^. ^ ^ "^7^^^ o /^>.^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I l^|2£ WIS IL25 i 1.4 1.6 Photographic Sciences Coiporalion <^ f>iit H. V (•1(»SC<1 tiiluM' iiiid coinpUi acid. A ntti Coin Tant Tuni StiiD Yttr Ceri Uriii Man Ferr Lini Mag I'otji Rodi Flu Wal • Ai>i»iron t The pfe? H PAfll 13 13 13 If) 15 CIIK-MICAL CoMTUIHUTKtNS To TIIK GEOLOGY OF CANADA KlloM THK LAHOUATOHY <)K TUB SUHVKY, IIY C. CHRISTIAN HOFFMANN, F. Inst. Chtni. MlK...cnt.utc.l s.ilplMn.c acid. Analysis gave :— Coliiinliic mid. ) r.5.4l' Tantrtlic Acid.. ( _ Tungstic Acid " ^^^ Stiinnii acid ... 14. <4 Yttrinnnixidet , -o ... •»• '" Cerium oxidiKt 10 75 Uriinitim oxide (UO,) ^1 MannanouH oxide ^^.^ ForiouK oxide r, _ ;j8 Lime ' " * ' jj MagncBiii ^ .y^ I'ofaiKli 21^ ^"''» t'W'^- Fluorine .^ ., j Water _1 — yi'.ot H 1 II aKdI.tMlM'.VI, HrilVKT OK CANADA. A ^'riiMiiiH' of Ihit rimcului-i/.iHj an atnoiiiit III |tulas,-.iiiiii p«-i'inaii;{aiialt> (' iisidc. The wilier wa> «'X|ieiliM| hy i^^niiinn and enlleelod in a cliloridf of eaiciiiiii liilic. iNmm.\r«n ri,.\v. Iiiiliirati'il rliiy Iroiii .MiitiiiiiliH. I- rom SoiiriH Cily, Soin-is Kiver, Maiiitol •a. Slnicliire, ii>iii|iacl. Color, liyhi hluish ^r,-,.y. LiiNire, .lull. Sinootli, lint iiieii;,'ret<> llie I -Ii. A'llieies Nti<.iin;ly I., the loii^'iie. Toii^^h. Soiiu!- whal HoiiuroiiN. llanliiesN, alN>iil ;{. Kiaeliire, inr^yiilar, oeeaHioiially iiii|ieil'er||y lari^e cniulinidal. May lie j,'ile |ioW(lei', wliieli lonns willi water a jilawlie |iaHte. (leojoi^ieaj |iii>ilioii, ( 'relaeeoiis - ( i'ierre liiri Th more or Ioms nation.) is h^iH'viim'ii wan (olleeled liy Dr. A. Hi'. Selwyii, who at (he lime of hamliii^' it lo mo oxpnwrted the opiiiion thai, it would, in all |>rol»ii. hility. |irove an excellent matnial for tin- maiiiiliietiire of lniildiiig liriek ; a Hii|i|iof*ition, the eorivetiieHh of wliieli lia^ liecii fully horiio out liy uctiial exptM'iineiil. For the purpoMe of liriek making,', th »Hly _ . laKiii;,', this mateiial rt'ipiiie.s — a^'icoa!..^ with the present expericiiee -iio a»'t' It ..>houlil in praclicall An analy eiiiploymeii of a conleiii ot our lire I nil Krom I Ik reference U the above, •That II limestoiiu * geiilly, wli surface, ai nIoiic. 11 rising up ' its existei w'lis first ( Itrancb, bi banks of 1 base, for i one liundi tion of ; wIh'Ic tin iis black i and in nil terrai-es in sluggi woods. with a hi Ihis cruH and UHC plastic ei weather ing the From tho Cle! Clir.MK'AI. r«»NTRIHI'TI<»NH. :( II „„. i,„,, ,..,hut i. M »>-. 1 ' «-"'l>- >""l'l".v-' '■■■••""' ,.f iHir tin- clavH. ... .1^1. tiiMVii vi.-'l' \K 'iK MAI/rilA. IJITI'MINnlS S.\NI. H'Mk .\NI» MINKIIAI. IA« From tlio A(lial>;iH»ii or ,.;„. liiv,.,— N...tl. wrsi -IVnilnrv Willi Itihiiiiin-ii nil'i'iM'k .iikI 11' ,t,.,vnr.. l..llH'Kfol..t;inil pMsilion un.l j; I t'ciHTiii iiumIo «>r <»« en ril'IU*' 111 liliiK'nil •'<" IPMIlllllNllllll- <«i>,i.iis ii'^i' l.iit n'r.l> -lintlly "i|«'ii n,..Mo„e of 11... Devonian sy^tom. "'^' ";' ' ^, . , Lvns a, its ,„,ly, wlMl.- .1.0 asphalli. sa...l h.s u. "^ ' ^ ! . ' ... „.l li....- •:u.fa:o. a...> i tills ........OS ... '• 3 •' ,,, ,,,.,,.,„„ .„„,... Tl.o as,.l.al.U- ...a.lc- Las no .lo..l.. ;',.,,..„,„,, .,,• . •• ti... iiiiilHrlviiiL' »t'Voiiian loiks. i.i v\m'"' ' ,is.nf, ..,. ..... o. "' ' •^ ;^ ,,, .U.s,.....linK' tl.^- A'«'"'-- '"^'"' " its o.\iston»»' «a.i l-o .li-.ituti. ^- «'lrai\va.i-f was .-..St ..v.l a low ...il.. ul.vo ,1.. ,un . • ,„.,,,.„„,..,. ono ln..a«.v.l an.l tifly .oot ... lu-.^l. , '""^ • .,.,^,,,„,..,. K,...,.. ,,,„ .,, ,,,.„., ,,,e l.u..a.-o.l ice. lo.- ';';'-^ :.y ,..,.. ..ally look „„,.i.. Til. .«<■>■«'■ •''•^ ';'7' tl ;i ,1 .-ivo,- i..«.k .i"""Ki' Ing the boulde.