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-r^^^r^
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KJO
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VVU-s^
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH RESCUED BY POCAHONTAS.
Pack iio.
•n1
-^12'*/*!^
)NTAS.
'age 1 10.
R
HEROES
or
Romantic + Adventure
LORD CI^IVK
CAI^TAIN JOHIsr SMITH
GOOD KNIGHT HAYAHD
OAIIIBALDI
D. & J. SADLIER & CO.
NO. 13 NOTRE DAME ST. WEST,
MONTREAL, Canada.
LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS.
Page
Captain John Smith rescued by Pocahontas Frontispiece
Portrait of Lord Clive 7
Aurungzebe—Froni a Native Drawing , 13
Battle of Plassey 53
Lord Clive leaving India... 67
Captain John Smith j^4
Captain Smith victorious over the Turk gg
Guiseppe Garibaldi , 200
69U26
4
»tA,
CONTENTS.
Page
rontispiece
7
13
63
67
74
86
200
LORD CLIVE-
I'aientage and birth— Addicted to fighting— Loved peril and
adventure— Writership in the East India Company— Sea-voyage
to India— Gloomy condition and attempted suicide— A duel-
Sketch of Indian history at this period -Capture of Madras and
Fort George by Labourdonnais— Clive's galla .'haviour at the
siege of Fort St George— Madras restored to the English-
Success of Dupleix— Clive's success at Trichinopoly— The siege
of Arcot— The turning-point in the career of the English— Clive
casts down the monument erected to Dupleix— A narrow escape
—Presence of mind— Reduction of the forts of Kovilan and
Chingaipat-Overtasked— Marriage and flattering reception in
England— Clears off the debts from the Styche property— Enters
Parliament- Returns again to India— Proceeds against Surajah
Dowlah-Chandernagore capitulates— The two treaties— Victory
at Plassey— the new Nabob presents Clive with ;^20o,ooo-
Vizagapatam retaken -French power in India destroyed— Clive's
wealth-Victory over the Dutch at Chinsura-Clive returns to
England — Splendid reception — Created Baron of Plassey—
Anarchy and confusion in Bengal-Clive returns to India-Order
and prosperity restored under Clive's administration-Leaves
India for the third and last time-Examined by a Select Com-
m.ttee of the House of Commons as to his conduct in India-
Restlessness and return of fits of depression-Takes opium-
Comnits suicide-IIis grave at Moreton-Say-Macaulay's judg-
ment of Clive T> ^
Pages 7-72
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH-
Birth-early education at Alford and Louth-Apprenticed
to a merchant-Accompanies Lord Uilloughl^y to Orleans-
Becomes a soldier-Serves in the Lqw Countries-Visits Scotland
-Returns to Willoughby-Defe-mines to join the Christian army
agamst the lurks-IIas adventures in France-In Rome- Enters
Uie service of the Duke of Austria-Victory over a Turk-
Found woundcd-SoId as a slave to Adrianople-Tragabigzanda
-Sent to Cnm-Tartary-Escape from slaveiy-Wanders into
Russia-Gifts^from Duke Sigismund-Travels through Gelm ny
France, and Spain- Visits Morocco -Adventures at Sea-Enters
6 CONTENTS.
into a project to colonise Virginia— Joins the expedition of 1606
—Arrival at Chesapeake Bay— Misery of the early colonists -
Jamestown-Smith excluded Aom the Council-Dealings xviih
the Indians-Smith captured by natives on the Chickahominy
River- Saved by the intercession of Pocahontas, daughter of
the chief — Arrival of the /'/«•«/>- Smith starts on a tradin-r
voyage-Wounded by a fish— Death apprehended-Confusion
at Jamestown-Survey of Chesapeake Bay— Smith elected presi-
dent— Dealings with Powhatan— Hostility of the natives— The
first marriage— Smith intimidates the natives— The story of
P :ahontas— Death of Pocahontas— Professor Arber's opinion of
the story of Pocahontas— Progress of the settlement— Smith
blown up with gunpowder— His departure for England— His
private sailing venture— His further exploration of Virginia-
Authorship and Death 75-142
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD-
Ancestry, and birth at Chateau Bayard-A father's interview with
his four children— Bayard's choice of a profession— The Bishop
of Grenoble introduces him to Duke Charles of Savoy— Becomes
a page to the Duke— His appearance before Charles VIU. at
Ainay— Page to the Lord de Ligny— His passage of anns with
Claude de Vaudray— Takes pait in a tournament— Bayard
acquits himself gallantly— A tourney at Carignano— Gallant
behaviour at Milan— Takes a Spanish knight prisoner— Combat
with Don Alonzo— How he kept the bridge over the Garigliano
against 200 Spaniards— Gailant conduct at the siege of Padua-
Severe illness— Battle of the Spurs— Receives liis death-wound-
His virtues 143-199
GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI-
Birth and parentage— A bright brave lad fond of adventure—
A .'ilendid swimmer— Starts with some companions to seek his
fortune— A sailor in the merchant-service— First sight of Rome
—111 at Constantinople— An exile— J "ns the Republicans of
Rio Grande against Brazil— His treatment of Brazilian prisoners
—Cruel treatment— Shipwrecked— Engagement with Brazilian
cruisers— Bravery of Anita Garibaldi— Garibaldi keeps his ground
with 184 Italians against 1500 Brazilians -Leaves South America
—Arrival in Italy— Garibaldi's volunteers take the field— Drives
the French from Rome— Routs the Neapolitans at Palestrina
and Vclletri— Personal appearance of Garibaldi— Sicily free-
Later expeditions— Retirement to Caprera,and death 200-224
lition of 1606
ly colonists —
dealings with
-hickahominy
daughter of
on a traclir.'i^
d — Confusion
elected presi-
natives — The
"he story of
's opinion of
ment — Smith
England — His
f Virginia —
75-142
iterview with
-The Bishop
)y — Becomes
les VIII. at
)f arms with
ent— Bayard
mo — Gallant
ler— Combat
e Garigliano
of Padua —
ith-wound —
I43-J99
adventure —
to seek his
ht of Rome
)ublicans of
an prisoners
h Brazilian
3 his ground
ith America
eld — Drives
: Palestrina
icily free —
2CX3-224
HEROES
OF
ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
LORD CLIVE.
I'OBERT CLIVE, the founder of British
supremacy in India, was born on the 29th
of September 1725, at a place called
Styche, in the parish of Moreton-Say,
near Markct-Drayton, Shropshire. His
father, Mr Richard Clive, was an attorney
ni indifferent practice ; his mother, a high-minded,
s
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
Robert, the eldest of a family of thirteen children
was sent when li.tle ,„ore than twfy L ' mTo
reside with a Mr Bavl^u lu,. ri- . "',^ °'°' «»
at Hon^ H,iT ^.T' '-''^^^ brother-in-law,
at Hope Hall, near Manchester, where he aonears
wh^rh ™ "■'"=' ~""' ■""* -nonitory kinK
r:nrco';=\:™::d'„eittrc? 't^ -"°-
of .he boy, -to the n,o?e":rabir,lTttr:rn,t*
ness, benevolence, and patience' R.7 u , .
completed his seventh ye^r twas de^cl^^d t ^u
of measure addicted to fighting.' When a Tttt /
«:t ^ 'r p'7"^'^^ '^'^ -:ra t ti"
f mL ,1 ";!• '^^'' "'^ P"'-P°== of overflow ng
nual L /;• ""'^ ""= °^™<='- of which they had
quarrelled, Clive at once threw his bodv infn ll
C^;epafrerr"'-^T'* ""'" "^ ™^«"''ad
Dcen repa red. A m.schievous, intractable urchin
the author,,,es of the various schools through S
trate the temperament of the reckless bov- h.
ascended the lofty church-tower at Ma^loi^to;
and let himself down several feet ov»r the na-anrt
upon a stone spout shaped at the top like a drago'^s
LORD CLIVE. rt
head, for the mere pleasure of bestriding it, and
jerking from that position two or three stones that
had lodged upon the spout ! Mr Clive had intended
to make a lawyer of him, but the lad's unconquer-
able dishke of the profession compelled the aban-
donment of that purpose, and a writership in the
liast India Company's service-an appointment of
slight ?;«;//,'^,^/^ value in those days-was procured
Z . T \ ^t ^f ^''' "^twichstanding, remaining
constant to his frequently expressed opinion, that"
except m the fighting line, 'the brainless booby'
world. He sailed in the spring of 1743 for Madras
encountered a long and dangerous voyage, the
unseaworthy ship in which he embarked havinc.
been compelled to put in at Brazil for repairs, where
It remained nine months ; and another delay occur-
ring at the Cape, it was not till the autumn of 1744
that he reached his destination. During his com-
pulsory sojourn at Brazil, he so far mastered his
dislike of such studies as to acquire a tolerable
knowledge of the Portuguese language-a sol tary
instance on his part of that kind oflppHcatln k
being no less true than strange, that this remarkable
person was never able to hold five minutes' con
versation with the inhabitants of the coun J whose
future he so powerfully shaped and controlled
The only person in Madras to whom Robert
Chve had a letter of introduction had sailed for
England previous to his arrival there; and tt
friendless young man-he was barely nineteen_.^s
meTthe '^"''V? ^ ''''' of pecuniary em'barrass:
ment, the unusual length of the voyage having not
10
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
only exhausted his slender purse, but compelled
hini to borrow money of the captain of the ship,
upon the security of his salary as a writer. That
salary, even if unencumbered, was a miserably in-
adequate one, and he could only hope to better his
fortunes after many years of drudging clerk-work,
which he detested, by availing himself of the fraudu-
lent facilities offered to the practised grasp of the
elder servants of the Company, by the system of
• private trade,' the nature of which we shall have
presently to explain. Under these circumstances,
shunning society, upon which he had no claim, and
for which he felt slight aptitude, straitened in
present means, and almost despairing of the future,
it is not surprising that the irritable, restless spirit
of the misplaced clerk darkened into a morbid
gloominess of mind, from which he was never after-
wards wholly free except during the excitement of
gaming, of war, or of political strife and antagonism—
an unnatural state of being that ultimately grew to
be a condition of existence. He was found one day
in his private room. Writer's Buildings, by a fellow-
clerk, whilst suffering under one of these accesses of
gloom and wretchedness, with a pistol on the table
before him. ' Fire that pistol out of the window,'
said Clive abruptly. The clerk did so ; and as the
report rang through the apartment, Robert Clive,
who had a sort of dreamy faith in Destiny, leaped
exultingly to his feet, and exclaimed: 'There is
something reserved for me to do then Twice
I vainly snapped that pistol at my own head !' He
was not only, it is clear, exceedingly reckless in his
general habits, but likewise grossly imprudent in his
LORD CLIVE.
fl
demeanour towards his official superiors, and, as a
necessary consequence, always involved in debt and
personal disputes. Upon one occasion, the governor
of Madras ordered him to apologise for some in-
jurious language he had used towards a secretary
As a refusal would have been followed by im-
mediate dismissal from the service, Clive sullenly
obeyed the distasteful mandate, whereupon the
placable, good-natured official asked him to dine and
take part of a bottle of wine with him. ' No, sir,'
was Clive's fierce reply ; ' I have not been ordered to
dine with you.'
Another anecdote, strongly illustrative of the un-
flniching resolution which characterised him through
life, may be related here, although the incident itself
occurred some months later, after he had taken
refuge at Fort St David, subsequently to the capture
of Madras by the French. Having nothing to
occupy his time even in the way of clerkship, he
one day sought to while away the lingering hours
by gaming, and speedily lost a considerable sum at
cards to two officers, whom he not long afterwards
detected in the act of cheating. Clive immediately
declared he would never pay what he was now
convmced he had unfairly lost ; a violent quarrel
ensued, and one of the officers demanded immediate
'satisfaction.' As Clive had not the slightest objec-
tion to that mode of liquidating his debt, the duel
came off at once ; and each combatant being armed
with a loaded pistol, it was agreed that they should
slowly advance towards each other, either to fire
when he pleased. Clive fired first, missed, and was
at the mercy of his adversary, who stepped close up,
12
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
held hJs pistol to Clive's head, and bade him ask his
iile. C ive did so ; an apology was next demanded,
and flatly refused.
'Then I will shoot you,' savagely exclaimed the
triumphant swindler.
' Shoot .''replied Clive. ' I said you cheated, and
I say so still.'
The astonished officer lowered his pistol, mutter-
ing as he did so that the fellow was mad, and the
affair terminated. This has been made the subject
of a powerful iwem by Robert Browning, in his
JJramattc Idylls (second series).
Robert Clive's wearying and unprofitable clerk-
life was fortunately not of very long duration ; there
was work to which few men would have been equal
appointed for him to do ; and the signal announcing
tha the hour was at hand when he must commence
that hfe-task, was the clash of hostilities between
trance and England, who had ranged themselves
on opposite sides in the Austrian war of succession,
which breaking out in 1745, soon afterwards ex-
tended to every part of the globe where the rival
nations were within reach of each other. But in
order to render this sketch of Robert Clive's bold
deeds and astute high-reaching policy intelligible to
the general reader, it is necessary that we should
first briefly review the actual and precedent condi-
tion of the country in which he was destined to
achieve so great a reputation.
The_ M'.gul-Mussulman dynasty, founded upon
the ruins of many native sovereignties, which had
so long ruled by force, fraud, and policy, over the
vast and variously peopled countries of India, showed
LORD CLIVE.
'3
unmistakable symptoms of decay as early as the
middle of the seventeenth century; and Aurungzebe
who died in i;o7, was the last of the princes of the
House of Tamerlane in whose hands the imperial
sceptre of the Moguls was wielded with vigour and
authority. But the tradition of imperial sway long
survived the practical extinction of the rule of the
.^»*%
/^
Aurungzebe.— From a Native Drawing.
Moguls, and the subahdars, nizams, nabobs, rajahs
amongst whom the territory of India was divided
and subdivided, continued to profess allegiance to
the powerless puppets enthroned at Delhi, who, sunk
in luxurious effeminacy, were content to barter
the reality for the shadow of authority, and such
grudgingly-paid tribute as enabled them to pass
their degraded lives in idleness and sensuality.
The fatal consequences of this breaking up of the
Mogul s dominions into practically ind.-endent and
14 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
mutually jealous and hostile principalities, were not
slow in developing themselves. Kouli-Khan. better
known as Nadir-Shah, crossed the Indus with his
rersians. smote Delhi with fire and sword, and
earned off treasures of fabulous value, amongst
which by the way, was the famous diamond ' Moun-
tam of Light,' which now glitters in the diadem of
gueen Victoria; the Afghan mountaineers repeatedly
swept the districts within reach of their terrible in-
cursions; the warlike rajputs of North-western India
shook off the Moslem yoke. Most formidable of
all internal enemies, the fierce Mahratta clans, in-
habiting the vast mountain-range or ghats extending
along the western coast from about Surat to Cape
Comorin, descended in multitudes from their hill-
fastnesses to overrun ai d ravage Hindustan ; finally
succeeded in establishing.themselves in unchalleno-ed
dominion at Poona, Sattara, Gwalior. Gujerat,
lierar, and Tanjore ; and their power remained
essentially intact until after the fall of Tipu
Sultan, when it was irretrievably shattered by the
sword of Wellington at Assaye. The Mahrattas
themselves acknowledged no allegiance to the Delhi
emperors; but the countries in which they had
erected their strongholds were, nevertheless, pre-
sumed to be under the jurisdiction of the imperial
lieutenants. For instance, the viceroyalty of the
Deccan-literally, the south-nominally comprised
the whole of the country south of the Nerbudda
River, and was supposed to be governed by the
Nizam, who held his court at Hydrabad. But
precisely as the Nizam strove to render himself de
Jacto independent of the emperor, so did the nabobs
LORD CLIVE.
IS
and rajahs, between whom the Deccan was sub-
divided, in their turn resist and defy, whenever it
was possible to do so, his authority.
Such was the state of chronic anarchy to which
India was reduced about a century after the Enghsh,
timidly following in the bolder footsteps of the
Portuguese. Dutch, and French adventurers, obtained,
m 1612, by the contemptuous favour of the Great
Mogul, permission to erect their warehouses at
Surat. Their after progress was slow, feeble, and
irresolute. In 1640. Mr Broughton, a surgeon who
had gamed the favour of the Emperor Shah Jehan
by savmg the life of a favourite daughter, procured
them— for a consideration— leave to establish them-
selves in Bengal, on the Hoogly branch of the
Ganges, a settlement transferred in 1686 to Calcutta
In 1656, the Madras establishment on the Coro-
mandel coast was formed ; and in 1686, Bombay
part of the dower brought to Charles II. by his
Portuguese queen, Catherine, was taken possession
01 by the Company. In 1702. the rival English
companies were united, and the new charter con-
ferred upon the Court of Directors the ri^xht to
raise troops and make war and peace in India,
liiis privilege the Directors were extremely loath
to avail themselves of, the idea of a great central
power enthroned at D.elhi, continuing to haunt and
scare theni long after the authority of the emperors
had dwmdled to little better than an effete and
last-ladmg superstition.
Robert rKv^r 1 /" P'^^^"^ "^'^ 'hat when
Robert Chve landed at Mad-as, the Company's
li HEROES OF ROMAN ii'C ADVENTURE.
settlements were still limited to those just enumer-
ated, with the exception of Cuddalore, on the
Coromandel coast, and Vizagapatam, at about the
centre of the seaboard of the Northern Circars,
which separate the province of Bengal from the
Carnatic. The entire offensive and defensive forces
attached to the Company's establishments, so far
as Eastern India was concerned, consisted at the
same period of a few score English soldiers ; a not
much greater number of badly armed and worse
disciplined sepoys ; and three forts of no great
strength — Fort William at Calcutta, Fort George
at Madras, and Fort St David at Cuddalore;
whilst the possibility of effective resistance to a
serious attack by the native princes was not dreamed
of by the superior officials of the Company.
Both the Dutch and French companies appear
to have taken a far juster measure of the actual
condition of India, and the field it presented to the
enterprise of a bold, aggressive ambition, than their
English rivals. The Dutch, in 1744, were firmly
established in Batavia and Ceylon, and possessed,
besides, a flourishing establishment, strongly par-
risoned, at Chinsura, considerably higher up the
Hoogly than Calcutta. France, since the orf .''■".-
tion of the French East India Company in 1664,
under the inspiration and guidance of Colbert, had
gradually acquired a very formidable position in
the ^ndlan seas, and now possessed all the Spice
IsJ^.n-. : :d thr? Mauritius, together with Pondi-
che!:y V t -y.-i Coromandel coast, between Madras
and C iu "^.iore, and v uandernagore on the Hoogly,
between Chinsura and Calcutta. Dupleix, the
RE.
it enumer-
2, on the
about the
n Circars,
from the
sive forces
Its, so far
ed at the
irs ; a not
md worse
no great
't George
uddalore ;
ince to a
t dreamed
»
es appear
he actual
:ed to the
:han their
:re firmly
possessed,
ngly rar-
r up M
orf,o,' ;>\.
in 1664,
Ibert, had
Dsition in
:he Spice
h Pondi-
1 Madras
i Hoofflv,
leix, the
LORD CLIVE.
17
governor of Pondicherry, a capable, ambitious man,
of grcnt politicn: power if not personal daring, had'
moreover. lately obtained a large reinforcement of
French regular troops, and disciplined great numbers
of scipoys after the European model.
The relative positions of the rival Indian com-
panics were in this unsatisfactory state, in an
English point of view, when Admiral Labour-
donnais, the able governor of the Mauritius, having
not long after the commencement of hostilities
between France and England, achieved a temoorary
mantmie superiority in the Indian seas, made a
descent (ir45) upon the Coromandel coast, and
after a feeble resistance, captured Madras and Fort
C^eorge. The English were treated as prisoners of
war on parole, and Labourdonnais pledged himself
to restore the city upon payment of a moderate
ransom. These terms of capitulation were, how-
ever, contemptuously set aside by Dupleix, under
the pretext that he alone was authorised to repre-
sent France upon the continent of India. He sent
an officer to assume th. permanent government of
Madras, and required the English to renew their
i mj-le unconditionally. This scandalous breach of
lai h of course absolved the English from the
obligation of the conditional promise first required
of them ; and all who could, escaped to Fort St
David. Amongst them was Clive, who fled in the
disguise of a Mussulman, accompanied by his friend
and future brother-.n-law, Mr Maskelyne. In the
hope o deriving a greater and more decisive success
wh'ch tL?^ ^°' ^'f'''' *"^°"^ '^' consternation
which that event produced in the English settle-
I8
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVEx\TURE.
ments, Dupleix, as speedily as possible, concen-
David ^ ^""^ ^^'"^ ''^^^ ^^ ^^'■^ St
The French troops had no sooner commenced
operations, than Robert Chve found his true voca-
tion ; and the cloud that was fast settling upon his
jnte lect fled for a time, like mist before the morning
light. He appears to have acted throughout the
siege as a sort of volunteer, unattached, sharp-
shooter ; and wherever an attack was to be repulsed
a danng sortie to be hazarded, there, foremost of
all, glittered young Clive's bayonet, quickest, dead-
liest, rang out his musket-fire. Dupleix raised the
TF- '7 A P'^^'P'^^t'^" "PO" the appearance of
Admiral Griffin off the coast ; and the zeal and
valour by which Clive had distinguished himself
procured him an ens.gncy in the Company's service
--a commission that did not, however, remove him
from the civil service, except during actual hostilities,
which terminated, he returned, as of course, to the
duties of the counting-house. In 1748, Admiral
Boscawen, after failing in his attack upon the
Mauritius, disembarked his forces in the Carnatic
and laid unsuccessful siege to Pondicherry, in which
by no means brilliant enterprise Ensign Clive dis-
played his characteristic energy and daring, and that
so strikingly as to incur the jealous enmity of
several 'regular' officers, who were indio-nant thit
a 'mere clerk 'should presume to exhibit^ mllita;
skill and audacity to which themselves could make
no pretension ; and several quarrels, all tending by
tlicir results tn incre.qsp thn ' m^^^ ) i f >
for .,M^ -r "l"'^^^^^^ the mere clerk's' reputation
ior unquaihng bravery, were the consequence. One
ENTURE.
ossible, concen-
■ge to Fort St
tier commenced
I his true voca-
:ttling upon his
3re the morning
throughout the
ttached, sharp-
to be repulsed,
re, foremost of
quickest, dead-
'leix raised the
appearance of
the zeal and
uished himself
npany's service
ir, remove him
tual hostilities,
course, to the
748, Admiral
ck upon the
the Carnatic,
lerry, in which
ign ChVe dis-
Lring, and that
us enmity of
tidignant that
ibit a mih'tary
5 could make
II tending by
's ' reputation
^uence. One
LORD CLIVE.
19
officer who insulted him, and afterwards declined to
fight a duel, was compelled to leave the service.
Soon after Boscawen's abortive attempt upon
Pondicherry, news that peace had been concluded
between France and England arrived in India;
active warfare immediately ceased, Madras was
restored to the English, and Robert Clive returned
to Writer's Buildings and his hated clerk drudgery.
The slight preliminary collision just sketched had,
however, sufficed to convince the shrewder men on
both sides that permanent peace in India between
the rival companies was thenceforth impossible, and
that if one was to establish itself firmly there, the
other must be driven from its shores. Both parties
acted forthwith upon this conviction, and strenu-
ously exerted themselves to gain partisans amongst
the native princes, with whom the ultimate decision
was supposed to rest ; and the result was, that in
that unproclaimcd but not the less venomous and
deadly war of conspiracy and circumvention, the
English, who, says a contemporary historian, ' acted
throughout with great indiscretion, and the French
with the utmost ambition/ were thoroughly over-
reached and worsted.
The death of Ul Mulk, Nizam of the Dcccan, in
1748, emboldened Dupleix to substitute the sword
for the pen, the open assault for the secret and far
deadlier mine-a disastrous exchange, as events
ultimately fell out, thanks to the yet unguessed-at
military and governmental genius of the youthful
clerk, plodding through the doleful days at Writer's
Buildings amidst ledgers, invoices, and bills of
lading. Comprised in the vast extent of country
if
i
^O HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE
fifty Ja hunud'n width" T"l'"''^"'' ^"' fro-
inland by the Hasten? Gat3 ^Jl^^l '"""^^ ^""""^^
the Mysore and Hydrabad t '"P"^'" ''' fr™'
along the Coromi:,;:':' ear/n'"' "" ^f ^"'""^
from Cape Comorin to the Nort eVo °' 'r'^'
Cn-cars, as before stat,.H ' °""^™ <-ircars ; which
province of Bengal, 'tt Tm """'"^^^ '" ">=
show that the senie,„e„r'of fiTrf "' "-^P ""'
^out],-easten, India-Madri, P T ~'"P»"'<=s ■'"
David, &e.-were all siS d '^°"'^'^'>"ry, Fort St
to each other on the loa f of .T''^'''^" P™^™"^
which part of Indi7 r° , """ ^°'^" Carnatic,
Hindu rajahs wo he dth?' "'^^ "^ => '"^-^ o^
Trichinopily, Vellore a„d A T?'"'™ ~"«=^ «
under the p^ran.oun rule of tt t'."! '^'^ '■^"-
himself theoretically, and in V ?'"' °' ^'""'
actually, the vassaUf he N,^am""Tr'^^ "'^^'^
of this potentate was therefo e of th « "'"
quence to the comnpf,-, ""^ first consc-
upon the seaboard o7hs"d:n,ir'''"^^ '"''""'''
tracted state of affairs a H, H uf ' ""^ ""^ ^is-
"■e decease of mZ I'^.l^ """""^ "PO"
agitation everywhere visihr ''■s^ntent and
tions of the Carna t ff ! 5"°"^" ""= P0P«la-
excrcise of the vuW^ "'^"''''.^ ^" "Pening fof the
he pron,p.ly tooratma^fT "' °"'''''''' '^'''^'
conjuncture m' I^d „ ""J^f t'-'l' "'""'
eldest son of Nizan, „! Ck „ 1 k"'"' ''""=■ "'=
Nizam at Hvdrab-.H \ I u- ■ ''="" Proclaimed
Hydrabad, but h.s right to the throne
'VENTURE.
rnatic, a strip of
» length, but from
because bounded
separate it from
'S, and extending-
coast of India,
1 Circars ; which
)rthward to the
at the map will
al companies in
icherry. Fort St
acing proximity
Lower Carnatic,
by a triad of
ctive courts at
i of late fallen
ibob of Arcot,
derable degree
rhe friendship
^e first conse-
ies encamped
: and the dis-
ollowing upon
liscontent and
the popula-
ening for the
upleix, which
in possession
this critical
ir Jung, the
1 proclaimed
the throne
LORD CLIVE. 21
was disputed by his nephew Mirzapha Jung, sup-
ported by a powerful section of the Mohammedan and
Hindu aristocracy The reigning Nabob of Arcot
was Anwar-ud-din, a soldier of fortune, who had
attained power by treacherous connivance in the
murder of the legitimate heir, a child whose guardian
he had been appointed by Nizam ul Mulk. For
tuis cause, and others of more recent occurrence,
Anwar-ud-din was exceedingly unpopular through-
out the Carnatic, and it was clear that if a pretender
at the head of a respectable force were to appear
in the field, the smouldering discontent would break
into open revolt. Dupleix, founding his calculations
upon this view of affairs, and suspecting, moreover,
that Nazir Jung and Anwar-ud-din were secretly
-nclined towards the English, ventured upon the
bold game of attempting to fill the thrones of
Hydrabad and Arcot with two princes who. owincr
their elevation to the French arms, would necest
sarily be mere puppets, through whom he, Dujileix,
would become the virtual ruler of thirty millions
of people, and be enabled, at his own good time
and pleasure, to drive the English out of India
This daring policy succeeded for a time to admira-
tion. Dupleix made proposals of an alliance, offen-
sive and defensive, with Mirzapha Jung, the claimant
Of the Subahdarship of the Deccan, which were, of
course, eagerly closed with ; and casting about for
a formidable rival to Anwar-ud-din, he decided upon
Chanda Sahib, a relative of the murdered lieir
1 his Chanda Sahib was at the time a prisoner of
the Mahrattas at Sattara ; but a ransom of seven
lacs of rupees (;{:7o.ooo) got him out of their hands,
I if
" HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE
and the struggle for power in the r...
Carnatic, thanks to their I """' ""'' "le
was urged by both nl, f-'"°P'^" auxiliaries,
success. ^ ^ pretenders with vigour and
V^ollZTlZZ^^ulTJr '"^ "^'^''^ °f 'he
lost and won-the ^inl ' ? '"''' "^ "■<=>' ''■-^■'e,
set aside-the timfd i LT ,""' P'-«"«'ers slain o
forces: it is \^ ' tftrthaTT 1,"'' '^"S"^''
'75 r. Dupleix ecu" d boa f tvith ' tV^^ tTV
given a nizam to the n„ . "'^' ''« had
Carnatic. Salabut 1. m'"" ""' ^ "^''°'' '<> ">e
ul Mulk_Na.fr jui, Id Mi^r''r,' "" °' '"'''"
been slain-rei<.„ed at H J k i^'l^ •'""= ^ad both
of Colonel Bussy a„d a F .''' ^^ "" P'°''''>°''
Saln-b ruled u^I Ihe ^Ze t:t7' "'" ^"^""^
Anwar-ud-din had nerisheH I "^^ "' ^'""^
Mohammed Ali was be ,' h ^"'"' ="'^ ''is son
forces in Trich^'ly'Tl ?:l,X,r "? ="P"-
remaining to hi„,.' TI e exukaH/ f r?*^ '"■'^"e"'
unbounded : he was dedared °^ ""P'^'"" '™
Subahdar of the whole oflhf Dee" """" "'^
accumulated hoards of ,hl ,"""' ='"° "'e
and Nabob were domL .^oq-'^hed Subahdar
French treasu ^Dup eix tec °" f"' ""^ '"e .
share .^200,000 whilst the "'^ ?' *"'' P""'""^
presented to his wSfe^r ttSeV'^' ''"''^' *^-
sum. He was, in truth ;„f^ "' ""'" » '^rger
triumph, and i."l^1^^:^'f ''""" P""' '"^
insolence to plant the R T ? """'' '''"^ ">e
around Madrara"d FoVst^^°"v"'""^ "^ "^-"^
tliat all beyond those conB f' "' ^" ■"'imation
^VENTURE.
e Deccan and the
5pean auxiliaries,
with vigour and
he details of the
ich as they were,
etenders slain or
on of the English
by the spring of
uth that he had
a nabob to the
ist sen of Nizam
t Jung had both
y the protection
ly, and Chanda
■Jage at Arcot.
le, and his son
rreatly superior
ice of strength
3f Dupleix was
"or under the
ccan, and the
hed Subahdar
'tint into the
or his private
ll^'s, stuffs, &c.,
t even a larger
ith pride and
ccess had the
^rs of France
an intimation
■ belonged to
3uld erelong
LORD CLIVE.
21
wave over the settlements they mocked and typically
beleaguered.
This significant act awoke the English authori-
ties to a true perception of the imminence and mag-
nitude of the peril by which they were menaced,
and more vigorous action was, too late it seemed,
resolved upon. They could not remonstrate 7i/>on
principle against the course of policy which had
resulted so advantageously to the French, for they
themselves had played the same game in 1748 —
the year in which the aged Nizam ul Mulk died —
but unskilfully, because under circumstances which
rendered success of no avail in determining the
main result ; though it added the town and harbour
of Devikota, on the Coleroon, to their precarious
possessions. Clive, now Lieutenant Clive, had dis-
tinguished himself in that slight episode to the main
struggle, and at the time of Dupleix's insulting
challenge, was acting as military commissary— an
appointment for which he was indebted to the high
opinion Major Lawrence, with whom he had served
at Devikota, entertained of his capacity and zeal.
It was now determined to make a strenuous effort
to succour the only and sorely-beset native ally of
the English— Mohammed Ali ; and 500 European
infantry and 1000 sepoys took the field in May
175 1, under Captain Ginger, with the avowed object
of raising the siege of Trichinopoly. The choice of a
commander was an unfortunate one— Captain Ginger
and his daily councils of war acted like men bereft
of their senses, and the English force suffered a
shameful defeat under the walls of Valkonda. Cap-
tain Ginger, nevertheless, contrived to reach and
24 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE
in the fore, thotri^i':;;,:;t?fasTor"-™"'
-gcd .„e gove,;;: M'r Sarde/:;'^ "'"^■. "^
.n riespatehing „,e„ and stores to i,e aid of 'c T'
Ginger, and the instant , ° °' Captain
teered to conduet 't to VT"^ ''"' ''^'^y- ^°'"n-
«'ith entire sueees 'u J™'""'??"'^. ^vhich he did
escaped death at he'hands of ' '""■■"• "^-^^^'^
after sustaining a unmW° ht ZT °' ^°^ys^'''
of seven out of In™ e cor't S ^ l'"" "=' "'« "^^^
gallant bearing upon tl S " '"P^^^- "'^
by in,n,ediate proSo , °dT' r ™? '''''"^"^
'ed a second party trthe-.trfr''!'" ^^^' ''^
cneountering on l,is „ay a hn'e F ??'" '^'"S'^'''
>vhieh l,e unhesitatinX at ac Jr '"t"''''"'^"''
dispersed. During tht ^ t .o 'tl,?,";""' ="""
fortress, Captain Clive thorou'hl ■ r ''^'^^g'-^red
of the state of affairs therra^n^ro™'^'' '"'"''^'f
conclusion that Trichinonoh' ^""^ f°°" «me to the
the power of Cha"da Sah f ' T"^"y f^"' ""o
and masters the F"e'cl, nM "' '''"'"■ °'" ^'" aHies
means than had hither ' T '°"" "'°'' ^^'^'ve
devised to avert a ca 1st T 'T'"' '<"=°"W be
immediate destrucrion o? -7 p 'f''' '"™'^^'' 'he
in the Carnatic. a^d m^X '^'^"'^''■"^'^
and Bombay. ""imately, those of Calcutta
fromVfrt sf l5:Wd%?o„'A '"7^"' ' "P" "-h
of Chanda Sah.^' froT vii? he"'d-""i'Y ^^'P'''"
^-urces,,nd thereby to foU^ttralLt:
NTURE.
i into Trichino-
• no command
IS commissary,
d pursued his
ved there, he
iose no time
■id of Captain
ready, volun-
which he did
ini, narrowly
of Polygars,
:ost the h'ves
sepoys. His
as rewarded
ain Ch've, he
tain Ginger,
detachment,
rthrew, and
beleaguered
ned himself
ame to the
iiy fall into
>f his allies
^re decisive
■o could be
volved the
blishments
f Calcutta
■apid dash
hy capital
his chief
raise the
LORD CLIVE.
25
siege of Trichinopoly, or to detach so largely from
the forces employed before it, that the defence
might be successfully maintained by Captain Ginger
and Mohammed Ali, He had no sooner mentally
matured this scheme, than he hastened back to Fort
St David to urge its adoption upon Mr Saunders,
who, one can readily believe, was greatly startled
by the daring novelty of the young officer's project.
The population of Arcot was estimated at 100,000,
and its citadel was garrisoned by from 1200 to 1500
of Chanda Sahib's best troops, well provided with
artillery. With what probability of success could
such a place be assailed, or, if successfully assailed,
be kept by a mere handful of men ? — 200 English
infantry and 300 sepoys being the entire force avail-
able for the enterprise, after reducing the garrisons
of Fort St David and Madras, the first to 100, the
latter to 50 men! Clive, nothing shaken by the
governor's reasoning, persisted in the practicability
of his plan, if vigorously carried out; and his unquail-
ing confidence, reinforced by the utterly desperate
state of the Company's affairs, wrung a hesitating
consent from the governor and his council ; and on
the 26th of August 175 1, the expedaion left Fort
St David under the command of its projector.
The enthusiasm of the commander communicated
itself to his soldiers, who marched as if to an assured
victory ; on the 28th, they had reached Conjeveram,
and the 31st saw them before Arcot, after encoun-
tering a terrific tempest of lightning, thunder, rain,
and wind— terrific even for those latitudes— through
which they held their way with unchecked, unflagging
speed ; a display of resolution so remarkable and
lii
=»« HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE
. reported the cirJumsto co 'tint t°'"r''V''' '«''
the attack of such a, hn ''" /''^"'^'i 'o await
'■■•s troops from tL ctelf' 'v .'''^f '^ "-"Mro.
."olested possession o^afte^n^^^''™ '"l^- ""•
tl.rongi„5 population of' : X 7 """"S'' "'^
mingled admiration and nit ,^' ° S"^''"'' >""'
band of strangers whom a Mr,""™' '' ""-" ""''-"
men had not venturedTol ''" ^"'"'"'^ ^"<> '200
by a strong c adef «' !™'""' "'""gh cuirassed
cannon, Captt'cnv'rmre t"" ■'^'^"^ °^
strictest disciph-ne- anrl f7 ^f manitain the
themselves protected boU, i the" L""''' '"*'"»
Perty, willingly aided the F„„I,r "' '"" P™'
■epa.r the dilapidated walls rfti .T"""''" '°
accumulate a sufficient stock „r "■"''■ =""< t°
'»"• to sustain the per L't , ^T"'°"' '° <="aWe
would be sure to follow the '/"^'"'^"cd ^iege that
from the panic-terror his rl T'" °^ "^^ enemy
and the arrivaf o? e,W ° '*'"" ''••"! "used.
Sahib. ""^ temforcements from Chanda
t™ :8':;'uX'.°i,;rto'c=™/'"= "> «^^^^^ for
the meanwhile tie 1° ."^T """^ ""Pen in
marched out of the^i aTef The 1 of .■"■^''^■' '-
and attacked the fu.,itive „V ^ "^ September,
Timery, routed and d o' ^f"™" P°^"^d near For
He assailed then, al?n „ T T° ""^ "'"""tains.
result ; but th IZl:: he' "'* '"^ ^^'"=
this time increased to bet e 'n C? ""^ ^>'
and it behoved him to has en lis Tr '^°°° "'"•
fons, to which duty he fo, the f M "'"' P^P^'^'
> 'K loi tile following ten days
VENTURE.
a Sahib's lieuten-
'm his spies had
refused to await
hastily withdrew
CJive took- un-
'ng through the
*vIio gazed with
■nt at the little
eneral and 1200
Jiough cuirassed
iteen pieces of
o maintain the
>'tants, finding
■rsons and pro-
commander to
^rtress, and to
sions to enable
'ed siege that
of the enemy
-e had caused,
from Chanda
3 Madras for
'<J deepen in
id made, he
^ September,
ed near Fort
e mountains,
th the same
ed were by
d 4000 men,
ive prepara-
ig ten days
LORD CLIVE.
27
,r^
confined himself. This apparent inactivity so
emboldened the Nabob's troops, that they gradually
crept to within three miles of Arcot, with the loudly
proclaimed purpose of investing the citadel, and
preventing the contemplated escape of the English
garrison — an illusion of which they were disabused
soon after midnight on the i6th, when Clive suddenly
fell upon and dispersed them, fired their camp, and
leturned with trifling loss to the fortress. He also
very easily beat off an attempt to storm the citadel
during the absence of the greater part of his force,
sent to escort the i8-pounders on their way from
Madras; and the confidence of his soldiers being
greatly strengthened by these trifling successes, he
awaited with tranquillity the onslaught of the num-
erous forces which, as he had foreseen would be
the case, Chanda Sahib had detached from before
Trichinopoly, for the recovery at any sacrifice of
his capital.
Those forces were not long waited for; and on
the 24th of September, Rajah Sahib, Chanda Sahib's
eldest son, entered the town and laid siege to the
citadel, at the head of something more than 10,000
troops, including a corps of 200 French soldiers.
The space at our disposal forbids us to so much as
catalogue the numerous incidents of this memorable
seven weeks' siege, during which a handful of men—
SCO only in number when they left Madras, and
gradually reduced by death and sickness to 80
English infantry and 120 sepoys, the effective
strength of the garrison on the morning of the final
assault— baffled the furious efforts of 10,000 men
supported by a heavy well-served battering train,'
,>i4-S-
I
".itivcs themselves, as si 1 „ V "'T'"""" "f the
retreat of Chnnda Sahib's t°.nlu''n „ '"'""""'"^
of the soldiers • the J.T ■ ?'^'"l'lc made heroes
comrades i„ the 'L^^ ^•;™:';-"> "-ir Europ^
dcfenee, and surpassed then P"''""'"S to ,!„
of the l-ardships i„d ,n " * '"""'' '='"l"a„ce
stock of rice be-^an to f t , """ «'t"-->tion. Th-^
-Idiers request^l 'cl:; ' 'A' ""-..''-■".a,! IndTan'
to their English eom^ide .jZ ■'"'' '"^ '■^^'■'-•'
«e require is the uaior in',,!,;, ., ' """^ "«=y. 'all
bo'lcd ;• and upon that nor "? ■^"■■•■''" '''•>' ^ocn
- fact, subsist for up^.^rof" ;"""' "''>' '"''.
CI've hin,self, there fe „n\f u '^"'""S'''- ^'^ to
incessantly busy days te e ., *" ""' "'"^e "fty
^- «fe 'The'^ranroaKS?!! "" 'j^P^'^^' "^
hooour and interests of he r '''"'■■"■""'• 'the
seemed, in an especial m-, '-""'j'''"')'' "hieh all
safe-keeping, so lifted Ldf'f'- '"''"''"^ '» "V
constant exertion required nf""'" "''■ "'^' thi
I had a presentimenfof tucc. %"'"' "="'''y ''-"■
the dash at Areot ,vas ctT '°'^ "'« " ''"ent
never wavered.' 'letermmed upon, which
Notwithstandinn- the r^nCj
=»>d the devotion^of ois :'lt"''r'"'^™'""'^nder
unpromising look towards nL"^.^'''' ''°"' => ^^V
'he siege. Lieutenam r„ '"= '^''"> «eek of
relieve the garris™ frl 'S "'''° attempted to
s»th:atrho:*o-'"'-
.ho had been JSi^ ^^^ ^^ -- ^.
^NTURE.
fortress, of no
mation of the
^1^' precipitate
'1 tht-" approacli
- "lade heroes
lieir European
lining: to tlu
ive endurance
nation. The
lithful Indian
flit his issues
aid they, 'ail
a in has been
If they did,
■g^'t. As to
those fifty
Jiappiest of
claims, 'the
. which all
ted to niy
e, that the
:arcely felt,
le n .nient
>on, which
ommander
)re a very
li week of
mpted to
tercepted,
body of
-ari Ro^v,
behalf of
LORD CLIVE.
29
Mohammed Ali, remained warily inactive on the
Carnatic frontier, evidently desirous of ascertaining
a little more clearly which party was likely to be
finally uppermost, before he committed himself to
decided hostilities. The protracted defence of Arcot
at last convinced the shrewd robber-chicfi in that
victory must ultimately rest with the leader who
commanded there, for upon a pressing message from
Clive reaching him, he wrote in reply that he would
not delay a moment in sending a detachment to the
assistance of the brave defenders of Arcot, 'whose
behaviour had now first convinced him that the
English could fight,' He kept his word ; and the
advance of the Mahratta horse, as well as the
approach of a battalion of English '.nfantry from
Madras, under the command of Captain Kilpatrick,
becoming known to Rajah Sahib, that princj sent
in a flag of truce, with proposals for the surrender
of the citadel. Captain Clive to dictate his own
terms, and name his own reward, which would be
immediately paid him; but should this magnanimous
offer be refused, or surrender be delayed, Rajah
Sahib was determined to storm the fortress forth-
with, and put the garrison to the sword without
mercy. Clive laughed at both his menaces and
bribes, and Rajah Sahib made his final dispositions
for the assault of the citadel on all sides, under the
direction of French officers, without delay.
The day fixed upon for this decisive attack was
the 14th of November— a sacred day with Moham-
medans, who believe that he who dies in battle on
that day, passes, however great his previous sins,
immediately to paradise. A plentiful distribution of
30
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
k
bang added the excitement of intoxication to that
o rel,g,ous fanaticism, and at dawn of Ut ,)t
d^eharge o three bombs heralde<l the hSdloi^^
advance of the besicQ-ino- irmv in r .• .".^"'""S
the i«-.„lf n I .=, ,? '^' '" '°"'' divis ons, to
.ix-icLri::st:: ri^^^^ --
everywhere-nowLthrng a m Zt'^l ''Tf"'
a^ir; iirr tLt::r tdt ^
wh.eh on the south-western side where the fosse wa'
no choked up with rubbish, had been devsed 1
float the assa,Iants over. This was the last Xt of
dr„edTor;,:xi::d'^thr ''-' '-'■ "^'°
tl^e night, and witr^uc^h ^ee pSnT fo^e """^
hrg. booty in stores and'treas^urf 'b^h^d "immedi!
a ely, of course, tak-en joyful possessio., Jul
victorious garrison. As an irrrfr^^llT °f ^-y the
intuitive ifihtary gents ocK Z V'
general,- Chatham'called hin.-ft is staTer^r
competent authority, -that although at thltim/, ''
liad neither renH Kr.^Uo ^ ^ "^^ "^
« Of .irg^rtr-u^UTrmrryrt"
^f toTZr^tr'as^ ""'^'''' '" "■'"^--
-asters in the scLnce of ^a" "'"''''' ^^ '"= ^^'
;^ect of s:'zitz :"Ltpr™!n^ "'°^^'
To Captain Clive it operatedas a'spuT;'" ZS
Mi
NTURK.
ication to that
' of light the
the headlong
ir divisions, to
our, by wliich
n back at all
d musket and
emcd present
rom a soldier,
issailant ; the
• aim of the
d at a raft
the fosse was
1 devised to
last effort of
dead, aban-
tside during
s to leave a
id ; immedi-
1 of by the
3roof of the
heaven-born
tated by a
he time he
with men
nilitary art,
he defence
Y the best
ndia dates
iate moral
irnmense.
renewed
LORD CLIVE,
31
and vigorous action ; and it was not till after the
achievement of numerous and, in the aggregate,
important successes, that he returned to Fort St
David, flushed with the glory of a triumph which,
three months previously, he alone had dared to hope
for. Mallcson calls the defence of Arcot ' the turning-
point in the career of the English,'
]kit it was only where Clive commanded that the
impetuous tide of French success was arrested and
driven back. Captain Ginger and Mohammed AH
remained shut up in Trichinopoly without making a
serious effort to liberate themselves, greatly to the
disgust of the Mahrattas, who, impatient for action,
reproached the English garrison with their inactivity,
telling them that they were not made of the same
stuff as the men they had ?,QQn fight at Arcot.
Early, too, ir January of the following year (1752),
Rajah Sahib was at the head of a fresh army, which
Duplcix formidably reinforced with 500 excellent
French infantry. With this force Rajah Sahib
destroyed Poonamelee, and devastated whole dis-
tricts, of which the inhabitants were favourable to
Mohammed Ali, for some time with impunity.
Before long, however, a force— 380 English infantry,
1300 sepoys, and six field-pieces— sufficient to enable
Clive to quench that mischief, was drawn together,
and immediately led by that officer against Rajah
Sahib. So great was the terror which the name of
Clive already inspired, that the greatly superior force
he was in quest of abandoned several strong positions
as he advanced without fighting, and it was with
great difficulty he forced them to accept of battle at
the village of Kaveripak, where they were totally
32 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
defeated, with great loss in men ; the French especi-
ally, who fought with remarkable bravery, suffered
greatly, and lost the whole of their artillery, nine
o-pounders.
