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DEPARTMENT OF MINES
jouHnoAii wentmt mbmmom
Hon. W. TnmMAH. Miiiu™; A. P. I«». »»»« Mawm,
B, W. BUCK. Diucm.
MEMOIR Ko. 8
C ONTRIBTJTIONS
TO
CANADIAN PALEONTOLOGY
VOLUME III (Quarto).
PART V-PALilONISCID FISHES FROM THE ALBERT SHALES OF
NEW BRUNSWICK.
BT
LAWRENCE M. LAMBE,
YertebraU Pakamtologitt.
OTTAWA
QOVEBNMKNT PKINTINU BURl
1910
n«. lu*.
i^,ji-iafci^&fcL2
(«:
. '••liiiL'Tl'
( ANADA
llKI'AUT.M K\ r OP MIXKH
OEOLOOIOAL ■UHTBY BBANCM
Hull. \V. TtvrirMiN. MisHtiK. \ I' I411V. I'lic r» Misi>Tt>:
II. W lima k. |li>inii>.
MICMOIK No. :i
coN'i III nuTioxs
T«l
CANADIAN 1'AI..1:()\T()L0(;Y
VOT.I^MK III '(^uiiii.
I'\RT V.-rAL.KOMSCII) KISHKS KIIO.M THK ALIJKRT SHALKS OF
NEW HRINSWICK.
X
l.AWHKNCK M. I.AM UK
IV'rtc'inifc I'liliiiinliihujisl.
(ioVK.HNMKNT rlilNIlN': I" lllvM'
1010
A0:»35948
IJCrrKU OF TRANSMriTAL.
Tit R. W. Bhotk, Kmj.,
Diroi'tor (Joological Survey,
l>c|)tirtiMi!iit of Miiit>!<.
Siu, -
1 lieg to sulimit the following mwiioir on the " I alii'Oiiiscitl Kishi-* from thf A'bt-rt Shall*
of Niw Hruiwwick, " which forms Part V of Voluino HI (quarto) of Contrilwtions to I'auatlian
Paliroutoloxy.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
(Signed) LWVUKNCK M. LAMBK.
Ottawa, May U, 1900.
IMUOlHCroHY.
Till' liilmiiiiiirti!" fhtA'* «l AIIktI coiinty, Nw Uriinwii'k, mmrt fmin tlifir ii>iiiiinri'ial
vbIiii'. Imvi' l<itiK Nth ii.«lr<l fur I'. ' ■ wi-ll iirrwrvi'il niniiiiiH of tiHlic* Ip.lniiKinK l» tlir fHinily
I'liliiim'Hciilif Since 111!' |iiil.liinli. : in I.H,"(1, of l>r. Clmrlix T. JackwmV il('wri|itimm of AIIhtI
iiiiiir tinhis. tlii!< |Kirli(iili«r fiiiiiiH liii- imt ri'icivcil llic iittfiili'iii tluit it iliwrvix. A thnniinsli
kiiiiHlcticr iif till- clmmctcr iiiiil slrin'turc nf llii' viiriou^ niMMirx rcprrwntitl in of imiKirtuiiif,
II.-. iui sill in 111- (Irlcniiiimtioii of umlimiinl lioriaoiid in Xrw Uriiiwwii'k m<l Nova Scolia.
Ill the follnwiiiK |>ttKi'» ttill U- fiiunil the ni-iillii of h mIuiI.v, liy Mr. Uwri-nif M. IjiiiiIh',
of the AlU-rt "liali'H tinJi fiuma, Imwd on (hi- larjji- lollrrlioiM of r<|Hciniin» from thi' lypiial
liHalily anil iln ni-iuliliomii.HMl, in thf |><n.wHnion of the (Iroloniial Siincy, iiml on tyiM- material
anil well |>re«'rviil «|H-eiTnenx from tin- r'uutv loialilien kinilly loaneil by the MiiHeum of Coiii-
panilivi- /ooloKy, Canihriilue, .Mb.-<m.; Itie Hontoii Sieiety of NaUiral IliKtory: Mitiill IniverKily;
anil the Natural lli><tory SiK-icty of New HniiHwiek.
Mr. IaiiiIk-'h memoir foriii« part V of volume III ((|iiailo) of :(N jiaueH of text wit'.: -leveii
fiill-Hiiuil pnotoKravure platen.
(Sinniil) U. ^' H(H'K,
IHrecliir.
(ieolouical Survey,
Department of Mines,
Ottawa.
(ONTKVI'S
Intkoihition
Arra <«tu|iiitl liy AIIhtI sluiK's. in AIIktI ami \\V»liiiiirlaii<l <iiiiiitii'». N.B.
(icnrral charucUT ami iikkIc i>f iKfiirmirc
t'haracler of (i»Ii-lieariii(; IhhIs
( 'nin|i<isition <if, ami niaiiiier of <le|Hisition of sliali'».
l'n>liablo pomlitions ailvirsely alfwling life of finlies
Previous work of (itHilogical Sunrv
Flora, etc., of Albert slialeM, as ilelrniiiiieil by Dawson
Kiel.l work <if 1!K)S
Conclusion reKanlinR ajje of Alliert shales
Similarity of fauna to that of Scottish shales
Karlier ileseriplioiis of. anil rrfen-n<rs to .MIxTt shale fishes
AcknowlCTlgmenU
Ty|ic material available
UKsrHIITION t>K Sl'WItJS
Uim.l.KiHAI-llV
Ill
HI
II
i:<
III
i:i
II
111
.U
1'I.ATK I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
" VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
II.I.I MIKArillNS.
I'm.}.
Figs. 1 , 2, 3, 4, anil .'>, also fipi. .V. H. anil C :)ii
Deseription. of the res|>e<tive tigures US
Figs. I. J. .1, i. •'". I", ami 7 IJ
I>eseription II
Fips. I, 2, 3, 4, ."). ami fi I.-,
Description 44
Figs. I. 2. 3, anil 4 Is
47
Description
Figs. 1, 2, 3. 4. .^, anil *». .'ti
Description ."»0
Fig. I r>i
Description .'13
Fij:. 1 ■■>7
Di-^i-riptiim ."iii
Kig. I
Description
.V.I
Fig. I lUt
Description ti2
Figs. 1. 2, 3, 4. r,. anil fi lUi
Description (».">
Figs. 1 , 2, 3, 4, .">, B, anil 7 (HI
Description lis
rAL.KUNlSCll) KISIIES
I iK'M rm;
ALJiKHT SHALES UK NEW I^IUJNSWICK
HY
l<A\VliKV( >: M. I.AMIIK
Virtehnilc I'liiiiiDilniniii'l.
INTRODUCTION.
Al.DKliT SHVl.KS - AkK.V (iKNKIIAI. ( llAliAlTKIi -MoDK l(K I Id riiUKXCK, Vnc.
Till' liiclily l.itiliiiiiHiiis. ial<iiic(uis shales iif New Hiiiii-wiik. as clrvrlopcil in Allicit anil
Wi'stiiKiilaiHl ('(Pinitics, ami known as tlii' AUicit shales, can lie traeeil from alKiut twci miles
west (if Kluiii ('(liner, aciciss Alliert ((iiinty in a ncutlieasterly ilireelidn. t(i the \'eniiaine(i(ik
river, at Taylnrville. in WestiiKirland (■(Uiiity. a distance (if a little nver thirty miles. ThimiKh-
(iiit this ilislanee they are imt ( linnimsly ex|«i.seil. and in .\lliert eininly their lireadlh is seldiim
seen tii exceed half a mile: in \Vi stiiKiiland cimnty their e\|i(ised lireadth is (.'icater. Slijiht
chanp's in the physical eharaeteis (if the lieds are fniiiid at different Idealities, and .sandy layers
and (Idliimilic-liiiikinK limestdiie are dceasiiinally intriidiic( il as thin hands. The shales and
sandy layers are liitmniniins thrdiiKhdiit. in a varying decree accdidinK t(i Ideality.
Assiiciated with the .\lliert shales, and lyiiij: cdiifdrmalily lieneath them, are greenisli-};rey
cdii'lldmerales. the whdle haviiif; an estimated thickness (if alioill I.IHK) feet. The shales are iif
a dark ftrey and liriiwn eiildiir. and are sdinetiines rimch disturlied, lieiiiu in places faulted and
inclined at hitfli antrles. They are jienerally (ivcrlaid imcimfdrinalily liy massive beds iif dark
Cdldiired cdnfiliimerate. a.ssoeialed with sandstiine.
\\ .Vlliert Mines and vicinity, certain layers iif the shahs are replete with (he remains df
fishes (if the family I'ahe iiiiscid;e. These tish-liearim; lieds ediisist f(ir the must part (if liidwii t(i
dark ftrey shales, (if which the lir.iwn generally split very readily iiiKi thin sheets, and liinwiiish
lilack (lil liands. attainint; a thickness sdinetiines df ."i (ir li feel. These latter, (in accduiit df their
richness in (lil and snlphale (if ammdiiii ai-e attraeliiif; cdnsideialileatteiitidii at the p sent time,
c.mmercia'ly. In this c>nncxi(in the re:ider is referred Ki the rcpdrt of Dr. li. W. Klls cJll. lately
pulilished, on the (iil-s!i;ile indiistiy iif Sc illand. where similar lieds dccnr. and the very favunr-
alile eiinditidiis existiiiu in New jlnmswick and N'uva Scdiia for the eslalilishmeiit . a liki;
!WSI 1 11
10
iiidiisliy ill castiTU Cuiiiula. Dr. Klls txprrssis llii- (ppiiiimi, "llml in (tciirral clmraclcr and
viiliic, llif slialcr' of Ni'W Hniiiswick Imtli as irpirils tiic prniliictK of iTUtlr oil and siil|ilml«' i)(
aiiiiiidiiia (ilitaincil tliiTcliniii <()iii|iari' I'avimralily, and in sinnc lasiM iindcmhlcdly surpass
liiDsr distilled in Sent land. "
Tlir niajoiity if tlu' tisli-iiniains in llu' Allint mines area cnine I'rcini the thinly splittiiif!
lirimii and \iivy shales; Imt excellently preserved specimens alsd occur in the thicker and darker
layers, ami sdiiie have liceii I'mind in niidilles.
Mr. H. I). Stewart (lit) in "The Cheiiiistry nf the Oil-Shales." part III of the inenioir ol
the Ciciilocical Survey (Scot hind), enters fully into the proliiilile oriKiii of kerotieli. the term that
has iK'eii applied to the earlmnaceims matter in shale that (sives rise to I'luih' oil in distillation
He |M)iiits out that the carlMinaceous matter, with clay, was prolialily dclKisited at the iKittoni
of lattoons: ami that vetjetalile niatter, such as. for instance, pine-pollen, or lyi'o|«id-spores, oi
animal niatter such as minht lie derived from eiitomostiaca (of which .some shales are larjtcl)
iiiadi! up), or, in fact, any kind of orpinic matter, may, throunh the action of iniciolM's, liav(
been converted into kero({en.
His conclusion is that "oil-.shide may 1m' comiMiscd of (1) vegetable matter which has lii'ei
made into a pulp liy inaceration in water and preserved liy combiniii); with the salts in solution
(:>) richer materials of many kinds. .•>uch as spores, which nature has provided with means foi
some protection againsl decay; and Ci) a proiMirtion of animal niatter. '
It is probable that the waters in which lived the fishes alniut to be desi'ribed, were cut of
t<i a Kicat extent from the sea. and formed the lagoons in which the material that produced tin
shales wa.s deposited.
The nunilH'rh'ss remains of fishes in some of the Iwds can lie attributed only to the occasiona
whoh'sah' destruction of the fishes.
.Vny sudih'ii or in;iterial change in the comlition umhT which the fishes existed would resuli
in lo-i- of life. Such unfavourable conditions might Ix' caused by the resumption of free com
nmnicatioii In'tween the lagoons and the open sea. or the lagoons may have felt the iiiHuenci
of drought, and have, at times, almost disappeared.
The apiM'arance oi the fishes in their fossilized stale suggests differences in the comlition
affecting thorn fter (h'ath and piior to entombment in the vegetable mud forming the iHittoni
The apix-arance of some seems to indicate that decoinposition. to a greater or le.ss extent
took lilaee in the water, while others .seem to have been desii'catcd prior to their (iitombmeiit
Decoinposition w.nild result in an increa.se in the ih'pth of the body, and, according to the laps:
of time, a later partial or eomph'te disintegration with a more or h'ss scattered disposition o
the reniiiins; th.' iiniiiilv of tlic fishes fr.iiii the .VIbert shales have a disproporti'inatc depth
although soiiH! are evidently but little distorted and give a nearly true outline of the Ixidy
The latter were probably sion enclosed in the muddy bottom, and thus escaped the action e
11
tho air nnil water, iH'fori^ tlicv Imil iMM'onii' iiiiich ilecdtniHiscd. Soiiii' .s|ii'('iini'n.x lire lout; in
l)rii|Mirli()ri to their (le|)lli, iiiiil have every appearanee (if .-iliritikaKe and coiitraclioii, as if the
lixh had iH'en thiiroiiKhly dried under a liot sun.
These differences in |iri)|)<)rtiiin are must nolieealJe in the htrge s|ieeirni'ns (Khiiiulilhi/s
broinii) from the AlU'rl mines.
In most eases degrees (if distortion, due to |iressini' (hwinc fossihzation, sii|i|ilenient the
earlier distigurements.
I'liKViors W'dHK.
In the Report <if Progress for lS7ti 77, (Jeological .><urvey of Canada, 1S7S, the (hstriliution
and geological age of the AllM'rt shales are discussed at h'n^'th liy I'rofe.s.sor I.. W. Bailey, and
Dr. H. \V. Klls, in their joint "Heport on the lower CarlMinn'erous belt of Albert and Westmor-
land counties, N.B., including the .MImtI Shales." The general conclu.sion reached at that
time, as to the geological age of the shales, was that they occupied an almost basal [losition in
the lower Carboniferous formatimi, the lowest memlxT iM'ing a conglo'Mcrate, of, at that time,
unknown thickness. The presence of fo.ssil ti.shes behuiging to the I'aheoniscidu' was relied on,
in great measun , as an index to the age of these Ixds. Comment is made on the alunidance
of fishes, in marked contrast to the paucity of the plant remains, which were, however, con-
.sidered to Ix" referable to typical lower Carboniferous species (p. 3,")").
In 1S,S0, an opinion was expressed by Profcs.sor Baih'y and Drs. (1. F. Matthew and R. \V.
Klls, in their "Report on the Geology of Southern Xew Brunswick, etc." (deological Survey of
Canada, Report of I'rogres 'or 1.S7S 70) p. Hi 1). that ''Stratigraphically. the beds of Alliert
shales, as develoiM-d in Albert and Westmorland counties, may belong to a lower horizon than
the Carboniferous, and iriay constitute an upper |Hirti(in of the Devonian, but the prevailing
fos.sils, both fishes and plants, seem to indicate a lower Carboniferous age."
.\t a later date in his "Report on the (ieological Formations of Kasterii Albert and West-
morland counties in Xew Brunswick, etc.," (Vol. I, New .Series, 1S.S.')), Dr. Klls retained the .\lbert
shah's in his divisions of the lower CarlMiniferous, recognized in Xew Brunswick next above a
iMisal conglomerate, presuni.ibly alHint 2(M) feet in thickness (p. Xi K.) A general section of the
lower Carlxmiferous rocks in this area is given, in ascending order, in this report as follows: —
(1.) Ha.sui (■(inglninerate. wiinctinies wanting: when present, tisiially (if a dull griH'nish
colour, made up mostly of slate fragments; thickness, |iresiiinal>ly utMiiil. . , . ;.MMt ft.
