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32X

EXAMINATION

rNOERGONE BY

A Candidate for the Degree of Dootor of Medicine and Surgery

BEFORE THE

MEDICAL FACULTY OF M^L COLLEGE,

SESSION 1853-54.

vVV

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•'• • : ::..-..

* • ■*

MONTREAL :

MilNTED BY OWLEK & STEVENSON, ST. FRANCOIS XAVIER STREET.

'^BSWWJlSWfllWPS.'.'.

\Pi I 0. 4-

/^
^

The accompnuying questions wvra given irva voce in the usiuil period
of two hours, unci were afterwards written down in the order in which
they had ])een received, within a few dnys afler the examination, and
while they were .still fresh in the memory.

R. C.

[B. Q. R.
NO.BfRt .
» "-■■'■■— ■ ' " * '

EXAMINATION FOR M.D. McGILL COLLEGE, Session 1853-54.
Materia Medica — Examiner, Dr. Hall.

2
3
4

5
6

What are the cUfTerent varie-
ties of camphor?

Where is it obtained?

From what is it obtained ?

In Avhat condition does it exist
in the tree ?

How is it separated ?

In which of the varieties docs
it exist in solid masses ?

7 How are these sought lor, and

separated ?

8 What is camphor ?

9 What is its action on the sys-

tem ?

10 What is its dose ?

11 In what proportion is it soluble

in water ?

12 What is it aqueous solution call-

ed J

13 Is it soluble in alcohol ?

14 What is this solution called ?

15 What is the strength of cam-

phorated spirit ?

16 How may artificial camphor be

made?

17 What volatile oils are used in

medicine ?

18 For what purposes are they ge-

nerally used ?

19 What are the characters of vol-

atile oils ?

20 Are fixed oils soluble in alcohol ?

21 What are the exceptions to this

rule ?

22 What natural family of plants

is remarkable for containing
a large quantity of volatile oil ?

23 Mention some of the plants be-

longing to]the family Labiata; ?

24 Are cloves derived from this

fixmily ?

25 From what are they obtained ?

26 From what part of the world

are they brought ?

27 What part of the plant is the

clove ?

28 How can good cloves be distin-

guished ?

36
37

What effects' would be produced
by swallowing two ounces of
oil of cloves?

What treatment would be re-
quired in such a case ?

3 1 Would you think purgatives be-

neficial?

32 Why not ?

33 Of what officinal preparation

does oil of cloves form an es-
sential ingredient ?

34 What is its use in that prepara-

tion ?
What arc the other ingredients

of the compound colocynth

pill?
What is colocynth ?
To what natural family does

the plant belong ?

38 What is the action of colocynth

on the system ?

39 To what class of cathartics does

it belong ?

40 W^hat is iis dose ?

41 What is its active principle 1

42 On which of the coats of the in

testine does it act ?
'3 What are the preparations of
colocynth ?

44 What is soammony ?

45 Is it a gum, a resin, or a gum
resin ?

How may good scammony be

known ?
What is its dose ?

48 How many kinds of aloes are

there ?

49 Which of these is the best?

50 Whence is socotrine aloes ob-
tained ?

How can it bo distinguished
from the other varieties ?

What is the colour of its pow-
der ?

What are the preparations of
aloes?
54 On what part of the alimentary
canal does aloes act ?

56204

~ -V^jWhsfewAB^ W,-*»^P*«

55 On wliat does this peculiarity

depend ?

56 By what means can aloes by

rendered more sohible ?

57 Would you give aloes in a case

of hajniorrhoids 1

58 Why not]

59 What are luemorrhoids ?

60 What would be produced by the

action of nitric acid on aloes ?

61 How were purgatives ibrmerlv

divided ]

Institutes of Medicmc-

1 Wliat is Cuvier's division of the

an:mal kingdom 1

2 Describe the nervous system of

the Radiata.

3 Point out the analogy between

this and the nervous system
of man.

4 Describe the nervous system of

the Mollusca.

5 Point out the analogy as before.

6 Describe the nervous system of

the Articulata, and also point
out the analogy.

