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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre ffilmte A des taux de rMuction diffffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clich*. il est ffilmA A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche h droite. et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammas suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 FURTHER REMARKS ON the VOYAGES OF JOHN ME J RES, Efq. IN WHICH Several important Facts, mifreprefented in the faid Voyages, RELATIVE TO GEOGRAPHY and COMMERCE, ARE FVLLY SUBSTANTIATED. ■ ( To which is added, A LETTER from CAPTAIN DUNCAN, CONTAIMIKO A decifive Refutation of,feveral unfounded Awertions of Mr. MEARES, And a final Ri^fly to his Answer. • Y GEORGE DIXON, LATE COMMANDER OF THE QyEEN CHARLOTTE IN A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD. LONDON: PRINTED FOR JOHN STOCKDALB, PICCADILLY ; AND GBORCE GOVLDIMO, JAMES STREET, COVBNT GARDEN. M.DCC.XCI. [PRICE THREE SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.] ,.,-».. - ., ^ ^,^^ glP^fc.»— ■ . — i- ■! uft, ■it.fv ^ - aii it t t'-' -s.iA < rfi<» g. , * lili > >^ llii I i WIW ri liM '■•.: ;V. j/t. i' j «», ■*4fcii "'i*^' ■*»• ^^.^i.* »««Ajfe95i(^(. 2 ^ ^^^V\^' TO JOHN M E A R E S, Esq, SIR, A Contention between individuals is feldom of fufficient importance to be communicated to the Public ; as, generally ipeaking, few are entertained by, and flill fewer are intereAed in, the concerns of private perfons : the prefent cafe, however, I humbly conceive not as merely relating to Mr.Meares andmyfelf, but of real importance to all who may hereafter be concerned in profecuting the commerce of which it is the fubje^, or navigating the ieas where that commerce is carried on. . n . So ,, It 2:G05 '.<-i"»i«giWiiiiiiiii 'i'^: 4 FURTHER REMARKS on It was fiotn this idea that I pointed out fome of the errors in your late publicaiibn, and I am inclined to think that you, In fome degree at leaft, feel the judice of my remarks ; for in a pamphlet juft published by you, intitled, " An Anfwer to Mr. George Dixon," Sec. you attempt to refute them ; but it does not appear to me, nor I believe to any unprejudiced reader, that you have fucceeded in a fingle inflance : I fhall therefore oppof^ a plain, fimple (latement offaiis, to your weak, fallacious realbn- ings, and leave a candid public to determine between us. > i At the conclufion you obferve, that *• it really became your beaded zeal for the right information of the public, to have added a few more of my inconfifteucies," &c. ' ^ . J. As you fecm to think this my duty, I will, previous to the dif- cuffion of your pamphlet, point out zfew more of your incon- fiftencies. In page 8 of your Introdudory Voyage, fpeaking of the inha- bitants of Ounalaflika, you obferve •' That their diet confifts entirely of fifh, with the oil of the fame for fauce ;" but a little farther MEARES's VOYAGES. 5 farther in the fame page, an add'tion is made to their diet, and we ate told, that «« The only vegetable thefe Iflands produce is wild celery, which the natives eat as it is pulled out of the ground." To fliew you that wild celery is not the only vegetable found at Ounalalhka, I fhall take the liberty of quoting a paflage from Captain Cook, and efpecially as you wifli me to perufe his voy- ages with attention.— In Capt. Cook's laft Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, vol. ii. page 519, we find that «♦ There are a great variety of plants at Ounalalhka, and inoft of them were in flower the latter end of June. Several of them are fuch as we find in Europe, and in other parts of America, particularly in New- foundland, and others of them, which are alfo met with in Kamtfchatka, are eat by the natives both there and here. — Of thefe, KrafheninikofF has given us defcriptions. The princi- pal one is the farame^ or lily root, which is about the fize of a root of garlick, round, made tip of a number jjQnall cloves, and grains like groats. We muft reckon, amongft :he food of the natives, fome other wild roots, the ftalk of a plant refembling angelica ; and berries of feveral different forts, fuch as bramble- berries, cranberries, hurtle-berries, heath-berries, a fmall red B beriy. i FURTHER REMARKS on berry, which in Newfoundland is called pariridgc-bcrry ; and another brown berry unknown to us. Here are a few other plants which are found fcrviceable, but are not made ufe of by cither RuHlans or natives; fuch as wild purflain, pea>tops, a kind of fcurvy-grafs, crefles, and fome others. All thele we found very palatable, drefled either in foups or in fallads." Of the above quotations, I have to remark that Captain Cook vifited the place the latter end of June and October, you was there the l;itter end of Augud, and furely it is not confident with reafon to fuppofe, that during the fpace of ten years the face of things were fo entirely changed, that every production of nature was Ivvept away, except " wild celery." A little farther on (at page lo) we are tokl, that " with this defign we purpofed to make one port to the weftward of Cook's River ; and, in coafting alpng, we faw a large opening, which appeared to be formed by an ifland, we accordingly fleered in for it, and when we were within it, it appeared of very great extent, taking a north eafterly courfe. As we now thought ourfclves clear of the Ruffians, we were in continual expe£lation of being vifitcd ^^ iitui^ii**>taf ■s-n-T--'*^ -r -jia^'f'W^*- ..**»tf,^*irA,-*3iw«(J* MEARES's VOYAGES. ^f vifitcd by the natives, and commencing the advantageous part of our voyage ; though we are at a lofs how to reconcile it, that fo large a flrait (hould not have been obferved by Captain Cook. Having continued our courfe up it about twenty leagues, a canoe came off to us from the inland fide with three people in it, one of whom came on board, who proved to be a Ruflian Teaman. He was a very intelligent man, and informed us that this was the ifland of Kodiack, that the crews of three galliots were on duty there, and that there was another Ifland of the fame name along the coaA. This intelligence was by no means pleafing, as it daflied at once all our hopes of obtaining any trade, at any immc< diate place, between Cook'^s River and the Schumagin Ifles. We therefore contii; jed ouv paflage through the flraits, which were named Petrie's Straits, in honour of William Petrie, Efq. and found it brought us out near that point forming Cook's River, and diAinguifhed by the name of Cape Douglas on Captain Cook's Chart. Thefe ftraits are upwards of ten leagues in length, and about fifteen in breadth, and cut off a very large traft of conti- nent from the former charts." As I could not by any means unr- derftand the above quotation, I of courfe applied to your chart, entitled ♦• A Chart of the Northern Pacific Oceap, conialning the Z North I ', FURTHER REMARKS on North Eaft Coaft of Afia, and North Weft Coaft of America, ex- plored in 1778 and 1779, by Captain Cook, and farther ex- plored in 1788 and 1789, by John Mcares," hoping that would let me right ; but here I found myfelf wofully miftaken, for in that coaft you make the ftraits juft mentioned, thirty-fx ieagues long, and inftead of its agreeing with your verbal dcfcription of the place, I find you have taken it either from Mr. Arrowfmith's chart, or a chart entitled " Cartes des Defcouveries faites par Je Ruifes, ct par le Capitaine Anglois, Jacque Cook, dans la Mer du Sud," published in 1787, in which there is a particular chart of the iflands forming thefe ftraits by Mr. IfmylofF, the largeft of which he calls Kijhtac, but as he did not think proper to name the ftraits* you Mr. Meares have done it for him."* ^ » § I remember when I was on board your veffel in Prince Wil- liam's Sound, that you told me you entered the ftraits juft men- tioned in the latitude 58" north, or nearly fo, and that it was To foggy, you thought the land to the eaftward to be the barren iflands, until a Ruftian acquainted you it was Kodiack ; at the * This chart is particularly interefting, as on it we find the tracks of the velTcls commanded by the Captains Beering and Tfchirikow. fame ME ARES's VOYAGES. ^ fame time, you pointed out to me the Whitfuntidc Bay of Cap- tain Cook, as the place where you entered the (Iraits ; but it (hould feem, that fince you have Teen either of the above charts, the fog is cleared away, and you can now point out to a certainty where you entered this ftrait. • , ^ ; ■. - In a note, page 24, of your IntroduAory Voyage, arc thefe words, ** When our mutual furprife was in fome roeafure abated. Captain Dixon was informed by me of my condition and the misfortunes we had encountered. To which he replied, that it only lay in Captain Portlock's power to lend us the afltftance he (aw we fo much wanted, and that he purpofed to depart very early in the morning to the (hips, which were didaut near twenty leagues; he alfo added, he was certain Captain Portlock would put to Tea immediately on his hearing this intelligence of us." Any perfon on reading the above paflage, would infer, that Cap- tain Portlock would put to Tea purpofely to avoid affording you the afliftance you fo much wanted, and that I had told you fo ; the fa£k was, I informed you that when I left the veflels. Cap- tain Portlock was going to lay them on (hore in order tn examine their bottoms ; that I exposed by i\\c time 1 got back, they C woulii* f! ■ni JO FURTHER REMARKS on would be ready for fea, and that when he came to hear of your wintering in the Sound, and other veflels being on the coaft, he would think it unneceiTary to wait any longer^ as no trade could be expedled. Further on in the fartie note, you cbferve, " a few hours after die departure of Captain Dixon, it occurred to me, that if we could pofllbly hunch the long-boat and proceed to the ihip, it might be the means of Securing f, and the falfhood of your aflertions." You begin by obftrving, that " In a work, entitled, A Voyage round the World by Captain George Dixon, and which is dedi- cated to fuch a refpeftable characler as Sir Jofeph Banks, by the £ime l:( • ■^ MEARES's VOYAGES. »5 £ime George Dixon ; who, in the dedication of the volume, re- prefents himfelf as the Author," &c.