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Sdences
Corporation

33 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. HS80

(716) 873-4503

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32X

.yt

AN ADDRESS

TO THE WORKING CLASSES OF CANADA.

li'

BRETHREN:

The following statement is submitted to you by a body
of fellow-labourers ;— men who, like yourdelves, experience the
trialB and vioissitudes to which working men are liable ; men
wh), like all who obtain subsistence by the labour of their
hands, consider that there are certain rights, as well as duties,
pertaining to ^h» workman; men who, possessing no other
capital than that with which F^oyidence has blessed them—
their labour— feel that it is with themselres aldne to place a
Talue upon that, the only commodity which they bring into the
markets of the world, whilst at the 3ame time they grant to
those who desire to deal with them the right of declining to
purchase if the article offei-ed be rated at an extravagant price.
The right of the owner to dispose of his property to the best
advantage being established according to ti>e usages of com-
merce, it necessarily follows that he is at liberty to refuse any
lower rate than that which he has placed upon his articles,
and oan remove them to any other market that may be open
to him.

The party desiring to purchase has the right, likewise, of
rafiising to give the rate demanded if it appear to him exorbi-
tant But he has no right to follow the seller to any other
marlnt, and desire intending purohasera not to buy on any

¥i

conditious, merely because the owner would not accept the
offer he had made him.

The righta of both parties — the employer and the workman —
having been thus defined, it might not be unprofitable to take
a Tiew of their duties. A working man should be honest and
faithful, laboiiring during the time agreed upon, and performing
a fair quota of labour in that time. The employer, on the
other hand, should take no unfair advantage of the workman —
he should avail himself of the best means, and supply the
necessary material, to render the artizan comfortable, as well
as profitable.

From these premisses the conclusion is inevitable — there are
mutual rights, mutual duties, existing on the part of and
between the employer and the journeyman ; and such may not
inappropriately be termed the ethics of trade and fair dealing.

Having given what appeared to the parties addressing you
a fair exposition of the principles which should govern the
employer and the employee, a statement of the difficulties that
have recently occurred between some of the proprietors of
Printing offices in Toronto and the Journeymen Printers will
be laid before you ; and it is the desire of those interested to
state nothing that can be disputed, or that will bear the appear-
ance of malice or ill-will towards any one.

In the year 1834 the first Society of the Journeymen Printers
of Toronto was formed, and the wages were settled by agree-
ment between the proprietors of Printing offices and the jour-
neymen at £1 15s. per week of sixty hours, with lOd. per hour
for all hours beyond that number. This rate was paid for the
space of nearly nine years without complaint on the part of the
employers, when (about 1843) Mr. Pktbr Bbown, father of
Georqe Bkown, Esq., now M. P. P. for Kent and proprietor
of the Globe newspaper, made arrangements with the Free
Church party to cone from New York to Canada and publish a
paper in their interest, to be called The Banner. At this time
the price here (settled in 1836) of setting up a oertun given

quantity of type was Is. 3d. currency, while in New York it
was Is. 5d. Mr. Brown, however, who was about to become
the champion of freedom in religious matters in Canada, and
to facilitate the entire emancipation of the people from what
he termed "priestly tyranny," made up his mind not to allow,
if he could prevent it, any freedom whatever on the part of
those who should work for him. As a first step, he proposed
that those who worked in his liberal establishment should be
paid 5s. per week less than those working in other Printing
offices — ^the consequence of which was, that the men "con-
spired" (to use Mr. B's expression) against him, and quitted
his employment. To supply their places, inducements of an
advance in pay were held out to boys who were engaged as
apprentices in other offices — but who were not indentured — to
desert and join his office. Four lads from city, and two from
country offices, were by this means allured from their legiti-
mate masters, and led to enrol themselves under the Banner
of Mr. Brown, so that he was enabled to continue the publica-
tion of his paper. But this did not last long. Mr. Brown's
irregular and imprudent manner of conducting his business
led to confusion in his Printing office, and occasioned much
of the work to be performed after night — the boys getting home
at one, two and three o'clock in the morning. They were soon
laid up with sickness; and, to save their own lives, had
to leave Mr. Brown to the mercy of the conspirators— the
workmen.

