IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 i.l ■Aii2^8 |2.5 |5o "^^ MI^H ^ m u 2.2 11.25 1.4 1^ .« 6" — ► i! ■.» 7] /I V /. 4| '/ Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WHSTM.N.Y. 14910 (716) •73-4903 ■ A ,ti w 7 ■^r«*;f;( fmrtmm. ' H*- . i •* „ * **.v f '4< • . r ?« »A i .;!:l (D(DH!IPIBHW8. ^^ ; i llitroucAt Skctcr 1 |li0Touc/L Notes. 1. Quebte W ^ 1. Wolfc 36 3. MoDtealm...,...^ •••• 80 4. Wolft'sAnnj 4t 6. General Morit^^Anaerj 45 6. The Canaditn Militia 46 Iaworaiiic Sketch... 4S IK CiTT 68 The Fortificationt. 60 The Gntet 61 The Martello Toirert " The Citadel 62 Mooument to Woife atid Montealm 63 The Public Garden 66 Darhain Terrace *' The Place d*.\rmea 68 The Esplanade « Le Chien d'Or 70 The Lower Town 7S The St. Lawrence «.. 74 Steam Boat* 76 Winter Ferry of the St. Lawrence 7S Point L*Ti 81 8i. Rock •« •<>,«• ■'V.- 'f ^f- ' ■ ■ ■II l i ii rnf i i i m iwni in ii ii iiii | iii nnn ir |gn PMmiwinyi;»yiy>T»T'piyi;^»y» II j;» iiiiiummyii i^f „*■> ^' r :^f « '•^ t^l -v ^'■^ V^j /-*• _-.^p\'> « ' *' * *■ ?f ^J'-^fr if> », J ft, 3 'y ^ ,Hv.'^nt^*' •^ 4t % d i» . ^«*» i » * <^ ,« > »j«^. ^ t^ jT.'*'* ?*r ij .1 ■vj. *• ',?^ If f , 4 II ^v* i-;K*ai. rAuii«»wA*--rfft.i4si-fca.T»'5 -tft » '41,^ W i-^iv '-»>?» "t A4l . A-l'U ■<- '-i- >i^ — ■nrf^ :ivv ■■ * I V . ■ that its r«-inM0 woatd neither (m unacceptable nor un- profitable. Thii little book in its modern aspect repre- sents Quebec as she wu fifteen jfears ago, before the Jrreat fires of 1845 had altered in many respects her eatures, and affords striking proof of the rapid progress which even since then has been made. Railroads, elec- tric telegraphs, new streets, new churches, new public •difices have sprung up, but enough of old facts and old churches 4nd old habits remain to interest the stranj^er. Nay it mav be a new fact to some that the American General, Aiontgoiner]r> as this book tells us, was a Cap- ^ tain in the 17th Regiment of British Infantry now in ' this garrison, having recently won honours at Sebas- topol ; or even, if the fact be old, and known to many, it is still interesting at this particular time to know that the regiment in which Montgomery served is quar- tered, as it were, immediately over the spot on which Mon^omery fell. To some also it may oe interesting to know that there were horse-boats on the St. Law- rence in 1842, and to know what like they were ; the more especially when care has bten taken to add to the past the present condition of the ci'y under the magic svmbol of " 1857" — the new churches, the new hotels, the new steamboats, the nsw railroadi>, the new market ' houses, the new University, the new Music Hall, the new Aqueduct, the new Bathing Saloon, the new news- papers, and last of all, new cemeteries. , s, , , C. ROGER. •i«M'.. *. >'^m -y^i!-^ mfm^i ., , , ,1^ ,y ■ >»>■ "^i-. "Tli* "s, r^-»!^ W^m^w .-,..,. , ,;> , *ft» f' ■v '. f.. »v ij- f I.' *. ^-i fii. *« tM <'t •u t 9 • vc f'.v r «p*'«''.'« I "'^ i«t ' } -j!*^ .3«, '4 ! 1 l.tJ'^ Mt iii^ / .4 jr- ' < ' J t> fi , i*.J.V, ».^^*f* '' f)-V. > % ^*irj< fi,r,i.», J l"^#< «*.»•; i^ta-^-''^ H f^M "^V.-', .b t%¥»(i'>4 ii^% M mM \i i 't> i";. i >t^ tl^^ ^^,M »,. -Jf--. "*t *•,. " A,5 ■!. **.« «, -t'4« /^i »^/?t! «.-t -?»■■':■ W^ k#. • i it*ti%fSt^% .."?>3;i,f#i ^'«i'~ «j'* , fs>-t>i*,,4i.'rftWf> f-^).-*""5'll|E'- «' 'tf) ft^ft*^ ^ ♦»%$»):» ;s -. W^sJR #41 .J>lf^*^&|s,. ^^ »«teit.3il.m5=^ WIMj, ,l|»'t'!3 '"^Mi l^# i^JnfJ^, .Mm'4 » s^ /] (/ 4 r u '*'«!1 VWw*ff M^^^^i'SS.n^ S.-A* »-"j;^' t Z--n: ^ i, I 11 1 ... t» l i r r Ipiii til' imil l ll IllHKHMW^ V ti/ft^-tf'V M>a%-1M>W^ H i ^ ^ii n p W ' ** III " III 11 1 Id ' •— - I WccuuiAsncAL EoincEt. vaob !• Epiieopal Church 83 S. Aoman Cutholic Church 85 3. St. Andrew's Church 87 • 4. St. John'i Church 88 5. St. Patrick's Church " . ~ 6. Episcopal Chapels 89^ 7. Congregational Church 90 8* Wesleyan Chapel. * 91 .9. L'Eglise de la Congregation « . . , 10. Roman Catholic Church in the Lower Town 92 ... 11. St. Roch's Church 93 .^. ^.. IS. Churches at Point L6Ti 94 . 13. Hotel Dieu 95 14. The General Hospital 98 15. The Ursuline Conrent 100 16. The Seminary , 108 . — Burying Grounds 106 CitiL Ediuces. , . . , 1. Parliament House 107 ; i ... ;" 2. The Court House , 108 . 3. The Jail 109 . .4. The Marine Hospital Ill V ' ;. ;., ,:^ fi. The Old Chateau 113 6. The City Hall 114 ThkBabsacks 115 GoTEiniiciiT OrricEs 119 COMMXBCXAL IffSTiTUTIOITS. 1. The Exchange 181 8. The Custom House 122 >• 3. The Trinity House " --■ 4. The Post Office " ^,w\y^^yvvn^ f Til PAOf 0. The Bi^iks Its 6. AMurance Offices It4 CoMMcmcK 124 MABKrrt 126 1 SSI- New Churches 181 Laral UDirenity 183 Music HaU.. 183 Mount HermOD Cemeterj 184 8t Chmrles Oemeterj . / 184 Hotels i 184 Steamers 186 Railroads 186 Water Works 186 Newspapers 187 Bathing Saloon 187 Carters Tariff 188 Railway Table 189 Tat Emtiroms Old French Wurks«-St Lewis and St. Foy Roadii — Holland Houie — Plains of Abraham-^ Wolfs Column — Races — Cricket — Spencer Wood — Wood- field 141 Lorette 150 The Montmoreucy 163 The Cbaudidre Halls 168 The Falls of Ste. Anne 161 The Lakes r 166 The Island of Orleans 176 The Herroitnge 177 The St. Lawrence below Quebec 179 The Sagiekat 184 i>i' i*---- / - '/ AMD trs Le/wftar^ tt ccmt^ UAe an- H^mitt/, ds if to stnsp down all tfun^< in Ha track,. Chamun^ tfu ufi trUh iCretuL-o, mscUJUtM cMaractt Is) In -ll;^l r- ■» i-T 'r}r-:'^i- -■■ > • ■■'5, ■ « 1 «!•■ : . ; '■- n ' 1^ ( M'.'"'- ' ■.'•.'. -.■'■• U- . ■'■■ .»; ; ■ '• ■. : -.v.'. ' 1 %■ ■«-,-„ 1 <.,2?v': J ? y a'-vt':. '• '* ■■■■piWimPiPPiHWii^WW^ — ''^ STADACONi (ftEairt4\. >• M,Si "^ ^ ° AITD m ENVIRONS 6*' aiiTOEIOAU.r, FAMOftAMICAtLT, AMD LOCALLT ZZBIBITSI>. QUEBFX: CAREY, BROTHERS, MUSIO LIBRARY, AMD EAILWAT EBAMIIO VKPOT. ^^9 t^ am mi '< fr ^w^smmmmmm hi 5 "k Ah • V- '>■ '^ ';•?_■ J^ ^;^-:, ^w-4^> I '■ jf*^ :, :^^;^^ ^-263^ ^rr. I • ,t* W 4 ■*,; ,*f ?i.? ^ ^d\ , **!^, *!•,;, -Vr^S-n,;*,^^"- | ., | 'ri ■'■'■> '■V-''- iiii- '^' ?»>*'"''' i> !HaST®IRI terprise with two vessels of 60 tons each, prosecuted his object with more success. After anchoring for a £ew days in the harbor of St. Catherine, New- foundland, he proceeded along the coast of Labrador^ and crossing the gulf to which he gave the name of St. Lawrence, he anchored in a bay which he called from the excessive heat the Baic des Chdeurn* At IJ' , > HUtC.HK.Al. SKSTCH*. 1 Gas^ ^e fdmained a tew dft^^i dftd lit^ sdtifVinteiv course with the natives, two of whom he managed to smuggle on board and carried with him W France to which he returned after making but little further progress up the river. His representations induced the King to equip another expedition of three vesseki with which he sailed in the following year. Pas- sing between the Isle of Anticosti and the northern shore he explored the St. Lawrence until he arrived at an island to which he gave the name of Bacchus^ from the profusion of wild vines with which it abounded. This is now the Island of Orleans. Here he went on shore accompanied by the Indians whom he had taken with him on his former voyagey and whf»e favorable account of the treatment they had received conciliated at once the goodwill of the natives. On the following day their chief Domiiip cona paid Jacques Cartier a visit in state, attended by his followers in twelve canoes, and mutual protesta*- tions of friendship took place or. the occasion. Having secured thus happily a friendly intercoune with the natives, Cartier proceeded up the river in search of a secure place of anchorage for his little fleet. At the mouth of the little river he found the desired haven on which he conferred the name of Port de St, Croix* Near the spot where he anchor- I, I I f ' [■■.J.r ^ * Thii name was subiequently changed for that of St* Charle», in honor of the Grand I Visar of Poa(<^M. Charles dcs Boiies, who foaoded th« fitat Miuion o( H^coUets to Canada. 111 fr ^T 1$ ii J I % HISTORICAL SKETCH* •4 stood the Indian village Stadacona, the reftideoce of the chief, on the high grounds at present occupied by the Upper Town or its suburbs ; the precise site cannot, however, be gathered from Jacques Cartier's description which will be found below.* He set •ail soon after with his pinnace and two other boats to visit Hochelaga, their most considera- ble village, which stood upon the site now occu- jned by Montreal. Here his reception by the nmtirss was equally warm. The village was found to consist of fifty bark covered huts radely fortified with ramparts of wood, placed at the foot of a moun- tain, on which Jacques Cartier was led to confer the title of Mont Royal from the beautiful view which it commanded. Having indulged his curiosity he retamed to Port de St. Croix, where he found his people securing hi» vessels within a palisade, as he had made up his mind to pass the winter here. The ■ * « Et aa bout d*icrlle lale Ten I'Oaest, y an affoar^ << d*e»ubel et delectable pour mettre Navires, auquel y a *< un destroistdtt dit Fleuve fort courant et profond, maia ** il n'a de large qu'enriron un tiers de lieue, le trarera « dtt quel y a ooe terre double de bonne baotear toute ** labor^e, aaiti bonne terre qu'il aoit po««ible de rotr ; *' et W eat la ville et demeurance du Seif^neur Donnaconay ** ai de n^s deux hommes qu'aviona prU le premier Toy* ^< ag« : laquelle demeurance ae nomme Stadaeoni^ vous ** laqueile hante terre vers le Nord eat la Rividre et *( Hable de Saincte Croix : auquel lieu avons 6t6 dem- f* puii le qoinxiime jour de Septembre juaqa'an sixi^ma *( io«r de mai mil oinq cena trente>aiz : anquel lieu lea N jfarires demevrdreat & ifO|e- 1 I M * 1 1 1 1 1 1 %w I w i 1^' f mSTOMCAL SKEXCUt HabAM. He passed the winter h«re, but a variety of circumstances combined to render liis people dis- satisfied with the new settlement. The scarcity of provisions, the prevalence of the scuivy among them, and above all the severity of Roberval's gov- ernment created such general discontent that they abandoned the country in the following June. Ro- berval, however, being a man of an enterprising spirit, resolved after the lapse of a few years to proceed on another expedition to Canada, and having collected a number of followers he embarked again in 1649. But as, unhappily, no tidings were sub- sequently heard of these ill-fated men, they are supposed to have perished on the voyage. The ill success which had attended these attempts, together witl the civil wars in France resulting from the persecution of the Huguenots, interrupted for a period of half a century the efforts to effect a settle- ment in the west. At length, in 1598, the Marquis de la Roche was invested with poweis similar to those held by Roberval, and sailed for Acadie with a crew of convicts taken out of the gaols : at Sable Island he left on shore forty of his crew, and after making a fruitless survey of the neighboring coast he returned without them to France. They remained ma this Island seven years, and suifei-ed great priva- tions, till Henry IV, who was informed of their suffer- ings, de^pc^ched a ship for the relief of the survivors. Several expeditious took place in succession, and HISTORICAL SKKTCH. 7 a company of merchants was fonned for carrying on a a trade in furs, and in 1603 a squadron was sent out under the charge of Samuel de Champlain, Geographer to the King, who anchored at a place which he says the Indians called Quebec.(i) Here the beauty and capaciousness of the harbor^ and the natural strength of the promontory under which he anchored, suggested it as the most suit- able site for a fort, and for him was reserved the dis- tinction of founding the first permanent colony of France in the new world. At the time of his arri- valythe village of Hochelagahad dwindled to a few huts and wore so insignificant an aspect that he does not appear to have landed there ; Stadacona, alsoy which in the time of Jacques Cartier was a Tillage of some importance, and the residence of the chief^ was also much reduced in extent and, from the silence of Champlain on the subject, seems to have lost the name it had previously borne, owing no doubt to its being occupied by a difierent tribe of the Huronsy its former possessors having migrated to the banks of the Saguenay. Champlain lost no time in clear- ing the woods and erecting houses for the new set- tlers, and having been so piudent as to cultivate a good understanding with the natives in his vicinity, the aflairs of he settlement appeared to be fixed on a permanent, footing, when by his solicitation, four priests of the Recollet order joined them in 1612. ') /-■■ VV'"'"'' ■ ■' i iinrn'T"-r''-' ■■ — " p wnmm HISTORICAL SKETCH. 15 was to advance and cooperate with the ifleet. But violent storms in the St. Lawrence, which delayed their piogress up the river and caused eight trans- ports to founder among the Isles aux CEufs — with a loss of nearly 900 men — blasted all their hopes of success. The fleet having suffered considerably, it was resolved by a Council of War, under the addi- tional pretext of an insufficiency of provisions, to abandon the enterprise. A' i-^v^^i'R A ss^ ';(ife During the half century which followed this futile attempt, tbere is but little to record of any importance in the history of Quebec. Events were gradually progressing in other parts of the colony which paved the way for its final reduction under the dominion of England. The ill feeling which existed between the French and the Indians of the far west broke out at intervals in mutual encoun- ters, in which the conduct of both parties was strong- ly tinctured with barbarity : indeed the existence of this animosity on the part of the Five Nations^ which became still more dangerous from the friendly footing on which they stood with the English Colo- nies, may be traced to the bad faith and inhumanity displayed by the French in many of their transac- tions. In order to facilitate and secure the trade with the Indians, a fort was erected at Oswego in 1726 by Governor Hurnet of New York. This was the source of renewed hofctilities, which were car- ried on with various success, but the English con- -I ^1 10 HISTORICAL SlCTCIIt ii!^ !' i! I '! ! tlnaed for eomc time to maintain their fort and thd objects it was intended to promote, in spite of the repeated efforts of the French to dispossess them. About this time the affairs of the colony appear to have been in the hands of a set of olHcials who pur- sued a connected system of gross peculation. Every oflice of trust would seem to have been sought with the single view of unjust accumulation. The gov- ernment and the colonists suftered alike from their heartless rapacity of which M. Bigot the Intendant enjoys the unenviable distinction of having been the chief promoter. A large store house was erected near his Palace as a repository for articles intended for the government service, and a monopoly was secured at a most exorbitant price to the compaiiy who built it ; this earned for it from the oppressed inhabitants the title of" LaFriponne." They were chiefly affected, however, by the monopolies in grain which raised most exorbitantly the price of food, and entailed considerable misery on the poorer classes.* In 1756 a strong body of troops arrived from France under the command of the Marquis de Mont- calm. He followed up with vigor an attack wh* '" had been contemplated for some time upon Oswe'^ », against which he proceeded with a powerful for • * M. Bigot, as the principal instigator of thi« tyttem fraud, was banivhed from France for life in 1763. ,■> •, » - : i' ■ » -r^. ' .7 ' '• ' r. m ■ii^^ HUTORICilL 8K£'I€H. n The g<i8on,aftet a gaUiiht defends, suiftena^r^d the fort to Montcalm by whom it was demolished. In the following year an unsuccessful attempt was made by Rigaud, brother of the Governor, upon Fort George situated on the Lake of that name. It was repeated soon after by Montcalm with better success, the garrison being obliged to submit after a deter- mined resistance in which they expended all their ammunition. They were allo\Ted to march out with all the honors of war in consideration of their gal- lantly. These reverses of the British arms did not long remain unatoned ; they served but to hasten the meditated advance upon Canada. The English troops had no mean opponent, however, to contend with, and failed in a gallant assault upon Fort 11- conderoga, which they made under General Aber- crombie, who was compelled to retire before the military genir.s of Montcalm. They were more fortunate in their attacks upon Fort Frontenac and Fort du Quesne which fell into their hands, but the former on being abandoned was taken possession of again by the French, who rebuilt the works. In the summer of 1759, a formal treaty having just been entered into with the Indians, whom the efforts of the French had lately caused to waver in their friendship, the general movement of the British forces upon Canada took place in three divisions. — General Prideaux advanced against Niagara where the French had erected a fort of great importance B w ;| m, iH HISTORICAL 6X£TGB. "Ki \: " 1' II! affording a protection to their own trade, and cov- ering their hostile incursions into the neighboring colonies. Prideaux was unhappily killed by the bursting of a shell while surveying the trenches during the siege, but his place was ably supplied by Sir Wm. Johnson, who gained a brilliant victory over a body of the enemy who attempted to relieve the garrison, all their oilicers falling into his hands. Thi« defeat decided the fate of the fort, which was soon after surrendered to tlie English. The second division of the British army under General Amherst, ' proceeded up Lake Champlain, where they took possession of Forts Ticonderoga and Crown Point, which were abandoned by the enemy on their ap- proach. But the movements of the squadron which, sailing up the St. Lawrence without the slightest accident or opposition, approached Quebec with 8000 men under the command of Wolfe, attract our attention to the branch of the army from whose exertions the most important operations ef the campaign were to proceed. On the ar- rival of the fleet at the Island of Orleans, the land forces were there disembarked on the 27th of June, and a manifesto was distributed among the Canadians by General Wolfe, couched in the most humane and generous terms and calling on the pea- santry by a timely submission to avoid the horrrors of war. This appeal was treated with such con- Icmpt, that the Canadians were frequently engaged .7 HISTORICAL S1CETCII. w^ith the scaling parties of the Inararis in barba- rous attacks upon the English stragglers. On tho night of the 28th an attempt was made to destroy the fleet with fire ships, seven of which were dropped down the river for that purpose, but being fortunate- ly fired too soon, the English sailors, with their customary presence of mind, succeeded in grappling and towing them all to the shore before they could come in contact with the shipping. General Monck- ton was soon detached with four battalions to take possession of a battery erected by the enemy at Point Levi. In this he was perfectly successful, and caused so much execution upon the city with shells and cannon that the Lower Town was shortly reduced to a heap of ruins, and many of the buildings in the Upper Town suffered considerable damage. A detachment of 1600 men was sent across the river by the French to dislodge him, but getting into con- fusion in the dark, during which they fired upon each other, they returned without coming into colli- sion with the English troops. Montcalm, who had exerted every effort for the defence of the city, had established his forces along the Beauport «hore, between the River St. Charles and the Falls of Montmorenci, an extent of upwards of six miles in which he threw up intrenchments to prO" tecthis troops in all accessible points. On the ninth of July Wolfe, having established his magazines, stores aj^d hospital on the Island of Orleans and erected the :,. i!t -^ !i 1 20 HISTORICAL SKETCH. ; s', ;! i ^^ :il('( l| . • ■>i necessary works for their protection under the charge of Colonel Carleton, crossed with his forces the North channel and encamped near the Falls. Failing in an attempt to force a passage across the turbulent waters and up the precipitous banks of the Montmorenci, he determined on passing below the Falls, where the river was fordable at low watei and attacking Montcalm at once in his trenches. The necessary preparations were immediately made for crossing the troops and put into execution on the 31st July. The difficulties which attended this movement were, however, so considerable as to cause the defeat of a portion of the army ; from the shallow and rocky nature of the beach several boats ran aground, causing a fatal delay in the disembark- ation, by which a detachment of grenadiers was separated from the main body. These men, in their eagerness to engage the enemy, advanced in the utmost disorder upon their entrenchments and were exposed to so galling a fire that they left about 200 dead upon the field, and retired with 650 wounded. As night was now approaching and the rise of the tide would cut off all means of retreat, it was deem- ed advisable to abandon the attempt and retire once more behind the Montmorenci, This mortifying disaster had such an effect upon the chivalrous mind of Wolfe that it brought on a severe illness, under which he still labored when he ascended the heights of Abraham to dedicate his life to his country. '^'tv- ^■•^ ^1 HISTORICAL SKETCH. ^m^ His plan of operations was now entirely changed ; passing up the river he determined on landing above the town and taking it by storm. The attempt ap- peared to be attended with insuperable difficulties^ but his dauntless energy and good fortune crowned his efforts with success, .n order to deceive the enemy, the squadron proceeded up the river about nine miles above the cove at which the troops were to disembark, a force of 1500 men under M. dc Bougainville having been despatched by Montcalm to observe their movements. But favored by the darkness of the night they dropped down with the tide on the 12th September, and the troops were landed in- flat bottomed boats on the beach be* lo\^ the plains of Abraham. Had this attempt been anticipated, and the almost precipitous cliffs which the British troops had to ascend been properly de- fended their hopes of success in this enterprise must have been slight indeed, but the only force they had to encounter was a captain's guard in possession of a narrow footpath which led up the declivity. Mont- calm on receiving intelligence of their position lost no time in advancing with his army from Beauport, and resolved upon hazarding a battle to protect the city from the threatened assault on its weakest side. On his anival he found the British troops drawn up in order of battle and made an attempt to turn their left, which was, however, reinforced with three bat- talions in time to render his eiiorts abortive. After M^ Si: u - m ] ;- i < * :|| \m ■,„im t! T I: ij '. V.' '^ n HISTORICAL SKETCH. keeping up an irregular fire from behind the bushes and hedges, which were lined with 1600 of his best marksmen, he advanced to the charge with great spirit about nine in the morning. The British re- served their fire until their opponents approached within forly yards when they poured in a deadly discharge which they maintained with much coolness and effect. Wolfe, who was standing at the right in front of the line, received a shot in the wrist which did not, however, prevent him from advan- cing soon after at the head of the grenadiers who charged the French with their bayonets, in this conspicuous position, while inspiring his troops with that heroic ardour which filled his own bosom, an- other ball, more fatal in its aim, pierced his breast. Being removed to the rear he survived but a short time, long enough, however, to learn the full suc- cess of the British armc. At this moment Brigadier Murray succeeded in breaking the centre of the enemy who, giving way, were soon thrown into disorder and were pursued with great slaughter by the Highlanders, who, sword in hand, supported by the 58th, drove them into the city and down to their works on the River St. Charles. On the death of Wolfe — Brigadier Munckton being seriously wounded the command devolved on Brigadier Townshend, who h?A scarcely collected his scattered troops when a fresh lK>dy of the enemy, 2000 strong, under the charge of M. DeBougainville^ appeared on its way n HISTORICAL SKCTCH. from Carouge. Two battalions weie immediately detached against them, bat they retired into the woods on their approach. In the attack upon the French centre the English made very effective use of one six pounder whieh they had succeeded in drag- ging up the cliff. Their opponents had two guns, one of which fell into the hands of the British. Montcalm was mortally wounded in the battle and was conveyed to the city where he expired the next day. The three officers next in command to him perished also, being either killed in the engagement or dying of their wounds soon after. The loss of the French was very considerable — about 500 killed and 1000 prisoners, while that of the English was about 60 killed and 500 wounded. But the death of Wolfe was, in itself, an irreparable affliction, ex- piring as he did at the moment of a victory won by his untiring energy and determined valor, but the fruits of which he was not destined to enjoy. The dying words of this young hero display such a gene- rous devotion that they cannot be too otten recorded. As he leaned against the shoulder of a lieutenant who supported him on the ground, this officer ex- claimed, " they mn, they run !'