chofeexcelfes. For our Ladies (faith he) for to
bebraue doe beare hanging at cheir fingers thofe great
pearles which are called EtenchM,\n fadiion of pcarles^^
haue two of them, yea three at cheir eares. Yea they haue
inuented names to ferue themfelues therewith in their cur-
fed and troublefome fuperfiuitics. For they call Belles^
them which they carry in number at their eares, as if they
did take pleafuretohearepeartes ginglingat their eares.
And that which is more, thchufwifly women, yea the
*' poore women alfo, decke themfelues therewith*, faying,
" that a woman ought to goe as feldome without pearles, as
a Confull without his Vrticrs. Finally,they arc come fo
farre as to adorne their (liooes with them, and garters, yea
'' their buskins arc yet full and garniOied therewith. In
fuch fort that it is not now any more que(lion to weare
pearles , but they mufl bee made to ferue for paue-
F«1.75^« " ment, tothe end to tread but vpon pearles. The fame
Authour doth recite that Lollia, Paulina forfakcn by
Caligula , in the common feafts ofmeane men was fo
ouerladen wich Emeralds and with Pearles, on her
p/w.W.3 5.^.3. head, her haires, her eares, hcrnecke, her fingers and her
armes,asweU incolars, necklaces, as bracelets, that all
did (hine at it, and that (he had of rhem to the woorth of
a million of gold. Thefamew^scxcefliue: butfheewas
the greateft PrincefTeof the world , and yet hee doth not
fay that (he did weare any on her fhooes : as he doth yet
complaine in fome other where that the Dames of Rome
did weare gold on their feete. IV hat diforder ! (faith hee)
Let vs permit the women to weare as much gold as they will
in bracelets, at their fingers^ at their necki* ^^ th^^r eares, and

<tf

197

Nma Franck.

in k^kenets and bridles ^ &c, nmfl they for all that decke their
feete with it f &c. I (liould ncucr make an cncf, if I (hould
continue this fpccch.

TheSpani(h women in Fern do go beyond that,for
their (hooes are fee oucr with nothing but plates of gold
and filuer,and garnidied with pcarles. True it is that they
are in a countrie which God hath blefl'cd abundantly
with all thcfe riches. But if thou haft not fo much of
them,do not vex thy fclfe at ity & be not tempted through
cnuy : fuch things are but earth, digged and purified with
a thoufand troubles, in the bottomeof hell, by the incre-
dible labor, & with the life of men like vnto thee : Pcarles
are but dew, reccaued within the (hell ofafifli, which arc l^^iles v\hat
fifhedbymcn that be forced to become fiflies, that is to ^l^^yl^^*
fay , to be alwaies diuing in the depth of the fea. And for
tohaue thefc things , and to be clothed infilke, and for
to haue robes with infinite foldes, wcturmoile our felues,
wee take cares which doe (horten our daies , gnaw our
bones, fuckeout our marrow, weaken our bodies, and
conTumeour fpiric.He that hath meat and drinke is as rich
as all thcfcjif he could confider it. And where thofe things
doe abound, there delights doe abound^ and confequent-
ly vices : and to conclude, behold what God faith by his
Propliet : They jhallcaji their filuer out into theftreetes,And
their gold /halt he but dnng , and^allnot delitter them in the f-zcc.j.if
day of my great wrath, Hee that will haue further know-
ledge of the chaftifcments wherewith God doth threaten
the woman thatabufe carkenetsand iewels,whichhaue
no other care but to attire and decke themfelues, goe with
their breads open, their eies wandring, and wich a proud
gate , let him readc the third chapter of the Prophet
Ifaiah, I will not for all that blame the Virgins which
haue fomc golden things , or chaincs of pcarles , or other
iewels, alfofomemodeftvefture : forthatiscomlinc{re,
and all things arc made for the vfeof man : but cxceflc is
that which is to be blamed, bccaufe that vnder that, very

Bb ; often

1^8

iliis-sii

'$\

NfiuaFroffcia.

ofccn is larciuioufncfTe hidden. Happie are the people
which not hauing the occafions to finne, doe purely fcruc
God, and pofl'etle a land which furnifhcth them of that
which IS neccflaric for life. Happie are our Sauage peo-
ple if they had the full knowledge of God ; for in that cafe
they be without ambition, vaine-glorie,enuie, auarice,6c
haueno care ofthefcbraueries, which wee haue now de-
fcribed: but rather doe content themfeluestohaue Ma-
tachtas, hanging at their eares, and about their necks, bo-
dies, armes, andlegges. The Erajilians, TloridianSj and
ArmotichUjuois, doe make carkenets and bracelets (called
boH-reinBrafill, and by ours LMatachias) of the (lielles of
thofe great fea cockles, which be called Vignols, like vnto
fnailes, which they break & gather vp in a thoufand pee-
ces, then doe fmooth them vpon a hot (lone , vntill they
do make thsm very fmall , and hauing pierced them, they
make them beads with them , like vnto that which wee
caW Pourcelaine. Among thofe beads they intermingle bc-
tweene fpaces other beads , as blacke as thofe which I
hauefpoken of to be white, made with Iet,or certain hard
and black wood which is hke vnto it, which they fmooth
and make fmall as they lill, and this hatha very good
grace. And ifthings arc to beefteemed for their fafhion,
aswefeeit praftifedinour merchandifcs, rhefe colars,
skarfFeS, and bracelets made of great peri wincles or pour-
cclaine, are richer than pearles, ( notwithflanding none
wilibeleeuemeheerein) fodoe they cflceinc them more
than pearles, gold or fiiuer: And this is that which they of
, Bca Jes much the great riucr oi Canada in the time of Lim. ^artier did
rtktmed. call Efttroin (wherof wc haue made mention heertoforc)
a word which I haue had much ado to know , and which
BellefGrcfl the Cofmographer vndeiHod not, when hee
would rpeake ofit. At this day they haue not any more of
them, or clfe they haue loft the knowledge to make them ;
For they vfe Mattachias very much, that are brought vn-
to them out of France.Now as with vs, fo in that country,

vvoracn

Icr.

ipf

N0M Francia.

women doc decke chemfclucs with fuch things , and will
haue chaines that will goc t wclue times about their necks,
hanging downevpon their breds, and about their hand
wrelts, and aboue the elbow. They alfo hang long firings
ofthem at their eares, which come downe as low as their
ihoulders. Ifthemenweareany, it will bee oiKly feme
yongmanthatisinlouc. InthccountryofF/r^/ww where Penics im
ibmepearlcs be found, the women do wearecarkenecS|CO- Vn-mia.
lars and bracelets of them, orclfc of peeces of copper Copper.
(made round like fmall bullets) which is found in their
mouncaines, where fome mines of it are. But in Port Roy-
all,and in the confines thereof, and towards New-found
hnd, and SLtT4^oftJfac, where they haue neither pearles
nor vignols, the maides and women doe make Mattachi^
asy with the quilles or bridles of the Porcepine, which
they die with blacke, white, and red colours , as liuely as
pofnbly may be , for our skarlets haue no better ludre ..
than their redde die : But they more efleemc the Matta- ^^^^\^^2it
chias which come vnto them from the Armouchiquois
countrey , and they buy them very deare j and that be-
caufe they can get no great quantitie of them , by reafon
ofthewarres that thofe nations haue continually one a-
gainft another. There is brought vnto them frcm France
Mattachias made with fmal quilles of glafTe mingled with
tinne or lead, which are trucked with them, and meafured
by thefadam/or wantofan ell : and this kind of Merchant
difeis in that counti'y,that which the Latins doe caWAdHn-
dttsmuliebrts. They alfo make of them fmall fquaresof
fundry colours , fowcd together, which they tie behinde,
onthelittlechildrenshaires. The men doe not much care
for them, except that the 'Braftlians doe wear^about their
ncckes halfemoones of bones very white, which they call
^-<ic/of the Moonesname : And our Souhijteois doelike-
wifewcarefome iollities oflikeftufFe,withoutexce(Ic.And
they which haue none of that,doc commonly carry a knife
beforetheir breRs , which they doe not for ornament: but

for

aoo

K<r«ii<«>i the
^.bookc.

Npua Franch.

for want ofpocVcc, and becaufcicis an implement which
atull times is neccdary vnco them. Some haue girdle|
made o{ OMatachias , wherewith they fcruc themfclues,
only whenihcy will fct out themfclues and make them
h\;k\iC.1\\Q jiutmciKs orSooth-faiers do carry before their
breaQs feme figne of their vocation, as wc will heereafter
lay. But as for the men of the ArmoHchtqHou they haue a
faihiontowearcatthcir hand- wrcfts, and abouc the ancle-
bone of the toot, aloout their Ic^ s, plates of Copper,fctter-
wife,and about their walls g;irdles , fafhioned with Cop-
per quils as longasthc middle finger filed together the
length of a girdle, euen iuft of that fafhion which Herodiart
rccitcthto hauebeenc in vfe among the P/^^?/, wher^wc
haue fpoken , when he faith , that they girded their bodies
and their necks with iron, cfteeming that to be a great or-
nament vnto them, & a teftimony of their great riches, c-
Siuage Scots, uen as other Barbarians do to haue gold about them. And
there arc yet in Scotland Sauagc men,which neither ages,
noryeeres , nor the abu.iJance of men could yet rccuic«
vnto ciuilitie. And althougli that (as we haue faid) the men
be notfo defirous oiLMatachias as the women, notwith-
ftandingthemenof^r^//, not caring for clothing, take
great plcafure to decke and garnifh themfelues with the
feathers of birds , anddoevfethofc wherewith wcvfeto
fill our beds whereon we lie, and chop them as fmal as pie-
meat, which they die in red, with their Brafill-wood,then
hauing anointed their bodies with certaine gums^ which
feruc them in ftead ofpafte or glue,they couer themfelues
with thofe feathers, and make a garment at one clap, after
the anticke fafliion : which hath made (faith lohn de Leri
in his Hiftorie oi America) thefirft of our men that went
thitherto beleeue that the men which be called Sauages
were hairie ouerall their bodies, which is nothing fo. For
(aswee haue alrcadiefaid^the Sauages in whatpart foeuer,
haue lelTer haires than wc. They oi Florida doc alfo vfc
thiskinde of downe, but it is oncly about their heads, to

make

ment which
lauc gircflcj
thcmfelucs,
make thcni
before tlicir
llliecrcafcer
thcyhauea
!cthcaiu)6-
ppci,fcttcr-
W'iih Cop-
ogcrhcr the
ch Herodiari
, whcr^wc
their bodies
•c a great or-
at riches, e-
them. And
cither ages,
i yet rccUic«
aid) the men
n, notwich-
)thing, take
cs wjth the
th wevfeto
ifmalaspie-
-woodjthen
inis^ which
themfelues
c clap, after
(ohn de Leri
ri that went
led Sauagcs
lingfo. For
art foeucr,

loc alfo vfc
ir heads, to
make

makcthenifelues more vghe. Befides this that wc«c saue
raid, the BrMfitians doe make frontlets of feathers which
fliey tie and fit in order of all colours : thofe frontiers be-
ing like in failiion to thofe rackets or pcriwig^es , which
Ladies vfe in thefe parts, the inuetuion whereof they
fceme to haue learned of thofe Sauages. As for them of
our New France, in the daies that be of folemnitic and re-
ioycing among them , and when they goe to the warres,
they haue about their heads as it were a crowne made
with long haires of an Elian or Scagge , painted in redde,
paded, or ocherwife faftned , to a nllec of leather of three
fingers bredth,fuch as lames £li4artier£m\\ he had feene
with the King(fo doth he call him) and Lord of the Saua«
ges, which he found in the cowne of Hochelaga, But they
doe not vfe fo many ornaments of feathers as the Brajilim
anst which make gowncs of them, cappes, bracelets, gir-
dles, and ornaments for their cheekes » and targets vpon
their loines,of all colours, which would bee more tedious
thandelightfulltofpecifie, fincc it is an eaiie matter for
cuery one to fupplie the Qant, and to imagine what it is»

Chap. Kill*
Of Marriage,

H Ailing fpokcn of the Sauages garments , deckings,
ornaments and paintings, it hath feeraed good vn-
to me to marry them, to the end thcgeneration of
them be not loft, and thacthc countrie oemaine notdefert.
For the firft ordinance that cucrGod made, was to in-
creafeand multiply, and cuery creature capable of gene-
ration to bring foorth fruit according to his kind. And to Tk- • • A
the end to incourage young folkcs that doeraarrie, the Joffcoflhc
lewes had a cuftomc anciently to fill a trough with Talmud in
earth, in the whkh, a little before the wedding, they did theTreatie
fowe barley, and the fame being fprung, they brought it of Idolatries
to the Bridcgroome and the Bride , faying : JBrmg foorth I

^ Cc fi-Hit ^

)

ao2

;h!

Mil'

Canadians.

€C

NouaFrincU.

fruit and mnltiplj/ as this harUj , which hrlngi fo$rth foontr
than alt ort her feeds,

Nowcorcciirnecoour Sauages,inanythinking(asl bc-
lceuc)thatrhcybcfomcloggcsof wood, or imagining a
Common-wealth of Piato , doc demand if they hauc any
mariiage, and if there be any Priefls in Canada to manic
them. Wherintheyleemeto be very raw and ignorant.
Captaine lames ^^JiMrr/^r fpeakingotthe marriage of the
Canadians, m his iecond relation faith thus : They obicrue
the order of marriage, fauing that the men take two or
three wines. And the husband being dead the women
doencuer marncagaine, but doemournefor his deatli all
their life long, and doe daubcchcir face with coale beaten
to powder and with greafe, the thicknede of a knife, and
thereby arc knowcn to be widowes. Then he goeth fur-
ther: They hauc another bad cuUomewith theirdaugh-
ters : For being come to be marriageable, they are put all
inaftewchoule, abandoned to all commers, vntill they
haue found out a match : And all this hauc wee feenc by
experience. For wc haue fecnc the houfes as full of thefe
maidens, as is a Schoole of boics in France. I would hauc
thought that the faid lames ^artier had ( touching this
proflituting of maides ) added fomcwhat of his owne, but
thedifcourfe oi LMonfieur Chamflein , which is but fix
yeres fince, doth confirme the fame thing vnto me,fauing
that hefpeaketh not of aircmblies : which keepeth me fro
contrarying it. But among our Souriijuois there is no fuch
thing : not that thefc Sauages haue any great care ofcon-
tinencie and virginirie, for they doc not think to doc euill
in corrupting it: Butwhcther it be bythefrequentation
of French-men or other wife, the maides arcafhamed to
doc any vnchafl thing publikely; and if it happen that
they abandon themfeiues to any oncj it is in fecret.
Moreouer,he that will marric a Maid it behooueth him to
bopkvh.4. demand her of her father , without whofc confent (hcc
(liall be none of his , as we hauc already faid hecrecofore,

and

The pro-
stituting
of Mai-
dens.

<c
it
<c

t«

Souriquois.

The firft

''m

*§

fomhfoontr

I<ing(aslbe-
irtiagiiiiiig a

cy liauc any
^^ to marric
id ignoranr.
niageoftlic
iity obferiic
take two or
tJie women
^n death all
coale beaten
a knife, and
c goeth fur-
Heir daugh-
•y arc put all
» vntill thty
'vecfecncby
fullofthefc
would hauc
Duchingthis
isowne,but
h i^ but £\x,
ome,fauing
pethmcfro
rcisnofuch
care of con-
to doe euill

•qucntation
afliamed to
appen that
s in fecret.
Jcth him to
mfcnt (hcc
ccrctoforc,
and

K9Hd Fr/iffcia.

and brought foorth the example of one that had done o-
thcrwifc. And if he will marry, he (hall fomctjmcs make
louc, not after the manner of the Effcens, \vho(as lofcph^ts
favcth)didtrythe maidens by thefpace of three yecrcs,
before they married them, but by the (pace offix months
orayeere, without abufing of them : will paint his face
thathcmayfecme thcfaircr, and will hauc a new gownc
ofBeucrs or Otters,orofl'onie thing elfc , wcllgarnilhed
with Matachiu gardcd and laid oner in forme of parch-
ment lace of gold andfilucr, as the Gothesdid vfehecrc-
tofore. It is meete moreoucr that hefliew himfclfe valiant
in hunting , and that they know him able to doc fomc
thing, for they doe not truft in a mans meanes, which arc
none other than that which he getteth by hisdaies labor,
not caring any wife for other riches than hunting : vniefTc
our matiers make them to haue a ddire of it.

The Maidens of ^r^yr//haue liberty to proftitutethem-
felues aflone as they are able for the fame, cucn as them of
Canada.YcA the fathers do fcrue for pa»dors to their daugh-
ters, and they repute for an honour to communicate them
to the men of thefc parts that goc thither , to the end to
hauc of their race. But to confent vnto it , would bee too
damnable an abomination, and that would defcrue rigo-
rous punilhmcnt, asindcedfortheflacknefTcofmenCjod
hath punidied this vice in fuch wife,that the fore hath been
communicated in thefc parts, cucn to them that haue been
too much addi^^ed after Chriftian wenches and women,
by the (icknelfe which is called the pox, which before the
difcoucry of chofe lands was vnknowen in Er^rope : for
thefc people are very much fubiecl to it, and cucn they of
Florida : but they hauc the Guayac,t\\c SlTjmn, and the Sa-
/afras, tVQcs very foucraign for the cure of that Icprofic, and
I belecue that the tree Amedday whofc wonders we haue
recited, is one of thefc kinds.

One might thinke that the nakedncflcof this people
would make them more lecherous , but it is not fo. For as
■v.i-'»' Cc 2 C<e/^r

20:

wanes of the
Icvvcs,//^.i.

CJ/'.ll.

The pi'oftitir
ting of the
MaiJcnsin
Bialil.

The Poxe.

Cttayan.
Efquin,
Sajafras.
Anutda,

111. .'

•!ii

Mr 'I !»n

.•■ '1*1!- ;;>

, if

>l!

I, ■

a Oil.;, lu J!

,t;'|

i<!

2^4

• • I

I!^Ha FrAttctA*

The chaftity ^'^'^ giwcth tlic Germans this commendation, that they
of the anci. had in their ancic*^t Sauages life fuch a continency ,as they
enc Germans, reputed it a thing mod vile forayong.man to haue the
and of the Sa- company of a woman before he came to the age of 20.
uigcs of New yg3,.^5 . apj Jq t j^gjf ownc d ifpofition alfo, they were not
mooued thereunto , although that pell meil, all together
men and women,yongue and old did bathe themfelues in
riuers : So alfo may 1 fay for our Sauages, that I neuer faw
amonft them any vnfeemcly gcfture or vnchafte looke, &
j I dare aflirme that they beleder giuentothat vice than

1 we in thefe parts. I attribute the caufe thereof, partly to

thistlieir nakednelTe , and chiefely to the keeping bare
oftheir head, from whence the matter of generation hath
hisoriginall : partly to the wantofhotfpices, of wine,and
of meats thjit doe prouoke to that which is primary iigne
of vncleane dedres, and partly to the frequent vfe which
they haue of Tabacco , whofefmoake dulleth the fcnfesi
ana mounting vp to the braines hindereth the fun Aions of
Venus, John ^^ X^Wpraifeth the Brajt/ia»s for this con*
cinencie : ne uerthelcue he addeth, that when they arc an-
grie they call fometimes one another Timre', that is to fay,
Sodomite, whereby it may be conie^ured that thisfinne
iraigneth among them, asCaptaine Laudomiere Cinh it
dorhin Fiorida : and that the f/m^Wilouc the feminine
fex very much. And indeed I haue heard,that for to pleafe
the women the more they budc theipfelues very much a«
bout that which is the primary fignc of vncleane de(ireS|
whereof wc fpake cuen now \ and that they may the bet-
Great ftorc of ^^^ ^^^ *^» ^^*y fuf nifli themfelues with Ambergris yVihcvoi
^mbtrgrif. they haue great ftorc, which firfl: they melt at the fire,then
inic^ it ( with fuch paine , that it makcth them to gnaOi
their teeth ) cuen fo farre as to the bone Sacrum, ancTwith
^ a whippe of nettles, or fuch like thing , make that idoll of

\ Alaacha toCwcWi which king A/an\SiAc to be confumed

\ into a(hes,.and cad it into the brooke ^f^ifro;!. On the o-

\ ^hcrfide the women vfe ccrtainehcrbcs, and endeuour

them.

ItifhaUet,
Tabacco
contrary to

theinfclucs as much as they can to make rcftriftionsfor
the vfc of the (sddJiyphalies, and to giuc cither partic
their due.

Let vs returnc to our marriages , which arc better than ^^"^.'J^^j^ °^
all chcfe rogueries. Thecontraftetsdonotgiuetheir faith "^"^^^a^-
bctwcene the hands of Notaries, nor of their Sooth-faiers, \

but fimply doe demand the confcncofthc parents: and fo j

they doe cucry where. But hcere is to be noted, that they (

kcepe (and in BraJi/lsiKo) three degrees of conianguinity, Degrees of
in the which they are not vfed to contract marriage , tliat confangiu- .
is tovyit, of the fon: c with the mother, of the father "">'• « I
with his daughtcr,andofthe brother with the fifter.Thefc / |

excepted , all things are permitted . As for dowry, there
is no mention of it. Alfo when any 'diuorcehapneth, the
husband is bound to nothing. And althoudi that ( as it
hath been faid) there is no promife of loialtie giuen before
any fuperior power, neuertheles in what part foeuer, the
wiues keepe chaflitie, aud feldome is any found that brea-
keth it. Yea I haue heard oftentimes fay , that in y eelding The Sauage
the dutie to the husband , they make themfelues often- women in
times to be conftrained : which is rare in thefe parts. For a^jon*^*"®*^
the ^W/tfi/^ women are renowned by ^y^r/i^p to bee good
Porters (Imeane fruitfull)and breeders : and contrariwife ^^ fruitfuU
I doc not fee that the people doe abound as in thefe parts, JJ^omcn c/
although chat they all labour for generation, and that Po- the G4Hlef,
Ijgamieis ordmarie with them , which was not amon^
the ancient Ga^iliois^ nor among the Germans, though
they bee a more rullike people. True it is that our
Sauages doc kill one an other daily , and are alwaiesin
feare of their enemies » keeping watches vpon their fron-
tiers.

This frigidity of Venus bringeth an admirable and in-
credible thing among thefe women, and which was not to
be found euen among the wiues of the holy Patriarch /<«-
cob , which is, that although they be many wiues to one \

husband (for l^olygamie isreceiued thorow all that New Polygamic ^^
,^ Co 3 world)

lif ■>

;

111.!

m si

W).

206'

vcri.ii.and
fa tollowing

world) notwithftanding there is no icaloufic among them:
\Nhichis mBrafill, a hoc Country as wellas^4«^^i^;Biit
as for the men>thcy are in many places very lealous : and if
the wife be found faulty (he (liall bcputaway, orindan-
ii^ertobe killed by her husband : And in that (as for the
ipKicotieloufic) there needes not fo many ceremonies as'
tiiofc that were done amongfl: the lewcs, recited in the
booke oi Numhtrs, And as tor diuorcement ,not hauine;
the vfe of letters , they doe it not in writing, m giuing to
Ji the wife a billfigned by a publike notary , As S. Z^ugujim
"iuutlnm the doth notc , fpeaking of thefaid lewes : but arc contented
1 9. bookc, to tell to the parents,and vnto hcr,that flic prouide for her
chnf) i6. fj-if-g . 3qJ thenflieliueth in common with the others, vn-
till that fomc body doe feeke after her.This law of putting
away hath beene receiued almofl among all Nations , ex-
cxcept among the Chriftians, which hauekept this pre-
cept of the Gfpell , that vphkh God hath ioyned together Jet
no man put aCnnder. Which is moff expedient and IcfFe
Scetl^Com- fcandalous : And very wifely did -ffe«-i*/>«« anfwer (who
mentor of ^5 fajd t^ Iiaue beene nephew to the Prophet leremy)
being asked of one , who had a leaud wife , how hec
fliould doe by her : Cjnaw (faith he) that bone which is fallen
to thee. ^ ■■• .

As for the widows, I will not affiime that wTiich James

Ranter hath faid of them in generall, but I will fay , that

where we haue beene, they flainetheir faces with blackc,

' when they plcafe, and notalwaies : iftheir husband hath

beene killed, they will not manv asiaine, nor eat flefh, vn-

till they haue fecne the rcncnge ot his death. Andfo wc

haue feene the daughter of AlembertotnQ'^x2^^\it'\t^\\\\o

after the warrcmadc to the ^rmoachiqHois , hecrcafter

/ defcribed, did man ic againe. Except in that cafe, they

\ make no other difficulty to marry againe> when they findc

a fit match.

Sometimes our Sauagcs hauingmany wiucs willgiuc
I one of them to their fuend^ if he hath a defire to take her
? in

Ben-Siva.

I^ouA Francld. 207

in marriage, and /hall be thereby fomuch disburdened.

Touchingmaidens that bcloofcjfany man hath abufed of Abominable
thcm,they will tell it at the firfl: occanon, and therfore it is whoi edomc
bad ielHng with them : fortliechaftifement oiighttobee ^"Tpngthc
very rigorous againfl; them that mingle the Chriflian ^^^J^^I\q^
blood with the hifidcls, and for the keeping ol: this iuftice the Enphfli
LMonftenrde ZJ ille-gagmn\s praifed , euen by his enemies: Magiftnucs
AndTz&i^^^'/the Sonneof Eleazar theSonne oiay^ron be- '" Vn gmia,
caufe he was zealous of the law of God and appeafcdhis ""J ^'^^
wrath, which was about to exterminate the people, for
fuch a finne,- had the coucnant of perpetuall Pridt-hood,
promifed to him and to his poflerity.

Chap. XIIII.

The Tahagie.

The Sauages
docfayrtf^^.
5«/Vi,that is to
fay 5a fcaih

THc ancient hauc faid Sine (^erere & Bacchofriget
Venus, that is, without Ceres and Bacchus Venus is
cold. Hauingthen married our Sauages , it is meet
to make dinner ready and to vfc them after their owne ma-
tter. And for to doe it one muflconfider the times of the
marriage. For if it be in Winter they will haue Venifon
from the woods , if it be in the Springtime or in Summer,
they will make prouifionoffifli. As for bread there is no
talke of It from the North of New-found-land, vntill one
come to the country of the zArmoHch'tquoi^^ vnlcfFe it be in What ^^^
trucking with French-men, for whom they tarry vpon the
fca (hoares, fitting on their tailes hke apes , as foone as the
Spring time is come , and rcceiue in exchange for their
skins(fbrthey haue no other merchandife) bisket,bcaHes,
peafenandmeale : The ^^•w<7?iff^i^«<7^ and other Nations
more remote, befides hunting and fifliing haue wheat, cal-
led MaIs^ and beanes, which is a great comfort vnto them
in timcofneccflity. They make no bread with it: for they
haue neither Millnor Ouen, and they cannot knead it o-
thcrwifc than in ftamping it in a mortcr , and in gathering

thofe

ungc coun.
tries haue
coirnc.

H m

■'■•1 !||l
. I! '■ ■■ .i>if

f^?.Z.!k 10.

2o8 N(fua Frdficia.

tliofepeccesthc bed they can they make fmall cakes witb
it, which they bake bctwcciie two hot ftones. Moll often
they drie this Corne at the fire, and parch it vpon the
cobles. And after that mancr did the ancient Ita/uws hue,
as 'Piims faith. And therefore one muft not fo much won-
der at thcfe people, feeing that they which hauc called o-
ihers barbarous, haue beene as barbarous as they.

• If i had norrccittd hceretofbre themanerofthc Sauages
Tahagi (or banket) I would make hcere a larger defcnpti-
on : But 1 will oneiy fay that when we went to thcRiuer'
Saint lohn , being in the towne of Ouigoudi' ( fo may I
well call a place ericlofed replenillicd with people) we
faw in a great thicket 8o. Sauages all naked , except the
middle parts , making Tabagma with mcaletheyhadof
vs,whereof they had kettels fulL Eueryonehada di(K
made with the barke of a tree, and a fpoone as deep as the
palme of ones hand,or more : and with this they had veni-
fonbefides. And heereistobenoted,thathewhichenter-
taineth the others doth not dine, but ferueth the compa-
ny, as very often the Bridegroomes doe heere in France.
The women were in an other place apart, and didnoc
eat with the men. Wherein may be noted a bad vfe among
thofepeople,which haue neuer becne vfed amongthena-
tions of chefe parts , fpecially the Gaullois and Germains,
which haue admitted the women, not onely in their ban*
quecsi but alfo in their publike counfels , ( fpecially with
mc GohUou) after they had pacified a great warre which
condition of arofc betweene them, and did decide the controueriie
the w<inj«^ ^itj, fucjj cquirie (as Pint arch faith ) that thereby enfu-
SauUois. ^^ * greater loue than euer before. And in the treatythat
See yet here- was made with v^«»i^^/, being entred into (7<?//m , to goe
aficrincbe againft the Romans, itwas faid,thatifthe Cartha^inien^
*^^'^'j;[^^'°_/^j had any difference againflthe 6'W^/> , it (hould bee
cieoVwo- decided by the aduiceofthe^^^A'e//^ women. Itwasnot
mtvu ^^ *" Rome,where their condition was (o bafe,that by the

law Focomdi the very father could not make diem to inhc*

rite

The women
do not eate
with the
men.

The good

Nona FrancU, 209

rltenioie then of the one third pare of hJs goods : And the
Eiupcrour InHtman foibiddcth them in his decrees to ac- •
ccptthcavvardlhjp which had bec!ic deferred vntothem: \
Vvhich ihcvvcth either a great feuentieagainftthcm, or an
argi'tnent that in that coniurie tliey lauca very weakc
rpjrit. And after thisfortbc the wiucs of our Sauages, yea
in woorfe condirioa , i'l nor carinjr v^ ich the men m their
Tabagies : and notwichtla: itlmg it (v,^:meth vnto mec thac
their tare is not in their fcafts ^o delicate , vvhich ought
noctoconfillonly in eating and J inking, bur in the focie-
tie of thac fcs: vvhich Go. I liarlvorJaiiied vn::o man for to-
heipe him and to kecpc him compaj.ie.

itwillfecmcto many that our Sauages doe Hue vcric
poorely, in not hauing any fcafoninginthofefew mcil'es
that I hauc named. But 1 will replic that it was not Cr/i- w'ut men
gala nor Heltogabahis , nor fuchhke that haue ralfed the Hnic-aifcd
Romanc Empire to his grcatncfle: neither was it that l^f>'"c to kcir
Cooke who made an impcriall feaft' all with hogs flcih, "^
difguifcdinarhoufandforts : northofelikerifncompani- . *' ''■"'■^
ons, who after they haue deftroied the aire, the fea, anct
the land, now knowing what to findemoreto aflwagc
cheir glucconie, goea feeking wormes from the trees, yea
doe keepe them in mew, and doe fatten them,for to make
thereof a delicate meCTe: But rather it was one CurtHS
Z>^;if4r/«f whodideatinwooddendifhes, and did fcrape
radi(hes by the fire Hde: Item thofe good husbandmen jhemancf
whom the Senate did fend for,frcm the plough for to con- of liuing of
duft the Romanearmie : And in one word thofe Romans ^^^ ancient
which did hue with fodden fbod,after the maner of our Sa- ^JI^^^JJ*^^
uages : for they had not the vfe of bread butabout 600. qq,,
y ercs after the foundatioofthe city ,hauing learned in tra£t «

of time CO make fome cakes grod'ely dreHcd & baked vn-
der the embres, or in the ouemT/w^ author of this report, , ^

faith, moreoucr that the Scythians , now Turt^res^ doe al(b ^^ j '^^ j j^
liue with foddcn food and raw mcaleas the *Br a ft Hans »
AndneuerthdciTc (hey haue alwaies beencaw^lii^^ ^"^

gnighcie

2IO

lifv 3^
11 >

-'dip:

i.;^i

M if'

1 -^ \. ifm

••i 'fe

Iththjnphages,
iEthiopians
doeliueof
Grafhoppers .