-s a,.d pebbles in their eou.HC. mT.IMlNt)l!H SANI»-IU»«'1<- JXa™.- 'X"; Ly' 1..-. B. Wi. Thi. ...chno,, »» co.puct ■* ^ OBOLOOlCAf SURVEY OF CANADA. ?a'»e"kr ""f homogeneous in appoumnco. and of a dull, dark browninh blaolc CO or. SpecHc gravity at at 60^ F. 2.040. At the tompo..tuTe ot 50o F J ick:y , at 00 |.. ,t b..come.s r^uUe soft and eminently soiJH the finders pa™,«, ,he bi,„,„e„ had „o„.tit„W ,„e ^iTZ^l^'^:""' "' '"""""'■ Jot r""""'™ ^'' '"'» ^P*'™™ "'■ "■« -1' ™ found l„ be a. Ditutuuu Water, mechanically included . . .... ! ' ' ^ ''" SfliceouB sand . . ^-^^^ •■ 81.73 100. «vii., iiuwcAti, roj the most part, more or less diill^l i.,r ..k St:" " '7 "'""^ '"' "'-^ -■-■ -■ ""Mt"::^ ::„„■; handed „ .mail ,„a„t,ty for n,icro,..„pi,.al cxaminalioM-inli,,™. ,„e „ rZ°L T """ "'■ '""T'-- 1' ■» «" «- "hol» exccodi ; ; «n ■ 62 pe the teniperatui-e of 65 F if ia nn.-f^ 1 i /• ""'""^' "i aspn.ilt. At with aLmme, andit is u'dl^^ r^'^Xta"^ verulent condition • at 100" F i/ h!. ,. "on-coherent p„l- Blightly adhesive ' at 50o R ;:: VT \'' T "r.' '^"^ '^ ^"'^ sticky; at 200" F it is oni J«n v , t "''' """^ '"^ somewhat J, ^vu r.n IS quite soft, and may be readily moulded. MALTHA OB MINERAL-TAR browninh-black raturo of 50° F. Ill dooH iiDt soil I'lfl iH slightly >ilH tJjo fingers, •ysliglitly uta OHeiie, bcjzine liitJool' carbon, be biliiminouH and leaving a I, of which a]) 3diiim. iund to be as CHEMFCAIi CONTRIBUTIONS. 6h iinftequently I, the surfaces ubrayion : it I — 1<) whom 1 forms me, an iugly Hne, 52 the linear cent, one of iig Ji balance i-ane, of this bich differs imxch water asphalt. At shipped off )herent pul- and is only 1 somewhat ied. !8 below its • Cochi-ane. This material also occurs at several other points further down the river, and is identical with that referred to in the prefatory remarks. The sample in question had a pitchy-black coloi', in thin layers and by transmitted light, rich dai-k reddish-brown. The specific gravity at eO'" F. was found to bo 1.023; at this temperature it has the consistence of a soft extract, and will barely How ; at lO" F., flows, but sluggishly, whilst at 100" F. it has the consistence of treacle. As regards tho utilization of these substances, — the most appropriate Economic uses application of the former and that for which it would appear to be admir- ous^'san^'-rTk?' ably adapted, would be for asphalting purposes. It has one of the most important qualifications of a good bituminous concrete, viz., intimate combination of the mineral and organic cimstituents, and this in a degree which no artificial preparation of the ' ' 1 could be expected to possess. It will, in all probability be found, thai., very slight treatment will ren- der it suitable for employment in the construction of roads, foot-paths, court-yards, etcetera ; for asphalting the flooring of granaries, basements of warehouses and the like, and further as a roofing material. Should it be deemed more expedient to separate the bitumen, this may be effected by simply boiling or macerating the material with hot water, when the bituminous matter, entering into fusion, will rise as a scum Extraction of to the surface and may be removed by skimmers, whilst the sand falls to the bottom of the vessel. An experiment was made in order to ascertain the greatest state of purity to which the bitumen could be brought by this method ; it was found, that of the 81.7.3 per cent, sand, (J9.26 per cent, bad been removed, the extracted bitumen containing 50.1 per cent, sand, and — owing to the exti'eme fineness of a portion of this latter, as already mentioned — it nuvy be ([uestioned if the purification, by this method, could