* — << Who run ?" he enquired with great eagerness, and on being informed << the French'*—" What," said he, « do they run already ? then I die happy !" and as he spoke he expired in his arms. Montcalm, who shared hif. fate in this memorable battle, closed at the same time a career distinguished by brilliant talents and a Ut I "I ■II ii ill I l!ii;l^ ^ 7 34 HlfTORIOAL tKKTCH. military genius which raised him high in the estima- tion of his country. He found a grave befitting a soldier, his body being deposited in a cavity caused by the bursting of a shell in the garden of the Ur- suline Convent* xnt ^jr.-4Ai •f.rt.iM«< ^ .o Atir, After the battle General Townshend lost no time in securing his camp and making the requisite pre- parations for investing the city. Communications were also opened with the fleet which supplied him with artillery and ammunition, and proceeded to take up its position opposite the Lower Town, in readi- ness for a combined assault. On the 17th of the month, however^ proposals of capitulation were sent from the garrison, and accepted. by Townshend, who took possession of the city on the following day. This hurried surrender may be chiefly accounted for by the death of Montcalm, which threw the councils of the French into confusion, and inay be reckoned a very fortunate event for the British, as the near approach of the winter and the strong reinforcements of the enemy, who began to rally again in the neighbourhood, might have retarded their efforts till the season for action was passed, and perhc^ps^ frustrated all the operate ;ns of the army. A force of 5000 men was left ir* xhe city under the command of General Murray an 1 the remainder of the troops returned with the fleet to England. Tlie ensuing winter was past by Murray in repairing the damages incurred by the buildings from the batteries Jf^ PfS^^i'i' tfi^-yUSS :''1 .1.; )%i'y !» '; :,.n!.Jf HISTORICAL fKKTCH. 90 8tim8- tting a caused ic Ur- 10 time ite pre- icationi ied him to take readi- 1 of the ere sent id, who ig day. counted ew the nd may Piritish, le strong to rally retarded sed, and e army, nder the ainder of id. "Hie iring the batteries at Point Levi, and strengthening in every posiible way the fortification of the city. A detachment of 300 men was posted at Saint Foy and another of 400 men at Lorette. The severity of the winter and the great scarcity of fresh provisions caused the death of no less than 1000 men from scurvy before ilie month of April, and of the remaining poiticn of the garrison nearly one half were unfit for service. But amid the depriva- tion and sufferings under which they labored an in- stance was displayed by the garrison of that noble generosity which may be said with truth to be cha- racteristic of the British nation. A famine conse- quent on the campaign threatened to involve in its desolation the surrounding inhabitants, when a gene- ral subscription was raised with alacrity to which even the private soldiers contributed from their scanty resources ; the fund collected so promptly was distributed among the people and alleviated in a great degree the prevailing distress. This act of ^nerosity to the conquered must have tended great- ly to reconcile the Canadians to their new gover- nors. Reduced to the distressed condition which has just been described the enfeebled garrisou pre- pared to receive the French troops, who collecting under the command of the Chevalier de Levi to the number of 12,000 men, approached Quebec in the spring. De Levi had exerted every efiort to secure the efficiency of his army and regain once more possession of Quebec. The French squadi on, which .11 '\ 'fimi 06 HISTOBICAL SKETCH. Ii; i had wintered at »lQritit!Bi, was ordered to drop down the river and cooperate with his troops, who advanced through the Carouge wood within three miles of the city. The garrison being deemed un- equal, in its reduced condition, to a proper defence of the fortifications, General Murray resolved to an- ticipi^le the attack by meeting De Levi at once in the field. He marched out accordingly with his small bu* veteran force of 3000 men on the morning of the 28th of April, and was not long in coming into collision with the French, whom he found as he approached advancing in a single column. The first attack of the British troops was so impetuous as to cause the centre of the French to give way, but the left wing of the former becoming detached from the main body was repulsed in turn by the reserve of the enemy. A desperate conflict ensued, which was maintained with various success for nearly two hours, when Murray, overpowered by numbers, gave up the unequal contest and retreated in good order to the city. This sanguinary battle cost the British 1000 men, while the loss of the French was still greater, amounting by their own computation to 2,600. De Levi pursued the advantage he h«*id gained by immediately investing the city, upon which he opened his batteries. But the gallant gar- rison was not destined to remain much longer with- out reinforcements from England. On the 15th of May, Commodore Swanton anchored with his squa- ■4i; !w'?Wf#'''iK'^* * ■ ^ UISTORfCAL SKETCH. ^fl ^'il (Iron in the bay, and on the following morning two frigates getting under weigh to attack the French fleet, the latter fled in such disorder that they were driven onshore and entirely destroyed. They consist- ed of two frigates, two aimed ships and some smaller vessels. This success was, however, greatly neutra- lised by the loss of the Lowestoffe frigate, which ran upon some hidden shoals. De Ijevi abandoned the siege the same night, and retreated with precipita- tion to the Jacques Cartier, leaving behind him all his ammunition, stores and cannon, which fell into the hands of General Murray. The reduction of Montreal by General Amherst and the entire sub- mission of the French forces throughout Canada followed soon after : the successep of the British troops were also attended by the ready submission of the inhabitants, who took without reluctance the oath of allegiance to the British crown, to which this Province was finally ceded by the Treaty of Peace in 1763. In this year a remarkable mutiny occurred among the garrison, which consisted of the .i5th, 27th, and 2iid battalion of the 60th Regiment. An order in- stituting a stoppage of four pence sterling upon each ration of provisions excited so much ill feeling among the troops that, forgetting the calls of duty and discipline, they collected together and hiarched with drums beating towards St. John's gate with the in- tention of proceeding to New York and laying ; '■ ■ } f i ■' ■ ' i 1 *! n 1'* * Si ' s. 3 ' IP ii i ! !| I T :i i ! f' 1;: 23 mmmm HISTORICAL SKETCH. themselves at the disposal of General Amhei^t. By the persuasion of their officers they returned to their barracks, but as they persisted for several days i.i refusing to obey the order in question, the Governor Murray determined to reduce them to obedience or perish in the attempt. With this view he ordered the garrison under arms on the grand parade, and after pointing out to them in the strongest terms the enormity of their conduct, he commanded them, as a sign of obedience, to march between two royal colors which he caused to be raised for that purpose, and threatened to put to death the first man who re- lused to obey. This veiy resolute course had the desired effect ; his ordei-s were immediately com- plied with, and the men returndd in quietness to their barracks. On the cession of the province to England the military government which had hitherto controlled its affairs was superseded, by royal proclamation, by a civil government, General Murray being appointed Captain General and Governor in chief of the pro- vince of Quebec, with the power to nominate a Council of eight members. As the colony ad- vanced, however, in stability and importance a strong desire was evincea by the British inhabitants of Quebec to have a Representative Assembly esta- blished among them ; a petition praying for this boon was accordingly made to the Governor and sub- mitted to bis Majesty in 1774, but failed in its HISTORICAL SKETCH. •HBv object, the state of the colony not being considered such as to render that step desirable. A Legislative Council nominated by the King was established by Act of Parliament in its steadj, the colonists being declared eligible for admission without distinction of origin. This measure, known as the Quebec Act, gave great oHence to the British portion of the co- lonists as it restored the French Canadians to nearly the same position they had occupied before the con- quest, with reference to their laws, their language aii'l ' '^*itutions. Though the generosity of this Ac -'A luss Imperial Parliament was, perhaps, unex- ampled, its wisdom may well have been disputed, tending as it did to restore and perpetuate a distinct nationality in this new appendage of the British Crown. ---.jj-f-.^-v- >-^.>« irm'^x' f- khrn^fwnMxiqm-nmwimm^- The contest which had been mauntained for some time by the American colonies against the authority of Great Britain began about tbis period to extend its efiects beyond the frontiers of Canada. Emissaries were busily employed in shaking the fidelity of the inhabitants anr- inducing them to assist the colonists in their stru^ ;- \ independence. In the follow- ing year they l . h^ f»d into Canada under Generals Montgomery and a lold, who found the province but ill prepared for defence, the regular force consist- ing of only two regiments, the 7th and 26th, in all 800 men detached in various parts of the province. General Carieton, the Governor, in vain endeavoured y i ^s ^h 1 :!i ti i> I j ri f «ppn"i ':t ,1 30 '*v; HISTORICAL SKETCH. to arouse the Canadians to cSopefate wiih him in their common defence : even the persuasions of their clergy were utterly fruitless, and Mon- gomery meeting with little opposition soon succeed- ed in reducing Chambly, St. Johns and Montreal. Thisreprehensible supineness of the French Canadians arose, no doubt, from the desire to await the issue of the contest in Canada between Great Britain and her revolted r-l^nies: and when we consider the short period th^^ tl owned allegiance to England we must not couv. m tx)o harshly their refusal toj take up arms, whicli was rendered moie general by the recollection of the hardships resulting in former years from their enrolment as Militia, which withdrew them so frequently from their homes and agricuU tural occupations. At a much later period, however, when their experience cf protection under British iostitutions and the increase of population had en- gendered strong feelings of nationality; the Canadian Militia fully established for themselves a character for courage aud loyalty. The successes of the Ame- ricans were destined to receive a check before the walls of Quebec which ultimately baffled their at- tempts upon Canada, and caused them to relinquish tiioso posts which had previously fallen into their bands. In the beginning of November Arnold, having advanced through the woods by the Kennebec and Chaudiere Rivers, invested Quebec and was joined about a month afterwards by Montgomery. ■i-^tm HISTORICAL SKETCH* Their foic«»s amounted to nearly 3000 men, among whom were enrolled about 500 Canadians. Many of the inhabitants of Quebec being openly disaffect- ed, General Carleton issued an order for the imme- diate withdrawal of such as objected to take up arms. This wise precaution being taken he was left wiih a small but gallant garrison of 1800 men chiefly composed of firitish and Canadian Militia. The attack of the besiegers was for some time con- fined to throwing shells into the town which suffered little damage, and cutting off the sentries on the rampaits with riffes under shelter of the houses in St. Rochs. At length on the 31st December, the uight being very dark, the long meditated assault was made upon the city. Their forces were de- vided into four bodies, two of which were merely intended to distract the attention of the garrison from the real points of attack in the Lower Town» Montgomery repaired with 900 men towards Pres-de-Vilie at the foot of the citadel, where a small guard was in possession of a battery of nine pouiidei-e which commanded the nanow road through which he advanced. As soon as they had approach- ed within fifty yards of the battery a deadly fire was poured upon his party which put them imme- diately to flight, and in the morning among thirteen bodies which were found on the spot those of Mont- gomery and two of his staff* were recognised. At the same time 700 men under General Arnold made l!l,1 fr 7, life ' * 1 it ■•: I 33 HISTOmCAL SKETCH. ail attack at the Sault-au-Matelot, and drove the guard which was stationed there back upon the centre of the Lower Town. By a vigorous sortie, however, through Palace Gate the enemy were taken in the rear and entirely defeated with a loss of upwards of 400 prisoners. Arnold being wound- ed in the commencement of this attack was con- veyed to the General Hospital. This successful re- pulse pfreserved the garrison from a repetition of the assault although the siege was regularly maintsuned throughout the rest of the winter. Three batteries were erected by the Americans — at Point Levi, at the Ferry on the St. Charles, and on the Plains of Abraham, but the damage which they occasioned the garrison was very trivial, as they were frequent- ly dislodged by a well directed fire from the city. Towards the close of the winter their ranks weie greatly thinned by desertion, and still further dimi- nished by the small pox which committed dreadful ravages among them. At length on the 6th of May the arrival of the Surprise frigate relieved the be- sieged from their tedious confinement. A detach- ment of the 29th regiment, together with the ma- rines, being landed without loss of time, a vigorous | sally of the garrison caused the enemy to retreat with precipitation, and additional rcinfopcements ar- riving from England soon after, the American forces finally evacuated Canada without further delay. In the year 1791 \hc petitions of the colonists for I s t --.' ^ - IMMHMH 1 il ••■*»; UtSTOtUCAL IKKTCU. S3 a Representative Assembly were fully acceded to by the establishment of a Constitution as closely assimilated as possible to that of Great Britain-— a boon for the first time conferred on any of her colo- nial possessions. The province was divided into Lower and Upper Canada and the first provincial parliament was opened at Quebec in December 1792 by Lieut. Governor Clarke, the House con- sisting in all of 50 members. >^5^Ht-^^W^ * In the following year the church of England waa established in Canada by the erection of a Bishop's See under the title of the Bishopric of Quebec, Dr. Jacob Mountain being the first who was installed in that dignity. Having laid before the reader a faithful sketch of events from the founding of the city, this portion of onr labors must draw to a close, as the more recent history of Quebec leaves us nothing to record, with- out entering on the discussion of topics beyond (he scope and province of these pages. Withii^ Ihe walls of this city, in the sittings of its Assembly, the political movement had its birth which swayed and agitated so long the destinies of the province, and if the war of words and the ebullition of party feeling contributed to the unfortunate events whkh led to a suspension of the constitution, Quebec may regard as a requital of these enors the estrangement of the Seat of Government and the consequent di- minution of her pro($perity and importance. Yet c \ ■ m I'j '■V ; m ■MIOKfCAL •KSTC«. Hht great adranttget which it poeseaiet lead its citizens to indulge the hope that, in spite of recent •bange8,it will ere long be restored to its true posi- tion as the capital of Canada. .i.».s»;^'. ■ :»^^;*^7■ ,- :} ■ 4 i*-} ^fe W 'h Mf^^^~- i!ft«f"> ■^'■^^ ^% i^ 'tii7WtiH.V-'f\i-'M\i if' ■ »*i . ^fc- ■>4*t-. _, K (DIP IB 8. :> -r-M- rililSi^i^WAi^^v^'-i;'' QUicio. ^^,^VY^ The origin of the name of Quebec, in spite of the apparent solution by Champlain, is involved in ob* scurity. The passages in which he refers to it are as follows : « Trouvant un lieu ie plus estroit de la riviere, que les habitans du pays appellent Qii^ec^ je fis bastir, &c.," — and " La pointe de Quebec. ainsi appellee des sauvages." Charlevoix ana other subsequent writeis, putting a construction on the first extract which it does not appear to justify, have stated that Quebec is the Indian word for a straU, and was applied by the natives f<» that rea* son to the locality in Question. Hie editor of Hawkins' Picture of Queoec, however, in a very elaborate discussion of the subject, denies altogether the claim of an Indian origin for the word, and ae* counts for Champlain's assertion by the affinity of sound to the latter part of the name CaXnT'Coubat- given by the natives to the river St. Charlefl on account of its serpentine course. He top^ plies a more probable source in the existence of a mutilated seal of «the Earl of Sofiolk bearing date ..':>'.^ .'.-jr-i7.ttri.-jr... HISTORICAL SKKTCK. \ ^ court in his French campaigns, or as the representa- tive of his sovereign in France. This would seem to determine at once the Fnropean origin of the name, which was, doubtless, carried by the Norman settlers to the banks of the St. Lawrence. The coincidence of the name, with precisely the same orthography, existing in Europe nearly 200 years previous to the arrival of Champlain is at all events curious. La Potherie derives it from an exclamation of B4mie Normans who accompanied Jacques Cartier ; their attention being arrested as they turned Point Levi by the promontory of Cape Diamond, they: cried out involuntarily <* Quel hec ! " and which name, he says^ the place retained. The Hur(m name is Tia-ton-ta-fili which signifies the place of a strait. :tf?' ami^ ,-/;;;■.. r . a. WOLrE. -, - ■' ■ Major General James Wolfe, the son of Lieut. General Edward Wolfe, was bom at Westerham in Kent on the 2nd of January, 1727. Having enter- ed the army at a veiy early age he speedily develo- ;^d those shining military talents by which he rapidly rose in the profession which he adorned with many noble qualities. In the German war he greatly distinguished himself, and at the siege and capture of the strongly fortified town of Louisbourg ill Cape Breton in 1758, he attracted so much atten- tion by his skill and bravery that Mr. Pitt confided to him the command of the important expedition against Quebec in the fbliowingyear. The early close of his career in that gloiious but fatal campdgn has already been described. The eulogium with which his memory has been honored by bis contemporary, SnoUett| may no doubt be considered as faithftfl as I HISTORICAL SKETCH. 37 it is ably drawn. It is in these words. " He inhe- " rited tiom nature an animating fervor of sentiment, " an intuitive perception, nn extensive capacity, and " a passion for glory, which stimulated him to ac- " quire eveiy species of military knowledge that " study could comprehend, that actual service couli\ " illustrate and confirm. This noble warmth ot « disposition seldom fails to call forth and unfold the « liberal virtues of the soul. Brave above all esti- " mation of danger, he was also generous, gentle, " complacent, and humane : the pattern of the ofli- " cer, the darling of the soldier : there was a subli- « mity in his genius which soared above the pitch of " ordinary minds ; and had his faculties been exer- « cised to their full extent by opportunity and action, " had his judgment been fully matured by age and « experience, he would, without doubt, have rivalled « in reputation the most celebrated Captains of anti- The peculiar sensibility with which he regarded the opinion of his country, and which was displayed so strongly in the illness resulting from his defeat at Montmorenci, leaves us but little cause for sui-prise at the following anecdote, although it serves to de« velope a new feature in his character — a keen appre-? ciation of the gentle art of poetry but rare in a soldier, upon whose ear the voice of the muse but seldom falls amid the bustle of the camp. * The late Professor Robinson, of Edinburgh, at that time a Midshipman in the Royal Navy, happened to be on duty in the boat in which General Wolfe went to visit some of his posts the night before the battle. The evening was fine, and the scene, considering the work they were engaged in, and the morning to which they were looking forward, was sufficiently • 1 I" i iiiii I 38 HItTORICAL SKETCH. imprcuiYe. As they rowed alons, the General, with much feeling, repeated nearly tne whole of Grav's Elegy, which had recently appeared, and was but little known, to an officer who sat with him in the item of the boat, adding as he concluded, ** that he would iirefcr being the author of that noem to the glory of beating the French to-moiTOW." On his return from Quebec he was lo have been married to a most amiable and accomplished lady, Catherine, daughter of Robert Lowther, Esquire, of Westmoreland, formerly Governor of Barbadoes. Six year» after the death of Wolfe she became the wife of the last Duke of Bolton, and died in 1809. ' His remains were conveyed to England in iha J^yd William, of 84 guns, and were landed at Poitsmouth on the 17th IMovember in a tweh'e oared barge in sad and silent pomp, interrupted only by the firing of minute guns from the ships at Spithead. Military hoiiois were also paid on shore, till the procession passed through the city on its way to Greenwich, where the body was interred jon the 30th November. A very beautiful monument was erec- ted in Westminster Abbey, in which his death and the attendant circumstances are delineated in a style worthy of the subject. It is marked by the follow- ing inscription. To the memory of ^'^^ ^ James Wolfk, Major Gereral and Comtnander.in-CMef Of the British Land Forces, ^ On an expedition against Quebec ; €t?^* Who having surmounted, --mrmpj^M By ability and valour, All obstacles of ait and nature, ^ , . . ■.'3' ! I HIlTOIUOAl SKKTCH. 39 al, with Grav's was but n in the that he a to the ve been led lady, quire, of irhadoes. :amo the 1809. ' d in tM Anded at Ive oared only by Spithead. , till the ,s way to 1 the 30th was erec- leath and in a style )e follow* IhieC Wa« slain in the moment of victoryi ^ \. > On the 13th of September, 1759. The King and Parliament of Great Britain ^.^ Dedicated this monument. . . * t Another monument, of a more simple and unpretend- ing character was erected in his native parish of VVesterham. ■is: j;.'/ S. MONTCALM. )... •'ri', Lewis Joseph de St. Veran, Marquis de Montcalm was bom at Candiac in 1712. He entered the army at the age of fourteen and after a service of seventeen years was appointed colonel of the Auxerrais regiment in 1743. The campaigns in Italy and Germany gave him an oppoitunity of d' laying on many occasions the military skiH, act and courage for which he was remark- ablb, diid which raised him in 1749 to the rank of Brigadier General. In 1756 he was created Marim chal-de-Camp and entrusted with the important command of the French forces in Canada, where h« fully sustained bis high reputation by the successful resistance he opposed for upwards of three years to the attacks of the English troops. His services were rewarded in 1758 by the rank of Lieut. General. In his last campaign in 1759 his skilful position at Beauport served as an important check to the de- signs of Wolfe, until the unexpected appearance of the latter on the Heights of Abraham withdrew Montcalm fiom his entrenchments. His death was causfd by a discharge fiom the only gun which the Knglish had been ahlt- to bring into the enxagement. He had been previously wounded by a musket shot. It is reported of him that when his wounds were II I r\ j^ 40 HISTORICAL SKETCH. il. dressed he requested the sufgeons i^ atteflflanci tnel Joseph Bouchette late Surveyor Geaerd of tlve PEovincfi of Lower Canada. « . i 1i f I r f^ ! ■}■■ ■■"ym'\ '^■Sf.': .f-- •..