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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 32 X 1 2 3 4 5 6 /3^ ■^f WHITEWOOD, Assimooia, North West Territories, Canada. Important Information for Tenant Farmers. A Sesoription of tlis Settlome&ti Its Capaliilities and Vac^at Lands. By CHARLES MARSHALLSAY, M.N. W.C, and Member of the Board of Education for the North West Territories. Situation. — About 250 miles west of Winnipeg and 20 miles west of the boundary of Manitoba and about. 90 miles cast of Retina, the Ca[iital of the North West Ten-itories, and lyii\.;to the north of the Moose Moun- tains and principally south of the Qu'Appelle River. Extent. — About 28 Townships, sub-divided into about 4,000 farms of 160 acres each. Scy'd. — A black loam, ranging in depth and richness. Alkali beds, very few and small. Boulders crop up through the prairie here and there and and are of ^ri'at service for lining wells and making stone foundations for buildings. A few houses pre built of stone. Limestone is found everywhere in small quantities and bed? of sand are within reach of every settler. The sub-soil is generally clay, very good bricks are made from the clay found in'thc low lying lands. Water. — The Qu'Ajipelle River crosses the northern part of this dis- trict f)'om west to east and is fed by numerous springs from the north and the south the largest one being Scissors Creek which drains a largo tract of land to the north of White wood. The Pipestone River crosses the centre of the district from west to east and is fed by the Mouse Mountain Creek which meanders through the southern part of the .settlement. Va- rious small lakes exist, the largest is Round Lake to the north and Weed Lake in the central west. The namber of small ponds are innumerable. Sloughs (wet marshes) occur hare and there, they are not of great extent but are of great value for the great growth of grass in and around them, wells are sunk all over the settlement at dt^pths varying from 30 to 50 feet. Timber. — This district was once well wooded but now only about one- third has the advantage of growing timber. The poplar and wiiluw in the common variety. On the north slope of the Moose Mountain and in the r^3 Qu'Appelle Valley poplar logs, large enong'j for building purposes, can be found, but otherwise tlie trees are young. Scrub oak, ash, maple and birch are also found side by side with the large trees before alluded to. Hay. — This district is rich in iiay, very long grass is found on the margins of sloughs and in the river bottoms. Cultivated gra.sses have not been tried here owing to the abundance of natural grass. Scenei-y. — The Qu'Appelle Valley is noteworthy for its scenery and the part of it near to Whitewood is s])ecially favored in this respect. The Scissors Creek and the Vipestone Valley and the north slope of the Moose Mountains are worthy of mention. Seasons. — Since 1882 the seasons have been unfortunate for "grain i raisers"; summer frosts have committed devastation here and theie all over the country, late crops have been destroyed and early crops affected. The season of 188G suffered from drought, there was no frost, the sample of wheat raised was excellent, but the crop was small, in some instances nothing. The Whitewood district did not suffer so severely, the trees and richer soil and better cultivation and physical situation afforded many advantages, and copious showers fell now and again. Climate. — Healthy and bracing, hot in summer and cold in winter. The proverbial " wet Juno" has not been realized since 1882. The trees bud in May and burst in full leaf in a few days and drop their leaves in October, about asqnickly. New grass is high enough to give the cattle a bite by the Ist of June and grows then very fast, the cattle C!>re not for t\ie new grass if they can munch at old grass, the stalks of which are solid and juicy. Winter sets in by the first of November and everything freezes up, the month of November is generally a bad month for locomo- tion, on some days there is snow and on others there is none, and drivers are at loss whether to use wagons or sleighs. The months of January and February are conspicuous for their dry cold atmosphere which is not uncomfortable, except when a sharp wiiid blows from the north-west and which pierces everything. Feeding hay to cattle and piling fuel in the stove is then the only occupation. These " cold snaps", rightly so called, for they are " short and sharp", rarely last twenty-four hours, and the calm which follows is both appreciated and enjoyed. Hy the end of February the winter days are long and light and generally very warm at midday. The winter is liked by everyone. It has never driven a settler away yet. April is the seeding time and all aim to end their seeding within the month. July is the hay harvest, and the latter part of August and beginning ol September should see the grain crop harvested. Fuel. — Up to the present time enough wood for fuel has been ob- tained in the settlement, and there is yet a little. Coal is biought by the Canadian Pacific Railway both from the east and from the west, and is nmch lower in price this winter than it has been. It is now 30 shillings a ton. Coal is reported to be found in our district and active operations for boring are being instituted. The immense coal fields, west, will assur- edly greatly reduce the price of coal within a short, time. flii./t/>/yi_ Hrt/tsyt/nf* — — 'pUo p,xclu.°iv£^ ypiftinc of tbe f^.r^.