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 QB. Jf. (Sage & CO/0 €bucattonal §^ttxtii. 
 
 K^. 
 
 THE 
 
 PRACTICAL Speller. 
 
 SUITABLE FOR HIGH AND FUBLIO SCHOOLS. 
 
 J^-^^ 
 
 -«<-J(^ 
 
 Jl^ 
 
 ^U 
 
 1 
 
 A SERIES OF GRADED LESSONS, 
 
 containing 
 
 The Words in General Use, with Abbreviations, etc.; 
 Words of Similar Pronunciation and Different Spell- 
 ing ; A Collection of the most Difficult Words in 
 the Language ; Words Commonly Misspelled ; a 
 number of literary selections, which may be 
 USED FOR Dictation Lessons, and committed to 
 Memory by the Pupils ; and the leading 
 Grekk and Latin Roots, Prefixes and 
 Affixes. 
 
 Authorized /or use in the Schools of Otitario. 
 Authorized for in the Schools of New Brunswick. 
 Authorized b^ <;<o Council of Public Instruction, Quebec. 
 Authorized by the Council of Public Instruction, Manitoba. 
 Authorized by the Council of Public Instruction, British Columbia. 
 
 1 
 
 aOOTri THOUSAND. 
 
 W. J. GAGE ik COMPANY, Limited 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
mmmmmmmmummt 
 
 
 Entered, aecordlngr to Act of Parliament, in the Office of the Minister 
 of Agrlcultore, in the year of our Lord 1881, by Thb W. J. Gaqk Co't 
 (LXD.)i Toronta 
 
 r 
 
 I 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 ■«o*- 
 
 r 
 
 •- 
 
 la a Speller a Neeeaaary Sehool-Bookf — The old- 
 fashioned Spelling-Book has been discarded by teachers gen- 
 erally. Many valid objections were properly urged against 
 its use, and it passed away. 
 
 Entire dependence upon oral apelling may also be fitly 
 styled a method of bygone days. Unfortunately for the old 
 spelling-book it was associated with all the folly and weak- 
 ness of "oral spelling," and this partly accounts for its 
 rejection. 
 
 What have the reformers given as a substitute for a Speller P 
 They took our bread and have given in return but a stone. 
 The bread even though a little stale was much more whole- 
 some than the stone. In Canada part.s of the lessons to be 
 found in the Readers are taken as dictation lessons, and the 
 pupib are turned loose on society to shock it by their bad 
 spelling, and disgrace the schools which they attended, and 
 in which they should have been taught. The Readers do not 
 contain all the words that boys and girls will have to spell in 
 life, and if they did, the lessons are not arranged in propet 
 form for spelling lessons. Only a comparatively small por- 
 tion of the Readers can be written from dictation in schoob. 
 Bad as were the old Spellers, they were infinitely better than 
 nothing. This fiact is now recognized in Great Britain and 
 the United States, in both of which countries many valuable 
 
 I 
 
-'^Tr- 
 
 Iv 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 spelling-books have recently been issued. That these were 
 necessary in England is clearly shown by the fact that at a 
 recent Civil Service Examination "no less than 1,861 out 
 of 1,972 failures were caused by spelling.** 
 
 A practical dictation Speller is clearly a necessity, and this 
 work has been prepared to supply an obvious want in the 
 programme of Canadian schools. The claim to the name 
 " Practical " is based on the fact tliat it is not a mere collec- 
 tion of thousands of " long-tailed words in osity and ation" 
 but « ontains a graded series of lessons to teach the pupib 
 the proper spelling of the words which all have to use. 
 
 PronUnent Features. The book is divided into eight 
 parts, as follows : — 
 
 Part I. contains the words in common use in daily life, 
 together with abbreviations, forms, &c. These are the words 
 that should first be learned. If a boy has to leave school 
 early, he should at least know how to spell the words of 
 every-day occurrence in connection with his business. 
 
 Part II. gives words liable to be spelled incorrectly be- 
 cause the same sounds are spelled in various ways in them. 
 
 Part III. contains words pronounced alike, but spelled 
 differently with different meanings. 
 
 Part IV. contains a large collection of the most difficult 
 words in common use, and is intended to supply material for 
 a general review, or for spelling matches and tests. 
 
 Part V. Contains the words most commonly spelled 
 incorrectly in Canadian schools. It was prepared from 
 lists sent by many teachers. Pupils who can spell the 
 words in Part V. will make few mistakes in spelling. 
 
 Part YI. contains spaces in which each pupQ should 
 write the words he is liable to misspell. This is a most 
 important feature. 
 
PRSrACB. 
 
 Part VII. contains selections for dictation lessons. 
 They should be memorized by the pupils. They may thus 
 aid in the training of language and character. 
 
 Part VIII. is devoted to etymology. 
 
 !- 
 
 fflNTS ON TEACHING SPELLING. 
 
 When should Pupils begin to Ijearn to Spell f — 
 
 There should be uo oral spelling, or written spelling either, 
 from memory, during the first year and a half or two years of 
 school life ; yet pupils should be learning to spell from the 
 start. How ? By copying, copying, COPYING. By copy- 
 ing in script well-written sentences set by the teacher on 
 the board. Sometimes these sentences may be taken from the 
 primer, but they should generally be the language of the pupils 
 themselves, including certain words given by the teacher. 
 
 Assigning Spelling Lessons, — The teacher should not 
 merely say, " Prepare the tenth lesson," or, " Your dictation 
 will be the first twelve lines on page 24." The pupils should 
 pronounce after the teacher the words of the lesson, looking 
 at them carefully as they do so. Peculiar or difficult words 
 should be written on the blackboard, and spelled simultane- 
 ously by the pupils, and hints should be given to aid iu the 
 preparation of the lesson. 
 
 Preparing Spelling Lessons, — We wish to teach the 
 forms of the words, not their sounds. Unfortunately, the 
 forms of words do not always agree with the sounds in Eng- 
 lish ; hence the form of a word must be impressed on the 
 mind through the eyey and not the ear. It is perfectly clear 
 therefore that the art of making good spellers consists in 
 teaching pupils to see words accurately. The London Times 
 once said, "Spelling is learnt by reading, and nothing hut 
 
yf PREFACE. 
 
 reading can teach apelUng** It may be accepted as a rale that 
 a good reader is always a good speller. These facts all pomt 
 the thoughtful teacher to the conclusion that we have already 
 stated ; — spelling depends on the power of teeing with pre- 
 cision. It follows that the exercise which compels the pupil 
 to look most carefully at words must be the best method of 
 preparing a spelling lesson. Unquestionably this exercise is 
 transcription. Let the pupils copy on their slates the lesson 
 to be prepared. The lesson may be copied as a home exer- 
 cise, if due care be taken by the teacher in examining both 
 spelling and writing. This is necessary in order to compel 
 scrutinizing attention to the words to be copied. The whole 
 value of the exercise depends on this being done. 
 
 Repeating the letters of a word orally is of little lasting 
 benefit. Make the pupils see the words, and if possible never 
 let a pupil see a word wrongly spelled. 
 