>f,'vt;-;'--: ip^Ff®mAffli[(D saiEir(DiE[, ^oaSi. Quebec, which exhibits the rare combination qf an almost impregnable fortress and an important commercial city, is not only remarkable for the beauty of its surrounding scenery but is in itself a very striking and picturesque object. As we ap- proach it from Montreal, its capacious Coves filled with the produce of the forest, which the numberless vessels floating on the bosom of the St. Lawrence are destined to convey to Europe — and the long line of habitations at the foot of the rock extending for several miles from the city thronged with the bu^y crowd who find in the staple trade of tbe country * their means to live ' — shew us at a glance one great source of its present importance, fiut these considerations vanish as we pass Wolfe's Cove and recall the eventful night when the gallant Wolfe, enfeebled by sickness, but inspired with the ardor of heroism, ascended with his band of daunt- less spirits those almost inaccessible heights now overgrown with shrubs and stunted trees* These H. •.^^*M^ ing 'k 1 VAKAIUMIC BXlBTCtt. li bination qf 1 impottAnt [)le for the s in itself a As we ap- Coves filled » numberless awvence are long line of (tending for Uh the buiy the country a glance ;ance. But ass Wolfe's 1 the gallant ed with the nd of daunt- leights now ees. These reflections hare scarcely been made when we ap- proach the noble rock of Cape Diamond whick rises up before us in rugged magnificence, surmount- ed by fortifications which nearly overhang the narrow street at the base, and whose perpendicular strength would seem to * lau^h a siege to scorn.' The officers' barracks at the edge uf the precipice, while they add to the height of the fortification serve to mark its features mnre strongly, and arrest the eye till the standard of Ens^Iand floating at (he flag-staff appears in sis^ht : and the Upper Town, with its dome and steeples, its tin roofs, and terrace, seated on the giddy height, gradually reveals itself. The lovely bay opens before us like a lake, while the dark forms of the woody mountains to the north serve as a magnificent background to the picture. On landing in the Lower Town — the commercial quarter of the city — as the stranger treads its crowd- ed wharves and observes the hustle of its streets, it cannot be uninteresting to him to learn that thii portion of the city ha<; been almost wholly res(^u4d from the dominion of the St. Lawrence, whoie waters, in the time of Chanplain.washed the foot of the rock on which the Upper Town is built. Hav- ing surmounted the stefp and sinuous Mountain Street which communicates with the Upper- Town through Prescott Gate, the firs anxiety of the stran* ger will doubtless be to avail himself of the eminence on which he is placed to obtain a view of the noMe P 1 n M rANORAMIC SICTCR. pioipect U commands. It has long been admitted by Europeans that the Bay of Quebec, unequalled in America, rivals in picturesqac beaety the most cele- brated in Europe. It is true that the expanse of •ctan is wanting to crown the scene with its subli- mity, but this want is more than compensated by the greater diversity of scenery around Quebec, blending together in the most exquisite harmony to form a whole on which the eye re»ts with untiring satisfac* tion, and in which the most vivid imaginatien cah hardly suggest any change to enhance the beauty of the picture. There are numberless points froin which a view may be taken of this matchless scene. The Platform or Durham Terrace— the Public Garden — the Glacis — the Citadel are among the most prominent and ready of access, and each pre- sents some novel combination to the spectator. But the visitor who desires to command at one view the entire prospect will not neglect to avail himself of the oppo tunity of ascending the steeple of either the English or French Cathedral. From this position he yifill not only enjoy the advantage of viewing atj his feet the city and its line of fortification, but may I bring within his glance the whole of the extended prospect which lies before him like a panorama, wibroken on every side but the south, where the rock of Cape Diamond and its works which command the city form the only interruption to the view. Thc| parlous objects of attraction which compose the pic- y\-:''':i.- PANORAMIC SKETCH. 51 admitled quailed in nost cele- xpanse of its MbVt- ted by the Cblending to fotm a ig satisfac- ination cah B beauty of joints from [iless scene, the Public among the a each pre- jtator. But me view the il himself of )le of either this position I f viewing at on, but may ! he extended a panorama,! here the rock lommaadthel view. The] ipose the pic- ture — the majestic St. Lawrence flowing b^tweea the fortified rock of Quebec and the pictiiresque heights of Point Levi — the beautiful harbor, whieh at a distance of 360 miles from the ocean affords ^ ample room and verge enough' for the whole of the British Navy — the graceful shores of the Island of Orleans, dividing the river into the north and soutft channel and sheltering the bay on the east — the serpentine course of the little river St. Charles through the feilile valley, and the range of darkly wooded mountains which close the view en the north — have been so minutely described by the late Surveyor General Bouchette in his admirable work on the statistics of Canada that we gladly transfer te our pages the following extract : — " The summer scenery of the environs of Quebec may vie in exquisite beautr, variety, magnificence, sablimityi and the naturally harmonized combination of all these prominent featuies, with the most splendid that has yet been portrayed in Europe, or any ether pai-t of the world. Towards Beauport, Charle- bourg, and Lorette, the view is diversified vntk every trait that can render a landscape rich, full, and complete ; the foreground shows the River St. Charles roeaudeviug for many miles through a rich and fertile valley, embellished by a succession of objects that diffuses an unrivalled aiums^on over the I whole scene. The three villages, with their rei- pectiye churches, and many handsome detached I !i M m rXKORAMlC SKETCH. BoQtet in the vicinity, seated on gently rising emi- nences, form so many distinct points of viev ; the intervals between them display many of the most strongly marked specimens of forest scenery, and •the surrounding country every where an appearance of fertility and good cullivation,npon which the eye of the spectator wanders with.ceaseless delight. As the prospect recedes it is still interesting, the land rising in giadalion, height over height, having the interval between succeeding elevations filled up with primeval forests, until the whole is terminatea by a stupendous ridge of mountains, whose lolty forms are dimly seen through the serial expanse. The sense of virion is gratified to the utmost, and the spectator never fails to turn with regret from the contemplation of what is allowed to bo oneot the most superb views in nature. '«§*'<< '** « Nor is it on this side only that the attention is arrested ; for turning tow< rds the basin, which is about two miles across, a scene presents itself that U not the less gratifying for being made a secondary one ; it is enlivened by the ever changing variety of ships coming up to and leaving the port. On the right hand. Point L6vi, with its church and group of white houses, several other promontories on the same shore clothed with lofty trees ; and the busy animatioa attendant on the constant arrival and de- parture of ferry-boats ; in front, the western' end of l^^beautiful and picturesque Island of Orleans, I iti fAROlUMlC SKETCH. displaying charming and well cultivated slopes down almost to the water's edge, backed by lofty and thick woods, and every where decorated with neat farm- bouses, present altogether an interesting and agree- able subject to the observer. In fine still weather^ the mirage, or refiects of the different objects around the margin, in all their variety of coloring, are thrown acioss the iinrufHed surface of the water with an almost incredible brilliance. On the Plains of Abraham, from the precipice that overlooks the tim- ber grounds, where an incessant round of activity prevails, the St. Lawrence is seen rolling its majes- tic wave, studded with many a sail, from the stately ship down to the humble fishing boat *, the opposite bank, extending up the river, is highly cultivated| and the houses, thickly strewed by the main road, fiom this height and distance, have the appearance of an almost uninterrupted village, as far as the eye can reach in that direction. The country to the southward rises by a very gentle ascent, and the whole view, which is richly embellished by alteraa- tionsof water, woodland and cultivation, is bounded by remote and lofty mountains, softening shade by shikde until they melt into air. Whoever views the environs of Quebec, with a mind and taste capable of receiving impressions through the medium of the eyes, will acknowledge, that as a whole, the pros- pect is grand, harmonious, and magnificent ; and that, if taken in detaiU every part o( it will !| Mill : i in m f , i i :ri ;■) y'W^* t rANoRAMIC SKETCH. please, by a gradual unfolding oi its picturesque beauties." ' ' ^ The spectator to whom the history of Quebec is familiar, while he gazes on the prospect so glowing- ly described in the above extract, will not fail to recall the associations with which the scenes before him are invested. As he looks down from the brist^ ling ramparts he will remember that or five distinct occasions they have undergone the ordeal of a regu- lar siege, and the calmness of the scene been invaded by the * dieadful note of preparation.' The eventful campaign of Wolfe will recur to the imagination of the spectator, who may embrace at a glance the dififer- positioas in which the first operations of the con- tending armies were carried on. On the heights of Beauport may be observed the site of Montcalm's forces who opposed so successful a resistance to the firet attack of Wolfe, and on the western extremity ef the Island of Orleans and the heights of Point Levi the other positions of the respective forces at (he opening of the campaign. But turning from these reminiscences to contemplate the peaceful beauties of the bay during the season of navigation, how delightful is the prospect which commerce spreads before us ! The arri^ al of vessels in the spring and fall forms an enchanting picture, more especially when the prevalence of contrary winds has caused their detention below, and the sudden change to an easterly breeze brings them into the VV: i\ l>AKOKAMIC SKETCH. 55 harbor in fleets at a time. Well may Mre on such occasions admire the sagacity while we felicitate the good fortune of the adventurous settlers to whom Quebec is indebted for its origin, nor can we omit to contrast its present appearance with that which it must have presented to their eyes, when the forest covered the rockj* heights which are crowned in our day with one of the most noble and picturesque fortifications in the world. As the spec- tator carries his view to the dark and undulating forms of the mountain range which, from the misty Cap Tourment m the east to the Bonhomme moun- tain in the west, forms an irregular crescent about forty miles in length, a striking peculiarity in the position of this city is presented to his mind. This range may be regarded as the barrier which separates Quebec from the vast region of forest to the north, « where things that own not man's dominion dwell,' and through which the foot of the Indian alone finds an uncertain passage. Situated thus on the very verge of civilization the interest v/ith which it is regarded will naturally increase as we indulge these reflections. - . — -...., ,. ,„.,.,,„, The best view of the Citadel and Upper Town is presented from the heights of Point Levi which, for that purpose alone, aflbrds suflicient inducement to the stranger to visit it, however short his stay may be. From this point the Cape and its Fortress, the Monument to Wolfe and Montcalm, the spires of the HI HI W' PAM0il4MIC SKETCH. i 1 several churches dnd dome of the House of Assembly present themselves in regular succession, while the bay expands to the right and the river to the left swells into the capacious coves which lie below the plains of Abraham, near which the first of the range ofMartello Towers is discernible. Another view altogether different is afforded from the Beauport road which conducts to the Falls of Montmorenci. This embraces the extended suburbs of St. John and St. Louis, separated from the walls of the city by the glacis. ' - , ' ' The winter view from Quebec is not without at- traction, though of a different nature, and to a Eu- ropean particularly will prove novel and interesting. Soon after the commencement of winter the bay and north channel are frozen over and routes arc formed on the ice to Montmorenci, the island of Orleans and the parishes on the northern shore. The river opposite the city is but seldom frozen over in consequence of the force of the current and rise of the tide. During the two winters just passed, how- ever, an ice bridge was formed between the city and Point Levi, an event which had not previously occurred since the winter of 1837. On some occa- sions the bridge is composed of the large masses of floating ice which are carried about by the tides, and which when thus airested in their course afford no other advantage beyond the means of transit to the opposite shore. But the rare :l1 r PANORAMIC SKETCH. m occasions on which the intensity of the frost causes the bridge to < take' in one clear and crystal sheet are hailed by the inhabitants as & species of gala. The luxury of driving on this smooth and level causeway is not the only attract) sn to the ice; races, trotting matches and numberless Lee boats di. versify the scene and lend it unusual animation^ when viewed from the high banks of the river on either side. -** . 'Wi'^-fmi^.W.ynuvi ■'yds '^ii'l^ ar-ijM I vm'. 0f j'^it iyj-^tjU ;i-f ■imj ■'^/t:'. •pU'^u fi^}^ ^XW^ *^% ••it ti^Jf 1 -S^iS nm W *M ,«{■ I ; ?tf w. a* «. 1^ *;r'«f K-- • • fc k^- « V « & ' ;'H \n i i L . L y, -hi ■ \ t ^ 1 *, . ; S i i j •■ 'I ijr ■1!^ n':^'^Ar:- nr*}h^ i~i.' iH^Z .^J'^K.j-n^i ,■?,)'.; '•'.-ivii >• ~ '^f*rrnl' "^Jf^' Jh t^imti ■■■■ IJ US'. ! '»^i WIHIE (EHinro :..ri%y? Sp^WS^W;.''* ir -Jf-vi jvj;.: It is not an unfrequent complaint among strangers who tread for the fiist time ttvf narrow and hilly streets of Quebec that the ideas which itfi first ap- pearance had inspired are far from realized, and apart from its fortifications and scenic attributes it contains but little to gratify the curiosity of visitors. But a more than casual survey dispels this illusion and reveals some distinguishing features in this city which invest it with no little interest. We are re- minded on every side by the appearance of the principal buildings, the roughly paved streets and narrow trottoirs, of the French origin of the early settlers, who raised in this capita] of the oldest American colony the several extensive structures of a religious and charitable order which occupy at the present day so considerable a portion of the upper town. As these buildings present themselves in striking contrast with the more modern erections of ,\v ^wfT',"!" THE CITV. 59 Koglish architecture, the palpable indications afiord* ed by the personal peculiarities of the habittms are scarcely wanting to remind the stranger of the unioa of races distinct in language, religion and habits^ who in spite of all that is said of their political pre- dilections mingle together in the every day scenes of life with commendable harmony. Quebec is naturally divided into the Upper and Lower Towns. The former comprises that portioa which lies within the fortifications and contains nearly all the principal buildings of ancient ot modem erection — the military edifices, public offices and government builaings, together with the lesi* dences of the principal inhabitants and the important ecclesiastical establishments erected by the French colonists. The Lower Town, as its position denotes^ is the commercial quarter, and comprises within iti crowded space the Exchange, Custom House, BankSy mercantile offices and other buildings in which the important commercial business of this city is carried on. On the south the Lower Town is connected by Champlain Street with the several coves in which the lumber is deposited for exportation, while on the north west it is joined by the Parish of St. Rochs, the most populous suburb of Quebec which I lies in the opening of the valley of the St. Charles between the southern bank of that river and the I high ridge on which the Upper Town is placed. I The suburbs of St. John and St. Louis extend akmg '! I S ■«va ■ iii h m TliC CITY. ! !■ :1 the ridge which overlooks St. Rochs, and communi- cate with the Upper Town through the gates which bear their respective names. '" The line of fortifications enclosing the Upper Town and the Citadel on Cape Diamond is about two miles and three quarters in extent. From the southern point of the Citadel, directly opposite the St. Lawrence, to the Artillery Barracks — nearly two thirds of the whole line — the fortifications con- sist of a massive and handsome wall erected on the perpendicular reck, protected by several batteiiei of various strength placed at intervals along the wall, the most formiddble being known as the grand battery immediately in the rear of the House of Assembly and Seminary Garden. This consists of a line of thirty-two pounders which command the basin. The height of this rock, which presents so inaccessible a barrier as to demand but little aid from art, is 345 feet at Cape Diamond above the level of the river. A rather sudden declination from the glacis to Durham Terrace reduces its height at the latter about 115 feet, and a gradual descent takes ] place from that point to the rtoithern extremity of the wall where it exhibits a perpendicular elevation of nearly 100 feet. The western side of the city, ttom the Artillery Barracks to the southern angle of the Cape, is entirely deficient in that natural strength i 80 fully developed in the rest of the line, and its weakness has therefore been coyeiftd by a cpmbioa- M. ll THE ClTt. 61 (ion of regular works consisting of ramparts, bastionsi^ ditch and glacis. These are further strengthened by outworks which render the approaches to St. Louis Gate and St. John Gate exceedingly hazardous. Formidable batteries also protect this poiUon of the works '•;-"- §.li-'- S ? ; ji^-.v^;' ■« I '^tfsr,' >v-i..'i.4',.i." *e^>i4•ii(t*^/l*"•*>•.Jii:i:f¥': The approaches to the city through the fortified wall just desciibed are afforded by five gates. The two alluded to above afford ingress from their res- pective suburbs on a line with the Upper Town. Three others communicate with the Lower Town anil Suburb of St.Rochs — Prescott, Hope and Palace Gates which are well protected by batteries and loop-holes for musketry ; Prescott Gate, at the head of mountain Street, supplies the most gcneraf line of communication bi'tween the Upper and Lower Town. Visitors in summer are invariably conducted through this gate which possesses nothing very prepossessing in its style, being the least elegant of the approaches to the city. A guard house is attached to each and a sergeant's guard Ht present stationed there. In order to strengthen the defences of the city on the west four Martello Towers were erected on the plains of Ab'-^ham. They extend from the St. I Lawrence to the Coteau Ste. Genev'eve at irregular distances from each oiher of from 500 to 600 yards and about three fourths of a mile from the city. I Their construction is such that they could be readily demolished by the guns from the walls, should such k, ^ . 1 II ii ).' ! f^Km' THE CITY. a step be rendered necessary by their falling into the hands of tm enemy, but on the opposite side (heir construction is exceedingly solid, and the plat- form on the top, which is usually covered, is fur- nished with guns of heavy calibre. The height of these Towers is about forty feet. *^ The noble foilresson Cape Diamond is invariably one of the first objects of inspection with strangers. Respectable visitors can procure tickets of admission at the office of the Town Major, without which it is impossible to obtain access to it. Since the recent unfortunate disturbances in the province the inspec* tion of the citadel is only permitted under certain restrictions which did not previously exist, The works which are of a very elaborate character sur- prise us at once by the strength and beauty of their construction. They have not yet arrived at a stale VI completion, although so many years have elapsed since the conquest. We do not pretend to offer here any detailed description of the works ; let it suffice to say that the citadel contains within its area, which covers about forty acres, ample accommodation for the garrison^ and materials of war, and is calculated to afford an asylum for the inhabitants and their pro- perty should necessity require it. The officers' Bar- racks which overlook the river, are built of cut ^tone, and are very spacious and comfortable in theii^ conttruction. Near them is the Telegraph which is worked in communication with one on the Island THE CITT. 63 of Orleans that announces the arrival of vessel? from sea. At a short distance from the barracks an inclined plane nearly five hundred feet in length was constructed for the purpose of raising from the Lower Town the stone required in the works of the citadel. On each side was a footway of nearly six hundred steps to which hand rails were attached for the use of the workmen employed in this service. This communication was taken away on the occa- sion of the recent outbreak and sufficient vestige of it alone remains to indicate the spot from the foot of the rock. The regular approach to the citadel commences near St. Louis Gate, and after pass- ing through the winding avenue of the outwrrks iho visitor is conducted through Dalhousie gate into the inteiior square of the fortress. This handsome gate is situated within a bastion of admirable construction that extends along the two sides of the citadel which have not the natural strength of the perpendicular rock for their protection. Within this bastion are I the barracks for the troops, and at the north side of / the square is a building recently erected as a gaol [for military offenders. The Monument to the memory of Wolfe and iMontealm in the Public Garden adjoining Des Car- rieres Street was erected in 1828 at the suggestion and under the auspices of the Earl of Dalhousie^ [the Governor-in-Chief. The expcnpe was defrayed ^if-\ ^.'« Mf--'if J'SiJr r. W ■*i''i .;;--ti->''-i'«;'.! 'i'ii.f 'Jfti^- il .i' I -i-li : I 1 ■;| 1 *| .:1 -1 .'i ■1 I 1 1 ii- lil 1 ^ PH«ai H" li. I i i 1 1'- H I i I 64 THE CITT. by a general subscription of the citizens, to wliich His Excellency made a liberal contribution. The lapse of nearly seventy years since the conquest without the erection of a monumental tribute to the memory of Wolfe — in the city which he identified with his fame — does not readily admit of e>plana- tion, but in raising this tardy tribute to the rival heroes it must be admitted that the feeling which dictated its dedication to both generals is highly worthy of admiration, The ceremony of layingthe first stone took place on the 15th November 1827, and the interest of the scene was not a litt e en- hanced by the presence of the venerable Mr. Thomp- son, who had fought by the side of Wolfe, and who I now, at the patriarchal age of 95, : an active part in the ceremony, intended to commemorate hit triumphs. The plan of the Monument was adopted from the cesign of Captain Young, 79th Highlanders, and the classical elegance of its a; pearancc musthel allowed to be highly creditable to the taste of that! gentleman. The situation is also well chosen and} renders this chaste column a conspicuous object froraj the river. Its proportions are as follows : — The height! of the basement from the ground is thirteen feet. The sarcopha^s supported by the basement rises seveo feet, three inches above it. The height of thel column is forty-two feet, eight inches and that oi the apex two feet, one inch— shewing an altitudel from the ground to the apex, of sixty-five feet. a| I Ui THE OITY. the base of the column the sides are six feet, by four feet eight inches and gradually taper to the apex where they are three tcet two inches, by twa feet five inches, ^.titwiitAg^. ;». ..,m^aim^.^^m^i The southern sideof theMonumentjlooWngtowarffli the river, bears the name of " Wolfe," while the opposite one is inscribed with that of " Montcalm." On the front is the fol. owing inscription, which was written by J. Charlton Fisher, Esquire, L. L- 1> and was honored with the prize medal : :^ ^^ MORTEM. VIRTVS. COMMVNEM. 3 \.^^ FA MAM. HISTORIA. rSl MONVMENTVM. POSTKRITAS. • ^fWf^.\_:\.>i DEDIT. '" .