The food of
SIobnBap-
tift.S.Hic-
roms x.book
igiinlk loutan,
iS. AugntUn
vpon thjc 1 4.
cnap. to the
Romans,
verf.if.

^4^.14.

^ua Funch,

mightic nation. The fame faith , that thc^fjmph^cm
(jwhichhetheMofiomtesJdoclmc'mtorciis ( as our Sa-
uagcs do) with graincs and fruits which they gather from
the trees, without mention neither offlefh nor of filli. And
indeed theprophane Authors doe agree, that thefirft men
didhueafter that maner, to wir, of corne, graines , pulfe,
acornes,andmaftes, from whence commcrh the Grerke
wordc P hagei?t J to wit, toeate: fome particular nations
(and not all) had fruits : as peares were in vfe amon^ the
Argtues y figges with ^z Athenians, almonds with the
CHe^es, the fruite o£ Cannes with the Ethiopians, the Car-
dammnyNith. the Perjians ^ the dates With the Bai^ilonians,
thcTreffle or three Icaued graffe with the Egyptians.They
which hauc had none of thofe fruits haue made war againu
thebeaftsofthewoodsandforeds, as the Getu/ians and
all the Northren men, yea alfo the ancient Germans , noc-
withftandingthey had alfo meates made of milke:Ochers
dwellingvponthefhoresof the fea, or lakes and riuers,
lined on fimes, and were called Ichthjophages : others li-
ning oiTortefes^y^ext called Chelonophaqcs^dxt of the e/£-
thiopians doc hue oFGrafioppers, which they fait and har-
den in the fmoakc in great quantitie forallfeafons , and
therein do the Hiftoriam of this day agree with Plime.Yot
there is fometimes clouds ofthem, that is to fay, fuch infi-
nite numbers, that they hide the clouds ^ and in the Ead
likewife, which deftroy all the fields, fothat nothing re*
maineth vnto them to eatebut thofe graQioppers , which
was the food of Saint lohn Baptiftin the defarc,according
to the opinion o{ Saint Hierome and AngHfline : Although
iV/r^^/7orwthinkethchat they were the tender leaues of
the toppes of treesjbecaufe that the Greekc word achrides
fignifieth both the one and the other. But lee vs come to
the Romane Emperour , bcft qualified. AmmianMercei-
lin fpeaking of their maner of life, faith that Scipio, ^A£mi-
liartt MeteHuSjT^aian, and Adrian, did content themfelues
ordinarily with the meate of the campe, that is to /ay,

with

C as our Sa-
gather from

rhcfirftmcn
incs , pulfe,
the Grerke
ular nations
among the
.^s with the
ns, the Car-
BahilonianSi
Jtians.They
-waragainft
etuiiam and
^mans ^ not-
ilke:Othcr$
Jandriucrs,
.• others li-
tofthcaydP.
altandhar-
-afons, and
iP/imerV or
^fuchinfi-
in the Eaft
lothing re-
crs , which
^according
• Although
r leaues of
xdachrides
s come to
tnAfercel'
to, i^mi'
hemfehies
is to /ay,
with

i^^fs

with Bacon,chcefe,and bruvage. If then our Sauages haue «
venifon and fifh abundantly, 1 doe not thinkc them ill fur- Sa"mons7and
nifhcd : for many times we hauc rcceaucd of them quan- other fiil*
titic of Sturgeons, of Salmons and other fiflies : befides
their venifon , and Beuers which liuein ponds, and liue
partly on the land, partly in the water. At leaft one Ir.uda- ^ntn^o^h^gt',
ble thing is knowen in them, that they are not men caters,
as the Scythiam hauc becne aforetime, and many other na-
tions of thefe parts of the world 5 and as yet are at this day
the BraftlUns, Cmihalst and others of the new world.

The inconuenience which is found in their maner of BieJ.
life is, that they haue no bread. Indeed bread is a food ve-
ry naturall for man , but it is eafier to liue with ficdi , or
with fi{h, then with bread onely. If they haue not the
vfe of fait , the moft parte of the world doe vfe none. It
is not altogether neceiTary , and the principall profit
thereof confiftcth in preferuing, whercunto itis altoge-
ther proper, Notwitnftanding if they bad any to make
fomeprouifions they would be more happie then vs. But what time is
for want of that they fometimes fuffer fome need : which hard for the
hapneth when the winter is too milde, or the latter end of Sauagci ,
the fame. For then 'they hauc neither venifon nor fi{li,as
wee will declare in the chapter of hunting : and arc then
conftraincd to feed vpon the barkes of trees , and on the
parings of skinnes, and on their dogges,which (vpon this
cxtremitie) they do eate. And thehiftorieofthe/'/m<!//-
^«j faith , thas in cxtremitie they eate a thoufand filthes,
euen to the fvvallowing downe of coales, and to put earth
in their fpoonemeate. True it is that in Port Royall there
is alwaies fhell fifh , fo that in all cafes one cannot die
there for hunger. But yet haue they one fuperftition Supeiftitfo^^^
that they will not feed on muflels , and they can alleagc of ihe Sana-
no reafon for it, no more than our fuperCfitious ChriOians gcs, and of
which will not bee thirtcene at a table, or which feare to theChiifti-
paire their nailes on the Friday, or which haue other fcru- ^^^^'^ ^.^ ^
pulofides, true apifh-toics . fuch as P/ime reciteth a good ^^^ ^^

D d 2 number

sftrj'

S;i!!«

, "' 4. ^

■ h

i'ii

i^,

201

Kfiua Ffdntid.

number ofchem in his nacurallhiilorie. NotwicliftaBcling
in our company feeing vs CO cace of chctn they did the like :
for wcmullfay hccrcby thcway, that they will catc no
vnknowen meat, but firft they muft fee the triali of it by
The Sauagcs others. As for beads of the woods they eate of all them,
CifpiiioLS. the woolfccxceptcd.They alfoeare eggcs,vvhich they go
gathering along the Ihoares of waters , and they doe lade
their Ca.iovves with them, whentheGecfcand Outardes
haue done laying inthe Springtime, and they vfe all, as
The fobiicty Well them chww; be old as new. As for inodeftjc tlicy vfe it
and giuicoiiy being at cable wich vs, and eare very fobcrly : but at liome
in their owne houfes ( as the T^rafdians ) they (Iretch out
their bellies as much as chcy can, and doe not leaue eating
as longas there is any meat : Andif any ofoiirs beatcheir
Tahagie^ they will bid him doe as tliey doej. Kotwthllan-

of the Sdui

tdier.

ding 1 fee nogluctonie like to that of Heicn!cSj who alone

did cate whole oxen, anddiddeuouic one from a Paifan

called Diada oi, by reafon whereof hec was called Bft*

, . . theses, or BnphagoSt Oxc-€atcr . And without going fo far,

wee fee in the Countries of thefe parts greater gluttonies

then that whtch one would impute to the Sauagcs. For in

the diet of Anshourg was brodght ic the Emperor Charles

chefift, agreacwhorefon which had e<iten a calfe and a

^ (heepe,and yet was not full : And I doe not know that our

Saua^es doe waxfatte, or that they haue great bellies,buc

that they are nimble and fwift, like to onr ancient Gaullois

and high AlUmans or Germans, who by their agilitie , did

trouble very much the Roman armies.

The meat of The food of the 'Brajiliam are ferpcnts, crocodills,

the BrafiHoM, toads and great lizards, which they eftcemeas much as

wee doe capons, leverets, and conies. They alfomakc

' . roeale of white rootes , which they call Wl^Umel , haujng

V» the leaues of Pteottiamas , and^the tree of the height of

:;i: J . i\iq Elder tree: Thofe rootes as biggeas the thigh of a

Man , which the woman doe cruni^le very (mall , and

rat them raw« or elfe they make chemto feech well in a

-i. ^

giea:

A ftrangc
proihcutioa*

NdMF rancid. i

great earthen vciTclI , fturring it alwaics as the comfit-
makers doe make fugcr p^ummes. They arc of very p;ood
taftc , and ofeaficdifgelhon, but they be not fiti to make
bread, bccaufe they dry and barncthemrelues, and al-
vvaies return into mcalc. They haue alfo with this Mahis
oxLMaiSi which growech nitvvo or three months after
itisfowed: and that is a great fuccour vntoihcm. But
they haue a curfed and an vnhumanc coliome to eat their
prisoners , after they haue well fatted them. yea(a mod
horrible rhnig)thcy giuc them in marriage the faireft
maidens they haue , putting about their necks as many
halters as they will keep him moons.And when the time i

is expired they make wine ot the faid Mais and rootes,
wherewith they make thcmfclucs drunkc, calh'ng all their
friends. Then he chat hath taken him knocketh him on
the head with a ciubbe, anddeuideth himinto peec'es,
andmake carboHnadoes of h;m .which they eat with a
lingular plea(ureaboue all meats in rhe world.

Furthermore all Sauages gciicrally doe hue euery where Commonalty
in common : the moll pcrtc^ and moll woorthy hfeof **
man, feeing that he is a iociable ereat^Hlle life of the an-

liUmP would haue re*
igtoeltablilhthefpirituallhfejthey », /- . i- '
good dcfirc. If it happens then that "
our Sjuagcs haiic venilon, or other food, all the company
haue part oflc. They banc thismutiiall chaiity which hath
beene taken away from vs ilnt e that LMme and Thme haue
come into the world. Theyhauealfo Horpitality, avcr-
tae peculiar to the ancient (7^r«A;/> (accordingto thewit-
nefTeof/'^rr^t'Wi^- iniu', ($'ri?/«(r«fjy of Cce/^2r, SaimafiSLnd \
others)who did conlhainetraucllcrs and (hangers to come \
into their houfcs and there to take their reficfhing : A ver- . *
tuewhichfcenicthtohaue conferued hcrfclfe onely with
the Nobility and gentry : for among the arlier fort we fee
her very wcakeand at the point of death. Tacit.is giueth
the fame praife to the Germans , fay ing that with them all
^iVH /.i- E>d 3 howfes

cient golden age, which the holy A
(lored againe : Bur beine
could iiotexecuccchat

I) <. ■ ,,

^■''

■<

•I

1..

<»
^

Ldiit. 19 vcr.
-4.

Of uiiJiaing,

Tlin.Uh.i9,

Strabo.

Cxfar.

Tncitus.

Wincforbib.
den ainons'
ihe Germans.

Pfal.104.
verH 16.17,

NcUA Fnneia,

howfcs arc opened ro ftrangcrs, and there they are in fuch
allurancethat (as if they were facred) none dare doe them
any iniury : Charity and Hospitality which are mentioned
in the law of God who faid to his people : The ftnwger
which joiourneth amongyoH , JJjal! bcvnto jo^ as he which is
home amonirycHj and yoti flnill Ivue him 06 yourjclucs : for
yoH hatie beene fir angers m the land of ly^ gyp. So doe our
Saiiagcs, which, filmed vp with an humane nature, receiue
all Grangers (except the\r enemies ) whom they accept in
their commonalty of life.

But we haue fpoken enough of eating,lct vs now fpeakc
ofdrinking. 1 know not whether I ought to place among
the greatelt blindnelTes of the Weft hidians to haue abun-
dantly the moft excellent fruit that God hath giuen vnto
vs, and they know not the vfe thereof. For I fee that the
ancient Romans were a long time (as P//;^ faith) without
either Vines or Vine-yards : And our Gaulloos did make
becre, the vfe whereof is yer frequent in all Cjallia Belgica :
And this kind of drinke did the C£gypiians alfo vfe in for-
mer times {as(mhpiodorfis) who attributeth theinuenti-
onthereof to cifeHysJotwithftandingafter thatthe vfe of
wine was comel^pl^ the Romans the Guallois tookefo
good a tafte in it,in the voyages that they made there with
their Armies , that thev continued afterwards the fame
way. And afterward the Italian Merchants did draw
much money from the Gaullou with their wine that they
brought thither. But ihz^ermam knowing their owne
nature fubieft to drinke more then is needful! would haue
none brought to them, for feare that being drunke they
might be a pray to their enemies : and contented them-
felues with becre : Andnotwithflanding becaufethecon-
tinuall drinking of water ingendrtth crudities in tFiefto-
macke, and thereby great indifpofitions, the nations haue
commonly found better themoderate vfeof wine which
hath beene giuen ofGod to rcioyce the heart, as bread for
roilrengthen him, as the /y^/w/j^ faith : AndthcApoftle

S, Paul

eyarcinfuch
are doe them
e mentioned

The flramer
as he which is
rjeltics : for

So doe our
ature, recenie
ley accept in

snowfpeakc
>lace among
oliaueabun-
1 giuen vnto
Hee that the
Ith) without
^as did make
a//ia B eh tea. :
Co vfe in for-
uheinuenti-
latthcvfeof
'iois tooke (o

le there with
ds the fame
:s did draw
le that they
their ownc
would haue
Irunke thev
nted them-
ufethe con-
sin thefto-
ationshauc
vine which
IS bread for
thcAportle
S. Paul

7{cua Francia* 215

S. 7*4«/himfclfc doth coimcell his Difciple Timothy to vfe
it by rcafonofliis infirmity. Voxrvine (iaithOhifaJimJre- Orlhafwym
creAteth and <:jmck»€th our heat : wherehy^ by confequence^ the the fii ft book
difgeflures are made better ^ and good bioud is engendred.and ^^ *ji«"f?s co-
qood nourishment thorow all the parts of the body where the "^"- '""'' '"^"^
wine hath force to pierce : and therefore they which be weakc-
nedbjjtckneffe doe recouer by it aflronger being, and doe itlie-
mfe renew by it an appetite to their meat. It breaker h the
fleame, it pnrgeth collericke humours bj thevrine,andwith his
p/eafant odour audliuely fub fiance gladdeth the heart of man,
andgiuethjlrength to the body. Wine taken moderatly is the
procurer of all thofe goodcffcEls , but if it be drunke vnmeafu.
ably itproduceth ejfefh quite contrary. And Tlato wilhng jy^/o in h ii
to (hew foorth in one word the nature and property of Tmao.
wine : That which war met h (faith he) both body andfoulejs
that which is called wine, ThcSauages which haue no vfe
ofwine norof fpices, haij^found outanother meanesto
vvarme the fame ftomakc, and in fomc foit to breake fo ma-
ny crudities proceeding from- the fiOi that they eat, which
othcrvvife would extinguifh their naturall heat : it is the
hcarb which the BraftUans doe call Petun^th^t is to fay, Ta- fabacco
hacco , the fmoake whereof they take almoft euery hourc,
as we will declare morcat large when w^comeheereafter
tofpeakeofthathearbe. Then as in thefe parts one drink-

cth to another, in prefenting the glaffe to him to whom
one hath drunke (which is done in many places)fo the Sa-
uagcs willing to feaft fome body and to (hew him (igne of '

amity, after they haue well taken ofthat fmoake, they pre- .

fcnt the Tabacco pipe to him that they like bcfl. "Which
cuftomctodrinkeone to another is not new, nor particu-
lar to the Flemings and Germans : fox Holiodorus inthc Hf/iWor.fiift
ty£thiopian Hiftory of CW/r/^^ witnefteth that the fame l>ookci. ch.i.
was a cuftome altogether vfedin the Countries whereof he ^j)''* ^' ^°°^^
fpeaketh to drinkc one to the other in tokenof frindfliip. * ^'
And becaufeit wasabufcd , and men were appointed to
cpnftraine them that would not pledge, aAjfuents King of

the

■ A.

jplf

■■a

' 'R '

V ' '

;' '*

' Ht

K. ,

■ k

■ 1:

if 'H lis

the Perfians at a ban!;ct that he made to all the pnnopal!
' Ur.i.vci'.S. Lords and GoiicrnorsotiKS Countries ,dic' foibiii Lyan
cxprcilc '.nv tn force any , and did comtiMnd tliar ciicry
cnclh. ..Id be fci'K'daitci hisovvj.c will, i he s,^;'/;7/w>/
1 Old vie no f.>rcinL' , I'lt n ot VMihilandiP j. thtv diunktvp
all anJthacbv mcact'cur.tion. l''o»afui thcv liaJlourid
ouccheinucntionco .ipplic paii^tinp; awA y'iuit.'.ihiz. vpo'i
filiicr chc) to; i:c i^iCuf d(li<;lit 10 Ice tl'.cirOW ty^hubit
paint'd intliclcrt'. inccf'ch.ii ciips,a^ Pimj i.wih.

O^irSaiK^j^es Caii.iMii>:s , Scfi; tcj^cis .u.Ji otlurs are far
fronuhcfcdcLiihrs . and ha mho. n'^thiM- biic d)cT»tl^,hcc>
fpokcnof by Vi towanicchcn* llonntUctalttr thccnuji-
tics of waters, andtoi2;iiic fomefn\itchcotlie month, ha-
uing that in con)n«on v.uh many oihci Nations , that thty
loiic that which is biting^fuchas ihelaid T. accoi<y\\h\L\\
(cuen as wineorftron5bccre)takcn(as itis {viid)infmoal:c,
makcth giddy die fenles and in fomc forr,procurcth flcep:
So that this word drunkard is among ihcni, by this word
Efcorketty as well asamongft vs. The Flortdi^ris hauea
ccrtaine (brt of drinkc called CaJiKC which they drinkeall
hot, w hich they make of cciraine Icaucs of trees. But it is
not lawful! for cuery one to drinkeofit, btitonely to the
Faraoufli, and tc^hcm that haue made proofc of their val-
lourinthe warres. And this drinke hath fuch verttiethat
as fooneas they haue drunken it,they become all in a fwcac
which being paH, they be fcddefof :4.hourcs by chenou-
^ -. , ^rifliingforccof thefamcAsforthcinof-^r^/thcy makea
thc5/<Xww. ccrtaine kinde of drinke which they call (^aoH-in, with
roots and a graine called ^//which they put to feeth and
fofcen in great earthen vefTels, made in the maner of a tub,
oucr the fire , and being foftncd , it is the office of the w o-
men to chaw it all, and to fct them againe to feeth in other
]l veffels : then hauing left all to be fetled and skimmed^they

coucr the veffeH vnrill that it mull bee drunken : and
this drinke i^ asthicke as Ices , after the manner of the
defrutfim of the lacios» and of chc cade of fowre milke,

white

ThcFloridi-

J.'

a»7

Hcua FnncU.

white and red as our wine is : and they make it in eucry
feafon, becaiife that the faid rootes doe grow there at all
times. Furthermore they drinkc this CoH-m fomewhac
warme, but witli fuch exccflc that they neuer depart from
the place where they make their fcafts vntil that they haue
drunlce all out, though there were of the fame a tun for eue«
ry one. So that the Flemings, high Duch-mcn, and Swit-
zers are but yonguc nouices in tliat trade in regard of
them.I will not fpeak hccrc of the Ciders & Peries of AV-
;;;^»^, nor of the Hidromets , therfe whereof, by the re-
port of /'/^^^^•f^, was long bcfore'thcinucntion of wine: T^^w'^r. in ilic
feeing our Sauages vfc none ofit.But I haue though* good ^ '^^^'jj ^^'*'
to mention the truitof the vine,by reafoa that New France '"'^"'^'
is plentifully furnilhed therewith.

Chap. XV.
Of their Dances md Songs,

WHen the belly is full then comes mirth (faith
the Prouerb) it will not be then vnfittofpeakc
of dancing after feading. For it is alfo faid of
the people of 7/r^f /that after they had well filled their bel- Exod. 3 1 . ver.

lies theyarofe fortoplaicand dance abou-j their golden y^^*'^' a-
^ tr {^ • ' r - 11 ° 1 Dances iniii*

Calie. Dancing is athmg very ancient among all people, j^j^. j j^ jj,
Butit;wasfir(l made&inllitutedin diuine things, aswc mne tilings.
didnowmarkean example of it ; and the Cannnites who
did wordiip the fire,did dance about it 6c facrificed their
children vnto it. Which mancr of dancing was not inuen-
ted by the Idolaters, but rather by the people of God. For ixxA^,^ 21. v.
we read in the booke of Fudges that there was a folemnicy 19. : i .
to God in Silo where the maidens came to dance at the ». King. 6.c.
found of the fluit. And Dauid brindns: backe the Arke of
Coucnant into Hiemfaiem, went beforeit in his ftiirt, dan-
cing with all his ftrength.

As for the Heathen they haue followed this faflMon.
For Pltttarch in the life of Nicias fay th that the Townes

Ec of

■;■;■!

"•>ll

; imm

'• > *!''

Ill:

Ii, ;

^x8 N&ttAFfAnch.

of Greece had a cuftome cucry yccrc to goc into Dellos
I tor CO celebrate the dances and fongs in the honour of A-

' folio. And in the Hfc of Ltcurgits the Orator , faith that he

; ^\6. ordaine a very folemnc dance in the Pyree vnto the ho-

nour of Neptune, with a wager ofa hundred crowncs pnce
to the bcft dancer , and to the fecond of So. crownes, and
The mufes to the third of ^o. The ^Mfifes, daughters of lup/ter doc
Dances. loue dancing : and all they that haue Ipoken ofthem make
vscogoe fcckefor them vpon the Mountaine 'Parmjffes,
where (fay they) they dance, at the found of (5^<?//(7^^
liarpe.
The College As for the Latins , the fame Plutarch fay th in the life of
of the S4/ie»M. ^^jj^^ PnmpiltHs tliat he did inftitutethe colcdgeof the
I S aliens (which were Pricfts dancing and gambohng , and

\ fi'ig'^^g foiig^ in the honour of God Mars) when that a

\ Bucklir ofbraffefell tniraculoufly fromHcauen, which

ydmyk.

was a gage from that God for the confcruation of the Em-
pire. And that Buckler was caMcd Ancile, but for fearc

Oriflamme,
Labarum,

that it (houldbe (lolen awayhecaufedi2. others to bee
made a like named ti^^^ncilia, which were carried in the
warres, as weedid heertoforeourC?r//24wwtf, and as the
Emperour Conftantine did the Labarum. Now the for-
moA ofthofe Saltans that did lead the others in the dance
was called Prdfttl, that is to fay, firft dancer, />r^ alijs
Saltans, fayth Feftt^, yj^ho taketh from that the name of
the French-people, which were called Saltans becaufe
they did loue to dance, to skippe and to gambole : and of
Sdlitiitt Law. thefe Saltans are come the lawcs which wee call Saliques,
that is to (ay La wes of dances .

So then to come againe to our purpofe, the dances
haue beene firft inftitutcd for holy things. Whereto I
jitrtanohht will adde the teflimony of ^m.««, who fayth that the
^ciUoiAUx' Indians which did worfliip the Sunne rifing , did not
ander. thinkc to haue duely fainted him , vnleflc their fongs and

^wT^ prayers were accompanied with dances.
\iiik\u^ '^^^^^ ^*"^^ of excrcife was (vice applied to another vfe,

that

K(fM FraneU]

that is K) fay, for the goucrmcnt of health, ziTlntArehe
fay th in the treatie for the fame. So that Socrates himfelf
(hovvfocuer precife and reformed )tuoke plcafure therein,
for which caufe he defired to haue a houle large and fpa-
cious , as Xenophon wriceth in his bancquet , and the Per^
Jians did exprefly vfc thcfame, as D^rAfwritcthinthe
feuenthofhis hillories.

Btst the delights, laciuioufneiTe, and diforders did
conuert them fincero their o wne vfe, and the dances hauc
feruedfor/?r(7Arf»^ff/andbroakcrsof vnchaftity , as wee
find it but to much , whereof wee haue teflimonies in the
Gofpell, where wee finde that it coft the life of the great-
eft that euer arofe amongCl men, which is Saint lohn Bap^
tiif. And ArcefiUm fayd very well, that dances are ve-
noms, (liarper then all the poiibns that the Earth bring-
eth foorth, for as much asbyacertaine incitement they
inlinuate into the Soule, wherein they communicate and
imprint voluptuoufneflc and delegation , which the
bodies properly doe affe£^.

Our Sauages , and generally all the people of the weft
Indies , haue time out of minde the vfe of dances. But
Jafciuious Pleafurehath not yet fo farre preuailed againft
them as to make them dance at the pleafure thereof,a thing
which ought to fcrue as aleffon to the Chriftians. The
vfe then ofthcir dances is for foure ends , either toplcafc
their gods (let who will call thcmdiuels icis all one to
me)as wee haue marked in two places before, or to chcare
vp fome body , or to reioy cc thcmfelues of fome vidlory
or to preuent fickenefTes. In all thcfe dances they {ing,anci
make no dombe (hewes, as in thofe dances whereof the
Fythieme Oracle fpeaketh, when hee faith : It behooucth
that the beholder vnderftand the dancing ftage plaicr, al-
though he be dombe : and that hee heare him though hee
doth not fpcake: But as in D^/i>i they did fingtothe ho-
nour 0^ Apollo, the Saltans to the honour of LMan , like-
wife thtJFlorUms docfing to the honour of the Sunne, to

Ec a whom

11 f

VluUr. in the
7. of the Sym<-

Al! Sauages
doe dance.

Dombe jc-

{lures.

(■••

„■;■ M'-^y^i-

A feolifli fil-
thy Ton g to

220 ' it^mFrnncM.

whom they attribute all their vi^lories: not, for all that
fo filthily as Orpheus ^ inuentor of the hcathcnilh diuclilh-
nefles, of whom Saint Gregorie Na^ianz>e mocketh him-
fclfe in an oration, bccaufe that among other follies, in an
himraehcfpeakethof////?/>erinthiswife: O glorictts In.
fiter ! the greatest of all the gods , which art refident inall
forts ofdung^ as rvcllofjheepe as ofhorfesandmttles^^c. And
in another himme that he maketh to Ceres ^ he faith y that
ihedifcoiiercthherthighesfortofubmither body to her
Paramours,andtomakehir felfetobetilled.

Our^Wr/(^»£'/> doe make alfo dances andfongs to the
The Songs of honour of thcdiuell, which flieweth them their game,
the Chriihans and that they thinke to gratifie him : whereof one necdeth
to God. j^Q^ pQ marucll, bccaufe that we our felucs y that be better
inftrufted, doc fing Pfalmes and Songs of praife to our
God I for that he giuethvs our daily food: And I doe not
fee that a man who is ahungred hauc any great luft ci-
ther in fingingor dancing : Nemoenim faltat fere fobrim,
{di\\\iCkero. . ^ <

Alfo when they will feaft any body ,' they haue no fai-
rer gcftiirc, in many places then dancing : as in like maner
if any one maketh them a fcaft, forall thankes giuing,they
the s^unquois betake thcmfclucs to dancins;, as it hath bccne (cenc fom-
sauagcj,^ times \^\itnC^io}ife$irdePoutrwcoHrt did giuc them their
dinner, they did fing fongsofpraifcsvnto him, faying,
that he was a braue Sagamos , who had made them good
cheerc,and whi( h was their good fiicnd; which they did
comprehend very miftically vnder thefc three words,
Epigtco iaton edico : 1 fay miftically *• for I could neuer
know the proper fignification of eucry ofthcfe words. I
beleeuethat it is of the ancient language of their forefa-
thcrswhich is out of vfe, like as the old Hebrew is not
the Icwes language at this day, and was alreadie changed
inthetimeofiheApoft'es. \

They fing alfo in their common T<i^^^^/>/, thepraifes of
the brauccaptaincs and Sagamos that hauc killed many of

their

CUtfd ill the
Oration for
Murena,

The Dances
and fongs of

Praifes of the
braiic Cap.

Noua Framia,

their enemies* Which was praftjfed anciently in manic
nations, and is praftifed yet amongQ vsat this day 5 and
is found to be approoued and of: deceucic , in the holie
Scripture, in the Canticle o£Del^ora, after the ouerthrow
ofkingSifara, And when yoong D^uid had killed the
gxcat Goiiath , asthekingdidreturne viftorious into/^-
rfffaiemythc women came out ofal the town s,and met him
with tabretSi rebecks, and timbrels , dancing and finging
menly, faying by courfe and anfwering one another j Sattl
hath flame his thoufand, andDauidhis fen thoufand, Athe-
nem foith, that the ^aullois had Poets named Bardes,
whom they rcuerenced very much: andthofe Poets did
(ing VtPta voce the deeds of vertuous and famous men : but
they did write nothing in pubhke, becaufethat writing
maketh men OothfuU and negligent in learning. Notwith-
flsindinzCharo/fuMamtiswsiSO^an other opinion : For
he caufed fongs to be made in the vulgar tongue, contain-
ing the deeds and a^s of the ancient, and commanded
that the children ihould be made to learne them by heart,
and that they ftiould fing them , to the end,that their me-
morie (hould remainefrom father to fonne, and from race
CO race, and by this meanes ethers fliould be ftirred vp to
doe good, and to write the a£lions and deeds of valiant
men. I will further fay heeie by the way, that the Z^-
f^^VOT<?«/^whadaccrtainemaner of dancing which they
vfed in all their fcafts and folemnities, which didreprc-
fent the three ages : to wit, the time pad, by the old men
which did fay in finging this burthen ^ fVe wereheereta^
fore vaforoHs: the prcfcnt, by the yoong men in the flow-
er of their youth fay ing : We befo now at this time : the fu-
ture, by thechildrcn,who did fay, fVeJJjallbefo too, when
oHrturne comes,

I will not bufie my fclfe in dcfcribing all the fafhions of
the gambols of their ancient prcdeceflbrs, but it fuf-
ficeth me to fay that the dances of our Sauagcs are made
without rcmoouing from one place, and notwichlhnding
.. Ee3 they

111

ludgescha. 5.

I. Of Samuel,
18. vcr. 6. J.

GaullvisDhdo,
>4thentHt in
the 6. booke
of the banket
ofthevvife.

The Songs of
the Ficnch-
men.

Tlutar. in the
lifeofljifi^r-

Lactdtmimutm

What arc the
Saiugcs dan-

ces.

Hii

IhMV

i
I

they are all ina round(or very neerc) and doc dance with
vchcmcncic, (Inking with their feet vponthe ground,^rd
lifting themfelues vpasin halfealeapc : And as for their
hands they hold them clofe, and their armes in the aire, in
forme of a man that threatncth, with a motion of them. As
for the voice, there is but one that (ingeth , bee it man or
woman : all the reft do & (sLy^ef,hef>^^ fome that breath-
eth out with vehemencie : And at the end of euery fong,
they ail make a loud and long exclamation, faying Heeee,
1 For to be more nimble , they commonly put themfelues

flarke naked , becaufe that their gownes made of skinnes
doe hinder them: And if they haue any of their enemies
heads or armes, they will carricthcm about their necks,
dancing with thisfaire iewell, which they willfometimes
bite, fo great is their hatred euen againft the dead. And
for to end this chapter as we began it, they neuer make a-
ny74^4^f>orfea{i,but that there is a dance after it : And
afterward i£ the Sagamos he difpofed, according to the
date of their affaires, he will make an oration of one, two.
The oration! or three houres continuance , and at euery demonftration
of the Saga- asking the aduice of the companie : if they approoue his
Sr^^'^houres p«*opofition,cuery one will cric out aloud Heeee'mfignc
continuance, of allowing and ratifying of the fame. Wherein they giuc
him very attentiue audience, as wee hauefeene many
times : Andalfo when that OMonJteHr De T^oHtrincoHrt
did feaft our Sauages, Memberton^ after dancing made an
oration with fuch vehemencie that he made the world to
woonder , (hewing tlie curtcfics and witncfles of friend-
(hip that they receaucd of the Frenchmen , what they
might hope of them heereafter 5 and how much their
prefcnce was profitable , yea neccfTarie vnto
them, becaufe that they did fleepc
in fecuritie : and had nofeare
of their enemies,
ace.

