..r... IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I 1.25 118 12.5 US 116 vmr m 12.2 ^ U£ 12.0 I ^ 1.8 1.4 mil 1.6 <5% y^ /F^ r 7 'f % S^ > ^ ^>/A > Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.r. 14580 (716) 873-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques P :> Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may bo bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagde Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurde et/ou pelliculde □ Cover title missing/ l.e tit titre de couverture manque I j Coloured maps/ Cartes g6ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re Mure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge int^rieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 f ilm6es. The to th L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-§tre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mdthode normale de filmage sont indiquds ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur □ Pages damaged/ Pages endommag^es n Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaur6es et/ou pellicul6es r~| Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ LLtrPages ddcolordes, tachetdes ou piqu6es □ Pages detached/ Pages ddtachdes rTT/^howthrough/ I— =j Transparence I I Quality of print varies/ The poss of th filmi Orig begi the I sion, othe first sion, or ill D D Quality indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire The shall TINl whic Map: diffe entir begii right requi meth Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure. etc., ont M film6es d nouveau de fapon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. D Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl6mentaires: This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked bolow/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X ire details les du modifier ler une filmage ^es The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^(meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. L'exemplaire filmi fut reproduit grdce d la g4n6rosit6 de: La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim6e sont film^s en commengant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration. soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont fiimis en commengant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the methcd: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fiimds d des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est f ilm6 A partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. f errata d to It le pel u re, ;on d 13 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 6 CANADIAN MANUFACTURES. TO THE PEOPLE OP CANADA : Manufaoturks and Commerce are, as evciy one will readily admit, subjects of the deepest interest and iinportance. Tliey involve in themselves the encouragement of skilled industry, the employment of realized wealth and its more frequent distribution, the development of a nation's resources, and numerous other particulars, all bearing directly upon the country's advancement and its progress in civilization. Canada is not a manufacturing country. Be the reason what it may, the fact is apparent. Our manufactories are insignificant. So far from exporting largely, as we might do, the produce of our own work-shops, we are dependent on a foreign supply for a vast number of the articles we daily use ; and what we thus obtain is necessarily for the most part paid for in specie, which goes out of our limits, seldom to find its way back again. We are invited year after year to exhibit, in our Provincial Exhibitions, samples of our manufactures, but, until a policy more favorable is adopted, we cannot expect that these exhibitions \yiil lead to any permanent good, or tend to bring forth more than what they at present do, — a very litnited number of articles of manufacture. Our Railways and Lines of Steamers all suflfer under the general depression. IIow can their traffic be developed till the Country is more thickly peopled, and what can more tend to such a result than the objects which the advocates of protection seek ? If the hindrances to the due development of Canadian industry were removed, our Country would surely reap the benefit. Where manufactures can be advantageously carried on, wealth is attracted; that wealth is spent ou the artizans who give their labor to turn the capital to account; these artizans increase the number of those who require the services of traders of every kind, and afford the farmer a cash market at his own door for every article of produce which he has for sale, at higher prices than can be obtained for it abroad; — in fine, the wealth which must form the first item in the computation, diffuses itself in such a variety of ways, that the benefits arising from it arc tcnfuld. The result is general activity, and a great increase in the value of landed property. The advantages of manufactures to the country in which they are carried on, are indeed so extensive and .so varied, that it is unanimously conceded they ought to be encouraged. The question is, IIow in our case is this to be done? how is our industry to be sustained and encouraged, our resources developed, capital attracted, and our material interests as a country fostered ? Admitting, then, the lamentable depression of Canadian manufactures, the question propounded is one of deep inf^rest to every one among us, and calls for attentive and immediate consideration. With this aim in view, the following valuable and forcible extracts have been col- lected together. It is most confidently believed that the hindrances to the full develop- men), of Canadian manufactures, and the depression under which existing ones suffer Arise : Ist. From the al)soncc of a moderate and permanent protective duty^ as applied to most articles of manufacture ; one equal at least to that of the United States. 2ndly. From the fear of capitalists that the protective duty which is ahvady imposed on some articles, may, by change of the advices in the governing councils, not prove permanent. The extracts which follow deserve an attentive perusal. It will be seen that they deal with facts. They sliow how Canadian manufactures arc afl'ectod, and why they suffer; and if the truth of these facts be admitted, the propositions above laid down, follow as a logical deduction. It cannot be too often stated, that the question is not one of interest to the manu- facturer oidy, hut to the people. It is earnestly ho])ed that the people of Canada, generally and individunllv, will take a lively interest in this question. If the objects of the advocates of protection be merely to tax them for the benefit of a class, let them at once unite to ojipose a poli(!y so manifestly against their interests. But if, as is most confidently asserted, the objects be the development of resources, the retaining within the limits of Canada and attracting thither wealth and capital and skilled industry, the advancement of the people and their individual progress in wealth and position concurrently with the cheapening of manufac- tured articles, then let each and all unitedly and individually strive for objects so obvi- ously advantageous. The word PROTECTION has been rendered odious by its misapplication in many cases. The repugnance to that line of policy which is rightly or wrongly so called, has to be overcome. If each trade in Canada would duly represent and pourtray the disadvantages and discouragements it labors under from the present policy, it would be seen how immensely Canadian Trade is depressed. It is urged by the opponents of a Protective Poj.'cy, that high duties upon foreign manufactures competing with those of Canada would be a tax upon the consumer, rais- ing the price to him the amount of the duty. Experience here, in the United States and in England, has shown that this is not the c;ise. Not only was the great manufac- turinor industry of England built up under a Protective system, but under it she cheap- ened the cost of her fabrics so as to command the markets of the world. In the United States, cheap goods date from the imposition of high duties ; and under this system she now contends upon superior terms with England in foreign markets. And in Canada, the first result of a similar policy has been to reduce prices, by increasing demand. The Press of Canada favorable to protective duties, and consequently to the ad- vancement and real interests of the Country, have it now in their power, by urging the matter constantly upon their readers, to secure it that amount of general attention which is so indispensable to the furtherance of a sound and judicious policy upon the subject. It is hoped, that, for the attainment of these objects, the people will individually labor ardently, and that in every Town and Village throughout the Province they will unite to petition the Legislature in the coming Session for the adoption of such a policy as shall /os/er, and not repress, the manufacturing interests of the country. The subject i? one so prominently requiring Legislative attention, that the views of the people can- not at the present time be^too forcibly urged. A FRIEND TO CANADA. suffer ied to 1 posed prove HOME INDUSTEY OE CANADA. it they y they down, nianu- ly, will ;tion be I policy olijects Iracting nd their lanufac- so obvi- in many lied, has |ages and mcnsely foreign ler, rais- id States inanufac- le cheap- |e United Istein she Canada, ind. the ad- |y urging attention lupon the \ividualli/ they will a policy lie subject lople can- DA. IMPORTANT LETTER KROM JACOB I)E WITT, ESQ., rUESlDENT OF THE DANQUE UU PELl'LE. MoM-UEAL, July 2(5, 1858. TO WILLIAM LYOX MACKEXZIi;, Ehq., M.I'.. l-Alitor of Ihc Wccklji Mcssapc, My DEAR Sir, — I have to thank you for your favorable opinion of my desire to encourage the manufactures of Canada. That subject has engaged a portion of my attention and expe- rience for more than si.