^ Beneath this is another inscription, slightly attere^ from that upon the plate which was deposited with the foundation stone. It is as follows :. : . . i '" r V HUJUSCE . ''I'W' 4 "' ^Pt MoMHtRnrtm viitoRUM iLLusTimrtr araiiioRiAM, ■ WOLFE ET MONTCALM, \ FUNDAMENTUM P. C. 4 GEORGIVS COMES DE DALHOVSIE fi^l IN SEPTENTRIONALIS AMERICiE PARTIBUS ,|J|;^ AD BRITANNOS PERTINENTIBU8 r ' ' : SUMMAM RERUM ADMINISTRANS J '/^^^* OPUS PER MULT08 ANNOS PRiETERMISSUM, ^^^1 QUID DUCI EGREGIO CONVEMIENTIUS ? drbffH^ AUCTORITATE PROMOVENS, EXEMPLO STIMULAKS, , MUNIFICENTIA FOVENS. • A. S. MDCCCXXVII. ' GCO&GIO IV. BRITAMJNJAKUM RKGE. ' ^r K ■ * ^^'■M-' ' . -i i • ■t :t li I ii^ ' ' 66 THt ClTf . t; !| In a niche at the corner of John and Palace Stree(«i, opposite the Albion Hotel, is a small wooden sta- tue of Wolfe which has the traditional reputation of bein{^ a likeness. It is painted in the military dress of that hero, and was placed there many years since by the loyal occupier of the house, at that time a tavern . This diminutire statue is only remarkable from the local interest that attaches to it. On a recent visit of one of Her Majesty'^ ships of war an abduction of this singular figure was planned and executed by some young gentlemen on board, who treated ^ the general' to a trip to Bermuda and res- tored him soon after to his old quarters rather the worse for wear. ,„..;4.»v,a>v., -.^.j^f,..,- '•' ^m Amy The Public Garden was formerly attached to the garden of the Chateau from which it is divided by Des Carrieres Street. Here in the summer the mi- litary bands amuse the citizens at regular intervas. In the Chateau garden which extends along the wall froin the foot of the Glacis to the Terrace a small battery is placed which commands the river. It is called Wolfe's Battery and consists at present of eight guns of different calibre. The length of this garden is one hundred and eighty yards with a breadth of seventy at its widest part. - - ^^ Durham Terrace was erected in 1838 by the no- bleman whose name it bears as a place of public pro- mcnadc. It is a bandsoinc platform of wood, with an i! if I TnS CITY. 07 Ce Street", ooden sta- putation of litary drew yean since that time a remarkable it. On a s of war an lanned and board, who id a and res- s rather the ached to the is divided by imer the mi- lar intervas. ong the wall rrace a small river. It is it present of [ngth of this rards with a iron railing which protects it at the edge of the cliflfy at the foot of which is visible the principal portion of ihe Lower Town. The view of the harbor which is here disclosed renders this the most delightful pro- menade in the city, where.it would have been difficult to have selected a more eligible spot for the purpose. It is constructed on the site of the Castle of St.Louis which was destroyed by fire in January 1834. This handsome stone edifice was one of the most interest- ing buildings in the city, as regards the position it occupied, and its having been for years the residence of the Governox-iu- Chief. This spot was selected by Champlain for the erection of a Fort in the early stage of the colony when it was found requisite to provide for the settlers a security against the at- tacks of the hostile natives of the soil. The works which were raised at this time, though ample for the purpose intended, were sufficiently rude, con- sisting of ramparts of wood filled up with earth ex- tending towards the Place d'Armes. As the colony progressed in importance these defensive worka were replaced by others, and buildings erected on a I more extended scale enclosing within the limits of the Fort the residence of the French Governor which received the appellation of the Chstteauof St Louis. Here on the transfer of the Proviuce to En- gland the British Viceroys continued to administer the government until the close of the last century, ■ ': f Wyii|g- ^ iij4^ '■ 68 TOE CITY. !^ •■ ■"■ i h s ■ .1' ;i ^ II i I \ ■ i.ii ■ M ::' t •n I I I f when it wa» found necessary to erect as a residence for the Governor the building which now occupies the east side of the Place d'Armes. In 1809, however, during the administration of General Sir James Henry Crsig, the Castle being thoroughly repaired and a third story added became once more the vice regal abode. The plate, to which we refer the reader, re- presents its appearance previous to the fire to which it fell a prey. Near the old Chateau, as it has been termed since the restoration of the Castle in 1809, on the north tfide of the square is a small but neat Guard-House and immediately in the rear the gar- rison Riding-School. i*'^>'-'^'-'-'?^i" yy^ ■'M^Virsii:^ > The Place d'A^MfEs, which adjoins the site of the Castle, is an open square with a circular turf in the centre enclosed by chains. Before the re ■ cent removal of the seat of governirent from Quebecj this was considered the court end of the city, and in the accurate winter view of it which the plate affords it assumes a very animated aspect from the presence of the Quebec Driving Club, who make this sqjare their usual starting place. The English Cathedra!,, the Court House and eastern extremity of St. Louia Street fill up the back gruund. - The Esplanade, which lies below the rarrtparts between St. Louis and St. John's Gate, is a level green enclosod by a wooden fence, extending tvvc hundred and seventy three yards with an average ' yjfJHjFt^;; THE CITY. 69 breadth of eighty yards, except at the St. Ursula bastion where it increases to one hundred and twen- ty. In summer the different guards required for the city are mounted here every morning ; it has long been the usual parade ground for the troops and is used for the annual muster of the militia. The citizens findhere an excellent place of promenade in fine wes - therand have occasionally the enjoyment of listening to the military bands whichpeiform at intervals either here or at the Public Garden. At a short distance from St. Louis Gate at the foot of the rampart is a powder magazine enclosed by a stone wall. The ad- joining ramparts, which afford an uninterrupted walk from the Citadel to the Artillery Barracks passing over St, Louis and St. John's Gates, are well de- serving of a visit from the stranger. As he descends towards the latter gate the view opens before bim of the beautiful valley of ibe St. Charles which takes its serpentine course between richly cultivated farms until it joins the St. Lawren««. This scene is rich, attractive and full of variety. The white cottages and spire of the village of Charlebourgon the rising ground in the distance sparkle in the rays of the sun, while in the immediate vicinity the attention is ar- rested by the crowded suburb of St. Roch which extends itself at the feet of the spectator. The Ma- rine and General Hospitali^, situated at the outskirts of the suburb, occupy a detached and conspicuous I 11^ M- I i'i !l; Mi i-f ^ if . ! ,i J'' : ', m :i^: ii H 1 ! ' ■ > !' ■ ^.'^w^m^^'^^'S^^mfW*^ 70 THE cixy. position and are the only buildings upon which the eye rests with any interest . In Buade Street near the steps leading from Pres- cott Gi^te is Ficemasons' Hall, a building which has not for some years been devoted to the uses of that association. It is not otherwise remarkable than Irom its having over the doorway the followJng in- scription below the stone figure of a dog gnawing a bone, which from its being gilt has obtained the name of Le Chicn cfOu . ' vL ; ^ ^^ ;- v*, , Je SVIS VN ChIEN QVl RONGE l'oS. En le rongeant je prend mon repos. Vn tems viendra qvi nest pas VENV w QVE JE mordray qvi mavrt mordv. i As considerable local interest is attached to this relic, we transcribe the following account which has been given of its origin. « Mr* Philibert was a merchant of Quebec, during the time that this country was under the French Government. Mr. Begon was at the head of the Financial Department in Canada ; and he had so conducted the fiscal a/fairs of Canada, or rather of France in respect of Canada, that one of the Queens of that chivalrous kingdom asked her husband, whe- ther the walls of Quebec were made of gold ? Mr. Philibert and Mr. Begon did not agree. The former had not the mean* or the power to have \m THX CITY. 71 *h lich the om Pres- vbich has ;so( that :able than lowing in- gnawing a I the name -1-7 ' hed to this t which has C-An. ibec, during Lhe French lead of the he had so )K rather of the Queens iband, whe- )\d 1 Mr. riee. Th« [to have his complaints heard and redressed. He was therefore obliged, instead of preferring them in the shape of an indictment or an impeachment, to write them in tbe covert language, which is placed under the dog, as his motto . This was too much for tyranny. Mr. Phi- libcrt,when descending the Lower Town Hill, receiv- ed the sword of Mr. De R , an officer of the garri- son, through his back, and the murderer was per- mitted quietly to depart to the East Indies. The biolher of Mu Philibert receiving intelligence of this mournful event, came from France to Canada If to settle his brother's estate, and to avenge his blood. IJHaving arranged the former, he pursued Mr. De ]R to Pondicherry, where they met in the itreet, instantly drew theirswords, fought upon the spot, ai\d the assassin was slain." In the general appearance of the Upper Town lany deficiencies are exhibited which are seldom ob- irved in a city of the extent and importance of Que- :c. It is to be hoped,however, that im^irovements too )ng withheld will soon redeem it from the prejudi- iil remarks of strangers, the disposition of the pie- 'nt Municipal Authorities being evidently bent on le attainment of so desirable an object. — le irregularity of the streets is chiefly owing to le extent of the site occupied by the old ecclesias- al buildings which with their spacious gardens igross so large a portion of the city. This affects » I ; I i A n THE CITY. V \. in no slight degree the elegance of its appearance while the comfort of the inhabitants is further in- fringed upon by the narrow uneven trottoirs and roughj angular pavement. The latter has in a few streets been superseded by wooden blocks which have been introduced with much success . The pro* jecting door steps, too, which offered so serious an im- pediment to the pedsstrian and deformed the gene- ral aspect of the city, have recently disappeared. But the greatest defect is the absence of some res- pectable mode of lighting the streets as it must^ h admitted that the street-lamps which have lately i been introduced have as little claim to utility as or- nament. The citizens of the ancient capital of Ca- nada will ere long, we tnist, enjoy the advantages! to be derived from the introduction of gas, whichj has for some years been in use in the city of Mon- treal. *■ ■■ ' '■-• ' - " ■ ■■■ - -A-^'O-.v..,-,,, The Lower Town consists of a narrow strip of land! extending from Diamond Harbour to the suburb ofj St. Koch and possesses no object of particular at-j traction to slrangei-s. A good deal of interest, howj ever, is inspired by the position it occupies whirli has been won in a great measure from the waves i the St. Lawrence and still further enlarged by th<| excavation of the rock. The greatest breadth it ha attained is at Sous Ic Fort Street where the distand horn the rock to the water's edge Js only two hundre j ii ii !■ -i>;?i5r,-^;*^'*'-^V- ■ ■i.*." ■ THK CITV. 73 ippeawnce futlher in- )ttoiTS and as in a few cks whioli The pro- rious an im- d the gene, aisappeared. )f some res- 5 itmust^te have lately I jtillty as or. capital of Ca- e advantages! f gas, wWchI city of Mon- strip of land llhe suburb oil particular at- Interest, how- upies whici the waves [arged hy th< breadth it l^i le the distant! two hundre and forty yards. This narrow space is attended by some inconvenience to commercial men as regards the situ- ation of the buildings, the Custom House in particu- lar being placed in a rather Inconvenient situation. A line of capacious and well constructed wharves ex- tends along the edge of the river, at which vessels of the largest burthen may discharge or receive their cargo. The great majority, however, of timber- ships aniving at the port of Quebec in ballast repair at once to the Ballast-Ground opposite to Wolfe's Cove, from which they proceed to the several coves where the lumber is deposited for exportation. These spacious inlets, so admirably adapted by nature for the reception of the timber, extend from Diamond Harbour for several miles along the northen bank of I the river. On the southern shore, also, there are sta- tions at which the produce of the forest is shipped for Europe. The most important of these is New Liver- Ipool five miles above Point Levi, and at the Etoh- linin Mills ab^ut a mile nearer. The wharves of the .ower Town and beaches at the mouth of the liver IM Charle;i exhibit also during the navigable sea- pn considerable quantities of lumber in readiness [or exportation. The most considerable wharf is the )vernment Wharf at the back of which fronting 'hamplain Street is an extensive stone building oc- iipied as the Commissaariat Store. At the opposite ide of the street is a small Guaid-House. Between / li! frFr/ 11 I 11 !l n THE CITY. this wharf and Napoleon Wharf lies (he Cut de Sac, a small open dock where ships of considerable tonnage can be laid aground to receive repairs, as it becomes dry at every tide. It is also used in the winter for schooners and other small vessels which are there protected from the ice. Its length is one hundred ami eighty yards with a depth of eighty. Immediately opposite the Government Store and the Custom House which adjoins it may be observed the vestiges of a melancholy calamity which occurred in the spring of i 1841. A large portion of the rock, carrying witfc^ it a pari of the fortified wall, descended upon the houses at the foot, eight of which were entirely overwhelm- ed by this fatal avalanche, no indication of danger | appearing to the unfortunate inmates in time to af- ford them the slightest warning. Twenty two per- 1 sons were rescued alive from the ruins, the greatest} exertions having been made to clear away the rub- bish for that purpose. The number of fatal casual-! ties on this occasion was thirty-three. The origin j of the eboulemenl is attributed to the overflowing of the drains in the spring after the frosts of the prece- ding winter. r:-^t..>%.i!ifP: il I'- ! I : i : ' -I il 11 1 I; : I It- .w fr. ■ '* I' / 11 I ! 'V U) 76 THS CITT. Charles with the St. Lawrence. Since the introduc- tion of the tint steamboat on the St. Lawrence by John Molson Esquire of Montreal in 1812 the communica- tion between that city and Quebec has gradually at- tained the celerity which it boasts at present. But a few years since the passage to Montreal was not accomplished under two days ; it is now made in the remarkably short space of twelve or fourteen houiSy while the passage to Quebec occupies some hours less, in consequence of the current setting in favor of the downward trip. The following list of the several steamers plying between these citing distinguishes those engaged as regular passage boats from the boats employed in towing. 'JM. .;>«.. ■.;.»■■(. i-'l Passage Boats, V^liJiflONTREAL, ■i Lord Sydenham, ft- i Tow Boats, Alliance, ^■;,^ Canada, - >.rs^4;jiv St. George, «r « *; North America, s^4i Charlevoix,;; a The Charlevoix has recently started in opposition reducing the Cabin passage from four to two dollars. / Two boats leave Quebec each day,the Mail Steam- er starting exactly at five o'clock and the other soon after. The competition which has recently existed has caused no little improvement in the general ar- rangement of these steamers. In point of speed) accommodation and cleanliness there is but little to ^e desired, and in regard to meals the time occu-j I***. :-^i./-,-f:.>., 1 ^ ..- "■■-. '■■j"j^':. .'.li^T^.fc '•WTF^'ff^'**"!"'"!""*" f U Tllfi CITY. 77 pied in the passage renders much attention to that point unnecessary. A small steamer — the St. Nicho- las — has been started this summer to run between Quebec and St. Nicholas on the south shore, to su- persede the horse-boat previously engaged in passing to that village. This boat leaves Quebc' twice daily. Aaangements have also been made for establishing a regular communication with the ports on the St. Lawrence below Quebec. The Al- iiancR, the Lady Colborne and the Pocahontas start from Quebec about once in each week, the two for- mer for Biviere du Loup and places in the route with occasional excursions to the Saguenay,while the Po- cahontas is also engaged in a weekly trip totheQuar- intine Station at Grosse Isle. Between the Lower Town and Point L6vi several small steamers are employed as ferry-boats this season. The preju- dices of the habitants in favor of horse-bouts have hitherto prevented the successful introduction of sleamerii, but the spirited efforts now making to set aside these clumsy and inelegant conveyances will meet we trust with due encouragement. The horse- boat is propelled by paddle wheels, the machinery of which is moved by the efforts of four horses that work in a circle round a capstan placed in the centre of the vessel. As the majority of the pas** sengers are in general Canadian farmers on thei*" way to, or returning from the markets, the deck of 'i'l; '.,t :S! ■i i: M i- .•^■;«- ?■♦»? •■»-v u7r!^M':;■■ ^1 1 fl I IT ! i! tti it , I ,1 '^ in R ■I; 1 % THE CITT. the boat exhibits occasionally a motley group In >vhich the eye of the itranger may detect much to interest or amuse him. Their vehicles and cattle are also taken on board and disembarked with facility, Small pilot boats are likewise used in crossing the river, and are constantly at hand for the purpose of conveyance. In the winter th« passage is impeded and rendered exceedingly hazardous by the masses of floating ice. The peculiar features of the transit at this season are thus minutely described by Bou- chette. ,■■.*.; ■■' ■■ , . .1 J r ■■j!:..i .J'J'jj.. •';:'.i-'^.-, I " In almost any weather they will cross in their ca- noes, which are large and \ ^-y strong, being made from the trunk of a tree, hollowed out, or more fre- 1 quently of two joined together, and firmly secured on the inside ; they are managed with great dexte-| rit}', and sometimes take as many as eight passen- gers, besides the three or four men who work ihem.l In the winter, when large masses of ice are floating up and down with the tide, and often, when there is| a strong breeze, impelled at the rate of three four knots an hour, this passage is singularly labot. ous, and to all appearance extremely hazardous, yell it is very rare that a fatal accident has happened;! in snow-storms, indeed, they have been frequently driven several leagues out of their course, eitherj above or below the town, without knowing where- abouts they were, but have always reached Iheirl place of destination sooner or later. It is not an| uncommon thing to see several of these large ca- noes, laden with provisions for the market, crossing! the river as nearly in a line as they are able to keep.l \ *• T THE CITV. 7t I The cargoes are generally secured by a stron<^ lash- jing; they are provided with strong polesj haying iron hooks at the end for grappling hold of the ice, and drag ropes. When large sheets of ice oppose Ihcir progress, (he men, by means of the poles and topes, which they employ with an uncommon abili- ty, get the canoe upon it, and by main force drag it perhaps fifty or sixty yards, or until they find a con- renient opening to launch it again among the smal- |ler fragments, and then, using their paddles, they ■proceed until they are intercepted by another flat, jipon which it is again hoisted as before, continuing Itliiis in toilsome succession across the river. Fre- fluently, while they are forcing it over a piece of bee, their slippery H)undation breaks beneath them ; ktthey mostly contrivt^lo skip nimbly into the ca~ toe, and evade the difficulty. Often in pursuing eir course through a narrow vein of water be- reen two enormous masses, they are suddenly clo- fd upon ; and, at the moment when the lould imagine the canoe "ould be ly the collision, tht>y skilfully contrive, by means [f their poles, to make the pressure of the two bo- lies act upon the lower part o£ their ves? and, ith a little assistance oi their own, heav upon he sui 'ace, over which it is pushed and dr. _ d as ifbre. i.,vv'-,^^ ::,;,,•.< ' ^" -':. 'They are amazingly stead) i this laborious work, od long habit seei^s to have expelled from their 3 every sense of danger. Thus t ployed, ey appear to be insensible to the severity of the bid; (hey are not encumbered with much clot ing, pch is as light and as warm as they are able to pro- Tf one of them happens to get an. unlucky stranger ground to atoms ' '■ ii If I! < I 1 ..js* IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I III 2.2 u U4 12.0 1.8 1-25 1.4 11.6 .« 6" ► Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. M580 (716) 172-4503 ,.<> :^ ^l^^ ^/^ ^' I' i i H^ §: «T-w i \ ! (, 80 THE CITY. plunge, he is extricated by his comrades as expe- ditiously as possible ; when a hearty coup de rum all round, with which ihey are never unprovided, is the usual remedy for such misfortunes. When they arrive at the landing before the market-place, some- times the tide is low, and the ice forming the solid border perhaps ten or twelve feet above them ; in this case they jump out as fast as they can, all but one man ; and while the rest are getting a iirm foot- ing above, he fasteus the dra^ rope to the fore part of the canoe, and immediately assisting hiscoiD-j rades, the whole is hauled up by main force out of the water, wh peiintendenee of their pastor. The building is of cut stone and of the Gothic order ; an accurate representation of the exterior is given ill tliO plate. The interior is neat and elegant ill its construction and commodious in its geue- ral arrangement. 8. WCSLEYAN CHAPEL. Tliis building was erected in 181 G. It is situated in St. Anne street nearly opposite the west end of the Gaol. Its construction is per- fectly plain. The interior affords ample ac- commodation to a numerous congregation. The society are united with the English Con- ference. A smaller chapel was built in 1830 in Champlain street for the convenience of sai- lors during the summer. There is also another in St. Louis suburbs called the *' Centenary Chapel." Three Sunday Schools are attached to these chapels and afford the means of in- struction to a great number of children. 9. L*ECLISE DE LA CONCRCQATION. There is nothing worthy of particular notice in this edifice, which is situated on the hill between i' i ( <^1 m I I Jl M 1 tif »2 THE cixr. St. Johns gate and the Esplanade. Its tin roof and spire are conspicuous above the ram- parts. The interior is without ornament. 10. ROMAN OATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE LOWER TOWN. This is one of the most ancient buildings in the city and is situated in the square or laarket place of the Lower Town. On the failure of the expedition under Sir Wm. Phipps in 1 600 this church was consecrated by the people to Notre Dame de la Victoire in gratitude for that event. The ill success of Admiral Walker m 1711, who abandoned his designs upon Quebec in consequence of the wreck of some of his vessels in the St. Lawrence, was regarded as a second victory by the inhabitants, who changed the name of this church to Notre Dame des Victoires. In the seige of 1759 it was reduced to ruins by the fire from the batteries at Point Levi. At this time it is said to have contain- ed c fine painting, representing a city in flames, with an inscription upon it to the following effect — " That in the year 1711 when Quebec was threatened with a siege, one of the Meligiema prognosticated that this Church and Lower To>vn would be destroyed by the British in a conflagration before the year 1760.*' This prophetic announcement, which is said to b« ""^ VERTOWN. THE CITY. 93 well aUested, made such an impression on the minds of the people of all ranks that they dedi- cated two days every year to fasting and wor- ship, imploring the intercession of their patro- I ness to protect the church from fire and sword. This edifice of late years has Ix'cn but little jused for public worship. Previous to the erec- tion of St. Patrick's Church it was devoted to I the use of the Irish Catholics. li. ST. ROCH'S CHURCH. This spacious building is a neat and substan- Itial edifice of grey stone, and possesses within very extensive accommodation to meet the wants of the populous suburb in which it stands. [With this view it was recently enlarged by a Iconsiderablc extension of its front and galle- Iries. The latter, of wliich there are two tiers lof equal dimensions, are fitted up with plain [but comfortable pews. There are several pain- |tings on the walls and in the Sacristy portraits of Pope Pius VII. and of the Roman Catholic [Bishop Plessis, to whose munificence this church ras much indebted. 