Chap.

Chap. XVI.

Of the dijpojition sf their bodies : and of

their Phjjike and Chei-

rwgie.

z%l

E hauefaid in the lafl Chapter that dancing h
profitable for the prefer jation of health. Alfo
It is one of the caufes why our Sauages do de-
light fomuch in it : \But they hauc yetfome other prefer-
uatiues which they vfe very often, that is to fay , fwcatcs ,
whereby they preuent fickneflcs. For they befometiincs
touched with this P/;r/;5/JV wherewith the men of Captain
lames J^artiemnd LMonfieurDeMonts were annoied,
which Qotwithdanding is but feldome. But when it hap-
neth they hauein ^^W^ the tree called Annedda, which
Itermethetreeofiifeforthe excellencie thereof , where-
with they heale themfelues ^ and in the countrieof the Ar-
moHchiquois they hzuc Sajfafrof , and in Florida Efquine,
The Souriqmis which haue none of thefe kinds of woods,
doe vfe fweats, as we hauefaid, and they haue their Aout^
moins for Phijitions, who for that purpofe doc digge in the
ground, and make a pit which tney couer with wood and
bigge flatte flones oucr it : then they put fire to it by a
hole, and the wood being burned they make a raft with
poles, which they couer with all the skinnes and other
couerings which they haae , fo as no aire entereth there-
in, they call water vpon thefaid fiones , which are fallen
in the pit, and doe couer them : then they put themfelues
vnder the fame raft, and with motions the Aoutmoin^m^'
ing, and the others faying, ( as in their dances ) Het, het,
het, they put themfelues into a fweat. If they happen to
fall into ficknefle ( for one muft die in the end ) the Aout-
moin doth blow, with exercifings, vpon the member grie-
ued, doth licke it and fucke it : and if that be not fuffitient,
he lecceth the patient bloud , fcotchinghisfiefh with the

point

booke chap.

Sajfafras,
Efjuine,

The Sauages
ftowcsor hot
houfes*

^■ki

^■ii:!|

1:4

ThcPhyfiti-

The BraftUant
Phyficians,

U'ouA Franm.

point of a knife, or fome thing elfe. If they doe not heale
them alwaics, one inuft confider that our P^yy?riVi«j doe
not alwaies cure their patients neither.

In Florida they haue their larvars , who continually

onsinF/or/rfrf. carry abagge full ofhearbs and druggcs hanging about

theirnecks cocurethefickc, which are for the moftpait

ficke of the Pox : and they blowe vpon the parts afrcd-

cd , vntill they draw the very bloud froni it.

The Brajilians Phifitions are named among them P^-
ges (they be not their Caraihes or Southfaiers) who in fuc-
king as aforefaid, they endeuour themfelues to heale dif-
cafes. But they haue one (ickenede which is vncureable,
which they call Pians , proceeding of lecherie , which
notwithdanding little children for^etimeshaue^ euenas
chem in thefe our parts that be full of pock-holes , which
commeth vnto them (as I thinke) from the corruption of
their Parents. This contagi6n dothconuertit felfe into
boiles broader then the thombe , which difperfe them-
felues throughout all thebodie, andeuenasfarreas the
face, and being touched therewith they beare the marks
thereof all their life time, fowler then lepers, as well
BrafiUans as other nations. As for the Hcke bodic his diet,
they giue him not any thing, vnlede he asketh for it : and
"without taking any other care of them , they ceafe not to
make theirnoife and hurly burliesbeforethem, drinking,
skipping and finging , according to their euftome.
The S<i»rt- As for the wounds , ^outmos oi oar So^riijftois ,SLn(\

quoit chcirur- their neighbours, doe licke and fuckethem, vfing the
Beucrs kidney, whereof rhcy put a flice vpon the wound,
and fo doth heale icfeife with that. The d^nckwi Germam
(faith Tacitus ) not hauing yet the Art of Cheirurgie did
thelikc : They ^m^(faith hz)theirwon',}ds to their Mothers
and to their Wines , vpho are not afraid neither to number
them, nor to fuckethem: yeathey bring themvittailstothe
campCy aud exhort them to fight valiantly : fo that fometimes
armhs readte to runne away^ haue bcene reftoredby the pray-
ers

gcont.

)cnotheaIc
'tyfimns doc

continually
nging about
lemoftpait
arts affca-

igthcmP^-
whoinfuc-
rohealedif-
vncurcable,
!nc, which
uC) eucnas
5lc$ , which
irruption of
it fclfc into
perfcthcm-
ifarrcasthc
re the marks
crs, as well
►die his diet,
h for it: and
ceafenotto
I5 ch:inking,
ome.

HcjHois , and
J vfing the
the wound,
lit Germans
'irurgiedid
nr Mothers
yto numhcr
'^tt ails to the
itfowetimes
hj the fray '
ers

iTS of the mmetu opening their hreafls to thetr hHsbdnds, And
fi^errftJrdstheymllinglj vfed thervomens Adaicesand conn-*
Jelst y^herein they efieemefome holy thing to be.

And among the Chriftians, manv (not caring for God
no longer then chey receaue good gifts of him ) doe fceke
for the healing of their difeaies by charmes and heipe of
Witches X So among our S. uages the Aoutmoift hauing
feme fore in cure , inquireth ofcen of his diuell to know
whether he rhallhealc or no: and hath neuer no anfwcr
but doubtfully, by */,or and. There bee fome of them
which fometimes doe make incredible cures , as to hcale
one that hath his armes cue off. Which notwithflanding
I know not, why lihould findc it ftrange,when I confider
VfhsLtMo»Jtefirde*BuJbeqtte}Nntcthinhis difcourfc of his
Embadieinto Turkie the fourth Epiftlc.

Comming neere vnto Buda.thc Bailia fent fomc of his
houfholdScruantstomeetevs, with many Haraldes and ,
officers: But among the reft a faire troupe ofyongmen
on horfe-backe, remarkable for the nouelty of their or-
der. They had their heads bare and(hauen> vpon the ,>
which they had mad ej a long bloudie ilafli, and thruft «>
diuers feathers ofbirds within the wound, from whence „
the very pure bloud did trickle downe : but inftccd of ,,
(hrinking ac k, they went lifting vp their heads with a
laughing countenance. Before me marched fome fbote
men, one of them had his armes naked and hanging down
on his fides : bodi which armes aboue the Elbowe was
thruCl quite through with a knife that flucke fafl in them.
Another was naked from his head to the nauell, hauing
the skinne of his backefo iagged vp and downe in two ?
places , athwart which he had made to pafle , an hatchet
of armes, which hedid carry in fcarffe wife as we would
dot a cuctleaxe. I faw another ofthem who had fixed vp-«
on the crowne ofhis head a horfe fhooe with many nailes, »
and of To long continuance that the nailes were fo fixed
and fafl in the fle(h^ that they fUrrcd not. Weecntred

Ff into

225

3»

>»

y»

»>

»»

)»

11 6

. ,►«'

;;>;^'n:;ll!

(t
t(

(C
(C

((

Thetiiallof
the Sauagcs
conftancy.

^^il

^ll^yif ; . Romans.

Lacedemoniatis,

T.erli4ns.

Healthful!
Country.

N0tfa Ffdffcia,

incoBuda in this pompe, and were brouoht Into the Ba-
flias houfc , with whom 1 treated of my affaires. All this
youthly company Httle caring for their wounds were in
the lower court of the houfc ; And as 1 was a looking on
them the Bafha asked of me what I thought of it : All v\ ell
faidl, except that thcfe men doe with the skinne of their
bodies, that which I would not doe with my coat : Fori
would feeketokcepeit whole. The fiallia laughed , and
wctookeourleaue.

Our Sauages doe very well fomctimes make triall of
their conltancic, but wemudconfeflethatitis nothing in
regard of the things aboue rehearfed. For all that they do
is to put burning coales vpon their aimes, and to fuffer
their skinnes to burne, fo that the marks thereof doe re-
niaine therefor euer : which thing they doe alfo on other
parts of the body , and Qiew thele marks to fay that they
hauc a great courage. But the ancient Mntiits Scemla did
much more then that , burning courageoufly his arme in
the fire, after he had milled the killing of king Vorfenm.
If this wereof mypurpofe I would declare the cuftomcs
o{:hc Lacedemonians, who did make euery yeare a feaft to
the honour oi Diana, where the yong boies did ("hew their
triall by whipping of themfelues : Item the cuftome of the
ancient Perfiansy who worfliiping the Sunne, which they
called Adithra, none could bereceiued to that fraternity
vntilihehad giuenhisconffancytobeknowen, byfoure-
fcore kindes of torments, of fire, of water, of fafling, of fo-
litarinelTe, and other thinsis.

But let vs return to our Sauages Phyficions & Chicrur-
geons. Although the number pf them be but fmall,yetfo
it is that the hope of their liuing doth not confifl wholy in
that trade. For as concerning the ordinary ficknellcs they
are fo rare in thofe parts, that tlic verfc oi'OuialwAy be ve-
ry well applied vnto them :

Si valeant homines ars tua Phabe iacet :

Inhy m^Sf, pro ^ia. For thcfc doc alfo liuc a great
o.^i age,

Noua Frdpicia.

227

•g«'

f, which is commonly fcucn fcorc or eight fcorcycare. L^ngi^y
Andifchcyhadour commodities to liuc by forccarf, and '"^ '

induftry to gather vp in fummcr for the Winter, I beleeuc
they would hueaboue three hundred ycares. Which may
be coniedured by the report that we hauemadehccreto-
foreofanold man in Florida^ who had liued that great
age. In fuch fort that it is no particular miracle of that
which T^liny faith that the Pandorians doe Hue too. ycares
or that they of Tafrobane are liuely and nimble at a 1 00.
yearesold. VoxLMembertoH is abouea loo. yearesold,
and yet hath not one white haire on his head, and fo ordi-
narily be the others. And that which is more in euery ago
they haue all their teeth, and go bareheaded, not carincr at
lead to make any hats of their skinnes, asthefirftdid chat
vfcd them in thefe parts of the world. For they ofPeUpo- -j-j^^ ^,^1 #xi.
fteffts the Lacedemonians did call a hat Q^^;^, which luli- ginaJl of hats.
us P«/iHX (siith to (ignific a dogges skinne. And of thefe
hats doc yet the Northerly people vfe at this day, but •. ; r
they are well furred.

That which alfoprocurcth the health of our Saua^es, Concord is a
is the concord which they haue among them,and the foial caufc of long
care they take for the commodities of this life , for the l^^c*
which we torment and vex our fclues. They haue not
that ambition, which in thefe parts gna wcth and fretteth
themindcsand fpirits , and filleth them with cares, mak-
ing blinded men to goe to the graue in the very flower of
their age, and fometimes to fcrue for a (hamefull fpedaclc
to a publike death.

I dare alfo, and that very well, attribute the caufe of this
difpofition and long health of our Sauages, to their maner
of life, which is after the ancient fafliion, withoutcuriofity .
For euery one doth grant that Sobriette is the mother of Sobriety,
health. And although they fometimes exceed m theirT^- " -

^^<rif/ or feafts, they diet themfelucs afterwards well e-
nou<'h , lining very often eight dales more or lefle with
the faioakc o{Tabacc0,not returning to hunting vntil they

F f 2 be

228 •ArMr4 rrdncMw

be a hungry. And chat bcficles bcine nimble tbcy want no
excrcife , foroe way or other. Bricfcly there is no mentioi
amongft them of thofe fhorc ages w hich doe not out pall c
fourty ycarcj , which isthchtcof certame people oie/4:-
tUopia (as P/inji faith) which doc liuc ofLocuftes (or graf-
MultitMdtof hopcrs) faked in the fmoake. Alfo corruption is not a-
•nicers is ihe mongtheni,which is theioderingmother of P^^yT/ivif/ and
ftgneofacor. of Magiftratcs, andofthcmultiplicity of officers, and of
fupccJ ellaxe. pu^hke extortioners, whichore created and inflituted for
to giue order vnco it,and to cut off the abufcs. They haue
no fuces in law Tche plague of our liues) to the profecuting
whereof we mull confume both our yeares & our meane$>
and very often one cannot obcainc iuflice , be it cither by
the ignorance of the ludge , ro whom the cafe is difguifed*
or by hisownemahce, or by the wickednefTcof an Attur-
ney that will fell his Clyanc. And from fuch affli Aions do
proceed thetcares, fretfulneffes> anddcfolations, which
Ecdcfiaft.^ o. *^""g vs to the grauc before our time. Torforrew (faith
at the end of the wife man ) h^th killed many , And thereto no profit in it,
die chapter. Envj/kond rvrath Jborten thehfe, And care bringeth old age he*
fore the time. But theioy of the heart it the life of man : and
amans gladne^eproiongeth hJs daies»

• . 1 '\

€hap. xvir.

The exercifes of the LMen.

AFtcr health , let vs fpeakc of exercifes which be the
maintainers and proteOors thereof. Our Saua^es
haue no bafe exercife, all their fport being either
the wars, or hunting (whereof we will fpeakc fcucpally ) or
mmaking implements fit for the fame (as Cafar witneflcth
of the ancient Germans) or a dancing ( and of that we haue
already fpoken) or in paflTing the time in p'ay. They make
then Bowes and Arrowcs , bowcs which be (Irong and
without finenefTe. As for the arrowes it is an admirable
dung, how they can make chcmfo long and foflraighc
t . - with

Bmvesand
arrovTCS.

f ■■sa

■■*%

htywantno
s no mention
lot out pal] e
:oplcofe/4:-
^tes (orgraf-
ion is not a-

ccrs , and of
nftitutcd for
They hauc
profecuting
our nieanes>
e it cither by
isdifguifedy
of anAttur-
ffli£lions do
rions, which
forrew (faith
no profit in it,
't hold age be^
of man : and

Z29

Ahichbcthe
Dur Sauages
being cither
feucpally) or
irwitncflcth
thatwchaue
They make
t Hrong and
n admirable
idfodraighc
with

No Wife
tinde to ftll

with a knife , yea with a (lone onely , where they haue no

kniucs. They feather them with the feathers of an Ea^jles

taile, bccaufe they are firmCi and carry thcmfelues wc4i

in the aire : And when they want them they willgitica

Beauers skinne.yea cwaine for one of thofe tailes. For the

head, the Sauages that haue traiSke with French-men doe

head them with iron heads which are brought to them, any weapons

But the Armochi^ot^dc others more remot haue nothing to them.

bu t bones , made like Serpents tongues , or with the tailes

ofa certame fifli called Stcnau, the which fifli is alfo found ^^^*!']|*» ^^

inVirj^Mtahy the fame name (at leaA the £ngli(hHi(lo- ^*fX"mK'

rian doth write it Seekanank.) This fiOi is like to a Crauife ginia,

lodged withma very hard (liell,which (Kell is of the great-

ne{& ofa diih , a long taile, likewife hard (for it is (hell and

(harpe). Hiseies areyponhis backe, and is very good

tneatc.

They alfo make wooden mafes or clubber, in the fafhi- Mafes, or
on of an Abbots (lafe, for the warre, and (hields which co* clubs,,niicMs.
uer all their bodies, as did our ancient Gaullois. Asfor the
^^/yrr/ that is the womens trade.

Forfifhing. .The e/fr«w?«c%Kw> which haue iicmpe Fi(hing lines,
doe make fxihine lines with it , but ours that haue not any Hempe.
manuring of the ground y doe trucke for them with
French-men, as alfo for fiflMng hookes to baite for fiflies : Bowe-ftrings
oncly they make with guttes bow-ftrings, and rackets, *"=>^*^*^"'*
which they tie at their feet to goe vpon the fnow a hun- Radkcct.
ting, .

And for as much as the neceflfity of life doth conftraine
them to change place often , whether it be for fiOiing (for
cucry place hath his particular fi(hes , which come thither
in certaine feafon) they haue neede of horfes in their re-
mooue for to carry their ftuffc. Thofe horfes be C^^^^ivr/ e<im*wfi,ot.
andfmallboatesmadeofbarkcsoftrees,whichgoaS'fwi£t- ^°*"'
ly as may be without failes. When they remooue they put ^

all that they haue into them , wiues • children , dogges»
kcttlcsy hacchcts> MuxachM^y bowes, arro wcs^ quhiers,

FfS skinncf,.

1.1

i3<i

5y>i^4 FrancU.

skinnes, and the coucrings oftlieir houfcs. They are made
in fuch fort that one muffnot fturre, nor {land vp vv hen he
is in them, but crouching or (icting in the bottome, other-
wife the inarchandize would oucrturne. They are fowcr
foot broad or thereabouts, inchemiddcd, andarefharpe
towards the ends : and the nofc is made riGngjfor to paile
commodiouflv vpon the waues. I hauc faid that they
make them of'thc barkes of trees, for the keeping whereof
iii meafure, they garnifh them within,with halfe circles of
Ccder wood, a wood very fouple and pliable, whereof
Noahs I Arke was made. And to the end they leake not,
they ceuer the feames (which ioyne the faid barkes toge-
ther, which they make of rootes) withthegummeoffirre-
trecs. They alfo make fome with willowes very properly,
which they couer with the faidgummcof Firre-trees : a
thing which witneflcth that they lacke no wit, where nc-
cefTityprcdeththem. "

. 'Jj . Many nations ofthefeparts haue had the like intimes

paft. If wee feeke inthe holy Scripture, weefhall findc
that UHofes mother, feeing (hee could hide her child no
Bx«d. i.Y. g. longer, (he did put him in a little Ched (that is to fay in a
httle Canowe : (for Noahs Arke , and this fame fmall cheft
is one fame word t^^& in Hebrew , made of r cede, and
danbedtt with Jlime and pitch : thenput the childe in it , and
/aid it among the huUrufies by the fhoare of the %JHer, And
the Prophet lfaiahthxt2itv{\v\2^\\\t9y£thiopians and Affyri'
anf : fVoe (faith he ) vnto the Countrie which fendeth by fea
Ambaffadors in paper vejfe/s (or ru(hcs)vpon the waters Jay-
ing : Afejfengers goe yee quickly, &c. The z^gyptians^
neighbours to the <ty£thiopians had in the time of Iff/ins
Cafar , the fame vcfTcls , that is to fay, of paper, which
is a rinde of a barkc of a tree : witnedc Lncan in thcfc
verics I -^ *'-•»•■<-'■ '^ - ■■'»'■ 'i-,- . • .;-.i ^ .; i.,*t^-

-, ■ Conferittir bihuU Memphitis cjmbapapyro, " '•' -
But let vs come from the Eaft and South to the North ;
Plwy faith,that anciently the EngUQimen & Scotiflimen,
t^ii^W; : A fetched

Caaowes
made of wil-
lowes.

Paper Can^^tt.

booke.

THn,UB.^,ta.
i4.

Mm FrancU^

fetched Tinnc in the land o^MtStt^, with Camwes of Wil-
lowcs fcwed in leather. SoUn lairh as much, and Ifidore^
which calleth this falliion oiCanerves, CUrahnSy made of
Willowcs,and enuironed with oxc hides all raw , which
(fdith hc)thc Saxon Pirats doc vfc, who with chofc iiiflru-
ments arc fwift in flight. Sidonens de i^oltgnac^ fpcaking of
the fame Saxons, faith,

'-^— ^Qm Relief aUmfulcareBr'ttamHm
LudtiSy O* ajfutoglaucHm mare finder e Lemho,
The Sauagc s of the North towards Labrador )^2Mt ccr-
tainc fmall C^»o»^^/ot thirteencorfouretccne fbote long,
and two foot broad, made of this faOiion, all couercd wicii
leather, yea ouec head, and there is but one hole in the
midft , where the man putteth himfclfe on his knees , ha-
uing halfe his body out, fo that he cannot pcrifli, furniQi-
ing his vefTcls with viftuales before he commeth in it. I
dare beleeue that the fables of the S Irenes or Marmaidcns
come from that, the dunces efteeming that they were fi-
flics,halfcmen or women, as they haue fained Centanres
b) feeing men on horfebacke.

T\i'^^^^oHchiquois^ ZJirginianSi Floridians , and Bra-
y/Zi^w/, doc make another fafliion of Canovfes, for hauing
neither hatchets nor kniues, (except fomc copper ones)
they burne a great tree very ftraight, at the foot , and fall
it downc, then they take fuch length as they will , and vfc
to burne it in fteed of fawing it, fcraping the burnt part of
the tree with ftones: and for the hollowing of the vcflell,
they doe continue the fame. In one of thole boats fix men
will faile with fome (KifFe , and will make long voiages.
But thefe kindeof C4«(?ji?^/ are heauierthan the others.

They alfo make long voyages by land , as well as by
fea, and they will vndertake (a thing rncredible ) to goe
twcntieorthirtieyeafortie leagues through the woodes.
without meeting with any path or Inne , and without cr-
rymg any vi£lualcs butTabacco, and a tinder box, vvirh
their bo w in hand, and their qumcr at their backs. And we

231

Ifidnli. \i)»
"»/). I.

Zot Sidcn.Caxm.j,

The originall
of the Siren$
fables.

Cdnowti of

holowed..

trees.

Long voiages
in the woods.

h I

tj»

They are
commonly
Birch trees.

Pottcricof
earth.

inf^rance are much troubled when we haue netler ibliccte
loft our way in fome great forrcfl:. If they be prefTed with
thirft,they haue the skill to fucke die trecs^ from whence
d oe trickle downe a fwcet and very pleafantlic^uor, as my
felfe haue cried ic fometimcs.

In the countries where they vfe tillage , as m thae
of the Armoffchi^/tois , and farther off, the men doe make
an infinite quantitie of Earthen pots, hkein faihion to
night caps I in which they fceth their meats, fiedi , fifh,
beanc"/ corne , pompions 3cc. OuxSonriquoii did foan-
cientl nd did till the ground, but iince that French- men
doe bring vnto them kettles, beanes, peafon, bisketand
other foode they are bjccome flouthfiill , and make no
more accompt of thofc exercifies. But as for the Armou^
chiqHoisw\iv^ haue yet no commerce withvs, and them
that are further of, they till the ground , doc fatten it
with (hells of fiQi , they haue their families diQm^ j and
?h* ro^d ^^^^ P^°^* °^ groundabout them 5 contrary to the ancient
Ccrmans. * ^^^^^^^ which (a3 C<tfar faith) bad not any field proper^
neither did they dwell abouea ycere in one place , hauing
almod no other liuingthenmilke, fleOi, and cheefe,
thinking it too tedious a thing for them to tary a whole
ycere o f purpofe , for to reape a harueil. Which is alfo
The Siuagcs the humor of our SoariqHois and Catiadiaus , who , and
be not labo- all others (as wee muft needs confefTc) are nothing labors
rious. Qyj jjyt j„ hunting. For, the manuring of the ground,

the women doetake the grcateft paines in it,who amongfl;
them doe notcommand at home, and doe not make their
husbands to go to the Market , as they doe in many pro-
uinces in thcfe our parts, and efpecially in the Country
• oflealoufie.

As for the tillage of the FloridUns , heare what Z^-

The "Ploridi- dommere{d\t\i of it: They fow their come twife a yeere,

Sowlnif ^ that is to fay , in March and in lune , and all in one and the

CTtifca ycere. ^^Ife fame landc. The faid Mill from the time that it is

fowed vntill it be ready to be reapea , is notaboue three

mofiecbs

. "'.

I • t

nuonthcs in the ground.Thc {vi other monthcs tlicy fuflfcr
the ground to reft. They alfo gatlicr fairc Pompians and
very good bcancs. They doc not dung their land: oncly
when they will fow, they fctthc weeds on fire which arc
growen during the fix iiiontIics,and burnc them all.Thcy
till their land with an Inftrunicntofwood, which is made
like to a broad pickaxe, wherewith they digg their vines
in France: They put two graincs of mill together. When
the lands are to be fowed, the king commandethoneof
his men to call his fubie^^s together euery day to come to
labour, during the which, the kingcaufeth great (lore of
that drinkew hereof we hauefpoken to bee made. In the
feafonthat the Cornc is gathered, it is all carried! into
the common ftore-houfe, whereit isdiftributcd to eue-
ry one according to his qualitie . They fowc but fo
much as they thinke will ferue them for i\% moneths^ and
that very hardly : for during the winter they retire them-
felues three or foure moneths of the y cere into the woods :
where they make little houfes of Palme leaues ^ to lodge
themfelues in, and there doe Hue of acornes, of fifii which
they take, ofoy fters, ofStagges, Turkic hcnnes.and other
beafts that they take.

And feeing they hauetownes and houfcs , or Cibanes,
I may yet well put this among their exercifes. As forthc
TownSjthey be multitudes of Cabins ,madefomwhat Pi-
ramidc wife, others in forme ofa cottage, others like gar-
den bowres, compaft as it were with high pales of trees
ioined one neere the other, euen as 1 haue fct out the town
of HocheUga, in my mappe of the great riuer of Canada,
Furthermore, one muft not maruel of this fhape ofa town,
whichmight feeme fimplc : feeing that the faircft townes
of Mofcouic haue no better inclofure. The ancient Lacc'
^ffw^w^wj would haue no other walles then thcircouragc
and valour. Before thegenerall floud Cain did builde a
town , which he named Henoch (l beleeuc it was no othcr-
wife made then thofe of our Sauages) but he did feelc the

; . i '" .. Gg wrach

*33

Plowing,

Thcirliuing
during the
Winter.

The tonne*,
of the Saua^

TI-c begin-
ning ot
townes*

Beit -f »

Mil

■W^ ;i

234

Gen.4^20.

^GwiuUcs.

Mvud francia.

wrath of God which piirfued him , and had loft all afTu-
rance. Men had but Cabins and Pauillions , and as it is
written of Jabal the fonne of Hada j that he wa4 thefa^
ther of the dwellers inTabernacles andof Shephctirds, After
ihcfloiidthey buiJdcd thctower of Buher, but this was
folly. 7'*ir/^//^ writing ot the mancrsohheC^frw*?;^/, faith
thatinhis time they had not any vfe neither of lime nor
flones. The Englilli Britons much IclFe. Our GatilloU
were then,frommany ages before, come rociuility.Butyet
were they along time in the beginning without any other
Thefiifbbuil. habitations than Cabins: and the fiift G'W/o^king that
built to vvnes and houfe5,was MagHs^\^\\o fucceded his fa-
ther the wife SamotheSj three hundred yeeres after the
floud, eightyeeresafterthenatiuiticof vi^rrt/j<^Wj and the
oneandnfie yeercofthcraigneofiV/«/Af, as Berofjus the
Chaldean doth fay. And although they had buildings,
they lay notwithllanding on the ground vpon skinnes,
Hke to our Sauages. And as in the ancient times the names
weregiuen which contained the qualities and a£ls of per-
fons, AfajTw was fo called, becaufc hee was thcfirft buil-
der. For in the Scythian and ^r»?f«/^w language ( from
whence our 6'4»//<?^> came fhortly after the floud; and in
the ancient Gaullois toong , \4agtis (ignifieth a builder,
faith the fame Author, and fo hath lohn Anmns of Vtterhe
very wcllmarked : from whence came our names of the
Toy^ntsoi Rot homaguiy Neomagw, NemomagHS, So like-
wife Samothes fignifieth wife , and the old Cjmtllois
Philofophers were (^before \}c\tT)ruides ) called Sn-mnthe-
ans, Sis Diogc?ies LaertimrepoYtcth , who confcflcth that
Philofophie did begin from them whom the Greekc va-
nitie did call Barbarous.

I will adde heere for an cxcrcife of our Sauages , their
play at hazard , whereunro they are fo addicted that
fometimes they play out all that they hauc : And James
^mirtiervjt'vnh the fame of them vf (panada, in the time
that hee wa$ there. I hauc fccnc a kind of game that they

r ' haue

The Gaullois
Philolopherf.
Di'*^, Laert.
Ill the begin*
mng of the
hucsotPlii»
Joiophcrs.
Gamtsofihc
iiauages.

d loft all afTu.
, and as it is

oe was thefd"
?C(irds, After
but this was
ermans, faith
' of lime nor
Our GauiloU
jility.Butyet
>ut any other
lots king that
xeded his fil-
es after the
ham, and the
1 Berofim the
id buildings,
pen skinnes,
ics the names
daft-iofper-
thcfirft buil-
;uao;e ( from
oudj and in
ch a builder,
'Hi of Vtterbe
lamcs of the
gHs, Sohkc-
old Cjnttllois
I'd Snmnthe"
nfeflcth that
: Greekc va-

uages

their
d dialed that
: And lames
i in the time
ne that they

hau«

hauc , biit not thinking then to write this treatic , I tookc
no heedc to it . They put fomc number of beanes co-
loured and painted of the onedde in a platter: and ha-
uing ftrctched out i*. s cinne on the ground , they play
there vpon,ftriking with the difiivpon this skinne, and
by that meanes the beanes doe skippe in the aire^ and do8
not all fall on that parte that they be coloured ; and in
that coniiReth the chance and hazard : andaccordinp-to
their chance theyhauea certaine number ofquilsmade
of rullies , which they diftribute to him that winneth for
to keepe the reckoning.

Chap. XVIH.
Of the IV omens exercifes,

THc woman was giuenin the beginning vnto Man,
not onely for to aide aud affiH him , but alfo to be
the ftore houfe of generation. Their firft exercifc
then that I will attribute vnto hcr,after that (he is married
is to bring foorth goodly children, and to affiftherhuf-
band in this worke : for thi« is' the end of marriage. And
thcrforeisflie very wel and fitly called in hehrerv t^'l'O'l
that is to (iky pter-ced i bccaufeitis meetethatflie be pier-
ced, if (hee will imitate our common mother the Earth,
which in the Spring time,defirous to bring forth,cpeneth
her bofome for to receauethcraine and dewes which the
hcauen powreth vponher. Nowl find that this cxercife
fhalbc rcquifite for them that will inhabiteNew France to
bring foorth there (loic of creatures, which ilialliing the
praifes of God. There is land enough to nourifli them,
fo that they be willing to worke: and thcit condition
fliallnot befo miferable as it is with many in thefe partes,
which doe fecketo emploie themfclues and doe not find
wherein : and albeit they find it, yet very often is their
labour vnrewarded and vnfruitfull. But in thatcountrie
he that will take pleafurc, and as it werefport himfclfc

Gg2 with

^35

The womam
J s called Pi>r-

Marriage rc-
quilitc for
planters in a
new pofll'flcd
Land.

Great encou-
ragcment for
the honcftly
minded that
go€ to inha-
bite in thoCs

le parts.

;

fc' «

S,;' ■lit f4 .

as*

i.Tiia.i.Tj.

I,fuit.i 1.
purificacion.