(2.) Caleareo-tiitnminotis shales, from grey to ihirk lirowii in colour, inehiding the
so-called .\lljert shales S'HI "
(:t.) firey liituininoiis and mieaeeous oil-liearln^ sandstone, and lowt*r eiuiglomerates,
in massive tieds, usually of reddisli tint, less nililily and iniire ealean>ous
than those of \o. !, and mieonfornialile to the preceding "(«) "
(4.) Ke(! and grey ealeartsius, sandy, and argillaceous lieds. in fn^iuent alternaiions,
with ttiin lK*ds of conglomerate, and, towants the top, heavy lieds of jine
rulilily lirownish-red shales 4.'iO "
(."i.) He'd and grey conglomerates, jjjrey and tlagg^' limestones and g^'psum l.'.i.iO **
12
1
Till' iiUivi' lr|Kiit,-. ill!' llir |iriliiM|iiil MfH> lit' llic (lciili.;;iciil Slirvi'X in wliicli llir a^i' nl' ill
AIImmI ^lml(■^ is (lisni-Mil, luinr tn llir inihlicalion, in I'.Ki:!, (if Dr. Jills' ir|iiit en ■■'llir Allici
Shall' DriKwils iif Alliril itml Wistiimrlnnil Cimiitii's, N.H, " (Siiiiiiiiniv licport nf ll;r (iriilnj
iriil Survrv Di'imrl nil-Ill l(ir llH|-.'.i in wliicli tlir sliali's in (|iicstiiin iirr ilflinilrly iissiftiHMl In 'It
iiplicr Diviiniaii ip. :Hili. \)v. Klls wrilis us fullims: "As to llic ci'iiJDnical pisitinn of u.
sliali's as a wlmli' il may lir iiinaiki'l llial simicwlial diverse iipiiiions lia\r I een liild In lii (in.
Ill linie liy ilitTirriil nlisrrvirs. 'rims in llie early days iif llieir invest ipilinns il was siip| ese
llial lliev represeiiled an inle^ral purl ion nf the lower ('arlxiniieruMs I'lirinalinn. 'I'liis iimeliisiii
was reaelie I I'lnrii llie proeiiee in eerlain lialids uf llie >liale iil' remains iii' fi >sil t'siies ai;il plant
wliirli were snpiMised in liave a Inwer Carliimileroiis aspeel anil In ileliiiiely lix llieir hurizm
'I'lie invesli(jali<ins made in ISTii slmwed lliat Imwever true this mi^lil lie. tlie mass nf llie sliali
llieniselves oeeiipied a |M).-.ili(in entirely iinediifnrmalile In the Inie Inwer l'arli(iiiifer<nis m'iI
ineiils. HsstH'inteil with liniestnnis and gypsum, and wliieli are well defined lliriiii):lii lit the aret
and that with );imm1 reasin ihey slinnld, llierefnrc, stralicraphii ally lie assigned In a Inwer Imrizni
nr regarded as nf Devniiian a«e."
In IS71. Sir. I. William Hawsnii iii). in enmmenliii); mi the ureal valne nf palaimlnlncy I
llie ■■praetieal man and thenrelieal H''nln);isl," remarked with Iriilh llial "A simple eliaraelei
islie fossil is oflen siillieieiit In delermiiie the );enlo>;ieal ace of a formation, and tlie i|neslioii i
jlenionieal a>je is one Ihat niiisl he aseerlailied previous In any deilnelions whether as In tli
mineral eniili ills or eonditions nf formation nf strata. " 'riie>e remarks preicded reference I
"the (lispiiles as In ihe Devnniun nr CarlHinifernns aye nf the ( eleliraled ile) esit nf .Mherlite il
Hillslmroimli, New Hninswiek." These and similar diMienlliis, Sir W illiain adds, ((Hild liav
iH'en readily setlleil liy a refereiiie In the evidence nf fits.-il plants.
Since these nliscrvalions were made it has lieeii >;eiierally cniicrded that the remains i
vertelirate animals can lie relied nil In a greater exleiil than llmse nf plants, and nf memliers (
the nllicr divisiniis nf the animal kiiiddnm. as mnre exact hnriznii markers, since xerlelirales ai
more snsceptilile In change in the pri ss nf evolution.
Till' .Mlierl shale scries and its ci|iiivalcnts. named liy Dawson "The l/iwerCarlionifcroi
Coal McasiMcs nr l.nwer Cnal Mcasnres." and formiiij; his hflh or Inwist division of the Carlxii
iferims syslem 1 10.1.*<!H ). in easlern Canada, are dcscrilied liy him as "hnldiii); scinie. Iiut mil al
of the fossils of the Middle Cord fornialitm. and Ihiii coals, not prndnclive: liut ililTi'i'iii)! Iinth i
llnra and faui.a frnin Ihe npper Devnnian, which they overlie nneonformalily. ' * *
" In S'Une localities these resemlile in mineral charai'lcr the true coal mcasnres. In others the
preseiil a jrrcal thickness nf peculiar liitnininous and calcareous shales. They usually c:inlai
in their lower part thick led^ of conglomerate and coar.se sandstoii' Inch in some places preva
to the exclnsinn nf the finer licils. The characi eristic plants nf these licds are /.c/ ii/i/(/c/»/r(.
riirniiidliiiii and Ciirloiilcri-i .{ciili'ii. with l)iitl(>xiiU:ii iiii',iiii,i\is, and .llfllKiiiliri" /i(7(ri//)/i;///i
Tiiev alsn cnnlaiii Incally jiivM i|iiaiitilies nf remains nf fishes, and many Kntomostracans. anion
which are Leiiii l.ii'hii and an Esllirri'i, alsn Li'iivrililin xiiliriiid, I'nrllnck. liriiriihiii iiillinihi
Kichw.. anil a (''{I'ure, prolialily new." "This I'nrinatinn is iml everywhere distiii}£uishalile i
Ihe base of the Carbonifernus. and is variable in its characters. It is seen in southern ('a|
13
Hrc>"M, in ilic coMiily nf Syliiry, iiml in Ilfinl^: Iml il> nii si rcni:irkii!ilr :ipiiI inlctr>iinc r\-
|iiwiiri's all' at Ilnrlun liliilT ami at llilM«ii tli. and ullicr |ila(i> in -iiiittirin Nrw MnM:>\vifk.
In thi' liisl-iniMilioni'l Incaliiy. il alTonl- llic nrnaikal)lr liilnniinini* niinrral klinwii a- All ciiilr."
I'lilD \Mii!h HI I!MIS \M> ciKVKim, (o\(iisnpN lii.( ; \ liliiMi \uv:.
Dininullii'-iiininiTof I'.Kis, ih.. writci-. on lichall'nl' ilw <:ciil..«iial Snr\cy. vi>ilcil I If .Mini
•■lialrs ana r.'Ji, >|iriHlin>; -iiinr werks at llir Allnii niiliis, wlnrc a laiKr ciillci-tinn of l!>h rcniain-
was .ilitaini"!. iirincijially I'nan Ik"I.< hI' rradily >|ilitliii>: limwn shales r\|H;scil nn llic wislnn
limncli nf Krc'ili'i-ick lirimk, in an cxiHisiirc linm wliidi Iwn ((illcctinns, lately incivcil ly tin
(ic iliijtical Snrvcy, liad Iwrii in"'lr, Hy srarrliinjj the ilnin|i. a iniinlin- of s|ii'ciincns. l>inn):lit
frmii a linv level, wiic alsi liinml. Tn tlie suiitliwrst nf llie Allien mines, an exaininati if
the 1h' Is was als 1 made at Hoseilale. Hallimnre. Turtle Creek, Ma|iletnn, anil \'.\v.m Cnriiei', as
well as at e\|insnres ■.(■( n in Iminks an<l near the rnad, Cnniiiminu the examinalinn cif the shale
ari'a tii the nurtheast. s li was spent at Taylnrville, cm the .Menn-am< k ri\er. within
reach of Uelivean liy roail, at lioth of whieli |ilaees ihi>re are i'\|iesiires of shale. At 'I'aylorville
lliere is a low elitT for some ilislanee aloim the river front, i-oislitiitiiiK an exiellent exiiesnre
of the .\lliert shales, from whieh, however, only plant ivmaics were olitaiiwil.
'I'he shales of the .Mhert mines ami Uehveaii are similar in eharaeter. and havi> a flora and
lisli fauna eoinmon to linlh. the Meliveail area. lieHveeii thi' I'etitcndiae ami Memraineook rivers.
Ix'iii); a eonlinnatioii to the northwest of the .Mliert miiu's area. All the s| reies of lislies that
have iM'en foiiml so far at Heli\eail an' iiiehided in the .\lliert miia's fanna. There is a ^real
siniiarity U'tween the lishes of the .Mlieil mine and Itelivean areas, and thosi' deserilied liy Dr.
Kiimsay II. Traipiair from the Caleiferons Sandsione series of Seotlaiid: Ihey lieloii): to the
.sunie (leiiera, l.iit dilTer as to speeies.
The pMiera of l'al:eoMiscid:e. lilniiliiiirhlhits. Klniilrlillijis. itiid Cniitiliins, so alMindatilly
represented in the New Hrunswiek ami Seottisli shales, liiive lieeii consiileri'd to he lypieal of
the Carl piniferons ajte. Clifinilcjii^ iitmvitii-^h. Whileavi's. from tlir npper Devonian of Seaiime-
nac liay. (inelnc, is an early memlxT of ihe family, and the only eonipletely piTserved repres-
entative of the I'ahi'oniseida' known from the Devonian of North .America. The species of
Hhifliiiiflitlnis (hvseiilK'd from the Carli miferous rocks of Knflland. Scotland, and Ihe Tnited
States, with U. (ilhcili froi'.i New Hrnnswick. iiichide the known species of the ncnns. with the
exception of three from the upper Devonian of New York state, deserilied from fracmentary
reiniiins. with doiililful jreneric n fereiice. under the natnes I'dltimiicii.t (inli'iiiii.i, Williams. /'.
Tfliruhthi^. Williams (both from the I'oiiajre IhmIs ir L.ilTalo. New York), and /'. (ienmiriis.
Clarke. (Naples beds of Spailu. New York). These three species aiv thoiiftht by KiLslinan to
Im' prop-rly referable to Uhii-liiirhthii^. .Mso. Kastman has lately di>s<-rilii'd {2(1) a spc -.
H. ilcL , :roin the base of the Waverley siiies in Kentucky, and another of the same nemis <*
spei'ilically nai.ied, from the Chemmi}: of Warren, I'ennsylvania. The remains on wliici. li.
ilriiii is l...si>d were obtiiitu'd from phosphatie nodules, and. althonjih fragmentary, are remarkable
for the preservation of the s;ift tissues of the head. Il is probable that the discovery of less
fra;iiTieiilnry remains wiil prove th"se Devonian species lo be j;ciieri< ally distiia'l from the
Scottish Cavil mif'Tiiis s;u"Mes on whieli Traipiair founded his ^eniis lihiiili'ii'-lilliiis.
14
In lOOS, ailditioiml |)«lir<)iit<>lc>Ki(nl fvi.lfiirc wim iilrtainiHl, at Ilorton hliiff, Kiiiu» nmiity,
N.S., <>( the ('Hrlxmift-TDiis aiJc "f llii' In'iI" itt lliin |iliiic, cxiKwcd in cliffH (iti the sliorc of Avon
river. Thp«) IhsIk wen- iiiaccil l>y l)«w«iii, on llic •■vi<li'nci' of their foKsiln, in the lower Carl kui-
iferotiH, at alxMit the horiuon of tlie Ailiert Mhale!*. Separate teeth and a clavicle (2'Jl were
found of a si«'cies of SireiiKwSiis proUlily referalile to SIrriiymluK hiinlwiji (DawwiiO, oriKinally
deM'rilH>il from Horloii liluff. S|)ecie« of .S7rr/i«x/M.«, and of the cIoh'Iv iillied ftrmn' UUtmlwi,
are known from the Calcifcrouf hand«lone Kcrics of Scotland: iMith p'liera are typically Cnrlmni-
ferons in (ireat Hritain an<l North America and apparently do not (H'cnr in the Devonian.
All the Paheoniscidie found in the AUh-H shales of New Hninswii'k lielonn to tlii' ■<ani(!
genera as, although dilTering specitically from those of the Carls mi ferous Sandstone series of
Mid anil West bithian, and other liwalities in Scotland.
This series of rocks is consiiiereil, liy the geologists of the Hrilish Survey, an<l others who have
niiwle a special .study of the oil-shale fields in Scotland, to form the l>.H.se of the CarlKiniferous
system in that country. According to them the Carlxiniferous sandstones are the downward
continuation of their CarlKJniferous Limestone series, and rest conformably on the upper Old
Re<l Sandstone. The Calcifi-rous Sandstone series includes tish-lH'aring shales, which are almost
identical in com|Hi8ition and physical characters with the AUhtI shales.
The great similarity of the fish fauna of the shales in the two countries can lead to no other
conclusion than that they are synchronous deixisits.
It is believ(Kl, therefore, that the age ascrilHKl to these (ish-lx-aring shales in Scotland should
also Ik- ascrilxHl, on the evidence of their fossils, to the Albert shales of New Brunswick, and
that the strata in the two countries are g(K)logical e<|uivalents.
With the foregoing intHxluctory remarks relative to the AlU-rt shales of .\lbert and West-
morland counties of New Brunswick, the mode of their occurrence and their probable age, ««•
may [lass on to a short reference to Dr. Charles T. Jackson's work on this particular fauna, and
of that of a munlx-r of distinguished palii'ontologists in later years. Vreceding the descriptions
of the s|X!cies of Palieoniscid fishes so well and abundantly preserved in these rocks is a state-
ment of the material on which the descriptive [sirtion of this re|)ort is based.
Kahliku Dkschiitioxs "k, and kkkkkkxiks to Ai.hkht Shai.k Fiuhks.
In the year 1S.">1. Dr. Charles T. .lack.-on described a number of Pahconiscid fishes, obtained
by hiuLscIf and others, from the shales at HillslH)roUKh. Albert counly. New Brunswick. The
r(>sulls of his study of these fish remains ap|)eared in his "Heisirt on the Albert Coal Mine
(Boston, 1S,->1), pp. 22 2.'), " and in a paper entitled "Descriptions of live new sjiccii's of Fossil
Fishes" in the Proceiilings of the Boston ."Society of Naf\iral History, vol. iv. 1S.')1, pp. i:iX 142.
.•\t this time Dr. ,Iack,<on described and named three species, /'«/iiwii-rH.v iilhirli.l'. hroiniii.Mul
I', cnirnyii, and gave descriptions of a numlwr of specimens without specific references. In the
first named paper reference is made to two plates of illu.st rat ions, which, however, were not
published.' In the second the descriptions are without figures. Lately the .iriginal drawings
Ht i., prtibabli }U(tKinfi •'niin the n-fiTpnctw riii)<)(> hv KKrrtiiii. Dawstin, 'rm'iuiiir. iirnl iithfp<. t<» (IniwinK!* of
l«ckxin'»lvi)t(,> llml a ffw loe"'-'- nl li'ii"I. "' >hi' elnti'" inti-nclcl fiir Ihi' illu-lnitHiii "f tin' ls-">l pii|i<T unci ri'|"irl on
the VlbiTt niinv H»Ik'< witc laHTili-tribiilc'.l i.. Ii'uiIIiik inturcHli'.l |«l;ii)nt(iliigi»t- in .Nunli .Vnuriia ami l-.uruiH-.
1ft
of tht'si' iiiipubli^lii'd platrs luivr Ihtii ImuiKlit to IIkIiI in tlic Vnlc Mil."!'!!!!!. New llavi'ti. Iiy
Dr. ''Imrli's K. Kikstriiiiii of Ciiinliriilp'. Mus-i. 'rfirmiKli this rortiitiatr lirid Dr. Kiistiiiiiii liii.-i
\hvu itlilc 1(1 idrrilify most of .lackson's lyprs and ti^iurrd fprcifiifiis from amotiK thi' liintiTial
froiri till' ainivi! lorality in tlii' nillirtioiis of till' MiiMi'iimof Coiiipariitivi' /oniony, ('iiiiiliridgi',
and of tlii^ liiwlon SiMioly of Natural IliHtory.
Ill till' (iimrlrrly Journal of tlir (ii-olocii'id Soi-it-ly of Uuidoii, vol. ix, IX'ui, p. 11"), Sir
I'liilip (irry KKiTton, Mart., iindi-r tin- lii'iidiii);, "Noli' on tlio Ko,s.>iil Kinh from Allicrt Mini',"
lirii'fly ri'inarkson tlw fossil ti«|i(s from this miiir in Sirt'lmrlcs l,yi'irscoll('i'lioii,nnd tlir imisi'Uin
of Ihr (ii'olotjii'al "ioi'ii'ty. 'I'lir opinion is rvprrssnl that Ihi", lii'loiit; to thr (ti'ims I'ahiiinisi'us,
and ci'rtaiii s|M'i'imi'ns arr idmlifii'd with .laikson's sprcii's. Sir I'hilip add.s that "nil thi'
spi'rii'M from this loi'iiliiy arr irmaikal)lt' for thr rrmoir position of thi'dirsal fin, anil thr highly
Hi-ulptiiird oriuimrntntion of thr hradlHUii's and siali's. Thry ari' also rrinarkalilr for thr lar^i'
sizr uf thr srali'!< I'ovri'iii); the dorsal an^li'. Soini' of thi' larKer spi'i-iiiii'iiK fifturi'd liy Dr.