1 . The Annunciation of the Angel Gabriel to the Hrgin Mary. Luke i. 2r— 38. — By Restout 2. The Holy Family. — By Colin dc Vermond, 3. The Resurrection of Our Saviour. — By Chalis, n II i «;^J i'ili HI ill i' f«-. 94 THE CITV. 4. St. Nicholas. — By Vignon. 5. St. Roch and a Virgin. — By Blanchard. The new front is of cut stone but not re- markable for tasto in its construction. Until recently it faced Cronni street, a wide and hand- some thorouglifare, from which, however, it is now concealed by a Nunnery which has just been erected. This building is intended for the j use of the Filles de la Congregation, who have | hitherto occupied a building in the Lower Town. They are the only sister-hood in this city wl^oi^el usefulness extends beyond the walls of their es- tablishment. They are at present six in number and devote themselves to education. The buildiiigl is of grey stone three stories in height with al plain but substantial exterior. It comprises! numerous apartments large and commodious inl their arrangement. 12. CHURCHES AT POINT LEVI. The French Church is chiefly deserving ofl notice from its prominent position at Point L^| vi. It is built in a neat and substantial style) and does not display in its internal decoration anything worthy of remark. ; : The English Church occupies a very pictuj resque position on the woody summit of PoiiiJ L^vi, immediately opposite the city. Its fioiij ^^T TUJC CITY. 95 faces the river and has a very pleasing effect when viewed at a distance. On nearer ap- proach it loses miieli of its interest, the building khis of wood and rather out of repair. 13. HOTEL DIEU. A very striking feature of the early coloniza- tion of Canada by the French will be found in the magnitude of the insti tutions for religious, edu- ational and charitable purposes erected in Que- lec. Formed on a scale far beyond the wants f the colonists at the period of their formation, heir advantages were not confined to the set- ers but were extended with a liberal hand to lie natives of the soil, who were led to parti- ipate in the benefits of religious instruction (Iministered by the pious uettlers both male and female. The Hotel Dieu was founded in 1637 by the uchess D'Aiguillon, under whose auspices veral nuns were sent from France to carry to effect her benevolent designs. Some years, lowever, elapsed before the erection of any iiildings on the present site, the Hospitalieres 1 the interim being obliged to avail themselves f temporary accommodation at different places, mong others a small house at Sillery vrhich as built for their use. In 1658 the lii'st creo- '. 1 ! I* 1 • ill I . ( cr Bi i f % THE CITY. thirt; of tli pert.y l»yoc conn< were ill tlu ilcrtal tion of a substantial nature took placcj and subsequent additions gradually acquired for it a more imposing appearance. But a few years previous to the conquest the whole range was consumed by fire, and the present extended pile soon after erected. The buildings consist of a Convent, Hospital and Church to which are attached a spacious garden and a cemeterj-, occupying altogether an area of nearly ten acres The front of the Hospital is in Palace Street the wall of the establishment extending frc Palace Gate, parallel with the fortifications, within a short distance of Hope Gate. Th principal building is three stories high, it greatest length being three hundred and eight; three feet by fifty in breadth. The wing o; the west side is two stories in height and aboiii one hundred and fifty feet long. This excellem institution, originally designed for the receptioiB"'^ P^ of the sick poor, promotes to a great extent th**^''^l beneficent objects for which it was founuec Every attention is paid to the wants of the paj tients, whose comfort is secured by the pei sonal attendance of the ladies of the Hospit; It is divided into male and female wards an contains fifty beds for the sick. There are fouiowin^ physicians, whose services are gratuitous, at tached to this establishment, — Doctors Paran Morrin, Nault and Sewell. One atten( daily. The religious community consists of ^recon sujipo [thirty hild, ears, ■ith t reiuA ison Th( oes 1 ngtli rty. ontai 1. T 2. r 3. : placoj and Liired for it a a few years e range was nt extended lings consist 'ch to "which [ a cemeten- ,rly ten acres *alace Street .ending t^'cm fortifications. Gate. The ies high, its d and eightj ^he wing oi ^ht and abou Ihis excellen the receptio sat extent th was founded its of the pa [ by the per en the Hospita orty .le wards an rhere are fou ■ratuitous, a octors Paran One atten( consists of THE CITY. y? Sup6rieure La R^v^rende Mere Stc. Antoine, tliirty seven nuns and two novices. The funds of the institution are derived from landed pro- perty and the revenues of seigniories, assisted by occasional grants from tlie legislature. In connection with the Hotel Dieu arrangements were made some years since for the reception of ibundlings. A register is kept there of persons ill tlie country parishes who are desirous of un- dertaking the task of rearing these infants, the R'commendation of their cures being given in support of their fitness. An annual allowance of thirty dollars is given for the maintenance of each liild, to be discontinued at the expiration of five vears. This excellent system has been attended R ith the happiest results. The adopted children re invariably tieated with the greatest kindness, some instances being so fortunate as to inherit he property of their protectors, ^vho are in ge- eral persons without any issue of their own. The church is plain in its construction and oes not display much internal decoration. Its irth is one hundred feet and breadth about The entrance is in Collins Street. It ontains several paintings among which the fol- owing are pointed out as originals. 1. The Nativity of Christ, Luke ii-By Stella. 2. The Virgin and Child.— By Coypel. 3 . The Vision of St. Thertse . —By 3l€nageat . H : I ^1 ! ■ il i ,: ^11 J ^1! 98 TnE CITY. 4. St Brimeau wrapt in meditation.— By U Sueur. The Hospital contains a scries of four paint- ings illustrative of events in the life of our Sa- viour, and in the Chaplain's room is an inter- esting painting which depicts the sufferings of the Jesuit missionaries on the occasion of the attack made on their chapel at Three Rivers by tlic Indians in IGoO. 14. THE GENERAL HOSPITAL. This institution was founded in lG93by M.| de St. Vallicr, bishop of Quebec, for the re- ception of the indigent sick and incurables. I It was erected on the site of the R^collet Con- vent, the priests of that fraternity receiving inj lieu the property adjoining the Place d* Amies, Tlie building is situated on the side of the river | St. Charles about a mile from the city and con- sists of a Convent, Church and Hospital, tlicj whole in a quadrangular form with a projecting! wing to the south west one hundred and thirty! feet in length by fifty in breadth. The prinei-| pal front, Avhicli presents a handsome appear- ance, is two hundred and twenty eight feet in| length and thirty three in depth. There is al- 'if. THE CITY. 99 ^0 a snial) detached building for the reception of insane persons in which every care is taken of the unfortunate inmates, eighteen in number, though the restricted limits iii>vhich_theyare con- fined point out the necessity for a building on a more appropriate scale. The general manage- ment of the institution is under the superinten- dence of the Sup^rieure La R^v^'rendc Mere Ste. Marie Josephte Sirois dit Duplessis with forty eight professed nuns and nine novices. These ladles evince no little skill and a. credi- table industry in the manufacture of articles, especially church ornaments, by the sale of which they add to the resources derived from landed property by which the establishment is supported. The school attached to this insti- tution consists at present of forty seven boar- tlcrs together with a number of ^day scholars [externes). As their funds, however, have been found insufficient to meet the largo expendi- ture, the deficiency is supplied by an annual grant from the provincial government under the control of five gentlemen who act as com- missioners. This is applied to the maintenance of the insane, of old and infirm persons and provides, also, for the reception of foundlings at the Hotel Dieu. The church is neat and commodious and contains several paintings that do not call for particular notice. A gallery is here appropriated to such of the invalids as aro able to attend the service. i M !f I ffl It V ■Mi ■ ■ I I:. 100 THE CITY. 16. TNE URSULINE CONVENT. In the year 1639 Madame de la Peltrie, a young widow of fortune, embarked for Quebec, accompanied by three Ursuline nuns in the same vessel with the Hospitalieros by wliom the Hotel Dieu was established. This lady de- voted her fortune and energies in founding the convent of the Ursulincs, for the purpose of affording education to the young girls of iho colony. Two years after her arrival the first building was erected, but was destroyed by fire in 1650. It was erected again on the same spot and met with a similar fate in 1686. The present edifice is a substantial construction of stone, two stories high in the form of a square, one hundred and twelve feet in length and forty broad. The church of St. Ursula is ninety five feet long by forty five in breadth, fron- ting towards Garden street. Its exterior is plain but the appearance of the interior is sim- ple and pleasing, its altar being remarkable for the neatness of its decorations. On the north side is the choir, which is se[)arated fSrom the church by a grating and is still larger in its dimensions. In the rear of the church facing St. Louis street is the entrance to the convent, the Parloir being to the left ©f the dooi and % ^J^t T1 THE CITY. 101 I : I tlic apartments of the Chaplain on the right. The entire range occu[)ies a large space and has a ricli and productive garden em npe THE CITY. THE SEMINARY. 103f This academy was founded in 1GC3 by M. I'ran^ois do Laval, the first bishop of Quebec. Though solely intended at first for the educa- tion of ecclesiastics, it has long been devoted to the purposes of general education, pupils being admitted without distinction of language or rch'gion. The present number of pupils is three hundred, of whom one hundred and fif- teen arc boarders at the annual charge of £17- 10-0. The instruction of the others is gratuitous, a trifling compensation for fuel being the only charge. The affairs of the institution arc mana- Iged by a Board of Directors who elect their Su- Iperior. The Revd. Antoine Parant holds that loffice at present. The Seminary is divided liiito separate branches, distinguished as the l(jmwc? and Petit Seminaire, and embraces in its [course of education nearly all the studies re- |uisite for polite instruction at the present day. ITo meet the arduous duties of this establishment pore fare several professors who receive no pe- cuniary allowance for their exertions. The levd. Joseph Aubry is director of the Grand jeminaire and the Kev. Louis J. Casault has tho bpcrintendcnco of the junior branch. ki il 'H i^/'; mi I'll I J ; !i i 104 THE CITY. The Seminary Mas twice consumed by fiiv, in the years 1701 and 1705. It Mas also da- niaged to a serious extent in the siege of 1759. The present extensive range of buildings is of very recent erection. It comprises three sides of a square, each seventy three yards in length with a depth of forty i'eetf and an additional wing extending from the side to the east. The whole is substantially built of grey stone and is I three stories in height, with the exception of the wing which is four stories high and nearly fifty yards in lengtli. The front faces the marjat place on the north side of the Cathedral. In the rear is a large and beautiful garden which extends to the Grand Battery and with the buildings covers a space of nearly seven acres. The entrance to the Seminary Chapel is on the | left of the arched way leading to the square. The interior is neat and pleasing and contains I an excellent collection of paintings by eminent | French masters. ' 1. Ihe Saviour and the Woman of Samaria at Jacob's Wt'U'nearJSychar. John iv. — By Lagi'enec. 2. The Virgin Ministered unto by the Angels, who are represented as prepaiirg the linen clothes for the child Jesus. — By De Dieu, 3. In the right wing, the Saviour on Ihe cross, at the moment described by the Evangelist. — ^John xix. 30.— By iWon£^ THE CITT. 105 icd by fire, as also da- >go of 1759. ildings is of J three sides is in leiigtli 1 additional > east. The stone and is 1 eptionofthc nearly fifty , the marUet thedral. In arden which id with the seven acres. | pel is on thi the square, and contains! by eminent I of Samaria at| -By Lagi'ena. f the Angelsjl linen clothes| on the cross, igelist.— John 4. At the entrance — the Egyptian Hermits m the soUtude of Thebais. — By OuUlot, 5. Next the wing— The terror of St. Jerome, at ihe recollections of a vision of the day of judgment. By D'Hullin, 6. The Ascension of the Lord Jesus. — By the Champagnes. 7. The Saviour's Sepulchre and^ Interment. — By Hutin, 8. Above the altar — The flight of Joseph to Egypt. Matthew ii. — By Vanloo. 9. Immediately above is a small oval delineating two Angels. — By Le Brun. 10. The trance of St. Anthony. — By Panocel d'Avignes, 11. The Day of Pentecost. Acts ii. — By the Champagnc<^. 12. Peter's dehverance from prison. Actsxii. — By Do la Fosse. 13' At the entrance of the left wins; — another view of the Hermits of Thebais. — By GuUlot. 14. In front— The Baptism of Christ. Matthew iii. — By Claude Guy HalU, 15. St. Jerome writing. — By the Champagnes, 16 . The wise men of the east adoring the Saviour. Mfilthewii. — By Bouricu, ^ The Seminary has for some years been tho residence of tho Catholic Bishop of Quebec, A 106 THE CITY, building is now, however, in course of erection in the rear of the French Cathedral whi:?h will furnish a suitable residence for the head of the Catholic church in this city and prove, it is ex- pected, a handsome addition to its architectural ornaments. A Museum of natural ?uriositios is attached to the Seminary to which admission may be obtained through the Professor of Ma- thematics and Philosophy. The Examinations take |>lace at the close of July, and during the vacation which follows the public arc freely ad- mitted to inspect the several branches of tlio building. BURYING GROUNDS. h fi The principal Protestant Cemetery is attach- ed to the Free Chapel m St. John's Suburbs. The Methodist Burying Ground is iu D'Ar- tigny Street, St. Louis Suburbs. The chief Catholic Burying Ground adjoins the Hotel Dieu near the Grand Battery. In Do Salaberry Street St. Louis Road is another eiitensive cemetery belonging to this persuasion. The Catholic Burying Ground in Dorchester Street St. Rochs occupies a large space. In addition to these there are several cemete- ries attached to the Hospitals and Catholic diurehes. Wi ! of erection 1 whi^h will head of the vc, it is cx- xrchitoctural il curiosities ;h aclmissiou ;ssor of Ma- !lxaminatiou3 during the re freely a ■ 108 THE CITV. voted to the sittings of the A'isembly. This was removed to make way for the centre of the new building. The fagade is bold and massive, four large columns over the entrance supporting the pediment on which appear the Imperial Arms. Above this rise the dome and spire which increase the appearance of solidity and elegance that invests the building which is of cut- stone. A small gallery surrounds the exterior | of the dome and commands a magnificent pros- pect. The Hall of the Assembly, standing! en I the site of the chapel, is seventy nine feet in length by forty six broad. A capacious gaJloryl for the use of strangers is attached to it. Thcl first session was opened here in January 1834,1 and the last sitting took place in the month of| August 1837. The suspension of the con- stitution and the Act of Union, by whiohl Quebec ceased to be the seat of government/ have deprived this edifice of its legitimate usesj It has since been applied to various purposes ; ilj has afforded a temporary abode for the Gover-| nor, a bureau for conducting the business of the Post Office and is at present by the liberal per-] mission of the government a commodious and worthy Bhelter for the leading Literary Sociej ties of this city. j T THE COURT HOUSE- This is a substantial edifice of grey stone biiil THE CITY . 109 bly. This ntre of the id massive, supporting Imperial and spire ^olidity and ch is of cut- the exterior ificent pros- standing\cn line feet in 2ious gallery [ to it. The ,nuary 1834, le month of| pf the con by whiohl government; imate uses purposes ; v the Gover isiness of tb e liberal per naodious ani erary Socie more with a view to solidity than ornament. It occupies the north eastern extremity of St. Louis Street and faces the Commissariat Office. It was erected in 1804 on the site formerly occu- pied by the church of the Kecollets. It is three stories in height including the basement, one hundred and thirty six feet in length and [forty four in breadth. An iron railing encloses it and a double flight of steps leads to an arched imtrance wliich communicates with every part f the building. In the centre of the lower floor |is the apartment in which the Quarter Sessions held, to the left of which is the Prothonota- es' Office and to the riglit that of the Police agistrate. A capacious staircase on each side leads to the upper story in the centre of which the Court of Queen's Bench, on the left the ourt of Appeals and Judges* apartments, and n the opposite side the Admiralty Court with Q Sherifl's and other offices. I'he interior is ell arranged throughout and affords every con- enience to the public. The members of the uebec bar have recently formed themselves into society for the promotion of their common in- rests under the title of the Quebec Bar Asso- atioD. a- THE JAIL. tone biiill '^^^^ *^ ^ handsome and compact structure of il^ 1 1 \\ :J (:' I 1 I 110 THE CITY. ilel n grey stone, throe stories in height, one hundred and sixty feet long by sixty eight in breadtli. It is situated between the top of St. Stanislaus street and Angel street, with the front towards the former. Its use is sufficiently indicated by the style of its front, in 'which until lately was observed over the entrance the iron scaffold used in enforcing the last penalty of the law. This, however, in deference to the public feeling has ■I been recently removed. The situation of tlio Jail is healthy and a yard about one^iundred ^'H J* S in depth enclosed by a high wall affords the means of air and exercise. Much objection has been found with the internal arrangements by which an indiscriminate intercourse is permitted among the prisoners. It is to be hoped that steps will be taken for removing so serious an evil. At the back of the yard is a buikling used as a House of J Correction for disordeny females, of which un- happy class a great number of the inmates of the loly prison is composed at present . This building was W^^\ erected in 1810 at an expense to the provincial Bssu legislature of upwards of £15,000. It was first! ac occupied in 1814, previous to which the buildings lithe attacliod to the Artillery Barracks were used asfton: a Jail. The site on which it stands was for-le w nierly occui>ied by a fort the ruins of whiclipl tl were standing at the early part of this century.i'cd < This was evidently one of the early erections otf^liti the French colonists and was built with consi-liiib 1 "01 ill] ( anli rt] hoi: CO] a. ui THE CITY. Ill ilerablo strength and solidity. No direct refc- unce, however, can be traced to it among the iclent annals of the city. 4 THE MARINE HOSPITAL The situation of this building in so unfrc- iicnted a quarter at the outskirts of the suburb if St. Roch is much to bo regretted, as it cer- iuly is one of the most ornamental structures Quebec. Its position, however, on the nk of the St. Charles affords greater facilities >r the conveyance of that class of patients for horn it was designed, being erected for the ception of sailors and emigrants arriving from a. Like the Parliament House it remains in unfinished state, the centre and west wing ly being completed. The design is taken oni that of the Temple of the Muses* on the ssus near Athens. When the original plan acted on a double flight of steps will lead tlic principal entrance under a handsome lonnade of the Ionic order. The depth of e wing is one hundred feet and when comple- 1 the length of the building will be two hun- cd and six feet. It consists of four stories in dition to the attics, all of which exhibit ad- iitible arrangement for the co!nfurt of the pa- .■: ^ I. it I Ms IfUJ ! I 'If 112 THIS CITV. tients and the convonionce of all connected witli the iustitntion. They are occupied as follows The ground floor contains fifteen apartment besides a Catholic Cliapel where service is regu larly performed : service is also performed every Sunday by a Protestant Clergyman. Sixty pa tients can be accommodated on the floor. Tin next or principal floor will contain sixty eigli patients and comprises Lecture and Operatin Room, Dispensary, Library and Museum. The Library comprises many valuable J»rac tical works for the use of the students who ari admitted to tlio Surgical and Medical practlci of the institution by the annual payment of si dollars. These subscriptions are reserved for thi purchase of books for the Library which is in creased about one hundred volumes yearly. On the second floor are seven wards, whici ■will hold one hundred and thirty four patien The upper story which was designed for a Ly ing in Hospital and the attics have never bee occupied. This Hospital was opened in 1834 having bee erected at a cost to the Legislature of £15,O0( Its funds are chiefly derived from a tax of on penny a ton on each vessel arriving from se and a portion of the tax upon emigrants. Tii aftairs of the hospital are under the managemei of the foUowuig Commissioners — Jos. Morri Esq. M, D. J. 'Parant Lsq. M. D. and I T THE CITV. 113 Goweii Esq. There arc two visiting physici- ans, Drs. Painchaud and Douglas, together with a House Surgeon and pupil attached to the esta- blishment. The annexed statement will best ex- hibit the usefulncs of this institution. Return of Admissions, Discharges and Deaths in I the Marine and Emigrant Hospital from 1st May |to30lh November 1843. Total number of admissions 1012 Discharged 946 Died 41 ^012 Remaining 25 lOf these were Sailors 767 Emigrants 136 ^ 1312 Town people 109 Medical Diseases. iFever 201 Ipysentery 37 Ihcumatism 120 Infn. Lungs 53 Ither diseases 121 Surgical Cases. Fractures 68 Syphilis 100 Wounds and Contu- sions 103 Ulcers 47 Other cases 172 I 1 Total 532 Total Out door patients 203. 