Hccre abouc

^^»^ Frgmia. '

with fvvcctc labour , he (hall be affurcd to Hue out ofbon-
dage^ and chat his children (hall yet be in better (late then
himfelfewas. Thcfirft exercifcthcnofthewoman is to
worke in generation, which is a labour fo faire and fo me-
ritorious , that the great Apollle S, PahI, to confolate
thciii in the paincs they take in that labour hath faid ithAt
the woman fljallhefaued throHgh i? earing of children, if they
rernaine in faiths and tone, 'and ho/inejfe with modeHy, Thd^t
isto fay , If llie inllru6t them in fuch fort that the god-
linefl'c of the mother may beknowen by the good infli-
tutionof the children.

This tiift and chiefeft article being mentioned, let vs
cometo the others. Our Sauagc women after they haue
brought foorththc fruite of this exercifc , by I know not
what praftife , doc obferue without law that which
was commanded in the lawc of LMafes touching purifica-
tion. For they fhut vp themfclues a parte, and know
not their husbands for thirty yea fcurty daies : during
which time they doe not Icaue for all tha t from going here
and there, where they haue bufinefTe, carrying their
children with them, and taking care for them.

I haue faid in the chapter of the7<i^4^/> that among the
Sauages, the women are not in as good a condition as they
were anciently among the Gaullois and (Jermans, For (by
the report of lames ^mrtier himfelfe ) they labour more
then the men, faith he, whether it be in filhing, be it in til-
ling or in any thing elfe. And notwithftanding they arc
neitlierforced,nor tormented: but they are neither in their
Tabagies nor in their counfels, and doe the fci uile buiincf-
fes, for want of feruants. If there be ai^y vcnifon killed,
they goe to flay it and to fetch itj y ea were it three leagues
off : and they rauftfindeit out by t^heonely circumilance
that lliall be defcribed to them by words. They that haue
prifoners doe alfo employ them to that , and to other la-
bours, as to goe fetch wood with their wiucs : which is
folly in then) to got fetch dric and rotten wood very farre

off

eoutofbon-
:cr ftate rhcn
^oman is to
e and fo mc>
to confolate
ch faid ithAt
'dreM, if they

hat the god-
good inni-

oncd, let vs
erthcyJiauc
^ I know not
that which
ingpurifica-
) and know
lies : during
11 going here
rrymg their
1.

atamongthe
ditionasthey
ans. For (by
labour more
ig, be it in til-
ling they arc
either in their
I uilc bufinef-
:nifon killed,
three leagues
circumdance
ley that hauc
ito other la-
;s : which is
'od very farrc
off

JNlfua Franelu

otf for to warme them, although they be in the middcft of
aforrcft. True it is that the linoake is very irkcfomcto
them : whichit may be is the caufe thereof.

Touching their fmaller exercifes ; when the winter
doth approch they prepare that winch is neccflary to
oppofe themfelues againd this rigorous aduerfary , and
make mattes of rulhes y wherewith they garnifb their Ca-
bins, and others to fit vpon, and all very artificially, yea
•Ifo colouring their rufhcs, they make partitions in their
workes, like toth:m that our gardeners doe make in their
garden knots, withfuch meaiureand proportion as no-
thing is found amifTe therein. Andbecaufe that the body
muualfo be clothed, they curry and fupplc the skinnes of
Beuers, Scagges and others, as well as can be done heere.
If they be little they few many together,and make cloakes>
flecues, ftockens, and ftiooes, vpon all which things they
make workes which hauc a very good grace. Item they
make Panniers of ruQies and rootes, for to put their necef-
fities in, ascorne , beanes j peafon, fiedi, fidiand other
things. They make alfo purfesof leather , vpon which
they make workes woorthy of admiration, with the haircs
of Porckepines, coloured with red, black, white and blew,
which be the colours that they make, foliuely thatourcs
feemc in notkingto be comparable to them. They alfo cx-
ercife themfelues in making diHies of barke to drinke, and
put their meatcs in, which are very faire according to the
(luffe. Item skarfes , necklaces and bracelets which they
and the men doc weare (which they call Matachia) are of
their making. When the barkes of trees muft be taken oflF
in the Spring-time, or in Summer, therewith to couer their
howfes, it is they which doe that workc : As lilccwife they
labour in the making of Canowes^n^ fmallboates, when
they are to be made : Andas for the tilling of the ground
(in the countries where they vfe it) they take therin more
paines then the men, whocloe play the gentlemen , and
naue no care but in hunting , or of warres. And not with-

257

Mattes.

The currying
ami drcfling
of skinnes.

Panniers.

Puifcs.'
Dies.

DiOies.

Maticbia^

Canowes,

GS3

fiandinj;

iji.

' mm-n

%l%

Thcwomens
louero their
hu^ibands.

htm.

''■r Pit
lllliil

Fairc obfcr-
uation vpon
the names of
the Man and
the woman,
jibenHeT^a
on the 1, cha.
of the Proucr.
17. vcrf.

(landing all their labours , yet commonly they louc theif

husbands more then the women of thele our parts. For

none of them are feene to marry againe vpon their graues,

that is to fay prefently after their deceafe , but rather doe

tarrya long tune. And if he hath beene killed , they wjU

eatnoflefh nor will condefcend to fecond marriage vntill

they haue feene the reuenge thereof made : Ateltimony

both of true loue (which is fcarfe found among vs ) and al-

fo of chaftity . Alfo it happeneth very feldome that thcv

haue any diuorcements , but fuch as arc voluntary. And

if they were Chriftians they would be families with whom

God would dwell and be well pleafcd,as it is meet it Hiould

be fo , for to haue perfe£l contentment : for otherwifc

marriage is but torment and tribulation. Which the He-

hrewes great fpeculators and fearchers into holy things, by

afuttle animaducrfion , haue very well noted, foray^hen

Hez.ra£i\i\\ , that in the name of the man ^'s^ and of the

woman n\i;^ the name of God, 7^/;, is contained : And if

the two letters which doe make this name of God

be taken away, there (hall remaine thefe two words ^^\

\iP^A which do lignifie/r<r Sindfire, that is to fay,that God

being taken away it is but angui(h, tribulation^ bitterneflc

and o;riefe.

Math. 1 J.V.I.

Chap. XIX.
Of their Ciuility.

ONemuft not hope to finde in our Sauages thatci-
uility which the Scribes and Pharifees did require
in the Difciples of our Lord. For which their ouer
great curiofity'he made them fuch anfwer as they deferued.
For they had brought in ceremonies and cufto:ncs which
were repugnant to Gods commandement , which they
would haue flraightly to be obferued, teaching vngodli-
neflb vnder the name of Pietj. For if a wicked child did
giac and put into the common box of the temple that

which

which appcitaincd tc his father, or to his mother, they
(for to draw this profit) did juftifierhis wicked Sonne, a-
gainfl the conimandcment of God, who hach aboueall
things commended 6c commanded the childrens obedience
and reuerencc towards them chat haue brought them into
the world,which are the image of God, who hach no need
of our goodes, and doth not accept the oblation that is
made vntohim of the goods of another. The fame Scnbcs
and Pharifeesdidalfo bringm, aciuiliryco walli hands,
which our Lord doth not blame but in as much as they
made the not obferuing of it, to be a great (inne.

I haue nocaufc topraifc our Sauages inthofe kind of
ciuilities, for they waih not thcmfelues atmeales, vnlefle
they be monftroufly fowle : and not hauing any vfc of
linnen, when their hands be greafie they areconftramed
CO wipe them on their haires,or vpon their dogges haircs.
They make no curioficy of bekhing, being at meales :
which the Germans and others in chefe parts do as well as
they. Not hauing the art of ioyners worke they dine vp-
on the broad table of the world , fpreadinga skinne where
they eat their meat , and fit on the ground. The Turkes
alfo doe the fame. Our ancient Gaullois were no better then
they, who ( D'todorm faich ) did vfe the lame , fpreading
on the grouTid dogges skinncs, or woolucs skinne s, vpon
which they did dine and fuppc, making thcmfelues to be
ferued by yongue boies. The Gcrm^ras were more rude.
For they had not learning, Phylofophy, nor fo much de-
licatenedc as our Nation, which Ct/ar faith to haue had
the vfe of a thouland things by themeanes of their Naui-
gationson thefeas, whereby they helped the bordering
people oiCjermany , who vfed fome fmall ciuilitie, and
more humanity then theochersohhcir Nation, by reafon
of the communication they had with our people.

As for the complements that they vfe one towards an-
other commingfrom farrc they may very briefely be reci-
ted. Forwc haue many cimcs feene Sauage Grangers to

arrwe

^39

God wilhnue
no obbtion
made of ano-
ther bodies
goods.

Sauages.

CaHUois.

Gemane^

Sauages arri-

uinginfomc

place.

240

]!.n^

.-•I.'

>'ii

The Sauaget

arriue in Port Royall, who being landed, without any dif-
couf fe^went Araightto MembertoHs cabin, where they fat
downe, taking Tabacco , and hauingwell drunken of it,
did giueche Tabacco-pipe to him that Teemed to be the
worthicCl perfon , and after confequently to the others :
Then fome halfe an howre after they did begin to fpeake.
When they arriuedatour lodgings, their fa lutation was.
Ho, hoy ho, and fo they doe ordinarily : but for making of
curteiles and kiHing of hands they haue no skill ; except
fome particulars ymkh indeuourcd themfelues to be con-
formable vnto vs, and fcldome cam e they to fee vs with-
out a hat, to the end they might falutc vs with a more fo-
lemneaOion.

The Floridtans doc make no cntcrprifc , before they
l^mz^M!"' affemble their Counfell diuers times : andinthcfcaflcm-
blics when they arriue they falutc one another. The Pd-
raofifii (whom LaHdonmerecsiWcth king ) placcth himfclf
alone vpon a feate which is higher then the others: where,
one after another , they come to falute him , and theel^
ded beginne their (alutation , lifting vp twife both their
hands as high as their faces , faying Ha,he,j/a, ha, ha, and
the others doe anfwer Ha, ha. And chey fit eucry one vp-
on feats which are about the Counfell chamber.

Now whether the falutation Ho, ho, doe fignifieany
thing or no (for I know no particular fignification in it)
yet notwithAanding it is a falutation of loy , and the
oncly voice //a, /?tf, cannot be made but almoft in laugh-
ing , tcftifying thereby that they arc glad to fee their
friends. The Greeks haue neucr had any thing elfc in
their falutations, but a witncfling of loy by their word
luiuuons ^.^f'^'' which fignificth, be ye merry: which 7>/^(7 dif-
PUiom c/;4r- hking was ofaduice that it were better to fay Sophroney,
mide, be ye wife. The Latins haue had their Aue, which is a

The falutatU vvifh of happinclTc : fometimes alfo Salne, which is a
*im andHt^' ^^^^"S o^ health to him whom one faluteth. The Hebrews
Wcnes. " h*^ ^^^ y^thzfialfim which is a word of peace and of

health*

Noud Ffdftaa^

health. According vnco which Our Sauiour did com*
mandhis ApoIUes to falutc the houfes where they (hould
enter in, thac isrofay (according to the interpretation of
the common tranflation) to pronounce peace vnto tliem :
which falutation of peace was from the firft ages amongil
the people of God. For it is written that let hro, Mofes ta-
thcr in law, comming to reioice with him for the graces
that God had done vnto him and vnto his people, by the
deliuering ofthem from the land of e>^^/>^ Mofes went
out to meet his fat her in Uw^ and honing bowed himjelfe kijfed
him : and they fainted one another with words ofpeace. Wee
Frenchmen doe fay, Dieu vowgard\ that is , God keepe
y oui Bieu vons doint le bon lour, God giue you good mor-
row 5 Item Lebon Soir, good Euening. Notwiihftanding
there be many, who ignorancly doe fay, le vohs donne, Le
bon lour i LeboHSoir,ihsitii to fay, I giue (or bid)you good
morow, ^ood euening : A mancr of fpeech which would
be more decent, by defiring and praying to God that it be
fo. Angels haue fometimes faluted men , as he who did
fay to Gedeon:L^fofiftrong and valiant man, the Lord it
with thee, ButGodfalutethnobody :forit belongeth to
him to giue faluation, and not to wiAi it by praier.

The Heathen had yeta ciuilitie infaluting them which
did fnecze, which cuftome we haue kept of them. And the
Emperour Ti^mMf, chefaddeftman in the world (faith
^tiny) would be faluted in fneezing, although he were in
his Coach &c. All thofe ceremonies and inditutions (faith
the fame Authour) are come from the opinion of them
which think that the gods will aflid our affaires. Out of
thefe words may beeaiily conie£lured that the falutati-
ons of the Heathen were praiers and vowes for health , or
other felicity , that chey made to the gods.

And as they didfuch things in meetings, fo did they
vfcrhe word ValeQatyc well, beye in health, as wee
vfetofayin Englifh fare you well) at the departure: yea
in letters and EpiQles^ which alfo they began alwaies

H Ji with

241

Math.! 0.1 X.

Exo«l.i8,7,

ludg.^.rs;

Salutation in.
Sneezing,

l>
)i
ii

The ancient
fafliion in the
beginning of
letters*

m»

rt. «

(^'^

God be vrith
you.

Tlie Siusges
obedient to
their parents.

Thlih.u

Deiad.i.

Deut.17.1^.

with thcfe words : IfjoH he in hesith , itii T»eH: I am in
health. But Seneca faith chat this good cufiome was bro-
ken in his time : As at this day among vsit is to write
clownifli like to put in the beginning of a letter, Godkecpe
joH in health : which was in times pad a holy and chriOi.
an manci of writing. Infteadofthisr<«/<r, which is often
found in the holy Scriptures , wc fay in our language
cy^Dieu God be with you , wilhing not oncly health to
our friend y but alfo that God doe keepe him.

BucourSauages hauenocany falutation arthe depar-
ture, but onely the ADiept which they haue learned of
V5. And tofinifh this difcourfc where wee began, they
aretobe commended for their obedience thattheyyeeld
totheir fathers and mothers, to whofe commandements
they obey , doe nouri(h them in their old age,and defend
them againCl their enemies. And heere with vs (oh mi-
ferable thing / ) there is often feene the childrens futes in
law againCl their parents : books of the fatherly power
are feene publilhed, concerning the childrens withdraw-
ing from theic obedience. An vnworthya^ for children
that be ChriClians, to whom may be applied thefpeeches
oiTHrntts Herdoniti^y recited in Titus Liuius , faying, that
there tsno/p eedier dectd$ng and taking vp of any matter , then
hetweene the father andthefonne ; a thing that might be dif-
patched in few words : for if he would not obey and gitte place
to his father, vndoubtedly euill/hoHld come to him» And the
word of GW which is a thunder boult faith : Cur fed be
he who honour eth not his Father and his UHother , and all
the people jhaU fay Amen* " > r

Chap. XX.

Of the Vertues and Vices of the Sauages.

Ertue like vnto wifedome , difdaineth not to be
lodged vnder a meane roofe. The Northerly nati-
ons are chelaft chat haue bcene brought to ciuilitie:

And

Nona FrancU.

And nocwich(lancling,beforc that ciuiIity,they'Iiauedone
great adions. Our Sauages, although they bee naked, are
not voide of chofe vertues , that are found in men of ciuili-
tic, For enery one (faith Ariflotle) hath in him,effeuJrom his
birth jthe principles andfeedes ofvertne. Taking then the
fowre vertucs by their fprings, we (hall findc that they
participate much of them, rorfirft concerning fortitude
and courage, they haue thereof as much as any nation of
the Sauages ( I fpeake of our iS'tfi/ri^^j;/^ and of their alli<>
ed) in fuch fortj that ten of them will alwaies aduenture
themfclucsagainfttwenticv^rwtf«f/;/^«<>^; not that they
be altogecher without feare (a thing which the fore alea*
gcd Ariflotle doth rcproch to the ancient Celtten-Caullois,
who feared nothing, neither the morions of the earth, nor
the tcmpefts of the fea , faying, that this was the property
of an hairebraine fcllow)but with that courage rhey haue,
they efteeme that wifcdome giuethvnto them much ad-
uantage. They fcarc then, but it is that which all wife
Rien doe feare , and that is death , which is terrible and
dreadfuU, asfhethatriflcthall, through which iheepaf-
feth. They feare (liame and reproch , but this feare is co-
fen germane to vertuc. They areftirredto doe good by
honour, for as much as he, amom^Cl them,is alwaies hono-
red, and getteth renouneto himielfe that hath done fome
faire exploit. Hauingthefe things proper rnto thcm,they
arc in a mediocritie, which is the very feate of vertuc.
One point maketh this vertuc of force and courage vn-
pertcft in them, that is, they are too reuengcfull, and in
thatthey put their foiieraing c6ccntment,wnich inclineth
to brutiQincde. But they are not alone, for all thofe nati-
ons how farrc foeuer they may ftretch thcmfelues from
one Pole to the other, are infeftcdswith this vice. The
Chriftian Religion onely may bring them to reafon, as in
fome fort (lie doth with vs(l fay in fome fort) becaufe that
wee hauemen very vnperfcfl, as well as the Sauages.

Temperance is another vertuc, contifting in the mcdio-
vu., - Hh 2 crit;c

MiJI.6 Etk

The ancient
Gaiillois
were with-
out feare.

What it is
that the Sa"
uages doe

Sauagcsrc-
uc:igeful!«

Temperance.

) ll

ir J1

I A.

■''*' 4 ■

244

critic inthingithatconcernc the plcafiires of the body;
for as for tliac which concerncth the mindc he is not called
temperate or vntcmperatc, who is mooucd with ambiti-
on, or with dcfire to learne, or that tmploieth his time in
toies. And tor that which conccrneih the body, tempe-
rance or vnteniperahce , is not applied to ail things that
might be fubic^ toourfenfes, vnleflcit be by accident,as
to colour, toapifture: Item to flowers and good femes :
Irem to fongs and hearing of orations,or commedies : buc
rather to that which is fubie£^ to feeling, and to thac
which fmelling fecketh by arts, as in eatingand drinking,
in perfumes, in the vcncrianaft ,to tenife play , to wrelt-
Ung, torunning, and fuch like. Now alhhefe things do
depend of the will J which being fo, it is the pare of a man
to know how to bridle his appetites.

Our Sauages haue not all the qualities requidte for the
pcrfe£lionofthisvertue. For as for meateswemunac-*
knowledge chcir vntcmperance, when they haucwherc^
with, ana they doe cat parpetually, yea fofarrcas to rife
in the night to banquet, fiut feeing that in thefe our
parts many are as vicious as they, I will not be to rigorous
a Cenfurer of them. As for the other anions there is no
more to be reprooucd in them then in vs : yea I will iay
le{lc,in that which concerneth the 'L^r;;tfr/4rwaftion,wher-
to they arc little addi^ed : not comprehending heere,
Hecretoforc ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ » t\\^m of Florida , and in hotter countries , of
chap. I J. whom wee haue fpoken hecretoforc.

Ltberalicie is a vertue as worthy praife, as auariceand
prodigalitie , her oppofircs arc blame worthy. It confifl-
cthin giuingand receauing, but rather in giuing in time
and place , and according to occafion , without excefle.
This vertue is proper and. befitting great perfonages,
which be as it were Stewards of the goods of the earthi
which God hath put into their hands , for to vfe them li-
berally , that istofay todiftiibute themrahim that hath
jionc J not being cxcefFiue in needlcile cxpences , nor too
, ' ? fparing

Liberality.

Noud Fnncid,

fparmg where magninicencie iscobccQiewed.

OurSauages arc praife worrhy in the cxercifeofcHi^
vertue, according to their pouerty. For as we ha ^ U^(
before, when they vUicone another, theygiuenutuiall
prcfcncs one to the other. And when ionic French Saga-
mos commcth to them, they doe the hkc wich him,cariiu<^
at his fccte fome bundle of Bcuers, or other f ui res, w Im K
beall their riches : And fo didcliey to Monfectdr dt^Pon^
trinconrty but he tooke them iwt to his ownc proper vfc,
but rather put them into Monfieur de CMonts his ftorc-
houfe, bccaufe he would not goe againfl the pnuiledge
giucn vnto him. This cuRome of thelaidSauages pro*
cccdethbutfromaliberallmindc, and which iiath (ome
generofitie. And although they bee very glad when the
hkc is done vnto them , yec fo it fallech out, thac they be-
gin the venture , and put themrdues in hazard to loofe
their merchandife. And who is heeamongQ vs thac doth
more than they, that is to fay, which giucth but with in-
tention to receaue ? the Poet faith, ^

NemQfuM gratii perdere vellet opes.
There is no body that giucth, intending to loofe. If a
great perfonage giucth to a meane man, that is for to draw
(ome fcruice from him. Euen that which is giuen to the
poorc, is to receiuc the hundred fold, according to the
promircofthe Gofpel. And for to fhcw the galantneflcof
ourfaid Sauages: they doe not willingly cheapen, and
do concent thcmfelucs with that which is giuen theraho-
ncftly with xwiliingmindc, difdaining and blaming the
fafhionsofour pcric merchants, which bee an houre a
chcapnkigfortobuyaBcucrskinnc : as I faw being at Hcerctoforc
thcriuer Saint lohn, whercoflhauefpokcn hcerctoforc, ^j °°jf
that they cal[cd a y oong merchant of Saint Aialoes Mer-^
sAtoria, which is a word ofrcproch among them ♦borrow-
ed of the Baskcs , ilgnifyingasitwere, a hagling fellow.
Finally , they haue noching in them but frankneflc and li-
bcralitic in their cxclianging. And feeing the bafe maners

Hhs of

ISVJ

S?'

"'^!|.

i»'^

146

rAgeiX4.

Ni^ua Frarfcia,

of fomeof our men , they demanded fometimes , wliac
they came to fceke for in their countrie,faying, that they
came not into ours : and feeing that wee are richer than
they, we (hould giue them hberally chat which we haue.
Out of this vcrtue, there groweth in them a magnifi-
cence which cannot appeare , and remaineth hidden , but
for all that they areprouoked by it, doing all they can for
to welcome their friends. And Memberton was very de-
firous that fo much honour (liould be done vnto hmi as to
fhoot ofFour Canons when he did arriuc, bccaufehefaw
that the fame was done to the French Captaines in fuch a
cafe, faying that it was due vnto hm> feeing that he was a
Sagamos,

Hcerc Hofpitality may be mentioned, but hauing fpo-
kcn theercof heererofore . I will refer the Reader ro the
chapter ofthc 2"^^^^^/, where I giue them the praife attri-
buted to the Ganllots and ancient French- men for this re-
fpe£l. True it is that m fome places there be feme which
befriends for the time, and take their aduantage in necefli-
tie, ashathbeeiic noted mLAHdomiere his voyage. But
we cannot accufe them in that, lead we alfoaccufe our
The ptetie of felues , which doe the like. One thing I will fay that be-
the S '^^"I^S" . longeth to fatherly Pietie, that the children are not fo cur-
towaids their £^ j ^^ ^^ difpifc their patents in old age, but doc prouide
for them wuh venifon , ^stht Sterkes doe towards them
that haueingendred them. A thing which is the fhameof
many Chrittians, who being weary of their Parents long
life, doc oftentimes ftrip them before they goe to bed, and
fo doe leaue them naked.

They vfcalfo humanity and mercy towards their ene-
mies wiues and little children, whofeliues they fparc, but
they rcroaine their prifoners for to feruc them , according
tothc ancientri<»hrof fcruitudc , broug-htin amon^ftall
the nations of the other world, againft chc naturall liberty,
B tas forthe men of defence they fparcnone, but kill as
many of them as they can catch.

parents.

mcs , wliat
;,thatrhcy
richer than
hwchauc,
I a magnifi*
liddcn , but
;iey can for
as very de«
o hini as to
aufehefaw
es in fuch a
tat he was a

lauing fpo-
idcr to the
jraifc attri-
forthisre-
bme which
c in neccfli-
yagc. But
accufe our
fay that be-
not (o cur-
oc prouidc
ards them
le/hameof
rents long
bed, and

their enc-

fparc, but

according

mongftail

all liberty,

but kill as

247

IQuA Franeia.

As for iufticc, theyhauc not any Law neither dcuinc
norhumane> but that which Nature teacheth chcm, that
one muft not offend another. So haue they quarcls very
feldomc. And if any fuch thing doc chance to happen, the
Sagitmos quieteth all, and doth iuflicetohim that is offen-
ded jgiuing fomcbaftanadoes to the wrongdoer, or con-
demning him to make fomc prefents to the other , for to
pacific him, which is fome forme of dominion. If it be
oneoftheirprifoners thathath offended, heis in danger
to goe to the pot. For after he is killed nobody will re-
uenge his death. The fame confidcration is in thefe parts
of the world. There is no account made of a mans life that
hath no fupport.

One day there was an Armcuchi^ffnis womanfrifoncry Execution of
who had caufed a country-man of hers, prifoncr,tocfcapc ^"^"^^ ^^^^
away :& to the end to trauel and pafFc on the way fhe had ^^ ^^^ ^^^■*'
(koWtnixom CMemhertous cabin a tinder- box (tor with- ^*^*
out that they can doc nothing) and a hatchet. Which be-
ing come to the knowledge of the Sauages, they would
not proceed on the execution thereof neere vntovs, but
they went to Cabin themfeluesfowerorfiue leagues from
Port Royall , where fhe was killed. And bccaufe fhe was
a woman, our Sauages wiuesand daughters did execute
her. X'iw^^fi?-r<'^f/'ayongmaid«of eighteene yearesof
age, faire and well fpotted with colours , gaue her the firfl
ftroakein the throat, which was with a knife : Another
maidcof thefameagc, handfomc enough, called C\fe-
tembroech, followed on, and the daughter oiLMemherton
which wc called LMembertou-ech-coech made an end . We
reprooued them fharpely for this cruelty, whereof they

wereallafhamcd,and'durft notfhcw themfelues any more.
This is their forme of lufticc.

Another time a man and a women, prifoncrs , went

clcane away,without tinder-box or any prouifion of meat.

Which was hard to be performed, as well for the great di-

ttanccofway, whichwa5abouc30o, leagues by land be-

caufc

; .^ • ^•'

\f:.

ill'

^y: X.

t48 2\C?*^ FramU.

caufeitbehoouedchetnco goc fecretly , and to takcliced
from meeting with any Sauagcs. Ncuertlielcflc thofc
poore foules pulled off the bailee of certainc trees, and
made a little boat, with the barke of them , wherein they
eroded the Bay Frafj^oifeyZnd got to the other flioare ouer
againll Port Royall, (hortning their way aboiie one hun-
dred and fifty leagues : and got home into their Country
of the ArmouchiiiHoism
Wherein the I hauc faid in fome place thatchey are not laborious,
Sauagcs arc ^^^ \^ hunting and fifhing, louingalfo the labour taken by

fl ilfun *" ^^^ ' fl^**^^^^^ *'^ ^^^ ^^^^^ painefull exercif e , as in the ma-
nuring of the ground, and in our mechanicall trades : alfo
to grinde Come for their owne vfe. For fometimes they
will rather fecch it in graines , then to grindeit by handy
ftrength. Yet notwithftanding they will not be vnpron-
cable. For there will be fomenieanes to employ them, to
that whereunto they be inclined by nature : without for-
cing it,as heecctoforc did the LAcedemonians to the yonguc
men of their Common-wealth. As for the children^hav-
uingyet taken no byas, it will beeafierco keepethem at
home and to employ them in thofe things that fhall be
thought fit. Howfoeueritbe, hunting is no bad thing,nor
fi(hing neither. Let vs fee then how they behauc thcm-
felucs therein.

Gcnf.i.v.a$».

Chap, XXL
Of their Hunting,

Od, before (in,gaue for food vntoman ciicry hearbe
bearing feed vpon all the earth , and euery tree
wherein is the fruit ofa tree bearing; feed : without

making mention of the fpillingof the bloud of beads : And
jiocwirhllandinff afterthe baniflimcnt fromthe Garden of
pleafurc, the labour ordained for the punifhmentof the
faid finnc required a ffronger and more fubftantiall food
then the former : fo man full of carnallity accuflomed

himfelfe

himfclfe to feed vpon flefli, and did came cercaine number
of bcafts for to fcrue him to that effedt: though feme would
fay that before the floud noflefli was eaten : for in vaine *^^"«M.vcr(.
hade^i^^/bcenalliepheardjandi'k^^/fatherofllicphards.
But after the floud, God renewing his coucnant with man: Qcnef 9
Thefearc and dreadofjou (faith the Lovd)Jhallbe vpoyi ene- Vtii^z.u
rj beaH: ef the Earth , and vponeueryfowle of the Heiiuen,
"With all that msoueth on the earth , andvj^on all the fipyes of
the Sea: they are gmen into your hands : all that mootteth ha-'
uing life /ball he vnto you for meat, Vpon thrs p riuil edge is ^^^ ohl"'
formed the ri^ht of hunting: the nobleft right of all rights right ofhun-
that be Hi thevfeofman, feeingthat GodistheAuthour fi»2.
of it. And therefore no maruell if kings and their Nobili-
tic haue referued it vnto them, by a wel concluding reafon^ Why it ap-
that if they command vnto men with farre better reafon k^nesandto^
may they command vnto beads. And if they haue the tlic-r nobility.
adminiflration of luflice to ludge malefaftors, toouer-
come Rebels, and to bring to humane focietic wild and
Sauage men : with farre better reafon i ha 11 they haue it for
to doe the fame towards the creatures of the aire, of the
forrefts' and of the fields. As for them ofthe {ea wee will Forwh.itcnd
rpeakeofthem in another place. And feeing that kings kings h.iue
haue httm in the beginningchofen by ihe people for to ^ecnechofen.
keep & defend them from their enemies , wiiilft that they
are at their necelfary works, andtomakewarre as much
as need is for the reparation of iniury , and recoueiyof
that whicli hath been wrongfully vfurped,or taken away:
itisvery reafonable and decent that as well themasthe
nobility that doc afTifl: and ferue them in thofc things, haue
the exercifc of hunting, which isaii hnasieofwarre, to
tiie end to rowfc vp the mind and to be alwaies nimble,
ready to take horfe , for to goe tc encounter with the ene-
my , to ly in ambufii , to alfaile him, to chafe him, to
trample him vnder fecte. There is another and firftaime jj^^ ^^^ ^^^
in hunting , \t is the food of Man, whereunto it is dclH- of hunting,
nated, as is knowcn by the place of Scripture afore allead-

li ged:

J J

ZfO

. ... , ., >'

• i -MP'

i <i

11^5

Interpretati'
on.

IIouM Frdnek.

ged : yea} Ifay , fodcdinaccdthatin the holy language
It is but one and the fclfc fame word *\iy for to (ignihe
hunting (or venifon) & meat : As amonga hundred places
this of the one hundred thirtietwopfalme. Where our
God hauing chofen^S'/^'/aforhis habitation and perpetuall
reft, promilbth vnto her that he will aboundantly bleffc
her visuals , and will fatisfieherpoore with bread. Vp-
on which place Saint .Hierome tearmeth Venifon ^ that
which the other tranilators doe call ViUnals ^ better to
the purpofc then JVidow in the common tranllation.

Hunting then hauing beene granted vntomanbya
heauenly priuiledge,the Sauages throughout all the Weft
Indies doe exercife themfelues therein without diftin^i-
on of perfons , not hauing that faire order eftablifhedin
thefe parts , whereby fomc are borne for the gouernment
of the people and the defence of the Country, others
for the cxercifing of arts and the tillage of the ground , in
fuch fort, that by this hire oeconomie eueryonc liuethin
fafety.