— In that dedication I return my fincere acknowledgements to Sir Jo(eph Banks for his conde- fcending to favour me with hb name to it ; but if you had taken the trouble of perufing my Introduction to the work mentioned in the above quotation, you would have found in it the fol- lowing paflage : — ** It yet remains for me to befpeak the candour and indulgence of the reader, in perufing the following work, as it was written by a perfon on board the Queen Charlotte, who has been totally unufed to literary purfuits,^ and equally fo to a fea- faring life. However, to obviate any objeiflion that might pofTibly artfe from his deficiency in nautical knowledge, I have been par- ticularly careful in correding that part of the work.** The perfon juft alluded to has alfb put the initials of his name to each Jitter, and, as I informed you in my lafl, is in London,. to that 1 could not eafily ♦* reprefent myfelf as the author." You next come to that part where notice is "taken of your people having free accefs to fpirituous liquors. I have every rea,- iibn to believe that the paflage quoted by you, and on which you z are a 51 i6 FURTHER REMARKS •v axe fo very free in your remarks, was inferted from the pofitWe aflertions of your own people : but I can fpeak with certainty of its pernicious ef^s, for two of my people, who were along with me when on board your veflel, were totally unable to do any duty ^r a confidecahle time, entirely owbg to drinking grog mixed lyith your rum, as you were pleafed to call it. I naturally im«r gined at firA that this arofe from their drinking to excefs, but I found this was not the cafe, though it feems the allowance at that time, on board your vefiel, was raiinr more than ** half a pint a day per man,** for your people brought the fpirits by pailfuls. >'\ REMARK L^L.. ■-i» .--*.— ~< f li i- iii m^t i i, II H II l« ' i MEARES'8 VOYAGES. »7 REMARK Tujt SECOND, . AFTER altering fbtoe cxpr^ffioM which you % aroic from the hafte with which your Voyages were prepared to meet the circumfiances of the moment, you have tbefe words: **ThaC you fupplied the Captains Duncan and Colnett, in their diftrefs, with one puncheon of molalles, fome Sandwich Ifland pork, ar- ticles of trade, a copy of your charts, and part of your log-book,, may be very true. But will you take upon you to fay, that this fupply was equal to their diftrelTed condition, or to your power of alleviating it ? — If the latter, from what idle vanity did you make a boafl, en your arrival at Canton, that, although you had been out twenty-three months, you had nooccafion to purchafe any article of (lores or provifiojas for y^uir homeward- bound voyage to England.'* To thefe queries, though made with a degree of haughtinefs peculiar to Mr. Meares, I readily anfwer, — That the fupply in qucdion was all in my power to grant, without a material injury. to my own (hip's crew, except a little vinegar, which was in^ £ tended i i t — Hm I « t« FURTHER REMARKS on tended for them, but omitted to be put on board through mere inadvertency and hurry at parting. To fatisfy the public that I could not have the •• id/e vamtf* of making a boafl in Canton, that I wanted neither (lores nor pro- viiions, although I had been from England tvventyrfix months, I (hall here give a lift of what articles I purcliafed at Canton and St. Helena : \ \' ■ ! i? m At Canton. St. Helena^ Arrack, 325 gallons Tar, 3 barrels Pitch, 3 barrels Canvas, 2 bolts Twine, 18 (kains Ehmmer, 3001b. Canvas, 1 bolt Tar, 1 barrel Pitch, I ditto Twine, 1 2 pounds Rice, 5 bags Potatoes, 20 bu(hels. 2 A little if-ti^Jum-^-^ ^ mmm-r,. i^'JiX..^.*- -■ _*.-. "■'*"■ ■" ' "*--S'*»i'-i*#**#MI''~ .-"-■-'^•j'"*"""'''''*'* \ MEARES's VOYAGES. »9 A Htde hnhet on you fay, " Nor do I fear to hazard an opinion that the return of the Princefs Royal to China was owing to your avarice; had (he received from you, Sii, what you could To well have fpared, and fetting a(ide the common di£l:ates of humanity, you ought to have bedowed for the intereft of your owners, that vefTel might have remained another feafon on the coafl of America. Captain Duncan is now in London, and I am moft willing to reft my credit on his teftimony, refpefUng all I have faid concerning the tranfadlions between that worth^' man and yourfelf. If you do not recollect the precife quantity of thofe fpirits, (lores, &c. which, after a three year's voyage, you brought back to the Thames, the Me(rrs. £)tches*s, perhaps, will trouble them(elves to re-inform you." — In the copy of your Memorial prefented to the Houfe of Commons, I find that Meflfrs. £tches*s and yourfelf arc in partnerihip ; I ahi furpri(ed they (hould negle£t informing you not only of the quantity and quality of the returned (lores, fpirits, &c but the time when, and the place where they were bought, as they are in my account which was delivered to tliem upwards of two years ago ; perhaps, as that account yet remains unfettled, they, in the great hurry of bufuiefs fuch pui/ic \ ■! Hi ■a mi l l f: ( »9 I'URTHER REMARKS •> public l^riud Merchants in general are, have not ha4 tioM to took ib over. You fay you are moft wintng^ to reft your credit with the publie- on the teftimony of Captain Duncan, fo far as relates to the tran* faAions betwixt him and yourielf; this being the cafe, I fliallhcre infert a letter I have received from that Gentleman.; and the more willingly, as it contains information in regard to that part of the coaft which Captain Duncan explored, which neither Captain Douglas, yourfelf,. or any other perlbn had la their power to lay before the public. iJ ro Captain GEORGE D I X O R "SIR, HAVING fecn a letter from you addrefled to John Meares^, £fq. containing feme remarks on that Gentleman's Voyages to the North- Wefl Coaft of America, I was not a little furprized to MEARES's VOYAGES. at to find he had made an attack upon you in his publication ; but much more fo, on feeing he had named me as the author of his unfounded aflertions ; which, I would hope waf> not fo much meant to prejudice me, as to fwell his o^yn volume. I. " • ■ " However, my good Sir, I find your friendly offices have not been wanting, during my abience, to vindicate me, which, though with jullice you could do ; I cannot but feel grateful for fuch a mark of friendship. He probably thought that I might never return from Hudfon's Bay, or that I would pafs over in filence his unmerited accufations. ." When I firft met Lieutenant Mcares on the Weft fide of America, I thought him both the oflBcer and the gentleman, and am willing to confidcr him fo ftil) ; but the latter towards me he has deviated from widely, particularly fo, as after his profefiions of friendship, I had every reafon to expeft the reverfe of what I have met with. • V " In page 201, Voyages to the North- Weft: Coaft of Ame- rica, I have feen the following note : " On inquiry of Captain F Dun- ^'. 'A.-Vi'* "**'-' ^^f^-:. .y. '■""'•- -*""-^r'— •- « !|: 'i 11 1 \K I 11 lURTIIER REMARKS on Duncan Cjonccrniug h'u diArefled condition, he told me that he bad met Captain Dixon in the Queen Charlotte, and though that (hip was on her return to China, and abundantly ilocked with every thing, and though Hie belonged to the fame owners with the Princcfs Royal, the provident commander thought it much better to carry all his {lores back to China, than to fpare any of them to the latter veflel, though they would have been ib great an alleviation to the hardfliips of her voyage.** ** The foregoing aflertion I avow to be without fsundation ; he lays, " the Queen Charlotte was on her return to China." That fliip at the time I met her never had been at China, and had been from England twenty-three months, I had not been quite ten, when you were kind enough to fpare the Prince of Wales and Princefs Royal, one puncheon of Mobiles, two calks of Sandwich Ifland Pork, a quantity of trading goods which were divided between the two aforelaid veliels, we alfo took many ufe- ful remarks from your journals, &c. all of which were of infinite fervice to ourfelves and owners. After which it is very impro- bable I Ihould be guilty of fuch ingratitude to a man I received fuch attention from ; particularly not having it in my power to make t-"^^ u m' m ^ m i m » ^*-0*^- ^,-.- dift for the whole, after which, a writ of error was brought, and a bill of Chancery filed to delay payment by all the parties, and the money is not yet recovered.— I will juft obferve, that I arrived in the port of London in September 1788, and Captain Duncan the following Auguft. " I met ■M«taiik> NW*» u FURTHER REMARKS on ) ,'(. S!' ** I met him, as he relates, excepting the diftrefs, he Tays, I was in; it is true, I received. fome afliilance from him, which, though I was not diftreft for, proved very acceptable. I will men- tion the articles I received ; which were, forty gallons of arrack, five gallons of brandy, one quarter cheft of tea, twoChinahams, one pine-apple cheefe, fome rice and pepper, and twenty pound of tobacco for my crew. The plentiful fupply of provifions that I procured at the Sandwich Ifles the Winter before, had amply re- lieved my diftrefs ; and I was happy then to have it in my power to return the favour I received from Lieutenant Meares ; and I well know, that what he got la return, was equally acceptable ; as, from his own information, he was in want of provifion. I fent on board the Felice, one caflc of beef, two of pork, thirty fathoms of nine inch cable, one anchor of four hundred weight, and a grindftone ; the three laft articles were of equal fervice with the former, he having at that time a fmall veffel on the flocks at Nootka ; where he told me he had a fort, guns mounted, ;md Pcriugtiefe colours flying. •' The next thing I have to redify is, his miftak'e in fliying, *' I occupied almoft a whole fummer at Queen Charlotte's Ifles, 2 and ■ ^*"**Wi'lnliwii)||Wwt|Bi|ii ** I fhatl refute his tnifreprefentations, by entering into a fliort detail of my proceedings that fummer. ■ i • MEARES*s VOYAGES. 25 and yet ftrangc to tell, that I quitted the coaft of America with- out knowing that Captain Douglas had already taken the fame courfe.'