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MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TESV CHART
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART N^ 2)
^ APPLIED l^/HGE
!65J Ecist Main street
RochesuT. ►:;* York 14609 USA
(716) 482- 0300 -Phone
(716) 2B8 - 5989 - Fa,
PART M. ANNUAL REPORT, Vol. III. 1887.
GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CANADA
^J-''^^''-^ ^^. ^'- -^IXWYX, C.M.(.., LL.D., F.RS., JJiaKcmu.
REPORT
ov
KXPLORATIONS AND .sri;\ K^.s
IS" I'up.TIOSs (If
NOliTFTRI.^X \K\V lUn'XSWK'K,
AND MUACKNT AllKAS IS
gUKHKU, AM) l.\ maim;. I
BY
L. W. liAILKY, M.A., Ph.D.. IM.'.s.C.
.\NI>
WM. MclNNKS, J5.A.. F.G.S.A.
I'VllUmED BY AUTIIOHITV (»1 l'.\l;l,l.\.MENT.
3!ontt;eal :
>Ai'It>L,IAM KOSTKK BROWN A CO
1889.
Price Twenty-five Cents
Part M, Annual Report, 1887.
SHEET No. 17, N. E. NEW BRUNSWICK.
?M'"^'^
m
(<iiiilni\ii,il auil :\,Uur,il l!n.jtiiin Snniqi
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GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CANADA.
ALFJIKJJ J{. C. SJKLWV-N, C.M.li., LL.U, IMJ.S., Dmikctuii.
REPORT
UN
KXI'LOIfATlONS AND SIUVKYS
IS l'<)UTI(iS> <)|.'
NOirniEKN NEW lUarNsW'ICK.
AND AIWACKNT AKK AS 1.;
(,)UKHi:C, AM) L\ M.\I\K. U.S.
L. ^y. BAILHV. M.A., Ph.D., IMf.S.C,
ANI)
WM. McINNES, B.A.. F.G.S.A.
rrrsLisiiED by aut'iokity ok parliament.
MONTREAL :
WILLIAM FOSTER BROWN & CO.
1888.
P'
ill
r(
ir
ni
in
w
of
El
an
of
AVI
CO
Alfred E. C. Selwyn, C.U.G., Y.RS-., LL.D., &c.,
Director of the Geological and Natural Hutory Sunen of Canada.
Sir— The following report is based upon observations made hy the
authors, with the assistance of J. W. Bailey and W. II. T. Reed, durin"-
portions of the summers of 1886 and 1887,'in Northern New Brunswick
iind adjacent areas of Maine and Quebec.
It also embraces a summary of tl)o facts, ascertained from a general
review of the entire Silurian system in this section of the Dominion
including its extent, its order of succession, and its relations to the for-
mations which lie below and above it.
The map intended to accompany the present report, and repreacnt-
ing the geology of portions of Maduwaska county, New Brunswick
and Tomiscouata county, Quebec, is • 'he hands of the engraver, and
will be issued when completed. It is ..neet No. IT N.E. of the series
of maps on a scale of four miles to an inch, and, as regards New
Brunswick, is the last but one of the scries.
A tabulated list of the fossils of the region is given in the form of
an Appendix by H. M. Ami, by whom the lists of fossils in the body
of the leport have also been prepared.
The thanks of the authors are duo to the Managorof theXew Bruns-
Avick Railway for the continuation of courtesies extended since the
commencement of the survey.
Respectfully yours,
Fkedericton, N.B., February, 188!»
L. W. BAILEY.
W3I. McINNES.
REPORT
OP
EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS
IN rORTIONB OF
N O R '1^ 1 1 E li Ts X E AV 13 E U X S \Y 1 ( ' Iv .
AND AD.MCENT ARKAS IN
QUEBEC, AM) IX MAIXE, U.S.
The areas to be deacribed in tl'O present report Ho to the west and Region
north-west of that described in last year's report, and correspond to*^®'"'^"'"
portions of two sheets of the New Brunswick and Quebec series of
geological maps. In the one of these sheets (No. 17 N.E.) the district
represented is limited to that small portion of New Brunswick which
is included between St. John Eiver ancl the Quebec boundary, while
that of the second (No. 18 S.E.) lies immediately north of and is con-
tinuous with the latter, embracing, in addition to a very small part of
New Brunswick, a considerable portion of the county of Temiscouata,
in the province of Quebec,
Owing, however, to the very peculiar ))Osition and relations of the
geographical and ])olitical boundaries in this region, which gives to
that portion of New Brunswick embraced by it, the form of a long,
narrow wedge, enclosed between Quebec on the one side and the state
of Maine on the other, and having for a considerable distance a width
of fifteen or twenty miles, a stuily of the geological features has neces-
sarily includeii an examination of the adjacent areas. In the case of ^^1^^^^^ ^^^^
the state of Maine, this has been found especially serviceable, as in M„fno''°° *°^
•connection with the numerous streams and lakes which, in the county
of Aroostook, are tributary to the St. John, ample and unusual facili-
ties are afforded for the study of the rock formations there mot with,
jvnd which in their north-eastward extension enter and traverse New
Brunswick, On the other hand, the character and relations of the
Silurian rocks about the northern boundary of New Brunswick
cannot well be understood apart from their representation in the adja-
<] M
NORTHERN NEW BKUNSWICK.
Comrnrison
withotliiT
rcKions.
Topograpliic'il
features.
and its
tributarie?.
cent porttons of Quebec, unci nio,-e partifulafly us revetilo.l in the sec
t.ons made respectively by the Metapciia River and Lake Temiscon-
ata w.tli the intervening streams. For these reasons, and with a view
to br.n^nn^. logether. fur comparison. . all the available data re-
luting to the succession and relations of the Silurit.n system in this
section of the continent, the observations to be given have been e.xten.U
ed considerably beyond the limits ^of the two map sheets to which
reterence has been made. Fur ^.similar reasons, little t.ccount is taken
in the following descriptions of cither the interprovincial or interna-
f";"a bottndaries by which the ;.region is traversed. The goolo,.y of
only thusc purtioiLS, however, which arc included within the "crri-
toml Itmtts of Canadtt is represented in the accompanying maps
The topographical fet.tures of the region under consideration are
deserving of brief notice, not only as being in themselves somewhat
lemarkab e. but alsu as bearing on the adaptability of the country fur
settlement, and as helping to elucidtite its geological structure
St..Jo„u River ^ost noticeable, p.obably, among these, features is that connected
with the position and course of the 8t. John Riverand its tributaries
In no portion of its extensive draint.ge area dues this river receive so
mtmyand such imp .rtant afHuents as here. Flowing north-eastorlv
^■^m Its source in Baker Lt.ke. situated net.r the western frontier of
Alamo, and tit a distance, measured along the sti^cam. uf 4(50 miles from
Its mouth. It first reaches New Bru.iswick at the mouth of the St
I-rancis. and thc.ice forms the internationtd boundarv to u point a few
miles above the Cxrand Falls. Above the St. Francis, which also forms
apartof thosame boundary, and is a cu.isidcrablc stream, drainin-.
some important lakes, the main river has already received upon iCs
?!f.Kr w ""t":''^ 'f' T'"'" "^^''' ^'^ '''^'''^' ""^' '^' ^''''^' JJIack rivers,
Kivers. both sufhcienlly large to be navigable by canoes, while from the
sou hern sme it is similarly joined by the still more considerable stream
of the AIleguaslK This latter takes its rise in a very remarkable system
of mkes, of which the most .outherly (Lake Chamberlain) approaches
so nearly the head waters of 'he Pcnol,seut, ttnd is so nearly on a level
with ,t, that by the erection of dams, much of the water, at one time
tributary to the St. John, has been diverted, for lumbering purposes
into the first-named stream. Below the mouth of th. 8t Francis the
pi-incipal tribtitaries of the St. John upon the northern side are the
Madtiwaska tmd the Green Kiver, to which may be added the Iroquois,
he Quisibis, the Siegas and the Grand rivers, of less importance than
the streams first named, but still large enough to be navigable by
canoes. Lven the Aroostook may properly be included hero, for it
drtuns the same Silurian basin, and ht.s its origin in lakes but little
removed from those in which Fish River, the Alleguash and the Penob-
St. Francis
River.
AUcpuasli
River.
Tributaries
below the
St. Francis.
Aroostook
Kiver.
1
e
A
S
S
k
:i
i
\
t
t
n
i
T
BAIltV i MCINNES.^
(JENEHAI, lEATI RES.
7 M
eveiilcd in the sec-
1(1 Liiko Temiscou-
ns, and with a view
available data re-
■ian system in this
1 have been extend-
p sheets to which
account is talvcii
ivincial or intcrna-
. The geology of
within the teri-i-
lanying maps,
consideration are
mselvcs somewhat
'f the country for
structure.
is that connected
md its tributaries.
is river receive so
ing north-easterlj-
estorn frontier of
of 4(^0 miles from
mouth of the St.
*■ to a point a few
which also forms
> sti'cam, draining
I'cceivod upon it^s
ittle IMack rivers,
. while from the
nsiderable stream
cmarkable system
rlain) approaches
' nearly on a level
vatcr. at one time
ibering purposes,
' J St. Francis, the
Ihern side are the
Ided the Iroquois,
importance than
» bo navigable by
udcd here, for it
1 lakes but little
■*hand the Penob-
scot have their origin. This close approximation of considerable Fisli and Rnme
streams, flowing in diverse directions and often for great distances, is
a very peculiar feature of the region, and, taken in connection with
the comparatively unsettled character of the country which the\- drain,
the beauty of the scener}', and the abundance ol' fish und game, has
made the wliole region famous among tourists ami spoitsmen.
The lakes of the region, already incidentally referred to, arc as Lakes uf the
<able as the number and variety of its streams. In Aroostook
county. Maine, they are exceedingly numerous, and of all shapes and
sizes, but often so situated as to indicate that they are but isolated por-
tions of what were once continuous and much more considerable basins.
Of these, the most important, in relation to the present re])ort, are
tho.se which form the sources of lush River, and which, in the form of Fish River
a chain, embracing Long Lake, Second or Mud Lake, Cross Lake, ^''''^'"''
Square or Sedgewick Lake, Eagle Lake and Xadeau ni- Upper Lake,
occupy a trough roughly parallel with the St. .lohn This trough in
its eastern extremity (in Long Lake) is not over seven miles
distant from the St. ,lohn. In Quebec, the lakes are less
numerous, but among them is Lake Temiscouata, the most consider-
able of all as regards both extent and depth. This remarkable and j^^^^
very bcautifu! sheet of water has a total length of twenty-four niiles, '^'*'""*''""'^'''-
with a breadth varying from one to two miles, its general form, as
accurately surveyed by the Geological Survey, being that of the
letter L, with the longer or southern arm somewhat irregularly sig-
moid. This longer limb, taken as a whole, lias a course almost exactly
X.W. and S.E., corresponding on the one side witli that of the Mada-
waska and a considerable portion of the St. John, while on the other,
an extension of the same line will be found to coincide with that occu-
pied, at a tlistancc of about forty-six miles, iiy the deep gorge of the
Saguenay. The depth of Lake Temiscouata is itself somewhat remark-
able, though less so than has been sometimes represented, accurate and
systematic soundings made over its different jiortions showing that it
varies but little from 220 feet.-
As would naturally be expected, the hydrographic features of the Peculiar
district just described are intimately connected with, and in part '^'""■'"''*'"
dependant upon, its orogra))hic features. There are, however, in these '.
relations, many points which are somewhat peculiar, and cannot be
readily accounted for, except by reference to the former existence
here of conditions and the occurrence of operations somewhat different
from those which now prevail.
•In a note contributed by one of tlio aulliors to Science (Vol. VIII., No, 196) it ia stated
that the depth of the lake is, in snme pans, ever o\iO feet. The etateuient was tlie result of a
return submitted by a person in our employ who was engaged to make the souiidinRs, who had
already mjide several in our company, and in whom we had every reason to place confidence.
Sub.«c(]uent examinations, however, revealed, to our great surprise and disappointment, that the
work thus done, if done at all.waT entirely iintrustwurthy.
■Sm
NORTHEKN NEW BRUNSWICK.
Canoo-slmpcil
ridges .
Green River
Moiintitin,
Madnwn.akti
and St. John
valleys.
Olncial origin
of viiUeys.
Over tho larger part of the area to which this report relates the
country is hilly, though there are few elevations of any considerable
ultitude. In general, the eminences are in long, canoe-shaped ridges
with easily-rtowing outlines, but these are sometimes replaced by ser-
rated crests, 01-, in the case of transverse river valleys, by bold escarp,
ments. In the southern part of the tract, Green River Mountain, not
far from the mouth of Green River, rises somewhat abruptly from a
comparatively low country, and constitutes a very prominent object in
the hind.scape. There are al.so other noticeable hills along tho middle
and upper courses of the same stream, but it is not until we approach
Edmundston that tho country begins to acquire a really rugged aspect
It IS here that tho St. John is joined by its main tributary the Mada-
waska, and along both .streams, the valleys which they occupy are
bordered by a continuous succession of high rolling hills. In the case
of the St. John, however, these, except within a few miles of Edmu.id.s-
ton. run parallel to the stream, or cross it at very small angles (then
usually determining the existence of rapids), while in the case of tho
Madawaslca, its course is almost directly transverse to that of the hill
ranges which border it, and which accordingly abut against it in bold
and often craggy heights. Again, in the case of the St. John, the
larger part of the valley is occupied by the stream itself and its imme-
diate flood grounds, only rarely expanding to include any considerable
extent of flat land ; but on the Madawaska, the stream, in its present
state, occupies but a very small proportion of the entire valley being
rarely more than 200 feet wide, while the valley, which is nearly
everywhere flat, is seldom less than a mile in width. The great trans-
verse trough which is thus indicated is, at its northern end, continu-
ous with that of Lake Temiscouata, but here the whole valley is again
occupied by the hills upon either side rising abruptly from the lake
as they also sink with almost equal abruptness to groat depths below
Its surface. In the case of Mt. Wissick or the Big Mountain nearly
opposite old Fort Ingalls, they rise almost precipitous! v to a height of
550 feet, while -.t a distance of not over 100 feet from^the base of the
bluff, the depth of water is over 200 feet.
From the features above described, as well as from others, such as the
direction of glacial striic, and the nature of the material occupying
different portions of the Temiscouata-Madawaska valley, it would seem
as though tho latter were a groat trough of sub-terial glacial erosion
having throughout, at one time, a depth at least equal to that of the
existing lake, but which, with the retreat and melting of the ice
eventually became to a large extent filled up.
The nearly uniform and flat contour of the lake bottom, its very
gradual or progressive shallowing at the sou1*orn extremity, and the
•0«llEV i MclNNES.]
GENERAL FEATURES.
ft M
report relates, the
)f any considerable
moo-8hapo(i ridges,
108 replaced by ser-
yK, by hold escarj)-
liver Mountain, not
at abruptly from a
)rominent object in
8 along the middle
until wo approach
allyrui^'ged aspect,
ibutary, the Mada-
h tiiey occupy are
hills. In the case
miles of Mdmu;ids-
iinall angles (then
in the case of the
to that of the hill
against it in bold
the St. John, the
self and its imme-
! any considerable
un, in its present
itiro valley, being
, which is nearly
The great trans-
Jrn entl, continu-
)le valley is again
y from the lake,
reat depths below
Mountain, nearly
isly to a height of
m the base of the
)tlier8, such as the
itcrial occupying
^y, it would seem
al glacial erosion,
[ual to that of the
citing of the ice
bottom, its very
ctremity, and the
extensive dej'osits of clay which occupy portions of the valley of the
Madawaska, are all in accordanc'c with the view here advocateil. It Mf. WiMiok.
may be added, as bearing further upon the same theory, that while
Mt. Wissick, abutting, as stated, directly upon the lake, with a height
of over 500 feet, is but a part of a ridge which, in an easterly direction,
is traceable with equal prominence for a distance often miles or more.
(in the opposite or western side of the lake, though only a mile distant,
no such corresponding i: !ge is to be met with, nor any trace of the
rocks of the mountain, except such as form its basal beds. Finally, it
may be mentioned that large boulders, tilleil with fossil corals similar
to those of the limestones of Mt. Wissick. have been observed far down '^''"''■"
the valley of the St. .1ohn, though no beds of similar character are
known to occur anywhere in the interval.
The evidences of glaciation about the shores of the lake are abund-iilaointijo.
ant and varieil, the surfaces of the slaty rocks which dip into the latter
being everywhere smoothed, rounded, furrowed or sti'iated. Some of
the effects ai'e doubtless attributable to the mere pressure of the lake
ice, but others are far beyond its reach, and must have been produced
by an ice-stream or glacier, filling the valley to a much greater depth,
and which at the same lime ploughed deeply into its bottom. To the
action of such an ice-stream or glacier, the origin of the valley is largely
to be ascribed. The course of the striiX) above the limits of recent ice
action varies from S. 4.")°E. to S, 60" E., the former corresponding with
the axis of the lake itself, south of its principal bend. The upper part
of the lake, which is very much shallower, corresponds in direction
to that of the bills and rock formations which border it ; but hero
another very .peculiar feature presents itself in the i'lict that the move-
ment of the ice, as indicated by the position of the travelled boulders,
was to the north and north-east, rather than to the .south. Thus above
Mt. Wissick, which occupies the angle between the two main limbs of
the lake basin, the shores of the latter are strewed with blocks of all
.sizes, some of them si.\. oi- eight feet in diameter, which are simply
detached masses from the fossiliferous rocks of the mountain, and
which must have been transported several miles from their parent bod.
This is in accordance with similar facts noticed by the authors on Lake
Metapcdia, and by Mr. E. Chalmers in other parts of the Gasp^ Penin-
sula.
Of other facts connected with the Post Tertiary history of the Temis- I'araHeHsm
couata region, it is worth noticing that the other lakes of the district "
do but repeat, though upon a somewhat smaller scale, the features of
Temiscouata itself. Thus the chain of the Squatook Lakes upon one
side and that of Cabano on the other, both tributary to Lake Temis-
couata, and almost exaotly parallel to it, like it are situated nearly at
of iitke biujini!.
Kiimc?
Characior
i>f toUf.
Formations .
10 M
NORTHERN NEW lUlUNSWrcK.
n<!;ht an^rlcs ,„. obiuiuely to the rock formations and tuv olcxcoptional
depth. Tho Haino north-wost and soiitli-ea«t Irendsi ai-o ropoatod in the
valley of Bilker Lake and Hi-ook, in Ihat of the St. Franois I{ivor
ineliidinf,' Boundary and (ila/.ier Lakes, still further west in tho eourse
of the Bii,^ and Little Black rivoi's, and eastward of Temiscouata in
the tril)iitaries of (he Green Elver and tho Eesti<rouche.