7 If the nervous systems of the

Mollusca and the Articulata
were conjoined, what would
still be wanting to make up
the nervous system of man ?
S What is meant by a nervous
centre ?

9 What are the nervous centres
in man 1

10 What are the functions of ner-

vous centres?

1 1 Describe the anatomy of the

spinal cord.

12 How do its nerves arise ?

13 Which of the roots is continuous

with the grey matter of the
cord ?

14. What other peculiarity has the
posterior root ?

15 How many spinal nerves arc

there ?

16 What are the theories regardino-

the central terminations of the
s]>inal nerves ?

62 What was a purgative called

which operated upon tjie
whole length of the alimentary
canal ? ^

63 Of what general ])lan of treat-

ment does purgation form an
important i)art "?
Gl la what diseases, then, will
purgatives be parlicularlv use-
ful ?

65 In what way do purgatives
prove useful in inliannaation 1

Examiner, Bi. FnASEu.

17 Which of these theories is
supposed to be the correct
one ?

18 What is the proof that some of

the nerves terminate in the
cord ?

19 What is the proof that some

are continued on to the brain ?

20 What, then, are the functions

of the spinal cord ?

21 What is the usual stimulus by

which the muscles are called
into action ?

22 What functions arc especially

under the control of the spinal
system ?

23 What is the structure of a ner-

vous centre 1
24. What is the shape of 1 ' > nerve
vesicles 1

25 How many kinds of nerve fibres

are there?

26 Describe each variety.

27 In what do they cssentiallv

differ ? ^

28 Of what is the axis cylinder

supposed to consist ?

29 Of what, the white substance of

SchAvann ?

30 What is the use of the latter?

31 Do bloodvessels enter the

neurilemma ?

32 Describe the diflercnt central

terminations of nerves.

33 Descril)e their peripheral ter-

minations.

Anatm7ii/— Examiner, Dr. Bruneau.

1 What aro tlm difteront tunics of

tlio rye-l)a!l 1

2 What is the structure of the

Sclerotic 1

3 Of the Choroid ?

4 Of the Retinal

5 What is the shape of the

Cornea?

6 What are its kiyers ?

7 What are the humours of the

eyp]

8 What are the limits of the

acjuoous humour 1

9 How is it divided ?

10 What IS the origin of the optic

nerve '?

11 What name is given to the

junction of the two nerves 1

12 What is that portion called

which is situated between the
origin of the nerve and the
commissure 1

13 How are the fibres distributed

within the commissure 1

14 How do the optic nerves pass

into the orbit ?

15 Is there anything peculiar about

the sheath of dura mater which
surrounds the optic nerves I

16 Does the nerve enter the central

axis of the globe of the eye?

17 How does it pierce the sclerotic 1

18 Describe the superior oblique

muscle of the eye.

19 Describe the inferior oblique.

20 What muscles arc supplied by

the third ner-j^e 1

21 What nerve supplies the exter-

nal rectus?

22 What nerve supplies the supe-

rior oblique. ?

23 Where dues the fourth nerve

arise ?

24 AViiat is peculiar about it ?

25 Where does the fifth nerve

arise ?

26 How far can this tract be trac-

ed?

28
29
:^o

38
39

27 What is peciiiar about the pos-
terior root?

Describe the course of the
nerve.

What is the shape of the Cas-
serian ganglion ?

How does it divide ?

What course docs the ophth-
almic take ?

32 Which of the branches passes

between the heads of the ex-
ternal rectus ?

33 Describe tlie lachrymal branch .

34 With what nerves do the termi-

nal filaments communicate 1

35 Describe the course of the supe-
rior maxillary nerve.

Wliat are its bionches in the
sphono-maxillary fossa ?

In the infra-orbital canal ?

On the face ?

With what branches do they
communicate ?

40 Describe the femoral artery.

41 By what is it covered superi-

orly ?

42 By what inferiorly ?

43 What branches does it give off

at its upper part ?

44 Of what artery is the deep epi-

gastric a branch ?