\ty years past, — the question of providing for the necessary expenses of the Government, by a judicious and wise ap- portionment of taxes, by a Tariff", as immediate- ly connected therewith. In order to arrive at a just conclusion, it is necessary to call to mind what some may con- sider truisms. 1st. And at the foundation, I will enquire who pays the duties levied by the Tariff? Is it the producer or the consumer ? That depends mainly on the relative state of supply and de- mand. A short supply causes scarcity, conse- quently a rise in the price, by which the duties are added to the cost and paid by the consumer. An abundant supply or glut in the market, of any article, causes the price to fall, when the duties are paid by the producer to get into the market. In another case, whenever circumstances give to one or more persons a monopoly, then usually the duties are paid by the consumer. As a general rule, competition tends to dimi- nish prices. To secure this competition some- times requires duties to be levied on the more powerful Foreign manufacturers, withoutwhich they would crush your domestic manufacturers, thereby maintain a monopoly, and charge their own price to consumers. All parties are bene- fitted by placing the producer and consumer near together ; every man can, by reciprocat- ing with his neighbor, pay him easier than he can raise money and send it abroad to a stranger. It is the facility of obtaining the means of paying for an article that makes it cheap to the consumer. In order to aid the consumer in paying for his goods, it becomes necessary that the revenue, to support an economical government, should be raised by a tariff, so apportioned as to give encouragement to the manufacturers of such articles as we can produce or manufacture with advantage in our country. By so doing we induce the investment of capital in niacliinery, which will enable our manufacturers to com- pete here among themselves and with foreign- ers too, by which means the foreign producer must pay tlie duties into our treasury which we levy, in order to get into our market, which duties he cannot jiut on the cost of iiis goods ; consequently the price is not increased to the consumer by the duties. I know of instances where foreigners manu- facturing articles similar to those made in Canada, have not only paid our duties on their goods, but freight and charges also, and after- wards sold them at the lowest prices they would have taken at home ; which proves the wisdom of so apportioning the tariff, for, besides foreigners replenishing our treasury, and at the same time affording their goods to our mer- chants, and through them to the consumers, af a lower rate than they would have done if we had perfect free trade in those articles, or no duty at all, it is plain that without some en- couragement our infant institutions would have been prevented or crushed, thus leaving our consumers entirely dependent on foreigners to charge us what they pleased, and add costs of freight, &c. You remember that we were very anxious to have Reciprocity with the United States. Why ? Because we wanted their market for the pro- duce of our Forests, Farms, and Seas ; and why did we want their market? Because it was better than our own. Why was it so ? Because they encourage their mechanics, and we do not. But free traders affirm that the consumer paid the duties. If tlie Americans paid the duties on our lumber, &c., what would we care for Reciprocity? Let them pay their duties, and we will let their produce come to us free. The facts were that when our people exported our produce to the United States (before the Reciprocity Treaty), we, the producers, put our hands into our pockets, took out our money, put it into the United States Treasury, and never saw it asain. The great variety of important inventions and discoveries of new machinery, moved by HOME INDUSTRY OF CANADA. Horse, Steam, and Water power, bavc so mul- tiplied tlie power of jirodiiclion, and reduced the expense of mftnufiicturing, that whenever there is any considerable competition, duties arc almost invariably paid by the producers, to procure a market. I think the case is different as to who pays the duties, the producer or consumer, in refer- ence to many articles of the fu-st necessity which we do not produce to any great amount, such as Salt, Tea, Coffee, Raw Sugar, Molasses, and other similar goods. Duties on these articles are in almost every case added to the first cost and charges, and are paid by the Canadian consumer. I think a wise i)olicy would roi|uire them to be admitteil free from duties, or nearly so. I believe that all classes should (in proportion to their means) contribute to tlie expense of the State. A reason why Salt, Tea, Raw Sugar, Cofl'ee, and Molasses should be admitted free, is, that they arc articles of tiic first necessity of life, and the labouring man consumes as much as the man of fortune. It is oppression and cruelty, that the labourer Avho works hard for his 50 or 100 cents per day, should pay as much duty as the man Avho is worth millions. I maintain that no duties should be exacted on those articles ; but if the Government insist on adding duties on these things, then, by all means, let the duties be levied on the ad va- lorem principle (on the value), and not on the specific. It is not fair that my servant-man should pay as much as I do for these articles, or that he who buys a cheap article should pay the same tax as he who buys a costly one. A great object is to afford EMPLOYMENT TO OUR OWN PEOPLE, and to those who emigrate from the British Isles and wish to live under the British crown. Why should people be obliged to leave Canada for the United States to earn a living there, and we send our money to pay them there for their goods ? 'Tis said there is plenty of land. Let the people go and clear up the forest. Do you think a man who has spent half of his life learn- ing a trade will go to the wilderness to perish there ? No, you cannot drive him there ; but you may drive him out of the country, to enrich another land by his skill, capital, and labor. Shall we depopulate Canada by driving our young women from their parents' care and counsel, and the instruction of their clergy, to manufacture abroad the goods and merchandize we want for our consumption at home ? In passing through the New England States we shall find their water-power all employed. Their running streams are not allowed to go to waste over their rocky beds ; the water is caught, tamed, and nude industrious, diffusing wealth and prosperity all around. Even their snmll rivulets arc dammed up to catch the water formed by the melting snow and the showers. The streams thai flow while the peojilo sleep or worship on the sabbath are made to j)crform some profitable work. I have seen machinery moved by one water wheel, the NKTT profit of which was estimated to be equal to the nett profit on fifty well-cultivated farms, adding to tlio impulatiou and tlie wealth of all around. With such prudent examples before us, it seems a disgrace to the people of Canada that they do not employ more of ilieir unlimited water-power, when it niiglit be made to pro- duce so much wealll) and prosiierity. Wliy do we sleep so long ? It is mainly owing to the manufactures of New England that their jioor, hard land is worth and will sell for more cash than our rich lands here, and all over the^\'estern World. It has been said that the Tariff is to favor the manufacturer at the expense of the public. Now I maintain, that a wise apportioned Tariff is necessary to induce capitalists to in- vest tlieir funds in taming our water-power and in building u[) Manufactures whicli are for the common good, because they can invest their money in other ways where their funds would be quite as productive and with less risk. When beer could be imported free from duty, the price per barrel was So. It was proposed to levy a duty of one dollar on the barrel when imported. A great cry was raised that we were taxing the farmer one dollar on his barrel of beer. Now, mark the results : the tax induced brewers to establish Breweries in Canada ; placing the producer by the side of the consumer ; and instead of raising the price from six to seven dollars, IT REDUCED THE PRICE from six to five dollars, besides conferring all the collateral advantages of affording a home market for all that the farmers and their families could raise on their farms and gardens, thereby affording them employment which enabled them to buy and pay the merchants for many foreign goods, which otherwise they could never have done. But it is sometimes said. Then why levy any tax ? The reason is obvious. It is to prevent the foreign brewer from sacrificing his beer in order to crush our infant breweries. He does not give you an article which cost him four dollars for three dollars for your benefit, but with a view to indemnify himself by charging goto ter is ''using their h the d the le the Ih are I have >pl, the ; c(iual fiirms, II of all I us, it la that ilimited to pro- AVhy do tiirc3 of land 13 oi\r rich /oild. lo favor e public. >ortioued its to in- Ler-power ;h are for m invest cir funds less risk, ■om duty, proposed ,rrel when ,t we were barrel of |x induced Canada ; ■onsumer ; im six to PRICE [erring all ig a home ;ir families i3, thereby |h enabled for many lould never levy any I to prevent lliis beer in He does him four |)enefit, but charging HOME INDUSTRY OF CANADA. you his monopoly prices after your nciglibors' breweries arc destroyed. Again, it is asked, if the Tariff does not increase the price, of what benefit is it to the uianufacturer? It enables him to make his arrangements. liy it he can give constant employment, conscipiiMilly can keep the best workmen, and will do more and better work tlian when only occasionally en- gaged. TlKTcfore tlie main benefit of the Tariff is, that the inanuf'actiirer can keep a steady price, l)y which lie saves freiglit, commissions, and otlier e.vpenses, and can supjjly tlie con- sumer upon more favorable terms. Wlial I have said in respect to Breweries will apply to all articles which we can manufac- ture with advantage in ('aiiada.