be pushed much beyond this. The sand separated by this process, when carefull}^ conducted, is frep or almost free from bitumen, and might, after being heated to redness in a reverberatory furnace — to destroy any little adhering bitumen — be advantageously employed for the manufacture of one of the better qualities of glass. The above treatment requires but the simplest of appliances and might be readily carried out on the spot. The amount of maltha at my disposal was far too small to warrant Economic uses any attempt at its distillation. Should it occur in sufficient quantity, °*"'* ***"'"'• it might possibly, amongst other uses, be advantageously employed as a crude material for the manufacture of illuminating and lubricating oils and parrafin. Sh aEOLOOICAI- SURVEY OP CANADA. NATURAL WATPUIS. J;;'.tar1,m''"'" '^^'^ ^»'"owing lake and river waters from the North-west Territorv &&' were collected at the instance of Mr. A. S. Cochrane, whilst conductin-^ a .survey in the section of country in question, and handled to me bv him for examination. Mr. Kra.dv D. Adams has conducted a qualilative analysis of these wafers, and also estimated the amount of (otal dissolved solid matter oonlaiiKMl i„ them. The results obtained bv him were as stated below. fc't::""^ l.-Roindeer LaUe.-This water was taken from an open .space between Re.nde..L,..e. tbo islands, about ten miles above the outlet of Ihe lake Ce of collection. July 25th, 1881. There was a small quantity of flocoulent suspended matter of a ycllowish-brown coh.r. After filtration the water had a faint brownish-yellow tinge. The specific gravity at IS..^*^ C was found to be 1000.04, and the total dis.solved solid matter dried at 100° C amounted to 2.02 grains to the Imjjerial gallon.-It contained : ' Pota..sa and soda. ... A very Hnmll quantity, pota«8a predominating I^'mt' A slight trace. " ^' Magnesia A trace. '^''"''* A very small quantity. Carbonic acid A mere trace. Ctilorine A trace. E.vaminiitionof 2 (tliiii-cliill m- Pi><>.i:,^l. T>:.. mi • water fn.iu "• '^ '""("•" "I English Eiver.— This samp e was taken fi-nm fi fci...i »„„.o ,.f Mk. ,.ive, „to„. ,i. „,„« a, Je the Ke e F»l Ce ot collection, .Tiily 28th, 1881. ® There was a large (p.antity of Hocculent suspende.1 matter of a hght brown color. After tiltratioi, the water had a pale brownish ellow tinge. ,t. specific gravity at IS.S'^ C., was 1000.17. Tie t'.tal dissolved solid matter-dried at 100'> C^,-umounted to 7 90 grains per Imperial gallon.-Tt contained : «" to 7 . % r.vtassa and soda. ... A rather large ,,uautity, potaasa predominating. ^'"^^ A small quantity. '^''*«"^'«'» A very small quantity. ^''"'* A somewhat large amount Carbonic iici.t A very small quantity. <^''''"""« A small quantity. Examination of 3. — Saskatchewan River Tnha,^ <•..««. n , „ . water from "^"" '"^ i^' •— laken Irom the centre of the rivei- nlm.,f „ .„;.,*.„, ,u«„,. „,„ ,„i,e holow the .i„„..ti„„ „f the mg-sZ^lZ^^^ Ot collection, August 3re object of the enquiry did nU call for a more extended examination. He hm alHO examined samples of magnetite from other lots and langes-in this town.hip, in order to ascertain if they contained titanium dioxide or no, and with the following results : specimens f om lot five, and the east half of lot ten of the twelfth ran^e as also a specimen from the twelfth lot of the seventh range were found to be quite free from the same. ' Magnetite from .j . „ Th..nderBa., .^— A very fine crystalline, dark steel-grey colored magnetite'' from location seven, Thunder-Bay, Lake Superior, was found to contain : Metallic iron T. , . , ., 49.02 luKohible residue 24.61 This specimen was perfectly free from titanium dioxide. Magptitenon. 