 Testing Spelling Classea. — There are only two meth< 
 ods, oral and written. The oral method alone is of very little 
 practical value. An American writer records the case of a 
 young man " who won three prizes at spelling schook, but 
 made five mistakes in spelling in a note written to a School 
 Board." Oral spelling does not accustom the ege to the 
 form of the word in writing. This is a fatal objection to 
 it. and all modem teachers recommend that spelling lessons 
 be conducted chiefly in vr ifing. 
 
 Correcting Spelling I^essons, — They must be cor- 
 rected thoroughly. If proper preparation has been made as 
 recommended very few errors will be made. In a large class 
 the teacher will not be able to examine personally the book 
 or slate of each pupil, except in the case of review lessons 
 consisting of words previously misspelled in the class. These 
 should always be examined by the teacher. In other lessons 
 one of the following plans may be adopted :~- 
 
 f 
 
 I 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Ttt 
 
 1 
 
 1. Pupils exchange slates, and the teacher gives the oor« 
 rect spelling word by word, the pupils marking those that 
 are wrong. 
 
 2. Pupils retain their own sktes, and different pupils are 
 called on to spell the words. Those agreeing with the spell- 
 ing given indicate by raising the hand, before the teacher 
 decides a' to its correctness. Marking as before. 
 
 3. Slates are exchanged and the corrections made as in 
 No. 2. 
 
 4. While the teacher writes the correct spelling on the 
 board, each pupil may correct his own work, and slates or 
 books be exchanged for revision only. The latter method is 
 probably the best with honest pupils. 
 
 In all cases where slates are exchanged the pnpil owning 
 the slate should have the right to appeal agamst the marking 
 done by his neighbor. 
 
 Reviews, — Each pupil should write correctly the words 
 which he misses, about five times, to impress the correct 
 forms on his mind. In addition to this he ought to make a 
 list at the end of his book of all the errors he makes. From 
 this list the teacher should prepare his reviews. The words 
 missed are the only words that need to be taught. " Leave 
 no enemies in the rear." Review regularly. 
 
 General Suggeations, — 1. The teacher should always 
 articulate clearly and pronounce correctly when giving words 
 for spelling. 
 
 2. Never overstrain the enunciation of a word in order to 
 indicate its spelling. 
 
 3. Allow only one trial in spelling orally or m writing. 
 
 4. In spelling orally, the divisions into syllables should be 
 marked by slight pauses, but in no other way. 
 
 5. Do not assign lessons too difficult for the pupils who 
 have to prepare them. This compels the pupils to spell 
 badlj. 
 
Vlll 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 6. It is desirable that spelling should be taught to a con* 
 siderable extent by means of composition, in order to give the 
 pupils practice in spelling the words in their ov>n vocabu* 
 laries. 
 
 7. In some of the dictation lessons in this book time may 
 be saved by having only the words in italics spelled. The 
 teacher should read the whole sentence and emphasize the 
 words to be spelled. 
 
 PREFACE TO NEW AND ENLARGED 
 
 EDITION. 
 
 With a view to perfecting the Practical SpeUer, and 
 making it in every respect worthy of the name " practi- 
 cal," tw^o new chapters have been added, Parts V. and VI. 
 
 Part V. was compiled from lists of the words commonly 
 misspelled in schools in all parts of the Dominion, and it 
 will therefore be a most important addition to the book. 
 It is a fact worthy of note that the pupils throughout 
 Canada fail in the spelling of nearly the same words. 
 
 Part VI. is intended to be the special spelling book of 
 the individual child who owns the book. It will form the 
 best basis for reviewing, not only during school life, but 
 in after years. 
 
 1 
 
PART L 
 
 • •• 
 
 
 FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 The lists in Part I. contain the words in common use in 
 everyday life. They are the words which every person who 
 writes at all must use, and which every child should there- 
 fore learn to spell. 
 
 They may be used for oral spelling or dictation lessons for 
 the slate or exercise book. The latter method is much to be 
 preferred. 
 
 Tbt diflBcult words are repeated so as to jpve r review les 
 son about once a week. 
 
 Dictation lessons in sentence form are given at intervals. 
 They may serve as models for teachers, who may, if they 
 wish, include the words of each lesson in sentences. It will 
 be a good plan for advanced pupils to write sentences of their 
 own, including the words dictated by the teacher. 
 
 The words are arranged in three columns, and the simplest 
 are pkced in the first column and the most diflScult in the 
 last. Each lesson may thus be assigned to three different 
 classes. Pupils in the Second Book, for instance, might have 
 to spell only the words of the first column, those in the Third 
 Book the words in the first and second columns, and those in 
 the Fourth Book the whole lesson. The Third and Fourth 
 Book classes would in this way be reviewing the work of 
 previous sessions. Many of the lessons are so simple that 
 each lesson may be assigned as a whole to even Second Book 
 scholan. 
 
10 
 
 dAQWa t>RAGTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 
 L At Home. 
 
 
 house 
 
 par lor 
 
 gar ret 
 
 door 
 
 clos et 
 
 at tic 
 
 room 
 
 pan try 
 
 eel lar 
 
 porch 
 
 kitch en 
 
 cham ber 
 
 floor 
 
 win dow 
 
 bed room 
 
 hall 
 
 cup board 
 
 li bra ry 
 
 en try- 
 
 thresh old 
 
 ve ran da 
 
 stair case 
 
 din ing-room 
 
 bal CO ny 
 
 ward robe 
 
 bath-room 
 
 pi az za 
 
 2. In the Parlor, 
 
 vase 
 
 lounge 
 
 pic ture 
 
 chair 
 
 so fa 
 
 por trait 
 
 grate 
 
 car pet 
 
 brack et 
 
 screen 
 
 cur tain 
 
 cush ion 
 
 frame 
 
 tas sel 
 
 pi a no 
 
 table 
 
 mirror 
 
 ot to man 
 
 3l In the Dining^Moom, 
 
 cup 
 
 plate 
 
 cru et 
 
 spoon 
 
 sau cer 
 
 cast er 
 
 bowl 
 
 la die 
 
 tu reen 
 
 glass 
 
 nap kin 
 
 plat ter 
 
 knife 
 
 sil ver 
 
 tum bier 
 
 fork 
 
 pitch er 
 
 side board 
 
 tray 
 
 table 
 
 tea-urn 
 
FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 u 
 
 4; In the Kitchen* 
 
 scove 
 
 ba sin 
 
 ov en 
 
 range 
 
 tow el 
 
 bas ket 
 
 tongs 
 brush 
 broom 
 
 grat er 
 skil let 
 ket tie 
 
 kin dlings 
 dust-pan 
 flat i ron 
 
 pail 
 
 grid die 
 
 and i ron 
 
 soap 
 
 sauce pan 
 
 grid i ron 
 
 5. In the Pantry. 
 
 pan 
 jar 
 
 pail 
 tray 
 sieve 
 
 \ 
 
 herbs 
 
 trunk 
 
 lamp 
 
 quilt 
 
 sheets 
 
 chest 
 
 dip per 
 
 flask 
 
 strain er 
 
 fruit 
 
 skim mer 
 
 can is ter 
 
 pic kles 
 
 crock er y 
 
 vict uals 
 
 tin-ware 
 
 pre serves 
 
 rnber and OarreU 
 
 hm el 
 
 mat tress 
 
 bol ster 
 
 wash-stand 
 
 blan ket 
 
 ba sin 
 
 era die 
 
 cov er let 
 
 bed stead 
 
 coun ter pane 
 
Id 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLEtl. 
 