* Lady A., when using her needle, was called upon by Lady B., who told her she could buy the article she was making for a mere trifle. Lady A. replied, she could make it a great deal cheaper. Lady 15., with astonishment, asked. How is that possible ? Lady A. answer- ed that she could make it herself, but could nut earn the pence to buy it. Suppose an old lady (perhaps blind) to bo amusing herself by knitting stockings and mittens for the family, how much cash could the husband or father pay out of his chest, to be sent out of the country, to obtain those articles cheaper, than to have them made by the employment of the lady ? How unwise it is for a farmer to pay cash or run into debt for any thing which he could make on a rainy day ! That policy must be very bad which deprives our people of employment. Shall we encourage our own children and our own people, or strangers ? Shall we catch and tame our water- power, make it industrious, sjiread wealth, prosperity, and independence all around us, or chall we refuse to develope the resources of this noble Province ? A large proportion of our people are Agri- culturists ; how shall we best promote their interests ? Shall we add competitors with them in the market for the sale of their produce, or shall we induce customers to buy and consume their produce ? Shall we provide them a domestic in addition to their foreign market for every thing which they can raise, by encouraging the manufacture of such articles as can be made with advantage in the country, and which will increase the value of every acre of land ? ♦ See Alex. Buntin & Co'.s circular inserted in tliis sheet, (page 10,) relative to the reduction on tlie ijrice of I'rinting-paper. If all are farmers, who will be purchasers and customers? Let us reflect on the great advantage to the farmer to have a home market. Is it a benefit to have the butcher from the neighboring town conic to his door every week and cnrpiire for fat animals, and give the farmer his ))rico in cash for them? Much bettor than for the far- mer to leave his farm and drive his animals to market, wiiere the cattle arrive in bad plight, when the owner is obliged to take just what he can get (what he would not take if the cattle were at home) rather than be at the expense of taking them back to his farm. Which system will bring the greatest profit, and most increase the value of his farm? By encouraging the tanner, your neighbour, he can give you from four to six dollars for your ox hide. If you have not the tanner, you may be obliged, like the South American, to sell your ox hide for the same number of shil- lings. I would like to ask the i)roprietor of every newspaper printed in Canada, how many more subscribers each would probably get if our goods were manufactured in our country than in a foreign land, and how much better the proprietor would be jiaid than he is at present? Would our manufacturers or foreign manufac- turers afford the best support to the press ? Suppose those valuable mines at Marmora were worked so as to require a large city there, how greatly that would increase an editor's paying subscribers, in comparison with the subscription, if the same iron were made in another country 1 Now, suppose that 100,000 tons of iron and iron goods were made at the Marmora Iron Works, would it not add to the common wealth of the country, and diffuse it among the people, instead of sending the capital out of Canada, '0 pay for it elsewhere? Suppose we estimate, that by manufacturing sui.h goods as we could with advantage in Canada, the paying subscribers to each journal would be increased ten per cent. Would not that be an advantage to their proprietors, and relieve many an aching brow ? At the bankers' I would enquire if they would not prefer to cir- culate their bills among our meclianics, than send the gold out of the country to pay for the very goods which, by employing our water- power, could be quite as well made at home ? Most people admit that we may make our pine logs into Deals, Boards, Scantling, &c. I ask. Why stay there ? Why not let your saw- mills, lathes, &c., go on, work up the timber into doors, sashes, furniture, &c.? Are they HOME INDUSTRY OP CANADA. afraid it will bu too vnluublo, make us tuo rich ? Why sell our paper rugs for a dollar, which, when nmdo into printitig-papcr, would bo worlli four dolliir.s? A pound is bettor thtm ii dollar; but the greatest dilUculty is, where shall wo gel tho three dolliirs in cash to sonil away to to i)ay others for doing what wo ciiii just as well do ourselvcH ? But tho greatest loss is depriving tho country of tho cash, so niucli wanted at home. Why should we not work up our farm-wool into cloth, instead of sending the money abroad, thereby draining tho country of cash to pay foreign laiiourers? Hy encouraging our own manufacturers by a witrlij (ipiiorlioned Tuiijl', we sitiill increase our trade and the pulilir revenue. By making the cheaper goods, you enable the operatives to buy and pay for tho more expen- sive. If you employ a female in nuvking chea[i cotton cloih, you enable her to buy and pay for a silk dress : without the employment she would b(! idle, or more dependent on her father or brother's labor for a cotton dress worth six- pence i)er yaril, where, with employment, she Bui)])orts herself, buys and pays for rich goods. In manufacturing tl o cheap goods, although wc derive no foreign trade or revenue on those particular articles, yet the wealth created and dill'uscd among the people by that means, re- tains capital in f)ur country, whereby the trade and revenue are increased. See the immense trade between tho United States and Great Britain. l>y niiinufacturing the cheaper articles, they are able to import the more expensive. This shows the cfl'ect of their high tariff. W'liat would Kuglnud be without her manu- factures ? Her ])olicy is a safe one; — she has free trade in raw materials, breadstuffs, &c., but a tarilf to luotect her manufactures, and for revenue. Tiiese are the elements of her mighty trade, wliicli has enabled her to do what no other nation could do; — to carry on the Russian war, subsidise the Turks and Sardinians, then maintain the Persian and Chinese wars, next suppress the revolt in India, furnish means to make many of the rail- ways in the United States and elsewhere, and have abundance of cash at home, and at the lowest rate of interest. We have a great cry for money ; and some persons want to borrow at high rates of inter- est, I think we had better make some money, than depend on borrowing. I would ask the merchant if he does not think his trade would bo improved if money was more plenty ? Would it not enable him better to collect his debts ? The limit of trade is the ability of his customers to pay. Are there not some farmers who would like to hava more money in tho hands of those who would purchase their produce? Arc there not some who have paid for only one-half of their farms, who would like to have money a little easier? Perhaps tliero may be merchants, farmers, and others who would like to be a little more indepen- dent of tho money-lenders, and perhaps less anxious for the visits of the baililfs and shorifft. Suppose we were to make our cordage-linos, 4c., our cheap paper, our cheap cloth and other goods, wliich wo could do with advan- tage?, that policy would keep cajiital in our country, aiul laiiLc money more plentiful among all classes. ]{y making tho more common goods, so as to eciualizo our imports and exports, and so reduce exchange to par, even ourjiuhlirfunrtiun- arits who depend on fixed salaries, so far as they purehascd fine fore iqn ^oods, would benefit about 10 per rent ; their ten dollars ironld t;oasfar as cleren now, one thousand dollars as far as eleven hundred now. Any Oovernment which does not e:, courage Canadian manufactures, and so dovelope the resources of tho country, injtires the interests both of the agricultural and commercial classes. Mr. Kditor, if we look all round the world, we shall find that tho nation which manufac- tures the most is the most wealthy, prosperous, and inilependent ; and on the other hand, that that nation is the poorest, tho lowest, and most dependent, which manufactures the least. Shall we improve our resources, and especi- ally our unlimited water-power, which from its volume, and the great descent of the water, is to us equivalent to perpetual motion? To this question I invito attention, and have tho honor to be, very respectfully, your most obe- dient servant, JACOB DEWITT. HOME IXDUSTRY. To the Editor of the Montiieai, Gazktte. Sin, — I have read with deep interest the let- ter of Mr. DeWitt inserted in your columns. The subject is one which has long occupied my attention, and which concerns mo as a manuAicturer and employer; and while it is far from my desire to enter into a political argument, I think the importance of the inte- rests involved justifies my making public such facts as are within my immediate knowledge and which bear upon the question. I am no enemy to Free Trade, but I am at a loss to understand how Canada can prosper :e to have lio would not sumo eir farms, lo ciisicr ? mcrs, and L' iiiilciten- liaiis le33 il shcrifft. .agc-linc8, cloth and ill udvan- vl in our All among ods, so as s, and so r f unction- far as they nefit about an far as r as eleven ei. courage krelope the a Interests ial classes, the world, 1 nuinufac- rosiierous, hand, that , and most east. ,nd especi- hich from the water, tion? To have tho most obe- r.WITT. ,\ZKTTE. t the let- columns, occupied mo as a rhilo it is I political the inte- ublic such Lnowledge I am at a prosper HOME INDUSTRY OF CANADA. ■he alone maintains froc trade, whilu her neigh- bours admit that they are not yet in a position to do 80. The case stands thus: Tiio Ameri- can manufacturer can introduce his wares into our market almost without restraint, whilst the American marlcet is closed to tiio Canadian manufacturer l)y tiio imposition of restrictive duties. Is it nr Bvident that Canadian