.Jackson, I'spci'ially fi(j. -, pi. I, havi" tjri-at ri'si'inhlanrr to thr foruiM of I'lilnimiTux, (jraduatiiur
into tho clwrai'lcrs of Kuriimitiix and Amhlynteru.i, found at Burdie Iloii.sr and Ni'whavi'n, in
Srollaiid. Thuy are all ciuito ri-moti' in rharacti'r from thi- I'nlaimiin of thu Kupfi-r Srhii'frr
uiid ina)!ni>siaii linicHtoiir." In the same nuinlHT of this Journal, on p. lUI, in a pajHT "On the
.Ulx'rt Mini', Hillslnirounh, Ni-w Hrunswirk," Sir J. William Dawson rrfi'rs to tlio almndant and
iH'Autifully pri'si'rvi'd ri'iniiins of tishi's in thi' AllMTt simli'.s, mostly lM'loi:„mj! to the gi'iius
PahconiHrus.
In 18(iS, ill thr si'i'ond oditioii of "Acadian (JcoloKy," p. l':}!, Sir J. Williani Dawson ajiain
risfurs to thcw fossil fishes, and kIvcs a figure, in the text, of I'dliioniKCiis allterli (?) Jackson,
III the ('»iiadiaii Naturalist, 2iid si-ries, vol. VIII, 1S7", in his article entitliKl, " ('arlnmi-
ferous fishes of New Hrunswiek," pp. .TJT ;U0. Dawsim adds two species to the H.sh fauna of
these shales, viz., /'(i/((wu'vrH» (Hhnlinichlhiis) ikikIiiIiis and /'. jaH-Kiinii. and supplies further
notes on the orl)jiual species /'. itlhrrli. I', cmm.vi, and /'. hrnind. from inforinatioii gained
from lulditional specimens. .V restored outline is given of /'. miHhiliis, with figures of the scales
(tigs. ISfi, h, r, (I. p. 3:W). This paper also appears in the same year, without change, as part
of the xuppli nieiit to the scoiid edilicn of Acadian (ieology.
Dr. Raiii-say H. Trai|uair had in 1S77 (liuait. Jour. (ieol. 'Soc. of London), in !iis paper "On
the .{(jiiisiiiin (jenern Amlilypterus, I'alieoiiiscus, (iyrolepis. and I'ygoplerus," oxpres.sed the
i)|)iiiion that " t'nlirimi-<rus tilherli. Jackson, and more especially /'. rdi'ni.-i * * *
and some of the other small I'aliioiiiscidie from the Coal Measures of New Brunswick," seemed
to \ti' allied to RlKHUnirlilliijx mrinniu.t (Ag.).
In Dr. John Strong Newln-rry's monogniph on "The PaUeozoic Fishes of North America,"
(l.')l p. I.S7, is to \v found an enumeration of the then known species from the " Ixiwer CailMini-
fereims rocks of New Hrimswick. ' These species, which Dr. Newberry remarks are to be
assigned partly to the genus Hlindinirlilhiix and partly to Klimiritthijs, 'ire I'nhonisrux nlherli,
Jackson; I', cairnxii, Jackson; /'. brotrnii, Jackson: /'. jucLxonii, Dawson; and /'. modului:,
Daw8on.
It'.
Ill isttl, ill |iiiii II nf (lir •■('iiiiili.i: I III.- t-ii-'il l'i-lii> ill 111'' HrilWi Mii-.-iiiii. " Dr. Aiiliiii
Siiiilli WiKHlw.ml -ii|i|iliril lirirf (|i-.ii|ilinii» nf il,n f lln-r -| .rl.«, iiii.l.r llir luiiiii'- llhnilini
,Ulht,- iillnrli. i.lii.k.(.iil. H. .ikVw.i i.lii.k«Miii, nml W. m.»/«/'(- i|»ii«-iilii. hUnHtiiilhif hrmn,,
(p. ."illll i» liii'liliiiiir'l uiliirr ilmililllll ili'l iliilxllrillv diliiirl «|riir«.
IjiI.Iv l>r. Cliiiilc- U. Kii-liiiiiii. ill lii- l»rviifiiiiii Kixlii'^ "f l<i«ii ilcivvii Cmli'iiinil Siiivi'V
VollLllir will. \\MS\. litis illi'lllili' i lrlVrrll.r> In H'lil'li'li'hllnl^ nlUrli. U. nll>HM.llll.l W, »»«/»/"«
MiKTilvii' iIm-^' -I '.I- II- friiii '111' l"«c'r Ciirli mili'iMiH nf .MU'it ciiiiiity. N.I*.
rilr Inlrisnitli: HIV lllr iPllliiipul rclcITI m In IIm' ti-llis ll"" I'l'' M'"'!' ''l''''" 'i'"'' ''"
..liuilllll (Ic nplinll- ll|l|«Mlv I ill IS.-il. II |HTin.l nf IHMllv «i\l,V yrlir>. .I.l.k-nns plllli- nf linuii-
lillllnlltfll It fiw .-nliliM Mlliy IlllV.' Ihti. dir-l lil.lllrl. Wrlr llnl u, llillllilr In llinxl |iiihli.lllnlnk;iM-
■|'lir fnrtiuiiili' iliHi-nviTV liv Dr. Kiif'liiiiiii nf ,la(k«.ii'- niiuiiml iliiiwiiiK-. Im- iiiii'li' |">->ilili' 111'
ici'ntsililinll nf itlc typis llllil litSUri''! "prcilill'lix.
('<>I.I.K(-rll>\« .\l KS'iWI.KIMlMIATS 'Wvv. \HTKIIIAI. I.IIANKII.
Tllc (ic iln^inil Siiivry of Ciiliii'la n-crivrl. ill the ailllllilli nf IIHIT. iwn laiKc mlliclinlis <i
lislir- fn.iii llir .\ll»'ii -liiil'- "f N<'« Hriiii^wii'k, mii' ma.lr l.y Dr. H. W. Kll^ nf llii^ '<urv.'>
till, nlhcr liy Mr. .laims UnlHTlsim, nf tin .Vllicrt iiiim-'.
With a vii'w t.i ir|i.rliii>! nii llir .VIIhtI -liai.s lisli fauna i.'iii''ri'll.v. ll"' «ii'>'''. i" •l"iiii'ir>
KtllS. Iiiriiiil his all.'iilinii in llir, .llcilioiis. aii'l In llic mat. rial frmii 111. ly|.i.al Im-alil
aii.l viciiiitv alnwlv in llic iiiUMinii nf ilir < ln.:i<al Siirv.y, .■nllrct.'d priii.ipally l.y Dr. \
W. Klls ill IS7(i. I.v Dr. V. D. .V.lains in l.s". aii.l l.y Mr. .laims llnlHrlM.n in IMM. Tliir.'
al«> iK.w availul.lc fnr xlinly Hi.' laryr cnllrclinii iiunlc- al llir rtiiiir Inrality l.y llir ttlil.'r, .liirili
111.' siiniiiii'r nf l'.IO.S,
My thanks luc iv.spi-l fully liii'l.'ivl in Dr. Krunk D. .Vdaiiis nf MrCill Ciiivi'iVily. In I)
Clmrl.-s H Ivislniiii mil Mr. Saiiiii.l ll.'iisliaw nf tlir Muscuni nf ('.uiiparalivc Z.K.Injiy, I'aii
liiiilsj.'. M.-siliusclls. Ill Mr. Charli's W. .I(ilm.s .f llir Bnstnii Sncirly of NaUiral lli.slnr
anil'ln Dr. (i. K. Malllirw Sl..I.il,n. N. ».; t.. Dr. A.lani.s fnr affnnliiiK in.' llic npi»irliiiiil
nf .■xainiiiin'i tlu' \v\*! s|M':'ini.':i ni Daws.n'.-i I'.ih mi'rn^ [Wmilinii-hlhij') m.W»/«- aliil nlli,
.,. ii,„.|,s of AllM'rl iilia.i's fishes fiMiii New Hninswiik, lli.' pinprrty nf the I'l'lir Ur.lpal
Museum. Monlici! ; to Dr. Kustni'in aiM Mr. H.nshaw. fnr 111.' Inan nf .linksnus lyp,-. ami ti«iir.
spivinii'lis thai IhI.iIih In ihi' Mus.iiin nf (V.niparalive Znnln^y. lili.l also fnr ih.' Iiiuc'h appivriat.
..1ft nf ph..M);r.iplis nf .laeks.iis niiKiiial .IravviiiKs f.ir his Iwn plal. -: tn Mr. .l..|iiis.,n f r ill.' Inn
nf VlU'it Mines iish material, the pr.iiHTty of th.' Unsinn S.i.'i.'ty of .Natiiriil llisl.ny. in whi.
are ineliiil.' 1 the nritrinals of ihr.M. nf .lark.snn's lipir.'s: aii.l to Dr. Mallh.w r..r liaviii); kiii.i:
■.la-eliiiniy h!inlsaiiiinil..'r..f s| imeiis. fr.nii ill. AlU-rl mines. iulnnniiiK m ih.' .Valiir
llistnrv Sneii'tv of N.'tt Hriinswiek.
17
T)ii> H|iii'iiiH>ii» riTiivi'il friHii tlic Miimiiiiii hi l'iiiii|iHrativt' XiMilii|{y nrr llir iiri|{>iutl.-i »(
■iM'kMiii'x li)(iiri'H, iiK fnlliiwn: ~
I'liilf I. {i»(im' 1. 'I'viH* (if hiftroniitfHM itlthrti, JhcKwhi, \n. 7'<1M»; I^HI4>.
l*Uli' I, Ii(nm' -■ 'l'v|if nf I'llltrmmn-HM linurnit. Jurk«(MI, \i». 71MKI; IfHit.
rUh' I, li^irt* ;t. TviM" tif l*tilirtmiiti-H» ittirunti, Jiirkwin, No, 7H'»1*rt,' Pi.Vi.
I'lulr I, IIkiiiv "i. Nut ili'vrilml liv JiirkaiHi. Xo. 7!IUI; MI57.
V\»\v II, liipm' -. I'llhrimi^rnji <(|i. iif Jiirk«itl. N'n. 7ltS7; P».V».
Plate II. li^iin' ;i. l\ittniniMi'HJ* %\t. of .Itirki* ». 7'.»h7«; Pt.VS.
lltttr II, li|{tirr 7. ?,it»rr ]«* itf V»lmmiih-n», \ii. 7!H)M; I'.i.VI.
Iiiclililril witli tlir s|M'i'iiiii'ii.s Icr! Iiy Mr. .IhIiiimiii iirc I lie fiilliiwini; !<|H'i'iiiifiiM liuuml
by Jiirksim;
IMiitr II. li^irr I, I'nlinminrHA wp, 4if Jiifk^m. N'o. 71N)J,
IMiite II. li^irf .'i. .\(it ileMTiUil hv .Ittckwtii. \ti. 7H is.
I'latr II, tiKiin- s. Niil ili'KTiliMi \>\ Juck«iii. .N'n. 7s!i.s<i.
It may Ih< iiii>iitiimi-<l hrre, that, in that |)art of Dr. .lai'kwmV ri'|><irt on tlir .MiM'rt coal
iiiiiu) having !<|M't'ial rt'd-rciici' to the fo'iMil WAw. thiTc urc icrtHiii (li.<('ri'|iaii<'ir!< in tlii' niiiiilM'i.''
ili'iioliiiK till' ti)jiirrs of tlic plati'i*: \\\\\* " Finurii* ;{ miil .1 iiis " (p. I'l ) ."liould read h'iiiiiris .' iimt
J hit, til, saint' H|M>('inii'ii Ix'init ri'fi'rn'il to ai the Ixittoin of ,iaKi' '•!'< (FiK. -, - l>i.'*) and .shown
ill fiKiirtw L' and '1 lii« of I'latc II. .\ln) " V'\\!.\iU' I " (|i. 21) and " Hj!. ;{" (p. H) lioth refer to
tijj. •' "f I'lHte II .'naiii, " Fin. S" (p. '1\) I'himid pro|«Tly read Ihjure II, w lij{. ti of I'la'e II
illustrateH the »\it- •iiiien dewrilM'd.
Fnini a xtudy of the tyiK' liiHlerial, and ; |M'eiinens, lent to me, ami of the eoiieetii'ii^ heloii);-
iiiK to this Survey, there apjiear to l>e tivi' ^'jlel•ieM .if I'alieoiiineid fiches inehided in ihi fauna
of the .VIIm^I'I shaleH of New Hriiii.'<\viek. Thew speeies are : liliiiilinitlithiis itllurli (.luekwili).
fcV««ir/i.''i/ji hntirni (Jiirksun), K. eleiiantiiliis, Kaslinan, Ciinnliiiis inmhihis iDnwson), and a
s|H'eieM of Klimvhiliiis whieh I re){nrd an new and whieh I have deseriU'd on [uiiie •*.) of this
re|»irt and naiiieil after Dr. U. W. Klls.
f»981— 3
li
Duciirrioii or wictu
■{lltOIMrHTHtM \I.IU:lrri, (JitrkMHI.)
I'latc III. liKF*. I )K
I'liliiimiifMn iilhrrli, JhcUmiii, IfCil. l<i'|N>rl on (he AII'Tt Citnl Mini', I'tr.. KohIiiii, p. 22, |>lttti' I,
tilt, t, plnii' II. H*. 2, J Imh, :i, I, .'), M, mill ti.
I'lilinminrHi' niirn^ii, JiM'kMili, iK'il. Il>iil. plulr I, li|{. •!.
" itlltrrti. .luckMin. |N,y. I)i'w'ri|>liiiii of \\\v H|i«'rii'» iif fiiwil linhi'H, I'riH'. Ihixtiiii Sim-.
of N'Mtiinil llixii>r>'. Vol. IV, p. I:(M.
l'iiliiiini'<rii/i niirnsii, .larkniili, |N."C. I'liil. p. Ktll.
'' iilhrrlittnH I', cnirnnii, hlKi-rtoii, IN.VJ. (^iiart. Jmir. <liiil. Sihv, vol. t(, p. Il,'i.
" iilltrrli, Ditwmiii, IMiM. .Viiiilinii (iiKiliiKV, '.'imI iilitimi, p. 131, Hk. <U.
UhiiillHii'hlhifK tilhrrii iiimI H. rnirii.-ii. Tmi|iiHir, \H", (jimrt. .lour. (iiid. Sihv, Vol. .\\.\lll, ii.
.V>!».
I'liliioninrtiK iillHTliiiml I', mirnxii. DawMiii, IK77. ('Hiuiiliaii Xaturalint, iii'W wrii's, vol. S, pp.
XXH, anil ,m.
I'nliiimi«ru» iiDirrli. Dawwon, ISTS. .Arailian (!iiilo)jy, -M iilition, p. ■-•HI, fiu^ •'-: mippli-nifnt
(/'. nlhfrti anil /'. i«i>m«i'i,) p. KKI.
I'liltiiiiiiiiiK iillMrIi ami /'. ciiiVdMi, Ni'wiMTry, IHHil. I'aliiiizoli' Kishi-x of North .ViiHTira, Mono-
(trapli- I . S. (iiiil. .Siirvry, vol. X\l, p. IS".
HhmliHiihlhyn iillierii, fituith WiUMlv&nl, Mt\ . Cat. Kiiwil FiMhcH liritwh MiiM'Uni, jtarl II, p.
Rliiiilinirlilhi)i> rnlmirl, ."<initli WiMMlwiml. IHdl. Iliiil. p. 4<i."i.
" ir/fcri/i. Kn-sliiian. 1!KW. Drvoniiiii Kisliiv of lowu, Iowa (irol. Siirv., vol. XVIII,
p. -.'til.
HIiniHnirhlhyn mirniti, Kastriian, KKW. Ihiil. p. 2til.
This H|M'i'ii-fi i« thi' tirst of thr .VUxTt mini' ti.ihrs ihwrilMil by .lai'kiion.
Thi-oriKiiialiliwriplioiiof thi'siK'i'iiv'.a." it npiMurcil on pagi- JUof thr " Hi'|Hirl on thr .MImt*
Coal Mini'." is as f' ''nvs:
"PI. I, Kin. I- This tish is thr first oni' that was ilisrovrri'il liy nii' at Ihr .MldTt tninr.