Returning with his victorious troops, Clive passed
a newly-erected city, founded by Dupleix in com-
memoration of his early successes, and named by
him, 'Dupleix Fatihabad ' (the Dupleix City of
Victory), A lofty column was also in process of
erection, on which it was intended to inscribe in
grandiloquent phrases, and in four languages, lauda-
tions of the genius, wisdom, and valour of the
founder of the French power in India. Clive razed
that monument of pride' to the ground -wisely, it
IS said with reference to the 'impressionability of
the Indian temperament ;' although one cannot help
thinking that, if left standing, the contrast between
the vainglorious boast and the disastrous failure
would have read a more significant lesson, even to
Indian understandings, upon the wisdom of slayin-
the bear before you sell his skin, than its soon-to be"
lorgotten destruction.
Trichinopoly was withal still besieged by Chanda
bahib and M. Law, who commanded the French
contingent; and it was now proposed by the
governor and council that Captain Clive should,
without delay, lead a sufficient force thither,
and thoroughly trample out that danger. Before
however the requisite number of troops could be
assembled, Major Lawrence returned from England
and assumed the command as of right-Captain
Clive readdy consenting to serve as second to his old
general and friend. The main object of the expedi-
LORD CLIVE,
33
f:
i
tion was speedily attained: Clive, at the head of
the vanguard, broke impetuously through the besieg-
ing forces, and established a communication with the
garrison; and Chanda Sahib and M. Law, appre-
hensive of a still greater disaster, withdrew to the
island of Seringham, formed by the division of the
Coleroon into two branches, at not a great distance
from Trichinopoly, and its regliding into one channel
nearer that city. Clive immediately proposed, and
Major Lawrence acquiesced in the suggestion, that
he should post himself, with about half the English
force, at Samiaveran, directly on the enemy's line of
communication with Pondicherry, whilst the major,
with the remainder of the force, held Chanda Sahib
and M. Law in check on the side of Trichinopoly ; a
movement decisive of the fate of the campaign, for
unless aid could reach them from Pondicherry, the
unconditional surrender of the army, sheltered and
isolated by its island-position, could not be long
delayed.
Dupleix lost no time in despatching a large
reinforcement under Colonel Anteuil, which was to
reach Seringham by a circuitous route. Clive heard
of the march of this detachment, and immediately
put himself in motion with almost the whole of
his force to intercept it. Both Law and Anteuil
obtained advice of this movement of their indefat-
igable adversary ; Anteuil in consequence fell back
at once to Uttalore ; and M. Law resolved upon an
enterprise which resulted in one of the most extra-
ordinary night-conflicts that perhaps ever occurred,
and more resembling scenes in a military melodrama
than those of actual warfare. Clive had not been
C
HI
i ■ *-i- :
i I m
34 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
many hours on his march, when his spies informed
him of Anteuils hasty retreat; he at once counter-
marched, and regained Samiaveran. where he occupied
a large pagoda and a choultry, or caravanserai for
who had heard of his departure, but not of his
return, sent 700 sepoys and 100 Europeans, of whom
40 were English deserters, commanded by an Irish
officer, across the Coleroon in boats soon after
midnight, with orders to fall upon Clive's feebly
guarded encampment, and give it to the flames
1 his body of men reached the English position
about one o cock in the morning; the deserters,
^vho were in front, answered the challenge of the
sepoy sentinels in English, and were allowed to pass
on which they did as far as the choultry, where tl"y
fired a close and deadly volley. ^
Clive had lain down to rest in the choultry, with a
t .^ u r ' P'""^^' '"^''''^' ^^^« ^l^attered £ pieces
by the bullets. Thoroughly awakened by so rude a
h mself, hurried out of the back entrance to the
cJioultry. and made the best of his way to e
pagoda, where his English infantry were barracked
us confused impression being that the firing was'
hat of his own sepoys, alarmed by some attack at
the outposts. The English soldiers at the p'tda
were he found hastily getting under arms, and as
bevvildered and mystified by the astounding uprot
to.vards the choultry, near which he saw, by the
ghtter of their arms, and th. rlronpinc. numT'
fnciinrl^ fi,^„ 1 .. , ""' " i i""&' purposeless
tusilade they kept up, a large body of sepoys, whom
LORD CLIVE.
35
he mistook for h,s own. Halting his Englishmen,
therefore, he ran alone towards the supposed Enc^lish
sepoys, upbraided, remonstrated, and even struck
several of them, for giving way to a senseless panic
At last one of the sepoys, who understood French
d.sx:ovenng that he was an Englishman, struck at
and wounded him in two places, but finding himself
overmatched, ran off towards the gate of the choultry
wliere Chve. who. furious at being assaulted by one
of his own men. had followed to make an instant
example of the mutineer, suddenly found himself in
the presence of six French soldiers ! Instantly
divining what had occurred, Clive. with astonishino-
presence of mind. commanded the French soldiers"
without pause or hesitation of manner or speech, to
surrender and, pointing to his distant troops, added
hat any delay on their part or of their companions
to do .0 would be followed by their immediate and
inevitabb destruction. The gate-guard were so
cowed by this announcement, that three of them
surrendered their swords forthwith, and the others
ran to inform their comrades within the choultry of
what had happened. Clive lost not a moment in
marching off with his prisoners, whom he gave into
the custody of a sergeant's guard ; and they, so
u terly confounded does everybody appear to'^^ave
been, marched the three men back to the choultry
here they, o course, discovered their error; bu
the French, sharing to the full in the general
bewilderment, made no attempt to detahi the
sergeant and his party, who returned unmolested,
still letaming their three prisoners. Captain Clive
wisely kept his English soldiers quiet and well In
; li
■ 'i
il
36
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
hand till daybreak, and the conflict was then brief
and decisive. He himself narrowly escaped death
at the hands of the Irish officer commanding the
deserters, who, whilst feigning to parley for terms of
surrender, suddenly discharged a musket at him, and
killed a soldier upon whose arm he was leaning, in a
stooping posture, from loss of blood.
The French sepoys were overtaken, whilst fleeing
towards the Coleroon, by a body of Mahratta horse,
and mercilessly slain, in defiance of Clive's orders to
spare their lives. Not long after this occurrence.
Captain Clive was recalled to Madras, and to a more
active warlike enterprise, of which presently ; and it
is only necessary to state, with reference to the
blockade of Seringham, that it resulted in the
capitulation of M. Law's army, and the death of
Chanda Sahib, who was treacherously murdered by
the Rajah of Tanjore's general, with whom he had
sought refuge in the hour of misfortune, in preference
to yielding himself prisoner to Major Lawrence.
The duty which Captain Clive was hastily called
to the performance of, was the reduction of the two
strong forts of Kovilan and Chingalpat. Kovilan,
twenty miles south of Madras, mounted thirty pieces
of cannon, and had a garrison of 350 Europeans and
sepoys ; and Chingalpat, forty miles south-west of
Kovilan, defended upon one side by a lake, and upon
another by an impassable swamp, was yet more
efficiently fortified and garrisoned. Perhaps no
other man in the world would have engaged in such
an enterprise with the force placed at his disposal,
consisting, as it did, oi four pieces of heavy ordnance
(24-pounders), 500 raw sepoys, and 200 English
LORD CLIVE.
37
vagabonds, sweepings of the London jails, who had
just been pitched out of the hold of a transport-ship
upon the quays of Madras. The energies of these
men had been so debased and weakened by vicious
habits, that they appeared to be entirely destitute of
the natural courage of their race, and looked as
trightened as women at the mere sound of cannon
Chve. remembering 'that, after all, they were made
, .u . ^?l soldier-stuff,' had them well scrubbed,
clothed, fed, and drilled for a k^v days under his
own eye, and then led them confidently against Fort
Kovilan. His exhortations and example excited
their latent courage, and shamed them into exertion
and, spite of a brave resistance, Kovilan was
captured On the following day, Clive marched his
renovated and exultant vagabonds to the encounter
of a considerable body of troops, too late detached
from Chingalpat to the assistance of the garrison of
Kovilan. Chve placed his men in ambuscade, and
so coolly did they reserve their fire, so well and
steadily, at a wave of their commander's hand deliver
It, that upwards of loo of the enemy fell at the first
volley; the survivors fled in confusion; and their
commanding-officer, 25 French soldiers, 250 sepoys,
and two pieces of cannon, were captured during the
pursuit. ^
Captain Give reached Chingalpat almost as
quickly as the news of this disaster, and, after a
brief survey of its defences, determined upon an
immediate assault by escalade. The order to form
columns for the attack was received with loud shouts
by the men, and the upraised hands of the attentive
drummers awaited only the commander's gesture to
'■ i!
38 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
roll out the advance, when the French commandant
hung out a flag of truce, and stipulating only for the
honours of war— that is, that he should be permitted
to march out with drums beating and colours flying
—surrendered the fort to Captain Clive's motley
brigade : a striking illustration of what a true leader
can effect with men, however previously demoralised
and abject, who feel that he still believes them
capable of following and emulating a brave example.
Captain Clive's work in the Carnatic was accom-
plished ; but the incessant strain upon his physical
and mental energies during the crowded months that
had elapsed since his advance upon Arcot, had so
overtasked him, that repose was absolutely necessary;
and finding, after his return to Madras, that there
was no further prospect of active service, he married
Miss Margaret Maskelyne, sister to the astronomer,
and daughter of Edmund Maskelyne, of Turton,
Wiltshire, a young, handsome, and amiable lady, to
whom he throughout life remained tenderly attar'ied,
and in February 1753 embarked with his bride for
Europe.
The reception of ' the hero of Arcot ' in England
by all classes of the people was a highly flattering
one. The Court of Directors of the East India
Company gave a magnificent entertainment in his
honour, and presented him with a diamond-hilted
sword, worth 500 guineas, which, much to his credit,
he refused to accept till a similar gift had been
awarded to Major Lawrence. To his own family, his
arrival was a burst of sunshine upon a dull wintry
existence. The news of 'Bobby's' earlier exploits
had sufUccd to convince his father that • the booby
LORD CLIVE.
39
•g
had some sense in him after all ;' and now that his
fanie had reached so high a pitch, and obtained such
distmguished recognition, Mr Richard Clive's ecstatic
admiration of his son was almost ludicrous in its
exaggeration. The welcome of the young soldier by
his mother was a more touching one ; especially in
Its woman y appreciation of the greatly honouring
fact, that her son's laurels were unstained by cruelty
or a drop of blood wantonly shed.'
Captain Clive's first care was to clear off the
mortgage upon the Styche property; pay his father's
debts, amounting to ^^9000 ; and place the future of
his parents beyond the reach of pecuniary embarrass-
ment Captain Clive next determined to enter
parliament, and succeeded, by dint of a lai-c
money outlay, in defeating one of the Duke of
Newcastle's nominees for the very rotten borough of
St Michaels, Cornwall; but a committee havino-
ousted him upon petition, there was no path tS
distinction left open for him, but by returning to the
arena where he had before reaped fortune and fame,
and for which he was, in sooth, much better fitted
han for the floor of the House of Commons. The
lowering aspect of European politics foreshadowing
the renewal of hostilities between France and
lingland-that once chronic plague of humanity-
and the still critical state of India, where, although
he English were all-powerful in the Carnatic, M
^ussy and his Frenchmen still virtually ruled at
Hydrabad, rendered the Court of Directors ex-
tremely anxious that the ablest of their officers
should proceed forthwith to India Clivc consenting.
a heutenant-colonel's commission from the Crou^i
! 'i ■
liui
■I
i i V
40 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
the petty jealousies existing between the king's and
Company s services ; and in February 1755. just two
'o? Eotr '\'T- ''^'^^•^' ^^^^"^^ Ch-vi'eribark^d
rL A .M^' '"'"'"^ ''''^' '^"" ^^^^^^ companies of
Royal Artillery and 300 infantry.
of H? R v'l '^'' ^''''°^ ^^'"^ '^" ^^"^'•^J rendezvous
Cl.ve found a considerable force assembled there
under the command of Admiral Watson. As before
remarked .t was Clive's unalterable conviction that
he.e could be no peace or security for the English
in India as long as any other European power
^th to R^rK'.'^ '^' P^^P°-^ '^ march ?orth-
vvith to Hydrabad, and try conclusions there with
M iiussy. A convention recently signed between
the new governor of Pondicherry. M. Godehu.
restraimng both companies from interfering in the
nothil ^^'^'''''V' ""^ ^'' '^'' P'-^^^"^ there was
noth ng to do m the military line but to attack a
io d of n "','' f ^'""^ ^'''''' '" -h-- strong!
hold of Ghenah plunder of immense value was sa?d
to be accumulated.
The proportions in which the expected booty
should be divided having been, after much unseem y
wrangling, first settled, the expedition saTd"^
Ghenah and other fortified dens occupied by the
outlaws .vere captured and destroyed; the booty,
about en lacs of rupees (;^ioo,ooo) only, was
distributed as agreed ; and Colonel Clive cont nued
the 20th of June 1756, the very day of the disgrace-
LORD CLIVE.
41
ful fall of Calcutta and Fort William, immediately
followed, as every reader is aware, by the frightful
Black Hole tragedy. Surajah Dowlah, a youth of
eighteen years, of an ungovernable temper, had soon
quarrelled with the English. While in pursuit of one
of his own family, he marched upon Calcutta with
an army. Most of the English had fled down the
river in ships ; those that remained surrendered after
a brave resistance, and were thrust for the night into
the ' Black Hole ' or military jail of Fort William,
a room about eighteen feet square, with only two
small windows barred with iron. When the prison
doors were opened next morning, only 23 persons
out of 146 were alive. Intelligence of the cata-
strophe reached Madras on the i6th of August.
Colonel Clive, to whom all eyes were instinctively
turned for vengeance, was immediately summoned
by express ; and when he arrived, and accepted the
command of the expedition hurriedly preparing to
sail for Calcutta, the doom of Surajah Dowlah ''was
sealed.
That part of the Mogul's nominal dominions in
North-eastern India comprised in the provinces of
Bengal, Orissa, and Bahar, had been for the last
fifteen years, it is necessary to premise, creditably
governed by Alverdy Khan, Nabob of Bengal, as he
was usually styled; but at his death at Murshedabad,
his capital, in April 1756, his grandson Mirza Moham-
med—or to give him the name which he in common
with other Indian princes assumed, and by which
he is best known to the English reader, Surajah
Dowlah, literally, ' Sun of the State '—succeeded to
power. This young man's hatred of the English was
42
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
only surpassed by his ignorance of tlic extent of M, •
resources, he beinjr seriouslv nf ^^:\''''^'-'^ o*^ their
were not more th-^n 'r,y °^ ^P"-'0" that 'there
ii(- was no sooner seated on fi,« «.i ^•"'i-'t-.
determined to root them o.t ' to ?' ''"'" ^'-^
march upon Cilcu m . °""'''>'= ^"'^^ tiic
IT , ^ '-aicutta, consummated bv Mm pi. i
Hole catastrophe, quickly followed Surv" d D ,
had treated wfMi .-onf ^ ^"'ajali Dowlah
promptly disembarkino- su-eot fW T' ^"^"^ . ^''^^
upon J^ud-ebud-e if^ f T^^' ^^'^ ""Slc
anddrivesSm^erduJ^^^^ '''' ''''''''' '^''^
^^is progress ; comp^^ [ ^o'^ ^ra^;-;-
unconditional surrender of Fort William and r 7' I
and on the ;th, gave the Nabob's T to ^.''"r/
of Hoogly to plunder and the flames ' ^'''
\hus suddenly awakened to the reil,>v .r i •
position, Surajah Dowlah histenoH. ^ ^''^
ccierity, as it became evident tlnf f i, . i ,
able Clive was mn.-. """^ ^liat the redoubt-
- -'tn tlic tioups, was indignant at the
LORD CLIVE.
43
cobncls lack of hardihood and enterprise; and
Adnnral Watson, a rough, fearless seaman of tlic
IJcnbow school, exhibited mucli angry astonishment
at Chve s niactivity. Clivc remained quite unmoved
by the prayers and reproaches addressed to liim ■
encamped his little army at such a distance from
Calcutta as to enable him to act freely in the field
and at the same time be ready to interpose immedi-
ately for the protection of Fort William, should it be
necessary to do so ; and reiterated his proposals for
peace with the Nabob. That personage thought to
amuse and deceive Clive by an apparent willingness
to negotiate, whilst his army pushed on and recap-
tured Calcutta. Colonel Clive opposed no obstacle
to this ruse till the Nabob's troops had actually
mteri)oscd themselves between the English army
and the city, and pushed their advanced posts into
it^. streets. He then sent a message to Surajah
Uowlah, requesting him to order liis soldiers to
retire from the vicinity of Calcutta, as otherwise the
negotiations for peace must necessarily, and much to
his, Colonel Clive's regret, be broken off. The Nabob
treated Clive's implied menace with the haurrhtiest
scorn, and it was with difficulty he was persuaded to
allow the bearer of the message to depart ^^•ith life
The Nabob did not yet know the man with
whom an adverse fate had matched him. By day-
break on the following morning, Clive had formed
a column of 2200 men. whose steady, continuous
unchecked advance clove a bloody path for them-
selves through the midst of the Nabob's army to
Calcutta, chased auay the intrusive soldiers posted
there, and re-established the communication of the
It
11 .
44 MUROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
English army with Fort William. Thi.s ficrv and
accept without further delay, of Colonel dive's
offer of peaee which was finally signed on Ihe
folmvjng prn,c,pal conditions: The N^bob to con!
firm all former privileges enjoyed by the Company •
to restore the.r villages ; make compen.sation forTlI
he losses, public and private, incurred cui„rt?'e
war ; pass the Company's merchandise throu'l, lis
err, ones duty-free; sanction the establishn,? t of
IZ ", l^""" • """ '^''^' '"el' contracting party
as Its own. As soon as this treaty was si<>ned
SurajahDowlah withdrew with his [rmy to Mur-'
shedabad, and Colonel dive's 'policy of peace'
began forthwith to develop itse f. The Icad.nt.
o^^TJUf '"''"'f '"*■" ""' °"'y of "><= breaking
Years' War ft '"""'T'''''^ ^"°''" "^ "'= Sc^•er,
Kcars War, between France and EnMand but that
Co^^t'tl'l ■"'■'*'7 /°-^ "■'"" "'^ ™™-d
tount Lai ly, a d.stmguished officer of the Irish
bngade n> the service of Louis XV., and remarkaNe
forh,s deadly hatred of the I'nglis,. was n emr ,!J
for service in the Carnatic. and that a Frene,rfle ?
would m all probability appear at about Te same
."ne m the Bay of Bengal. In addition to all tl"
H. Bussy^ earl.er apprised of the warlike preoa 1
t.ons of France than Colonel Clive, w-as alreadvTn
mouon towards the Northern Circar,, and extrenfelv
desirous of concludmg a treaty, offe„,;ive aL d et^
ive, with Surajah Dowiah against the English. The
.11
LORD CLIVK.
45
Nabob, Clivc also well knew, had received Bussy's
overtures favourably, and hesitated only from dis-
trust of the power of the French commander to
effectually shield him from the enmity of the
English. JJoth the Nabob and Clive, in signing the
treaty of peace, had in fact done so only with a view
to future war, and to gain time ; but time to the
English commander was victory; to the Nabob,
destruction, ruin, as Clive proposed to employ it
'Surajah Dowlah,' must have reasoned Colonel
Clive— 'Surajah Dowlah may be hereafter cffec-
tually dealt with, if I can first strike a decisive blow
at the French in Bengal, whose numerous garrison
at Chandernagore, united with the Nabob's army,
and such help as Bussy could send, might prove too
many for us. By making peace with Surajah
Dowlah, I, at all events, tie his hands for a while ;
and Chandernagore once destro^ I siiall be able
to detach such a force to the Northern Circars as
will give Bussy plenty of employment there, whilst
I finally settle with the Nabob in such manner
as policy and circumstance may dictate.' The
maturely meditated plan of operations outlined by
the foregoing sentences, no reproaches, no taunts
of admirals or governors, no temptation of flashy
successes, could divert Clive from steadily pursuing-.
• It was a game of life and death we were engaged
in,' he afterwards remarked, ' which a rash or timid
player must have lost. I won, and therein is my
justification.'
Colonel dive's preparations for the attack of
Chandernagore were now zealously urged forward ;
and as soon as both himself and the admiral were
1
1
1
^^BBSi
1
1
46 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
quite ready, he coolly forwarded a request to the
Nabob through Mr Watts, an Englishman, whom
burajah Dowlah kept at Murshedabad in a sort of
honourable captivity-with Clive's connivance, by
the way— for his assistance against the French in
virtue of the last article of the recently concluded
treaty. The Nabob was utterly confounded by the
audacious requisition ; he was in active negotiation
with M. Renault, the governor of Chandernagore,
and was himself, moreover, menaced with an Afghan
mvasion. In his perplexity, he bethought him of
a counter-request for Clive's assistance against the
Afghans, which would at least, he imagined, be
productive of delay, if of nothing else. He was
again at fault. Clive complied with his demand
with the utmost promptitude; got his army m
motion without an hour's unnecessary delay, and
at the same time forwarded a missive to Surajah
Dowlah, pointing out that it would be impossible,
whilst hastening to the Nabob's assistance against
the Afghans, that he could leave an enemy's garrison
between his army and Calcutta, and that he should
consequently, be delayed somewhat in reachino^
Murshedabad by the necessity of attacking, on his
way, the French fort and settlement of Chanderna-
gore ! This intimation was vigorously carried out
and on the 23d of March, Chandernagore capitu-
lated.
The consternation which this decisive blow caused
at Murshedabad may be gathered from the followino-
extracts of letters from the Nabob-who had. by
the by, in the meanwhile, bought off the Afghan
mvasion— addressed to M. Bussy: 'What can I
a i ,
E: :(!
LORD CLIVE.
47
write of the perfidy of the English ? They have
without ground picked a quarrel with M. Renault.'
and taken by force his factory. They want now
to quarrc w.th M. Law. your chief at Cossimbazar ;
but I will take care to oppose and overthrow al
the>r proceednigs. . . . Those disturbers of n.y
country (the admiral and Colonel ''.e. or Saba^
Jung, 'the Daring in War'), who ' bid fortune
attend, have warred against the governor of Chan-
dernagore. I hope in God these English, who are
unfortunate, will be punished for the dis urbancis
they have raised. Be confident ; look on my forces
as your own. I wrote to you before for 2000
soldiers and musqueteers under the command of
tvo rusty chiefs. I persuade myself you have
already sent them as I desired ; should you not, I
desire you will do me the pleasure to send th^m
from M^ Renault. Oblige me with frequent news
of your health.'
Beside the evidence of hostility disclosed by these
lei crs. copies of which Mr Watts had succeeded in
obtaining, the Nabob peremptorily forbade Colonel
Clive to ascend farther up the river, and despatched
the advanced-guard of his own a my to Plassey It
was necessary, therefore, in Colonel Clives opinion,
to fimsh with Surajah Dowlah as speedily as mic^ht
be ; and he was meditating how best to proceed,
when overtures from certain influential personages
at Murshedabad reached him through Mr Watts,
and he instantly bent the whole fore; of hi. astuto
wl i r hn" '"''""'^ '"' consummate the conspiracy
Mhich those overtures suggested. The origin and
r H ' I
r fl
tFsmB--r..
7
1
Mm
k
I, iMii
!!!:;i|
48
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
motives of this may be stated as follows : Surajah
Dowlah, a Mussulman prince, had put on the screw
very severely, under the pretext of the cost of the
war, and the indemnities arising out of it, upon
certain of his rich Hindu subjects, who, as was and
is their wont, conspired, now that he was about to
be assailed by a powerful foe, to dethrone him, and
transfer the supreme power, not to a Hindu prince—
that seems never to cross the minds of the .'ibject
race — but to substitute one Moslem master for
another ; in this case to elevate Mir Jaffier, one of
the Nabob's generals, to the vacant throne. This
could only be effected with the help of the English
general, and Mir Jaffier was prodigal of .agnificent
promises to him and to the Company, to be realised
as soon as he should be p it in possession of the
deposed Nabob's treasury, which Mr Watts was
persuaded to believe contained gold, silver, and
jewels of the fabulous value of four millions ster-
ling.
The chief confidant, go-between, and, in a manner,
secretary of the plotters, was a Hindu merchant,
of the name of Omichand, formerly of Calcutta,
but now of Murshedabad, and a close favourite of
the Nabob, one of the most worthless characters to
be met with even in Indian court-annals ; and he,
as soon as Colonel Clive's adhesion was secured,
arranged the mode of proceeding finally agreed to.
This in substance was, that Colonel Clivc should
declare openly against Surajah Dowlah, and march
directly upon Murshedabad. The Nabob would
then, of course, take the field with his whole power,
and, just as the hostile forces were about to engage,
Lord clive.
49
Mir Jaffier was to pass suddenly over with his
division to the Engh'sh, who, aided by ti,e con
sternation such a movement must necessarily excite
in the Nabob's ranks, would be certain of obtaiX
an easy and decisive victory. Matters were thus
seUled, and Clive was about to put his troops in
motion, when word was brought him that Omichand
had waited upon Mr Watts at the last moment, and
bluntly announced, 'that if he, Omichand, were not
secured, under a sealed treaty, thirty lacs of rupees
U300,ooo), he would inform the Nabob of the plot
for his destruction. . .1 have all the plotters put\o
death. This seen i ^c climax of Colonel Clive s
well-nigh insuperau.c difficulties. Already the Com
mittee of Council at Calcutta, and especial^^ Admi a
Watson had demurred to his proceedings, not from
t^v bH T " '" ''' morality thereof, but because
hey believed success to be almost impossible; and
now Omichand. in the very crisis of the enterprise,
was playing him false ! ^^prise,
Clive was not, however, to be turned from his
purpose. He could play traitor, if that was to be
the game, as well-perhaps better-than Omichand:
and he immediately hit upon the device of preparing
/a'^ treaties-one upon white paper for Mir Jaffier
to be binding upon all parties ; another upon red
paper for Omichand, containing the stipulation he
insisted upon, and no^ to be acted upon when the
division of the spoil should take place. The Com-
mittee of Council hung back a little at first when
asked to sign dofA documents ; but, ultimately, the
^Z^ f.!!?"l"?.^^^^--^ ^^-- --pies. Not
so with Admiral Watson : he positively refused
D
to
F
1
i
;iV.i
..i.n4«
^O ItEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
sign; and as sue an omission would be immediately
detected by Omichand. Colonel Clive either signed
the admiral's name himself, or had it signed by
another person, and immediately despatched both
treaties by a sure hand to Mr Watts. This breach
of faith, and his after-acceptance of sums of money
from a native prince, were questionable actions, and
afterwards formed the subject of damaging charges
agamst him. Clive's next proceeding was to write
to the Nabob, r.-proaching him with his intrigues
with the French, and other breaches of the late
treaty, but offering to submit all matters in dispute
to the arbitration of Mir Jaffier, Roydullub, and
Jugget Seit— that is, the conspirators ; and if they
decided in his, Colonel Clive's, favour, he should
then demand satisfaction for all the losses sustained
by the English, and all the charges of their army
and navy ; the audacious epistle concluding with an
intimation, 'that the rains being so near, and it
requiring many drys to receive an answer, he,
Colonel Clive, found k necessary to wait upon the
Nabob immediately.'
The mask and scabbard thus thrown away together
Surajah Dowlah had no alternative but to accept
the appeal to the sword, and on the 23d of June
the hostile armies confronted each other at Plassey
The Nabob's force consisted of 35,000 foot-soldiers,'
15,000 of the finest cavalry in India-Rajputs and
Patans chiefly-and fifty-three pieces of cannon.
Clives army amounted to 3000 men only, of all
arms, with nine pieces of artillery ; but the English
force, thoup-h rf>iriD-ira<-<vph' r^-ni-i^v — '^-•< ' •
o --"-h"'-*-'^c!}- cuHtenipijuic in numoers,
constituted a perfectly organised machine, all the
LORD CLIVE.
51
parts of which supported and cave force to
each other, whilst the Indian array was the !oo e
agsregat,on of an armed mob, individually brave
enough perhaps, but powerless as a whole from the'r
mcapabihty of combined action. Yet so rrrcTJtZ,
was the disparity of numbers, that CoC ct
looked very anxiously,
during the furious
cannonade with which
the battle of Plassey
commenced and was
for several hours con-
tinued, for the pro-
mised movement of
his friend and ally, Mir
Jaffier— and looked in
vain ! Mir Jaffier's
heart failed him now
that he was called
upon to redeem his
brave promises, or rather, perhaps, he waited
o ascertam upon whicli side victory was Tkelv
to^^pronounce before he irretrievably' committed"
He had not very long to wait. The Enrdish
cannon made frightful gaps in the dense glittering
m sses agan.st which they were pointed, ulilst h!
agains Chve s force, which was shielded and partlv
concealed by a thick grove of trees. By t7Z
the Nabobs s.de, and symptoms of discouragement
to show themselves, which the passing of
beg,
f^ I'
■ u
I'
(■.!'■
I
■fe
1
^^Kp
m
1
i
52 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
some rain-clouds over the Indian portion of the
the Nabob s cannoneers, wliilst tliat of tlie Enriish
rre'^dTo"""' ""'°"?'''' "' "^= P-'-' ^hole
increased to a panic ; the elements, to the suner-
st,t,ous mmds of the natives, seemed to fight aXt
thnt;u"M 'r''""'™'>;p""'^^"°" '■"•" 'fecri;r:
■ Forward' "? 7"''^; ?'' P""'P"y ^-^l»'-n'«d :
iorward! Let the whole line advance with the
bayonet : the artillery on each flank !' The officers
of h.s staff galloped swiftly along the ra ,ks w th
h,s dec,s,.e order, and in a few nnnutes the EnS '
force debouched upon the plain-the gallant 39 h
whose motto, 'Primus in Indis,' was wSn that day
S ttrtofhem!"" "^^"^ '"^ -'"'"'"--
Only the French corps-a remnant of the garrison
ot Chandernagore-intrenched by a redoubt raoint
■ng four pieces of cannon, waited for them. They
sp.te of the,r resolute bravery, were easily swept
away, and the vast Indian army immediate^ bX
and fled ■„ utter confusion and discomfiture, throw"
ing away thc.r arms, and abandoning camp, cannon
b^ tle^Tit,'" "" ™'"^ '" "''^ "-' '™~
battle ,n Its consequences ever fought in India
One considerable body of the Nabob's troops Ind
been. observed, just after the French were' over
thrown and victory was no longer doubtfurto
detach Itself from the Indian left, and move obhque ;
JaLr,wi;os;c:st^ ;:e^/:ri^e';[
of the
wder of
English
shower,
' supcr-
against
crisis of
aimed :
ith the
officers
:s with
-English
t 39th,
It day,
iifident
dinous
LORD CLIVE.
53
to announce himself, and congratulate Colonel Clive
upon his triumph. It was not the English com-
manders policy to quarrel with Mir Jaffier; he was
therefore received with apparent cordiality, and
Battle of Plassey.
directed to push on towards Murshedabad with his
cavalry, Clive himself marching with 500 infantry
after arranging that the main body of his army
shou d fol ow by easy marches. Surajah Dowlah
fled from the field upon a swift dromedary, reached
his capital in safety, secreted a casket of rich gems
and mimediately took boat in disguise for Patna
• ■^w>
1
m
1
[I
II
I •
i I
8
111
54 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
Three days afterwards, he was overtaken, broucrht
MTr Jaffien"''^''' '"' ''''''^' '^ °^^^^ ^^
The new Nabob was conducted to his throne in
fu I durbar by Colonel Clive-a portentous spectac
the significance of which does not appear to have
been at all appreciated by the Muss'.lman and
Hnidu aristocracy that witnessed it. Mir Taffier's
gratitude for his elevation was unbounded : he pre-
sented Colonel Clive in all with between ^2coooo
and ^300.000 ; and the treasury of the fallen
Nabob, about a million and a half sterling only
proved utterly inadequate to the discharge of tife
claims for which he bound himself. These were—
ICK) lacs of rupees to the Company ; 100 lacs to
he army and navy ; and 79 lacs to the sufferers
by the plunder of Calcutta; in all, about ^2.700000
without reckoning the present to Clive, or the sums
—;624.oooeach-subsequcntly agreed to be paid to
the members of the Committee of Council. Colonel
Clive, as president of that board, to receive £28000
Ultima ely, by the assistance of his co-conspirators
Roydullub the finance-minister, and the rich banker
Jugget Seit, Mir Jaffier managed to pay one-half
of those enormous sums down ; and it was a-rccd
hat the remaining moiety should be discharged in
two years by equal quarterly instalments. The
treaty with the Nabob stipulated in other respects
for all former privileges ; the confiscation to the
Company s use of the French factories and effects
and that no individual of that nation should be
permitted to settle in Bengal ; the Company to
l^ave the absolute lordship of the district, subject
LORD CLIVE.
s:
to the payment of a quit-rent to the granter of
the country, to the south of Calcutta lying between
the lake and the river, and the cost of the EngHsh
troops, whenever their services were requirej, to be
paid by the Nabob.
All that now remained to be dealt with was the
claim of Omichand, who must have listened with
apprehension to the recital of the just quoted grants,
lest peradventure there should not remain v/here-
withal to liquidate his own modest claim of ;{:300,ooo
secured by a sealed treaty. At last, the seemingly
interminable list was finished, and his turn came
with a vengeance. ' It is time,' said Colonel Clive in
English, and as coolly as if giving the word to fire a
magazine—' it is time to undeceive Omichand. Mr
Scrafton, you will please to do so.' 'Omichand,'
said the interpreter, addressing him in his own
tongue, ' the red treaty is nothing : you will not
have a rupee.' Omichand reeled as if struck by
lightning, and would have fallen to the ground but
for the bystanders. Colonel Clive, it is said, spoke
kindly to the unfortunate man at the time, and
advised him to make a pilgrimage to some holy
shrine. According to some authorities, he lost his
reason ancl died in a few months. Other writers
do not confirm this. We must not forget to
mention that the large amount of booty '^which
fell to Admiral Watson's share thoroughly recon-
ciled that gallant officer to the forging of his
name to the red treaty by Colonel Clive. 'The
admiral,' wrote Captain Latham, his private secre-
tary, to the colonel, ' says you are the finest fellow
in existence, and drinks your health in a bumper
m
i ■
^^m
ij 56 HEROICS OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
I, (
signaf.re and he ' f " "°"''S'"' W"'=°"'s
from Mi^' Jaffie to rCr, "' "''"" •^^°°-°°°
Maca.a.alaM;;,r„,rJ;ri.^-'rM^>^
Mir' jT^eHo^p^/erCottr C.^ '"^ "t ^-"^
turned to CalcufH on?i ^ ^"'''' '''''° '>'icl re
'Here. a,a.^tTatlt t,r T^kr^^-r^^^^^
recourse to the old e " edie n nf"™ "•°°''^' '"•"'
wealthy Hindus ■ anH squcezmg his
rebellion was tie 'cnn """'^rcifully. that a
vicerov of o i, ''°"='^1''™<:e, which, aided by the
This troublesome phase in Mif 1^,0; • r^ ■
before many month, had nf i "^ "'^""■' "'^^^
new dan<re/,„V^ f P'^*^^''' succeeded by a
Alum; r;,d stt;; :" xr""'^" ,'>""'- s^^-'
Delhi, had been driven i,t'f': "• ^'P^™'' °f
his fathers viz era,'d ° " '^ "^= ^""''y °f
host of adven turer^ ahl "f ."■•""\'*°°« ifaHiering a
displacing M affier ° V""'''' '='="'°"S'" '"m of
vacant throne-f o ':,! . 't'","^ ""'"^^'f "P"" ">«
have succeed d i', w h th: "'" '"= ^™"''' P^l^-'^y
'•coca «(. with the viceroy of Oudh's assist-
LORD CLIVE.
57
ance, but for the Nabob's unfailing friend at a pinch,
Colonel Clive, who marched at once to his assistance,
and sent Shah Alum's army, which was besieging
Patna, to the right-about by the mere sight of his
advanced guard.
Clive himself received a munificent reward for
this timely intervention. The quit-rent which the
Company had agreed to pay for the zemindary or
landholders' rights ceded to them, was ;{;30,ooo a
year; and this revenue, or jaghire, the grateful
Nabob transferred to Colonel Clive, who derived
from it, after all fees and agencies were paid,
;^26,ooo per annum, according to his own statement.
The suppression of Shah Alum's unlicensed warfare
also obtained for Colonel Clive the favour of the
Great Mogul himself, who was graciously pleased to
confer upon 'The Most High and Mighty Potentate,
Colonel Sabat Jung,' the high dignity of an Omrahi
and the command— titular, of course— of 5000 horse
and 7000 foot. An imperial missive further assured
the honoured colonel that he was under the shadow
of the favour of the Magnificent Emperor, who would,
moreover condescend to see him at Delhi— an invita-
tion which was respectfully declined;
Whilst these events were passing in IkMigal, a
fierce, but, in Clive's opinion, not for a moment
doubtful contest was going on in the Carnatic and
the Northern Circars. M. Bussy, aided by the
Subahdar of the Deccan, captured the English
settlement of Vizagapatam, and swept the Circ. s
with fire and sword, for a brief time unchecked.
Count Lally J- id arrived out with a large force,
captured Eort St David after 9. shamefully feeble
fl
58 IIKROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
defcnce, and was bcsicgi,,,; Madras, the authorities
where, clamoured vociferously for Clive's presence
there w.tii I„s army, Clive was deaf ahke to tl dr
self Sdl Chve held himself ready to internnsi
should it be necessary to do so and nr "^
despatched Colonel l-Vde a von,;„ / , "^
officei- fn fl,„ r- . , young and dar nt;
inlantry and a tram of artillery. Forde's march
was a tr,un,phal one throughout. He retook Vi'a
gapatam ; overthrew the Marquis of rn,,n t
had succeeded to Bus.sys conSd. Ra m'.dTy"
drove imn ,n,o Masulipatam, which he sto med at
n .dn,ght, and with such audacity and succe s thnr
w*e„ daylight broke, it was found tha 303, ,, '
of w,om 500 were European.,, had laid dow^ 2
arms to 900 1 The Subahdar of the Ueccan was
so astounded by these events, that he haste dT
propose a treaty of peace, by which the French
M,e eLi si, "''""r-" """'■•>'• "'"^ «ded to
Carnatt '" ant.cij.ations relative to the
Carnat.e were also fully and speedily realised
Coun Lally, compelled to retire from before Madras'
c : tuir; 1 7 ,'■" r?."'''^""^^' -'-r uhtate^
m I nam had pa.s.sed an\qv rr^,,,^i t v
returninp- tn Fra..^^ . . ^cmy, upon
^g to Fran
ce, was accused of having so/c^
LORD CLIVE.
59
Pondicherry to the English, passed tlirough a mock-
trial, was condemned, and executed! 'A murder,'
Voltaire truly remarked, 'committed by the sword
of Justice.'
Colonel Clive now thought of returning to
England : he was immensely rich— to the extent of
^40,000 a year by his own admission, 'lah' is much
again in the opinion of others— whf.M an ur looked
for and menacing complication in the p« 'itical affairs
of Bengal compelled the postponeme. t <^f ;.is de-
parture, and in the end enabled him to .onsummate
the chief aim and purpose of his Indian policy— that
of permitting no European nation, save England, to
hold dominion or even locate itself in India.
The Dutch factory at Chinsura, considerably
higher up the lioogly than Calcutta, remained
unmolested during the internecine strife so long
raging in Bengal ; but now that tranquillity was
restored, the Dutch suddenly bethought themselves
that they too might as well essay what could be
done in the way of profitable spccu'iation by a few
thousand European bayonets in the rich country,
whose wealth the unmilitary spirit of the inhabitants
placed at the disposal of whoever was strong and
unscrupulous enough to take it. They had not yet
recognised the new Nabob of Bengal, whose grant of
the saltpetre monopoly to the English had especi-
ally annoyed them ; and in order to a full redress of
grievances, a force of about 2cxdo Dutch troops, well
supplied with artillery, assembled in Batavia, and
embarked in five ships of war, which, in October
1758, made their appearance in the Hoogly, with
the avowed intention of sailing up to Chinsura, and
■ m
(i h.i
6o
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
causing the Dutch power to be respected CV •
was plain, had no Jec^al ri<.hf ^n F f \ ^^'''^' '^
troops the Dutch shou M ^Ll Tct '°" "^">'
England and Holland bein 1? "'"'^ ' ^"^
to be supposed tC heTv^,^ ^7^'/;- hardly
declare war uDnn „ p ^ '">'" motbn,
Those who thus " ',. 1°"'";. ""^ '■""""y power
Without :ZZ,7:tt7 T "' ColonerChVe.
Dutch co„,n,odore t at T C' f '""' ''""^ '° "■=
the river, he wouW n'tal " l^^^^ '""'"" "P
rapid arming of the onltH, I , '"'" ' ""'' "i«
Koogly_tl,eri.L ., '^"^ ^"-^"'' '='"'P^ ■•» the
3h^vedthathelea;rtrtr;air''^"'^"-^°--
appealed ^tl^nUZT' !,""''^ ^^"'onstrated,
&c. : they n.i.'l " asln i' " '°™"y "^ "^tions.
Vedas: Clive vas fi,M '^''' ''PP'^^''^'' to the
D"tehashelX'h[,r^tVrf^ '* '"^
they would disembarl,- H, . ' "^ '^""""S that
overland to CI h"ura he T"^'' ""'' '"'"•<^'> "'em
the riverwith "Zne,^^ •^°'°"'' ''°"'' ^=™-
they attempt to d^^so H 'J^'P" ""^'"' ^''ould
usual, antic'ipXd t,: efelu " T?^^ T^'^''^^' ^^
landed, and he ^v.Tlu ^'"^ °"tch troops
when a not. was bToSfh? V'''"" °"' '^"""g,
'0 the effect, 41,^""?' , j'^d o';^ ''"°"^' ^°^'''
council, he would attarl- f T. ^ "" order i„
prospect of Z:^ t "n r"' 0^:"' 'f '^ ^^'^
"Imness, imn,ediately\ ote uDon ' ,"" ' ''''^^
^- o.e,ed^ t,:\r:-;-r:^' rdr:d
LORD CLIVE.
6i
decisive ; and amongst the prisoners were the Dutch
commander-in-chief and fourteen superior officers
rorde next invested Chinsura, whilst Clive fou<dit
a naval battle with the Dutch squadron, and gained
a complete victory. This last blow was decisive:
the Dutch prayed for peace; 'acknowledged them-
selves to be the transgressors; and agreed to pay all
costs, damages, &c., upon which their ships were
restored to them, and Colonel Clive interposed to
save then- property at Chinsura from being pillaged
by the Nabob, who, now that the Dutch force was
destroyed, had come valiantly down upon the factory
with 5000 horse.
The Dutch power on the Indian continent, like
that of the French, was now a thing of the past, and
Colonel Clivc no longer delayed his return to
England. He sailed from Calcutta on the 2Sth of
February i/So, ' and it seemed,' wrote an eye-witness,
'as if the soul was departing from the body of the
government of Bengal.' He remained in his native
country about three years only— a comparatively
unimportant period of his life, which may be briefly
passed over. The king and his ministers received
him with distinction : Pitt in a speech on the Mutiny
Bill, described Clivc as 'a heaven-born general.' A
statue of him had been placed in the India House,
and a medal was struck in his honour. He was
created an Irish peer. Baron of Plassey in Ireland •
and the princely state he affected was at once
the wonder, admiration, and envy of the great
and little world by which he was surrounded,
courted, flattered, reviled, and slandered. His
generosity equalled his love of display. All his
mP \
1^
j
i
■
62
!i;i
* I
; i
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
ea,n.es, both by blood and marriage, were en-
nched; and he bestowed .fjoo a year u^on hi old
commander. Major Lawrence, who was' h, ,d f
a sTate raff"''"'' '"'' ''■'^''>' ''^^ '" ^ disastrous
a state of affairs were upon the surface, and may
be summed up in a few words, ■ Privat^ trade " a^
o .-Ztrd't; 7,^ °;f ^™'= •— "oVmlsd;,-:
d hI? 1 following circumstances. The
duties on the transit of goods from one district
or provn,ce of India to another, furnished the eh e
revenues of its nnnrpc -^^a c
vy. IL3 princes, and of coursp nr^oc;^.,«j
much nconvenience and delay by I e fc s^s" v
unpachng and examination of all merchandle cross
■ng the nunnerous cu.stom-house frontier-lines ot
of the privileges obtained by the English rL
was, that their goods, whfch eon i^ 1 eZ'o^
foreign articles for consumption in India o of
ndian produce for exportation, none of "rtfch we°e
I'able to transit duties, si.ouid be protected from
examination by their Att „,- v.,, }.,, °^
signed by one'^f their cferls^w"^' 'f™">
this privilege, clerkrLto er, tnteSd'int "" °'
c"vTf='e'f °"^ ■■" '"^ "o^dr:. h"'-
..«...; to native-t;ade^rthe;:^reTrg%h:L'
LORD CLlVE.
63
from the payment of any duties whatever The
consequence of these constantly increasing frauds
vvas, that Mir Jaffier was incapable of liquidating
the sums in which he was indebted to the Company*^
whereupon Mr Vansittart, the governor, and his
council, opened negotiations with Cossim Ali, Mir
Jaffier's son-in-law. which resulted in the deposition
of the defaulting Nabob, and the placing Cossim
Ah on his throne, upon the latter agreeing to cede
certain districts to the English, and to present the
members of the council with the sum of ;^2ooooo
of which the governor's share was ^28,000, and to
pay Mir Jafifier such a pension as would enable
him to live respectably in Calcutta as a private
citizen.
_ The 'private trade' frauds continuing, it was as
impossible for Cossim Ali to raise a sufficient
revenue as it had been for his father-in-law ; and
the issue of the violent disputes that ensued between
him and the Calcutta council was, a furious outbreak
at Patna, resulting in the massacre of 150 British
subjects, of whom forty were officers of the Com-
pany, and the flight of Cossim Ali into the territory
of the viceroy of Oudh. Mir Jaffier was a^ain a
bidder for the throne, and his offers being considered
sufficiently liberal, he was reinstated. He did not
long survive his restoration; and one of his last
acts was to bequeath the sum of ;^7o,ooo to Lord
Chve, which large amount his lordship transferred
to the Court of Directors, under trust for the creation
of a fund from which the disabled servants of the
Company might be pensioned. The death of Mir
Jaffier made way for the elevation of his son to the
<54 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE
Whilst the servants of the Company were thus
shamelessly enriching themselves, the public trea u^
of Calcutta was dwindlin.^ to a ,f J,. Tf "'^^'"7
bankruptcy; and Lord Chve was ' as pt™ "ed
upon to proceed to Bengal, armed with ch powers
;Th int'r ""''''■ ™='"'= '"™ '° crush cStu
ricL , ^ °"' 7'"="' "'"'^'' '™= desolating the
r chest provmces of India, and dishonouring the
Lnghsh name. He arrived in India at the end
of Apr, ,765, and immediately, and with a wm
apphed Inmself „ the work of ^;form. 'if I v^e ^
o pan,t to you,' wrote Lord Clive, -the ana^chv
and confus,on which reigned in these rich pro" nef
«c e™" heir^aT""'"'- "^"^ '^°"P-'« ^^s
r , '"" easp, not from our enemies h„t
fmm he universal licentiousness which had "err'n
the whole settlement of Calcutta.' The -private
ot ™d d"'-^"^^ ^' °"^^ P"' 'i-™ -SlThe
off fS giand™!, "S.r'd"™', ""''' "" ^''■■PP'"e
actively or nn. , '^'"''^'^ °PP°'^'= "'C-iiselves
nT,lT ^1 ,P^''"^'-''y 'o his measures. He further
tt a mv ", 'T'^S^"' ■•'"°™"-s claimed ;
d^ble Ltf" "" T" °' '"'""''' batta,' which
oouble batta ,ncrca,sed a captain's pay, when in
active .service, to about ;fiooo a venr ,T," •
sten „.),;,.i, 11^ .»:,iuuu a year — a decisive
Ben^a ^U ° ''' """"^ "^ ""= ""^"rs of the
Jien„al amy, who entered into a consniracv t„
esign the. commissions on a given day, a ^Mahrat a
iney Jiad not taken the true measute
i
H
LORD CLIVE.