This hunting is made amongft them chiefely in the
winter. For ali the Spring and Sommer time, and part
ofAutumne, hauing nlhaboundantly for thcw and their
friends » without talcing anypaines, they doe not much
feeke for other food But in winter when that fiOigoeth
away, feeling the cold, they forfake thefeaflioars and
cabinnc thcmfelues withinthe woods , where they know
to haucany pray : which is done as farre as the Countries
that approach neer to zhcTropiejfieof Cancer, In the coun-
tries where Beucrs are, as throughout all the great Riuer
of Canada, and vponthc coadsoi the Ocean, as farre as
the Country of the Armo/^cht^uois , they doe winter vpon
the fhoars of lakes , for the fiQiing of the faid Bcuers,
whereof wee will fpeake in due place: but firft let vs
The dcfcrip- 0^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^'^^ ' which they call Aptnptopt , and our
on ofihc EU ' Bafques Orignac.

ha or Siagg. Ic is the tallcft creature that is , next vnto the Vroma-

daire

The winter
dweliing.

^aire and Came/!, for it is higher then the horfe. His
haires be commonly of gray colour, and fometimes of
dunnc or fallow, almoiVas longas the fingers of ones hand.
His head is very long and hath almoft an infinite order of
teeth. He bearcthhis homes double like the Stagge, but
as broad as a plancke, and three foot long, garnifhcd with
fprigges growing vpward all along vpon one fide.His feet
be forked as the Stagges but much more flati His flcfii is
fhort and very delicate. He feedeth in the mcdowes, and
liueth alfo of the tender cropes of trees . It is the plentiful-
left thing that the Sauages haue, next to fifli.

Wee may fay then that the beft and fitteft time for the Fit time to
faid Sauages, to all hunting by land is the Winter feafon, l*""^-
when that theforrefts be hoaric , and the fnow deepe,and
efpecially if vpon the fnow there comes a hard froft which
doth harden it. Then being well clothed with a cloake fur-
red with Beucrs , andfleeueson the a»"'^es tyed* together
with a latch : Item ftockens made witn the leather of£/-
ians hke to Buffc (which they tie at their girdles) and
(hooes on their feet of the fame leather, very finely made,
they o-oe with their Bow in hand, and the Quiuer on their
backes, that way that their Adutmoinh^ixk fliewedthcm
(forwc haucfaid heeretofore that they conftilt with the
Oracle when they are a hungry) or fome where elfe,whcrc
they thinke they fhal not loofe their rime and labour.Thcy
haue dogges or hounds, almift like to foxes in forme and
bi'^neffe, and of haires of all colours, which follow them,
and although they doc not fpend nor call neucrthelefft
they Qisn very well fmde the haunt of the beaft which they
feeke for , which being found they purfue her couragi-
oufly , and they neuergiue herouer vnt.iUthey haueher
downe: And forto follow the game more eafily, they tic Rackctsat
rackets (thrife as greatasoures) vndcr their feet, with the their feet,
which they runnc fwiftly vpon that hard fnow without
fincking. Ifit be not hard enough, yet they giue not ouer
hunting, but will follow the chafe three daics together, if

I J z ,nC€QC

rr.'

^s*

ftjncy
ting.

ThcSauagcs
doc carry

MuaFrdneia.

needebe. Finally, hauing wounded her to death they fo
"^luhun. tire her with their hounds, that fhc is forced to fall downe.
Then they cut and rip her belly, giuc releefe to the hun-
ters, and take their (hare of it. One muft not thinke that
they eac the Hefh raw, as fome doe imagine, indsLsIawes
^artierh'imklfc doth write, for they carry alwaies, go-
ing througbthe woods, a Tinder-boxe before their brefts,
for to make fire when hunting is done, where the night

Tinder, box Joth force them to tarric.

in the woods. y^^^ y^^^^ ^,^^.g ^ ^ j j^^ fpoile of an Effan left dead vpon

the brinck of a great brooke about two leagues and an
halfc within the lands: w here we pa (Ted the night, ha-
uins; taken the fnowes forto lodsc vs. Wee made there a
very dainty feafte with this veniion,more tender then any
other kind of fleOi : and after ithe rod wee had fodden
meat, and broth aboundantlvjmade ready ataninClanc
by a Sauage, who did frame with his hatchet a tubbe
or trough of the body ofa tree , in which he boiled his
Faireinuenti- fleOi. A thing which I haue admired , and hauingpro-
on of a Sa- pounded it to many, who thought themfelues to hauc
uagc foi the gQQd wits, could not finde out the inuentionof , which
kitwhin. notwithftanding is but briefe , which is , to put flones

^ made red hot in the fire in the faid trough , and to renew

y'^^ them vntill the meat be fodde. lofeph Accofta reciteth that

the Sauages of Per oh doe the fame.

The chiefe hunter bein^eturned to the cabincs tel-

leth the women what hee hath done, and that in fuch a

place which he nameth tothem, they fhall finde the veni-

The womans fon. It is the faid womens dutie to goe and flaie the Elian,

diutic. the Deare, Stagge, Beare, or other gam e, and to bring it

home. .Then they make good cheereas long as there is

any prouifion : And he that hath hunted 3 is he that hath

the lelTcr Dia/e ; for their ciiftome is , that hce mud fervc

the others, and eateth none of his owne purchafe. As long

as the winter continueth, they lacke none of it : and there

hathbeencfome one Sauagc that in a hard feafon hath

killed

KouAFrmcid,

killed fifty of them for his part, as I hauc fometimcs
heard.

Asfor the hunting of the Beuer, it is alfo in Winter that
chicfcly they vfe it, for two reafoni , one of them vvc hauc
allcaged heercroforc, the other becaufe that after Winter
this bcafl: Qicddcth her haircs,& hath nofurrcm Summer.
Bcfides that when in fuchafeafon they would feekcouc
for Beuers , hardly (hould they meet with any , becaufe
this creature is Amphihie, that is to fay, earthly and watc-
rilh, and morewaterifti thenotherwife : Andhauingno
inuention to take her in the water , they might be in dan-
ger to loofc their paines. Notvvithftanding if by chance
they meet any inSu^nmertime, Spnngtime,or Autumnc,
they faile not to esc jt.

Behold then how they catch them in Winter time, and
with mo(^ profit. The Beuer is a beaft very ncere as biggc
a s a (hornc llieepe, the young ones be lefler , thecolour of
his haire is of a chcft-nut colour. His feet be (hort,thc fore-
feet haue clawes, and the hinder feet with fins > like gcefe 5
the taile is as it were, skailed, almoft of the forme of a folc-
fiih, notwithftanding the skaile goeth not ofi^. It is the beft
and dclicateft part of the beaft. As for the head it js fhorc
and almod round,hauing two ranckes of iawes at the fides,
and before fowcr great iharpe teeth one by another , two
aboue and two beneath. With thcfe teeth he cuttcth fmall
trees , and powies in fundry pceces , wherewith he buil-
dethhis hoiife. That which 1 fay is an admirable and in-
credible things This creature lodgethhimfeltc vpon the
brinckes of lakes, and there he firft maketh his couch with
ftraw or other things fit to lie vpon, as well for him as for
his female : raifeth a vaut with his wood,cur and prepared,
which he coucrcth with curfFc , in fuch fort that no vvindc
enters therein , for as much as all iscoueredand iliutvp,
except one hole which leadethvnder the water, and by
that way he goeth foorth to vvalkc where he IKleth. And
becaufe the waters of the lakes doe fomctimes rife, he ma-
il ^ kcch

255

Why the Be-
uer is not tft"

l:cn in Sum-
nur.

Amphibie.

The (Jefc fic-
tion and filh-
ingofiheBc-
uci'*

TI1C Bcucrs
C'lbin or
denne.

iJ4

^llt,

I'll
f

; liar

*'. I

< '■■•J

Hovf the Be
Mcr is taken.

Noud FmncU.

kech a chamber abouc the lower dwelling, for to retire
himfclfcin, if in cafe any inundation (liould happen : In
fucb fort that fornc Beucrs cabin is aboue eight foot highr,
all made with wood , piraniidc wife, and dawbed with
mudde.Morcouer it ishcld that being 4Wi/>/?/^/>, as we hauc
faid, hcmunalwaies participate with water, and that his
tailebe dipped in it : which is thecaufe whyhclodgcth
himfelfc fo nccre a lake. But being fuctle he contentcth not
himfelfe with that which we hauefaid, but hathmoreouer
an ilTuc into another place out of the lake, without any ca-
bin, by which way he goethontheland and beguileth the
hunter. ButourSauages being awareofit, take order for
the fame, and ftop this pafTage.

When they will , then , take the Beuer , they pierce
through theifeof the frozen lake, about his cabin, then
one otthe Sauages thruQeth his arme into the hole,tarying
the comming otthe faid Beuer, whileft that another gocth
vpon thisife, flriking with a (lafe vponitfor toaftonilli
him, and make him to returne into his lodging. Then one
muftbe nimble for tofeaze onhisnecke, for if one catch
him by any part where hcemay bite, heewill bite very
fore. The flefh thereof is very good , almoft as if it were
mutton.

And as euery Nation hath commonly fomthing peculiar
that it bringcth foorth, which is not fo common witho-
thers \ So anciently the Realme o£Po»tm had the fame for
the producing of Beuers, asIlearneitoutof/>^/7, where
he faicth.

'-——ZJlrofat^uePontte^^aJlorea,
And after him oiSidoniff de PoligmcBiihoip oi Auvergne
inthefcverfcs,

Fert Indus ehur , CloAldaHS amomumi

AJfiritis gemmas, Servellera, thuraSabdttSy
Attismely PhcemxpalmM, LacedtmonolivHm,
Argos ecjHos, Eprm eqttds^ pecuaria G alius y
z/frmaCalj/h^frHmefjtaMcs, Campmm iAcchunt,

Anrum

«55

Aurum Ljdm^ ^r^hs guttam, PanchatH Pfj/rrham,
Pontmcajhreai hUttamTjrtiSi ara Cormthm, (^c.

But ^t this day the land of Cotnada bcarech the bcU
away for chac rcfpef^ , although that fotneof them are
brought out of Mofcouy , but they are notfo good as
ours.

OurSauages hauealfo madevstoeatof Beuers flcHi,
which was very good and tender, and like to becfe : Item,
of Lcopardsjrefcmbling much the wilde catj and ofa bcaft
which they tall Nthathes , which hath his pawes almoft ^Uthc:,
hke to the apes pawes, by mcancs whereof he climcth ca-
fily vpon the trees, yea he laieth his young ones there. He
is of graieOi haires ,and his head like to a foxes. But he is
fofat chat it is almoft incredible. Hauing defcribed the
principall game, I will notftandtofpeakeofwoolues (for
they haue (bme, and yet eat none of them)nor of Lucerns,
Otters, Conies, and others which I haue mentioned in
my farwell to New France , whereto I refcrre the reader,
and to the rccitallof Captainc lames Carrier,

Neuertheleffe it is good to fliew heere that our French Hoggw*
cattell proficeth very well in thofe parts. We had hogges
which haue multiplied very much. And although they
had a (ligh, they did lie a broad, euen in thefnow and du-
ring the froft. We had but one weather, which prooued A Weather,
very well, althogh he was not taken in by night, but was
inthemiddcd ofour yard in Wintertime. CMonfteurDe
PoHtrincourt made him twice to be fhornc, and the woll of
the fecond yeare hath becne eRcemcd in France better
by twofous in the pound , than that of the firft. Wee FiucSouft
had no other houQiould-cattell , but hennes and pigi- "^^^^^"^
ons , which failed not to yeclde the accuftomed tri- f,^^^ "^"
bute, and to multiply aboundantly. The faid Monfieurde Outards a
FoHtrincourt cooke comming out of the (licll fmall Outards l^indc of wild
which hce did very will breed , and gauc tiicm to the S^*^^^*
King at his returne. When the country is once (lorcd with
thofc creatures and others^ they wrll cncreafe fomuch that

one

Ki->

256

^^j

it <-

.'.■^l

Marucllous
mu'tiplicnti-
enof bcalU.

Thebcaibof
fbrida and

Lions.

Brafilians.

Tapirroujfoit,

S<2S^CS.

Ncud Francia.

one fliall not know what to doc vvith thcm,likc as in Peroff,
where arc at this day, and long fincc, fuch quantity of Ox-
en, kinc, iwine , horfes anddoggcs , that they haueno
niore owners, butdocappcrcaine totlicfirftthat doc kill
them. Bang killed they carry away the hides totraffickc
vvithall,and ihccarkafes are left there : which I haue many
times heard ot them char haue beene there^befidcs the wit-
l\QiTii\2,o( Iofeph<»yfcofla»

Comminginto the Country of the Armonchtcjuois, and
go:ng farther towards Firginui^ndFionda, they haueno
more £//<^«j nor Beucrs, but onely Staggcs, Hindes, Roe-
buckcs, Decres , Beares , Leopards, Lucernes, Onces,
woolucs , wildc-dogges , Hares.and Conies, withvvhofc
skinnesthey couer their bodies, making Chamois of them
of the big^ell: beads. But as the heat is tnere greater then in
the Coui»tries moreNorthernly, fothey do not vfcfurres,
butpluckcoucthc haires from their skinncs, and very of-
ten tor all garment they haue but halfe bretches , or a fmall
culliion made with their mattes, which they wcare on that
fide that the winde dorh blow.

But they haue in Florida Crocodils alfo , which docaf-
faile them oftentimes in fwimming.They kill fome ofthem
fomerimes, and eat them. The flelh whereof is very fairc
and white, bucicfmellcthofmuske. They hauealfoacer-
taine kinde of Lions which little differ from them of
Africa,

As for the Brafilians they are fo far from New France,
that being as it were, in another world,their beads are quit
diffcrin^^ (rem thofe that we haue named, as the TapiroHf-
foH, whivhif onedcfiicth tofee, he muft imagine a bead
halfe an Alleand halfe a Cow , fauing that her tailcis very
fhort. His haires draw towards reddc , no homes, cares
hanging, and an alles foot. The fleili tiicrofis like to beefc.

They haue a certainc kinde offmallStagges and hindes,
which they call Seoti-ajfo^td , whofc haires be as long as
Coaces haires*

But

But they aic pcrfeciitccl with an ciiill bcafl which they
d^IanoH-arCy ahnollas talland fwiftas aGiay-hor-ntl,
much like tothcO»f<r. Shcciscrucll,ancldoth norfpaic
them ifflie can catch them. They takefomtimcs (cnicof
them in fnarcs , and do kill thcni with long toniicuts. As
for their Crocodils they be not dangerous .

Their wilde-boarcs are very leanc andvnflefnie, and Wildc-
they haue a fearefull grunting and ci ie. But thei e is in them boarcs.
aflrange deformity, which js, that they haucaholevpon
thcbacke , through which the) blow and breath. Thofe
three be the biggeft beafts of Brafill. As for fmall ones they
haue feucn or eight forts of them , by the taking whereof
they Hue , and alfo of mans HeCh : and are better and more
prouidenr hti&bands then ours. For one cannot find them
vnprouided , but rather hauing.al waies vpon the 'Boucan
(that is to fay a wooden grate fomewhat high builc vp-
on foure forks) fome venifonor fifli , or mansflefh : and
with that they hue merrily and without care.

Now leauing there thofe y^«r/7r^o/>WwBrafilians , let ^ntJm^opk^^
vs returnc to our New France , whereche Men there are x'^ "i^^^" ca.
more humane, and hue but with that which God hath J^[^-
siuen to Man, not deuouring their Hke. Alfo wee muft oji^p^"^^'*
wy of them that they are truely noble, nothauingany prance be
a^ion but is generofe, whether we confider their hun- uudv noble,
ting, or their employment in the warrs, or that one
fearch out theirdomefticall actions , wherein the women
doe exercife themfelues , in that which is proper vnto
them , and the men in that which belongeth to armes,
and other tbina;s bcfittin<ithem , fuch as we haue fiid , or
Will fpeake of in due place. Burhecre one mult coniider
that the moft parte of the world haueliued fo from the
beginning, and by decrees men haue beene ciuilized,
when that they haue ailembled themfelues, and haue
formed common-wcalihs for to liue vnder ccrtaine lawcs,
xuk and policie,

Kk Cha-p.

111
ill

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

11.25

128

■ iO

■^ 1^ |2.2
L£ 12.0

.1*.

Hiotographic

Sdences
Corporation

33 WtST MAIN STRUT

WERSTER.N.Y. 14S80

(716)S73-4S03

)

25S

7QUA Ffdntid.

Pioii.1.17.

r//M. fecund
Epift>. of

the i.booke*

theyhaucin

France to

Ibeoceatthe

vi^reofa

bir«I,retaca

ilalce.

Chap. XX IL

OfHAwking,

SEcing that wee hunt on the land let vs not ouerflra^
our feiues, lead if wee take the Tea, wee lofe our
fbwles : for the wife man faith,^^4r in vdine the net k
jbred kef ere the eies$fall thAth/mewings, If hunting then
be a noble exercife , wherein the very 'Mufes thcmfelues
take delight, by reafonof (ilenceand folitarinefTe, which
.brings fborthfaire conceits in the minde: in fuch fort that
Dian^ (faith Piify) doth not more frequent the mount aines
then LMinervA. }£, I fay , hunting be a noble exercife,hau-
king is farre more noble, becaufeit aymcth at an higher
fubie£l, which doth participate of Hcauen, feeing, that
the inhabitants of the aire are called in the facred Scrip-
cure, Volncres cotli, thefoulcs of the aire. Morcouer> the
exercife therof doth belong but to kin^s,6c to the noblts,
aboue which their brightncfle (liinccn , as the Sunnes
brightncffe doth aboue the (larres. And our Sauages be-
ing of a noble heart, which makcth no account but of
hunting and martiall affaires , may very certainly haue
right of vfage, ouer the birds chat their land doth affoord
ehcm. Which they doe likcwifc, but with much difficul-
ties, becaufe chey haue not ( as wc haue) the vfc of guns.
They haue enough, and too many birds of pray, as Ea-
gles, Laynards, Faulcons , Ticrcelcts , Sparow-haukes,
and others, which I haue fpecified in my farewell to New
France , but they haue neither the vfc nor induftric to
bring them to fcruice, as the French Gentlemen : and
therefore they loofe much good fowle , hauing no other
meanes to fecke after them , or to take them butondy
with the Bowc and arrowes , with which inffruments
they doelikcvnto them who in France (hooteatthc(7e'4;
in time of middle-lent; or creepe along the grade, and go
to affaile the Ontardcs, or wild Gcefe,which doc graze in

the

t^9

NdttdFrdneU.

the Spring time , and in Summei- along the mcdowes*
Sometimes alfo they carrie chcmfclues fofcly and without
making any noifc in their canowes and light vefTels made
with barkes of trees , euen to the fliores where the Ma-
lards and other water fowle are, and there flrike them
downe. But the greatell abundance they haue, come
from certaine Hands, where fuch quanritie of them are,
to wit, ofMalards, Margaux , Roquettcs, Outards,or Great aboun-
wilde Geefe, Curhes, Cormorants, and others, that ic is a dance of wa-
woondcrfull thing, yea that which captaine lamer ^H^r- "rfoule.
/i^rreciteth, willfecme to fome altogether vncredible.
"When we were vpon our returne into France, being yet
beyond Campfeauy wee pad'ed by fomeof thofe Hands,
where in the (pace of a quarter of an houre, we laded our
barke with them, wee had no need but to {}rike downe
with (laues, and not to go about to gather vntill one were
wearie a ftrikin^. If any man doth aske why they flic not
away, one muft confider that they be birds onely of two
three 9 or fower moneths old , which haue becne there
hatch ed in the fpring time, and haue not yet wings great
enough to take flight, though they be well flefliic and in
good plight. As tor the dwelling of Port Royall we had - . .
many ofour men that furnifhedvs with them, and parti- p^r^tRoyall?
cularlie one of cJWtf»/<>»r ^tf i^(?«r/ his houfhold feruants,
called Francois Addeni^ whofe name I infert heere to the
end he be had in memorie, beecaufe he alwaies prouided
for vs abundantly with it. During the winter he made vs
to Hue onely of Mallards, Cranes , Hemes , Woodcocks,
Partriges,Blackbirds,& fome other kinds of that country
bitds.Butinthe fpring time it was a fport to fee the gray
GeefeandthebiggeOutardes(a kinde of wilde Geefe)
tokeepe their Empire and dominion in our meddowes:
and in Autumnc the white Geef^ of which fome did al-
waies ren^aine for a pawne : then the fea Larks flying in
great flocks vpon the (bores of the watcrs,which alfo ve-
ry often were paied home.
' Kk 2 Touching

•7

I li

260 NoM Frama,

Touching the birds ot' pray, fotnc of our men toolce
from the ncll an liagle , from the top of a Pinc-applc tree,
of the nioridroufcft height that cuer I faw any trcc,which
¥^^\^\q Afoftfienr Je P^utrincoHrt did breed for to prcfent
her to the king, but Ihc brake her ties, feeking to take her
flight, and loft her fclfc inthefca coaiminghoHie. The
SauagesofCampfeauhadfixof them pearched ncerc 80
• ;., theircabins, at our commin^ thither, which wee would
not truckc for, becaufe they had pulled oflf their tailcs to
to feather their arrowes. There bee fuch a quantitie of
them in thofe parts , that often they did eat our pigeons,
and it did bchooae vs to looke narrowly to them.

The birds that were knowen vnto vs , I hauc enrowled
them (as I haue faid) in my farwell to New France , but I
haue omitted many of them , Isecaufe I knew i|Dt their
names . There alfo may be feene the dcfcription oF a little
fmall bird, which the Sauages doe call Niridan, which li-
ucth but with flowers, andfhe did come noifingin ray
earcSjpaflinginuifibly (fo fmallis (hee) when in the mor-
ning I went to take a walke in my garden. There will be
feene alfo tke difcription of cercaine flies , (hininein the
euening, in the fpring time, which doe flic vp andaowne
the woods in fuch a multitude that it is woonder. For the
birds of Canada, I alfo refer the Reader to the report of
Captaine lames ^artier.

The ArmoHchuiHois haue the fame birdes, whereof there
are many which are not knowen vnto vs in thefe parts.
And particularly there is one kinde of water foule which
hauc their bils made like two kniues , hauing the two edges
one vpon another : and that which is worth the wonde-
ring at, the vppermoft part of the faid bill is (horter by the
one halfe then the lower-moff : in fuch wife that it is hard
CO thinke how this bird takerh her food. But in the Spring
Turkic- time the cockcs and hennes,which we call JndienoxTHrl^ie

€ockc$. cockcs doe flic thcther as wand ring birdes , and foiorne

there without pading further hcthcrvvard. They come

from

Tiiriddu, an
adminblc
little finaU
bird.
flics.

Awondcrfnll
^ule.

2)?
Cr rrc ficra

KouVranctu

frnm the parts ofVir^Mt/i and Florida. There be yet, be"
fides thcfc, Partridges , Parracs , Pigeons , Stockc-doucs»
Tiucle.d(i»ucs,Blaclcc-birds, Crowes, Ticrcdcrs, Faulcons, I'lrVIs and
Laniers, Hemes, Cranes, ScorckcSjWilde-geefe, Mallards, ^°"^" of r#>.
Cormorans; y^Xmt turrets ^ red, blackc/and gray ones, J^'J^** ^"'^^•^
and infinite forts of foule.

As for the Brafilians they alfo haiic (lore of Turkie-
cockesand hennes, which they name Ari^nan^otifjou, of
whomichey make no account, nor of their egges : In fuch
maner that the faid Turkic-henncs breedc their young
ones as they can , without fo much a doc as in thefc parts.
They haue alfo duckes but becaufc they goe hcauily they
eat none of them, faying that they would hinder them
from running fwiftly. Item akindcof Phcafants which
they call //ico«/: Other foules which they name Mouton
asbigge as peacocks : fome kindes of Partridges as bigge
asGeefe,calledm/i9r4r0M4 : Parratsof fundry^orts/and
many other kindes altogether vnlike ynto ours.

Chap. XXIII.

Of their Fijhing,

'Pptan , in the booke that he hath made vpon this
fuoie^l, faith, that in the hunting of beads and of Comparifun
birdes, befides the facility, there is more content- ^ctwccnc
mentand delight then in fifliing, becaufc that a man hath k""""nd **"
many retreats, one may get himfelfc into the (hadow, one fiflung.
may meet with brookes to quench his thirfl , one may lie
d^wne on the graffe , one may take his repafl vnder fomc
(helter* As for birdes one may take them in the neft and
with bird-lime,yca of themfelues very often they fall into
thencts. But poore fi(hcr-men caft their baitc vpon an
vncertainty 5 yea, double vncertaintie, as well becaufc
they know not what aduenture (hall happen vnto them,
as becaufc they arc vpon an vnconftant and vn-
tamcablc Element, whole very fight oncly isfcarefull:
They arc alwaies wandering from place to place, fub-

* Kk 3 IcCts

lil

Mu4Fr4ncid.

ieftsco cempefts, and beaten with ftormes and winds.
But yet in the cndhcconcludcth that they are not dcfli*
tutc of all plcafurc, but rather that they hauc enough,
when they arc in a Shippc well built, well tight, well
clofcd , and fwift in faihng. Then cutting the waucs they
goc to fea , where the great skulls of deuouring fiflics arc^
and cading into the fea a line well twiCled, the weight of
it is no fooner in the bottome , but that as foone the baite
isfnatchedvp , and fuddenly theHlli isdrawen vpwich

'1|

! 4

» ;i

ibrming
his common-wealth hath forbidden his Citizens the cx-
crcifcof 6fhing, as vnnoble, andiliberall, andfoderer
ofidlenelTe. Wherein he did gro(^c\y at^uMocateSpccMy
when he chargeth fi(her-men with idleneffe. Which is fo
cuident t^at 1 will not vouchfafc to refute hini.But I mar-
uel not of that which he faith of fi(hing , feeing that with
the fame healfo reie£leth banking, vpon the fame reafons.
Plutarch faith that it is more laudable to take either a Hart,
a Roebuck, or a Hare, then to buy them: buchewadeth
not fo farre as the other. Howfoeuer it be , the Church,
which is the firft order in humane fociety , whofc Pri eft-
hood is called Royall by the great Apoftle Saint Peter,
hath permitted iiOiing to church-men , and forbidden
hunting and banking. And indeed , to fay that which is
moft probable, the food offifli is the bcft and founded of
Ariftotlc 8. of all , for as much (as Ariftotle faith) that it is notfubi*ft
**a^ft°^^ to any fickeneflc : from whence commeth the common
^' ^' prouerb : Somder then afi/h. So that in the ancient hiere^
vlyphtckfs a fifli is the ftmbole of health. Which notwith-
ftandins I would meane, eaten whileftit is new. foro-
cherwi(c (as P/«i«r«* faith) /'i/c/^ nifirecens nequatntH^ it
is nothing woorth.

Now our Sauages doe eat it new enough, aslono'as
itlafteth : which I bclecucto bee oneofthcbcftlnrfru-

ments

wcnts of their health and long life. When wintci" com-
meth, all fi(hes are aftonidicd, and Ihunne the ftormcs
and cempcds , euery one where he may: feme doe hide
chemfelues in the (and of the fea, others vnder the Rocks,
others doe feeke a milder toiintry where they may be bet-
ter at red. But as foone as the mildneHe of the Spring
time doth/eturne , and the Sea doth calme it felfe , as a^
ter a longtiegeof a Towne, Truce being made , the peo-
ple bejfg before aprifoner, iilueth forth by troupes to
goe and tike the aire of the fields and to reioice them-
Iclues : So thofe Citizens of the Sea^ after the gufls and
furious dormes be pad , they come to enlarge chemfelues
through the falted fields , they skippe, they trample,
they m.^keloue, they approach to the (hoare and come
to feeke the refrefliing of freQi water. And then our faid
Sauages that know the Rendezvous of euery one , and
the time of their returne , goe to waite for them in good
deuotion to bidde them welcome. The Smelt is the fird
fi(h of all that prefent himfclfe in the Spring. And to the
end wee goe no further to feeke out examples then at our
Pore Roy all , there be certaine brooks where fuch skulls
of thefe Smelts doe come, thatforthefpaceoffiueoriix
weeks one might take of them fufiicient to feed a whole
Citi«. There be other brooks , where after the Smelt
commeth the Herring,with like multitude , as we haue al-
ready marked elfe where. Item the Pilchers doccomein
their feafon, in fuch aboundance that fometimes willing
to haue fome thing more for our fupper then ordinary , in
leffe then the fpacc of anhoure, wee had taken enough
ofthem to fcrue vs for three daics. The Dolphins , Stur-
geons and Salmons doc ^ct to the head of the Riuer in the
faid Port Royall, w here fiichquaatirie ofthem arc, that
they carried away the nets which we had laid for them,
by reafon of the multitude of them that we faw there. In
all places filhaboundeth there inlikemaner , as wee our
feluei haue fccnc. The Sauages doc make a hurdle, or

wcarc.

a^j

Fiflies <fac
retire thcm-
rduesin
Winter,

The fi/l,e$
rendez-Yonr.

Smelts
in great
quantity.

Herrings.

Piichcff.

Dolphins,

Sturgions,

Saloiens.

Fifliingof the
Sauages.

Tithit»rM,

Na/iA Franck.

wcare, that croffeth the brookc, which they hold almofl
rprtraight, pioppcdagainQ wooden Larics,.irchwirc, &
kauc thcic a (pace for the fiflics to paflc , which fpacc
they ftop when the tidcdoihrecire,ancl all thefil}^ is found
llaicd in fuch a multitude that thty Aider i:to belofl. And
as for the Dolphins,Stur^ions and falnionSjthey rake them
after that tnaner, or doe itrike them with harping irons, fo
that thefe people arc happie. For there is nothing in the
world fo good as tliefc frcHi meats. And 1 find by my
The ftbnfc of reckeuingthat Pythagoras was very ignorant , forbidding
m his faire goulden fentences the vfc of fifhes without di-
ftin^tion. One may excufe him, in that fi(h being dumbe
hath fome conformity with his feft j wherein dumbnefl'c
^^^ (orfilcnce) was much commended. Itisalfofaid that he

diditbecaufethatfifh is nouriOied in an Element enemy
to mankinde. Item that it is a great tinne to kill and to eat
a creature thar doth not hurt vs. Item that it is a delicious
5c luxurious mcar, not of neccfllty (as indeed in the Hier§^
gljphtques ofOrtts Apoao, fiili is put for a marke of delica-
cicaiid vol uptuoufnciTe) Item that he(the faid Pythagoras)
^\(\ eat but meats that might be offered to the gods : which
is not done withfiflies : and other fuchtoies recited by
Pint arch in his Convivial c]ucftions. But ail thofe ftiperftr-
ons be fooliHi : and I would faine demand of fuch a man
if being in C^w^^^he had rather die for hunger then to eat
filli. So many anciently to follow their ownc fancies, and
to fay thefe be we, haueforbidden thefr followers the vfc
ofmeats that God ha:h giucn to man, and fomctirnes laicd
yoakesvpon men that they thcinfelues would notbcaic
Kow whatfoeuer the Philofophy ofTythaffcras'n, lam
none of his. Ifinde better the rule of our good velirious
men, which pleafe ihcmfclues in eating of' flefli, which I
liked well in New France , neither am I yet difplcafcd
when I meet with fuch fare. Ifthis Philofopher did liuc
with tAmiroJia and of the food of the Gods, and wot of
fiflies, ofwhich none arc faci.ficed vnto them. Our faid

good.