* • ; 1 * iT . • ' . ' 4* ; ' * . " '' ' " n '* From this aflertion, my owners, and thofe who read Lieute- nant Meares's publication, may conclude, that I loitered away the fummer of 1788, which he alludes to, at fo confined a foot as Queen Charlotte's Ifles. it I ** After having fpent three of the winter months among the Sandwich Ifles,— on the 20th of March I left the Ifland One- ehow, in company with the Prince of Wales, and flood to the northward in order to get on the coad of America as foon as pofTible. ** On the 31ft of March we parted company by confent, the Prince of Wales for Prince William's Sound, and the Princefs Royal for Nootka, in which harbour I anchored at 1 1 o'clock at G night, I I i j; :^t MEARBS's VOYAGES. ai to mjffdf, and if ycHk think it noerits a place in jroUf fteit 90l)lica> ttoo, you have my liberty for putting it in. " I am iincercly yours, ■ "CHARLES DUNCAN. IJUngton^ Jan. 17, 1791. *' N. B. At the time I met Captain Meares ofTNootka, he had only one calk of beef and of pork on board the Felice, as he afterwards informed me by letter, while I lay at Ahoufet, and iaid that his confbrt, the Iphigenia, was more diftreiled than he was ; the Felice's compliment were 35 men ; it appears abfurd, where he mentions I could not get to China without tea, grog, and tobacco, at that time I had plenty of Indian tea on board ; ipirits I had been without upwards of twelve months, and tobacco I never make ufe of any. Some of my crew are here upon the fpot who were on board the Felice, and can certify who were , the mofl in diftrefs ; my crsw having as much as they could eat of Sandwich Ifland pork, bread, flour, and fpruce beer. His people declared that they were fed upon iron hoops and beads, "' , •'" -':''■''■' ■■' '• ■- , '■" " •' ■ allu- ♦ ", 3% FURTHER REMARKS ok alluding to their having been ferved with pieces of iron hoops and beads to procure fi(h from the natives to fubfifl: upon, not having taftcd meat for two months." 4,, t Vf IN order that the public may fee fomc of your a£^ions, men- tioned in Captain Duncan's letter, in their true light, I (hall here quote an extraftfrom the memorial prefented by you to the Houfe of Commons. — " Your memorialift thinks it neceflary upon this occafion to explain, that in order to evade the exceffive high port charges demanded by the Chinefe from all other European nations, excepting the Portuguefe, that he and his alTociates had obtained the name of JuanCawalho to their firm, though be had no adhial concern in their ftock ; that Cawalho, though by birth a Portu- guefe, had been naturalized at Bombay, and had refided there for many years, under the protedlion of the Eaft India Company, and had carried on an extenfive trade from thence to their feveral fettlements in that part of the world. •itAi ^ That /;liift*r•#«^««^B*♦ MEARES'8 VOYAGES. 33 " That the intimacy fubftfting between Cawalho and the Go- vernor of Macao, had been the principal cauie of their forming this nominal conueftion ; and that Cawalho had in confequence obtained his permiflion that the two (hips above mentioned, in cafe itjhould be found convenient fo to do^ fbould be allowed to navi- gate under, or claim any advantages granted to the Portuguefc a That diis permiflion had anfwered the purpofe of your memorialift, fb far as refpefted the port charges of the Chinefe, until the return of the Iphigenia ; but the Portuguefc Governor dying Toon after her departure, and Cawalho becoming a bank- rupt, his creditors demanded his intereft in that (hip ; that your memorialifl having refiiled their claim, an application was made by them to the fucceeding Governor for poiTeflion of the (hip ; that the Governor had, in confequence, invefligated the tranfac- tion, and finding that Cawalho had no a£tual concern or intereft in the property, obliged her to quit the port ; that this proceeding had fubjefted the Iphigenia at once, to the increafed port charges, which were inflantly demanded by, and paid to, the Chinefe. ■•• Your 3* FURTHER REMARKS on <( Your memorialifl: has dated this tranra£lion thus fuUy« in or* der to fhew that the Iphigcnia and her cargo were adtually^ and hna fide^ Britiih property, as well as to explain the occafion of the orders which were given to her commander.'* tl You, perhaps, may remember, Sir, that when I firft went on board your veflel in Prince William's Sound, I inquired by what authority you was trading on that coaft under Englifh co- lours ; at the fame tinie I informed you that no velTels under (uch colours had any right there, unlefs they had a licence from the South Sea Company, this you declared you had not: ihortly af- terwards, when you came on board our veffels at Montague Ifland, you perufed our licence from the South Sea Company, and I doubt not but you afterwards faw it at Canton, for mine • was in the hands of Mr. Cox, at whofe houfe you refided. From this ftatement of fatfls, your hailing Captain Duncan under Por- tuguefe colours, and afterwards acquainting him that you had * I have left Captain Duncan's letter, my South Sea licence, the Eaft India Company's licence, the Articles figned by my people for performing the voyage, and Mr. Etches's inftrudtions to Captain Portlock, in the hands of Mr. Stockdale, where any gentleman may perufe them. a ' a fort \ k-!"**^ MEAftteS'8 VOYAGES. II a fort in Nootka with guns mounted, and Portuguefe colours fly* ling over them, it appears perfeAly evident that to evaJe the Chi* ntfi fort charges vtras not your only motive for procuring Juan Cawalho*s name to your firm ; for neither that name, or the Por- tuguefe colours at Nootka, could any ways affe£t the port duties- at Canton : no, Sir, your principal motive was to evade the South Sea Company's licence \ fearful that you might fall in with fome Britifh (hip, who probably would ieize your veflel and bring you to England : upon my word. Sir, this conduct proved you to be a man of bufinefs^ with a vengeance, it was properly ** killing two birds with onejlone.** You fay in " Remark the Third," «« With refpcft to the equipment of the King George and Queen Charlotte, I reprefent- ed it as it was, of a very fuperior kind, fuch as the port of Lon- don could alone afibrd." If this really was the cafe, that no port but London could af- ford fuch an equipment, you ought to have given a lift of it, as that would be of the utmofl fervice to merchants who fend (hip» on diftant voyages from any other port, particularly as we find in » . ■ . your . i r 3* FURTHER REMARKS on your publication, that you are ponefled of fuch a patriotic fpirit as to venture not only your fortune, brt what is ftill dearer, your lifCf ir Javour of Britijh commerce. Had your partners not been r.ble to have furnifhed you with a lid of the articles both (hips had on board, I could have given you a particular account of the flores and provifions fent on board the Queen Charlotte, had you applied tome. ' Farther on, in the fame remark, " It may indeed be pre- fumption in me to appear to know more of the obje£ls of your own voyage than yourfelf ; but, notwithftanding your affertion to the contrary, I am ftill of opinion that one of them was to form fettlements and facJlories on the coaft of America, and that for this purpofe, Mr. Wilby was put on board the King George to undertake the direftion of an infant colony with proportionable men and artificers. Befides, I have now before me a copy of the orders given to Mr. Portlock who had the honour of command- ing you ; which were drawn up by Meffrs. Etches, &c. in the true fpirit of commercial underftanding and honour. Thefe in- ftruftions particularly recommend their commanders to fix an cftablifhment in Nootka Sound ; and as it was not the incapacity, at ■5?Jl»s«r.>»- MEARES'« VOYAGES. 31 ^ at leaft of your equipments, or a deficiency in your inftru£lIons, »»'hich prevented you from performing that part of your duty, you would have done well not to have mentioned the fubje£t at all, if you had no better means of juftification than evafion and falfehood." In regard to that part of this remark, where you fay that Mr. Wilby was put on board the King George to un- dertake the dire£lion of an infant colony, with proportionable men and artificers ; I anfwer, that no fuch men were on board either the King George or Queen Charlotte as you defcribe, to at- tend Mr. Wilby ; our people having all, to my certain know- ledge, (igned articles for a voyage of three years and a half out and home. Again, in the part of the inflru£lions you have quoted, we find that the men to be left with this Governor, that was to be, were ** to turn out volunteers, to be companions to Mr. Wilby." In my veflel, I had no fuch volunteers, neither, I dare fay, had Captain Portlock ; and if he had, as the inArudions you have been pleafed to favour the public with a part of^ inved- ed him with a difcretional power to fettle them at any place he thought proper on the coaft, I fhould imagine, had Mr. Wilby and his volunteers only hinted to him a wi(h to ftay, he would have complied with their requeft at Port Etches ; for, by his own K words» 38 FURTHER REMARKS on words, he feems to think this an eligible place for a fettlement, for, fpeaking of Port Etches, in his Voyage, page 251, he fays» *• It hath fcveral advantages over any place 1 have (een on the coaft ; one of them is, that it lies fo near the fea, that m all pro- bability it would be one of the lafl places that would freeze, and one of the firft in which the ice would break up. In the next place, you would be much fheltered by the high land lying to the eaflward and northward, from the bleak winds in the winter^ and you have all the fouthern afped: open over the low land which lies to the fouthwardof you, -vhich land, in a little time, might be turned to very ufeful purpofes in raifing articles of food for the fettlers." To the latter part of your remark, where you aflerti •' I had no better means of juftiiication, than evafion and falfe- hood j" I anfwer, if you, Mr. Meares, really think fo, why did you not produce, (as I am fure Meflrs. Etches would have fa- voured you with fuch a thing, sf they had it^ a copy of the agreement between them, ainl thofe men and artificers they had engaged to attend this paper governor ? But though neither Capt. Portlock or myfelf could find volunteers to quit our veflels and live on Aiore, it is pretty evident that you had thofe on board who preferred the£hore> without either fettlement or pioteAion, to z your I,}. >■» . ? i ii\ MEARES's VOYAGES. 39 your fliip ; for what rcafon, I Ihall leave the public to judge after quoting the following paflage from Portlock's Voyage, page 254. " I omitted in its proper place to mention, that at the fouth part of the little bay where we found the water-creffes, we faw a tree with an infcription on it, the charadters, fome were of opi- nion, were Greek ; but for my own part J could not make out what moft of them were ; they were badly cut. It appeared to me as if the infcription had been made in the latter part of the laft year, and I am of opinion by a man, who, fome time after the Noot- ka*s arrival, left her ; this man is a native of one of the iflands in the Mediterranean, and it ihould feem was drove from the Nootka by bad ufage^ and I believe is ftill among the Indians." 'Immediately after that part of Mr. Etches's inftru£tions to Cap.