65
I
of the man they ventured to defy. Mr Mills, who
will not be accused of partiality for Lord Clive,
remarks : ' Thir, was one of those occasions in which
he was admirably calculated to act with success.
Resolute and daring, fear never turned hin aside
from his purpose, or deprived him of the most
collected exertions of his mind in the greatest emer-
gencies. To submit to the violent demands of a
body of armed men, was to resign the government.'
Lord Clive would much more readily have resigned
his life than the trust which he had accepted, and
he encountered the military rebellion firmly as
prudently: the timid and misguided amongst the
conspirators were awed or shamed into submission ;
the ringleaders, amongst whom was General Sir
Robert Fletcher, were arrested, brought to trial, and
dismissed the service with ignominy. In less than
eighteen months this extraordinary man had restored
perfect order and discipline in both the civil and
military services, and brought back prosperity to
the well-nigh ruined finances of the Company As
to the young Nabob, Najum ud Dowlah. Lord Clive
decided that it would be best even for himself to
transfer openly his nominal revenues to the Com-
pany, thereby relieving him of obligations he could
never fulfil, and obtaining an assured income, suffi-
cient to defray the cost of his court and guards.
Subsequently, Lord Clive obtained the formal con-
sent of the emperor of Delhi to this arrangement,
which so delighted the young Nabob, thus pen-
sioned into insignificance, that he joyfullv exclaimed
upon its final settlement: 'Thank God! I shall
now have as many nautches as I please!' Clive
E
66
ii
: i i
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
m
qutaed India for the third a„d last Ume
nlkhcd '7^ r'rr'' '" '■"'' ""dertakeu well accom-
phbhed, Lord Chvo returned hon,,. only h> n.eet
w.th ,„s„lt and persecution front tl.e Com, .„; .
had served so well, and never so well or so a' " ;
upon tl„s last oecasion. The numerous miliur;
and c,v,! officers he had been compelled to d s,^w'^
and send honte, ..clpe,! to swell' the anco ou
clamour ratsed asai,«t !,.„ „„ all sides. There
was no fable too gr..-,,, „„ i„iq„it ,„„ ^.J^^^
fo h,s enem,es to ir.ve.t and accuse him of fo
ml M- "'""""'''-■ '° ^"••"1"" «"d behave
and the pubhe mind was gradually worked uo to
a frenzy o fear and hatred of the'^rich nabobs Is
le men who had ntade fortunes in India bega; to
V >mv1; de ' f'"' ''"' ■'>'" s^- "— ■ t
the ill r " ; ""■'•'"^ "■•^to'-y of Burke, and barbed
T.U ,»''"""« '"■'•ows of Sheridan's rhetoric
he It t™' ,: '^""" "^'""Ss. The clamo tof
theVo'use ofT""'"'"' "■"' ^ ''''''' ^""""'^e of
tic condition of iir.t.sh affairs in India' before
vhon, Lord Clivc was examined, 'as if he "ad
been a sheep-stealer.' The accusations fi, ally reh d
rnni ""■",' ''"'^°^"'' "■'■° "■crcupon'mo ed
1 r ;, ie Inl "°"-' T'"'' '-°"' Clive, were the
b. tie of r^., ''""7f '""^ ^^" J^ffi" ^ftor the
n „ e tl H T '"'■ "'' "'Snins Admiral Watson's
tl Lt, VI ,T'y- ^"' C'ive acknowledged
tiic facts, and boldly defenc: . his conduct in both
ft
m
'tei
as
\m
1 ! I
1
LORD CLIVE.
69
instances The presents he received he had made
no secret of. and //..;; it was perfectly legal to
receive such presents: 'And, sir,' said Lord Clive.
'wh?n T .f""' '"^ addressing the Speaker,
when I recollect entering the Nabobs treasury
a Murshedabad with heaps of gold and silver to
the right and left, and these crowned with jewels'
-stnkmg his hand violently upon his forehead
^n.ll r ^•'^.^'ii'^^d ^t my own moderation!'
Fmally. General Burgoynes criminating resolutions
were rejected and the following innocuous ones
adopted ,n the.r stead : < That it appears to this
House that the Right Honourable Robert Clive.
Baron of P lassey in the kingdom of Ireland, about
the .me of the deposition of Surajah Dowlah
and the estabh'shment of Mir Jaffier on the mus.
nud. did obtain and possess himself of two lacs
of rupees, as commander-in-chief; a further sum
of two lacs and 80.000 rupees as member of the
select committee ; and a further sum of sixteen
lacs, or more, under the denomination of a private
donation, which sums were of the value of ;^2^oooo•
and that Lord Clive did. at the same time^'re'nT;
great and meritorious services to his country'
During the remainder of the session of parliament.
Lord Clive remained in town at his princely mansion
HI Berkeley Square ; but the Houses were no sooner
up. and all antagonism at an end. than he hurried
from place to place as if afraid of rest, of silence
of himse f First he went to his hou e at Bath'
next to his palace of Clare.., nt ; the walls of whkh
we are told, the peasantry whispered to each other'
the great, wicked lord had built so thick to keep
76 HEROES OF ROMANTrC ADVENTURE,
out the devil, ,o when, l,e had sold himself: The
subieet bf''"°" •" "'"'^'' '"^ '«'' ="' ="°ng been
at ivalco SI 1 r '"'T'^ '"'""^'f '° '"•' b°"==
goo,,; fif,:""' °l'P^"-d -i'h one of those
t'oomy Ms n,!ich cicompasscd him as u-itl. ,
t'h etu:;...,"\,f -^'"^^ ^°-- '='"/o„ r isi
;.o4h « i..;ri„-rL^i;.;ir.r:!r;t-
he m,ght h,s quietus ,naU with that poor weapoi
of PhZ'"tf' ^™-""^^' '^°''-'' Lord'ciiv: ;r ;
it wa had „t J ■ '"^"•""'cnt of death, tiny as
was d 'ne! T e :: „ ™: '''T "'"'-'"' "'^^
the manner „r rr f ? confl.c.ng aceounts of
as ^ere'rotLrr:arbr■r^=.:rr '■^"^"'•^^•
C.. account says h^e Sied I '^'^^^^
wllcot'paS "■ ""'"" ^' '"' S"™P'I"- -at,
Td M .^''""^"'•J'. and lord-lieutenan. of .alon
and Montgomeryshire. His eldest s- Eduard
was created Earl of Powis Ladv A ^.'^'
her husband for many yea^s! ^ ' '""^
Mr W. P Reach, who visited the village of Moreton
Say, near .Market-Drayton, about , 878:.,ays1n vj-
""" ^"'"" <'««S). 'bat .it is but a short Itanc^
JLOJ3E. '!
LORD CLIVE.
71
from Styche the birthplace of Clive. and the church
of^ Moreton-Say has Clive'.s grave witlii.i its walls.
H.s body lies under the pavement of the aisle and
near o the south door. Although there are several
niural monunients in memory of different members
of the Cl.ve family, I was surprised that there was
no nid.cat.on of the burial-place of the hero of
Plassey. except a pair of rusty spurs a ; gauntlets
on the wall near the grave, but no tablet or inscrip-
tion of any k-md. On the occasion of this and
subsequent visits I so strongly expressed my surprise
that I thmk ,t led to something being done At
anyrate there is no.v an unpretentious but neat
mural bra ; plate over his ojave.
•The re. r of that time wa:: an old man named
Upton, smcti dead. He told me that he had been
m the parish , curate, xicar. and (after it was
turned mto a rectory^ as rector for more than half
a century ; that he i ' seen the coffin of Clive and
the mscnption-plate oi, tlv occasion of putting some
heatmg apparatus in the church and the consequent
removmg of the pavement, &c. of the aisle. He
also told me that on his coming to the parish fifty
years ago (sixty now or more) he found a very old
man there as sexton and bell-ringer. This sexton
stated that he himself foiled the bell on the occasion
of Chves funeral, and that the funeral took place in
the dead of night. Clive died (by his own hand)
at Ills bouth Shropshire residence.
' The present rector of Morcton-Say kindly showed
me the register and the entry of Clive's baptism,
:, ^i"^. ^V^ °^'^ "^ ^I's funeral. Strange to say,
the ofificiatng curate of Moreton-Say at the time
73 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE
^reat-,.andso„ of Robert^'S CHve ' °"" "^'
Wd Macaulay lias left it on record that TI.W
I'J^e most men who are born with strnno. '
and tried bv ^^rr.nrr * J - strong passions
cluced a man more truly crreit ..;h,«. • ^
rniin,>;i' T-i . ""V great cither in arms or in
Clive it was gave England India . .
fc
I
I
I: ).'
■■ - lift
i !
Captain John Snulli.
i
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH,
FOUNDFR OF THE COLONY OF VIRGINIA.
EW men in any age or country were ever
engaged in more surprising adventures, or
exhibited greater fertility of resources, or
bore up against evil fortune with a braver
spirit than Captain John Smith. The
incidents in his story are so extraordinary
and startling, that the boldest fiction
would scarcely dare to imitate it. What happened
to him would suffice to impart interest to the lives
of a hundijd romantic adventurers. It seems likely
however, that he embellished and magnified many
of his adventures, and this must be kept in mind
while reading the account of his exploits. Fortune
seemed to lavish all her choicest caprices in her
dealings with him. By land and sea, in war and
peace, in freedom and captivity, in the decayincr
civilisation of the Old World, in the fresh and fierce
savagery of the New, in the depths of poverty, in
the elevation of honour and power— he gave proof
of being equal to all conditions. He was an English-
man in the finest sense of the word. Nothing could
subdue his intrepid courage ; nothing could corrupt
I
ih'
■ r
76 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE
at lenfTth thrr,„rrU , ' ^"" contrived
connect his name ^vhh X 1 ^lifficulties. to
States-a istorv Xh ^''°-^ °^ '^'' ^"'^'^
John Smith was born at WilIoiic.hbv in T Jn. .
He became a scholf" f^ Z , f L""=°''«W'-e-
Alford and Lou 1, hI is "rcf^ "'^, ""°°'^ "^
graphy, to info™ us That his Lfh '! ""°'^''''-
from .he ancient Smi , f of Cru le; rV^^^^'^^d
and his mother from th/p.vi^ J ^' V.^""'''"''^'
in YorI«hire Tn ^V "''' °' '^'■^»' H«cK-,
copy Of verses addSt°:r~d;:r^^^
rar;te::drr'^ ^ ""■^'' for%he^Ltme:
ni)!>4.-j fi- • I icsLitss spirits rons^ap*-'"
quiLtcu their homes in searrii «r r .. --*-^— "-/
bearcn of fortune or glory,
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 77
and too frequently found obscure graves in distant
ands. Recent discoveries appeared to have enlarged
the hm.ts of the universe-golden visions of power
and fortune dazzled the imagination of the whole
civilised world-men thought of nothing but the
planting of colonies and the founding of empires-
everything seemed possible to a strong hand and a
sharp sword-and it was not until age and experience
had taught their saddening lessons, that the intrepid
visionaries relinquished their hopes, and returned
perhaps to end their days in dreary obscurity by
their paternal firesides. ^
Defoe had, in all likelihood, carefully studied
the history of John Smith before he planned his
romance of Robinson Crusoe. At all events, the
descendant of the Smiths and the Rickards bore a
strong resemblance to that renowned personage, and
at a very early age formed the design of running
away from home, and going, as the phrase is, to sea
In order to check this disposition, he was, at the
age of fifteen, apprenticed to Mr Thomas Sendall,
a merchant of Lynn; but not finding a tall stool
and a desk at all suited to his taste, John took
French-leave of his master, and accompanied the
second son of Lord VVilloughby to Orleans. His
youth, probably, stood somewhat in his way on this
occasion. His patrons soon found out. it seems,
tha they could make no use of him. and therefore,
in the course of a month or six weeks, dismissed
him. very much chop-fallen ; but the indefatigable
John was not to be discouraged. He had evidently
made Ins guardians uncomr<,rtable ; and in order to
nd themselves of what, no doubt, they considered a
I '\
IN
78 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
nuisance, they had given him at parting, out of his
wTh T'u'u^'" niagnificent sum of ten sluUings.
w.tl which he resolved to carve his fortunes in the
world. He returned to Paris, went to Havre, and
h.s money beuig spent, he learned to be a soldier
under Henry IV. of France. He repaired afterwards
to the Low Countries, where, during the space of
four years, he served under the command of Captain
Joseph Duxbury. and hacked and hewed, and per-
formed numerous deeds of gallantry, which history
has perversely passed over in silence.
^ Before entering upon this service. Smith had met
m Pans one David Hume, who gave him letters to
h s r,ends m Scotland, with a design of recommend-
ing the young adventurer to King James. During his
first warlike fit, this epistolary wealth lay neglected •
but growing weary of hard knocks, with little corre-
sponding profit, our hero took his leave of the Low
Countries and proceeded to Scotland. sufTering ship-
wreck and a severe fit of sickness on the journey
Here he met with much hospitality, indeed, but found
he way to court closed against him. He returned
therefore, to Willoughby. in Lincolnshire, where he
gave the „e ghbourhood a taste of his' humour
not at all calculated to augment his reputation for
prudence. England, to be sure, was in'those "ays
a half-savage country, abounding with woods
7h r vr "^^y o^^^rrence. John hit upon a
scheme of life which, at the present day perhaps
would be thought Quixotic even in the mLt out-'
landish places.
On fir^t arriving at liis native place, the good
Oil-
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. . ya
folks mi^le a lion of hi,,,, and glutted hi,„ with too
defeht'°Hr.r' r' "■' .'I'' "<= ^^y=' '- '-'' -a^
dehght. He therefore yielded to his solitary instincts
and .nstead of taking lodgings at a n.illL 's , a
fc floor at Willougl,by, he rethed to a little wo^dy
many hundred acres of forest. Here bv a foi^
brook he built a pavilion of boughs, X'reX avoid
al dealings w.th upholsterers, he slept in his clothes
H, grand object at this time was to make progress
wo studies-war and morals ; things extremelv
I'ttle n,c i„ed to go together, fie therefore nor d
ncessantly over Machiavelli and Marcus AurelUs
and thus probably laid the foundation of that brU ant
success ,„ the field, and that stoical integrity al
Mtuat.ons, for which John Smith deserL to be
remembered for eve,-. At the same tin I.it must
rat er to the savage than to i^ ^rv ,™d taT He
ook-ed upon the earth as a large don.ain, besto«"d
vrntTl' l'' "''°" f ^"^"■■^ ="■"'-'. "'.o might
without blame, make use freely of what they found
m the,r way. In other words, John indulged a tole
m poach,ng-„ot personally, but by proxy; for he
had a n,an w.th him, who, while he was deep i,t
Marcus Aureliuss ethics, or Machiavellis art of wa
strolled w,th bag and fowling-piece about the counTry
brought home venison, and made him savoury meat^'
such as John delighted in. ^ '
We should do him great injustice, however if we
.magn.d that in this rctirenient, he warsati^d
Mtn books and ven,son. He l,ad along with hin, a
fine ho,se, and when tired of turning ov'c r the p;:^es
8o
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
f'l
Of the Florentine secretary, he mounted this fiery
animal, and amused himself with lance and ring
His strange manner of life soon rendered him an
object of great interest to the whole neighbourhood.
1 he portly squires and fair dames spoke by their
firesides of the wild soldier who had come hither,
surrounded by an atmosphere of romance, from
beyond sea; and through their intervention a
cornpanion was found for him, from whom he pro-
bably derived much advantage. This was Teodoro
I'olaloga, a noble Italian gentleman, and excellent
horseman— rider, as he was called, to the Earl of
Lmcoln. With this foreigner Smith was pleased to
converse ; and in order to enjoy his society, he aban-
doned his pavilion of boughs, and went to reside
at Tattersall.
But so peaceful a course of life soon ceased to
have any charms. He longed to be engaged in
some great theatre of war, in which he could display
his knowledge and valour ; and as the Turks were
at that time ravaging Hungary, he formed the design
of joining the Christian army, and rising to distinc-
tion by exhibiting his prowess against the infidels.
In the prosecution of this plan, however, he soon
showed how little he had profited by the study of
Machiavelli. He might, indeed, have learned how
to draw out a squadron in the field ; but in the far
more difficult art of divining the characters of men,
and defending himself from their villainy, he was
still a child. On board a ship bound for France,
he fell in with four adventurers, who, seeing him
elegantly attired, immediately formed a scheme for
enriching themselves by his plunder. One, there-
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH g,
accenciants They undertook to introduce Smith to
w° r „^"t.tf ;:rr\'^' -^^^
fn\^«„ , ' "° ^^'^^ '" league with him
sjr. • z vs' ,.- - s .i
relatives of the robbers resided.
In all this part of France, Smith was received with
great hospitality, and might probably h^ve spent
entertained by one nobleman after another had C
VVthTu^hV^H '"^ ^'"=''^'"^"' °f trave."'„d1var
he retnrnidT !,"''? '"PP'''='' '° I'''™' ""^--efore,
he returned towards the sea-coast, and, travellin,^
wLrr u 7 • " apparently cared not whither
When he had seen the end of his purse, weariness
F
h
a If
8^
HEROES OP ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
and hunger overtook him while travelling through
a forest. Exhaustion would not permit him to pro-
ceed any further. He laid himself down, therefore,
under a tree, beside a fountain, apparently intending
to remain there and die in peace: but a good
Samaritan came up, in the shape of a rich farmer,
who bore him to his dwelling, treated him kindly,
and placed him in a position to pursue his adven-
tures with renewed vigour.
^ Smith's study of Marcus Aurelius had not made
him a stoic. While yet smarting with the remem-
brance of his injuries, he met in a forest one of the
four villains who a short time before had robbed him
at St Valery-sur-Somme. The wretch had been
reduced to the greatest poverty, though, partly for
his own protection, partly for the purpose of replen-
ishing his purse at intervals, he still wore a sword.
Our fiery countryman, being equally well armed,
drew upon him immediately ; and while the inhabit-
ants of the neighbourhood rushed to the top of an
old ruined tower to behold the conflict, the two
adventurers exhibited all the resources of their skill
and courage in defence of their lives. Fortune does
not always declare on the side of justice, though, in
the present case, she showed herself to be in an
equitable humour. The robber fell ; and Smith had
the satisfaction of hearing him confess before several
witnesses, that he had been engaged in the trans-
action at St Valery, though he denied having in any
degree profited by the theft.
Smith now travelled through the western and
southern provinces of France ; visited the kingdom.s
of Beam and Navarre, and at length arrived at
ill
CAPTAIN J0IL\ SMITH.
S3
Marseilles, where he embarked for Italy on board a
vessel filled with pilgrims proceeding to the shrine
of our Lady of Loretto. Being a sturdy Protestant,
he soon found himself engaged in fierce disputes.'
Elizabeth was at that time carrying on with fire and
sword the work of the Reformation in England,
which inspired the continental papists with a bitter
hatred of her and her subjects. Smith therefore
exposed himself to the greatest danger by assailing
the Church of Rome in such company. He was
regarded as a sort of Jonah, with whom it was unsafe
to traverse the deep; so the pilgrims forced the
captain to throw him overboard. Providence, how-
ever, still M atchcd over him, and he made his way
by swimming to the little island of St Mary, which,
though stocked with goats and cattle, contained no
inhabitants.
Next day, he got on board a ship which had been
driven into the island by a storm, and finding the
captain, La Roche, to be an acquaintance of some
of his friends in Brittany, he told his story and was
most hospitably entertained. The gallant Breton,
his host, seems to have been half-merchant, half-
pirate. Smith, without hesitation, joined himself
to his fortunes; and sweeping down along the
shores of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily, they
passed over into the Gulf of Tunis, sailed along
the coast of Africa, touched at Alexandria, visited
Scanderoon, and then returning through the Gre
cian Archipelago, they arrived in the mouth of
the Adriatic, Here they fell in with a Venetian
argosy, and France being then at war with the
Republic, they attacked, and after a long and
W:
llf
I ■'
^li
H HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
bloody engagement, took the vessel, and plundered
It After IMS adventure, on which, following the
adv,ce of 'honest lago,' they put money in ^their
purses, Snmh and his friend La Roehe retraced the
course and after making the circuit of Sicily pro-
ceeded northwards till they reached the Roads of
Ant.bes. where, apparently at his own request, our
hero was put on shore.
John Smith now found himself master of coo
zcclnns, together with a box containing as n.any
more, which, as he quaintly and mysteriously
expresses ,t-God sent hin. With ,000 zechin^
in his possession, he considered himself equal to
any fortune, and deter. ',i red to see the world like
a gen leman. It wouhl . jaire fer too much space
to fbl ow hini muiutcH- hr.ugh all his subsequent
adventures The most w. can do is to pick him up
here and there where the character of his narrative
appears most interesting. When a man is fortunate
and a his ease, there is little more to do than simply
to state the fact. Good-fortune is extremely pleas-
ant to enjoy, but equally insipid in description,
i^torms. tempests, massacres, hair-breadth escapes
sangmnary battles, shipwrecks, starvation, violent
deaths- hese are the materials of history and bio-
graphy that quicken the reader's pulse, and make
h'-s heart beat with interest and sympathy
Let us, however, allow John Smith to describe in
where it was his chance to see Pope Clement VIII
v^h many cardinals, creep up the holy stairs, which
they say are those our Saviour Christ went up to
Pontius Pilate, where, blood falling from his head
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 35
d-'re ™ but r 1 '? "^ ■''''■'• "P"" "■"" "°'> ^•
u.ire go but in tliat manner ; sayinir so minv -,,„.
manes and paternosters as is 'tl Jr levSioT ^,d , „
knee bu rliv r?V"" "'"='' ^■"'' '"■•'>' E"' "^-"l "^
Kneel, but div.dcd from the lioly stairs by two walls
R Sl>t agan,st then, is a chapel, where han,.s a ^ eat
Iver an,p which burneth continually, yet thev sav
the 0,1 neither inereascth nor diminisi.eth ' ^ ^
Having gratified his curiosity in Italy, he em-
barked at Venice, and sailing down the A Irhtic „
Ragusa. proceeded thcnee to Gratz, in Styria, w'he e
Aust a, af tenvards emperor. It would be tedious
to follow hun through all his military career He
d«t.ngu,shed himself by great perso.ul gal antry
by the invention of stratagems and telegnfphs a id
was by degrees promoted to the rank'of c^ta f
Had he kept a journal at this period of his life a"d
afterwards published it, we should doubtless ,"ow
have read it with extraordinary interest But iH
we have left us is a brief outliL of Ss e i J
enough in itself, but very far from satisfacto;y Tl e
Christians were at that time engaged in cheeking
he progress westward of the Moliamniedan :r ;
which ir° 7 °'"''^. ""^ Si-eat battle-field on
which the adherents of both creeds exhibited their
Some of the incidents of this war belonged pro-
periy to chivalrous times. While the armies lav n
nSL °.'!'er. ".trenching themselves, and
making preparations for war in due form, the mors
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(716) 872-4503
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86 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
impatient spirits amused themselves with sending
challenges to each other, in order to bring abou^t
single combats, for the recreation, as they expressed
it, of the ladies. A Turkish officer, who is called
Turbisha in the narrative, invited some persons of
corresponding rank ^- engage with him in a passage
Captain Smith victorious over the Turk.
of arms before Regal. The Christian officers cast
lots, and the chance fell upon Smith, who, mounted
on a powerful charger, proceeded, lance in hand, and
accompanied by a page, to encounter the Moslem
hero. The ramparts of Regal (Stuhlweissenburg, in
Piungary) were lined, he says, with ladies, while the
Christian host stood in battalions on the plain, to
observe the conduct of their own champion. The
appearance of the Turk was extraordinary. • With a
noise of hautboys, he entered th;; fteli wdl mounted
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH.
87
and armed ; on his shoulders were fixed a pair of
great v.ings, compacted of eagles' feathers within
a ridge of silver, richly garnished with gold and
precious stones.' The combat was not of long
duration. With that impetuosity which characterised
the soldiers of the West, Smith, making a sudden
rush against the Osmanli, pierced him through the
head at the first charge. The body then tumbled
to the earth, and Smith descending, decapitated it,
and then bore the bloody trophy to his general, who
received it with praise and admiration.
Instead, however, of being discouraged, the
Osmanlis were only excited to emula'iion by this
catastrophe. A second challenge was on the day
following sent to the Christian camp, but this time
not addressed to the officers in general, but in par-
ticular to Smith. The challenger staked his head,
with his horse and armour, in the hope of avenging
the death of his friend. Our countryman readily
consented to meet the enraged Moslem ; and on
the appearance of the combatants on the field, the
trumpets sounded, and they rushed impetuously
against each other. Their lances, which would
appear to have been made of extremely brittls
wood, were soon sliivered, upon which they drew
their pistols, and discharged them at eacn other.
The Turk's ball hit Smith on that part of the
armour called the placard. At the very next shot,
he himself, however, was wounded through the
arm, and tumbled from his horse, upon which the
gallant Christian descended, again decapitated his
foe, and returned in triu
to his friends,
mph with horse and armour
88
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
«i t
the fan£s«c ,al:„11'fTe't° '^^r"^''^'' '"
Turkish ladies, .l°at he was l^''- ""= '°''' "^-^
their servants or nf fhl ' ^° enamoured of
■-■vaius, or 01 their servants hMHs o= .„ r
to return the ttto he haH f!l : '° '''^'^^^^
champion would com^ . f ^ ' P'""''"'' * ""'^d
them'^back "h TU"' ™f """-'^'k- to carry
down was taken Z h V> ^''^'' "'"' "'™>™
bestows the comic n^^ '" ?T"''- °" ^''°"' !>=
worthy believerTnIhe kT ^"^■"^'gro. This
adversary tCeitLr of fh.7" ^'°"''^ ' '" '""S^''
the usc^ofla^: ll'J^tTt'r- ".^declined
fate to pistol batfll^,!. ^'^™ '"« decision of his
those days no revoltrs ■ ""' '"'T'^- ^^ey had in
after the"^ first hot '^"coT '""''''= ''"^^'^^ '°'
battle-axes and stma ;°"'>="^"'s '"ok to their
each other ' At ,e if slTthT t' h™^ "^^"^^'^ «
appeared to be at the merT- nf ?f ' r" """P""' =""■
a shout was raised tmlh/ Iplrtf of T' ""':;
f^^«irr;e^-rf5T?-
along with him the head of the third T ^"'",^
acknow edffment of th,., ^- .• ", ™ ^urk. In
mund. Duke o? Transl '^""'''^ '""«• Sfeis-
to wear three Turk? hl^"' ^"'^ *""' P^'nis^on
and swore^Ll-tftert; Z^ZLVl''^''''
colours. He beside, h.c*- ^ f '" ^'^ o^^'"
set in .old/an'drplsSriife^fToo'V"?^''
year. "^ 300 ducats a
Tile war with the Tn-l-
- tne luxk:. proceeding, Smith
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH.
89
his fncT^nnif r ^ ^ courage, sometimes by
h.s .ngenuity : for example, a little before the battle
the entmys cavalry, which seems greatly to have
recommended him to the Austrian geLral Havin '
and fixed them on the hauU nf i^n \, ^'^^'
i..-.,^i^j J • "taas ot lances, thev were
kindled durmg a ni-^ht-atf-irl- nn,i *i "^
«.i, t /I '"d'^t-tiiuick, and threw arounH
them such flames and sparkles as fh/ri, ?
inght, and ciarg.nt; IhUkt arui thither amon<. tiieir
own ranks, threw then, into inextricable 00"^™
and occasioned a prcci,,itate retreat, '°"'"-™'
While reflating the events of this war, Smith seems
to have been bctraved intn -. „ .
humour All 1,- '^ " ^'y sangumary
numour. All his p„^res savour of death and
slaughter, and he occasionally becomes cLuem
... his description of battle-fields. At len^h low
ever, fortune utterly deserted him, and he was S
St etched among the dead and dying, wl,ere he
Hlagers found him when they came' o rifle t t
field. Conceiving, by hi.s armour and appearance
hat a considerable sun, might be obtafed fo?" s'
ransom, they ..pared his life, and carried hto awal
s::r;pite;' n^'" ""''■ "» "^■" - -'= -«• --
c':;7ii^;rATr:at,iir''' "- '— «'^ -^ -•-
Here he found himself in the service of a ladv
young and beautiful, on wl.n.n i,, UcZ L ^'
of C'hamfr^o T 1 . " 7 ■ "- DCatuus the name
Qt Ch^r^tza Tragab.gzanda. Her husband, wlw
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90 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE,
desired to pass with her as a hero, had boasted in
h.^ let ers that Smith was a great Bohemian lord,
whom he had taken with his own hand in the field
and by whose ransom she might hope to be enriched'
Tragabigxanda would appear to have had no great
Idea of her husbands prowess, and therefore ques-
tioned her captive narrowly on the subject. He
confessed rankly that he had never seen her
husband, who had caused him to be purchased in
the s ave-market ; that he was not a Bohemian, but
an Lnghshman ; and instead of being a great ord
was merely a soldier of fortune. The Turkish lady.'
hke a second Desdemona. seems to have loved him
for the dangers he had passed, and in part also
perliaps for his candour and honesty. Fearing that
1 er mother m.ght form the plan of selling him. if
she got the .^htest hint of her inclinatTons. and
a so findnig considerable difficulty in holding com-
mun.ca .on w.th liim. she put in practice her woman's
ingenuity, and sent him to her brother Timor, pasha
of Nalbnts. on the Don. in Crim-Tartary. wiere he
m.ght learn the Turkish language, acquir; also the
manners of the country, and render himself in other
respects a fit man to figure in the position she
designed for him.
r.«^"\ /T ^^'''^^'''' '^^'^'^^' ^"^ ^'^ws no way
Tr ve ifh'^T' ""^J^^"^^' '''''''-''' ^'d Smith
?. !n . ^T' '''"" ^^" determined he should
feel all the weight of servitude, and expiate, as far
as possible by suffering, the crime of haWng inspired
a Moslem woman with affection. He had his head
shaved put a heavy iron collar about his neck
dressed him in haircloth, and set him to do all the
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. qi
meanest drudgery for the other slaves. Among his
hardships he enumerates eating soup made with
tae entrails of horses. He talks also of coffee and
sherbet, and sneers contemptuously at the Turks
for eatmg piilaus with their fingers, which he calls
rakmg the dishes with their foul fists.' Slavery
produced upon our countryman its natural effects :
It msp.red him with rage and ferocity, especially
when he reflected, as he often did. that instead of
being treated with the kindness which Tragabigzanda
meant should be shown him. he was every day
insulted . Mid degraded by her inhuman brother
Among his other labours, he was set. in the season
succeeding harvest, to thrash out the corn on a field
at a distance from his masters house. Impatience
of servitude, and the passion for M'andering and
fighting, in which he had all his life indulged, here
came upon, him with redoubled force. He was
naturally enough inclined, therefore, to look upon
his tyrant with an evil eye; and while he was
brooding over his wrongs and miseries, his master
unfortunately arrived at the thrashing-floor. Beino-
by nature savage and brutal, he began to beat''
spurn, and revile the captive, who, in a moment of
ungovernable fury, struck him with the thrashing-
bat, and killed him. He then stripped him, and
put on his clothes; after which, hiding the body
under the straw, he filled his knapsack with corn,
shut the door, mounted the tyrant's horse, and rode
forth boldly at random into the desert.
During two or three days he wandered about, not
knowing whither he went ; but coming to one of
those picturesque finger-posts, he discovered the
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92 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
road leading towards Russia, and immediatelv
struck n.to it. Captain Sn.ith's words are ^ ^1^
and .n ,t so many bobs witii broad ends as there be
ways; and every bob the figure painted on i tha^
demonstrateth to what part that way lead eh as
that wh.ch pointeth towards the Crims co „try
as marked with a halfe-moon ; if towards the
Georgians and Persia, a black man, full of white
spots ; af towards China, the picture of the sun f
hThat-ta^'"T ''\^'^" °' ^ ^^-^' '^ ^--d'
the habitation of any other princ, the figure wherebv
his standard is known.' wnereby
The progress of Captain Smith durino- sixteen
tXelTc '' V'"^^ '''''' '" *'^^- times'-extend d
between Cr.m-Tartary and the Russian frontier
^jpeaking of the knights-errant, he says;
And when through deserts vast,
Or regions desolate they passed,
VV here belly-timber above ground
Or under, was not to be found
Unless they grazed, there 's not one ord
Of their provisions on record,
Which made some confidently write
They had no stomachs, but to fight.
Having accomplished this feat, he arrived at
^copohs, a Christian garrison on'the Do .where
.Ins chains were struck off, and he found hhnself
suai^enly in favour of a great lady, on wholn he
bestow'^, the name of Callamata. As he probably
made kn.9vvn his desire of returning to the scene of
his forme^^ military achievements, he was passed
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 9,
from garrison to garrison, and from town to town
me city of Hermannstadt in Transylvania His
notions of geography were rather confused so that
he .mag,nod himself to have traversed a ^arto
evidently towards the north and west We are
tempted to extract from his memoirs a short passage
thrd'a^'^t^'n^ ^'"-^ "' S°""-" '^^
inosc days. The villages are only here and there
^ few houses of straight fir-trees laid heads and
points above one another, made fast by 1 otehes "t
h ends, more than a man's height, and^vi°h broad
as h,t il /• r'^'""'" '°S''^'" '"'h ™odcn pins
as thatched for coverture In t.n 11
shall scarce find ten iron^ils, except" it" Tso^'m^
extraordinary man's house. You shall find nave
ments, over bogs only of young fir-treesTS
respect, mirth, content, and entertainment, and not
any governor where he came, but gave h m some
what as a present, beside his charges '
Having reached Hermannstadt. he was received
and treated with extraordinary hospitTtv whirh
accompanied him through Hun^gar^a d L --^
till he fell m with Duke SifrismnnH nf ! . '?"^™^'
gener I , „„ hSi^^cats^fT^'wIh
r„ ■ — r^ ^' "'^ travelled at his ease through
Germany, France, and Spain; the wandering fmpule
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HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
still carrying him forward without intermission. He
then crossed over into Morocco, visited the capital
city, and after picking up a large quantity of
undigested information, returned to the coast. Here
he went on board the ship of one Captain Merham,
probably a buccaneer, and a man of indomitable
valour. Having put out to sea, and been driven by
a storm to the Canary Islands, he fell in with two
Spanish men-of-war, and engaged in a desperate
fight, in which Smith took an active part. Few
encounters at sea, between forces so inadequate, ever
lasted so long or were so sanguinary. Merham's
ship was more than once on fire, and in danger of
being blown up ; but with a courage bordering on
desperation, he poured broadside after broadside
into the enemy, until their docks were covered with
dead. He then sheered off; and effecting his
escape, which they also on their part were rejoiced
to accomplish, he returned to England about the
year 1604 with 1000 ducats in his pockets.
Here terminates what may be denominated the
first cycle of the acts of Captain John Smith, who
seems to have settled down quietly in his own
country to enjoy some repose after the innumerable
adventures and mischances through which he had
passed. It seems impossible to throw any particular
light on the life he now led. He does not inform us
whether or not he applied himself to the recovery
of the property bequeathed him by his parents,
whether he engaged in any profitable speculation,
or merely subsisted on the remainder of the money
bestowed on him by Duke Sigismund.
About the year 1605, however, he became ac-
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH.
95
quainted with Captain Bartholomew Gosnold. who
had formed the project of carrying out a large body
of colonists to Virginia. Smith, with his usual
promptitude, seems to have entered at once into
Gosnold s views, and to have seconded them vigor-
ously; but it was fully two years before the expedi-
tion was organised, and the authority of government
i u^u'. J"'"" *^' ^''^""'y °^ *^^ P'"^^'0"s attempts
which had been made to settle in Virginia, it is not
necessary to enter: they belong properly to the
general history of the United States. We shall
merely observe, that all the endeavours of the
English to found a colony in that part of America
had hitherto failed, so that it was left for the friends
and companions of Gosnold to carry into execution
the designs of Raleigh.
James I. contrived systematically to mar whatever
he undertook. His theory of political wisdom led
him to place it exclusively in craft and cunning, in
subtle contrivances and small mysteries ; and he
appears to have been invariably surprised when
plans commenced in folly terminated in discomfiture
In the present instance, he , ..nted the adventurers
letters-patent, conferring on them great powers and
an extensive jurisdiction ; but with that propensity
for playing at statesmanship to which we have
already alluded, he inclosed a list of the names of
the future governors of the colony in a box, the seals
of which were not to be broken till the arrival of the
whole party in Virginia. Smith savs : 'When I
went first to these desperate designs, it cost me
many a forgotten pound to hire men to go, and
procrastination caused more to run away than went
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96 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
I have spared neither pains or money accordinf^ to
my ability, first to procure His Majesty's letters-
patents, and a company here, to be the means to
raise a company to go with me to Virginia, which
beginning here and there cost me nearly five years'
[1604-09] work, and more than five hundred
pounds of my own estate, besides all the dangers,
miseries, and incumbrances I endured gratis.' There
were two colonising associations formed, the London
Company for South Virginia, and the Western
Company for North Virginia. Smith was among the
founders of the London Company.
No one, tlicrcfore, at the outset possessed any
authority whatsoever, except such as may have
been based on his own private arrangements. The
conveyance of the colonists to the shores of the
New World was intrusted to Captain Christopher
Newport, whom experience had rendered intimately
acquainted with the eastern shores of America. On
the 19th December 1606, the expedition, consisting
of three vessels and 105 men, set sail from lilackwall,
but, by unfavourable winds, were kept six weeks in
sight of I<:ngland. During this period, dissensions
broke out on board, arising out of a very peculiar
cause.
Mr Hunt, who was what we should now call the
chaplain to the expedition, was a man of strong
religious feelings, conscientious, energetic, and de-
voted to his duty. In health, however, he was
weakly and delicate, and seemed on the point of
falling a victim to his zeal even before leaving his
native land. He belonged no doubt to the Puritan
party, which may probably explain the offence he
CAPTAIN JOHN SMrrit. g^
gave to some of the principal leaders of the eolonv
whom Captain Smith stigmatises as • little 3
than atheists; To the utmost of their power, these
men annoyed and persecuted the preacher but
though, wh,le the vessels lay in the Downs, he wa
mduce h,m to desert his post for a moment. We
allude to th,s circumstance, because it may in some
sort be sa,d to supply a key to many of the d as" r^
that followed The colonists consisted of a 1 ete o
seneous multitude, differing in faith, in tastes Tn
habits, ,n eharacte. and therefore prepared, at the
first opportunity, to fly asunder, desert each other
jeetors, Smith m his G,»cra/ History says that
he was accused of intending to usurp -.he govert
ment, murder the council, and make himseff khg
He was kept a prisoner for the rest of the voyage
after they reached the Canaries ^^
thjAli*"'?? *' ";' ^"""'■^^ ^°' >™'"' tl'ey traversed
he Atlanticin the latitude of the West Indies; put
m for provisions and trade at Dominica; and after-
wards landing at Guadeloupe, they discovered a hot
spring, in which they boiled pork as well as in a
Virgin Isles, they spent some time ; where, with a
loahsome beast like a crocodile, called an iguana
with tortoises, pelicans, parrots, and fish, they^daily
had a luxurious feast. Leaving these islands, they
to them" a ;" \ ""^'' °' ^'^g'"-' "''-l^ --
to them all an unknown land. The sailors were
th
iree days out of their reck
onmg; .ind so much
Jiseouragement arose among the Vifferent' misters
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HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
and crews, that it was scarcely to be suppressed.
One of them, Ratclifife, a commander of the pinnace,
was only prevented by the occurrence of a storm
from putting about the helm and sailing for England.
The tempest, however, accomplished what they
seemed incapable of achieving for themselves ; so
that, going at random before the gale, they were
fortunately driven into the very harbour of which
they were in search. They were driven into the
mouth of Chesapeake Bay, and discovered land,
26th April 1607.
Upon the first land they made, they bestowed, in
honour of the Prince of Wales, the name of Cape
Henry. Here thirty of the colonists disembarked ;
and while amusing themselves, and thinking, appar-
ently, of nothing but peaceful enjoyments, they
were attacked by a party of five savages, who
inflicted dangerous wounds on two of their number.
This induced them to proceed in future with greater
caution. The northern point at the entrance of
Chesapeake Bay they named Point Comfort. The
Indians Smith thus describes : ' As goodly men as
any I have seen of savages or Christians, the Wero-
wance (chief) coming before them, playing on a
flute made of a reed, with a crown of deer'sl hair,
coloured red, in fashion of a rose, fastened about his
knot of hair, and a great plate of copper on the
other side of his head, with two long feathers in
fashion of a pair of horns placed in the midst of
his crown. His body was painted all with crimson,
with a chain of beads about his neck ; his face
painted blue, besprinkled with silver ore, as we
thought; his ears all behung with bracelets of
I
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH,
pearl, and in either o^r ^ k- j- ,
beset with fine opper o, 'j^^' V™ ,"^™"S'> 't,
in so modest a oroud r-h;^ "^ entertained us
a prince of cfvirgovefnte„"t' 'Lm™^','^ "'' "^'^
ance witliout lau|l°terTr ' l'*^ '"' '=°""""-
He caused his mft I ^ '." '" ''''"'"°"'''
where he sat down llh "^'"""^ °" "'^ Broxmd,
pipe of toblo he rS 'ofCc*"'^"'^" ''""« ^
about hin,. After he had .etd aThife T""'""
and made signs to us to co" - to h n T
went foremost, and all the r ' of hi I' ""
ourselves followed him up a steen h' n "^T''' '■""'
palace was settled. We IJeAtT , ' Y''"^ '"■'
;n fine paths, having mo'^^'taarf ■'"' "?"'-^
issued from the mountains wf P""^' "''''=''
the goodliest cornfielt'that ^ rtr^Lwr"''"'
country. When ur« ^^ . t. ^^" '" ^"y
entert4ed^^T„ ^U h^^am';'''^''''^""^' '-"• '>'
Capttta Tohn Smith' "^."^^r'?'"^ ^o-'""'"
Christophei Newport John RTtdiffe, I'^t^"^'''''
and George Kenda I Smkh though " '?"'
councillor, being under arre t 'was not "
fot ; later, on aoth June, he v!;s adm," d "Z"'
of importance were to be exam,-n<.dT • ^"^
determined by the decisL of 1 e „aioritv T/ ^,"'
councl, in which the president had twot es' ""
se.i'rr:p::'!r'b,"'r'''^ '^"^ °' «^'' ■*^. ■■«
---"-fc, a spot cugible Tnr fi,« „:i.- /• ..
which they designed to
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new
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HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
settlement. The members of council were then
sworn, and Mr Wingfieid was elected to be first
president. An oration was delivered — by whom it
is not stated — detailing the reasons why Captain
John Smith was to be excluded from their body.
It is fair, however, to infer, that they arose out of
paltry personal jealousies excited by Smith's superior
talents and energy, of which the more ignorant and
incompetent members of government stood in awe.
As soon as this matter had been brought to a con-
c'vision, they commenced the extraordinary process
of founding a city in the wilderness. All was now
noise, bustle, and activity. The authorities laid out
the plan of the fort at Jamestown, while the
colonists betook themselves to the felling of trees,
in order to produce a clear space on which to pitch
their tents. It cannot be doubted, that to their
mind's eye a regular city, with streets, churches, and
a market-place, with esplanades and terraces, with
docks and arsenals, with shops and warehouses, and
inns and taverns, and a crowded population, even
then presented itself. Meanwhile, some were engaged
in laying out gardens, others in fabricating fishing-
nets, others in making preparations for reloading
their ships. The natives, struck by the strangeness
of these operations, and not foreseeing what endless
calamities were to arise out cf what they saw to
themselves and to their posterity, came with much
kindness to visit the English settlers. The presi-
dent's overweening jealousy would admit of no
exercise at arms, and no other fortification except
the branches of trees, thrown rudely together in the
form of a half-moon by the extraordinary pains and
ere then
be first
whom it
Captain
;ir body,
e out of
superior
irant and
.1 in awe.
to a con-
' process
was now
laid out
hile the
of trees,
to pitch
to their
:hes, and
ces, with
uses, and
on, even
engaged
^ fishing-
■eloading
angeness
t endless
/ saw to
th much
lie presi-
t of no
n except
ler in the
ains and
CAPTAIN JOHN SMlTIf. j^,
new discovered Vir..inK \Z ! "\'™''«^ ■" ""'s
■>i".t.s iyin, on .,.:i";: coM\™X::r '^h"^
soever came, and warded all ?l ^ 1 , '"'■■'"'"
l"-ougI.t our men to be 1, f" tt ' ''f^' '""'<=''
food was but a snnH „„ T T "^ "'''"='"^''- O"'"
to five n,c„ a du O "^ ''.■•";'"=>' =°dd'^" m water
out or the ri^er "^bich 'wa ^f a^n" T" '''"'"
at a low tide full nr !l f ''°°'' ^<=''y salt,
ue.,tr„c.,-o„':/"i //or:„rt:^'"'-^"r" --^ '"^
the colonists died wi^in srx Chs '"'^'"""■" "^
ctrds°%:' t;^- °-"^^^^
isla 1 0„ h o'l "■■ T°f "•■ ""•= "■^'^^ '■""1=
mi^^fartbe^" ^°'"'- ""^ "^" '^ "■-'"•='--'bIe; but a
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twenty miles of Jamestown, when their conduct
began to excite apprehension. This arose, no doubt,
out of the events which had meanwhile taken place
at the settlement, where everything had been put
in jeopardy, either through the well-founded jealousy
of the natives or the overbearing insolence of the
colonists. In whatever way they originated, those
hostilities had commenced, which, after long genera-
tions, were to terminate in the extinction of the
native race. The imprudence of Governor Wing-
field's policy soon appeared. Observing the settlers
to be intent on the building of the city, without
police or discipline, the natives collected in force,
and made an impetuous attack on them. Being
totally unprepared, they were easily thrown into
confusion; and seventeen of their number were
wounded. Perceiving the advantage they had
gained, the natives pressed forward with the evident
intention of exterminating their enemies ; but a
cross-bar discharged from one of the ships flying
among the trees, brought dovv'n an immense bough
among their ranks, which excited so much alarm
that they retreated, and allowed the colonists time
to rally, and provide effectually for their defence.