manu- factures, as compared with American, sudor under considerable disadvantage? and is it not otherwise proved by the general slackness of our trade, and by the great nund)er of articles which we luivc of American i)roduction? It is also obvious tliat tlie Canailiau and American policy arc directly at variance; and tins con- trast is illustrated in its conscqucnres by tlio prosperity of tlic people of llie United States and the general cheapness of manufactured articles there, as compared with the partial development of tho vast resoiwccs of Canada and the tardy manner in wiiicli our extensive and fertile territories are brought into cultivation. Why should we adopt a line of policy diame- trically oi)po.sed to that wliicli has fostered the industry of llie United States, and led even tho humblest class to a nuich greater sluiro of •wealth and prosperity tiian pertains to it in any other country? Sucli a policy is surely evidenced as a judicious one, and compares advantageously witli one winch lias had tlio effect of checking and discountenancing manu- factures, keeping on one hand from Canada the caiiitalists that are needed, and on llie other compelling many industrious mechanics to search tlie streets in vain day after day for employment, and at last driving them out of the country to seek elsewliere wluit Canada might well afford them, — cinploymrnt. If Canadian manufactures are to be encou- raged, then so long as the United States main- tain a proti dive tariff, we sliuuld maintain one also. In our present position, we can enter no foreign market on equal terms with the native producer ; while our own necessarily limited market is filled witli the products of those who can do with us what tiiey can do in no otlicr country, — compete on equal termi. Wliat field is there, then, for Canadian manufactures? But if ever tlie doctrine of a restrictive duty is broached, it is answered by tlic statement, that sucli would tax the consumer for the be- nefit of the manufacturer. This is a mistake. I will instance an actual case : During the past session of tho Provincial Legislature a duty of 15 per cent, was imposed upon print- ing-paper ; and wliat is the result? The chief paper manufacturers in Canada have reduced their prices to an amount below tho price of imported paper of ccpial quality, exclusive of tlie duty. One manufacturer of- fers to furnisli three tons of printing-paper per day at tho present time; and the same firm ■tatcs that it expects to double its opera- tions in consequence of the new Tariff. Now, if these professions of tlie manufacturers of paper be true, and a very short time will show wiiether they aro to or not, wiio will ilerivo benefit from tlio duty? AVliy, evidently tho consumer, I myself sliall save by reason of the ciiange, and my customers will do po also. Itiit the benefit is not confined to tho consumer. Tho manufacturer shares in it too. IIo says in effect : " You have, by imposing a moderate duty on our manufactures, prevented us from being subject to under-selling by tlie foreign nier- ciuint who comes hero to sacrifice. You have given us a homo market, and we have now a fair chance of custom. Wc can afford forth- with to reduce our [iriccs ; wo sliali employ more hands ; and wo offer you, the public, paper, not only at a reduced price, but at a loicer price than you could have obtained the same article be/ore the imposition of the duty." Tlic ellect, tiien, of a protective duty in this instance^ has been to cheapen tlie commodity, to increase tlie quantity of the native nianulac- tured article, and thus give employment to many more arti/.aiis in our towns and villages, and, as regards tlie foreign manufacturer, to compel him to lower his terms, instead of allow- ing liim to dictate his own jiriccs, as, in tho case of many articles, has hitlierto been his custom. But it maybe objected that there is a danger, notwitlistanding present professions in the in- stance before us, of a monopoly by tlio few Canadian manufacturers, wlien they will find all the business in their own liands. Surely the principles of competition exclude tiieiiossiliility of such a monopoly. If an article can bo manu- factured hero witli profit, there will be plenty ready to enter into the business, especially if prices rule high. Tiic manufacturers dare not raise their prices, because such a coursa, unless justified by a similar increase in material or la- bor, must prove ruinous to them, and [)I;u;e tliem ultimately in a worse position than that which they held before the imiiosition of tiio duty. Experience, Sir, tells us, that local competition will always protect tlie consumer from a home monopoly. Tliere is far more danger to his interests from a foreign monopoly, which, cru.^hing our native iuauufacturers, would, at some periods at all events, be able to dictate its own terms, according to the limited suj)ply for the time, and to the wants of llie public. HOMR INDUHTRY OF CANADA. Instiiticos roiild bo innhiiilinl !ii iironf of tlin flssertiDii, tliiit tlio iibscnce of modoriitL- protcc- llvo duties cripiilcs our rosourcen ami retards our proBn^ss. I will nnmc one : In IH.') 1, Mr. LarocliL'llc, of the iici^'libourliodd of Quebec, culled upon nic, reiiuesliiin an order for a printing-presM. I told liitn that I did not believe ho could nmkn uiu one at a^ low a price and eipially as goo(l as those I could ob- tain from the States. He some time afterwards requested mo to inspect a press of his own manufacture, and which was then in use in .Mr. Frechette's otiice In Quebec ; a.xsiiring mo at the game time, that he was wdtiiig to manufacture those presses at a less sum than that duirged for tiio imported ones. I was so pleased with the press upon dose inspection, that I offered Mr. LarncheUc iny aid in raising a siifli- cient capital for him to set up a factory in Montreal. At this very juncture the Canadian duty of 121 P*!'" cent, upon printing-presses was taken off, which discouraged both Mr. Laro- chclle and myself; ami the project was entirely abandoned, on our understanding that if Mr. Larochello started bis factory the American manufacturers would under-sell him. In fact, they, with the advantage of their wealth and name, were determined to sell for a time at a sacrifice, to prevent any degree of success at- tending the establishmer.t of a j)re3s-factory here. The press I bavo mentioned is now working in Mr. Frechette's office. If Mr. Laro- cbelle had succeeded in establishing his factory, the presses used in Canada might have been manufactured here ; the money expended on that manufacture would have been ajjcnt here, and not in a foreign state ; and the men would have added to the population and wealth of Montreal. In estimating the importance of such an instance as this, it must be remembered that it is but an instance. As a publisher, I can with some reason call attention to the effect of our policy as regards books. If I publish a useful book, I find, not only that I cannot take it and sell it in the States on the same terms as the American can Bell bis book here ; but more, I find there is no market at all for my book, because the Ameri- can is competing with me, and, by the aid of his numerous publishing-houses, flooding Cana- da with American productions.* How, then, * I have recently publishnd tlireo ditToront editions of a Ready Reckoner in dollars and rents, in every way adapted to Oanada, and on equally low terms as tliV American editions ; liut on offeriiijt them for sale, I am told by many bonksellcrs and storekeepers tliat they are already furnished with American eiMtiims, which are brought here/r«B of diifi/ ; and therefore mine re- main on my hands, although they are in every respect a much superior article to the American. can I or any one else manufacture, when our own market is forestalled l)y our wealthy neighbours, and foreign nnirkcts are closed to u-i? All I ask is, let Canada anil the I'nited .Slatea he on an eciiial footing. I hail competition as the life of trado ; but I cannot help thinking, that if we are to be always subjected to a com- petition, with all the advantages on ihi- side of ourcomjiotitors, the disadvantiiges of the strug- gle must recoil r)n ourselves. Here, wo Cana- dians are not only inviting coinpeiitirs are, as 1 aflirm is the case, in a siniilaiiy confined position, it must follow that the business which, under happier circumstances, woidd keep thou- sands of ])erson3 in constant employment hero in Canada, must continue to be transected ia another country ; the hands to perform that work must go with it; and the development of the population of our towns and villages must be stemmed, or partially stemmed, by the re- tarding influence. The hundred trades that minister to the daily wants of man, must suffer under a similar retarding influence ; and who shall say, that the policy which has caused this ntate of things has been a wise one, or one for the interest of the Important Province of Ca- nada ? It can scarcely be out of place here to allude to the question of English copyrights, Avhich, as the law stands at present, bears with great hardship on Canadian publishers, with no accompanying advantage to the owner of the copyright. While an English work may not be printed here, if the subject of copyright, an American reprint of it may be Introduced on payment of a duty of 15 per cent. And I may remark, that, owing to the number of American works imported here, of course free, it is frequently the case that these English reprints are introduced without payment of any duty whatever. Dr. Sullivan of Dublin published a useful school-book called " The Spelling-Book Superseded." The American edition of this work circulates extensively in Canada ; and some few years ago, the late Mr. Ramsay, a publisher in Montreal, finding that he could publish the work here for about one half IIOMK INDUSTUT OF CANADA. md I the corit of tho Anu'ricnn edition, and conceiv- ing tlmt If In- inii'l tlit> niillior tlin If) por ront. ho would iiDl lio ft('tiii(i[ Injuriously