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ifWpM«aMB^m*MpmMI<lili«ll<|*-. • <( .

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>--i

SENECA'S PROPHECY

AND ITS FULFILMENT.

A Mkmoriai, or A. D. 1897 and the Four Huvdredth Annivkrsary of I

THR t'lRST SlOHTINf; OK THK NoRTH-EaST CoasT OK NORTH AmKRICA,

BY John and Sebastian Cabot, Merchant Adventurers of the
City ok Bristok, Sailing under a Commission krom Kino Henry

VII, OK EN<iLAND.

BY THE

RKV. DR. SC ADDING

TORONTO :

THE COPP, CLARK COMPANY, LiMI'lED,

67 & 69 COLBORNB Strebi'.

1897.

1 i-'.

iHiiiiittttiiiiiiii^^

£.

//7

SENECA'S PROPHECY

AND ITS FULKIUIENT.

A Mkmoriai. ok A.I). IS97 a>ti> iiik Vuvv. Hindkkhth .Annivkrsary ok
THE First SiuHTiNt; ok thr North- East Covst ok North Amkrica,
BY John ani> Seba-stian Cabot, Mehchant Auventirkus of the
City of Brt-stol, Sailing ij.nder a Commission kkom Kin»j Henry

VII. OF EN(4I.ANI).

BY THE

KEV. DR. SCADDIXii

TORONTO :

THE COPP, CLARK COMPANY, LIMITED,

67 & 69 CoLBORNE Street.

1897.

tmrmm

SKNKCA'S rHOIMIECV

AND ITS FULFILMENT.

!^^

Havin(i chanut^d t<» acquire many yeaiH ago, whik' yet a lad at Hchool, a
copy of Washington Irving's " Lift; o( Cohiniluis, " I l»eeanu' fascinated with a
certain brief Latin tjuotation whicli appuared on its title {Mige, as a kind of
motto, implying an evident prophecy of the new world of America, delivered
sometime in the i'wui half of the firut < 'hristian century, by the Latin
philosopher and poet, Lucius Annieus Seneca.

Adopting, in the case of one woi'd, a reading for which there is good
authority and which for a reason given in ;i foot-note woulil seem to be the
true one,* the prophecy on the title page of Irving's ColumbuM may be ren-
dered into English with a little expatiHion as follows : " Late in time eras will
arrive when Oceunus himself may undo the bands wliidi contine human enter-
prises, and a vast land may be laid open to the general view, and Tethys,
spouse of Oceanus and mother by him of countless Oceanids, guardians of
islands in the sea, may disclose new spheres, and Thule may no more be
styled earth's utmost limit."

1 could not at the time of the reception of this prize grasp the full import
of the Latin motto icfened to, but 1 saw enough of its force to J)ecome greatly
interested in the contained prediction, and in the writer who iiad recorded it.
To such an extent was this carrietl that among the modest ornaments of my
chamber when a student at college figured a small bust of the philosopher and
poet, obtained from an Italian trader in such articles, albeit, that the <Jraces
had by no means been favourable to Seneca's general asj<ect, which harmonized
not badly with one's idea of a tutor of the tyrant Nero, and of a stoic of the
strictest school. To the interest in Seneca thus early excited is due the present
tribute to his memory, framed and put together in the midst of the new hem-
isphere which he so long ago was in vision permitted to Ijehold.

The passage occurs in a chorus to l)e found in the second act of a drama
entitled "The Medea." The speakers in the drama are supposed to be citizens
of Corinth who are greatly excited by troubles brought upon them in connec-
tion with the history of this Medea The old story of Jason's search after the

* The difference referred to is the einploymenl of the iiainc Tethya instead of that of
Typhis. The former harmonizes better with the personiflefl Oceanus, of whom Tethys was
supposed to be the spouse, whils- the hitter was the name of a pilot during; a portion of the
Arffonautic expedition which at the time of the supposed utterance of our prophecy was
already a past event.

[3]

/:^o

I
I

J !