The governor now endeavoured to repair his
negligence, consenting that the fort should be sur-
rounded with palisades, the guns mounted, and the
men exercised in the use of arms. Considering the
small number of the settlers, we may imagine the
difficulties to which they were exposed, having to
labour all day and watch all night, to guard the
w'orkmen, resist the enemy, reload the ships, and
prepare the ground for the cultivation of corn.
! II
conduct
) doubt,
;n place
een put
jealousy
; of the
d, those
genera-
of the
■ Wing-
settlers
without
in force,
Being
wn into
>er were
ley had
I evident
; but a
)s flying
e bough
:h alarm
ists time
"ence.
pair his
1 be sur-
and the
;ring the
gine the
aving to
uard the
lips, and
:n.
I
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 103
smTh. r:,:""; '":,".:, :i:t\ t'^'-'' <^=""^'"
> 'Mi^ uic grou- ci on which he was excluded
mm the council. It appear., that, as early as whel
the sh.ps were still in the Canary I.slands a nlan
had been formed for hi., cle.structio^, or, at Lst for
the annA,Iat,on of hi, pro,pcct, and fame. Inspired
by we know not what jc.lousie,, there were ttose
among the leaders of the colony who affirmed as
ve have sa,d, that he had entered into a conTpirkcv
to murder the council, to usurp the government and
establish h.s own authority a, king
,. " T"',,'!''' """ '"" I'»'-"'»--'"s were dispersed
eZf r'^ "'"' "'"'"■ ■•""' "«' »™e of Them
mpentmg of the.r intention.,, had revealed the trutT,'
For these reasons he wa., .,eized, and kept in confine-
men dunng thirteen week.,, while his enemies were
deba ,ng whether he should be put to dea h ^r
s,mp y sent back to ICngland with'disgrace. They
affected through charity, to prefer the latter cou e
but Srnuh, confident in hi, innocence, laughed ai
tle,r suspicions and machinations, not doubtlglha
he 1 ould be able to clear him.,elf to the satisffctio,
of the whole world. Public opinion in the colony
soon veered round to hi, .,i<lc , and the matted
having been brought under the cognisance of tl"
authorities, Governor Wingfield, apparently his clkf
ff2oo which Smith, with hi, habitu.il generosity
mmediately threw into the general fund. Through
X^'T "J!": i"'""' "- P--''-. « -on.
h''c ;:l^'?,=':;f ''^''r"' <^-™"'- Wingfield
"1- i^..p.cm oiuiih; afterward.,, like rehVinn,
Englishmen, they all received t]J "'^T^
1 «ii received tlie communion
111 I
\ il
104 lIliKOES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
together. Next day, and evidently, as Smith
thinks, in consequence of this pious act, the savages
sued for peace ; upon which, Captain Newpoit
sailed for England, leaving behind him lOO men as
the nucleus of the population of Virginia. This
happened on the 15th of June 1607.
Within ten days after the departure of the ships
for England, nearly all the settlers were seized with
oickncss, so that very few among them could walk
or stand. In explaining the causes of this malady,
Smith throws a startling light on the wretched
system of colonisation adopted in those times by
our ancestors. In the main, no doubt we have
succeeded, and planted prosperous settlements in
various parts of the world ; but in Virginia, at least,
it might be very fairly questioned whether we
merited the good fortune that attended us. Neglect,
ignorance, improvidence, characterised the proceed-
ings of government and colonists ; and it would be
difficult, in the history of European settlements, to
discover a more touching picture of mismanagement
and distress than that which Smith draws of the
condition of the founders of the British power in
Virginia ; and thereat, he says, none need marvel,
if they consider the cause, which was this : While
the ships stayed, their allowance was somewhat
improved by a daily proportion of biscuit, which
the sailors pilfered to give in exchange for money,
sassafras furs, &c. ' Had we been as free from all
sins as from gluttony and drunkenness,' adds the
simple historian, 'we might have been canonised
for saints ; but our president would never have been
admitted, for engrossing to his pri-ate use oatmeal,
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. ,05
food' ^t "TJC"'"' ^"''' """ ^es^'' The common
dltrihT,t / "'°'' '°"''™™= description, and
sisted of half a p,nt of wheat, and as much bariev
bo.lcd with water, for each man every day and
Md c'oT-'"; """' '"^"'^-»- -cks'n th^'sh"'
hold, contamed as many worms as grains so tliat
;t m,ght rather be described as brfn tl mn com
Thc,r d„„k was water, their lodgings .castles in tte
tney could. They were constantly engaged either
m carrymg or setting up palisades. ^^ ^"
Up to the month of September, those of the
eolon,sts w^,o had escaped the destructive effec s
Une half of their number, however, had died The
remamder, disgusted by the luxurious negligence of
the pres,dent, who was discovered to be Lditat'n J
cLTa^Ra'td'^ P'r«-,^^P-d him, and eS
Captam RatchiTe m h>s place-Gosnold, who mi^ht
have been presumed to possess a superior claim
bemg now dead. The surviving settlers attribu ed
^u^^eo—L" "■= ^^■■'^"' — "^ '^e-
The condition of the small garrison of Jamestown
was at length, all but desperate. No mo/e "ur^eo
a ted and i'f • ""''' °*" P™"^'"- «-- »
prev to th. 7 """r '"°"""' ^='P="'^d to fall a
prey to the violence of the natives. But the policv
o barban.-,ns is always fluctuating. From motH^s
humanity, the savages took pity on the wretched
! M
• ■ Mi
!f
It's
!|7i
T06 IIKKOKS OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
Jttl(
id supplied th(
ith
abund-
.iin,t- ui LUC- iruits oi me son, mat tiiey all lived once
more in affluence. The new governor, meanwhile,
with Martin, who would appear to have formed his
whole council, proved to be no abler than his pre-
decessor. Every public duty devolved on Captain
Smith, who, by his energy, activity, and sagacity,
imparted life and hope to the colony. By his own
example, good words, and fair promises, he encour-
aged some to mow, others to find thatch; some
to build houses, others to roof them; so that, in
a short time, he provided nearly all but himself
with lodgings.
Observing the natives to grow more remiss in
bringing in provisions, chiefly because they had
little more to spare, he went with a number of men
on board the shallop, and sailed away in search of
trade. Dropping down the river to a place called
Kecoughtan, he endeavoured to barter with the
natives, but they, believing him and his companions
to be driven thither by famine, treated them at first
with contempt, offering them a piece of bread or a
handful of corn in exchange for their arms. Finding
that nothing was to be obtained of them by fai'r
means. Smith, urged and excused by necessity, was
fain to employ force. Discharging their pieces,
therefore, and running their boat suddenly on shore,
they so alarmed the natives, that they took rapidly
to flight, and concealed themselves in the neighbour-
ing woods. Marching to their village, they found
in all the houses large heaps of corn, upon which
his companions wished to seize at once; but he
return
lo-
might
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. jq^
he was disannoinl,., T '^"^ <^'<P«'at'on
the number oT™".; or " ^..rT""'' "f .=''■ '»
before them, an.l fl^n h " feir dubf T ''f°'
weapons in tlic most hn.t l" ""'' °""-'''
eoin's forth t"":: 2 "r"""\ T;- English,
so that they wer conr'n ri, 7f?,'^-'""^*
make use of their firearms ^ , '^''-'^'^'''"'=<=- to
imn>ediately lav st.lT , """'' °^""= "'""'^''"ts
the remain^de'^S'tf Tcot rs^Td" tl ^^
abundanee. Sm h rS to the ' rT'"'""-^ '"
matists, that if six men of th. tT ""^^ "'>'"-
unarmed, and aid him 1 , L t h^C" e ^"Tt'
not on y restore to then, thei? oUc,Z' do/T t
-latrt^Thfr^^^^^^^^
faithfully performed thei part a. d H,e i "°'"''
away singing and dancing' " '"^S^' "'"'t
Snnth was no doubt hailed, on his return t„
Jamestown, with murh i„„ • u\ '°
I
i< I
^ [ i
'! Nil
108 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
Mi ;;
I:
('it *■
with' ti,c''""r "■ r'' •'' ''^^ "^ ""'"='-• "• •'-'"
«ith the natives for sucli provisions as would l,e
wan „,g for .he ensuin,. year. In the in.erva le
mad several journey, into the interior, to disc;v r
new tribes and lands, and to collect provisions ]iut
what he care nlly gathered together the others c
le sly squandered. During his absence, n,oreovcr
VVntgfield and Kendall, who for .so„,e tin e had been
^vn,g ,n d,,,graee, dctern.ined either to regain thei
pre7t7be"Th '° '■-"«'"'"• •'^"'•■'-•"S 'he lat.^^
pro ect to be tl e more practicable, they formed a
hid ZT7 ;,' '"""•■'''••■ "■'"■ ^"' ""^ "'"cluandise
aid up by Smith on board to e.Nehange for pro-
visions with the natives. They had alrelly i„ , "t
cxeeuted their design when Smith returiL IVoi
board ad thT "'°"" '"' ''"^ ''^'^ -'-"y <"■
the stream. With his usual pronnititude decision
aiid courage, he immediately diterm'ined wiia ct
to take, l^rmgmg up his men to the beach after
vainly inviting the deserters to return to the du y
1.C poured a volley into the pinnace, whose crew
returned the fire, and the action was contin i^ed 7or
some time. At length. Captain Kendall anc
ho rest surrendered at discretion. Smith had soo
a envards to counteract another project, formed by
the aetual governor and Captain Archer, to abando^
the colony But the difficulty still was to obtain
provisions, and all Sn,ith-s ingenuity was exhausted
in the endeavour to secure a supply. Corn, however
he at length obtained from the natives; and on the
setting in of winter, the rivers were so crowded with
swans, geese, ducks, and cranes, that they every
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. jq^
canoe, ^ifh tw" eI £,^'';^»'!°'"'"y '*--• '" a
adventurous spirit reu !^ , ™ '"'"'"• "''=
Takin;; alon^ w , " f ?':' 'l'"' '"^''"'^''^ °f f^"'--
attacked ., a^ut u^!; t^I^S' "a'tir ^ t^
dS^sk!™- ifTb' -"«'■' 'o -' ■>'- off i'l-
endeavou d o spare thr*-'' .rP"^""*-' "'« ">ey
inc. f r u ^ ^^^y^' ^^ a buckler. After kill
men, George Cassen, Jehu Roblson and Tho™"
/;et.lTrr:';lre£f--
him f^ o ; ^""^^ ^^'^'^^ prisoner, thev tied
together with a lono- speech on tt T^^t'''
of i> ,„h.vi *i '^ i^peecn on the use and va ue
I! i-
110
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
and eat him, which the; relinquished and resumed
several times durinfj his?, aptivity. First, however,
the queen brought him water to wash with, and
another woman a bunch of feathers, to be used
instead of a napkin, to dry his hands, while the
rest prepared him a banquet in their most sumptu-
ous manner. At the di'iioucmait of the piece, they
placed his head upon a flat stone, while two or three
chiefs, with heavy clubs in their hands, drew near,
with many fearful exhibitions of ferocity, to dash
out his brains. At this moment, Pocahontas, the
favourite daughter of the great chief, rushed forward,
and seizing his head in her arms, uttered many
entreaties that his life might be spared ; but when
she found that these were all unavailing, she placed
her own head upon that of the prisoner, intimating
that they should kill her 1 cfore they touched him.
Upon this, Powhatan, her father, granted him his
pardon ; and shortly afterwards it was agreed that
he should be sent to Jamestown, upon his promise
to give them two great guns and a grindstone ; the
chief adding that he would bestow on him a large
tract of country, and regard him as his son.
The natives kept their word, and Smith was
restored to his countrymen. By way of impressing
the persons who accompanied him with a hirh idea
of the English power, they loaded two oi ttiree
pieces of cannon with stones, and dischar ' i Si^i-
at some immense trees covered with icicles, which,
coming down with a crash, mingled with boughs and
branches, so terrified the savages, that they ran
"?y. Coming back, however, when their fear was
ov.'. ihey itccivcd numerous presents for the chiefs
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. ,„
and the women, and returned tc their tribe ex
^^C^'' '"' '""'--'' "'"^ -ont^rat
cha'"ractr'"?r'''' """•"""^ « •'»■"«'<'«'". who in
Ciu actu and manners were little better th-.n fre^
again s z zrT '■" "'"■^!' '"^y --
appointment, t^td t^:ir ^S% "/ethtr atd
panied him when1,e° UT t e^n "prL: r" IS
nd"la~ "r™?, "■". '"^ ""^-tood"both";:t
«.„ .r , ■ ^ ""S'" his enemies in a net and
sent them home for trial to England
Great difficulties were meanwhile experienced !„
!;7 f ., , appearance, have failed without the
s em° o'ha ""'"' """'' "^'J^- ''ocahonta JL
seems to have conceived a distaste for the societv of
At e„°d" hT™' "'" " ^'™"e P--" for Europlf
ttm a'„ ll " H ""'" °' °"'" ^™">^"' =he brougl t
hem an abundance of provisions, remained some
time at Jamestown, and then returned to her
po^arrlfed'T ^'r ^f""^^^ "^^'- Captain Ne^v-
quantitLof ''°''\^"t"'^' bringing with him large
sirto tL . "."^'T^'r- «"d a considerable aceel
out IV T- " ''"'' "°''' determined to fit
out the pmnace for a trading vova™ ,„,on-^^e
'■at.ves; and the two captain^ Smith°and Newport
I ';:f
' i
112 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
with a guard of forty men, proceeded on a visit to
Powhatan, the father of Pocahontas, with whom and
anotlicr great chief they carried on a profitable
trade ; after which, they returned laden with pro-
visions to Jamestown,
Scarcely had they arrived before a great fire broke
forth in the fort, which consumed whatever was
combustible — houses, arms, provisions, palisades —
leaving them almost at the mercy of the savages.
It would be more agreeable could we, consistently
with truth, describe our countrymen engaged in
those adventures as upright and romantic men,
charitably disposed towards each other, and remark-
able for their integrity in their general dealings with
mankind. Unfortunately, the reverse of all this was
the case. They were selfish, mean, and plotting,
eager for gain and for present enjoyment, regardless
of the contrivances by which they enriched them-
selves. The same thing is true of nearly all the
founders of new settlements. Good, therefore, in
all such instances, may truly be said to come out
of evil. Newport and his comrades, converting their
ship into a floating tavern, practised every kind of
extortion upon the colonists, many of whom, dis-
ciplined by adversity, would seem already to have
acquired a superior theory of human duties. Then
Hunt, the preacher, a stern Puritan, when he lost
all his books and property in the fire, never uttered
a murmur, but set himself patiently about repairing
the damage, and enduring, with true Christian stoi-
cism, the evils he found to be unavoidable. He
would appear to have succeeded in imparting the
same virtue of fortitude to many others, especially
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. jj,
the founder of a new state ''"°""=
acted in an eZlVwS I """"^ "^ "«= »'^"lo'-«
obedience to thfeof it'll "' """""• ^''•■'''''"'''
their own view" all n f-f "' '""^ "'^ " »""<-'J
they seemedl T P'''=''''=«'°n=- At one tin,c
coveri sTn Calr rAu'f r '^'' °'" «"'" '"-
and exhibited a rthe' ^"'''^^"^' °' South Africa,
by those w'r rit 'z^^:t"^ »"r
ous sand, or rather a c,nn^ ^r ?f " " '^"nfor-
of device, to obtain possession of Euro.Z'.'T'
humane to ufnk T^ VJ ? •' ^"^ '^ '^ "^t ahvays
ml i
114 HEROES OP ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
the most prudent ; and he constantly endeavoured,
therefore, to inspire the natives with the belief that
he possessed the power to cut them off in an instant
from the face of the earth, but abstained from using
it through kindness and good-will.
On the arrival of the Phosnix (20th April 1608),
under Captain Wilson, the colonists enjoyed many
advantages. The merchandise from England was
disposed of in a liberal manner, and the greatest
harmony prevailed among the mariners and the
settlers. A cargo of cedar was shipped for England ;
and this, it has been said, was the only profitable
return sent home for many years from Virginia.
With the Phcvnix, Captain Martin, who had been
active in collecting the gold, returned home in
broken health, leaving the colonists to their own
devices.
Captain Smith now fitted up the pinnace, and
set out on a trading voyage, during which he ex-
plored the Bay of Chesapeake (June and July 1608).
Had he been accompanied by a man capable of
writing the history of that voyage, it would alone
have formed a charming volume : as it is, we find
nothing but a repetition of similar small adventures,
insignificant encounters with savages, transparent
stratagems, and hasty examination of unknown
islands. On one of these Captain Smith was
nearly slain by accident. Their provisions running
short, he observed in very shallow water an immense
number of fishes, which could be pierced with a
sword. He therefore set his crew the example,
and made in this way a great addition to their
stock of provisions. While plunging into a sort of
i>
«
a
c
I
ii
Ci
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. i,^
skate, a bony projection on the back rpn mf« i •
Wrist, and wounded h™ deepl^; Z\Z fl ved •
b .mmedrntely his arm began to swell, and the'
pan- became so intense, that it was believed by all
presen that death must speedily ensue Smid
.™self was of this opinion, and gave orders tha
hB grave should be dug on an isle' which obained
from th,s c.rcumstance the name of Stingray isL
It was not, however, decreed that his careH^u Id
hen come to a dose. There happened to be amon"
to'tiri' ';""'" °^ K--^" who, appi^i .r"!
to^the wound, assuaged the pain, and effected a
4tu:,f thfy-rt,:: fss'i:'-^::
greatest confusion. Ratcliffe, the presided appea J
o have been a mere vulgar epicurean, who amej
at nothmg but to insure his own personal enjovrent
wastmg the means and provisions of the cofS
and uselessly exhausting their energies by e e ,f^
for h„nself pleasure-houses in the woods a^dn.f
-.ng other fantastical undertakingr SnSi' Z's
a man sw.ft to resolve and bold to act 7n
onjuucfon with the other settlers, he deposed
Ratcl,fl-c. and having set up his fri;nd Severer
m h,s place, departed on a second voya.r To
complete h,s discovery of the Bay of ChesapcX'
reslmbled the "T,°" ",'";"°"" '^'"'«""°" --%
^ e natte ^^ "''. P'''^™"''>' <="<=o™tered
friendlv „n T' • 'T"™'" ''°''"=- sometimes
Z:^y-"°Z "'"'^''f ^ _^ ^'^»"ge display of
rVached h,,";^ ^"" "" '•'"'•"P^ans, now over-
reached by the.r stratagems, and now aiming at
' it
i
111-
i i
i
ll6 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
subduing them in their turn by savage treachery.
On, the whole, however, they conducted themselves
towards our countrymen much better than these
deserved. One gigantic tribe offered them every
kmd of advantage, if they would join them in
exterminating their enemies; but, for various reasons
Smith declined all their offers, although he con-
ducted himself towards them with much civility.
On this occasion one of their companions died, and
was buried on a sweep of the shore, upon which,
after him, they bestowed the name of Fetherstone
Bay. Xenophon, in the Ri'/rcat of the Ten Thousand,
speaking of two distinguished generals, his com-
panions, says they were 'blameless in war and
friendship.' The historian of Virginia pronounces
a like encomium upon Fetherstone. All the time,
he says, he had been in this country, he behaved
himself honestly, valiantly, and industriously. They
buried him with a volley of shot, as became a brave
man, and handed down his name to posterity.
Having, to the utmost of their power, surveyed
Chesapeake Iky, and entered, as far as practicable,
into friendly relations with the natives, they returned
to Jamestown in the month of September 1608.
Here they found the affairs of the colony in great
confusion. Ratcliffe, the former president, having
endeavoured to recover his authority, had been
apprehended and put in prison for mutiny. Scrivener,
and many others, whom Smith had left sick at his
departure, were now recovered ; but many, likewise,
were dead. The new governor had performed his
duties well ; and among other things, had carefully
gathered in the harvest, though a portion of their
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. , ,,
the whole sun,,„e ',"'"' ^ app-hension, nearly
been effected for ,1^ "°*'"= ~>''""«^^" "aving
of the Bav of ri " '^°°''' '"'■' ""= '''"""''"y
duet tho'prlui'r''"""' '"^ ""''" "° ■=-"■•' "-
president. ind'^f^Uhfkr """'' ''^''^''
British governn,cnt n , r f'^'P"""" '^'°'" '^'^
He ha/freq ;' S ' thi b"" '• ""' "°"°"^-
take the managcnK'nt of tl 1 , 'mportuned to
had hitherto dfcUnc 1 ' ^'^f/'P™' hi'", but
and apparently t^ ,;t "SJ^Lr^ ^'-^'>''
before he received it D,? r ^ promot.on
to restrain the b. Id' ^'k" diff'. '"! ''^'^ ;'^-'
he regarded as n , i '^-''^''^^'^ pahce, which
howeve was reinirecT " """^'- ^"= ^''"^d,
-ucted'; af-d oXr ti,;,,^;:,—"- -
for the recenh'on ^f n t>'^ ^^tre set on foot
uie reception of the .supph-cs they exnectM
o^uCSL^lt "sic -- '""^
have been i„,parted^ ^'Z,TZ. Telo^
f" fthiTr s 7 .r '^1^^" '" ' ^^"-
squad'ron. at : I sett „, '"f the w't T"""" ' • ""
The whole con.pany "'^ e.c , ed '' ---trained,
on the plain b/thrwottcrrhllr^eptrt
£ ^a"Srer.,;:r w:;;r^"- >'-"'"
in -.mnv«.,, ^ . , 'iva^cs would sometimes sfnnrl
in ama/qment, to behold the
I i
exercise of tliq tr
oops
'I-:
1 ' T
Il8 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
in gunnery, &c. These simple people were now
so thoroughly subdued to fear of the strangers,
that from their newly-gathered harvests they were
easily induced to supply them with abundance of
provisions. Nevertheless, even in their intercourse
w>h them, the English continued to make mistakes
—now treating the chiefs with all the honours due
to power, then slighting them, and irritating their
feelings by contempt and neglect. Smith was well
aware of the imprudence of the course thus adopted;
and had his authority been allowed to prevail, a
policy wiser by far would have influenced the
proceedings. But although he had been chosen
president, men divided in opinions from him were
elected to the council ; and when a new ' supply'
arrived from Europe, these new members actually
formed a majority.
While some of the colonists were preparing for
an expedition of discovery in search of gold and
other riches, Smith undertook a journey to Powhatan,
to persuade the prince to come to Jamestown to
receive the presents of the English. The others
feared to march, unless with a strong armed force,
but the president took only four companions.
With them he passed through the wild country
to the river Pawmanhec. This he crossed in an
Indian canoe, and reaching the opposite side,
entered upon a fertile and beautiful plain. Here
they made a fire, spread some mats around it, and
sat down ; but they had not reposed long before
there was lieard among the woods on all sides
a hideous concert of shouts and yells, long shrii!
cries and whoops, that seemed ^s though some
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. ng
savage king, with all his nation, was coming down
upon them. They seized their arms, and prepared
to fight; but presently Pocahontas came running
through the grass, and, with several companions
approached the little camp. She assured Captain
i^mith that no harm was intended, and that she
pledged her life for his safety. It was not Ion-
before he saw the unreasonableness of his fears'
Thirty young women, girdled with green leaves
and their bodies painted in variegated colours',
came out of the forests, dancing towards them.
Iheir leader had a pair of buck's horns on her head
an otter's skin hanging from her waist, and another
over her arm. On her back was a quiver full of
arrows, and in her hand a bow. Some of them had
clubs, which they flourished with surprising energy
until reaching the fire, they ranged themselves in
a circle round it, and sang and danced with the
wildest melody, and in the most fantastic measure
for upwards of an hour. Then suddenly the whole
troop filed off, and plunged into the woods.
Presently, however, some of them returned with
an invitation for Captain Smith to visit Powhatan.
He went forward, arrived at the town, and was
entertained in a glade by torchlight. The young
women of the village press : round him, crowding
and hanging over him, and continually crying,'
'Love you not me.? Love you not me.?' which the
Englishman understood to be their mode of welcome.
Their feast, however, was very delicate, and Smith
enjoyed it much; especially as the young ladies
were in attendance, some singing, some dancing,
others waiting on him. They then took their
120 HliROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE,
flambeaux, and conducted him to the soaciou.
Next morning, Powhatan came to the hut Smith
dehvered h,s message, and requested him to eon e
en/Tn", "■?■ """J"''"'' "'^ S-'Cts whieh had bZ
r.rder;[nL^s:etr^TL-::re
learned his own consequenee f-om Z? ? °
£:r.i'tSor:reXs^^cu^:
^.d the wh,te n,en met on the plain near Pow^ a"
be persuaded JT' ' " J""^' ''^'^'' ^'' ^^^^d not
ceremonv of 1. r ''"'' ^' "^''^^^'' ""^erstood the
ceremony of kneehnor nor the usp nf o ,
and tremble with fcT mY\u' T^^'^y '^^''
concluded and f J p , t ^^"^^^ ^'^^ ^^^«^^ ^^^s
concluded and the English flattered themselves
that they had come to amicable terms wkh Z
everv'no4,^r"'°"' ^'P'"'" S™'"' stimulated by
fve,y possible means. He was perpetually active
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. j^j
puni.sh„,c„.. .hat in'Se '"e.et: "st^l i"'^
profane expression heard in a week Whni^
policy to starve the invatos'-on s~" i, "C" A
small expedition was therefore sent ni ,r *^' •
country posir: Zr^,:^zz t
doubt have been enjoyed, had not the sLd
passions of the colonists neutralised every endeavl
were robbed ; axes, ^hl^'s! pShead ,Vow eV^
and muskets were stolen, to exchanc-e w1 k h '
r^no rf„f;rionrArtr "- ^^^
-urned to E.^ZTZ. ^^^'Z^^^
colon „ ,f 3 ,^^, ^^^ ,.^^,^ ^ g^^^ a V rg a„
:;tt;ar- 'T™'' ^-°"^'g"™cnts of large v 1 , ^
n. re made lo traders in London
There ngw remained about 200 persons in Virginia,
•? '
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122
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
m f.
kept miserable by the selfislincss of individuals, and
perpetually in dan<rcr of bein^r starved, either on
account of the poverty or the hostile feclin^r of the
savages. Several parties were , Mit up the rivers to
search for corn, and frinhten the tribes; and the
adventures they met with, and the privations they
endured, were of a singular kind. But little grain
wa^ collected, though the Indians, on condition of
being spared that season, promised to plant a ful?
harvest for the next year. It was in the month of
December 1607, that the Hrst marriage with Christian
rites took place in Virginia. Anne liurras was
married to John Laydon, and the link was riveted
between the races of the Old World and the soil
of the New.
^ Captain Smith was resolved that, as every negotia-
tion with Powhatan had failed, he shou'd be brought
to reason by the fear, if not the actual force of arms.
Some of the council, who were plotting the ruin of
his character in England, did their best to impede
the execution of this bold project, the success of
which would blow their insinuations to the winds ;
but the president was not to be deterred. Pow-
hatan, indeed, had sent a message, that if the English
would build him a house, give him a grindstone,
fifty swords, some guns, a cock . and hen, some
copper, and some beads, he would load their ship
with corn. His habifiual duplicity was well known ;
yet it was determined, without risking the effect of
his treachery, to give him the opportunity to redeem
this promise. Accordingly, Captain Smith, with
forty-six men in the pinnace, and two barges, set
out upon the adventure. U'hey took provisions for
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. ,„
three or four dajs, but found as they went alont^
plenty of good oyster.,, fis.,, fl,,!,, ami fowl °1
good bread, and fuel to n.ake fires which mninded
':"h,:r'it'"'',"^ °^ '"^ ^-•.•s't„,as ,,::■;; f^t
and sent h,„, a very friendly message. Then as
had been suspected, he told the . tint thtv 1^
"nn,vited ; that his subjects had uo e^m aL"nt
for for y ?:™d'"' f°? '-^^'-^'^ °f »'"■" '■" «"'- S
c deavoured to cut them off by surpr se, w cl, ,™
ht ;isr '' "■^' ^="""-"' »"'"• 't of ivio,;;::
From Powhatan, Smith proceeded to -,„ .1,
Indian town. Pamamekee, where the chief .7]
grea. friendship for his viL-.ors.'coneeiv 1 1^^
nouses bmith saw a great concourse of savaires
"thout, and their chief near the door alkfnl
'>">' to come forth and receive a present H^?
m.l,tary eye, however, detected an ambush and" e
desired h,s companions to guard every entraner
tT ™,r "";? ''" °PP°rt""i'y. he darted'^out! seked
he old cinef by the beard, levelled a pistol a'a^t
;nto the whole m=u,tii;:.^'T;VtruVr
-Sstih-.-h^--y£d^-
iiini HI a speech— half of
—which hiicl the desired
concihation
result
re.s.sed
half of threats
for a quantity of
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124 HEROES OF KOMANTIC AUVENTUKE.
provisions were broufiiic, and tiie assembly dispersed
in apparent amity.
It may, perliaps, be as well to introduce here a
sketch of the story of Pocahontas. She was twelve
or thirteen years of age when she first became known
to Smith, by her compassionate interference on his
behalf. After his release, he was conducted, as we
have said, to Jamestown, whose few occupants were
reduced to a miserable condition by want of food
It was only through the charity of the beautiful
young savage that relief was obtained. She caused
supplies to be sent ; she appeased the bitter strife
which arose among the settlers ; she warned them
of treachery when it was meditated by her country-
men. Alone and in the night she travelled through
the woods, to give Smith notice of an intended
attack ; and to her he ascribes the preservation of
the colony from famine, confusion, and utter ruin.
After he sailed for England, there was a struggle
between the white men and the Indians, which
was prolonged throughout two years. During that
period Pocahontas was never heard of. At the
end of it she was accidentally made prisoner, and
detained by Captain Argall in 1612, a circumstance
owing to which peace was afterwards concluded.
She lived contentedly among the English for two
years, gradually laying aside her barbarous habits,
and softening her manners into those of civilisa-
tion.
Among the settlers was John Rolfe, an English
gentleman, who felt a strong interest in the kind-
hearted young captive, who had been like a Pro-
vidence to the colony. He assiduously laboured
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. ,„
Indian idolatry 'dJ?^' Z";™"^"" ">= ^^d
not of a com„,„n kind bu . t ' "°I'"'""' "•'■'
affection. In April ,6, , '»." ""^ " P°>™f"l
^^ono.a.nnfeS';L'?Jl:/SS«^/-^--
appear at eourfwrn, l^- "S'i„r T", """^ '"
fhcrefore presented a n entrial 10,^ "' ' '''""'"'
'"S tliat a pension nn^ht bTh- ^ ■> ''"'""■ P'"^'
able to her rank- and S! » ■^'^^'"''"^d on Iier suit-
Sl.e appeared '0 feel^tl,at ''7'"' '° ""^ '^"S"'"'.
neglected at the nahl f 'l' ™' ungratefully
in those days to „ tro;r " " ™' "°' "'« ''ab,^
if- When Smith ^v h "">' °"= >^'>° deserved
to see her ^t tentfo J°T "' '"'^ '■*"^=' -™'
h™, but hid her fa "and f "'?^'-'">' ^^'='™"'«d
he began to fear he l. "°"""S ^ "pon which
she eo^uld s^eak EngiTst T"^ !? ''!! '"^ """"
began to ti and !noke of T ''' '°"'™"' =''«
settlers in Nevl England • v ''". f "''"^ 'o the
hatan,' she said, that th.' "™™'''= ''°'^-
his, and he the ike tn "''■" ^'°'"'= =''°"'d be
as being a strange "hi," i^d" .''tf "^''T '^"'"'
reason I must caM you so ' ^^\t °\ "'" '''""'
himself from so ^rI^^ u "^ P°'"'''y <^-''e"sed
a king's dLhte/' n"'?"™'"' '*"''"'' *"™^
not afraid ?ocome in^ ='^'"'<'^d: "Were you
cause fear in hhiaL In k" '^"''"'' """""y- and
,„^ J. ..._ " """and all Ins people ^excent in „.^
should
I tell
yon, then, that I will; and you shah
you father?
call me
'' .' [
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126 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
child ; and so I will be, for ever and ever, your
countrywoman.' Smith, after her arrival in England
on I2th June 161 6, addressed the following letter
to Queen Anne, wife of James I.:
To the most Jiigh and virtuous Fn'ucess, Queen Anne of
Gnat Britain.
Most Admired Queen— The love I bear my God,
my king, and country, hath so oft emboldened me in the
worst of extreme dangers, that now honesty doth constrain
me to presume thus far beyond myself, to present your
majesty this short discourse. If ingratitude be a deadly
poison to all honest virtues, I must be guilty of that
crime, if I should omit any means to be thankful. So
it IS, that some ten years ago, being in Virginia, and
taken prisoner by the power of Powhatan, their chief
king, I received from this great savage exceeding great
courtesy, especially from his son Nantequas, the most
manliest, comeliest, boldest spirit, I ever saw in a savage,
and his sister Pocahontas, the king's most dear and well-
beloved daughter, being but a child of twelve or thirteen
years of age, whose compassionate, pitiful heart, of des-
perate estate, gave me much cause to respect her; I being
the first Christian this proud king and his grim attendants
ever saw; and thus enthralled in their barbarous power,
I cannot say I felt the least occasion of want that was
in the power of those my mortal foes to prevent, not-
withstanding all their threats.
After some six weeks fatting amongst those savage
courtiers, at the minute of my execution, she hazarded
the beating out of her own brains to save mine; and
not only that, but so prevailed with her father, that I
was safely conducted to Jamestown, where I found about
eight and thirty miserable, poor, and sick creatures, to
keep possession of all those large territories of Virginia \
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH.
* *»• 127
such was the weakne« nf fi,-
<Jare to vst us- and U.r u "°' •'*P''^''C to
appeased, and o^r vants' still T ^^ '^"^ '^^'^'" «^^
policy of her father us to ello 'i '^^ ''^''' '^ ^'>«
of God thus to make her h^^ ^''' ""' '^'' ^••^''"''^"cc
ordinary affection o o n' 0"!^"'' '' '''' '''^'^
tWs I am sure • when W fT ' ,^"°^^ "°^- ^^"t of
policy and po^e "u Jt to "' ""' '" """°^^ «^ '"'^
eiglUeenwitlfn.e/tir:^^,rSr;'^^^^^^
from coming through the irksome L'-^^ } '^'■'^''" '^^r
eyes gave me intelligenc S h r h / '",'•"'''' ^^^^'^^^^^
his fury; which had he known Z ^ , '''"'" ^° ^'^^'^P^
Jamestown, with her wild "ran ' 1 Tf' ^'^'" ^^'''
as her father's habitation and 'd, , ^''''^ ^'equented
three years, she next unde G^rs'sS? T''^' '^^° °^
to preserve this colony from de.?i '"''''"'"'"*
confusion, which if in those Zesh^^' T' '"'' ""^'••
Virginia might have lain J ' ^'^'" ''''^■^'''^■^•'J.
this day. '" '"' '^ '''^' at our first arrival to
Since then, this business having been tum.rl , •
by many accidents from that I left^^ . ''"'' ''^''^^
f er a long and troubl on e ^ after" ""1 ''''''''
betwxt her father and our colony T.r'^ '^'^'''''''
was not heard of, about two ye°"s aft r ^"ll ""' '^''
taken prisoner; being so det.InT ''' ^^'■■'^"" ^^'"^-^
the colony by that m'eans t TehevS'" '" ^'"" '^"«^^'
and at last rejecting her L barou ' ndii"" "■"'■"^'''
- E:.^:f ^' ^^"^'^"^"' witl' wC ri!!!."^':^'
jinian
first- V- • • v-'J'i^iuan evei
first Virgmian ever spake English,
or had a child
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128 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
marriage by an Englishman, a matter surely, if my mean-
ing be truly considered and well understood, worthy a
pnnce's understanding.
Many persons of great opulence and rank partly
atoned to her by their kindness for the cold neglect
of the court, until at length the king and queen
were shamed into their duty, received her at the
palace, and affected to hold her in high esteem.
Lady Delawarre and her husband made her their
companion throughout a whole season of festivals,
masques, and entertainments ; and she was the most
remarkable person in London at that time. Her
appearance and behaviour were so engaging, that
all classes of people were anxious to receive her
at their houses ; and she was dragged through such
a series of excitements and dissipation, that it pro-
bably destroyed her constitution, and hastened her
death. Certain it is, that when, about February
1 617, she was preparing to accompany her husband
on a new expedition to Virginia in the George,
Captain S. Argall, her old captor, she fell a victim
at Gravesend to the climate, or the habits of the
country. She would appear to have been a thorough
convert to Christianity, to have felt its influence, and
to have understood its spirit far better than could
have been expected from her savage education.
Her little son, Thomas Rolfe, was educated by his
uncle, a London merchant, and afterwards went to Vir-
gmia, where he became a person of note and influence.
The poor princess shared with her father a belief
that the English were great liars. Imagining that
she had been deceived by their reports respecting
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 130
hs tn.e to number the people. This sage began
at Plymouth, walking about with a stick in hi^
hanc makmg a notch for every man he saw. 'Bu
quickly says Smith, 'was he weary of that task'
especally when he stood on LondoA Bridge, whe";
he saw more people in an hour than he ever be o e
seeinf'Tl r ''" • ^"""^^ '''' ^"^'^ -- those"
pn ce On the first point, Smith satisfied him as
veil as he could ; and with regard to the others
In view of those who have tried to dismiss the
Pocahontas episode to the realm of legend. Professor
Edward Arber writes: 'The truth of this story was
never doubted till 1866. when the eminent antiq'^.Iry
?jJr % "^"^'f Cambridge. Massachusetts, h
epnntmg Smith's first book, the True Relation of
1609 pointed out that it contains no reference to
this hairbreadth escape. Since then many Ameri-
can historians and scholars have concluded that
It never happened at all; and. in order to be
consistent they have tried to prove that Smith was
a blustering braggadocio, which is the very last
thing that could in truth be said of him The
rescue of a captive doomed to death by a woman
IS not such an unheard-of thing in Indian stories.
If the truth of this deliverance be denied, how then
did Smith come back to Jamestown loaded with
jeorge Cassen m particular, \i\ a most horrible
manner.? And how is it, supposing Smiths account
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130 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
to be false, that Pocahontas afterwards frequently
came to Jamestown, and was next to Smith himself
the salvation of the colony? The fact is, nobody
doubted the story in Smith's lifetime, and he had
enemies enough.
Meanwhile, at Jamestown, a disaster happened—
the deputy-president, and ten others, were drowned
off the coast. A messenger was sent to find Captain
Smith ; and after many dangers encountered while
travelling alone through a wild country swarming
with savages, he succeeded in overtaking him.
Smith, hearing the unhappy news, resolved to con-
ceal it from the company, and hastened his return
down the river. But Powhatan having threatened
to kill all his fighting-men, if they failed by some
means or other to compass the death of the whites,
this journey was one of no ordinary danger. Every
stratagem was used to obstruct their progress, and
lure them into an unguarded position. At sunrise,
the fields along both banks 'appeared covered with
baskets and men,' to tempt them on shore. The
king himself once came down to the stream with
a train of people bearing baskets full of grain ; but
whenever the English approached, the savages were
observed, though with hesitation and timidity, to
fit their arrows in the string. All this ended in
bravado, and the adventurers reached Jamestown
without receiving a single injury or shedding one
drop of blood. From this time, however, continual
hostilities, harmless but irritating, took place with
the Indians. Among the adventures of Smith, one
v/as so curious, and is told by the historian with
such comical quaintness, that we must quote the
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. j,,
original account. The reader will perceive what a
ludicrous stylo of spelling is used.
' By the way, l,c incountrcd the king of Paspahecrh
a most strong stout salvage, whose perswasion' not
being able to persuade him to his ambush, s eing
h.m only armed but with a faucheon. attempted
hoothlbv ""',''"' "'^ P'^='^^"' P-vented' ht
shooing by grapphn^, „ith him, and the salvage
o well prevented him for drawing his faucheo!,
and perforce bore him into the river fo have drowned
h m. Long they struggled in the water, till the
president got such a hold of his throat he had
neare strangled the king; but having d kwne ht
faucheon to cut off Ins head, seeing how piuTuIlv
iH-'n r v'' '"'" '" "''"y"^^' 0" ""^ °'her hand,
an tnghshman, named Parker, fell into the hand
ftr from tl" '""'" T""'""""' '''''"■ however, so
far fron, taknig away his life, appears to have used
h.m sufficiently well, although he effectually pre
vented h,s escape. Three years after, when Sm^iA
was encamping on the hunting-grounds of this chief
Parker came to the tents, but in complexion and
generaUppearance .o completely like a Red Indian,
that he could only be recognised by his languaW
He desired to be ransomed, but the king refused to
accede, observmg : • you have one of m? daughters
and I an, content ; yet you cannot see one ol 3^0";
men w,H, me but you must have him away.' He
went to his dwelling in a passion, but at mWni^ht
came and waked Smith, saying that ParLeTSd
sent h r , °'l """"'''"■ °f ^"""^ P«^^"'= b«ns
sent him, which was accordingly done.
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132 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE,
The progress of the settlement itself now became
more cheering. Quantities of tar, pitch, and soap-
ashes vyere collected ; a successful experiment was
made in the manufacture of glass; twenty new
houses were built, with a more convenient church ;
and nets for fishing were manufactured. To defend
themselves, the colonists also erected two or three
wooden forts or blockhouses; and to provide for
the next year, planted nearly forty acres with vege-
tables and grain. Their three swine, within eighteen
months, multiplied to more than sixty ; while num-
bers of common fowl were bred without cost or
trouble. All this, however, was only provision for
a more fortunate season to come, and the actual
state of the settlers was greatly depressed. Half
their corn had rotted, or been eaten by the rats ;
and although the savages brought large supplies of
turkey.s, squirrels, and other food, they were glad
to pick up acorns in the forest. However, when
neces.sity had forced them to greater exertions, their
fisheries yielded an abundance of food. They caught
more sturgeons than they or their dogs could con-
sume ; and this, with roots and herbs, and a little
bread, enabled them to live, without adding to their
misfortunes and dangers the last sufferings of priva-
tion. Sometimes a small party went up the country
to search for corn. Everywhere, in the unmeasured
solitude, they saw plains and valleys, where man
might thrive and multiply; where the rivers were
full, the .soil rich, the materials of trade abundant ;
where fields could be ploughed and cities built;
where .ships could ride at anchor, and a great state
be erected, stored with all the treasures, graced by
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 133
all the arts, and defended by all the strength of
c.v,lKsat,on For three months they lived in this
manner on fish and wild herbs, roots and fruits.
in 1509, a new supply came out from England,
consistrng, when it sailed, of nine ships, with 5oc^
people ; but these, by storms and other accidents
were much reduced before they reached Virginia
Sm,th, when they came, was engaged in defending
the settlement from attacks made on it from all
sides by the savages. The term of his presidency
had expired ; but so brave, so virtuous, so patriotic
as he considered, that no man dared to succeed
tnr.'^ 'V' ""^"'"^°"«ly called a second time
to fill that honourable position. Whether enga-ed
in quieting the turbulence and soothing the diss'en-
sions of h,s ovyn people, or driving back the Indians,
he exhibited invariably the same disinterestedness
prudence, and valour. In spite of all this, his
administration was not acceptable to the London
Company, which only desired a sudden accumula-
tion of -vealth. the discovery of mines and metals,
and the opening of a passage to the South Seas
In May 1609. therefore, they obtained a second
charter, which entirely deranged the rights of the
old colonists who had emigrated under the privilcfres
of the former one. This was granted to twenty-
one peers, ninety eight knights, and a multitude
of esqui'-es, doctors, aad others, who named Lord
Uelawarre as governor, with authority to supersede
the existing administration. When, therefore a
new disembarkation took place, new offir^rc were
appointed, or rather usurped authority; the old
flatterers of Captain Smith deserted hrm to fawn.
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134 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
on them and he was compelled to allow them their
way They called on him to resign his commission ;
but this he refused to do. although preparing to
leave the colony at once, and proceed to England
An accident he met with, from an explosion of
gunpowder, which there was no medical skill at
hand to cure, was the principal reason of his wish
to depart.
^ The little settlement had been raised by Smith
into a condition of comparative prosperity. There
were three ships, seven boats, commodities ready
for trade, the harvest nearly gathered in. ten weeks'
provisions in the stores, and nearly 500 persons able
and bound by their duty to labour together for the
general good There were twenty pieces of artillery
-rude indeed, but formidable to the savages-^00
muskets and firelocks, plenty of powder, mttch and
shot, pikes, swords, and other arms, with all the
miscellaneous instruments of war. The languages
the habits, the manners, and the haunts of the
native tribes. w^:-;e well known, and more than a
hundred trained men were ready to repel their
assaults. There had been collected nets fo"^ fishii"
tools for all sorts of work, clothes for summer and
winter. Six mares and a horse, nearly 600 swine
as many hens and chickens, some goats and some
sheep, formed the live-stock of the colony. The
town Itself consisted of from fifty to sixty houses
and was strongly fortified with palisaded lines'
Besides these, five or six forts had been erected as
outposts on commanding sites in the vicinity. All
this was the work of a very mixed collection of
nidividuals; for the first settlers in Virginia were
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH.
135
not of that hardy character which the founders of
a colony should be. There was only one carpenter,
with two blacksmiths and two sailors ; the rest were
poor gentlemen, tradesmen, footmen, and adven-
turers, by no means of the proper description to
form the fathers of a new commonwealth. A few
Dutchmen and a few Poles were among the number;
but these, though accustomed to activity, neither
contributed by their peaceful conduct nor by the
purity of their njorals to the welfare of the young
community.
Confusion in the colony followed the departure
of Captain Sinith. Large parties were cut off by
the savages ; a division of authority produced entire
disorganisation ; improvidence wasted the stores
which had been accumulated ; and the settlers fell
into the last stage of abasement and misery. Within
six months after the loss of their virtuous president,
the number at Jamestown was not more than sixty!
including women and children. They had to feed
on roots, herbs, acorns, walnuts, and berries, with
now and then a scanty supply of fish. They ate
their starch, and at last even the skins of their
horses.
' If then,' writes Edward Arber, 'this James River
colony had failed before August 1609, when the
third supply arrived, the colony at Bermuda would
never have been attempted, and the Pilgrim Fathers
would not have gone to New England; but, if
anywhere, to Guiana, to perish among its forests
and swamps. So that, for about a couple of years,
all the glorious possibilities that are still wrapped
up in the words, UmUd States of Ainmca, hung,
ii; 'i
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■36 HEROES OF UOMANTIC A„VENT«E
public spirit of thi. .n'n ■ "'^''^^^''"^•^•'^ and
captain. ^He ,^^ ^^^ 0.^^^::;^ ^ H^^ ^"^'^^'^
not to flincl, from duty or s c L ^ ''''"'^''''
know the great results f I, .^ ' ' ^"^ ^^'^ "^^^^r
c^ou^ the L,oS;:;t'Sr^ through our
thaTt^eXrn::^'not '"^^ ''''' ^' ^-^'t"^-"'
-rvived. In 'L;rtre.n tv" V""'' ^^"'^'^^ ^--
Ijappiness have be ^ ^'th^v'^f "^ '^"'^
^cscried, and Sir Thon^ G e ^nd ^ (? "^'^
Somcrs. with 150 men in-fvr. ! , " ^'''"'S^
the colony. In thi vl ^"^ ^^^^ '"^cour of
was wrecL t th SS^ thT ''^ ^^^''^^'^''^
ni-shed Shakespeare, it I's s"id ^^^ '"^"'^"^ ^"'-
his play n' t/;uL' tJ;''''' suggestions for
which would have dcno^V.! <\t "^'"^ commission
vessel At fiJ ^^P^^^d Smith was lost in this
vessel. At the expu'ation of his v, r i,^ .
and Captain Marti.i was elected If . /^".f^'Sned.