t(j Ids Interest, coiiini<'ni-t'd jirinting the work in Montroiil ; iit tlin Niiinu tiino opiMiliiif an nccotint ^-Itli Dr. Siilliviiii, and orcditint; liitn with ir> l)i'r cent, on all tlio copies ho isnued. Mr. Bamsny was however culled upon hy the npent of Dr. Sullivan, and iufuruied tlial hn was acliii;; illi'jjally iii priutiu;j llie work in Canadji. Mr. Hurnsay explained that the work was introduced from the Statcn in coiihI- derahle (piautilicri, willioiit even the payment of duty, and tliut hy the coiirnc he liad adopted tho author would receive all la.' was entitled to. liut it wai of 111) avail, — Mr. Uatusay had infriiitrcd llie letlerof the law ; nud it was linal- ly agreed ilia I he should pay the agent i.'20 in coniproiuise fi>r Id.s infriiiifeiueut of tiie copy- right, and that ihc stereotype-plates should cither he sent into the States or destroyed. Mr. Ramsay, finding ho could not bo a. lowed to print tills and other works, was actually ohlig- cd to dismiss many men from hisenii)loyment, who, from want of occupation in this country, were driven to tho States. IIo continued to deal extensively in this and other English school-books ; but when ho needed asnpiily, he was obliged to resort to tlio United Ktatos, the price of the work there being much low- er than that of tho copyright edition. The practical result of the matter was, that the law precluded Jlr. Ramsay from publishing these works here. Hut he continued to deal in them, only lliey were printed in the States; nnd the money of Canadian purchasers given for tliesc books, was by law compelled to bo expended in support of an American publisher, and ftjrbiddcn to bo spent upon our own ma- nufactures. I myself wrote lately to Dr. Sullivan, inform- ing him tlmt his book was in extensive circu- lation here, and that he benefited nothing by it, and ofiering him .£50 sterling for the privi- lege of exclusively printing the work in Canada, without interfering, of course, with the right of the author to introduce his English edition, or of the American publishers to introduce the re-print. In answer, I received a letter from Dr. Sullivan, informing mo that he was averse to giving nie the copyright for Canada, and refusing to do so ; but stating that ho would furnish me with tho books so low as to enable me to compete with the American jniblishers. Strange as it may appear, Dr. Sullivan offered mo the English edition at 9s. the dozen, pro- vided I took 10,000 copies in each order, while the American edition is supplied here at 8s. per doxen, and while I myiielf could publiah tho work, did the law allow me to ilo ho, at n, niucli liiwer rate. As I am interesting niysolf to a largo extent In Heboid publications, I have determined to have the work stereotypeil in the Slates fl that the stimulus thus given to these and other manufactures will not be lightly in- terfered with, nnd that ere nmny years tho manufacturers of our country will have confi- dence that our statesmen will be alive to the importance of fostering native industry. Much rcnmins to b(! done : the printer nnd publisher has no protection xi'haterer. And, Sir, I cannot too often repeat, that we do not ask for hi^h duties. All we say is, Put us on an equality with the United States. They will not alter their policy. AVe must re-model ours ; otherwise it will be impossible for Canada ever to boast of extensive i)ublishing-houses, or to bring out tho talent that is latent in tho coun- try. I and many others want to sec Canada the home of the working-man. Wo want to bo able, not to receive him coldly and tell him that he has been misled in resorting to Canada for cmi)loyment, but to hold out the hand of welcome, and hail him as an acquisitioa to the bone nnd sinew of our country. Only give MS such a policy as shall enable us to manufacture, and the number of our artisans will be increased a hundred-fold ; each needing the butcher, tho baker, the grocer, the dry- goods merchant, and hosts of other traders ; nnd all tending to produce the very wants which it is the business of a portion of them to supply. I am met, sometimes, in advocating my ideas, with tho rei)ly, " Are we going to tax tho country for the benefit of a few manufacturers ?" Now, Sir, this wholesale and dogmatical dealing with this important political question seems to me most unreasonable. The manufacturer is but a man, and to carry on his business he must employ workmen. These will not work 10 HOME INDUSTRY OP CANADA. I -I li;. for nothing, and, when they come to spend their wages in Moiitroal or elsewhere, who is benefited ? Place us, Sir, on an equal footing with the United States, that is all ; and on the Saturday night, when from five to ton thousand additional workmen, or so, go out into our streets to purchase their commodities, and spend from £10,000 to £20,000, now spent in foreign countries, let these political economists stand by and point to the sad consequences of a policy which has taxed the country for the benefit of us manufacturers. Trusting that the people of Canada will take a deeper interest in this important matter, which concerns each one of them, I am. Sir, Your obedient servant, JOHN LOVELL. Montreal, Sept. 3, 1858. PAPER DUTY. To the Editor of the Commercial Advtsrtiseu. Montreal, July 22, 1858. Sir, — In reference to the new Canadian Tariff, by which a duty of 15 per cent, is charged upon imported Printing-Paper, a change which has excited some opposition as an alleged tax upon knowledge, and which it has been said would have tlio cfllect of raising the price to the consumer 10 per cent., we desire to make a few observations in correction of these views. "We are Paper-Makers, and by far the largest manufacturers of the article in the Province, producing in our establishments one third of the whole quantity made in the country. We are prepared at the present time to furnish Three Tons of Printing-Paper per day, and can with some additions to our machinery greatly increase this amount. Instead of advancing our prices, and thus making the duty a direct bonus to the manu- facturer, we are prepared, the moment the Tariff goes into operation, to reduce the price of Printing-Paper one farthing per pound, from Vid. to 7|d., or over 3 per cent. ; and in order to meet the wishes of those who desire a lower quality, we arc now manufacturing a good Printing-Paper at G^d. per pound, expressly designed to compete with the American and German papers, and free from the mixture of clay, which makes the latter a very undesirable article for the Printer, and as low in price as an equal article can be purchased in the Ameri- can market, without the duty. We have likewise reduced the price of our Brown and Wrai)i)ing Papers. Brown Paper we sell in quantity at BJd- per pound, while an inferior article of English make cannot be laid down here for less than 4id. Our Wrap- ping-Paper we sell as low as 3d. per pound; and at these prices and a fair market, we defy competition. The object of manufacturers in contending for a high Tariff has not been to raise prices to the consumer, and thus increase their profits ; but to preserve our home market from being made, what Canada has hitherto been as re- gards foreign competition, the slaughter-house of the World, and especially of the United States. The American manufacturer, pro- tected by high duties from unfair competition in his own market, and thus enabled to dispose of the bulk of his wares at a living profit, has been enabled in times of financial difficulty, or when pressed by an accumulation of stock, to rush into this market, and turn his supplies into money by submitting to a sacrifice which, while it does him no material injury, but on the contrary maintains his prices at home, strikes a heavy blow at Canadian Industry. The Canadian Paper-Maker is thus deprived of his own market, while a duty of 25 per cent, prevents him from entering the American market, and similar high duties meet him in other countries. We are prepared for a fair competition with the manufactures of any nation in the world ; but no amount of energy, economy, and skill can survive the kind of competition to which we have been subjected hitherto. One day the English Paper-JIaker was sacrificing in our market, the next it was the American, and the next it was the German, while all of them closed tlieir markets to us. And we are pre- pared also to extend our operations, and to make in Canada, Writing-Papers, Envelopes, and many articles of a similar kind, not hither- to manufactured to any extent, and to supply the market with a better quality than the foreign ? The business of manufiicturiiig Paper in Canada has been represented as a small one,and unworthy of consideration : we will give a few facts to show that it employs a considerable capital, and aflbrds profitable labour to a great number of people. There are in Canada Thir- teen Paper-Mills, which have cost in erection at least $500,000, and which employ a capital of as much more. They give direct employ- ment to between 500 and GOO work-people, and employ besides about 400 persons constant- ly collecting rags in the country parts. We ourselves employ 100 persons in our Mills, and expect through the operations of the new Tariff i HOME INDUSTRY OP CANADA. 