VV^ tU« Ri'fwirt tin tlii< ADmtI r<ml Mint' i-< iiul rruillly ii(-i-i-<^ilil>> lo nil. tl riiciliul •li'^cripliniix uf .Infli-oii'., itlhtT
neii Hpwte* {l'tiliroHi»ruH Hrmrmi bikI I'ttitrtimncitit etiimaui will ti«- •|Ui>tc<' tl ti h. In r Im- ft,IU,wliif[ [>allf,'. wliiTi- Ihcv
.ly.
iminwl
»p|i
1»
•1. |ilnti' I,
IMtllll S<N'.
Il.'l.
XXIII,!..
vol. 8, (<p.
i|>|ili'iii<'iit
CH, MolMI-
irl II, |i.
)l. X\ III,
llir AllxTt
•I(w»ii',t Kthcr
, wheri- they
" Di-wripti"!!: KUh, (mir ilimiMtir* of W* Unly loiiu; hn 1. i.l>tii»<' '<r lilmit, n- if Ml.lii|iiil>
fi>ni|im<iMil mi iii'l"' »im' f"'"' I""': «'"''■• I'"K">. •• •I-'" i""!"" wi'lili, in iMi<lill< •■( l««l.v,
M.V|(lll ini'h: /iw. "IK' il'Txnl, ii|>|»»<ili' uiiul, !«iiii«ll triiiiiiiiilBr. ;HIHIik oI' nii imh nt U"', juiiiliil,
ilnMi|iltiv .« II' llir li»li wiin ili'Hil iM'fiiri' it WB»i'iirli>«ri| ill \\w iiiimI. iiu'W hlmli'i. Amil, niinll,
triikiiKillnr, n lillli' litrifir llinii ilor»»l: I'lrtnnil. -iiiiill. (■iiiii|iri'«wi| iiiln iiini-^ nf pihIii. of lii»ly "f
the Wi; Tiiil. l>ifiirrHli-.l, iiiii'i|iml, viry \m\ii. iiinl lii|HriM(j in iii'l"'' lli^i"i>'l|, whiili ixl Is in »
line |K>itil, Till' '"//i'" run ilowii on ii|>|H'r ilivi«ioii of hill, niiil Ihtciiiii' Krinlimlly •iiuilliT lo liji.
niM(<<i/ ni,7« roiiic rxi'lilxivi'ly from iimli'i- «iili' i ' iil)|»r. nml form lowrr illvi^ioii of inil. ShIi-
of UmIv iirillinni, rhoiiilioiilHl. wBvy, wrmtril on |«i-iMi.ir mnrKiii- .dour liulil lirowii. 'riii-.
fxnU in iMiilmliiHil liiiil not I" .rilii-il. No riilp' of Ihhi' to w>n to inrlicnti' ihr virli'lmil coliiriiii.
hi'liri- till- Uiiii'K iiiilHt Imvi' Imtii cnrtilaKlnoiix nml rompn —ililiv Tlii' n\\\ \i\n>ir< lire Ino ron-
fiimilly ('oiii|iriMm.<l to '.«■ iliKwrti^d. I cuniiot timl in itny |iiilili"lii'il IxMik «iiy tiijiirr of a fi>sil
ti»li iiii'iiliiitl with tliU. It in I'viilnitly n i*Mliioiiiwii», nml in |irol«lily ii yoiiiiit imliviiliml, if
wMUiiK to Ik! imlirntiHl liy if« siimll ninr. nml tlir ili'liinry of il» wnlrs. Wf will nnini' it, prov-
iHioimlly, /''i/'rimiicM» /l//«rti, in roiiiiiicinornlion of its U'liitJ tlir Hri-I fo»sil tir-h iliwoviTnl in
AllM'rt rouiity, ill X»'w Hruiwwick."
(MhtT HiMiMiiii'im from llii- AllM'rt mine, iliwrilxil liy .InckwHi, Imi not naimil liy liiin. iiir
hImiwii ill hU tinurii* ■.', J bi" nml A of plutr II. uml InIoiik to tliix H|i(Mi.-.. His liKiircx .'i nml S
of Ihi- Ki»m<' piKtf ropri'w'iit »|M'cim('ii» of all)rrli from the miik' locniily, not mi'iitioni'il in tlir
tfxt of hin rrjuirt. Thr oriKinal of tiuiin' I, |iluli' II. of which no mriilioii is innilr in thr text,
liiiK not liecn w'i'ii liy thf writer. Iiiit it |>rol«l)ly nlw> in of thin Hiiii'lfs.
In the colli-rtions from the Allwrt nhnli's of Xi'w Hriiii^wirk. iH'lotiKinfr lo thr (IroloKicnl
.Siirvi-y. thin xiM-nrn in the om- nioKt nliiimlaiitly rrjiri'wnti'il. It I'viih'iitly .•'wnrmnl in count Ii'm
iiiiniht'rM in tho walcrx of itn time.
A careful utiidy of the ty|«' nml figiireil !<|H'«-iim'iiJ< of .InckwinV /W<»»nt-r)/« ttHnrti, nml of
the tyiH' of /'. mirnxi, .I«ck«ili, hn» compelled the writer to InOieve llmt llie InttiT if not cin'ci-
tically iliKtiiut from the former. .\ sup|Mweil ilitTereiice in the ornumcnlal' m of the lln.ik ncnle-i
HeciiiH to have 'x-eii reliiil on principally a.* a character deiiotiiij! cpecitic .|i-linction.
Dr. Jncki«>ii'« diwriptioii of HlnuHnulilhijK mirii-i, to Ik' foiiml on the xii' ' ,iii)je of the |.S.")1
re|>ort an thft r.f R. niherii, in a« follows:
"I'lnt<' I. Vie- M. represents a perfect fish of the Kemis Palimnis' is which wa.s found on
the :ird of .lune last. In its ueiicrnl form and appenranee it rcsi'iiihles 'he I'nlaiiiiixni-i Hliiitiim,
of I'rof. .SedRcwick. (I»nil. (ieol. Trans., .'d series. Vol. iii. PI. •». Kij!. 1) nn<l Anassiz, illc-
eherchi-s siir le.s I'oissons Kossiles. Vol. ii. Tnlt. 1" Kit!. '>.) Imt i differs from that species in tlii'
Btriation of the scah'S, the stria' of the Hillslxiro" sjH'cies iM'iiiK parallel to the anterior hiiiI lower
iiiarKiiis of the scale?, and the .shape of the scales diffcriiiK essentially from .Mr. ."''eddewick s
sjM'cies.
"Description. -Fish, long and slnidcr, i l-'J diameters of its lx«ly lontt; leiiKlh of head, n
little less than the largest diameter of the lx«ly; the head has the shape of an cciiiilatcral spherical
triangle; tip of r.osn, or snout curiously tulx'rculntcd and dotted ; gill plates I'amiol Ix' dissected,
30
tlwy lire sci Initllr and coiifiisi'd wilh the liiwl: ///is ]ii'ctiii!il ii little l«'liiri(l jfiH pliitrs, siiiil
cxtciiil Im'Iow tile fish ;M()tlis (if iiii inch, it is ii iianciw-|iiiiiiti'il tin. well niarkid willi its rays.
Darxiil I'm far liack towanls thi' tail, a little aiilcridr tii anal; it is half an in<'li Icmj; ami '.'-lOths
iif an iiic-li hinli. and is well niarkeil with its rays. Anal jin sdnirwhat larpr tlian dnrsal.a little
|iiis|erior to it. Aliilniiiiiiiil fni very small. >ilnateil a very little in advaiiec of the inidille iif the
Imdy; tail nne |Ually liiliireated iir heier real: xrnli's run down on it lieeoiniii); smaller and
more and more aeiilely rhonihoidal or lozeiine shapi'd as thi'y recede: caudal rays come exclu-
sively from under side of upper division of tail. Sivlrx obtusely rhomUiidal on anterior and
iniildic of body, anil are distinctly striated parallel to anterior and lower margins, while they arc
sm<K>tli an<l very lirilliant towards and uiMin the tail, dorsal scales larfjc and in form of ohtn.se
sphc'rieal Iriannli's pointing' backwards t<pwards the dorsal fin. This specie ,■: is not ileserilie<l
in any liook I have examined, and bdiivitin it to be new. 1 shall take the liberty of naming; it
/'(i/iiiwt'vcH.v Ciiini-^ii. after the hifihly inlellineiil superintendent of the .\lbert coal mine, William
Cairns, to whose ac-tivc and umcmittin}; lal«inrs I am indebte<l for so many specimens of the.se
interesting fossils."
Itliiuliiiiflilhiix itlhcrd is of small size, rather slender, fusiform, averajiinK in length about
S ."> cm. (ircatcst depth of trimk in advance of the pclvii' fins, -lijihlly over one-fifth the total
length. The hiad, in lcn<;th. about equal to the maximum ih'plh of the Ixidy. Kye of moderate
size, placed far forward. Kins well developed. Dorsal fin be};imiiiiK a little behind the iiiid-
lelicth of the fish, triantrnlar, alnMit the same size as, and arisinj; somewhat m advance of the
anal fin. Caudal fin much prolonged in upper lobe, deeply forked. Pectoral lins laifli', with a
short base. Pelvic pair, if anythin^r. nearer to the anal fin than to the pectorals, of small size.
Teeth iniinite. ."suspensorium obli(|Ue.
.Xiiterior Hank scales, plate III. lij:. .'). ••iImiuI as deep as lonj; (exposed surface). ornamenlc<l
with strialions. some of which are parallel to the lowc^r and anterior m.'irtiins: whilr others,
fewer in luunber, have an <ibli(|Ue backwaril and downward diiection and aii' confined to the
upper, posterior i|Uarter of the scale. These latter siriations are deeper than the others, are
comparatively short, and ari' most conspicuous toward the back margin. The former are fine,
fairly re^nilar, and occupy the remaining thrcc-(|uarters of the scale surface, bcn<lint; upward
anteriorly parallel to the front margin. There arc three or four of the coarser stria' an<l about
six of the Mner ones. The strialions indiTit the posterior margin of the scales causing it to 1m'
mimilely serrated. In the more |Misterior flank scales the strialions are fewer in numlier and
tend to di.sappc.-ir. the obliouc stria' beinji still apparent when the rcmaiii<ler of the scale surface
has become smooth. In these s<'ales the serrations behind are rcdn<-ed in lumiber and are
ri'latively coarsi'r. In the ImicIv prolonpiti if the upper lobe of the tail the .scales have the
usual el<mj;alcd diamond shape, with a surface in whii'h a sli);hl indication of a coarser loiiKi-
Indiiuil striation is still visible.
.Mxiul ten to twelve enlarged ridp' scales, (plati' III, fiji. (i.) occur in advance of lhl^ dorsal
(in. reachiuf; in a row forwjird to a point not far removed from the back of the hi'ail. They
are consiilcrably longer than broad, narrowly rounded in front, s(jmewhal pointed behind, and
are coar.H'ly ami irregularly striated longitudinally, the strialions conforming in a general wav
■Jl
til llif riiivc of llic liltrmi tiuir)!ili. I'jilaiwil siiilcs iilsip ncciir licliiiiil the clorsiil fin iiiid arc
niiitiMiii'il liiick nil the iippi'i' liilii' of till' tail, with a liiiiili iinriasnl <iV('i'la|>. to its ti'i'iiiinatii>M.
Tlirv cliiniiiisli ill si/.c as ilicy pass baikwanl. ami arc iniiili niliircil in liicadlli. risriiiliiint;
\nrnr fiili'ia. In a<lvan >!' Ilir anal tin ami IicIwimii it ami llic cainlal. a few injar^cd scalrs.
similar in shape ami sculpture t(i those nf the dcnsal rnw, arc also present. Tlicre appear to
Ix' three in advance iil' the anal tin and aUmt the same nnmlier liehind it. .Ml the tin rays are
jointed throuKhoiit, except the principal anterior ones of the pectoral pair, which appear to
Im' I'litirc proxinially. and to be jointed only in their distal halves. They siilidividc dislally
and have the nppcaranci' of liciiij; at times slichlly striated in the direction of their h'licth.
Minute fulcra arc present on thi' niarpii of the lower caudal lohe ami on the anterior marpns
of the other tins. The hi'ail l>oncs are ornamenlcd with longitudinal riddles and lul ircles. and
transitions hetwi'cn the two. Kijiurc 1 of plate III ^ives anallcmpled restoralion of /{hiKlinicli-
Ihi/s ttllHrti. twice the natural size of the .-ivcrane spccinicn, hased on the type material and the
many specimens contained in the (ieolotrical Survey collections. Kifturcs '_' and ;t of the same
plate are reproductions of photoftraphs of two indiviiluals. idllectcil l)y Dr. |{. \V. I'Mls. in l'.MI7.
from which a fair idea of the Kcni'ial proportions of the fish and the |M)sition of its hns can be oIh
tailied. The size of the restoration does not ailniit of a proper rcpresentalion of most of the
liner details of sfructure and orimmentatiou, such as the surface .sculptiiri' of the head-lMiiies.
the striatiou ami serration of the scales, the articulation and siilHlivisiou of tlii' fin rays. etc..
so that the.scr have been wluilly or in part omitteil. The ornamentation of the scales is jriven
in the more enlartrcd finurcs I, .">, alul li of plate III. In the spe<inien ie|irc<luced in ficnre ;i,
plate III. the i«)sition ami size of the maxilla, mandible, and eye are well siiUKested, but in the
many specimens examineil the Ikiiics of the head cannot be satisfactorily made out. In a number
of examples the oblii|uity of the posterior out line iif the opercular apparatus is clearly imlieatcd.
The type specimen of Hhii(Hnirlilhii.i iillnrli. No. IdliO of the .Museum of Coniparativc Zoolojry.
Cambridge, the oriKinal of .lackson's li^inre 1. plate I. is imperfect in many respects. The dorsal,
anal, and caudal fins are but partially preserveil, while the other fins, as well as the head, are
missiuf;. In most of the scales the liner details of ornaincntalion are obscure, and the posterior
marnius are broken. .Mthounh the scales are not. as a whole, well preserved, yet, some of Ihein,
well forward on the flank, on clo.sc examination, show that the same .style of striatiou exists
in them as in the type of li. (■(lirn.-i. The principal c-haractcr apparently relied on, as a dis-
lin^uishiiiK one iM'twi'cn this spc^cies and H. niini-^i, was the implied difTerencc in the scale
sculpture. .\ny difTerencc in the ornamentation of the scales in these species, a.s throntihout llii'
I'ahninisciche as a whole, may be expected to be most aceciiluated ill the Hank siales for some
little distance back from the head. The scales of /i". nlhirli were evidently regarded by Dr.
.lacksoii as beiiif; smooth, as in the original description they are referred to as licinn '■brilliant,"
no other reference Ix-iii); inaih' to their oriiaineiitation beyond the observation that the posterior
margins are serrati>d. The scales of the type specinieii of l{. aiirnsi are well preserved, with
the sculpture particularly ih'tinite, plate III. \\)i. i. In .lackson's description they are slated
to be "distinctly striated parallel to anterior and lower inarciiis." a description that. t<i be
complete, needs sonic reference to the coarse, obli.iiie stria' which are present in the upper back
portion of the scale surface. To the writer the striatiou of the scales appears to l«' the same in
iKith spei'ii's, poorly preserved in the type of l{. nlhrrti. but very clearly shown in the tV|i<' of
22
R. rnirn-n. with a like serration of the jHistcrior iimrciii in l)oth. Other charactors (listin)snisl
inc the two .sprcics arc not ol)scrv<'(l. ami the contliision has l)('i'n rcnclu'd that there is n
real dislinction l>et»fen the two. The type of li. aiirnsi is rather larger than the average size
s|H'einiens of R. iilherti. The striation parallel to the lower and front margins of the seales
seen ill the majority of the many specimens in th<' (Icologlcal Survey ollcction of the gencri
siz.' of. and rcgarde.1 as referable to. R. ulhcrii, as well as in the two specimens shown li
Jackson in licurcs 2 and -i of l)late 1. These last were regarded hy Jackson as helongiii
to Olio and the same species, Imt were not otherwise .specifically determined. They are hei
referred to R. nlliirli. Three other si«'ciinens, figures i. ."i. and S. of plate II, not allmhd to i
the text of Jackson's re|K)rt, ari' evidently of this species. The originals of figures 4 and
consist of the iM>sterior half of the fish only, conseiiuently the anterior tiank scales of the:
particular specimens have not heen .seen; they evidently, however, belong to R. nlhen
reliance being placed on the characters displayed. The original of figure K includes .seal
some distanc(^ in advance of the dorsal and anal fiiis, in which the characteristic striation of i
atbcrli is revealed; its reference to this siMries is, therefore, considered proper.