48Q 5 THE OLD CHATEAU. The exterior of this building, which is on the fast side of the Place d*Armes, is plain almojst 114 THE CITY. to singularity. Tlio intoriop comprises several spacious apartments. It was erected for the use of the Governor at the close of the last centurv, and since the renovation of the Castle in 1800 this edifice has assumed the title of t t Old Cha- teau which properly belonged t( iiie other.) The chief use to which it has since been put hasi been on occasions of levees and government par-l ties for which the suite of rooms is well adaptedj Several a]>artnionts have lately been devoted t( the use of the Post Office. \ 6. THE CITY HALL. This building is situated at the corner o^ Lewis and Ursule streets. It was a private dwelling house purchasedfor the use of the Cor^ poration and has no distinctive features in itsex^ ternal appearance. Quebec was incorporatt in 1833. The following is a list of the presenlj members of the municipal government : Honorable r. e. caron. - John Wilson, Alexander Simpson, Honble. Louis Massue, Edward Glackemeyer, Jean Tourangeau, Joseph Savard. G. OKill Stuart, Michael Connolly, Henry S. Scott, John Doran, . ( THE CITY. 115 John McLeod, • WUliam O'Brien, Thomas W . Lloyd, Joseph Robitaille, Louis Plamondon, Edouard Kousseau, ' ' Joseph Laurin. >«•'' ©ryoszKs ©? ttms e©up®r.A7i©M, City Clkrk — F. X. Garneau. City Trkasurkr — Francis Austin. Ofkice Hours — Winter — From 10 A.M. to 4 P. M. Summer — From 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. Road Surveyor — Joseph Hamel, from 10 to 11 A.M. daily. Assistant to Road Surveyor — Theophile Bail- !arg6. Notary — Charles Maxima De Foye. 1. THE BARRACKS ' y' ' The Casemate Barracks in the Citadel have [already been alluded to in the notice of that fortress. They are very commodious and perfectly secure, the bastions in which they are situated being proof against shells or other mis- Isilos. They are occupied at present by the 2nd I Battalion of the 60th Rifles under the com- Imand of Lieut, Col. Cockburn. The Jesuit Barracks, formerly the college of Itlie Jesuits, founded for the instruction of youth land the propagation of religion among the Indians, |\fas erected by that fraternity as it now stands Jin the early part of the last century. In 1625 phile the colony was still in its infancy, se- I f 1. Crabbc, a westerly le hundred forty leet ilt of stone, , adjoining ce Depart- storehouses. ,ly occupied ling. The •f repair and jlegance and r years since 'ere erected 1750 for the lents at that ifenceof the ion occupied )ffice. The in the centre 8 the mess- es a Racket- Between the e are several rampart. Street is ^ officers' quar appropriate! ccupying thi Jesuit Barracks. Adjoining this buil«ling, also in tlio rear, is the Military Hospital, a large and commodious structure, with every convenience for the invalids of the garrison. On the op- posite side of St. Lewis Street are the Mili- tary offices, in a house rented by Government. GOVERNMENT OFFICEt* The Ordnance Office, which adjoins the Ar- tillery Barracks near Palace Gate, has been alluded to in the description of those buildings. The Commissariat Office is situated in St, Lewis Street, opposite the Court House, It was a private dwelling house purchased for the use of this department. The spacious stores of the Commissariat are in the Lower Town, in tne rear of the Government Wharf. They comprise an extensive range of stone buildings, two hundred and fifty feet in length, for the reception of Government stores. The Wood yard, in which a constant supply of fuel for the garrison is kept up, occupies a conside- rable space at the eastern extremity of St. Roch, The position on which it stands was formerly the site of the gardens of the Inten- dants* Palace, the ruins of which building arc at present within the limits of the yard. During the siege of 1775 it wa^i occupied by a detach- TT" i( , .t r y ii h \ ^ 'i'' ',,1 120 THE CITY. ment of the Americans and nearly destroyed by a cannonade from the garrison. It was subsequent- ly repaired and made available as a Government store, but an extensive fire has recently reduced it once more to a state of ruin. This building was formerly one of the most elegant and im- portant in the city. It received its title of Pa- lais in consequence of the sittings of the Coun- cil being held there, and from it was derived the name of the street and gate leading thereto from the Upper Town. The Royal Engineer office is at the westf m end of St. Lewis Street and faces the Esplanad Attached to it in the rear are several work shops and laboratories. The Barrack office is in St, Anne street, near the gate of the Jesuit Barracks. It is a neat buil- ding of cut stone, two stories in height. Ad- joining it is a stone building recently erected as a Government Bakery, from which the garrison is supplied. ^ 1 tho had first edifii situa Indij The llhirt^ • lirhic It is tostr the u Boar toget couvc oonl door. T>r-».*tv^ troyed l)y ibsequent- svemment reduced it i building nt and im- itle of Pa- the Coun- as derived ng thereto COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS' I. THE EXCNANQE. tie western Esplanad work shops street, near I a neat buil- jight. Ad- y erected as le garrison This building was erected in 1828 to meet the wants of the mercantile community, who liad previously met in St. Peter street since the j first institution took place in 1817. The new j edifice is neatly constructed of cut stone, and is situated at the corner of Arthur street near the East India Wharf, a centraland convenient position. The length of the exterior is sixty five feet by [thirty four in breadth. The Reading-room Iwhich is on the first floor, is fifty feet by thirty. lit is well dupplied with periodicals and is open Ito stran • ^ if introduced by a subscriber. On Itho upj. r lory is the room appropriated to the IBoarti o; Hr de, which was instituted in 1809, jether Vt \.h several other apartments for the convenience of merchants. refreslimcnt Boon has been recently opened on the ground tioor. \\\ I I If 122 THE CITV, 2. THE CUSTOM HOUSE. This is a stone building, one story in height, adjoining tlie government stores in Champlain street. It was built in 1833. Its internal ar- rangements are well calculated for the transac- tion of business, but since the melancholy cala- mity which occurred here through the descent of the rock in lS4tl the business of this de- pa^ Mcnt has been carried on at No. 36, St. Pete. "> et, a locality better suited to the con- venient of the public. I 3. THE TRINITY HOUSE. II (II te to M Af, an CCS ter St.: This institution was formed for the regula- tion of pilots and general management of af- fairs connected with the port of Quebec. Its incorporation ensures relief also to pilots wheu age or infirmity renders it necessary, and pro- vides for the support of their widows and chil- dren. It is conducted in a similar manner to institutions bearing the same name in Englandjilino-. its establishment consisting of a Mjister, Depu-i ty Master and Wardens, The office is held atL No. 46 St. Peter street. ■ ^« B itree stree (ion. 4. THE POST OFFICE. The duties of this office are performed ai| present at the Freemason's Hall in Biiadc street mgi THE CITY. 1'23 It is opened daily from 8 A. M. to 7 P. M. (luring the summer, and to 4 P. M. in tlie win- tor : on Sundays from 8 to 10 A. M. and 3 to 4 P. M. Letters to go the same day by the Montreal mail must be left before ^ past 4 P. M. during the season of navigation, and l\alf an hour earlier in winter. If directed to pla- ces beyond Montreal they must not be left af- ter 4. 6. THE BANKS. Quehec Bank. — Fire Assurance Buildings — St. Peter street. Established in 1818, Discount days — Monday^ Thursday. Bank of Montreal, Quebec Branch, St. Peter I street. Capital £V 50,000. Discount days — Tuesday Sf Friday. / Bank of British North America. St. Peter [street. This is a Branch of the Bank in Lon- don, of which the Capital is £1,000,000 ster- ling. Discount days — Wednesday ^ Saturday. City Bank Montreal. St. Peter street. Discount— daily from 10 to 3. • Quebec Saving Bank. Fire Assurance Buil- Jings — St. Peter Street. Open on Tuesday from 11 till 1 o' Clock. I Ui THE CITV. 6. ASSURANCE orFICES. r r ti H Uh , )i .' Quebec Fire Assurance. Secretary, S. Wright £sq. St. Peter street. \rjt^,^ Canada Fire Assurance. Secretary, D. Mc '»^*Callum, Esqr. Clouets Buildings, Fort street. |v jLu con imci ea; St. Roch Mutual Assurance. Secretary, J.icoin Laurin, Esqr. St. Francois street, St. Roch. ^?#/ Eagle Life and Fire Assurance. Agents Henderson & Co. St. Andrew's Wharf, Britannia Life Assurance. Agent, Ri ?c- niston, Esqr. India Wharf. Phcenix Fire Assurance. Agents, Gillcs^ pic, Greenshields & Co. Gillespie's Wharf. Alliance Fire Assurance. Agent, J. G. Irfii|oips^ ^larp of the external trade of twrom country. Montreal has of late years profited A^j^j^ the expense of Quebec by her vicinity to tlm from THE CITY 125 •, S. Wright ary, D. Mc Fort street. Jccretary, J. 5t. Roch. ce. Agents] Wharf, gent, B) Pc- ;ents, Gillcs- s Wliarf. put, J. ^' ^r- nts, Thoniaj United States. But tlio groat export trade in I Lumber which has sprung up within the present century has raised this city to its present com- mercial importance, and has formed for some, years the chief support of a Large portion of the community. Tlie alteration in the Timber du- ties about two years since made a sensible impression on the i)rosperity of the city to an extent |c'ven greater perhaps than was anticipated. I The blow was, however, but temporary. The trade has recovered from the shock as will be perceived by the following statement. Urivals at the Poit of Quebec from Sea and the Low- er Ports in the years 1841-2-3 and to the 11th August 1844, with the total tonnage and number of Passengers. 0©4J, Vessels. [From Sea, 1,251 iFioin the Lower Ports 123 )ec on the S| cstcrn portioi cure to it tli trade of tl] cars profited! icinity to tl 0342, j'rom Sea, 862 From the Lower Ports 94 oe43. From Sea, 1,134 prom the Lower Ports 86 'iTAS. aiiri-] ^ijeysir, fl©44. from Sea, 644 234,247 Ton^Hge. 423,141 6,999 307,172 6,226 429,503 5,962 from the I^ower Porls 37 3,215 Passe Dgets. 28,279 44,399 21,764 16»837 '^ *' 126 THE CITY. Statement of Vessels built at and near Quebec from the year 1838 to 1843 inclusive. In In In In In In 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 17 Vessels, 8,293 Tons. 27 48 43 22 17 do. do. do. do. do. 14,979 25,754 23.014 10,379 11,650 do. do. do. do. do. MARKETS. The Market-place in the Upper-Town conn prises the square between the French Cathedra and the Jesuit Barracks one hundred and sixti feet in length. In front of the latter it is tw hundred and fifty feet broad, and at the catliel dral one huudred and seventy two. A woode( building which was occupied for butchers* stall has just been removed from the centre, and new range of stalls erected on the site of tl old Jesuit Church. This market is attend( spac Pala occ [used Bi jJupi [is a Jac '/OW i>r tl MARKETS. 127 ! Is iuebec from J Tons. 9 do. 4 clo. 4 do. f9 do. 30 do. .'.Town comj ^ich Cathedri Ired and sixtj itter it is twi at the catbcl i, A woodej [utchers* stall fiitre, and til he site of tl is attends daily, 1)111 Tuesday and Saturday are the re- giijur market days when it is generally crowded by the carts or sleighs of the haU- tants who bring with them a good supply of n.eat, poultry and vegetables. Stranjrers have a good opportunity on these occasions of observing the peculiar traits of the pea- santry wliose Vfcliicles and horses occupy the square. The Lcucr Tcwn McnJcet is held in the small scjiinre in front ot theCatholic Church. Thesyiace is exceedingly circumscribed and would be qnite inadequate during the season of navigation, but that the adjoining wharf supplies the requisite accommodation for I'.arrying on the business of this market. St, PavPs Market is held in the larger I space in St. Pnul .street, near the foot of Palace Gate. A neat row of butchers' stalls occupies the centre. This market is chiefly [used at present lor the sale of hay. Berthelot Market is occasionally held near IJupiter street in St John's Suburbs. There lis a small market-house here. Jacques Carticr Market will be kept in 'rown street at the opposite side to the new Tunnery, where the place has been laid out fur the purpose. > r HI 1 1 I m 1 .'■^V^'* ■ \ ^ ^ ? je^ \ .; '« ;ia- ^-^ \ :,■■ ,Vil 'it i > ft. '». •r\ i *'185»," i/ iv '■ f5 it kl In a hiitorical, general, or pauoramic point of view, not much has occurrctl of par- ticular importance in (Quebec, since IS-i-S. All the incidents which have maue her particu- larly famous in the eyes of the world occurred before, and immediately after, the cession of the country by France j and these are all mi- . nutely described in this little work. As for the surrounding scenery, time has not yet done much in the way of improvement. It is true that there are line country seatS; or ra- ther rural residences for the wealthy, to b« met with in passing over the now ndmirably kept public highways, and that finer houses meet the eye in the country villages, than would have been the case a hundred years ago. Nay there is a greater bre'\dlh of cul- tivation now visible than only fifteen years back, and a superior style of cultivation too, but the sun sets with no more dazzling and enchanting brilliancy to-day than that lumi- nary ever has done here ; the summit of Cap Tourment stretches up no nearer to the sky ; hill and dale have not materially changed their aspect ; and even Quebec her- self, to the distant view, is not more strik- ingly imposing than when this Ik ok was first issued forth. Yet thwe have l>een very j : \ ft --■fl 130 1857 (i material changes ; coramerce ;'nil popiil.itiun have increased and changed in character} ocean steamships ajichor in our waters ; Iho timber «hips are of the largest size ; the river steamers are floating palaces ; innumerable propellers come direct to port from the far west j railroads have been buili, abov^ and below Quebec, as, for instance, that to lUchmond and that to St. Thomas; gas has been introduced into the city; two* suburbs huvc been renewed i?ince the con-' flagration of 1845; and the town has been su})plied with water, brought under and across the river St. Charles near Dorcliester Bridge, from the river of that name above the Falls of Lorette ; factories of all kinds, sizes and descriptions have been established ; capacious hotels have been built or added to; shipbuilding has astonishingly improv- ed ; streets have been widened within the gates, and the very appearance of the shops entirely changed ; Durham terrace has been enlarged ; the fortifications have been great- ly strengil^cned and otherwise improved ; and, in a wt^rd, there bus been in Que- bec, as elsewhere, that uiitural progress which even old ct e^ on thiscontlns-nil must make in a given time. One tiimg lias dis- tinguished Quebec since 184<'2, and that can be very briefly expressed. In lSr>2she had 1857 .J \ ( f\ 131 racter ; 7a*ers ; t size •, ilaces ; to port istance, homas; y J twoi he con-^ as been ler and rchester e above U kinds, blished; added n^ prov- hiii the e shops as been \\ great- proved ; ill Que- proi;ress ,;nl must has dis- that can I she bad the honour of being the seat of the Provin- cial Government and place of meeting for the legislature, retaining that honor until August, 1855, and had the misfortune in connection with that honour, of losing, by flie, her fine Parliament Houses, the ruins of which stand so imposingly on the brink of the precipice which over-hangs the Lower Town. There is still another, the Semi- nary founded by the first Bishop of Quebec, was in 1854 raised by the Queen of England to the dignity of a University, and magnifi- cent new buildings have been erected Vv'ithin the seminary gardens to meet the educational requiiements. That only which the travel- ler needs particu'aily to know, is the where- abouts and character of the new edifices since 1842 j and he may know thus; Methodist Church.— In St. Stanislaus Street, near St. Andrews' Church, a large gothic Church has been built by the Wesleyan Methodists, the interior of which is ele- gantly fitted up. It has an organ, and would probably contain about 2,000 people. This building supplies the place of the former edifice in St. Anne Street, which is now a Lecture Room, and the property of piivato individuals. I !? ! ! > t' 13S 1867. St. Patrick'^s Church., — Since this work was first published, St. Patrick's Church ha4 been very much enlarged ; a Literary Insti- tute has been erected immediately behind the Presbytery, having an excellent library, the newspapers of the day placed upon the tables of a h^^e reading room ; and in which lectures by men, who have made their ma'-k, are frequently given. Parallel with the Church, a palatial Presbytery has been erect- ed for the accommodation of the paster, within the past few years, at the expense of the Congregation. Chalmers'' or the Free Chinch — Is situated in St. Ursule Street, near the Citadel glacis, and is decidedly, internally and externally, one of the neatest Churches in town. The tower has a very imposing appearance* — This Church, which may contain over a thousand sitters, was built to supply the place of St. John's Church, alluded to in this work as situated in St. Francis Street, and which is now converted into a Tempe- rance Hall. It was in Chalmers' Church that the Gavazzi riot occurred. A Bajytist Church — plain and neat, exter- nally and internally, but not very large — kas been erected in St. Helene Street, oppo- site the upper gate leading into the barracks of the Royal Artillery, "n- 1857 lis St JohnU Suburb Church— la a large and most substantial cut stone building, erected soiA«e ten years ago, at the suggestion of Hii Grace the Archbishop of Quebec, who saw the wants of that populous suburb in a reli- gious point of view; and the two towers upon it are now in course of completion. It will probably contain about 5000 people* The Church of St, Rochs — ^has been rebuilt since the fire of 184<5, and is a large and rather elegant edifice. Baisseauville Church — may be seen to mnch advantage from the neighborhood of the toll-gate on the St. Foy Road. It is a new and handsome stone building, not far from the " General Hospital," the building which a distinguished traveller a hundred years ego, asserted to be equal to any house in France of its kind. The New University of Laved co ^ of two edifices 80 feet in height, with flai roofs, protected by Patent Cement from the conse" quences of the weather ; the one being the tchool of anatomy, and the other, as it were* a street of cut stone buildings, extending, within the Seminary or New College Gar- den, from Hope to Rampart streets, for the students of philosophy and divinity. The Music Hall, internally, is decidedly ,nke of the largest, as it is the most han^ i Ms I ! l!. C ; ! i! I' 1 I 1 !' 191 ISIT some, structure of the kind in Canada. The exterior is of cut stone, and very neat. Mou?U Herman Cemetery — This resting- place for the dead is situated near the resi- dence of the Governor-General, at Spencer Wood. It consists of 32 acres, abounding with trees and intersected w^ith walks, from which a view can be obtained, more pleasing than the first, at every turning, and^ already some distinguished personages are\ there crumbling into dust; among whom may be mentioned the name of John Wil- son, the celebrated Scottish vocalist. St, Charles Cemetery — Is situated on the property forraerlj belonging to the Hon. Mr. Panet, richly covered with trees, and run- ning down from the Lorette Road, not far from Scott's Bridge to the Little River. It is already well peopled. The monuments are numerous and chaste ; the grounds very neatly laid out, and the whole keeping is creditable to those through whom and for whom the ground was purchased. HOTELS. ; There is Russell's, in Palace-street, which is a favourite place of abode with strangers, as well pn account of the order, "mmmmmm^^ 1857 1^3 i. The esting- lie resi- Jpencer mnding walks, d, more ng,and^ ges are\ ' whom hn Wil- on the [on. Mr. nd run- not far vev. It luments ids very eping is and for e-8treet, »de with le order, comfort, and cleanliness maintained, as on account of the urbanity of the host, Mr. Willis Kussell, and the excellence and abundance of the substantialities and luxu- ries of the table. The ** Clarendon'''* f in St. Louis Street, kept by Mr. Hugh O'Neill, to whom a like complimeMt may be paid, and whose exten- sive establishment has this summer receiv- ed an additional wing, the whole house being most superbly furnished. Henchey^s Ho' el, in St. Anne's Street, is a smaller house than either of the two pre- ceding, but it is most richly furnished — presents a handsome external appearance- is well kept, and receives a respectable share of patronage. Fronting this hotel may be seen the stump a remarkalily large tree, which tradition points oat as having shaded the tent of Champlain on his first arrival in the country. This tree was destroyed during a storm a few years ago. STEAMERS. i The ocean steamers are— The Allan line ; the Clyde Company's line ; and the Thames line ; and Baby's line of steam tug-ships. The Riv«r Passenger Steamboats are —The '< Quebec" ; " John Muna" ; '* Victo- .-,■1 ( ■ ^ I! !^ I i\H^ II: ' ; * ■ ' I <1 !; ' S ;ii mmm 136 1857 ria and Napoleon", which ply daily be- tween Montreal and Quebec; and the Through Line Lake Boats which are too numerous to mention. The " Sagaenay"s a strong excellently, managed, and most comfortable boat, plies to the Watering Places of the Lower St. Lawrence, — Mal- baie, Kamouraska and Cacouna. Railroads, — The Depot of the St. Thomas, lichmond, Montreal and Portland Rail- oads, (Grand Trunk Line), is opposite Que-^ bee. The Ferry Boat Landing Place is al Ihe Old Custom House, Quebec. New Market Houses have been erected in the Lower Town ; the Palais ; and St. Roch's Suburb j but none of them are re- markable for anything but butchers' meat. The Water "MTor/tS- —Every house in Que- bec is now supplied with pure water, brought through an 18-inch pipe, (as al- ready mentioned) from Lorette, the first reservoir being on a height much above the highest point of Cape Diamoitd ; the force of the water for the extinguishment of fires may be conceived. Mr. Baldwin, of Bos- ton, was the superintending engineer, dur- ing the construction of the works, and, in- y^nA nlanned them. ly bo- ld the ire too lenay". lcI most atering .— Mal- Dhomas, d Rail- ite Que- ls a'w the ected ia and St. are re- s' meat. ! in Que- water, >, (as al- Iho first .bove the the force it of fires of Bos- leer, dur- and, in- 1857 mmmi I3t The Ati#jpap«r«.--.The '*^ Chronicle" " Co- lonist" " Courrier dtt Canada," and " Cana- dien" are dailies ; and the " Journal," " Ga- Eette," " Mercury" and ** National" tri- weeklies. Bathing Saloon, — Messrs. Gosselin and Larue have established a saloon of this na- ture, in Palace-street, opposite Russell's Hotel, which does them very great credit. The ladies' and gentlemen's drawing rooms and baths are most commodious, and the ar- rangements for the supply of hot and cold water, one, either, or both together, excel- lent. There is, besides, a swimming bath. The charge for admission is very moderate, li ' i! !; ^ I; ..kk: •w 1 ' ) f f r J 1 ' 11 wtrnm ; J i , lil i ^j ' 1 I 1 l' « L rr,J O) r» is- li'iS'-.ia V'*' o o s o c ■ CO' (ft ►:.■:; ^ oj a o a * ( ' 3" "1 : 5 t; r: P i- 5 c = , c cn-c- 1 c c- o C ( •uosjgd I w •- »« to f M CO I-' M w ta •suosiad z r> n t| w o B- O C^l .71 -^ r p n V; ^ o < w -1 D-rt 1 •V Ti_\ O A>] •4 (-1 O I— O (-• N* H* M ►- -J ►- eo -5 CO •uosjod I Cab or covered canole drawn by 1 horse. W -3 ^ CO O M ^ O -J a suoBjad z ifk ll^ l(^ l(^ 1^ rfk, _] 1^ ,f^ .4 ^ a. it,9jad iBiion -ippt? Xj3An< O Mit o o o o c C- OC •-' c O O CM o c w es y p- •uowad I 9 <^ hi •» ST o •^ o >^ C t^ *<• •-' « -euosjad z ID PC 3<^ \\';a \. ^. TABLE OF DISTANCES BY RAILWAY From Q'lebie to \toifreii', an I vice v*rsit. UP TRAIN. Tola: Miles 8 9 1) 20 29 41 49 55 64 72 84 96 Stations Quebec I'oint L»vi Chaiidiere June ion Chaiuliere Craig's Road Black liiver Melhot's Mills.... Becancour Somerset Sinnt'olcl. Arthabaska* •••... Warwick Danville. . •• Riclsmond DOWN TRAIN. Total Miles 17 30 ?7 43 49 61 71 Stations Montreal Lotigueuii Si. Htiuire St Hyacinthe.. Britannia Mills. Upton A( ton D ntiam Richtno; d CHANGK CARS FOR P)RT-1 LAND AND MONTREAL. Refreshments. 106 118 124 130 137 150 167 168 Durham Acton Upton Britannia Mills. . .. St Hyacinthe St Hilaire Longueii..... Montreal. ...••••• CHANGF, CARS FOR PORT- LAND AND QUEBEC. Refieshments. Danville Warwick Arthabaska.,. .... Slanfold Somerset. Becancour Melhot's Mill » Black River Craig's Road Cbaudiere Chaudiere Junction Point Levi. ...,.., Quebec * t' r ^ B f T\ i 'w, M 'V N| K I .c NEW, tjsic! CAREY EKOTHEES' .<^,\ i MII8I€ LIBRARY, 'laU NO. 16 ST. JOHN SIBEET, QUEBEC, ''^ U constantly •upplied with an assortment of STAND- ARD, POPULAR AND CL VSSIC SHEET MI/SIC, embracing over 3,000 pieces, id tlie very low rates of 12) and 20 ce.id ttie piece, among which will be found the following : — 500 Different Quadrilles at 12J cents each, including Les Rats, Les Chats, Les Singes, Les Chiens, Les Souns, Toe ! Toe ! ! Les Croque-mitaines, The Lancers, Th« Agnes Sore!, &c., &c., &c. 700 DifftMeut Sentimental and Comic Songs, wilh Pia- noforte Accompaniments, at 12^ cents each, including The Popular American and Negro Melodies. 50 Duetts for two Performeri on one Pianoforte, at 20 «ent6 each Duett. 50 Overtures to Celebrated Operas, arranged for the Pianoforte, at 20 cents each. 100 Vocal Selections from the most Admired Opera*/ h« majority of which are only 12i cents each. // o I 1 :S i j 200 LITTLE AIRS FOR LITTLE FINGERS. lH>ing easy and pleasing arrangements ol all the moat Po- pular Melodies, for Pianoforte Pupils wbo cannot reath an Octava. Pubiishfil in Sheetg containing each two or three Pieces, at 12J cents per Sheet. 1,500 Pieces for the Pianoforte, comprising t bo most appioved Fantasias, Capriccios, and Variations, by Thal- barg, Oesten, BInmenthal, Beethovon, Herz, Cramer, Mendelssohn, Wely.Le Due, Ike., &c., at 12| or 20 cents each. The following are some of tbt Piecea :— '**■*'"'? ■ PRICK. Les CIttffhasdu Monastere, 12) centa. Roisellen^s Reverie, in (», 12J " Schulhofl's Carnival de Venice, 20 " Oestcn's Lucia di Lammermoor, 20 ", . Kgghard's La Priere des Atij;es. ... .... 20 "\ Mendelssohn's Last Rcse oi bummer 20 ** La Consolation 20 ** La Source 20 " Battle of Prague ; 20 '• Our Stock of MUSICAL WORKS and INSTRUC- TION BOOKS wili challenge Competition IN PRICE. Czsrny's Pianoforte Instructions 90 cents. " 101 Elementary Exercises 75 " " Etude de Velocite 90 " Berbiguier's Flute Preceptor * 75 " Spohr's Violin School 75 " Regondi's Concertina Tuto» 75 " C'^rnopean and Sax-Horn Preceptor 75 " 100 Russell's Songs, Music and Words 30 " 100 Popular " " *• .... 30 " 100 Comic " " " 30 " COMPLETE CATALOGUES GRATIS. JHubIo Sent Free of Postage on Beceipt of the Harked Price. .,.;...,; f/ i.