45 Describe its course.

46 What is its relation to the inter-

nal abdominal ring?
48 Where is the profunda given
otr?

What are its branches ?

What muscles form ^the fibrous
sheath for the femoral artery ?

What branch is given off in
this sheath ?

Describe the rectus femoris
muscle.

What other muscles are insert-
ed into tlie pateUa?

What kind of a bone is the pa-
tella ?

Where are those muscles in-
setted in the foetus ?

48
49

:.s>msK<i mm .i vm*ii i

Surgery — Examii

1 What kind of nn urliculution is

the knee joint?

2 Is it frequently dislocated ?

3 What arc its dislocations/

4 Are they generally complete or

jKirtial ?

5 To wliat does this joint owe its

great strength /

6 Which of its ligaments are most

powerful in preventing dis-
location ?

7 What kind of an articulation is

the hip joint ?

8 Describe its ligaments.

9 What are its dislocations?

10 What arc the symptoms of dis-

location upon the dorsum ilii ?

11 Hov/ do these differ from those

of fracture of the ucck of the
femur f

12 How would you examine for

crepitus in a case of suspected
fracture ?

13 What are symptoms of disloca-

tion into the obturator fora-
men?
14. What is the essential difference
between the symptoms of this
dislocation and those of the
former.

15 What causes the bending for-

wards of the body ?

16 What is hernia?

17 What is commonly meant by

hernia?

18 How is hernia divided ?

19 What are the symptoms of re-

ducible inguinal hernia?

20 What is the character of the tu-

mor when it contains omentum

21 What, when it contains intestine

22 How could you distinguish each

when returning it ?

23 What arc the symptoms of

strangulated hernia ?

24. What name is given to the pro-
cess of reducing a hernia ?

25 What is the corcmon termina-
tion of strangulated hernia if
unreduced ?

lor, Dr. Campbell.

2G What is the result when the
tumor sloughs ?

27 What means should bo employ-

ed for reducing a strangulated
hernia before having recourao
to the operation ?

28 WhaLare the boundaries of the

femoral ring?

29 Where is the stricture situated

in femoral hernia?

30 In wliat direction would you

cut in operating?

31 What artery may sometimes

come in the way of the knife ?

32 From what artery is the obtu-

rator generally given off?

33 What other artery frequently

gives off the obturator ?
31. What courses may it take to
reach the obturator foramen ?

35 Which of these exposes it to tho

knife of the operator ?

36 How would you avoid wound-

ing it in such a case ?

37 What is meant by concussion

of the brain?

38 Describe a case of concussion.

39 What should be done in the

first stage ?

40 Why should the head be shaved
4il What is to be feared in the se-
cond stage ?

42 What symptoms would indicate

excessive reaction or incipient
inflammation i

43 What is an ulcer ?

44 By what is it caused ?

45 What always precedes or ac-

companies it ?

46 What is the general division of

ulcers ?

47 How arc those not tending to

heal, subdivided ?

48 What are the characters of an

indolent ulcer ?

49 In whom are thoy generally

found ?

50 What treatment do they require

51 Is it absolutely necessary that

rest be maintained after the

o
o

iilfor 1ms been proporlv stmn-
pcd? » i ^ I

What should bo the constitu-

tioiml treutiiaeiit ?
Whiit diet would you recom-

niend ?
54. What nre the characters of an

irntuble ulcer ]

52
53

55 Where arc they most froqiiciit-
ly situated 1

56 Is till- jmin of these ulcers uni-
form Hud constant?

57 I low must these ulcers be
treated ]

58 What lotions may be used to
relieve the pain ?

C/^e;n^^!^ry— Examiner, Dr. Sutheuland.

2
3

What is volatile oil of oitter

almonds?
By what process is it obtained ?
Does it exist already formed in

the almond kernels {

4 How, then, is it formed ?

5 Is it intro when first obtained ?

6 What substances docs it con-

tain ?

7 Does it contain nitronren ?

8 What other proximate principle

allied to this, is obtained from
the organic kingdom ?

9 Does Benzoic acid also contain

the radical Benzule ?