- o,,^ ..e ,„„, ,r t:;:;; t^i't*=
and represented on the s^^e T. ^'"''^"^^^'^cd,
-uch, although the i;;£ j'^;:,;'r>^^^^ ^'-
was no doubt grateful to his e.r Th '°""'''>"^^"
refused to acknowledge t.k' Jtr^'T'''
came to an end anH fl,« t . '^^^ authority
ill-treated W L ^ t c , tc "^r™" ■•°^^='' -^
his flesh from Is bodv and Tf" '"«• "'"■^■' '<"•«
square, in a most ^^"^t^^'^'CT '™ T'"'
i uuiiier , but lo quench the
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. ,3^
nnirdcrcd In HI, ! ' '' '"" ""»''" '>»« been
On 4th o:tob:":^™r,efrvr- '• '° '^"'■"^'"''■
wrote: 'What S| T , 1°""" "' J^">«'°'V"
tlnf in IT u ^^y- 1"" "lus we lost him
that m all h.s proceedings, made iustice l,i, Tl
SMi^'^'^r"" ''" '''""'■■ -"tti "ba :
its°oSi...f uhT:""tTr '"°"' '"' """-'f '■>-
c oui lives, and whose loss our deaths'
to the coa To'f Ne'^'p Vr™'^ sailing venture
bv manv r.r u- r 7' ^^^ ^'^ '^'^^ employed
ture tr l7 T i'^""' '° ""d^'^-taJ^e another adven-
ture to New England, there to try the experiment
scanty company. Compelled to return, h. a™ n
aU e';irat:ri;r- ."" ^"^°""'- "■'">
a "le pirates and French privateers, with a
ii
ll J
M r
t ! r-J
fT"
V'>-
138 IIIiROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE,
mutinous crew, and when at length l,e was captured
by a French vessel, were extraordinary, as indeed
the whole tenor of liis life had been. His captors
were in strong force, and cruised from sea to sea
in search of prizes, keeping him a close prisoner in
he cabm of one of their small ships. First they
ook an Lnglish vessel from Newfoundland, then a
boat s load of marmalade and sugar from a Scotch-
man trading to Bristol, then a Brazilian caravel
with a valuable cargo and 30,000 pieces of silver-
a Dutch merchantman and a West India man-of'
war were their next prizes, so that their booty must
have been very considerable. However. Smith was
not a man to remain in confinement with docility
He continually meditated escape; and one night'
when near the French coast, crept into a boat.'
paddled away by the aid of a half-pike, and after
tossing and driving in the midst of a heavy rain
for twelve hours, was fortunate enough to reach
Kochelle. 1 hence he returned to En-land
XVn\ ^l'V-\ ''''^f ^^ ^° ^''" countries'of the Western
klouL \''''^ ^'"'^'y *° ^"^ geographical
knowledge o America. He wandered through the
regions to the north of Virginia, explored their
rivers, conversed with their wild t ibes, collected
specimens of their natural wealth, opened a profit-
able traffic with the Indians, noted down all his
observations, and employed a part of his crew to
make a map of his surveys. Next he sailed to
Massachusetts Bay, searched it from horn to horn
ravelled through the broad provinces which spread
their waste fertility around, and gathered every-
where knowlpHcre ^f the n-'^' ,u^ , , ^
1>^ '•• tne \\c.;;l;i, the salubrity, and
CArTAIN JOHN S^tITO. ,jo
a^ hough from between two oceans to the commerce
and population of the ancient world. He eave h'
fi5» Sood general idea of the contour of fl" NW
gaft •,T.l";'^r "■■■^ -'"-' '■-■« chfr'::
v<.h,i.p'u;:re''Tt;i:r ^diL" a:^
nca at Jcngth to enjoy a short repose Thrm
^re, when he had explored the shores L^the Ihv of
Massacl)usett.s, I,e resolved to extend hi. ll ^
h:^e::;^torr^^?^"^^^'-^''^^^
peace of . ^^^J^-^'^-' ^"-th the honours and the
amon..his .servants. 1 ^^^I'L^on'' toT^ Tut
fuseJ^R r V''"' '° ''"^"' Virginia was Z
relused. But his many labours had worn o,,t
h.s constitution; perhap,,, ,00, the ingr "tude o
Vtel,: "hi '" ""'' ■"™' P^^>'^^ "P™ "■-•i"d
c""rd;';;;r:r;,:rV'5u::r,r-t
rpu^i^cf.:;rjs -^"^ "- ^■■- '" -
He summarised his exploits in 163, as follows-
Having been a slave to the Turks ; prisoner anZ'
•■■•- "'W5L uarbarous savaws • aft^r n,„ ^ :- "^
commonly discovering anlrai'igilrth^e itglX^
r»'
1
ii .
140 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
and unknown nations with such a handful of ignorant
companions that the wiser sort often gave me up
for lost ; always in mutinies, wants, and miseries ;
blown up with gunpowder; a long time prisoner
among the French pirates, from whom escaping in
a little boat by myself, and adrift all such a stormy
wmter night, when their ships were split, more than
;6 100,000 lost which they had taken at sea. and
most of them drowned upon the Isle of Rhe— not
far from whence I was driven on shore in my little
boat. And many a score of the worst winter months
have I lived in the fields ; yet to have lived near
thirty-seven years [i 593-1630] in the midst of wars,
pestilence, and famine, by which many a hundred
thousand have died about me, and scarce five living
of them that went first with me to Virginia, and
yet to see the fruits of my labours thus well be^rjn
to prosper (though I have but my labour for my
pains), have I not much reason, both privately and
publicly, to acknowledge it, and give God thanks.'
Even in his own time, however, the public was
forward to recognise his merits. Among the literary
and scientific men of his age he enjoyed the friend-
ship of many; and a whole host of poets, good,
bad, and indifi-erent, eagerly undertook to celebrate
his name. Eut from a historical point of view he
has not been fortunate, for although his merits and
discoveries are acknowledged, they have not unfil
recently been properly described, or even enume-
rated, so as to be rendered familiar to the world.
Smith's most eloquent editor, champion, and apolo-
gist in England has been Professor Edward Arbcr
who in 1884 published a carefully edited edition
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH.
141
of his works in one volume. We have ourselves
attempted nothing but a slight sketch ; yet even
from what we have said, the reader will, we trust
have formed no mean idea of the courage, fortitude'
and enterprising spirit of Captain John Smith, who,'
considenng the extent of his labours, the benefits
he conferred on the colonists, and the rough but
effectual diplomacy I , .hich he sought to impress
the natives with a ^ opinion of the linglish
settlers, will be acknowledged to deserve the name
we have bestowed, as being the true Founder of the
Colony of Virginia.
His works include: A True Relation (iCo8)' A
Map of Virginia (1612); A Description of Neiv
England (1616): Neiv EnglancVs Trials (1620) •
The Generall Historie of Virginia, Netu England,
and the Summer Isles ( 1624) ; True Travels ( 1630) '
Advertisements for the Inexpevienccd Planters of New
England (1631). There is a reprint of his works
in one volume in Edward Arber's 'English Scholar's
Library' {1884), and many of the separate works
have been reprinted in the United States.* There
"We have already alluded to the scepticism expressed by some as
to the story of Pocahontas. Writing to the editor of this voiunie on
24th Apnl ,889, Professor Edward Arber says : 'The story olpocn'
hontas IS absohitcly tru ,. Nobody doubted it till 1866, when Charles
Deane started the present scepticism on the point.
• Henry Stevens believed Smith implicitly, and he is the greatest
authonty of our age. Before I edited Smith's works I kncvt of all
this doubt ; and I went coolly and warily into the matter, determined
to find out the truth. Bit by bit the evidence accumulated, until the
honesty of statement and high character of the Lincolnshi e captain
came out refulgently, wipiaiii
'Of Pocahontas's existence and services to the English colony no
man doubts. The question is, did she render this peculiar «crvkc to
4
I '
142 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
are many different accounts of his life; by Mrs
Robinson (1845), W. G. Simms (1846), Deane
(i8S9)> G. C. Hill (1858). G. S. Hilliard (1851),
Charles Dudley Warner (1881), C. K. True (1882).
Smith ? No one was present there but himself. Did he invent it
afterwards ? Was he a liar generally ? Certainly not. In my reprint
many greater hairbreadth escapes than that are recorded in his life-
and m later Indian stories captive men have often been saved from'
death by Indian squaws. Such an incident is almost common-
place.
'So after a most rigorous test, I was happy to believe that the
Pocahontas story is not a myth like the William Tell one but -i
solid historical fact.'
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD.
H E chiv-
alry of the
middle
ages may
be said to
represent
the spirit of self-
devotion to high
and commanding
interests ; and inas-
niucii as every ex-
emplification of this
spirit is an encour-
agement to noble
enterprise, it is pre-
sumable that some
delineation of the
one of its last and ^^3 l^jf ^"^ '°"^"^t ^^
acceptable to many of 'ouT ^ r W^^
present a brief account of th^ ' ^ ! ^^^'^^""'^
achievements of the Good T^ /^^^^"^^^es and
cne Uood Knight Bayard~thc
Hit
144 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
famous chevalier 'without fear and without reproach;'
who s history, though it reads hke that of some
fabuious or mythic personage, is, nevertheless,
in all substantial points a thing of actual and
authentic fact. The study of human nobleness,
under any manifestation, can hardly fail to be
attractive; and if we can faithfully portray the
lineaments of a hero of the fifteenth century, some
serviceable reflections may possibly be suggested to
an intelligent inquirer of the nineteenth. At any-
rate, we can promise the reader a pleasant and
entenaining narrative; a story of so much adventure,
courage, hardihood, and generosity, that it can
hardly fail to excite a measure of sympathy and
admiration, both for the extraordinary feats of
bravery to be related, and also for the lofty qualities
of character which they severally serve to illustrate.
Pierre du Terrail, commonly called the Chevalier
de Bayard, was born in or about the year 1476,
at the Chateau Bayard, a (c\v leagues from GrenolDle
(where a statue was erected to his memory in 1823),
in the provmce of Dauphine'. The castle is a short
distance from Pontcharra. Entering a dilapidated
gateway, there may be seen two ruined structures.
One of them, once a chapel, is now a stable. The
principal tower had three stories, of which the first
only remains. The reputed chamber of Bayard is
still shown : when the Archbishop of Embrun came
into possession of the estate, he gave orders that
it should be kept untouched as a memorial of him.
The chateau has been restored at the expense of the
parish.
Pierre's ancestors, for many generations, appear to
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD.
. , - ^' 145
tt;.r.f::t '".:::! tt " "'%'^^*-^ -*-«
of the EngH.,h^:;X ' :->;,';:;^-^,^-ing "^ --
progenitors died o„ tile field of hlf 'n™ed,ate
fell at Poiticr, •,„ 1 ,„ .. """"^^ ' <>"= of them
father was Sd " m °Hr - '' "^''"^ ' ■"'' e'^'^l.
so severely wounded iT"' '' ^f ^'' ''"''^^ "^^
be thereaLrTncame L i r'^ ""^ ^°"'= ^I- « ^
retired to the SwTZ u"^"' "■"'"<'■ «=
and there, aftef r fo "Zl" IfrS;:' o'f h'^t^ "'''
thatr^dt; wi'l^'' -^ «;'- "e believed
nigh, he called t/ulfL^'ZT^ '™' *^'^'"S
presenceofhi<-wifel,t^^-^r ["■■'"■ ''"'^ '" '^e
professions o Z^; Tit wT T^'"'''"^ '"^
wishedtofoUovv Tl, , "^"''' ""^y ^^^ra'ly
he would Iftel ll ' M' T ""^'"S ''^ked what
never to leave tl,ef;^-i'l'' "'"' " ™= '''' '"*
wait upon hlUt to ' t™"' '"' *^ ='^>' '"^
To this the good fnther = "=™'"1"°" °' his days,
since thou lov°s° tlic oh h '"'"■'^.' '*'^"' '^^"''e'^.
here to fight the bo^ 'Tr' \°" '•''"" ^^■"=""
second, who wa our 7 '"• '"'"'"S '° 'he
yet having rooted
o" you to the end of
in
your hfe,
my heart the fine traits which
I
lii
J
t46
HEROES OP ROMANTIC AOVEHTURE.
you claily recite of the noble men of days past
par,aWarIy of tl.ose of our o-,v„ house, I^rilfb !
If t p.cascs you, of the same profession as yourself
"V, • ^ ^race, not to dishonour you'
Ihis speech the youth, though little more than
b ami;;'/"" f '''■ ''"''''" "■•'" ^ -kef i td
beaming countenance; and thereto the good old
man rephed with tears : ■ My child, may God s gra e
be with thee; already thou dost resemble in face
and figure thy grandfather, who was in his time
one of t„e most accomplished knights in Christe !
Iho two other sons expressed a desire to devote
w " n,'': "" ?"Tr "' "■= p"-'"~'i ! ™^
inVh r,- ! ' '" ''""■"'''^' ""=y both attained to
high d,.,t „ct,ons-the one becomincr 'Abbot of
Josaphat ,n the suburbs of Chartres,' ^nd the other
h, rrce.'""^^ °^'"'=' '"' ^""-"-""^ ^ w"'op.
old^'l^orJ.f'n "" rr'"''"" «■'■"' '"^ =™=. the
Old l.or<l <le liayard despatched a letter to hi,
to° rj't 'Ti,''"h-f''"'' "' ^^™°"^' "-'""^ -
conZ, . '*"""""• *= ''= had something of
sc 7o I .';, ? '"^ '° '''"'■ The bishop imnicdiaily
•seated ;, Is °" '','\-"™' ^und his kinsman
a e wont" Aft "■'"";""■. ^ ""= ^'"^ "= °W "o"
aie wont, After a cheerful evening spent together
DauSr;]; "'";• ^r^^^' °"'" g™tlem"ef "Jf
they Z'^'^u '■''':'■'' '° '■'=='' "■" '"°™i"g, when
c bilt,, ? ''.'-";'' "^^■'' "l^'^'' "-» ehanted by
bishop, .for, observes the chronicler, 'he daily
THE GOOD KNir.MT ISAVARD. ,^7
o God th. t the prelates of the present day were
.1 as good servants of God, and as charitable to
tlie,r hands, and partook of a hearty breakfast
at wh,ch our incipient good knight waited on then,'
so gracefully and discreetly as to gain the genera
Lord de Bayard be;,.an to explain why he hid
H It ;?: 7 r" ""-■ r °^ '■'••' "-"d'togeth '
He stated that, his son Pierre being desirous of
becoming a soldier, he had sent for them to advise
h.m as to whither he should send the lad or
his prelnmnary training. One recon,mended W,
bemg sent to the king of France ; another to tl e
family of Bourbon ; and in like manner every oie
Ji.d me..t and prepossessions. But at length the
iJuKe Uiailes of Savoy; and this advice bein..-
presently approved by all the compan, it w^
decided by the father that Pierre should V^o Jt,
to the duke the next day. '"oaucea
Jieing sufficiently equipped at the expense of the
good bishop, young Bayard rode forth with Wm
on the morrow, having first galloped his cl a "e
.ound he courtyard to the admiration of all p ese^nt
Writo'rrte\'°°' '^"" f ''' ^^"-- -^ »" "
" -r, e "' ''1 ~""=^'' '"' blessing of his
WSf' 1 ^"'"' '"""y ™'' '" => tower of the castle
shedding tears of tenderness, for glad as she ^3
m
• a! El.
■48 IIFROK OF Ro>,ANTIC ADVENTURE
came to tell her th-,f ^ "°"=^"' "'>™ they
the gentle lady v '„ raMhrh TT" "^P"''
and having sent for Til l^ '"'^' "' ""= '°"er,
words: 'Pierrrniv fr '"h *''"'" '"''" '" "'ese
a noble prince T d " ' ^°" "' ^oirg to serve
things, which "you do r ^°^'° "''''"' three
The first is. tharbeSe ^iHh ^°" *'" P'°'P"'
and serve God neve/ ff .! "^' y°" '°^e, fear,
for it is He who did '='J'™ '' P°^^*le
who will save Z an! 1 >.'' '" 7^°"' "'" ''■^^' '"•<'
we can do no ^od .Wn^ !'"' ""'' '"^ ^raee
morning and evTrv . -^ "'" "■°'''''- Every
hhn, a,rd He ^W rai^ y^ tZ""'" 'T^'' '°
you be centle n„d .„ . "<"^°"'' 's. that
all pride E chew ev?'","' '° ""' P"'th>ff away
sober and trmperlte pfe? '"^ ?' '^'■""°-'- ^e
vice. Be neithe a Jtl """^' '°' ''' '= "» "^ious
-ch people L'idU cr;i"°:„r i^fr^--' ^'
loyal in word and deed K^. "''"' ^""^
Succour poor widows and or^ al 'Z G^od™^-?!
recompense it fo -.rr^,. tu ^, ?"^' ^"^ God will
of the goods h,^h God slln°-""' "f^ ■■^' "'^'
to the poor and „ee!r V ^'™ y°"' ''^ charitable
makes no n,an poor f /T ,'° ^'' ^°' ^'^ ^ake
child, that z 2- ;:' 't: :sr •■™" -• my
body and soul. This fs liThav 10";''^" ■"
I am persuaded that your f,fl,„ , ,'"^F ^°" '
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. ,49
at that time staviivr tu. I ? ^''^°>' '^''^
bcng Sunday, the bishop rose eady a^\™ ^
o pay h,s reports to the duke, who ^ are
toe. tit Yo L .™\"' '■'■' <^™"'"S' Tl'<=y «e„t
took ll 1 , "'■"''• =""' '''''^■- maiis tlie duke
took the b,shop to dine with him, on whieh occason
his young nephew served him -,« h;! °""''""
nn. 1 i u.^°""^ ""^^ proceeded to his lod-inr^
and had his charo-pr c-,.1.11 j ^""S'^ff.
he hnH fni ^ saddled, upon wliich, when
j:dX[^txr;;a?;v;L^
;:-My-rfS-b^--,:-^'^
My iord rephed the bishop, ■ he is my nephew-
of agood race which has sent forth gentle kSh
H,s father, whose health is so n.uch u„derm?ne3 bv
wounds received in battle that he earn "come
duk. r , \ ■ '."^ '" 8"°'' '■'"■'h'' ■•epHed the
duke, I accept ,t gladly, Tis a good and fair
■il!
ISO IILROES OF UOMANTtC ADVENTURE.
present God make him a true man,' So i,c com
..ewo.u\eo^JI;f^-!■7,:;r;etr'•°"''''^^
and m truth, • there was neithi page nL iord ' !„'
could m anythh,g con,,.are with i inf • for l,c , , ^
When l,e had been about half a year in the
.rji^lh \^f ;;t'r T ■•- r™'-^
'i-s kings and ,rinc ' ad l;". 'ta """J
intercourse, and often uv„f , l"*^""'"" ™ys of
with less ceren,on;u: , „w t'helsl S' "'""
.fe, holdu,g jousts and tournaments 3aily ^am
'" ""= evenmg dancing with the fiir ..,/ •
ladies of the neighbourhoo 1 ' And a iovi.f'nr''
c-aH^abr: ,"h,ena;"rcrnr::.rr'i "-i
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. 151
him off, as it did before tlie age of eight-and-
twenty; for had lie lived long, he would have
achieved great things.' On this occasion, when he
heard that the Duke of Savoy was coming to see
hull, he sent the Lord de Ligny and other gentle-
men, and some archers of his guard, to meet him ;
and as they rode back altogether into L>-ons, iiis
lordship was pleased to notice young Jiayard and his
charger, and being 'charmed with them.' he recom-
mended the duke to make a present of both to the
king, which the duke resolved to do accordingly.
The king received his visitor very graciously ; and
during dinner the next day, they had 'much dis-
course of dogs, hawks, arms, and amours;' and
amongst other things, the Lord dc Ligny mentioned
to the king the page and his gallant charger, which
the duke desired to present to him ; whereat his
majesty, swearing lightly, as n as his wont, returned •
'By^the faith of my body, I should like to see
him.' Young Bayard was therefore sent for, and
commanded to appear on horseback in the meadow
of Ainay, whither, shortly, the king and a large
company proceeded to witness the appearance which
he made. As soon as the king beheld the youth
upon his charger, he cried out : ' Friend page, give
your horse the spur,' which he did forthwith ; Ind
you would have thought, to see him start, that he
had been at the practice all his life. 'At the end
of the course, he made his horse give two or three
bounds, and then returned full gallop towards the
king, and stopped short before him, making his
-lorse passage, so that not only tnc king but all
the conipany were delighted.' Then the ^king said
MM
'Sa ItKROES OF ROMANTIC AI-VIiNTUUE.
to the duke- 'Tn.i,,
".ana,e a horse bf^.T'l,!' V'"'""^-^'''''' '"
gi™ ".c your page and'hL h ","' "="' "" J™
you.' So botl.'^p^:/' t ", „''°'-^'^' i'"' bej; them of
thcLorddcIfc,v°,vi, ?"-" "■"•'= committed to
S"y, who huinb V tlnnl/vl I,;,
for he conceive,] tliat he coL , "'^•''•'*>''
of the youth as would .lo, '"'"''^ '""'> '-^ "^''^n
t'on/says mine ^t 1 ? ."'^^^^^ 'a" expecta-
divers places ' "^''^^^^' ^^'^"^^^^ ^vas well fulfilled in
J^e had reached [he .^e of ' '^^"^'' "^^ ^^'^>^"
charged from pagd cod' and .;'?''"'''". ''' ''"' ^'-
to bear arms'a^ Te 'of hi^^Lrr'"'' ^"'-^^'"'^^
being, however, still retained ..^^,' con^pany,
household. ^"^ ^' ^ gentleman of the
About this time there came m t
of Burgundy, „amed AlasterCHt^de'dlT";'""^"
man skilled in tlie scienrrnf Vaudray, a
ally devoted to 7^. He ptld'trV""' '""'''''°"-
-aking a progress tl ou" ffcin'r' "''°' ="''"
again at Lyons tint to i,„° , '^'"g^'o"'' «'as now
fro. id,en^ss;l,e': o'uld "^rm t hif; t"'^ '"T"''"
passage-of-arms. as well ™ lo, u , P™''"™ ^
with lance and battlelve w ,/i ^^"''^ "' "" f°°f.
Wni ; for indeed tiewl ■'■'■'''"''' '"''' 6"""=^
useless tin,e on h ha f- T"^/ ^""^ "''' °'
than such Joyous ;Ltte " feter 0"'^"^ ''^'"^
'"g y, arranged matters to the t t JTh '' l-^"-
and, as the custom ^^■.. i °' "'^ abi ty.
all gentleme, X d 's;:d^:P r",'""'"^' "'"■<*
came to touch, and had the! ^'"^ "'"'' ^'^'H
tl.e king-at-arms, .I'pl dt[ '""'" '■""*^'' "^^
THE GOOD KNIGHT UAVARD. ,53
to?ra':'~'' n!r' ';"' '''''' '''' ^^^- '- --^d
10 DC a pap— Bayard was passing by the shield.
^vhen the thought struck him : ' If I IZ W to
equ.p myself, I would gladly touch the "hi d" to
Ct 't'tl •;;.'" '" ''■' ^^ ^^"^^' ^"^ ^--topped
't tl i. H-n '""'■' '"'""^'>' °" '^'^ "^'-^tter. Just
a h.. tune a companion of his, one Jiellabre who
had also been educated K.. De I i^rnv r.nT ,
asked him wlu. he W.S thin^•,g'o^^^^^^
friend,' replied the o'hr.- 'if -oc 1 ^'^ '"^ ^-^'t"'
to dismiss\ne from m ";4c." ^^b^H^T '"'
to appoint me in all thin " / ^ ^" ^^''°"''
nir,n 1 f '"^ "\all thm . ...i.pertaining to a gentle-
man but a desire has seized me to ? .urh MalL
Claudes shields, and I know not, when I sh.H have
ftorscs. Bellabre, who was older than he -.nd
reckone rather a fast gentleman, replied ' 'My
excellent companion, are these your thoughts ?
And at this suggestion, the good kni.-ht without
When he had done so, Mountjoy, kine-at-arn,s
"4'fe™r^,^l-/r-te""
W n„ , ^t^Td "•' f " P"".^ °' ovelldne':
Iron, th J .. '■ '" '''''™ 'he science of arms
Iron, tl,ose who were competent ,o teach him, a"d
m-
154 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
perchance also 'to do something which might gratify
the ladies. Hearing this, Monntjoy laughed, and
was well pleased, as was also the Lord de Li-„y
when the report of it had reached him. He went
directly to tell the king, who was pleased to say:
By the faith of my body, cousin, your pupil will
do you honour some day, to judge from his begin-
mngs.__.Ue shall see what will come of it' said
De Ligny ; 'he ,s young yet to stand the blows of
Master Claude.
To touch the shields was an easy matter; but it
was not quite so easy to find the money needed
for horses and accoutrements. However, early the
next morning, young Bayard and Bellabre got into
one of the Lyons boats, and rowed across to Ainav
KK ? '1'^! '^"^"^ ^' "^^"^ ''''^^' ^'^^ ^O'-P^lent old
abbot. When they disembarked, the first person
hey met in the meadow was no other than 'his
lordship, who was just then reciting his breviary
with a monk. The two gentlemen went to salute
him but he-having already- heard the story of the
shields and having also some presentiment that he
would be expected to come down with the money-
received them but coolly, and addressing his nephew
said : Well, Master Scapegrace, what Ims made Tj
so bold as to touch Master Claude de Vaudrays
shields.^ It IS but three days since you were a
page and you are bu: seventeen or eighteen, and
should be whipped for your presumption.' Nothin-
daunted, however, the young man answered tiiat i^
was not pride which had urged him to such bold-
ness but 'the desire to attain, by deeds of virtue,'
to the 1 .nour which his ancestors had acquired;
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYAUU.
155
'g
and that, as he had no relative or friend cxcei)t the
abbot to whom he could at the nionient have
recourse, he trusted his lordship would have tlic
kindness to assist him. But the abbot was by no
means so ready to part with his cash for the young
man's purposes. 'By my faith,' said he, 'you may
go seek elsewhere some one to lend you money-
the alms given by the founders of this abuey were
for the service of God. and not to be spent in jousts
and tournaments.' These words of the abbot were
instantly taken up by Bellabre, who, being a man
of the world somewhat, observed: 'Mv lord, had
it not been for the virtue and achievements of 'your
ancestors, you would not have been the Abb(;t of
Ainay;'and he went on to say that it was proper
for men to evince gratitude for favours they had
received, that so they might hope to e.vperience
It for those they could confer; adding further, that
as his nephew desired to distinguish himself, the
abbot ought reasonably to rejoice, and ended by
saying: 'You must needs assist him, for it can cost
you but two hundred crowns to equip him well, and
he may do you honour that may be worth ten
thousand.' Being thus appealed to on the sa^re
of personal interest, the abbot, after some discussion,
consented to assist his nephew, and gave him there-
upon a purse of one hundred crowns to j)uy a
couple of horses, providing him also with a letter
to his agent Laurengin, in which the latter was
instructed to supply the youth with clothes and
accoutrements. The abbot afterwar
that his nephew had dr;
to the extent of eight hundred fl
rds discovered
vn upon his liberality
"ancs. The abbot
i; ^iP'
I
Mai
•56 IIKKOES OF KOMANTIC ADVENTURE.
sent to recover part of this sum, but was too
vent to a gentleman, who, having lately brok n h^
"men lie had. riic horses were tried, and purchased
for .10 crowns, and taken to their stables where
they were well groomed. And so now the youn„
gentlemen were both In a condition to an, ear ha^
somely ni the lists. "jjijear nand-
As h chanced, they had not to wait lon.^ • for
three days after, Master Claude de Vaudray on'ened
Ins passage-of-arms, at which he was encou tered
K':n:c.rar,^:"''"TVf, """""', ?^ "- '--''"'"of
^m^ Charles. The honest old chronicler mention,
then best. Young liayard, being scarcely ei4,teen
and thus much younger than the rest, emered the
■sts an,ong them, and ther. made hi Cess '-
n,ost skilful a;,ddo:ghtrw:r,t:~';:'r,::c^^^
Yc I know not how it was, whether it we, "he
r / ."V" ^"^ '""' f"™"'-. or whethe Master
Claude de Vaudray took pleasure in l>im but there
i!™,.::'s:o7th:',:t:';f°Lyi:':i ^-f ■■' --
a'o", the lists, after lua:[,,^T,; h . de'rir^.f
...s Visor up, and Hushing, . he, adies'LoturdWrn
.
I
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARn. 157
by saying: "Look at this bashful stripling, he his
done better than all the others V" And he em,ir^-t
- much favour with all the companr.ha a s're,
•tvfhefVH'V"'!!^ ■'"'■" '""-'LorddeLg';
liy the fa, h of n,y body cousin, li.iyard has made
a 8.od beg,n„„,g.. „,-, ,„„,,,„.p l^^ .^ ^^.^n^
■th the ku>g; but he slyly remarked that the
young „,ans uncle the abbot was not partieuiaWy
well pleased, as his bounty had been too free v
" .awn upon in ,|,e „,attcr of the aecoutren" ts
i"auo'd'i'd\,Trc:„:u;"' "^ ""'''' '-^''^
After tins tourney the Lord de Ligny seni for
■n ™',"h Ti "'"' ""'• ^'"" '- commencemen
m arms had been successful, it would be well
for h,m to go into garrison in Picardy, and there
endeavour to perfect himself by further practr/e
Accordmgly, m the course of a few days u-efi^d
h.m m the pleasant town of Aire, procl i i„f a
tourney m h,s own behoof, at which prizes were to
be g,ven to the best doers-namely, a bracelet of
go d and a handsome dian,o„d, whL migt serve
the wmners • as a present for their ladies '
When the day of the tournament arrived, some
divided by fair lot into two parties of three-andt
wenty on each side. The trumpet sounded and
was first called on to present himself, and acainst
h,m came a neighbour of his from Daunhin, nCd
Thl tw,; ™7.^'°"' ''"d ^"ffieient man-at-arms.
The two ran their course at one another, and the
f: -^f
158 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
Sood km;c,^lit broke three lances liandsoniely in tlic
fray. Tlien came the .s\vord-fi<j;Iit, and, as before,
lie ajipears to have excelled all his confederates and
competitors, and was acknowled<red to have con-
ducted himself in a manner that could not be sur-
p.isscd. Upon the whole, it was agreed l)y all the
spectators, as well as by the two judoes present,
that there was never seen a day of better tiUiii.i;
with tile lance, or of more admirable fightint^ with
the sword. And though each did wel^and'^many
better than was customary, it was universally con-
sidered that Ba}ard had acquitted himself more
gallantly than any.
In the evening all retired to liis quarters; he
having 'prepared a magnificent supper, at which
wc.e throngs of ladies, for all the ladies of Picardy,
for ten leagues round, came to see this splendid
tourney, and made great and sumptuous cheer.'
And after supper there were 'dances and divers
other entertainments,' which were grace; !:'y kept
up until an hour after midnight. Then t' , gentle-
men retired to their quarters, one after another, con-
ducting the ladies to their several places of repose ;
where, during the still night, they rested softly'
dreaming, perchance, of gay knights in glittering
and stately armour. Anyhow, it was latJ enough
next morning before the fair dames were well awake;
and they ceased not to extol marvellously the gallant
youth wlio called the tourney, as well for his prowess
as his courtesy, and seemed to think that 'a more
gracious and courteous gentleman could not be found
in the world.'
The tourney of yesterda}- had been pc. r_ -A
Till! cooi) KNUnn llAYARn. 159
on horscl)ack ; l,„t „o„, on the scene! cir.y, there
vas to he a . is,l..,y „f a„„s on foot, w],cf by ^!
ho clcspa.red „l having „l,tai„ccl the fnst days
I>H e nnght ,„,,., ,„H| Have a ehance. to wh, , fat
of .he second. On thin occasion ,he „ood knigh
enconntered a gentleman of I,ai„a„h, of „,„
'ciH.te, calle,! I|,,„otin de Suckxr. The nunner
o the content was on this wise: 'They tl„-u " tl
II then lances were hroken in pieces; after which
Ley se,.ed their hallle-axes, and dea t each „ J
'"oital. At leiiKth, the good kniglit struck his
rc'n;?':;;'; " '■'"" ■"" ">^' ^^ - "-'"^ "i"
the; I »as worse, fall on both knees, and
the. 1^. knnnjj up his attack over the harrier he
ado Inn, k.s, the ground ;' wherenpon the udg
nnerfered, and decide,! ,|,at the adversary !,id ^ot
enough After ,!,ese two can,e othe.sf who °
.-^ecms, •|,err„rn,ed „o,nlers with their .nces ' ;„d
. ealt each other heavy hiows with l„ttle:axe u! m
lor a httie toiuney,' says tlie narrator, 'tliose who
were here saw ..s ^ood performance as they Z^
beheld ni all their lives.'
When all was oven the combatants retired to
I e,r several quarters ,0 disann, and then betook
hcraselves to those of the good knight, where a
-anquet was prepared; and the two judge, and
ho .ad,es were .already arrived. After s pperfcame
the awardn,g of the pri«s. • The gentlemen , cpe r!
and then the hid.e.s upon their conscience, and
^1
I
5 :f
I* ^
id M 'I
'm
IH !
l6o HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE,
without favour shown to one more than .mothor.
to declare their opinions. The result was, that
ladies and gentlemen agreed that, though each had
done his devoir as u ell as it v as possible, yet, in
their judgment, the good kni-]u was best in both
dap; wherefore they referred it to him. ay having
gamed tlie prizes, to bei-low his pres-nt? where be
thought fit'
Jl ):ird assigned the prize of the first (hy fo his
trusty fricnrl ]]ellab;e. and that of the second to
a certain 'Captain David of Scotland/ who may
pcrhai>s, n this nineteenth century, have some
descendants not unjustly proud of the distinction.
Cn tne delivery of the prizes, neither nen nor
women nuirmured ; and when thev had beei- handed
over, dancing and other graceful pastimes closed
the entertainments of the day. And the ladies, it
secm.s, never ceased praising the good knight, who
was beloved in Picardy as never man was before
him. 'He was there two years,' says our authority
abruptly, ' during which there were many tourneys
and sports ; in which, for the most part, he carried
off the prize. And the greatest cause of his being
universally beloved was that there was not on earth
a more liberal and gracious person : for, if any of
his companions lost a horse, he remounted him ;
if he had a crown in his purse, every one shared
It. Young as he was, the first thing he did when
lie rose was to say his prayers. He was very
charitable; and no man could say he had been
refused by him any request it was in hi< ower
to grant'
Some two y.irs after the incident. •!•-: elated.
!>e
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. iQi
secure his services for the exoeditinn a a
he adversary, and gained 'a glorious vfctorv' ?n
antly He had two horses Icilled under him on
3rdin--:ra^sitd-"L:^hen^Vr
"Ken HI, and died; whereupon Louis Duke of
Orleans, as his nearest heir came to ,t I
Franrp h„ n,. »-.i r . '" '"^ crown of
J-rance, by the t.tle of Louis XII. Soon after hi,
accession, the new king attempted the recovers 'f
e'ded" r„d aft"'"-;" • ''"'^ -"-P-e Te'L !
ceeded , and afterwards, it seems, the French -arri
ons rema.ned in Lombardy. amusing then sdves'
w.th jousts, tourneys, and other knightly paSmes
kn"ht'"LkT' ""' "P°" ■'■■^ hand;^he good
mght took occasion to visit a noble lady who
clarlef "rT""" '° ^'" f°""" "«^'". 'he Duke
Char es of Savoy She was dwelling at Cari-.nano
m Piedmont; and, being -full of'courtes;:"""'
K
'ir
ft: I'
^1 i.
II-
162 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
received him hospitably, and treated him as a
member of her family. While here, he fell in with
Madame de Fluxas, an honourable lady, who had
been governess of the house ever since her younger
days; her husband being a respectable gentleman,
who superintended the duchess's household. 'You
must know,' says our authority, 'that when the
good knight was page to the Duke of Savoy, this
Madame de Fluxas was a young lady-in-waiting on
the duchess ; and as young people seek each other's
company, there sprang up such a love between them,
in all honour, that had they followed their inclina-
tions, without regarding consequences, they had
married.' After Bayard left the duke's service, the
young lady wedded the Lord de Fluxas, ' who was
rich, and took her for her good qualities,' she having,
indeed, no other fortune to recommend her. She
had now become celebrated for her great beauty
and powers of conversation, and received the good
knight most welcomely and courteously. They dis-
coursed much of the days of their youth ; and she
reminded him of the credit he had acquired in the
lists with Claude de Vaudray, of the tourney in which
he conquered at Aire, and of divers other honours ;
and altogether lauded him so highly as to put him
to the blush. After a good deal of pleasant flattery,
she at length requested him to give a tourney in
Carignano, in honour of the duchess; a request to
which he readily acceded, saying : • Truly, since you
wish it, it shall be done.'
As we have already described one tourney, and
shall not have space to depict a tenth part of the
Others in which the good knight was engaged, we
>fl
n as a
i in with
vho had
younger
ntleman,
1. ' You
hen the
voy, this
liting on
h other's
en them,
■ indina-
hey had
rvice, the
who was
2 having,
ler. She
t beauty
the good
rhey dis-
and she
;d in the
■ in which
honours;
put him
t flattery,
)urney in
equest to
since you
-ney, and
rt of the
jaged, we
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. i^^
was considered second to hin„df^ Aft « "'""
SIX days spent in feastin,r Jr ^' ''"^ "^
gentlemen returned ofl,.i '^"'-"^"°' '^e French
The good k„i,hra,so° ^^U ClTL^rr
who expressed lier^Plf ^v.f , ^"^ duchess,
been educated t firV™"" '''' "' ^^
leave-taldng yet remain dt^h tt ZZ TZf'"'
who had been his first ln„„ "".^'"'y ''<= F'"xas,
•their parting was nof w t, o^u't ":^rs":n'?" """
and a sad heart on his/ The Lord d.FI ^^'^'
not a jealous gentleman, nor indeed h^d"!' ""
occasion for evil thoughts so f r , ""^
knight without reproach even t,„ ^T'""^ ""^
honourable love' het,„l' n °"S'' 'he 'mutual
■lasted until death Ir" "'^'"'^ "'"' "'<= '^dy
their sending ptlrea'chorr'''^^^^'' "'••''-'
with 4ard rn're'lisl":,,""^"':? "' -- ^as been
cise; b^t no, "e a raporoV, '"' '''™'™"^ »^-
dangerous adventures and shT '°""' °' ''" "'"^^
hi- as he appeared ;„ id' t^''':;r::j' '''"'''
Stance of war ' IVhnn f i . • ^ ^ ^"^ circum-
possession of Mi,rLudtic'sLt fhT^ ^"
governor, had fled for refu4 into r °'"'''
not long after his flight bv J . r '™^"^ ' ^"^
vvhich he was well provided^' t u "'°"'^' ^'^^
siderable ar--.. ^'/ ^ ' ''''^'^^^^^ ^ ^on-
succeeded . .etakL'!"'""'^ ^''^ '' ^'"to Italy,
^etakmg the aty from the French
.1-
if
164 HEROES OF ROMANTIC AOVENTURE.
At the time when this occurred, Buyard was in
garrison about twenty miles from Milan, with other
youthful gentlemen, enjoying daily ' wondrous beau-
tiful jousts with one another' Having one day
heard that there was :. .newnere in th . neighbour-
hood a company of 300 lujrsemen belonging to the
enemy, he prevailed on forty or fifty of his com-
])anions to go with him to beat up their quarters.
The Lombard captain, hearing of their approach,
drew out his men to receive them, about two or
three bow-shots from the barriers of his position.
As the French came up, the two parties charged
each other stoutly, and several on both sides were
unhorsed. But after ai hour's fighting, neither
party had the advai.lage ; on which account the
good kni<^ht was somewhat disturbed in temper.
However, he urged his companions to make a more
animated effort ; and then his party charged the
Lombards so furiously, that they began to give
ground, and retreated, fighting for four or five miles,
in the direction of Milan. The French pursued
them till they came close to the city, and then one
of the ola ^ cavaliers c..,lcd upon the rest to h;dt
and turn back ; which accordingly they did, with
the exception ^f the good knight, who, heedless
of all considerations about i\is safety, in hot pursuit
of the enemy, entered right into Milan. Cf course
he was instantly taken ^ l.joncr ; and the Lord
Ludovic, having heai' he noise thereby occasioned,
inquired what it wa^ ad n being told a hat had
happened, desired thuw the kiiight should be brought
before him.
The prince, having heard a great deal of his
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAVARD. fgj
brought hh„ ,„ri,,j":;,^ -",r-^ »;'•« had
ord,' replied Kay.d, "-unarshed, "^ Z ^TlyTl
to have entered alone l.i.f „.„i , ' '""*
panions follo.in/'™ ! but the " T "^ "■"-
better than I for hJ ., . ^ understood war
an have been'pt 'e^ '^'^ ^' ^^'^^ -""•
";y miJmp. J thank fortune t"at I h 7 n '"""S
the hands of so brave ind „1 ,, '^'""' '""'
this whose prisoneTl an, ' T, ^ ' «'""">'^" ="
Lord Ludovie treated th„ I P™P"«ted, the
and J>avinff asLcd ht ; T "'S'" "'"' '°"^'^'y-
the stren^tf, of the F. , r"'" '^"'-"-'"''"'^ respecting
with his horse "h ^ "i'"'' '" '""' "' "'"^'•'3'
conduct to r;arri,o™' '"' ""' ''™ ""''" -f-
--^ere'd'!";';" '"^"^ "' "''■'•" ^eing both re-
after t, Tr th'ee years'^fi I"""' .^'=™'"--'' •• ^^
cess, the French :ee>''uf a^^n ^-'f ^"^-
were !hus un-ihl» »„ ^' "" Pomts, and
While tb CtsTnn *'°°' ""-''^ ""'"Pri^c.
were oceasi^n.l 'e .^L^ f ?f' 'l™'"'' -cm there
soidiery experi..^' r 'o'rdt '''r '"f '^ ''"
ennui and uncertainty. Bay\rd , ^. ^''comforts o^
Minervino, and growL thJJT ''"""°" "
■™ long, he one evenit s'm tl I, "° '°°"'^ "P
• Gentlemen, we sti-na?/r companions:
our enen,ie. Either'^we s ir =«''"i """'ing of
want of exerci.in" ,, ^'■°''' effeminate for
exercisnig our weapons,
tJ '"'"'..^""^'"g "■- dare not /b7
our fortress. VVhcrefo
re I
feai
lies
quit
propose to-morrow to
I! Hi
|66 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
ride between this and Andria or Barletta. Per-
chance we may meet with some foragers of theirs,
which I should Hkc marvellously ; for we may have
a skirmish, and then let them have the honour to
whom God shall give it' All approved the pro-
posal ; and next morning about thirty of them
sallied out, and rode towards the garrison of the
enemy. • i i • 1,4.
It chanced that the same day a Spanish knight,
named Don Alonzo dc Sotomajor, having with
him some forty or fifty Spanish gentlemen, all
picked cavaliers, made a sortie from the town of
Andria fo; a like inroad on the French. Such was
the fortune of the two captains, that on descending
a little hill, they came in sight of each other within
the distance of a cannon-shot; and, as you may
guess, were not long in coming to blows. The
French charged the Spaniards at full gallop, who,
in their turn received them gallantly on the points
of their lances. At the first shock some were
borne to the earth on both sides, and with difficulty
remounted by their companions. The fight lasted
half-an-hour, without its being possible to say which
side had the best of it ; but in the last charge it
was the good knight's fortune to break the Spaniard's
ranks. There remained on the field seven of them
dead, and as many prisoners. The rest took to
flight, and amongst them the captain, Don Alonzo.
He, however, was closely pursued by Bayard, who
called on him to turn, as ' it were great shame to
be slain fleeing ;' and being a brave man, and pre-
ferring an honourable death to a shameful flight,
he at length stood up against the knight 'like a
E.
ta. Per-
of theirs,
"nay have
lonour to
the pro-
of them
)n of the
ih knight,
'ing with
enicn, all
I town of
Such was
lescencling
lier within
you may
)\vs. The
lUop, who,
the points
lome were
h difficulty
i^ht lasted
say which
: charge it
Spaniard's
en of them
st took to
on Alonzo.
ayard, who
: shame to
n, and pre-
leful flight,
Tht 'like a
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD.
167
1
•'5
IZf, '^"^ ' ,""'' ."'"y '^'«^l>='ng<=d fifty sword.blow5
h d lift r""^- ■^'^"""''''^' "■= °"^" Spaniard
had left the,r captain ; and being thus forsakxn l,e
vas presently overmastered, and finally yielded un
back to the French garr.son, where Uayard assigned
to h,s prisoner 'one of the best rooms in the cfs k
and supplied him with a dress;' telling him a the
same time, that if he would give h./word not to
eave the castle without permission, he should rema "
there, with no further restraints upon his liber'v
until he had paid his ransom. Don Alonzo h,'
return thanked him for his cout.esy, and p dged
hjsjaith not .0 depart without the good knigllt's
But Don Alonzo was not a man to keep his
promise. He stayed within his bounds for two o
three weeks, 'making great cheer, and havin^the
run of the castle, no one interfering with him°' but
growing weary of his confinement, and none of hi
peop e coming to ransom him, he was induced to
violate his honour by bribing an Albanian of the
garrison to provide him with a horse, and flee with
him to Andria. Bayard, on discovering his escape
was naturally incensed, and forth uith sent a party
of soldiers in pursuit of him, ordering them, if they
found hin, to bring him back alive or dead; and
f It should appear that 'that rascally Albanian
had a hand in it/ they v.-ere to bring him alsoTfor
he good knight declared h: 'would hang him rom
lo'it'i';",^"^ .-,.'■" --?'<=■ 'o air who wer"
— .pu^._.u lO iniiLace his treachery.
Don Alonzo was overtaken, and carried back hi
fi
- > !
ill! ^i
.11, I
^i
•ii
■L'fri I
l68 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
custody to Minervino, whither he had no sooner
arrived, than the good knight exclaimed : ' How !
Signor Don Alonzo, you pledged me your faith not
to leave this without my permission. I will trust
you no longer, for it is not honourable in a gentle-
man to escape when he has given his parole.' The
Don pretended that he had only gone off to fetch
his ransom-money, intending to send it to Bayard
within the next two «'ays. But the good knight
was not at all disposed to accept his excuses by
way of payment On the contrary, he confined Don
Alonzo in a tower for fifteen days, though without
putting him in irons or subjecting him to other
hardships ; ' and as to eating and drinking,' says the
chronicler, ' he might be well content with his good
treatment.' At the end of this time a trumpeter
arrived with his ransom, and he was released. He
took leave of Bayard and his companions courteously
enough, and at the same time witnessed how the
good knight generously gave away the whole of his
ransom-money among the soldiers.