 7. Review of Difficult Words. 
 
 knife 
 
 vase 
 
 fruit 
 
 tassel 
 
 cm et 
 
 sieve 
 
 ladle 
 
 tareen 
 
 san cer 
 
 portrait 
 
 pre serves 
 
 ba sin 
 
 can is ter 
 
 bal cony 
 
 vict nals 
 
 pi az za 
 
 li brary 
 
 cnp board 
 
 8. Kindness, neatness, order, piety, and a cheerful heart 
 make home the happy place it is so often found to be. There 
 is joy as real by the cottage fireside, as in the most splendid 
 abodes of wealth and luxury. 
 
 9. In the Shed and Tool-house* 
 
 saw 
 
 file 
 
 nail 
 
 spike 
 
 hoe 
 
 pole yoke 
 spade chain 
 sledge shov el 
 wedge trow el 
 le ver meas ure 
 
 rake 
 
 bee tie crow bar 
 
 pick 
 
 cleav er grind stone 
 
 la 
 
 In the Barn and yard. 
 
 pump 
 trough 
 spout 
 flail 
 
 crib era die 
 hay reap er 
 rake roll er 
 straw har row 
 
 sleigh 
 scyUie 
 
 grain cutter 
 fed der har ness 
 
f 
 
 
 FAMILIAR WORDS. 12 
 
 flic kle 
 
 mow er 
 
 gran a ry 
 
 wag gon 
 
 buggy 
 
 pitch fork 
 
 sad die 
 
 hal ter 
 
 cul ti vator 
 
 IL 
 
 Family and Melatives. 
 
 son 
 
 fa ther 
 
 daugh ter 
 
 wife 
 
 moth er 
 
 grand child 
 
 aunt 
 
 cous in 
 
 grand son 
 
 niece 
 
 broth er 
 
 grand daugh ter 
 
 pa pa 
 
 breth ren 
 
 grand mother 
 
 un cle 
 
 hus band 
 
 grand fath er 
 
 sis ter 
 
 mam ma 
 
 half-sis ter 
 
 par ent 
 
 neph ew 
 
 half-broth er 
 
 12. Household Names. 
 
 kin 
 
 friend 
 
 youth 
 
 lad 
 
 babe 
 
 val et 
 
 boy 
 
 maid 
 
 in f ant 
 
 man 
 
 dame 
 
 la dy 
 
 men 
 
 cook 
 
 ba by 
 
 girl 
 
 child 
 
 ma tron 
 
 lass 
 
 nurse 
 
 maid en 
 
 wait er 
 
 but ler 
 
 vis i tor 
 
 wait ress 
 
 stew ard 
 
 rel a tive 
 
 mis tress 
 
 coach man 
 
 do mes tic 
 
 ser vant 
 
 chil dren 
 
 bach e lor 
 
 wo man 
 
 house wife 
 
 gen tie man 
 
 women 
 
 house maid 
 
 gov er ness 
 
 {am i \j 
 
 house hold 
 
 house keep er 
 
 i 
 
 .^ 
 
u 
 
 OAOI'S PBAOTICAL SPELLIR. 
 
 la 
 
 " We are all here I 
 
 Father, mother, sister, brother, 
 
 All who hold each other dear. 
 Each chair is filled — we 're all at homt ; 
 To-night let no cold stranger come : 
 Let gentle Peace assert her power. 
 And kind Affection rule the hour." 
 
 14. Meview of Difficult Words, 
 
 sledge 
 
 shov el 
 
 gran & ry 
 
 flail 
 
 meas nre 
 
 wo men 
 
 niece 
 
 bee tie 
 
 dangh ter 
 
 scythe 
 
 cons in 
 
 bach e lor 
 
 trough 
 
 nn de 
 
 gov er ness 
 
 sleigh 
 
 neph ew 
 
 vis iter 
 
 friend 
 
 val et 
 
 rel a tive 
 
 15. 
 
 Sister and I love mamma. A babe is an infant, or young 
 child. I. may say it and its of a baby, though a boy or 
 girl ; as, it is like its papa. Our uncle and aunt are hus- 
 band and wife. Their children are our cousins. A nephew 
 is a son, and a niece a daughter, of one's brother or sister. 
 In our household are parents, children, and servants. Father 
 is master. Mother is matron, housewife, or mistress of the 
 family. The domestics are men, women, youths, and maid- 
 ens. They are steward, butler, valet, coachman, and waiter ; 
 housekeeper, governess, nurse, cook, waitress, housemaid, etc. 
 Our relatives near of kin are grandfather, grandmother, etc. 
 
 ? \. 
 
 \ 
 
FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 10 
 
 16. Animal Food. 
 
 ham 
 
 veal 
 
 pork 
 
 beef 
 
 loin 
 
 fish 
 
 chop 
 
 egg 
 bird 
 
 fowl 
 
 meat 
 
 curd 
 
 milk 
 
 hon ey 
 
 lamb 
 
 cut let 
 
 game 
 
 rash er 
 
 steak 
 
 chick en 
 
 tripe 
 
 mut ton 
 
 flesh 
 
 sir loin 
 
 cream 
 
 cus tard 
 
 cheese 
 
 sau sage 
 
 but ter 
 
 beef steak 
 
 oys ter 
 
 sar dine 
 
 liv er 
 
 sal mon 
 
 ba con 
 
 had dock 
 
 17. Vegetable Food. (Unprepared.) 
 
 ) 
 
 rice 
 
 rye 
 
 com 
 
 oats 
 
 peas 
 
 cress 
 
 fruit 
 
 prune 
 
 pear 
 
 grape 
 
 plum 
 
 tur nip 
 
 maize 
 
 eel e ry 
 
 wheat 
 
 bar ley 
 
 beans 
 
 let tuce 
 
 peach 
 
 car rot 
 
 squash 
 
 cab bage 
 
 pars nip 
 ( 1 ion 
 pump kin 
 mel on 
 rad ish 
 rhu barb 
 spin ach 
 po ta to 
 to ma to 
 cu cum ber 
 as par a gus 
 
 *^M9Ni* ■'""*" 
 
 X 
 

 16 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 la Vegetable Food* (Brepa/red,) 
 
 bun 
 roU 
 
 dough 
 muf fin 
 
 pan cake 
 crack er 
 
 meal 
 
 flour 
 
 bread 
 
 mush 
 
 soup 
 
 kruller 
 bis cuit 
 waf fle 
 catch up 
 but ter 
 
 dough nut 
 dump ling 
 blanc mange 
 pud ding 
 sand wich 
 
 tea 
 
 gru el 
 
 CO coa 
 
 broth 
 sauce 
 pie 
 
 pastry 
 jel ly 
 porridge 
 
 coffee 
 choc late 
 lem on ade 
 
 stew 
 
 gra vy 
 
 vin egar 
 
 19. 
 