11 ind, while cannot be )ur Wrap- :r pound ; it, we defy ontending • e prices to iir profits ; mm being eon ns re- liter-liouse be United urer, pro- ompetition to dispose profit, has ifficulty, or f stoclc, to is supplies ifice which, iry, but on at home, I Industry, ioprived of 5 per cent. American cct him in itition with world ; but d sicill can which we le day the ing in our an, and the ill of them ve are pre- ns, and to Envelopes, not hither- [ to supply y than the Paper in lall one, and I give a few onsidcrable ir to a great inada Thir- in erection Dy a capital ct employ- ork-people, IS constant- parts. We ir Mills, and e new Tarifif to be able to employ twice as many more ; and a similar increase may be looked for in other establishments. A large proportion of those em- ployed are women and girls, a class which has hitherto been driven to the American factories to obtain employment. It may be fairly anti- cipated that the effect of the 15 per cent, duty on paper will be in a few months to give em- ployment at fair wages to a thousand opera- tives more than are now in the business ; and this eflfect will have been produced by the re- cognition of a principle which has not cost the country a farthing, but on the contrary giving the consumer a cheaper product than before. We would call attention, too, to the great increase of the value of real estate, caused by the establishment of factories in the country. When we commenced operations on the Beau- harnois Canal, a few years ago, the land in the vicinity of our Mills could have been bought on an average at XI per acre. The same land is now sold for i.'300 per cere ; and the increase is due to the manufactures in the neighbour- hood alone. We thhik these plain statements will not be without their weight upon the Free Traders yet to be found in Canada, and prepare them for the future acknowledgment, that a well pro- tected native industry is the greatest element of national prosperity and happiness, and the best means of obtaining cheap goods. We are, Sir, Your obedient servants, ALEX. BUNTIN & Co. MR. CAMERON'S VIEWS OX THE TARIFF. To THE Hon. J. II. Cameron. Sir, — There can be no doubt that the wide-spread distress existing throughout the country is solely owing to the excessive im- portation of foreign goods, to pay for a small portion of which the life's blood of the country has been drawn from it, leaving a heavy ba- lance still against us with no prospect of its liquidation except by insolvency. The cry about the farmers having bought too m\ich land at high prices may be true, but as such engagements are mostly between parties with- in the borders of the Province, the specie has not left the country to satisfy them ; conse- quently tlie enterpise of the Canadian farmer cannot properly be said to have contributed to the monetary crisis through which the country is now passing. The balance against the Colony for manu- factured goods is estimated at ten million pounds sterling, a circumstance which, when considered in conjunction with the fact of our having had prior to 1857 a series of magnificent crops, with an unprecedented high range of prices, shows that it is not to be wondered at that reflecting men should feel alarmed at the present state of affairs, more especially with the prospect of indifferent crops and low prices prevailing for some years to come. In the absence of any calamity to the country, such as war, civil commotion, pestilence, or famine, it must appear evident to you as a politician that the cause of the unparalleled de- pression observable in every direction between Quebec and Sandwicli can be remedied. If you or any one will impartially investigate the subject, — tlie immense debt of the Province for goods, the want of employment felt all over it, and the small circulation of currency for the want of specie to base it on, are traceable to the suicidal tariff that has been in force for several years back, and which has made Canada the receptacle for the surplus manufactures of all Europe and the new England States. As you are likely to become a prominent member of the Legislature of the Province, and as the principal of adjusting the Tariff to meet the requirements of the people has been con- ceded and acted on to a certain extent by the late Government, I, as an elector, without the least interest in any manufactory, desire to ascertain your views on this important subject. This question I consider paramount to every otiier nolo before the country. Parties wlio liave given the matter no incon- siderable amount of attention iu difluront sec- tions of tlie Province, consider the following modification iu the list of duties essential to the prosperity of the Colony : — First — Tea, coffee, sugar, and molasses to be admitted duty free. An abatement on the prices of these articles to the extent of the pre- vailing duties would, it is contended, increase their consumption and check the use of ardent spirits to a certain extent ; besides being equally favorable to the development of agriculture and other industrial pursuits, as the admission of breadstuffs duty free into Gre^t Britain had on the manufacturing interests of that country. Second — All raw material upon which little labor has been expended prior to its imi)ortation into the country, and which labor can be per- formed by a class of people now unemployed in Canada, at a small rate of duty not to exceed 2J per cent. Third — Merchandise, sufh as silks, satins, fine cloths, fine linens, chinawarc, costly wines and liquors, and articles generally consumed 12 HOME INDUSTRY OP CANADA. ( 1 I by the rich and worn by the ornamental por- tion of the community, at such rates of duties as will produce sufficient revenue to meet the expenses of Government. I will be pleased to hear of your views being favorable to the carrying out the above policy. Yours, &c., THOMAS BRUNSKILL. Toronto, 9th A;igust, 1858. Toronto, 10th August, 1858. My dear Sir, — I liavc received your commu- nication of yesterday, .and in answer beg leave to inform you that my views in reference to the Tariff are very similar to your own. I am desirous that every possible encouragement Bhall be given to the introduction of manufac- turing establishments among our own people, relieving all those articles that are considered the necessaries of life — sucli as tea, sugar, &c. —as much as possible, if not altogether, from duty, and placing the duties to a greater extent upon articles of luxury ; and I believe that were a policy of tiiis kind carried out by the Government, it would do more to allay the existing distress, and restore us to something like our former prosperity, than any other course that could be adopted. Yours truly, J. HILL YARD CAMERON. Tho-was BnuNSKiLL, Esq. THE GREAT POLICY FOR CANADA IS TO E.V COURAGE HOME MANUFAC- TURES AND TO PREPARE FOR AN AMERICAN ZOLVEREIN WHENEVER THIS IS OFFERED TO US BY THE UNITED STATES. To induce the United States to reciprocate with us, and to have no internal Custom Houses, we must of course be prepared to join Avith the U. S. in establishing an American Zolverein, or Protective Policy against the degraded labour of Europe. At first sight, most people suppose England would be averse to such a policy ; but the letters lately received from manufacturers, prepared, undpr sufficient protection, to transfer from England and other European countries to Canada, their machinery and hands, show that there is a strong party at Home, who sec the necessity of decentralizing British manufac- tures. They see that this, namely. Reciprocity between Canada and United States, is the only possible way in which the British Empire can attain Free Trade with tlie United States ; and in view of so magnificent a result, the question of whether British subjects are to manufacture the goods in one part of the Empire or another, dwindles into insignificance. As to the interests of Canada, it is clear that such a policy would bring into play Its immense dormant resources, in water-power and raw material, increase the demand for labour, generally, as well as supply our farmers with a market for a diversity of agricultural productions, the iieccmtilij of which is so clearly shown us by (he present insect rava- ges of the wheat crop. And as regards our present course in the en- courgement of home manufactures, the follow- ing from the last Circular to its local branches, of the Association for the Promotion of Cana- dian Industry, shows wliat practically can be done in the mean time Ijy us : — " The Executive Committee takes tliis oppor- tunity to press upon you tlic necessity of conti- nuing the present organization for the purpose of defending tlie ground which has been gained, as well .as insisting on Parliament completing the measures necessary to the i)romotion of Canadian manufactures. These are: First, The abolition at the earliest possible moment of the entire duty on Tea, Sugar, and such other arti- cles as the United States manufacturers enjoy duty free. Second, The gradual reduction of the duties on general merchandize which Cana- da does not produce or manufacture ; putting in lieu of these, an increase of duty on such goods as are from time to time added to the category, of Canadian manufactures. Among these, it is believed, coarse cotton fabrics will be included, so soon as manufacturers in Eng- land and the United States can be assured of an incidental protection of from five to ten per cent, more than the present duty." A MEMnEi> OP THE "Association fou thb Promotion op Canadian Industry." A PRACTICAL VIEW OF WHAT SHOULD BE THE FUTURE POLITICS OF CANADA. WHAT ARE TO BE OfR POLITICAIi PRINCIPLES IN THE FCTURE? AVe now open our eyes to the fact, that Cana- dian politics in the past have been founded on abstract principles, instead of great interests ; and parties have hitherto not been so much em- bodiments of principle, as conspiracies of men to trip up their opponents' heels on abstract questions that cannot fill the belly. Let us de- cide, then, that for the future we will hoot from the hustings any man who does not admit the material interests of the people to be the first and only vital question of Canadian politics. Both parties in politics will thus be recognized HOME INDUSTRY OF CANADA. 