- tain Portlock, which you have thought fit to favour the public with, you obferve, that " more clear and explicit inftruftions were perhaps never given than thofe delivered by your owner to Captain Portlock and yourfelf; and never were orders more ftrangely perverted, or more fhamefully difobeyed." — Had you, Mr. Meares, not mutilated thofe " c/ear and explicit injlru^iiom" as you think proper to call them, the public might have feen the fol- Tl -liiiH— II MM 40 FURTHER REMARKS on I, following paffage : " And as it is impoflible to forefce the acci- dents that may arife in fuch a voyage, you have full power to aft according to your own difcretion for the benefit of the undertaking." And that Captain Portlock did adt for the benefit of the under- taking, according to the beft of his knowledge, as far as circum- flances would permit, there is not a fhadow of doubt. You next obferve, that " Your deftinatjon was King Geoi'ge*s Sound, where you were to eflablifh a factory; and which, ftrange to tell, you never ventured to enter. The King Gfeorge and Queen Charlotte arrived off the Sound from Owhyhee, one of the Sandwich Ifles, with their crews in full health and fpirits ; there you remained upwards of a fortnight, without pufliing into the Sound : by day, indeed, you neared the land, and fome- times even made the opening of the Sound, but no fooner did the favouring night approach, than you retreated, and took care to run farther out to fea than you could make the following day. Though, if I am not very much mifinformed, your fliip was often tacked, and her head pointed to the land, without your knowledge, and without the defired fuccefs." Of all your mif- reprcfentations I have had occafiou to notice, fcarcely any of them M. ^^:,,^ MEARES's VOYAGES. 41 them are fo palpably falfe as that jufl quoted. The time from our leaving the Sandwich Ifles, to our arrival off King's George's Sound, was three months and ten days, during which time, we had been in Cook's River ; " after leaving that place, we {leer- ed to the fouthward and eaflward, attempting at feveral places to come to anchor, but without fuccefs ; arrived off K'.ig George's Sound, September 23d, and after repeatedly attempting to get in, the weather all the time being very ftormy, we gave it up at 7 o'clock, P. M. on the zStbi and flood for the Sandwich Iflands." ,>.... ,1 ' • ^ ....... . By the above account, taken from the logg-book, the reader will at once perceive that you have only added nine days to the time wc were off Nootka : you have alfo only modejity hinted^ that we made a direfl: courfe from Owhyhee to King George's Sound ; off which place we arrived with the crews full of health and fpirits : for fliame, Mr. Meares ! how' could you poflibly make thefe aflertions, when you muft know that '* a plain tale would put. you down ?** ■ ■ , < - * \ I! ■i- You fay, ** By day you neared the land, and fometimes even made the opening of the Sound ; but no fooner did the/avoun'ng night -..I .:-— .^" .l"^..-. ^-% 4» FURTHER REMARKS on 1j night approach, than you retreated." — Be fo good, Sir, as to in- form us why the night become fo peculiarly favourable for enter- ing Nootka Sound, where the fhores are lined with funken rocks,, fome of which lie a league or more from the Ihore. (Vide- Cook's laft Voyage, vol. ii. page 265, and his Sketch of Nootka^ Sound.) • ■ But, perhaps, as you was a fettler there, you have found a re- gular fea and land wind at the place, which fets out all day, anrV in at night ; though it is the reverfe to all winds of the kind I ever heard of : was this the cafe, you ought to have given an ac- count of it in your publication. You next obferve, that if you are not very much mifinformed, " my (hip was often tacked, and her head pointed to the land without my knowledge." This affer- ticn favours fo much of real ignorance in nautical matters, that I ihould have thought a gentleman of Mr. Meares's profejfional knowledge would only have laughed at fuch information, if any fuch he really had ; but I ihould not now be furprifed to hear you advance, that on leaving England I fell afleep, and never waked until I was on board your veiTel in Prince William's Sound. \- Far- ^-..i- r MEARES*s VOYAGES. A3 Farther on you obferve, " If Captain Cook had lived to finifli his work, you, Sir, would probably have been {pared the trouble of your difcoveries.'^ Happy ihould I have been if a life fo valu<> able could have been fpared to his country ; having had the ho^ noar of ferving, if not immediately in his veiTel, yet under his commantl, in the voyage where he came to fo untimely and la*> mented an end. I fhall here give a lift of all the charts which you acknow* ledge to have made ufe of in compiling yours ; at the fame timc^ give me leave to obferve, that you did not own yourfelf indebted to any perfon whatever, until you were forced to it. The charts I allude to, are Lieutenant Roberts's, Mr. Arrowfinith's, Cap- tains Berkley, Maruelle, Hanna, Lowrie, Guife, Portlock, and my own: were all the parts you have taken from the above charts, extrafted from that part of the North Weft Coaft of America betwixt the latitude of 60° north and 47° north in your chart, I am apt to think there would be a very fmall portion of land remaining. Ifind f I 4; ■>-1,.,i/^* v>f-»-**. ;TJ««,,. .;"itti.-> 44 FURTHER REMARKS on I find this remark ou Captaia Berkley*s chart : *^ You o1> ierve. Sir, in fomething like a tone of triumph, that I was in poflefllon of Mr. Berkley's chart, which you fay includes the utmofl extent of my progrcfs to the fouthward." The former part of the aiTertion is true, but the latter is falfe; nay, fortu- nately for me, I h ive Mr. Berkley's chart ia my pofTeflion, which proves that he did not go farther to the fouthward than 4 Jo or thereabouts ; and 45* 30' is the point where my courfe is completed." Here you have evidently given a wrong extract, for, in my letter to you, the pafTage {lands, ** as far, fir nearly fo^ as you went ;" befides, I cannot find, even bv your £wn accounts that you have dtfcovered any thing to the ibuth- ward of Captain Berkley. . As you acknowledge a longitudinal ml/lake in 56* 38'' north iatitude, I ihall proceed to the track of the WaHiington, which you now own to have taken from the information of " Mr. Ne- ville, a gentleman of refpeftable character, who came home in che Chefterfield from China." 4 Having -^ ..r„^.. . ,at.^,.^».f Sjumeat—- \ MEARES's VOYAGES. 45 . Having never fecn or heard of this Gentleijnan before, I have no right to doubt the verbal infornnation he may have given you, neither would I have it indnuated that I ever did. All my thought s on the fubje^t are, that before you fufTered fuch a track to api)ear on your chart, you fhould have feen it delineated on paper, with either the latitudes and longitudes, or the vefTel's run ; but you, Mr. Meares, it fcems, thought otherwife, for it appears by your own words, that you never faw any thing of the kind ; as you tell us in page 56, " Obfervations on the probable Exiftence," &c. " It is probable, however, that the mafter of that veflel did not make any agronomical obfervations to give a juft data of that ftation." — You proceed, " Your farcafms, Sir, on the manner in which I fpeak of Captain Cook, in my obfer- fervations on the uorth-weft paflage, proceed from the habitual liberality of your mind. I wrote the. fentiments which I felt, nor do I fear to repeat it. Though the Felice and Iphigenia did explore the latitudes from 56" to 47" north, there is every »• afon to lament that Captain Cook was prevented from making fuch an examination as would have proceeded from him." — Hfere, Sir, you plainly acknowledge to have done nothing to the fouthward of what Captain Berkley has laid down, iu the chart you was in ; ■ . M pot > ±LL.J^~~i^ fwitmmmmt iHOi 46 FURTHER REMARKS on r; , pofledion of. You jilfo fay, ♦' you have endeavoured, to the tit- moft of your information, to particularize the merits of every Gentleman employed on the Coafl of America. Captain Duncan did explore a confiderable part of the coaft between 50'* and 52'. If you, Sir, obferve what Captain Duncan fays in his letter, we there find that he was not confined between the latitudes of 50? and 52*^, but that he has traced the coaft along from 54" to 47' ; moreover, I have at prefent by me a flcetch of the entrance of the Straits of Juan de Fuca, by Charles Duncan, Mafter in the Royal Navy, dated the ifthofAuguft, 1788, and published by Mr. Dairy mple, January the 14th, 1790; in which fketch we find Captain Duncan was at anchor in the Straits, off the village of Claafet. The width of thefe Straits, by the fketch juft men- tioned, appears to be fourteen miles ; you make them fifteen leagues. Pray, Mr. Meares, how do you, who never were in the Straits, reconcile this difference ? ■ • Again, *' Captain Berkley's name' is continued by me to the Sound to the fouthward of Nootka." — Captain Berkley is certainly much obliged to Mr. Meares for condefcending to let his name remain in that fituation. I But iv.. -^*-~ .. .„,.r MEARES's VOYAGES. 47 ** 5ut, though his boat was in the Straits of Juan dc Fuca, he never was, as appears from his own chart." — Nor were you ever there, Mr. Meares, any more than Captain Berkley, if we are to believe your own account, for you fay, page 50, " On the pro- bable Exiftence," &c. " If it (hould be alked why thefe Straits were not penetrated, or at leaft fome attempt made to penetrate them, the anfwer is at hand, the deflru£lion of our commercial enterprize by the (hips of his Catholic Majefty.'* You here un- doubtedly mean, that you did not enter thefe Straits with your /hip, for we find Mr. Dufiin was fent to explore them in the long-boat. ' A little farther are thefe words : — ♦* I have certainly dared to rob the channel of the Charlotte Ifles of the title ofDlxon^ for no better reafon than becaufe the enterprifing, intelligent, and humane navigator, who thought fo proudly to diftinguifh it with his own name, never faw that channel, according to the evidence of the track on his own chart ; I have therefore ventured to give it the name of the man who boldly pufhed through it." To the firft part of your aflertion, where you fay I never faw the chan- nel) you will, I think, on reflecting only for one moment, find your- iMi mm m \\%\\\ % .