10 What are the characters of

Benzoic acid ?

1 1 From what is it obtained ?

12 By what process?

iutical 2)re-

13 lu what
paration

14.

"ed ?

acid

'Osited

Frorr w, •
derived '<

15 Inwhatcoi

in the wint

16 What is this depob.u ^^..ed ?

17 In what condition does it exist

in the grape ?

18 Is it deposited from new wine?

19 Why is it deposited after fer-

mentation ?

20 Describe the process by which

the acid is isolated.

21 What are tiie products of the

destructive distillation of
wood ?

22 Mention the liquid products.

23 What is pyroligueous acid ?
24. For what is it ep-ployed ?

25 What are the otner names for
Methyhc alcohol ?

26 What radical docs it contain ?

27 Is it suscei)tiblo of the same

transformations as ordinary
alcohol?

28 Mention all Miat series of radi-

cals.

29 In wha* does Acetyl differ from

Ethyl ?

30 Is it a derivative of Ethyl ?

3 1 By what means is it derived ?

32 How is alcohol converted into

acetic acid ?

33 Docs the action take place

spontaneously ?
.34. How is it induced?

35 How many equivalents of oxy-

gen, then, does acetic acid
contain?

36 How many are contained in

alcohol ?

37 What isEthal?

38 From what is it obtained ?

39 What radical is ccMtained in it ?

4.0 What is Glycerine ?

4.1 With what is it comxbined ?

42 What are the relative propor-

tio .s of acid and base.

43 What names are given to these

compounds respectively ?

44 How may glycerine be separa-

ted from the acids ?

45 What is this process called ?

46 Describe the process for isola-

ting glycerine.

47 What are the elements of fats 1

48 Are fats nutritious I

49 Are they sufficient alone lo sup-

port lile ?

50 What else is necessary ?

51 Is azotized food alone, suffici-

ent to supix)rt life ?

ummM

52 Whnt kind i>f food contains the

liirpost unitiunt of nitrtucn '

53 How couics it that iminmls ciui

Vwo on vopot!i])les alone f

54 VVliatare tiio luitritioiisa/otizeil

sulislancts louiiil in vt'geta-

55 AV'liat itLactin?

56 What uro the other constitu-

ents otuiilU?

57 What cuus(\s it t.i (*on<i;idate?

58 Is the lai'tic ueid .to:-med Siuui-

tanconsly ?

59 "What is this ferment ?

60 Describe the process by which

luetic acid may be isolated.
6' Is butter similar to the other

fats?
62 What are its constituents 1
(hi What acids docs it contain 1
6-t With what substance are they

united as a base 1

65 What are the chief salts formed

in milk ?

66 Does milk contain all the ele-

ments necessary for the iiTOwth
and nutrition of the body /

67 Hon is this proved /

68 What purposes do the phos-

phates in milk serve to fulfil ?

69 For the nourishment of what

tissues are they more partic-
ularly essential ?

70 In what condition docs the

phosphorus exist in the tissues/

71 Does it exi&t in the brain in any

other condition than as a con-
stituent of albumen ?

72 What are the fatty acids of the

brain ?

Medical Jurupnulence—

1 What are the first symptoms of

insanity?

2 Are the habits of the individ-

nal always radicaUy changed?

3 Are the moral and inti^Ueetual

faculties always criually and
simultaneously affected ?

4 How is intellectual insanity

divided?

73 From what is strychnin obtainr'd

7|. How is it separate<l /

7ri Do yon remember any other

pr.icess /
7G With what acid is it combhmd ?

77 l'>om what is ipiinine obtained ?

78 With what acids is it combined ?

79 Wha. other alkaloids are as-
sociated with it in Cinchona/

80 What effect has creosote on al-
bumi'ii /

81 In virtue of this property fl)r
what purpose is it emi)loycd in
surgery ?

82 What other substances are used
ac hiuniostatics ?

83 Uhat is tann n?
81. From what is ,•: obtained /
85 What special character do

plants wliich contain tannin

jHissess f

86 What other substance closely

allied to tannin is found in
plants /

87 How does GaliiC acid dilitf r from

tunnin/

88 Is tannin soluble iii water ?

89 What is the action of tannin m

the process of tanning leather

90 How is Gallic acid produced

from tannin /

91 What other acid is at the same

time produced ?