*INOERS. e moit Fo- ot remf h tn ,ch two or g tbt tnott •, by Th«l- ;, Cramer, or 20 ceoti PRICE. 12) cenU. 12J 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 II It II ^>^>^>^>^>^i^^^«^>^»» 4' I t| M! 150 THE BNTIR0M8. LORKTTI. This Indian Village, existing within nine miles of the city, must be one of the first ob- jects to excite the curijsity of a stranger, espe- cially a European. Here will be found the remnant of the once powerful Hurons, who sought a refuge in the neighborhood of Que- bec after the treacherous massacre of their tribe by the Iroquois. Adopting, at an early period after the arrival of the French settlers, their religion and language they preserved with rigid fidelity their friendship towards their new allies, who made common cause with them in resisting the incursions of the Iroquois who carried their old animosity from the distant shores of Lake Huron. Since the conquest of this colony by England they have always been found both active and loyal whenever their ser- vices were required, and like all other In- dians of British North America they receive an- nual presents from the government. In the THE ENVIRONS. 151 •within nine the first ob- anger, espe- found the lurons, who •od of Que- ;re of their , at an early ich settlers, eserved with is their new dth them in oquois who the distant conquest of always been rer their ser- 1 other In- y receive an- ent. In the vear 1825 four of their chiefs liad the honor of being presented to His Majesty George the 4th at Windsor Castle. The attention which was paid to them at the English court has often since been the source of grateful recollection ; in addition to more substantial gifts His Majesty presented each of the chiefs with an engraved like- ness of himself and gold and silver medals of considerable value which are preserved with other memorials in proud remembrance of their visit to England. Though retaining many of the characteristics of the children of the forest, in their houses and style of living they have adop- ted in a great measure the liabits of the Cana- dians. The manufacture of snow shoes, mo- cassins, bead and bark work, affords a principal source of subsistence, aided by their fishing and shooting excursions, the moose hunt in the wild forests to the north engrossing much of their time in the winter. Their services as guides are indispensable to officers of the garrison and others in these hunting expeditions, which have been of late years unusually successfid. The natives of Lorette have undergone the usual penalty among savage tribes who embrace the habits of civilized life. Their rise in the scale of civilization has been marked by a concurrent fall in that of morality. Their proximity to the capital and the interest naturally excited in strangers by the display of Indian manners have I Hi is if ;. I It ' I !■ J 4 152 THE ENVIRONS. made the village but too often a scene of * riot and ill-managed merriment,' but happily the efforts of the Catholic clergy have lately suc- ceeded in restoring temperance among the men and decorum among the women. There is but one among them who boasts pure Huron blood — Zacharie Vincent, who has distinguished himself as a aelftaught artist by some creditable drawings. 1 he population, at present 196 souls, exhibits an increase since 1821 when Bouchette states it to have been but 137. The village was first settled in 1697, the Hurons having previously resided at SiUery to which Seigniory they still lay claim as h^* ing been granted to them in 1651. The In. n village is beautiful- ly situated on the east side of the St. Charles, a small bridge across the rapids just above the Fall connecting it with the habitant village St. Ambroise on the other side. The latter con- tains a neat and commodious church of which the spire covered with tin is a conspicuous object from Quebec. The Fall is wild and picturesque ; as the river rushes down the shelving bank it assumes the appearance of a gigantic rapid and cleaving in its descent a narrow channel through the waveworn rocks at the foot it takes its wOd and noisy course through a dell overgrown with tall pines that hide it from the view. A saw- mill on the east side and the bank immediately opposite are the best sites from which a view of nc of * riot lappily the lately suc- tig the men There is ure Huron stinguisheci Q creditable it 196 souls, 1 Bouchette The village ons having !h Seigniory granted to is beautiful- 5t. Charles, t above the village St. latter con- of which the object from icturesque ; dng bank it Q rapid and nel through ,kes its wild grown with iv. A saw- mmediately [jh a view of THE FNVIRONS. 153 the Fall can be obtained. There are several roads to Lorette. Across Anderson's Bridge pursuing a direct course to Charlebourg and taking the turn to the left on reaching the church. Over Scott's Bridge and up the straight road known as the Ste. Claire or by the road along the east bank of the St. Charles, which is the most pleasing route, the murmur- ing rapids of the Httle river flashing through the high trees that spring up along its banks for several miles before we approach Lorette. THE MONTMORENCI. This wild and rapid river is said to be a continued torrent from its source in the Lac des Neiges till it empties itself into the St. Lawrence at the magnificent Falls which bear its name. The cataract is the most interesting of all the natural objects in the vicinity of Quebec and is seldom unvisited by tourists, however short their stay. Its unequalled height, nearly two hundred and fifty feet — with a width at the brink of nearly fr TiWfv r M • ,' f 154 THE SNVIRONSt twenty yards — and the great body of water which rushes with incredible velocity down the 'head- long height', acquiring as it descends a fleecy whiteness that assumes at a short distance the appearance of snow, form a combination of the sublime and beautiful which fascinates at once tho mind of the spectator. It is situated in the centre of a large gap in the north bank of the St. Lawrence about 300 yards in extent, through which its waters pass in a wide and shallow stream after emerging from the chasm among the rocks at the foot of the fall. There are several points from which the view can be varied and of each of which visitors should avail themselves. On the west side a projecting rock near the aqueduct affords a good view of the fall which it overlooks in its descent. The visitor should then cross the wooden bridge just above the ca- taract and passing through some fields he will obtain a very beautiful view at a little distance on the east side. But to be fully impressed with the height and grandeur of the Falls it is necessary to descend the bank on either side and at the foot of the mighty torrent obtain an unbroken view of its sublimity. A ceaseless spray curls up around the falling waters and when the rays of the sun fall upon its delicate veil the magical effect of the sunbow invests the scene with an additional charm. Here a- mid the *roar of waters* the words of the poet must often be recalled, THE SNTIROMf. 155 irater which the *head- ds a fleecy istance the ition of the tes at once ated in the bank of the snt, through ,nd shallow asm among B are several varied and themselves, k near the fall which it ^itor should 30ve the ca- ds he will tie distance impressed Falls it is either side it obtain an A ceaseless waters and its delicate 30W invests Q. Here a- of the poet — " but on the terge, From side to side beneath the glittering morn, Ad Ins sits, amidst the inreruul surge, Like Hope upon a death bed, and, unworn Its steady dyes, while all around is fjrn By the distracted waters, bears serene Its brilliant hues with all their beams unshorn : Reitembiintr, mid the torture of the scene, Love watching Madness with unalterable mien." The distance from the city is eight miles, the road passing through the village of Beauport which bears the appearance of a continuous street from the church to the falls, a distance of more than three miles. In the winter the road across the bay reduces the distance to six miles. At this season the spray congeals as it descends upon a rock in front of the falls and forms an ice mountain which increases gradually until it attains nearly half the height of the cataract. Some smaller cones are in general formed near it, but their height and form are varied accor- ding to the peculiarities of the season as regards the action of the wind and frost. The falls are greatly resorted to in the winter for the amuse- ment of sliding down the cone with the tohog^ gen or Indian sleigh. On the hill close to the falls is a house which was formerly the abode of the late Duke of Kent : it is now the residence of Peter Paterson Esquire, the proprietor of the extensive sawmills in the neighborhood. . -., (f^ 156 THE ENVIRONS. n ! f H i On ascending the west bank of the Montnio- renci about a mile from the fall tlie lime stone rocks through which the river rushes with irre- sistible force assume the singular appearance known as the Natural Steps. On the east side the perpendicular rock surmounted by the wood rises considerably above the level of the oppo- site bank, where the action of the water when the river is at its height in the spring has pro- duced a series of steps which rise in as regular gradation as if tlie result of art. Here the groat declination of the bed of tlie river, the narrow- ness of its channel and the obstruction it meets with from the projecting rocks cause a succession of rapids which rise and swell with tumultuous violence. The Montmorenci is much frequented by the lovers of angling and presents many sta- tions in its course where the attention of the sportsman is divided between his art and admi- ration of the wild scenery around him. It is in general necessary to wade while fishing iu this river, and the proverbial coldness of the stream, its continued rapids and the slip- pery surface of the rocks demand no little energy for the occasion. Tlie Sable a few miles up the river may be indicated as the first spot worth stopping at. This is followed by the Three Falls, the Prairie and L'hld which are very much fished by the habitants in the neighborhood. Then in regular succession the Montmo- le lime stono bies with irre- p appearance the east side . by the wood of the oppo- water when ring has pro- in as regular [ere the groat the nan'ow- jtion it meets e a succession 1 tumultuous eh frequented nts many sta- ention of the irt and admi- lim. It is in le fishing ii) coldness of aiid the slip- md no littlo Sable a few icated as the s is followed and Uhld habitants iu ,ar succession THE ENVIRONS. 157 at short distances from each other are found a number of fishing places distinguished as follows : FcHle Basse, Canoe, near Gordon's MUl, Petite Roche. Grand Rocker, near Johnson's M?U, Grande Roche, La Broue, Peche a Roussin, Peche aux Sauva^ges. Sahle, near Graham's, Roche Fondti, Cap* The distance to the " Cap/' the highest fish- ing ground, is about twelve miles from the Sable rnvdi' Lamotte's. The speediest and most com- fortable way to reach the stations, espicially those above the Falle Basse, is on horseback, as the road above this place is sometimes almost impassable for a vehicle. The River above the Cap is seldom visited as there is no path through the woods. Persons however, nho have explored five or six miles above this place say that the river assumes a still wilder appearance than below and ^Abounds with large lish. At the end of the St. Michel road as wo approacli the Montmorenci are three small hou- !out three miles from the fall?. The land route wn and aero J from Point L6vi should be chosen by strangers I whose stay permits but a single visit, as it af- rms this beauJ fords a very beautiful prospect of the city and m its mouthi harbor, the view exhibiting the magnificent id after a wil(l scenery under a new aspect, superior in some and two milel points thougli less comprehensive than that; ix miles abovjtrom Quebec. The distance from Point L^vi numerous falllis nearly nine miles. Wc cross about four miles iarked render ilfrooi Quebec the mouth of the Etchemin a stream m • yet it occalwliich affords good trout fishing at a short dis- j,r)T)earance, vaftance up. Its principal branch emerges from hundred yard J the lake of the same name about forty-eight interest by tlil wiles from Quebec: its waters are for the most iroueh the ^> ill part quiet and navigable, and are said to offer xsion of CanadI considerable facilities, with the aid of a oanal n Boston witlwhich might be cut at no great expense, for a surmounted ilwater communication with the River St. John and difficul|and the lower provinces. n's ions of liis part] (le less passal)ll offered a diiec ^ec, no less tha fd in their joiir| [he falls may ith of the ri\ ei| •arch THE FALLS OF STE. ANNE. 3at one |ue object frc ttle creek or ba] A few days devoted to an excursion to the iriver St^. Anne, about twenty four miles be w Quebec on the north shore, will be am M mw^ :i 1 i ii\ UV. ii ll'iHI 1^ % 162 THE ENVIRONS. ply repaid by the rich combination and variety of picturesque scenery, unequalled in the vici- nity of a city where nature assumes so many novel and attractive forms. The road lies over the bridge of the Monimorenci and along the bank of the St. Lawience through the villages of Ango Gardien and Chateau Richer. The marshy banks of the latter being much frequent- ed by snipe and wiid-duck aflord the best shoo- ting ground in the neighborhood of Quebec, from which it is nearly eighteen miles distant. The marshes a,t Sie. Famille, on the Island of Orleans directly op[)osite to Chateau Richer, are considered by some to aflord occasionally better sport than the lattCT*, the facility of ac- cess not being so great. It can either be reach- ed by a boat from the city, or should a dearth of sport occur at the Chateau a boat can be ob- tained there for the purj)ose of crossing. On a like rocky promontory at Chateau Richer the ruins of a Franciscan monastery were recently standing which was destroyed by a detachment of British troops when Wolfe was encamped near the Montmorenci. This was occasion- ed by the refusal of the habitants to supply the troops with provisions, in which they were en- couraged by their priests, who put the building into so excellent a state of defence that it was found requisite to reduce it with artillery. On a riaing ground, which commands a magnificent on and variety d in the vici- imos so many road lies over ind along the »h the villages Richer. The uu'h frequent- the best shoo- )d of Quebec, miles distant. L the Island of ateau Richer, [1 occasionally facility of ac- lither be reach- uld a dearth of [it can be oh- •ossing. On a au Richer the were recently a detachment fvas encamped was occasion- } to supj>ly the they were en- Lit the building ICO that it was artillery. On s a magnificent THE ENVIRONS. 161^ prospect, is the parish churcli and about a mile from the ciiurch is a picturesque cascade on the river Sault a la Puce. Here the stream is pre- cii)itated in its descent fi'om three successive declivities, and its banks richly wooded impart a wild and svlvan character to the scene. On resuming his journey the tourist will soon ar- rive at the village of Ste. Anne, of which thechurch is rendered remarkable by the number of mira- culous cures eft'ected there by the saint. So great is the faith of the devout j^ilgrims in the sanative powers of this shrhic that it is visited by the afflicted from very distant parishes; and no doubt of its officacv can exist in the mind of the visitor who on entering the church observes the substantial proofs afforded by the crutches on the walls left there as grateful relics by the lanv devotees Avhosc faith had made them whole! By . varting at an early hour from Quebec, the stranger, to whom time is precious, will be able to view the Falls of the Montmorenci, the Natu- ral Steps and the other objects just alluded to in his route before arriving at the river Ste. Anno, where it would be advisable to pass the night. Very good accommodation is aftbrd- ed at a house kept by Bacon, a Canadian, near the bridge. In the morning an early start should be made so that the several falls which the river exhibits within a few miles may each meet with due inspection. On the west side of 164 TH£ ENVUIONS. 1,' the river the road ascends gradually for nearly four miles displaying as the elevation increases a magnificent and extensive prospect. Having wrived on a level with the falls of Ste. Anne it will be necessary to leave the road and obtaining the assistance of a guide pursue a rough and arduous path through the wood for nearly a mile and a half. On emerging from the fo- rest this noble and singular cataract bursts upon the spectator. The extraordinary wildness of the scene may be said with truth to beggar des- cription. The pencil of the artist alone could doit adequate justice. A pile of enor- mous rocks rise up in the bed of the ri- ver which rushes over and between them with inconceivable velocity in three distinct channels that unite again before they fall into the chasm below. Tlie first of these torrents is so narrow that it can be crossed in a leap. Over the centre one a rude and fragile bridge consisting of a few stunted trees is laid from rock to rock a few feet above the boiling rapids. The visitor whose firm nerves do not tremble at the apparent danger should not neglect to cross this bridge. The natural gradations in the rock, caused no doubt by the action of the water at diflerent seasons of the year, will then enable him to descend and view the several ca taracts more nearly as they roar and foam a round him in their descent. On one side he will I ally for nearly ition increases pect. Having ■ Ste. Anne it [ and obtaining ( a rough and L for nearly a g from the fo- ict bursts upon iry wildness of to beggar des- ! artist alone \. pile of enor- ed of the ri- between them three distinct 5 they fall into these torrents ssed in a leap. fragile brid^ 3S is laid from boiling rapids, io not tremble not noQlect to [ gradations in action of the TUK ENVIRONS* 165 year, will then the several ca- T and foam a- ide he will one observe acircidar cavity of grcrit dejith in which the black and motionless water forms a striking contrast to the agitated torrent beside it. Doubt- less at some former period this abyss received the failing cataract which has since been divert- ed into other channels. As we take our stand in the position we have jnsi described, we be- come insensibly fascinated by the wild and ex- traordinary features of the scene. The gigantic rocks- — the rushing cataracts — the deep abyss into ^vhich they descend — the wild forest which rises around,its silence pierced by the ceaseless roar of the waters — leave an impression on the senses that cannot readily be eUaced. Leaving this interesting spot, however reluctantly, the visi- tor must now retrace his steps through the forest, and proceed in his vehicle about four miles fur- ther imtil he arrives at the village of St. F^r^ol. Here he must again leave the road and before he enters the forest a beautiful view of the Falls of St. F4r^ol presents itself. Encircled by the deep foliage of the trees among which it descends, the effect of the fleecy sheet is very beautiful. The passage through the woods is long and fa- tigiung ; in descending the mountain it is fre- quently by the aid of the branches that we are enabled to retain our footing. The scene, how- ever, is wild and rugged causing us to overlook the difficulties we encounter by the interest it excites. A fallen tree supplies a precarious 166 THE ENVIRONS. footing across a stream that rushes down tho mountain to join the St. Anne. At length w« emerge from the forest in the glen which re- ceives this beautiful cascade. The fall des- cends in one clear and expansive sheet ; tlie river at its foot is broad and rapid and takes its course tin ough a wild and i)icturesque glen that contributes greatly to the beauty of the scene. Having fully indulged the contemplation of this charming picture, instead of returning by the same route the guide should be directed to lead the visitor tip the mountain by tlie side of tiie falls. He will thus escape the fatigue of return- ing through the i'orast and be enabled with a little further exertion to witness another interesting feature in this river — a series of cascades, known as the Seven Falls, which follow each other in rapid succession within a short distance of the fall described above. THE LAKES. There are several lakes in the vicinity of Que- bec which offer many allurements to the \m- THE XXVIROKI. 167 les down tho At length wa Ion which re- The fall dcs- sheet; tlie and takes its que glen that of the scene, elation of this irning by the "ected to lead ^ side of the :iie of return- id with a little T interesting cades, known ach other in distance of nity of Quf- to the visi- tor. Of these Lake St. Charles possesses the most attractive scenery, and is the favorite re- sort of pic-nic parties in the summer. Here the lover of the picturesque, the sportsman, and those who confine their enjoyment to the consump- tion of the good things of this life meet to indulge their several tastes. The distance from the city is nearly thirteen miles ; the road as it ascends the mountains passing the Indian Village, if not visited on the way, about a mile to the left. The view of Quebec which here opens upon the spectator as tho route increases in elevation is very beautiful. The highly cultivated valley, the city and suburbs crowning the promontory which overlooks the lake-like bay, with the b^ue and misty outline of the southern mountL. i form together a delightful picture. The i oad now becomes wild and woody, and in crossing the Bellevue Mountains discloses an enchanting view of the lake at a dist.i "• of two miles. Its length is nearly four miles I its greatest breadth about one, n narrow chani « ' ividing it into near- ly equal pai distinguish la.- the upper and lower lake. The latter is the least ii!* cresting, its shores being comparati '^ly flat and its prospect confined; but on enter ig the former we are impressed at once with it^ rich and romantic loveliness : its banks stili covered with the primeval forest, which rising out of the placid water enriches the scene with its depth aud va- ^'"^ '^'nO... IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT^S) 1P_ KU8 i25 (150 "^~ IIIII^S itt 1^ ||2.2 i -^ IIIM mm 1.4 ] 1.6 *. I.I 1.25 -►-:• y // ^ ► 4 -^ — — o V] ^;. 'c-l c". ■^y •>> W Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREfT WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ifi '^1% ^^^ K, ...^il^J^ 168 THE ENTiaONS. riety of shades, allure us to their cool and de- lightful retreats, while the more distant moun- tains with their endless undulations and dark shallows form a magnificent back ground to the picture and impress the mind still more strongly w^ith a sense of the sequestered solitude of the scene. Within a pretty bay to the left of the upper lake visitors may amuse themselves with an echo which is never evoked without su'^cess. Passing across to the opposite extremity we enter the Huron river a deep and clear stream v. Hich supplies the lake. The angler has here a gooc op- portunity for indulging his])atient art as the lake abounds with trout which rise freely to the fly. At the mouth of the little river just mentioned and the northern end of the upper lake will be found the best fishing, but little sport being had in the lower lake w hich is much more shallow than the other. At the north western end of the upper lake a small stream, which is barely na- vigable for a single canoe, communicates with lake Larron which being rather difficult of ac- cess is little fished and abounds with small trout. The shores of the lower lake are infested with bull frogs, which interesting genus swarms in the vicinity of Quebec, where in the stillness of eve- ning it warbles its native wood notes in such per- fection as to have attained the sobriquet of the * Canadian nightingale.' A house kept by Madm. Verret on the borders of the lake affords Iti ^ -.I L^ TU« VKVIRONS. 