-M^ 48 FURTHER REMARKS om yourfelf miflaken ; for you may find my track up it, fron^Cape St. James, in the latitude 51* 48', to the latitude 53" xo\ nearly; and, from where the fame track is laid down at the north end of the channel, I could, mod affuredly, fee a clear, uninterrupted horizon confiderably within the entrance, and without feeing near fo far as you fay the people, hi your long-boat, faw to the caftward in the Straits of Juan de Fuca, in " Voyages to the North Weft Coaft," &c. page 1 79. " She had failed near thirty leagues up the Strait, and at that diftance from the fea, it was about fifteen leagues broad, with a clear horizon ftretching to the £afl for fifteen leagues more." As your people never landed, they muft have feen this forty- five miles to the eaftward, out of the boat ; but I cannot find it pof- fible, even for the eagle-eyed Mr. Meares, to fee from a boat like her, any thing near that diftance ; for no mode of calculation that I know of, where the height of the eye could not be above feven or eight feet, will, after allowing for refradioii, give the diftance to be feen on the horizon, more than fix miles. From the maft head of my veffel, I was enabled to fee nearly twenty miles, which, in the latitude 54* 30', gives thirty-four miles of ■~'5.^1«?**«tsssiJi£i.s:^fe-^ ii iii li nVi ii iii'rtin tl if iiii ii' MEARES's VOYAGES. 49 of longitude : this, Sir, when laid off from my track to iheeaft- ward, will at once convince you that 1 muft have fecn into this channel or ftrait at the north end of it : that I did not fail through it is true, being prevented by contrary winds. — As to what name the channel is known by, is of little confequence ; I (hall only obferve, that when I laid my MS. chart before Sir Jofcph Banks for his approbation, I at the fame time requefted him to name fuch places as I had not filled up, and he did me the honour to infert mine in the jJace you find it on the chart. You have alfo, perhaps by way of ^^Jirlpping the filly jay of his borrowed plumage^* changed the name of Forrefter's Ifland to that of Douglas, I know of no other motive you could have for doing it. — I now come to that part of your anfwer where you mention Cook's Rivtr ; here you fay, •' I find bo data in Captain Cook's Voyage to determine the non-exiftence of a paflage. There is no declaration from him tjjat militates againft the navigation of a (hip beyond the Narrows." * For an anfwer to the firft part, you (hall have Captain Cook's owu words, from vol. ii. page 397, of his lafl: Voyage — " It was N a iatis- iirniii«iii iiitliii lit 50 FURTHER REMARKS on a iatisfinflion to me, however, to reflc£V, that if I had not exa- mined this very coiifidcrable inlet, it would have been aflumed by fpeculalive falricators in geograpJyy as a faft, that it communicited with the fca to the north, or with Baffin's or Hudfba's bay to the eaft." . , ll To the latter part I can only anfwer, that I (hould have been greatly furprifed if there had, for Captain Cook was forty-fix miles above the Narrows, and his boats much farther : fee his chart of that place. Afterwards, you obferve, ** Yoo, however, with your ufual eagernefs and ignorance, take pofleflion of the Shoal placed above the Narrows, in order to form a barrier againft all farther naviga- tion up the river ; but to difpoflefs you at once of your important fituation, I muft inform you that (hips can navigate on each fide this formidable Shoal." — lam obliged to you, Mr. Meares, for your information, though it is of no fervice to me, having been maay miles above this Jhoal, at the time Captain Cook was up tiie river ; however, as I think good offices fliould never be fufferfd to pafs unrequited, I will endeavour to repay you with a little a ' advice,, > ■ MEARES's VOYAGES. 5' advice, which is, to fend your information to the compiler of your chart ; and then perhaps, in your next edition, I fhall be able to find the Shoal, for in the prefcnt map, I believe nothing of the kind is to be fcen* You next obfcrve, ♦♦ You a(k me why I produced the voyage of the Iphlgenia, when it was in my power to have brought for- ward that of Captain Duncan. I anfwer ; becaufe^ without re* trading from the acknowledged merit of Captain Duncan, I prefer the journal of the Iphigenia to every other. I confider Captain Duncan as the befl authority for the navigation between the Charlotte Ifles and the main ; or, at Icaft, what we take to be fo. This circumdance, with his traverfes from (hore to fhore, juAifies the application I have made of his voyage to my chart." It appears to me very extraordinary that you (hould prefer the journal of a man who had juA run through the channel, to that of one who had navigated it part of two feafons, and had fo often croffed from one fide to the other ; and particularly fo, as we are told in page 369, " Voyages to the North- W^eft Coaft," &c. on Captain Douglas's vifit to this place, that *• The weather had been fo thick and hazy fince they bad quitted Nootka Sound, that it was ^^ f^ssm mttt»itut m*»ii> i « i ' \ , 52 FURTHER REMARXS on was impoflibie to get a fight of the moon or ftars for the purpofe ofmakinganobfervation ; Captain Douglas, therefore, was under the neceflity of reducing the longitude of the ditFerent places which he vifited, from the obfervations he had made during his voyage of the preceding year." " He (Captain Duncan) undoubtedly vifited the great northern Archipelago prior to Captain Douglas ; but, from his diftrefled fituation, he quitted thofe parts without knowing there was fuch a channel as that through which Captain Douglas made his way." It does not appear from Captain Duncan's letter, which I have already inferted, that he was in a very diftrefled fituauon, for we there learn, that he fupplied you with provifions ; and it not only appears ridiculous in the extreme, but fhews the moft confum- mate ignorance for any one to aflert, that he knew no fuch place as the channel in queftion ; for any perfon cafting an eye over Mr. Arrowfmith's chart will there find his track laid down. ft 4 What you fay in regard to Captain Berkley's completing the voyage from Europe to America, and from there to China, in twelve months, is no more than any other perfon may eafily do, pro- f ••fft»«f.-i ■."t MEARES's VOYAGES. S3 provided he goes no farther to the northward than King George's Sound, and has a good failing coppered veffel, like Captain Ber- kley's ; nay, probably we ihould (as you fay we ought) have done the fame under fimilar circumftances : as to Captain Ber- kley's fuperior knowledge in navigation and commerce, I never called his abilities in quedion in either of thofe particulars. I come next to examine your differing fo materially as you have done from Arrowfmith's chart, where you obferve, " your charge againft me, that, in the only place where I acknow- ledge Mr. Arrowfmith's afliftance, I have made fuch an extraor- dinary deviation from him as 19" 45'', would be of a very ferious nature indeed, if it were true ; but the accufation, from its fla- grant falfehood, proves nothing more than the mad malice of the man who makes it.*' Here I fliall examine Captain Cook's chart, Mr. Arrowfmith's, and yours ; and then leave the reader to determine wiieihcr my accufation is true, or a " flagrant falfehood." In Captain Cook's chart, by Lieutenant Roberta, I find the fea feen by Mr. Hcarne, is laid down in the longitude 240° o' eaft of Greenwich ; in Mr. Arrowfmith's charts, Mr. Ilcarne's track, to where he law ihc O fca, i i| I I 1 'ifi »_^ _ ....".*'•*•.....»-** I IW Wli Wi J !«•■•"•'• fit-- W^i ' 1' I- 54 FURTHER REMARKS on fea, is laid down in the longitude 247" 45' eaft ; you, Mr. Meares, have laid down no track in your chart, but in words thus: «' thefeafeen by Mr. Hearne agreeable to Mr. Arrowfmith's chart," in the longitude 228* eaft of Greenwich. In Mr. Ar- rowfmith*s chart, in the longitude of 228% there is neither Mr. , Hearne's track, nor any mention made of his having feen the fea in that longitude ; for, the only place on his chart where he has continued Mr. Hcarne*s track to the north fea, is 19° 45' to the eaftward of where you have thought proper to infert the words, •* the fea feen by Mr. Hearne agreeable to Mr. Arrow- fmith's chart," and at page 45 of your " Oblervations on the probable Exiftence of a North- Weft Paflage, "&c." are thefe words : " This (hip enters fo far to the eaft, that fhe pafles by three degrees the weftern boundary of Mr. Hearne*^s fea in 72% (but placed by Mr. Arrowfmith in his chart lately publiftied from Mr. Turner's charts and journals in the latitude 68" 1 5' north, and longitude 228* eajl of Greenwich.^'') I cannot poffibly ima- gine what motive you could have for the above aflertion, for it is evident beyond the (hadow of a doubt, that the identical part of the north fea feen by Mr. Hearne, is placed in Mr. Arrowfrnlth^s charts f ^:^ MEARES's VOYAGES. 55 chart, on/y in the longitude of 247° 45' eaft of Greenwich, and that he was never fo far to the weftward as 228° eaft.* You obferve a little farther on, that the reafon you had for dif- fering i' 30' from Mr. Arrowfmith's chart, as laid down by him from Captain Duncan's furvey of the land to the eaftward of Queen Charlotte's Ifles, was " from a preference I have given to the :QrreSlions of Captain Douglas, who has fixed thefe parts of the- coaft by numerous lunar obfervations.'^ We have been told in a paffage I have already quoted, that, from the time Capt. Douglas left Nootka, to his quitting the Queen Charlotte's Ifles, he had no opportunity of making lunar obfervations^ there being fo thick a fog. Thefe paflages are really curious, but you, per- haps, can reconcile them. In regard to the Capes Mendocino and de Mendozino, youanfwer, " Captain Cook does not mention any Cape Mendocino in latitude 40% which Mr. Arrowfmith does : I have therefore, as I conceive, very juftifiably mentioned both * I am exceeding glad to find that Mr. Arrowfmith has it in his power to lay before the public a more correA delineation of the interior parts of North America to the weftward of Hudfon's Bay, than has yet been given, and that it will fhortly appear on his chart of the world. the ■^'^**».*»--^,„ .X^mmnmm-^ I ' S6 FURTHER REMARKS on n i the Cape Mendocino of Mr. Arrowfnhith, in latitude 4c«, and the Cape dc Mendozino of Captain Cook in latitude 42° 30' or thereabouts ; as for Cape Blanco, I have placed it in latitude 43* 30', agreeable to Captain Cook, by whofe chart I have arranged all that part of the coafc" If you have arranged that part of the coaft by Captain Cook's chart, pray, for what reafon do you introduce two capes nearly of the fame name ? I find no fuch thing in his chart : indeed, after this, I fhould not be furprifed if you were to lay down two ports by the name of Sir Francis Drake ; you might with equal pro- priety do one as well as the other, there being a difference in re- gard to the fituation of that port, of lo 30' in latitude, between the charts juft mentioned. :-f f *! As to the miftake in my remarks, it is very plain that you re- femble the fituation of a perfon drowning, and are glad to catch at any twig, for any perfon may at once perceive it to be a miftake either of the prefs or pen ; you might alfo have pointed out ano- ther miftake of a fimilar nature, in the pofition from Captain Ber- kley's chart, where, inftead of " fouth point of de Fear's en- a trance. 