92 If a heat of 160'^ be applied to

albumen, what is the result /

93 When albumen has been coa-

gulated, how may it be re-
dissolved?
91' What organic substance has
this power?
Examiner, Dr. Wright.

5 WHiat are the signs of partial

intellectual insanity ?
G Is the existence ol a delusion
always aj'parent?

7 What fire the varieties of par-
tial moral insanity ?

8 In which sex is pyromania
most frequently found ?

9 At what period of life?

''^

10 Are Uo'.iiculal impulses of fre-

quoiit uccurrenco airiLMig the
iiisime 1

11 What is Iho projiortiou 1

12 la whom is this impulse mo.st

often found /

13 W'hiit nitiu (Iocs tiic iVcipu'ncy

of suieidiil iin])ul.s'\s bear to
this ?
14) Wliatcircuiustiivices would lead
you to infer that a murder was
the result of a homicidal im-
pulse 1

15 In such cases is there generally

only one wound, or ure there
many 1

16 Is the impulse preecded cr not

by iirenionitory sym[)toms?

17 What is the condition of Lhe

system at the time of the im-
pulse ?

18 What disease of the r r.'^o'is

system is frequently co-e.;ijtent

19 What is the Ic^altest l)y Avhich

insanity is judged to bo pre-
sent or absent ?

20 If it can 1)3 proved that the per-

se is aware of the distinction
between right and wrong, docs
it follow that he is not insane?

21 What may constitute the insan-

ity in such a case ?

22 V^^hat is generally the condition

of the will in insane '>ersons J

23 Is the inability to distinguish

between right and wrong,proof
positive of insanity ?
21 On what may this inability de-
pend ?

25 IIow would you distinguish a
case of real, from ojio of feign-
ed insanity ?

26 Do insane persons sleep much 1

27 Are they >-eadily fatigued 1

28 IIow is this power of endurance

accounted for 1

29 For what piu-poses might preg-

nancy be concealed 1

30 For wliat purposes might it 1)3

feigned ?

31 What are means of calculating

!hc duration of pretrnaucy ]

33
3G

38
39

42
43

44
45

46
47
48
49

50
SI

■ iiut i» commonly considered
,'.s the duration of pregiumcy ?

A'o nine solar niouihs equal to
ten lunar months?

By how many days niny they
dilfer?

hi the [)eriod of pr-^gnancy ever
prolonged ?

What was the duration of the
longest inoontrovertible case
on record ?

What is the ( a.liest period at
which a child is supposed to
be viable ?

What IS nuiani by a child's be-
ing viable ?

Ij the fljutus sui)i)0sed to be
alive from the time of concep-
tion ?

Does the law make any distinc-
tion between procuring abor-
tion before, and after rjuick-
cning ?

To constitute the crime of in-
fanticide, is it necessary that
the whole of the child be ex-
pelled ?

Is it neces.ary that it be sepa-
rated from the mother?

How are the signs divided by
which we infer that a child,
has been born alive ?

What are the signs derivable
from the circulatory system 1

What are the negative signs of
the child's having been born
alive ?

What are the signs of intra-
uterine maceration ?

In what docs it differ from pn
trefaclion ?

What are the post mortem
proofs of pregnancy ?

At what period of pregnancy
arc the cliaractcrs of the cor'
pus luteum most strongly mar-
ked?

At what period does the corpus
luteum C'^ase to afford any in-
dication ?

What appearance is then found
on the surface of the ovarium

. ,«,i««**»««p**«««*w»

tt//

52 Where is llie middle point sit-

uated in the foetus ol'six months

53 Where, in the aduit ?

54i How could you distinguish be-
tween death caused by the
pressure of the umbilical cord
round the child's neck, and
.slrungulution by some other
incauo \

55 What would be the condition

of the deep structures of the
neck in each case ?