The journeymen finding that Mr. B. was attempting to deprive
them of a portion of their just dues, and that he was unscrupu-
lous enough to stoop to any scheme that was at all likely to
serve his unprincipled purpose, met together and decided upon
making their situation known to the community. This they
considered to be the more necessary as Mr. B. had denounced
them as a rebellious and disaffected body. They therefore stated
the matter in a short way, and published the following docu>
ment : —

*A PLAIN STATEMENT OF FACTS.

*' The JouKNEYMBN P»iNTBBS of the City of Toronto, in c<»-
aequence of recent proceedings in a certain quarter aetiondiT
affecting their mterestu, feel it their duty thus publicly to atate
tne tollowmg facts and circumstancos, in order to refute seyeral
misstatements, industriously circulated, calculated greatly to
u^ure them. And while they diflclaim all intention of assuminir a
£!I!I?15 d{ctatoml to any Employer, they are resohed, firmly fiit
respectfully, to maintain, by all legitimate means in theirpower.
!;/f«f'^i "S*'*^*^"^* privileges, as one of the most important
and useful, though perhaps inadequately rewarded, class in the
mdustnoufl community.

» ^°' ^.^^^S?' of years a certain " Scale of Pricea " had pre-
vailed m this City, which was considered perfectly fiur and
reasonable by all the employers— as evidenced in the fact that
not the shghtesti objection to it was ever oflFered by any of them
—and which continued in operation, without exception, until
about two years ago, when a person fVora the neighbouring
Republic commenced business here, who has ever rince been
unremitting m his ''liberal" endeavours to reduce as low as
pomble tlie hitherto considered fair and equitable rate of
remuneration due to the humble operative.

.^l^ ^''*^ ff * °^ this "i,a/noftc ' individual, shortly afterhls
amval, in furtherance of his object, was to call together bv

pose of r^^MZaftn^the wages of the Jounieymen, when very feT
or none, attended, and no steps were taken by them ei^er to
regulate or reduce the fair and long-established rate of wages.
Ctn the part of the Journeymen, it was thought prudent by them
. J re-orgamze Uieir Society, the objects of which should be-
r.lJv^^^'ln??!' ^^''V ^r^«l oceans, the interests of the Em-
M«™wfiS* Employed-to uphold the respectabiUty of iSe
to^™ S* ^""''°S Profession in the dity of Toronto-
5 SSL/L i"? ^Sf'^acl^ment the present estabUshed Rate
Prn^^frti** *^*S*^ pecuniary asMstaace to those of X

ri?««L* ff ll°^^*^' Bubjoined, as set forth ii theirpSnted
Constitution, the Journeymen are not aware that any oWedara
was ejq»re88ed by the Master Printers-on the a^oAr^Z
most they were cordially ajjproved of. «wnrary, ny

^i;;!S!v^S^.?*^' .^f^^ foa«» « W» first attempt did m.i
rsLs^uxaumsucsigii, Dui has coniinually endeavoured, byvarious

S SS to ftccompheh it. At present it may not be neceseaiy
^ftt!l "^""^^ ^''^f^^^' "»• 8«t«»»«« resorted to : suffice uS
aL «/*' "£'*' °*"^y ^"'°« ^" office ^i*J» boys, (some two of
O^JL ''^w "'*'* Apprentices who had absconded fJoS

S»?~l^^^~"*^"i *^? "^^'^^ ago he discharged two of hitl

CS.S*5'^f 'r'ly ^''^'^^^^ *^«y weremembfrs ofThe Typo-

S;fc*l^®°''*'^? ^"* 1'""^ ^««'^"«« *hey refused to workfor
leti than the regular and established rate of wages.

wi^^^l"/*^''®''"'^''^.^®''?^*'"**^^ unvarnished facts, they
in tt«\.?rf "'1"^ discerning public to award their decision
the^lini'J*' ^""^ '.°'\^"? °^ '^« P'^tie" '° q'^estion, trusting
tZ^onZ'^a.T'^' *^** ?* ^*«" of Toronto are but
Jm«S5JJI- '^ejfnsive, and contending for no additional

^SS^r^**"""?"^"^*^ exorbitant or unreasonable-but on the
riii^A.^'ir'^ endeavouring to maintain that which is con-
S.tV' H^v*" respectable Proprietors as a fair and just rewtod
for their labor and toil. « The labourer is worthy o^Ms S^

" Tub Jouhnbysien Peintees of Toeonto
" Toronto, July 1846."

This was distributed throughout the City, and a oopy sent
to Mr. Brown. The public, always ready to sympathise witli
the working classes, felt that in this instance truth and justice
were on the side of the workmen, and that their traducer had
acted towards them in an exceedingly iUiberal and oppressive
manner. Action on the part of the working classes was aroused,
and Mr. Brown was made to feel in his most sensitive spot (the
pocket) that this was not the country for a maUciousand bitter
enemy of the workingclas.es to look for a large subscription
li8t to his newspaper. What was to be done ? There was but
one remedy, The mechanic had found friends in his adversity,
•nd those friends were damaging the Banner to such an
extent as to threaten a final folding up of the whole concern.
» ~7^, --;'5-^'"v- = =»aiagcia was resortea to, and the issue
waa^ ttatMr. George Brown, the eldest son of Mr. Peter Brown
rtMted a newpaper, called the " Globe," which professed to be
entirely independent of, and distinct from the unpopular
Banntr. Presently the Banner slept in its folds, and tte field

was left entirely to the rising genius of the •♦ Globe," who took
pains not to «ome into colUsion with the openitins tijl i«
thought hiipself stroiyj enough to cmih them. Years Jiw he
waited for an opportunity. Time after time has he requested
the proprietors of offices to meet and decide upon cutting dojfn
the lahouror. Meetings haye some of them held at hi» bid-
ding—their fiats have they sent forth ; apd, like the gnat o|ithe
ox's horn, they have not been felt.

But the world was progressing. California opened her
golden Teins— Australia held out the inducements of an exten-
sive auriferous deposjte, avd Labour began to hope and i^p^e
herself. Men's hands and time and wor^ ww iippi*Win
value everywhere but in Canada. There a certain ancient
institution— low wages-held sway: the artizans depi^rted from
her shores, and sought in other climes that remui)ieratioi» for
their labor which was denied them ip their own countiy. Pro-
visions and all other necessaries of life became dearer, p^4 the
working classes found it difficult to live. Again : railroads were
putm course of construction ; and so great became the demand
for workmen that wages had to rise by the force of circumstances
wherever raih-oads were in progress. But in the cities the im-
pulse had not yet been given. A Uttle time and common
labourers— that hitherto neglected, but exceedingly usefW class
of men— were offered higher rates than the mechanics were
then receiving. The impulse was noto given, and it was felt.
The stone-cutter, the carpenter, the mason and bricklayer, the
taUor, the shoemaker, demanded a proportionate rise in their
wages, and succeeded. Well did they deserve it, and long
may they enjoy a fair remuneration for their toils.

The Printer— he who fans the flame of civiHxation and intel-
ligMice, and trims the lamp of Uberty— began to look forth

duzinfc the midniehthourRnf-hidinii in «).a/1<vK»:«.4; -o-i^xs

office, and resolved to demand a sUght increase in his wages, so
that he, too, might escape being reduced to a.lewer position
thaptiutthehadprevioufllyoujupieA An advanoeof 6b. perweek

th.tU.mktagit would o.a.. BO ,»,pl„,„ to«l« „X
.n ^" of Prmang office, co-plied with hi. req^ „d

fl.rt„u_who h.d n.«,.g«| tk. .ff»i„ „ ,„. ..,.Mi,^„.„n."
to thi. t.n,e-iJ«, complied with hi. denm,d. But Mr Qeoree
&ownnowm«l.hi, .pp.,™„co upoathe troubled ,t.geT

t^T ^^T^t" "- ~°''"""'^ •' ouce-the^'tj,'
nmt giTe m. He h«l been curbiug, fru.tn.tiBg «d obrtrucZ
U.. memb«, of the Hou,. of A,.eu,bly wUl. couducZ af
buoBe., of the country for mouth. p«,,, ^d it w- ITJZ
«ppo«d th»t U,. Priuter. could or wU r^^^i7*r Thi
arraBgemeut of Mr. Ooriou BrowB was ouBulled, aud the 3eu
wo, BpMed that they would uot be paid ».ore'Z. 1^5
w^^ ««"•«• Brown, uotwithelauding all U.e eB-p'^ew
w«. th» pay.Bg the addiUoB.1 five .hilliBg, per week. S
mg Uiat the n.en were not more di.po.ed in 1863 to come to hi.
coaiUoB. than they h«I been to hi. father, ia 18«, he imm^
aiately flew round to Mme of the employers .-d „aal^
them U, a.ri,t in checking thi. in.,bo?diJaUc, /and ha^
«^ the co-operation of a few «.ch men a. him«lf, he c^
.m«hBg of the M..ter Printer,. At thi. meeting a commW^
bT«* of Ald.rm«i Thomp«,a, Mr. Jo,. Lo,,ii, ^^^^

to draw up a Male of price, to be paid by the emplovm^^

Comadtto. h.*.g mad. out their «..^ . tJS^'Z^

l^««I*u.ter.wa.caU.d to reoeiT. their report. Mortrfiht

Wr.Ki.tora of Priatiag oiBoe. att«ded L JX^tl

»»«rt«^ tariff war. .ab«itt«, and -lopt^J-L^tt^Mi^'

<»me to the coaoludon to notify the mmo^t th.. _ "v^

^re nor. than the old rate after the easBiog Satu^V^'

«^,-ight oa.,., Mr. &.wn-ha;i:^^i,'^

frW.^ ^c. «B the Bwiou, Mflndw-w. fJZZ

m^t^M th, id«t of ri, a» Bwti^gftJSS^

but he was doomed to disappointment. The proprietors of tt«
J^orth American, thinking they were bound to dismiss their
men by the decision of the employers, and that all would do
so, discharged theirs; but when, on Monday morning, they
found out the fraudulent manner in which Mr. Brown had
stated the matter, they requested the men to return to their
work, and left Mr. B. alone in his glory. Lovell dismissed
those who would not bend ; while all the other proprietors,
finding their workmen were not disposed to succumb, agreed to
conform to the scale demanded.

George Brown, discovering that neither his threats nor his
denunciations were heeded by the men, resolved to try his hand
at the old family trade of calumniating. Falsehood and misre-
presentation were evoked to his assistance, and the men were
stigmatized in his paper as stubborn and disaffected, solely
because they refused to labour for him for any doleful pittance
he might choose to give them ; an<^ once more *' the lying
Qlubc'* was an every-day expression. Forgetting that the men
had the right to take their labour to the best markets open
to them, he went round to the different Printing offices and
requested that those who had been working for him might
be refused employment should they apply for it ! Verily the
liberality of some liberals is pure despotism ! The journey-
men who had been in Mr. Brown's employ were glad of a
holiday— the hereditary irrej^ularity of the Brown family had
deprived them for a long time of the repose nature required ;
and they proved as invulnerable to his abuse as did the walls of
the Parlip.ment House at Quebec. Mr. Brown published to the
world the untruth that he got out his paper merely with the
asristance of the boys of his establishment, and thus saved the

iragcs nv uuu ucsu xu luc uaun vi giTiug Ijhv ij?v».i *. « —

he made this assertion he was paying some of the smaller
offices in town to set up his type for him, and beg^^g and
borrowing whole columns of type from any of the newspaper
proprietors who were simple enough to loan or give him. What
high-toned morality! By way of still further damaging the

journeymen, he caused the city iralla to be placarded late on
Saturday night with hand-bills, to let the Christian commxinity
learn on Sabbath that George Brown, the Sabbath-keeping
champion, wanted boys to work for him. Is this an evidence
of his religion 1 We hate seen him in two lights — as the
moralist, and the religionist. As an abolitionist, none can be
more loud than he : he can write, talk, aye, and ey en feel for the
BLACKS at a dittance, but would lash and driye white slaves at
home. Three lights, then, have we viewed him in. Behold him
in a fourth — as a politician. Vain man ! shallow performer on
the political stage ! He is the advocate of true and popular
reforms and liberal measures. His last aim at reform was an
attempt to curtail the wages of the mechanic, because a small
portion would have been required out of his own purse — his last
liberal measure was an attempt to oppress a large portion of
the working classes — his latest liheraliiy was exercised in a
manner that would, if successful, have deprived his fellow-
creatures of a portion of the necessaries of life. Look at the
following specimen of his political logic, and then you will be
able to form an estimate of his tact and statesmanship. When
speaking of the Journeymen Printers' Association recently, he
mode the remark — " I never will acknowledge, or have anything
to do with, combinations of any kind — the Browns will never
recognize combinations, no matter for what purpose they may
have been formed." See the manner in which he has kept this
determination — by originating and entering into a combination
of the masters, with the view of cutting down the salaries of
the ment

The nnmerous and imremitting attempts to infringe upon the
rights <^ ihe journeymen is not the only ixgnry they have to
oomplain of on the part of Mr. Brown. He has neglected to
perfimn certain of the duties of the employer towards the men.
He has availed himself of everything that would tend to thdr
proafaration and dfitriinent : for instanc^^ kf- ha* k^t them mB«
durinff the day, so that he might indn%e in the satisfactioii of

humiliating them by compelling them to labour throughout the
night ; and— oh what liberality !— while all the proprietors had
their offices lighted up with gab, so that the men might have
some chance of health and a little comfort during their labour^
Mr. George Brown would not allow his workmen anything more
luminous than a long-eights taUow candle to give them Ught
during their nocturnal labours— thus securing economy where
Am pecunitiry interests were likely to be affected at the expense
of the sight and the health of those who earned his bread.

Under all these circumstances, we say then, George Brown
may puff and blow, may threaten and frt«e«Ma<c— the Journey-
men Printers, conscious that they have acted in a fair and
honourable manner towkrds Mr. Brown and all other employers,
feel that they are in a position to resist oppression and dis-
regard menace.

Working Men, of whatever calling! we have laid our
statement before you— of truth it bears the impress. Agwn
we appeal to you. Beware of the Globe— ^ui no faith in its
proprietor: the oppressor of the Journeymen Printers is the
oppressor of the journeymen of every other trade. Is it neces-
sary, then, to say that George Brown is the enemy of the work-
ing classes generally.

Farmers of Canada, and Men of Kent I guard your
liberties: you have the right to take your produce to the best
market. George Brown, who has endeavoured to prevent the
Printers taking their labour to any other market than his own
Uberal Printing office, would, had he the power, prevent you
taking your grain to any other market than that he might
choose to point out to you. The enemy of the mechanic is the
enemy of the farmer. Wherever low prices for labour prevail,
there must low prices for farmers' produce prevail likewise.
The advocate for poor pay to the Printer is to the same extent
the advocate of poor pay to the Farmer ; and he who is ilUberal

to one DOrtlon of thn WAVlriwo lAaaaaa fo :ii:i.^«..1 A. -t1 l..__x

he never so much of his liberality.

WcuKiNo Classes of Canada ! lend us your sympathy, your
aid. By your assistance formerly the Brown " Banner" was
rent and riven ; with your co-operation now, the Globe can be
compelled either to enlarge in liberality or to collapse into
nothingness.

With best wishes for the prosperity of aU working >ople,
the Farmer as weU as the Mechanic— the x.adea-
man as well as the Labourer— we have the honour
to subscribe ovrselves

THE J£?52EY15K| J?EINTEBS

OP jroRONTa

Toronto, July, 1858.