Ki.oNKHTHVM miowxi (Jackson).
Plates IV. V. VI. VIT, VIII, and IX.
PnIiromTU.i hrmrmi. Jackson, 1S.-.1. ReiKirt on the .\lbert Coal Mine, etc., Boston, p. '2
plate I, figs. 2 and .'), plate II, fig. 1. and plate I, Hg. 4.
/'n/m(ni.vrM.v hroicm'i, Jackson, 1S.")2. Description of five new species of fo,ssil fishes, I'n
Boston Soc. of Natural History, vol. I\', l>. 13S.
Elimifhthii.'i brntrnii, Traciuair, 1S77. Quart. Jour. (ieol. Soc, vol. XXXIII, p. .").")3.
I'alwmiunix (Klonichthys) brownii .•iiid /'. jarkstmii, Dawson, 1S77. Canadian Natiirali;
new series, vol. S. p. 330.
I'nhoni^riis {Klnniehlhiis) bnmiiii and /'. jiirk-ynnii. Dawson, 1S7S. Acailian (ieolo|i
3rd edition, supplement, p. IIM.
I'nhimUnix brmrnii aii' ! /iiH-miiii. Newberry, 1SS<(. I'aheozolc Fishes of North .\incri(
Mimographs V. S. Ceol. Surv., vol. X\T, p. 1S7.
Ehnirhthiix hrowiii. Smith Woiwlward, ISill. Cat. Fossil Fishes. British Museum, part
p. .Vll, under doubtful and imperfectly <lefined species.
The tvpe of this species. No, I'H'il. of the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zool<i(
Cambriilge. Massachusetts, is from the .\lberl mines and was diseriUd by Dr. Ji"'<son in IS.
in his "Ueport on the .Mbeit Mine, etc., " and in the year following, in the Pro. cdings of t
Bostim Society of Natural History. It loiisists of the greater part of the fish, with the 1
side ex|)osed, in an admirable state of preservation, and gives very minute details of structii
The specimen exti'iids from close behind the head to a point some distance beyond the ba.se
the tail, so as to include altout one-third of the Ixidy prolongation of the upper IoIk' of the (
and the greater part of the lower lobe. The dorsal and anal fins are licaiitifully shown. From i
anterior end of the Imisc of the anal fin forward, the specimen is imperfect below, and the pel
and pectoral fins are niis.sing. The type specimen is well shown in Jackson's plate I, tiguri
23
OviT B (Idzcii <^xttin|)lrs of a liirni" fish from tlif shales of thi' All«'rt iiiiiics arc now in the
possession of this Survey, and are in the writer's ojunion referable to this species. In fact, of
the spei'irneiis of fossil fishes from this locality, nil the lar^e ones appear to Iw'lonj; to this species.
They raiiKe in length from about IS.j em. (approximately of the size of the type specimen) to
nearly U."! .'i em. or about U inches. The specimens depicted by Jack.son in plate I, figure Ti,
anil plate II, figure 1, arc also U'lievcd to belont; to this species. The orijrinal of Jackson's figure
4, plate I, the ty|H' of /'(i/ir«« i vrii-v jiicl,siini. Dawson, is not available for study, but, judgiii);
from the figure, it is presumably not ilistinct from /■,'. hriiwni. lis h'Ugth, as stated by Dr.
.Jackson, was originally 1"> inches.
Jackson's original dcscripiion appeared as follows, (m page 22 of his reiKirt: "PI. I. Fig. 2.
This Ix'autiful fish was found by Mr. Brown, the captain of the mine, subse(|ucnt to my first
visit to Hillsboro". It is one of the largest, or full grown species. It was unfortunately broken
ill the operation of extracting, but it still is a very valuable specimen. This being the first fossil
fi.sh found by the chief miner, I have named it I'nhummint hrrwnii.
"Dese'' ion. — Fish nearly whole. It is one of the large.-t species yet fo uul, and it.s length
is three tin., the greatest width of its Uxly; whole length, .') ;{-10th niches: breailth, 1 7-l()th
inches; head broken otT just in front of |M'ctoral fin: extremity of tail broken: alKloininal fin
missing, it having Ikm'II broken in getting out the specimen. I)or.sal fin, a little iH'hind middh^
of ixxly, (ip|M).site, or rather a little in front of anal."
The original descriptions of the specimens shown in plate I, figure 4, and plate ll, figure 1,
arc as uiidi^r: —
"PI. I., Fig. 4. This large and elegant fish was most unfortunately broken in splitting it
out fnrni the rock, only the posterior part of it having l)een saved in a fit condition for delinea-
tion. The whole length of the fish wa> originally fiftei'ii inches. That portion which remains
entire is '> 1-2 inches long; it was broken otT through the ixisterior edge of the dorsal fin. It
was an old fish, as is evident from the appearance of the scales which are thick, heavy, and have
their striations in part obliteratetl, whih' the .serrations are extremely sharp and deep. The
seah's are i-loiigated rhomboids, and hav(^ many stria' upon their surface which run parallel
with their upper and lower margins. Caudal scales, acute lozenges. They tin. down on u|)per
division which is long and covered with scales. Hays of tail come olT very n.- nictly, exclusively
fr.)m under side of upper divi.sion, and the tail is unei|ual or heterocercal. I'ntil we obtain
an entire spijcimt-n, |K"rhaps it will Ix? prudent to abstain from giving a specific name. It is a
spcM'ies of the genus /'n/ironisrM.v.
" PI. II., Fig. 1. This species s;) nearly resembles the I'alitDiiixcux deairii.'! of Sir Phii.,i M.
d(^ Kgerton, as on first view to |)ass for it: but on examining the lines of strite, we are forced to
regard it as another species. The four great dorsal scales, anterior to the dorsal fin, exactly
resemble in form tho.se represented in Sir Philip .\I. de Hgerton's plate. (See Quarterly Journal
(ie;ilogical Society of London, for IS19.) The .scales of one specimen* are striated, parallel with
the su|X'rior an<l inferior margins, and are deeply and acutely scrrattxj on their ptwterior edges.
•KvUlt'nIly a mi-print for nttr.
24
The line:* <if striiilion iirr wurii iiway idiisiilcniMy, iiiiliciUiiit:. iirrlm| s, llml il whs hii uliI 11:^1
It WW. when ciiliii'. iilnml cittlit imlii's lonu. ami il is Iwc. imhrs in (liiiiiulcr fioiii llir aiilciii
(.(Iters of the tlorsul and iiiial tins. Tlic lithoiiniphii' ilcliiicalicn tiiv.s a siilliciciilly lull cxliiMlii
of 111.- clmiwttT of this s|HriincU. which apiicars to U' of the same s|ccics, or very near 11
s|H'cics, last (Icscrilicil."
The tviM'. anil liKUlcil si.c;-iinciis of .laiksoii. together with the sipcciiiicns liclontiint: to tli
Survey, form a scries from which il is now |K.ssil.lc to form a fairly correct idea of tlic nener
shape of the s|>ecics. and of many details of its structure.
Om- kuowli'dne of the heml must, for the p-vsent, remain delicient, as in all the specime
that part is oliscure. and pmviih's the least relialilc iiilormation, principally on aci'oimt of tl
cITectsof crushiM«. which are more apparent here than in other parts of the Inidy. .Some of t
.specimens fmiiish an approximately true outline of the hsh, with the exact position of the Hi
but without much detail: from others wv olitaiu particulars of structure, and the minutiii'
Bcah' ornamentation.
From a study <>f all availuhle material this species -eems to |Hissess stihle characters
(jeneral. hut to vary sli;:htly as regards the <irMamenlation of the scales, a variation which appei
to 1m' (luite indepcmh'nt of the a>:e or size of the individual. It heloUKs to the (Icnus Klimkliilii
KlunkldUijx broinii (.lackson) may Im^ di scriU'd as follow -
A apocies of moderately lartje size. reachiuK a le-' ... Mioem. (aUmt l.-)inches). Maxinii
(h'pth of the trunk, slinhlly in advan )f the pelvic tins, contained alMiut three and thn
.l\iarters times in the totallcuftth. l-ennlh of head, including the opercular apparatus, aln
one-fifth of the total lennth. Kins rath'.r larp Pecl.iral fin iM)werful. spreading', with a rati
r(.strictL.d hase; rays articulated, except the first two or three proximally. I'elvic fins, sm
ill comparison with the other fins, ahont midway iM'tween the pectinal and anal fins, in advai
of the mid-lcnuth of the trunk. .Viial tin, larne, triangular, with a broad base, reachinj; post
iorlv close to the tail. Dorsal fin. similar iu shape to the anal but not (luite .so larfic. the cen
of its base nearly above the anterior end of the ba.se of the anal. Caudal fin larfic, the 1h;
proloncatiou of the upper lobe robust, extended, the low.r lobe well developed. Fulcra in
the tins conspicuous. Kxternal bones of the head ornamented with definite ridfles of vary
length, straijiht or slightly tortuous and havinj; a general longitudinal direction, replaced
times bv tul«'rcles. Flank scale.-, near the head, ornamented with numerous longitudi
striie. aiid a serratc'l posterior border. I's'ially. in passing backward on the trunk, these .st
gradually disappear, being replaceil by a h'W pinict nations. th( surface of the scales b(.com
smoother and the serrations of the posterior Ixirder fewer \n munlM'r. until in the upper li
of the tail l«>lh punctuations and serrations are lost and the scales are (|uite si )th. Il
found, however, that the striations of the scales persist in a variable degree, in dilTcrcnt specinu
iu the posterior half of the trunk. an<l in some, even th.' caudal scales retain a number of
striiP. F^r.larged, longitudinally striated, imbricating dorsal ridge scales extend in a row fr
near the head to the clor.sal fin. and from the latter to the extremity of the tail, on the up
IoIk' of which they are of mo(lified shape and gradually diminishing size, liclwecn the a
2S
fin mill the li)\vrr IoIh' (if Ihr lull a row cif iiiil>iicatiii>; snilcs, criliiitscd hikI oniaiMfiilcil cin.ilinrly
to tliosc Im'Iwccmi the dorsal tin and n|>|ic'r lol f the tail, also occur. Kniargcd, lonptiidinally
.Miriatcil scales air seen in a niiiiil)i'r of spcciincns, liclwccii the anal and ventral tins, and lictwccii
the latter and the pectorals, bill whether these all' disposeil in a dehnite sin(,de row <ir not haw
not Im'cii ascertained. In all the hiis the rays are articulated, and their joints, though ni'"i'rally
smooth, are soinetinies s<'ulptured to a slight ixtent. This sculpture has liecn best observed
in the dorsal and anal tins of the type specimen. In the more anterior part of the tins, it consists
of a feeble ol)li(|iie striatioii of the front margin of the joints, while more posteriorly ilu'ir hind
mar)!ins develop minute serrations.
Ill general proportions H. hroinii is moderately deep, \hv maximum depth of the trunk
beiiin contained alxiul three and three-i|uarters times in the total length, of which thi> hcail
occupies alwiut one-tifth. The caudal pedicle is slender, its depth beiii); alxiut twci-fifths of the
greatest depth of the trunk. In siihr view, the dorsal outline, moderately Hat in advance of
till' dorsal fin, descends rapidly near thi' head, which is rather short and obtusely |Kiinted. The
depth of the trunk is much diminished b'^twecn the dor.sal and anal fins, the line of the base of
these hiis beiiij; oblique to the longitudinal axis of the hsh. The tail is deeply forked and the
upper lobe considerably i xcced.-! the lower one in leiijjth.
The luandibular suspcnsorium is apparently obliiiue. The teeth, as seen imi>erfectly in
one specimen only, seem to l)e arranged in two rows, after the manner of the (teiius, viz., with
.small teeth in an outer row, and large,- ones, at intervals, fonning an inner row. In all
the specimi^ns the head is unsatisfactorily preserve<l, and no definite statement can be made
regarding the sliapu and disi«isition of the buiies.
In the fins, the ray.s are articulated throughout except the most proximal part of the first
two or three rays of the pectoral. The dorsal fin, plate IV, fig. 1.', is triangular, with a ba.se
nearly eiiual to the length of the anterior Ixmh'r. The po.sterior margin is straight or slightly
concave and ei|uals the base in length. .\s exhibited in the type spcciin plate I. fig. 2, and
plate IV, fig. I, the rays, anteriorly and proximally arel) (i mm. broad, there being five rays in
a space of :{ mm. 'Iht: joints are about 1 .") mm. long, that is, their l;'iiglh is alniut three times
their breadth, plate \', fig. "). Proximally, the rays along the whole length of the base dccrea.se
but little, if at all, ill thickness |M)st( ioily The rays sulHlivide distally. They bear a longi-
tudinal striation or groove, which begins nc^ar tli(' base and is ;il first superficial. This groove
deepens and become,* more dc led near the mid-length of the tin, and culminates in a subdivi-
sion of the ray not far from the iM)sterior margin of the fin. Di.stally a second, and apparently
also a third sulnUvision, may take place. The joints retain very much the same length ilistallv,
as proximally. with the result that their length relative to their thickness is greatly increased
with each successivi^ sulHlivisioii, in other words, they become more sleiiih-. On the front
liiirder of many of the joints in the more anterior pan of ihe fin, three or four slight, short stria-
tions are observed, directed upward and backwai'd, ()blii|uely to the longitudinal axis of the
rays. These particular markings are not observed in the iKisterior half of the fin, where another
style of ornamentation is developed, viz.. a minute serration of the hinder Inirder of the joints,
the scrrafions also iKiinting upward and backwanl, plate V, fig. (i. The fulcra along the anterior
9981—4
20
iMml.T lorni n .•o.isi.i.'uoiix f.-iitun. of ttir fin. In.livi.limlly Ih.y i.rc imt Muil.' straifsht. l.ul
Imvc a slinlil xiKiiioid or .louMc .urvr iiiicl lliry tiip.T to mi ol.ttw point hImivi-. In the lower
imrt of tlic liii, wh.'iv thrv u\v most rolm^t, tfirir IciiKtli i«^li»!litly ovrr I :> nun., with a tlnrk-
n..^.H of about a mill, at tli.-ir lower ••n.l.s; th.'V <lo not d.-crcaw nm.'h in size in tiif tin's. Iistal
half.
Till- anal fin is larwcr than the dorsal one, ami what has l«-cn said rcpardinK the stnicturp
of the latter applies e luallv here. Its outline aliiKwt forms an eciiiilateral triaiiKle, with the
base slichtlv less than the ant.'rior height, aii.l with the |K.sterior inarniu regularly an<l nioder-
atelv incurved. In .ae siHM'imen in particular its proportions are w.'ll shown (hpire I, plate
VIl" 111 the tvpe si»."iinen. this fin, although admirably preserve.l with all details of ornainen-
tation iiilaet, .i.ies not exhibit the whole length of its base, as, iH.steriorly, there is a slight overlap
of the lower lM)rder of the eaudal pediele due to distortion.
The iH'etoral tins are not well k'-owu in st of the siieeiineiis seen. In one specimen,
however. r..Mreseiited in figure 1, plaie VIII, the left one of the pair is fairly wvll preserved,
and from it we can ju.lge of its pro|K.rtions and relative size. In this spi'dmei. ihe tin is spread,
naturally and without distortion it would seen-, and an idea of power is conveyed by its outline,
Its length, measured in a straight liiu^ from the l.a.-e to the anterior distal end. is h^ss than that
of the dorsal tin in the same specimen. The anterior or outer Um\vr sweeps romid m a graceful
curve and in this respect differs from the corres|K.nding Iiart of the dorsal and anal hns, whidi
is more nearlv straight. The base is .short and is containetl alK.ut four times m the tin s length
The inmr margin is. in length, alK.ut cpial to the base, but the posterior margni, when the hi
is spread as in the specimen, e.,uals four-tifths the total length of the tin. The rays have
about the sain., thi.'kn.'ss as tli..s.. ..f the .lorsal an.l anal tins, an.l are similarly jointed ani
sculpturcl, with this .liffeirn.v, that, proximally the first f.^w anterior rays remain unartuu
lated. The fulcra, c.ntimious along the wh.,le front iH.r.Ur, d.) not differ from those of th.
fins already descrilxnl.
The pelvic or ventral fins are relatively small, have a slu.rt base an.l seem to b.' long in pro
Ijortion t.) their width. Their fulcra are well developed.