56 What circumstances independ-

ent of pregnancy, may cause
enlargement of the uterus ?

57 What name is given to a col-

lection of gas in the cavity of
the uterus ?

Obstetrics — Examiner, Dr. McCulloch.

1 Yf hat are the displacements to

which the uterus is liable ?

2 What treatment is required in a

case of relaxation?

3 What, in a case of procidentia ?

4 What are the symptoms of retro-

version ?

5 If retention of urine is complete

in a case of retroversion, what
treatment must be had re-
course to ?

6 How would you reduce this dis-

placement?

7 If it cannot be reduced without

violence what must be done ?

8 At what period of pregnancy
does retroversion most frequent-
ly occur ?

9 At what period can the uterus

be felt above the pubcs?

10 Where is the fundus uteri situ-

ated at the md of the sixth
month 1

11 In what cases ^vould you think

it necessary to use the forceps 1

12 If the woman had been long in

labour, and the forceps could

symptoms were at the same
time setting in, what would
require to be done 1

13 How would you perform crani-

otomy ?

14 What bad efTects are to be fear-

ed after severe and protracted
labours ?

15 How are fistukc after such la-

bours to be treated ?

16 How may inversion of the ute-

rus be caused 1

17 What would you do in a recent

case?

18 If the inversion had remained

for several hr irs, isit probable
that reduction would be prac-
ticable ?

19 What are some of the most fa-

tal puerperal diseases?

20 At what period does puerperal

fever usually set in ?

2 1 What arethe symptoms of puer-

peral fever ?

22 What is the character of the

pain ?

23 Is it a contagious disease ?

not be applied, while urgent

FracLice of riiysic — Examiner, Dr. Holmes.

1 How are fevers divided ?

2 What are the divisions of con-

tinued fever ?

3 Describe a case of common con-

tinued fever?

4 In what parts ls pain most par-

ticularly complained of?

5 How is such a case to be treated ?

6 What is the ..sual duration cf

eontinucd liver?

7 ^Vhat division of lovers has

lately been made, based on
certain po*t mortem appear-
uiices found in many cases ?

8 Wl'iit lesions are found after

deatli from typhoid fever ?

9 What prominent symptom du-

ring life do these lesions give
rise to ?
10 What is the diagnosis between

typhuM and typhoid fevers ?
J 1 What is generally the appear-

,,mmm

"WiMMriilii

•I

12
13

IG
17

IS
19
20
21

24
25

nncc of the abdomen in ty-
phoid fever 1

^Vhat is the cause of typhus ?

How is this supported to orid-
nate 1

How do bad ventilation and
impure air, promote the acces-
sion of typhus "J

In what way do they prevent
the climinatioa of the waste
materials from the system 1

Is typhoid fever a contagious
disease '?

Describe that condition of the
system usually designated ty-
Jihoid.

Wliat is the usual condition of
the tongue 1

What is the treatment neces-
sary in such a state .?

What complications are apt to
arise in a case of fever ?

How must bronchitis be treated
when it occurs in the course
of fever ?

Is general bleeding applicable
in such cases ?

How IS affection of the brain in-
dicated ?

How must it be treated ?

How is the nervous system
frequently affected in severe
cases ?

What remedies are required ?

27 What anti-spasmoJics would

you use ?

28 In what doses would you give

assafoBtida ?

29 What remedies could you use

which would combine .stimu-
lus with an anti-spasmudic
action ?

30 How is the heart apt to become

affected in severe cases of

fever ?
^1 How is softening of the heart

known ?
32 What indication for treatment

docs softening afford ?
S? How docs pericarditis generally

come on ?

34 What is the character of the

])ain 1

35 What is the condition of the

membrnne in the first stage 1

36 What sound does this

rise to 1

37 Is the same sound heard in the

next stage ?

38 What is then the condition of

the membrane 1

39 What is the cause of the clys-

pna>a 1

40 VVhat effect iloes the roughness

in the fi'st stage produce upon
the reart i

41 What is increased action called ^

42 VVhat effect does the efinsion

iirodii"!' ^

give

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