13 3r another, lie interests licy would , resources, ncrease tbo U as supply iiversity of y of which is insect rava- in tlie cn- tlic follow- il 1) ranches, in of Cana- ially can be ? this oppor- iity of conti- the purpose been gained, t completing )romotion of e : First, The loment of the :li other arti- cturers enjoy reduction of : whicli Cana- ;ure ; putting iuty on such added to the ires. Among n fabrics will urcrs in Eng- be assured of ive to ten per ATION FOR THB AN Industry." \T SHOULD W CANADA. PRINCIPLES IN ,ct, that C ana- en founded on •eat interests ; n 80 much em- iracies of men Is on abstract [y. Let us de- will lioot from not admit the to be the first Eidian politics. be recognized by the people as their friends, whatever means each may think the best through which to at- tain the greatest amount of well-paid employ- ment for the masses. And this happy consu- mation attained, our dilfcrences, politically, for the future will simply be as follows : one party will maintain tliat the best mode of attaining the common object all liave in view, tiie secur- ing/or our own people of the greatest amount of well-paid employment, is by means of /rcc trade^ or the unrestricted introduction of the produc- tions of foreign labor ; and by means of the direct taxation of our own laborers, in preference to raising the necessary revenue as much as possible by import duties on foreign labour. And the other party will liold the directly con- trary opinion, believing tliat free trade and di- rect taxation are not tlie best means to secure and increase the cmi)loyment of our own people, whicli botli parties agree to regard the first ob- ject of Legislation. now AHE THESE PRINCIPLES TO liE WORKED? Tlie following circular, issued by Mr. Bu- chanan to the Members of tlie Legislative As- sembly, is a short and practical view of the present critical position : — "House of Asskmblv, 2nd July, 1858. Sir, — Both among those Members who, lilce myself, are anxious, if possible, to sustain the present Ministry, and among those who suppose that a better Ministry, as a matter of indivi- duals, could be formed, there are, I believe, a great majority of independent men who view the subject of the luays and means of the people, an infinitely more vital consideration than the ways and means of any government, and whose principles lead tliem to insist on Canadian Home Manufactures being sustained and created. Why, then, should we not unite and force on whatever Government is, or may be, in power, the adoption in Canada of the Tariff of the United States, or so much of it as suits our somewhat different circumstances as a country. There is unparalleled distress in the Province, which we see can never be relieved but by our keeping in tlie country some portion of the money which we will get from the coming har- vest. We are driven therefore to look not altoge- ther to considerations of Revenue, but to avoid importing foreign labour in the shape of commo- dities, to the greatestpossible extent. Wcmust at once hasten to lay the foundation for the intro- duction from Europe and the United States into this Province {or within operation of the Currency Laws of Canada) of manufacturing capitalists with their capital, hands and machi- nery, this being the only means to create gene- ral employment to all classes, and a home mar- ket for our agricultural productions. Hosts of such manufacturing capitalists are known to be ready to come to Canada, if they were enabled to do so safely by the Legislature pledging itself to encourage Canadian Industry in preference to Foreign." And the Hon. W. H. Mbrritt subsequently stood up in the House, and stated that ho was prepared to co-operate in Mr. Buchanan's views, or, in other words, with the principles lately set forth in the Pamphletof the Association for the promotion of Canadian Industry. He had al- ways gone for Free Trade, as the best policy for Canada ; but he now saw that the Americans would never give it while they found us pre- pared to continue our present childish course of affording to their manufacturers in Canadian markets, greater privileges than they afford to ours in the markets of the United States. Ho (Mr. Merritt) would therefore agree, that Cana- da should impose the same duties on ^imerican manufacturers as are imposed on ours by the United States^ on the condition that the Protec- tionists of Canada agree to advocate perfect Reciprocity with that country in manufactur- ing as well as agricultural iiroduclions, the moment this is in the power of Canada. The following Petition was unanimously adopted at a public meeting of Delegates from various parts ofCanada,held in the St. Lawrence Hall, Toronto, April 14, 1858: To the Honorable the /legislative Jssembly of the Province of Canada in Parliament assembled : The memorial of the undersigned merchants, manufacturers, and others from the various sec- tions of the said Province, assembled in public meeting at Toronto, Respectfully Sheweth : That your memorialists desire to call the at- tention of Your Honorable House to the depres- sion which all branchts of manufactures and commerce now suffer in the Province, and to the necessity that exists for a consideration of the causes to which this depression is wholly or in part attributable. That in the opinion of your memorialists, the difficulties now exjierienced by all classes of the community are, in a large degree, the consequence of the unfair competition to which the present Tariff of the Province exposes its various branches of industry ; and tliat with a view to the promotion of general prosperity, a re-adjustment of the scale of duties levied upon imports, has become an absolute necessity. 14 HOME INDUSTRY OF CANADA. That the existing Tariff is based upon errone- ous principles, inasmuch as it admits at low rates of duty the manufactures of other coun- tries, which are thus brought into collision with a class of labor now in Canada not fitted for agricultural pursuits ; and charges high rates on articles that cannot be produced within our boundaries. That apart from the prevailing depression, the present Provincial Tariff operates disadvan- tageously by preventing the influx of capital, which, under due encourngement, would be introduced and applied for the development of our natural resources ; and, moreover, to limit thescope of industry so as to offer impediments in the way of skill, and largely lessen the attrac- tiveness of Canada as a field for immigration. That a re-adjustment of the Tariff, if governed by principles in themselves just, will materially benefit every class of the community, without in any manner crippling the Customs revenue. That in the judgment of your memorialists such a re-adjustment should recognize as dis- tinctive principles : the admission duty free, or at low rates of duty, of raw materials for manu- facture not produced in tl>e Province. The admission free of duty, or at low rates, of articles entering largely into general consump- tion and not comjieting with the natural pro- ducts of Canada, — and the levying of higher duties upon articles entering into competition with articles m,.nufactured, or which, with due encouragement, may be manufactured by our people. That your memorialists, representing diver- sified industrial and mercantile interests, and having ample opportunities of ascertaining the wants and convictions of the classes witli whom they co-operate, urge upon Your Honorable House the expediency, in the change of the Tariff sought, of proceeding upon the following posi- tions as guiding-points in the work of Tariff Reform : — 1. All raw material upon which there is but a small amount of labor expended prior to its importation, and leaving the larger proportion of labor to be performed in Canada, it is con- sidered should beadmittedfree, orata duty not to exceed 2 J per cent. 2. Articles entering largely into consumption in tliis country, and wliich Canada cannot produce, such as Tea, Coffee, Raw Sugar, Molasses, &c., should not he charged with a high rate of duly, but should be admitted free, or at the lowest possible rate consistent with the requirements of tiie Revenue. 3. Merchandize in tlie Dry Goods, Hardware, and Crockery Trades, being articles of luxury or for use, and not likely for some time to be manufactured in this country, and of which some are used to form parts of the goods and wares manufactured in Canada, should bo chargeable with a medium rate of duty of about 15 per cent, as at present, or not to exceed 20 per cent., but at the rate of about 10 per cent, below what may be charged on articles coming directly into competition with our own manufactured products. 4. All manufactures in Wood, Iron, Tin, Brass, Copper, Leather, India Rubber, &c., competing with our industrial products, as more fully specified in the projiosed list of articles and duties now submitted and adopted, should be charged a duty of about 25 per cent., except- ing ;— Books, Drawings, &c. which should be charged with a duty of 10 to 15 per cent. Cottons and Woollens, Cordage, Lines, and Twines, with a duty of 20 per cent. Clothing and Wearing-Apparel, with a duty of 30 per cent. That your memorialists believe that the im- mediate effect of a revision of the tariff according to the scale now suggested, would be to mitigate the despondency perceptil)le in every quarter, to create a feeling of confidence in the minds of resident capitalists, to attract the attention of foreigners to our magnificent manufacturing resources, to stimulate enterprise among our mechanics and artizans, twid import fresh vigour to our agricultural population. Thatyourmemorialists,in conclusion, respect- fully pray that Your Honorable House will be pleased to give prompt consideration to the whole subject, and adopt without delay such changes as may be found essential to the pro- motion of the great public interests that are involved, and as to your wisdom may seem meet. And your Memorialists will ever pray. Signed in behalf of the Meeting. W. B. JARVIS, Chairman. ISAAC BUCHANAN. W. RODDEN. W. Weir, THOS. BRUNSKILL. Secretary. D. C. GUNN. I Extract from the Toronto Atlas. It is really surprising to notice the assurance of tlicse jiretended friends of the Canadian people. Their attempts to misrepresent the views of the Tariff Reformers is no less unfair than contemptible. The first object of the As- sociation for the Promotion of Canadian Indus- HOME INDUSTRY OF CANADA. IS e time to be nd of which le goods and , should be luty of about jxceed 20 per rcent. below ning directly Qanufactured I, Iron, Tin, Rubber, &c., lucts, as more 3t of articles opted, should cent., except- ild be charged fe, Lines, and lit. 1, with a duty a that the im- iriff according be to mitigate jvery quarter, I in the minds , the attention nanufacturing se among our rt fresh vigour usion, respect- House will be ration to the ut delay such ial to the pro- rests that are om may seem ^er ])ray. g- 'IS, Chairman. HANAN. IN. NSKILL. 