N0IM FrancU.

jgood religious, as the Cordeliers, or Francifcans of Saint
Maloes, and others offAc maritime towncs , together
with thePriefts, may fay that in eating fometimcs fiih,
they cateof the meat confccratcd to God. For when the
New found land men doe meet withfomc woonderfull
fairc Codde, they niakcof'itai'<i«(^jrr//i», (rodoe they
call it) and doc vow and confccratcitto Saint Frances,
Saint Nicholas, Saint Leonaidandochcrs, headandall,
whereas in their filhingthey cafl the heads into the fea.

Klioiildbeforcedtomake a whole bookc if 1 would
difcourfc of all the fiihes that arecomon tothe Br.ifiltarjs,
FloridianSyArmoMchiquoist Can^dtam ^^ ScftriqHots, But I
willreftrainmy felfetotwoorthree, haiingfii ft told that
in Port Royall there is great beds of Mufdes, wherewith
we did fill our Shallops y when that fometinies wee went
into thofe parts. There be alfo Scallops t wife as bigge as
Oyftersinquantitie. Item Cockles, which haue iieuer
failed vs : As alfo there is Chatagncs dcmer ,Uz Ch eft-
nuts, the moft delicious fiftithatjs pofTibletobec: Item
Crabbes and Lobftarts: thofe be the ihell fifties. But one
rauft cake the pleafure to fetch them, and are not all in one
place. Now the faid Port bc'vg eight leagues compafte,
there is (by the abouefaid Phik fophers leaue) good fport
to ro w in it for fo pleafanc a finding.

And feeing wee arc in the Countrie where the Coddcs
are taken, 1 will not yet leaue ofFworke, vntill I haue fpo-
ken fomething thereof! For fo many people and in fo
great number goe to fetch them out of all the parts of Eu-
rope eueryyeere, that I know not from whence futh a
fwarme may come. The Coddesthat bee brought into
thefe parts are either drie or wet/ Thefifhingofihc wet
fiOi is on the banke in the open fea,on this fide New found
land , as may be noted by my Geographicall mappe. Fif
teencortwentie(raoreorlefte) marinershaueeuery one a
lyne (it is a cordc) of fortie or fiftie fathams long , at the
end whereof is a hooke baited , and a lead of three pounds

LI waight

a<J5

The French

mciulnt goc
ihcicarrii.

Mufdcs.

Scalloppes.

Cockles.
ScaChcft-

nins.

Thefifliing
otCoddc,

Ban!(e:Sce
hecretofofc
in the I. book
chap, 1 2.

^vr

1(6

Drying of ihe
Codtic.

iSfi-

NouAFuncii.

waight to brfhg it to the bottomc : with this itnplcmenc
they filh their Coddes, which are (o orcedie,thatno foo-
ner let downe, but as foone caught, where good fi(hing is,
Thcfillibeingdraweiiafliippc-boord, there areboords
in forme of narrow tables along the (liip where the fidi is
drefTed. There is one that cutteth off their heads and cad-
eth them commonly in the Tea : Another cutteth their bel-
lies and garbcUeth them, and fendeth baclce to his fellow
the biggell parr of the backe- bone which hee cutteth a-
way. That done, they are put into the faking tubbe tor
fower and twentie houres : then they are laid vp : And in
this fort doe they workc continually ( without refpe^ling
theSunday,which is the Lords day) forthefpacc of al-
moR three moneths, their failesdowne, vntill the lading
be fully made. And becaufe the poore mariners doc en-
dure there fome cold among the fbggcs , fpecially them
that be moR haflie, which begin their voiagc in Februa-
rie : from thence commcththc faying, that it is cold in
Canada*

As for thedrie Coddc one muftgoe aland. There is in
New- found- land atKl in Bacaillos great number ef Ports^
where Ships lie at Ancker for three months. At the very
breake of day the Mariners doe goc two or three leagues
off in the fea to take their lading. They hauceueryonc
filled their fhaloupe by one or two a clock in the after-
noone , and do returne into the Port , where being , there
is a great Scaffold built one the fea (hoare, whereon the
fiihiscaft, as one caft fheaucs of cornc through abarnc
window. There is a great table whereon the ^fli caft , is
- drelTed as abouc faid. After fix houres they are turned,
and fo fundry times. Then all is gathered , and piled to-
gether j and againc at the end of eight daicsput to the
J aire. In the end being dried it is laid vp. But there mufl
be no fogges when it is a drying, for then \t will rot : nor
too much heat, for it would become red : but a temperate
and windy weather. „. . .

" They

They doc notfilh by night bccaufc then the Cod ail!'
not bicc. I durft bclcciic that they be of the fillies which
ruffcrthcmCchiestobc taken llcepir.g , although that ^/?-
fian is of opinion that lillics , warring and deuouring one
another, as doe thcBraliliansandCanibals, arealwaies
watchfull and llecpc not: excepting neuerthelcd'e the
i'4r^(7fonely , which hcfaithputccthhimlclfcincertainc
caues to take his (leepe. Which I might well belecue,
and this fidi defcrueth not to be warred vpon, feeing he
inakcth warrs vpon none others, and Uueth of weeds : by
reafon whereof alltheAuthours doefay thathechaweth
his cudde hke theSheepe. But as the fame C?/'/)m» faith
that this fithonely in chawing his cudde doth render a
moid voice I and in that he is deceaued, becaufe that
my felfe haue heard many times the Seales,or Sea woolues,
in open Tea , as 1 haue faid elfew here : He might alfo haue
4quiuoc4ted in this.

The fame Cod Icaueth biting after the month of Sep-
tember is pafTed , but recireth himfelfe to the bortome of
the broad Tea, orelfegoethtoahottercountry vntillthc
Spring time. Whereupon I will hecre aleadge what Pimy
noteth) that fiHies which haue (lones on their heads doe
feare winter, and retire themfelues betimes* of whofe
mimber is the Cod, which hath within her braines two
white (lones made gundole wife and iagged about : which
haue not thofe that betaken towards ^Scotland , asfome
learned and curious man hath tould me. This h(h is won-
derfully greedy, and dcuoureth others, almoft as bigg
as himfelfe yea cuenlobftcrs, which are like biggeZ^^-
gouftes, and I maruellliow he may digcft thofe biggeand
hard (hells. Ofthehuers ofCods our New-found-land-
men doe makeoiles, carting thofe liners into barelsfct in
thcSunnc , where they melt ofthemfelues.

There is o-reat trafficke made in Europe of theoileof
the fifli of Nc'w-found-land .And for this only caufc many
20 to the filliin? of the whale, and of the Hippopotames,
,^ LI 2 which

167

WhcrlKr tli»:
Codilf duih

flcfj'C.

Win fill, CI
flcc^cnoc.

Hccrctofoic

firltbooke,

ch.1p.17.

Vlin,HK.,c,lC.

Scones in the
Cods head.

Fill) oile or
trdiuc.

1^;

26S NottaFnnch.

wliich they call che bead with the great tooth or the Mor*
fes: ofw horn feme thing we muft lay.

The Ahnighty , w illing to fliew vnto Job how won-
Finiine| of derfuU arc his works : mlt thou drnrp (Caith he) Leuiatham
1 '/m // 9 d ? ^^^^ ^ hooke , and his tongue wtth aftn»i^ which then hafi cafl
w the wdfcri By zh\s LeuMtha»isthcvjha\cmc2ht,3ind
all iidies of that reach, wliolc hiigcntfie (and chiefcly of
the whale) is (o great , chat it is a dreadf ull thing , as wee
hauc n^cwcd ellcwhcre, fpeaking of one that was cad
oiitheCoallof Brafillby tlictidc: AndTlittie faith thac
there be foinc found in the Indies which hauc fewer acres
ofgroiind in length. This is thecaufe why man is to be
adiiiirccl(yca rather Ood,v\ho hath giiien hm the courage
toallailefofcarefullamondcr, which hath not his cquatl
on the land. ) I leaue che tnaner of taking of her, defcribcil
by OpfUHy and S.B of I {or to come to our French-men,an(i
chiclcl y the Ba(qiies,who doe goe euery yearc to the great
riuer of Canada for che Whale. Commonly the fiming
S. B*fti\o Ho. thereof is made in the riiier called Lefcjuemin towards Ta-
Y^,^,.Jr'-\ dmQc, And for to doe if they ^oe by skowtes to make
wacchvponcnecopsorrockcs, toleeitchey may haue the
fight of fonie one : and when they haue difcouered any,
foorih'A'ich they goe with (bwer Hialoupesafccr icandha-
uing cunningly horded her, they ftrike her with a harping
iron to che depth of hevtard,and tothequickeofthefleni.
Then this creature feeling herfclfe rudely pricked, with a
dreadful] boirteroufnclTc caHeth herfclfc into the depth
of che fea. The men in che mcane while at c ir. chcir fliircs,
which vete out the cord whcrctuuo the harping iron is
tiedjwhich che whale carricth away. Biicacrhcma'oupe
fijcrhathach giucnihe blow there is aman rcdywitha
hatthec in hand to cuttlic faid cord, ieall perchance fomc
accident (liould happen that it were mingled, orthatchc
Whalcsforce fliould be too violent : which notwithftan-
ding hauing found the boi;^nie , and being able to o;oc no
further^ ihemountcth vpagainc leafurcly aboue the wa-
ter:

Oppidft of fill

ingthe!.
booko.

lion.

ThcriUft
vvbrrc the
Whale >s

?(£ua FranctM. 2 6^

ter ! and then againc flic is fee vpon with glaue-ftaucs, or
pcrtuifancs,vcry fharp,fo hotly that the falc- water picrcc-
ing within hcrflcQiilic loofcth her force, andrcmaincth
there. Then one ticchhcrtoacableatwhofc end is an an-
ker which is cafl into the Tea, then ac the end offix or eight
daics they goe to terch her, when time and opportunity
permits it they cut her inpceces, and in great kettles doe
leech the fat which meltethic felfc intooilc, wherewith
they may fill 40a. Hogf-heads,foinetimcs more., and fcm-
timeslelfe, according to the greatncflcorthcbcaft,aiidof
the tongue commonly they draw fiuc, yea fix hogf- heads
full of trainc.

Ifthjs be admirable in vSjthathaueindufirv, it is more How ibe In-
admirable in the Indian people, naked and vvithoutarti- "'^"* ^^
(iciallinflruments : and neucrtheleflc they execute the \^\^^\f.^
fame thing, which is recited by lofe^h Acofia^ faying that loftfh MoJIaJ,
for to take thofe great mongers they put thcmfeluesina 5>c.i5.
Canow or Darke, made of the barkcs of trees , and hording
the Whale they leape nimbly on her necke, and there doc
fland, as it were on horfc-backc, attending the fit meanes
to take her , and feeing their opportunity, thcboldeft of
them putteth a ftrongand fliarpeftafe, which he carricth
with him, into the gap of the Whales noftrils (Icallno-
ftrill the condfit,orholethorow which they breath)foorth
withhcthruftitinfar with another very flrongftafc, and
makcth it to enter in as dcepe as he can. In the meane
while the Whale beatcth the feafuriouflv, and raifcth vp
mountaines of water , diuing downe with great violence,
then mounteth vp again not knowing what to do through
very rage. The Indian notwithilanding rcmainctli rtill
fitting fall, and for to pay her home for this trouble , fix-
cth yet another hkeQalkci.i thcothernoftrill , making it
to-cnccr in , in fuch wife that it ftoppeth her winde quire,
and taketh away her breath, and he comincth againc into
his Ganow,which he holdeth tied at the fide of the Whak
r ' a cord, then rerireth himfelfe on land hauing firfl tied >

LI 3 his

ly^

M9rJ<s.

WtdeBm;

or filler
Horjfe.

*'4

^il

!i\(aud Francid.

Iiis cord CO rlic Whale, which he vcrcth out on her ; which
whilefl: llic findcch much watcr,skippcth hccre and there,
asroijchcd with giief'e, and in the end draw^ch to land,
where iboichwith/orthe huge enormity other body, fi^c
rnuaincth on the ihore, not being ablctomoouc orftur
hciieirc any more. And then a great number of Indians
doe come to iinde our the Conquerer for toreape the fruit
Oi his conqueft, and for chat purpofe they make an end of
kjllmg of her, cutting her and making morfels of her flefh
(which is bad enough) which they drie and Ihmpc to
make powder of it , which they vfe for meat, that ferueth
them a longtime.

As for the Hippopotames, or Morfes , we hauc faid in
the voiasies o^ lames ^artier that there be ^reat number
ofthemintheGulfeofC^;;^^4, ^ndfpecially in the He of
Briofiy and in the feuen lies, which is the riucr of Chifche'
dec. It is a creature which is more like to a Cow then to a
horfe.But we haue named it Hippopotamus that ii to fay the
horfe of the riuer , becaufe P/iftj doth fo call them that be
intheriuer Ni/fif, which notwithftandtng do not altoge-
ther refemble the horfe,but doth participate alfo of an oxe
or a cow. He is of haire like to the fealc,that is to fay ,daple
eraie, and fomewhat towards theredde , the skinne very
hard, a fmallheadUketo a Barbarie Cowe, hauing two
ranks ofteeth on echfidebetweene which there is two of
them of cch part hanging from the vpper iaw downward,
of the forme of a young Elephants tooch , wherewith this
creature helpeth her felfe to climbe on the rocks. Becaufe
of thofe teeth 90ur Mariners doe callitZr^ hBeaLagranJ^
dent , the bead with the great teeth. Hiseares befhorc
and his taile alfo , he loweth as an Oxe , and hath wings
or finnes at his feete, and the female calleth ber young
ones on the land. And becaufe that he is a fifh ofthe
whales kind and very fatte, our Bafques and other Mari-
s^ers doe make oile tfiereof , as they doe with the whale
and they doe furprife him on the land.

Thofc

271

NouA FrancU.
Thofc of A^/7 (faith Pliny) are clouen footed, tlie niainc,
the back, andthcncigWofahorfe, the teeth jfruino-' ^''''•'^•^'^••^
foorthas toawildBoare. Andheadd«h,that whtnthit
creature hath bccne in the conic for to fccd,he goeth away
backwards, vpon his returnc forfeare heclhouldbe fol-
lowed by his traces.

I doe not purpofeto difcourfchccrcofall the forts of
fiihes that arcinthofe parrs, the fame being too fpacioiis
a fubieft for my hiftorie, bccaufe alfo that 1 haue fpccified
a good number ofthcm in my farewell to New France. I
Will fay onely that by maner of paftimc on the coafts of
New France,! will take in one day fiQi enough for to fcrue
as foode for a longer time then nx weeks , in the places
where the abundance of Coddc is : for that kinde of fifh
is there mod frequent. And heethat haththeinduftry to
take Mackrels at fea, may there take fo many that he fliall Infii^ itc mul-
notknow what to doe with them, tor in many places I '""Jcof^^
haucfeene infinite numbers of them clofe together, which ^
did occupie more fpace there three times then the marker
hals of Paris doc containe. And notwithftanding I fee a The idlcnei
number ofpeople in our countrie of France, forechlcfTe, ofpcorlc ia
and fo idle in thcfe dales .that they had rather die for hun- dicfc daicj.
ger, orliueinllaucne,at the lead to languifhvpon their
miferable dunghill , then to endeauour to get out of the
mire, and to change their fortune by fomc generous Jfti-
on, or to die in it.

Chap. XXIIII.

Of the qualttie of the Sotie,

WE haueraade prouifionin the three Jaft chap-
ters of venifon, of foulc, and of filTi > which is
much. But in our old ancient France, bread
and wine being our vfuall fuftenancc , it would bee hard
vnto vs to make hcere our aboadc , vnlefTe the land were
fit for the fame. Let vs then enter into confidcration of it,

and

17*

and let vs put our hands into our boromej to fee if the
' ■ duggcs of this mother will yceld any milke to nourifli her

children, and as for the rclt, wee will take what may bee
v'h. 1. 18 e.% hoped for of her. Attilim Regultu, cwife Confull in Rome,
Whichis the did commonly fay, that one muftnot choofc places oucr
good land, rankc, bccaufe they arc vnhealthfull •, neither places oucr
barren , although one may liue healthily in them. And
withfuch a raodetatcfoiledid Cato content himrdfcThe
ground ofNew France is fuch, for the moft part of fatte
land, vndcr which we haue often found clay ground : and
of that earth did Monjieurde FoHtrinccurt caufc a quanti-
tieof hricksiobemaoe, wherewith hcbuildcd a furnace
to mclcthe gum of the firre tree, and chimncies. I will fay
farther, that one may makcwiihthis earth fuch opcrati-
Tli arth of °"^>*5 ^'^^ ^^^ t^n\\ which wecall terra Jigillat a,oi Bohis
New France -^^«^wr«y,asinmany occafionsour Apothecaric mafter
hauing: the Lewes Hchert mod fufficient in his Arte , hath made triall
of itjby the aduice oiMonpenrde PoHtrinconrt : yea euen
when that Mvnjistirdti /^^»r his fonnc had three fingers
cut ofFwith a musket- (hot, which 6i^ burft being ouer-
charged, iu thecountrieofthe /4r«i*//f/7/^«oi^. *

Tnis prouince hauing rhe two natures of Earth that
God hath giuen vnto man for to pofl'cflc, who may doubt
but that itisa land of promife , when icdialbe manured?
Wee haue made trial! of it > and hauetakenpleafure there-
in , wliich neucr did all them that haue gone before vs,
whetherit be in Brafill, whether it be in Florida^ or in Ca-
"'f^r ^d^^'on ^ ^^^ ^^^^^ blefTcdourlaboursand hath giuen vnto
•urUbour.^ V* fairc whcate, Ric,Barly ,Oatcs,pcafon,Bean€S,Hempe,
Turneps, and garden hearbs : and this fo plentifully that
theRie was as high as the tailed man that may be feenc,
and we did fcare that this height fliould hindcritfrom
bringing foorth feed : But it hath fo well fruftificd that
^j one frcnch-grainc fowed here hath yeeldcd one hundred
lorric from and fifty Earcs of cornc , fuch as by the teftimony of my
one giiinc. Lord Chanceliour, the Hand ofCiciUa nor the countrie

fame eflccls
as teri'a HgiU
lata.

oi'Bed^eioc yccld noncfaircr. I did fowwhcatf, with-
out fuming my land to reft , and without dunging it at all:
and neuerthelcfle it grew vp in as faircpcrfeftionasthc
faircft whcatc in France, although the corne and all chat
wee did fow was to long kept. But the new corne which
f^iC^dA^L^onJieftrdePeutrincourtdx^ fow before his de-
parture from thence grew vp fo beautiful! that it was won-
derful! , according to the report of them that hauebeene
there a yeere after our departure. Whereupon I will fay
that which was of mine ownedoing , that in the month
of Aprill in the yeere 1 607 hauing fowed too thickc & too
neereone to the othecjfome few grains of the Rie that was
gathered at Saint Croix(thc firft dwelling oiMonfieur de
OPfontf, fometwcnty fiucleagues from Port Royall)thefe
graines did multiplie foaboundantly that they choaked
one another , and came to no good perfe£lion.

But as for the ground mended , dunged with our hogs
dung, or with the fwcepings of the kitchinne , flitls of
fifli, or fuch Hke things, 1 would not beleeuc . vnlefle I had
feeneity the excefliue.loftinede of the plants thatithach
produced euefy one in hiskinde.Yea the Sonne of -^i?»-
Jieur de Potttrincourt, a yong Gentleman of great forward-
nefle, hauing fowed graines ofOringes and of Citrons in
his garden, they fprung plants of a foote high at three
months end. We did not expeftfomuch, andnotwith-
ftanding wc tooke pleaiurc therein, emulating one ano-
ther. I referre to any mans Judgement if the fecond triall
will be done with a good courage. And heerclmuftfay
by the way that the Secretary of the faid Monfieur de
Monts, being come into thofe parts before our departure,
did fay that he would not for any thing in the world , but
cohaue made the voyage, and that vnlefle he had feenc
our corne, he would not haue belccuedit. Beliold liow
continually the country of ^«^W4 liath bcencdifcrcditcd
(vndcr whofe name all that land is comprized) not know-
ing what itis, vpon thereport offoroc Mariners, who

Mm onely

1 60 J,

SXroixisi^,
leagues from
Port Roy tli.

Tlicfcrtiitjr
of the ground
mended.

Orengcs,

Citrons,

The abiifc of

them that
h'lucdifcifiij-
tcd rhe coun-
try oi Canada,

^■\

?.*•

^74

onely doe goetofiihfor Coddcs, and yponthe rumor
of Coine (ickncflcs, which may bee avoided in maintai-
nins: of mirth. Sothac men be well furniflied ofneccfla.
ries. * •• ' - . • r ' •' , • .-•:'.

But to continue our purpofc of the mending of the
ground, whereof wee fpake euennow, one ccrtaine an-
cient Authour faith that the Ccnfors ofRomcdidlctto
farmc thcdunghils and other vnclcancncfle, which were
drawcn out of finckcs for looo tallcntsayecre(whichis
woorth ^oocoo French-crowncs)to the Gardeners of
Rome, bccaufe that it was thcexccllcntcft dung of all:
And there was to that end Commiflioners ordained for
to cleanfc them : Likewife the bottome and Channell of
the Riucr Tybre , as certaine ancient infcriptions , which
I haue fometimes read, doe record.

The land oi\ht ArmoMchicjHoi6 dothbeare yeerely fuch
cornc as that which wee call Sarmz^n wheate, Turkic
wheate , and Induin wheate , which is the Irio or Eryfimon
frugesoiTliny and Columella, But the Virgimans , Florid
Mans, and Brajilians, more foutherly , make two har-
r^XnThc "^^^ ayeere. All thefc people doe till their land with a
yearc/"*^ ^ wooddenpickc-axe,weedout the wecds and burne them.
The miner of fatten their Heldes with (hell-fiih , hauing neither tame
fatting, til- Cattell nor dung : then they heape their ground in fmall
Iing,and fow- Jicjpcs two foote diftant one from another, and the month
*"ound«. of Maie being come , they fectheir Corne in thofe heapes
of earth as wee doe plant beanes , fixing a ftick , and put-
ting foure graines of corne feuerally one after another (by
certaine fuper(lition)in the hole, and betweene the plants
of the faid corne (which groweth like a fmall tree , and is
ripe atthree months end)they alfo fet beanes fpotted with
all colcjrs , which are very delicate , which by reafon
they be not {o high , doe grow very well among thefe
plances of corne: Wee haue fowed of thefaid corne this
lad yeere in Paris in good ground , but with fmall profit,
hauing y ccldcd cuery plant but one care or two , and yet

very

^.10.

The^/rgiw

vcrytWnnc: Where in that country one graine will ycld
foure, fiue and fix cares, and cuery care one with another
aboue 200 graines^which is a maruellous incrcafe. Which
(hcweth theprouerbe reported by Theophraftni to be ve-
ry true, that it is the yecre that produced the fruit , and not
the field: That istofay, that the temperature of the aire,
and condition of the weather , is that which makech the
plants tobuddeand fru^^ifie more then the nature of the
earth. Wherein is to be wondred that our Cornegrow-
cthtjettcr there, thcntheircorncheere. Accrtainctcfti-
monie that God hath blefied that country , fince that
his name hath beene called vpon there : Alfo that in thefe
parts, fince fomeyeeres, Godbeatethvs (aslhauefaid
clfewhere) with rods of iron , and in that country he hath
fpred his blcdingaboundantly vpon our labour, and that
in one paratiele and eleuation of the Sunne.

This Corne growing high , as we haue faid, the ftalke
of it is as biggeas Canes, yea bigger. The ftallce & Corne
taken grecnc, haueafugartafte, which isthecaufe why
the Mowles and field Rattes doe fo couetit, for they
fpoiled me a plot of it in New France. The great bcafts,as
Scagges and other beads, as alfo birds doe Q)oile it. And
the Indians arc conftraincd to kecpe them as wee doe the
vines hcere.

The Harueft bein^done , this people laicth vp their
Corne in the grouna , in pits which they make in fome
difcentofahill , for the runningdowne of waters, fur-
nidiinc^thofe pits with mattes : and this they doe bccaufe
they haue no hoafes with lofccs, nor chcfts to lay it vp o-
therwife : then the corne conferued after this mancr,is out
of the way of Rats and Mifc.

Sundry nations of thofc parts haue had the fame inucn-
tion to kecpe corne in pits.For Sfiida^ maketh mention of
it vpo the word Seiroi.And Procopim in the fecond book
ofthebothickewarre, faith that the Gothes befieging
Rome fell within the pits, where the inhabitants were

Mm 2 woont

*7%

Thtcfhrafim
in the 8.
booke of
plants.

Our corne

profitethbet-
tcrin their
ground then
their corne in
ours.

fiarnes vnder
ground.

a7<

14. chap.

The cnifc

N$M Frdncid.

woont to by their Corne. Tacit hs rcportcth alfo that the
Germans had fuch pics. And vvichouc particularifing any-
farther, in many places of France that keepeac this day
their corne after that maner. We haue declared heerctp-
fore in what fafliion they (lampe their Corne , and make
bread with it, and how by the tcftiroonie oi Pliny, the an-
cient Italiaiis liad no better induflrie then they.

They oi Canada and Hocheiaga, in the time of /4W^/

whyihcf4»4. ^artier, did alfo till after the fame maner, and the land

diam hauc Jid afroordthcmCorne.Beanes,Peafon,Milions, Pom-

fheir tillage, pions, 6c Cuciimbcrs,but fincc that their furres hauc been

in requell , and that for the fame they haue had bread and

' other vi^ualSjwithout any other paines,they are become

fluggiih, as the Souricjuois alfo, who did addift themfelucs

CO tillage in the fame time.

But both the one and the other nation haue yet at this
time excellent Hempe, which the ground produccthof
it felfc. It is higher, finer, whiter, and (Ironger then ours
in thefe our parts. But that ofthc ArmoHchiquoishtzxtth
at the top ofthe (lalke thereof a cod,filled with a kinde of
cotten , like vnto Hike , in which lieth the feed. Of this
cotton , or whatfoeuer it be, good beddes may be made,
more excellent a thoufand times then of feathers, and fof-
ter than common cotten. We haue fowed ofthe faid feed,
or graine in diuers places of Paris,but it did not prooue.

Wehauefeenebyour Hiftorie, how along the great
riuer, hey ondTadoftJfac , Vines are found innumerable,
and grapes at thefcafon. 1 haue fcene none in Port Roy-
all, but the land and the hils are very proper for it. France
had none in ancient time , vnlede peraduenture along the
CO aft ofthe L^Plf edit err aneayi fea. And the GauHois hauinf^

Hemp.

Cotton.

Vines and
grapes.

jturel.

^'?"'^7k*'^*^ done fome notable feruice to the Emperour Probus , they
demanded of him for recompence, permiflTion to plane
Vines : which he granted vnto them : But they were firft:
denied by thcEmperor Nero. But why doe I aleadge the
Ganllois^ feeing that in Brafill; being a hot countric, there

when the
Vine vt^s
firll planted
ia France.

vvas

was none vntill that the Frenchmen and Portugefcs had
planted fome there : So there is no doubt but that the
Vine will grow plentifully in the faid Port Royall, feeing
likewife that at the riucr Saint lohn (which is twentic
leagues more Northward than the faid Port)thcrc be ma-
ny of them : yetforallrhatnotfofaireas in thecounrrie
ohhz ArmoptchiqHois, where it fcemeth that iV^rwr^ did
delight herfclfe in planting of them there.
• And for as much as we hauc handled this fubic£t,fpeak-
ingofthe voiage that MonfieurDePoHtrmcofirt made the-
ther, we will paflc further , to declare vnto you that the
moft part of the woods of this land be OakesandVVal-.
nut-trees , bearingfmall-nuts withfoweror fiuc fides, fo
fweec and delicate as any thing may be : And likewife
Plumb-trees which bring foortn very good Plumbes : As
alfo Sajfafras, atreehauing leaucslikeio Oakc-leaues,but
leffc iagged, whofe wood isof very good fcnt, and moft
excellent for the curing of many difeafes, as the pox, and
thcfickneffe o(Camaaj which I call Phthijte, whereof we
hauedifcourfed at large heeretofore.

They alfo plant great ftore oiTabacco, a thing moft
precious with them,and vniverfally amongft all thofe na-
tions. ItisaplanteofthebigneiTeofCoM/tf/i^^/^^ior, the
fmoake whereof they fucke vp with a pipe in that manner
that I will declare vnto you , for the contencmenr ofthem
that know not the vfe of it. After chat they haue gathe-
red this hearbe , they lay it to dry in the (hade, and haue
certaine (mall bagges of leather , hanging about their
neckcs or at their girdles, wherein they haue al waics fome
and a Tabacco-pipe with all, which is a little pan hollowed
at the one fide, and within whofe hole there is a lon^ quill
or pipe, out of which they fucke vp the fmoake, which is
within the faid pan, after they put fire to it with a cole
that they laie vpon it. They will fometimes fuffcr hunger
eight daies, hauing no other fuftenance then that fmoake.
And our Frcnchmeu who hauc frequented them arc fo be-
-_ Mm 3 vvicched

177

Oakef,

Nut- trees.
Plumb.trccs.

Sajfafrtu,

Vhthifie,

I. book, c J ^.

Tabaeco an4
the vfe of ic.

■^

Foolifli gree-
dincSe of
V fome men af.

witched with this drunkenneiTe of Tabacco, thatthey can
nomore be without it, then without meat ordrinke, and
vpoB that doe >they fpend good (lore of mony . For the
good Tabaccowmch commeth out of ^r4/i/ doth fome-
times cofl; a French-crownie a pound. Which I deeme foo-
lifhncfTe in them , becaufethat notwichdanding they doe
not fpare more in their eating and drinking then other
men^neither doe they take a bit of meat nor a cup of drinke
the lefTe by it. But it is the more excufable in the Sauages,
byreafontheyhaueno greater delicioufnefle in their T^f-
bagies, or bankets, and can make cheere to them that come
to vifit them with no greater thing , as in thefe our parts
one prefcnts his friend with fome excellent wine : In fuch
fort that if one refufcth to take the Tabacco-pipe , it is a
(igne that he is not a friend.. And they, which among them
haue fdmeobfcure knowledge of God, doe fay that he ta-
kcch Tabacco as well as they , and that it is the true nc£^ar>
del'cribed by the Poets.

This fmoake of Tabacco taken by the mouth, in fuck-
ing, as a child that fuckcth his dugge, they make it to ifTue
thorow the nofe, 6c paflTing chorow the conduits of brea-
thing, the braines are warmed by it^ andthehumidicicof
the fame dried vp. It doth alfo in fome fort make one gid-
die, and as it were druuke, itmaketh the belly foluble, mi-
tigatah the paffions of Venus , bringech to ilecpe, and the
leafe of Tabacco, or the aOies that remaine in the pan
healeth wounds. Yea I will fay more that this ne£^ar is vn-
" .to them fo fwcet , that the children doc fometimcs fup vp
the fmoake that cheir fathers cad out of their noftrils.tothe
end that nothing be lod. And becaufc chat the fame hach
B«fle Uftf, jj pjf J biting tafte , ^Unfieur de Belief or eft , reciting that
which lantes ^artier (yvho knew not what it was) faith
of it , will make the people belecue chat it is fome kind of
pepper. But whatfocuer fweetenefTe is found therein I
could neuer vfe my felfe to it , neither doe I care for the
yfe and cufiometo take it in iinoake.