4 SKNKrAH PHOPIIKCY

(ioldoii Kli>«'iM< is interwoven with the matter, iiixl the enthiiHiasni that hail
lieen ureatetl in favoui' of tlie iliHcoveryof new regionn hy hinil and nea i8 hmtlly
con<leinnei]. Vaiionn inHt.inceH are ^iven of copfn^ionH and enmitien *^^hat had
ahcady ariHt;n from a free intercourHe among Warharoua nations, )>ut worse
thin^'H were to l)e expected. The piopheey already described was then form-
ally jironounced hy tlie chorus.

" Veiiii-nt unriiH
8Htr> !a seris, (juihuH OeeanuH
Vincula reriiin laxet, et inveiiB
I'ateat tellUH, Teth,VMiHi|iie noviM
DeteKAt or)>es, nuc iit t«rri8
lltiniaThule."*

The Medea of Seneca was evidently constructed after the model of the
Medea of Kuripides, hut we do not observe in the latter drama a prophecy
of a like purport to that which is so remarkable in the former drama, although
the denouement of botii tragedies turns upon the conduct of Medea, her
cruelty to her own offspring, her vengeance upon her enemies, and her own
tinal escape into the region of space by means of her magic power as an
enchantress.

The tragedies of Seneca were translated at an early period into English,
and they were imitated in their plot and arrangement by a class of playwrights
who were styled from tliis circuiuHtance the Senecan school. Among these
writers were Sackville, l^ord Huckburst, and Norton, and other contrivers of
the pageants displayed before Queen Elizabeth on her visits to the Inns of
('ourt and elsewhere, and the influence of these productions on some of the
plays of Shakespeare has Iteen traced.

Polonius' account of the accomplished actors in Hamlet will be remem-
V)ered where he says that " Seneea cannot be too heavy" for them, "nor
Plautus too light."

The ancient mind was full of vague traditions in regard to the impious
au«lacity of those who dared to penetrate by word or deed the mysteries beyond
thv. sphere in which they had been born. Horace himself, we shall remember,
refers to these ancient speculations, when he says ; —

III oak or triple bruHa his breaat wax mail'd,

Who first committed to the ruthless deep
Mis fra^'ile skiff, nor inly shrank and quail'd

To hear the headlong Afric fiercely sweep,
With northern blasts to wrestle and to rave ;

Nor fear'd to face the tristful Hyades,
And Notus, tyrant of the Adrian wave.

That lifts, or calms at will, the restless seas.

* Washinjfton Irvinjf in the first edition of his " Life of Columbus " gave Typhis instead of
Tethys. but the latter is the reading in later issues of the work. I have preferred Tethys as
harmonizing better with Oceanus personifie*!, while Typhis simply recalls the Pilot of the
Argo in an expedition which already at the time of the prophecy neeins to have been a past
event.

/^/

I that lia<1
m JH loutlly
;h *.hat lia«l
hilt worse
thtin form-

lodel of the
a prophecy
la, although
Medea, her
ind her own
3wer as an

ito English,
playwrights
Lmong these
ontrivers of
the Inns of
lome of the

be remeni'
thetn, ' ' nor

the impious

jries heyond

remember,

phis instead of
red Tethys an
e I'ilot of the
ive been a past

ANU ITS HLFILMKNT.

VVlitti form o( dfu(h I'diild duiiiit hit* Moul who view 'd

oocHirN dread Nhttpes, imr turned hin <'J)'h awuy,
ItN Hiiru'iiiK wuvi'n, iiiid with diHaNlcr Htrew'd

Th\ fated rix-ktt, Afro-'eriiimiu'.' i

Vniid.\ hfith Jove in wiMlnm land from land

lU senH disHcver'd wild and tcm|>«'»t-loHs'd,
If \eMselM hoimd, di>H|ii[i- lii>t lii^h c'uinmuiid, '

O'er walerM piirpoHi'd never to lie tTOss'd.

The geiitial iiii))res8iun in regard t(i the great Western Ocean, prior to the
time of Cuiuniltuti, may also he given in the graphic wordn of an early Arabic
writer on tlie Hubject, Xorif al Kdnze, (|Uote<l in tiie Introduction to Wasliing-
t<»n Irving's CoUnnl>UH.