4.-Magnefic iron ore from the seventeenth lot of the eleventh ran^e Fro„tenae.Ont. of the township of Olden, county of Frontenac. OntarL ^ Massive, structure, coarse-crystalline. Color, greyish-black lustre, n^etallic. A partial analysis gave as follows : ^"'^'""'^ l'"^^ --^'^^-^ 68.146 h eiTous oxide „r„. , 28.976 Water, hygioHcopie InHoluble residue 1.364 Metallic iron, total amount of 7o^ This specimen was perfectly free fiora titanium dioxide. CLAY IRON-STONE. trZ nS-""' The following seven specimens of clay iron-stone from the Nortl, we.,e Ternto.. west Territory, were collected by Dif G. M. DawsoT by whom they were submitted to me for examination, accompanied by the follow.,^ notes in regard to their geological position and general mode of occurrence, in that section of country. He says : CHEMICAL roNTRIBlITtONS. 9h e sixth range ed by Mj-. F. 45.87 trni'e 28. 5C ire extended ther lots and ey contained : specimens fth range, as range, were rnetite'from i to contain : J9.02 24.61 side. renth range 0. eyish-bjack- .146 .976' .059 .364 .238 ide. tlie North- by whona ied by the nd general • It may be statod goiioraily, that iron-stone occurs in greaforor Jretaceons and Laramie or I""'.'.?""'".'" less abundance at all iroiiei , , horizons of the Cl.iy irnn-Hlone wof t Territory- Port Union beds, whother of marine or fresh water origin tluoii<>-h- "•''"''"' """'•^ out the Nortli-west Territory. Notwithstanding (liis general tlistribution, iiowever, no locality yet observed is capable ot yielding tliis ore in such great (piantity as to justify a belief in its immediate commercial value. The iron-stone occurs either in nmlular masses, ibilowing certain layers of the shales, sandy-clays and clays of the formations above referred to, or in more or less regular nodular siieets inlercalafed between the beds. To those localities in which a considerable number of iron-stone bearing bands occur in ])r()ximity in a moderate thickness of beds, the greatest importance attaches, and in some of these it may eventually be proved profitable to work over the entire banks foi- their extraction. The analyses so far made tend to shew the high position which these iron-stones hold among ores of the same class, both as to percentage of iron and ' freedom from injurious elements. In the Pierre shales exposed in Pembina Mountain and its vicinity, the iron-stone so fai- discovered is of inferior quality, and the ore is not abundant. Further west, in the Lignitic (Foi-t Union) formation of the Souris i-egion, iron-stone is much more abundant and often occurs on the surface in large quantities, where it has been left as the soft containing beds wei'e denuded away. In the region drained by the South Saskatchewan and its tri- butaries, the Pierre shales contain a much larger propoi'tion of iron-stone than they do in their eastern exposures, and in some places may yet prove to hold deposits of economic importance. Numbers 5 and 8 of the pi-esent series of analyses are of ore derived from this subdivision of the Ci-etaceous, the former occurr- ing in nodules of large size and in considerable abundance in scarped banks on the Bow Biver, the latter in the immediate vicinity of the main coal seam on the Belly Kiver, but in a layer only a few inches thick. Number 1 is also probably from this horizon, and occurs forming a series of beds each a few inches in thickness, which are intercalated in black shales in such great number as to form a considerable proportion of the whole. The locality is near the mouth of Kananaskis River, a short distance from the Bow River fall. Specimen number 9 is fi-om a series of pale sandstones and sandy