There

The Sauagcs
doe thinke
that God
hath taken
Tabacco.

The vertues
and proper-
tics of Taba-
co.

Noud TnncU.^

^79

there is yet in the land of the ^rmouchiquoisy certainc r^
kindcofRootcs asbiggcas a loafcofbrcad , moft excel- ^X^'" '^''*
lent for to be eaten, hauing a tafte like the ftalkes of Arti-
chocks, but much more plcafant, which being planted do
multiply in fuch fort, that it is woonderfull. 1 bclccue that
thcybcthofe which be called ^frodilles , according to
the defcription that T/w;maketh of them : Thcfe Roots
(faith he)arc made after the fafhionof fmal turneps&: there
isno plant that hath fo many roots as this hath : for fome- '' Thcfe feem
times one fhallfind fowerfcorc c^rtJ^^/Z/e-/ tied together, "to be
They are good rolled vnder the imbers^ or eaitenravv with « 5^ <^"n<l»

'7.

21. f.

nuts.

pepper, or oile and fait.

Confidering all this, it feemethvntomce that thefearc Confidcrati-
men very miferable,who being.: Me to liue a countrie life on of the mi-
in quiet and reft, and take the benefit of the ground, fericofmany.
which doth pay her creditor with fo profitable an vfurie,
doe pafFe their age in townes in following of futes in law,
in toiling heere and there, tofeekeoutthemeaneshowto
beguile and deccaue fome one or other , taking fuch pains
as aoe euen bring them to their graue , forto pay their
houfe rent, for to be clothed iniilke, for tohauefomc
precious moueables : briefly for te fet out and feed them-
felues with allvanitie, wherein contentment is neuerto
be found. Poorc fo«lcs / (faith flVyw^j which know not "«#/?•</« in
how one halfe of thefe things with quiet ismorewoorth «^^/^°?^^
then all heaped together with freatfullneffc : nor how «and daie!.
great benefit is in tne MaIohs and the DaffadilUs. The
Gods certainely haue hidden from men the manner of li-
ning happily. For otherwife one daies labour would be
fufficientfdrto nourilhamanawholeyecre, and the day
following he would fet his Plough vpon his dunghill, and
would reft his Oxen , his mules , and hinifelfc.

This is the. contentment which is prepared for them The tilling of
that (hall inhabitc New-France, though fooles doc defpife the ground
this kind of life, and the tilhng of the ground, the moft ^"l*^^^""^-
harmelcs of all bodUy cxcrcifes , and which I will tcarme ^*

the

<€

the moft noble as that which fuflainech the life ofalt men.
They difdaine ( I fay ) the tillage of the ground , and
notwirhHanding all the vexations wherewith one tormcn-
teth himrdfe , the futes in law chat onefoilowes, the wars
that are made > are but for to haue landes. Poore mother !
what haft thou done that thou art fo defpifcd ? The other
Elements are very often contrarie vnto vs , the fire confu-
mcth vs y the aire doth infe£l vs with plague, the water
fwalloweth vs vp , onely the earth is that which comming
into the world , and dying ^ receaueth vs kindly , it is (he
alone that nouriOieth rs, which warmeth vs , which lod-
eeth vs , which clothcth vs , which contrarieth vs in no-
thing y and (hee is fet ac naught , and thena that doe ma-
nure her are laughed at « they are placed next to the idle
and bloud-fuckers of thepeople. All this is done heere a-
mong vs : But in New-France the gouldenage mud be
broughtinagaine, the ancient Crownesofearesofcorne
mud be renewed: and to make thatto be the firft glory
?/j.i8.l»ooke which theancientkomans did call C//t7r/4^^(0rM, a glory
ch.}. pf wheate, to the end to inuiteeuery one to till well his.

field, feeing that the land prefentetn icfelfe liberally to
them that haue none.

Being aflured tohaue come and wine , there rcdeth but
to furnim the Country with tame catcell : for they will
breede there very well , as we haue faid in the chapter of
hunting.

Of iruite-trees, there be but few , betides nut-trees,
HeerctofoYc Plumb-trees » and fmall chery-trees , and fome hazell-
ch. »x. nut-trees. True it is that all that which is within the land

Orenee-trccs *^ ^^^ ^^^ difcoucred, for in the country ofthe Iroquois
FrLf.rrfet. there are Oreng-trccs, and they make oiles with the f ruitc
of trees. But no French -men nor other Chriftians haue
berne there yet. That want of fruit-trees is not to be found
• very ftrangc. For the moft part of our fruits are come out
of other places : And very often the fruitesbeare the name
of the country from whencethcy haue been brought. The

lande

■Finit' trees.

'.» ^.

K$UA Frsnm.

land of Germdme isf oodjand fruicfull : h\xtT4cittti faicb,
that in his cime there were no friiic-crees.

As for the trees of the foreds the mod common in Port
Hoyall be Oakes , Elmcs , aihes , Birch (very good for
loiners-worke) MapelS|Sicomores, Pine-trees, Firrc-
trees , White-chorncs , Hazcll-trees , Willowcs , Bay-
trees , and fome others beddes which 1 haue not yet mar-
ked. There is in certaine places (lore of Straw berries ,and
Rafpifes. Item in the wooddes fmall fruit, blew and redde.
Ihauefeene there fmall Peares very delicate : and in the
meddowes all the winter long,there be certaine fmal fruits
like to fmall apples coloured with redde, whereof wee
made Marmelade,for to eate after meat. There be (lore of
GooCeberries hke vnto ours , but they grow redde. Item
thofe other fmal roud goofebcrr ies which we do cal Gne-
dres. And Peafon in great quantitie along the Tea fhoares,
the leaues whereof wetookc in Spring time, and put a-
mong our old Peafon, and fo it did feeme vnto vs that we
did eate grcenc Peafon. Beyond the faidBaiefr/iwjoi/?,
that is to fay , in the riuer S.Iohn,and Saint Croix, there is
(lore of Cedar treeSibefides thofe trees that I haue named.
As for them of the great riuer of C^»<«^^, they haue beenc
fpecified in the fecond bookc, in the relation of the voya-
ges of captaine lames ^HAr{ur,di o{MonJieur Champlein.

Thofe of F/m^ be Pyne trees (which beare no kernels
in the fruits that they produce) Oakes, Wall-nut trees,
blackeCherrie trees, Lentiskes,Chcft- nut trees (which
benocnaturallasin France) Cedar trees, Cypres trees,
Palme trees. Holy trees, and Wilde vines , which climbc
vp to the trees , and bring foorth good grapes. There is
a kind of Medlers , the fruit whereof is better and bigger
then that of France : there are alfo Plumbe trees which
beare a very faire fruit, but not very good, Rafpifes : A
fmall graine which we call with vs i^lenes (blcwes) which
are very good to bee eaten. Item roots which they Call
HafleK., whereof in thcirneedc they make bread.

' Nn The

Bay rrccf
commonly
grow I n
watmc coim^
tricj.

..A

r»

Guiiui be 1

kindcof C«>
rinthts.

Trees of n»-
rtda.

Trtei of Sm.

281 NsMdFra^cid.

The prouincc of BrafiJl hath taken her name, as wee
rhinlce, of a ccrcaine tree which wc call 'Srefi/i, and the Sa-
uages of chccouncrie /iraifouton, it is high, and as biggcas
our Oakcs, and hath the Icafe like to the Box Icafc. "bur
French men and others doc goeinto that countrie for to
ladctlieirfliippcswithit. The fire of it is almoR without
fmoake. But hec that would thinke to whiten his linnen
with the allies of that wood,would fane decciue himfclfe.
For he flioiUd findc it died in redde.They haue alfo Palme
trees of fundry forts : And trees the wood whereof, of
feme, is yellow.and others violet. They haue alfo fome
that haue the fent of Rofes, and others (linking, whofc
fruits are dangerous to be eaten. Item a kinde of Gmajac
which they name ///*fl/^r<f/, which they vfe for to cure a
difeafe called among them Plans, sis dangerous as the Pox.
The tree which beareth the fruit that wee call the Indian
Nutjis called among them Sahattcaie. They haue alfo Cot-
ten trees, ofthe fruit whereof they make beds,which they
hang bctweene two forks or ports. This countrie is hap-
pie in many other forts of fruit trees, as Orengc trees. Ci-
tron trees , Leamon trees , and others , alwaies greene,.
whereby the loflc of that countrie where the Frenchmen
had begun to inhabite, is fo much the more greeuous vn-
tothem that louethc welfare of France. Forit is more
thaneuidcnt, that the dwelling is thercmorepleafant and
delightful! then the land of C-«;i<j^<i, for the temperature
oftheaire. True iris that the voiages thither are long, as
of fo wcr and fiue moneths,& that in performing of them
fomtimes wants muft be endured, as may be feene by the
voiages made thither in the time of Vtlle-gitgnon : But to
f talcing the New France where we were, when one beginneth hi$ yoi-

fcafon of the age in due feafon, the voiages are but of three Vveeks, or a

ycare. moneth, whichisbutafmalltime.

•^ If the fweetncflc and delicacies be not there, fiich is
they are in Perou, one muft not fay therefore that the
countrie is nothing woorth. It is much that one may Hue

there

The benefit

there inreft 5c ioy fiilly without taking care for fuperfluous
things. The couctuoufnciTc of men hath caufcdihatno
counrric is rliowght good , vnlcilc there be Mines of gold
in it. Andfotsas tlipybc, they doe not confidcr that the Tlicdcf'^ifng
country of France is now vnfurniflied of the fame : And of^^oMaiM
Germany alfo, whereof Tiicitm (aid, that he knew not ^''^»c^" ^l>nc$.
whether the gods ni their anger or in their faiioiir had de-
nied gold and filuer to that Prouincc. They doe not fee
that all the Indians haue not any vfc of filucr.and liue more
contentedly then we. If we call them fboles they may fay
as much of vs,and peraducnture with better rca(on. They
know not that God promifing to his peoplea happy land
he faith that iifliall bcalandof Corne, ofBarly,of Vines,
ofFig-trceSjofOliuc-trecs, and ofHony, where they (hall Dent 8 v.f?^.
cat their bread without fcarcity, &c. And for all mcttels
he giucth them but Iron and Copper , ieart that gold and
iiluer make them to lift vp their hearc, and forget their
God : And he will not that when they ihal haue kings they Dcut. 1 7 v. 17 .
ihould hoord vp much gold or filuer. They doc not con-
fidcr that Mines be the Church-yards of men : That the
Spaniard hath confumed therein abeue ten millions of
poore Indian Sauagcs, inftead of indruftingthem in ^
Chriftian faith : That there be Mines in Italy, but that the vUn, 1 3 3.^.4.
ancients would notgiuc leaue to worke in them for the
prcferuation of the people : Thatin the Mines isathicke
aire, ^roffe and infernall, where one neuer knoweth when
it is day ,or night : That to doe fuch things is to feekcto
difpoflcffe the diucllofhiskingdomc. That it is a thing
vnworthy to a man to bury himfclfc in the entrailes of the
earth, to fcekc out for hell , and miferably to abafe hinifelfc
vnder all vnclcanc creatures : He to whom God hath gi-
uen an vpright forme, and his face looking vp ward, for to
behold the Hcauen, andtofing praifes vnto him : That
in Couiitries where Mines be,theland is barren : That we
doe not eat neither gold nor filuer , and that the fame of it
fclfe doth not kcepevswarmc in Winter: Thathc which

Nn 2 hath

Mines in
New Fiance.

Fruitesto be
hoped for in
Nc>\ France.

The like may
be to Eng.
land from
Virginia.

Good confi
derations.

NeuA Framid.

hath Corne in his Bame , Wine in his feller, Catcell in his
Medowjs^ and afterwards Coddc-filh and Beuers, is more
afTured to haue gold and (iluer, then he which hath Mines
to finde viftuals. And neiicrthclefTe there be Mines in
New France, as we haue mentioned elfcwhcre. But that is
not the firft thing that orfe muft feckefor , men doe not
line with opiRion onely. And ihis conGdcthbut in opi-
nion, nor the precious ftoncs neithei;(which are foolcs ba*
bics ) wherin one is moft often deceiued , fo wcUart can
counterfeitnature : witncffe him that did £ell, feme fiue or
fixyecres fince , vcffels for fine Emerald , and had made
himfelfe rich by the folly ot others, if he could haue plaied
his part aright.

Now without making (hew of any Mines, profit may

be made in New France of diuers furres that be there,

which I finde are not to be difpifed , feeing that we lee fo

much enuy againft a priuiledgc that the King did grant to

Monfieftr de Monts for to helpe to cftablifh and Settle there

fome French Colony. But there may be drawen a general!

commodity to France , that in the fcarfity of vi6luals, one

Prouince mayfuccour the other : which might be done

now if the Country were well inhabited : feeing that fincc

wehaucbeene therethefeafons hauealwaies bcenegood

in it, and in thefe our parts rough to thepoore, which doe

die for hungcr,and liueth but in wantand penury : in (lead

that there many might liue at their eafe, who it were better

to preferuc then to fuffer to pcrilh. Befidcs fifhing being

made in New France , the New-found-land-fliips (hall

haue nothing to doe but to lade, arriuin^ thither, in (lead

that they are forced to tarry three moneths there : and (hal

be able to make three voiage for one.

Of exquifit woods Iknownone ihere, botthc Cedar
and the Sajfafras: but good profit may be drawen from the
Firre and Prufe-trecs,Decaufe they will yceld aboundancc
ofgumme, and they die very often thorowouer much li-
quor. This gummc is very fairc likcthc THrfentine of Ve-
nice,

7i0UA FramU. ^gj

nice, and Ycry foucraigncfor medicines. I haue giucn fome
ro fome Churches of Paris for Frankcnfcnce , which hath
becne found very good. One may morcoucr furnifli the
CitieofParisand otherplaces of France with Sopc-aQies, Sopcaflics.
which at this prcfent beall bare and without woods. They
who finde themfclues afflifted may haue there a picafant
place to retire themfelues into, rather then to yccld them-
fclues fubieft to the Spaniard, asmanydoc. Somanyfa-
milies as be in France ouerchargcd with Children , may
diuide thcmfelues , and take there their portion with thofe
fmall goods and moueables as they haue. Then time will
difcouer fome thing anew : and one muft helpe all the
world, if it be poflible. But the chiefeft good one muft
aimc ac, is the eftabliChment of Chriftian religion, in a
Country where God is notknowen , and the conuerfion
ofthefe poor c people, whofe damnation crieth vengancc
againft them that may , and ought to employ themfclues
thereto,and to contribute, at leaft with their names, to that
cfFeft, feeing that they gather vp the fat of the earth, and
are conftitutcd Stewards of the things of this world.

Chap. XXy.
OfthtirlVarre,

OF poffcfling of land commeth warrc : And when
one hath eftablifhed himfelfe in New-France, fome
greedy fellow peraduenture will come to take away
the labour of honeft painefull men. This is that which
many doefay. Buttheftate ofFranceis(Godbepraifed)
t^o well fetled , for to be affraid of fuch trickes. We arc
not now in the time of leagues andpartiakies. There is
none that will beginne with our king , nor make aducntu-
uirous entcrprizesforafmall purchafe. And though any-
one would doe it, Ibeleeue that the remedies haue beenc
thought vpon alreadie. And morcoucr this aaion is
for rcliffion , and not to take away anothers goods. This

being fo i Faith maketh one to inarch bouldiy with afTu-
lance > and to paiTe through all difHculcics. For be-
holde what the Alrnightie laith by his Prophet ^/^^ to
them w hom he takcth in his tuition , and to the French-

And by con- men of New- France : Harkenvntemeyou that follow 1h^
(equentto ftice , ^.ndthatfeeke after the Lord, BtholdtherockeoHt of
which J OH were cut, and to the deepe of the Ctfl erne from
whence y OH hane been drawen \ That is to fay, condderthac
you are French-men. Look^ to Abraham your father and
to Sarawho hath brought you foorth , hove Ihaue called him
he beingall alone yandhauebleffed and mult ip lied him» There"
fore ajfuredly the Lord will comfort Sion <^ c.

Our Sauages doe not ground their wars vponthepof-

mcnofVir
ginia.

To what end _ _ i - i

the Sauages feilion oF the land. Wee doe not fee that they encroatch
doe make
vrarre.

one vpon another for thatrefpc^. They haue landc c-
nough for to hue and for to walke* Their ambition is li-

mited within their boundes. They make war as Alexan^
der the great did make it | that they may fay 1 haue beaten
you: orelfe forreuenge in remembrance offomeiniuric
receaued, which is the greatefl; vice that I find in them,
becaufe they neuer forget iniuries : Wherein they are fo
much the more excufablci becaufetliey doe nothing hue
that which our felues doe alfo. They follow nature : And
if wee rcfrainc ^ny thing of that inftind, it is the com-
mandement of God which maketh vs to doc it j whereun-
to many doe (loppe their cies .

Therefore when they will make warrcs , the Sd^amos
who hath moft credit among thcm,maketh them to know
thecaufewhy , the rendcz-vous , and timeoftheaflcm-
bly. Being arriued he maketh long orations vnto them
vpon the occafion which is offered and for to encourage
them. At cuery propolition hedcmandcth rhciraduik,
and if they giue cogfent they all make an exclamation,fay-
ing Hl;i«: if not, feme 4y«i^4«^j will beginne to fpeake,and
Surprises of f^X what he thinkcthgoodof it: being both the one and
auagcs. the other well heard. Their warres are made butby fur^

prygcs,

The Sauages
Orations.

sht

prizes , in the darkc ofthc night , or by Moonc-fliine, by
ambuflimcnts or fiibtiltie. Which is gcncrallthrouorhout
all thofc Indies. For wc hauc feene in the firftbookci

387

what fafhion the Floridtans doe make warre : And the Bra-
filians doe no otherwifc, And the furprizes being done
they come to handie blowes , and doe fighc very often by
day.

But before they goe from home, ours (I mcane the Thcmanrr
.ytf«W^««?^)hauethiscu{tomctomakeaforr, within which to forerdUi
alltheyonguemenofthearmiedoeputthemfelues: where prcfage ihc
being, the women come tocompallcthem about and to '"<^"*<>*tbf
keepe them as beficgcd. Seeing thcmfelucs fo enuironned "^^^^^^
they make failies .for to (Kunneand dcliuer themfelues out
of prifon.The women that keepe watch doe repulfc them,,
doearrefl: them, doe their beft endeauour to take them.
And if they betaken theylayloadesat them, doebeatc
them, ftrippe them , and by fucha fucceflcthey take a
good prefage of the warrcthey goe to make. If they e-
fcape it is an euill (igne.

They haue alfo another cuftomc concerning fomc one
particular man, who bringing an enemies head, they
make great feafts , dances and fongs for many dares :
andwhileft thefe things be in doing they (Irippe the Con-
queror, Scgiuehimbutfomebadraggetocouerhimfelfe
withall. But at the end of eight daies or there about, af-
ter the feaft, cuery onedocb prefenthimfclfewithfomc
thing , to honour him for his valour.

The Captainesamongft them take their degree by fuc- Succ cflfion of
ceffion , as the regalitie in thefe our parts (which is to be ^P**'"'*
vndcrftood if the Sonne oidiSagamos imitaceth the ver-
tucs of his father) for otherwife they doe as in the old time
when that firft the people did chufe kings; whereof /(?.^»
deMeung Author of the Roman deURofe, fpeaking hec
faith: that. They chufedthetaUefl , that had the higgefi bo-
dy , and yiggefl hones amongft them , and made him their
prince mi Lord. But this Sagamos\A^ not an abfolutc

auchoricie

■I'

i88 N^Hdrnmld.

au thoricie among them , but fuch as Tdcitus reporceth of
the ancient Germainc Kings : the power of their Kings,
fairhhc, is not free, nor infinite, but they conduA the
*< people rather by example , then by commandement. In
<* Virginia and in Florida they are more honoured then a-
Tlie naturall mong the Sourtquois, But in Braiill he that hath taken
Virginians ^j^j j^jiigj ^^^^ prifoners they will take him for Cap-
tain e, and yet his children may not inherite that dignitie.
Their armcs are the firft which were in vfc after the cre-
ation of the world^Clubbes, bowes , arrowes : for as for
(Irngs and CrofTe-bowes they haue none , nor any wea-
pons of iron or (leele, much lefTethofe that humane wic
hath inuented fince two hundred yeeres, to counterfaite

doe honour
their kings.
The Sauag<c$
armcs.'

Hccrctoftre

the

chap

the thunder : nor Rammes or other ancient engins of bat-
terie.

. They arc ver)' skilfullin (hooting an arrow,and let that
\ i< °° ' bcfor an example which is recited heeretoforc of one that
was killed by the ^ri»<>//r/?/^»w>, hauing a little doggc
pierced together with him with an arrow , ihot a farre
off. Yet I would not giue them thepraifesduetomany
nations of this hther world, which haue beene famous
for chat exercife,as the Scythians, Getes, S annates, Goths ^
Scots, ParthiofiSySLnd all the people of the Eaft, of whom a
great number were fo skilfull , that they had hit a haire:
which the holy Scripture witncfleth of many of Gods
people, namely of the Benutmites, who going to warrc
againfl Ifrael: Of all this people (faith the Scripture) there
was fenett huudredchofen wen, heing left-handed: all thefe
could fUng aft one at an hair es breadt h, and not faile,\f\. Creete
there was an Alcon fo skilfull an archer , that a dragon
carrying away his Sonne, he purfued after him and kil-
led him without hurting his child. One may read of the
Emperour Domitian that he could direft his arrow farre
of between his tw o fingers, being fpred abroad. The wri-
tings ofthc ancient make mention of many whofhottc
Jbirdstfaroughj flying in the aire, and of other wonders

which

Iudgesch.10.

YerLi5«
Ccccllcnt

Archers.

'V«i^

N^UA Framiii jj^

which oitr Sauagcs would admire at. Butnotwithftand-
ingthev arc gallant men and good warricrs , who will goc
through cuery place bein* backt by fomc number of
French-men : and, which is the fecond thing next vnto
courage^ they canendure hardencffcin ihewarrc, lie in
the fnow , and on thcife , fufFcr hunger, andby intcr-
miflTion feede themfclues with fmoakc , as we haue faid
in the former chapter. For warreisca]ledc>^i!//>/^, not From whence
out of the word LMofftna, as F/pia» the lawyer, and others commcili this
would haue it, by in a»tiphrafiic4/l m.inner of fpeaking: ^"^^^^ malice.
But of^^Z/rw which is as much to fay as D^nVw, iC^-^^: ^jJI^^I'^^t^^'
oxoiAffliEiio , which theGreekcs doe call Kakofts, And yi"'D!dt!
fo it is taken in Saint Mathew where it is faid that the day tiftum,mi[
hath enough ofhts own grief e Kakiaih^^t is to fay his afflict" Mac. 6. v. 3 4,
on, hispaine, his labour, his hardenejfej as Saint Hierome
dothfixpound it very well. And the word in S. PaulKa- U'trtm, epifi,
kopatheJonHos k^losflratiotis lefin Chriflon, had not beenc ''^ ^j^''"^"'
ill tranflated Di!^r/r, that is, Suffer affliSiionas agoodfonl^ "*" *
dieroflefusChrifl, indeed of Z^^or^, hardenthffelfemth
patience, as it is in Virgin^

Curate, &rehusvofmetferHatefecundis^

And in another place he calleth the Scipios Duros helU,
Co fignifiebraue ana excellent Captaines : which hardnes
and malice of warre Tertullian doih. expound Imhonitas in
the bookethat he hath written to the Martirs> for to ex-
hort them to fuffer afflidions manfully for the name of
lefus Chrifi : Afouldier (faith he) cannot come tothevpan
mthpleafures, andhegoeth not to the fight comming foorth
from his chamber, ^ut out of tents andpauillionsftretched out,
MHd tiedtoftalkes andforkes , Vbi omni£ ditritia & imbonitoi
& infuauitas, where ttopleafure is.

Now although the war which is made comming foorth
out of tents ancfpauilions is hard, yet notwithftaucling the >
life of our Sauagcs is yet harder , and may be called a true
milicia , that is to fay, ma/ice , which I take for hardneffe.
And after this naancr doc they trauell ouer great countries

I V+«Jj.-^

through

1^0

Hcrcfo'^orc
chn.17.

througli the woods for tofurprifc their enemy andtoaf-

<; fr^ofthc faiic^»^"^o"^^cfud^^"' This is that which kccpcth them
Sau Igcs fcnc in pcrpetuall fearc. For at the Icaft noife in the world, as
of ail Silfin which paiTeth among branches and lcaiies,thcy
take an alarmc. They that haue tovvnes after the maner
that I haue defcribed hccrctofore , arc fonicw bar more af-
fured. For hailing well barred the comming in they may
siskcqiiiVjU who goeth there ? and prepare themfeiucs
to the combat, by fucli furpiifes the Iroe^mU being in

number eight thoufand men, haue heererofore extermina-
ted the Algn ncqmns^x}cx\w o{Hochelaga,2A\^ others borde-
ring vpon the great riuer. Neuerthekfl'ewhen ourSaua-
gcs vnder the conduct of U^tembertoH went to the vvarrc
againit ihc dyfrmoftchiijuoisy they imbarked themfclues in
flialoupcs andCanowcs : But indeed they did not enter
within the Country, but killed them on their frontieres in
the Port of Choiuikoct. Andfor afmuchas this war, the
caufe thereof, the counfell, the execution , and the end of
it hath becne defcribed by me in French verfes , which I
haue annexed vnro my poem intituled the Mufesof New
France I refer the reader to haue recourfe toTt, becaufel
will not writ one thing twife. I will onely fay that beino*
atthe riuer Saint lohn, thzSagamos Chkotidun 3iC\\n{\\2in
and Frenchman,in will andcouragc,madc a yong man of
Retcl, called Lefevre, and my felfe to fee how they goe to
thewarres : And after their feaft they came foorthfomc
foure-fcore out of hisTownc, hauinglaied downe their
mantles offurre, that is to fay ftarke naked, bearing euery
oneafhicld which couered all their brHyouer, after the
fafliion of the ancient Gaulois,vvho paiicd into Greece vn-
derthe Capmnc 'Br emjtiSy ofwhomthey that could not
wade the riuers, did lay themfelues on their Bucklers,
which fcrued them for Boates, as Tafifamas faith. Befides
thefejQiieldes they had euery one his wodden mace, their
quiuers on their backes, and their bow in hand : march-
ing as it were in dancing wife, I doe not thinke for all

that.

Ti'.c:r mancr
ofinarchin;!
to the vv .lis. *
AmartiaiU

that, that when they come ncere to the enemy for to fio ht,
that they be fo orderly as the ancient UcedemonMns, who
from the age of fine ycarcswerc accuftomed to a certainc
niantrr of dancing, which they vfed going to fight , that is
to fay with amilde and graue meafure, to the foundof
flutes, to the end to come to blowes with a cook and fetled
fcnfe, and not to trouble their mindes : tobeablcalfoto
difcerne them that were couragious from them tliat were
fcar^full, as T^lmnrch faich. But rather they goe furioufly,
with great clamors and fearefull howlings , to the end co
aftonilli the enemy , and to giue to themfeiucs mutuall
afliirance. Which i% done amongft all the Weftcrly In-
dians-

Inthis muttering ourSauages went to makeaturnea-.'
boutahill, andas their returne was fomewhat flow, wc
cooke our way towards our barke, where our men were in
feare,leaft fome wrong had becrie done vnto vs.
• In the vidtory they kill all that may make refiftance, but
they pardon the women and children. The Brafiham con*
trariwifedotakcprifoncrs as many as they can,and rcferue
them for to be fatned, to kill and to cat them in the firft af-
fembly they fiiall make. "Which is a kinde of facrifice a-
mong thofc people that haue fome forme of religion, from
whom thofe men haue taken this inhumane cuftome. For
anciently they that were ouercomc , were facrificed to the
gods who were thought to be authours of the vi<ftory,
whereof it came that they were called ViHimes , bccaufc
that they wereouercome : Vi^'maaVt^iis: They were
alfo called HoHies , ab Ho fie , becaufe they were enemies.
They that did fet foorth the name ofSffppiicc did it almoft
vpon the fame occafion, czuiin^fupplicatiom tobcmadc
to the Gods of the goods of them whom they condemned
to death. Such hath beene the cuftome among many Na-
tions to facrifice the enemies to the falfegods , and it was
alfo praft ifed in Pereft in the time that the Spaniards came

thichcr firft.

Ooi V'C

Vlutar. iathe
treotyofthc
refraining of
cboier.^nA m
the ^I'oihih.

Kow tlic Sa-
u.igesdoc vfc
with the vi-
dovy.

■li

■?i'

2Pi

i.Samuei, If.
verf. jj.

NcHATrdnctM.

We read in the holy Scripture, that the Prophet 5*<r«wf-
r/cut 'mi^ztct%^gag\i\v\o^oi tht AmaUkitcSy before the
Lord in GilgaL Whu h might bee found ftrangc , feeing
thatthcre was nothin^fomilde as this holy Prophet was.
But one niufl codder neere that it was by a fpccjal motion
of the fpirit of God which ftirrcd Samuel to make him-
felfe executioner of the the Diuine luilice againd an cnc-
inic of the people of Ifrael, in deed oi Saul, who had
neg1e£^ed the commandcmentof God, which was en-
ioy ncd to fmite HaniaUk^ and to put all to the edge of the
fword , without fparing any kuing foule; which^jhee
did not : and therefore was hee forfakenof God. Samuel
then did that which Saul^oM haue done^ he cut in pee-
ces a man who was condemned of God, who had made
many widdowes in Ifrael, sind iuHly did receaue the hke
painicnt : to the end alfo to fulfill the prophecie of BaU"
Num.14. V.7. <iiw, who had foretold long before that the king of the Jf"
raelites (hou\d beraifed vp aboue zyfgag, and his king«
domeOiouId be exalted. Now this a^ion of Samuel is
not without example. For when they were to appeafe
Exod. 5 i.v.17. the wrath of God, LMoyfes {aid : Put euery man hUfrpcrd
1 . Kin g . 1 8. hj his fide : and flay euery man his brother, and euery man his
Ycrf. 40. companion, and euery man his neighbour* So Elijah made the

Prophets of Baal to be killed. So at Saint Peters words
jinanias tindSaphira fell downe dead at his feerc.

Now to rcturne to our purpofe, durSauagesasthey
haue no religion , fo make they no facrifices : and bcfides
aremore humane than the Brafilians , forafmuch as they
care no mans flerh,contcntingthemfciues todeftroy them,
that doe annoy them. But they haue fucha generofiticin
them , that they had rather die then to fall into the hands
of their enemies. And when UMonfeur de Poutrincourt
tookc reu^nge of the j4rmouLhi^uois ,v^\\\q\\ miwthered
fomeof ourmcn,- there were fome who fuffcred them-
fclues rather to bee hewed in peeccs , then that they
would bee carried awayprifoners: or ifbymaine force

the/

Aft. J. V. J.

fore the
, feeing
bee was.
motion
kehim-
: an cnc-
V ho had
^'as en-
^eofthc
lich^ hee
Samuel
tin pee-
id made
the Hke
ofBaia-
>fthc 7/-
ns king-
'amuel is
I appeafc
hisjwerd
y man his
made the
rs words

;s as they
d bcfides
I as they
oy them,
rrofiticin
le hands

iirthered
:d th em-
bat they
ine force
the/

tbeybccarriedaway, they will ftaruc or killthemfelucj;
Yeaalfo they will not fuflper the dead bodies of their peo-
plctoremaine in thepoflefllon of their enemies , and in
the perill of their ownehucs, they take them and carric
them away : which T4ri>w doth alfo teftific of the ancient
Cjermainsy and it hath becnc an vfuall thing with all gene-
rous nations.