" The ocean encircleu the ultimate l)oundH of the inhabited earth, and all
heyond it i^ unknown. No one lias been alile to verify anything concerning
it, on account of its ditiicult and perilous navigation, its great obscurity, its
profound depth ami frequent tempests ; througii kar of its migtity tishes, an<l
its haughty winds ; yet tliere are many islands in it, some pe(t])le(i, others un-
inhabited, 'there is no mariner wlio dares to enter its deep waters ; as if any
have done so they have merely kept along its coasts, fearful of dejtarting from
them. The waves of this ocean, altliough they roll as high as mountains, yet
maintain themselves without breaking ; for if tliey broke, it would be impos-
sible for ships to plough them." l-ord Bacon, in his Essay Of Prophecies,
({uotes the passage from Seneca wbicii we are making the text of our ilis-
course, and it was here in all proixibilitv tiiat Irving made a note of its exist-
ence, but the same ({notation, wanting tlie last two lines, is to be seen on the
engraved title page of an old Italian gazetteer of America, published at Leghorn
in 1703 by Marco (Jottellini.

Kacon pours a degree of contempt upon a number of prophecies which
from time to time, hail currency auuing tlie multitude, and among these he
includes the verse from Seneca, recalling the numerous " demonstrations that
the globe of the earth had great parts beyond the Atlantic, which might be
probably conceived not to be all sea."'

Bacon also speaks of Plato s speculations on this subject, in the dialogues
entitled " Timaeus and Critias, " the latter being styled !)y him Atlanticus, afi
containing the story of the lost Island of Atlantis, which made such a strong
impression on the minds of early explorers.

This submerged continent was supnosed to have attained a high state of
civilization, the influence of which han jceii felt on the continents of Europe
and Africa, and had extended eVen to Asia, affecting Athens, and Greece
generally. Through the straits afterwards known as the " Pillars of
Hercules" the commerce from the lost continent passed into the Mediter-
ranean. Plato gives as his authority for such ideas, documents obtained by
Solon from certain priests in Egypt ; but he sj^eaks in such a way of these
communications as to give the reader to understand that he himself considered
them rather apocryphal. Jowett, in his iiitroducti(»n to the (!ritias (p. ()85),
expresses the opinion that "Plato in the lslaii<l of Atlantis is simply describing

^-^J

/^^

% HKNKCAH FKOI'IIKCY

a H(irt of hnhylonian or Kgyptiaii city, to which he oppoaen the fniKul lift* of
the true lielluiiiu citixen." Kacoii'n well-kiiuwii new Atlaiitia is liaMud up<iii
the Huine triuiitioiiH. In this treatise, as Sir Walter llalei^h iiiforiiis us,
Bacon designed to exhibit a model ur description of a college, institut«<l
for the interpreting of nature, and the marvellous works for the henelit of man
untler the name of "Solomon's House, or the Knowleilge of the Six Days'
Workn," and the innuendo is that Kngland at large would profit greatly by
adopting many of its supposed customs ; ami truth to say, not a few of them
have actually l>een incorporated in Knglish thought and usage since the days
of Hao(m. Krom the same source have sprung other works on ideal republics
or states. As for example Sir Thomas Mores " Ctopia," (^'ampanella's '*(!ity
of the Sun," Hall's " Mundus Alter et Idem," also in more recent times, "The
Speculations of Ignatius Donnelly " ami " Colonel \a: Plongeon."

At all events, whether by accident or otherwise, the prophecy put i>y Sen-
ecu into the mouths of the chorus in his Medea has been amply fulKlled.
To adopt the language of mythology. Father Oceanus has loosened the chain
with which he himself had confined the human view, and the vast predicted
continent has come into sight across the western waves, and Tetliys, his spouse,
has revealed her countless Oceauids, her islands, in all directions, well fitted
for the habitation of man. Thule has long since ceased to be the extreme
limit of human operations, wherever that Thule may have l)een, whether in the
far Scandinavian North, the Hebrides or Icelaird, or farther south among the
Canaries (tr the Azores.*

Our English " Land's End" and "Cape Finisterre" of Spain were earlier
indications of limits to human enterprise in a westerly directi«)n. PIuh ultra is
now, however, the inscription on the Pillars of Hercules.