1^. Atlas. e the assurance the Canadian isreprescnt the no less unfair bject of the As- lanadian Indus- try, is to secure to the poor man,/ree of duty, tea, sugar, molasses, and all other necessaries of life which cannot be produced with advan- tage in the country. They demand that the duties required for the purposes of revenue should be placed mainly on those articles which can be manufactured in the country. They maintain that if we put a tax of sixpence per pound on tea, which we cannot j>roduce, we raise the price of the article to that extent; whereas if we put on a tax of sixpence a-pair on India-rubber shoes, wo do not raise the price one farthing, but compel the foreigners to pay the duty, othcrwii^c he cannot compete with the home manufacturer. Ten years ago, under a low Tariff which kept down our manu- facturers, men's rubbers were Vs. Od. per pair; now, with a duty of twenty per cent., they are 53. For thirty years the American Tariff has been from ten to twenty per cent, liigher than tlie Canadian, and yet the Americans have their manufactures so mucii cheaper than us, that we import a large quantity from them and pay from 15 to 20 per cent. duty. The advocates of home industry desire to give the Canadian farmers the advantages enjoyed by those of England and the Eastern States, who, having the factories beside them, get more for all they have to sell, and pay less for what they have to buy, than if the factories remained at a distance. Let us give a simple illustra- tion. Last winter the price of wool in the country parts of Canada was about 9d. per lb. The price of good American cloth was 3s. 9d. In the New England States the price of wool was Is. 3d., and the price of the same cloth 2s. 6d., so that the American farmer, under a duty of 25 per cent., got one yard of cloth for ht)0 pounds of wool, while the Canadian farmer, under a duty of 15 per cent., had to give five pounds of wool for the same quantity. How is this? Simiily because the wise policy of the United States, by shutting out the foreign manufactures, enabled their own people to in- troduce the very best machinery with the cer- tainty of a market; while the low Tariff of Canada permitted the manufacturers of Eng- land to glut our markets, and thus destroy all security in the success of Canadian manufac- tures. The Times is indignant at the idea of taxing agricultural implements ; but to tax the foreign implement is not to raise the price, for the Americans tax such goods coming into their market 24 per cent., and yet they have them much cheaper than the Canadians. Now, if our mechanics had the market to themselves, by increasing their business, and improving their machinery, they could very soon reduce the price, and home competition would com- pel them to do so. As regards printing-paper, we have only to refer to the fact, that since the New Tariff was passed, the principal paper- maker in this country has reduced the price of his i)aper about three per cent. The allu- sion to the duty on son;) is almost beneath our contempt, and shows witli what ignorant as- surance some people will write. In Montreal, where the complaint originated among a few importers, it is well known that while the soap factories are in operation every good house- wife will sell almost sufficient ashes to pur- chase her soap ; but import the refuse of tho English factories, and you at once shut up your own, render your ashes worthless, and not only have to pay cash for your soap, but have to send that cash out of the country. Again, let us consider what would be the effect of a high Tariff, so fur as our shipping and railway interests are concerned. Already under the New Tariff, the Cobourg Woollen Factory is about to go into operation. The wool now carried to Rochester and other American cities, will be carried over our own railways or steamers to Cobourg. The Hour to feed the people will take the same direction. The merchant to buy the goods Avill follow suit. The cloth of the merchant will return in tho same way, and bye and bye the collector ; thus making six different freights to our own lines of travel, which now pass over the Amer- ican railroads. But all these advantages are small compared with those which are derived from the money being kept in the country. Suppose the Woollen Factory at Cobourg em- ploying one thousand hands, and manufactur- ing one hundred thousand pounds worth of goods per annum — and that is only the tenth part of the quantity now imported — what would be the effects of such an establishment on the Town of Cobourg and the surrounding country? Would the thirty thousand pounds per annum paid in wages, impoverish the far- mers or make their farms less valuable ? Would they be likely to pay more for their cloth than when it was imported from abroad ? Would they not, on the other hand, as has been shown, be likely to get more for their wool, their fire- wood, butter, eggs, beef, mutton, &c., and pay less for their cloth, than they now do ? Let such a policy be adopted, and the Town of Cobourg will soon be in a position to pay its debt to the Government, which till then must remain a burden on the people of Canada. PRINTKD av JOllS LOVIiLL, AT IDE CANADA llIUECroJiV OFFICE, MONTKEAI, n PROSPECTUS OF He Printf f ttoittt^t AND ADVOCATE OP HOME INDUSTRY. A new Weekly Joiimal ; jirice S2 per anmim, imyable in advance. ^ II I The object of the "Puotectionist" is to advocate the adoption of a Commercial policy in Canada better adopted to the circumstances of the country, — a policy by which its Agricultural and Manufacturing capabilities will be more fully developed, our people encouraged to rely upon their own resources, tlie constant drain upon our cash capital tlirough excessive iniportationa arrested, and such inducements offered to capitalists to engage in Manufactures amongst us &s will place the ju-osperity of the country on a more permanent basis. It will be the object of the "Protectionist" to show that the interests of the Agriculturalist and JIanufacturer are inseparable, and that upon the prosperity of these mainly depends that of every other class in tlie community. While advocating llie greatest economy in the public expenditure, the "PnoTKCTiONiST" will urge such reforms in the present Tariff as will admit, /rcc of duty, all raw material for manufac- turing purposes, as well as Tea, Sugar, Molasses, and other articles of general consumption not produced in the country, and place higli duties upon articles which come in competition with our home industry ; thus assimilating our Tariff to that of the United States, whicli affords a greater amount of security for the investment of capital in Manuf\icturcs, without increasing the burdens of the people. The mercantile interests have hitherto absorbed almost all the banking Capital of the coun- try, thus enabling the foreign inii)ortcr to crusli more easily tjie domestic manufacturer. It will be the object of tlie " Protkctio.vist" to show that the wages of labour afford the only means of securing a large and steady circulation ; the excessive importation of foreign goods and conse- quent demand for gold or excliange, being in the end alike destructive of tlie interests of the Merchant, tlie Banker, and the Manufacturer. To advocate these views, and to disseminate cor- rect information respecting the advantages Canada now offers for the investment of Capital in Manufactures, will be the principal object of the "Pkotectionist" ; and while identified with no political party, it Avill press upon all the importance of giving more attention to questions affect- ing our material interests. The aspect of political parties at the present time renders the publication of such a Journal of great importance. Whether the present Government remain in oflice or another succeed it, it is the duty of the friends of Home Manufactures to see that the present or any succeeding Ministry are sound on this question, and to demand from all parties seeking to represent the Country in either branch of the Legislature, a full exposition of their views. In choosing a name obnoxious to many from its association with the Monopolists of England, we have to explain that we accept it only in the sense in which it is understood in the United States, and as defined by the celebrated Henry Clay in these words: "In times of peace the duties on imports should be equal to the expense of an economical Government, and there should be discrimination in the Tariff to foster and encourage domestic manufactures." Orders and Advertisements for the "Protectionist" must be addressed to the Subscriber, or to any of the following Agents. WILLIAM WEIR, King Street, Toronto. AGEJIVTS. JOHN LOVELL, Montreal, C. E. D. SMART Port Hope, C. W. TAYLOR & WILSON, . . . .London, C. W. E. HURD Travelling Agent. The Protectionist. — This is the name of a new paper just published in Toronto. The sub- jects it professes to discuss will gain for it a prominent position in the future history of Canadian journalism. May it meet with liberal encouragement and support. — Cayuga (C. W.) Sentinel, Sept. 23. nee. •cial policy in i Agricultural 1 to rely upon 1 importationa mongst us a3 griculturalist ipcnds that of 3TI0MST" will for manufac- isumption not ition witli our orJs a greater g the burdens 1 of the coun- ;urer. It will Dnly means of s and conse- itercsts of the iseminate cor- of Capital in .tified with no estions affect- uch a Journal succeed it, it ly succeeding represent the ts of England, in the United of peace the i there should Subscriber, or Toronto. idon, C. W. welling Agent. to. The sub- Y of Canadian W.) Sentinelf