 JEieview of Difficult Wards^ 
 
 ifceak 
 maiie 
 
 floor 
 
 oyster 
 honey 
 drloui 
 ttlnum 
 
 rhn barb 
 ipuiaQh 
 l>i^ii^ nuuiffe 
 Htndwioh 
 
 ■moo 
 itew 
 
 nnnge 
 Murdine 
 
 oetery 
 ehoo late 
 
 dough 
 
 onion 
 
 asparagoi 
 
 20. Bread is made of the flour or meal of gram. Pastry 
 u pies, tarts, cake, and the like, made in part of paste, or 
 dough. Animal food is a part of our victuals, viands, diet, 
 or fare. Food is flesh, fish, vegetables, and all things eaten 
 for nutriment, or nourishment. Use water, milk, tea, ooiTee, 
 foooa, chocolate^ or lemonade, for a bevera^, or drink, 
 
T 
 
 f AMtiitAR WORDd. 
 
 17 
 
 Game is wild meats for food. I like a matton-ohop, a leg of 
 Iamb, a loin of Teal, a sirloin bee&teak, pork ham, a rasher of 
 bacon, sausage, tripe, or liver. We eat curd, cheese, cream, 
 butter, etc. In our garden we have com, peas, beans, 
 onions, lettuce, carrots, squashes, celery, parsley, tomatoesi 
 fruit. In our fields we raise wheat, maize, barley, oats, buck' 
 wheat, potatoes, turnips, carrots, etc. 
 
 2L Setting the Table* 
 
 
 I o( hit owB pavlli.) 
 
 Bertha, you may spread the cloth upon the table ; Laura, 
 bring the knives and forks ; Caroline, the cups and saucers ; 
 Luella, carry the plates; Helen, the spoons ; Louise, go to the 
 drawer for the clean napkins ; as soon as the water IxhIs in 
 the tea-kettle, Dick can pour it on the tea and coffee ; Albert, 
 go to the cellar for the cream, — do not spill it on the stairs ; 
 Minnie, bring the sauce; Harold, go quickly for the cov- 
 ered dishes for the oat-meal and potatoes ; as soon as Charles 
 has taken the roast-beef from the oven, you can thicken the 
 gravy; William, place the chairs around the table; how 
 nicely you have arranged the red and white celery, Edward ! 
 
 y 
 
 )r 
 t, 
 m 
 e, 
 
 k. 
 
 22. Clothing for the Mead and Neck. 
 
 scarf 
 
 hat 
 
 cap 
 
 wig 
 
 veil 
 
 hpod 
 
 mask 
 tip pet 
 era vat 
 col lar 
 bon net 
 tur ban 
 
 chapeau 
 hel met 
 neck tie 
 neck lace 
 muf fler 
 neck dotb 
 
r ^ 
 
 It 
 
 18 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLKIL 
 
 / 
 
 23. CloiM/ng far the Body. 
 
 skirt 
 
 robe 
 
 corset 
 
 belt 
 
 cape 
 
 a pron 
 
 cloak 
 
 gown 
 
 man tie 
 
 frock 
 
 Rafih 
 
 sur touti 
 
 shawl 
 
 shirt 
 
 spen cer 
 
 blouse 
 
 flounce 
 
 sur plice 
 
 basque 
 
 tu nic 
 
 pe lisse 
 
 kUt 
 
 girdle 
 
 che mise 
 
 vest 
 
 . dust er 
 
 wrap per 
 
 coat 
 
 bodice 
 
 waistcoat 
 
 24; Clothing for the lAmbs* 
 
 gloves 
 
 clogs 
 
 draw ers 
 
 tights 
 
 muffs 
 
 stock ings 
 
 sleeves 
 
 gaiters 
 
 trou sers 
 
 smalls 
 
 san dais 
 
 breech es 
 
 boots 
 
 mit tens 
 
 wrist bands 
 
 shoes 
 
 slip pers 
 
 over alls 
 
 hose 
 
 leg gins 
 
 moc ca sons 
 
 socks 
 
 gaunt lets 
 
 pan ta loons 
 
 25. 
 
 Material far C'iothing, 
 
 thread 
 
 felt 
 
 edging 
 
 frill 
 
 lace 
 
 lin sey 
 
 gauze 
 
 pop lin 
 
 can vas 
 
 •(> 
 
 ii 
 
/ 
 
 
 FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 
 plaid 
 
 wool 
 
 tick ing 
 
 print 
 
 cot ton 
 
 wors ted 
 
 plush 
 
 mus lin 
 
 cam brie 
 
 baize 
 
 bea ver 
 
 broad cloth 
 
 tape 
 
 dam ask 
 
 al pac a 
 
 jean 
 
 wool len 
 
 cal i CO 
 
 yam 
 
 bat ting 
 
 sat i net 
 
 19 
 
 V 
 
 <( 
 
 !. Material for Clothing^ 
 
 braid 
 
 gimp 
 
 mo reen 
 
 crape 
 
 hook 
 
 nan keen 
 
 cloth 
 
 fringe 
 
 bro cade 
 
 twill 
 
 rub ber 
 
 mo roc CO 
 
 tweed 
 
 lin en 
 
 cash mere 
 
 chintz 
 
 sat in 
 
 leath er 
 
 serge 
 
 vel vet 
 
 kip skin 
 
 lawn 
 
 tartan 
 
 cow hide 
 
 silk 
 
 tas sel 
 
 calf skin 
 
 flax 
 
 ging ham 
 
 trim mings 
 
 27. Meview of Difficult Words. 
 
 I 
 
 shawl 
 
 bod ice 
 
 ging ham 
 
 basque 
 
 ior tout 
 
 can YBM 
 
 veU 
 
 ^ pe lisse 
 
 calfskins 
 
 lights 
 
 che mise 
 
 oali CO 
 
 plaid 
 
 wrap per 
 
 al pao a 
 
 bdie 
 
 oha peau 
 
 mo roo 00 
 
 Mfge 
 
 trou son 
 
 cash mars 
 
 ..■^' 
 
'I 
 
 r 
 
 OAGE'8 PRAOTIOAL SPELLER. 
 
 2a Dress. 
 
 Dress has a mocal effect upoa the conduct of mankind. 
 Let anj gentleman find himself with dirty boots, old sur- 
 toiitk soiled neckcloth, and a general negligence of dress, he 
 will, in all probability, find a corresponding dbposition by 
 Diligence of addret*. — Sir John Barriitgtott. 
 
 We sacrifice to Dress, till household joys 
 
 And comforts cease. Dress drains our cellar dry, 
 
 And keeps our larder lean ; puts out our fires. 
 