The viftorie being gotten of one fide or other, the vi-
ftorious cutteth off the heads of the enemies flaine, how
great foeuer the number of thcmis, which arc diuided a-
mongthe captaines, but they leaue there the carkafe,con-
tenting themfelues With the skinnc , which they caufc to
bee dried, ordoetanneic, and doe make trophies with i&
in their cabins, taking therein all their contentment. And
fome folemne fead hapning among them ( I call feall
whcnfoeuer they make Tabagie ) they take them , and
dance with them,hauingthem hanging about their neckes
attheirarmes, or at theirgirdles, and with very rage they
fometimes bite at them : which is a great proofe of this
difordinate appetite of rcucnge,wheroi we haue fomtimes
fpokcn.

Our ancient Gaulleis did make no lefle trophies with D«W*f. €.
the heads of thei r enemies than our Sauagcs. For (if Dio. ^°°^^ *'^'j'«
dortis and Titt*s Limns may bee beleeued ) hauing cut „i",o"bookc*
them, (they bring thcro backe from the fieldc hanging
at the petrall of their horfes , and did tie or naile them
folemncly , with fonges and praifes of the vanquifhers
(according to their cuflomes ) 'at their gates, as one
would doc a wilde boares. As for the heads of the no- 5^^^^^^^ .
bles they did enbalmc them and kept j^hem careful- q^^^^^
ly within cafes , for to make (hewe of %cm to thofc
tliat come to fee them y and for nothing ni the world
they would rcftore them , neither to kinfemen nor any
ether. The Boia»s ( which bee tht BonrbonnoM ) did jdmUh.^,
more. For after they had taken out the braines, they did Pewrf.3.

giuc the skuls to Goldfmiths for to garnifh them with.

Oo 3 gold,

iili

IF'

2P4

gold, and CO make vclTels of them to drinke in,which they
vfed in facred things and holy foleninities. If any man
thinketh this ftrangc, he muft yet findc more ftrangc that
which is reported of the Htingaridns by Vipnere vpon 7/-
tw Liffiui, o(whomhc{3Lkh, thatincheyeere 1566. be-
ing nccre/<i«/«n«, they did Hcke the blond of the Turkes
heads which they brought to the Emperor /l/^mw/7/^iw:
which goeth beyond the barbaroufnefTe that might bee
obie£ledtoourSauages. ^

Yea I muft tell you that they haue more humanity then
many Chridians , who within thefe hundred yeercshaue
committed in diuers occurrences, vpon women an dchiU
dren cruelties more then brutifli, whereof the hiftories
be full : and our Sauages doe extend their mercie to thefc
two forces of creatures.

Chap. XXyl.

Of thelrpirjerals.

'He warre being ended, humanity doth inuiters to

••H

Eccles
x6.

bewaile for the dead , and to bury them. It is a
worke wholy of pietie, and more meritorious then
any other. For he that giueth fuccour to a man whilft hc'*^
is a life may hope forfomefcruice of him, or a recipro-
cal! kindnefTc : But from a dead creature wee can expe6):
nothing more 2 This is that which made that holy man
Tobie to be acceptable to God irAnd for that good office,
they that employed themfelues in the burying of our Sa-
uiourarepraifed in the Gofpell.As fortearcsand mour-
.jS.ve. nings behold what faith the wife Sonne ofSirach, Uiiy
' 7« Sonne ^ower forth teares oner the dead, and begin to moHrne
O/s ifthoH hadfi fuffered great harme thy f elf e -.and then cotter
his body according to his appointment y and negUB not his bu-
riall. LMake a grieuopts lamentation^ and be earned in mour'
ning , and vfe lamentation as he is vporthy, and that a day or

tivo, leaft then ^eeuii/Jpoken off, - - ...^

i*^ o " ^ this

5^/y4 FrancU.

This leflbn being come, whcthcritbcby f'^Uietradi i-
on, or by the inllina of nature, asfarreasto ourSauas^cs,
they haue yet at this day that coininon with the nations !
oftheic parts to wcepe for the dead, andtokeepethebo- i
dies ofthcinaftei their deceafe, as it was done in the time
of the holy Pacriarchcs Abraham, Ifaac, and Jacob, and
fmcc. But they make llrange clamours many daies toge-
ther, as wc faw in Port Royail, fomemonthes after our ar-
riuall into that country (to witinNouember)whcrethey
made the funerall ceremonies for one of theirs,named Pa^
»«?wV who had taken fome marchandifcs owto^ A hnjlenr
deMonts his (lore houfe.and went ro trucke with the «x/r-
moHchiquois, This Panoniac was killed , and the body
brought backe into ijic cabins ottheRiucr Saint Croix,
where our Sauages did both weepe for him and enbalmcd
him. Of what kinde this balme is , I could not know,
not being able to enquire of it vpon the places. 1 be-
leeuethey iagge the dead corpfes and make them to dry.
Ccrtaine it is that they preferue rhem from rottennefle: "^\
which thing they doe almoft throughout all thcfe Indies.
He that hath written the hiftory o^ Virginia faith that they Virginia.
draw out their encralles from the body, flea the dead, take
away theskinnc, cut all the flcfliofffrom the bones, drie
it at the Sunne, then lay it (enclofed in mattes) at the fectc
ofthedead. That done theygiue him his owncskinnea-
gaine, 6c couer therewith the bones tied together with lea-
ther, faQiioning it euenf^ as if the flefh had remained at \t*

It is a thing well knowen thattheancient z/£gyftians
didcnbalme the dead bodies, and kept them carefully.
Which (befides the prophanc Authours) is fcene in the
holy Scripture, where it is faid^that/<?/<?/>^didcommande
his Scruancs and Phifitions to cmbalme the body oUacob GencC jo.v.y
his father. Which he did according to the cuflomeofthe
country. Butthc7y9<;z^//r<fjdidthelikc,asitisfceneinthe ^iJaraU^. \6
holy Chronicles, where it is fpokcn of the death of the v. 14. &. n.
kin2S/i/^and/(?r^w. veri. i?.

° From

tf6

Efter.4*v.
Vrufohferu,

'■A

From the Riuer of Saint Croix the faiddeceafTed Pan^»
MMc was brought into Fore Royall, where againc he was
wept for. But bccaufc they are accuftomcd to make tlicir
lamentations for a long continuance of dales, as during a
tuonth fearing to offend vsby their cries (for as much as
their cabins were but fomenue hundred pafles off from
our forte) (JVtembertoH came to intreat Monfeur dt *ToH'*
trincoHrt not to diflike that they (liould mourne after their
wonted manner, and that they would be but eight dales in
performing of it. Which he eafiiy granted tnem : And
then afterwards they began the next day following, at the
breakeofday, their weepings and cryings» which we did
heare from our faid fort, taking fome intermlflion on the
tnidded of the day. And they mourne by IntermifTion euc*
ry cabin his day, and cuery perionjiis turne.

It is a thing woorthy marueUing chat nations fo fardi-
ftanc doe agree in thofe ceremonies with many of the he-
cher world. For in ancient times the Ptrfians ( as we read
in many places of Herodotus , and ^JOnrtm did make
fuch lamentation, did rent their garments, didcouer their
heads, didcloaththcmfelues with a mourning earmcnt,
which the holy Scripture doth call Sdck^ioth, znSlo/ephm
Schema tapeimn, Alfo they Qiaued themfelues, and their
horfes and mules , as the learned Drufim hath noted in
his obferuations,alleagingfor this purpofe both Hcrodote
and PlHtarch,

The i£gyptians did as much, and peraduenture more,
in that which concemeth lamentations. For after the death
of the holy Fatriarke Ai^(7^, All the ancients, men of cal-
hng,and the Counfdlers of thehoufe of Pharao, and of
the G>untrie of i£s;ypt went vp in great multitude euen as
far as tothecorne flooreof ^M^in Canaan,and did weepe
for him with great and grieuous complaints : In fuch fort
that the Cananites feeing it did fay : This mourning is
grieuous to the ty£gjftians ; and for the greatnefle and no-
uclty of the fame mourning they called the faid fioore
.1 AM

Aiel Mi/rasm, that is to fay the mournin j of the 9^^p*

tMHS,

The Romans had hired women to weepe for the dead,
and to relate their pr^ifcs by long mournetuU complaints:
andchofc women were called Pr</«, as it were Prrf/tf(J?<f,
becaufe that they did beginne the motion when it was
needcfuli to lament, and to relate the praifes of the
dead.

Mcrcedc qn.t conAuEiz pnt alien$ infunere prefiu mnlto
& CApiUos fcindnnt ,^ cUmAnt magU , faith LncUms by the
report o^Nomm : Sometimes the very trumpets were not
negle^ed at it, as t^/rgi/Zteftificth in thcfe words:
ItcoslocUmory clangorquetHbarHm.

I will not hcere make a collcftion of all the cuftomes of
other nations : for it would neuer be at an end : But in
France eucry oneknoweth that the women of Picardy do
lament their dead with great clamors. Monfieurdes Ac'
c9rdsimon^{{ other things by him collected reciteth of
one, who nviking her funeral! complaints, that Ihe faid to
her decealTed husband : Good God ' My poorehusband
thou hadgiuen vsa pittifull farewell ! O what farewell!
It is for cuer. O what longcongie / The women oiBearn
are yet more pleafant. For they recount during the time
ofa whole day the wholelifc of their husbands. Lamiam
moft, U mi amoH : Cava rident , aildefplendoH : Coma leugi
betdAnfadoH'.lomebalenbalemy lorn* efbur bat : mAtidepes:
fort tardcoHgat:SLnd fuch like things : That is to fay \ Mj
loHCy my lone : fmiling countenance : bright eie : nimble legge:
dnd good dancer: mine owne valiant, mine owne valiant : ear*
Ij vpt and late a bedde & c, lohn de Leri reciteth that which
foUoweth of the Gafcoin women : jere^jercy 6 le bet rene»
gadoH, le bet iougadou qu'here, that is to fay : o the braue
fwaggerer^ o what a fair e player he was ! And thereupon he
reporteth that the women of Brafill doe howleand bawlc
with fuch clamors, chat it feemeth that it be fome aflcmbly
of doggcs andwoolucs. He is dead (will fome women

tfS

The Toyoufu
nambaoulu are
enemies to
the Tortures,

The Brafili.
ans bcleeue
therciiiirc.
ftion.

lerein.4i.v.3.

Lcuir. 19.T.

27. 2S.

Dout,i4. r.

fay drawing their voices') he was fo vah'ant, and who hath
made vs to catof fo many prifoners: Others making a
Quire apart will fay : Oh what a good hunter and what
an excellent Eihcr he was! Oh what a braue knocker down
of Portuges and oiAfargaia^ he was ! of whom he hath fo
well aiienged vs. And at the paufe of euery complaint
they will fay : he is dead, he is dead for whom we do now
mournc! whereunto the men doe anfwer, faying: Alas
it is true! we Hiali fee him nomorevntill we fee him be-
hinde the mountaines where we (hall dance with him!
and other fuch things. But the mod part of thefe people
doe end their mourning in one day, or fome what more.
As for the Indians of -F/<?ri^4, when any of their P<ir4«
oftjiis dieth they weepe three daies and three nights con*
tinually and without eating : And all the Paraofiftis, that
be his allies and friendes, doe the like mourning,cutting
halfe their haires as well men as women in token ofloue.
And that done there be fome women ordained, who du-
ring che time of fix Moones doe lamente the death of their
Paraonfti three times a day, crying with a Idud voice, in
the morning, atnoone, and at night : which is thefaOiion
of the Roman Prafice/, of whom we haue, not longfincc,
ipoken.

* For that which is of the mourning apparell,our Sonri^
^i^^^doepainttheirfaces all with blacke j which maketh
them to feeme very hidious : But the Hebreives were more
reprouablc,who did fcotch their faces in the time of mour-
ning, and did fhaue their haires, as faith the Pr<7/7/7^r/^rr-
mie : which was vfuall among them of great antiquity :
Byreafon whereof the fame wa^ forbidden them by the
law of God in Leuitictu : Tou /halt not cut roftnd the corners
of your haires, neither marrethetuftsefyottr beards , andjou
Jhall not cut your flefh for the dead, nor make any print of a
marke vponyou, I am the Lord, And in Denteronomie : you
Are the children of the Lord your God ^ you fljallnot cut your
feints^ mr make any ialdnejfe bttweenejoHreUsfor the dead.

Which

299

Mad TraacU.

"Which was alfo forbidden by the Romans in the lawcs of
thecwelue tables.

HerodotHs and Diodorw doc fay, that tht t>£g^ptiaftf
(chiefly in their Kings funerals) did rent their garments,
and bclmeered their faces,yea all their heads : and aflcm-
bling thcmfelucstwifcaday, did march in round, fingin»^
the vcrtues of their King : did abftainc from fodden meats,
from lining creatures, from wine, and from all daintie fare
during the fpace ofyo.daiesjwirhout any wafiiing, nor ly-
ing on any bed, much lefTc to haue the company of their
wiues :alwaies lamenting.

The ancient mourning of our Q^eencs of France (for as
for our Kings they wearc no mourningapparcll) was in
white colour, and therefore after the death of their huf*
bands they kept the names of Roi»ffs bUnches ( white
Queenes.) But the common mourning of others is, at this
day in blacke, qnifub perfina rifm cfi. For all thefe mour-
nings are but deceits.and ofa hundred there is not one but
is glad of fuch a weed. This is the caufc that the ancient solm, <4f, 17,
ThrAcianss^tttmoxt wife, who did celebrate the birth of r4UrJi,i,(,u
man with teares, and their funerals with ioy, (hewing that
by death we are deliuered from all calamities, wherewith
we are borne , and are in reft. Heraclules fpeaking of the
Locrois , faith,that they make not any mourning for the
dead, but rather banckets and great reioycing. And the
wife Solon knowing the forefaid abufes doth abolifh all
thofe renting of cloathes, of thofc weeping fellowes, and
would not that fo many clamors (hould be made ouer the
dead, as T^lutarch faith in his life. ThcChriftians yet
more wife did in ancient timefing AllelmA at their burials,
and this verfc of the Pfalme, Reuertere Anima meain requi-
em tHom, quia DomiuM henefectt tihi,

^ndnorvmyfoHleJiththoHai'tfrfe,

retHrnevmo thy reft:
For largely he the Lordto thee,
. V hisboHntjhathexpreft. ^

V ^ Ppa Notwith-

•4,

Pfai, iitf.r.7

500 ^^^^ Frdficis.

^ Kotwlthdanding bccaulcchac wcaremen, fubie^eo
toy>tognefc, andco other motions and pcmirbationsof
loinde, which atthefird motion arc not jn oiir power, as
faith the Fhilofopher, weeping is not a thing to be bla-
med, whether it be in confidcring ourfiaile condition,
andfubied to Co many havmes , be it for the lode of that
which we did loue and held dccrely, Hcly perfonages
haue bene touched with thofepafTions, ardour Sauiour
himfelfc wept oucr the Sepulchre of La^nrw, brother to
the holy MagdaU'm^ But one muft not £u ffcr him fclfe to
be carried away with forrow , nor make cremations of
clamors , wherewith very often .the heart isneuerawhic
touched. Whereupon the wife fonne of Sirach doth giue
Eccl.ii.v.ti vsan aduertifement , faying : fVeepe forthe dead, for he
hath loft the light [of this lije'^ifet nuikf/mali weeping, becaufs
he is in reft.

The Sauagcs ^^^" ^^^^ °"' Sauages had wept for Panoniae , they
deeburnethe Went to the place where his cabin was whilCl hee did
moouable liue, and there they did burneall that hee had left, his
goods of the bowes, arrowcs, quiuers, his Beuers skinnes, his Tabac-
deccafed. co(without which they cannot liue) his doss and other
his (mall mooueables , to the end that no h^ody (hould
quarrell for his fucccfTton. The fame fheweth how little
they care for thegoods of this world, giuing thereby a
A fane Icflbn goodly leflbn to them who by right or wrong doe runne
tous ' ^^^^ ^^'^ ^^"^^ diuell, and very often doe breake their

necks , or if they catch what they deiire^ it is in making
bankerout with God, and fpeilingthe poore , whether it
be with open warrc, or vnder colour of iufticc. A faire le f-
fon I fay to thofe couetous vnfatiable Tatttaiftjfes, who
> : ;. take fo much paines , and mtirther fo many creatures to
f eekc out hell in the depth of the eaith, that is to fay, the
trcafures which our Sauiour doth call the Riches of ini-
qnttie, A faire IclFon alfo for them of whom Saint Hie-^
rcw^fpeaketh, treating of the lifeof Clearks: There bee
fome (faith he) who doeginc a Ut tic thing for 4f$ alme, to the
-fin/:. '■' : -4^. ^"^

Luk. i^. f.

mdtohdue it againer^ith great vfurie^ and vndcr colour of
giuirtg fomf thing , theyjeeke after riches , which is rather
a hunting than an a/me f: So arebeafls, hirds, andpjhes M-
ken, A fmall bait is put to a hooke to the end to catch at
it filly rvomensfurfes. And in the Epitaph of iV<?/>orw« to
Heliodore : Some (faith hc)doe heape money vpon money, and
makingtheir nnrfes tt bur ft out by certaine kjnde offerui'-
ces, they catch at afnare the richejfe of good matrons, and be*
iome richer being Monkes, then they were being fecular, And
for this couetoufnefTe the regular and fecular hauebeene
by imperiall Edids, excluded from legacies, whereof the
fame doth complaine, not for the thing, but for that the
caufe thereof hath beene giuen.

Let vs come againe to our burning ofgoods. The firfl
people , that had not yet couetoumede rooted in their
nearts, did the fame as our Sauages do* For the Phrygians
(or Troyians) did bring to the Latins the vfe of burnin g, ^
not onely of mooueables , but alfo of the dead bodies,
ma* jng high piles of wood for that eifc^^ as t/£ne4i did
in the tii*icrals of LMifenw :

■ I ^robore fe^o

Ingentemftruxerepyram
Then the bcTdy being waflied and annointed , they did
caft all his garments vpon the pile of wood, frankincenfc,
meats, andtheypowredonitoile, wine, honic, leauesi
flowers, violets, rofes, ointments of good fmell , and o-
ther things , as may be fcene by ancient hiftories and in-
fcriptions. And for to continue that which I hauc faidof

MifenuSyVirgil^o\\\ adde :

P urpuredfquef Piper veftes^velaminanota ^j

Conij€iunt:parsingenti[ubiereferetro,&c*^

^—^^congeftacremantur
Thura,donaydapeSyfufocrateresoiiuo, • « -j

And fpeaking of the funerals of ?^//^ a young Lord, ^w"*- "•

£[icndxoty£nea^:

THmgemm veH$fjoftroqt*e, auroque rigentts.

302,

Nsud Frmml

ExtHl$t9y£ne4S'

J. Samuel)
laftcbap.

f4/4rintYiel.
baokeofthe

warreofthe

Mfiltoijiuepratfreaiaftrentistramiapugfke
Agger At t & longoprtdam Met trdine duci :
AMit eqnos & teia, quibHs Jpo/$4verat heft em*
And vndcraeath :

Spdrgitur & teUus Idch rimif,Jpargumur c^ arma,
. Hmcalijjpolia occijis Mrepta Latinis

ContjciHntigniygaleASyenfefqHedecoroSi ^

FrandquefernenteCque rotas : pdrs mnnera ntts

Jpf§rmm clypeos, ^ nonfitticM tela,

SstigerofquefHeSy raptd/qne ex omni^HS agris

JnjMmmdm iHgulantpecude s

In the holy Scripture I finde but the bodies ofSaui and
ofhisSonncscohauebeene burnt after their ouerrhrow>
but it i$ not faid that any of their mooueables were caft
into the fire;

The old gauiiois and Germains did bume with the
dead bodie all that which he had loucd, euen to the very
beafts, papers ofaccounts and obligations, as if by that
nieanes they would cither haue paied, or demanded their
debts. In fuch fort, that a little before thit C^/ar came
thither, there was fome that did caft themfelues vponthe
pile where the body was burned , in hope to Hue elfe
where with their kinred, Lords, and friends. Concerning
the Germains, Tacitus faith the fame of them in thofe
cermes : ^H<e viuis cordiffiife arhritantur in ignem infernnt
etiamaMima/ia,feruos,^c/ientes0

Thefe fa(hions haue beene common anciently to many
nations, but our Sauages are not fo fooliHi as tbat:fbr rhey
cake good hecde from purring themfclues into the fire,
knowing that ic is to hot. They concent thcmfelues then
in burning the dead man his goods : And as for the
body they put him honourably in thegraue. This Paw-
ftiacof whom wee haue fpoken was kept in the cabin of
NiguiroetthiS fachcr,and ofNegftioadetchMh mc^ther, vfl-
cill the Spring time, whenthatthe aflcmblyoftheSaua-

,, - 4 ges

geswas madefortogoecoreuengehis death: In which
affembly he was yet wept for, and before they went ro
the warrcs they made an end of his funera Is, and carried
him (according to their cuflome) into a dcfolate Ilandc,
cowardes CapaeSaifle, fome fiue and twenty or thirtic
leagues diftant from Port Royall. Thofelfles which doc
feme them for Church-yardes are fecret amongft them,
for feare fome enemy (hould feeke to torment the bones
of their dead.

P//«7, and many others, hauc cfteemed that it was foo- tUhXjj,^6.
hflmeUetokeepedead bodies vnder a vaine opinion that
after this Hfe one is fomething. But one may apply vn-
to him that which Portius Feftta Gouernour of Cafarea
did foolifhly fay to the Apoftle Saint Paul : Thou art be- A^. itf. v. 24.'
fides thyfelfe : much learning hath made thee mad. Our Sa-
uages are cfteemed very brutifh (which they are not) but
yet they haue more wifedomc in that refpe^b then fuch
Philofophers.

Wc Chriftians doc commonly bury the dead hodks^
that is to fay, wcyceld them to the earth (called i/»»?«f,
from whence commeth the word Homo a LMan) from
which they were taken, and fo did the ancient Romans
before the cuftome of burning them. Which amongft
the Weft Indians the Brafilians doc, who put their dead '^
into pits digged after the forme of a tunnc, almoft vp- — ^
right, fometimes in their owne houfes,like to the firft Ro-
mans, according as Sermtts the Commentor oiVirgill doth
fay .But our fauages as far as ?eroH do not fo,but rather do
keepc them whole in Sepulchcrs,which be in many places
as fcaffoldes of nine and ten foote height, the rooffc wher-
of is all couered with mattes, whcreuponthey ftrcrch out
their dead rancked according to the order of their dcceafe.
So jlmoft our Sauages doe, fauing that their fepulchcrs
arclcfTcr and lower, niade after the forme of Cages, which

they coucr very properly, apd thcrcthcy lay their dead,
f . Which

304

ieadgetb.

K0UA Tnnm.

Which we call tobury, and not to interre feeing they are
not within the can h.

Now although that many nations haue thought good
to kccpe the dead bodies : yet it is better to follow thac
which nature rcquircth, which is, to render to the earth
that which belongcth vnto her , wliich (as Lncreceiixxki)
Omniparens eadem rerum efi communefepHlchrHm
Tut. in the i ^^^^ ^^is is the ancient ed fashion of burying, faith Ci^
booke of the cero : And that great C/r«/ King oftheP^r/JWw would not
l^vtesvvhich be otherwife ferucd after his death then to be rcftored to
Xi«*ph»n a. jj^g caith;(7 my deare MdrenHfiiid he before he died)f^^^«
/ haffe ended my life^ doe not pnt mj bodie, neither in gould
nor injtluer, nor inany otherfepulcher, bnt render it foorth*
mth to the earth. For what may be more happy and more to be
dejiredthen to ioine himfelfe with her that produceth andnon*
rijheth all 0oodandfaire things f So did he efteeme for va-
nity all the potnpes and excefliue expences ofthePyra-
gnides o£t/£gjpty of the Maufolees and other monuments
made after that imitation: AsthefameofAugudusi the
Great,and magnificall made of Adrian, the Septi^oneoi
Seuerfu, andoSier y etldOTer, not efteepiing himfelfe after
death more then the meaned of his Subie£t$.

The Romans did leaue the entombing of the bodieSi
hauing percciued that the long warres did bring diforder
vnto it, and that the dead corps were vnburied, which
bythelawcs ofthetwelue Tames it was behoouefuU to
bury out of the towne, like as they did in Athens. Wher-
upon Arnobins fpeakingagainfttheGentils: fVeedoenot
feare(J^^th he) asyoH thtnke, the ran fucking ofourgraues^
but wee k^epe the mofl ancient and be ft cuftome of burying,

^OHjaniss (who blameth the GaulloU as much as he
can) faith in his Phoci^Hes, that they had no care to bury
their dead, but we haue (hewed the contrary hecretofore:
And though it werefo, hefpeaketh of the ouerthrowof
the army oPSrennfts, The fame might haue becne faid of
the Nabateenf, Who (according to Strabo) did that
' . wbich

w4n>«(. Uh,t,

JOJ

^ud Franeia.

viWich ^Atifonias dothobic^lcocheCrW/o^, andburiej
the bodies of their kinges in dunghils.

OurSauages are more kindechenfo, andhaueallthafr
which the office of humanitic may dcfire, y ca eucn more.
For after they haue brought the dead to his reft, cuery
onemakethhimaprcfentofthebcft thinghehath. Some
doc couer him with many skinnesof Bcuers, of Otters
and other beaCles : others prefent him with bowes , ar-
rowcs, quiuers, kniues, Matachia^, and other thingcs.
Which they haue in common, not onely with them of
F/^n^4, who for wantof furres, docfetvponthefcpul-
chers the cuppe wherein the deceaflcd was accuftomed ta
drinke, and all about them they plant great number of ar-
rowes:Itcm they ofBraiiU who doe bury with their dead,
thinges made of feathers and Carkenets : and they of P<?-
roHy who (before the commingofthethe Spaniardes) did
fill their tombes with treafures : Butalfo with many na-
tions of thefe our partes, which did the fame euenfrom
the firft time after thefloud, sistnsiyhe coniefturedby
the writing (though deccitfull) of the Sepulcher oiSemi-
ramls Q^eene of Babylon^ containing that he of her fuc-
ceCTors that had needcofmony fliould makeit to be ope-
ned, and that he (hould finde there euenas much as he
would haue. Whereof Darius willing to make triall,
found in it nothing clfebut other letters fpeaking in this
forte : Vnlejfe thonwert arpicked manand vnfatiaile thoti
rvouldii not haucy through couetoafttejfejb trouhledthe quiet
of the dead, and broken dorvne their Sepulcher s, I would
thinke this cuftome to haue beene onely among the Hca- ;

then, were it notihatlfindcin /<?/^/> W his hiftory that ufeih.ji,
Salomon did put in the Scpulcherof Dauid his father a- bcokciz J/.
boue three millions of gould, which were rifled diirtcenc o^ ^^^eann.
hundred yccrcs after.

This cuftome to put gouldinto the Sepulchtrs being
come cuen tothe Romans, was forbidden bythctweluc
tables, alfo the cxcclTme expences that many did make in

quity of ihc

watering

■4

watering the bodies with precious U<juors, ancIoth<rffly«
fleries chat wehauc recited heeretofore. And nocwich*
(landing many (imple and fooltdi men and women did or*
daine by will and tedanient, that one (hould bury with
their bodies their ornamences,ringes> and icwels (which
the Gieekes did call entafuloia) as there is a forme iecne of
it,reported by the lawy cr ScuhqIh in the bookes of che Di"
i^'i^ro T^ ^<r/?r/. Which was reprooued by Papifuam a^nd F/pian
^c.u^^jLftr. Tikewife ciuill lawyers : in fuch (ore that for the abufc
uoalieM.DM thereof the Romans were conilrained to caufc chat the
I'S,' uL^fi' Cenfors of the womcns ornamentes did condcmne^as (im«
quu, D.de rt. p[^ ^j^^ effeminated, them that did fuch thinges, as T/u*

%T '^^^ ^*^*^ "* ^^^ ^*"^^ oi Solon and Sytta, Therefore the

beft courfe is to kecpc the modefty of th«* -r^cient Patri-
atihgs, anci eucn ofking Q^Mr^whom we hauc mentioned
before, on whofe tombe was this inrcriptton, reported by

TboM' thatfajfeli by^ wh^mfieuer th^nheefi^ and
V , from what parte fceuer th0u tommeft^f$fl4tm
fure that th$u wilt eomt : lam that Cjrns wh§
got tit dinHtnian to the Ferfians : Ipray thee
enuie not this little ftrceU of grounde which co*
nercthmy foore body^
So then our Saua^es are not excufablein putting all
the beitprnamentes chey haue into the Sepulchers of the
dead, feeing they might reape commodity by them. But
one may anfwer for them that they haue this cuftome e-
uen from their fathers beginning (for we fee that almoft
from the very time of the floud the like hath beene done
in this hither world) and gluing to their dead their furres,
Matachiasy Bowes , Arrowes, and Q^iuers, they were
thinges that they had no needc of. 4

And notwithflanding this doth not deere the Spani-
ardes firom blame,who haut robbed the Sepulchers 01 the
Indians of /'er^'/^^and cad the bones on the dunghill : nor

-:,l1

twiih-

lidor-
ywich
which
lencof
hcDp-
y/pian
abuCe
iiarthe
asQm-
isT/«-
bre the
: Patri-
itioncd
rccdby

(I J dnd

Hsvph0
iy thee
huh CO'

307

ttingall
otthe
ID. But
omc c-
talmoft
ne done
rfurrcs,
:y were

NouiTrMcii^

biirowne men that haue done the like, in taking away
the Beuers skinnc,in our Ncw-Francc,as I haue faid hccre-
toiore. Hceretoforc

For as IfoJoms faith of Damiette in an Epiftlc : It is i- bookt.ch.
the parte of enemies voide of all hnmamtie to rohhe the Mies jj,'
of the dead J which cannot defendethemfelneSj Nature it f elf e /,-„„, fthiuTi'i.
hathgitien this tomanj , that hatred doth ceajfe after deaths (i$m^Efift.iSif,
and doe reconcile themfelnes with the deceajfed. But riches
make the couetoHs to become enemies to the dead, agatnfi whom
they h AH e nothing to faj, who torment their bones fvith
reproach andiniury. And therefore not with-
out caufe haue the ancient Emperors made
lawes, and ordained rigorous paincs
againft the fpoilcrs and dc-
ftroiers of Sepul-
* chcrs.

%/fSpraifes beginen to ^od.

The Errata.

PAge 8. for //• «/ .94»i #r Sabitn , or Sand. rcaH //« ofSdlon or Sand.
p. 9, tovTottrtrimcourtr.VoHtrincoitrty p. i^.iorVnonr.Tfrou. p.
41. (or ha»4taiftdv. haitebeiMraifidyibjQttooHeiU fMMU p. $i. for
r9intv,T»n$»

z Spani-
rsoithe
ill : nor
oar