The caudal tin -s ,,reserv.Hl in a m.nil).!r ..f sp,.cimens in which its shap<- is clearly shown
It is ,h...plv forked. Th.. I.mg, acuminate upp..r lobe is formed t.. th,' ext.Mit ol aln.ut on.-hal
its wi.lth by the bo.lv prol.mgati.)n which r.-aches to it« extreme tip. The lower l.ibe is .short.'
and is appar..iitlv more r.iun.h.l in .mtfine at its extr.-mity, .lot .•oniing to su.'h an acut
o.,i,it iM.hin.l. Th.. fulcra ..f tli,. Lrnvr l..l«. agr.e in size with thos.. ..f th.. other hns. The h
ravs spring fr..ni th.. wliol.' U'ligth ..f th.' Lrnvr surfac .,f th.. Ixuly i,r..l..ngatioii. beguining ar
1..riorly bcLm- at a point ii.)t far rem.ive.l fr.)in .li.i posterior termination ..f the base of th
anal fin, an.l ending al«.ve at th.. .U.-tal extremity ..f the Uxly pr..l..ngati..n. Ihey aiv j.nnt..
an.l sculptured as iu the d.)rsal an.l anal fins.
The scales are of moderate siz... in th.. f..rni ..f rh..mb..i.ls on th.. Hanks, with the usui
p,.g-aiul-soeket arti..uIation. an.l with a ....nsi.lerable ..v..rlap. On the tiank, half way b..tw..,.
he .lorsal tin an.l the hea.l, their height, or breadth, is three-fourths of their length, plate >
27
fig. 2. Nearer the hrail thiMr height i« rcliilivcly »!f<'B'''r. In panHiiiu towuril the tail their
pn>|inrtionate length Kraihmlly iiirreHH'^i. ThiiM' aiNiiit iiiiilnay lietweeii the anal ami liorxal
fin.i are twice as Ion); a» liiKh. and iti thi' IhIh' <if the tail the average |>r<i|Hirti<in of lrii);th to
height ii 3 tu 1.
The Hank .scales near the head are sculptured liy slriations, haviiiK a (jeiieral lonniludlnal
direction, and nuinlM'rinn from aJHml sixteen to i ighteet or twenty. I'nder a lens they have
a decidedly ruKose appearance. These strialions cover the whole of the exposed part of the
srale, and extend forward in the over-lapped part to near thi' front inar);in, alon^ uhich there
is a narrow smooth iMirder. Most of the .striations are continuous Ihrounh the lentilh of the
scale to its |M)sterior margin. Imt a few ar<' shorter anil either merce into adjacent slriie or are
interfered with by stria' obliiiue to their course. In the lower part of the scale the strialions
are generally parallel to the lower margin and curve vip with it anteriorly. Thii-<' aliovc assume
a more or less oblicpie direction backward and downward. This ditTerence in the direction of
the slrialion in the upper and lower parts of the scale is accentuated in some of the scales, where,
in the upixsr anterior half, the stri:e are parallel to the diagonal conneclin); the upper back with
Iho lower fn)nt angle of the scale, while those Ih'Iow the iliagonal arc parallel to the lower margin.
The stria" arc often more or less curved, resulting in slight variations in the general longitudinal
direction. Th(^ iHisterior margin is inilcnted by the striie, the result being a conspicuous
.serration of that part, the numlM'r of serrations depending on the numlior of stria' at the back
margin. In the type specimen, and in some others in the collcctirm of the (ieological Survey,
the flank .scales, as we pass backward toward the tail, gradually become smoother, the place of
the striations, as they di.'^appear, iH'ing taken by a dimini.shing number of |)unctations, plate V,
fig. 3, but it is observed that the .striali<«is persist most near the anterior and po.sterior margins
of the scales. As the height of the scale is reduce<l there is a corres|K)nding rciluction in the
nunilM'r of the [Kisterior dent iculat ions. When the tail is reached the scales have iK'conie almost
smi/oth and there are fewdenticulalions. In the Ixxly prolongation of the tail the scales arc(|uile
smooth, with entire margins. In .some .specimens in the collection, notably in the largest one
obtained in the summer of 1!K)S, there is a very general iM'rsistence of the strialions through-
out the length of the flank, even well <m to the upper lobe of the tail. In difi'erent .specimens
there are observed various dcgrc>es of development of the longitudinal stri:e of the scales in
the more i)ost.rior |M)rtions of the flank, and although at first it was suspecte<l that more than
one s|M'cics of Kloiiiclilhjix was represented by the larger specimens fri'm the AllM'rt .shales .s,i
far obtained, it is now Ix'licved that they all In'long to the single species E. bro.nii, a s|«'cies
having a scale ornamentation variable within limits.
From alxnit twelve to fifteen enlarged. imbri<'ating. dorsal ridge scales extend from a short
distance back of the head to the dorsal fin. They are largest midway between the head and the
Hn, at the highest [x).... of 1\k l)ack As, in most of the specimens, these scales are badly
crushe<l, and broken at the edges, it is dithcull to obtain a clear outline of them, but the larger
anterior ones appear to be ovate, slightly longer than broad, and to attain a breadth, in some of
the specimens, of between IS and 10 mm., not taking into account the transverse curve of the
scah'. (}\\ approaching the dorsal fin they are not so broad, and arc more pointed behind. They
are ornamented by wavy, fre:|ucntly inosculating, longitudinal striic somewhat coarser than
•2K
tliiwr cif the niitcridr Hatik wiiliv. The iBwtirior iniirttiii is sfrratnl. Tlir four nciircst thi- liii
iiri- wril |irrsrivci| in the s|Mririirii hIimWii l>y .liicksdii in liKurr I of hi-- m'iomiI plnlf: of thcw oiii
is Miowri ill plHli' V, ticiirc ». As in llw tliiiik miiI.s, it iiiorr iK.sl<rior iKwition liiicl.-< to » ri|ilii(c-
iiicnl of the si rill' l>y pmictiilii'iis, iiml iiii iiiiTi'iisinc arm of smcMilli siirfiicf, in ii \ uriiililr ili'uric it
ililTrrciit siM'cinii'iis. 'I'tir rnliirKra scairs U'twrni llir dorsal fin anil the tail .tr.- similar in sh»iK
aiul oriiaiiinitiilion to those iniinecliately preeedinu the dorsal tin, (jmilnally dei'ieasiiiK in linadtf
and iM'coniiiit! more iHiinled iM'hind, as well as ni<ire iiiiKularly eoiivex Iraiisversely as thej
approach the tail, on the iip|K'r Mo- of wliieh they are eontimied in diiiiinishinK size to its iippe
extremity. An emarciimtion of the overlapped anterior siirfaee, present in the ridne sealei
preenlinit the dorsal Hn. In'eo'nes mole pronoiineed in those JMliind this hii. and espeeially so ii
those on the iipiM'r IoIk' of the eaildal tin. which are V shaped. In these last the overhipiHc
surface is iimch increaseil. ai'tl extends Imck to near the imsterior end of the scale as n smooth
narrow, depressed area in which liie priMcdiiiK scale closely fits. There are three or four cnlHrjscc
iinhricatinK scales in a row iH'twccn the anal fin and the lower lol«' of the tail, and the sain
inimlH'r lx>tween the former and the ])elvie fins. These scales, in ornanientatioii an.l tieiiern
sha|H>. are .similar to those of the ilorsal rid(!e near the dorsal fin. In advance of the ventral fin
eiilarni'd seides are also present, with sculpture like that of the more anterior ilorsal scales, liut, a
already meiitioiiiHl, their exact dis|K>sition has no* Imcii asiertaiiuil, as none of the specimen
seen provides sulficiently definite information in this respect The lateral line scales on the flan
extend in a niw from near the head alnive the mid-hei(jht of the iM.dy liackward toward the ta
midway l»'tween the iipl«r anil lower surface of the caudal pidielc. Kacli of these scales i
pierced by a .small passage whose external o|K'nintr has the form of a minute ciesecniic slit rouii
which the surface of the scah' is .slightly tumid. In most of the specimens these scales at
proiM.rtionatcly hinher than those of the rows imieedialely alnive and below, in none of th
siK'ciinens examined have the minute openinns been tracol as far as the tail.
Ehinrhlhii.- hrowni (.lack.son). from the AIIhtI shales, diff.Ts from any known species of tl
(Semis. Its scale ornamentation resembles in a (jeneral way some of the species so admirabl
descrilH'd and |K)rtrayeil by Dr. Uamsay II. TriKiuair in hi.« mono>;raph on the I'aheonisiidii
in Vols. XXXI and I A' of the raheoiilonraphical Society of bmdon: but ditTcreiices in tl
tleiicral proiH)rtions of the IhmIv, in the pro|K>rtions ami relative size of thr fins, in the exai
style of wulpliire of th.' .seides and (in rays, a« well as in other particulars, mark this AIIm'
shales fish as a distinct species.
The type siM'cimeii of Dawson's /'fi/d.miVi/.- jiirl,simi (fipuri'd by .lack.son in fisure 4 of h
first plate) is not available for study, but, judciii); from Ihi' (inure, and from Dr. .lackson's r
marks on its scale ornament at ioii, it appears to thi- writer probable that it is not ilislinct fro
E. hroinu. A specimen from Mcfiill I'liiversity museum, labelled /'. jiiHsnm. Hillsborout!
No. -itias, now iH'foiT me, has the scale sculpture and the ornameiitHtion of the joints of the f
rays such as are seen in Jackson's type (plate I, fiKiire :.') with wliich it is evidently conspeciti
Anionjj the s|M>cimens from the Naliiial History Society of New Brunswick is the original of tl
olu^ from which the plaster cast mentioned by Sir William Dawson in his '•Acadian (ieolop
was taken, which cast formed part of the material on which /'. judxoiii was ba.seil. Tl
gIMscimen consists of the posterior part of the h.sh, from slightly in advance of the ilorsal t
IwckwArd III tlir I'liil iif llir tail. Tlir iintrrior Imiwl |i<irlinii mily nf the aiiAl fin in |intM>n'i'<l,
Hiiil thr |Hi^itiiiii of tlir iluiviil (in h iinlii'iiiril. lint tlir !)|ii'i'iiiii'ii iH ilnnKKtiil hy iliKtiirtimi, iiiiij
Uitli tiii^ nrr iiKirr iliHtiiiil Iniiii llir tiiil iliiiii llii'V iiiIiitwIh' nmilil Ih'. Tlir ki'iktiiI iiMitniir nf
tlli< .'•iHM'lini'ii JH liilirll till' !<iilii<- 111 that nf ntliiTH In llic riiHt'ctloiiri nf tlir (li'iiln):irnl Sur'> V
Kiiiiilaily ilir'tnrtiil. mill tlir cliaiiii'li'is of tlin Hcalii* are I'lcirly thoHf nf K. hrmiiii, tii wliicli
HIK'cics llir s|Nrlinrii In rifiTrcd.
KiJiMrllTilVH y.i.ijti, Sp. iiov.
I'lati' X, liKf. 1 ti.
A s|j<'i'ii's nf mllirr email size, (iirati'^t ilrptli a liltir Icsx tlinn niii'-foiirlh tlic IniKtli.
Hiwl. with n|M'rriilar B|ipanitiiM, (inr-fniirlli llir tntal Iciiutli. Dorsal fin lartjc, arinirn! very
xliKJitly Ix-hinil thr iiiiil-lcii|{th nf the hsii. anil liiit lilllr in ailvani'r nf ''w anal tin. which in almiil
till' size nf the ilorsal. linth nf ihrsc hiis arc triaivniar, with a hasc i.,Miiit i'i|nal In llii' IctiKlh of
the anterior Imrilcr. Fulcra arc apparently present i>n all th(> HnH. They arc "ceii plainly mi
the (Inrfal anil anal tins. Of the ventral anil pccliiral tinn, a few rays niily are prcserveil, which
wrve a." an imlcx Id the fiiiK' iKixiliim. Ventral lins rather closer to the anal than In the pectoral
tins. The Hn rays are artieulatcil, except the principal ones of the pectoral fins, which arc
entire, at least, proxiinally : they arc finely siriatcil in the ilirection of their lcn(jth, plate X,
(its. •>. The tail is deeply forked. Scales of niodcralc size; alKiiit as deep as liroail on the Hank
anteriorly, where they are ornaiiieiitcd with nine or ten conspicuous, narrow ridges, directiil
Imckwanl and deeply scrrating the |Misterior border. Po.sterior flank scales less highly ornate,
and with few, Imt well marked serrations on the |H)sterior marjjiii. Scales of the caudal liiMly
proloiiKation nearly smoolh. Kiil;"rced scales extend along the dor.sal ridge in a row, in advance
of the dorsal tin, to the head, and liehiiid the .same fin liaekward to the Icrminatioii of the upper
IoIm' of the tail. Siniilarlv enlarged scales occur lielwceii the anal fin and the lower lolic of the
tail, with a few, prolialily three or four, in front of the anal fin. Ilead-lmnes marked hy ir-
regular, short ridges, and tuliereles. Suspensoriuni apparently ol)lii|iie.
The ridges of enamel on the anterior Hank scales, plate X. fig. '2. con,stitutc the mosi con-
spicuous feature of the .scale ornameiitation of this .species. The.si' ridges, nine or ten in iiuiiiImt,
are mainly (h'velo|H'd on the [Histeripr half of the .scale, and have a general ilireelion backward
and slightly downward, more rarely [lointing horizontally backward in the upper portion of the
scale, or even obliiiuely upward near the uppei niaigin. When closely examined, the ridges are
seen to !«■ depressed at regular intervals, and thus have somewhat the appearance of rows of
connected tnlH'reules. In the anterior half of the scale they are represented only by ."> or ti ill-
defined ridges, having the same obliiiue ilirection. A few fine .striic occur near and parallel to
the lower margin. The conspicuous serration of the |Kisteriiir margin is due to the projecting
ends of the enamel ridges. In the posterior flank scales, plate X, fig. '.i. there are only three or
four serriitions in the back margin: the finer striations parallel to the lower margin persist, but
m the upper part of the scale surface two or three oblique striations alone remain. The diamond
shaped ,<eales of the upper caudal loU' arc generally marked by a longitudinal depression in their
otlierwi.'^e plane service.
Th« fnUrit.-.! ri.lKi' "•■a!*-'' arc ru«.»..ly «n.l irrcKulnrly Mri«tr«l l.m)!ilii<lin»ll.v- Th.i.
U.hiii<l th.' .I'ThhI till an- ihf U-M prrwTvnl in the »p.Miiii.'n, ami an- *vi'U to I- t.K>tli.'«l iHhiii.
platr X, H(j. ». IVv havf an fli.nttatitl oval millinr, anil iin.ltrKi. a ni.Hliti<ali<.ii in Klm|»' <i
iIm- iiup'T ">»fK'» "'""■ '"" """'''*'' '" "'"' "'"«•"'■<' '" "»' "I"''''" "' '■'■'"">■'■''""'* '""' "'"';
inir/i%» alrraily .l.wriU^I, ConHpiiiioiix, horixcmlal Hlrialionx i.f linear clrpriwimu. wiiir i
Ihiw miMlitiiMl xcalfn of thi' cauilal ri<l«c, platr a, tin. 'i.
Tho MKwt (liHlindiv.. .haraH.T of Ih.' x|H-cii>M ix the Myl<- of ornanii'ntation of tlic antorii
flank "••al.-x, »lii<h ix .litTcrml from that of any olhrr of ih.' AlUTt xhal.* lixh.'x, aM.I,w. far i
the wriliT is awarr, fmni th»' of any x|M'i irx of th« I'aluH.nixciilii'.
Thi- HiHH'i.'x ix nan»Ml aft.-r Dr. 11. W. Kllx. to whom «.■ arc in.l.-lrtr.l for thi> on.' a.i-l on
HiJK'imi'n known. Thix x|M'(imcn conxtitulix the lyiK- of thr xiiccirx.
Kimirc I, platf XI, g.Wf» a fairly itixxl rppnwntatioii of Ihf ty|ic x|N<inMi: twi.v the natui
lii<>.
EM>NUHTHv»t Ki.KiiANTi MX, Kaxinian.
KUmvhlhiis elegnnlutu-, Kaxti.ian, 1!HW. Ih-vonian Kixh.-xiif Iowa, lowadiol. Siirv., vol. XVI
p. 274 .