 And introduces Hunger, Frost, and Woe, 
 
 Where Peace and Hospitality might reign. — Cowper, 
 
 29. Pa/rts of the Head and Neck. 
 
 Up 
 
 brow 
 
 pu pil 
 
 eye 
 
 tooth 
 
 eye lid 
 
 ear 
 
 brain 
 
 eye ball 
 
 jaw 
 
 scalp 
 
 eye lash 
 
 gum 
 
 beard 
 
 eye brow 
 
 chin 
 
 cheek 
 
 tem pie 
 
 nose 
 
 skuU 
 
 nos tril 
 
 face 
 
 mouth 
 
 whis kers 
 
 hair 
 
 voice 
 
 fore head 
 
 head 
 
 tongue 
 
 mus tache 
 
 neck 
 
 throat 
 
 wind pipe 
 
 aa Parts of the Trunk and Wait 
 
 rib 
 
 heart 
 
 bosom 
 
 hip 
 
 chest 
 
 ten don - 
 
 flkiii 
 
 breast 
 
 bow els 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
 / 
 
r 
 
 
 FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 
 bone 
 
 nerve 
 
 kid ney 
 
 pore 
 back 
 
 spine 
 lungs 
 
 mus cle 
 stom aoh 
 
 vein 
 
 trunk 
 
 en trails 
 
 loin 
 side 
 
 groin 
 blood 
 
 shoul der 
 back bone 
 
 flesh 
 
 body 
 
 breast bone 
 
 waist 
 
 liver 
 
 ar te ry . 
 
 flank 
 
 sin ew 
 
 ab do men 
 
 31. 
 
 Parts of the Idmbs, 
 
 1^ 
 
 limb 
 
 el bow 
 
 toe 
 
 hand 
 
 an kle 
 
 arm 
 fist 
 
 palm 
 knee 
 
 in step 
 fin ger 
 
 nail 
 foot 
 heel 
 
 joint 
 pulse 
 thigh 
 
 arm pit 
 fore arm 
 knuc kle 
 
 sole 
 
 wrist 
 
 knee ]>an 
 
 calf 
 
 thumb 
 
 knee joint 
 
 ft 
 
 32L The Fairy^s Gift. 
 
 A lazy girl, who liked to live in comfoii- and do nothing 
 asked her fairy godmother to give her a good genius to do 
 everything for her. On the instant the fairy called ten 
 dwarfs, who dressed and washed the little girl, and combed 
 her hair and fed her, and so on. All was done so nicely tha^ 
 she was happy except for the thought that they would gb- 
 away. *' To prevent that," said the godmother, " I will 
 place them permanently in your ten pretty little fingerA.'^ 
 And tiiey are there yet. 
 
 t^ftnt/t 
 

 \) h 
 
 22 OAOB'S I^RAOriOAL BPELLElL 
 
 33L Wards Relating to Appetite. 
 
 hun ger 
 
 eager 
 
 crav ing 
 
 thirst 
 
 greed y 
 
 long ing 
 
 gorge 
 
 dain ty 
 
 rav en ous 
 
 quench 
 
 health y 
 
 vo ra cious 
 
 de sire 
 
 re gale 
 
 pam pered 
 
 de vour 
 
 sat is fy 
 
 glut ton ous 
 
 /^ 3^ Articles of Convenience* 
 
 cane 
 
 va lise 
 
 par a sol 
 
 whip 
 
 satch el 
 
 spec ta cles 
 
 purse 
 
 Ian tern 
 
 um brel la 
 
 strap 
 
 eye glass 
 
 ver shoes 
 
 comh 
 
 card-case 
 
 wa ter-proof 
 
 bnish 
 
 dust er 
 
 hand ker chief 
 
 brooch 
 
 buc kle 
 
 lead pen cil 
 
 
 35l Vehicles, 
 
 gig 
 
 coach 
 
 ba rouche 
 
 hack 
 
 chaise 
 
 bar row 
 
 cart 
 
 cou p^ 
 
 char i ot 
 
 cab 
 
 bug gy 
 
 pha e ton 
 
 dray 
 
 cutter 
 
 om ni bu»^ 
 
 sled 
 
 wag gon 
 
 dil i genoe 
 
 sleigh 
 
 carriage 
 
 horse-car , 
 
 1^' 
 
 J 
 
 A 
 
 IX 
 
 -.^y, 
 
fAMlLUR WORDfi. 
 
 38 
 
 3& Beview oj JHffieult Words^ 
 
 If 
 
 iknU 
 
 DTOOOh 
 
 ▼aliw 
 
 ntrft 
 
 ildgh 
 
 bnokle 
 
 oalf 
 
 ohaiie 
 
 baronoha 
 
 pftlm 
 
 tongiie 
 
 phaeton 
 
 thigh 
 
 mug tAohB 
 
 par a Ml 
 
 wriit 
 
 •torn adh 
 
 speo tad» 
 
 thnmh 
 
 kniic Ue 
 
 ovsrihoM 
 
 
 37. Schools, 
 
 h. h 
 
 dis trict 
 
 in dus tri nl 
 
 pub lie 
 
 col lege 
 
 di vin i ty 
 
 mod el 
 
 gram mar 
 
 a cade my 
 
 grad ed 
 
 board ing 
 
 sem i na ry 
 
 un ion 
 
 pri ma ry 
 
 com mer cial 
 
 nor mal 
 
 med i cal 
 
 u ni ver si ty 
 
 pri vate 
 
 clas si cal 
 
 kin der gar Ua 
 
 aa 
 
 On the Wap tf> Bchooh^^ 
 
 dew 
 
 roi*/. 
 
 gate way 
 
 diiRt 
 
 lane ;'; , 
 
 rail ing 
 
 mud 
 
 street "* 
 
 av e nue 
 
 hail 
 
 track 
 
 pave ment 
 
 snow 
 
 park 
 
 guide-post 
 
 ice 
 
 al ley 
 
 lamp-post ^ 
 
 frost 
 
 gutter 
 
 side walk 
 
 smoke 
 
 cross ins 
 
 curb fltoDA 
 
f.' 
 
 I- 
 
 .»-:i 
 
 
 ti 
 
 OAGE'B PRACHCAL SPELLtifi. 
 