Don Alonzo had no sooner got back to his friends
at Andria, than he began to complain to them that,
although in some respects the Lord de Bayard was
a generous and noble knight, yet the treatment he
himself had received from him was anything but
such as was becoming from one gentleman to
another. As there is always somebody ready to
report unpleasant observations, his complaints were
not long in reaching the good knight, who, on his
part, was in no small degree surprised at them. He
imm.ediatclv assembled his people, and after telling
them the purport of what he had heard, he asked
I sooner
' How !
"aith not
•ill trust
L gentle-
e.' The
to fetch
Bayard
1 knight
:uses by
nod Don
without
to other
says the
his good
•umpetcr
;ed. He
arteously
how the
le of his
is friends
leni that,
yard was
tment he
hing but
em an to
ready to
ints were
o, on his
icm. He
er telling
he asked
them
THE GOOD KNIGHT I3AYARD.
169
vvhcther they had seen anything of which he
tion. They all assured him that, iiad Do,i Ajon/o
been the greatest prince of Spain, he could no have
goTd "^''^ \^y ^y ^-^'^' ti-n,' saL U
fwifiL^r^irr.:^^:^;^^^^^^^
. "° theKhre called a clerk, and dictated a letter
"> these terms: ■ Signer Alonzo, I hear that a e
your return from being my prisoner, you lave
:r.reaT"'""'r? """"^ ^°"' P~P'^ ''^•'t ^^
contrarv Z ^e™"«">••'"■ You k„„„ „,'
contrary. But smce, .f ,t were true it were L'reat
dishonour to me, I have written to you ,1 is |et^,,'
by wh,ch I pray you to recall your words i„ ,,resx"ce
of those who have heard them, confessing, 'a. ru h
you , and so domg, you will consult your own
aspersed. But ,f you refuse, I am determined to
make you unsay your words by mortal combat
your person against mine, whether on foot or Ce
back, and leavmg you the choice of your weapons •
and so adieu.' This letter was forwarded '^ a
herald ; and when Don Alonzo had read it, he wn,.e
.n answer: 'Lord de Bayard, I would ,ave y u
know that I never unsay what I have said ; nor • e
you the man to compel me. Wherefore I accept
the combat you propose, within fifteen day.s from
ai rvvo miico irom uie town of Andria or
wherever else you please.' '
11! .
:^!
Et IS
■ill I
170 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
Bayard was at this time ill of a quartan fever;
but when the day of combat arrived, he went forth
on horseback, with 200 men-at-arms, to meet Alonzo,
according to arrangement. The latter then objected
to fight on horseback, and chose to fight on foot,
thinking that as the good knight was enfeebled by
his sickness, he should have the better chance to
conquer. Bayard allowed him to have his choice;
and after fitting preparations, the two began the
contest. Bayard walked up to his enemy ' as confi-
dently as if he were going to dance with a lady;'
and Don Alonzo, on his part, advanced with as
little fear. Going straight towards the good knight,
he said : ' Signor Bayard, what is your quarrel with
me?' And the good knight answered: 'I would
defend my honour.' Then without further words
they closed, and dealt each other a furious blow ;
the rapier of the good knight wounding Don Alonzo
in the face, whence the blood began to flow. 'Never
was seen two more doughty champions ; each was
sure of foot and eye, and would not strike at
random.' However, in the end Bayard killed his
man— not, it seems, intentionally, 'for he would have
given a hundred thousand crowns, had he had them,
to have spared his life.' But the deed being done,
it only remained for him to show his generosity to
the fallen. 'You know,' said he to Alonzo's friends,
' that it is for me to do as I will with the body. I
restore it to you. And truly I would, my honour
being safe, that it were otherwise.' The Spaniards
then bore off their champion's body with piteous
lam.entations ; and the French escorted Bayard with
trumpets and clarions to the garrison, where the
in fever ;
ent forth
: Alonzo,
objected
on foot,
:ebled by
hance to
; choice ;
egan the
as confi-
a lady;'
with as
d knight,
irrel with
' I would
ler words
lus blow ;
in Alonzo
. 'Never
each was
strike at
killed his
ould have
had them,
:ing done,
lerosity to
>'s friends,
body. I
ly honour
Spaniards
h piteous
lyard with
ivhere the
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. 171
return thanks for h,s victory. • They then,' says
~Tul\ ?'"', '^'"" ''>°-""e' ■ ^"d '•- was
o" ^f th ^^ "'" ^'""'^ ""'' Spaniards, to be
be found accomplished l<nights that could
the^re"'"^ ^^'" /'"■' "'="' (*^ '™ce continuing),
there occurred a famous combat of thirteen Soaniards
asamst thirteen of the French, in which affray the
whereof"! ' ^"'''"'"' '"""''"'^ '^^'^ "^ am'
whereof, however, no more minute account can here
be g,ven, o«.ng to lack of space. About the same
toe ,t was his fortune 'to take a treasurer and hi
ma^^ «ho were carrying ,5,000 ducats to the grea
Captam Gonzalvo;" all of which, it appears L
drstnbuted very liberally, without reservin'ra s „g e
den.er for hnnself His ne.xt e.^<ploit was o, e so
ren,arkablc as to deserve describing more at kngth-
.0 we now proceed to tell you 'how the good knfght'
space of half T '"= '-'^^ «-'"- f- '■'
Sra^iarl.'^"""-'""^' -S'-'-'^-'d, against .00
Towards the close of the war in which the French
Naplei':;;'f ' """^ "'^^^^'^ '°' "« possession J
Naples, the two part.es were for some time encamped
on oppos.te banks of the Garigliano. And as there
were brave men before Aga.nemnon, so there we e
brave men m those days besides the Lord de Bajlard
™rtl,r ., !™ "'"" '''"°"E 'he Spaniards; in
particular, the -great Captain Gonzalvo Ferrande a
w,.se and wary nun ;■ and also another who bore the
«an,e of Pedro de Pas, a gentleman of extraord, Jry
ilk. ^ I
172 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
figure. ' He was but two cubits in height, though a
bolder creature could not be found ; and he was so
humpbacked and so short, that when he was on
horseback, one could only see his head above the
saddle.'
Well, such as he was, this Pedro de Pas resolved
one day to give the French an alarm, and for that
purpose crossed the river at a ford he was acquainted
with, with about 120 horse, having placed behind
each horseman a foot-soldier armed with an arque-
buse, or firearm with a bent stock. His object was
to draw the French upon him, and induce them to
abandon the bridge ; while the Spaniards should
attack it in force to gain it. He so far succeeded in
his enterprise as to induce the French to throng in
a body to that quarter. Bayard was quartered near
the bridge, with a brave gentleman named Le Basco,
squire of the stables to the king of France. When
he heard the noise, the two lost no time in arming
and getting to horse, proposing to go to the spot
where the affair was going on. 'But the good
knight, looking over the river, perceived about 200
Spanish horse making straight for the bridge, which
they would have gained with little resistance, and
that would have been the total destruction of the
French army. He desired his companion to go and
collect some men as quickly as possible, to defend
the bridge, or they would all be lost, and promised
to do his best to keep them in play till his return.
He then went, lance in hand, to the bridge, on the
other side of which were the Spaniards, already
prepared to pass ; but, like a furious lion, he put his
lance in rest, and charged the troop who were
lough a
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. 173
already on the britl-c. so that three or four of them
were overthrown, of whom two fell into the water
and never rose a^Min, for the river was wide and
deep This done, they cut him out plenty of work
for he was so ncrccly assailed, that but for his
excellent chivalry he could not have kept them at
bay; but he backed his horse against the barrier of
the bndge that they might not get in his rear, and.
ike a chafed tiger, defended himself so well with
his sword that tiic Spaniards knew not what to say.
and thought he was no man. but a fiend. In short
he maintained his post Jong and well till Le Basco
arrived with about 100 men-at-arms, who made the
Spaniards abandon the bridge, and were pursuin-
hem a good mile beyond, when they perceived a
large body of 700 or 800 horse coming to the
enemy s support, The good knight said to his com-
panions : " Gentlemen, we have done enough to-dav
in having saved the bridge; let us retreat in as
compact a body as possible." This they did at a
good rapid pace, the good knight bringing up the
rear, and receiving every charge of the enemy.'
Being sore prcs.sed, however, from his horse failing
him through weariness, Bayard was taken prisoner
and carried off by the Spaniards. This accident
occurred in the course of a fresh charge, made by a
large body of the enemy while the French were in
retreat. The captors, confident in their numbers, did
not condescend to disarm their prisoner, otherwise
than by depriving liim of a battle-axe which he
carried in his hand, JJut as they went along, they
kept asking him wlio ho was ; and he, knowi-- well
that if he told his name he would never eljcape
frr
174
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
alive, replied merely that he was a gentleman.
Meanwhile, his comrades having missed him, and
concluding that he was taken prisoner, were very-
much distressed ; and as soon as they could get
together in sufficient number, they rode after the
Spaniards, determined that the 'flower of chivalry'
k ■
should not be lost without a contest. As they came
up, they raised the cry of 'France! France!' and
fiercely assailed the Spaniards, some of whom were
presently overthrown. Seeing this, the good knight,
who needed nothing but a horse to put him in
nghting-trim, leaped from his own, and, without
i
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. ,75
prostmteon.hel'nd'^ B* 2^""="'-". ^as lying
He was also sufferinjr from an ,.M ., ^^" ^^^'^s-
knighf and "hi' t.; Ir" H "ra^'aft; ^^
engaged in various other wars alJ,!« f "^"'"ds
tinguished for his valour ucSss 'J "^
ome of his ™i„or exploits rs^tSX-
during the se^n t ':,!'=^T'?"=.'""gh°"our,
well to state how the sieg;-of?adua':,;.e:b:ut
liiL it vviii he as
to:
"'
11
mi ■ >'.
176 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
It appears to have been in this wise. About the
year 1509. a treaty of alliance, offensive and de-
fensive, was formed between Pope Julius II., the
Emperor Maximilian of Germany, and the knigs of
France and Spain, having for its object the destruc-
tion of the state of Venice, 'with which, says the
chronicler, 'it seemed that the Lord was wroth for
their great pomp and little acknowledgment of bod,
their luxurious living, and haughty contempt for all
the other princes of Christendom.' In compliance
with this treaty, the king of France marched an
army from the duchy of Milan, and conquered
several Venetian towns and castles : among others,
the castle of Cavatas, which we mention for the sake
of bringing in a curiosity of facetiousness, on the
part of Bayard's secretary, or ' loyal serviteur, who
wrote the original memoirs. He says that the castle
was carried in two hours, and some rustics found in
it ' were made to try whether their necks were strong
enough to carry away a battlement' That is to say
the poor fellows were hanged ; and this so terrified
the people of other places, that, with one exception,
there was no town or fortress which thereafter offered
any resistance. All the towns and places which the
king of France claimed were yielded to him ; some
of them being restored to the pope, some to the king
of Spain, and, in particular, the keys of Verona,
Vicenza, and Padua were delivered to the French
kino-, who subsequently gave them to the emperor.
But inasmuch as Padua was very insufficiently gar-
risoned by the latter, certain Venetian captains
ma'^- an effort to recover it, and, after a sharp
contest, obtained possession. With the help of the
IE.
Vbout the
i and de-
s II., the
e kings of
e destruc-
' says the
wroth for
nt of God,
ipt for all
:onipliance
larched an
conquered
)ng others,
or the sake
:ss, on the
/iteur,' who
t the castle
;s found in
were strong
at is to say,
so terrified
: exception,
ifter offered
;s which the
him ; some
to the king
of Verona,
the French
he emperor,
iciently gar-
an captains
ter a sharp
help of the
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD.
1 . ^ "^■^tj\i<.u. Jo-
king of Franrp fh«. ^^
and it was duri'nllhr"""^ T '-■"> -^Sc to if
performed the "xplo I, f • "'*' "== e"d knigl
, While ti,e en,;:^ o telC"" '° "= "^-""^A
place, they were frea ,Im? !,■ ^ """'P'^^ '"^''ore the
rison of Treviso a 1" "'^ ''^ ^o'd'ers of the mr
-iles from PrduV'Xe"™ ''°"' "-and-t:'..;
was stationed Master Lu[; A,'"n"^ .°"'" "Pt^"«.
enterprising offieer.T«torH "''•''"• '" ''^^^ and
would be rousing up the em n'"' """' ' «ek, he
saw any opport„„i,^ 'f ;'"P"°f ^ "™P.- and if he
chief, he n^fer sp red Wm 1 i" ^'^"^^^ ^ "-
■f not, he prudently reth^d i,d ' ^'''"'P'' '"'^
Th.s proceeding annoyed tlU V" '°'' ^ n.an.
;ngly;andl,avrng by hi "f 2°°^ k„;g,„
'■gence of the moveme ,ts o Ar°?,'""'^ 2°°" '"'el-
■"■ned to go and seek hi n in h!"''"^'' ^' ''^'er-
Communicatin<r m " ''*' °Pen country,
-des, who apS PfT',h° "^'^■■" °f "-^ com.
morning i„ September h.f, ^^ ^°' '° ■'"rse one
with about .^ me„;t!rr"^°'"''''^<^^»c^
trumpet, or any n ise "th" seTf T°"' ^"""^ "^
before them well guarded bv fl '' '""' '' 8'"de'
li™ good payment ,f he ,^ T """"''"= ■ promising
■■ng hin, whl,7ea?h if he hT "^"i"^'"'' ''"'^ '^^eaten'
-f = off. as day n. b eafef ""'"• ^''°"' 'en
palace with a lon^ „,^t , -^^ , ^^ '*""= '" a Jarre
formed them, thaTf M trhe m"T '"" '^^ '"■
Treviso to visit their camn fh . .^'''^ * '^"'e from
pass in front of it a, d a^ tt t^' *"= """^ "«*
'hey miffht fi,.„ '. ' f "'e place was deserted
- -^-'-^d-^^r^t:;- :-^
( .
Ill
tJi
l;8 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
entered, and after waitins a couple of hours, heard
a treat tranipHnR of horses.
The good knit'ht had made an old archer of h.s
company get up into a pigeon-house, that he m.^ht
Xerve'who passed, and ascertain th- numb -
From this position the man descr.cd M-'U'Vce c
n„nrmchin.. with about IOC men-at-arms, all hel-
Tted an^nrt less than .00 Albanians under the
ommand of a Captain Scanderberg, all wd moun cd
and apparently effective men. They passed the place
oFambush ; and the archer descended in h,gh spmts
?o report »hat he had .seen. All were well pleased ,
and the good knight, desiring them to reg.rth the.r
horse , exclaimed: .Gentle.nen, it is ten years s.nce
we So ™ch an adventure. They are double our
rumb«; butif we are gentle gallants, that ,s noth.ng
"- Th' "l^waHpened, and they went off at a smart
trot -, a^d having proceeded about a mile, percejved
those they were in quest of a little way before them
ota fine wide road, bounded on both sides by broad
d?tcl,es, 'Which a man-at-arms, unless he were veo.
well mounted, would scarcely venture to leap for
fear of sticking there.' Trumpets were ordered to
be sounded. The Venetian captains who neve
dreamed of having an enemy behind them, bought
ft was some of their own people wishing to ,om the
foray, and therefore pulled up as though wa.tmg for
a further reinforcement. They were not a httle sur-
priced to find themselves presently inclosed between
de emperor's camp and the party which they now
discrered, Malleveche. however, exhorted h.s men to
do their duty, as they must needs conquer or be lost.
i
rs, heard
cr of his
ic miglit
number,
alleveche
I, all hel-
indcr the
mounted,
the place
it,rli spirits
1 pleased ;
rirth their
ears since
ouble our
is nothing.
at a smart
perceived
sfore them
;s by broad
; were very
o leap for
ordered to
who never
jm, thought
to join the
waiting for
a little sur-
cd between
h they now
:d his men to
;r or be lost.
THE GOOD KXIGIIT BAYARD. ,79
were struck to the Rrotd E.t^ '^.rZ
upon 1,,., mettle. After some tin.ef kZ,/2
before spoken oflcft the hi<rli „, , ^Damans
tlieir heiv„ ,.„„ . Iiigh-road, anu abandoned
c,r heavy troops, to attack the French in the rear
Cptafns t "T" '"'■»*''■' ="»"S-'i°n, one of ,"3
captains turned round vith hf^ f,.iu, ..
with them; 'and tJic A hU ' ^° ^"-''^-'^
road and t7t"'"''!i ''^''"' '''''" ''^^^^ »"* o(Z
o escape, as it was considered that it would be lost
i.ibour to pursue them -rT,„ • '
The emperor was walking in the outsMrt. „r .1,
eamp when they arrived ; and seehig a o d of dut'
sent a French gentleman of his househoM to ,sct'
am what occasioned it. The messenger presentlv
a™:d' and '""";'"■"' " '' '"^ Good' K„ ^ ^
-aards,.- or:t:is:r::prrg,rh::
'i!
•iu
*>.
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Photngranhir
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23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, NY. 14580
(716) 872-4503
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1 80 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
it; and as the. Fr,incli approached, he graciously
saluted them, they returning his salutation ' with
the reverence due to so high a prince.' He com-
plimented each captain as he passed, and when the
good knight came up he said: ' My Lord de Bayard,
my brother, your master, is very fortunate to have
such a servant as yr-^ ; I would give a hundred
thousand florins a year to have a dozen like you.'
Whereto the good knight replied : ' Sire, I very
humbly thank you for the praise you are pleased to
bestow on me. One thing I assure you, that so
long as my master is your ally, you will have no
more zealous servant than myself.' Then all the
men-at-arms retired to their quarters ; and there was
never anything so noised in the camp as this splendid
enterprise, of which the good knight bore oK the
greatest share of honour, though, with characteristic
modesty, he always gave the merit of it to two of
his companions.
After another dashing foray on the part of the
good knight, the emperor determined on storming
the town of Padua, and so putting an end to that
part of the business. But on communicating his
intentions to the noblemen and officers of his army,
a strange murmur arose among them, they declaring
* that it was not their business to dismount or to
storm a breach, but to fight like gentlemen on horse-
back ; and with one or two exceptions, they all
positively refused to have any hand in such an enter-
prise.' The emperor seems to have been disgusted
by their conduct, and he, in consequence, retired that
verv ni<iht fortv miles from the camp, and thence
sent orders to raise the siege.
RE.
graciously
tion ' with
He com-
i when the
de Bayard,
te to have
a hundred
Hke you.'
re, I very
pleased to
u, that so
11 have no
len all the
i there was
lis splendid
ore ofif the
laracteristic
to two of
part of the
n storming
end to that
licating his
if his army,
y declaring
ount or to
m on horse-
is, they all
:h an enter-
in disgusted
retired that
and thence
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. jgi
Upon the retreat of the imperial army, the uond
kmg.t was left in garrison at Verona, with about
400 men-at-arms, wl,om the king of France 1 ad len
l^lthruT/""''- '"^ *^^"^^ ^'' ^^^^ "^-^y skirmi 1 e
pIuI MonT'"''? ^°— ^^ed by Cap.ain I^^
i^aul Monfrone. In one of these he fell into a,?
Bayarfs -loyal serviteur ■ has recorded'of ll
After some time, these Italian .vars took a new
direction: iiostilities broke out between th.-n
and the Duke of Ferrar» ,„i, • ""^™ ""- Popo
btt^r n,„ y, , ''• "'"^rem, on the side of tlie
eems PooeTr "'" ""'"""' f""''^^ honour, ?
seem. I ope Juhus was very desirous of getting do,
session of the duchy of Ferrara, which, wft c°ha?ac
eristic presumption, he pretended belon4d to ^'^
s.ates of the Church; and with this view he wi,
drew from the a.-iiance with the king of Era ce anj
d chv Tl f r"'^' '■" ^°'°S- *° -rcH ; the
The pope, meanwhile, marching by slow sta-es
rMir^^^^'ir'J'rf .°^s^ ^^•'- ^-,i;e„ c^ntr.;;:
Mirandola, and thence
sent to the Countess gf
1 82 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
Mirandola, requesting her to deliver up her town
to him ; a request which she, being a courageous
woman, and devoted to the French interests, decis-
ively refused to comply with. The pope was very
angry at this answer, ' and swore by St Peter and
St Paul,' that he would hnve the town b^- fair means
or by force ; and accordingly he ordered his nephew
and captain-general, the Duke d'Urbino, to go and
lay siege to it. While the preparations were going
on, the good knight formed a plan ' for seizing the
pope and all his cardinals,' and was very near suc-
ceeding in his project. Being informed by his spies
that his holiness would leave St Felix on such a day,
accompanied by his 'cardinals, bishops, and pro-
thonotaries, escorted by lOO horse, to join his can p
before Mirandola,' he set forth with lOO picked men
to waylay him at a place on the road which it was
expected he would pass. The pope, being an early
riser, got into his litter at daybreak to go straight
to his camp, and was preceded by his prothc. ries,
clerks, and officers of all sorts, who were sei.t on to
prepare his quarters. When Bayard heard them
approaching, he quitted his ambush and charged
them; whereupon, in great terror, they turned round
and fled at full gallop. But notwithstanding the
alarm they raised, the pope would not have escaped
but for another accident, which perchance his holi-
ness would be likely to consider providential. He
had hardly proceeded more than a cannon-shot from
his quarters at St Felix, 'when there fell such a
snowstorm as had not been seen for a century, so
thick that they could not see one another;' and in
consequence, the pope's prime-minister came and
J RE.
3 her town
courageous
rests, decis-
e was very
; Peter and
' fair means
his nephew
, to go and
were going
seizing the
ry near sue-
by his spies
I such a day,
s, and pro-
in his can p
picked men
which it was
ing an early
go straight
othc. ries,
e seiiL on to
heard them
and charged
turned round
standing the
have escaped
,nce his holi-
idential. He
ion-shot from
; fell such a
a century, so
)ther ;' and in
er came and
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD.
183
said to him: 'Holy father, it is impossible to cross
the country while this lasts ; it is necessary, and
also your duty, to return.' The pope accordingly
assented; 'and, as ill-kick would have it/ says our
author quaintly, 'as the fugitives were returning, and
the good knight spurring in pursuit, just as he
arrived at St Felix, the pope was entering the castle
and hearing the cry, was so frightened, that he
eaped from his lit'.er without assistance, and himself
helped to raise the drawbridge, which was done like
a man who had his senses about him ; for. had he
tarried the saying of a paternoster, he had certainly
been caught!' Pope Julius, it would seem, knevv
when to act ; and, by virtue of this knowledge, he
escaped the present peril.
Mirandola was subsequently taken by the pope's
forces though it is stated that it never would have
been taken but for the accident of another snow-
storm. ' It snowed so fost for six days and nights
without ceasing, that the snow was five feet deep •
and It then froze so hard, that the moats of Miran-
dola were two feet thick of ice, and a cannon, with
Its carriage, falling from the edge of the moat on
ice, did not break it.' There were evidently hard
frosts in those days. After two wide breaches had
been made in the walls, the garrison, 'seeing no
prospect of relief, surrendered upon terms.' VVhen
the place was captured, the Duke of Ferrara retired
to his capital, resolved to defend it to the last day
01 Jus life. '
From Mirandola. the pope despatched an army to
attack the town of La Bastide, about five-and-tvvcnty
miles from Ferrara. ' He had been advised, that if
ii
H I
184 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
this place were once taken, Ferrara would be
deprived of supplies, and would be reduced by
famine in the course of two months.' The prowess
of the good knight, however, prevented that catas-
trophe. To save the place, it was necessary to
relieve the commandant within four-and-twenty
hours ; and this duty, in the face of great difficulties,
IJayard undertook. We have no space to state par-
ticulars ; but the pope's forces were surprised ; and
the result was, that between 4000 and 5000 foot
were slain^ and above sixty men-at-arms, and * more
than 300 horses were taken, together with all their
baggage and artillery ; so that every one had diffi-
culty in carrying off his booty.' The chronicler
affirms that there had not been a battle for a
hundred years Iv f^tcr fought, or gained at so great
hazard.
We pass over various smaller exploits, simply
noting by the way, that, in an assault upon the town
of Brescia, the good knight was severely wounded,
and for some time considered himself as next to
dead ; though by skilful surgery and good-fortune
he eventually recovered. Brescia was taken by the
French ; but it is said to have been the ruin of their
cause in Italy, for the men got so much plunder,
that the greater part of them returned to France,
and left the war to take its chance. After beine
several times repulsed with considerable loss, and
losing their commander, the Duke de Ne'mours
(nephew of Louis XII.), in the 'cruel and furious
battle of Ravenna,' those that remained returned in
a state of great discomfiture to Milan, and were
(inally driven out of Lombardy.
would be
duced by
e prowess
bat catas-
:essary to
iid-twenty
lifficulties,
state par-
ised ; and
5000 foot
md * more
I all their
had diffi-
chronicler
tie for a
so great
s, simply
the town
wounded,
! next to
)d-fortune
in by the
n of their
plunder,
3 France,
'ter being
loss, and
Nemours
d furious
turned in
and were
THE GOOD KNIGHT lUYARD. ,85
When wounded before KrPQrm n .
ried, after the citade was SS h''" ""', ""
archers to a respeetable-.rki f hous''^h:rd°b'':^°'
^urdt a^trei^TedT t,r^, '' - -«' "~
-anwhiie ,tt4;i-; pXii^r ;i^;^ r"^ ,"^7
daughters, who were concea ed „ , T r^ 7 '"^"'^
hay. You n,ay judge Sta Z., ""''" ^"'"e
slie was not ^ithnTf !i ''' '^"•^"istances.
archers k"ocl^d at t he I™ ' r"'^'^'"'' '^''^" '!>«
and saw thelL t 7; ''^' "P™''' '' '" P"»".
From the first Wsh ^^ " '"'""e'" "' "°""ded
ate toward/ l/rhou^Sd™^""''^;"'' "'-•''"■
the door, and place°d"tt° to "iCst ifcT '■ "'
nothhf, by ■n:rjor ' -r^f ;„tT ^^tT"* !"'-
goes on to say: • The ladv nf trf„ i ''^ "°''>'
'■■•n. into a handson e d iXr Ind ^T-^"? "'"="
on her knees before l„-„, t "irowmg herself
lives of herlelf and le?; '°"^'" '"'" '° ■'''« "'«
knight rephed 'Madam Tt ''°""« S'*' T''<= g""''
recover from my wouj h .'"ir' r''^"'" ' ^'«"
shall be offered o v™ ' ""^''^ ' ''■^^' "° '"'"^'
When he cam^ h« • , ^"^ ^^" "^oors off.
When he came, he ex^n^ined the wound, wliich w^,
J f
'%
tJ t
1 86 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
deep and wide ; and having extracted the iron,
which was a most painful operation, he assured the
good knight that it was not dangerous. At the
second dressing, came the surgeon of the Duke de
Nemours, who afterwards attended him, and treated
him so skilfully, that in less than a month he was
ready to mount on horseback.'
While confined to his bed, he was much chagrined
at his prolonged inaction ; for every day news came
from the French camp, how they were approaching
the Spaniards, and daily expecting to have ? battle.
At length, one morning, he got up, and walked
about the room, to see if he could support himself;
and though still weakly, he sent for the surgeon, and
asked him if there would be any danger in his
travelling. The surgeon, knowing how impatient he
was to be at the approaching battle, told him that
though the wound was not closed, it was healed
within, and if his barber would, every morning anu
night, apply a bandage, with a plaster he would give
him, there would be no danger. The good knight
hearing this was overjoyed, and thereupon ordered
his servants to be ready for starting in two days.
On the morning of his departure, the lady of the
house entered his room with a casket containing
2500 ducats, which, with many compliments, she
begged him to accept, as a trifling consideration for
the great kindness which she and her family had
received from him. Bayard, with a pleasant laugh,
declined the present, and proceeded, in return, to
thank the lady for the good cheer and many atten-
tions which he had enjoyed at her expense. Much
astonished at his refusal, she persisted that she
J RE,
d the iron,
assured the
IS. At the
le Duke de
and treated
)nth he was
h chagrined
r news came
approaching
ave ? battle,
and walked
lort himself;
iurgeon, and
nger in his
impatient he
)ld him that
was healed
Horning ana
' would give
good knight
pon ordered
ivo days.
: lady of the
t containing
Hments, she
lideration for
family had
jasant laugh,
In return, to
many atten-
ense. Much
ed that she
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. jg;
recdi'e tX7 T'""'^ "°"''^" '^ ^^ -"'^ "ot
receive iici l.ttie offenng, which she declirr^rl fr. k
.".;r,C' s "• -^;™^'«'»"-"' on -rl-l !
h, f o 1 ' '"^"'^'"' ^ accept It for love of von •
divTded t "dJ^'Lolf •■"'"""'■■ "'^^"'' '-"
addressing the ">ls ° ""'"^ '"'"°"'' "'"' "°"-
ave ocen pillaged, and request you to undcrHk-o
i"."- r; ,"i" '■•■ '""■ •»■" ""S
I-rench camp, where, on his arrival, itT, saW L
induced .he empero^:; w.^lX^.-^r^vJ;:,^
sw rai, d^t;rzr '^™'^ °i "-^ ^™''^"
reduced and e ,' b ™, X-e" l"l' -""i" '"'°" ""^
to the town n! vJ ? ■ "''''S'^J ""•■" to retire
town Qf Uvm; from wl.ieh place also they
niif*
1 88 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
were subsequently driven, and had to abandon
nearly tiie whole of their possessions in the country.
The reader will be concerned to hear that, in the
retreat from Pavia, the good knight was ' wounded
between the neck and shoulder by a ball, which
carried away the flesh and laid bare the bone,'
Some thought he was killed ; but he, nowise fright-
ened, assured his conii)anions that there was no
great harm done. The surgery in this case was
rather of a rude description. ' They stanched the
wound, as best they could, with moss from the trees,
and bound it with linen which the soldiers tore from
their shirts ; for they had no surgeon with them by
reason of the bad weather.' However, through good-
fortune, he was soon in a condition fit for travelling ;
and having now no further work in Italy, he seems
to have journeyed back to his native country.
On returning to France, the good knight went to
Grenoble, to visit his uncle the bishop, whom he had
not seen for a long time. Here he was attacked by
a violent fever, and was so ill that his life was
despaired of. During his sickness, he manifested a
considerable deal of piety, sadly bewailing himself
on account of his sins, and thereby melting the by-
standers to tears. The good bishop was continually
in prayer for him, as were likewise all the ' nobles,
citizens, merchants, monks, and nuns' that were
resident in the neighbourhood. 'And it could not
be,' says the chronicler, ' but amongst so many
people there must have been some person whose
prayer the Lord would hear ; as was sufficiently
apparent, for by degrees the fever left him, he began
to sleep and recover his appetite, and in a fortnight
KE.
abandon
ic country,
lat, in the
' wounded
all, wliich
tlie bone'
^isc fright-
e was no
case was
ncliL'd the
, the trees,
tore from
1 them by
ugh good-
travelling ;
, he seems
try.
lit went to
oni he had
ttackcd by
s life was
mifested a
ig himself
ig the by-
:ontinually
le ' nobles,
that were
could not
so many
son whose
sufficiently
, he began
a fortnight
THE COOD KNIGHT MYARD .g^
the ladies, a„ 'b 'Zr T""^ ^'" ''■■'"•i" »"d
conclude from this Lt ,h , '"^ "" "^'"^''' '■>
not .survive his ici. el ^' Rood knight's piety did
days, he would cek,:;"' T^ '''"' '" '''°^
the recovery of tlfe k'L. ■■ ^f "''''"■ '° .insist in
king of ArLon h ,d f ' ""^ ^'''""'- '*-'"<='' "'C
than that the J IfVn ?'''■ °". "° °"'" ^^-on
'he king of Fr"fcc i"'Z:''' "'friendship with
'aid to l'a„,pelu 'a r,"JZ 'Tf'"°''- ''"S' «-»'
'he"rT;;/x'ire:r^;rvvT'°
invade Picardy TheEnTh'" T'"^"^ "'■"■>' *»
of Charles Brando, D*f'„t ""'Z 'he command
Talbot, laid sie.re o Tn^ ' ^ ^'' ^""^ ^"P*'''"
afterwards join:? by the C^'in" '"" ^""^"^
way thither he was =»" , *^, " P"'°"- On his
»ho eapturedUmhm"'" tX;"-^ ^-^-^-'sht.
one of the twelve nr.„ t?, , cannon, forming
■Twelve AposLsP 5w ? ''f '"••'J<^^'>' "^^"ed thf
followed, aSd which v. '" '^.'"'"''^ '''"'^ shortly
Spurs'theFren r ufe^dtd "' ' ""T °' '"^
'he good knight, f't^ fntsirrb^'"'^ """
powered by numbers), had t "s e ariTh;
l|
i r
III
?• 1
tQO HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
enemy. He was conducted to the English camp,
where he remained for three or four days, and was
treated by his captor with marked distinction. The
emperor, moreover, sent for him to his quarters, and
after some gracious observations, remarked jestingly:
«\Ve were formerly at the wars together, and I
remember it was then said that the Captain Bayard
never fled.'
'Sire,' replied the knight, 'I was never in that
school where I learned to flee : had I fled, I should
not have been here.' The English monarch gave
him a more courteous reception, saying: 'Truly,
my Lord Bayard, if all resembled you, I should
soon be compelled to raise the siege.' After a brief
detention, he was liberated on his parole not to
bear arms for six weeks ; and in compliance with
that arrangement, he went to spend the time in
visiting certain towns in Flanders.
In less than two years after the Battle of the
Spurs, so called because of the speed which the
French made in retreat, the good king, Louis XII.,
fell sick and died, and was buried at St Denis with
his ancestors. His successor, as is not unknown
to readers of French history, was Francis I., at
that time a handsome prince of twenty, and but
lately married to the Lady Claude of France, eldest
daughter of the late king, and Duchess of Brittany
in her own right. Soon after his coronation, the
new king made preparations for reconquering the
duchy of Milan; in which enterprise the good knight
was sent forward with a detachment, and ' rendered
the king good service, by surprising the Lord
Prosper Colonna in the town of Villafranca, and
IE.
ish camp,
s, and was
tion. The
artcrs, and
1 jestingly:
ler, and I
lin Hayard
er in that
1, I should
larch gave
j: 'Truly,
, I should
'tor a brief
Die not to
liance with
le time in
:tle of the
which the
^ouis XII.,
Denis with
t unknown
.ncis I., at
y, and but
ance, eldest
of Brittany
)nation, the
[uering the
jood knight
d 'rendered
the Lord
franca, and
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD.
, . 19!
making him and several r-inf^.v
crowns.' ThTs cntur. " ^ '° ''"" °^ 50,ooo
■for had no ,e Lo d r' '""f""^ " S^<^-^ affair;
they Lui „.e,Tdl;ril : ".t' '"""""'"^ "-■' ^
s«S%s::rU'" r'*^"<^'-= ■" p— - or
captnre of L^J pj 7""^ °", '"^'•"•'"S "f 'he
re reated to Milan Tl '^ ' ,''^^"'^°""' 'hem, and
forth, r„d n«de"i ,^ ?" "^'""''"'"™"y^''"-d
camn If M? '^" irruption on the French
camp at Marignano. The kin" wn, „„ ,1 '^'™^"
of going to supper, but he loft t "" the pent
went strairfit with hirr untasted, and
"- Swiss, in the^'dnsk t "'en-'r^r "'"'"
mounted on a traihnf ,,„ , , • ''™"'"?. 'le was
'he first had be n k ^d' '"/'^""^ '■"-^' f"^
first ehar<>e The li , • ""'" *"" "' "'e
him, thatliis IZ/'T-m""''''^ '" ""'^ ^^°"t
, iiidL nis Jiorses bridle was torn nff \vu
file animal felt himself without eiT he r\ ?
in sn te of fV.^ c, ■ . , "• i^ein, lie rushed,
and 'as carry n^;-!' "f "'™"S'' "-'^ '^"^^
hody of th::r';L'rh:t;'sSn-tr -^""f;
hy some Vines festooned from ^T:^^:^''^
It
iaw
!l
192 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
losing his presence of mind, he quickly dismounted,
threw off his helmet and crosses, and crawled along
the ditches to the French camp without being dis-
covered. The loss of the French was very great,
but they, nevertheless, gained the victory, and the
town of Milan surrendered. The king on this
occasion desired to confer the honour of knighthood
on certain of his officers; but as, by the rules of
chivalry, only a knight could confer the honour,
he sent for the Lord de Bayard, and informed him
first of all that he himself wished to be knighted
by him, as being 'the knight of greatest renown
for his feats of arms on foot and on horseback
in divers battles.' Bayard urged that a crowned
king, like Francis, was already a knight above
all other knights. But the king said : ' Come,
Bayard, despatch. Allege me not laws and canons ;
but obey my will and command, if you would be
of the number of my good servants and subjects.'
The good knight then replied: ' Certes, sire, I will
do it not once, but a hundred times at your
command.' And, thereupon, taking his sword, and
laying it on the king's shoulder, he said: 'Sire,
may you be as renowned as Roland or Oliver,
Godfrey or Baldwin his brother; and God grant
>ou may never turn your back in war!' And
thereafter the good knight kept the sword 'as a
sacred relic,' in honour of the event.
The Emperor Maximilian, incensed at the king
of France for having thus conquered the duchy
of Milan, came into the country with new forces,
foi the purpose of regaining it. He was obliged,
however, to retreat; and after some suspension
I
TURE.
7 dismounted,
:rawled along
ut being dis-
13 very great,
tory, and the
^ing on this
)f knighthood
■ the rules of
the honour,
informed him
be knighted
atest renown
)n horseback
t a crowned
might above
aid : ' Come,
and canons ;
ou would be
ind subjects.*
;s, sire, I will
nes at your
s sword, and
said : ' Sire,
d or Oliver,
i God grant
war!' And
sword 'as a
at the king
1 the duchy
I new forces,
was obliged,
; suspension
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD.
of hcstilitfcs, he died in fi
grandson Charles, he LfliT -'^'^^ ^"' ^'
emperor in his stead M^f , ^'''"' ^"^^ ^'^^ted
;523«the nj'^^jr^::^^^^^^^^^ -
40,000 men, and liavL „i "" ^"^Y of
"«= '<">g of France 'rf.f"' ''"'""S"'? '°
tow of Mcziires a hi- T^ ""-eatened the
Netherlands. Francfs dZ T 't .T '^'"^ °" "'<=
■'ere was no man in h,«\ ^edanng that
'■•■"i greater confidence Th ^"^^ !," '" "'■°"> ''«
the town ma very poor nlfhf^""" '^"'^ht found
but, setting every oloflf '^^^^.'''^"ding a siege;
condition. Being besie Jh^*" . "'" tolerable
'•^ "ad great dfficn t'^t si li^ ""-, ''°"'=^"-
yet, by a strata-em h^ = '"^ '"'"g the place ;
of the two at tal- L camoTt '" '"""""e °"«
position and .oin ,l!.„fh ^ ,'" '''""'"^ from its
"«ndcrs got 'Zo a . ° " "''"''''>' "'<' two com-
forthwith ^ated ri,e "e":" --"derstanding, and
only one thousand n^f ' i, ? , ^°°'' ''"«'«, with
for three weclc, a d Z' ^'? ^"^^ ""=™ "t bay
t„ • 1 "^^^"■•^' '^»tl, meanwhile thp L-J^o- ^r t- "^
'ev.ed an arn,y powerful enougVto d "ve L
of the coiNitry. Bav3rH'= = • ™ them out
acknowledged and ,1, "' '''"'= graciously
He was crated h ,7*^ f T'?"''''"''^'' "'y '"'= "aster
and received ; c '^m^fd '7^'^ °i ^' ^"^h-'.
arms. command of a hundred men-at-
«he'^:ori:„;:S'Vt":rd'":.°f'''-j'---"ction3,
'o"g. ThatiLvitS"^^m^-"l.-S;H^
0^
{^-^samiamim
194 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
Steps of every man favoured by fortune throughout
many hazards, was now on the pohit of overtaking
him. At the commencement of the year 1524, the
king of France had a large army encamped at Abbi-
ategrasso, in Italy, under the command of his admiral,
the Lord de Bonnivet. In this army Bayard held
an office of command, and was sent by the admiral
with some 200 men-at-arms, to watch the motions
of the Spaniards near Milan, and to defend the
village of Rebec against them. The place was
assailable on all sides, and there were no means of
fortifying it except by barricading the entrances of
the streets. For the purposes of defence, the good
knight considered the forces intrusted to him as
utterly insufficient, and he appears to have several
times represented the danger of the enterprise to
his superior, the admiral. The latter, however, paid
next to no attention to his representations. The
Spaniards, who were 15,000 strong in Milan, learn-
ing from their spies that he was in Rebec with so
small a party, determined one night to surprise him.
The night selected for the purpose happened to be
rainy, and the officers on guard at Rebec, suspecting
no danger, had left their posts, and there remained
nobody on watch but three or four archers. When
the Spaniards approached within a bowshot of the
village, they were astonished at finding no one in
the or«-skirts, and thought the good knight must
have heard of their enterprise, and retired to Abbiate-
grasso. But, on advancing abou. a hundred paces
further, they encountered the few archers who were
on guard; and these, on being charged, instantly
fled in great alarm, and hurriedly gave notice of the
II
rURE.
2 throughout
)f overtaking
ear 1524, the
ped at Abbi-
•f his admiral,
Bayard held
• the admiral
the motions
) defend the
2 place was
no means of
entrances of
ce, the good
1 to him as
have several
enterprise to
owever, paid
ations. The
Milan, learn-
sbec with so
surprise him.
ipened to be
c, suspecting
:re remained
lers. When
vshot of the
J no one in
knight must
1 to Abbiate-
ndred paces
rs who were
;d, instantly
lotice of the
""^ ^OO-' KNIGHT MVARD.
sssaulf "Tu ■'95
charger, hastened, w^ or fv'f","'™"""? "i!
at-arms, and a small number ^ V'" °"" -"un-
certain Captain Lomes tofh k "■''""'y ""der a
»;as going on. The" ei'ieL "■'"■• '" ^^e what
vjihse, intent on ii^di™ fe 27'""°"""'"^ ">«
Kn.ght liayard ; and Indeed^ rf' °^ "■« <^°°'i
'■'">. there would have been 1 "f ^'^ ''^'' '^^en
As yet, however, thev conM ' '""*= '^f '<> do
the fight was go ngTn at l"b' ^'' •"■"• ^^^'^
drums of their infentry bea.in T'Z' ^' '"'"^ 'he
«|m%htway he desired^a^r "'^ '"''''''■ ""<>
h's men, whilst he himself and i,'*^",'" '"'^"^'^^
them in the rear. Thej^ V "'! "^"'■'y P^tected
abandon their baggage tT the" " "'"^^"^ '»
deavour simply to^ra;etidrVe;"Tr- '"' '° -
was done, the French mni- ^'"^ eventually
'"- they lost onlyro"t:?„mer"^'" ^ --'
"^--P to be dimini^i g'dX^Th • "T^''^''^ '"'^
^'ckness, ealled together a !^i^ ,°"S'' '™« ^nd
was then determhfed to withd f *'"'' ^"'' "
the retreat, the good l-„ J ""' "'= army. I„
'he rear-guard Tht s7 ' "i "'"^'' ^"'"'"ed wi h
<^^y to dfy, and lid fctt J°"°r '"- f--
.iytr:tvXl^"'^'^-^^^^^^
if
196
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
.JMa
out on each side of the road a large body of hack-
butters and harquebusiers, whose pieces carried large
stones, and with these they did the French consider-
able injury. Various gallant noblemen were slain ;
and, worse than all, the good knight himself was
one among the number. He was steadily retiring
before the Spaniards, and frequently turning back
to face them, maintaining the greatest calmness and
resolution amidst the peril, when suddenly ' a stone
from a harquebuse struck him on the loins, and
broke the great bone of the spine.' He was on the
point of falling from his horse, but still had strength
enoujT^h to support himself by holding on to the
saddle, till a young gentleman helped him to dis-
mount. He was now pressed to withdraw from the
field, but his answer was that he had never yet
turned his back upon an enemy. He was placed
against a tree, with his face towards the Spaniards,
who, on hearing he was wounded, became instantly
impressed with great concern on his account : ' for,'
says his biographer, 'he had always been very kind
to his prisoners, and liberal in respect of their
ransom ; and they knew that, by his death, nobility
itself was impaired, for, without disparaging others,
he was the most perfect knight in this world.'
The Marquis of Pescara, and other noble Spaniards,
who came to see him before he died, expressed the
greatest commiseration at his fate, and spoke loudly
in praise of his honour, daring, and magnanimity.
Amongst others came the Duke of Bourbon, who
had been formerly engaged in a conspiracy against
the king of France, and having fled the kingdom,
was now in command of the Spanish army. He
TURE.
)ody of hack-
; carried large
:nch consider-
n were slain ;
: himself was
adily retiring
turning back
calmness and
lenly ' a stone
he loins, and
[e was on the
1 had strength
ig on to the
1 him to dis-
Iraw from the
ad never yet
e was placed
he Spaniards,
ame instantly
ccount : ' for,'
een very kind
pect of their
ieath, nobility
raging others,
world.'
ble Spaniards,
expressed the
1 spoke loudly
magnanimity.
Bourbon, who
piracy against
the kingdom,
ih army. He
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD.
came with the intent of .n^ "" """"' '^'
noble l-night, teliinj h „ w™"'"^ '° ~"^°'e the
the accident ^^■hlcb h^T hTl"'^'^ ^^ vvas at
to send him the be tl"'". '"'"'' '"'^ offering
'vhose assistance thnel ^'°';' '" ">^ ^^fy, by
"..ght possibly re'cd^'^tr"' ,'= '"""S''' he
recognised him, he a,^ver!d m" ',''7?'' ''"'s'^^
longe; need of phv-sicinrr 1, / '°"^' ' have no
°f the soul. J am o" to°'h"'^''.°''^' h"t of those
™y honour unsullied ; but oitv •'""''^' *h° die with
"'ho are in arms a-^a nst v^ ^ " ■''^""'' '^"^ '» you,
••"Id your oath." He eonr f"""' y°""' country,
three hours, the enemv ■'" '° ''"" '°' '>™ »
»n,e tent over him aL h7, "'"''^""^ " hand-
priest was brought^; ? f t '""' "" ^ ^cd. A
himself; and then ,Wtl fi" ^ '""outly confessed
the hands of the E "Lt he "^T' '"' '"-^y «t
breath. ^-ternal, he calmly yielded up his
gentlenten to^'c r^ h^ td'al^ f""?'""^'' -""=
service was chanted over v <■ "'' "'h^^ solemn
followers then carried hi,T 1°' .'™ ''^y^- His
countryofDauph,™ „e 1'^°''^ '"'" his native
hcing paid to his rem „,'?'',?' "'""^'•y honours
he duchy of Savoy. We are toM ';,''""'='' 'hrough
the mourning which tool nl "'"' '" ''""Phine
"ent of his death Zc°°iJ,T" " *" '-"'""""ce.
twi ; and it was confi l !, " P°"'^'"'' of descrip.