Of thix xix'cicx Dr. Kaxtman, in the alxtvi- ri'|x>rt, writcx ax followx;-
" A study of an cxtcivxivo xuitp of inatfrial from the lower Carlxinifcronx of Allx'rt ronm
Npw Bruiixwick, inoludinK th« ori({inalx of Dr. C. T. Jackxon'x figiir.-x and doxcriptionx, xho
that a minutf form, apparrntly .-loxely alli.Kl to the Srottixh K. >trinUitn>, in priwiit m I
horijon and loralitv, wh.-rn it a(Tom|)ani.-x K. fcr.Hrni and thi- xcvcral xix-rirx of Hhadinichit
alrcadv notic'd in th.- prw.KlinK lyiKcx. The new form, for whieh the title E. riegnnlulus ix i
inappnyriate, may tx- readily di.xtin){uixhed by il.« xmall xi2.-, xlen<ler ami uraeeful pn.lx.rtio
and <lr,idedlv prominent, even (oarse details of xeale ornament. The xealex are traver
lontriltidinally bv a numU-r of ehwely erowih-d rais-.l ri.l».'ex, sm<H>th, eoiitinuoiix, glixteni
and the whole presenting an api>eiiranee not distantly reeallints I'ty.-holepix, from n nuieh la
horizon. In aildition. the lateral lin<- ix very eonspieuoux. The head and fin xtrurliirex
not elearly revealed in anv in.lividiial that has thus far .'orTie to littht, but the general rexembhi
to the little fish iimde known by Trnquair from Kxkdale an<l Ka.«t Ij.thian iiecesxitalex itx rel
cnce to the same vieinity."
Thix, the smallest, and, with H. niberli. the m<».t abundantly preserv.'<l of the fishes at
Allx-rt mines, is readily rec-oKniz.-d by its ni(£oxe xeale markings. Its .small size, in eonjiuut
with its gem^allv imix'rfe.'t state of preservation, leads one to susix-et that it may be the yoi
of one of the sixries already known from this locality, ix)ssibly of H. nlh,rli. Of the mi
seores of six-i-imens in our eollectioiix nearly all laek proixT definition of outline, and the h
is, as a rule, very imi«'rfeetly prewrved. Its principal eharaeti rs, however, may Ix- stated
be as follows: In ({eneral outline r.'.seniblin(£ H. tilherii, but much smaller. Ij-njclh averaf
alxmt 4t) mm., or alxiut half the length of H. alberli: considerably shorter than CnniMux modi
mill tidl m> Hliiiit nx llml »|>i'i'ii'». Thr |>ri>|Mii'tiiin of ili'|illi In IciikIIi aUiut an 1 to It). Ik>i>nl
(ill i>|i|iiiHilf iir arif'tuit xliKhlly in uilvttiii'i' nf tlif iiii:il tin. KnlitrKiil, loiiKiluiliiinlly ittrmtiil
»i'nl<-!t iii'i'iir in n row on llic Unk lliroiiKlioiit it^ liiiKtli on to tlic tail, iinil vcntmllv. U'liiml anil
in ailvunrr of llii' anal tin. Tlir liiwl In » arr lontji'iiillnally ami irri'KiilHrly xtrinliHl. Tlif
anirrior tiank walrx liavi' (j''i"'fi>lly <«o or tlircr roiiK|iicnoni»ly, .'liKhtly i)lilii|ui'. lotiKitnilinal
riilKi'H in llii' ti|i|K'r imrtion of iticir iaikmiiI Miirfai'r, with aUxit two li>w '■onH|iiruouK onrn licncath
llii'in, having nioni tin: aii ••aranri' of siriation.H than riilnfr". Tlitw iltrr arr |>arallrl to tlit>
lowi"' M'ali- niarKin ami show a ili4|HMition to iiirvi' npwanl in front |iaralli'l to thr antiTJor
nutr^in. I'oxti'rior margin with fonr or live ih'ciih'd wrrations. Thr im-irrior tIank walrH retain
till' i'onn<i' ornaiiii'iitation, with a nilurtion in thr minilH'r of riilitcs ami HrratioiiH, In tlii'Hr a
fi'W fini' ,«triatioiw can lie ilclrrtiil |iarallrl to tlii' lower niarcin. Tlie lateral line in eon»|>ii-noiiii
ami apiK'arn to the nnaiihil eye im a raixiil line traver»iii(j the leiinlh of the Hank at iniil-hiinht.
The Keiierie iMwition of tlii« sniull form .iiiiM'arc to the writer to U' iirul>li",natieul.
Camihii M Miinri.iM (Dawwoii),
J
Plate XI, tinx. 1 7.
I'lilirimiKcun (Wimlinichlliyx) mtMhilii.i, Dawwiii, 1H77. Caiuuliaii Naturalict, new serien, vol.
VIII, |). Six, lit;s. a (I: ami 1.S7S, .Xnuliun (ieoloity, lird edition, Hiipplenient, p. tW, hgs.
18 a d.
I'nlirimisrux mudiiluK, NewlxTry, l««», I'alieoxoie Kishe.i of North Aineriea, MoiionraphK U. S.
Oeol. Survey, vol. XVI, p. 1.S7.
WmiinifhthjK modulus, Smith WiMKlward, ISOl. Cat. Kiwsil Ki.^heM, Uritir^h Vuwum, Fart II,
p. 41X1.
UhiuHniihtliji« mixMiin, Kastman, HHtS. I)i-vonian Fishes of Iowa, Iowa (iml. Survey, vol.
XVIII, p. 20..', tin. ;«(.
This .s|((K-ii'S wa.s first deserilied l)y Sir William Dawson in 1H7S (Canadian .Naturalist),
from s|MTiiiiens olitaiiiiHl from Heliveau, N.H., and llorton, N.S. Three speeimeiis from the
I'eter Uedpath museum. Montreal, have Iweii exaniineil liy me. These are, the type eollertid
hy Ur. Frank .Vdaius at lli'liveaii. plate XI, tiij. 2, with a less [HTfeetly preserved speeimen on
the .same piece of shale, aim a third specimen, plate XI, liK. :!. from llorton. from which the tinurc
aceompanyiiiK Dawson's (h«cri|>tioii was evidently principally preparinl.
This fish is short ami robust, the mamlilmlar .su.siK-nsorium is apparently nearly vertical,
the head is blunt in front, and a row of eiilartjed ridnc .scah's passis backward from the occiput
to the dorsal tin, and occurs ajiain in advance of the caudal tin. Similarly enlartjcd scales arc
present in a single row alons the iM'ily. These characters su^Kcst its beinu referable to Tra-
• luair's neuu« Cam^'ms rather than to KhmUnicMhys, to which genus it was a-ssigned when first
described.
I
n
Th<- thm- «lii.vi-MM-nli..ii.'<l .|MK-iiiiriii. mi|i|.I.v iIw f..ll.>»iiiK li.f..rtimli<'n r.'HBr.liii|t ll
Till' IWh U »iiu»ll. mIhwI, ill wiiiral Aw\v fni.ifi.rm, nw hiiiK « liiiKtIi "f •''»• """ «'••' " '''I''
j„ tt,|v«i„ f lli.M|or»rtl till of i:. mm. Tli.' l.tmlh ..f \\w hm.!. iiMlii.liiii: if |i.T.nlHrii|.|«ralu
\* « litli.! ir*. Iliiiii •i.-f.Mirlli "f tl..' I..I11I U'liKlli. Tlw -iioiil \n r.i.ii..l.'.l liiid pniinlH Ihnmii
111,. I.m-.T jttw. rii- "rl.il \* l»r«.' .11..I |.l'. I f»r forwiinl. Tli.' I».i..- "f ll.'' 1>'H'1 ""■ ■■ri.«iM.nl.
with w.'ll cloliii.-.!. Hh..rt vcrmiiuliir Mv.v*, iiii.l IuImt.I.-. iIk- fMri.i.r Ihiiik K.n.mllv in ll
.linrtio-i of th.' l.-iiKlli "f tl»' l"'i..v TIk- mmi.lil.iiliir -.ii-.iHUi.orium i» ii.nrlv v.rlinil.riM.I lln
.lilT . from llmt of HhuliuvhlU,,,. whirl. U ..l.li.i.i.'. Th.' ilorwil nml v.i.trHl Im- iir.' I ri.ii.n.ili
uihI ..f fuir Hi«... ih.' form.T «li|{hlly l«ri£.'r II.bii Ih.' iBtl.r. In Ih.^ vnlr»l tin th.^ !««■ 1- lil""
iNuml to Ih.- ant.ri..r hiuI |»«l.'ri..r i..»r«ii.. In ll..' ilorxni lii. ih.. Uw \» |ir..i».rlioiiHl. ly lurK
niut .•x.r.-l- ll..' |».«l«rior h.'iuhl. Ih.' .I.rnuil rhyn hi.' .I.li.uir nn.l «'.'ii. to l.ifiir.nl.' .Ii-ImII
Uwy i»r.' »rn. .iliil.'.l, with th.' .'X.-.^i.tion of Ih.' i.rin.'i|Mii ..ii.'« of th.' |M..l.iral linn. «hi.h .ip|..i
eiiliy »r.' nol Hrli.'.iiut.'.l. iit l.'»M i.r..xiii.ally. Kul.-r» .M-.ur on nil Ih.' tin-. Tl"' "i'«l ''"
...,|»».il.- th.' .lorwil, aii.l th.' v.'iilrttl (Miir \» Miulitly ilowr to th.- iiniil ihiin to Ih.' p.-.lon.l-'. 1 1
.•«.i.l»l tin i-. li.'l.'r.H'..r.-al aii.l .l.'.'|-ly f..rk...l, th.' l.-ly |,ro|onKHlion in th.' ..i.l..r IoIh' tai«r.i
dra.limlly. Th.' wai.'s ur.' rathir .'.mrwly «iil|.tiir.'.l. Th.' .'Xi*....'.! s.irfii..' of iho«' on I
Hank, aiit.'riorlv, plat.' XI. ti« «. i" '•I'Kl'tly liiulnr than l.r-Mt.l, l.nt a litll.' farth.r l«.k th.. h.'iK
anil l>r.'a.lth uri' al-mt .-.nial. Th.ir s.iil|.lmr .-..imiHl* ..f tw.. or thr.'.' .h'li.at.' l.nl .liMm.l ».'
.(.•Hii.-.! ri.lK.- ill th.' low.-r half of th.; ^urfa..'. |«rail.l to Ih.' low.r ii.ar(jin. will. Wm-v to li
Hhorl, i.romin.'t.t rMit.'r. in th.' np|M'r half of tht- n.'al.-; th.'.-.' lal'.T ar.' .iinit.^l ..l.li.|.i.'ly Uu
waril :in.l .lownwant in a xomi'what .liv.TUcnt nmnn.'r, fniiii a nliKhtly raiw.1 Iml ill-.l..tm.Ml ar
.•onlin.'.ltolh.Mi|.|^r.aiil.'rior|H.rtionof th.'W'al.'. Th.'-.' i*h..rt ri.lK.'s.lo not. a» a ml.', iva.h t
piwt.'rior margin, an.l oft-'ii -.top far .-hort of it. Th.' |Kwt.'rior .'.!«.■« of tlw (lank *ynW* an- ...an
ly i.H.thiMl. thr.'.' or fonr U'iiiK th. iiMiial numU'rof th.' .h'nti<ulati..n>'. In \»ix*\u\!. Iw.kw.i
th.' HUrfa.'.' rLlc.'" of tlu- -.'al.'s an' r.'.lii<'.'.l in iminlHT, n* ar.' als., th.' .l.M.liiiilali.m.-. of lh.'^|H
ti^rior nuirKinx, pliitf XI, Wf.. •>, mitil [H.M.'ri.irly, in the Hiimll .liamoiMl- 1„|.: ' - il.- "f I
cau-lal IkhIv prol..nK«li"ii. all trar.. of .■..•ulptiir.' i.. l.^'t an.t th.. surfa.'.' of .'a.h wai.' i- mmmk.!
Knlarn.'.!, iml.ri.alimt scal.'H, plat.' XI. liK. 7. I'Xt.'iul aloiiK tlw m.'.liaii lin.' of ih.' U.k, 11
niriKl.' row, from tin- h.'ad to th.' .•omm.'n.'.'m.'nt ..f Ihf .lorxal tin. an.l from Uhiml thl^' hn
th." caiiilal on.', on whi.'h th.'y ar ilinncl a« larp' fiiU'ra-lik.' m.Hlin<'alion.-'..l.'.r.HMnK in h
iHistcriorly. Th.'ir sciilptur.- .-oiHistM of w.ll-mark.'.l loiiKitii.linal ri.lu.'^ .•onformm):, in
Xi-ni-ral way, to Ih.^ .urvatur.' of th.^ lat.'ral martfin.... ( )n Ih.- v.-nlral Mirla.'.' a row of siinila
.'iilarp'cl an.l ornaim-nt.Hl scales o<i'.iis U-Iwim^h th.' antral and anal tins, and IrlH.'.n th.' lal
and th.' I.a.s<- of th.t .'au.lal, whcTr it Kivs pla.'c t.. small ftil.'ra on thr Iow.t ant.rior mar]
of thr tail. Similarly riilar>!.'.l sral.'s app.'ar to Im" prr.s."nt in advalir.' of th'' vrntral liiis us
forward as Ih.^ iM.toral pair, l.ut th.'y ar.' imiH.rfrrlly sr."!! and iiolhiiiK .l.tinil.' .an Ik- s
r.->.'ar.ling Ihirn. Th.' riilurp'd dorsal srairs an- ovoid in oiitlin.', broadly roun.h.l in fm
an.l slightly narrower iM-hin.l. Th.'y dr.'r,a.s.' in siz.' towanl thr h.'ad, th.' larp'st onrs .K'.-iirr
in advan('.'"ofth.' dorsal tin. 'Hi.' vrntral ri.lK.' sral.'s ni'arist to th.' l.a.s.' of thr tail ar.' |«r
rularly ronspiriious. Of thr Hank sral.'s thr larnrst arr thos.- of Ihr lat.'ral lin.'. Towanl
Imrk an.l Ix'lly th.- Hank si'airs .li-rri-asr in sizr, thosr of Ihr r fonr rows on .'ithrr side of
inrdian .h.rsal row l>rinK d.-ri.l.'.lly siimlh-r, platr XI, tig. -V with a mor.' sloping i«.strrior l».r.
aa
,,n.Uill.".ilv|<r..mi».iit .low..wnr.lly..l.liMii.' rLliP* r..m|»>.i.iit Oir ,..nl|.turi'. Ilif wiil.- ..n
rillMr »i-lr ..r 111.- iti.-liiu. v.'i.lml liliii iirr -iiuilar li. li • .• mimiII oimh in >i>i' iiikI «iil|.Hin'.
r„n,*>i»» »".<-</«. lui. «Ih«iI Ww wii.' Liwlh ■ r.im«i.vt. TrH.|.mir, Uif U i«.l -. .I..|-
111.. «h1.- i.rr .litT.T...illv «ul|.iurr.|, hihI in tl.l» r.»i«.l ll... -i-ti..* i- .liMiti.l fn.m nil "il.ir
.|...,Til»"l .mr- ..f Ihr K.M.U... Thr -|»-. 'i.wi, rrnii. Ilnrl..!., N.M,, i- .liul.tly i-iniill-T Hum ll..' Iy|"-
»|M'ciiiicii fr H«livi«ii, N.H.
MM
Ij'IikIIi i>( I,v|»' «|«TiiiM-ii. |iliil«' XI. Ili|. 2 '"
|V|.lli iti ml* »"<•<• "f 'l"""l "»
l<-inr(li •<! hiwl. ini'liiilinK "(uTiulur a|i|ittralii» '•' _
Klank "•l<'«. <\\'m-,\ ..irfu.r. >rrti.»llv. (mir in a «(««* .rf ' ■^_
Hank «-al«-. ••M"""-'! »'ir'«"'. l"M|tit»'li"»'lv. f'Hir in » »|«<v .il j^'''
UiiUlh ii( •iminiMi fn.ni lliwlon. |>I«Ip XI. "K ' ''
|K-|illi niMlvHv l«.|<wH.n |ii.<liM»l ami anal linn "
Iti-plh in frnni uf .li.r«l tin '• ■_'
IKirwl ri.l(ii. «<1.U.«. in a.l>«n<-r of .l..r«al tin, llinv iti u «|«m. ..f s ■>
9981—5
.'it
BIBLIOOBAFHT.
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(J). 1S.")I. " " Di'sciiptioiis of five now species of Fossil Fishes. Hostoii
Soeiety of Natural History, vol IV, pp. KW HJ.
(.'{). '."V?. K);erton. ."^ir Philip (i. Note on the Fossil Fi.-ih from Albert Mine. (Quarterly
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(18). 1903. Klls. R. W. The Allieit .Shale Deposits of Albert and Westmorland Comities. N.B.