 In the School-room, 
 
 des> 
 
 pa per 
 
 satch el 
 
 beU 
 
 fer ule 
 
 pen cil 
 
 map 
 
 rat tan 
 
 Cray on 
 
 chart 
 
 black board 
 
 mon i tor 
 
 clock 
 
 chil dien 
 
 as sist ant 
 
 book 
 
 teach er 
 
 reg is ter 
 
 slate 
 
 point er 
 
 ink-bot tie 
 
 globe 
 
 stu dent 
 
 die tion a ry 
 
 chalk 
 
 rub ber 
 
 ap pa ra tus 
 
 40. What Pupils do. 
 
 read 
 
 write 
 
 parse 
 
 solve 
 
 think 
 
 learn 
 
 listen 
 
 Man's li/e invalves birth, breath, warmth, care, growth, 
 strength, yonth, love, mercy, attention, direction, the finite, 
 ieath, etc. With mind we connect bram, thought, sense, 
 Johool, study, perception, reflection, application, memory, 
 consideration, investigation, wisdom, etc. Schools .are known 
 Mpnblio, OMomon, graded, high, union, select, model, normal, 
 pMkhtomnmeroial, preparatory, prinuury, reformatory, agrioul- 
 
 at tend 
 
 con stnie 
 
 study 
 
 trans late 
 
 re cite 
 
 ex am ine 
 
 de claim 
 
 rec ol lect 
 
 reck on 
 
 re mem ber 
 
 com pose 
 
 cal cu late 
 
 com pute 
 
 Ku a lyze 
 
 ♦> 
 
 ■. '^ 
 
 i 
 
 f^ 
 
 '^ . 
 
 ^Li -* 5.-, 
 
!^ 
 
 FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 25 
 
 tural, scientific, medical, diwiity, kindergarten, etc. Do yon 
 attend an academy, a semniary, a college, or a university ? 
 Connected with schools are the trustees, the instructor or 
 teacher, the professor, principal, assistant, monitor, monitress, 
 etc. Schools use text-books, apparatos, paper, colors, a lexi- 
 con or dictionary, a clock, chart, pencil, crayon, magnet, 
 blackboard, library, gazetteer, cyclopsdia, pens, etc. At 
 intemussion and after dismission there are many games ; as^, 
 base-ball, leap-frog, quoits, croquet, lacrosse, cricket^ etc ^ 
 
 42. What a Bay or Oirl should he* 
 
 kind 
 
 hon est 
 
 stu di ous 
 
 
 good 
 
 truth ful 
 
 rev er ent 
 
 ■ 
 
 frank 
 
 ear nest 
 
 gen er ous 
 
 
 brave 
 
 hope ful 
 
 en er get ic 
 
 ..' 
 
 no ble 
 
 help ful 
 
 cour a geous 
 
 
 po lite 
 
 care ful 
 
 be di ent 
 
 i 
 
 hap py 
 
 joy ous 
 
 in dus tri ous 
 
 1 
 
 lov ing 
 
 thought ful 
 
 af fee tion ate 
 
 1 
 
 4a What a Boy or Girl should not he. 
 
 bad 
 
 cru el 
 
 wick ed 
 
 mean 
 
 self ish 
 
 heed less 
 
 proud 
 
 un kind 
 
 im polite 
 
 la zy 
 
 fret ful 
 
 de ceit ful 
 
 sulk y 
 
 pro fane 
 
 dis hon est 
 
 sau cy 
 
 im pure 
 
 cow ard ly 
 
 Stingy 
 
 vi cious 
 
 quar rel some 
 
 ii| 
 
/ 
 
 H 
 
 f 
 
 \^ 
 
 26 OAOI'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 44; Boys sometimes are — 
 
 dull 
 
 nois y 
 
 stead fast 
 
 wise 
 
 mer ry 
 
 un ti dy 
 
 cross 
 
 stu pid 
 
 un civ il 
 
 rude 
 
 pa tient 
 
 re spect ful 
 
 man ly 
 
 sin cere 
 
 im per ti nent 
 
 bus y 
 
 faith f ul 
 
 hois ter ons 
 
 wit ty 
 
 play f ul 
 
 in ge ni ous 
 
 jolly 
 
 mirth f ul 
 
 in gen u ous 
 
 45. 
 
 Oim^ls sometim^es 
 
 are — 
 
 shy 
 
 kind ly 
 
 tri fling 
 
 bold 
 
 gen tie 
 
 tat tling 
 
 weak 
 
 si lent 
 
 bash ful 
 
 si' ly 
 
 fee ble 
 
 sim per ing 
 
 gid dy 
 
 clum sy 
 
 im pul sive 
 
 so ber 
 
 haugh ty 
 
 a gree a ble 
 
 se date 
 
 anx ious 
 
 f riv Ious 
 
 live ly 
 
 aim less 
 
 non sen si cal 
 
 46. Meview of Difficult Words. 
 
 high 
 
 pen oil 
 
 hangh ty 
 
 dew 
 
 oray on 
 
 anx ions 
 
 chalk 
 
 re cite 
 
 mon i tor 
 
 pane 
 
 honest 
 
 firiv Ions 
 
 •olve 
 
 vi dom 
 
 in ge ni ons 
 
 nn ion 
 
 bns 7 
 
 be dient 
 
 grammar 
 
 patient 
 
 ap pa ra tns 
 
 aatohel 
 
 lin oer9 
 
 die tion ary 
 
 11 
 
 I'll' 
 
 
V 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 F▲M^iUR WORDS. S 
 
 47. Wards used in Tables. 
 
 inch 
 
 gill 
 
 sec ond 
 
 foot 
 
 pint 
 
 min ute 
 
 yard 
 
 quart 
 
 degree 
 
 rod 
 
 peck 
 
 gal Ion 
 
 mile 
 
 grain 
 
 bush el 
 
 mill 
 
 dram 
 
 scru pie 
 
 cent 
 
 ounce 
 
 far thing 
 
 ton 
 
 pound 
 
 guin ea 
 
 ttt 
 
 a ere 
 
 dol lar 
 
 pence 
 
 quar ter 
 
 fur long 
 
 4a Seasons. Months, 
 
 and Days* 
 
 Spring 
 
 May 
 
 Sun day 
 
 Sum mer 
 
 June 
 
 Sab bath 
 
 Au tumn 
 
 Ju ly 
 
 Mon day 
 
 Win ter 
 
 Au gust 
 
 Tues day 
 
 Jan u a ry 
 
 Sep tem ber 
 
 Wed nes day 
 
 Feb ru a ry 
 
 Oc to ber 
 
 Thurs day 
 
 March 
 
 No vem ber 
 
 Fri day 
 
 A pril 
 
 De cem ber 
 
 Sat ur day 
 
 49. The Days of the Months. 
 
 Thirty days hath September, 
 April, June, and November, 
 February twenty-eight alone ; 
 AU the rest have thirty-one. 
 Except in leap-year : at this time 
 ^February's days are twenty-nin«. 
 