169 >ol and de- tant rnoun- 9 and dark ound to the ore strongly itude of the I left of the lives with an ►ut su'^cess. itywe enter tream Avhich e a gooc op- t as the lake y to the fly. t mentioned lake will be [being had in ihallow than end of the s barely na- kicates with Toult of ac- small trout, fested with s warms in Iness of e ve- in such per- quet of the kept by lake affords comfortable quarters to visitors who must bear in remembrance, however, the indispensable re- gulation in Canadian excursions of bringing their materiel with them. Large double canoes are kept in readiness and otTer a safe mode of tran- sit to pic-nic parties, but a few sailing boats would be a great acquisition and add not a little to the beauty of the lake. The soil in the neighborhood is in general rocky and barren which is much to be regretted as its partial cul- tivation would form an agreeable contrast to the natural wildness of the scene. Lake Beaxiport lies nearly four miles to the north-east of Lake St. Charles and is about the same distance from the city. The road to it lies through the populous village of Charlebourg whose white cottages and tin covered spires are very prominent in the view from Quebec. Pur- suing the road in a direct line from this village we pass St. Pierre which exhibits the same popu- lous and cultivated aspect and is intersected by several trout streams that afford better sport than their diminutive appearance would seem to promise. As we leave St. Pierre behind, the route assumes the wild and rugged aspect pecu- liar to these northern mountains : we are sur- rounded by the dark forest which, with its dense growth of underwood, covers the undu- lating surface of the hills, and but for the dearances that occasionally relieve it, might ■ ; ■) I 1 {• * i •V 11 MHm 170 THE CMVIRONS. » h seem to bo far remote from the haunts of man. The road lies here through *the Brul€* an exten- sive tract that was ^clCfared' many years since by the devastating agency of a fire which extended in its progress form east to west upwards of twenty miles through the forest. The blackened stumps of the trees and the fire-plant which springs up luxuriantly around fully testify the extent of its effects. The lake is about a mile in length and scarcely half that distance across at its wi'lpst part. The great height of the woody hills which surround it imparts rather a sombre character to the lake ; the general effect, however, is picturesque and agreeable. Its banks display more cultivation than those of St. ' Charles. In a small chapel divine service is oc- casionally performed among the few peasants who reside here and a cemetery attached to it provides a wild and romantic resting place amid the mountains for those who pass to ' dusty death.' The great attraction of this lake is its trout the finest in flavor and condition in the vicinity of Quebec. As it has been found, how- ever, a useless labor to tempt them with the * delusive fly' the ignoble art of bait fishing is practiced here with a success which certainly justifies the means. At a small house on the side of the lake kept by Mrs. Simmons visitors will find clean quarters and good attendance. Nearly three miles above Carouge is Lcihc (kHr unts of man. M* an exten- rears since by ich extended ■j upwards of 'he blackened -plant which y testify the about a mile stance across leight of the jarts rather a general effect, reeable. Its n those of St. service is oc- few peasants ttached to it ig place amid iss to * dusty his lake ie its lition in the I found, how- »em with the >ait fishing is ich certainly ouse on the nons visitors ittendance* THE ENVIRONS. 171 raire which, though small, is picturesque and worthy of a visit. The only fish it contains is perch. In the neighborhood of this lake are found in great numbers those large globular masses of granire called ^boulders' which occa- sionally attract our notice on the roads to lakes Beauport and St. Charles. The size, form, and position of these fragments, while they excite the cuviosity of uninitiated beholders, puzzle even the geologian to account for their presence, which is referred to the action of the waters during the deluge as the most natural solution of the mystery. Lake St. Joseph or Ontarietsi is the largest in the vicinity being nearly nine miles in length and about six broad at its widest i)art. Two projecting points about the centre form the Nar- rows by which it is divided like Lake St. Charles into two parts that may be termed tlie upper and lower lake. It is situated about three miles to the west of the Jacques Cartier river with which it is connected by a small stream that empties itself into the latter a little belov the Ferry at the village of St. Catherine. The distance from the city, twenty eight miles, deters many from enjoying the beautiful scenery of this lake, two or three days being requisite for that purpose. The beauty of the drive is, however, a sufficient atonement for the fatigue or loss of time incur- 172 THE KNVIRONS. >V red in this excursion. The usual roato lies over the stage road to Montreal on leaving which at St. Augustin it passes through Fossambault and I conducts us to the Jacques Cartier which is crossed at a ferry, a short distance from the lake. This route discloses some beautiful views, but a shorter and better road may be pointed out along the western bank of the St. Charles through the village of St. Ambroise and pur- suing the road westward of the Montagnes Rondet to Valcartier about five miles distance from St. Catherine. Arrangements should h^. made to arrive at' the lake before dark as much of the inconvenience arising from bad roads may thus be avoided. On the east side of the lower lake are several farm houses at which temporary ac- commodation is furnished to fishing parties. A- mong these we may mention Conway's and Mrs, Lunn*8 where boats and canoes may be procured. Persons wishing to remain at St. Catherine will find there a hostelry kept by Jl/r?. Buckley at which if not very fastidious they may i>ass the night. To the sportsman Lake St. Joseph has unusual attractions, as it is celebrated for its black bass and trout both of which are taken here several pounds in weight. It is said to be the only lake in Canada in which these fine fish are found together, with the exception of Lake Sargent which is also about three miles from St. Catherine in another direction. The view oi TU£ ENVIRONS. 173 route lies over ving which at )ssambault and rtier whicli is [ince from the >eautiful views, lay be pointed he St. Charles •oise and pur- ntagnes Rondet itance frotn St. Id b'^ made to s much of the )ads may thus the lower lake temporary ac- »g parties. A- xay's and Mrs. ly be procured. Catherine will r?. Buckley at may pass the St. Joseph has ■brated for its ich are taken It is said to be these fine fish eption of Lake miles from St. The view oi Lake St. Joseph which opens as we descend is veiy beautiful and far 8U])erior to any other iako scenery near Quebec. Its extent is just suffi- cient to bring every object distinctly within view, the high mountains on the opposite side covered with the forest and the undulating sum- mits of the more distant hills beyond the upper lake crowning the scene with their varied sha- dows. A sand bank near the Narrmcs is said to be the best spot for bass and at the bottom of the lower lake trout are taken in considerable numbers. The mouth of the little Uiciere aux Pins which supplies the upper lake on the east side is also a good spot for trout. Strangers would do well to procure a guide. A man named Doyle living at St. Catherine acts in this capacity, and is well acquainted with the lake. The Discharge of the lake, as the little river which connects it with the Jacques Cartier is cal- ed, is a highly picturesque sti'eam flowing through a dense forest, some splendid pines sj^ringing up out of the margin of the water on each side. A canoe might be procured here to proceed up the the river, within a short distance of the lake with w^hich the communication is cut oil' by a very beautiful rapid. Good trout fishing can be had at tnis spot. The Jacques Cartier river, so called in com- memoration of the adventurous navigator who was erroneously supposed to have wintered at 174 THU ENVIRONS. 1 its mouthy takes its rise among some small lakes in the north and joins the St. Lawrence after a wild and romantic course of nearly fifty miles. The scenery along its banks is beautifully diver- sified and rises occasionally to magnificenee. la many places the river is wide, deep and still but in general thenavig.ation isinteirupted by violent rapids and cascades. About nine miles from its confluence with the St. Lawrence is Dayree's Bridge below which excellent .salnion-fishing is sometimes to be had. A prec!])itous fall of some height j)revents the ascent of the fish above this spot. A Canadian named Dayree resides in a cottage at the bridge where sportsmen are provi- ded with comfortable quarters. The fishing is, however, greatly injured by the poaching of this individual who, in virtue of his lease, captures the salmon with a net at the foot of the fall, Jind detains them in a i-eservoir on the bank of the river. For nearly a mile below the bridge there is in general excellent sport, and several deep holes in which the fish seek a temporary relief from the violence of the current have attained considerable celebrity. They are distinguished by names for which they are indebted to the Canadians in the neighborhood and which may serve strangers as a guide to their locality. The Trou Noir is immediately below the garden of Dayree's cottage, close to the bridge. On the opposite side of the river is the Grand Eets and me small lakes wrence after a rly fifty miles, lutifully tlivor- ^nififenee. la p and still but pted by violent miles from its [?e is Dayree's moii-fisliing is us fall of some fish above this »e resides in a mett are provi- Tho fishing is, mehiiig of this 3ase, captures >f the fall, and le bank of the e bridge there several deep nporary relief have attained distinguished debted to the d which may locality. The the garden of Ige. On the and Bets and THE ENVIRON!. 175 lower down the Petit Rets, Still further down where the river commences to open is one of the best holes called L'Hopital from a quaint notion that the fish stop here until they recover from the fatigues of their passage. The distance from Quebec to Dayree's bridge is about twenty five miles. The road by Carouge and the bank of the St. Lawrence commands a beautiful pros- pect, nor is that by St. Foy and St. Augustin inferior in the beautv of its views, so that stran- gers would do well to change their route in re- turning from the river. THE ISLANP OF ORLEANS. This beautiful island is one of the most in- teresting objects in the prospect from the city. Its well cultivated fields sloping to the water's edge are charmingly contrasted with the dark forest that covers its high banks. It serves as a shelter to the bay on the east where it divides the river into the north and south channel, the distance across the bay from the city being near- ly four miles. The length of the island is nine- ! 1 ! ; 176 TUS ENVIKONS. I V r teen niiles and its greatest breadth about five and a half. It contains five parishes, with a population of nearly five thousand souls, St. Pierre and Ste. P^amillo on the north, and on the southern side St. Laurent, St. Jean and St. Francois. Tiiere is a stone convent at Ste. Fa- mille in which the nuns keep a Seminary for the education of young girls. The beaches on the northern chore are in general low and marshy and afford occasionally good shooting. Patrick's HolOf about nine miles from the city on the south side of the island, is a sheltered cove with excellent anchorage at which outward- bound vessels frequently await their final in- structions before leaving the port. It affords I security also to vessels arriving early in the spring before the ice has broken up. At Anse au Maraud the Columbus, an enormous vessel of 3700 tons register carrying four masts, was launched in 1824. In the following year another vessel of similar magnitude, the Baron of Ren- frewy was launched here, these vessels being con- structed with the view of breaking them up in England and saving the duty on the lumber of which they were composed. This object was however defeated as it was decided that a voyage must first be made out of England. The Colum- btis returned to this country and was wrecked on her way out, while the other was lost on the coast of France on her voyage home. il'iilb THE ajevmoifs. 177 The soil of the Island is exceedingly fertile, its fruit in particular l>einjr said to be superior to ruiV below the district of Montreal. It would afford a verv desirable spot for the country re- sidence of the inhabitants of Quebc»c, but that the moans are wanting for a regular communica- ilou with the city. n - THE HERMITAQS. This romantic ay»p<*llation has been given to a ruin in tho iovQ^t ui Bourc: Roval about seven miles from QiiL'bec. Those vho cie led from its desitrnation to anticipate a ))ictureg'Oiie pilo on which the ctt'acing f n9:ers of time ha;e «ihed additional interest will be rather disappointed when they find but the stone walls of a substan- tial dwelling house. Bi t its chief interest is derived from the tale of love and ienlousv with which it is associ.fted. lliis invests its isolated situation with the princij al attraction in the eyes of visitors who, recalling the fatal legend, " inly ruminate the danger" of indulging to ex- cess those fatal passions. In the early part of ! ; t s ^ 171 ni EinrmoHs. the last century M. B^gon the Intendant select- ed this spot for the residence of a lady ii?hom he found it necessary lo protect from the watch. ful jealousy of his wife. In the midst of a thick forest, which even at the present day is |)enet ra- ted with (litficulty, h«' must have deemed his precautions (lompictr aiid tlio lady's Kafety, if net her comfort, su(;ure in this secluded hahitatioii. But time revealed to the injured wife the cliio to this fatal bower where the tragedy of Eleanor find Rosamond was enacted again, the life of i" hapless occupant being sacrificed to tbo^,,.y f,f her rival, if wo are tocredi<^ ^h^' account which tradition has handed uown to us. The clear- ance in which the ruins stand comprises hut a few acres surrounded by the forest. The relics of the garden and other indications of remote occupation still exist. A small trout stream runs near it which fi»^dj> its way to the St. Law- rence at the Priests' Farm in the Beauport Hoad and which from the mineial pr(-j»ertiesc»f its water is never frozen. This peculiarity, which seems •till more singular when the mighty St. Law- rence has yielded to the influence of the cli- XDate, is also observed in the%small streams that crosa the road at the village If St. Pierre. THE ST. LAWRCNCK BELOW QUEBEC. The scenery between Montreal and Quebec not being very striking the traveller has little occasion to regret that the night is chiefly oc- ciipied in the passage, so that the departure from the former and arrival at the latter city are the sole opportunities for indulging a taste for the picturesque. The first place of any importance passed on the way down is William Henry or Sorely forty five miles from Montreal on the south shore at the confluence of the Richelieu with the St. Lawrence. It is built on the site of a fort erec- ted by the French in 1()65 as a protection against the attacks of the Iroquois. Its popu- lation at present is about two thousand. On leaving Sorel we enter Lake St. Peter which is nearly twenty five mdes long. Being merely an expansion of the river the channel for shipping is very narrow. At the western opening of the lake there are numeroua islands. 180 THE 8T. 7.AWRZNCE BELOW QUEBEC. |i ti i"li l! Three Elvers h about halfway to Quebec at the mouth of the river St. Maurice. This is one of the oldest towns in the ])rovinco having been scttJed in 1618 as a depot for tlio trade in furs carrieil on with the nariv^^s. It Iwis not oxliihit- ed. howtver, niiich piogrosvion in imi'/ortanoe "when compared with Quebec or Montreal, its population being at pre>ent under four thousand souls. Its principal buildings are the Ursuline Convent, foundt'd by the BioJiopde St. Valier in 1677 as a female seminary and hospital, the Protestant and Catliolie churclies, the Court- house, Jail and Barracks. A regular steam eonmiunication "wi^h the ports on the St. Lawrence below Quebec has long been wanting, the only means of enjoying the scenery or proceedii^.g to the Watering places having hitherto })een sup])lied by schooners, a convrvance of which few were Tvilling to avail themselves. This season, how- ever, several steamers have been engaged in making regular excursions to places of interest between Quebec and the Saguenay, which noble river all ary along itis for that pur- tnmer. The ta rise In Lake about forty able number ble for small of its cur- endous cliffs of grandeur ;s confluence or a distance fed to yield to its impulse. The breadth of the St. Lawrence at this point is upwards of twenty miles and that of the Sag\ieiiay rather loss than a mile. The greatest elevation at its mouth is on the westerly sirle which is nine hundred and twelve feet in height. On the opposite side it is five hundred and eighty-eight feet. The highest point to which navigation extends for large vessels is Chicoutimiy sixty eight miles from the mouth, above which the rapids render the communication with the Lake exceedingly ha- zardous, except with experienced canoemen. The various advantages presented by this noble river, its safe and commodious harbors, the fertility of the soil, especially on the southern bank, and the comparative mildness of the climate, point it out as a most desirable place for settlement. Its resources in lumber must also be considera- ble, and already several saw- mills are establish- ed on its banks,so that few years may be ex- pected to elapse before the stillness which reigns at present in this wild region yields to the stir and bustle of commercial enterprise. " The depth of the Saguenay at its mouth in mid-channel has not been ascertained ; Capt. Martin could not find bottom with 330 fathoms of line. At the distance of one hundred fa- thoms from the shore vessels anchor in twelve or fourteen fathoms, and the bottom is good. About two miles higher up it has been repeat- ill .' ;t 1^ It % IM THB 8A0DXKAT. \ |i ::■ I edly sounded from 130 to 140 fathoms ; and from 60 to 70 miles from the St. Lawrence its depth is found from 50 to 60 fatlioms." *' The climate of the Saguenay is good and similar to, if not better than, that of Quebec, al- though the autumnal frosts are felt there earlier : the climate is, however, inferior to that of Lake St. John, where the frost is said to commence from fifteen to twenty days later. At Chicou- timi the land is fit for tillage in May, and straw- berries have been eaten there on the 17th of June." " Tadoussac Harbor is on the N. E. side of the mouth of the river ; it is sheltered from al- most every wind and is very deep. It is situ- ated in long. 69° 13' W. and lat. 48° 6' 44.'' The capaciousness of this harbor is variously represented ; some persons think that it could not contain above five or six vessels and even these would be under the necessity of carrying anchors ashore ; while others assert that it is capable of affording shelter and anchorage for a number of vessels of a large size, and that twenty-five ships of war might ride in safety. The highest tide rises twenty-one feet. The company holding the King's Posts have a post here for carrying on their trade with the In- dians ; it comprehends nine buildings employed M stores, shops, &c. besides the post-house^ which is sixty feet by twenty^ and a chapel of ithoms ; and Lawrence ita ms." is good and f Quebec, al- hero e.-irlier : that of Lake D commence At Chicou- r, and straw- i the 17th of N. E. side of ?rcd from al- . It is situ- 48° 6' 44/ is variously ;hat it could (Is and even of carrying ert that it is inchorage for ze, and that de in safety. feet. The I have a post with the In- igs employed post-house, I a chapel of THC SAOUBNAT. 187 twenty-five feet by twenty. A missionary visit* this post every year and passes some time. The only ])lace of residence here is erected on a bank of sandy alluvium, elevated about fifty feet above the river, forming a flat terrace at the base of the mountain which suddenly emerges at a short distance behind. This residence is a neat one-story building of commodious size, having a very tolerable garden, which, with other cultivated spots about the place, produce* the vegetables for the inhabitants of the post. The scenery of the post, as viewed from the river in coming up the harbor or doubling the point of L' Islet, is particularly pleasing. The traveller beholds with pleasure the red roof and spire of the chapel with tlie surrounding buil- dings, and the range of small field-pieces on the edge of the plain which extends to the foot of the mountains that rise to a considerable height, in m: ny places discovering the naked rocks, or. exh-iiting the destructive effects of the fire that has thinned the woods which clothed their summits, leaving occasionally the tall pine clipped of its branches soaring above the dwarf growth of spruce and birch that has suc- ceeded to the Joftier timber. He likewise sees the beautiful growth of fir trees rising in a« many cones upon the terrace, which was once tiie seat of the fortifications of the French, si- tuated on the west side of the creek which runf ■in 188 TH« SAeiTENAT. I I down from the hills, whose craggy summits eontrast with peculiar effect with the firs below. The harbor is formed by the peninsula or L'ls- let, which separates it from the Saguenay on the S. W. and the main shore on the N. E., about a third of a mile across and near half a mile in dopth at low water, wliich rise; twentj'^- one feet pcrpcnrlieiilar in oh hours tide. The beach, on which there are extensive salmon fisheries, extends out a considerable distance, materially contracting the dimensions of the harbor." " The passage of the waters of the Saguenay to Ha- Ha Bay, a distance of fifty miles, IS one of the wonders of nature. They pene- trate through a mountainous tract, composed of sienite granite, forming an immense canal in many places, with banks of perpendicular rocks rising from a thousand to fifteen hundred feet above the surface of the river, which is from a hundred to a hundred and fifty fathoms deep nearly the whole wav, and from a mile to three miles broad. The power and pride of man is as much humbled in some parts of this tremen- dous chasm as in the immediate presence of Niagara Falls. In many places the largest ves- sel may run close to the perpendicular rocks, with one hundred fathoms water. There are, however, several coves with good anchorage. In Ha* Ha Bay the Navy of England might 1 1 THB 8A0UE»AT. 189 rido, in from five to eighty fathoms. At twelve miles below Chicoiitimi, whioh is distant sixty- eieculiar to these northern latitudes. " " Ha~Ha Bay or Bate des Has, called by the Indians Heskuewaska, is on the S. side of the rivfcf and so perfect in its resemblance to the main channel of the Saguenay, that vojagers are often misled by its appearance. There are various opinions as to the origin of its name, • x t. i! '^^^ I ( i ■ 1 i i \ m -^ 1 199 TAB SAODENAT. but the most prevalent opinion is, that it is thus called on account of the sudden l>end hero form- ed by the river; tliis unexpected detour indueos the voyagor to exclaim lia-IIa! being struck with surprise at seeing the opening of a mw prospect. This bay, the point being doubled, is about seven leagues' from Chieoutimi, fioni which it is se])arate mouth of the river. The outlines of this bay form a basin of two leagues and a half in width and about seven, or as some assert nine, miles in- land. The anchorage, which is very good, varies from lifteen to thirtv-five fathoms, ami the bay forms a harbor in which vessels of any size woukl tind comi)l(}te shelter from all win«ls. The land in its vicinity is good and fit for cul- tivation, and the bay is l)ordered by prairies of considerable extent. Into the liead of the bay the rivers W ipuseool and \'asigamenk^ run from the north. In the middle of the bay is a small rock which forms a little promontory on the north side, lla-lla Bay is supposed to be des- tined to become, in course of time, the entre- pot of the Saguenay. It appears to be destined by nature as the principal seat of the commerce, trade and agriculture of all the Sa- guenay country, for the following reasons : 1 st. For the extensive tract of level land that lies about it and extends to Lake Kiguagomi and THE SAOUfiNAY. s, that it is thus Ijt'nd hero forin- l detour indiu-ou I ! being struck 'iiinc: of a m;w IxMiiu: doul)le(i, hicoutimi, from le of land tiftcfu leagues from th*? ines of this })ay a hidf in width i*t nine, miles iii- is very good, e fathoms, and 3h vessels of any • from all winds. and fit for cul- d by prairies of lieatl of the bay imenk^ run fr(»iii bay is a small inontory on the ])osed to be des- tinie, the entre- appears to be 'ipal seat of the 'e of all the Sa- ng reasons : ] st. el land that lies Kiguagomi and Chicoutimi. 2dly. For the harbor it affords for the largest vessels of the line, which can sail directly into the bay with nearly the same wind by which they ascend the Saguenay, and anchor in the second bay, which is in the shape of a basin and which would be a fit site for a mart of trade. 3dlv. 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