The last feature which wo shall notice in this connection is that of
the ..ccurrenco of kames or horso^backs over some portions (»f the
region.^ Of these, one of the most noticeable is tj) ho seen in tho vieinity
of old Fort In-alls, .-.nd for a short distance constitutes the foundation
of the thon.ii-hfare leadin.i,^ to the latter. It is about half a mile in
ien-th. and about thirty or forty feet in breadth at the top, havin- a
somewhat sinuous course, but a .i,renoral trend nearly S. 20' F.. or The
same as that of the lake on wiiose shore it terminates. It is coJnpo.sed
chiefly of coarse sand and -ravel, and traver>es a low flat tract which
in part, at least, is occupied by beds of ,day. Other kamcs, but of lesl
marked character, were observed at uiher points, especially a fewmiles
above the mouth of the gt. Francis, on tho Maine si.le of the St. .John
The soils of the district umler discussion aresimiiar in ori-in, and hence
similar in character, to those .,f the .Silurian tracts further south, whicli
liavo beendescribed incarlier i'cp..rts.They wouldseem, however, to be of
less depth than the latter, as well as less calcareous, and hence less well,
adapted for purposes of agriculture. Alon- tho valley of the St. John
there are many good fai'ms, ami excellent land lor farming purposes is
said to exist over large portion.s of the country drained by the tributaries
of the St. John and Hestigouclie i'ivcr,s. but to the north of Edmunston
and in the county of Temiscouata, the country is so hillv as tointerfei'o
materially with tillage operations, while the shortness of the season
and the constant liability to destru-tivo frosts, arc serious drawbacks to
the settler. The valley of the Madawaska, it is true, is an exception to
the generally hilly character of the region, but the sandy -.nd clayey
nature of tho deposits with which it is filled is equally unfavorable
to its productiveness, and though farms are numerous, they are in
general of inferior character. Tho whole of tho country east of Lake
Temiscouata, and much of that west of it, is still in forest, and is tho seat
of important lumbering operations.
The geology of the region, to which this report relates, embraces,
according to our present knowledge, only strata of Silurian and
Ardovician or Cambro-Silurian age. As the principal portion, how-
ever, of the area occupied by the latter, which extends to the
shore of the St. Lawi'enco. has boon only partially examined, and is
still under discussion, it is not proposed to consider it here, except so
far as it comes in contact with the Silurian system ; the present report
IS therefore essentially confined to the consideration of the latter.
.:..]
tiENERAL FKA'lUaiH.
II M
I iiif ol'cxcoptioiial
are repeated in the
St. Francis Itivor,
wost in the eoiirse
of Temisciniutii in
he.
niiection is that of
no portion.s of the
con in tho vieinit^-
itos the fdumlation
out half a niilo in
tlio to]), havini; a
■\y S. 20' ]•;.. or the
.s. it is cornitoseii
.V flat traot which,
kames, but of less
ecially a few miles
lo of the St. .lohn.
II orii^in, and hence
rther south, which
1, however, to he of
nd henco less well
eyof thcSt. John,
rinin^ pui'poscs is
by the tributaries
I'th of Ednuinston
illy as to interfere
es.s of tho season
iou8 drawbacks to
is an exception to
sandy -.nd claj'oy
Jally unfavorable
•ous, they ai'o in
ntry east of Lalvo
pst, and is tho seat
I'olates, embraces,
of Silurian and
)al portion, how-
exteiids to the
ixamined, and is
t here, except so
he present report,
of the latter.
Tho first systematic description of the Silurian roelcs in tl is portion ^Tmor
of America is that contained in the - (icol..-y of Cana.ia, 1S.;;J,' where ^t!.T■,
an olaborato section is given of these roelcs, a.s seen at liie extremity
of tho (iaspe IVninsula, to-etber with ni.-.ny details of their distribu-
tion in other parts of thai peninsula, as well as westwani in the valleys
of the Metapedia, Patapedia and ,AIetis rivers, about L.ike Teniiscoiiaia
and above ibe.uppei' tributaries of (he river .^t. .b.hn. The section al
• iaspc^ which is unequalled in its extent and clearness of exp..suie, was
Justly regarded as typical, and the nameof (Jaspe scrio w;k ..pplicd to
that portion of the strata there exhibited, chiefly lime.i.mes, which
was supposed to represent the Silurian system, as distiiii;uished from
an overlying mass of si.ndstones (Gaspe sandstones), wlibdi wen- re-
garded as Devonian. Subsequently, a fuithcr examination of portions of
the Silurian district w;,s made by .M:. Richardson ( U'cpoi t of Progress, "iehar.l-
IHd'.t), and numerous fossils were coljecteil by him as well as 7,y lv "*"""
Billings, T. C. Weston and others. Still later, in IRSi'-S:'. Messrs. KiN a-l
Klls and Low, of the geological corps, made additional observ.'ttiuns in'"*""'''"
the interior of the Haspc peninsula, and the results are embodied in
two reports, accompanied by maj.s showing the distribution ni' the
tbrmatioms, with large lists ..f fo>sils. In one of these reports, tho
fossils collected were regarded as in.licaling that a consi.lcrable portion
of whi I had been considered as Silurian was in reality Devonian, but
this view was subsequently aband<.ned. Finally, between the vears
18S:; and tho present time, the authors of tin- I'vjiort, while i)ursuing
their investigations in Northern New I'.runswiclc. have imi only made
numci'ous sections and careful surveys of tho Silurian rocks included
ill that province, but, by extending their observationsinto tho adjacent
state of Maine, have obtained much valuable infurmation regaiding the
.succession of tho Silurian rocks. The results of these expbiations, so
far as they relate to the mere details of distribution and lith. .logical
characters, have already been given in several preceding reports, with
accompanying maps, but, with the exception of two communicationHp,,.,^^. j,^
made by one of the authors to the iioyal Society of Canada, and pub-T™"^!"-
lished in its Transactions, no attempt has been made to institute com-
parisons or to draw any general conclusions. In the proent report, it
is our aim to summarize the information now available, in order to
show how far it confirms or modifies the I'esults of earlier observers,
and to indicate .some of its bearings upon general questions of geologi-
cal history.
rr|.f r!'
of
IS'.!.
on,
!.<.«
,-. C
12 M
NonriiEHN NBw nauNswrcK.
Gaspi Peninsula.
<!Mi.ej«:ti..i,. Ah u biisis of c'oinpiiriMon, it will lio cunvoniont to givu lioro a. sum-
mary of the Miicco.ssion, as rovcalod in tlic typical soction of the Silu-
rian rotks at Capo <la,spe. Tliiw, coinloMsocl from the Ciooio<ry of
Canada, page 3!H, is as follows : —
1. Groy limestones, in layers fioni six to ei^'ht indies thick, separated
l)y (irocnisli calcarefi-iirjjillaceous shale; the linieHtoiifs ahound-
inK in fossils, initludins;, amon^' others, specimens reforahle to the
followinu genera : FurDnttex, /iifilimiti.'). Dictitomvut, FiuenUlla,
Sliojiliomirifi, Orlhi.i, RhinirhoKilhi, I'mlnmirun, Spirifiru, Athi/rit.
Alrii/xt, Cyrtorlontif, }f<i(lifil(i)>siii, Aiieiilu, Lojonimn, ISiUerophm,
PlahjctmK, Convliirm, Orthocrran, lhxlmamte», Phacops, HronUvn and
Jivyrkhia. 70 feet,
2-0. Calcareo-aruillaceous shales of red and jrreen culnrs, with no<liiU's
and layers of limestone, and remains of marine jilants. 2(50 feet.
4. Grey limestones in thin heds, with separating layc^rs of frroy calca-
reous shale, and inriudinj; ahoiit seven feet of limestone and lime-
stone sliale, of which the layers have l)een in part excessively cor-
rnjfati'd and in part disrupted into fraj;montH. Fossils less numer-
ous than in 1. 200 feet.
.')-f). Grey or ^'reenish calcareous shalesor shaly limestones, sometimes
arenaceous, with thinner beds of pure limestone. Fossils— Brachio-
piMls and trilobites. 080 feet.
7. tirey nodular shaly limestones, with some jrreenish calcareo-arena-
ceous shales. The only fossils are one resembling Spiroiihylon
cmulagalli, an<l DalmanitCK plcuropti/x.
The lowest beds of the above section rest upon black shales, which
have been .supposed by Prof. Lapworth to hold a position inferior to the
rocks of Point L(5vis, while tho.so of its highest member are succeeded
by arenaceous beds, abounding with fossil plants and forming a portion
of the Gaspc sandstone series, of Devonian age. The entii'O thickness
of the Silurian sediments, as given above, amounts to about 2000 feet,
and thoir ago, collectively, is regarded as about that of the Lower
Helderberg formation. The rocks of the inferior Niagara group)
though abundantly repre-ented on the island of Anticosti, appear to
bo wanting here.
Of the geology of the interior of the Gaspe peninsula, we do not here
propose to speak, as we have no personal knowledge of its features, and
can add nothing to the information already given in the (ioologyof
s Canada and the later reports of Dr. E. W. Ells and his associates. It
is, however, necossaiy to observe that at several points along the south
side of the Shickshock.Mountains, notably at the sources of the Chatte
and Matanc rivers, the base of the Silurian system is represented by
massive beds, from 50 to 70 feet thick, of white, quarlzose sandstone,
Thiokiie-
and aa;|^
I
t«ll|y A Ml INNEJ
]
OASrfi I'ENINHUr.A.
l.'{ M
t(» give hoio a Hum-
section of tho Silu-
)ni tlio Gooiogy of
?8 thick, separated
iiiestoiieH aliniind-
8 rL'foral)le to tiie
onimii, Fnii'iitdla ,
Sjiirlfird, Athi/rig,
nnna, J>ill( rnplion,
copn, lironUm and
"0 feet,
lors, with iUMlule«
plants. 2(50 feet.
ytM'.s f)f };roy calca-
mestonp and linie-
rt excessively cor-
'ossils les.-^ nunier-
200 feet,
stones, sometimes
I'ossils — Braeliio-
()80 feet.
ill calcareo-arena-
blin^' Splroiihijton
Mack Hiialo.i, which
sition iiiferioi' to the
:nibcr are .succeeded
id forming u ])()ftion
rho entire thickness
to about 2000 foot,
that of the Lower
ior Niagara groiip>
Lnticosti, appear to
isulu, we do not here
B of its features, and
1 in the Geology of
I hi.s associates. It
nts along the south
nirces of the Ohatte
I is I'cpresented by
uai'tzosc sandstone,
F.,.,,.,:
r,il..orit..l-
niial evidence
often vitreous in aspect and .speckled with small, icd, foriuginous spoi^.
Thoy aio directly succeeded liy fosf-iiifoidus limestone, holding species
similar to those contained in the upper part of the Aiilicosti group,
and f c two arc honco regarded as marking an horizon about that ol
the Nuigara formation. Collections of (ossils rr.ado by Dr. Klls and j;''',?,'*'' ^
his associates, on the Scauincnac and Little ('ascapcdia risers (I{c|H>rt
of Pi'ogress, 1882 8;i-84), iiavc also been thought to imlicate a similar
horizon. On tho other hand, a considerable area of rocks occurring in
the basin of the Casiipscal River, and thence extending eastwaril to
and beyond tlieC'ascapcdia Jtiver, and which al;-o formed a portion of the
Gaspc? limestone series, as originally defined, were found, by the same
authof, to contain numerous fo.ssils. indicating (heir probable equiva-
lency with tho Oriskany and JIamilton forinatiuns .d' the Devonia?i
system.
Thus tho boundaiT, as indicated between the Silurian and Devoidan ruii.'i ui...i..
systems in this region, seems to have been determined upon i)alieonto-
logical groumls rather than upon the lithological and stratigraphical
evidence, and the evidence would also seem to aiford .some coidirma-
tion of tho view that tho Oriskany is not only a transitional formation,
but more nearly related to the .Silurian than it is to the I>ev;.nian sys-
tem.
Tho first observations made by us bearing up(m the geology of this
region were mad.^ during the season of lSs8, along the course of tho
Mctapedia Eiver, and about the lake of the same name, from which it
flows.
mi 1 /.I . , .Mftai'Cdiii
ihe geology ol the eastern side of Motapcdiu Lake, having been ^'''''■•
described in tho geology of Canada, and I'cpre.sentod in tho jiublished
ma])s accompanying the report by Dr. Klls, neeil not be discussed here.
Upon tho western side, near the head of the lake, tho lowest visible
Silui'ian rocks are whitish sandstones, sometimes c.vhibiting a pinkish
tinge or sj)eckled with small red spots. As statf'd in "Geolo"-v
of Canada, 18()3," p. 414, these rocks are undoubtedly the equivalents
of the similar beds on the Matane liivor, and, if the latter are cori'octly
referred, would represent the upper part of tho Anticosti group, or that
of the Niagara formation. Thoy may be seen at several points along
tlie margin of the lake, and Ibrm tho whole of an island near its
southern extremity, but in most j)laces thoy are concealed either by ,
overlying limestones or by drift. Tho drift ccmtains numerous '"o'e bi'^cks,
and often largo blocks of tho white sandstone, from which the oidy
fo.ssils as yet found have been obtained. In a collection made about
two miles above Cedar Ilall, the following fossils have been determined
by Mr. Ami.
r*
lU (ton'
1-t M NOnXIIERN NEW IIRIJNHWICK.
Znoi'llYTA.
iyimidal Columns.
Xiiphnnfis or Stir/ife/a.sma. k)». indf. Si-voial fiiHts nnd im-
{>l■c^<^if^/(« nf u Zuphi'eiu is-liko ctiial, losernbling a
species ilt-ribed by Prof. Hull in tlio 2iid vulmuo of
Paln'oiitdogy nf Now York.
Bha'IUoi'oha.
Pentamenh 'Moikjus, Sowerby. Niiineroii.s laryi! easts,
which show the position of tho intornal plates.
C«,\8TEKoPODA.
Murchisonia, sp.
Oriostoma, np. Several ea>lH, wliicli most pi'obably belong
to this genus, and roscnil>lo elo>ely. depressed speeimons
of tjlobosum.
Thii,ohita.
Lichaa (!) sp. A fragment resembling tho tubcreulatod
test of a trilobito allied to lAclias, but not largo enough
to warrant accurate determination.
F>jii8 from '^^'' liiiiestoiios, which may bo soon to directly ovorlio the sandstones,
Oe^i«'iuif '""' ""'^ ^^''''*^''' "'""^^ themselves quite hard and siliceous, are more abundant-
ly fossil iferous, and from bods of the latter, ex])osed in the largo
([uari'les opened during the construction of tho Intercolonial Eailway,
six miles above Cedar Hall station, tho following were collected : —
Cyathophylloid coial.
Body-volution of a largo gasteropod, perhaps of a Pleuroiomaria.
Halijsites catenulatus.
Crinoidal fragments.
Strophomena rhomboidoUs, Wilckens.
Strojihodonta vamtriata.
Strophodonta Becki .' Hall.
Merixt'jtia sp.. cf. 3[. didi/ma.
Atrypa reticularis, L; \evy abundant.
Platyceras s]». indt.
Oriostoma globosam, Schlothoim.
The above-named fossils tend to confirm t!.. idea ijjr.t the beds n
taining them hold a])osition corresponding nc. ly, ' - thut ofthoNiagara
formation. It may be added that at the extreme northern end of tho
lake, as well as on the way to Sayabec, there are boulders, of a very
I
I
Uilly « MclNN
,...]
(JAHI'K l'ENIN80I-A.
i:. M
v(>inl ciiHtH nrul itn-
•I'lil, rowmbling a
tlio 2n(l volutiio (»f
loi'ous lai'/^o casts,
rnal platca.
iNt i)r<)liably holon^
loprtmst'd ^[)u(•iIncll8
,' tho tubcrculatod
it not largo enough
M-lio tlie f^andHtones,
iiu moi-o abundant-
osed in the largo
L'l'colonial Eailway,
are collected : —
a Pleurotomaria.
. Ui; the beds n-
thau .)f thoNiagara
)rthorn end of tho
loiildcrs, of a very
largo Hi/,0, of a groy Ciinglonioratc. holding limestono iwbbl'.- in a sandy
matrix. Those contain largo com, nnd l.racl.iopods of :-iiur tn typo.
They repos.. upon rockw of th.' vuei.ec group, and c..- I .ndly havo
travelled to .ny gmat distaiii.. l.nt tli,. -.,.,,.■.- iVom wliich' tlioy
were derived iis not known,
Along the entire westorn nuu^ri„„ftho lak. the strata present low strata •«,.
undulations, the <iip rarely rising (hove 8^ or lu , and no higher bed. feie^na
than those above noted are observed, but near the outlet and along the '"''*"'
course of tho Metapedia River are numennw sections which appear (o
belong chiefly to the higher members of the formation. They huvf
not been examined in detail, but so far as soon, they appear to be<niito
similar to the strata described in previous reports as covering such
hi rgc areas in northern New Brunswick and Maine. They consist
lor the most part, of dark grey, bluish-weathering, calcare(mH slate.
A'hich, however, occa.sionally include beds of tine-grained, calcareou>
'.m<lstone, or, loss freiiuontly, thin beds of limestone. The strong and
highly inclined cleavage planes by which they are everywhere inter
sected, and the infhicnce of the latter upon their weathering, t,'ives ri,se
to stoop hills, narrow doHlcs, and, in places, to a landscape eminently
bold and craggy, suggesting tho idea of a highly-'Jisturbed region.
Tho inclination ot tho strata is, however, in reality, usually quite l(,'v
and tho same bods are undoubtedly several times repeated through tne
tifty or more miles of distance which the section covers, "com-
pared with tho section at Capo Gaspd, those strata would appear t.
appertain chietly to Div. S-C, but tho fact that fo.ssils of Devonian typ.
occur in the valley of the Casupscull, as observed by Dr. Ells, may
perhaps be regarded as indicating that the entire sorites is here repre-
sented. As a basis of further comparison, we add hero the following
list of forms collected in the vicinity of Dalhousio, N B., and now in
the cabinet of the University of New Brunswick :—
Fiwosites basalticus.
" OoWandkus.
Jfalysites catemdatiis, X.
SfirirKjopora.
JJiphijphyllurn.'
Zaphrentls.
Fenestdia.
Stenopora.
Orthis testudhiaria, Balman, or an allied species.
" oblata, Hall.
Strophomena rhomboidalis. Wilckins.
Strophodonta punctulifcra, Conrad.
Fof-"il.^ from
Dull .usie.I^.B.
Iti M
NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK.
Strophodonta varistriafa, Conrad.
Spirifcra cyclopfera. Hall.
Atrijpa reticularis, L.
Cj/rtina Balnuun, Hall.
Rhynchonella vellicdta, Hall.
Athyris princips '
Le.ptocaiia, aWml to I., hcmispherica.
Megambonin, allied to M. ocoides, Hall.
Oonocardium.
PleAirotomarid, allird to P. htbrosa, Hall.
Eiiomphalus ainuatus (?) Hall.
Dalnumites.
Low, flat,
eountry.
Notre Dainc
Jfouolaini' .
Metis and
I'otnpediu
Kiverg.
Tiio s])oc'ius above named wore determined by Mr. liilling.s, who
regarded them as indicating the horizon of the Port Daniel limestones
of the northern side of the Hay Chaleiir, and as intermediate in age
between llu'^^iagara and liower Heldoilx'rg groups.
In conformity with Ihe nearly horizontal attitude exhibited by the
rocks along the western shore of Lake Metupedia, the country under-
laid by the latter is also, for the most ])art, tiat and j'olatively low.
Krom the upper half of the lake, a similar, broail, tlat and often swampy
tract stretches to the westward to and beyond the Metis Hiver. Bor-
dering this tract upon its southern side, and stretching in a direction
about west-southwest, a ridge of hills is seen to rise into considerable
prominence, forming part of the range of the Notre Dame Mountains.
From the abi'uptnoss with which these hills begin, and their altitude
and boldness of outline, the idea is forcibly suggested that they are
])ortions of an older series, oi' at least of harder or more highly dis-
turbed strata than those which border them. Several attempts have
accordingly been made to ascertain their true luiture, but, even in the
case of the steeper portions, these have failed so far to reveal any
outcrops nor any debris other than that of the ordinary Silurian
slates.