 ''/ 
 
 38 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 SO. Weights and Measures* 
 
 diy 
 
 ster ling 
 
 mis eel la ne ou& 
 
 troy 
 
 for eigu 
 
 apoth e ca ries^ 
 
 square 
 
 li quid 
 
 av oir du pois 
 
 cu bic 
 
 Eng lish 
 
 long measure 
 
 5L Wfyrds used in Arithmetic. 
 
 sign 
 u nit 
 
 ex change «• 
 a mount 
 
 dis counts^ 
 ad di tion 
 
 digit 
 num ber 
 
 pro duct 
 de ci mal 
 
 di vis ion 
 sub trac tion 
 
 f ac tor 
 
 in ter est-' 
 
 sub tra hend 
 
 ci pher 
 fig ure 
 
 quan ti ty 
 min u end 
 
 part ner ship — 
 in sur ance 
 
 quo tient 
 frac tion 
 
 divisor 
 div i dend 
 
 per cent age 
 nu mer a tor 
 
 ze ro 
 
 re main der 
 
 de nom i na toi 
 
 ra tio 
 
 ro ta tion 
 
 mul ti pli cand 
 
 52. Punctuation* 
 
 dash 
 
 ac cent * 
 
 as ter isk -* 
 
 brace — 
 
 brack et ^ 
 
 sem i CO Ion 
 
 CO lon- 
 
 hy phenr-^ 
 
 pa ren the sis — 
 
 com ma 
 
 pe ri od 
 
 ex cla ma tion— 
 
 ca ret ^ 
 
 el lip sis^ 
 
 in ter ro ga tion-* 
 
 r\r 
 
 \' 
 
 h'.\ 
 
 Jk. A 
 
FAMlLlAtl WORDd. 
 
 2d 
 
 53b Things Written or Printed. 
 
 . / 
 
 \^ 
 
 
 i verse 
 
 po e try 
 
 es say 
 
 
 1 prose 
 
 stanza 
 
 re port 
 
 
 1 hymn 
 
 coup let 
 
 re view 
 
 
 1 speech 
 
 son net 
 
 jour nal 
 
 
 1 rhyme 
 
 bal lad 
 
 ad dress 
 
 
 1 psalm 
 
 no tice 
 
 ra tion 
 
 
 # po em 
 
 post er 
 
 cer tif i cate 
 
 
 1 item 
 
 pla card 
 
 par a graph — 
 
 
 1 ^' 
 
 Writing Materials. 
 
 
 ■ quire 
 
 ream 
 
 blot ter 
 
 
 pen 
 
 pa per 
 
 pen knife 
 
 
 quill 
 
 letter 
 
 di a ry 
 
 
 pen cil 
 
 tablet 
 
 e ras er 
 
 
 wa f er 
 
 fools cap 
 
 mu ci lage 
 
 
 nil er 
 
 rub ber 
 
 en ve lope 
 
 
 <!ray on 
 
 ink stand 
 
 port fo lio 
 
 
 55. Meview of Difficult Words. 
 
 
 (Dflh 
 
 scrapie 
 
 jour nal - 
 
 
 qnart^ 
 
 groin ea 
 
 pen knife 
 
 
 ounce 
 
 An gust 
 
 Wed nes day 
 
 
 sign 
 
 Tnes day 
 
 sab trac tion 
 
 
 verse 
 
 quo tient 
 
 el lip iii 
 
 
 - £ b3rnui 
 
 d pher 
 
 ma ci lage 
 
 ' 
 
 1 >*»»>• 
 
 hyphen 
 
 paragraph 
 
 ■■• 1 
 
 ,,-f , 
 
 coup let 
 
 semieohx^ 
 
 f 
 
 \y 
 
 h ■m.iiiiiJ^mw^^niii 
 
/^ 
 
 $0 
 
 GAGE'S PRACtlUAii SPELLER. 
 
 66. DomesHc Animals* 
 
 f * I '•■; 
 
 cat 
 
 Cfllf 
 
 goat 
 
 kid * 
 
 calves 
 
 mas tilf 
 
 mule 
 
 ox en 
 
 stock 
 
 colt 
 
 span ^1 
 
 swine 
 
 don key 
 
 horse 
 
 herd 
 
 hound 
 
 sheep 
 
 beast 
 
 lamb 
 
 flock 
 
 cat tie 
 
 cow 
 
 heif er 
 
 ter ri er 
 
 67. Wild Animals* 
 
 deer 
 
 cam el 
 
 ze bra 
 
 woif 
 
 bea ver 
 
 mon key 
 
 bear 
 
 er mine 
 
 squir rel 
 
 lynx 
 
 mar ten 
 
 wood chuck 
 
 mink 
 
 wea sel 
 
 rein deer 
 
 moose 
 
 rac coon 
 
 an te lope 
 
 lion 
 
 jack al 
 
 por cu pine 
 
 tiger 
 
 leop ard 
 
 buf fa lo 
 
 pan ther 
 
 hy e na 
 58. Birds. 
 
 el e phant 
 
 owl 
 
 spar row 
 
 con dor 
 
 crow 
 
 lin net 
 
 blue jay 
 
 wren 
 
 cuck op 
 
 blue bird 
 
 pp.H 
 
 par rot 
 
 bob link 
 
 e^irifk 
 
 mar tin 
 
 gold finch 
 
 v: 1 
 
hawk 
 
 thrash 
 
 eagle 
 
 FABOLIAR WORDS. 
 
 St 
 
 swal low 
 ca na ry 
 ori ole 
 
 chick a dee 
 wood peck er 
 whip poor will 
 
 59. JDonH kill the Birde» 
 
 Don't kill the birds, the pretty birds, 
 That sing abont your door. 
 
 Soon as the joyous spring has come. 
 And chilling storms are o'er. 
 
 60. Meptiles and Insects* 
 
 ant 
 
 midge 
 
 tor toise 
 
 wasp 
 
 hor net 
 
 cock roach 
 
 gnat 
 
 gad-fly 
 
 ka ty did 
 
 moth 
 
 bee tie 
 
 mos qui to 
 
 toad 
 
 spi der 
 
 but ter fly 
 
 frog 
 
 crick et 
 
 bum ble bee 
 
 newt 
 
 liz ard 
 
 grass hop per 
 
 snake 
 
 tad pole 
 
 cat er pil lar 
 
 worm 
 
 ser pent 
 
 drag on fly -^ 
 
 
 6L Climate. 
 
 hot 
 
 siin ny 
 
 pleasant 
 
 dry 
 
 foggy 
 
 ge ni al 
 
 cold 
 
 mist y 
 
 trop i cal 
 
 cool 
 
 balm y 
 
 health ful 
 
 mild 
 
 cloud y 
 
 de light f Ux 
 
 moist 
 
 sul try 
 
 sa lu bri ouw 
 
 warm 
 
 storm y 
 
 tern pest u outt 
 
 J^'^ 
 
 ■flftipMir'ri litr'nr^ 
 
I 
 
 h 
 
 "I 
 
 •.t 
 
 M 
 
 i 
 
 32 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 62. Games and Amuaements* 
 
 sled 
 
 kite 
 
 hoop 
 
 ball 
 
 bow 
 
 tag 
 
 skates 
 
 awl 
 
 bench 
 
 plane 
 
 square 
 
 punch 
 
 shears 
 
 wrench 
 
 gauge 
 
 lamb 
 
 oalvei 
 
 lynx 
 
 wren 
 
 hawk 
 
 gnat 
 
 qnoiti 
 
 awi 
 
 wnnoh 
 
 quoits 
 
 bil hards 
 
 chess 
 
 base-ball 
 
 wick et 
 
 curl ing 
 
 cro quet 
 
 ten nift 
 
 crick et 
 
 foot-ball 
 
 check ers 
 
 fish-hook 
 
 draughts 
 
 la crosse 
 
 Mechanic'8 
 
 Shop. 
 
 bit 
 
 bev el 
 
 vise 
 
 au ger 
 
 lathe 
 
 gim let 
 
 forge 
 
 pin cers 
 
 an vil 
 
 nip pers 
 
 ham mer 
 
 pul ley 
 
 mal let 
 
 com pass 
 
 chis el 
 
 whet stone 
 
 ; of IHfflculi 
 
 Words, 
 
 ▼ise 
 
 obis el 
 
 heifer 
 
 el e phant 
 
 liz aid 
 
 squir rel 
 
 tor toise 
 
 mo8 qui to 
 
 bahn y 
 
 ri ole 
 
 draughts 
 
 por oapine 
 
 leop ard 
 
 oana ry 
 
 reiii deer 
 
 tern pest n ouf 
 
 aager 
 
 la In bri out 
 
 t 
 
 'A 
 
I 
 
 FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 38 
 
 6& ^In a Country Store. 
 