7f • ■ * *-»5f.j»#<»'^* - ■♦W^ t- (BP^^Wto*((( ■^^■•' * "T MEARES's VOYAGES. trance, it fhould be fouth point of de Fuca's entrance." You next obferve, " The interior parts of America, as laid down in my chart, come in alfo for their Ihare of difapprobation. I Ihall only add with re{pe£t to them, that they were arranged from the beft authorities." ' ' ' ' '" '■ ■ /\ \_. - , • ;, Pray, Mr. Meares, after having (as you fay) confulted the beft authorities, why do your charts differ fb very materially from each other ? Should you publifti another edition of your work, give me leave to fuggeft an improvement ; which ftiould be an addenda — the title to be — " ^// the contradiSltons and abfurdities to the foregoing work, reconciled." Next you fay, " Having, I truft, very completely fixed the latitude and longitude of your charadter as a navigator, I (hall proceed to lay down, as 1 hope with tolerable accuracy, the ex- aft pofition of your commercial excellence. In making my ob- fervations on this fubje£l, I muft previoufly remark, that your ma- lignity is fo predominant, as to annihilate in you the leading, and, as I (hould think, the inherent principles of a man of trade. You feem to rejoice that your voyage round the world, as you call . P />, h ■ t mm 58 FURTHER REMARKS on TIT ;V, for the purpofes of commerce, was not attended with the ad- vantages cxpe£led to be derived from it. You appear to be proud of the inadequate and difproportioned fale of your cargo at China ; and are, I doubt not, grateful to the Houang merchants of Canton, for having purchafed all your Jklns at lefi than half their value^ in order that you might be furniflied with a piaufible but fallacious argument, againft a new branch of commerce ; in which, having failed yourfelf, you would be glad, as far as your wretched teftiraony would go, to prevent former adventurers from obtaining the remuneration of their riiks and labours; or to difcourage the enterprifes of others, whole knowledge, aftivity, and perfeverance, by enfuring fuccefs, would fling added difgrace on thofe who have failed from the want of fuch eflential qualifi- cations." How far you may have fixed the latitude and longitude of my knowledge or my commercial excellence, muft be left for the public to determine, after I have laid before them the remarks I have to make on your fhtement ; and firft, where you fay I am grateful to the Houang merchants for purchafing my ikins at half their value i I anfwer, that neither Captain Portlock or my- m -.-•^*i^?m;.'. MEARES's VOYAGES. 59 felf fold any of our 2552 Ikins, with 434 cub, and 34 fox, to the Houang merchants ; we had no fuch liberty, as by an agree- ment with the Eaft India Company, flgned by Mr. Richard Cad- man Etches and Co. and ourfelves,. we were under a penalty of five thouland pounds Aerling, either to fell them to the Compa- ny's fupercargoes at Canton, at a fair price, or leave them ia ■ their hands for fale by commiflion r we chofe to fell, and adu- ally fold them to the fupercargoes for 50,000 dollars ; well knowing that the money would be more acceptable to our owners, than an account that we had left the furs on com- miflion* '. . , , - ' • • • . - -. >l Believe me, Mr. Meares, I do not wi(h to prevent you, if you are one of the adventurersy from receiving the remuneration of your rilks and labours ; far from it. Sir, I always think the *' labourer worthy of his hire." Again you proceed, " You flate,' with an infatuated kind of triumph, that your 2552 fea-otter ikins, &c. fetched no more than 54,857 Spani(h dollars at the Chinefe market ; and your ftatement is made in fuch a manner, as to infer that it was the common market price of that valuable commodity ; and that, of courfe, what has been faid by myfelf and !» U >r anni im ii-lllMiBi^liF nm W— — 11 I I ( f 60 FURTHER REMARKS on and others on the advantages of that commerce, is a deception on the public. At the moment you were writing that curious piece of information, or inftrufting others to write it, you knew that It was founded in falfehood. Nor dare you deny that the low prices given for the articles in queftion, arofe from the contraft of your owners with the Eaft India Company, to leave the dilpo- fition of your American cargo to the difpofal of their fervants at Canton, which neceflarily gave an additional power to the Houang merchants, thofe privileged oppreifors of European commerce." i< I repeat, thofe fkins did not find any thing like half the price for which other (kins have been fold in China, both at the time, and fince the period of their fale." ) r t . a k On the above, I (hall only obferve that our 2552 fea-otter Ikins, together with the 434 cub, and 34 fox, were fold to the Eaft India Company's fupercargoe? at Canton for 50,00 Spanifli dollars ; the remaining pieces of fea-otter, and fuch other Ikins as were of inferior value, were fold to different Chinefe merchants for 4,857 SpaniiK dollars; fum total of both the {hips cargoes, including fome flints, and other trifling articles was I ^^' ■nn MEARES's VOYAGES. 6r ^^^ 54*^57 Spanifh dollars. I cannot poflibly fee how I have deceived the public by flating matters of faSi. You dare me to deny that the low price of the articles in queflion arofe from the contraft of my owners with the Baft India Company. I have already obierved that we were bound by an agreement to fell our furs at a fair price to the fupercargoes at Canton, nor have I the lead doubt but thofe gentlemen thought the price a fair one. A little farther, — fpeaking of Mr. Richard Cadman Etches, you obferve: *' I defire n" oetter judge than him, between you and me. Nor have I the leaft doubt but he will be ready to con- firm the explanations I am about ito give, :'» ufe your own phrafe, of the ill fuccefs of your commercey which arofe, among other caufes, from the mifcondrudlion your commander and yourfelf thought proper to put on the Hcenco granted to your owners by the honourable the Eaft India Compar.y, for the difpofal of your American cargoes, and the confequent coniroul aiTumed by the fupercargoes over the fale of them.'* Upon my word, Sir, you have found an excellent judge between you and me, " even afe- cond Daniel!" As I'- i \ •y'*; I (, - 1- *- ■ WJWWJtt tf ! ' -'-"-">"-* «2 FURTHER REMARKS om f 5? '• V As to the mifcoiidniftion, you fay, wc put on the agreement juil mentioned, I think it too plain to bear a mifconflru^lion ; indeed, you acknowledge it yourfelf, when you fay, I dare not deny but the low price uur (kins fold for, was owing to the con- tra£t between my owners and the Eafl: India Company. You fay, *' I have good reafon to think, Mr. Dixon, that a confidcr- able part of your furs were of a very, if not the moft inferior nature, confining of worn-out garments of the Indians, pieces bedaubed with paint, and fewed together, fo as greatly to leflea the fuppofed aggregate value of your jcargo." - . The Eaft India fupercargoes, Sir, fent the Chinefe furriers to examine our cargo, which they did, and caft out all thofc furs of the quality you defcribe, which made part of what we fold for 4,857 dollars. * But you afk me, " whether you did not encourage, as far as you had any power to do it, the firft opportunity of felling the furs, however difadvantageous to your owners, in order •• fe- cure, from all future rilk, a certain little advantage you were to receive upon the fale ?'* As that little advantage you hint I was to ,) . :i^ MEARES*4 VOYAGES. 63 to receive, was two per cent, on the amount of our cat-go^ it does not require that depth of commercial knowledge you arc pof- fefled of, for any peribn to find out that it was for my interefl the furs (hould fell as high as poflible. Your next obfervation worthy of notice, runs thus : " The following (latement will, I believe, fettle at once the prefent dif- ference, Mr. Dixon, between you and me. Your 2,552 Ikins, fold for 54,877 dollars, which is fomewhat more than tiventy- one dollars per ikin." This, Sir, is evidently miflating the fale of our Ikins, for the 2,552 otter Ikins, with 434 cub, and 34 fox, fbld for 50,000 dollars, rhe remainder, which were thrown out by the Chinefe furriers, as I have already related, fold for 4,857 dollars ; which makes the fum total, as dated above, 54,857 dollars; fo that the 2,552 otter ikins, (I (hall not take the 434 cub and 34 fox into the account) fetched rather more than 19I dollars per fkin; you know beft what reafon you have for miftating this bufinefs. Again, you lay, " my cargo, (car- ried to Canton when you were there, confifting of 370 Ikins, 1 20 of which were of the river-otter, worth only from 8 to 9 dollars each, &g.)" After having given a wrong (latement of our furs. * ' W* W i ll iiWi '-— .i. - -^ . -^^^ > (1 <54 FURTHER REMARKS on furs, it is lefs to be wondered at that you fliould give a fallacious one of your own, as there was lefs probability of your being de- tected : but this time you will not efcape, as I have now before me Mr. Cox's account of your cargo, (who was appointed by your owners, agent in China, to the Bengal fur fociety) in which I can only find 48 river-otter, both good and bad, at fx dollars per ikin. Here I think it neceiTary to give your actual and probable lo'fTes, from your own Aatement, as I Hnd it in your publication, '* A ftatcment of the aftual and probable lofles fujialntd by the aflbciatcd merchants of London and India by the (afturt of their ppsr , • . AC- MEARES's VOYAGES. 65 ACTUAL LOSSFS. S|>an. Doll. To cafli paid the crew of tlic Fpliigcnia 011 tiicir return to China, being near two years wages, and other incidental expences, for which vouchers have been obtained ... '5.534 To cafli paid the crew of the North-Weft Ame- 1 ric.