^ls Hjis bf^ft** ** fi»}1m»/» during the last four seasons. Beautiful wheat, excellent barley, splendid 3 oats an«l gocKi fl,ix liave been prodiiccil, but not on a i»nying soali«. Tlie eiiem.v to siiccess was the aiuniner frost. The promoter of mixed hiis- biiiidry hiis not failed to the same extent, he has found a market for his sto<-k and been able to put danjagcd grain to gooil use in the feuding of the 8. me. The North West farmer his learned hy bitter experience tiiu ne- eessity of good cnltivation and early seeed, bny.-rs freciii.nr, the towns along the line of the Canadian Pacific Kailway and during the past win-er the Wliitewood grain has boen sent both east and west. There is a great necessity for a mod.'rately sized Hour mill in Wliitewood and it is worthy the attention of any practical man of capital to whom this circular may come. Barley is raised very successfully here and its growth is very rapid; this suggcists also another industry, the f-rerfion of a IJrewery in Whitewood; a good supply ot water is assured. Oats have always found a ready sale, the supply has never been CjUat t<. the d- inand. Jioads (Old Briilgcs.— Good trails exist across the prairie in eveiv dir- ection, surveyed road allowances are mapjied out but they have not been strictly followed. The rivers and stteains arc bridged at convenient points; gratuitous l;iiM.r on the part of .settler.9, assisted by money grants from' tlie guvernnieiit, h;ivo overcame these obstacles. Labor. — Hah not been n matter of much nujujcnt in this district. Farmers geiu'rally do their own work and help each other in busy times and work in groups for special purposes, such as threshing, bridge erect- ing, log house raising, etc., a single man with no stick of h?s own to care for, often lives during th.; winter months with a neighbouring family at a nominal rat(!, or ho goes to a distant part where large gangs of men are employed in the woods to get out quantities of heavy tinrber. SchvoU—Thii North West Goverinnent have a very liberal Act in foica respecting ele.ncntary Schools ; a School district can'be formed wherever ten children of agt's rangitig from 5 to IG can i)e found. The district is under the charge of h)cal trustees apjiointed by the people, and the government grants are such, that the district need not tax the settler over a nomtnal sum per annum to carry on the school efficiently. The teach- ers have to be certificated, and the .school is annually iiisf)ected. Sclio«d houses are not more than three miles from any settlers residence. There, are seven J^cliool districts in operation in this locality. Churches.— n\e English Church of St. Alarv's, Whitewood, has be mi established siiicr- 1883. It is in the dioce.se of Qu'Appelle and under the charge of tin Itev. G. B. Childs, of .Moosomiti, regular .services are conduct by a licensed lay-reader in the clergyman's absence It is expected that a resident clergyman will be appointed this summer, Church of England Missions are established north and south of Whitewood and every settler is within easy reach of the services of the Church. The Tresbyterian (Knox) Church, Whitewood, is under the charge of the Kev. A. Ogilvie, who has numerous missions established throughout the distnet. (Society.— Little need be said under this head, for whenever necessity arises or occision requires or commemoration warrants, the point is always I.r picnic comes i(,.,M-.Notax, other than a, sclMol fax in those districts which ar« or.m,nx..(l, ha.s beon assos-soJ in thin sc.tlen.ent; no .nuniS sv^tc n i, [' Suut:""''' thebo,„..uofth. whitcwoo.1 ,nuni;St;^h::;': ;:e" 2/»;A/;».7 AIaf,naU-Xn kinds of tin.bor are shinned in lime is bnrnt on the spot, ang nmc „ne. a post office, a free public school, two churciroan^ a de^^^^ Vhiti: ;T"\f '^''^"'^ VVest Mounted Police. S stZe tve vev ? rV!" , ;\,"T'' "f ""^'^ ''''y *"^'^>'- White,^oo; is sur- Aeyed into lots and blocks and stret^ts and avenues, good buiKlin.^ lots ot Diankets, bb ; a set of doube harness .MO- a r.lmiaV, ftoi '^ 800 ; a cow. S40 ; a pony, m ; a good\Vrse' S^S^ Tbu'l W' ^^rt* (.oc_; barley. .Oc ; potatoes, :;0c; furniture and crockery are dear ' Takngup Land.-X homesteader should arrive in the country not f n ^ I.. 1 „ n '".'^ ""^ J''-'*"^ VoX&io^s in a corner of it. He will persons, and improved farms also the property of private persons ^ Free IIomestead8.-Section 27 of the Dominion Unds Act 1888 r.ad,. "Any person, male or female, who is th« «nl« 1!^ . °a ttl A I enury lor any quantity of land not exceeding one quarter section and being of the class of land open, iiiKUirtlie piovisioiiH of tliin Act to hoinestcftd entry." A .imuter section i.s 100 ticivsiind tin; clusMof land .ii.en is evfiry even inimlHied section, with tlie exceptions of sections 8 and "C. in every township which l.eloii<,'9 to the Hudson's iJny Company. Free liomesteada are scattered in this district; they have been cnlled f(.r four years, the best are not always taken hist, lor many and various are the circu'mstnnces which govern iheonterinj,' for lands. CiincelM A(/n(/x. —These lands have reverted to the government tliroii.'h the abandonment of the first liomesleader. 'J he hinds are inspected and improvements, if any, are valned, the number of acres which (an be hoim-. steaded ftve are limited to HO, and the price of the balance of the original homestead is nominally ini-reased. There are a few lands of this class near Wliitewood. a common reason for abandoning a homestead is want of cajtital with which to work it. Canmlian Pacijic Railway LandH.—Ani as the name iinj.lies, the i.ro- peity of the Railway Comi-any ami are the Ijalance of the odd numbered sections rei;ained by them in every township. The company sells their land at a very moderate price, and if re.K.„„„, .„. r" •"""■'*' »"" 'I'e 0,.,t N„,,k we,r ,, ,„„„