-"d years before rereh'j "'' '"" '"' ^ 'hou-
so lamented by all ra„L ." '^""^ * gentleman
1 ■('
i
if
fit
fp
198 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
monastery, about half a league from Grenoble, amidst
the tears and lamentations of the entire population
of the neighbourhood ; and so great and passionate
was their grief, that ' all fetes, dances, banquets, and
other pastimes ceased.' Good reason, thinks the
chronicler, they had for their regret, ' for a heavier
loss could not have happened to that country.'
By way of conclusion, we will cite some sentences
fropi the eulogy of Bayard's loyal serviteur. 'To
enumerate the virtues of the good knight,' says he,
'would be superfluous. All things pass away but
the love of God. Suftice it, then, to say that he
loved and feared God above all things ; he never
swore or blasphemed ; and in all his afifairs and
necessities he ever had recourse to Him He
loved his neighbour as himself, and never possessed
a crown but it was at the service of the first who
needed it. He was a great almsgiver, and gave
his alms in secret ; he succoured widows in distress ;
and during his life, had given in marriage a hundred
poor orphan-girls, gentlefolks, and others. If a
gentleman under his command was dismounted, he
remounted him, and in a manner not to offend his
delicacy, often exchanging a Spanish charger worth
200 or 300 crowns for a nag worth but six, and
giving the gentleman to understand that the latter
was just the horse to suit himself ; so graciously
did he confer his gifts. He was a sorry flatterer,
and never swerved from speaking truth, were it to
the greatest of princes. He looked with contempt
upon this world's wealth, and was at his death no
richer than at his birth. In war, none excelled him;
in conduct, he was a Fabius Maximus : in enter-
TURE.
noble, amidst
re population
nd passionate
banquets, and
I, thinks the
for a heavier
)untry.'
me sentences
rviteur, ' To
ght,' says he,
iss away but
say that he
js ; he never
5 affairs and
1 He
/er possessed
the first who
sr, and gave
's in distress ;
ge a hundred
thers. If a
smounted, he
to offend his
:harger worth
but six, and
lat the latter
>o graciously
)rry flatterer,
h, were it to
ith contempt
his death no
excelled him;
is ; in enter-
THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. j^
gentle and courteous to h s f kndc Th. "'T-^'
marked him for a perfeci ,nMi /'"^"=^ l^iLties
hound in attack, I w^/'^a 1 ' deVet^r./a'^Tr
■n retreat. I„ short, it would tak a ' o'd :rrtor
his life to recount his virtues '
us some intere thr'limp L "oZ'th '™""' ''""''
Kr.^,,' r . ^ t>"mpses ot the 'imao-e anH
body of a time which ordinary history ts b , f
indifferently represented. We see in 7
and Inf; ^ ^' ^^""'^ ''''"' y^^ ^ '"^n of chivalrous
etts-r„ird,t::fo:id'r:;k-^
h.m m a manner worthy of admiration. '
N?8"
I U !!■
GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI.
lUSEPPE GARIBALDI, the Italian
patriot, had a marvellous and adventurous
career, and went through more actual perils
by flood and field than any hero of romance.
He was born at Nice, 4th July 1807.
His father was a simple God-fearing fisher-
man, seldom in prosperous circumstances ; but he
continued nevertheless to give the boy a tolerable
education, possibly with the object of making him
a priest. He seems to have been a bright brave
lad, concerned in all sorts of adventures, played
truant when he could get the loan of a gun, or
,DI.
the Italian
adventurous
actual perils
) of romance.
July 1807.
taring fisher-
ces ; but he
' a tolerable
making him
bright brave
ures, played
if a gun, or
GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. 201
coax one of the fishermen to take him in a
boat. He went oyster-trawling, was often sHenf
and thoughtful, and would read under th d
ces for hours when he got a book that in eres'd
h'm. He could snig most of the son-s of he
and that any good he possessed he owed to e^
of oTv'tir 'V"\ ''""''y °™'. "'uch fonder
on' ^afd ' S"fi r °'f ";?'' P"' ^"-"^ P™™-"^
Levant KnV ^ ,"°"'''"'^"'"' '""^ =^'''^'' f°^ "'e
i^evant. But we had not gone as far as Monaco
when we were pursued and overtaken by a '■ eor aTr"'
commanded by my good father. We were ca^u «l
v..hout bloodshed, and taken back to o ,r , o„ e,
« eedmgly mortified by the failure of our enterprise
flv1,t f;;^ r"" ^" ^""^ >"- "ad betra^T^;
Seated .? 7"T '° "'= P""^'P'^= "'»^'' were
mculcated at school, and the motives used to
s andT- "' '° '""'y' ' ""■ "°» -ble to under"
V-"' """^ "nsoundness and their evil tendenc"
A- were m danger of growing up with only selfish
lit
I
l|l
aoa HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
f''i ' ifi
and mercenary views ; nothinj^ was offered as a
reward for anything we could do but money. '
Giuseppe was determined upon becoming a sailor,
and, rising rapidly in the merchant service, he was
api)ointed in 1828 second in command of the brig
Cortvsc. The next few years were passed in trading-
voyages cither to the Levant and Black Sea, or to
the various Italian seaports. Once, while his ship was
loading at Civita Vecchia, the young sailor obtained
leave to visit Rome. The sight of the Eternal City,
her monuments of past glory, and evidences of present
abasement, left an indelible impression upon his
heart, and, joined to his frequent intercourse with
Greece — then in all the fervour of her dear-bought
freedom — decided the bent of his principles. His
letters and rude snatches of verse, written about
this period, show the kindling of a passion for
national liberty, to which, whatever may be or may
have been the exa'^geration of his views, not even
Garibaldi's worst detractors can deny him the praise
of having unselfishly and consistently adhered.
Until he attained the age of twenty-six, however,
his political sentiments exercised no influence over
his fortunes. Quietly following his profession, with
a good reputation for seamanship and commercial
knowledge — both requisites in Italian masters of
trading-vessels — we find up to that period but one
othor characteristic incident to record. Falling dan-
gerously ill at Constantinople, he was kindly received
and carefully nursed in the family of an Italian
exile. On his recovery, unwilling to encroach on
hi.s friend's scanty resources, he gave lessons in
writing, French, and Italian, and thus earned sufii-
■-i
J RE.
ifcrcd as a
ley. '
ing a sailor,
ice, he was
of the brig
in trading-
Sea, or to
liis ship was
or obtained
ternal City,
:s of present
I upon his
course with
dear-bought
:iples. His
itten about
passion for
be or may
/s, not even
II the praise
lered.
ix, however,
flucnce over
fession, with
commercial
masters of
iod but one
Falling dan-
dly received
an Italian
nicroach on
I lessons in
earned suff,-
GTUSEPPE GAUinALDT. 203
dent to support himself, and defray the expenses
ol his loner i hpsq imf.i -.v 1 ^ expenses
employment ' '^'" '° '"'"'"^ '^'^ ^''^S^nal
JHit with the dawn of the vnr i9,.
change for Ginh;.lrh t ^ .^^ '''''"''' "" 8^'"<^''*t
th/"for*^H;/'''""""^,'"''=''''"5 '° "-^ conviction
affa r, of r , """ •■"" '"'P'^ °f « "Change in the
.r to-Vo'nt cr"ti<f: r' '° "■? ^^^
mmv nf I,: ^"'^'^'^^- ^t Kio Janeiro he found
. Soon after this, in the harbour of rIo at cnn
'"to the raging waves, and brought tl.^ ;;otb"a:k
if '*:
f .;■
i 1
J '.:
i
204 HEROES OF ROMANTIC AHVENTURE.
off in safety, xlrtrly in the year following his arrival
in South America, the pcrsviasions of some Italians,
brought prisoners to the Hra/ilian capital, as leaders
of a republican movement in the province of Rio
Grande, induced their countryman to volunteer to
join the insuri;cnts with his ship and crew.
Under the flag of the republic of Rio Grande,
he embarked with his friend Rosetti on board their
hired cruiser, the Jilazzini, manned by twenty hands,
to wage war against the empire of Ikazil. Some
of his crew were lovers of Liberty in the unrestricted
sense of License, rather than that lofty one which
he himself entertained of her ; and having captured
a prize, would have behaved to their prisoner^
in a privateering, not to say a piratical manner.
' I found them affecting ferocity to intimidate the
poor Brazilian sailors whom we had made prisoners.
I took immediate steps to repress all such conduct,
and to tranquillise the fears which they had excited,
assuring the crew that they should be uninjured,
and kindly treated, and set on shore at the first
convenient landing-place, with all their own personal
property. A Brazilian, a passenger in the Sninaca,
took the first opportunity, after coming on board,
to offer me a casket containing three valuable
diamonds, in a supplicating manner, as if afraid
for his life ; but I refused to receive it, and gave
peremptory orders that noiic of the effects of the
crew or passengers should be taken fro.i '1 .-m
under any pretext whatever ; and this course I
pursued on all subsequent occasions, whenever I
f'"k any prizes from the enemy; and my orders
Wi. ^ always strictly obeyed.' On the River Plata,
URE.
g his arrival
)nic Italians,
1, as leaders
incc of Rio
/oluntcer to
kV.
^io Grande,
board their
:enty hands,
azil. Some
unrestricted
r one which
\\g captured
ir prisoner!
lanncr.
tiniidate the
le prisoners,
ch conduct,
had excited,
2 uninjured,
at the first
\vn personal
he Siunaca,
I on board,
ee valuable
as if afraid
t, ant'. ^iwQ
ects of the
from tiicm
is course I
whenever I
my orders
l^iver Plata,
GIUSEPPE GAkliiALDI.
205
I
hejr prov.s,ons failed them, and they had no boat
to land vyith, and thereby procure any. A house
cos ; .^^^^^""'"^^^ ^" ^'^'•'•■v'e at it, and at an^
co.t obtain some bullock's flesh; he therefore
by oae of Ins sailors, and moved on towards the
land not navigating but rolling through the breakers
b safe vf '"' "^r^ ''^'''^' '' ^''' ^'' '•-^^^h-d
•n safety. It was still more difficult to return with
the necessary cargo.
'Mauri/Jo and I fastened the meat to the le-s
of the table, which were in the air, the table itsdf
being placed upside down on the water, and then
we launched out into the river to make our way
to the vessel. But the weight of the cargo and
crew proved entirely too great, and we immediately
began to sink, until we stood in the water ; and
on reaching the breakers, the agitation caused so
much rocking, that it was almost impossible to
proceed, or even to keep our footing. Indeed we
were in actual danger of drowning ; but after great
e.xer ions, we reached the lu.Sa with our load of
provisions, and were hailed by the shouts of our
companions, whose only hope for subsistence de-
pended on our success.'
Never, we imagine, was piece of beef beheld on
that side of a dining-table before, nor ever hero
smce the days of Peter Bell, saved by such a
Z7ZT' " i'l' ^'''' '^ '°"^^^ ^^'^ fi-t battle
against two armed launches of the Brazilian govern-
ment, which U'/=rA Kpo^...., ^n- ^r. , ^
, '. , '^ea-.i: Oil auer a sharp action
wherem he was very severely wounded. His S
I i
mi
im
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
friend Florentine perished in this engagement. His
wound presently compelled him to seek surgical
aid at Gualaguay, which place he was not permitted
to leave without the permission of Rosas, 'the
traitor of Buenos Ay res, who never acted with a
good reason.' As soon, therefore, as he recovered
his health, he determined to escape, and provided
for that purpose horses and a guide.
' I had fifty-four miles to travel, and that distance
I devoured in less than half a night, going almost
the whole way on the gallop. When day broke,
we were at an estancia within about half a mile
of the town. My guide then told me to wait in
the bushes where we were while he went to inquire
the news at the house. I complied, and he left
me. I dismounted, and tied my horse to a tree
with the bridle, and waited a long time. At length,
not seeing him return, I walked to the edge of
the bushes, and looked about in search of him,
when I heard behind me a trampling of horses,
and, on turning round, discovered a band of horsemen,
who were rushing upon me with their sabres drawn.
They were already between me and my horse ;
and any attempt to escape would have been fruit-
less — still more any effort at resistance. I was
immediately seized and bound with my hands behind
me, and then placed upon a miserable horse, and
had my feet tied under him. In that condition
I was taken back to Gualaguay, where still worse
treatment awaited me. Such were the impressions
made upon my feelings by the barbarous usage
which I received at that time, that I have never
since been able to recall the circumstances without
m\
'URE.
ement. His
eek surgical
ot permitted
Rosas, ' the
cted with a
le recovered
nd provided
hat distance
;oing almost
day broke,
half a mile
: to wait in
It to inquire
and he left
;e to a tree
At length,
the edge of
rch of him,
g of horses,
of horsemen,
abres drawn.
my horse ;
i been fruit-
ice. I was
lands behind
2 horse, and
at condition
2 still worse
impressions
arous usage
have never
nces without
GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. ^
a peculiar agitation of mind • and T .
pcr.od as the most painful on"; hf" wh'^'k' '^''
'nto the presence of Milau ft I " ^'^"^^^^
wa.s waiting for me at h! a §^°^^''"°0. who
he asked mf who l^ad flLtd'^:: . '[h t ^'^°"'
of cscap.;. When he found fhTf I ""'^"^
no infurmation from me on thlf k ""'t''^ ''""
to beat me n.ost br^hll? If ■'"='■ ^^ ''<=S^"
h^'cl in his hand He then Bu't a ' '^''" '"''''''' "^
;■> ">= Prison, and hu g T p IZuT" =>, '^'"'
-and,, bound together aftheVi^^ fJ'J '^ ""^
the wretch keot mn ..„ 'J"-'^- "or two hours
My whole body w"s throf '' '" """ "'^"""•
'•^»t. IfeltasifbTrnin^h rf'"'° ' '"S'' '"^^'"■^■'
swallowed water whTch "fas alll T'' ' ''^""''""y
being .nble to ...X^I^IXT th ""L°"'
■ngs which I endured aft., k • ^""^ ^"fi""-
indescribable, ye I did 1T "^ ""''°""'' "-^--e
a dead man and t fs easvt Tf '""• ' '"^ "k<=
have suffered extreme vTh»H«'™ """ ' "'"«
four miles throuT a „ ' ''j"' '*"' travelled fifty.
■•nsect, are instable TtL'"""'"' '''"''' '^^
»"" then I had returned tt m^d /'" ^^^^•
my liands and feet hn„„j f distance with
to the terrible stint of the m ' '""'''"^ '''P°'"^
me with viKour and VrJ T?.""°' '"''•''' assailed
:l:-^e^^of•sr;h:^-^rhrt-
f
"55S3IH
208 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
a powerful interest. While in command of a couple
of launches of the Republic, and when on shore with
only thirteen of his men engaged in making char-
coal, he was surprised in the wood-house by the
Imperialist commander, Maringue, and fought a
hundred and fifty enemies, from nine in the morning
until three in the afternoon, killing and wounding
many of them, and finally forcing them to retreat.
The entrance of the Lagoon dos Tatos was com-
manded by two towns in the hands of the Imperialists,
so that it was judged impossible that the Republicans
should show face in its waters ; but our hero caused
his launches to be transported in carts drawn by
two hundred oxen, over the intermediate country,
and with vast labour set them afloat in Lake
Tramandai. This part of the lagoon was very
shallow, having only about four feet of water at
high tide; besides, 'on that coast, which is very
open and all alluvial, the sea is never tranquil,
even in the most favourable weather, but the numer-
ous breakers stun the ear, and from the distance of
many miles their roar sounds like peals of thunder.
Here, with his usual ill-fortune, Garibaldi's own
launch was wrecked.
'I was at that time on the top of the mast,
hoping to discover some point of the coast less
dan-erous to approach. By a sudden turn, the
vessel was rolled violently to starboard, and I was
thrown some distance overboard. Although in such
a perilous situation, I did not even think of death ;
but knowing I had many companions who were
J ^..ffp.-lncr f»-'->nT «;pn -sickness.
not seamen, auu wcit ouneiing i.-.u. -
I endeavoured to collect as many oars and other
f
URE.
i of a couple
m shore with
naking char-
ouse by the
id fought a
the morning
id wounding
to retreat,
tos was com-
: Imperialists,
: RepubHcans
• hero caused
rts drawn by
iate country,
)at in Lake
on was very
of water at
i^hich is very
2ver tranquil,
ut the numer-
ic distance of
Is of thunder.'
ribaldi's own
of the mast,
;he coast less
ien turn, the
rd, and I was
:hough in such
link of death ;
ons who were
ii sea-sickness.
>ars and other
GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. ^^
him in reaching tL fho e" Tl, °fi fjr /" "''"'
near to me holdincr f^ "^ 7 ^'^st one who came
Mutru, and\o ItS'l^e' Tnrt ''"'"'°
"•ending I.in, „ot to let^t L J ''°'"' '•'=~'"-
Carniglia, the courageous Ln,^ °" ^"^ *"""«•
at the moment of tl'fcatas^onl, ""^f " ""= '■^'">
to the vessel on L.^^' ''^"'•■""«'' confined
do™ in sTch a ma c;™v^f^"■'^''^'■"^ "eld
confined his limbs tl.ah.^ u """" '"'^"^ '"^'^^
He made me a s l" that I,e° T.' """^ '"'"^^"■•
and I sprang fonvarH , "'' "'^ assistance,
I had, .-.f the%oc et of m;:'"'' "^ "''' f"^"''.
with a handle • this r tlt^ I™'"'' " ^""11 knife
I was maste if blj , ■ '"'^ ,*'"' ="' "«^ strength
made of ve vet' ?l,, '"' ''"' ™""' ^^"ich ,vas
miserable instrument'to^k':' tT " '^"^ ""=
us, and sunk the vessel a.,d' J, T^"- "'"'^ °>'"
I struck the bottom o t e se ^e " T'''"'"'
the water which washed ,i, " '''°'; and
whirlpools, haltsurj ed °e""r ''°'''"' ""^ "^^
my unfortunate friend wis g^e fo'r Z To ' t'"'
of the crew 1 found dispersed ZT , ■ P""""'
exertion to gain the coTst h ""'""S "^^--y
ceeded amon| the first and ^.^'""""'"^- ' '"-
setting my ffet upon Vhe land "'"' ""'"^^ ="■'"
discover the situation nf ' ''™' '" '""' and
appeared at a short H . ""^ ~"'"^=^- ^duardo
dcad.ligiu , ,,fc,;' "' ?'^';'"«- . He had left the
N
(
I '.-i'jj..;^
r
M
210 HEROES OE ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
an extremity. I loved Eduardo like a brother, and
was afifected beyond measure at his condition. Ah,
I was sensitive in those days ! My heart had never
been hardened, and I v/as generous. I rushed
towards my dear friend, reaching out to him the
piece of wood which had saved me on my way
to the shore. I had got very near him, and excited
by the importance of the undertaking, should have
saved him, but a surge rolled over us both, and
I was under water for a moment. I rallied, and
called out, not seeing him appear; I called in
desperation, but in vain. The friend dear to my
heart was sunk in the waves of that ocean which
he had not feared in his desire to join with me
in serving the cause of mankind. Another martyr
to Italian liberty without a stone in a foreign land !
The bodies of sixteen of my companions, drowned
in the sea, were transported a distance of thirty
miles to the northern coast, and buried in its
immense sands. Several of the remainder were
brought to land. There were seven Italians. I can
mention Luigi Carniglia, Eduardo Mutru, Luigi
Stadirini, Giovanni D. ; but three other names I
do not remember. Some were good swimmers. In
vain I looked among those who were saved to
discover any Italian faces. All my countrymen
were dead. My feelings overpowered me. The
world appeared to me like a desert. Many of the
company who were neither seamen nor swimmers
were saved.
At Rio Grande, for whose cause he had already
suffered so much, Garibaldi found himself warmly
received, and was speedily invested with the com-
•URE.
brother, and
jdition. Ah,
rt had never
;. I rushed
to him the
on my way
, and excited
should have
js both, and
ralHed, and
I called in
dear to my
ocean which
join with me
other martyr
foreign land !
ons, drowned
ice of thirty
>uried in its
nainder were
alians. I can
Mutru, Luigi
her names I
wimmers. In
^ere saved to
r countrymen
ed me. The
Many of the
nor swimmers
e had already
imself warmly
u'ith the com-
GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. j,,
mand of the scanty naval force-if such a term can
at a I be apphed to two or three miserable coast.W
st,tuted the raar,ne resources of the infant republic
Many „,c,dents are related of the constant sWr
"..shes by sea and land in which he now found
h.mself engaged against the Brazilians, thit have
ctt To"d"o '' "V""'' '°' '"= P- of'the ron !
cist To do more, however, than glance at a few
;L:erit:7,L:ir""™"'^'-<'-^-''^^-^-
Chased one day by the Brazilian cruisers into a
lagoon wh.ther he l,ad not calculated m on X ir
venturmg to follow him, Garibaldi, as a las' xp d
ent, ran h,s vessel aground ; then, transportin/twL
»w,vels to an overhanging eminence, he ken L"
ters, retired to a safe distance for the night • con
vinced hat, however his resistance might be pro"
longed, he could not ultimately escape them Bu
Miip had both disappeared. By indefatigable activ
y he had got her off the sand, and, gliding pal
tie unsuspecting Brazilians, anchored at the mouTi
to mask his design, had they been more ^atchfu
of te movements, he had collected a quantity of
brushwood and loose timber, which, set on ie
might mduce them to believe he had destroyed hfs
ship, and sought .afety in flight by land. ^
Th. B J"^"'"?' °'?'"'°" ^^ '™^ "°' ^ fortunate,
Th« Brazilians forced the entrance of the Lagao
f
' ^aii'ii fjl
iiiriit
212
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
dos Patos, where the lilliputian fleet of Rio Grande
was stationed ; and, confident in their vastly supe-
rior numbers and weight of metal, anticipated an
easy capture. But Garibaldi had no notion of sur-
render. For a while he replied with spirit to their
heavy cannonade — his newly-married wife, a native
of that country, standing unmoved by his side ; then,
convinced that further resistance would have been
madness, he ordered his crews to land, blew up the
pov.der-magazines, and swam to shore.
We next find him at the head of his sailors,
whom he had organised as a land-force, laying the
foundation of his future fame in the guerilla system
of warfare. In the dangerous expeditions, the toil-
some marches, the unceasing alarms, the frequent
hand-to-hand encounters which are its inseparable
accompaniments, his wife was never absent from
him. It is related of her that once, during the
confusion of an unexpected engagement, she was
taken prisoner by the Brazilians. Worked to frenzy
by a rumour that her husband was slain, she con-
trived during the night to elude the vigilance of
her captors, and hurrying to the field of battle,
sought amongst the dead and dying for his remains.
Satisfied at length that her fears were groundless,
she pursued her flight, arl after two days had the
happiness of being reunited to the object of an
affection whose constancy and devotedness have
invested the name of Anita Garibaldi and her mourn-
ful fate with an interest denied to many a loftier
heroine. Even the claims of maternity had no
power to withdraw her from his side ; bearing their
new-born son in her arms, she continued to face
LJRE.
Rio Grande
I'astly supe-
ticipated an
•tion of sur-
irit to their
fe, a native
side ; then,
1 have been
blew up the
his sailors,
;, laying the
rilla system
)ns, the toil-
;he frequent
inseparable
ibsent from
during the
nt, she was
ed to frenzy
lin, she con-
vigilance of
d of battle,
his remains.
groundless,
ays had the
bject of an
:dness have
I her mourn-
ny a loftier
lity had no
rearing their
lued to face
i
GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. 213
death exposure, and privation, light-hearted anrl
."S""^ --^"""S seeded nlu^
It was not long after the birth of this child tliat
Ganbald, determined to leave Rio Grande A i
of pnncp e had degenerated into a conflict of ind7vi
l.can,sm Settmg sail for Monte-Video in a stite
ht 7a:Ser™f'"' ™? ''''' '"-•^•'erestedLf
n.s charac er, no sooner had he arrived at his des-
tination than it became necessary to seek some
means of earning bread for his family
for a short time he gave lessons in ah-ebra and
geometry m one of the principal schools of the C'y
but the sohctations of the government, involved h,'
a protracted war with Rosas, the obnoxious dicta to
of Buenos Ayres, induced him, ere long to rd^
quish these peaceful vocations. ^'
„i^r.!'''" T"™' <=''P^'""'on was honourable to his
reputafon, though disastrous in its results. Invested
w,th the command of a corvette, a brig, and a cutter
considerable batteries. Elated with this success he
proceeded up the river; but, unpractised in its ^f
gation found himself entangled in sand-ba ks aTd"
prowess nf tht , . "°^ '='>' "'"■='' f""- the
prowess of the assailants that for three days Gari-
bald, was enabled to keep them at bay h"s
ammunition failing at last he rnt „„ tt i
cahlpc anrl .. • ■ . ' "P 'n^ chain-
cable and every iron implement he could lav hand,
on, ul , seeing even these resources were exhausted"
he ordered his ships' companies to take to",; boatt
f
214 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
and remaining himself to the last, followed his usual
system of explosion. As on the Lagao dos Patos,
he reached the shore in safety, hastily formed his
men and, fighting his way through a body of
troops sent to oppose his progress, succeeded in
effecting a retreat.
Returning to Monte-Video by a circuitous land-
route. Garibaldi found himself, notwithstanding the
ill success of his expedition, anxiously expected,
and warmly greeted. The city was menaced by a
siege from the redoubted Oribe, and the general
consternation was excessive. By the government
he was charged to fit out some ships to replace
their recent losses ; and by the Italian residents,
who were very numerous at Monte-Video, was
appointed to the command of a body of 800 volun-
teers, raised amongst themselves, to assist in the
defence.
His subsequent naval operations, owing to his
crippled resources, were limited to watching the
movements of the blockading squadron, facilitating
the entrance of ships carrying supplies to the
beleaguered city, and the occasional capture of some
laden with stores for the army of Oribe. So great,
however, was his eagerness to strike some decisive
blow, that he once deliberately advanced to the
mouth of the harbour with his insignificant flotilla,
only numbering eight guns, and ofi"ered battle to
the ships of Rosas, which carried forty-four. The
roofs and balconies of Monte-Video were crowded
with spectators ; the masts and rigging of the neutral
yecgelo in the port swarmed with French, English,
^nd American sailors, all breathlessly awaiting the
! i
LIRE.
/cd his usual
,o dos Patos,
'■ formed his
a body of
mcceeded in
:uitous land-
standing the
ly expected,
cnaccd by a
tlie general
government
(S to replace
an residents,
2- Video, was
3f 800 volun-
assist in the
)wing to his
.vatching the
n, facilitating
plies to the
[iture of some
)e. So great,
5ome decisive
inced to the
ficant flotilla,
red battle to
ty-four. The
,vere crowded
of the neutral
mch, English,
• awaiting the
f
GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. 215
issue of this daring challenge. But the Buenos
Ayreans, probably apprised that he founded his
hopes of success on speedily grappling with and
boardmg them, did not judge it expedient to accept
the combat. *
Of the exploits of the Italian Legion, speedily
organised under his active superintendence, Italians
are justifiably proud, although a detail of the sorties
desperate charges, and desultory skirmishing in which
It was constantly engaged, would prove wearyino-
to the English reader. One brilliant feat of arm.?
nevertheless, selected amongst several other inci-'
dents almost equally striking, we cannot permit
ourselves to pass over.
Despatched on a distant expedition to dislod-c
the enemy from a province on the confines of Brazil
-a service he performed with eventual success-with
i«4 Italian legionaries and a handful of cavalry for
eight hours Garibaldi once kept his ground against
iSoo men. Night closing in found the little band
reduced to nearly half its original number: thirty-
five were killed, fifty seriously Avounded. The sur-
vivors, exhcusted with fatigue and want of food
seemed hardly capable of dragging themselves to
balto, a fortified town, where Garibaldi had fixed
his headquarters, about a league distant. But to
leave his wounded to the mercy of the Buenos
Ayreans, irritated by the check they had sustained
was repugnant to the feelings of their commander'
1 lacing them by twos and threes upon such horses
as he could collect, supported on each side by their
weary comrades, alternately sympathising, applaud-
m^, reproving, he was able, after a tedious retreaf
1^ ; ;l
2l6
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
of three hours' duration, to muster his followers
within the welcome shelter of the walls of Salto.
The news of this action, where the enemy was
said to have lost 500 between killed and wounded,
produced ^reat enthusiasm at IViontc- Video. The
{government ordered that the date of the battle —
the 8th of February 1846 — should be inscribed in
letters of gold on the banner of the legion ; and
the French admiral commanding the station of Rio
de la Plata, addressed a complimentary letter tc
(laribaldi, declaring that such achievements would
even have conferred additional lustre on the soldiers
of the Grand Army of Napoleon.
On his return to the capital in the autumn of
that same year, having satisfactorily fulfilled the
duty with which he had been intrusted, the title of
general was conferred upon him — a distinction he
at first declined, but was at length induced by
general entreaty to accept. His refusal, however,
for himself and his legionaries of a grant of lands
and cattle was not to be shaken ; protesting ' that
in obedience to the call of liberty alone had the
Italians of Monte-Video taken up arms, and not
with any views of gain or advancement ' — a declara-
tion which may claim the rare distinction of sincerity,
since it is positively known that at this °riod so
frugal was the expenditure, and so limited the
resources of his household, no lights were ever
burned at night under his roof, candles not being
included in the rations, which, with his scanty pay,
furnished his only means of subsistence. When
this fact became known to General Pacheco y Obes,
then minister of war, he himself relates that he sent
URE.
lis followers
)f Salto.
enemy was
nd wounded,
Video. The
the battle-
inscribed in
legion ; and
ation of Rio
ry letter tc
nents would
the soldiers
: autumn of
fulfilled the
, the title of
'stinction he
iiiduced by
al, however,
ant of lands
:esting ' that
3ne had the
lis, and not
' — a declara-
1 of sincerity,
lis 'jriod so
limited the
5 were ever
:s not being
scanty pay,
nee. When
heco y Obes,
that he sent
GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. 217
his aide-de-camp with a sum equal to ^20 to Gari-
baldi. Acceptmg half of this for the most pressin r
nccess.t.es of his fast-increasing fanniy. eTe" 3
et-:::;:d':fb •"■'^'^^ '- ^'^^" ^° a^;idow.v:ii'om
Leaving South America lie landed at Nice in
the month of Tiino r9^9 -.Tf 1 '
teen vcJ TU . ■ "■' ''" '"'^"'-^"^^ «^ <■«"••-
teen jcars. 1 he returnmg exile must have been vvell-
«.gh bewildered by the recital of all ^hat the three
past mo„t s comprised. In the con. .ling day of
March and commencement of April were cro^^ed
events on which hung the destinies of Europe the
establishment of the French republic ; insurrection!
ary movements at Berlin; Vienna in revol , "nd
almost simu taneously the Austrians driven 'f"
to the call of Lombardy, and believing the lon^..
c Iienshed aspirations of his house about to be fut
and Ronr'"^ ?' ^r"" '''''' ^"^ ^^-P-^' Tuscany
and Rome sending forth thousands of volunteers;
and even Ferdinand of Naples yielding to the
pressure of popular feeling, despatched a contin^^ei t
to co-operate in the national war ^^
The ' Red Shirt ' of Garibaldi had already become
famous when in 1847 the reforming Pope Pius IX
ascended the throne of St Peter. Garibaldi pr^mptfy
offered to enlist under his banner, but received'an
ambiguous reply, and Charles Albert of Sardinia
wlK,m on his arrival in Italy he found besieging
the Austnans in Mantua, coldly referred him to hit
mmisters. Garibaldi, however, after the collapse of
the Italian army, at the head of a body of volunteers
performed some notable feats against th? Austrians'
2l8 HEROES O' ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
on the Swiss frontier. In 1849 he threw in his lot
with tlie revolutionary government of Rome against
Pius IX., who had retracted his liberal concessions
and fled the city. Garibaldi aided in the proclama-
tion of the republic in February, drove the French
expeditionary force under Oudinot from Rome in
April, and routed the Neapolitans at Talestrina and
Velletri in May.sending them pcUmell over the frontier.
These events arc so important that we describe
them more minutely. On the morning of the 30th
of April, the great bells of the Capitol gave the
signal of alarm, and the roar of cannon from the
walls, and discharge of musketry in the plain,
announced that the battle had commenced. In-
stantly the streets were filled with eager crowds,
who, issuing forth from lanes and workshops, armed
with weapons of every age and construction, while
the women at the windows animated them by their
o-estures, hurried tumultuously towards the Porta
Cavalleggieri, which, from its situation, was exposed
to the first brunt of the attack. Encountered with
unlooked-for intrepidity, the French, to their amaze-
ment, found themselves obliged to give way, and
concentrating their forces — which amounted to 7000
men, with twelve pieces of artillery— directed their
movements upon the Porta San Pancrazio, where
Garibaldi was stationed. Not contented to remain
upon the defensive, he charged them with his usual
impetuosity ; and although they resisted bravely for
several hours, the close of the day witnessed the
French in full retreat, having lost 300 between
killed and wounded, besides leaving upwards of 500
prisoners in the hands of the Romans,
GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI.
w in his lot
219
Tlic transport .>( rejoicing with which this success
was hailed ni Rome, may be deemed pardonable
when It IS considered under what disadvantages and
over what troops-troops reputed well-nigh invin-
cible-it had been achieved. Of men trained to
bear arms, but 4000 or 5000 at the utmost-and
tliesc for the nmst part volunteers of only a few
months experience-had been brought together for
the hastily-organised defence ; a force totally inade-
quate in a city of so wide a circuit of defective
fortifications Eut the courage of the population
had supplied the deficiency, and it was to them and
Garibaldi that the laurels of that day were unani-
mously assigned.
Mortified and disheartened, the French had retired
to I alo on the road to Civita Vecchia. whither
Ciaribaldi. barely allowing his men a few hours-
repose set out in their pursuit. It seems beyond
a doubt that, had he not been thwarted in the
exec, tion of this daring project, a complete victory
would have been its result, so demoralised-to use
a term lately introduced— were the enemy at their
unexpected repulse. Ikit his progress was arrested
by orders from the triumvirate who were at the
head of the Roman Republic. Deluded by the
expectation of a change in the foreign policy of
the Wench Assembly, unwilling to incur the enmity
of the nation by humiliating their arms, and thus
nidispose them to withdraw from a convention so
incompatible with the institutions of republicanism
— Mazzini and his colleagues recalled the disap-
pointed Garibaldi, and insisted that no a-gressive
movement should be undertaken for the present
tr
■B
220 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
His easy victory over the Neapolitans at Palestrina
is chiefly ascribed to the terror with which the name
of Garibaldi inspired them. From the confessions
of the prisoners, it was learned that he was uni-
versally denounced as more devil than man-the
scarlet tunics worn by himself and his legionaries
being regarded as an emblem of his affinity to the
powers of evil.
The following details bring this dreaded com-
mander and his camp-life familiarly before us: 'Ot
middle stature, deep-chested and wide-shouldered,
Garibaldi's frame is cast in an iron mould, com-
bining agility with strength. There is something
statuesque in the appearance of his head, with its
broad brow, straight features, and long flowing hair
blending with the beard of the same golden hue-
the expression of the deep-set eyes, thoughtful and
yet piercing, completing the characteristics of a
countenance which inspires mingled respect and
trust in the beholder.' Would you see him amongst
his companions in adventure ? ' Picture to yourse f
an incongruous assemblage of individuals of all
descriptions: boys of twelve or fourteen ; veteran
soldiers attracted by the fame of the celebrated
chieftain of Monte-Video; some stimulated by noble
ambition ; others anxious to find impunity and
license in the confusion of war, yet so restrained
by the inflexible severity of their leader, that courage
and daring alone could find a vent, while more law-
less passions were curbed beneath his will. Ihe
general and his staff all rode on American saddles ;
wore scarlet blouses, with hats of every possible
form, without distinctions of any kind, or pretensign
URE.
It Palestrina
ch the name
I confessions
he was uni-
in man — the
s legionaries
ffinity to the
readed com-
jfore us: 'Of
e-shouldered,
mould, corn-
is something
lead, with its
; flowing hair
crolden hue —
loughtful and
leristics of a
respect and
him amongst
re to yourself
'iduals of all
teen ; veteran
he celebrated
lated by noble
impunity and
so restrained
r, that courage
hile more law-
his will. The
erican saddles ;
every possible
1, or pretensigu
GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. 221
ever the mTtl^A I '"^^^^^igable. When-
trcncn him! ir , .'° *'"'''^'"I^' ''^^^ officers, the
t,cncrai nimse f includeH urrv.,M i r
hor-sc and attend to the t™", ' f P? °"' "'''''
Wlii,., 4-u \vants ot their own steed <;
under his tent if ™ m "°"' ''''y ""•""^'■'^d ""t
near -.t L, V ' ''^ ~nfary, the enemy were
BMn« o^e^' ■,^/="'.--'' -nstantly on honseba k
cuised 1, , 1"2 ""^ °"'P°^'=^' Often, dis-
to ci ch fh f departure, the lazzos served
wa" ahviv "meadows. The order of mar^h
wa. ahvays arranged on the precedin^r dav and
the corps set out without ever knowing^hte' th^y
ni l I i) wi
IWi
I
\\ '
222 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
might arrive the day after. Owing to this patri-
arehal simplicity, pushed perhaps somewha too ar
Garibaldi appeared more like the eh.ef of a tube
of Indians than a general ; but at the approach o
danger, and in the heat of combat, h>s presence o
mind ;nd courage were admirable ; and hen, by
the astonishing rapidity of his movements, he made
up' h, a great measure, for his deficeney m those
qualities which are generally supposed to be abso-
lutely essential in a good general.' ^
Meantime, however, Mazrini had been mve.glcd
by Oudinot into an armistice, and the I'rench, be.ng
abundantly reinforced, proceeded to lay s.ege o
Rome. Garibaldi was recalled, and on June 30
Is elected dictator; but on July 3. after a brrlhant
defence, he was forced to abandon h.s post. He
retreated, pursued by the Austrians to the Adnat.c
where poo' Anita died, worn out by suffermg and
anxietj!^ Garibaldi was arrested at Chmvari by
order of the Sardinian government, and requested
to leave Italy, much to the indignation of the people^
He betook Wmself to Staten Island, where he worked
or eighteen months as a candle-maker, then became
captain of various merchantmen, paying a y.s.t to
Newcastle where he declined a popular dcmon.strafon
He returned to Italy in ,854, and had settled down
Ts a farmer in the island of Caprera. when, n> 1859,
the outbreak of the war of Italian liberation called
m to arm once more. Though frequently tMvarted
by the Sardinian generals. Garibaldi rendered valu-
able service to the allies. After '■- peace of VI a-
franca, Garibaldi, with the pcrnmsion ol ,<-.■■'
Emmanuel, went into central Italy as second
in
GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. 333
o?rT:?;i^est s to consun^ate the annexation
conspinn,, a'a h n "f"""''' ''^'' '"•"^ b"»"y
r iiiin, prepared to come to the ri.-:riio urn •
three months Sicily was free r.l .f '"""
Garibaldi beran L ■!? Cro.ssnig the straits,
Naples, L,Xr d t he'tTitar""'."'^ "^™"^"'
amid the eheers of Kh ,'.: Sels'Troo'pr A 47a'
': ah:::"ir:"d ■ ^rn: c" °*^-""e
and Garibaldi wT2 \ P"" '" '''^''der,
victory al™g t rent L""\r"'^'=' '^""'P'-^^^
having bee„%|ccUrerd^„ „7;hrt,™TT^'
arr ved at Naoleq -.nr? r -i , ,- ^^^° Sicilies,
^esi.nedhisfc;:!,'::^^^
StTrnt-att'^' '"^ -P.-t:i. SatiT.:
■•" theVoot He „ JZ°"1 "'■' "^'"^ bounded
enthusiasm:' b;rf;~*;t xr h:"i"'! "f ,-'
jonrney he returned abruntlv at tl ^'" °J '"'
British ^„ver-,n,™t , 'P, ^ '^t the request of the
^mernment. In the war nf jo^^ 1
-re commanded the Red Ih' tJ iftifTyr:,.^.:
224 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE,
though his sons Menotti and Ricciotti proved
worthy of their father, the campaign as a whole was
not marked by any brilliant affairs. Venice was
now ceded to Italy, but Rome remained unredeemed,
and untaught by his previous adventures, Garibaldi
in the following year made his last attempt on the
Holy City. Arrested by the Italian government,
he escaped from Caprera in a boat, and placing
himself at the head of the volunteers, defeated the
Papal troops on October 25, at Monte Rotondo. On
November 3, however, the Zouaves, reinforced by a
body of French, armed with the deadly chassepot,
utterly routed him at Mentana.
The only other military event in his career was his
acceptance of the command of the volunteers of the
Vosges, in assistance of the French, during the
Franco-German war. During the remainder of his
life he remained a helpless invalid at Caprera, of
which island, owing to the generosity of his English
friends, he had become entire proprietor. Here he
died June 2, 1882. His wish that his body be
cremated was not at the time given effect to. An
English translation of his Autobiography, with a sup-
plement by J. VV. Mario, appeared in 1889.
THE END.
Edinburgh :
Printed by W. & R. Chambers, Limited.
URE„
otti proved
a whole was
Venice was
unredeemed,
es, Garibaldi
empt on the
government,
and placing
defeated the
Lotondo. On
nforced by a
ly chassepot,
:areer was his
anteers of the
I, during the
lainder of his
t Caprera, of
)f his English
:or. Here he
his body be
effect to. An
^ly, with a sap-
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e happiest knack of
lesonie Knj^dish lads.'
G. A. Henty, Guy
5/
ustrations by W.
r boys.'— /'Vcf; Lance.
ly good collection of
idarcf.
EADB. 5/
,st degree. '—Tror?rf.
5/
I admirably suit those
od and womanhood.'—
ned Australian girl in
id. A capital story. —
des by G. A. Henty,
\''hishaw, &c. 5/
ou could find in a day's
BOOKSnmPRIZES^ ANF. ^'RESENTA TION. 5
Titt' "'•' ^'''''- ^^'^^'' ^''^''^ illustration by W Iic,„c]..^
en.lure in the co, ^e o tl e South Un-"''"'''-^'"'^'!' '"^^'^ '''^^' t«
MISS NONENTITY. ]{y L. T. Mkaue.
Wit^^i cgJit lllu«lratiuns by W. i.,,i,i,y_ 5/
HiiiS hSii;;;.i;^i,/ti;-isimr ^!:t\ "" "'"* ^''^ '"^« "«<^ ti.e
tl'e .story to n.ake the ac. uafet-i nee •^/■^""v^' '"""«'' *" ^"J"/
Meade. She will he uJT^T£M.^^ "''""'' "^ ^'^ ^^ '•
herself to be a ".Mi,,s Soni.'h ,,lv''\, .'?''• V"''","!'' '^''" P-'^^es
too.' mM)0(i;y, and of considerable importance,
CHARGE! OR BRITON AND BOFR Pn
^Vith ei,bt Illustrationf 1;Th. G^^^^ ''^^"^^^ ^^^^^^
tlmn M;Aj':il'|;gCn.'-8;.t,/^'"^"' '''"••^ ^- ^-^' ^«"-- '--Is
Tcov^flVfT ^^-o stories told by (;. A IW
Bouc] '''^^^ Illustrations by W. ^
hav-I''n.'.I',?f ' ''^,l'l>.earing to be that men
nave many adnurablo nualities con
''-]!.'' J?"7-, %«» Author of /.„,«,-,
;;yith eight HUistrations by Percv
Tarrant. ^ •>
nf ^,^- ^^fANVILLK Fenn. With eigi/t
Jiliistrations by W. H. C. (iroonie '''''""" '''"'■ ''^'■"«'-'- '''^^'- 5/
of 'ti-e^xS,^ 'm^:^^':^\,- ,• ^'-'«e i« a fine speein.en
with Mr Rudyard Kipli„'g^"e'SatioLs.'"%t/;;;.V;'^ '"'^^'^
6
BOOKS FOR I'RtZES AND PRESENTATION.
5/
LIGHT 0' THE MORNING : The .Story uf an iiiah Girl.
15y I,. '1'. MnADK. With uight llhistvations by W. Kainey.
'Mr« Mciulo htt,s never written aiiytliiiiy better.'— ro//.i'tJre Fust.
PERIL AND PROWESS. 15eiiig Stori.s
tuhl l)y G. A. Uknty, ('<. Manville
FlCNN, A. CuNAN IJOYLK, W. W.
,Jacuij.s, \). l^Ku, C- II. Low, 1).
LaWSON JoHNHTUNK, AnUKEW i>AL10UI{,
and othcis. 5/
With eight lUu-strations by W. Bouoher.
' Tlie storieH are of supreme interest, and
iKhnirably UAA.' -Binninghnin Gazette.
'No Itoy witli healtliy animal instinctrt
t')uld iieli') reading and enjoying Veril and
Proircss." Edinbnnjh Eixninij News.
DASH AND DARING. Being Stories told
})y G. A. llENTY, G. Manville Fenn,
D. Keh, and many otiiers. 5/
With eight Illustra^'"ons by W. M. C.
Groonie.
'Tlic volume is one to be treasured 1»y British hoya.'—Livcrpvol
Post.
THE GIRLS OF ST WODE'S. By L. T Meade. 5/
With eight Illustrations by W. Kainey.
'Written with strong vivaeity.' — British WcchUj.
'Tiie story is a cheerfiil, lieartsome tale.' — Scotsman.
MEG LANGHOLME. V>y Mrs :M()LEswoi{'rH. 5/
With eight Illustrations by W. Rainey.
' Mrs Molesworth presents a study of girl-life with all lier accus-
tonind felicity and unfailing mtereHt.'— Sheffield Daily Telegraph.
VINCE THE REBEL ; or, The, Sanctuary in the Bog. 5/
By G. Manville Fenn. With eight Illustrations l)y W. H. C.
. Groonie.
' It is one of the best of Mrnville Fenn's nioviea.'— Times.
WILD KITTY. By L. T. Meade. 5/
With eight Illustrations by J. Ayton Symington.
' Kitty is the prettiest, the most audacious, and the most charm-
ing creature that ever fluttered the dove-cote of a girls' school.'
—Spectator.
h'ruill, lill.MNS ANl> BllAVLUV.
ATION.
li Girl. 6/
W. Kainey.
,' — Yuikuhite Pud.
JJcing Stories
TY, «1. Manvh.le
Doyle, W. W.
C. 11. Luw, \).
AnUUEWIjALI'OUH,
5/
msbyW. liouclier.
ipieiiit! iiiterent, and
liiKjhdiJi Gazelle.
Iiy iuiinial instincts
enjoying Peril ami
Ercn'inij News.
Being Stories told
, Manville Eenn,
jtiiers. 5/
^Jons by W. H. C.
sli \myH.'— Liverpool
BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION.
IE.
)tSIHa7l.
5/
5/
; with all her actus-
Daih/ Telegraph.
Bog.
5/
itions 1)y W. H. C.
es.' — Times.
■ 5/
;ton.
ami the most charni-
e of a girls' school.'
8/
^Vith eight Illu.stnition.sl,y\V. II. C. (fruou.e
tuner.