clays which underlie the Pierre shales, and contain in some exposures very large quantities of iron-stone nodules, remarkable from their great size and septarian character. ^^ " <)E()r,OOrOAL SlfRVEY OF OANADA. Fr'.Z ter°- 7''f '''"n-^tono of this HulKlivision of tho C,etm.oo,.H was ol,so,-ve.l ^A[,;e':?' '^;. ;« "'<»'^t ;,l,»„,lu.,t l,. H.e hl^rl, scu,-pod ba,.l8, varying in t- A partial ults : — ' cent. '•«, from this a picked and ■ Adams : — I'oad, seven om Mira. lalf ounces ; d galena in wry findy dividod Hiato: tiiogaK'nu apparently coiiNlitulcd but a Ninall proportion of the wliolo. AsHuys gavo . Gold, NoUf. Silvfi- •) 87',> iiiinci's to the ton ot J.uoo lln uy. 2.— CaiiKo road, ninu and tliroi' tjuarU'r niiii-,s west of Canso, (i boroug'- '••ounty, Cup,' Breton. The sample weigbed a little over ll.iir pounds; it eon,siHled of awHoeiation of copper pyrites, iirseiiical pyrites and • iiilil anclHilvcr IMnil.VK, VOIlt- Prciviricr (if .N'livii ■'<(!i)liii., III! iron pyrites in a gangue of greyish, translucent quartz. It was found to contain :— (iojd. Silvui . tnu'( 0.3VU ounce to the ton of 2,00(i Ihw. ^- — This s]»eeimen was taken from an opening about two hundred fitet distant from that of the preceding specimen. It consisted of mispiekol a.ssociatod with a small ipiantity of a greyish translucent (piartz. It contained only tracew of gold and wllver. PROVINCE OV NEW BRUNSWICK. 4. — Elm-tree Kiver, (rioiicestcr county. The specimen, a single fragment, weighed somewhat over three and aqiiarter pounds, and c(»nsisled of a coarsely crystal line galena, associated with copper pyrites and a small quantity of zinc blende, in a gangue of greyish, subtransliiccnt quartz— the latter consti- tuting 41).8 per cent, by weight of the whole. Assays gave : — Province of Npw l!i'(iti,'lll 11 till Silt) ai<.''i(),(, coiit. I'riivirict) of "iiliirlu. 7.-A.,„llM.r sponi.u.n lo,n,/,o schist, ^ ' '"f^'".> It c'uiitaiiicd iieithei gold nor Hilv.-r. I'.-I-Vom noa,. (he D.mcun Min,., W' H, Tl ,W, U^y, Lai^-«-"". «)M»'-ll,inl, i„ |,„lk, or llioKampIr, ii .onlaiii,-.! pivisdy (I,,, kiim,. Hinoiuit of HilvcM- UK tlio pivtodii.g Hpctinu.,,, viz: ((..m „iiiku lo flio ton of 2,00(( IIjh. * NollTII-WEHT TEHHIToUV. 14.-TliiH aixl tl.o throo.lollowiii^r Hp.riiiK.ns cam,, fnm, the Iiod-i' <>^'«P'."lo.-iteMi..o.„.no„us ouuiN nine miles and a halt north of the mouth of While Saiid ''""""'""*'"'"• Kiver, which latter entei-s Lake Superior opposite to Simpsons ,. • ■ Island, and fonscpientlyuhout the middle of the north shore of tin- ''""'"''''M Iillfo ""■ Iriiin While '"'*^- Sand ttivir. A specimen from this locality was found to contain :— ^'^' Zinc K , „/. 54 . 26 per cent. '■" mtle'^VT"^ '"'f • "^ 'T'r'" "*■ '•^•■•'■'"•♦•♦^-'^-'^•inl-l with aK.,-,„ati,.„ of little chalcopyrite and sphalerite, with a small quantity of inter- ?Suin"' mingled chlorite-from Pie Island, Lake Supei-ioi-, was Ibund-aftcr |^?;f,''S!^ ■ drying al 100" C.,— to contain :- K'Ls. ^•^''*'' . 562 per cent. Cobalt ,.... 0.133 « 16 H ROMMiff'AL Hf'lVKV OK TANAOA. K'lliliialiiiii Mic'lo'l ,llli| '■"liiill ill liyriliMlKc Iriiiii St ■ ytciihcii, N.I KsHiiiiitiiiii II |iliii-(>lMirii' "I'iil III (nip triMii llhii'k «''i|ii', 1". Q. 'H. .. S». .s(.|.h«n.Cl.a,.|...UM.,uMly,N..w Uvuu.wUU. Tl.ii ,.o„. r'n.H.I*^-'' ''*" '" '"""'■""•"' ^'"' '■'•"l-|.v.-i.o an.l a linl.. "Mm,,...h.pp,ox.n.HHyal..n.ton..(iM,.,h hy w.i.nd ol-,^ . l'"m.l-alliM- .Iryin^. a( 100" ( '.,-(„ ,,,„„„j„ .__ Silk. I (ohalt ".!'2:iiMro.,it. O.i04 " l.-A l.i^'l.ly .l,...H,„,.oH..| „,,,, ,n„„ |{|a,.k (Ja,.., Nmv Huhmoml "."-"" •"""•'"t or ,,|.oHp|...n. a..nl,n,ual to 0.5D-1 „..• c'o u of •nLaMcplioNpliatooriinnj. M'^' *ont. ol