We ourselves on this continent are in the act of celebrating the four hun-
dredth anniversary of the unveiling of the land which is now our home ; with
what keen interest would Seneca have reganlctl the fact, could he have learned
that his own native (Jorduba would in after ages be intimately associated with
the name of the principal agent in the great discoveries which h-^ had been
permitted to predict. All readers of Irving's Columbus will remeniber how
frequently the name of (Jordova, which is the ancient Corduba, occurs in the
accounts of the great discoverer's early interviews with Ferdinand and
Isabella.! What Seneca says by anticipation in one of his letters in regard to
the whole earth is quite applicable to our 8|>ecial case on this continent.

" If a man had given thee a few acres of land," he remarks to a corres-
pondent, " thou wouldst say that thou hadst received a benefit at his hands ;
and deniest thou that the immeasurable extent of the whole earth is no

* Black, in his " Princess of Thule," makes it Lewis in the Hebrides ; the origin of all these
^references to conspicuous terminal objects on the earth's surface is probably to be sought for in
the scripture expression " the ends of the earth," so familiar to us all.

t When Ben Jonson, in his celebrated lines to the memory of Shakespeare, prefixed to the
.folio edition of 1628, speaks of " .f^-h.vlus, Euripides, Sophocles, Paccuvius, Aooius, him of
Cordova, dead " — the reference in the last expression is, of course, lo Seneca, who was born at
(Cordova B.C. 3.

ANU ITS FrLFILMKNT.

/.23

;iil life (if
ututl upon
oriiiit us,
iiiHtitutud
lit i»f man
Six DuyH*
jieatly by
i of them
the days
n-piihlicH
a'8 "Oity
leH, "The

jt hy Sen-
fulKlled.
the chain
predicted
lis spouse,
well Htied
e extreme
iher in the
amon^ the

rere earlier
luH ultra is

four hun-
ome ; with
kve learned
nated with
I had been
iuiher how
curs ill the
inand and
n regard to
ent.

) a corres-
his hands ;
arth is no

in of all these
sought for in

ireflxed to the
coius, him of
iO waa born at

boneHt? If a man «hnnlil give thee ni(»ney and till thy cotfer, for that seemeth
a girat thing in tliy ^ight, thou wouldflt term it heuetit, and thinkent thou no
favour that tiod hath hiddeu hd many metals in the earth, spread so many
rivem on the sands, vvhieli Mowing discover ingots of niiiSHy gold, silver, brass,
imn. which he hath hidden everywhere ; that he hath given thee means and
knowledge to find it out by setting marks of his covert riches u|>on the surface
of the earth*" This lauiliible recognition of the providential intentions of Vhm\
in regard to man which is ever observable in Seneca was so acceptable to the
early writers of the Christian churcli that several of them circulated the idea
that Seneca was at heart a Christian,* ami after the fashion <»f th*- day the
notion came at last to be embodied in a series of apocryphal letters which were
8up|M»se4l to have passed between the philosopher and the Apostle I'miJ ; but
although it cannot be made to appear that any communications ever took
place l*etween Seneca ami St. Paul ; — and it would seem that the philoH«>phcr
was i|uite unaware of the " Dayspriiig from on High'' which in his time hml
vi8it«>d the sons of men, inviting them to the study of Divine Truth and
empowering them to live in acconlance therewith, — nevertheless so great \. is
the light vouchsafed to Seneca as a moral thinker and ru-*8oiier, that, iiis
writings ac«|uired everywhere •> •uliar authority. They were carefully
translated into various langtiages, and the n-vnie of Senec;^ became far an'
wide a household woril. And occasi<mally it hap))ened that a father even
cause«l his son to be baptized by the name of Seneca, t 1 have before me now
Thomas Morrell's translation of the " Epistles of Seneca," in two volumes,
quarto, printed in Ijondon by W. \Vo(Mlfall, in the year 1786 ; Sir Hoger
L'Kstranges " Morals of Seneca," translated by him during the days of Charles
11.; also Linlge's translation of the " Works of Seneca," a folio volume printed
by \V:n. Stansby, London, 1014, with engraved title page, showing below, the
figures of Zeno, (.Ihrysippus, Socrates and Cato ; and above, Seneca taking
poison in the Bath, am reconled l)y Tacitus.