-i, being near two years wages on their' return to China, for which vouchers have been obtained - - 3.719 To the equipment of the fliip Argonaut, for which vouchers have been obtained - - 39,816 To the equipment of the Pr'incefs Royal, for which vouchers are ready to be produced To 473 fea-otter Ikins fcizcd on board the Princefs Royal, at leo dollars per (kin - - 47,300 Carried forward 106,369 PROBABLE LOSSES. Span. Dull. To tlie value of the cargo • that probably would have been collefted by the Iphigenia, 1000 fea-otter Ikins, at 100 ,«,... dollars per ikxn - ino.ooo To tli valuk- of the cargo wlii h svoild prol'.bly ^ have been ibiaine ' by the North- Weft A me- ' rica, 1000 fea-otter fkins, at 100 dollars per ikin ... . 30,000 To the value of •;, i \go i that would nrobLMy have been obtained by the Argonaut, 2000 fkins, at 100 dollars perfkin - - . 200,000 To the value of t : % FURTHER REMARKS on How could you, Mr. Meares, after eftlmating fea-ottcr fkins ill your " probable loflcs" at loo dollars each, give an account of their fclliiig for 50 dollars per Ikinl but I have done; my bufi- ncfs is to ftate facts, and leave a difcerning public to comment on them. You here give us a ftatement of your own furs in China, Avhich I find fold on an average, for about half the fum you have averaged them at in your probable Icfies ; for, I cannot for a moment fuppofe, that all the Ikins you imagine each veffel would procure, were to be of the firft quality; efpecially as we find, from your ozvnJlatement]\i{\. quoted, that you had not quite one in /even of that defcription : but to put this matter beyond a doubt, you acquaint us that you are favoured with ^ letter from Canton, informing you that they had received 72 of thofe identical Jkins which are ftated by you in " the probable lofles" to be worth on( hundred dollars perjkin, but which aftually fold for no more thzxi ffty -Jive dollar^ and half fer Jk'tn. Your own flatement, in my humble opinion, clearly proves your fallacious reafoning on this bufinefs. !■/, }) Farther you fay, " I (hall alfo add another circumftance re- lative to this cargo, as it is in point to the general qucflion." 2 '* The ff MEARES's VOYAGES. 69 " The Chinefe furri .r, who had bought the whole of it for 38,000 dollars, being apprehenfive that the hoppo, or comptroller of the cuftoms, would exercife his arbitrary power, in taking fuch of the (kins as he might chufe at his own price, if he knew of the fale, requefted that it might not be immediately divulged ; in confequence of which the hoppo came onboard the Felice, and fele£ted eight of the befl: Ikins and twenty of the fineft tails : for the former he paid me 250 dollars each, and for the latter 15 dollars each ; which I, of courfe, allowed the Chinefe merchant on completing the contrad: between us." Here we find fomething worthy notice. It feems the merchant who bought your Ikins, requefts the bargain may not be immedi- ately divulged, for fear the hoppo (hould exercife his arbitrary power, in taking fuch Ikins as he might chufe, at his own price ; but, notwithftanding this, the hoppo iipmediately comes on board the Felice ! Pray, Mr. Meares, who informed the hoppo of this bargain of yours with the merchant, for we are given to under- iland, it was a fccret between yourfelves ? And what might be the reafon you did not fell the remaining 92 Ikins of tlie firft qua- lity, at the fame price this arbitrary comptroller of the cuftonis S thouu,iit !i J 7«r FURTHER REMARKS ok thought proper to give you for thofc 8 which he had ? as in that cafe, the loo ikins of the fir A quality mufl have fold for 25,000 dollars ; and you had of the fecond quality 200, which^ at half the above price, would have fetched 25,000 dollars more; total for Ikins of the fir A and fecond quality, 50,000 dollars ; to fay nothing of the tails, and ikins of the third, fourth, fifth, and fixth qualities. I am afraid. Sir, your commercial knowledge was then in its infancy, or at leafl not fo completely matured as it is as: prefent, for you certainly let the Chinefe merchant lay an anchov to windward of you in this tranfaftion. !i^ ,i; After a long quotation from the account of my voyage, at the latter part of which is the following paffage, **fome of the refufc •which they had left for us to difpofe of fold for conjiderable advati' tage ;" I meet with the following note — " Whether they were r onfidered as among the re^ufe 1 know not, but a fmall lot of thofe fkins were fold by your commander to a China merchant at 100 dollars per Ikin." In the account fales of our furs in China, which is now lying before me, / find a lot of fundry odd pieces of fea- otter which fold for 100 dcUars, fo that it is perfeftly clear you have added the words " per jritC* in the above curious note ; in- deed. MEARES's VOYAGES. ff deed, this is only one of the many inftances I have had occa-i^ (Ion to notice, where you have ihewn yourfelf a complete maf- ter of the rule of addition. I (hall now leave the commercial part of your candid and very intertfting anlwer to the judgment of the public, and proceed to offer a few remarks on that part of it, where you quit " the caufe of the North- Weft American com- merce, and take up your own." You obferve, that I fuggeft you divided amongft your people, part of the Ikinsyou carried to China, and alfo fold fbme on your own account ; after which you proceed, " and with the moft er-tire fatisfaftion I inform you, that I did both one and the other." Inftead of giving me this in- formation, Mr. Meares, which, by the bye, is rather premature at prefent, it perhaps would have been equally as confiftent, had you communicated it to Meflrs. Cox and Beale, who were ap- pointed agents to your veffel at Canton, by the gentlemen of the Bengal fur fociety : indeed, Mr. Beale informed me that you had on your arrival at Canton, divided Ibme Ikins amongft'your peo- ple, as a recompcnce for their fufferings in Prince William's Sound, but not a word tranfpired about your felling any furs on your own account, until Mr. Dormer, purfer of the Nottingham Eaft Indiaman, through whofe medium the Ikins were fold, in- formed him of the tranfaflion ; this piece of information rather furprlfed , ! '■I y .• V.i^J!^,(^~, ;<34%^-*.:'-'»V% «t»t'*V*^''' •7» FURTHER REMARKS on lurprifed him, but he perhaps did not know that your voyage was only " a patriotic experiment in favour of Britijh commerce ; that the proprietors configned it to your unlimited and independent command ; Jljackled it with no conditions, but made you as much majier of the whole equipment, as if you had prepared it at your own cojl and expence." After knowing that this power was given you, I for my own part, am I'urprifed that you fhould render Mefl'rs. Cox and Beale an account of any part of your cargo. I beg leave juft to remark, that this experiment feems rather to have been an unlucky one, and I fear the balance was found to be againjl, in- ftead of " in favour of Britif} commerce:''^ that *' patriotic fpir it" which firfl; fuggefled the voyage, and afterwards put it in execution, was certainly evaporated by the experiment, for I never heard of its .beins; renewed. .)i Having, as you flattered yourfelf, " fettled the opinion which every impartial reader will entertain of my pamphlet, in the principal objefts of it;" you proceed, " As I feel a wiih, however, that the confutation (hould be complete, I fliall pondefcend to remark upon the petty obfervations and fubordi- iiate charges which form the remaining part of that publication." I am much obliged to you, Mr. Meares, for this condcfcenfion ; J - but i' r *\. f — r-ir«' ^iiiJIinrXtiiii'ii i"~i ' --■'^ i^ i^i'm.i»^.-,_«..^...»».»-.- — ,».,.,— MEARES's VOYAGES. 73 but whether you have fuccecded, or will fucceed, refts rot, I prefume, with you, but with an impartial and difcerning public. The charges now alluded to, probably may be of a fubordinate nature ; as you, however, have condefcended to notice them, I furely cannot pafs over them in filence. — You mention my having fupplied Taheo, the King of Atooi, one of the Sandwich Iflands, with arms, ammunition, &c. from the authority of Captain Douglas. I only here can pofitively aflert, as I already have done, that I never either traded, or gave away to an Indian in my life, cither mufquet, piftol, or grain of powder, and I defy any perfon Avhat- ever to prove the contrary. You fay, " It is not the matter of trading away mufquets, pif- tols, or weapons, but the motive for fo doing," at the fame time you own that you " furniftied certain of the chiefs of the Sand- wich Iflands with arms and ammunition, in order to defend them- felves againfl: their enemies, and thereby to fecure their fricndfhip T to g_Tah— «li -II' ''i— . I - ' SbSraZZ ^ ft i t^-*^-wrf iiii - iiii jfc i 11 ' -■ > i '4 74 FURTHER REMARKS on to the future interefts of Britijh commerce.^* In anfwer to this, I aver, that whatever motive might induce you, or any other per- fon, to do any thing of this kind, it could not pofllbly be produc- tive of any good effeds ; for it is from their dread of fire-arms, and that alone, that we are enabled to trade amongA them with fafety ; that terror being once done away, by their familiarity with the weapons in queflion, they would foon be able, from their numbers and courage, to feize any veflels that might go to trade with them. You confefs firing a four-pound fhot on (hore at Oneehow, but ■ that it was a very innocent one, and only intended to fright the natives. Pray, Sir, did you fire only one of thefe innocent play- things on (hore ? Had that been the cafe, I can hardly imagine the natives would have brought feveral of them the day afterwards to Mr. Rofs, and fome of your people who were on ftiore. Another of your obfervations on my fubordinate charges runs thus, " I agree with you that a time-piece is not of the leaft utility at fea, unlefs a fight can be obtained both of the horizon and the I fun* ■I \\ :■ ,.i-^W,)i... ^^-«^'"^'--fifff|>,]^iJ^^i)^K,.i_.^.>.^j...ma>^'-_ .v.t^^ft^'iajiii.iiTr" MEARES'a VOYAGES. 15 fun. Nor do I retra£l the declaration, which feems to alarm your nautical experience, " that during a feafon of continual fog, my time- piece had proved of real fervicc to me." For, I believe it is known to every Teaman, that, in weather which may be pro' perly called a continual fog, thofe momentary gleams of fun ap- pear, and tranfient views of the horizon are obtained, to which the inftrument in queftion may be applied with the greateft uti- lity." — I (hall here firft quote what you fay on this fubjeifl in your publication, and afterwards take the liberty of adding a remark on it.