6/
THE GIRL AT THE DOWER HOUSE. AND AFTERWARD ./
Ly A..E. au.u.. ^^,th eight Ilh.stration. 1^7 'Z J.
An absorbing story.'-/;«//y /y,, p,,,,^.
^Vith eight lilustrat.ou.s by W. Uoi,,),„,
'Very brightly told. '-7^„«,.//.
THE BLACK TOR: A Tale of the Keigu of James T. 5/
pa;ss,r ;i^;pri=t. ^;uh^^si,^s.S;i,^s. --^^ ^^
Boucher.
'Fascinating from beginnimr to end
. ._ . iH told witli nmcli .vipiiit and go.'—
BirmDif/ham Gazette 1^
PHILIPPA. By Mrs iMoLEswoimi. 5/ '^
Witli eight Illustrations bv J. Finne-
inore.
'Very clever, very fantastic, and very
enjoyable. '—^>rcto^or.
OLIVIA. By IMrs Moleswortii. 5/ t^fv'
With eight Illustrations by Robert ' "' '
Barnes.
' A heantif nl story, an ideal gift-book b'V "4
^m- gnh.'^ British WeeJdy. \>^ / .
GIRLS NEW AND OLD. ' By L T '" -^^--i«^^^^
Meade. ' »5/ ^"'■'"" Ciiui.s of the forest. 6/
With eiglit Illnstrations by J. Williamson.
ill ' 'I
[jl ■ fi
li'iiJl
If!!,'!
[^ d
n
nnOKS FOR PRIZES AND PUKSENTATION.
BROTHERHOOD OF THE COAST. Hy David Lawhon
JouNaroNH. With twoiity-one Illustrations by W. iJouclier. 5/
'TIhmo is fiisciiiiilinii for evciv lii'iiltliyniiiided boy in tlic very
iiiiiiK! of lliu Jiiu-caneciH. . . . Mr 1). L. .lolmsUmu'^ new sloiy of
iitl venture is sure of a warm wiAwmQ.' —Manchester OiMnlum.
DON. By the Author of Lad<lie, &c. 6/
Witli ei^'ht lUustnitiouH by J. Fiune-
iiiori!.
NESTorGIRLS
' A fro.sli and liappy story . . . told with
<,'rt'at sj)irit. ... It i« as imre as sijriny
air. ' — G/asffow llcvald.
BETTY: A School eiirl. By L. T,
Mkadk. 5/
With eight Illustrations by Everard
liii|)kin8.
'Tills is an aihniralile tale of school-
<,drl life : lier liistorv involves an excel-
lent moral skilfully conveyed.'— GVasi/oiW
Herald.
DIAMOND DYKE; or, The Lone Farm
on the Voiat. 5/
By G. ^Ianville Fknn. With eight
Illustrations by W. Boucher.
' There is not a dull page in the \wo\C— Aberdeen Free Press.
REAL GOLD: A Story of Adventure. I'.y fl. Manmlle Fenn. 5/
With eight Illustrations by W. S. Stacey.
' In the author's best style, and brimful of life and adventure. . . .
Equal to any of the tales of adventure Mr Fenn has yet writlcii.'—
Standard
From A Nkht ok Girls. 6/
POMONA. By the Author of Laddir, Tip-Cat, &c.
With eight Illustrations by Bobert Barnes.
* A bright, healthy story for airh.'— Bookseller.
BLANCHE. By INIrs Mor.EswoHTH.
With eight Illustrations by Bobert Barnes.
5/
5/
'Eminently healthy, . . . pretty and interesting, free from
sentimentality. '—Queen.
ATION.
David Lawson
W. Douclier. 5/
(1 boy ill tlio very
(tiKi's new Hlory of
cr Uuiinlian.
5/
0118 by J. I'iiine-
tory . . . told with
as i»ure an spiiiiy
;iil. By L T.
5/
tions by Everard
I lie tale of ncliool-
iiivolves an exce!-
luveyed. ' — Glasgow
The Lone Farm
5/
ICNN. AVitli eight
Jouclier.
jen Free Press.
lnmlle Fenn. 5/
and adventure. . . .
1 has vet writbn.' —
nnoKs FOR rmxKs axd Pin-sKSTArroN.
kc.
5/
5/
restiny, free from
3/6
Pnce 3s. 6d.
^-:!;^^^^^^^^^^ "y tl.e a..n.or of
"s clmnu.t,.rise<l l.y ,|„, usna . | ' ! , ''^''^.I'.l'''-'''^. Tl,e storv
;""' I'i^t'"'.- «■«> Land in lian 1 t,, , ,1 s .'' "^v.'iter; JMunonV
•oolv is reael.e,! uith regret, ht s V ""' ^^'l] ''^■^'' 1"^^"' "^ tl'«
t.;e ^two^eharndn, ehild-sUnliesI^'n. iti; ^^ t ^.l ''^^J-J.^H
PETER THE PILGRIM. JJy L. T. Mk.ok
^^.l.-x Illustrations l,y^ra..,ac;;;p;n.
.K;'S"Ke;^;;:;vr:: ^-''y 'v ''i, an.
I-oand I'eter. ;; , t ;" , y ; J ' ' -"^on, and nar.icnia
^ '"'« thiny to he a nil,.,.; ."?.,; ^''^ '"''^'- - "'X';;!.! il m„„
J>ar(icnlai
a 'ine thh.;;-;; 'iie'r, •;:;; •;;:"::;.,y^:;'; 'r"^{- 'i'-^''' "i^' -,:
;i"".«»"".s. One dav J ,Hran I ' m f H ''' • "^'."'l-'oter a 1
he,r.. ventures and nusHdvenLn.^,.;^^ on jul.rnna.e, and
"■ily Ills narrative one of L. T M,J,J1
""•^t ehannint,Males fur youn;,/folks" ^
SIBYL ; or, (Jkl Schuul Friends. I!v M v v
WithsixIlIu.strationsbyU.Kaiuey.'^
"lion Mtiy Baldwin'- Pui,,,!,,,- ri
^VHs ,nhli.l.e,! it was proi.: t d '^ n'e
of the hest stories for ^hls of the vea
I ore comes the .ser,„..l, i„ Ui'^h'' tte
ohi cliaractors reapp.-ar, wiser -...,1 ,.,.>,
■"Hti.re. yet not & inte Sin- ^ L eT
teitaimnj, in (heir sayings and d „'"'
;Sil yi passes throu-li a period of t ■ al'
;»teome,so„, triumphant and strong
in ciiaracter than ever. There is tju
eha'e ."'"";•: T""' ^\^T ^'-<el.hi//o
uiai,ut,u \\hioh nia<Ie A P„„i(lar llirl
« ol.Khtfu reading.. The stronu^f i se e
.,, ^ T' '■"'•'' '' '''-'' '''e-'i' <'f ciiaracter
•'^"'•'•""•''•et IS presented to the reade,
3/6
■ly to
nto a
Id 1)9
lot of
it is
/■Vow Ca^
3/6
ir^
10
BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION.
From Peter the riLcaiui. 3/6
The six chiltlien of a iimsical genius are left alone in the world to
li--lit tiicir wav, and this story liiveH a narrative of their brave
emloavours in 'a London ilat. Tliey are a clever and attractive
Kronit: Philipna, .stately and dignilied, with clear-cut aquiline
■ features and dark hair ; pretty and soft-
eyed and golden-haired Hope, all unselfish
anxiety for the good of others ; Tlieo, witii
an air Of distinction and a clever and in-
teresting face ; sagacious Madge, ever alert
and quick to act; and the hoys Stephen
an(l Bernard. How each meniher of the
family used his or her gifts for the benefit
of the family and the outside world is here
pleasantly developed in a story which is
bright and sparkling and full of natural
charm.
QUEEN ROSE. By L. T. Meade. 3/6
With six Illustrations by J. T. ^Murray.
'A capital story for giils— a thoughtful
and well-develope'd talQ.'—Scotsincm.
JJ JACK AND BLACK : A Tale of School
Life and Advcutuie. By Andrew
Home. 3/6
With six Illustrations by Harold Copi)ing.
' Full of life and ' ' go, " '—Standard.
A PLUCKY GIRL ; or, The Adventures of ' Miss Nell.' 3/6
By May Baldwin. With six Hlustrations by Jessie ]\[acgregor.
' Plenty of fun and shrewd humour in the writing. ^Vill prove an
immense favourite. ' — Ladies' Field.
LOGAN THE MINGO : A Story of the Frontier. 3/6
By Edward S. Ellis. With numerous Illustrations.
'The tale has much of the vigour of Feniniore Cooper's fictions.'
A POPULAR GIRL: A Tale of School Life in fJonuany. 3/6
By May Baldwin. With six Illustrations by Jessie Wilson.
• It is a healthy, happy story— there are tears and smiles, tunes of
8adne.ss and gladness. —iVcjt'casi/c Leader.
COSEY CORNER; or, How they Kept a Farm. By L. T. IMeade
With eigliteen Illustrations by Percy Tarrant. ^ 3/6
it$g],|„,„ ),„s, ^f,.,H ISre.ade's exceptional capacity for \yriting
children's stories been employed with better results than in the
charming tale she calls Cosci/ Corner.'— Liverpool Mercury.
BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION.
11
Aiul other .Stories.
3/6
•MV PRETTY' AND HER BROTHER 'TOO.'
"y MVH MOLICSWORTII.
Cliamii.^riy liJi,,t,,ited by Lewis Eaunier
'"•'•'i^' '"■•! .-u. oldor public itlljF:,!.'/;^ '"-''' '^'"'^^■^ '^''""''i''^ «irl
JERRY DODDS, MILLIONAIRR • \ y i i a-
nn.i M,.t.,; %Ktl^::,i^:"-^ ^-•^' «^ ^^^-i"-^
With .IX JTustralions by Harold Coppin<r ^^^
l".::SX3i::l ^'^"""'-''^" ^'"-l-' ^^^^^ adve„fc„re.'-iV««.«,.
tharnnngly Illustrated by LoMis JJuunier ^'^
«ll-.ir.'S'"'' "''tI "''»,''"SS«fi'« title l,a, „„ dm,™ ,!„,.., ,,'ot
ifv ,A''?<"i'*'"'S «f THE AMAZON.
"y ' . li. iVENYON. 3 g
With Hix Illustratious by Arthur
•A Muillin^ tale of adventure, in
fhir, Mm,o old clninis, in the seaid,
!"!' tlio rncHH treasure in tiie Andes
Vyu'iw. (I little steani-launcli for tlie
Iiaviii/i,(i(,n of the Amazon and some of
UN f.M.derM Their whole course teems
Willi r<-inarkahle experiences.'— ^<>w;/»«-
/I'on Ihnlii Gazrttc.
THE STORY OF A SCHOOL CONSPIRACY.
'\y ANr)HI5W HoMK. 3/6
With twelv.. llliistratioiis by A. ^fnnro.
'"tr, ':;';i'^'S;i,°!A,:'«;i':';i!' !■'•■! ' ■". wH..«.w.
Fmm SiDvi,.
„.,„.,,,,, .. ' '^^'■■•"M "1 ii uei! i-iai(l 1) (It and ')f !nirl.vf.i,U1>
12
BOOKS FOB PRIZES AND PRESENTATION.
hK i
!( i<
THE BOYS AND I: A Child's Story for Children. '3/6
By ]\Irs JMoLEswoiiTii. With seventeen Illustrations by Lewis
Baunier. Uniform with Hoodie and Ilermy.
' There is fascination for every child in sucli a story as tliis, and
cliildren of all ages will thank ns for
advising tlieni to read llie tale and to
inspect its pictnres by Lewis Daunier.'—
Literary World.
THE SPY IN THE SCHOOL: A Tale of
Two Chums. 3/6
15y Andrew Home. With six Illus-
trations by W. .J. Uniuhart.
' Tiie best points of Mr Home's book lie
in the emiilii.'H! way in which he drives
lionie the virtues of iionotir, modesty, and
unseUishness by the deeds of his boys.'—
Gla-sijow Mail.
THE UNJUST STEWARD; or, The
■Minister's Do])t. 3/6
By Mrs Olipiiant. With six Illus-
trations by J. Finnemore.
Frmn . -i ■
TheDauohtkrs of a GENiua 3/6 ' Mrs Oliphant was never more happily m-
spired than in writing this story.' — Scotsman.
A GOOD-HEARTED GIRL ; or, A Prcsent-Day Heroine. 3/6
By Emma jMausiiall, Author of Ahiyail Te)i)pleton, &c. With
six Illustrations by J. Finnemore.
'Well told and delightfully healthy in tone.'— Cor/j Examiner.
THE WHITE PRINCESS OF THE HIDDEN CITY. 3/6
By David Lawson Johnstone. With six Illustrations by
W. Boucher.
•All hoys will be fascinated by Mr Johnstone's brilliantly written
and fascinating romance.'— G/frs/zoit) Daily Mail.
BELLE. By the Autlun- of Laddie. 3/6
With six Illustrations b}'' G. Ni'iolet.
' As a story for girls Belle will score an instantaneous and well-
deserved success.' — Vanity Fair.
NIC REVEL: A White Slave's Adventures in Alligator Land. 3/6
By G. Manville Fenn. Illustrated by W. H. C. Groome.
'Will prove absolutely irresistible to the imagination of the
average boy.' — Glasgow Daily Mail.
TATION.
ren. '3/6
istrations by Lewis
a story as this, and
will tliank \is for
ad tlie tale and to
»y Lewis IJaumer.' —
HOOL: A Tale of
3/6
. With six Illus-
jKiuliart.
' Mr Home's book lie
ill which he drives
lonoiiv, modesty, and
deeds of his hoys.' —
WARD ; or, The
3/6
. With .SIX llhis-
emore.
ever more liappily in-
lis story.' — Scotsiiian.
Heroine. 3/6
Dpleton, &c. With
—Cork Examiner.
'Y. 3/6
ix Illustrations by
e's brilliantly written
r
3/6
dantaneons and well-
\lli,Uator Land. 3/6
H. C. Groonie.
imagination of the
BOOKS FOR PHIZES AND PRESENTATION.
13
3/6
HERMY. Ey Mrs Molbsworth.
^f \f;^-nteen Illustrations by Lewis Baumer.
^^^.Ceitam to hnd a lar^e circle of fr.ends waiting for her. '- F.,.y^
' % '^^ K^^Sif ^f f r^ ^-«^- i.^ Central Asia.
'^'''''^^^'i ''y J- I^inneniore. o/c
2>.i;;Sr""''"'» "^ ^'- ^''-" "^ - -al book of travels.'-
BILLY BINKS-HERO T'.v Cn^ t>
^^^^^^^ by W. if. aLr;on.f "™"'- 3/6
HOODIE. By Mrs MoLEswoHTi,.
Yorlli^i"^^ ''-''' '^ '^'^' ^--y tender, and delightfully funny.'-
YOUNG DEN YS: - Storv ^f tb t^
of Xapohv . ■ '^^^^^''^ftheDays
By Elea . , . p^„,. ^y.^^^ (
Illustrations by G. Nkoht.
TWO BOY TRAMPS. By J Mac-
nONALD OXLEY. g/g
With six Illustrations by H Sand-
ham. *^ ^'
cJ^V n""^'J'""^""'>' »"•"' tale.'—
Sp/iool Board Chronicle.
THE REBEL COMMODORE (Paul Jones)
lieing Memoirs of the Earlier Adven-
tiire.s of Sir Ascott Dalrymple. 3/6
By T). Lawson John'stoxe. With
SIX Illustrations by W. Boucher.
' It is a good story, full of hair-
breadth escapes an.I perilous adventures. '-ro.Z}«.y
ROBIN REDBREAST By Mrs Moleswouth.
With SIX original Illustrations bv Robort Barnes
From Seven Maids. 6/
3/6
14
BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION.
PRISONER AMOIJG PIRATES. By David Ker. .3/6
With six lllusliations hy W. S. Stacey.
' \. singularly good story, calculated to encourage what is noble
and naiily in ho^js.'—Athc'nmim.
JOSIAH MASON : A BIOGRAPHY. 3/6
By John Tiiackuay Buncb. With
Portrait and Illustrations.
FOUR ON AN ISLAND: A Story of
Adventure. By L. T. :Meade. 3/6
With six original Illustrations by W.
Kainey
'This is a very bright description of
modern Criisoes. '—GrajMc.
IN THE LAND OF THE GOLDEN PLUME :
A Tale of xklventure. By V. L. John-
stone. 3/6
With six Illustrations by W^. S. Stacey.
'Most thrilling, and excellently worked
out.'— Graphic.
THE DINGO BOYS ; or, The Squatters of
Wallaby Range. 3/6
By George Manville Fenn. W^ith six original Illustrations
by W. S. Stacey.
THE CHILDREN OF WILTON CHASE. By L. T. Meade. 3/6
With six Illustrations by Everard Hopkins.
'lioMi entertaining and instructive.' — Spectator.
THE PAKA'OiSE OF THE NORTH: A Story of Discovery and
Adventure around the Pole. By D. Lawson Johnstone. 3/6
With fifteen Illustrations by W. Ijouchcr.
'Marked by a Verne-like fertility of i&ncy.'— Saturday Review.
THE RAJAH OF DAH. By George IVIanvillb Fenn. 3/6
With six Illustrations by W. S. Stacey.
From Grit and Go. 5/
Price 3s.
THE WHITE KAID OF THE ATLAS. By J. Maclaren Cobban.
With six Illustrations by W. S. Stacey. 3/
' A well-iold tale of adventure and daring in Morocco.'— /wi/Jec/o/
and Asiatic Quarterli/ Review.
STATION.
I. .3/6
ourage what is noble
JIOGRAPHY. 3/6
AY EUNCE. With
ations.
ND: A Story of
T. INIeade. 3/6
Illustrations by W.
bright description of
E GOLDEN PLUME :
re. By D. L. John-
3/6
)ns by W. S. Stacey.
d excellently worked
or, The Squatters of
3/6
riginal Illustrations
L. T. Meade. 3/6
itor.
7 of Discovery and
N Johnstone. 3/6
—Saturdmj Review.
LE Fenn. 3/6
I^KS FOR PRIZES AND i RESENT ATION,
[Maclaren Cobban.
3/
n Morocco.' — Imperial
15
SWEPT OUT TO SPA 1) I^
witi, .six mL^t tv S Vrto ?'"■■ . 3/
'Crowded wifl, .. i I^ , ^^"" 'Vnnii.i'ton. '
THE -HOVER'S- QUEST • [ s „ •■".>■».■-&*„„„,
Symingto,,. ■ ^^■"' ■'"•'' III"stn,tion» l,y J. Ajton
Vi'."''™"^' *'■"<' """ "■«'■« '» ■"" a .lull |»g. ,•„ tl,e ,,„„,<,_
A DAUGHTER OF THE KLEPHT«.
Giwce. "" KI-EPHTS; or, A Gi,! „f Jio,|„„
-S'€IS?--«s
J"^ARGONAUtS
A SOLDIER OF THE LEGION o/
J5y J)AVin Lawson JonxsToxE With
seventeen Illustration.s by ^y. Bouchn'
'jSiS.' '"■ ^'"'''^ ^'"agination. 'Jr^"
THE BLUE BALLOON: A Tale of the
•Shenandoah Valley. 3/
% Reginald Horslev. With six
Illustrations by W. S. Stacey.
. ' We have seldom read a finer tnlp T*- ^'''"" '^"^^ncoNAUTa of the
16
BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION.
Price 2s. 6d.
LASSIE AND LADDIE : A Story for little Lads and Lassies. 2/6
By ]\Iahy I). ]>RiNE. With numerous Illustrations.
'Its small personages are drawn witli delightful efl'ecfc.' — Dundee
Advertiser.
MORE ANIMAL STORIES. Edited by Roheut Cociihank. 2/6
Tncludini^' liab and his Friends, by
])r John ih'own. Fully Illustrated.
CELIA'S CONQUEST. J!y L. E. Tidde-
MAN. 2/6
With four Page Illustrations by J.
Wilson.
' It is a capital book for a girl.' — Seofs-
VlfDI.
NANCY'S FANCIES: A Story about
Children. 2/6
liy E. L. Haverfield, Author of Our
Vow, On TruKf, &c. With four lUus-
trations by Percy Tarrant.
' A very delightful story for children.
Nancy is simply charming.' — Neio Age.
GREYLING TOWERS : A Story for the Young. 2/6
By Mrs Molesworth. With seventeen Illustrations by Percy
Tarrant.
'A family of real live children, full of fun and adventure.' —
Birmivgha m Gazette.
MABEL'S PRINCE WONDERFUL ; or, A Trip to Story-land. 2/6
By W. E. CuLE. Forty charming Illustrations by W. J. Mein.
'A very clever little book for children.' — Outlook.
FOUR HUNDRED ANIMAL STORIES. 2/6
Selected and edited by R. Cochrane. Profusely Illustrated.
'Boys and girls fond of animals will find tliis hook a perfect
treasure. ' — Peojyle's Friend.
ELSIE'S MAGICIAN. By Fred Whisiiaw. 2/6
With ten Illustrations by Lewis Baumer.
'This is a delicate and captivating little tale.' — To-Day.
From
MoRK Animal Storiks.
2/6
TTATION.
and Lassies. 2/6
; rations.
itfiil eOect. ' — Dundee
UOCIIUANK. 2/6
I Ids Friends, by
'ully Illustrated.
JJy L. E. TiDDK-
2/6
Uustvations l)y J.
k for a girl.' — Scots-
A Story about
2/6
r.D, Author of Onr
With four lUus-
rrant.
story for cliihheii.
ling.' — Xcw Age.
2/6
istrations by Percy
n and adventure.' —
to Story-land. 2/6
)ns by W. J. Mem.
ook.
2/6
sely Illustrated,
this book a perfect
2/6
'—ToDatj.
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ROMANCE OF COMMERCE.
'^'' iifteen "'"
lustrations.
By J. Macdonald
m.K\.
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Birmingham Gazette. "^"^^'^t- ■ • • Told with great spirit. '-
THE ROMANCE OF INDUSTRY amh /xtt,.,.,
"^r^r 1" "''■■""" '"Sol. '''-'^\t
2/6
W itli four Illustrations by W. Rainey
'A charming story. ... A canitai
antidote to tl.e un'rest that inSs
.yonrig tolks that seek for some meat
t nnjr to do, whiie the great thin^ for
'SS.!:'^''''-^"''-^'^*^^-irhome°'
VANISHED ; ov^ The Strange Adventures
ot Arthur Hawkesleigh. By J)av,d
Illustrated by W. Boucher. '
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ADVENTURE AND ADVENTURERS
Being True Tales of Daring, Peril,'
and Heroism. With Illustrations. 2/6
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fiction.'— ZfriVM Wcc/,-li/ "
\\ ith four Illustrations by Poberfc Barnes. '^
2/6
^'•o»i Mis.s BouvEniE. 5/
B
18
BOOKS FOB PRIZES AND PRESENTATION.
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With four Illustrations by H. A. Bone.
'The book is an extremely clever one.'
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THE LOST TRADER ; or, The Mystery of
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By Henry Frith. With four Illustra-
tions by W. Boucher.
'Mr F'ith writes good sea-stories, and
this is tiie best of them tliat we have
\gm\.'— Academy.
BASIL WOOLLCOMBE, MIDSHIPMAN.
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THE NEXT-DOOR HOUSE. By ^Irs
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' I venture to predict for it as loving a
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COSSACK AND CZAR. By D. Ker. Illustrated by W. S. Stacoy. 2/6
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THROUGH THE FLOOD : The Story of an Out-of-the-way Place.
By EsMB Stuart. With Illustrations. 2/6
' A brio-ht story of two girls, and shows how goodness rather than
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WHEN WE WERE YOUNG. By Mrs O'Reilly. 2/6
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ROSE AND LAVENDER. By the Author ol Laddie, Tip-Cat, &c.
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JOAN AND JERRY. By Mrs O'Reilly. 2/6
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From,
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an be recommended
19
^ We!?""!? ^^NC«MEN; or, R^i^i77^^i^~~^
equally ^.uta'l^t'-ywic's'Xr ''''^'"■' '''^''"■''' "'' '•'"■'^'•^- '-»'^' i«
LIVES OF LEADING NATURALISTS P rr a
SON. Illustrated. '^'-Ai-15»TS. By H. Allkvne Xichol-
BENEFICENT AND USEFUL LIVES r ■ ■ . ^'^
bury, (Jeor-o Poal.n.lv a T i, <- «"'I"''«i"K Lord Sliaftes-
GREAT THINKERS AND WORKPR<j t> • ., .
Carlyle, Lord Amstrom S T "'^ *'".m^^^'^'^ ^^ T^'°'"'^''
Illustrations. o '«
n 1?"'' ,"[*''«'"««* fitting presents for
a thoughtful boy that we have on.e
across:— Revieif) of Reviews.
RECENT TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE
Illustrated. Cloth. 2 '6
' It is wonderful how much that is of
ahsorbinfr interest has been packed into
this small xohuw.''— Scotsman.
LITERARY CELEBRITIES; Being brief
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Illustrated. 2/6
GREAT HISTORIC EVENTS. The Con
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Kevolution, the Crusades, the Conquest
of Mexico, Napoleon's Russian Campaign. Illustrated. 2/6
"'tTZ"^ I '^''^?.\T^^^' ^^^^- "f Oliver Cromwell, Washing-
ton, Napoleon, and Wellington. Illustrated. 2/6
80
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YOUTH'S COMPANION AND COUNSELLOR.
IIKRH, liL.D.
By William Ciiam-
2/6
TALES FOR TRAVELLERS. 2 volumes, eacli 2/6
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ANTHONY EVERTON. By J. S. Fletcher. 2/
With Frontispiece by MiuTiiy Smitli.
Mr J. S. Fletcher, some of whose previous works show that he
in at home in the reign of Charles TL, here follows the fortunes of
Anthony Everton during a stirring and troublesome time. Master
Tatham's ward no sooner leaves home at the age of seventeen than
ho is plnnged into a series of startling adventures, in which he
passes through unheard-of dangers, and performs valorous deods
which bring him under the nolice of Lord
Strafford and the King, by whom he is
knighted. The author, who is a past-
master in narratives of this kind, is here,
iiy his brisk and graphic narrative, quite
as successful as ever in encnaining the
interest of the reader.
THROUGH THICK AND THIN: The
Story of a School Campaign. 2/
By Andrew Home. With four Illus-
trations hy W. Rainey.
'This is just the kind of book for boys
to rave over ; it does not cram moral
axioms down their throats ; the char-
acters act them instead.' — Glasgoio Daily
Mail.
From Anthony Everton. 2/
OUTSKERRY: The Story of an Island.
By Helen Waters. 2/
With four Illustrations by R. Burns.
' The diversion provided is varied beyond exiiectation (and indeed
Ijelief). We read of an " Arabian Nigiit's Entertainment," but here
is enough for an Arctic night.' — The Times.
BOOKS FOB PRIZES AND PliESENTA TWN.
21
HUGH MELVILLE'S QUEST- \ I- .,'. v i .
\V itli lour Jilustratioiis hy W. iJuuclicr. '
Olio siiii; to .loli^'Iit joimy
yf ',
ttti
'A rofrosl.inj,', stinin^r Ht,„.y _ ,
I'o.v.s iiiul youijy gi.J.s Loo. '-Sjwdutor
THISTLE AND ROSE % Amy Walton.
lllustmled by K. Uanies. 2/
'Is aa desimhle a present to make (o
PRINCESS AND FAIRY; or, The Wonders
ol rsature. Ijy Lily .Mahtyn. 2/
\\itli sixty-eight Illustrations l,y ^y
Kaiiicy, &c.
'A cl.anuindy writte,, an.l illustmte.l
hUje^riffc.booL'-T. 1'. U'CuNNoii in
ROBINSON CRUSOE. By Daniel Defok
frontispiece by W. Raincy. 2/
THE SWISS FAMILY ROBINSON. Their
Life and Adventures on a Desert Island
Profusely Illustrated. 2/
TWO GREAT POETS (Shakespeare and Tennyson). Illustrated. 2/
SOME BRAVE BOYS AND GIRLS. By Edith C. Kenyon 2
.i.'k'^£i.S^;iS ""' '-''' '^'^'' "^y '-^" >^«3. and
BUNYAN'S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. With Index; and Prefatory
Memoir by Rev. John Brown, D.D., Bedford. 7l
Illustrated by J. D. Watson '
BRUCE'S TRAVELS. Through part of Africa. Syria, E.ypt and
Arabia, into Abyssinia. Illustrated. "^^ ' 2/
f,..2:ss^^.£/'j;-%^^^- volume is full of fascination and
"'^y'^^V Z^l^^:;7^ ''-'■' -^°^^- Tales.
/•Vwn I.ooAN THE Mini.o. 3/6
»
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THE LIFE AND TRAVELS OF MUNGO PARK IN AFRICA. With
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Positiuu of Alluiis iu the ^s'iger Teriitury. 2/
' Few boolvH of travel Iiave ncciuued ho
speoily and exteiiMive a ie[>utalioii as thia
of iWk'H.'— Thomas Caulyle.
TWO ROYAL LIVES: Queen Victuiia,
William 1. 2/
FOUR GREAT PHILANTHROPISTS : Loitl
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TWO GREAT AUTHORS. Lives of Scott
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' Youtliful readers will find these acconnt.s
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three Scotch literary yiants full of interest.'
— Schoolmaster.
EMINENT ENGINEERS: Watt, Stephen-
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were devoutly to he wished that >()ung jteople would take delight
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TALES OF TH^, GREAT AND BRAVE. By M. F. Tvtler. 2/
A collection of interesting biographies and anecdotes of great men
an<l women of history, in the style of Scott's Tales of a Grandfather^
written hy a niece of the historian of Scotland.
GREAT WARRIORS : Nelson, Wellington, Napoleon. 2/
•One of the most instructive hooks published this season.'—
Liverpool Mercury.
HEROIC LIVES : Livingstone, Stanley, Gordon, and Dundonald. 2/
' It would be difficult to name four other lives in which we find
more enterprise, adventure, achievement. . . . The book is sure to
please.' — Leeds Mercury.
HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE ; being Biographical Sketches
of Lord Clive, founder of British supremacy in India ; Captain
John Smith, founder of the colony of Virginia; the Good Knight
Bayard ; and Garibaldi, the Italian patriot. Illustrated. 2/
FAMOUS MEN. Illustrated. 2/
Biographical Sketches of Lord Dundonald, George Stephenson,
11
1 TION.
AFRICA. With
er uu llio i'reaeiit
2/
liiivc ncfiiiiied so
it'iiulation as tluH
ULVLK.
Queen Yictui'ift,
2/
HROPISTS : Lord
Poubody, John
Illustrated. 2/
, Lives of iScott
2/
fiiul these accounts
utli of two of the
tils full of interest.'
Watt, .Stephen "
Hey. 2/
loukl read it, for it
ie educational. It
ivould take deliylit
F. Tytler. 2/
jdotes of great men
sofa Grandfather,
leon. 2/
led this season.' —
d Dundonald. 2/
IS in which we find
he hook is sure to
graphical Sketches
in India ; Captain
the Good Knight
Uustrated. 2/
2/
5eorge Stephenson,
BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION.
23
«;wSt°s»h':^ist;::;i„%';"' ^■-"'•. ««..«= «•»«„«.„„,
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•y every young
LIFE OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. Tllustratod.
'A fine oxanipje of attractive hio-'rai.hical wiifinrr
a.Idress, "The Way to Wealth,'' sl3 hi ^'^a"!"
man u. the \iiu\:,dom.'-Tcacl,ev/Aid. '
EMINENT WOMEN, and Tales for Girls. Illustrated. 2/
^
^US
Prince
WohderfulJ.
Aid.
TALES FROM CHAMBERS'S Ji tUPNAL. 4 vok. each
i-omiirise interesting
short stories hy James
Payn, Hngh Conway, \).
Christie Muriay, AValter
Thornhury, G. Manville
Jenn, Button Cook, J.
B. Harwood, and other
popular writers.
BIOGRAPHY, EXEMPLARY
AND INSTRUCTIVE. 2/
Edited by W. Chamuehs,
LL.D.
The Editor gives in this
volume a selection of bio-
graphies of those who,
while exemplary in their
nrivate lives, became the
heneffvctors of their species
by the still more exem-
plary efforts of their in-
tellect.
OUR ANIMAL FRIENDS—
tlie Dog, Cat, Horse,
and Elephant. 2/
With numerous Illustra-
tions.
AILIE GILROY. By W.
Chambeus, LL.D. 2/
2/
1 Ky
Storyl=ahd.
ILLUSTRATED
BY
W/i^. G. Mein.
W& R.CHAMBERS.LiMiTED.
LONDON AND EOINBUHCH
FroiM Mahki.'s Pkini'k Wondkiu ui,. 2/6
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'WBfS
if'^
24
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MARITIME DISCOVERY AND ADVENTURE. Illustrated.
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SHIPWRECKS AND TALES OF THE SEA.
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famous shipwrecks, wilh otlier tales of
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as well as the records of adherence to duty,
contained in this volume cannot but be of
service. ' — Practical Teacher.
MISCELLANY OF INSTRUCTIVE AND
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10 vols., each 2/
Tliese Tracts comprise Tales, Poetry,
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From Qi-KKN Ko.se
Price IS. 6d.
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DOROTHY DOT. I}y Elizabeth Westyn Timloav. 1/6
With Illustrations by Harriet Roosevelt Richards.
'A humorous story with a charming heroine of six years'—
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GRACE AYTON, and otlier Stories for Girls. 1/6
By ]\Irs Lynn Linton, A. B. Edwakds, and W. IMov Thomas.
FIVE VICTIMS : A Schoolroom Story. By M. Bramston. 1/6
With Frontispiece hy TI. A. Bone.
ELIZABETH; or, Cloud and Sunshine. By ITenley L Arden.
W^ith Frontispiece hy H. A. Bone. "^ i/6
THROUGH TORM AND STRESS. By J. S. Fletcher. i/6
With Frontispiece by W. S. Stacey.
5NLEY I, AlJDEN.
noOKS FOE PRIZES AND PItESENTA TION. 25
BUN VAN'S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS , \ ' "^^ ^^•'''>- ^^^
SWISS FAMILY ROBINSON J^y^-M.KN^. 1/6
SKETCHES OF ANIMAL LIFE AND HABITS '^'
'!y Ani.UKW \V,l«oX, Pli.Jj., ,V, HABITS. jyg
RAILWAYS AND RAILWAY MEN
THE BUFFALO HUNTERS, and other Tales !!«
TALES OF THE COASTGUARD. an,l other Stones. '
THE CONSCRIPT, and other Tales ^
THE DETECTIVE OFFIfFR i < lu ^^^
1/6
THE OOLD-SEEKERS. and other Tales. 1/6
^"sl)"r^ OF LEASCOMBE, and other
THE ITALIAN'S CHILD, and other Tales 1/6
KINDNESS TO ANIMALS. ^a
J!y W. CiiAMiiKRs, LL.I). '
THE MIDNIGHT JOURNEY. i/6
|{y Lkitoii Ritchie.
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THE RIVAL CLERKS, and other Tales. 1/6
ROBINSON CRUSOE. j/g
PARLOUR TALES AND STORIES T^v A M Q
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- /'COHl
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lit'
.»
!! .
26
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TALES OF ADVENTURE.
1/6
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From Dorothy Dot. 1/6 -By K. CHAMBERS, LL.D., and others.
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TENNYSON : The Story of his Life. By Evan J. Cuthbertson. 1/
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QUEEN VICTORIA : The Story of her Life and Reign, 1/
LORD SHAFTESBURY AND GEORGE PEABODY. Portraits. 1/
WILLIAM L, GERMAN EMPEROR, AND HIS SUCCESSORS. 1/
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VAT ION.
ARGEANT, FuANCES
1/6
D OLD. 1/6
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s.
1/6
1/6
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1/6
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27
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!, L.L.A. 1/
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1/
THOMAS ALVA EDISON. Jjy E. C. Kknvon.
THE STORY OF WATT AND STEPHENSON.
THE STORY OF NELSON AND WELLINGTON.
GENERAL GORDON AND LORD DUNDONALD.
THOMAS TELFORD AND JAMES BRINDLEY.
LIVINGSTONE AND STANLEY.
COLUMBUS AND COOK : Ti. 8tor, of ti.eir Lives and Voyages
THE STORY OF THE LIFE OF SIR WALTER SCOTT
ijy KoBERT Chambers, LL.I).
THE STORY OF HOWARD AND OBERLIN.
THE STORY OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE.
1/
1/
V
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
From The Sqi'irp/.^ Little Girl. 1;
PERSEVERANCE AND SUCCESS: Tl.e Life of Willian, Hutton 1/
STORY OF A LONG AND BUSY LIFE. By W. CiiAMBERs. 1/
STORIES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.
THE SQUIRE'S LTfTrc /^tdt t^ ^ t t-
With Frontispiece by A. G. Small.
'An amusing and interesting tale of country Mi^.^-Scotsman.
1/
l!1
-1
28
BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION.
LASSIE. By the Auth(jr of La<hUe, Tip-Cat, &c. 1/
AVitli Fronlispiece by Jessie Wilson.
COLA MONTI ; or, The Stoiy of a Genius. 1/
By the Author of John Halifax, Gentleman.
WONDERFUL STORIES FOR CHILDREN.
iiy Hans C. Andersen. 1/
FIRESIDE AMUSEMENTS; A Douk of
Indoor Games. 1/
THE STEADFAST GABRIEL. By Mary
How ITT. 1/
GRANDMAMMA'S POCKETS. By Mrs 8.
C. Hall. i/
THE SWAN'S EGG. By Mrs S. C.
Hall. 1/
i^rom Lassik. 1/ MUTINY OF THE 'BOUNTY,' and LIFE
OF A SAILOR BOY. 1/
DUTY AND AFFECTION ; or, The Drummer-Boy. 1/
Being a collection of the best English
1/
THE CHILDREN OF MELBY HALL. By M. and J. M'Kean. 1/
Tliese talks and stories of plant and animal life afford simple
lessons on the importance of ' Eyes an.l No Eyes,' and s'low what
an imn.ense niterest the study of natural liistorv, even in its
snnplest forms, will produce in the minds of young folks.
A FAIRY GRANDMOTHER; or, Madge Ridd, a Little London
"Waif. By L. E. Tidoeman, Author of A Humhle Heroine. 1/
MARK WESTCROFT, CORDWAINER. By F. S. Potter. 1/
A HUMBLE HEROINE. By L. E. Tiddeman. 1/
BABY JOHN. By the Author of Laddie, Tin-Cat, .m. 1/
FAMOUS POETRY
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STATION.
JC. 1/
1/
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KN. 1/
JTS; A IJuuk of
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1/
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1/
)UNTY,' ami LIFE
1/
y^. 1/
the best English
1/
rl J. M'Kean. 1/
il life afford simple
lyes,' and s'.iow what
history, even in its
itig folks.
, a Little London
'mhle Heroine. 1/
BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATTON.
29
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Jat, .^c.
1/
1/
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THE GREEN CASKET. By M.s Moleswokth.
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THE BEWITCHED LAMP. By Mrs Molksworth.
ERNEST'S GOLDEN THREAD. By Eoith C. Kexvok.
LITTLE MARY. By L. T. Meade.
THE LITTLE KNIGHT. By Edith C. Kknyon.
WILFRID CLIFFORD. By Edith C. Kenvon.
ZOE. By the Author of Tip-Caf, Laddie, &c.
UNCLE SAM'S MONEY-BOX. By Mrs S. C. Hall.
THEIR HAPPIEST CHRISTMAS. By Edna Lyall.
1/
1/
v
V
V
V
1/
V
V
V
Price pd.
Cloth, Illustrated.
YOUNG KING ARTHUR.
By Violet Brooke Hunt.
THE LITTLE CAPTIVE KING.
FOUND ON THE BATTLEFIULD.
ALICE ERROL, and other Tales.
THE WHISPERER. By Mrs S. C. Hall. THE LITTLE ROEi.KSON.
TRUE HEROISM, and other Stories. MIDSUMMER HOLIDAY.
PICCIOLA. and otlier Tales. MY BIRTHDAY BOOK.
TWELFTH NIGHT KING.
By Mary Gorges.
JOE FULWOOD'S TRUST.
PAUL ARNOLD.
CLEVER BOYS.
rjiHM***'w"i"iivinMai
,10
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Price 6d,
Clotli, \vith lUustrationa.
'For good literature at a clieap rate, coiMinenfl us to a little seiic;-'
published Ity \V. & It. Clia:nbers, whi. ii cousiscs cf a number of
readable stories l>y good wrltens.' — Review of.Uevi'i>vs.
YAP ! Y/IP I The Story of Teddy's Doggy. By E. C. Ken v on.
MOLLY AHD RJ.JTHER. y\y L. E. Tiddeman.
DADDY'S DA.'JING. p.y L. E. Tiddeman.
CASSIE, nnd LITTLE MARY. liy L. T. Meadk.
A LONELY PUPPY, an.l THE TAMBOURINE GIRL. I>v L. T. Meade.
LEO'S POST-OFFICE. By Mrs Molesworth.
GERALD AND DOT. P.y Mrs Fairbairn.
KITTY AND HARRY. By Emma Gellibrand, Author of J. Cole.
DICKORY DOCK. By L. T. INIicade, Author of Scamp and I, &c.
FRED STAMFORD'S START IN LIFE. By Mrs Fairbairn.
NESTA : or, Fragments of a Little Life. By Mrs Molesworth.
NIGHT-HAWKS. By the Hon. Eva KnatciibullHugessen.
A FARTHINGFUL. By L. T. Meade.
POOR MISS CAROLINA. By L. T. Meade.
THE GOLDEN LADY. By L. T. Meade.
MALCOLM AND DORIS ; or, Learning to Help. By Davin A Waterson.
WILLIE NICHOLLS ; or. Fiilso Rhamn and Trno Rbnpv
SELF-DENIAL. Bv Miss Edoewortii.
ITATION
us to a little sejirw
sists (,f ;i. number of
E. C. Ken VON.
L. ';v L. T. Meade,
\ntlior of J. Cole,
amp and I, &c.
Fairbairn.
tolesworth.
r.- Hug ESSEN.
D AVIN A WATERSON.
THE
NINETEENTH CENTURY
SERIES.
Just Published,
Price 5/- each net.
ii
An
interesting and
intellectual sQi of
books."-sco,.™.„.
PROGRESS OF NEW ZEALAND IN THE CENTURY
■~''"f%3s=;ss
PROGRESS OF GANAOA IN THE CENTURY.
By J. CASTELL HOPKINS F s «;
:ff2»«=i«»5Sl:=^^^ .„.
LITERATURE OF THE CENTURY.
Contents— Prelude
' Ndvcl— Ijiter Novo,,.-.u)—
Coiitiiient-Germany-Praiiee
By Professor A. B. de MILLE,
no Nov,;l^J^t;ri;^„Slpwr'-' "^ K"''>'"'tiHS,„,
M.A.
llosdplicTs and Cnti
Knglisl,
Knglia,in;;;,^;^!^'!!;,iJll':Z';-Infl„.„ce-
Italy a„d ^..Snl^^^-^rZ S,^^X:S^^^'^^'^-'i^i^^^
■Poetry—
on the
PROGRESS OF INDIA, JAPAN, AND CHINA
IN THE CENTURY.
■■■,».« Jfl'L^JfJ,;,.';''"-/''- R":"'"*" TEMPLE, B.«.
PBOCRESS OFlouriTwA IN THE CENTURy"
By GEORQE McCALL THEAL D "■-''lUnf.
— ^^— — ^-^— ''■"'■ —'•■■":i'i!f I7rra!i/.
RELIGIOUS PROGRESS OF THE CENTURY
By W. H. WITH ROW, M.A
:^i:^^^-^^^^^^^^^;;^^,,^.,.
'vcury.
Hi
i '
.1
i
.'111'
THE NINETEENTH CENTURY SERIES
Continued.
PROGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
IN THE CENTURY.
By WILLIAM P. TRKNT, M.A,, LL.D.
"A welcomo volume in tlio ' Nineteenth (Vntwi-y Heiios" l>y iine wlin lias the liistoiie sense an.l realises the
value til the Wdild nf the American example of self Bnvernnient."— yVic Oiitlmk:
INVENTIONS IN THE CENTURY.
By WILLIAM H. DOOLITTLE.
"America has tancht ua enough in the way of inventions to make the suhjeet of this volutne of hlBh llritlsh
interest."— 77ic txitlouk.
PROGRESS OF BRITISH EMPIRE IN THE CENTURY.
By JAMES STANLEY LITTLE.
He has sueccerlea well. His survey is a wi.le an.l comprehensive one ; moreover it is a serious ami honest
spective, the position in whiih the lintisli Kinpire found itself m the year KIOO. -
elTort to estimate, in true perspe
St Jcnnt'n'n (iazt'tti:
WARS OF THE CENTURY
AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY SCIENCE.
By OSCAR BROWNING. M.A.
"Tiin i,onU is nhlv written— a thorouL-hlv uooil ^'r.•lsp of the suhjeet-matter is manife.stcd throughout- and
sluu.l?prorlL selfvleelVe "lisit is u,,doi;.,tedly an interesting record of the most tragic phase of the .iepart.sl
centiu'y's activities."— (//<i,<;/"W J-:iTiiiii',i Xcws.
PROGRESS OF AUSTRALASIA IN THE
NINETEENTH CENTURY.
By T. A. COGHLAN, F.S.S., and THOMAS T. EWING. M.L.A.
"Rich in concise statistical information, and written, not without a proper literaiy inanner. it is true, hut
also with Imsiness-like hrevity and point, the volume is nmcli nmre solidly iiLstructive than such general
surveys usually iive,"-~!^eotsmnn.
CONTINENTAL RULERS IN THE CENTURY.
By PERCY M. THORNTON, LL B., M.P.
"As a lucid outline of European politics since the close of the old r.<gime Mr Thornton's hook is admirable."
-Pall Mall Uazettr.
ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS
OF THE CENTURY.
By HENRY de BELTGENS QIBBSN5, Lltt.D., M.A.
"Mr Oihhins seems to have ro.ad evervtliim; of impoit.ance, his industry is immense, his knowledge wide and
..l^'nd^^V^^sTrtl^ct faculty of condensation. St is hardly possih
n in these paRes of the economic history of Eiiu-land, the ■ industri.al revolution, tlio coming of mt u.oi. ,
sound
given in these pages of the economic history
the factory lecislation."_.V(i)'H()i.7 I.i'aiU'r
W. & R CHAMBERS, Limited. LONDON and EDINBURGH.
Y SERIES
OF AMERICA
D.
liisteric sense ami realises the
URY.
t nf llils vnliitiio of lil((li British
rHE CENTURY.
'over, it is a .serious and lionest
found itself in tlie year litOO."—
lY
\RY SCIENCE.
- iM inmiifcsteil Uirougliout-aiid
lost triigio phase of the ilcpiirti'<l
IN THE
WINa» M.L.A.
r literary manner, it is true, but
y iiLstructive tl.aii suili general
CENTURY.
H.P.
[r Thornton's hook is luiniimhle."
PROGRESS
t.D., M.A.
iiimonso. Ills kiiowleilge wide ami
ml a Iwttcr shn-t account than it
Mtiim,' the cnniiiin of frre tiaiif,
ind EDINBURGH.
A^
^1