The geology of the iletis and Patajiedia rivers is given, in consider-
able detail, in the Geology of Canada, p. ■lltJ; we had hope<l to have
re-examined this stiction, antl to have made morO ample collections of
the I'ossils which it yields, but wore prevented from so doing trom the
want of suilicieiil water in the Metis Iliver. We, however, ascended
one of the tiibutaries of the Metis, the Musiiuegegish, a stream previ-
ously explored, to a point not more than a mile from its source in a
lake of the same name. This lake itself is not far removed from the
lakes at tiie heads of the llimouski and (Juatawandicdgwick rivers,
and the information which it atlbrds, in connection with that obtained
BAILEV A MclNNES.]
OASPK rE.MNSlILA.
17 M
by Mr. Hillings, wlio
Port Daniel limeHtones
IS intcrmedijito in age
lips.
itiule exhibited by the
liu, the country under-
lat and relatively low.
flat and of'leu swampy
the Metis Elver. Hor-
•etching in a direction
) rise into considerable
lotre Dame Mountains,
sjin, and their altitude
^gestcd that they are
)v or more highly dis-
Sovcral attempts have
aturo, but, oven in the
HO far to reveal any
the oi'dinary Silurian
H is given, in considor-
^0 had hoped to have
rO ample collections of
i'orn HO doing fi-ora the
^Ve, however, ascended
ijegish, a stream provi-
from its source in a
far removed from the
iwanikedgwiclv rivers,
ion with that obtained
upon the last-named streams, to bo pi-csontly de>crilicd. gives the key
to the character of a largo tract, about which little was previously
known. The ro.dcs of (he Musciuogegish. as might be infcrro.l fioni its
position, arc much like tho.se of the Metis, and arc. in places, sparingly
fossiliferous.
On tracing the northern border of the Silurian tract t.. the west- &n,l.s.o„.8„t
ward, the white sandstones at the base of the series, which on the '■'' ""'"'"'•
Metis arc rcpi'csenled only l)y loose blocks, come again somewhat pi-o-
minently into view near the eastern extremity of the Hettiomont of St.
(labriel, and about half a mile from where the Rouge stream is cro.ssed
i)y tiio Taclie road. The beds here dip S. 2.-)° \V.<20°, and arc, as on
Lake Mctapcdia, directly overlaid by beds of dark blue limestone,
forming together a series of low bluffs along the road lca<ling around
the eastern extremity of Mount Commis. The limestones contain fos-
sil.s, but 'they are neither so .Mbundant nor so well i)rcserv(>d as wiiere
the .same beds como (mt a fow miles to the westward, at the falls of the ^. .
Big Neigettc Kiver. This fall, about lllO feet in height, and the""'" " '"
very similar one of the Little Ncigetto,. seventy icot, result from tho
singular abruptness with which the Silurian rocks terminate along
their northern edge, forming an e.scari)nicnl which consiiiutesa pro-Siiurm,,
minent feature in tho landscape, and which is partly continuous ^ith """"'"'"""•
Mount Commis, and extends thence and to the westward for adistance of
twenty miles, terminating in the ridge of tho liois Brui;, near St. iSlan-
dino. Tho rocks (d' tho Noigotto Falls, which are partly limostonos
and partly limosfono-conglomoi'ates, are chielly remarkable for the
number and tho largo size of tho fb.ssil corals which they cont.nin, the
chain-coral (JMynites cateniilatus) being especially abundant. Tho
limestones are, to some extent, burnt for lime, but are not well suited
for the purpo.se, being quite siliceous and impure. Their dip is S. .S()°
On the summit and around the flanks of liois Hrule Mountain, admir- ,i„i,,tn,i„.\,f.
able opportunities ai'c afforded for tho study of tho strata of which it is
composed, and which are here of moi'c than usual interest. On tho
])roeipitous northern face of the mountain, the rocks are chielly bard,
grey, calcareous sandstones, the continuation probably of similar beds
overlying tho limestones at the Xeigette Falls. They di]) S. IT" K.<
•Kt°, and contain a few large corals, as well as crinoid steins and ribbed
sliolls, but those are mostly poorly preserved. Ledges of similar sand-
stone also form the summit of the mountain, but on tho southern slope,
looking towards Ste. Elandine, beds are met with in which the organic
forms are both more numerous and more perfect. One bed, consi'^ting
of a buff-weathering dolomitic sand-rock, is especially remarkable as
<'ontainiiig little besides the remains i)f largo PenUimerl. the species,
18 m
NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK'.
Posails at Bi
Urulo Mtn.
though belonging to the section of which P. Kniqldl is the type, exhi-
bits, ncvertiieless, specific (limToiiee.s, and is apparently now,' Fr. a
collcctioii subsequently made, liowover, by one ..f the authors, from a
hght grey impure limestone, several tine and vei-v largo individuals of
what is undoubtedly the species last-named, were found associated
with cnnoidal and cystidean frr.gments, a Chonetes (or a form nearly
related thereto), a Merista (being a young individual, either of M. sub-
quadrata ovM.princeps, Hall), and an imperfectly preserved Euomphalm.
Mr. Ami suggests these strata may bo the equivalents of the Avmestry
beds of Great liritain, and perhaps of one of the zones called by
the New York geologists Pentamerus limestone. A mile or so to
the westward, still other fossilifeious beds appear. One of these is
near the foot of the hill on the northern side, in the valley ofBois
Brul(5 Kiver, and is a drab-weathering, argillaceous and shaly lime-
stone, from which the following fossils were obtainetl by Messrs. Ells
and Ami: —
Hah/sites catenulatus, L.
Strophomena rhomboidalis, Wilckens.
Orthia. cf hybrida, Sowerby.
" probably 0. calligramma, Dalman.
'■ 0. Bavidsoni. De Yerneuil.
Atrypa reticularis, L
Pentamerus, allied to or identical with P. oblonyus, Sowerby.
Calymene Blumenbachii? Brongniart.
Smerate Another and still more prolific locality occurs directly by the road-
atSte.Biiindinoaide, about a quarter of a mile south ofSte. Blandine Churcl;. The
ledges here, which dip. S40°E<40° 50°, maybe well called a coral con-
glomerate, as they are higher in the series, and are literally filled with
fossils. From them the following forms have been obtained :
Posails from
ate. Blandiiio.
POLYI'I.
Facosites Gothlandicus, Lamarck.
JIali/sites catenulatus, L.
Cynthophyllum, cf C. Pennnnti. Biilini
Syrinijopova retiformis? Billings.
Crinoidea.
Numerous fragments tifCrinoids.
BRACIIfOPODA.
Strophomena rhomboidalis. Wild
;eii>.
IK'.
.■3AIIEV d MclNNEi 1
QA.SI'K PENINSI.I.A.
lit M
^'niqhti is tlic type, oxlii-
apparoutly now. In a
! of the authors, from a
I'orv lar^o individuals of
woi'e found ansociated
wtes (oi- a form nearly
vidual, either of M. mh-
\y preserved Euomphalm.
valents of the Aymestry
f)f the zones called by
tone. A mile or so to
)pear. One of these is
e, in the valley of Bois
laceous and shaly lime-
btained l)y Messrs. Ells
jblonyus, Sowerhy
rs directly hy the ruad-
Blandine Churcli. The
)e well called a coral cou-
l are literally filled with
)een obtained ;
n">.
Orthis rarica, Hall.
'• sp. indt.
Rhynchonella nitcleolata, Hall.
Spii-'fera cijclojitera, Hall.
" sp., cf. S. sulcata, Hisinger.
Retzia or Tremntospini, sp. indt,
Atri/pa retirAilarix, It.
Jlerista arcuata, Hall.
" princeps, "
" linns. "
Pentamenis i/aleatus, l>alnian.
n. sp.
Tentanulites sp., indt.
Gastekoi'od.s.
Euomphalnscarinaiusi Sowerby. A largo fi>rm with obscure
markings. May he E. rugadineata, Hall (_'4th Re--
Rep. p. 18G).
TaiLOBIlA.
Acidaspis sp. intlt. Hypostome.
:' Lichas " "
The above were collected by I'rof. Bailey, and doierinined by Mr.
H. M. Ami, who subsequently added the following : —
A stromatoporoid.
Farosifes, sp., with small eorallites.
Syriihjopora. resembling S. J undformis, Hall.
rmpre-ssion or cast of a .scapular jiiate of a cystidean allied to
Caryocrinus.
Owing to the ehai'acfer of the ground, the precise relations of these ■J"''"'"'' of
several fossil-bearing beds are not easily determined. It is certain' ' " '"
that the rocks containing the species in the list last given are above and
not far removed from the beds which form the summit ofMt. Bois
Brule, while those yielding the species enumciated on p. 18 m I'epresent
still lower bods. The white .sandstones are not visible here, being
probably concealed by the talus on the north side of the mountain, but
they are described in the Geology of Canada as seen on the Rimo'uski
River. To the south of the coral conglomerates, the exposures
are frequent, consisting chiefly of grey calcareous and buff weathering. ?,';,']<|,'{^°5|^^°"
sandstones, with some limestones, which may be seen for several miles
along the road leading back from Ste. Blandine to the Tach^ road. They
<lip very legularly S40° !•;< 20°— 40°, and occasionally hold remains of
crinoids and ribbed shells.
20 m
NORTIIEKN NEW BRUNSWICK.
(?mtawam/ied(jivick amf Jlmouskl rUers.
ottte.?rt,. , ^'■'"" ^'V^ ^^'"""^ki River ut Ste. Blu.ulino, .six miles in a .traigl.t lin.-
from tho 8horo of the St. Lawrence, the northern border of ti.e Silurian
plateau bend« rapidly to ,he .outh and we.st, and. a. described in the
Geology „f Canada, is next prominently .seen on Lake Temiscouata.
Ee ween these two points, however, there is an interval of fifty miles
and with a view of obtaining more accurate knowledge of the country
separating them and of the formations included in the interval two
traverses were undertaken, the one embracing the section drained by
the Eimousk, and Quaiawamkedgwick rivers (the latter a bi.inch of
he Restigouehe); and che other a similar section aff-.rdcd by the
branches of the Trois Pist<,les and Tuladi rivers, the latter connecting
with Lake lemtscouata. Mr. McL.„es, by whom these traverses weit
made, thu.s describes tho facts observed.
J?e&";ivor, ^^'^'.f ^''° '"^^«'- P'»'t Of the Quatawamkclgwlck River, for the tirst
few mdes the strata are a coi.tinuation of those seen along the main
J es .gouche R.ver, between the Gounamitz and the mo;th of the
( uatawamkedgwicdc. They consist in the main of g.vv calcareous
slates, with batid.s, half an inch to six inches in thiekne^s, of impure-
limestone, and with interstratified beds of hai'd sandstone
Anticlinal fo,„s The .sandstones are .seen at points three and five miles fi-om thc^
mouth of the river, forming the sides of an anticlinal fold, the lower
exposure dipping S.5(1"E. < 8.^,-, and the upper expo.sure N 1G°W<80-
Overlying these sandstones, and exposed on the river above and below
them, are grey calcareous slates, with limestone bands from half an
inch to three inches in thickness; and underlying them, brought up by
the fold, are grey calcareous slates again showing the limestone l.and.s
more sparingly, however, and only in the upper beds, near the sand-
■s^ones. Karther down on the river, within a quarter of a mile of the
Re.st,gouche, these sandstones, or beds of a similar eharaeter. are ox-
posed again, apparently brought up by a fault; they are in direct con-
tac with the banded states and cut otl' the beds, which are much bent
and twisted at the point of contact, and have white calcite scattered
through them in numerous veins and lenticular patches
Grey, calcareous slates, without the con.spicuous banding before
noted occur a 1 along the river in a succession of low undulations to
and beyond the main Ibrks. The bedding of these rocks is seldom
clear y seen, a strong and nearly vertical cleavage everywhere obscur-
-n^n , ^^' *'"■*' "'■"'"P'^'* ^"t« ^ ««''ie« of folds striking'x. 50"E to N
-0 E„ but show local twisting of the most fantastic kind, and ro.semble
quite closely the contorted slates which occur along the shore of Temis-
eouata Lake bet ween Notre Dame du Lac and the foot of the lake '^
Fiiult (?)
Bnnded flutes.
•Geology of Canada, 186;t, pages AH and 425.
./ neers.
: miles in a straiglit line
II bo]'<li<i' oltlieSihii'iait
111(1. as described in the
on Lake Tcmiscouata.
interval of fifty miles,
iwledge of the eountiy
d in the interval, two
the section drained by
(the latter a branch of
Bction att'(.i-dcd by the
1, the latter connecting
11 these tiaverses were
ick fiivei-, for the lirst
seen along the main
ind tlic month of the
in of irrvy calcareous
1 thickness, of impure
amlstone.
I five miles from the-
ticlinal fold, the lower
cposui'e N. t6°W<80'''.
river above and below
bands from half an
;• tliem, bi'ought up by
C the limestone bands,
• beds, near the sand-
lai-tci- of a mile of the
l.ir charactci', are ox-
liey are in direct con-
which are much bent
hite calcitc scattered
latches.
nous banding before
)f low undulations ta
hese I'ocks is seldomr
e everywhere obscur-
•iking X. 50^E. to N.
ic kind, and resemble
g the shore ofTemis-
' foot of the lake.*
■3Aiify4MriNNE5.] Q I ATA WAMKEDl 1 WICK AND RIMOl SKt KIVERS. 21 M
Hard, dark blue slates, with softer, fissile bands, not ditfering in any
I great degi'ce from those seen bjlow, extend up the river as far as the
crossing of the boundary line between Xew Jirunswick and Quebec ; strnu,v
like the slates described above, they are cut by a nearly vertical f''''"''r'"'r
eavage and arc folded in a hko manner to them ; the softer, more
fissile portions ol the lodges weather out readily, and leave the hardei'
bands projecting in a succession of knitedikc edges in the bed of the
stream. For a distance of two miles and a (|uarter below the boundary
Jine, the outcrops seen along the stream dip about X.45^'K. 30^-40=',
iiulicatinir the occurrence here of a long dome in the rocks, the summit
•of which woidd lie some distance to the south-west of the str^im.
Above the boundary line no exposures are seen for a mile, or until
the first 'fall is reached, where the following section is exposed, K„,-,iii,enm.
measuring at right angles acro.ss the strata which dip X.r)°j>:. < 90° : ^'^"'''•
Dark l)lue, finely inioaceons, shales ]o"
Shales, similar to above, with bands ef light Kiey, finely mioacecus
sandstone, with carbonaceous nuirkin^'s resembling plant re-
mains, but too fragmentary for determination 10
•Soft, grey, calcareous shales 3
.Soft, grey, calcarev)us shales, and finely micaceous, grey sandstone
in thicker beds, with crinoid stems and shells -iO
Sandstone in heavy beds, with thin bands of soft, grey shales 'Si
Sandstone in heavy bods, weathering to a rusty, buff-colored, rotten
stone with thin bands of shale, very fossiliferous in certain
layers, especially along the junction planes of the sandstones
and shales ;;o
Soft, dark lilue shales and beds of sandstone 50
Soft, dark blue shales and beds of sandstone with fossils in certain
layers 25(1
Dark grey shales, forming falls four feet high 10
iSaine shales 150
A small collection of fossils from tins locality, which has been List of fussiis.
•examined by Mr. Ami, contains the following species: —
Obscure PsHophyton ov plant like I'cmains.
Numerous crinoidal joints.
Orth's sp., of the type of Orthis rustica. Sow.
SCro/MoHfc/K/ sp., with peculiar vermicular parasitic (?) organisms
iittached to the outer test of the individual.
Spirifem sp., cf. S. Mctarensis, Dawscjn, and S. aremsa, Conrad.
lAchns (.?) or .some closely related genus of trilobito.
The collection is scarcely sufficient or characteristic enough to
■state definitely whether the rocks from which it was obtained belong
M
NORTHERN NEW HIIUNSWICK.
Litliologicnl
chnriictcr.
Upper forks
KedgwickLiilit
i
to the upper portion of the Silnriaii system..,, to the hiise nf the Do
vonian.
These hccia re.^cmblo in ^renoral litholoyiciil charaete- the fossiliforou^
strata occurring near the edge of the Sih.rian on the Hercairuimie and
elsewhere.*
Beyond this fossil iforous l,an(i no exposures are seen in j,lace ibra
distance of ahout ten miles along the stream ; largo angular blocks of a
very hard, grit-like, grey sandstone are plentiful at a ])oint about three
mdes above the boundary line, but th.' first exposure ui s,tu occurs
about a mile and a half below the lake, where ledges of finely micace-
ous, soft, blue slate, with layers of limestone, weathering into depressed
bands an.l nodules, strike X.-,9-K. At the upper forks, half a mile
below the lake, a ledge of the sa.ne ehai^acter occurs, and again
about half-way down the lake asimilar lodge of highly calcareous, I'u.Hty
blue slate, of nodular structure, weathering into irrc-ujar rid-es with .
pitted depressions between, and with bla.k lilms along the cleavage
l.lanes, forms a reef in the lake, and is exposed on the western .shore on
ihchne of stiikc, which is N.49"^l<;.
This lake, known as Ke.lgwick Lake, is two milo in length and
has an average width of about half a nulc; it is quite shallow, and the
immediate shores are fiat and swampy. Low hills wooded with spruce
and cedar rise about a mile back from its shores. A stream eiiterin-
near the head of the lake flows from a smaller lake with the same
general features. No rock occurs in place cither on the stream or
around the shores of the second lake ; large blocks of coarse sand-
stone or fine conglomerate, holding small pieces of black slate ai'o
common about the foot of the lake, and near its head, grev fine
calcareous, arenaceous sandstone, weathering rusty, jiitted^n certain
layers and slaty iu places, similar to that described above as oecurrino-
in place on the stream, is strewn over the lake bottom in iar.re
angular blocks. *
From this lake, a portage of a mile and a .piarter, over a low ridge
wooded with white birch, cedar and s,.ruce, leads toa small lake at the
head of the left hand branch of liimouski Hivoi'. The only expo.^ures
seen on this lake are at the narrows, three-quarters of a milo from its
head; they are soft, grey, calcareous slates with narrow black bands
which give to the lodges a ribanded appearance; the beds are consider-
Ribande,.8ia.o.ably twisted, and are cut by a large vein of white ,,uarfz. Large
angular blocks of the fine conglomerate, mentioned above, holding small
pieces of soft, black slate, occur in numbers at this point,
^he stream draining the lake is very small, and flows through flat,
'The Silurian f.vatem of Northern Maine, New Urunswiek nnd Quebec, L. AVrBai7e7
Irans. Hoy. Soc ( an., ISSrt.See. IV.. ,. age .is. .i.miial Report, Vol. !., l.SS.^ |.age d U et se,,.
Portaife to
small lake on
Rimouski
Hiver.
to the base nf ilio Do
liariU'to'- tlif fossilifcrouh
oil tlio lU'ccaguimic and
aiv >ceii in jilace ibra
%Yu;e an<,'iilar blocks of a
il at a ])nint about three
exjiosurc in situ ocoiii-m
ledges of finely mieaoo-
lathoi'ing into (ie|jressed
]il)Ci' foi'k-s, lialf a mile
:'tor (H'ciiis, and again
highly ealcarcous, I'list}^
o iricgiilar ridges with .
ns along the cleavage
m the wotei'n shore on
wo miles in lengtli and
quite shallow, and the
lis wooded with spruce
A stream onterino-
LM- lake with the same
her on the stream or
)loeks of coarse sand-
ces of black slate, ai-e
■ its head, gre\', tine,
■usty, pitted in certain
ed above as occurring
lake bottom in lai-ge
ter, oyer a l<nv jidgo,
i to a small lake at the
The only exposures
irs of a mile from its
narr.iw blaek bands,
the beds are consider-
vvhitc ipiartz. Large
J above, holding small
is j)oint.
d tiows through flat,
— — — ' 1
find Quebec. L. W. Baileyi
I„ 1S9S. i.nge (J Met sen.
I
iilthi
coiir-o
I ream.
cctioi) .•'ccnon
fi«.LEv*„uNNEs.] ->" ATAW.VMICEDOWICk- .AM. ,u.MOrsiCI RIVER.s. O'.] M
swampy land f„r abo,.. two n.iles below the l.ke, showing no . xposuros
'or pat-t of tins distance, however, the stream is eli.ked wilh la !^
^!^JnTT T "".' ^""•-'"'-'•'"^- tl-' latter holding pebbles Angular b.o.
limestone. Descending the stream, the tir.st expo.Hures. whi.di occur """"""'•
a out a m.e and a half below the lake, are ru'y-wcalhe t ft
darkgrey slates, with satindike surl-u.es and showing tine black band:
mg; tlie bedding s ctit oblh.uely by an almost ^^rtical cleav S.
rhe.e b ds are followed, at a distance of two miles r„,„er down the
s re.un, by .ott. hnely micaceous, dark-grey slates; no general d^p
o Id be got on account of the violent crumpling to whid. the beds
liiive been subjecteil.
di^^;:^ii::"f diV"'" ?^^''"" ''""^"' ^•^•'"'"■"' -'•^''-.teriy.e„e,..
nectton toi ., dis an.e of about >even inile.s, it then turns with'""' '
n'; Ze"l' T ^°"^''-"^'^--*- -<^ l"-o.-vos -hat direction
n a genera -.niy for ten mile.s, to its Juiudioi, with the right hand
...nchof .he Rimouski River. On the eastern side .,f the bend no
1 dgesa.ee.xposed; near its ape.v a,id for some distance to the south
"that point, large blocks of hard conglomerate and sandstone are
hickly scattered alongthe bed of the river. The section seen between
the northern point of the loop and the Rimouski Hiver supplies the s ,•
ru^ Of that concealed along the upper part of the stream, \L ^t. ES^
Of the strata carrying them acuss both sides of the bend the expo-
.th bands of limestone and occasional beds of sandstone. Takin-^ un
these beds in order towards the north, or in the reverse order to U.a.
m which they are seen in descending the stream, we have, two miles
above the forks, an anlielinal fold with dark gr.y slate at the summit,
and on either side slates, with interstratified bands of hai.l sandstone
ten inches in thickness. Following these are dark grev slates a-^ain'
bent and contorted, dipping south; and beyond, another anticlinal
Jold, shewing slates with hard .sandstone bands two to three inches in
thickness, and hard, grey silicious.smdstone. with fine, hair- like black
markings and cut by veins of mixed calcite and quartz, and by large
veins of rusty-weathering, white. piart/. These beds arc much twisted
up and altered by compression, the slates becoming quite lignifomi in
structure where they adjoin the beds of sandstone.
On the main J«mouski River, strata sindlar to those above described Ri,uo„ski
occur all aiong down to the great falls. They are mainly grev, calca- ''''" '"^'^'
^ous slates, with limestone hands, and with, here and there, interstra-
tified bands of hard sandstone.
The whole series of rocks above described has been subjected to vervcmmriin.
Molent crumpling, the strata exposed along the main Rimouski River
."^hewing Its effects more particularly. Tlie folding is often of the
24 m
NORHfEKN NEW BRUNSWICK.
Vertical
oteavuife.
Efl'eots of
pressure.
Formation ol
conglomeriite.
Trend of folil,«
mos, fantastic- .le«cri,,tlon, Hhowing local dipn towards ovo>y point of
the tu.nd of the lold,s, wh.ch nm roughly north-east in broad curves
A fine and strong vertical cleavage, which cuts the slates, strikes in the
same d.rocn.,n ; this necessarily cuts the planes of bedding at various
-^Ios.and renders ,he finding of fossils in tl. strata' extremely
The planosnf cleavage become co-incident with those of beddin- only
m dose proxnnity to comparatively thick beds of sandstone, which
. une proved ng,d enough ,o withstand the cleaving action of
he shove, and to nuluce in the adjoining slates a cleavage parallel
I'ld::f ?'' ■' '"■'""■ ''''''' ''' '"^^ ■'^'-^- --tanceof
t en of li :r r " "'"' '" ''" P''"'"^""" '" ^'^^ '^''^tes near
o c , r"" '■"''"'■''■ '^'^^ «-^-«'"e pluses of crumpling have
occu C.1 near the centre of b.-oad bands of ,late, where the twistin-
an. d:stort.on of the beds has been very grea., and where a conglom^
eratc, snndar to that seen at the mouth of the Seigus stream, on Z
St. John liiver,-'- has been formed.
sto!I"""7'^.'';*T'''' " '""•'' "f^ "^ ^ub-angular pieces of impure limc-
ments are often very considerably rounded, anc the rock might t
places be read.ly mistaken for a <-onglon>erate with water-worn pe-
shown. It has evidently been formed from slates, with interstratitiecl
harder bands of lin^estone, which have been subjected ,o grea ate al
pressure. The softer slates have bent and stretched under the tc
exerted, wh.le the hardor bands have broken up. and, after having
been partntlly rounded by attrition, have been sun.unded bv the slates
betweoT ^"""'V"'""' '''' '"•'^'^" P'^«^'« «"^ «"-' '^^ -terstice
!::iZ'bXv:'"^""""^' "- '^ '^'^^ '-"''' - ^^■-'"■■^ ^■^"^'- ^" ^'-
'im^\lTT' """''uT ""^. ''''''^'■''''' ^'^"^ *'^^^« whole series of
ok^ and the parallol.sm to these of the planes of cleavage, would indi-
f.om the south-east or north-west, and at right angles to the coast Ine
to the south, and to the edge of the Laurentian HiTls to the north
Jn'u'"P'''"V"i'-"^ ''"' ^''" ^'"'" above of the rocks exposed
along the E.mouslu R.ver has been carried northward down the river
only as flu. as the head of the Great Falls gorge ; the section whicl^ h
br , "f' ,'''T" ''"^ '"'* '' ^"° ^"-^'^ ^"^ ^he St. Lawrence, ha.
been desc. bed .n the (icology of Canada. 1863, pages 418 and 419!
•Geology of Cnimilu,180.i,|j. 13).
iwaids overy point of
goniTuI paialleliHin in
-oast in broad ciii'vos.
10 BlatoH, striken in tiio
of bedding at various
the sti-ala oxtromoly
those of beddini-- onl}-
1 of sandstone, which
cleaving action of
is a cleavage parallel
greater resistance of
•n in the slates near
*es of crumpling have
, where the twistins.'
tid where a congiom-
Bigas stream, on the
eces of impure lime-
; the enclosed frag-
iho rock might iti
I'ith water-worn peb-
formation is clearly
with intorstratiticd,
3ted to groat lateral
3hed under the force
), and, after having
ounded bv the slates,
tilled the interstices
ture similar to that
tho whole series of
leavage, would indi-
to this direction, or
lesto the coast line
Is to tho mrth.
tho rocks exposed
ard down the rivei-
e section which the
St. Lawience, has
Js 418 and 419.
BAiiEv * MciNKta ] <il ATAWAMKBIiUWICK ANH RIMOI sKI IIIVER>. L'.'i M
The Silurian a-o of the rockij described in the above section extending ,ii„ru„ a«^
.from tho Bestigouche Eivor westward on its tributary the (^u:itawam- 'it';"!,:,,''^;.''
kedgwick as fur as the tossiliforous strata above the provincial bound"
.ary line admits ..f little doubt, as, altliouo-h fossils werr tinnul in them
only at the one point mentioned, they are evidently, from 'heir litho-
logical character and stiatigrai)hical position, tho continuation .'a>t-
ward of the strata exposed along the St. .lohn liiver. Tliev are
therefore considered to be Silurian, and probably of about the horizon
of the Lower Helderberir.
There is l.-ss rertainty with regard to tiic age of the rocks exposed P'ui.tnii ue. f
along the Rimouski Rivrr and extendi nir across the heiuht of land to t'-d."'""'""''^
(^latawamke jgwirk ; no fossils have been discovered in them between
theTache Hoad, where the rocks are fossiliferous and of Silurian age.
and the fossil-bearing ledges above referred to as oecari'ing near the
provincial boundary line. The whole extent of highly distiM-bed bods
intervening cannot therefore, with any certainty^ be assigned to a
particular horizon, and the question as to whether they nn- of Silurian
age or otherwise is loCt until the work of another season shall have
artbrded fuller evidence on the point. Tho parallel section further
to tho west, to bo presently described, shows no strata further north
than the Mt. Wissick ridge, which can be classed with any certaintv
as Silurian.
The Qaatawamkodgwick River Hows in a deep valley about half a vaiUy ..f
mile in average width, and sweeps from side to side of this valley, k"'igwk*^"'
leaving on either side between ,ho bends, flat land, extendinu- back to
the hills which rise along the lower part of the river to a height of
from 400 to 500 feet above its bed. The water is exceedingly clear
and cold and the current very swift, with no stretches of deatl water ;
fine deep pool.s, however, occur here and there along it> course, which
form tho spawning bods of large numbers of salmon and trout. Small
islands, wooded with balsam poplar, elm ami ash, are |)lentiful along the
lower stretches .^x the rivei', and the scenery all along is sti'ikinifly
beautiful.
The approiu-iateness of the Indian name, (^uatawamkedgwiek (the Deriv.tion
•river which runs down hill and disappears under the ground), becomes °^ "'""*•
-apparent at many points along this part of tho river's course, where "
the water, always swift, seems literally to run down hill, and to disaj)-
pear under the mountains, towards the base of which it again and ao-ain
Hows, and only turns abruptly off when to all apponr'ance on the • \t
■of disappearing beneath them.
Higher up, tho valley gradually becomes narrower, and the confining HeUht of hiiu
hills loftier, rising to heights of over 700 feet above the river becC
Klevations of various points along tho valley and of many of the
2»J M
IVaTcrshc'd.
Kviiiciicc.'
tilaciulioi;.
NOHTIIEIIN NEW ItUI NSWH K.
.e^.hk.unn.^r l„lls «ro Kivon by Mr. Chulmor.. in th. am.uul ropor, for
18'. llH' ^.ontM-al cl.urnotei- of tlu- valley remain.s the ^amo i.n t„
Hi l..„arew,„il...,ttho M.ain forks; abovo thi« point, tbo hills o,.
either s„lo ,!r,,,, I „a I ly disappear an.l ibo country Lonlerin^ , he stream
'leoonies flat an.l .•ontinuos so to (he lakes which lie at its source
Ihese are divide.) tr.,m lakes draining i.,1.. the Kimouski by only a
I'.vv n.lge. and the whole ext..nt or,.o„„try lyino- about the hea.lwatcrs
"i Lose rivers is generally of even .surface with large an-as ..: .vani,,
=.>.d w.tb few elevations rising to any considerable height above Ih..
.ircH.ra level. Kvid..nce that .his level huul whieh Ibrms the central
wator.>lH..I was once cvered by ghn^ier i... is atlbr.le.l by the .leposits
of boulder clay which ..ec„r at different p.>ints. A dcpo.it of this
;'»""■.. n.,ted by Mr. . •halmers,* ocirs two miles and .hree-.,uarters
''el.>w Ale )o„gairs I5r..ok, and is here overlai.l by a s.raliricl bcl of sand
»™i gravel. BouMer .^lay was n.,te,l at two other p.,inls lurther up on
tbo stream. .,ne of these was at a b.-n.! in the river, a ..narter of a mile
•■.hove the ..r.,ssingot the provincial bouu.lary line, and the other a
quarter ot a mil,, below it. At these ,.oiuts the river 'v.shes against
and cuts mt... a bank of uustratitied clay from twenty ,o thirl v feet in
boight holding pebbbw an.l small b.mldcrs of the' l,.al rod. with
10 overlying
(-•.\|)osuro below,
smo..thed and tlattene.l sides longitn-linallv stiiate.l- tl
stratiHe.1 .san.ls an.l gravels, which occur in the '
are hetv entirely wanting, only a thin layer ofloam eoverin-^ the
clay. Thestr,.amat the crossing of the boun.larv line is probably
below
about 150 feet higher that, at the boulder clav .leposit be
McDougall s H,nok, or, taking the heights of the latter j.lace given
Mr. Chalmers. .oTHfe.'t above sea level.
Troif Tisrclcj
and TulaiJi
Riven'.
■''t. .Teaii ..Je
l>ieu.
Jioisbousruc/ii- ,ind Tiihtdi rivers.
A seeon.i traverse was made aero.ss the watershed s..utb of the St.
Lawrence, l^; way of the Trois Pistoles and Tuladi rivers and their
branehe.s. Ihe lioisbouseache ..r left hand branch ,.f the former river
was tollowe,! from the settlement of S). .Jean do Dieu upwards
tor a distance of eight miles. From this point Lac des lies at the
head of the left hand branch .)f Tuladi JJiver was reached bv a
short portage. The road wliich leads back from Trois Pistoles Station
to ibe settlement of St. Jean do Dieu, a .listance of twelve miles, passes
over a succession of low rolling hills, rising gradually from the St
Lawrence and cros.ses alternately belts of har.l silic'eous sandstone
(Bo-ca ed Sillery) forming the h.ghor hills,and green an.l purple slates
(so^h3.1 Lauzon) occupying the intervening valleys. Those rock*
*Anmml RejM.rt, 1x86, imge 15, .M.
hv idiiiiiiil lopori foi-
lin.s tho >amo up to
* point, tho hills on
oiilofih",' the stream
c at iiH soui'ce,
Kitnoiihki hy only a
lioiit tlio iR'aihvutcrs
u'^'e areas o; -vrtimp
lo Iieiyht abovo fh*'
h Ibrins the cuntru!
rik'd by tho dopositf*
A deposit of this
^ ;iiid tliree-(|uartorH
<iratitie,l bed of mind
loiiit.s riirther up on
a (|iia!'tei' of a mile
le, and tho other a
i-er 'vishcs against,
ity lo thirt\- foot in
10 lo^al rock witli
od; tho overlying
oxposino below,
loam covering the
y lino \h probably
ay de]iosit below
tter plaee given by
ed south of the St.
di rivers and their
if tlie former river
de Dion upwards
UP des lies at the
as reached by a
lis Pistoles Station
reive miles, passes
ally from the St.
ilieoous sandstone
and puj'plo slates
■yp. These rock*
I AUCy .1 M IKtNCI
]
Itiisilnrt ACHE AMI Tl I. All! lllVKItS.
are all very much alteiod and cnnlorted : they have boon treated of at E;
length ill tho (leolngy of Canada. lS(;;i, and in the subsequent rejtorts
of the Survey by Dr. Sehvyn and other writers; further dolaiU with
regard to them are left for a later re|iMrt wbon the sinutiire shall have
ii.'lii'r nt't;'.
been more thoroughlv worked oal ; a>l that
will be aitcinpted now
will 1)0 to deserilie the exposures observed aloiiL;- the .-treauis Iiaversed
on th
IS route,
Aseeiidiiig tl,o stroani from the sollleiiieiii uf ,Si. Jean de Dion, the Sedion -ttn
first exposures soon form a low fall alinut 2(M» yard- above the main teoiiM,>tu'
ioa<l liridge; tiny are hard, dark gi'ev. (••impact -andstunos e.dusider-
abl
Hccur about half a mile bevond, are ban
y eontorfed, and dip S. 111'^ W. 'S0\ The next exiMisuivs, which
iiighly altered, nacreoii- slates, loeall
same general dip; further on, however, the same
■ir)'-'-50°. .Similar sandstones and liaril. -rev slat
icy. I'listy weatlierinu',
y miicli folded, but keeping tho
-late- dips. 2(1= E.<
es eontiniie in .'dter-
natiiig bands beyond this point, preserving llio same general strike,
liiit shewing also local dips in vari<iiis dircMtioiisand at all angles from
horizontal t<i vertical. The slates in plaeos are banded with ureen. .•iiid
are every wheio highly alli'ioil an<l rontoriod, and otieii liiiclv cleaved
with sliinii
satiny surfaces along the pli
UK'S nt {•jeavage
'h.
ast
exposures soon on the stream occii
r iu>
at the inoutli of a small brook)
entering on the left bank", which drains the lake tbioiigh which tho
portage to Lac des lies jiasses; they are satulstones and .soft red and
greenish-grey slates, witii soapy feel and with liinostono bands, two
10 same sjale- again appear in a
Mint three (juartors of
inches in thickness, iiiterstratitiod. Tl
iw bluff on tho right hand side of the portage. ;d
way aon)ss. dipping .S.K.<70",
Lac des Hots is a small, shallow
th(
ake. about tW(
mil(
half in length, and has an average width
a I,
the si
;i iiiiarter of a mile ;
lores are quite low and show no exposures of rock in situ.
A number of small islands at th
e narrows, near the ho
ad (I
f th
lake, are formed of angular blocks of dark grey, hard, siliceous
sandstone, which probably occurs in place boneath or near at
hand; the nearo-t exposure of this sandstone seen, however, crops
out on the stroa
m
)10s
I Hi\icro
St. .1
oaii) tlirociiuarters of a mile ?'^'"''''-'"^'
below tho lake, where it dips N.;i8'^\V.<(;5=. A mile below, hard,
grey sandstone, composed largely of quartz grains, with some felspar,
and with small pieces of black slate, ilips N.41 ^ .'JO^ ; and beds of
tho .samo character, Imt greenish in color ami a.ssociated with hard,
(ley slates, crop out on the stream about a third of a mile below.'and
p in the reverse direction at a very high a
lean
di
ngle. A (piartei
'of a
mile further down, the same bard sandstones and slates, with hard
very dark grey, splintery shales, dip .\.30=W.< 85' ; theso arc followed
28 m
Nl'HTIIEHN NK\S UHl .\,Wr.K,
about haU'n milo holow, h
above, which hoM pioco>< of soft bin
in two niiloH nf Lar .los Aij^Mos no
qiiartois oj'n milu the wtroani fl
loputitioM mCiIi,. i,o.U ..|',i,ii.l
^loiic Moeii
ek Mliitc. Krorn tliis |initit fn with-
oxpoNiiifs aio ■<o.'ii. tlu'ii tor ih
roe-
of calciirooiiH Miindstof
lows ovoi- almost .'ontiiu
10, with whili' calfih
H ("X
|)0hU1VN
ciilcnruoi.s .slafs with hard, tlinty, c«l
iil'-nu: loiiitiiii;' piuiiOH, and
two itK■hl'^ ill ihicki
ll'N?
Thc^o hods I
ciiioiii^ hands, halt' an inch tc
could be dotorminiMi, .V.S0°W.<8()
twJMlcd and conti.rlod. so that d
lavc a L'oiicnil di
ihov
p. as lu'arly an
are, liowovor. voiv viojentlv'
roqiient. Tl.o I
nwi'
occupied e.ilircly Uy ,ho han.led slates, which
h'd^ro whicli ciosses ||
eviatioiiH from this yciieial dip are very
qiiaricr nf a mile ol this long oxposu
Fall
and toinis a tall six (
10 river nearlv at
posuro iH
leriniiiate iil.rupdy in a
rht
wtrcani from tiiis tall d
eet ill heiiihi. No ex
a'mie.r to \\^ course
dist
own to the lake, u djst
iiiico above the fall, boulders „f red si
po.tures appear along the
nice of one mile. A siiort
tte, ahdiit ei''hleen inch
Fin-ilifeniua
l>looks.
A«e (if the
liiiisboujciioho
River rock.".
1- "• '»-" ^Liiu, aiMiiii c <;n een inclics n
'•'""'o.or oc..,.,. in „.e bed .,f U.e .troam, together ^i.h lai-. wel
'•■" .-i bun dcrs, perhaps six tee, in diameter, of highly c^ all
K^uhirsiuidstone, with broken bands ot limestone, ^n^.i.;:;!:
'nan:y l">',i,'o cnrals resomliling Faoosites Gothlondtcu.^ ^
sirnirc!''!^'''""''''!'-? ••'^^ «''"^^"y-o-"blc^ that ot the bedn of
«.rn,lai c„a,aoter. which make up the mass „, Mount Wissick on Lake
T mncouata,* and the blocks themselves arc probablv -lerivcd Hw
--.b-casten. end of the ridge of whi.h Mount Wi.ick form.tl
sou ift-w ostein termination.
Of the strata above described the whole scrie> occurring- -ilon- tho
o.sbouscache H.ver is. with little doubt, a contuiualion and paHly a
cpetinon o that observed along the road leading southward from Tn,is
I Kstoles station, and tl... set of bed., observed alon^- the Riviere St Jean.
^:':^T''''''T'''''J^'''''''^''- -' ^'•^•-^-■' northward "f
thos n hich <>cc..r along the «horoH of the northern arm of Lake Temis-
-uaaandwh.^
bo o Ml.tcrous s rata of Mt. Wi.«ick. The whole sectio,: southerly to
on U?7 :'"".'"' north-easterly oxtentation of Mt. WisieU
woidd thus seem to embrace only rocks of SiHory Ripper Cambrian)'
l-ae.. .u.ie... The immediate .hore« of Lac des Aiglcs are quite luw. and no rock
in place was seen on the lake.
H.mho. and water lilies grow in protrusion around the lake shores
and often extend far out into its waters, which arc quite shallow. The
sream draining the lake also flows, through Hat land, and joins the
HoKon branch of the Tuludi River about half a mile above the' unet on
oflhat branch and the S-iuatook branch. J»ncnon
* (JcoliiKy uf Ciinarlii, lS<i3, p. -121.
JC"!.-* ii|siin<lsloiic seen
ini this |Hiint t.i willi-
r*ctMi, tlicii (or fhioo-
I'ontinnoiis (txpoisiin'H
,' Joint ini;' pluiiof, und
•amis. Imlf jm jncl, to
n'l'iil ilip. as iii'ui'ly as
wovof. vofv violi'Mtly
'f,'i'iiei'al (ti|) ato vory
lis long oxpOMiio is
ininato aliruplly in a
anu'los ti) its coiir.so
l'C» appi-ac ulon^' tlic
>t'oiio iniic. A hIioi-I
It I'ighloi'n iiu'hfs in
Of with lilf^'CM', woll-
"f liii,'lily caleuivous
01U-, ami rontaiiiini,'
tlint ot ilic bo(l8 of
Hit \Vis>iclc on Lalvc
iliably ili^'ivt'd from
It WissicU forms tho
'iccurriiii;' iJoiiii' tli<-
Illation and partly a
nithvvard from Trois
thf Kivii'ioSt. Jean,
ntioii northward of
arniof LakoTomis-
ent report, underlie
>cctioii eotitherly to
ion of Mt. Wissick,
(Upper Cambrian)
i- low, and no rock
id the lake shoret*,
[iiite shallow. The
land, and joins the
above the junction
is a ivni.okal.jy Miioolh-rtowinir river wilhout liilU „r
.lUst liol.iw the fiisi lake and
riiluji Ki(cr.
i.ii.J.
Tho Tiiladi
lajiids, with till, cx.epti-in of .me sma!
a short rapid almv,. it, nioiilh.
Fine (lat.s oeei.r at many points along its ..o,„„, i,.,|eei the whole''"'"'
iract ol land ulon:: thr river seenis i,, bo of ex.Hieiu .,,ialit\
The traverse uhic-h has been deseribe.) follows an old I.Vlian route, n,,n,.,i, .„
u huh onee Jom,o.l om of the main highways ofeomniuni.'ation between """"
the .St. John FJae.. and the St. Lawrence. Tw„ „f ,he old eampinL'
|.la>-os on th,. route, whirl, are imw over grown will, ,,uite larye
''■""■* "'^7 ^'^"^^'i "'■ "'"^" i^ Hituateil on a p.,in( ,.,. the south
> lore ,.f Lar dos Aigles, opposit.. II,.. n,Mulh olil,.. inlei fp.„. Lae des
lets and the other is on the left bank of th.. rivr at t.ie foot of Fu-^
I nladi Lake. The latter pla..e has ..vMently b..e., a (iiv..urit.. one for p, , .
""• "i"'""'""'"' r flint in.plements. as the sur/i.... ..ver a .■..nsi.lerablo '"'
|..Ta is.h.itcd will, liltl.. pil.., ,.f ,iini ..|,ip... TI... mafrial use.| munt
liavo been .Icrive I from th.. drill, as no suiiabio rock .„..,u.s in pla...
Ill the vi.'iiiity. '
''''"■ .^'^''^"^'"^ ■'"'•'•"'.^ "" H't. lak.. and at the ..api.ls in tl,.. h.wer
I'art o( the rive;, ar.. .b'si-ribed in an.,lher part nf ihj. coport.
L(j/,-<; Temiscouata.
Tho rocks ofLukcTeniiscuata have been d...erib..d in ,.oMsi,|..rable I-'k-
'lotail, and are given with sections illustrating the relations an.i i.rob "''"'■'■""""■
Mbl.. thickness .,f the princiiial bcis in the (ieology of Canada 180"J
|:agcs41!M25 It is with pleasure thai we bear l..slimony to the ^-ene: A,.,.n,cyM-
I a! accuracy of these descriptirms, wl,i..h, s., far a> the litholo-y oV thett^v'of
locks IS concerned, I.'av.. little to be desired. A careful review how- ^'"""''"'' '"'"
cver,of theadniirabl.. but ..omple.N sectir.n hero revealed has enabled
us to a.ld very .■onsi.ierably to the lists of organic remains in (he beds
already kii.iwn to be (nssilirV-rous, uh well as to rec.ird their i.,...>ence in
••ortaii, portions of th.- series in which (hey ha.l not i-roviouslv been
observed; while the exploration .,f the snri..,un.lino. country an.l the
comparisonof this with .listricts sdidie.l el.sewher... have served (..throw
new light on points hitherto obscuio. The (blLminn >ection is a con-
densation of that in th.. (Jcdogy of Cana.la, with such additional infor-Con-loscl
mation as has been recently ob(aine.l. The secdon begins on (he north ^^^i^^r
side of Mount Wissick or Mount Lennox, where th.- rocks of th.. Silurian
nystem may be seen to r,..*t nneonf„rmablv ui.o,, those of th.- 'Mjuebec
group'' : — IV
Greenish grey and black slates, allernatin-.' in thin hands, two t<, three
inches wi.le, with ,'rey or buU' woatherin- dolomitic limestones,
ihese beds occur on the nortli-east side of a small cove above ^,U
30 M
NORTHEIIN NKW l!Hr.N.s\vi('K,
<'i'iiJeDsei|
section of Ml .
\Vit.«i,k, :ni<l iiiva |.ait.,ra siiiiiliir series ,,f ,o(U.s, siijiiiosed to l,e
<.rtl;o -lime at;.' as tlioso of I'dint Levis which <.(tii|.v all (he iipfer
inirt .ifthe laUo. Thev imvo heeii suhjecle.l t,, iiui'ch crniniilinjr.
and exhihii .■onsidiMahlc irrenulaiity of inclinutioii, their dil",.
where nearest to tli(^ Silurian, hnntr N..!0°\V.- 7()°-8()°. They Jmve
a,-, yet yielded no fossils, and their thic^kness is unknown.
Measures concealed for ahoiit half a inilo.
<irey qnartzose sandstone, containing' wliite .(Uari/ pehhles, niinj,'led
with fra-inenis of limestone in a j:ieenish sand\ matrix. These
grits or conglomerates apparently occuja' a space across the
measures of alioiit 1,(100 feet, and with a dip of 8.(ir)°E <40" would
give a thickness of ^^., , .
AVliite sandstone or ,|iiart7,ile in masaivo beds. These rocks are grey
within, hilt weatheralmost sncw while, with vitreous surfaces, ofteii
driisy witli small MUartz .Tystals. Some portions are pinkish or
re Idish, and others spotted with tmall red dots. Their thickness,
as given in the (leology of Canada, is only 40 feet, hut thev were
found to have a surface breadth of L'uO paces, which, with an aver-
age dip of 50°, would give a thickness of 420 fe„t.
Coarse, shaly and rubbly conglomerate, holding limestone pebbles (with
some .luarlz)., They .lip 8.(iO°E. , 70°, and have a breadth ofw.
paces, c.trresp.iiiling to a thi.kness of 114 ij.gt.
Dark grey san.Kt,,nes. Dip S.70°K.v20". Thickness about .... Ic feet.
Grey calcareot hales, (ille.l with bands, nodules and lenticular masses
of hme.slono. ab.mndiMg in fossils. .Among these are the follow,
hig ■.—Fiirvml,« GondnndiruK, Lamarck ; UiudHm si), or lhn<hoi,or<i ;
■/.uphradh >^,. ■ Crinoi.lal fragments; Chonelcs ; Strophoilonla vari-
."tnalii, Conrad ; Rliyvchovrlhi vucli,>hUi,U:\\\, It sp. in.it. ; Mnipa
leliciilnriK, /.. ; M,riH,ll<, or M,rhUi. very abundant, and inclu.ling
three si>e.ies, .)/. l„Ua. Jlall, .1/. huvh, Vanuxem, M. didinrM, Dal-
man; MnjumhohU, sp. ; Gmiiiiiijif^i,, sp.. resembling G. Acai/icu,
Hillings; (hlho„„l„, sij.; Ci-ck/Zc/A, sp. ; Orthoanis, with large
siphun.'le .11 one side, ten septa in the space of .seven .entinietres,
and seven septa t.i its own diameter; CiiniiiHtn>jU.nmuK, Hall;
Cnh/ni,,,. niiiwriihaclni, Brongniart; Bojrivhia tuber ndata, Kl.cden,'
ly|)ical exainfilcs, and in great abundance; /VocMid.^sp. iu.lt.
These beds are regar.led by Mr. Ami, by wh.im the fossils have been
examine.l and in part .ulUM'ted, as .■orresiion.ling to the Chat
Kiver limestones, e.inivalent to the iipimr jiart of the Chaleur
gr.Hip, an.l about e.inivalent to the lower part of the Lower Hel.ler-
l>enr formation. Dip S.(i.-)°K. (iO°. Thickne.ss about U) feet.
liedfaii.l green shale, in alternating bands, with green argilla.'eous
Kaii.lst.ines, The .lip of these beds where they overlie those last
memione.l is SJm'^E.vJ:,", their strong slaty cleavage having an
underlay of N.(i.^'^\V.<;80°, but in loll., wing liiem along the precipi-
tous fa.e .(f 111.' uioitntaiu, th.'y are loutid to fold over and exhibit
a dip N.-IO \V. -40°. They are also broken by a fault. Their
• ■stiniatc'l tbi.kness is l'*')feet
n
'JA ILE« « HclNNEl.]
LAKE TEMtSCOi ATA.
:;l Jl
io( ks, siijjjioseil to lie
MKTiipy nil tlie iipfcr
to iiiiicli crumpliii^r,
cliniilinii, tlioir ili|,..
7()°-8()°. They jiavo
inknowii.
11/ peliMes, iiiinj^led
iiidy matrix. Tliose
i 8|ince across tlie
ifS.(ir)°K<40" would
(MLM'eet.
'lieso rocks are jrrey
treous siuraceH, often
lions an^ pinkish or
ts. Tlioir thickness,
I feet, hut thoy were
^hi<■h, with an aver-
42(» feet.
eslone pehhlcs (with
ftvo a breadth offio
114 feet.
u.'-s about IC feet.
nd lenticular masses
!iese are the follow-
I sp. or l)i ndrdjiorti ;
; Stropliodmila tvri-
/»'. sp. indt. ; Alrijpa
dant, and including
II, M. didjirrM, Dal-
nhling (1. Acadini,
linnnm, with larfie
f .seven centinietre.s.
•/■Hmjlcntosui), Hall ;
lidiirailaht, Kloden,
III tux f sp. indt.
o fossils have been
idinp: to the Chat
irt of the Chaleur
tlie Lower Heldor-
iibout 10 feet.
^reen argillaceous
iy overlie those last
leava.L'e havin>.'' an
II idon^r the [>nH'ii)i-
d over and exhibit
by a faidt. Their
12') feet.
Coiiiloiiae I
•'•oliiiii of M;
\VM»ickbi'.l.-,
t.rey nodular Ini.eMone-., ron,s|,i.Mu,u.sly ,iivide<l livvertical joint, whicii
oton pmsent curved surfaces and pro.lu.ean ap,K.,ran.e resoni-
bl.n^that ul (luted columns. These be.ls rest diredh up,,.. ,|ie red
and ^rr.u,n shales, and are probably arched with them, but toward-
the southern end of the blull resume their normal dip y..M»K at -m
an^'le .,1 .,0, The columnar limestones, which .ontain but few
foHSils, have a thickness of about l(. feet, and are followed bv about
the same thickness of finely bande.l massive liuu-stoues bavin- -u
the top a /one. from one foot to IS i„,.|H..s thick, Idled with brairdi-
lUK corals, chielly /l.ms/A.v-itals,. hold.s shells of Alr./n, reticularis
■.indJ-eminurm. This is eapp.M by more •■olnmnar limestone^ the
whole bavin- an af,'i:r(M:atc thickness .,f about -,(i f,.^.,
<irey hard .sandstone, with be.ls of impure limest.„ie, the sandston.'.
contamiiiL' remains of Mcrlstellur, .,,^ ,■
<:irey nodular limestone, without oh.servcd fossils '"'o feet
<J rev banded limestone, filled with ....rals and other VosVil's VnciudinL'
Faro..,!,. <!nthlaudicm, Lamarck ; Sir„,da>d,mtamriMriaU,. fo.irad, in
K'oat abu.ulan.'e and formin- the typl.^al representative of the /one •
Oramrwjna, sp., resembling G. Vnnadeum, llilli,,-.; ,' M,v<n,d.ouu,
miilUoidm; Ewnnidudm, resembling,' a species obtained bv Dr. KUs
rom the Ibrks of the S.^anmenac river ; Lrin-rdUia. a „a;row reni'
Irom species, bavin- a len-tli two and a half times its breadth- Aire
ohtes (.') ,p iiuit ■ /aplnenth, sp. uull-Orllds sp, ,- l!h„n<'hondh
Jormom, Hall ; A'. Il%«»;, Sowerby ; R. nncMata .' Ilall'or a ^erv
cnsely allied speei.^s : M,ruta sp. .' Ptrrirua sp. ; Am,d,mto,,m. sp.'-
Me.jamhouui^,.; Orthonota >,^..- /„pcn/,Vm, sp. ; limricMn Klo.dmi
.N.werby or a variety of that species; Jki/rwlna]>p. allicl to B
■ nmlatn-a, Hall; n,nrirkia, a thin! s,H3cies, el.^vated and -lobose'
not recoK>n/e,l as a described form ; Cnhjmnu; like C. lilmnc,d,„rhii
-oroiifrniart- '
\^\r. Ami considers these fossils also to indicate the liori/on of the lower
iwrtion of the Lower Helderberg .series. The authors were assisfd
m the collection of tlio fossils by Mr. .Ami and Mr. W.T H Heed 1
lhickne,ss about .„, ^ '^
>.,. „ ,. ;50 feet.
<..ev 'irenaceous limestones ami saiulstones formin- the upper portion
ot Mt. Uissick.butslopin- to the level of the lake, with adipS.ro'F
<i:i . These hijrher beds contain c<,mparativel view fo.-sils amoo"
wbirh are the followin- : A stromatoiioioid form; criiioidal Irii:"
nicnts, 1,1 abundance ; t%w,tr., sp., a rather arcuate form, .smaller
than r. hova-Scolica, Hall, and lar-er than ( '. touiiMrintn Hall
re.sembhn- somewhat C. J/cA-nm,, Billings ; M,'rht,lla, si.. Their
suppo.se<l thickness is about 5,,,, ^^.^.j
The lieds may, the-elbre, bo correlated with ihc Lower Helil'erberKw
with the Ludlow formation of I'.ritain.
The emino.u.. of Ml. Wi.s.siek. including- -he above .section, is .ituatcd m, vv. i-k
on the oastef,, hkIo of Lake Temis< outa. near the an^lo between the"
lower urhl upper portions. 0„ tlio western side of the lake and onp,.
«.(e the mountain, the only -Ira.e of this .Teat .series of beds is ,', bo
.'12 M
NOuTIIEItN NEW HRINSWICK.
M'ljite .sand-
si one at Cahaiio
inmul in ii lew oiit<n.ps oftwsilitemiis sluile, oi'cumiig ..„ antl near the
Portage road, al.out a mile iiortli ward of the village of ("abano. Tlierc
i> in this village also a fonsidcrable mass of white sandstone or qiiartz-
jte, bearing mueh reseinblanee to that at the base of the niuuntain, but
it equallj' resembles other great masses of rock a few miles to the
north, whirh have been supi.osed to represent the Sillery formation of
th.' <,tuebee gro.ip. These liave a much liighor dip than any of the beds
of the mountain, ami ;--e probably correctly ref-^rred to the older
series.
B!rrmi'oi„t Jietween the highest beds of Ml. VVissick and those of lilach Point,
cDgiomeraies. the tirst e.Kposure to the .south, there is a sufficietu interval for 127(>
feet of sti-ata with the dip above given (Geology of Cana<la. p.ogc 421).
In the rocks of this point, however, and its rountorjiai't, Fiurnt Point, on
the opposite shore of the lake, not only does the character of the beds
become greatly altered, but their inclinaOion is greatly in.reased, the
Thicki,e.^f. '-''^'^^'^^ conglomerates of which they are composed now dipping S.50°E.
<50°. Notwithstanding the enormous thickness otih.se conglomerates,
by estiniate nearly 1,000 feet, they would appear to be (|uite local,
stretching eastward from the lako for a few miles only, and for a still
less <listance upon its western side, while there is but little to
represent them over other portions of the Silurian area. This fiict, in
frthrMv fault, connection with others to be presently noticed, favors the idea that these
conglomerates with some of the succeeding beds are older than those
of Mt. AVissiek and that the interval above alluded to marks the
course of an upthrow fault. So far as the conglomerate- are concerned,
we have failed, after repeated search, to tind in them any remains by
which their age can be detcrminiid*. In the soft, grey, slaty and sandy
beds which succeed them, we have, however been !iiore fortunate,
and have obtained a considerable number of fossils, which appear
to indicate that the beds belong to a lowei' horiz(m than tho-'e of
Mt. Wissick. These fossils wore collected (by [Messrs. Heed and
Ami. with the authors) upon the western shore of the lake just above
Pointe aux Trembles, and jiartly from the liard sandstones of the
point itself. From the shales were obtained crinoidal columns with
shells of Leptaena trannnrsalls, Dalman, a Mi/nchoni Iht, sp. indt. and
also an Orthoc.eras of small size-
In the sandstones were found the following species: —
Fospiliiii shiile.<
Poime-aux
Trembles
fossile;
POLYH.
Sfreptelaatna, sp. indt. A rather large orstraiglit form, show-
ing some resemblance to Petraia rustica of Billings.
"Fossils are said to liave been obtained from ttic limestone pebbles nl t),ese c(jnglomeratcs^
many years apo by Mr Jiillintrs, luit so Car we Imve failed to tind any.
fi*ILEY A MClNNEt.l
LAKE TEMISCOUATA.
:v.] M
urriiig (III )ukI near the
iiyeof ("iibano. There
to sandstone <iv quartz-
e of the iiiuuntain, but
k a t'ew miles to the
10 SillcT}- formation of
p tliaii anj- of the beds
reffire<l to tlie older
rhosi' of ]51aek Point,
lent interval for 12T(J
of Canada, prsfje 421).
rjiart, Hurnt Point, on
eharacter of the beds
li'rcatly increased, the
1 nu\vdii)iungS.50°E.
fthtse eonglomerates,
3ar to bo (|uito local,
Bs only, and for a still
lore i.s but littlo to
1 area. This fact, in
L)r8 the idea that these
; are oldei' than those
illuded to marks the
lerate- are concerned,
hem any remains b}'
grey, slaty and sanily
lieen luore fortunate,
bssils. which appear
rizon than tho»e ot
- Messrs. Eeed and
)f the lake Just above
d sandstones of the
inoidal columns with
honrlld, -ip. indt. and
■ie>: —
straight form, show
ica of Billings.
>blej "f tliese eonglomerates-
Brachiopoda.
Lingula, sp. indt.
Orthis sp. indt., apparently allied to (). hyhri.la, Sowerby, or
O.elegantuln, Dalman.
Plalystropldabiforata, Schlotheim, var. /(/«,■ |.'ich
Strophomena, s,,., of the type of ^. alteniata. t'onrad
hhynchoneWi, sp,
Triphsia .' sp.
GaSTEKOI'ODA.
Pleurotoinaria or P/atyostoma.
Murchlsonia sp., an apparently young shell, with compara-
M^-ely large body-chamber, and small acute spire.
Ptkropoda,
HyolUhes (Thecu) Ferine., Sharpe. A specimen which
^sembles the species found in the Silurian of Arisai^r
JN..S, and here identified with IF. Forhesi,
('EI'IIAI.0I'0UA.
Orthoceras, sp. indt.
These fossils suggest the idea that the rock, frotn which they were
obtamed are about the age of the Niagara Limestone
It IS important to notice in connection with the Points ■>„.• t 1 1
-Klstones the evidence which they appear V'^^^Z.;::^::^^^-
ous volcanic activity. This is, perhaps, partly indicated by the c u,
o the rock, which v.tries from green to rod and purple, but s mc)..;
.10 Hy seen ,n the abundance of epidolo with which the rod. is handed
and, in places its somewhat amygdaloidal aspect. Much of it is a c^n
..otnerate rather than a sandstone, the pebbles and paste being much
l.ke in character, and both somewhat porphvritic. The presence of
'«nds ot purplish black Jasper is also a tioticeable feature ^
The rocks above described, in addition to their somewhat conspicuous
•I.M.!ay on the shore of the lake at Pointo aux Trembles, are a 1 0^1
-■en along the course of the Tuladi Kiver, the first mile of this stream
■ .ng over the green and reddish sandstones, here dipping S.50-R <^^1
, wh.le at the Tuladi Falls and in the rapids ibove, the rocks are
1.0 grey sandy shales and sandstones, with Lrse gre; gr t o d.n.
Oagments of black slates and yellowish weathering dolomite havn"^
3
34 m
NORTHER.V NEW BRUNSWICK,
Foasils from
First Tuliidi
Lake.
Annelid trails
Following the course of the beds the same Mtruta come out upon the
shores of the First Tuladi Lake, where they again cr.ntain numerous
fossils, indicative of their ai;e. The tbilowing were ol-tained from soft,
grey shales, forming low ledges along the western shore of the lake,
about half a mile above the outlet, ami in a position corresponding to
that of the fossiliferous beds of Pointe aux Trembles :—
BaAcniopoDA.
Orthis hijbrida, Sowerb\-.
Orthis riabellulum .' var. ?
Spirifera or Pla<;/strophia, possibly P. bijorata. var. Iijnx, JOich.
Strophomenu, sp.
Lcptacna transrersalif:, J>nlmnn.
Rhynchonella. sp.
Pentaments ! sp.
Leptocoelia, sp.
Lamellibranchiata.
Modlolopsis orthonota ! Coni'ad.
Moiholopds. sp. indt.
Orthonota solenoides .'
Pterinea, sp. indt., showing coarse reticulate surface markings.
Gasteropoda.
Bucanl.a stiijmosa, Hall. Two typical examples.
Murchisonia Conradi, Hall, or a closely allied species.
MitrcMsonia, sp., like M. subulata.ConvSid.
Loxonema, sp.
Pleurotomaria of P. Axlon, Hall, with Hne cancellated mark-
ings on the shells, whicli ai-e well preserved.
Holopea, type of ^. Harmonia, Billings, but much smaller.
? Turbo Octarhtct, d'Orbigny, or T. carinatus.
Trilobita.
Portion of the pleuron of a trilobite.
These fossils probably indicate as low a horizon in the Silurian
system as the lower part of the Niagara formation, or perhaps the
Clinton.
Those shales are followed here, as elsewhere, bv sandstones corres-
ponding to those at Pointe mix Trembles. They re-appeai- also on the
south-eastern side of the lake, and are hero remarkable as containing
numerous tracks or trails of some marine animal, probablvofan anneliif.
These tracks resemble those known from the Silurian rocks of Western
ta come out upon the
An contain numerous
re oljtainod from .soft,
ern shore >>t' the lake.
Lion correspondiiicj to
les :—
oniia. var. /jjnx, FAcli.
te surface markinirs.
mples.
led species.
! cancellated raai'k-
iserved.
it much smaller.
tits.
on in the .Silurian
ion, or perhaps the
■ sandstones corres-
L'-a[tiiear also on the
kalile as containing
iliahlyofan annelid.
iM rocks of Western
BAIIRV 4 MclSNES.
Ontario, a,-. Jfar^i
I-AKK TEMISfOIATA.
'rua Of Arfhrophycus; al.-
those descrihod by Mr. Whitc-aves i
'(), aiH
35 Ji
in a marked di't-Tco,
nites As the Lake Tulad
i,aMuis last named, th
rom (Jaspt^, under the mune G
e name of (',
1 specimens most j)r.iliabiy l.eiomr (
minor is h
yrich-
o the
Mr. Whiteaves " ""' '" "'''"" **"^'^'*^'"'^^'^> f'"' ^fi^''! ''v
ai ii.s uasc, in a poMhon correspond ntr tothatofihe
^ a e. desenbed on Tuh.di L.ke. are numerous loos! .^ , . "f
■^hale and sandstone, in which lossils are numerous. Thev "S not ve • v r
preserved, but amon. them the following have been rec^ig.dlHt. ^'"^ ''''
Crinoidal fragments.
/^aphrentis, sp. indt.
Favosites.
Balysites ratenulatus, L,
Orthis, sp., of the type of O. hybnda, «.,wei'bv
iitrophomena, sp.
Lep1,vna transversalL<. Dalman.
Spirifrraplicatelln, var. rndiata, Soworbv.
(ioniop/iora, .sp.
StraparoUus, sp.
••' Jfolopea, sp.
*-,.e,;„„,<.«I„,,„uV..U.,.v.,.,.th,,,.,,,,,;;r: e^^L^^
tiiuna indicative of a lower
honV.on. "\V(
Hence
rc-ardtheMt. Wissickiauitand
beds as having been brought to the'suH;u.;i,y ^ tSuilt nimdm! just north "'-"'"-'t^-
of and parallel to ,ho conglomerates of Black and Mnm, .^ , .
would thus become the ,rue base of the S i."H^st m ^XVu""
iaot that the strata of Mount Wissiek J'::::::^^:^;, ,.f l^'l^ ^
cate tha this break occurre.l prior to the deposition of the Mon t
W.ssick beds, and hence tha. the lower and u,,per po"t o of Ibe S
mn system are here unconlormable. Compar'l J t^ ^^r , ^n ^
Cxaspo peninsula, tho.se of Mount Wis.sick are eviden tlv the .t,
-ntatives of those on the south side of the Shick:;:;r3Io.;nL::f:;
36 m
MOUTIIKUN NEW JIKINSWIOK.
Prubable aRe
of tlif slates.
m
#
the Chatto and Matanno rivors, as alHo of tho.sc on Lal<o Mctapedia
tho Mens and Einiouski rivc.-H. Jn thi« peninsula, a^ i,, Mount
W.ssick, (ho lower division of the system appears to be wanting
The rocks which immediately succeed the Pointc aux Trembles,
iuladiand Squatook sandstones, reCeri-od to the Niagara formation
are the dark grey bluish-weathering and more or less calcareous slates
which occupy the whole of (he soud.ern part of Lake Temiscouata as
well as tboMadawaskaEiverand a large section of the St. John thence
extending east and west over a large portion of northern New IJruns-
w.ck and Aroostook county, Maine. The position of those slates in
the hilunan system has not been certainly <lotermined. At no point
has their actual contact with the Pointe aux Trembles sandstones been
observed, nn<l though appearing to dip off from these, and conformably
.so (SM'-E.-^-O^), (hey arc everywhere so exteusivelv crumpled that
but little reliance can be placed u|)on their attitude. Over (ho -reater
part of the area covered »y them, they seem to be mostly destitute ot
fossils, and when these do occur, they are usually too few or too poorly
preserved to in.iicate with certainty the exu.'t horizon of the beds
which contain them. Tho general aspect of these fb.ssils, howevei- as
indicated in earlier reports, is that of tho Lower Holderber- group
and this and other facts render it probable (hat they represent the
upper and more shaly portion of the Gaspe limestone series, being pos-
sibly the deep-water representatives of tho latter. The only points
where a lower horizon would appear to bo indicated are the vicinity of
the S.egas (or Shiguash) Eivcr, in Victoria county, N.B., and part of the
valley of the Aroostook Jliver, in northern Maine. As each of these
localities hasatlorded us some information not obtained by previous
authors, and as they have important bearings upon the -eology of the
whole ix'gion in which they occur, we now propose to sjive some of th(^
results of their recent exploration.
Section in vicinity of Siegas River, Victoria r'a., ^.B.
Siegas River I" " ^ieology of Canada, 1863," p. 426, a section in tl.e vicinity of the
conglomerate, siegas I.'iver is given, of which the most remarkable feature is the occur-
renco of a coarse conglomerate, said to bear much resemblance to that of
Black Point on Lake Temiscouata. It is, however, verv much thinner
than tho latter, the conglomerate proper not exceeding fifty feet and
IS further characterized, in addition to pebbles of limestone,' sei-
pontine tind jasper, which are in various positions, by what appear to
be disjointed portions of limestone layers from half an inch to four
inches in thickness and sometimes four feet long, which lie parallel to
the stratification and occasionally curve with it. Tn following the beds
c on Lake Mctapedia,
ninsula, a- in Mount
i'8 to be wantinjjf.
Point.' anxTrcniblcK,
he Niagara formation,
•r leH8 calcareous slates
■ Lake Temiscouata, as
of the St.. loiin, thence
' nortliern New Bruns-
tion of those slates in
rinined. At no point
iinblob sandstones been
hcso, and confoi'mably
5usivelyci'utnpied that
dc. Over tlio gi-eatei-
bo mostl3' destitute of
■ too few or too poorly
horizon of the bods
so fossils, however, a»
L'r Holderberg groujj,
It thoy re]>rcsent the
ione series, being pos-
er. The only points
;ed are the vicinity of
', N.B., and part of the
e. As each of these
obtained by previous
n the geology of the
to give some of the
ia ('o., jS.B.
in the vicinity of the
3 feature is the occur-
osomblanee tothatof
', very much thinner
eding fifty feet, and
* of limestone, ser;
, by what appear to
lalf an inch to tour
which lie parallel to
n following the beds
^*,uy*Mc,N»M.] IPPER ST. .lOHN AM- AROOSTOOK SErTf.,N. :{7 ,r
u,)on their strike these limestone bands or lasers iturease in number
and, with only thin, shaly partings, finally coalesce, or nearly so, int.i
n bed, about fortv feet thick, of tolerably pure lim.-stone, used fur
barnmg; m which, however, each layer is still divided bv numerous
ran8ver,se breaks, into separate blocks. In ihefeaturos thus described
hey appear to nearly resemble a portion of the (Jaspd section, as
described and figured on page :{92 of the " Geology of Canada " We
have been unable to fin.l any fossils in thes. conglomerates, thou-.h
th.y are stated m the wo.'k last referred to to eontain them, in the
e-xannnation, however, of the sandstone beds which are associated with
^nd succeed the conglomerates on the south, we have found a fossil Ko-i.^ from'
resembling the y^aphrenL, from Squatook Mountain, together with u,, '^'o*- «'-'
rema.ns of an Ort/,s and a .Strophomena, apparently S rho,nl.ou/.Uis,
W.lckens These fossils, together with the character of the sa-.d-
stoncs which ave often coarse and mo,e or less vesicular, and nearly
resemble those of Pointe-aux-Trembles, render it very probable that
they are the equivalonts of the latter, and belong to the lower or
Niagara portion of the Silurian system. Their dip, like that of the
<=ong omerates, is vertical (S. 40^-45- E. < -lO"), and their breadth
about a f urlonu. Heyond those are exposures of blue slates, which at
about the sa, . distance, are succeeded by a second set of limestone
beds, much like the tirst but purer, and which are also in a vertical
position, with an exposed brea.lth of loO feet. To these limestones
succeeds the valley of the Siogas, beyond which there are no expos-
ures as far as Grand liiver. South of Grand River the ro.ks are
^gain slaty, grey, green ami red argiljitos, with thin hematitic hands-
their dip being N. 40'^ W.-\ 80"'. '
C'pper St. John and Aroostook Section.
With the several sections of the Silurian basin which have now been Uppor St, Joha
!,iven, and which lie wholly within the territorial limits of Canada we dion"""""''
may hnally compare still another. This section is parallel to but west/
ward of that last described. It erosses parts of Quebec and New
Brunswick, and also a considerable portion of northern Maine Its
comparison with those already given is desirable, not only from the
pecuhar geographical position of a portion of New Brunswick which
'«, as It were, dovetailed between Quebec and Maine, but from
tiie further fact that in the county of Aroostook, in Maine the
•Jac.hties for tho study of the Silurian system are exceptionally good
<ind help to throw much light upon the same system as developed in
'.idjacent parts of Canada.
38 M
NonXIIKHN NEW URir.NsWK i;
St. Loiiifi lie
Iln ! lU:
In poHMng to the westward fron. J^ak. Temim.ouata. ,.u,. 1. .iim.ultv
■s expeneneecl fn.m .he a,n.pa..atively lovd cha.a.to,. .„ , o , ^
and the want o. ox,..,su,.cs. i„ dotonnini„K the .-harace,. of the io •'
lym. roc-ks, ,.,. fixn.g .l.eir ,.,.o,,cm. hoanciaric.. It i. how. " u i ^
ai!uS -'•;""7''''^ •'- -'•"-... linnt or the Silurian .y.^orn. as giv. L '" !
Kd.a,..lson (R.,,o,.t of P,-,.,.,.. ism-,U, ,4, ,3,) i^ both on J
rem,.oo„ata ^,ad und a,ain .,n the S.. I-Vanns. somewhat on. of pine
As rogards ,h. h,st nanu.d road, .he oon.ac. line wi.h the QdKv
g.-on,nsbot dos.-..hed and n.a,,,o.i as correspond in. n.arh ,
.sn,„of.heUnr,,.to„..u..i,e.postinthe.etl.^
II... Ila. No, only, however, are the sla.es a, .his point C'ami.ro
^.lunan rather than Silnrian, hnt tor three nUles soa.h- as.war f t
great roe.sof wlute sandstone a,.d rod sla.es are e.vposed to view wh c
|ue u,Kinesnonably a part of the lorn.er s,..en, ; tie .rn. line'.f e
act ,.s probably not n.ore .ban a n,ile nor.hward of the vill ,-0 f
Cab no. .0 on the 8.. Fr..H,s, the lin.iting line between the Co
Pohene.„.,,„u ^>>tems,.s placed a. ,lu. head ot Pohencgamook or Bonndarv Lake
whereas .t« rue p.st.ion, as correctly represented in ihe .n.^lo-.y .f
Canada (i>. 4 0) .s .o.ewhere near and probably below the foot o^t't
lake The roeks wlucl. border Pohet.egamook Lake, even to its
southern extremuy, are certainly chose of ,ho (Quebec group, so called'-
but n, explonng the adjacen. c..„t,y. the only beds b^- .- id, ^ I e-
g.nn.ng ot the Silurian co.dd be determine.! were Certain whm.h.
CabanoP„rn,«e7;';'"^'''"« •^'^>»'->ones which outcrop on a small l,ro„k in the vicinitv
of Cabano Portage. These appear to be lying at a verv low ang 1
w'irbutV>t '■"'"'.•''" ""''^" ■""'■^'"" " the- base of Mount
WisKk, hut no trace of anyas,soeiatod limestones orofanvtossiliferouM
strata could be found, and beyond .he fact of their being Silurian I ft e
can be sa.d as to their relations. S.ill fu,,her west simih.,. dim u 0.
Elf-M^r' ']''■' '"«^ -'•'' "1-n the Jiig Hlack and Little HIack rive x ^p
that upon the latter, whi..!, is ,br the most part very tortu'ous ad
boundary of the hdttnan occurs at its Junction with it. main or north-
east branch about hfteen miles from the St. John Hive,-. The rocks ut
th:s ponu eonsi.st of dark purplish grey to black ar.d somewhat graphitic
slates. associated with beds of hard grey grit or sandstone whith L in
part conglomerates, and hold numerous fragments of black slate. Their
dtp IS &. 60^> !■:. . 0-0^ These are supposed to be of Silurian age. b t
d.ffer u. nnpor.ant respects from any portion of this svsten. elsewhere
seen We were unable to penetrate above this point' upon the Little
lilack for want ot water.
To the south of the line above described, the whole country between
the lower half of lem.scouata Lake and the Madawaska JJiver upon the
IJiver.
!?-*»
ouiUii. mil. li (iiifirult\
meter m il,e I'durUry,
liaiiictcr of the urider-
It i>, however, quitt^
■^toin. as given by Mr.
I 13!)^ is, both on the
omewhiit out of place,
line with the Quebec
>n(iin,-- /leariy to the
'inentof St. Louis de
I fills point Ciirnbro-
'-oiith-easlward of it
xposed tr. view which
the true line of con-
iinl of the vilhin-c of
3 helweeii these two
or Boiiiiilary Laiie,
1 in I he (Jeology of
below tlie foot of the
Liilv-e, even to its
bee group, so called;
ds by wbieh the l»e-
pre certain whitish-
I'odIc ill the vieinitv
yoiy low angle and
the base of Mount
r of any tbssiliforous
being .Silurian, littlft
it similar difficultios
^laclc I'ivei's, except
t very toituous and
' mark the nortiierii
h its main or north-
liver. The I'ocks at
somewhat graphitic
Is; one wliich are in
f black slate. Their
Df Silurian age, but
s system elsewhere
int upon the Little
le count!'}- between
iska Kivei' upon the
iipiicrSt. Jolin.
B.,u**Mr,NNts.] II'PER ST. .lOIlN .\M) AIluusTOOK SECTION. ;!«) m
one side, and the valley of the upper St. .lolu, .,n the other, appears to,.wte„«,.„
U, entire^- ccupie.! by .,aty strata. The .ongiomerates I.f Black yJS';
Point and t. o sandstones of I'ointe au.x Tremble, .-an be traced for .i "''''^"•
short distance only, to the westward of the lake, and unle.s the tWrmer
be represented by the beds referred to hove on the Little Hiaok are
wholly wanting to the westward, an are also the limestones of Mount
\\ issicv The exposures of the slafs on t he other hand are numerous,
especially along the valley of the St. .lohn where they wcrefreouenti;
o^erved as high as the Seven Island, eighty-tive miles Sibov^ Seven I.,a„a.
Ldmundston. Pbey present m this distance but verv little variation
e.vcept that they occasionally inclu.le beds of sandstone and have u
nearly uniform bluish-black or dark-grey colour, which, by weathering
becomes greenish, or by action of water somewhat reddish in aspect
Ihoy are only slightly calcareous bu. are not unfre.juently micaciou.s'
their dark-green colour being apparently the result of (ineh- dissemi-
nated chlorite. .Owing to their strong slaty cleavage the tnie din is
not always easily made out, but when this i« di>tinctlv discernable i't
.s^ usually at prettyhigh angles and sometimes nearly ;er(ical or with
ai.rupt and intricate plications. Their western limit was not' reached i,„ut of
on the main St. John, but from such information as we have becr.ble '''""'"' '^"
to obtain we think it probable .but this limit i> not far from and 'ins "
tegcneral course of, the International Boundary, crossing the .sourc'e.s
nt he Big Blaek Tliver and the north-west branch of the St..Iohnafew
miles west of Seven Islands. .
Aroostook Counf}/, ALiin,.
comtrir" If'"' '" '^" rr""''""^ ""•' "'•^'^""■^ "'"'^ '^^^ •'«•- River Aro^ook
c unpusing the county of Aroostook, Maine, is, like the adjacent parts''^""'"'
olvew Brunswick, largely occupied by slates. The v cover the whole
of the northern part of that county as seen on Fi;h River to Ka.rle
Lake, and on the Alleguash Ibr fifteen or twenty miles from its mouth
and, with the possible exception of Mars Hill, are the only rocks seen
along the International boundary as far south as Houlton"; but a few
miles to the westward these slates are interrupted bv several bands
which are qu' ditlerent in character if not in age, and which are of
much interest eir bearing upon the geology of New Brunswick and
<iuebec.
The first of these areas is a trough, or series of troughs, havin- apis,, «;..„
generally north-east direction and a length of about thirty miles extend ^»^«^
ingfrom Long Lakoat the extremity of the eastern branch of Fis'h River
through Second or Mud, Cross, Square orSedgewick and Eagle Lakes to
.\adeau or Upjier Lake on the main or south-western branch of the same *
40 m
NORTHERN NEW HRI N8WICK.
S'lUarn I.akc
limestone.
Paper by
£. BilliiiKs
Stream. At vaiiou. points along the shores of thono lakes tho rocks are
dark grey, bluish-woathorir.g slates, not ditloring fro.a those which
eisevvhero charactori.o tho Silurian system, but with these occurs also
a tolerably well-dotincd belt, consisting in part of re.idish and chocolate
brown shales and in part of grey grits and c-onglomerafs, which are
more or less fossiliforous and have associated with them beds of impure
limestone, some of which ab<.und in o.ganic remains. The best ex-
posures of these limestones are on Square or 8e.lgowick Lake (near the
m.ddle of Its western side) where their existence and fossiiiferous
character was first made known by the officers of the Maine Stnta Sur-
vey in 18G2. I n the following year a valuable paper de.scriptive of the
organic remains found in this locality, was published by Mr. E Billines
in the Journal of the Portland Society of Natural History. In addition'
to critH-alremarkH ui)on Silurian and Jlevonian fossils from various parts
ot Maine, this paper contains figures and identifications of twontv-Lht
species, fifteen of which were therein described tor the first time
As this work was therefore essentially Canadian, and as the only more
recent explorations of the locality have been those of tho Canadian
survey and as we have been able in our collections not onlv to recoe-
nize all the forms described by Mr. Billings but to add several additional
species including at least two more forn.s which are new, we think it
but right that the complete list of these interesting and often typical
remains should be given here.
tt'lTe. C!ataloooe of Fossils from Square Lake (Lake SeoGEWtcK)
Aroostook County, Maine.
zoophyta.
Zaphrentis, sp. ir.dt.
Favosites Gothlandicus, Lamarck.
POLYZOA.
Fenestella, s]».
Brachiopoda.
Fholido/is ovata ? Hall.
Or this discus, Hall.
" eminens ? Hall.
" ■ftrophomenoides, Hall.
Streptorhynchus perplanum :■' Conrad.
m
4>«IIIV A naHHtt J
FOSSILS PROM SQKARK LAKE.
lakes tho rocks are
from thoHe which
h thene occurw aluo
Idish and chocolate
meratfs, wliich are
lom bed.s of impure
ains. Tho host ex-
ick Lake (near the
and fossiliforouM
e Maine SUita Sur-
• dewcriptive of the
liyMr. E. BillingH,
story. In addition
from various parts
•ns of twenty-eight
for the first time.
i as the only more
of tiio Canadian
not only to rocog-
several additional
new, we think it
and often typical
E Sedoewick)
41 M
Strophodonta pmctulifera, Conrad.
■>S(ro/,fiomena r/iomfjoidalLs, Wiickons.
" indentata, ('onrad.
Spirifera marropUura, CJonrad.
" perlamellosa, Hall.
" modesta .' Mali.
'■ sp. inJt.
Athyris Ilarpali/c,:, Billings.
" Blanchi, Hillings.
MerUteUa iieris, Vanuxeni,
Rei:ia dubui, Billings.
" Electro, Billings.
'• formcMi, WiiW. (Hp.)
Hippolyte, Billing .
Atrypa retiruhirls, \..
Rhynchmella Mainensis, Billings.
bialceata, Hall.
allied to R. Aspami, M., and A'. ■tltipU.'.itu Hull
.' Renssel<xria Portlandica, BillingH.
Lamellihranchiata.
Pterinea, sp,
Gasteroi'ooa.
Platyceras rentricosum, Conrad.
tenuiliratum, Hall.
" diUitutum, Hall.
" retrormm, Hall.
" ctinu'rostrum, Hall.
CEI'OALOl'onA.
Orthoceras riyidum / Hall.
Oncoceras. ^^. indt.
Trilobita.
Proetus Junius, Billings.
" Jfacrohius:' Billings,
'■ n. s|»,
Brontius PompUius, Billings.
Phacops Trajanus, Billings.
Lichas BUlimjM, N. sj).
LeperdiHa, sp.
FoiiiU rrooi
S<iuara Lake.
42 H
NoRTIIKKN NEW BKI NHWICK.
J^lll! Ijiko
KavU' Uikc
Maine repi
No Oilier rdclxK aio ■.con in immctliiito coniiortiou witli iIicm' lituo-
BtcnoH on Sodjrowick Uko, but on hcvoial of the assnriated lukoH and
OM tlu> i.iforvcninL' •' flioioii^'hraros " uio fwU wliid. .ar t bo vcrv
far rc-jiiovotl iioni thorn in aj,'o. OnLon^' Lake, tlio most oastorly
•>f tlii> .hain ot" depressions, and whicli in not moro ilian s.^von miloH
from til,. St. John Rivor, I ho rockH are ohioHy slaty, and much the
-amo ill rharacter as on the lattor stroam, hut on a small island near
its head iMcliidc also lodgch of soft and ruhhiy dark .i,'roy sandHtono.
from which was .ihiaiiu.l the j.yj^idium of a tril.'hitc. TIicho sm.d-
-t..ncs arc holiovcd tu mark tlio castorn oxtremily of a holt of rocks
which oNtends all thc.wa.v from Long J.ako to Hagle Lake, hut whicji
is bent seen upon the lattor. Tho exposures at Ka-lc Lake arc in a
scries of Miitls which form its eastern t*horc about a mile below the
entrance ol tl fhorouirhfuro" from S.|uaro Luke, and present Ihc
;(dlowiiitr apparently aweondin^' section :—
lin.unish led shales and c(.n>.'IonierHte.s. The latter are iirodiiced by
the ciiclo.sure in tiie shales of nunierons small nmiided pebbles anil
one very lai-e ir^.•^'llhlr mass, la feet by 4 feet (iwssibly a lenticular
lied), which are- themselves ionp;loiiioriifes nr coarst^ jrrits. cdntain-
, in« numerous particles ufjireen, re<l aiul black j,hh\k'.\\ as well as
s,.r|,eiuine, ininjrlcd with the remains of shells, coraN and (riiioida.
r.rowiiish-re.l coiifjrlonierates, similar to the above, but containiui; less-
shale, the pebbles mostly small, and with few fc-isils.
Hard and tine grey bull- weathering.' sandstone aii.l grits, showiiiL' casts
of iriiinicN oil weathered snrface.s.
I.»ark->.'rey saiulstones aii.l shales, much contorted and tille.l with seams
lit spar, tlu^ joint surfaces often somewhat pliimbat'lnons.
I'ark-trrey slates, holdinj; obscure remains of plants.
r.riirht red slates and dark rubbly slates.
l'ark-;rrcy, liluish-weatherint,' slates, of the ordinary Silurian tyjie.
All of the above beds have a north-westerly dip, and though not form-
ing tin absolutely continuous section, ai)pea.'' to be all memterB of one
group. Similar beds are seen at intervals also along the S([uare Lake
thoroughtiire ami a-ain on th;,i by which Fisli River flows Irom Nadeau
Lake near .;:e roa<l to .Fort Keiu. They are a part of the series which
in the Maine reports is described and map|)ed as Devoniiin. and the
occurrence in the shales of gritty ])ebbles containing Silurian fossils
(Farosites, AlceoUte.<, JVemafopora, aurtcte.^ and crinoidal stems), would
seem to give some support to this conclusion, but as similar grits are
interst ratified with the shales and also contain similar fossils, it is quite
as probable that all are contemporaneous and all Silurian. It may be
aiided that the whole series beais a most marked resemblance to tho
bedsof the lieccaguimie river, in Oarleton county, New Brunswick,
(described in Report of 1882-84) and which are undouhtediv Silurian.
!J-t..
MIIIV * MilNNIt.]
AKuuSTniiK idl ^|•^'^■, MAINH.
t;: .M
slidwiiiL' cai^ts
About, twenty mile t„ the >u,ul. ,.f tl,. ,1..|.,v.mo,. ,„■ ..., ios uC,|.. ., , ,
p.;..H,ons above .l,...!!.,!, a...l .l,.ai,K..I 1^- ,|.e ohm iuund, of VllJ'^'^-^''-
Ihvo,., ,. the approximately paraild eunt uud w.st depn.-M,,,. oecM,,.!..,!
by bo AmostooL Tb.. intn.vc.nin, tn... ...,.pio.l I'v ..on,.,.,, H -
HKbar.l broken lund wbid., bowover, is ah .■ompi;.,..ly i ,.,,,,.,„;
by the Ho,ah-we«torly or main brand. .,f IVb Risvr. .n,iui,i,.b ibus
serves to reveal to ^ome extent tbe ^n... ral , baiaH..,,,- ,|.,. ,,„.,,. ,..,„.
Lake, aiosoim.wbat various, ^ome ronsi>,in. of coarse. r-Misb .r,ov
con^lon.erates, boNin^ pebbles of «rey and re-l iMsi-e a-.l red i.^.e;
"nubuv.n^M. .nod..rately low .lip (N. ;;„.) ,vbile „tbers are barj
«.ey tels.Kc an.i dioritie rocks assoeiate.l w„|, bard ^^reeni^b-.w .nd
itMldishor purplislijaspoiv slates Willi a dip \ . s„. ~ "
It i.alto.etber probable tbat tbe for, • a.e of ,be snne eastbe. ,< „,,
^;n«lon.erates of Lo„. and Ka.le L.kes, and like ,be la,u.r p-.^-innd^ly ?''"
S.ur,an butthe.r,.elations to tbe e.y.taliin.. and siiiHoul roek" on '^ '
wlHcb tbey rest and fion, ubieb ,be,r n.a.erial b„s evidentiv be..,.' de-
nved, would seen, to indicate tbat we bav be,-e anotbe,. oJdVr and un-
''"■'tonnable lo,.mation. From somewba, similar la,... observed else-
wbce, as (or instance on ,be river Alle^n.asb at ( •bu.cbill Lake, we a,e
.i.sposed to .•e..a,.d tbese latter as ei.ber Pan.b.o ,S,i„rian or possibly
've,. Cambrnm. It may, bowcve,: cventnallv tarn on. ,bai tbev .•e,.,-e
.sent tbo ve,y lowest portion of tbe Siiu.ian sys.e.n. wbicb in sou.bern
.Now Mrunsw.ck p>-c,cnts tbe sa.ne silicioas and vojeani,- .ba.acer bu,
wlucb bas not been elsewbc^e obs..rv..,l in tbe ,norc nortberlv portions
'.t tbat province. Tbe iele,-enee of tbe eon.^domcates to iC Silurian
.•oee.ves some conHrmation from tbe fact tbat mi,l way b..,wcen Xadcau iV.iu.r.n,.
and lo,ia-c Lake .•oaiw-g.x'y, -ritty limestones, similai- u, tbose of ''"'"■^""'"■
.^edgewiek Lake, a.v a^ain me, n!,!, ,„.i |i|,, ,|,„,„ ,.,„„,,;„ ,.,.,,,.^j^^^ ^^_.
;^<)ral.s, shells and cunoids. T dip l,e,-o is S. .-.,.■ K M^FnU,,,,-
,'f , '';^'"; -•': ;''« «*'•«"'» ^^ '-->"<'-'. "'■'■ ^laty ...cks wMcb a,.. ,.ubbly
■"Ml bilcd Witb conc-ctionary lay.-.-s, recallini^- tb.. beds seen a, tbc
'^aste,-n extremity of Lou.,. Lake. No otber exposures a.r s.^en on this
sti'cam as far as Porta-. Lnkc.
Between tbe hoa.l 't Porta.,.. Lake and tbe .\r....>ionk JJivcr the
•Itstance ,s ten ,nilcs. Neither on tbe lake no,, aior.o- this por.a.re have
we had any .pportnnity of making. exten-L-.i examinatio.ws It
would appear. .nvcv,.r, tbat about tbe fo,.mer tbe ......ks a.'c .bicHv.
•■■appean, fbi min^^^ a porti.a, ot an extensive belt of such rock, which is a"K3." ^'"''
very conspicious about tbe uppe,. Alleguasb lakes (Cb.u.chill an.i Spider
lakes) and about the head-waters of the Aroostook, tt in. ludes the
somewhat p.on.inent chain of the A.-oostook mountain., an.i ,i,enco ex-
lends eastwardly to and bey..nd Porta-e Lake on Fish I?iv,.,. BCvccn
44 m
NOKTIIKHN NEW llRrNSWICK.
ff'oSHJU oil
this hiUo and tlic Aroostook ul Asliliind, tlic rocks uvo partly slates and
partly conglonu-ralos which ai-o Letter seen in the valley of the first
named stream hetwoon Ashland and l'resi|nilo.
The strata to he first noticed occur in the village of Ashland. Just
opposite the hotel, in this village, is a hnv ridge of limestone, which
was ai one time (iinirried for hurning, hut is now mostly concealed by
soil. Tiu'sc lied- were described to us as being almndantlv fbssili-
ferous and there is little <lcubl that, like the Sriuare Lake rocks and
like other beds to be presently noticed, they are of Lower Ilelderberg
age. Just .south of ami beneath them, on the road to Masardis, are
othoi- ledges <dgrey butV-weathering .sandstone alternating with grey
rubbly shales and holding soft CMimbling ocbr(ious hands which are
tilled with crinoid stems and other organic remains. Among the latter,
but poorly preserved, are the following :—.' /U/'^/jrt rcti'ularis, L. ;
Orthis; a laniellibranchiate shell, most probably a, Cijpricardinia:
Entonia, s]>., and S/)iritera, sj).
The course of these beds is a little soutii of west, and in this direction
thoy run towards the Aroostook Ifiver. not far from which, and at a
distance of three-cpiai-tcrs of a mile from Ashland, the limestones again
crop out .>n the farm of Mrs. Adams. From these beds the following
fossils, of Lower Heiderberg ago, wore collected : —
Stromatopora.
Farosltrs Gothhmdiciis, Jiamarck.
Polypora Psiicke f Hillings.
Strophodnnta punrtulifera, ('onrau.
Strojihovimi rhom/widalis, Wilckens.
^ft■risf(l (iri'iuita. Hall, (line specimens.)
Murchiiioni(t, sj),
Loxmema Fitvhi, Hall.
Pldtyceras, sj).
These limestones arc not expo.sed in the channel of the Aroostook,
but not fur from where they should appear, the right Imnk of the river,
thrce-(iuarters o| a mile above Ashland bridge, shows ledges of grey
Piiuit remaiiij. and flaggy calcareous sandstones, tilled with what appear to be
earboniztHl remains of plants. Their dip is VV.<8(»° The next rocks
seen in descending the stream occur about a mile below the bridge and
are a continuation of similar beds, better exposed at the Mill on the Big
Machias. They aic griy slaty sandstones, so calcareous as almost to
deserve tiie name of limestones ; associated with tliom are beddotl gi-oy
and i)utr-weathering arenaceous slates, tlipping N.S0«'W.-^70'-'.
Foriaili Iniiii
Mrs. Ailiini'!'
tarui.
River.
ULtV ± M' INNCS.]
rtly slates and
'V of tlio first
shliirul. Just
estoiio, which
concealed by
(liuitly fbssili-
kf rocks and
'V Iloldorberg
Masardis, are
lu; with groy
lIm which arc
mg tlic latter,
'tirularis, L. ;
Jypricardinla :
this diiection
iiich, and at a
estones again
iho following
AROOSTOOK roiMY, MAINK.
4:. M
e Aroostook,
of the river,
dgcs of grey
|ipoar to he
! next rocks
bridge and
ill on the Big
as almost t<>
bedded grov
About one nnic au.l a half further down, the >horo >h..w. iod-a- of,. , ,
red, green and grey slates, forming a low arch, with iMJip X 'iO^^W "'''•""'""
s.nkingfn.m .J;V' .0 :30-. Similar roeks Lu'ludin.- there hods uf grey'
calcareous conglomerate cross the Ashlan.i road not far from the village'
10 these, at a .iistance of a quarter ot a nule. su,.eced hanl grey sand-
stones, ,lip,,i„g |.;,,,Jo-, which, with bluish weathering slates, continue
to occur at intervals, as far as a point about llfrce miles above IJeaver
l5rook. The only fossils ob.serv...! in them were .•rinoids, contained in
soft rusty and gritty beds, much like those in Ashland, iralf.. milebelow
the last exposure ,.f these sandstones the next meks are Ibund t,. be .
q-i.te d.flerent in character, being very coarse eon^lomera.e^ liHed -^^^m",,,,.
with large and w,.||-roumled pebbles of melamorphie rocks, ineludin.-
red syenite, grey .iuart/,ilc, iH.rphyry and amvi^-.laloid, as well as -reen
and black siliei.uis slates an.l jasper. The beds .are ma.ssive and as
indicated by liurr layei;s, dip .piiK- rca-ularly .•>: ,sn K r^{)^- rpi^^..^,
.'onglomcrates constitute a very striking feature i„ .he gj. y „r
"orthcrn .Maine, being exposed at various points b„tb northwest'and
south-cast of the Aroostook IJiver, while larg.. buulders .lerive.i (here
from are thickly strewed over the adj.aeent counti ■^ . ( )„ the road from
Ashland to (-astle Jlill, and fnur miles from the former, where they
[orm somewhat proniineni ridges, ,hey ,„ay be seem to be overlaid
by the grey sandstones and grits, now dipping N.-.20". ami tbrmin-r -i
portion of a low fold. "^ '
On the Aroobiook also, the next succecMiing I.ed.s, about half ;
1 mile. Sir
11 nil. r^ - t ....11 .1 illl llj .Stniltl
bolow the last exposures of t he conglomerates, are sandstones, but here tu?l\",
(heir dip is ata still lower angle, being only f." or 10° in a S.S.H. ,liree-;:;„V7r»"-
tion In the Maine ge<.h.gi,al reports both the eonglomerates and ^''''•'■'^''■' '
samisfones arc represented as being p<.rtions of long belts of such rocks
crossing (ho stale, and regarded as of Oriskany or Devonian a-c ]5„(h
(he ..haracfer of the rocks, however, and their organic remains would
seem to in.i.calc that their true position is very mmh lower and that
ti.ey aro (he probable c,,uivalents of the I'.iinie aux Trembles and
luladi rocks of I he Temiscouala seel ion, or of those oftheSebMs Ifivcr
described above. The ..andstom.s possess the same ve.scicularoramy...
<l»l<H<ial aspect, are similarly marked by (he oecurrence of numerous
Nmall fragments of black slate, with others of serpentine, and contain
in addition to carbonized vegetable remains, diolls which appear to
indicate a iiori/.on about that of the Niagara formation.
aro the following : —
ippe
Among these
Impression of a coral, resembling /■\iro.'<ites.
Impression of a Miyozoon, probably Callopora.
Orthis, sp.
lMi.i.«ilB friJin
Arocstook
Uiver.
4(i M
NORTHERN NEW nRUNSWICIC.
Sfr('pt<irl,yn('hu.< snbplanv.. .' C'onriul.
Strophomena rlmnboidabf, Wilckeiis.
Spirifera. sp., like S. radiata. Srnvcrliy,
Atrypa reticularis. L.
Hhiinchonella, sp.
Cornulites, like ('. CUnioni, lliill.
Limestones of
peculiar
structure.
lo'siimin""'' ^" *^'" ^''■'''" '^'^"'^ "^ ^^^^ Aroostook Ijoluw Eeavcr Brook, both the
Brook. coniilonioratcs and saiulMtoiios reappear at intervals for a mile or two,
their low inclination (from 1(!° to 30"^) and varying direction of dip
indicating a succession of low tl>ids. These are still more ccnspicuous-
Ij seen in the slaty mcks which then succeed and horder the river for
the greater part of the distance to Salmon lirook in Washl.urne. These
slates are mostly dark hluish grey, hut often have a pale greenish cast,
which is heightened hy weathering. They include thin layers of grey
sandstone, and in places also thin layers of dark-blue compact lime-
stone. These are especially noticeable as presenting precisely the
same peculiarity as that already noted in the case of tiie limestones on
the Siegas in New Brunswick, viz., that of their being transversely
broken into distinct and separate blocks, as if by a series of vibrations,
and leave little doubt that they are a continuation of the same beds.
The green and I'cd slates are similarly an" extension of those noted
on the south side of Grand Jtiver. X.B. For much of the distance the
folds are so broad and low as to be almost flat, but at times there is an
abrupt transition from these to plications of a much steeper and more
complicated character. Xeai- the Salmon Brook the slates contain, as
first noticed by I))-. Chns. T. Jackson, beds of slaty hematite, another
feature in wbicii tiiey rcsi'mble those of Grand River, as well as tho.se
of Jacksontown. near Woodstock. It is highly probable that, with the
latter, they are tlie representatives of the ("linton group of the New
York system.
.15etween the mouth of Salmon Brook in Washburne and the town of
Presquiie, the banks of the Aroostook, which here flows south-easterly,
are mostly occupied by intervales, the ordy exposure seen being of
syenilic rock, und„ibtedly intrusive. Betwoen Presquiie and the con-
tluenco of the Aroostook with the St. .lohn, in which dista-jco the
stream does little more than double back upon itself, the exposures are
also very few, except in the last four or five miles, whore, as fully
describeil in former reports, they consist of highly disturbed calcareous
slates, intersected by numerous dykes of trap. On the south of Pres-
Voiwnic rooks q'"'*^"- ^'^^^^'°\'*^'"> '^'"»^' the Houlton and other roads leading in that
direction, beds are soon met with, which indicate that the .silicious and
volcanic rock.s, already .lescribcd,. to the northward of the Aroostook
Slaty hematite.
Intrusive
syenite.
'•■ iiih Sil.LBIAN SYSTEM.
47 M
ok, both the
mile or two,
itioii of dip
;cnspicuouH-
he river for
rne. These
•eenish cast,
vers of grey
mpact lime-
I'ccisely the
mestones on
ransverseiy
PvihrationH,
I same beds.
those noted
listance the
there is an
r and more
contain, as
ite, another
ell as those
It, with the
>f the New
the town of
th-oasterly,
n being of
nd the con-
sta?!ce the
posures are
re, as fully
calcareous
I'h of Pres-
iig in that
licious and
Aroostook
Valley, here come again to fhp «„,.<•.„.« j • .
or .he .Silurian tract T.ev ' '^ '*^'"'" '''■'-^^*'^ ^'^'-^ ^''"''""i^v
through .Uaple.on where Z. T T" '''°"^' *^^' ''"^^ '«''ding
nna conglolrate. wh;:;;':' CS'l ,'f ^ f"'^"^ -ci sandston^ teare...
age, and which res. nnconfornnib u'n .h' t. •'"" V"'-''«"if^"-"^
these la,ter succeeded, /bur .£!iZ^>X^^';;:^. t'''' ''• ""
grey sandstones, which are morp ,... i '^''''"'«' ^"^f h' -^ series of
better .seen in the villaU of Sn! ^^ '°'''"''"' ''■^"'' ^^••''^'' ="•«
>-ocks, which are bo ^^ 15 "^"7^ ?' ^''^ '•>• »-y ochre-u.
ing exhibition, how ^ of U "t r^'f ''"'''• ''^'^ "^'^^ ^*-'<-
twelve miles from Pre nuile in ! "' .''"''^^ ''^ that to be .een, ""-'-^Mt..
Haysta..k Moun.ain. tZ ;'J:,r """"" '"''''' '^ '^--" - the
one side almost ,.reci nitoul' .1 "'• ''"'"''^ ^^•^''"P"^' ""^ '-^"
constituting a very consnH ,' T ' ^7'"l-''^tively flat country, and
or a pale Hve^g.^^:;;^;:::: -i^^'-^.^i^^^^i^ssenti
porphyritic; but around its base are he.vv .1,' u-'! "^"'' ''' 1*-^- '■^'-«•
alternate with .oarse aniyo-dalo dal .nd "l n "' 7^''^' '^''' '^'''^'''
ing considerable quantities of h In . " '' '■"''^''' '" 1*'=^'^'«^ •^'""'T-
mountain there are T::;^.:^:::^i::::^^rT'- , '■'^^ '"• ^'-^'^ '^^
Hiates, but we have ha., no onnort . ^ "'^ "'"^ tine-gralned flinty
or Of t^rther investi^t" ^Z^^S: i:;;;;:!"^"^ ^'^^ -'-ion!;
<^^.m...... ,^..^. ^.,.^^,,,„^ ^^^, .....,^,,,,. ^,,
lirunswick and Quebec.
In the several Kepoi'ts of Pro-a-ess for H,o ,.
<letails of the distribution and .ll tte ive fLV % f "■'' '"^'-'^•^- ^-'o-
tem,as developed in the so, h "''' ''^ ^''^ '^''"'••«" hvs- "■''•'''^•
been given by o e of ^^e ^ 7 "'T''' "' ^^'''- Brunswick, haVe
Ells and MattLT (s t, e cT: "''""' *" "'""^"''^'- ^'^^^ >!--
both ofresemblance td ::r^r^^^^^^^^ -ny interesting points,
in the earlier pa<.es of the ore . n , " ""^ *'"•' '■"•^'^" described
comparison o^f C Z^oInTTtT'' " ''" '""" ^'"""'^^ ^'"^' =' l^'-^'
thereby sugge,s,odm"Ki; ,'1 1 "T". " '""'' "^ ^'^^^ eondusi.ns
a further interest iril'""/: T''"", " '"^>' ''' ^''^^ ^J^^
Prof. N. S. Shaler, n ad in 1884 o ' T^u- 'j ''^' '^^-"•->"-- '.fCot«^.;"'
theological Survey, in ad out it T ."' ''"' ^'""'^^'^ ■^''^'- ^'^°'^-
and published in he ri; .f "-amaquoddy and ...obscook Bay,,.
Journal of Science, J Iv Z liu^T' """"' '" '''' ''^'''''-
occ^on to re.r .!> .m; l.^ r his- ^ ISr:;-'''''' "^^ "
-^•->...oteness.f:h:t^;X---
48 m
NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK.
Typical
)ocalitie^.
Comparative
table of
Silurian strata
studied, and which nmy hence be j-egurded as typical. These are th&
shore of Maseareen j)eninsula, formin- a portion of tiie eastern side of
Passamaquoddy ]}ay, in Charlotte county, and the southern part of
Queen's county. The sequence of strata in each of these, an.l their
parallelism, as explained in the reports referred to ahove. is given ia
the following comparative table: —
Sequence of Silurian Strata in Southern Neir Brunmick.
II.— SouTiiKJix i^iEE.N's County.
^'v. Ft.
I. Grev and dark irrey slates... 400
II. Dark frrey and black ailicioiis
clay slates, distinctly band-
ed '. (30O
HI- Dark grey and greenish grey
(sometimes pnr},li>ii) sand-
stones, becoming slaty
iibove tioo
IV. Asb grey and irrei^nisb grey
schistose bods, dioritie ami
amygdaloidal 80O
V. Groy and dark grey, some-
times reddisil, porpliyritic
telsites, with chlorite sdiist
and brecria conglomerate.
Thickness SOO feet or more.
Since the publication of the reports upon which these tables are
based, much more numerous collections of fossils from certain of the
strata have been made, both in New Brunswick and Maine As a list
of those found in New Brunswick has not yet ajipeared in the reports
of the survey it may appropriately be given here. For the Maine lists
re.crence must be made to the preliminary IJeport of Prof. Shaler
cited above. '
The following fossils have been obtained from Back Bay, inChai-lotte
county, in beds sup})08ed to be those of J)ivision I. The list is based
upon collections made j)artly by Mr. T. C. Weston in 1S69. and partly
upon others ma.ie subsequently (1884) by L. W. and .1 W Bailev (i
P. 3Iatthew and others. " '
I.— M \scARBEN Peninsula.
I>iv. Ft.
I. Grey feispathic slates, about.. 400
n. Grey and black banded sili-
cious slates, with nodular
layer« 620
ni. Grey flaggy sandstones, witli
some eoiiglomerato. Shells
of Limjula, Modiolop.'eis and
Loxonana ? with comminu-
ted vegetable matter 350
Red and green slates and *
sandstones, with diorltes
and felsites .-joq
Dark grey and reddisb por-
pliyritic felsites 300?
I\
Back Bay
foseils.
List of Fossils from Back Bay, Charlotte Comt,/, K.B.
Heliolites, sp. indt. #
Obolus Davidsoni ? Salter.
Orthis hybrida, Sowerby.
Orthis uteris, Billings.
BARtY 1
MCINNE8,']
UST OP FOSSILS FROM BACK BAY.
49 m
Orthis, sp. indt.
Streptorlajnch -s subplanum, Conrad
^irophodonta indentata ? Conrad
Strophodonta punctuUfera, Coqrad
^eptaena iransvtrsalis, Dalman
'^^"''/'''•« «-%a, llisingor.
'S>i>//era ra^^i'afa, Sowerby
Atrypa reticularis, L
E>ujinwus punctatus, WahJenberg
^almanites limulurus, (Jroon.
In Pal. Fossils "Vol Ifl P
opinion that the 'li-icJc -R-,^ i ^^^^'^^' ^''- '^^'t'iteavcs cxni^esses II,.. a r t> .
Ihe foasils collected by Prof' Sh'.!.
Head and other points about C b'ol b^ ^-'-^/'om ShacIdbrdssHacro.,.
fo^sihierous chaiacte,', Mere des... ,1 !f • ?' '"^""^ «* which, with their ^'^'^ ^-^"«-
\^V1*. Fron. the li.t's ^^^ en i ' ;' '''' ^^^^^' ^™-k report S
pete, the horizonn repre.'tVd';^'' 'r^^'^^' ^^ ^^^^ed to be ina.^
Hdderberg g.oup, ,/,,,„ ' '^^^^/PP-'- to include the Lower
southein New Brunswick th/f ^^""'^ ""'^ Clinton, while in
-toi,3-ab.ent. A^i^ ^^z^:!::' rv^ tone.-.,,;};::
tion with the Silurian «vstom of .? ^ ''^ """^^ "'tere«t incom.e?-..
l-^> byMr. G. F. mXT o T'^'' ""'^ I^-nswick is the^S?F^^^f
banded shales, referred to L'iv H !, "T" m '' P^^^^P'^ian fishei, hi -ni;" '^-'^
Nerepis Hills in King'^ Countv rr \^^'''^''^^ section, near"" he
Oct. 188(1, and AmeHcan Jou n* S ?"'" f ^^S^'^"-". ^ol. ]J., No. 4
regarded by Mr. Matthew arbinf^'f"'"- ^'^ ^^''-bearing beds^ait
and probably of about the sl^ at a 'tf ''"' f '' ^'" ^^^ ^ ^^"^^0-
^^•or. ClaypoJe. '""' '^'^ ^« ^bose holding the Palaeaspis of
Quebec and Maine, it will appelr that n r •''''"' P™"^"'^^' ^'^^^ 'n fe^/riC
noi- along the south shore of the St T . '" '^' ^'"'^^ P^^^'-'^^la ^-'^-n!!!.
either in litholo deal featmes or ,"•/''''''' ^'^^^^^"g^bich
^o Divisions I. and II. Tth ' 'r^^^^^l ^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^il-P2ii5P!to be fou„d in' n • '"'"^*' ^^'^°"g'^ ^"ch
50 u
NORTHERN NEW BRDNSWICK.
Contact
motamorp'ii
Intrusive
■quartz
liorphyry.
Ape ef
Division III,
Age of Black
fliid Burnt
Point rocks.
oeen doscubed as rising from benoatli the Silurian rocivs on the Alie-
|uash un,l Rsh rivers, as well as south of Pres,uile, but hes a e nt t
finc^gramed and more nearly resemble some of tl e beds wh oh u on
the Boccagu.mic River in Carleton county YB hZTh , ' 1
contain a Cambro-Silurian fauna IttZfL V' '" ^''""^ ^"^
in northern Maine, as in souZ. ^J^ B^l" t.^ "^^"'^ ''''
ciaUon with undoubted SiluHan ro.,:J^:^:t^ZX';ZrZ
portion of the same system, altered by contact metamo n i ni "^ The
-most nottceablo of these are tine-grained micaceous and g„ s"c sand
tions of lork county. (See Geol. Survey Reports, 1871, '1882I '
Jn these latter instances the alteration is evidently connec^d with
ITnT?^ ?''"T ""^^^ «^ -trusivegranite ; an'd so, ^nn;; ^
Maine, not far fro,,, the micaceous and gneissic strata are found evten-
sive tracts of what is also evidently intru.ve rock, he -o cons^ti„^
however, chiefly of a rather fine white-weathering uar z-por X;?
arn^ daloidal. loo little, however, is known of the relations of *hese
bee. to ..able us at present to speak with any confidence as to ^^Z
Division III of southern New Brunswick, as indicated by its or^-inic
remains, may be regarded as the equivalent of the Niagarfbi^f; 0,
Their equivalents ,„ the north would evidently seem to be found in tLe
ocks of PointeauxTrembles and the Tuladi River on Lake Temiscou
ata, the very similar beds of the Sie-as River \^,nv P.. " "''^ ,"^^°";
those of the Aroostook Valley, in ^^in: ^2;^Zr:^^
both in the.r hthological characters and in their oontabed fossr n
accordance with this view, the underlying conglomerates of Bu «; and
Black Points, together with the shales whidi immcdiateh uco d
them, may no nnpi-obably be regarded as representing the Sneida
Medina and Clinton groups. ^ ^neiaa,
BAlLEV « MCINNES.]
Sir^UHIAN STRATA.
Brunswick a.o,:nraH::;Wot *:;';:::" ^^^^-" - southcn New.,
or sem,.yolcanic material wLch thov ""r. """ ^'^"'^t^' of vol JniTr'Si„
quue notieoablo in Division ntuj^^^^^^^^^ such ,natoriaI 1, i'!"^- ''■""" ^'-
^hich appear to indicate oxten.ivonhv-^^''^"'^' ''elow them and
^ng, and perhaps determinin IZ ^ '»«^ements as accommnv
™mbo„ Of ,„„ .,.,.„„ ^^ »f - t . ov. .„, ,„„ ,„^^,_ ,^^ J^^ft
'■"once ,vl,ich, „v„. vo,;t. „*:"!" """r"" "><"•"«< t"^Z
K* Bivo,. late, a^f'-^ ^ --"'.a. ,i,„„a.. ted., f^r' , t
tarn, ,n Carleton .county, N.B " stllM f '"'' "'^* «^' ^'--^<^ -Cn
-nsiMcuouslydevoloped'lbout Ue'Cch "■' " ''" ^'•"^'-- '-^^ -
the equivalents of Division V. ^ ^'""""'•' ^« '""J likewise have
J-he following table h-o^ nr.
^ivs. I. and U— f.
(toll,, i»a;;,j:„?2;';r„rarv"'f" "»•«»• '»=i">'in8
Senuenoo of
•'"liinan strata.
■l '3.
52 M
NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK.
Sequence of
Silurian f trala.
county, N.B. Supposed to be equivalent to tlio .Aledina and Clin-
ton groups of New York, Divs. 2 and 3 of Anticosti group, or groups
a and B' of Arisaig.
Division I II.[A.-Giey tlaggyjand matsivesandstones, with some conglo-
merate, becoming frequently greenish or purplish, and more or less
aniygdaloidal. Fossils rather numerous, including corals and
stiolls, as well as worm-tracks and comminuted remains of plants.
Sandstones and conglomerates of I'ointe aux Trembles, Tuladi
and Squatook Rivers, Quebec ; similar bedsofSiegas River, New
iirunswick ; sandstones and conglomerates of Aroostook county,
Me. ; similar beds of Beccaguimic River and other parts of Carleton
county, N.B.
Niagara formation, or Wenlock group.
B.-Lower sandstone^, shales and limestones of the Gas^ peninsula.
Similar sandstones and limestones of the liead waters of the
thatte and Matane rivers, Metapedia Lake, Jletis and Rimounki
rivers, and lower part of Mount Wissick. Fossils numerous,
marine.
Supposed to be equivalent to the Guelpii formation of Ontario,
A^ivs. i V. and V.-Red and green shales of Cape Gaspe ; red and green
slates and sandstones of Mount Wi.sick ; [similar slates on Fish
Kiver (Eagle Lake) and Aroostook River, Maine ; red and green
Slates of Grand River and Carleton county, N.B. ; often including
argillaceous iron ores. ? Felsites and associated trappean rocks of
Campbellton and Bay Chaleur, Moose Mountain, New rfrunswick.
Haystack and Spider Lake, Maine.
Divieion VL-Grey, often nodular or columnar limestones, abounding
in fossils. ^
T4,per limestones of Cape Gaspe; middle and upper rocks of
Mount \\ issick, regarded as equivalents of the lower portion of the
Lowbr Helderberg.
Foseiliferous limestones of Square Lake end Ashland, Me.-
Lower Helderberg.
Fossiliferous limestones of Carleton county, N.B.
Fossiliferous slates and sandstones of Metapedia River Resti-
gouche, Victoria, Madawaska and Carleton counties, N.B. Similar
slates, etc., of Aroostook county, Me. Lower Helderberg ?
i
\
i