-^In your Inirodudtory Voyage, page 4, are thefe words : ' '* After leaving the latitude of 25* north, we had one continual fog, which was oftentimes fo thick, that it was impoflible to fee the length of the veffel :" and a little farther in the fame page, " It had indeed been one continued fog ever fince we croffed the latitude of 35° ; and from that time we had not been able to make more than two obfervations ; we very fortunately had a time- piece on board, which proved of the greateft utility." Your ex- preflions of " one continual" and " continued fog " will, I am afraid, fcarcely admit of either " momentary gleams of the fun^ or tranfient views of the horizon ; but, admitting you for a moment, to be in poffeflion both of one and the other, there is ftill (( one -ivfr^--«i»., 1 ^•^•»>.^- yi-mfm-. MEARES's VOYAGES. 77 at that place. As to your remarks on my bookfeller*s catalogue and large margin, the latter, I find, was made to correfpond with the margin of your own work ; and, in regard to the former, I only can fay, that had you underAood your profeflion, as well as he does his bufinefs, there would have been no nccefllty for my remarks on your voyages. — I fhall juft make an obfervation on thefe words : — " The probability of a North-Wefl: Paflage, for which I contend, appears to be a flumbling block of great ofFcncc to you." It is not merely your contending for a North -Weft Paflage that I have taken notice of, but the contradidlions and mifrcprcfenta- tions you make ufe of in the arguments produced by you in fup- port of the paflage fo long looked for. And here let me beg your indulgence, if I digrefs for a moment, and offer my own ideas on the fubjctSl. I ftiould be fincerely glad if the exiftcnce, or non- cxiftence of the paflage in queft.ion, was fully determined ; but this, in my humble opinion, will never be found in a lower lati- tude (at leaft fome part of it) than 72' north, and, perhaps, much higher. As to there being a fca, or a large body of water behind Nootka, I have no doubt, as Captain Duncan informed me, that U when K&n' UJUJ- i tW* I urn . li iiltr i llg >i. \ ! V . M 8o FURTHER REMARKS, &c. correft your mif-ftatemcnts, and to fliew the public how eafily they may be mifled by fpecious, though fallacious arguments : at the fame time, let me recommend you, in future, to employ a perfon who is majler of hlsfubjeSl. Men are readily to be found, who can write in eafy language, and with a flow of words on every fuhjedly without being matters of any fubjeSl orfcience what- ever. GEORGE DIXON. t 1 James Street, Covent Garden, February i2, 1791. r I THE END. rhis tk ^ '. , ""Mitfi^*^^ ■ri^r~rf'^--*,'-.li. '■ ^ ■'^(•a-ftjKs^r^Tfe,- Vyjii i: , , i.i« ■! i w i in i^ *^crj;Ki^i.^t?4K- l%is Day are publl/htd, Price Two Shillings and Sixfence, REMARKS ON the VOYAGES O F JOHN M E ^ R E S, Esci, By CAPTAIN DIXON. Printed for John Stockdale, Piccadilly ; George Gouldinc, Jama: Street, Covent Garden ; C. Forster, Poultry; W. Richardson, Royal Exchange, London; Mr. Bull, Bath; Mr. Newton, and Mr. Brown, Briftol; Mr. Tesseyman, Tork ; Mr. Clarke, Manchejler; Mr. Fletcher, and MeflVs. Prince and Cook, Oxford; Mr. Merrill, Cambridge; Mr. Pearson, and Mr. Swinney, Birmingham; Meflrs. Hayden and Son, Plymouth; Mr. Baker, Southampton; Mr. Drewry, Derby; Mr. Burbage, JVe«««^.6fl« ; Mr. Kevmar, Colchejler; Mr. Hill, and Meflrs. J. and T. Fairbairn, Edinburgh; and Mr. Gerna, and Mr. Archer, Dublin ; and by every other Bookfcller in the Three Kingdoms. Of whom may alfo be had, lately pubiifhed, I. A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD, But more particularly to the North Weft Coaft of America, The great Alart of the Fur Trade* Embelliflied with Forty-tv, o Charts, Views, and other Copper-plates, reprefenting the * Difcoveries. Dedicated, by I'crmilTion, to his Majefty, Sir Jofeph Bnnks, Bart, and the Lords of the Admiralty, by Captains Portlock and Dixon. In two Vols. 4'o, Price in Boards 2I. 68.— Or fine Papor, with the Natural Hillory, coloured, 3I. 3s. Oiftavo Edition (being the third, with large Additions) of II. Governor PHILLIP's VOYAGE to BOTANY BAY, Infcribjd, by Pcrniillinn, to the Marquis of Sa7.ubusy, This Day is publiflied, Price 10s. 6J. in Boards, in one lari;c Volume, Royal Oi'^avo, Printed on fine Paper, and enibeliiflied with Twenty line Copper Plates ; The Mai's and Charts taken from aAual Snn'eys, and thePi:ins and Views druvn on the Spot, by Capt, Hunter, l.ieiir. Shortland, Lieut. Watts Lie'.it. Da vcs, lu nr. l!rad- ley, Cipt. Marfliall, Jvc. .iiid engraved l)y Mediand, S,.erwin, Mazell, Marrilon, &o. The VOYAGE of Gov. Phillip to Botanv E.w, V. ith an Account of the Eilabliflituent of the Colonies at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island: compiled from authenti: Papers which hivebe.i. received :i.>in t':ie 'ivei.d Departments.— To which are added. The JOURNALS of Lieut. SI lORTL AND of the Alexander J Lieut. WATTS of t!v? Penryhn ; l.icut. HAI.L (.f the Supply ; and Capt. MARSHALL of ihc cearborough. With ;m Account of their new Dilcoverics ; alfo, an Alphal)etical Lilt of tlie Convkts ler.t t>) H )f,iny lc w^v^ liis raft. <• Having jilumlcrcd the Ihir of what was portable and fit to hand out, ! began with the cables ; and cutring the great cable in pieces, futh as 1 ^-uld move, I got two cables and a hawfcr on Ihorc, with all tlie iron-work I could get J and having cut dr}wr the fpiit-fail yard, and the mizcn-yard, and c\ery thing I couiJ to jiakcaUrgt raft; I Joadcd it with ul! the he.ivj .^'Jt-ds, and came away.** Sec j'a^c 69. I f .Mfffju^K-.m-, .-^■4 ^' BOOKS Printed for J. S T O C K D A L E. SUBJECT OF PLATE V.' Ri liinfon Crufo™ ar work in liin civc. " I majc abundance of things even wiihout tools, and fomc witli no more tools than an adte and a hatclicr, which, perhaps, were never made Wore, and that with ii'tinite labour." Sec page 84. SUBJECT OF PLATE VI. Robinfon Crufoe diTcovers the print of a man's foot. " I was exceedingly furprifed with the print of a nun's naked foot on the fliore, which was very plain to he ten in tlie fand. I Hood like one thunderflruck, or as if I had feen an apparition ; I liAencd, I looked round oie, I could hcarnothing, nor fee any thing." See page 194. SUBJECT OF PLATE VII, .• * - Rohinfon Cr'jfoc firft fees and refcueshis man Friday. " Having knocked tliis follow down, the other who purfucd him (topped, as if he haJ been frightened ; and I ti.tvanced apace towards him ; but as I came nearer, \ perceived prefcntly he had a bow and arrow, and was fitting It to Ihoot at me ; fo I was then neceflitated to Ihoot at liim firft, which I did, and killed him it the fiift Ihbt." Seepage 2 5(3. SUBJECT OF PLATE VIIT. Robinfon Cfufoe and Friday making ab»jat. ** 1 (hewed liim how to cut it out with tools, w'..ich, after I hid (hewed him how to \ife, he did very readily -. and in about a month's hard labour we (inilhed it, and made it very handdme." Sec piigc zSJj. "UBJECT OF PLATE. IX. Rohinfon Crufoe and Friday making a tent to lodge Friday's father and the Spaniard. *' Friday and 1 can it d them up both together between us ; but, when we got to the outfide of our w.tll or forll- fcc.uion, we wrre at .a worfe lofs than before, for it was impolTible to get them over ; .'^•^d I was refolvcd not to break It down, lb I fct to work .again, and Friday and I, in about two hours time, made a very handl'omc tent, covered with old fails, .ind above that with boughs of trees." Sec page 304. PLATE X. TiUcto Vol. II. with a beiu'ifoTVignette, compofcd of Ro'uinfon Crufoe's Implements of Uulbandry. SUBJECT OF PLATE XI. Fronlifpicc*^ — Robinfon Crufoe's firil Interview with the Spaniards on his fecond landing. " Firll he turned to me, and pointing to them faid, Thefc, Sir, arc fomc of the i;cntlrmen who owe their live to you ; and f'.ipn turning to them, and pointing to me, he let them know who I was , m^on whiLh they aU came v»p one by one, not as it they had been failors, and ordinary fcllov.r., and I the like, but really as if they h.;d been Ambafladors or Noblemen, and I a Monarch or a great Ctmqurror." See page 42. SUBJECT OF PLATE XU. The PlaiMation of the Two Englilbncn. " The two men had innum*rahlc young trees planted n'wjt their hut, that when vou came to the place nothing was to be feen but a wood ; and though they hud the plaorari.jn twice dcmolilhrd, once liy tiieir own countrymen, and once by the enemy, ns (hall be (hewn in its place ; yet they had rellored all .aj;ain, and every thing was ftou- tilhing and thriving about tliem." See page tj?. SUBJECT OF PLATE XIII. The two Engliihmcn retreatini^ with their wive- and cliildt.-n. " Nov, having great reafun to believe that they were betrayed, the (irft thing ihry did was to bind the flaves which were left, and canfe two of t] three men, whom tliey brouglit with the women, wl-.o, it ftems, proved very faithinl to tlieni, to lead them with their two wives, and wh.itevcr ihcy could carry x.->rj- with llicm, tu tlwir re- tired place in the woodL." Sec page 96. SUBJECT OF PL.VTK \1V. The Spcinuifils and EngUihmenbuniini; tlir Indi.iu boats, " They went to work, iminffdiatflv with tlicbu.its; and getting; fomo diy wood togeilitr from n dcalfrpr» tl-.r." .tried to fet fomc ot them on fiic, hut they were fo wtt th.ir tlic,- would WitvC biini; !'.'»« ever, the rirc to bullu•^ ^c upper part, th.it it foon made tham unHt tor fwimming in the fc.x y<, ba.itj.' S -c pt ;c \\\. SUBJECT OF PLATE XV. Robinfon Crufoe diftributing TooK of Huibandry among the Inhabitanr;., •* I brought them oiit .ill my ftore of tools, and gave every man a diggi ^g fp.ide, a fliov-'l, y\v\ a r:tke, f »i we h,u' no harrows or ploughs; and tJ every fcparate pl.itc a pick-.u^, a crow, and .i broad axe, and aUw.** S«cpii;c 134. ./ ,1 » -1*- 1 > i'r'ii n i1r i f"ii «Bi«»iii>ii .; r ^^ A tUMu..- - .. ^ -• -''^T"-, TTT? if' r- :|. * 4 1^ r \ B^ O & S mntfit/tr J. S T b e Mb & A-if$. . SU8JBC1' OF FLATE Xtr. A View of t|» Pluttation of the thi « Englilhmcn. .', *> UpM tkkh* fiMd abMit juft before me, » he walked alaii^, and putting-ma t« ( faD tviit OMklir nM a vetr Iqwbow; I molt heartily Ihank Q«d and'yon, Sir, fayi he, for giving mefoevMent a elU(»fi)bMU*jrock.'' PLATE XVII. ' llfead of De Foe to face thii Title of tlie Life. *\t>* lliM thofa Ladiet and Otnclemen who have not had an opportunity of feting thu Work , nujr turn foms idea of the execution and elegance of tlie Engravings, Mr. Stockdali afTurcs them it hat coft kim near Seventeen Hundred Pounds, * j 1 STOCKDALE's LQNDON .CALE|fI>AR^ f»r |M» fhii Day ii tuh^/ttJ, Price St. 6d. Tut LONDON CALENDAR, or COURT and CITY REGISTER, for Enol^mP) Scotlamo, ItcLaND, AKr'.iCA, and the East Indies, for 1791. Printed for JOHN STOCKDAJ£, PlccadiHy. N. B. The Calendar feparate. 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