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part I.
Caldwell, W. .Methods of Working the Oil-Shales, part II.
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Scotland.
35
(20). 1908. Kastinan, C'hnrlcs U. Dcvoiiiiui Fishes of lowii, etc Ii>"a (ioologiial Smvoy,
vol. XVIII
vol. .V> 111.
(■21). 1909. Klls, R. W. Bituiiiimms Shales of Nova Scotia and -Now Hruiiswick; with notes
on the Geolo<;y of tht; Oil-Sliales of Seotlaiul. Suniniary Hepoit of tlie (leolo-
gieal Survey Hraiich T >'ne Departiiieiit of Mines for tlie year 1'.«1S, p. i:{2.
(22). 1909. Lambe, Lawrence M .Ml: •■ t Sl.ai.- Kish Fauna. Ibitl, p. 17t).
iif Perm-
38
PLATE I.
Htfyroduced jrom a phnlngraph «/ Dr. Jm-kKon^ urvrimil I'Uilt I, iUuslrntxmj the deKcril>lim
joKsil /i.v/ies in hii " Wf/wrt on the Alherl Mine, ele.," IS.U.
FiR. 1. l'(ih,mur„.s niherii, JH.kson. Tyi* of the species. The oripnal is in the Mtis
of C".)in|)8rative Z«H>loKy, Ciiiiibridge, No. llHiO. It shows the left side, is in
feet anteriorly, anil laeks the pectoral and ventral fins.
Fig
•' I'al.rnnUeus brou-ni, Ja.'kson. TypT of the sr>eci.>s. Original in the Miiseu
Comparative Zoolog>-, Cambridge, No. I'Mil. A well preserved specunen,
gentiiig the left side. The head, the lower siirfaei in advance ( f the ana
and the extremity of the tail arc missing.
Fig 3 I-nhToni^ruH mrrn.n, Jackson. Type of the species. Original in the Museu
Comparative Zoologv, Cambridge. N<,. \m\. The entire length of the
right side. Pectoral and ventral fins showing, in part, dorsal and ana
better preserved.
Fig 4. Relerre." to by Dr. Jackson as PahrnnUcus sp. Tyiw of P. jnrkKoni, \M\
The h. ' [lortion of a large fish, right side, from the neighlifnirhood of the (
fin backward including the tail. This specimen is apparently lost.
Fig 5 SiK'cimeii in the Mus(.um of Comparative Zoology, Camliridge. eonsisiing of tl
terior half of the fish, right side. No. 1957. No fins i.reserved. Not
tioned in Jackson's report.
Figs. A, B, and C. Represent separatt^ scales, of the natural size, and also enlarged i
four times. These particular scales are not mentioned by Jackson, am
specimens themselves have not been found.
GEOLOGICAL SUf'Vf-v CANADA
PLATE
deycrii>titms of
in the Museum
side, is imiHT-
ihe Museum of
specimen, pre-
( f the anal fin,
he Museum of
ih of the fish,
I and anal fi'is
k.ioni, Hanson,
lodof the dorsal
St.
isiing of the an-
ed. Not ineii-
enlarged al)OUt
ick.son, and th(?
-•t CO tOVtOh
Mir
"'1
41
I'l.ATi; II.
Hi'iiriKliiced jrnm n /lAo/iii/ni/i/i »/ Dr. .Iii(l:.-iin's uriiiiiiiil I'hile II, illiiflriiliini llii- lUfirijilims n,
jiisi.il jishi's ill his "UiiHirl nii //«• Mliirl Mini , ilr.," IS'il.
Kit!- '• li' '•''' rcfrri'iicp tn this fiH'ciini'ii .Iiickson cxiiri'sscs the iipiiiion tliii( il "iippciir
ti) Ih> of till' «nni' siici'ics, (ir very iiriir llic spciirs" icprociilnl in plalc I
{\)i\irr IV. Il (Miiisistr' of tlic Irfl .lidr iif thr li.-li from ii lilllc in iiilvancc of llu
(lorsiil ami vnitrul fins liiickward to inclmlc tlir anal tin. Tlii' oiijiitial ImIoii^:
to the Huston Society of Natural History, .No. TIMIJ,
Kis. '-. - ''>"■ Rffrrrcd to by Jackson a.s ii .-iinall .^prcics of I'ahi'OMisiMis, Thr orijiinal o
li(;\ir<' '2 U in the .Museum of Comparative Zoology, ('aml)riclne. No. lit.V.i
Kicure 'J liis show." the imprint of the .sime, Tlu' tish has lieen llatteneil verti
rally and presents a dorso-lateral view. The left pectoral, and uiial tins are pre
served.
Fig. ;l. Dr. .lackson expresses the opinion that the onjjinal of this tiKUre lieloii);s to tli
saiMi' species as the lish represented in tinure J. :.' his. The specimen is the pri
|H'rtvot the Muscinn of Comparative ZiK)lo);y, Canibriilp', No. I'.l.'iS, and is als
flatti'Ued so as to show the back.
Fig. 4. .Vlthough figured, this specimen is not nientione<l in Jackson's (h.scriptions. li
whereabouts is not known. The tigure shows the [H)sterior half of a hsh, le
lateral aspect.
Fig. ."). Not mentioned by Jackson, The original is in the museum of the Hoston ,<ocici
of Natural History. No. TS'.IS. It .dso consists of the hinder half of a hsh, ,e
side. The dor.sil. anal, and caudal t'n.s are well preserved.
Fig. ti. Wrongly referreil to in Jackson's description (p. L' J) as (iguii' S. The specimen
apparently lost. The full length of the lish was preserved.
Fig. 7, Lower jaw of a I'aheoniscus, the property of the Museum of Comparative Zn
logy, Cambridge. No. Ht.'C
I'latc II, figure S. This specimen, not referied to in Jackson's report, is in the possession
till! Hoston Society of Na.ural History, .No. 7.S!»,S,\. Slighliy more than hi
the tish is seen, from alioiit the position of the ventral hns to the extremily
the tail. The dorsal and anal fins are shown.
"'«*>' - J w
'••( I.. •otto-
44
n.vii; III
Kin. I. Illiniliiiirlilliii^ tilhirii l.liick^nii i, n-lnrTij uiitlliic: t«iiT tlir rialunil y\/.,\ I'm
Kit;. J. Uhiiiliiiiihlhii^ iiIIhiH. ail avcTiit;,. >\/.ii\ »| jnirii in wliicji ih,. ,|i,v-al, am
cauilal tiiiri arc wc^ll |iiv-iivri|; rf|irn,|(i(|.(| I'loin a |iliiit.,);ia|ili. Nalma
Kit!, .'t. h'I'iiiliniclitliiis iilliirli. a H'niiul >|iri'iiiirii. ^Iiciwinn ilir )pii~ili<iii and .-izc i\\ t
ami |ii'ctiiral ami anal tiii-i; Irom a |iliiii.iyra|ili. Nalnial .-izi'.
Kit'. I. Hl'i'iliiiirlillii/' iillifti. aiiti riiir Hank -calr- I'lmii llic ly|ir nf l{. ruini.-i. I'iKli
llir iialii:al -\/.i\
¥"\ti. .'i. Hliitdiiicldlnjs •ilinrli. aiitn-inr tlaiik -caic* I'miM tlir nri::iiial cif licurr .'I, pi
!>iliiilaily riilainnl.
V\)l. li. I{hihlini''hlhii-- iilhirli, clnrsal riilt'i' -I'ali'". aUiiil iiiiiluay in llic ~i iii'« in ailvi
till- (l(ii--al tin. In^ni llic nri^iinal n|' ti):iii. ': iilalrll: »l>o fnlar^icd riKlil
III IM- I'liil'. nJi'l III ll iMlliiniiii:. III! Hn' liunri -. i.lli.T ll.ii
i1r;t\t ililf- lllll'ti' I'V tlif lllltliiil
ri| I'iM.l In.iii j.l.nlMyra|.ii.
K-v '•^^js;
GCOL'-X.iCAi <,UWV(T ' ANAIJA
("LATI Mi
-i/.'. I'ai:.- Is.
ilnr^iil, iiiiiil. aii<l
. Naliiiiil >i/r.
ll >iZ(' 111' till' r\r.
irii.-i. iikIiI (iiijo
icurc .'1. phitc II :
11'^ III iiilvaiii'i' lit
ll'^i'il ri«lll tillM>,
l..,l,,i.n,|,l,.. ,,r.. fr
mil
ta*
\
tU^f
f 1 /; /
t'^l
HI.
-^v..
^ku
il'lll
Hh<
m
..V ;.>^^'B£. ', sit
47
PLATE IV.
Fin. 1. Elnnichthu^ broumi (JackMin), photographic reproduction of the type of
species, figured by Jackson in his first plate. In this lH>autifully presei
specimen the rays of the dorsal and anal fins, as well as the onmnientatio
the scales, arc particularly well shown. Natural size. Page 22.
Fig. 2. Elonichthys hrowni, the dorsal fin of the above, reproduced from a photogri
twice the natural size.
Fig. 3. FAonichthys hroumi, photographic reproduction of the original of Jackson's fij
1, plate II. This specimen is of special interest as in it the i)osterior fou
the enlarged ridge scales in advance of the dorsal fin are preserved, as well as
left ventral fin. Natural size
Fig. 4. Elimichlhi/s hrmrni. the original of Jackson's figure .">, plate I, with the ornamei
tion of tlic scales in go<Hl condition; from a photograph. Natural size.
if
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, CANADA
PLATE IV
type of the
'ully preserved
mnientation of
i photograph ;
M'kson's figure
sterior four of
, as well as the
he ornainenta-
I size.
M«l«tvn CO.. HMfQfi
I
1
I
i il i
r i I '
• I
I
m
PLATK V.
Fin. !• Klnnichlhy.1 bnmtii (Jacknon), ri'storalioii in which the orimiiiciitation <if the scaii'S,
etc., is omitted. Natural size Page 24.
Fig. 2. Elonichthtix hroivni, flank scales, from two rows next aUive thi! lateral line, mid-
way l)etween the head antl the dorsal fin, in the type si)oeinien; six times the
natural size.
Fig. 3. Ehnichlhyn hroiimi, flank scales next alwive those of the lateral line, beneath the
front end of the dorsal fin in the typ'j specimen: six times the natural size.
Fig. 4. Etonichlhyn hroirni, ridge scale, second in advance cf the dorsal fin, in specimen
No. 79()2, the original of figure 1, plate II; four times the imtural size.
Fig. ."). EUmiihthiis bnnnii, rays and fulcra of the dorsal fin of the type siM-cimen, from the
ui)per part of the proximal half of the fin; .six times the natural size.
At II a fulcrum is showii directly supiKirted by, and forming the distal end of
on(^ of the "ays.
Fig. (i. Ehmirhlhys hrowiii. rays from close to the middle of the l)a.se of the dorsal fin of the
type s|M'cimen; six times the natural size.
«■■■■■
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. CANADA
PLATE V,
L.V.LAWeE, U«It.
>lt|tOT>N CO.. MMTOM.
! W
V,4,
-I •
<v. ^^
as
PUTIO VI.
V\g. 1 . Kloniclilhyn browni. a specimen, collectwl l)y the writer in 1008, in wliieh the oixe
and |imition of the ilorsal, oatulal. and anal film, as well as the Keneral eon-
tour of the fish, are well shown; from a photograph. Natural ciie. I^ieality
Frederick brook, Alljcrt mines. Page 20.
GEOLOGICAL S'JRVEV CANADA
PLATE VI
K|,iO"*t CO. •o«»t>*
J
i4L
a&
Pl.ATK VII.
9981-
o(>
PLATK VII.
Vin. 1. Klimii-litliii." hniinii. a s|M'i'iiiicii sliowiri); all the fins, uiid the ciilaiiicd scales in
ailvaiicc (if and lichiiid Ihc di)isal and anal fins: from a pliotonraph. Natural sizr.
( )l)tain.vl l,y .lainrs HolHTlson, in l!M(7, fnitn an <'xiK)snri> on Krnlcrick hriiok, AIIktI
mines.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. CANADA
PLATE VII
80
PLATK VIII.
Vi)i. 1. Elimiclilhjs brmvni, a l»rj!C .s|>cciiiieii rcprixluccil here priiicipally for Ihe sake of
the |)Cftoral tin and the tail, which arc well shown; fnini a photograph. Natural
size. Frwlcrii-k brook, Allxirt mines, collection of 1907, James Robertson. Page 20.
'Jmtm
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CANADA
PLATE VIII
i.»| St Vit-ft
01
PL^VTE TX.
w
lA- li
I'LATK IX.
Fig. 1. KImichthyx broutii, photographic reproduction of a siH-ciinen, of large sixo, to show
the dorsal ridge scales and the jKwition of the dorsal and anal fins. Natural size.
Frederick brook, Albert mines, collection of 1908, Lawrence M. Lanibe.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. CANAD*
PLATE IX
..A!^J^^k3^k*dJH
I-
M
I'LATE X.
-jrtyjS"
ttS
:*'
PU\TK X.
F,g J. Klonichtkys rlM, a-.trrior flank ht.!... .iKht tinK* th.- natural »!«..
r„ 3 «,«irA(*v, .//.M-. ,«..t..rior flank .^W. fmn. nliKhtly aU.v.. th. n.i.l-lu.Wu »f the
r«. 4. Hl„nieH,ky, W/m. .h.- -.-.ml <»•« of, a.Hl .hini .l..n*l rUlK- ncak. fn.n. U-himl .h.
iliin«l fin; Hiinilarly «-nlar(£c«l,
... ...I. /;-• il.- «.vi.i.th .'iKhth anil ninth .lornal ri.liti- wai.-H, fn.ni In-hina
*^«' •'" '"t'l^^tX::^^^^^ Th..Hf.h.., ,h....«.ak. i..h.. «...,f the.
Lri.. oT'h.. i.Kly pr„l..nKa.ion of th.- .au-lal Hn. Six .nm. .h.- .m.ural .«.■.
F.g. «. Won.VW'.V" WW, hn ray- fron. th.- a rior ,,art -f .h- .l-.rnal tin n.^r i.- \^-. -ix
time- thf natural »iw.
GtOLOGItAl SURVt* (ANADA
f>LATt «
f
r
L.y.cAWHE. L«lt
Hti«TT*i CO., iMn*
67
PLATE XT.
yosi— 8
^ ■ s '^' tf 'y T*'^' ^ ^' -
Fig.
Ki^^
Fin.
Kin.
Fig,
Fig
PLATE XI.
1. Cnnnbius mmMu.^ fDawson), rrstorcl <.utlin<- with the striation ami serration of
thcsral.'s left out: twiw th<' natural size. Page -ii-
■> nmMu.-- ,mMu», tvpr si«.,inM.n, twi.r ihv natural sizr. (ron. a photograph. In
thi« spr.M..H.n. ol,t"ain.-.l by Frank 1). A.lan.s. at Hrlivau. N.B.. thr orh.t .s ,on-
spi.-u.MK th.> tail is v.TV .li.-.tinrt, an.l th.- H.'ale ornan.Hitati.m throughout wHl
shown. I.ut thf ilorsal ri.'lg.- scal.-s arr not in vinv. Twi.-.. the natural sizr.
;{ CmMu. ,„Mu.. u spr.inirn from Horton, N.S., showing th.- ninnlH-r and .h»i*
,.f th.' dorsal riilgr sral.'s; from a photograph. I'wk.- th.- natural size.
4 ,;,„Mus ,,.Kiulu.<. anterior Hank seales. fron. the two rows U-neath the lateral Une
seal.s. in the typ.' spe.imen from IVliveau. N.H.: twelve times the natural size.
.-,. CmxMus ,n,HM„.. anterior .lorsal seales, next to the eiilarginl oii« of the Uorsal
ridge, from the tyi)e: twelve times th.' natural size.
,i. CnnMus m,Hiulu>. ]n^lvrMT Hank scales, beneath those of the lateral line, in the
type siMvimen: enlarged twelve times.
7 r„«,V,.H.v „„Hluh.s. .lorsal ri.ig.' s.^al.'s. alx.ut half-way Ix'twe.-n the hea<l and the
dorsal hn. in tin' siM.<'im.'n from Horton, N.S. Similarly enlarg."d.
PLAte ^>
OtOLOOCAUSU.VfV -
rftNAD*
\
-<
/ '
l'
^
' Hk
•iiii-'S
'/^
Ill llltf I
jr<i^<r=3a« ;_.;\;: