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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 i • . 8 1 1' 1 *^ 'i' "J ''.* 1^^ - . ., . -i i^ ", "-^4 -'^^i:' of //i r^ 'Jrfufn/tfttin •s "i- ?'*,, .'.«hdili£ i l l it| l l'' l Wil!. I .J l lmTT«y« Katarad at th* Post Offiw is Pttrttand, OfMes, •■ Baxftad llaM I ' ''MiTlTTifflll . w '-^ I'C/ \il "f't! di%. k%±2I>'Mb.*V|;1S ''I ^^••^Wi:t:y^ mmmmam T5 R. iUISBXW'l, TICTORIA, B. 0. DO YOU W^ANT TO KNOW ajAj about §1 XV so SUBBOaiBB FOfk THE WEST SHORE MAGAZINE, HA-NDSOMELY ILLTJSTRA.TEE). •^•Sar ELBSAHT AET SUPPLEMENT WITH EACH NUB4BEE. '•*SSSr' L. SABTUEIi. Publisher. Pozi^land. Oregon. U. S. A. M 'I' il y^M --^' ' ffi-lfePII^ ' ! THE WEST SHORE. Fifteenth Yeau. JUNE, 1889. NuMIIEli G. THE PROVINOB OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. S ( I / ]R1TISII Columbia is one of the provincee of the Uoininion of Canada, and is destined to occu- py the same position with refer- ence to her sister provinces on the Atlantic slope that Oregon, Washington and California will to the states east of the Rocky mountains. Its great area, mild and equable climate, and vast wealth of natural re- sources, more varied and more valuable than those of any other portion of the dominion, will in future years render it the richest and most populous of all the provir "es embraced in the confederation. These thing., ^eing true — and there is no disputing the evi- dences which point to them by one who has given the question even a superficial examination what an in- vitation she extends to young men to employ their capital, brain and physical energy in building up the great empire which must surely be developed on this western coast! A generation hence, the youth of the land will not have this grand opportunity now offered their fathers, to begin life for themselves in a new country teeming with the natural wealth that has lain dormant since the foundation of the world. Through years of toil and privation the pioneers of this region have prepared the way, and the man who now comes to the western slope will find ample scope for his best conceptions and his greatest eiTorts. The province embraces all that portion of North America lying north of the United States and west of the Rocky mountains, except the Alaskan penin- sula and the small strip of Alaska lying along the coast as far south as latitude fifty-four degrees and forty minutes, an empire seven hundred miles long and five hundred wide, containing about three hun- dred and forty-one thousand square miles of territo- ry. It consists of two distinct divisions, the coast re- gion and the interior, each having characteristics pe- culiar to itself. Tho former comprises the fringe of small islands lying along the coast, omb/acing a large area in the riggregate, and that portion of the main land west of the Coast mountains. In this region the rainfall is large and the climate is mild, (-(juablo and inexpressibly lovely. The great Japan current, which BO modifies the temperature even on the far northern shores of Alaska, here exerts its benign iuthienco to its fullest, and the result is a climate where the mer- cury seldom falls below the freezing point in winter or rises above ninety degrees in summer, while tho warm and gentle rains promote tho growth of vegeta- tion. In the interior the influence of this ocean river is not so great, and the winter climate is somewhat more rigorous, but even there the temperature does not get so low, nor does the winter season last so long, as in the eastern provinces of the dominion. The snowfall there is not so great as on the Atlantic slope and the spring opens much earlier. In fact, cattle gra/.e on the open ranges all winter, subsisting on the dried bunch grass, which is as nutritious as the best cured hay. The coast region, owing to its greater humidity, is densely covered with timber of giant proportions, chief of which »re tho Douglas fir and red oodar. Here is a mine of natural wealth that will not bo ex- hausted for a great many years. Lumbering enter- prises aro carried on quite extensively, and have been for many years, but tho greater development of this business is one of the brightest outlooks of the fu- ture. Heretofore tho market has been chiefly a for- eign one, but the development of tho province is steadily increasing the importance of the homo mar- ket. Certainly British Columbia ofTers unrivaled in- ducements to the lumber manufacturer. The interior, from the Coast mountains to tho Gold mountains, contains but little timber, but on the Gold, Selkirk and Rocky mountains there are great ranges of splendid forests, which, owing to tho unsettled condition of the region, are still practically untouched, though a fow mills have been nibbling at them for several years. T^'T-^- 6 THE WEST HHOBB. The Bgricnitaral interests of the province are des- tined to become very extensive, though they are bat slightly developed, except in a very limited area. In certain districts on Yancouver island, along Fraser river from its month some distance into the interior, and in Nicola, Spallamsbeen, Okanogan and a few other valleys in the interior, much progress has been made, and many as fine ranches as one would care to see can be found in any of those localities. There are, however, vast areas of most excellent agriculturBl land, where the sod has never been turned by the plow, which will, in the not distant futare, support large farming commanities and send oat their pro- ducts to the markets of the world. There are also many choice locations to be had in the districts where sgricnlture is already considerably advanced. As in the better known region to the south of the interna- tional line, there is mach fertile land which requires irrigation to render it productive, but which is very fruitful when touched by the magic hand of water. There is also much land which is so situated that the natural rainfall is sufficient to bring to perfection most marvelous crops of cereals. The slow develop- ment of the agrir*altural industry has not been caused by any lack of arable land, but more because of the absence of adequate facilities for reaching market with the prodacts of the farm. By the construction of the Canadian Pacific this drawback has been par- tially removed, and agriculture has largely increased in the arable districts immediately tributary to that line. Both the provincial and dominion governments are pursuing a most liberal policy in the encourage- ment of railroad construction, and aid all enterprises of a legitimate character with grants of land and spe- cial privileges, seeking to provide the province with transportation lines as speedily as possible. Several important enterprises of this nature are on foot, and Borne of them are in actual course of construction. In a very short time railroads will penetrate most of the leading agricultural districts and open the way to market for their products. The land laws are very liberal and are framed for the encouragement of home seekers. In its mineral deposits British Columbia finds one of its chief sources of wealth, and though mining is not, nor ever has been, carried on there on the exten- sive scale in which it is pursued in the cantry across the international line, the mineral product has been very large for the past thirty years. Placer mining has been the form this industry has assumed in the main, though considerable work has been done on quartz ledges in various localities, and always with the most encouraging results. It is well known that the rich ledges of gold, silver and copper ore that are now being worked in such numbers and producing millions of dollars of bullion in California, Nevada, Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Montana, have their counterparts in the region to the north. It can not be supposed that nature was guided in her geological formations by any political boundary lines. That she was not, the rich ledges now being developed in the Similkameen, Kootenay, Columbia river, Nicola, Cariboo and other districts are ample evidence. All that is needed is the introduction of capital for the development of mines as rich and namerous as are to be found on any other portion of the Pacific slope. One reason why capital has been slow to interest itself in these mines is the same that has interfered with the progresd of the country generally — the lack of railroads by which necessary machinery and sup- plies could be taken into the mining regions and ores brought out. As has been shown, this obstacle is now being rapidly removed. All the indications point to British Columbia as the scene of great mining de- velopments during the next decade. Another great source of wealth is the fisheries. At present the salmon industry receives the most at- tention, but deep sea fishing is beginning to tase its place among the industries of the proviace. All the streams of the coast and If^rger islands swarm with salmon from early in the spring till late in the fall, and on many of them large canneries are in opera- tion. Fraser and Skeena rivers are the scene of the greatest industry, and on those streams was packed the bulk of the one hundred and fifty thousand oases pet up in the province last year. The waters of the ocean adjacent to the coast swarm with halibut, cod, and a fish unknown in Atlantic waters which bears the name of black cod, and which is far superior to the true cod as a market fish. It will soon become known in all the markets of the continent, as prepara- tions are being made to catch and cure large quanti- ties for market this season. 'The experimental efforts made last season by several skillful fishermen, and the most careful investigations of the United States vessel, the Albatross, have determined the fact that the coast waters from Paget sound to Alaska are su- perior as fishing grounds to the famous ones of the Atlantic slope, over which the governments of Canada and the United States are having so maoh contro- versy. The winters are mild and ice does not float across the fishing grounds as off the coast of New- foundland, the storms are less frequent and less se- vere and the seasons are longer. These advantages, taken in connection with the fact that the fishing grounds are nearer ports for shipment, would seem to indicate that the deep sea fishing industry on the Pa- cific coast of Canada will in a few years far exceed in magnitude that of the Atlantic, where so much trouble now exists. Of ^^ r- tm^-^^^M. nia, Nevada, a, have their It can not er geological linea. That developed io iver, Nicola, idenoe. All pital for the oaa as are to 'acifio alopp. to interest M interfered y— the lack ery and sap< ona and ores » obstacle is cations point t mining de- :he fisheries, the most at- g to taxe its >oe. All the swarm with ;e in the fall, 'e in opera- I scene of the I was packed oasand cases waters of the halibat, cod, which bears r superior to soon become :, as prepara- arge qaanti- lental efforts hermen, and nited States ;he fact that aska are sa- ones of the ta of Canada nch oontro* 3es not float wt of New- and less se- advantages, the fishing >ald seem to on the Pa- far exceed e so mach 1 li ini4^,j.«.u imm •■Ha*fe&«««»'* ' JPfli-'?'^;' THE WEST SHORE. V I C T O R I ^^. , CAPITAL OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. (? ROMINENT HmoDg the beantif 111 oitiea of the Ph- cifio coast ia Victoria, tiie capital of the provinco of Britiab Golnmbia. It ia aitaated in the aontheaBt- ern part of Vancouver ial- and, about an irregular in- dentation from the Htrait of Juan de Fuca on the Booth. One arm of the harbor, extending a short diatanoe to the eaatward, ia known as James bay, and another, the North arm or Portage inlet, reaches inland a distance of aev- eral miles in a northwesterly direction, forming the outlet for the Deadman river, and for the GoUinitz, which drains a small lake to the north. About these arms of Victoria harbor the city ia built on moderate- ly undulating ground, overlooking the broad strait, with the anow-oovered Olympic mountaina plainly in view on the main land of Waahington to the south, and the majestic peaks of the Cascades relieving the landscape to the southeast and east From Victoria the nearest mainland is about twenty miles distant, south to Port Angeles. The nearest Canadian main land is northeastward about sixty miles by the main routes of travel. Vancouver island extenda aouth some forty miles farther than any other portion of the international boundary west of the great lakes, so Victoria faces American territory on the aouth and also on the east, but between it and the eastern mai:i- land are innumerable islands, for which that arm of the ocean is noted. Approaching Vict all travel except from points on the island muat, the view pre- sented by the city captivates every visitor. It does not in any sense wear that stereotyped expression which makes so many cities commonplace from the very frequent duplication of styles. It has a beauty that is all its own. It is unique. In the first place, the site is different from those occupied by most of the prominent Pacific coast cities. The town does not boast of rugged precipices or towering hills with- in its limits. Neither ia it by any means a iiat. There are moderate emiuenoes in various portions of the city, which have been improved for sites for archi- tectural piles of impuaiug dimnusiona. Tlieso are prominent foaturea of the city aoeu from a diatance. The streets are not laid off in tho atiff regularity of a ohnoker board. Tho main thorout^hfarna aro clearly defined for long diatancea, but in all parts of the town are streets of varying widths, joining each other at every conceivable^ angle. They are roads, walks, lanes, places, streets, etc. All but the main baainess streets are lined with shade trees, and all are kept in excellent condition. The long lines of wharves and manufacturing eatablishmeuta along the water front show that the city is not wanting in busiunss activit'-. additional evidence of which is furuiahetssivH build- ing just completed at a cost of nearly $(10,000 00. The city hall, city and provincial jails, public and private school and college buildings, hospitals, a dozen churches, most of which have some special features that make them interesting, snd the large number of fine business blocks and private residences contribute much to the attractive appearance of the city. The ^iM»J^'» . .jM,^'^ :.;.>*/:'' ! -..QJPH'IMir • '^ jfe'iiViwi. 10 THE WEST SHORE, largn ntoun roHiileooA bogan by the late Robert Dudb- tnuir, KD(1 now \mug completed at a coat of nearly tti'iO.ll'l^l"". ia the most prominent atrnctare of its clasa in the city, ami it occupiea an elevation in the weateru part that maitea it viaible from every (]uarter. A new pablic hoHpital ia buin(( bnilt in the outakirta of the town at a coat of about $ri(),(HM).(K). It ia locat- ed on a tract of nineteen acroa of land, on which ia a grove of oaka and ornamental treea that ia iinaur- paaaed for ruatic beanty. A new Presbyterian church, prepnrationa for the conatrnction of which are now in progreaa, will \m an important addition to the ar- chitectural ft'aturea of the city. The moat caaual obaerver in Victoria will notice that the city ia not one that baa grown up in a decade. It has not been boomed into exiatcnoe aa a property Bpeculation by the methods that have obtaineil in so many western citiea, nor is it a town associated with featurea of any great antiquity. The Hndaon'a liay Cooiuuny eBtabliahed a trading post at Victoria early in the present century. In 1H17 a fort was built there. Five years later the town was platted, and in 1H(J'2 it was incorporated. The first vessel arrived Irom En- gland in 1S|."). For many yeara the Hudson's Ray Company practically owned the entire Vancouver island, and whatever industrial operations were en- gaged in were related in some manner to the compa- ny's interests. This condition of etTairs prevailed to a considerable extent till about the year IS.jH, when the Fraser river gold excitement drew throngs of miners to British Columbia. In a few mouths then Victoria developed into a flourishing city, though but few of the twenty-five or thirty thousand miners who spent the winter in that vicinity remained as perma- nent residents. Still its real growth began at that time, and it has had a gradual and healthy increase since. The population at the present date numbers about sixteen thousand. The city's mercantile, man- ufacturing and shipping interests have been devel- oped by the support which it commanded as the cen- tral trading point of the province. Until IHOH Victo- ria was the capital of only Vancouver island, which was a separate colony, still it profited from the trade of the mainland as well as the island. Previous to the year above mentioned, when Vancouver was made a part of British Columbia, New Westminster was the seat of government of the colony on the main land, but when the two became united under the same provincial government Victoria was made the general capital, which it still is. From the first, how- ever, Victoria was the chief trading point of the en- tire British possessions west of the Rocky mountains, because it was so acceaaible by water, which was the great highway for all commerce. It has been but a few years now that a practicable overland route has been in op«ration between Old Canada and the prov- inces of th<. weat connecting the two oceans. Until about five yeara ago the chief route for travel or traffic waa by way of San Frauciaco or Portland, ao it was no aroall advantage that Victoria waa aituated com- paratively near theae great commercial oentera to the aouth. It is the oldest city in the province, and r\to the commercial metropolis and social center, ship- ping from all parts of tha world entera the harbor, making it an important |)<>rt of the Pacific aeaboard. Victoria ia inoreaaing in aize and importance from the force of ita own momentum. The larger it grows the more iz-i-'A is its advancement. This is true be- cause it possesses the elements of growth in and about its borders. Though it is in a new country, and near a better developed section, the national trade restric- tions prevent competition from abroad, which ^onld retard local industrial progress. The development of the natural wealth of the province is encouraged in every way possible. The government built a great railway for it and haa aubaidized lines of ocean steam- ships to ply to countries on the other side of the globe, in addition to the encouragement of home en- terprises. These influences are now in full operation, and as a reault unusual activity is infused in all lines of business. As Victoria is the largest and the wealthiest city in the province, it also does most of the manufactur- ing. It has the largest iron works on the Pacific coast outside of San Francisco, and several smaller iron foundries and machine shops. Large numbers of stoves are manufactured. Five boot and shoe fac- tories, a large lithographing and printing house, four wagon and carriage factories, two furniture factories, a saw mill, a planing mill, a box factory, wire works, a corset factory, vinegar and pickling establishment, meat packing house, cooperage works, a cigar box fac- tory, half a dozen cigar factories, two book binderies, two soap works, two cracker bakeries and an oat meal mill constitute the other more important manufactur- ing establishments of the city, and they tnrn out a large volume of products. Two lumber yu ds are maintained in the city, and two or three ship yards. On Eequimalt harbor, about three miles from Victo- ria, there is one of the largest saw mills on the island. Two or three other mills of large sawing capacity are projected, one of which will be erected immediate)^. The timber for these mills is obtained near the slioj to the west, and also to the north, and is raftpad, which nonld e development of ) is encouraged lent bailt a great a of ocean steam- ther side of the aent of home en- iu full operation, fused in all lines le wealthiest city the manufactur- s on the Pacific i several smaller Lirge numbers oot and shoe fao- nting house, four rniture factories, itory, wire works, ]g establishment, B, a cigar box fac- book binderies, 9 and an oat meal tant manufactnr- they tvrn out a amber yu ds are three ship yards, niles from Vioto- ills on the island. ;«iuK capacity are ;ted immediate^;/ ?d near the shoro find is raftrl nnd e principal vnrie- erable quartiUr.) some oak, mi^p'-: >ld for the opera- 1 mills and fiour- ■^11»M i"*S A =,1J 'i&'~ ' ^ A * =4- 6 •THE-G2VERJ :^^ii^ ^.v "v!. ^'i'^SJ ^».*il-,,*^4^ ELv i-HttetJ ^ »P^ '^^.^ SNSat)*^: ^37 »>t.-. • THE- GSVPRJiMEl^-Bll '.D1NG3 • VICT°I^I A- B-C ' iP i i 1 1 umi 1 1 ^1 1 '"iiJUWpnumi II -- ' ii 11 1 1 1 11111111 I I.. M I WW THE T?EST SHORE. 16 Nothing is more apparent to any one who takes pains to observe the condition of basinesB affairs in Victoria, (ban the fact that unasual preparations are being made to increase the city's interests in all di- rections. One of the most prominent enterprises now on foot is an electric street railway, the rate payers having a few weeks agG decided to guarantee the pay- ment of five per cent, interest on bonds to be issued by the street railway company in snffioieut amount to put the road in operation. The work of construction will be begun at once, and a considerable portion of the line is expected to be in running order this season, the total length projected being about fifteen miles, on the main thoroughfares leading to points of inter- est in the suburbs of the city. A short railway to ex- tend northward up the Saamish peninsula is also under serious consideration, with prospects of soon being consummated. Large smelting works for the reduc- tion of iron and copper ores are also in contempla- tion by capitalists having an interest in the develop- ment of the mines of the island and province. Many such institutions as saw mills, sash and door factories, glass factorief, rope factories, wood and willow ware, drain and tile works, etc., etc., are in process of con- struction or in contemplation by men of means. The facilities Victoria has for obtaining raw products and marketing manufactured goods, as well as its capacity for handling and distribating them, must make the city an important manufacturing center. The most promising prospect now lying before the town is in the line of manufacturing, and it is in every way fit- ted to improve its opportunity; and it is improving it as operations on every hand show. In addition to the advantages which the city offers as a business center, it commends itself particularly as a desirable place of residence. All the surround- ings are such as suit it to be a city of homes. In no respect does it resemble a frontier town. Experi- enced travelers are surprised and charmed by the de- lightful influences with which they find themselves surrounded in Victoria Ito '^'-tinguishing features are not entirely Ed ., lior are they American. To an Englishman it seems ([uite like an American city, and to an American quite British. It has the ap- pearance of a prosperous ai\d progressive eastern city in many respects. It has all the conveniences, such as newspapers, banking, telegraph and telephone fa- cilities, churches, schools, fraternal and benevolent organizations of all kinds, libraries, theaters, clubs and innumerable other things that make life pleasant. The town is : :e than usually well supplied with newspapers, there being three daily journals, each having a weekly edition, and a monthly periodical de- voted to the mines and ranges. These are all credit- able to the community in which they are published. The society of the city reminds one of that of many eastern towns in its freedom from crude and unpleasant features. The fact that it is becoming a favorite res- idence place is abundantly shown by the great num- ber of palatial dwellings liring the eligible streets, and the activity muuifested ia constructing new ones. The climate, too, is an important consideration in this connection. It is always delightfully mild there, no snow to speak of falling in the winter time and the summers being free from drouths and hot periods. The proximity of the ocran and the large arm that separates the island from the main land, together with the prevailing winds, insures an equable temper- ature; and the moisture is not excessive — a fact wor- thy of consideration. The municipal affiirs of Victoria are in a healthy condition. The annual income is about *l70,tX)().00, which is snfHoient for all current expenditures of the city government. The variour departments are eili- ciently and economically manured, and a liberal pol- icy is pursued with regard to all enterprises that con- tribute to the welfare of the town. The city water works system furnishes water for public and privato uses, and gas and electric companies supply power and illumination. The water supply is obtained from a lake in the hills some distance from the city, and the natural pressure from the elevation of the reser- voir is sufficient to carry the water to all but the higher levels, for which steam pressure is applied a portion of the time. The present system cost about 12.50,000 00, and the annual receipts are nearly $4.'),- 000 00. Preparations are now being made to in»prove the plant to correspond with the rapid growth of the city. The water furnished is of excellent quality. There are sixty-two hydrants for fire protection and ten cisterns from which to draw water for the same purpose. Twenty-five additional hydrants wil be erected this year. The fire department consists of twenty-six paid men in four companies, with complete pquipment for extinguishing fires, the estimated total value of all property belonging to the department being $1^5,000.00. It is a well disciplined and c-flioient organization. The streets of the city are nearly all macadami/i^d and have well-kept sidewalks. Nearly $5:J,000.00 were expended on them last year, and im- portant improvements in the way of paving the main thoroughfares and opening new ones a.e contemplated for the near future. One thing that strikes the vis- itor is the unusually exoel'ent condition of the drives about the city and the roads leading ir'^o the country. They are all hard and smooth like the streets of the city. These roads are under the supervision of the government, and not subject to the caprice of local tax payers, or rate payers, as they are termed there. The soil of Vancouver island is such that good roads S.ili**S«»E- i^^^mm^i THB WEST SHORE. 17 l^'Af: mm mu m.i a o 9! a can be maintained at a comparatively small expense, and toarists find special enjoyment in the long drives in the country from Victoria, and the beaatif al scen- ery they afford. The city is amply provided with educational faoil- itieo, both public and private. There are five ward schools, besides the large central high school, and an effieient corps of instructors is employed. The pub- lic schools are supported by the government and con- trolled by a school board elected by popular suffrage. Basides these, there are the ladien' college under the auspices of the Anglican churcb, and an academic in- stitution, as well as a primary school, maintained by the Raman Catholic denomination. There are Prot- estant and Roman Catholic orphanages. The city has a public library of about ten thousand volumes, and several of the fraternal and benevolent societies also have libraries of considerable size. Esquimau harbor, about three miles to the west- ward of Victoria, is the site of a British naval sta- tion. It is an excellent harbor. One, two or three war vessels are stationed there constantly, and it is general headquarters for Her Majesty's navy in the Pacific. Facilities are provided for doing all sorts of repairing for war ships. There is a dry dock four hundred and fifty feet long and twenty-seven feet deep, with an entrance fifty-five feet wide, which was conritructed at a cost of about $1)00,000.00. The arse- nal contains large quantities of stores and ordnance supplies of all descriptions. A royal navy hospital and cemetery is located there. A small town is built up about the dry dock. There are many fine resi- dences along the Esquimalt road and it is a popular drive from Victoria. The »quimalt district embrac- er (.,. . settlements of Col wood to the west, Qoldstream to the northeast, and Aldermere and Highland to the north. The Victoria district includes an area of twenty- seven square miles, embracing the city of Victoria, the Gorge, Cadboro bay, Gordon head. Mount Tolmie and Cedar hill. In the vicinity of Cedar hill and Cadboro bay there is a good deal of fine farming land, and fruit raising is engaged in quite extensively, the latter being a comparatively new departure for the agriculturists of that section. They are very success- ful in their operations, however, and are fast develop- ing that branch of industry. Comparatively little at- tention has been bestowed on cultivating the soil of the island, but interest in that direction is rapidly in- creasing. Though located on an island, Victoria does not suffer from the lack of outside communication, as that fact might imply. If it were not so important a place, or if the island were a small one, its location might not be the most advantageous. But all roads of that region, by land or water, load to Victoria. From that point they radiate in all directions, to the interior as well as to the uttermost parts of the earth. There is one steamship line to China and Japan and another to Australia, both having large government subsidies, which enable them to perform first class service. One of the finest steamers on the Pacific coast is run daily between Victoria and Vancouver to connect with the Canadian Pacific railway, so it is a real terminal point for that great transcontinental route, and the trip between the two cities, through the numberless beautiful little islands of the Gulf of Georgia, is one of the most picturesiiue imaginable. Daily boats ply to all important Puget sound ports, both in American and Canadian territory, and to points northward on the island and on the main land. Sau Francisco and Alaska steamers also stop there on their regular trips. Many of the steamers plying to and from Victoria are iloating palaces, eciuipped with every modern convenience, and swift travelers. The only railway having a track into the city is the Es(iui- malt & Nanaimo road, which was completed only about two years ago, extending up the coast a dis- tance of some seventy miles to the city of Nanaimo, or rather, to Wellington, five miles beyond, where the celebrated Wellington coal is mined. Daily passen- ger trains are run on this road and the service is first class in every respect. The first twenty-five miles from Victoria the road is built through a rough coun- try, and an elevation of nearly a thousand feet is at- tained. There are several high trestles and a tunnel on this section, and lake, river, valley and mountain furnish an attractive variety of soenMy. A number of prosperous settlements are on the line of this road, and several charming resorts that are much fre([aeni> ed by tourists and sportsmen. There are a number of features of special scenic beauty in the city of Victoria and its environs. Bea- con Hill park occupies an elevation in the eastern part of town and is one of the most interesting of its attractions. The park itself is a rare combination of the beauties of nature and comforts of art, and the outlook from it is most grand. The North arm is a favorite locality for boating and fishing. Goldstream is one of the most noted resorts near the city. This is a mountain stream of considerable size, and its banks are piotnresq'ie in the extreme. A hotel has been erected at the most central point and various other accommodations provided for pleasure seekers. About a mile from Goldstream is a recently discov- ered waterfall that is an object of much interest. It is a branch of the Goldstream, in what is termed Ni- agara canyon, and the water pours over a rocky prec- ipice more than two hundred feet high. Niagara Canyon falls is the name given this cataract. It is ' ff ' f ' i ' " ,:MSJKM^! l<5^ 18 THE WEST SHOBE. "S'l i-wtv proposed to clear a saitable trail to this place, so that it may be conveniently visited by all who choose to make the trip. The distance from the city is some thirteen miles. EE(|aimalt is also one of the promi- nent resorts of that vicinity, the government works and naval equipments adding to the attractions which the scenery of the harbor affords. Large numbers of people visit the war vessels that lie at anchor in the bay. The Esqaimalt harbor is probably the best one on the shores of Vancouver island, it being a per- fectly land locked ref ugp, and naturally accessible for vessels of the deepest draught. To persona not familiar with the surroundings of Victoria, a question as to what there is to support its growth naturally arises. In the first place there is no popular appreciation of the value and extent of the natural resources of Vancouver island. It is near- ly three hundred miles in length northwest and south- east, and has an area of about twelve thousand miles. The coast is indented with a vast number of small, but navigable, inlets; but a large portion of the inte- rior is mountainous, and a considerable area is still unexplored, or, at best, only a general idea of the sur- face characteristics of the country is obtained. In some parts of the island mountains rise to a height of nine thousand feet above the sea. In the valleys of the streams and near the shores farming can be suc- cessfully carried on, and much of the rougher land affords the best of pasturage. No limit is known to the scope for industrial development on the island. All of that territory may properly be considered as tributary to Victoria. Then, from the smaller islands of the adjoining waters and from the main land, much business must flow to the capital city. The fact that it is the capital of the province is an important factor contributing to the importance of Victoria. The gov- ernment is administered from there, and if no other reason existed, that alone would have a tendency to draw business to the city. The Victoria custom house shows by far the largest business of any port in the province. Last year the arrivals and clearances of marine craft numbered over five hundred and sixty, aggregating more than half a million tons burthen, exclusive of those plying to the various ports within the province. The exports for the year, as shown by the custom house records at Victoria, consisted of gold, coal, fish, furs, hides, lumber and curios, to a total value of $3,475,'.1()8 00, and the imports for the game period aggregated $2,9*^2,395 GO. The duties collected amounted to $873,952 26. These figures in- dicate the large volume of business which is trans- acted at the Victoria custom house. The British government regards Victoria as an important point Not alone as a growing city of promising prospects does it attain its fnll importance. The strategic point which it occupies as a national post of observation, supply and defense entitles it to the consideration it receives from Her Majesty's home government Not only in the event of hostilities be- tween Great Britain and the United States would for- tifications at that point be almost indispensable, but the war vessels of any naval power might do aerious harm to British possessions on this coast if they were left unprotected. The naval station the British gov- ernment maintains at Esquimalt (virtually a part of Victoria) is esteemed of such importance that steps are being taken for the erection of strong fortifica- tions in addition to the present means of defense. Defenses, though not very extensive, are now main- tained on the strait front of the city. It is expected that the proposed government works will greatly ben- efit the town in every way. In describing the capital city, a few words about the provincial government will not prove uninterest- ing to American readers. Until 1858 British Colum- bia and Vancouver island were governed by the Hud- son's Bay Company. In that year both colonies were given a territorial government, and ten years later the two were consolidated and the capital established at Victoria. In 1871 the province joined the Canadian confederation, one of the considerations being that the dominion government should connect the two oceans by a railway, which was completed in 188G. The province now is governed by a governor appoint- ed by the dominion, and cabinet of five — premier, provincial secretary, attorney general, commissioner of lands and works, and commissioner of mines — and a legislature consisting of two houses, council and assembly, the members of the former being appoint- ed and of the latter elected by popular suffrage. Brit- ish Columbia is represented in the dominion parlia- ment by three members in the senate and six in the house of commons. The provincial legislature has power to levy direct taxes and borrow money for pro- vincial purposes, the control of public lands and pub- lic works within the province, municipal institutions, public schools, hospitals, prisons, asylums and char- iJes, and generally all matters of a local or private character. All judges except those of some of the mi- nor courts are appointed by the dominion govern- ment The provincial government is efiioiently ad- ministered, and with the increase of wedth and popu- lation its iufinence in the legislative bodies becomes greater through increased representation. The city of Victoria is governed by a mayor and nine council- men elected by the people. "Vt'ifflifa ijiiitf AimMi^ -if^f-^>^=^^n->is^. as a growing city of ain its fall importance. ooonpiea as a national d defense entitles it to )ra Her Majesty's home event of hostilities be- nited States would for- lost indispensable, bat ower might do aerioas this coast if they were kation the British gov- alt (virtually a part of importance that steps ion of strong fortifioa- ent means of defense, lensive, are now main- le city. It is expected works will greatly ben- ty, a few words about not prove uninterest- il 1858 British Colum- governed by the Hud- 'ear both colonies were and ten years later the capital established at oe joined the Canadian isiderations being that ould connect the two as completed in 1886. by a governor appoint- inet of five — premier, general, commissioner issioner of mines — and n houses, council and former being appuint- )opalar suffrage. Brit- n the dominion parlia- 3 senate and six in the vincial legislature has borrow money for pro- pablic lands and pub- mnnioipal institutions, ins, asylams and char- s of a local or private hose of some of the mi- the dominion govern- ment is efficiently ad- se of wedth and popa- slative bodies becomes resentation. The city layor and nine council- j:3**At. ■ i^^.^-m^' ;; . :;i-mi^f^''i'' '-." fe>*ii, -»^.1..*''*i.'-^^ ^' m. m *f -» \ '•■1 ■'^^uxtmm • -***»«^ ^i- J, i-i > < i^nipops-B-c- ■"^iW^WWBIWBP I ■ .^■itA,..,.,tlaL, g rlSHCOlUNBIA. ( ^ I ■t-T -ISPKii^ ^mi iiBiih I • • ^^^^^^^B Vi, : , / 1 ^^^. V M' :^f' ; THE WEST SHORE. N A N J^. I iM C> ^^1 OBNTBR OP THE OOAL INDUSTRY K,'" ■I ^•■t,:Wf 7 a' *i .;'fe^<^ ^ if SECOND largest city on ^ A'anooaver ialaud is Na- nbimo, situated about BeTiynw>^i„... yy .p^ 24 THE WEST SHORE. 1 1 -1 tn ^H . .1 f '■V'l • \^' M 1*- ■ l' f»4?*. 1 8 Au nnoTon tract of land rising qaito rapidly back from the water, the altitude in- creasing until the summit of Mount Benson, nearly thirty-five hundred feet above the sea, is reached some ten or twelve miles to the westward. No regu- lar plat WHH made until a consideiable settlement had grown up there, which accounts, in part, for the ir- regular streets, the lay of the land also conducing to the present arrangement. A view of the harbor may be obtained from almost any point in the city. The north and south endd of the town are higher than the middle, where the main business houses are situated, and the residence portion occupies the higher ground. During the past year a Inrge amount of building baa been done, and the outskirts of the city are rapidly being built up with neat and comfortable cottages, that Bpeak in no uncertain way >)f the prosperity that is enjoyed by the people. Even greater improve- ments are in prospect for this year. The business interests are experiencing a decided growth, and an air of thrift and comfort pprvtides eVery part of the city. More rapid advancement is now being made than ever before. Among the recent important improvements that Nanaimo enjoys are a water works system and a tele- phone exchange. The water supply comes from Chase river, three miles west of the city, where a res- ervoir has been made by damming the stream at a point three hundred feet above the town, thus secur- ing ample pressure for all purposes without the use of steam pumps. The Chase river Hows from the watershed of Mount Benson, and the water is of ex- cellent quality, but the supply, though ample for present uses, will not be sufficient two or three years hence at the present rate of increase of consumption in the city, and steps are now being taken to secure connections with the Nanaimo river to insure ade- quate service for the future. For fire protection there are twenty hydrants for public use, and several of the manufacturing establishments have hydrants for their own convenience and security. This water plant has been in use only a year, but it is one of the most important improvements that has been made. The telephone exchange has been in operation but a few"^ jponths. Connections are established with De- parture bay, three and a half miles to the north, and with Wellington and East Wellington collieries to the west, bt sides having a good local service that is steadily expaL-^ing. Of course, having the best gas producing coal of the Pacific coast mined within its limits, the city is lighted with gas. The town has two banks, the Bank of British Columbia and the Dominion Savings Bank, heth of wbieh do bntfness in all the important eitlet of the province. The Fin- Prcsn is a daily and semi- weekly newspaper that has grown up with the town and is Hourishing with it The daily and weekly Cou- rier is a new publication. The churches of the town are Methodist, Episcopal, Uoman Catholic and Pres- byteriaii, the first named congregation having a fine edifice to cost about 110,000 00 now in course of erec- tion. The public schools employ seven teachers, and there is also an academy for young ladies under Ro- man Catholic management, and a kindergarten school. There are more than twenty fraternal, benevolent and social organizitions in the city. The manufacturing establishments of the city in- clude the large car shops and foundry and machine shops of the Vancouver Coal Company, which ope- rates a railroad from its mines to its docks, one or two smaller machine shops, a wagon and carriage factory, a saw mill, three breweries, and several smaller shops in which more or less manufacturing is done. A large tannery and boot and shoe factory will soon be constructed. A lumber yard is maintained in Nanai- mo, and considerable is done in the way of boat build- ing. The city is already past the period when its business is confined to the production of coal, and en- tering upon a manufacturing era, for which it is so well suited. The agricultural and timber resources of the coun- try tributary to Nanaimo should not go unnoticed. There are heavy forests of fir, cedar, hemlock, pine and maple close at hand, which should be more fully utilized. The opportunities for the manufacture of all classes of lumber and of furniture are particular- ly promising. The markets of the world lie before the manufacturers of Nanaimo, because the products can be turned out so cheaply. There is a good deal of farming and grazing land along the shore and hill- sides on both sides of the city. In the valley of the Nanaimo river there is a fine opening for farmers. The land that is too rough for cultivation will sup- port many thonsanus of ci ttle and sheep, and that business is very profitable there. Some of the islands lying to the east of Nanaimo make the finest sheep pastures, no predatory beasts being there and no fenc- ing being necessary to confine the animals. Nanaimo is the central point for a large district. Besides the daily train service to Victoria, there are regular boat lines plying to Victoria, New Westmin- ster, Vancouver, Comox, Portland and Alaska, steam- ers for the last two ports stopping there once each month. Stages run to Departure bay and to the East Wellington mines twice a day. In all ways the city is making rapid advancement, and its location in the midst of great natural resources is commanding for it wide attention. I THE WEST HHORB. in iDportant oitiei jiaily and semi- vith tho town Id weekly Con. h <>' the town |olio and Pre«. having a flue lourae of erpc- ] teachora, and pea under Uo- prten school. PnevoJect and Y the city in- |«nd machine which ope- :8, one or two p«ge factory, ^filler shops J8 clone. A wiil soon be ;d in Nanai- hoat buiid. >d when its •"»', and en- 'Jch it is so >' the coun- annoticed. nlock, pine more fuJJy ifactare of particular- lie before 3 products good deal » and hill, 'ey of the farmers, will BUp- and that e islands •st sheep i no fenc- district, lere are estmin- stoam- oe each le East he city in tLe ng for K< NKW WHIH'IM I M-i'IM^:if, METROPOLIS OF FRA.9BR RIVER. riUNO the time of the Fraspr river gold pxcitement, in IHoS, the city of New Westminster, British Columbia, was found- ed, by Colonel Moody, of the royal engineers, who consider- ed it the most advantageous site for the capital of the province. The city is located on the north bank of the river, fifteen miles from its month, is aooessiblfl for deep water shipping, and lies in the heart of a section of varied and valuable resources. Steam- ers also ply up the river a hundred miles to Yale which is the center of a district of considerable importance. New Westminster is chiefly known abroad for its salmon trade and its lumber basiness, but the agricultural interests of the district are now coming into prominence and giving tho city addition- al stability. The good farming territory of British Columbia is not a very large proportion of its whole area. Ihere are considerable tracts that are fine grazing lands, and others that irrigation would ren- der fertile, but much of this territory that will ulti- mately, of course, become valuable, is now practical- ly inaccessible for the ordinary tiller of the soil. The largest and most valuable tract of farming land in the province is in the southwest corner, in the val- ley ,and delta of Fraser river, and New Westminster is situated in the midst of that great garden. Lulu, Bea and Westham islands, comprising the delta of the river, have an area of over fifty thousand acres of the choicest land. It is not heavily timbered, and the rich, alluvial soil yields crops of first quality and in surprising quantity. Three tons of hay are taken from an acre, ninety bushels of oats, seventy-five of wheat, and of roct crops four hundred to eight hun- dred bushels. At the last local fair turnips weighing forty pounds each were on exhibition, and oats we'pl. ing fifty-five pounds to the measured bushel. What is known as the municipality of Delta is a similar area lying between the Fraser and Boundary bay, on the south. The municipalities of Surrey, Langley, Maple Eidge and Ohilliwhack occupy the valley on both sides of the river above New Westminster, and embract> an area of nniirly fiv>> huudrtvl Kiuare miles of the very best agricultural lauds. TheMrt extond northward from tho Aiueriuaii hounditry a distniioe of about twenty five miles, but only iuolude wiiat is in the [)olitical district of New WetftminHter. Fitrra- ing lands roach much ftrther up the Fraser and also up tho valleys of its tributaries, the I'itt, tho Stave and tho Siwash. A choice tract, comprising some fifty thousand acres, has rrcoutly come into uotieo on the Stave, and is, as yet, almost entirely uuoocupitHl. These are all exe«llent farming lauds. They are ea"- ily cleared for the plow, and the soil is an alluvium mixed with a clay loam. The agricultural produc- tions include the common grains, rootn, vi>getahle8 and a variety oFfruits. A fitiluro of crops whs n(«vi>r known in that region. Diiryiug is a profitable in- dustry and it is growing in importance. While in the valley there is no government laud to speak of, a considerable portion of tho area is yet unimproved and may be purchased at moilerate prices. On the northern branches of the Fraser there are still eligi- ble locations which may be obtained from the gov- ernment or from tho railroad company on reasonable terms. In the interior there are Urge amounts of land of all degrees of fertility and in all sorts of lo- cations, that are waiting for settl<>rs. There are twelve large salmon canneries within easy reach of New Westminster. These establish- ments represent f.n invested capital of UoOO.OOO 00, they employ over five thousand men during the fish- ing season and pay out over $100,()0().00 a year for supplies. The Fraser river canneries turned out last year forty-one thousand six hundred cases of salmon. This is one of the most important industries of that region. Three saw mills are now in operation in tho city, their daily capacity being one huudred and twenty-five thousand feet of lumber. By far the largest :.« ^ill in the province is now in course of const, uotion at New Westminster. It will hnve a ca- pacity for sawing two hundred thousand feet per day. Vessels bound to the several foreign markets to wiiich thib lumber is shipped have no difficulty in as- cending the river and taking their cargoes from the wharves at the mills. The timber is obtained in abundance up the Fraser river and its tributaries, and floated down to the mills where it is held in booms until manufactured. Lumber sawing oonsti- ■.i«fcfis*. M.-.5aM'^ S'MftW ^-^m^mmmm- '.J^ II w M il 11 2G THE WEST BHOBE. tatea the most important single manafactaring indus- try of the city. It has, however, the only woolen mil! in tbr province, two fonndries and machine shops, a farniture manufactory, planing mills, sash and door factories and cigar factories. The volume of products turned out by these establishments has an important influence on the prosperity of the city. The New Westminster, Bellingham Bay A Seattle railway, now in process of construction between Se- attle and New Westminster, will have its shops in the latter city and will build a railway and traffic bridge across the Eraser river, this having been agreed upon as a consideration for a bonus and cer- tain terminal facilities which were granted it New Westminster is well supplied with educa- tional facilities, it having good public schools, a high school, and two or three private educational institu- tions. It has the only free public library in the province. There is a public hospital, and also one which cost S'20,000.00 under the auspices of the Ro- man Catholics. Eight churches represent the follow- ing denominations: Church of England, Church of Reformed Episcopal, Presbyterian, Methodist and Baptist. The city has a board of trade, a building association, and a dozen fraternal, benevolent and so- cial organizations. It has two good hotels, an opera house, a concert hall, two banks, daily, semi-weekly and weekly newspapers, and excellent telegraphic and telephonic communication. Several parks and public squares within the city limits aggregate in area more than one hundred acres. The corporation recently purchased the charter for a system of water works, which will be constructed immediately at a cost of about «200,000.()(). This will give an unlimited sup- ply of pure water. The provincial jail, provincial asylum, the central prison for the main land, the dominion land office for the province, the land registry office for the main land, the provincial land office, and the central office on the Pacific for the Canadian Pacific and Postal Union telegraph systems are situated at New West- minster. It is the residence of Anglican and Roman Catholic bishops, the provincial imragration agent, the inspector of fisheries, the district senator and rep- resentative in the dominion parliament, the judge and registrar of the supreme court, and the sheriff of the district. A new court house, to cost $20,000.00 is about to be erected. New Westminster is connected with the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway by a branch eight miles long to Westminster Junction. Trains are run from New Westminster to Vancouver several times a day, and direct connections are made with all trans- continental trains at the junction. The completion of the New Westminster, Bellingham Bay & Seattle rail- way will make the city a competing point for the Canadian Pacific and Northern Pacific roads. Among the other railways projected from New Westminster are a short V. e to Vancouver, a line down the south side of the Eraser to Ladner's and up the river to Sumas, and one to Victoria, on Vancouver island, the last involving a ferry across the Gulf uf Georgia, a distance of twenty miles, to operate in conjunction with the railway on the land. These projects are being pushed by men of capital and business fore- sight, with the cooperation of lines already estab- lished, and they will all be completed before long. Lesides the rail communication which New West- minster has, it is well provided with boat lines plying to all towns on the river as far up as Yale, a hun- dred miles distant, and on the coast of the main land, as well as to the islands of the province and Pugct sound ports in American territory. It has good con- nections by steamer with Portland and San Erancis- co. Stages run to Vancouver, Surrey Center, Clover Valley and Hall's Prairie, in the province, and to Blaine, across the boundary line in Washington. New Westminster occupies a sloping site facing the south and southeast. The peaks of the Cascades and Olympic mountains afford a glimpse of magnifi- cent scenery to the south and southwest, while in the immediate vicinity of the city are many features of interest. The celebrated Harrison Hot Springs may be reached in less than two hours by rail from the city. In town are all the accommodations to make life pleasant there. The city is growing in impor- tance as a tourist's resort and a place of residence, even for those who have business interests elsewhere in the province. The large trade which is enjoyed by all lines of business in New Westminster is pushing it to the front as a commercial and manufacturing center. The lumbering, agricultural, fishing and mining interests tributary to the city, and the facilities being provided for developing commerce in all directions are already beginning to bear fruit in quickening trade and attract- ing people from abroad. An enterprising spirit is awakened and the citizens are aruused to the advan- tages that lie at their door. 7m^ fesaJiiiiWl. •^IST^W^pf^^PK^r 5-^ ¥1 ade with all trana- The completion of Bay ,fe Seattle rail- iting point for the icific roads. Among New Weatminater line down the south and up the river to [anoonver island, the Gulf of Georgia, a rate in oonjanotion These projecta are and buaineaa fore- inea already estab- eted before long. fiiw;w»-.T-/':r3rF»JH5r'7'WB"y?'WWi"^^ R'VHfM^OUV^EI^-^fllTI-sil (^LU/^BIA- \^^^'^rn,ro ;af^',< •™... m. .■.tiJUiimif,'!. *■' 1 I I I .JirJWJijpfliSNJPiWM ^)Sttstm!i».£^-*i*^i'^''-~» m THE WEST SHORE. 31 VA^^OOXTVER, TERMINUS OF THB CANADIAN PAOIFIO. Hf ^-^gj^j^gc ANCOUVER ia sitaated on the main land, a short distanoo north of the mouth of Fraser river. The principal part of the oity oo- cnpiea a peninsula, bounded north by the waters of liurrard inh>t, south by a small indentation called False creek, and west by English bay, of which the other two are arms. Far beyond the limits of the peninsula thus defined, however, the city is fast extending to the oast, and to the south across False creek. The city was incorporated unilor the name " Vancouver " April (i, 188t>, at which time it had a jjopula- tion numbering scarcely six hundred. Now there are within the limits of the corporation fourteen thousand inhabitants, and in many respects it is one of the most remarkable towns on the Paoitic slope of North America. The site of Vancouver could scarcely have been better chosen for a large city. The peninsula on which it is located rises to an altitude of about two hundred feet at the highest point, and from the central ridge there is a distinct descent to the water's edge on either side. This affords the most perfect drain- age at all times. Both Burrard inlet on the nortl.. and Knglish bay and Falsa creek on the opposite side, are always safely navigable for the deepest draft ves- sels, and the first named is one of the finest harbors in the world. The extremity of the peninsula curves around to the northward (it is really another peninsula^ formed by an indentation from the inlet known as Coal harbor), leaving a passage at the narrows, or mouth of Burrard inlet, not more than half a mile wide. Opposite the oity i.ont, however, the inlet is more tlian two miles wide, with a depth varying from six to twenty fathoms. This arm of salt water extends inland more than twenty miles from Vancouver, and its iiwo forks aiford access by water to a considerable aro'i of rich country, the products of which Vancouver governs. In this respect it serves the commercial purpose of a large river. Then, on the west and south, English bay and False creek afford accommodations for ship- ping. The capacity of the city for marine commerce can never be outgrown, no matter what magnitude it may attain. When it had become a definitely settled fact that the Canadian Pacific railway would make this point its western terminus, it suddenly sprang into prominence. The railway company, by a grant from the govern- ment, secured control of the land upon which the oity must be built, and the policy pursued by the company has resulted in establishing a foundation for a giant growth. People from the eastern provinces flocked to the prospective metropolis in great numbers, and the oity of Vancouver was incorporated on the date men- tioned, the name being in honor of Captain George Vancouver, of the British navy, who discovered, explored and named Burrard inlet, nearly a hundred years ago. The conditions imposed on purchasers of property in Vancouver are such that no mere speculators can buy the land and hold it, without improvement, for the rise in value which th& industry of other people will be sure to bring it. This policy has tended to keep out adventurers and to secure the benefits of the city's advancement fo those who have homes there, or to those who are interested in its business afTairs. The build- ing conditions accompanying transfers within the past two weeks — the last two weeks of March —bind pur- chasers to erect this season stone and brick structures aggregating in value $125,000.00. These buildings will not be all in one locality, but will be scattered over a considerable area. This policy relieves the city of the appearance of being crowded, and encourages expansion in all directions, while the intervening property is, of course, augmented in value. Business men who located in Vancouver three or four years ago well remember that nine-tenths of the present area of the oity was a dense, unbroken foiesi of huge firs. There was but a single street cleared of timber, and a few rude roads led into the gloomy wild. To build a oity there was certainly a Hercu- lean task. The timber was removed at a cost of $200 00 to $300.00 per acre, and, following the retreat- Ik* "S; ■'m a''*ibS?- .*''ii)||^;- .,v.**.iw^i^^:. THE WEST BHOBK it if.' *■■ M ing forest, msBsive straotares of atono and brick sprang up, streets were graded, sidewalks bailt, and large business enterprises inaagurated. Some of the finest business blocks in the oily stand on ground that, three years, or even two years ago, was occupied by a wilderness of forest. The Canadian Pacific railway was completed to Vancouver in May, 1887, when the first through train arrived from Montreal. That year, also, the Canadian Pacific company put a line of steamships on the route between Vancouver and Chi- na and Japan. Those two important projects gave an impetus to the growth of the city, by placing its advantages entirely beyond the realm of speculation, and the advancement the city made was truly mar- velous. A great confiagration, in June, 1880, nearly wiped the young city out of existence, but before the embers died, materials for rebuilding were on their way, and, where small wooden structures were before, there arose grand edifices of stone, brick and iron. Under the infiuence of the large transportation interests which were establiohed there the next year, the build- ing of the city progressed rapidly, and during 1887 most of the city plat was cleared of timber, and a large amount of street work was done. Since that time its progress has been unhindered by any disas- ter. The city is laid out on a magnificent scale, and it is being built up in a style fully in accord with the plan. Its residences, business blocks, hotels and pub- lic buildings of all classes would bo creditable to any city. During the year 1888, buildings aggregating in value $1,350,000.00 were erected within the corpora- tion limits. In January, 1888, the city assessment showed a taxable valuation of property aggregating nearly $3,500,000.00. In January, 1889, the total as- sessed valuation of property was $(i, 000,000. 00. Last year $85,000.00 were expended in street improve- ments, making the total mileage of graded streets in the city thirt six, and there are twenty-five miles of sidewalks. reet improvements to the amount of $30,000.00 now under contract There are two bridges aero, i'alse creek and one across Coal har- bor. The city has expended $25,000.00 on sewers, and will expend $40,000.00 this year on its sewerage system. It has a telephone exobnnge of nearly two hundred subscribers. The fire department consists of two brigades, employing a total of sixty men, with modern apparatus for extinguishing fires. The water works plant, just completed, brings to the city an abundant supply of pure water from the headwaters of the Capilano creek, a mountain stream flowing from the northward into Bnrrard inlet near the first nar- rows. Seven miles from the city limits a reservoir with a capacity of fourteen million gallons was made by damming the creek, p,nd from that reservoir the water is led in pipes down the mountain side and un- der the narro-'.s, which is half a mile wide, to supply the system of mains in the city, and, through them, the consumers. The reservoir is two hundred feet above the highest point in the city, and over three hundred feet above the business and residence por- tion of the town. The water is free from all impuri- ties, and the source of supply is in the mountains be- yond all possibility of oontamiuation. This water works system cost $250,000.00, and it is one of the most important improvements, both from a sanitary and a commercial point of view, that has been made there. Seventy-five hydrants, j adioiously placed about the city, furnish an efficient means for quenching fires. The system includes thirty miles of iron mains. Vancouver is lighted by both gas and electricity. The Electric Illuminating Company lights the streets with nearly two thousand sixteen-oandle power incan- descent lamps and one hundred and twenty arc lights, also furnishing lights to private consumers. The Vancouver Gas Company is incorporated, with a cap- ital stock of $150,000.00, and has a capacity for sup- plying sixty thousand cubic feet of coal gas per day. The residuum of coke and coal tar is now utilized, and it is expected soon to manufacture aspbaltum and analine dyep, which will be an important addition to the city's already considerable list of manufactures. The public schools are now a graded school sys- tem, but by the beginning of the next school year a high school will be organized with a suitable curricu- lum and an effiaient corps of instructors. At the be- ginning of the present school year nine teachers were employed in the city, and fifteen must be provided for the first term next fall. One school building has been constructed this year, and a large central high school will be built next year, for which an appropri- ation of $17,000.00 has already be^n made. The Ro- man Catholic church maintains a parochial school, which is well patronized. The city hall is a commo- dious structure, in which are the headquarters of all the departments of the city government. The provin- cial government has formed a new municipality, with Vancouver as its official head, and has appropriated $23,000.00 for the erection this year of a court house and registrar's offices. The business institutions of the city are of an un- usually stable character, many of them being branch- es of old eastern establishments. The city has four banking houses, three of which are branches of old eastern concerns, and the total capital represented by them is $20,000,000.00. During the year 1888, the Canadian Pacific railway brought to the city nearly thirty-nine thousand tons of freight, and forwarded about twenty-two thousand tons. Ovfer five hundred aod sixt-^en thousand packages of merchandise were ^»^*^mmmmtiii^>pf niimmm mmmm^':-ww-'^'m5 ■■^WWPI'\*A.„,JJil!f^"JH)i!-.^.« ■'■;'ifC*^f^''':''i''>. ■' ^m^ THE WEST 8H0BK :j3 de and nn- le, to supply irough them, andred feet over three (sidenoe por- all impuri- lountains be- Thia water 8 one of the 'm a sanitary is been made placed about T quenching if iron mains. id electricity, ts the streets power incan- ty arc lights, umers. The with a cap- icity for sup- gas per day. now utilized, spbaltum and it addition to nufactures. d school sys- school year a table ourricu- '. At the be- teaohers were '< be provided building has central high an appropri- le. The Ro- chial school, is a commo- larters of all The provin- sipalify, with ippropriated court house re of an un- iing branch- ity has four iches of old resented by ir 1888, the city nearly forwarded ve hundred indise were exported to China and Japan via the Canadian Pacific steamers, and the imports from the same aource ag- gregated over five hundred and seventy-four thousand packages, a gain of more than a hundred per cent over the previous year. The Canadian Pacific com- pany disbursed in Vancouver $()18,'2;J4 (!5. The local custom house records show that for the last fiscal year there arrived in Vancouver two hundred and seventy- one marine craft, of a total of one hundred and thirty- three thousand tons burthen, and cleared two hun- dred and seventy vessels, of a total burthen of ninety- eight thousand tons. The custom house collections were $73, 102 2\), or more than double the amount of the previous year. The total imports increased in value $74,8(18.00, and the exports $r2l,4t;i.OO, over the previous year. The goods shipped to the United Htates were valued ut $20,087.75, and the shipments through Vancouver from the United States were val- ued at .$1,380,000.00. The postoffice business last year was about one hundred and fifty per cent great- er than for 1887, the stamp sales aggregating $11,- 579.10, money orders $114,793.99, postoflioe savings bank deposits $28,972 00, and the number of regis- tered letters mailed was five thousand. These figures show specifically what advancement the city made in the lines which are quoted, and when the fact that the mercantile and manufacturing interests corres- pondingly increased in importance is considered, a definite idea may be formed of the rapid growth which the city experienced ; and this rate of advance- ment has not in the least abated, bat rather increased. In addition to the great transportation lines of the Canadian Pacific railway and the steamship lines to China and Japan and to Australia, the city has con- nections with all important points along the Pacific coast. The trans-Pacific steamship lines each receive a subsidy of $500,000.00 from the British and Cana- dian governments, and the boats that have been em- ployed in the service daring the experimental stage of the line are soon to be superseded by new ones specially designed for that trade. Steamers ply be- tween Vancouver and all Paget sound ports, both in and out of the province, and to Portland and San Francisco. It would seem that the city had all the boat lines that could be desired, but its only railroad is the Canadian Pacific. No less than three railroads extending to the southeast are in contemplation, how- ever, to tap resources that at present have no conven- ient outlet, and to connect with the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern and the Bellingham Bay road, thus getting other transcontinental roates to doing busi- ness in the city. In the matter of public parks the city is well pro- vided for. All that part of the peninsula west of Coal harbor, comprising some nine hundred and six- ty acres, belongs to the crown, and is leased by the city for a public park. A driveway entirely around this park has been constructed of gravel and shells, and it is much patronized. From some of the eleva- tions on this road the view is one of the grandest im- aginable. The precipitous mountains on the north side of the inlet, only six or eight miles away, raise their cragged crest line to a height of over six thou- sand feet, and carry a covering of snow a large por- tion of the year. The spurs of the Cascades ap- proach very near the coast ; in fact, salt water washes the very base of the mountains in some oases. Sea- ward, the numerous islands that dot the waters of the Gulf of Georgia are plainly in view, and all the shore lines are very picturesque. Southward, Point Gray juts out from the main land beyond English bay, and to the eastward the main ridge of the Cascades ex- tends across the hoiizon, rugged and snow-capped. The park itself — Stanley pirk, it is called— is cov- ered with a wild forest, filled with game of many kinds, which no one is permitted to kill. Besides the road around the park, drives traversing it in various directions are being constructed, making it one of the most charming driving resorts in the country. The city has erected a park lodge, whore the keeper re- sides, devoting his whole time to the care of the park and to protecting its primeval beauty. A small por- tion of this park is set aside for the athletic clubs of the city and suitably fitted for them. In the eastern part of the city is a tract of one hundred and sixty acres donated to Vancouver by the government for a park, on certain conditions of improvement, which are being complied with. There is another park of forty acres on the south side of False creek. Three smaller parks in tWe city occupy a total area of about twenty acres, and are very attractive ornaments. The mu- nicipal government recently paid $15,000 (K) for a cen- trally located market square. The one cemetery is situated on the south side, and is owned and cared for by the city. Vancouver has a well organized police depart- ment, which is self-sustaining. Saloon licenses are $500.00 each, and drinking places are kept under strict police surveillance. The city owns and main- tains a hospital, which it built last year at a cost of $10,000.00. It is under the direction of a hospital board of five medical men. The city hall is a com- modious building, in which are the headtiuarters of all the departments of the city government. The municipal government consists of a mayor and board of ten aldermen, elected by ballot, and the usual other ofiicerB acting under their direction. An enterpris- ing policy regarding public affairs of all kinds is pur- sued. The board of trade is an active and strong or- ganization, which is an important aid to the business 84 THE WEST SHORE. I'evelopment of the town. Its members are the prom- inent bnainess men of the city, and they labor for the beat interests of the municipality in everything that cames within the scope of their operation. Fraternal and benevolent organizations are well represented in Vancouver. There are lodges of Free Masons, Odd Fellows, Good Templars, Knights of Labor, Knights of Pythias, Locomotive Engineers, United Workmen, Fore^iters, Sons of England, and a Ht. Andrew's society. They embrace a large member- ship and wield a considerable influence for the good of society. The city has a public reading room, s Young Men's Christian Association, which is contem- plating the erection of a fine building on a site that has already been donated, and a Woman's Christian Temperance Union, all of them in a very flourishing condition. There are at present nine church edifices in the city— two Methodist, two Presbyterian, two Episcopal, a Congregational, a Baptist and a Boman Catholic— and preparations are being made to erect several others. Besides the Methodists have a Chi- nese congregation, presided over by a native Chinese missipnary, and a Chinese mission school. The news field is unusually well covered in Van- couver. The News- Advertiser is a morning daily of eight pages, which is ably conducted and presents a full quota of the news of the world each morning. The Evening World is a publication but a few months old, but it is a vigorous, enterprising and newsy journal, and merits the large patronage it receives. Both papers issue weekly editions. They are clean and efficient exponents of the public interests. The variety of natural resources existing in Brit- ish Columbia makes it a good country for the prose- cution of nearly all kinds of manufacturing. The woods of the province are valuable and abundant, the mines possess untold wealth of many kinds, and fish- eries, farms and ranges contribute to the support which factories must have. Good transportation fa- cilities are a recent acquisition, but they are increas- ing in response to the rapidly growing demand for them, and no fears are entertained of any hampering influence from that source. Besides the many re- sources that now enter into the calculations of manu- facturers there, new discoveries are constantly being made, and the utilization of the vast volume of raw products can not but make a manufacturing region of more than ordinary importance. As lumbering was the first industry that engaged Ihe attention of British Columbians, its present value is greater than any other. It employs more men and yields a larger annual output, reduced to the stern scale of dollars and cents, than any other manufac- turing industry in the province. Saw mills are in op- eration at various points of advantage along the coast line, on the shores of the numerous indentations, and on two or three of the larger rivers. The total num- ber of mills noT in the province is twenty-six, vary- ing in their output from three thousand feet daily, which is the product of a small Indian mill on Naas river, to one hundred and ten thousand feet of sawed lumber. Vancouver is the great lumbering center for the whole region, and it has within its limits and in the immediate vicinity six saw mills, one planing mill, one shingle mill and two large sash and door facto- ries, the annual product of which is valued at $2,500,- 000.00. These mills furnish regular employment to about fifteen hundred hands. They turn out various grades of rough and planed lumber, to suit the de- mands of the market, and a large portion of the pro- duct is exported to foreign countries, chiefly to China, Japan, Australia and the states of Central America, South America and Europe. It is the leading article of commerce with those countries. While the foreign demand was the first developed and is constantly growing in importance, the recent changes that have occurred in the industrial condition of the northwestern provinces of Canada render the domestic and local markets of scarcely less moment to the manufacturer. A considerable number of the saw mills recently established depend entirely on the local demand for their patronage, and they find it in- creasing fully as fast as the facilities for supplying it. The farming sections and mining camps of the interior are using large quantities of lumber, and the growing towns along the line of the railway also have a brisk trade in that commodity. The manufacture of sash, doors and blinds in Vancouver is a profitable adjunct of the saw mill business, and it is capable of great expansion. The demand for that class of man- ufactures is chiefly in the cities, where much building is being done. A furniture factory, having an annual output worth $75,000.00, has passed through the experimen- tal stage in Vancouver and received such encourag- ing support that its capacity is being greatly in- creased. All ordinary household furniture is made there. The country has an exhaustless supply of the finest maple, alder, cedar, pine, spruce, etc., that could profitably be manufactured into furniture and ma- chinery. A carriage factory, with a capacity for man- ufacturing $75,000.00 worth of carriages per annum, was lately built, and the enterprise promises to be more than ordinarily successful. Among the other manufactories of wood that would find a good field for operation at Vancouver may be mentioned wood- enware factories and pulp mills. There is an es- pecially promising opening for the manufacture of all kinds of woodenware, the materials being at hand and the demand for the product being very strong. s.. mm ■.'t^^^y ~"hv-4^' '*i:,*«r*!R:.'>,(iSit-.- 'OB indentations, and irs. The total num. ' '8 twouty-aix, vary. thousand feet daily, Indian mill on Naas Qsand feet of sawed lumbering center for 'in its limits and in Is, one planing mill, aslj and door facto-' i« valued at $2,000,. liar employment to ^y turn out various ^Pr, to suit the de. portion of the pro- as, chielly to China, f Central America, the leading article the first developed rtance, the recent Qdustrial condition Canada render the rcely less moment 3le number of the nd entirely on the nd they find it in. ^ies for supplying ing camps of the f lumber, and the railway also have The manufacture w is a profitable d it is capable of hat class of man- •e much building annual output I the experimen. such encourag- sing greatly in- rniture is made •8 supply of the , etc., that could liture and ma- iaoity for man- fes per annum, 'romises to be ong the other i a good field ntioned wood- ere is an es- anufacture of being at hand ; very strong. ,1 raw ■ J!< F !i. Jfe'iH'. ' ' MMIM •MkHfawtH "k 1 w <<'i CO. RAND J f^ BFfOWNING ■Rf-5I^LNetls-\/ANCoUVLR.-B-r- ...«i«*-..if... !■ ,: i^a«*»;,:Vi;«..Oiaessafc*fl«iMPs-'i*»-"!i-, I I^W IW t^^mii^iim^-,,mm'^' W- ! i > -tr^ ''1 -i m^--,'^,:'^:M..:jm MMiHl ■"•■■*■ ftjUr^iir^ " ;W k r-i ■VAN9 0UyE.F^- B-C ua*Mi(»asfc^;aaS»-f^Si#t?-S^& THE WEST SHOBE. f^ h Cooperagn works would also tlonrigb. Any manufao- turing institutions that oau use fir, c«dar, apruco, cy- press, heulock, piup, maple or aider will do well at Vancouver. There is great need for Bmoltiug establiahmonts in British Columbia to aid in developing the mineral rn- Bonrces. A load smelter of a daily capacity of sixty tons has just been completed in Vancouver, and it will treat ore from mines over six hundred miles dis- tant, as well as from those that are nearer. Efforts are being made to have a large iron smelter erected in the city, a liberal bonus being offered to reliable parties who will inaugurate snob an enterprise. Iron and coal are now produced in h rge (luantities within thirty miles of the city, and there would be no lack of patronage for a smelter, lljduction works for gold and silver ores are also needed to encourage the min- ing of the precious metals in various parts of the province. The largest manufacturing establishment now in operation in the city belongs to the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. The terminal works and machine shops of that company do an immense amount of work in building and repairing railroad stock, and consume largo (quantities of wood and iron. All the iron used could, with the proper means for working, be taken in the ore and put through every process of preparation by local iudnstrios. To supply the means for working, which are now lacking, is one of the things the business men of the city have in view. Iron smelters, foundries and rolling mills are sure to be established in Vancouver. There now is a foun- dry and machine shop in the city, besides the Cana- dian Pacific machine shops, but none of the iron used is smelted by local industry. The foundries and ma- chine shops do a large volume of business, and it will not be long before the other complements of iron working will ba numbered among the manufacturing industries of the city. The steadily increasing volume of agricultural products is calling attention to the necessity for util- izing them to better advantage than has yet been done. Most particularly is attention directed to the need for preparing the products of the range for use at home, instead of sending them abroad to be treated by the skilled labor of other people and then returned for consumption near where produced. Wool and hides are the chief articles of this class of goois. Woolen mills should be constructed in Vancouver. They would have peculiar advantages in that the tar- iff prevents competition from better developed sec- tions of the Pacific slope, and the long haul from the east increases the selling price considerably, and Aus- tralian wool can be shipped in free of duty to mix with the home product, thus enabling manufacturers to make a superior (|uality of gocNls. I,alH)r may bo easily obtained, and the d^Muand will more than war- rant the establishment of such entorprist's. The en- tire wool crop, not only of the local ra'igt's and farms, but of all the northwest Canadian prnvinoi'n as well, will go to Vancouver wh«-n it has wooloii faetorifs to handle it In this line of opi>ration Vancouver is al- most beyond any sort of rivalry. Tht» superior facil- ties for obtaining the raw products and for marketing the manufactured articles give it great advantage over other manufacturing places. Cliiiia and ■lapnti will take all the woolen goods that can be manufac- tured there. Tanneries and manufactories of boots and shotiionb of the Pacific slope, and the cost of transportation from the east is great, so the markets of the entire province at least are at the disposal of Vancouver manufacturers, and that is no small consideration. Then the excep- tionally good means for reaching all parts of the world by water and land transportation lines places an unlimited market befoi^ them. The variety and richness of tributary resources and the commanding geographical position which the city occupies add fea- tures that make this an unrivaled location for most kinds of manufacturing. The position which Vancouver occupies, being the gateway through which western exports and imports for the whole dominion must pass, and commanding the patronage of a naturally rich province that is fast being developed, gives it extraordinary advantages. To say th<*t it :'s profiting by these advantages is but to indicate that th>i people are intelligent and enter- prising, and able to utilize the materials lying around them. More outside capital is now being '.n vested in Vancouver, and all kinds of business are experiencing more activity, than ever before. Even in view of the almost phenomenal growth that has already occurred in that city, it is entirely safe to say the advancement this year will far exceed its past record. The tourist, who has passed through the grand canyons and by the snowy crests and glaciers of tho Rocky mountains, and has been whirled through tlie picturesque scenes of the Selkirk and Gold mountains and the canyons of Thompson and Fraser rivers, will find Vancouver a most delightful place in which to spend a few days to recover from the fatigue of his long journey. Splendid accommodations render s Bojotirn there moat delight/ul. f ^,..":«^u^"lW!l(JlWWt|iW»^w*^w.ii ,^smi^^i^:*«:!ii^M*ii^i^^J:>l &t^!')'U-^*' -^^ THE WEST SHORE. 41 ptween reai- r desirable boae points, street rail- iise on sev- • build and I and four nmodate as ''ill be rap- vhole city. Ileotricity or U *o build ling real es- Its, and it is ftial charac- 1 situation aflForc'ed by osed on for- sompetitio". sei^lione. of tation from province at lufacturers, 1 the excep. arts of the lines places 'variety and }mmanding ies add fea- >a for most i, being the nd imports mmanding that is fast dvantages. kges is but and enter- Dg around ivested in )eriencing ew of the occurred ancement he grand ;r8 of tho ough tLe lountiina fers, will which to ne of hig ender a K ^ m: L O O T » s , MBTROPOLIS OF THPl INTERIOR. MONO the most prosperous towns of British Columbia is Kamloops, centrally located in tne interior of the prov- ince, and situated at the forks of Thompson liver, on the Canadian Pacific railway, two hundred e^nd fifty miles from the coast. It is also one of the oldest towns in the province, the old North- T-est Company having fc.*^"*b- lished a trading post i here as early as 1815. At that time the post was between the two forks of the river, but subse- qaently it moved to the weflt side of the North Thomp- Bin, and about ISliii to its present location on the south side of the Bouth Thompson, directly opposite where the other branch unites with it. At the jcnc- ^i- :^ tion of the two ma'n branches of one of the largest j ' tributaries of the great Fraser river, Kamloops iXJCU- pied a favorable position to command the trade in furs and skins which that region afforded in the early day; and now that the country is being occupied by settlers and its resources gradually being developed, the town still retains the points cf advantage that first brought il into prominence. Kamloops now has a population of one thousand, not including Indians, of whom there are two hun- dred and fifty permanently camped between the forks of the Thompson, where a reservation is set aside for them. The Indian trade of that region is an item of considerable importance. The annual rjurchases of furs and skins by the Hudson's Bay Company at Kam- loops aggregate about $20 000 00. A bridge crosses the Bouth Thompson, furnishing a moans for reach- ing the town with the products of tho reservation and of the settlements up the North Thompson. Besides the rail communication, lines of boats ply regularly on the river above and below Kamloops, and a large traffic is carried on. As yet, the valley of the North Thompson is not sufficiently settled to warrant the operation of regular lines o* steamers up that stream, though it is tho larger of the two forks, and wagon roads do duty in bringing out the surplus products. Steamboats have ascended that branch a distance of one hundi'ed and twenty-five miles, however, and with the development now being wrought in that direction there will soon be a demand for transportation that will warrant the maintenance of regular trHlVic Hues. The.e is even a branch of tho Canadian Pacific rail- Wiiy projected up the North Thompson river to tho Cariboo mining district, that being the most direct route to those mines. The South Thompson and the Bhuswap lak.'s are navigable for steamers one hundred and fifty miles above Kamloops, to Bpal'nmsheen. At Biccamooso, seventy-five miles above Kamloopo, on Bhuswap lake, the railway leaves the river and lakes, and all trallic for the country above that point depends on the boat lines, which have headquarters in Kamloops and con- sequently have an interest iu leading trade to that center. Bteamcrs also run down the river, below the city, through Kamloops Idko, which is an eulargomont of Thompson river about twenty miles long. Stage lines lead to di^jtiiots in the interior, the most impor- tant ones being the Nicola valley some thirty miles to tho southwest. Grand Prairie thirty-thre^ miles south- east, the Similkameen, the Okanogan and the Osoyoos districts extending southward some two hundred miles, down to the international boundary. These districts are now chiefly known for their minerals, but some of them have considerable tracts of choice agricultural and grazing lands. The Similkameen valley, in par- ticular, is an unusually attractive farming section, the land being fertile and the climate delightful. The Nicola valley is also a farming and stock raising re- gion, as is Grand Prairie; but all of these bear min- erals, and their mining operations are widest known. Large numbers of cattle are annually shipped out of the country, but there is pasturage for many more an- imals than are now raised, the lands spf'oially adapted to sheep husbandry being almost entirely unoccupied. Throughout the region there are indications of marked activity in all lines of industry. Capital is being in- vested in the mines, and machinery for their develop- ment is being introduced. Settlers are locating in the eligible territory and making it pro I stations Pacific of the luaparte. Is in the 0, Clin- Jterior of I to those pities of Is drawn I reached pe trans- (post in- Px mil°s .^'l > 'N^NAl/^o-SC- Sjlfel";'''"M IM THE WEST SHORE. u CQ I 'i('' R^ND BROS., REAL ESTATE BROKERS, HEAD OFFICE- V .ncouver, B. C. Branch Offices— New Westminster, B. C, and 107 Cannon Street, London, Eng-land. Deal in British Columbia Se- curities and Real Estate in all parts of the Province. VANCOUVER rROPERTY, TIMIJER L COAL LANDS, Ei'C. DO NOT FORGET THE NAME, RAND BROS., Real Estate Brokers. iMiiii THE WEST 8H0KE. A RAJIB OHAITCE FOR IIST^^ESTORS. British Columbia, with its manifold resources, offers better inducements to investors than any other section of the Pacific Northwest. VICTORIA, The Capital and Commercial Emporium of this grand country, is the safest place to invest. F. G-. Richards, Jr. 51 YATES STREET, VICTORIA, B. C, Is the Leading Real Estate and Financial Agent in Victoria. Correspondence Solicited. H-.- Mr. Richards is also a Notary Public and Conveyancer, does a General Fire, Life and Accident Insurance Business, undertakes Surveys and prepares Maps and Plans. JriL>iiSi:3iiibt;. .* i, j I^JH^^M '^m^mMMk^. IE THE WEST SHORE. )£fers ler ROSS & CEPB^j. V^NCOUVKK, B. C. , rrand at in VANCOT'Vf'R iR nnw the iicknowIeilKed commenial nietnijKjliB of the North I'arific — the meeting place of the Occiilent and Orient. Her future is aPHured. Investments are ABSOI'TKI.V SAKK ami Rure to bring t;oo. 00 to $100.00 each. Lots L'.'ixlL'O feet, two blocks from the business center, at from f'W. 00 to 100.00 per front foot, and the Clioicd Biiiess Corners on Cordoia, Hastings and Granville Ste •? e, Life ns. At $200.00 and $300.00 per front foot. Tliefie prices tell the'r own story, viz. : That i)roperty is sold in Van(;ouver at what it is worth lo-day. We have also Canadian Pacific liailway Company's proi)erty at the same iirice anil terms as sold by the i:om- pany. We make investments for non-residents carefully aniit to Her Majesty's Uoyal Navy, the Dominion Government, Etc. SHIPPIXG SUPPuilTAT I.OWHST RATHS. POODLE DOG HOTEL! Only First Class French Hotel and Restaurant in the City. LOUIS MARBOEUF, Propr Yates Street, between Government and Broad, VICTORIA, B. 0. /-. "Ill .1 lill,i||)IMaM1iWI|i lOanadian find this to ites, $1 00 to lKD koom KET, o. 3RE, >yal Navy, the RATHS. fELT Hotel 3ity. pr Id Broad, .^ THE WEST 8H0RE. BANK OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, incorporated by l-{oyal ClutrttT, 1 8(>*^. (IJIUI Mmm, M\i C\^^ — WITH POWER TO INCUEASK.— mm. COURT OF DIRECTORS : l«»IU:KT(iII,LKsriK, YXl, Clmirman, EDKN fOIAILLK, p:sQ , Deputy Chairman, JAMKS ANI)KK>ON, K.-(i , HKNUY KI). UANSOM, K.-Q., SIK CIIAKLKS TlII'l'KK, Hart., (J. C. M. O., 0. THOMAS Ci. (UI.LK.si'IK, HUGH HUGHES, General Manager. BRANCHES H\N FUANCIHCO, C'AL. rOHTKANI), OUKGON. IN liniTIMII COM'MIIIA. VICTORIA, VANCOUVKU, NANAIMO, NEW WESTMIN.VIEU, KAMI.OOI'S. AGENTS — In England, National I'rovincial Bank of En^jland ; North anil South WhIch Bunk, Liverpool ; Hank of I.iverjvxil ; Manchenter and Liverjiool District Banking Co , hiiniteil, Manchester. In Smlland, BritiHli Linen Company Hank. In Irrlnmt, Bank of Ireland. Tn Canada, Neir York and Chicago, Bank of Montreal and their agents. In India, China, Jajmn, Atmlnilia and Xeu' Zealand, Ch&rtereii Hank of India, Australia and China; Eni^lish, Scottish utul Australian Chartered Bank; Bunk of Australahia; Commercial Banking Co., of .Sydney ; Hong Kong and Shangliai lUiik. /D^"TELEGUAI'HIC TRANSEERS and REMITFANCES to and fiom all )ioint8 can he niaile through this hank at current rates. COELECTIOXS carefully attended to and all descriptions of hanking husini'ss tranHai't«d. bba -&-<■- 9JSr-^ SHIP WORK A SPECIALTY. Full Lines of all Plumbing, Gas and Steam Goods Kept in Stock. CORNER FORT AND BROAD STREETS, VICTORIA, B. C. .WBlmit^. mmMmmmmmMm:ii m^ft^hij*^^^ THE WEST SHORE. I I i ,1 '^ I' " r? THE CLARENCE HOTEL. CORNER YATES AND DODflLAS STS„ VICTORIA, B. C. Fireproof Brick Building in the Center of the City. W. C. ANDERSON, Proprietor. This Hotel is New and Elegantly Furnished through- out, and is First Class in Every Respect. THE OUISINE is under the perBonal sapervision of the proprietor. The Hotel is the finest situated in town, being built on rising ground and having a most perfect system of drainage. A splendid view can be had of all the surrounding country, including the Olympian range, Mount Baker and Straits of Faca, from every window. There is also an elevator for the use of guests, this being The Onlv House in Britisli Coluioliia Havini an Elevator in Use. 'I rtiiin- iriK to Kfiil Kft.it'(. ChnicR inTo»tn»M)t» in rity Property ia VniipouTor. H. ('.. nDil Agrical- IutkI, llriizii K'inil I'lirm Cnmln in Hriti-li CiiliiiiiliiH. Aililnmii ItOLLAMl A IMI.I.. Kent I'KlHtx llrnkrril, ri-W) S 44 Ciirilnvii Hiricl, VMiicmivBr. H. (". CLAKKNCK lll.(H'li, 83 DOUGLAS STREET, VICTORIA, B. 0. WM. O'REILLY & CO. Gl^O^B Sorp N^N^IMO, B. C. First Class in Every Particular. Head- quarters for Coniinercial Travelers. DONALD I. NICHOLSON & CO., Proprs. AKTHXJii BULLOCK, THE LEADING DRY GOODS HOUSE, VlCTOKl^ CKESCENT, INT^N^^IMO. Importer of acd dealer in Dry Goods, Millinery, Gents' Furnishing Goods, Hals and Caps. The beet and cheapest place to laake your purchases. THE LARGEST STOCK AND THE LOWEST PRICES. ARTHUR BULLOCK. J v^ 3E, A, B. 0. ) ead- >. prs. SE, he best and THE WEST SHORE. sc^OOALl^s^ r W iiil ^ ^^ Ni^N^^^^' B. C, XT oir^n and Southfleld steam. Tl.e well known ^-'^^''^° ."^l ^^,^ ^^ ,^s cor.- ,as and house coals are -ned only by ^^^^^^ pany. at their Esp^nade an collieries, near the port oi ^ tv,« largest deep sea vessels ocean steamers and ^^ ^^^^^ ,,,,, states of load at the company s wharves tC. «e «>d receiv, prompt a^spatch. -^TWTj'-sra*^ l j|» IIII H I —.l|) lj| m^ THE WEST SHORE. E. G. PRIOR & CO., i>iuk<;t 'mi'oktkks ok III, W, lliiriliired ifrieuilural Macliinery. SOLE AGENTS FOR THE CHATHAM WAGON. CAUSES- The Best Seasoned Timber, First CIbbb Mechanics, Finest Machinery. EFFECT— The Wagon that leads the trade wherever sold. The Stronirest and Easiest Runnino; WaQ;on Made. Adopted by the Dcminion Government as the " Standard Wagon." — soIjK aoknt for- D. M. Osborne & Go's Harvesting Machinery Frost & Wood'ti Daisy Keapers, Backeye Mowers, Steel and Iron Plows. Chatham Mfg. Co.'r Patent Climax Iruss Rod Axle Wagoo. N'xon Bros'. Drill and Broadcast Hfipdera. 8 L. A'uen & Co 's Planet Jr. Garden Drills. Watson Mfg. Co.'s D.^ering Steel Frame two-horse Twine Binders. A MOST COMPLLIE STOCK OF BUILDERS' HARDWARE ALWAYS ON FAND. f^ciKl lln- C^atalojrues. VICTORIA, B. C. A. & ^/7. ^W^ILSON, Importers and Dealers in all kinds of Gas Fixtures and Plumbing Material. Galvanized and Plain Iron Pipe and Fittings, for Steam, Gas and Water. INIJI^ IIUBBKR HOSE. — — ••■ ^ ■ Best Styles of Cooking and Heating Stoves, Gran- ite and Agate Ware. Portable Glass Shades, Paper and Tin Shades, Gas Reading Lamps, Wax Tapers and Holders, Fancy and Plain Wash Basins, Marble Slabs. Silver I'lated Cocks, Bath Tubs, Etc. Bell Hanging and Tinsmithing. Gas Fitting and Plumbing carried on in all its Branches. BROAD sriiKiyp, VICTORIA, B. C. THE WEST SHORE. e Wagon de. steel and ND. t'-A rial , for jran- Fancy and insmithing. 1^ \l ^ I]Sr JDQOB HOUSE. 1 , Wiimished Suites of Booms, Handsomely ^F^^^Bhe^a Booms. 11. DEMPSEYTPropr., Nanaimo, B. C. NOTARY PUBLIC, COSVEYANCKB, " B PIMBURY & CO ^ MEDICAL H^L^^' ^°^^,,, ,,a,os ANO c"K>n('Ar .''-.;;; j\,,,,,,,, „.,,■....> cUy.haBe«tanVmhed.tBrep«taton or^ ,^^„eHB ^„j eaU> .m,re* ^^^^^^^^^^ ^, ^''^.'^'f.m We have the largest ,afuteratedn>edicineB as U y -^^^^^^^^ ,i,,„ the P-~,lVof thoBe who have tr.ed them. We exeeed those of any fi'-^^-^'f^ ."^^ jncreaging on the Bole re«°'"'"*'."l''^,„j,ieB in the city. :„e Bales of wUich are — ^^^^ -^ t M^edicineB and Urug.- = -.'^"-- aPBortment ol I'rugB, 1 <: W' THE WEST SHORE. KNTAIII.ISH K.n imit. PIONBKR MKW8 AGENCY. R^I^ER, Rj^PER & CO., BOOKSELLEES AND STATIONERS, VICTORIA CRESCENT, NANAIMO, B. C. Musical InBtrumentR, Music Books, lilutik Books, Oeneral Stationery, Newspapers, Periodicals, Magazines, Fancy Goods, Toys. The only Book and Stationery Store in the city ; the larj^eht stoctk and most complete assortment. AQ-ENTS KOIi:— Taylor's Safes, Dominion Organs, Decker Bros' and Fischer's Pianos, Etc., Etc. RICHARDSON & HORNER, IMrORTKUH OF AND DEALERS hV Staple ail Fancy Diy Cools, OOMMEEOIAL ST., NANAIMO, B. 0. Millinery, Mantles, Ladles' Underwear and Qents' Furnishinff Ooods Dressmaking a Specialty. R. E. SMITH, DBALEK IN DRY GOODS, EEADY-MADE CLOTHING, Boots, Shoes and Groceries, ALSO M. P. GORDON, Caiet Mak ani l-iKlertalier. IMPOKTKR AND MANUFACTUBER OF FURNITURE OF EVERY DESORIPTION PICTURE FRAMING A SPECIALTY. KAMLOOPS. R. C. COSMOPOLITAN, KAMLOOPS, B. C, The Old Reliable and I^eading Commercial Hotel, centrally situated in the business portion of the town. A fet-Ckss House in Every Respect. Large and Spacious Dining Uooms. The table is furnished with the best the market afTords, and every attention paid to guests. The best brands of Liquors and Cigars always on band. The Leading Tailoring and Gents' Furnishing Establishment of Kamloops, ALWAYS CAHRYINO A Full Line of Suitings, KngliBh, Scotch and Canadian Tweeds. Fit and Workmanship Guaranteed. Free Sample Rooms for the Accommodation of Commercial Travelers. First-class stal ling. Ileadqiuirters of the Spalltimcheen, Okan- agan Mission and Nirola stage lines. Spallinncheen and Okanagan Mishion stage leaves every Tuefday morn- ing and arrives every Sunday afternoon. Nicola stage leaves every Monday morning and ar- rives every Friday evening. Main Street, - Kamloops. CANNELL & RATCHFORD, Mngrs. '' t*^ Siljg'i^yF^^^^BSS SNcy. S, Toys. Itc. m. ^ v t THE WEHT HUUBK KAMLOOPS. SICAMOUS. J. A.. m:^r^. GENERAL MERCHANDISE, AVliolesjxle and FlcM ail. "~ R. H. LEE, ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT, KA^MLOOPS, 13. C. Surveying of Lands and Mining Claims .1 specialty. Ind u ination given i-egarding Mining Interests in I3ritish Col nViia. Correspondence Solicited. ,1. E. SAT J( l i:ii, WATCHMAKER, JEWELEK & OPTICIAN, KAMLOOPS, B. C. All repairs guaranteed. ChargeH modenite. Work Bent by expreBS or registered mall prompt'v !"• iided to. A fine seloction of Diamonds, Watches, Jewelry, Clocks and I'laled Ware, all of the hen' .ity and at bottom (iriceB. FCIectriciaii — telephoiieH for wale. THE A8HCK0FT HOTEI., B. C. EXPRBSS CO., Iil., BlilGH & LYNB, Proprietors. First-Class Accommodations. Freight and Passenger Line of Stages Carrying Her Majesty's Mails. ASIICROFT TO CARIBOO. Cariboo and Lillooet stages arrive and dpi)art from this hotel. Tourists will find this lino passing throiiKh a country of varied Feed stable connected. Wines, Liquors and a,„i Hul.lii>ie Pcencry. The best and clior.pctHt in<-ans for Cigars at the bar. ii,o tn- iH|)ortation of freight to the upixT counto'- TfJ ASIICROFT. B. O. S. TINQLEY, Manager, - - ASHCROFT, B. C. ■ ^f'f^" !•#-■' '* 5H' ft "i I ' t : ■ < THE WEST SHORE. NANAIMO^LAND ^ OFFICE. HAWTHORNTHWAI TE, PO TTS & CO. Real Estate, Comraission, Insurance and Shipping Ag*ents. MeELMKN'S BLOCK. i<;H'rAijr.i8JiKi:) iwrr.. VANCOUYER PURmURE WAREHOUSE .TOHN HILBERT, Importer of nnd Dealer In House Furnishing Goods, Furniture, Etc. AGENT FOE THE GENUINE SINGER SEWING MACHINE. XJNI3ERTA^T<:iI>^G I:N^ ^I;L its BIiA.NCtIES. 1 The AltiiPrul llMtlin of THK UAKKIAON HOT SPKINON eudors- flfl by h11 th<) I.endliifj; FliyHlclHrm in the Country. Will Be Issued January, 1890. AN ISLAND DIRECTORY THE BADEN BADEN OF AMERICA. ANALYSIS Mude for ProfeBSor Selwin, Pirector of CJeological and Natural History survey of Canada. Sulphur 8pr. Toiupornturfl of Spring ITiO K. HpiMitiiOrnvily ICIUl.ia (BO F.) Uriiinn pur Imp. xiillon iit60F.— (Mllniuio of I'nIHHHilHIt 1,722 do Hoilium 81.2«» ilo Lithium nndl. Sulphate of H.k1b 38.(181 ifo MngnentH .147 ilo l.imi- 14.M0 ilo Htrontis undl. I'urbonsU) of liime 4.H47 do Iron vory siuall. Alumina trari'. Bilica 4.fi34 '^^ i Ifidoria anl laoaiiiio Cities, Potnnh Hpr. lailF imi.ou (BO F.) 1.414 28.8I» undl. 28.740 .1B8 16.729 undl. 2..^62 vflry t'Uiall. trace. 4.1(12 gu.()48 m.M) I have the honor to lip, sir, your obedient aerrant, (i, CU&8. HUFF- MAN, Chemiat and Mimiralogiat to the Survey, Tho most wtluhriouii part of Hritish Columbin, Abdolutely fre<> from Mahiria, Tln»*»« eivrings aro warrrintpd ti) cur« Venereal, Skin. Rheumatic anil Himilar diHiyiHos. Very beneiic.ial to Ladies for all complaiuta, while thoy are unrivnltMl for the oom|)lexioii. I'rIvHte .Swiiiiiulnii:, Needle and Donrh liallin. With trained nir :i oharije. The TourintV aud Hunter's Paradise. The hiitne of tiame ( iHh, IhintiuK Lixlges. Fxperienoed Uuidea, Sttvim, t*ail anil llow Ho., tor Huest*. Two Hotels with tirat class accommtxla- lion!"; terms, f\M , fi.W per day. Keduced rates from all Sound and ('i'a»t puinlH. i)nly in milee from VaneouvBr, H, ('., ,^ miles from Agassii Station, I ', 1'. Uy,, where comfortable ataires meet all trains. Bend for fur- ther partioulan to UUU WN BUOB,, UarriBOU Hot Bpriosa, B. C. !)-89-« A MAINLAND DIRECTORY Vancouver id New Westiiiiii ter Cities, In Two Volumes, $1.25 Per Volume, Containing useful I'rovinuiiil and Local Information, Street Directories, Classified Business Directories and Alphabetical List of Names, etc. ^\\ R. T. WILLIAMS, Publisher, liroad and Govt. Sts,, VICTORIA, li, C. THOMAS DRAPBB, Agent and Oompller, id :E trJ> THE WEST SHORE. JAMES MoINTOSH. .1. A. MARA, SHUSWAP MILLING COMPANY AND KAMLOOPS WATER WORKS COMPANY. KAMr.OOP«. H. C, Manufacturers of and Dealers in Rough and Dressed Lumber, Shingles, Etc. We also operate a Marlio Wk JIactiiiie and keep on liiiiid Wi Ibi 'ici mi' ^j||(i^ KAMLOOPS WATER W0KK8 COMPANY. biupplying the town of KamloopB with water puin|>e(l from tlio Kamloupfl river. JAMKS McINTOSH. Mana«or. THE GUEAT TRANSCONTHSTP^NTAr. ROUTE, THE NOKTHEEN PACIFIC RAILKOAD! THE DIRECT ROUTE. NO DELAYS. FAST TRAINS. ( Lowest rate* to (Chicago and all points Ea«t. Tickets sold to all prominent points throughoiii tlio Kast and Himtlinast. To Kastboiinil I'aaaxtiKxni i Be careful and do not make a mistake, but be sure to take the Northern Panitio Itailroail. and seo that jour ticket reails via Hi. I'aul or Minmrnpolis, Ut avoid obanges and serious delays occasioaed by other routes. Through Emigrant Uleepiug Cars are run on regular express trains full length of tlie line. Berths free. Low Ilates. Quick time. General Office of the Company, No. 121 First St., Portland, Or. A.. U. C'i-IAR.ijTON, Asoistunt (Jwnoriil PasHennsor AK«nl. '^H* ■^Siit w ^. «* ^ s?- r »■** THE WEST SHORE. Central Point, Or. — ■ . • • ^ THli: COMMERCIAL CEISJ^TER -m- OP THE aR3AT -^^ FRUIT GARDEN OK JiOaXJE KL^^EK VALLEY. ■•• ■•^ — PLAIN FACTS FOB INTERESTED INQUIRERS The Soil is adapted to the Cul- tiire of Fruit. Apples, Peaches, Pears, Plums, Cherries, Apricots, Grapes of all kinds, Stra^AT- berries. Blackberries, Gooseber- ries, Etc., are all grown In abuu.'ancp, and of a quality unsurpassed in the Union for size and tlavor, and are grown without irriga- tion. Land in from ONE TO FOETY ACRE PLATS On easy terms. ftS^Ihe low prices will astonish you.'tSfl For information in regard to property address C. MAG RUDER, W. A. OWEN, WM. C. LEEVER, Cliairman Board of Triigtees, Dep. U. S. Revenue Collector, • Fruit Grower, CIi::NTK^L P*OII>^T, OREGON. }' i /] >' '.•4V„ '(jlW*.- '-^-I^kS-A 1 TICTOBIA THIATRB AMD DMAKD IlOTBt, VICTOBt*, B. THU CLAMMCK, VICIOWA, B. C. '^'•n-A.. f'^t r'-^^^-Fr^T-T-trr*^ -•««». IM,-. >■'■ A ,'% •I'l" ».'«j..^y«-lSR&t«!; 'l*it<; li.'iftP^IH **^15^- *.'«iiN*\^^ 7/ GB^BUALmFORMAnoiv, fpQ n'LI'P ri A pyp A T TQT* '^^* proTiooe niTen s wida 8el<>rti miniDK, and a«Teral important worka, with a Tie* of extracting the pnf'ooa metala, hSTa baan oommaneed on both mainland and VaiioonTer ialand. Coal mining ia aUo beinK vigoroualy proaeonted. Tfl TTTP r TTl\/rRP'R.1\/r A W 1'°"'*"'* "f*"' "'"""'"•''<■*''' '''"''•'~'i<"'8l"» fi'- "Pf"**' cedar, hemlock, etc.— offer an inviting proapeot. ^^j^,^^£^5Ljyi^2J^s£iMLiBL^JB A oonatantly growing market ia already opened »p eaat of the Koukjr mountains, while local and fonign de- mand is rapid!/ inoraaaing. TO nPTTP P'T^TTFP1\/r ATir '^''^ ■"'*'"''""' ™*">'*°<' ""■"'^ o''"'' xreat inducements, the waters being alive with many varietiea ot valoabl* ,l£^^Jjy^S|^^^tS£li£Uj|i£L^^ 'ood fle^ii >• r^ almost undistarbed tor commercial pnrpoaes. The nnmeroua baya and fiorda afford well abaU Miretl harbora, while the facilities fur catching and cnring bah are unequaled. In this valuable resource there is plenty of room for profitable investmsnt of capita!, TCi TTTP ^TDOTT Ti A T^PT) ^ '^''"''^ extent of good grazing land is yet available in the interior of the province east of the Cascads mooii' METEOBOLOGIOAL OBSERVATIONS AT NEW WESTMINSTEB, B. C, FOB 1888. Latitade i.g deg. 12 mm. 47 sec. N, Longitnde 123 deg. SS min. 19 sec. W. Barometer IS feet above sea level; Thermometer 4 feet above ground. Mpximnm barometer , . Minimum barometer. . . Moan temperatnre Above ur below mean . Mazimam temperature Uinimnm tempnratnre Sainfall in inches Above or below maAn. . Oreateet day's fall Days rain or anow fall. . Bnow in inches Greatest day's tall Days snow (ell Cloudy days ovor Si covered,. Fair days ki to X covered Clear days U to covered. .... Jannary. to. 70 29 89 279 b4 » M.U 2.0 7.11 bO.46 1.45 IK 19 9.0 8 20 ft a February March, ao.48 29.57 41 A 4.6 52.0 Sl.O S.SD nl 82 2.0i 16 14 13.0 2 24 5 80.33 29.!M 40.6 A 0.6 560 25.0 6 75 A 0.07 1.56 14. 1.5 1.0 2 17 10 4 April. 80.81 29 49 49.7 A 1.5 67.0 84 8 78 A 0.60 0.S3 18 B. 18 12 May. 80.07 • 29.43 58.4 A4.1 86.0 46.0 1.40 V l.Ol C 42 .0 8 7 16 Jane. July. 29.99 80.20 29.28 29 64 61.6 634 A83 AO.S 80.0 900 48.0 48.0 5.48 1.47 A 3.04 B020 1.08 0.62 14 6 16 10 10 8 4 18 August. 30.10 29.57 864 A8 3 85.0 • 58.0 0.45 Bl 58 066 8 12 8 11 Beptem. 80.80 29.57 61.1 A49 82.0 46.0 1.78 Bl.42 0.21 7 9 8 18 October. 80.20 29.44 ta.i AS. 5 73. 84.0 8.94 A 3.83 1.87 17 21 6 4 Novem. 80.80 29.43 48.9 A 8.4 52 ■250 7.80 A 0.10 1.11 28 3 4 Decern. 80.22 29.89 41.9 A 7.4 565 25.0 10.79 A 1.81 2.03 19 18 6 7 TO PPTTTT nDOWPD^ An immense ama, extending through fourteen degrees of longitude and three or tour degrees of latitude, is ad> JtJ[^j^2JU^Ju^^££S;ii22^!aBS mirably adapted to fruit raising. This will soon become a most important industry, aa marketa asa opening up in every direction, except south. , TO T'TTP PAPl\/rPR Seeking a desirable and profitable field, Britinh Columbia has yet mnoh to offer him. Oenerally speaking, govera> ^■a^Ja&^i^^^SiiilBiMMaB mciit ;Bnd8 are now more or less remote from present centers of population. Pre-emption and railway landa are sold for f 1.00 per acre. If more than a pre-emption claim of 160 acreu west of the Cascade mountains, and 320 east, is required from the provincial govern- ment, the price is ^^.50 per acre; and if more '..nan 80 acrea from the Ksquimalt & Nanaimo Railway Company, $S 00 per acre ia charged. TO 'I'Up l\/rAW OP PATVfTTV f"® '<''■""' •y"'®™"' 'J"*'"'' ColumMa is most attractive and satisfactory. Not only is tuition effi- J^JL/^i^^^UL|^iXLAi^|,^^^^^^iJJ[£~~j[^ oient and absolutely free, but neoeesary school buildings are erected and incidental expenses paid by the government. Educational facilities are within reach of almost every settler in the province, as fourteen children from six to sixteen yeara of ags are all that is required to oonslitute a school district. High schools are eetablished in Victoria, Now Westminster and Nanaimo, Vancouver will be the t'^at of a large high soho*i»"B°>'><'®°t<">B''™'"B"*''" i w lo Bakers (with board nnd lodging) 65.00 permo. 350 5.00 i.m 3JX) 3.a) 1.50 Wi' '■m ill: Butchers (cntters) /75.00 to 100.00 per mo. Slaughterers 75.00 " Cigar makers 2.50to 4.00perday. Boys, as strippers, etc 2.00 to K.OO per wk. Printers 45 and SOcts. per KHMems. Wagon makers 3 60 to 4.00 per day. Tinxmiths, plumbers and gasfitters ,.... 3.50to 4.00 " • Machinists, moulders, pattern and boiler makers and blacksmiths 4.00to 4.50 " Longsliori-men SOots. nn honr. Female dfimestic servants -.... 15.00 to '25.00 per mo. More detailed information can be obtained on application to Mr, John Jossop. Dominion Immigration Agent, Victoria. B. C; to Mr. John Rprott, inrial Immigration Agei:t, New Westminster, B. C.; to Mr. M. Sutherland, Dominion Imr. igration Agent, Vancouver, B. C; or to Mr. H. C. Beeton, it-Qeneral for the Fr<)vince, 33 Finsbnry Circus, London, England. Provincial Agent ~ Wm !"'H'"^Sti m felH itiip i}|/.p>i:v ',■•■•!.] ilfiK ii I i >'r 1 mpi W i imi it 1 ^ h m If r* ■ ■^r '•■T|p*;'j- II»' Al tin **•» iiii^l lUiil •»*•