('(►HOLI.ARY.

I desire to subjoin by way of corollary, as it were, to this discourse on
Lucius .Aniupus Seneca and his famous prophecy, a theory to explain the curi-
ous fact that the word, Seneca, came to be extensively used as a designation
for an important suit-division of our native Indians here in America. We
have all heard of the Seneca Indians, and the name continues to be a familiar
expression amongst us. It may have happened in this wise. We all know

* Here are two extrocts from Seneca with a Pauline rin|; almiit them, (|uoto<l by Dean
Farrar, aloni; with many oUiers, in his " Seekers after tJo<i " (p. 174), " God is near you, is with
you. is within you," siiys Senwii in a letter ro his friend Liicilius. " A sacre<l spirit dwells
within us, the otxterver and guardian of all our evil and our good, there is no t^ood man with-
out (kid "(p. 73). and aifaiii, " l>o you wonder that man jfoes to the (Joils .' (lod conies to
men. X»y, what is yet nearer. He comes into men. No itoo<l mind is wholly without God."

t In the early days t)f Toronto, when still styled York, Mr. Sene<^a Kelchum was a well-
known citizen, remarkable for support X'ven to all philanthropic objects. He was brother of a
more distiniruishe<t character, .Mr. Jesse Keicnuni, some of whose benefa(;tions survive, and are
still aiL-ccptatile l»oons in the Public stihools of the city.

SENEGAS PROPHKCY

that native Indian names and words are repreuented in print in a variety of
ways, arising from the circumstance that they were parts of a language un-
written previous to the arrival of the white man. In the index to UMjalla-
ghan'a "Documentary History of the State of New York," the word Seneca is
given in the following twelve difleront forms : Seneca, Ciniques, Senektes,
Sennekas, Sennicks, Senocks, Senicas, Sinnakes, .Sinnequaas, Sinnokes,
Snickes, Syuiks.

All this is sufhciently bewildering, but the ordinary mind under such
circumatances instinctively catches at a sound which seems to convey some
meaning in it, and this it proceeds to treasure up and convert to its own use,
however wrong the interpretation may be. I^t it be remembered that Lucius
Auna^'us Seneca was popularly held to be a philosopher of the Stoic school,
whilst it was a matter of general observation that the red Indian was wont on
emergencies to exhibit many Stoical characteristics.

Hence on some trying occasion when a certjvin member of one of the Six
Nationsthus distinguished himself, he may have l>een humorously described
as a veritable Seneca, or a true disciple of Senecii, as being in fact a Seneca
Indian, meaning thereby a Seneca kind of Indian, and hence the term by
degrees came to be the popular designation for a whole sub-division of the
Iroquois race. The term would do to mark Campbell's

" Stoic of the woods, the man without a tear,"
somewhat on the "non-Anglus sed-Angelus" principle. Stoic itself, we may
remember, tempted Shakespeare to play upon the word in his " Taming of the
Shrew," " I^et's be no Stoics nor no stocks, I pray; nor so «levote to Aristotle's
Kthics as Ovid l>e an outcast (juite abjured."

The usage among English speaking people of not disfiguring Roman proper
names when incorporating them into their language, as the French are ajtt to
do when adopting Latin names, as in the case of Tite Live for Titus Livius,
Tacite for Tacitus, would lend itself to the custom.

According to their practice the F'rench have transformed the Roman
proper name Seneca into Seuecjue, but on glancing at the twelve varieties
above given of the tribal Indian name, a Frenchman would have no particular
difficulty in selecting one which sounded like Sene«iue, and thus among both
French and English the idea of Stoicism as connecte*! with an Indian brave
would remain the same, though expressed by words slightly different. I have
already in a brief essay entitled "Mohawk and Seneca set right" discussed, by
the aid of Gov. Powuall, the fact that the real name of the sub-division of Six
Nations commonly called Senecas was not "Senecas" but Sonontouons, as also
the fact that the appellative "Mohawk" was not the tribal appellative, but
Canienga.

"Seneca as an epithet still continues to be familiar amongst us, not only as
ap])lied to a sub-division of our own Indians on the (jirand river, and to a well-
known lake in the State of New York, but also as a popular designation of
certain native wild plants, as for example, Seneca snake-root and Seneca grass
or vanilla, both mentioned by Asa (iray in his manual.

/^-r

a variety of
language un-
c to U'CJalla-
ord Seneca is
m, Senekeea,
), Sinnokes,

under such
convey some
its own iiae,
1 that Lucius
Stoic school,
was wont on

le of the Six
sly described
'act a Seneca
the term by
ivision of the

tself, we may
'aming of the
to Aristotle's

tioman proper
ttch are apt to
Titus Livius,

I the Roman
'elve varieties
; no particular
s among both

Indian brave
ireni. I have

discussed, by
livision of Six
bouons, as also
jpellative, but

us, not only as
and to a well-
designation of
d Seneca grass

■)

SENECA BOOKS;

THE LOG SHANTY BOOK-SHELF COLLECTION

FOR 1897.

The Seneca books here enumerated come within the scope of our Ix)g
Shanty Book-shelf series, by virtue of the fact that the collection not only
began to be made in the old pioneer tiays, but that it was actually started
within the walls of one of the primitive homes or homesteads hewn out of the
original primeval forest. The writer while yet a lad at school was so fortunate
as to receive as a prize a copy of Washington Irviug's well-known " Life of
Columbus," in four octavo volumes, on the title of each of which conspicuously
Hgured the prophecy from Seneca, which has formed the text of the accom-
panying discourse. The volumes thus obt lined were carefully deposited with
others in the old home, and the interest exciteil in the boyish mind by the quo-
tation from Seneca, here first seen, was enduring, and led to the addition from
time to time of works cogi. -ite to the subject. It will be remembered that each
of the groups which have been shown in the Pioneers' liodge during the Toronto
annual Industrial Exhibition originated in a somcwiiat similar way,
Irviiijf's " Life of Columbus," 4 vols. London : John Murray, 18!i8.

An old volume in the Spanish languaffe, containing a fine autograph of Washington
Irving as that of a former posses-sor. (Mislaid.)

Lodge's tran.slation of the works of "Seneca: Moral and Natural,' folio ; engraved title, 1614.

Sir Roger L'Estranges translation o( "The Morals of Seneca, with an Afterthought."
New York : sixth American edition.

Aubrey Stewart's translation of " The Minor Dialogues of Seneca,'" etc. London : 1881).

" The Epistles of Lucius Anna>u.s Seneca," with large annotations wherein, particularly,
the tenets of the ancient philosophers are contrasted with the Divine precepts of the Gospel
with regrrd to the moral duties of mankind. By Thomas Morrell, D.D. London : VV. Wood-
fall, Dorset .street, Salisburj- square, 1786 ; 2 vols., quarto.

Copy of Worrell's "Greek Lexicon," quarto, with Hogarth's portrait, engraved by ntisire.

Veterum Illustrium Philosophorum P<Etfl.runi Rhetorum et Oratoruni Imagines Ex Vetustis
Nummis, Genimis, Hermis. Mannoribus, aliisque Antiquis Monumentis desumplae. A. lo :
Pelro Bellorio,

Christina; Reginae August* Bibliothecario. Romie, .\pud lo : lacobum de Rubeis, ad
Temi)lum S. .Maria; de Pace. ie«5. Folio, with fine head of Seneca from an anticjue bust.
L. Anna;! Senecs, Philosophi opera omnia, Leipsic : 1832 ; 5 vols.

L. Anna;i Seneca;, Tragowlia; cum Notis Farnabii, Amsterdam ex otflcina Jaiissonift-
Waesbergiana, 1678. (Engraved ^itJe page. I

[9]

J2^

SKNKCA BOOKS ;

■ijy^'

L. Aiiimii ifieiiecHt, Trajfcuiliat a<i nptiiiioriiiii liliroruin flde iii liccurate ediliP. Lipsim :
C'aroliis Taiichiiitiiis, 1835.

L. Anniei Senecas et aliorum trajfoedias serio emeiidataj, cum Joseph! Stialiiferi, nunc
primuni ex autographo auctoriH editis, Danielis Heinaii animadveraionibua notia. Lugduni :
liatavoruni ex Typojjraphio Henrici ab Htesteua, etc., 1611.

L. Annaei Senecas. Sententiae cum notis Oruteri. Lu^duni; Batavorum, 1708.
Gla))orately enfi^raved frontispiece, indudinK small medallion of Seneca.

Walter Clode'a Selections from the " Morals of Seneca." London : 1388.

" Ideal Commonwealths," Plutarch's " Lycurgus," More's " Utopia," Bacon's " New
Atlantis," Campanella'a "City of the Sun," and Hall's "Mundus Alter et Idem." London :
Geo. Routledge h Sons, 1890.

Harrinffton's " Oceana." Under the title Oceana here given to an ideal republic about the
middle of the 17th century, Harrington describes the British Islands as they might be, accord-
ing to his judgment.

A similar lesson was sought to be impressed by a work which appeared in the year 1820,
bearing the following title :

NEW BRITAIN.

NARRATIVB OP A JOURNKV

BY MR. ELLIS,

TO A

COUNTRY HO CALLKD BY ITS INHABITANTS,

DI8C0VBRKD IN

THE VAST PLAIN OF THE MIBHOI'RI,

NORTH AMERICA,

AND INHABITED IIY

A I'KOPLB OF BRITISH UUIOIN,

WHO LIVE I'NDHR AN KtJUITABLB SYSTEM OF SOCIETY, PRODl'CTIVE

OF PECULIAR INDEPENDENCE AND HAPPINESS.

ALSO, BOMB ACCOUNT OF

THEIR CONSTITUTION, LAWS, INSTITUTIONS, CUSTOMS AND PHILOSOPHICAL OPINIONS \

TOOBTHER WITH

A BRIEF SKETCH OF THEIR HISTORY

FROM THE TIME OF

THEIR DEPARTURE FROM GREAT BRITAIN.

"ThrouKli the distorting (jlass of Prejudice

" All imtiiro seoms awry ; and but Its own

'• VVide-warp'd vroations straight : but Reason's eye

" Beliolils ill every line of nature— truth,

" Immortal truth ; and sees a Uod in all.'

—Ntw Britigh Poem.

LONDON :

PRINTED FOR W. HIMPKIN AND R. MARSHALL,
8TATI0NKRH' COURT, LUDOATE STREET.

1820.

/^/

THE LOG SHANTY BOOK-SFIELF COLLKOTION.

editiP. liipsiH) :

i S<!alii;eri, nunc
notis. Lugchini :

atavorum, 1708.

Bacon's "New
Idem." London :

epublio about the
might be, acoord-

l in the year 1820,

Fowler's Bacon (treating of him as a philosopher staiirtiiiu' between old and new Hystems).
London : 1881.

Plato's Republic, with the Dialogues entitled " Tiniwus and Critias" in English.

The Contemplations of .Joseph Hall, Bishop of Norwich (often styled " the Christian
Sene(!a " ) with memoir by -lames Hamilton, M. B. S. London : T. Tegg, 183d (fine portrait).

The Works of .Joseph Hall, Bishop of Exeter. London : printed by M. Fletcher for N. But-
ler, 1628. Folio pp. over 1,40(). Fine engraved portrait of Bishop Hall, and ornamental wood
cut border round title page.

Farrar's " Seekers after (io<l.' Undon, 1886. Representative extracts from Seneca, Epic-
tetus and Marcus Aurelins.

William Black's " Princess of Thule." Printed at New York : Geo. Munroe.

A mezzotint of .Sir David Wilkie's painting of "Columbus propounding the theory of the
New Worid," showing the figures of .Juan Perez, Caivia Fernandez, Alonzo Pinzon, Columbus
and his younjf son Diego.

P.S.— The translafjn from Horace given at p. 4 is Sir Theodore Martin's version. "Aero-
ceraunia," which occurs therein, is curiously almost identical in meaning with " Thimder Cape "
in our Canadian Lake Stiperior. It is worthy of note that the Promontory in our Canadian
I^ke Huron, known as "Cabot's Head," bore that name prior to 1797, as may be seen by a
reference to the first published otflcial Gazetteer of this portion of Canada.

ITR

0PINI0K8 :