 ■ 
 
 If 
 
 ) 
 
 i 
 
 hops 
 
 salt 
 
 shoes 
 
 shot 
 
 glue 
 
 tar 
 
 cloth 
 
 yam 
 
 starch 
 
 tal low 
 can dies 
 wick ing 
 match es 
 black ing 
 pol ish 
 feath ers 
 var nish 
 flax seed 
 
 cut ler y 
 gro cer ies 
 dry-goods 
 grass-seed 
 clothes-pins 
 va nil la 
 i sin glass 
 gun pow der 
 con fee tion er y 
 
 66. Parts of a Carriage and Harness. 
 
 hub 
 tire 
 spoke 
 fel loe 
 wheel 
 bolt 
 screw 
 ax le 
 dash er 
 
 rein 
 strap 
 girth 
 trace 
 hames 
 bri die . 
 hal ter 
 snaf fle 
 buc kle 
 
 col lar 
 head stall 
 blink ers 
 check-rein 
 crup per 
 breech ing 
 breast plate 
 linch pin 
 sur cin gie i^ 
 
 67. Parts of a Watch or Clock. 
 
 case 
 
 face 
 
 hand 
 
 wheel 
 
 cog 
 
 sprmg 
 le ver 
 piv ot 
 riv et 
 weight 
 
 jew el 
 hair spring 
 pen du lum 
 reg u la tor 
 bal ance-wheei 
 
w^ra 
 
 ■^JF" 
 
 ; I 
 
 1,1 
 i 
 
 'i 
 
 34 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 Lost yesterday, somewhere between sunrise and sunset, 
 two golden hours, each set with sixty diamond minutes. No 
 reward is offered, for they are gone forever. 
 
 68l Wards delating to Travel, 
 
 rove 
 
 tour 
 
 cruis ing 
 
 roam 
 
 tramp 
 
 wan der 
 
 stroll 
 
 ram ble 
 
 trav erse 
 
 cruise 
 
 saun ter 
 
 mi grate 
 
 jaunt 
 
 jour ney 
 
 ex cur sion 
 
 trudge 
 
 voy age 
 
 ex pe di tion 
 
 train 
 
 sail ing 
 
 prom e nade 
 
 69. Post-Office and Railway Station. 
 
 mail 
 
 bag gage 
 
 brake man 
 
 train 
 
 lug gage 
 
 con due tor 
 
 freight 
 
 pack age 
 
 tel e graph 
 
 tick et 
 
 ex press 
 
 tel e gram 
 
 de pot 
 
 en gme 
 
 news pa per 
 
 let ter 
 
 pam phlet 
 
 val en tine 
 
 par eel 
 
 mag a zme 
 
 post mas ter 
 
 bun die 
 
 doc u ^ent 
 
 lo CO mo tive 
 
 7U. Common Trees, 
 
 oak 
 
 birch 
 
 al der 
 
 fir 
 
 spruce 
 
 pop lar 
 
 ash 
 
 cedar 
 
 lin den 
 
 ■1 
 

 FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 
 35 
 
 elm 
 
 hoi ly 
 
 wil low 
 
 
 pine 
 
 ha zel 
 
 hem lock 
 
 
 beech 
 
 ma pie 
 
 lo cust 
 
 
 larch 
 
 chest nut 
 
 hick ry 
 
 
 71. Meview of Difficult Words, 
 
 shoes 
 
 piv ot 
 
 jour ney 
 
 rem 
 
 riv et 
 
 pop lar 
 
 fel loe 
 
 de pot 
 
 en gme 
 
 screw 
 
 pam phlet 
 
 snr dn gle 
 
 weight 
 
 ma pie 
 
 mag a zme 
 
 cmise 
 
 chest nnt 
 
 tel e graph 
 
 tour 
 
 feath ers 
 
 prom e nade 
 
 freight 
 
 rein deer 
 72. Meview, 
 
 isin glass J^ 
 
 Provisions are eatables, or food, collected and stored. 
 The miller takes toll from the farmer, for grinding the. grist. 
 He sells flour, meal, bran, shorts, feed, etc. The baker 
 makes bread, biscuit, tarts, cake, and other pastry; the 
 chandler, candles. A grocer is a trader who deals in tea, 
 coffee, chocolate, and cocoa; sugar, molasses, syrup, and 
 honey; preserved meat and fish, as dried beef, tongue, pork, 
 bacon, ham, shad, codfish, herring, salmon, mackerel, ancho- 
 vies, and isinglass ; spices, comfits, preserves, pickles, can- 
 dies, nuts, ginger, pepper, nutmeg, cassia, cloves, mustard, 
 allspice, cinnamon, almonds, raisins, gelatine, extracts, and 
 marmalade; granular food, as hominy, oat-meal, tapioca, 
 arrow-root, and corn-starch ; and illuminators, as matches^ 
 candles, lard oil, sperm oil, coal oil, etc. 
 
r 
 
 ■^ 
 
 "f"^ 
 
 36 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 / I 
 
 
 73. Things we can 
 
 jDo. 
 
 CU>A 
 
 think 
 
 smile 
 
 hear 
 
 yawn 
 
 laugh 
 
 touch 
 
 play 
 
 groan 
 
 smell 
 
 dance 
 
 moan 
 
 taste 
 
 sleep 
 
 cough 
 
 eat 
 
 work 
 
 sneeze 
 
 sew 
 
 sweep 
 
 breathe 
 
 walk 
 
 scrub 
 
 waltz 
 
 talk 
 
 draw 
 
 gos sip 
 
 feel 
 
 swim 
 
 scrib ble 
 
 love 
 
 skate 
 
 whis per 
 
 pray 
 
 slide 
 
 whis tie 
 
 74; 
 
 Various Classes of People. 
 
 serf 
 
 pas tor 
 
 states man 
 
 nun 
 
 agent 
 
 sen a tor 
 
 monk 
 
 fac tor 
 
 cit i zen 
 
 saint 
 
 stew ard 
 
 of fi cer 
 
 priest 
 
 driv er 
 
 la bor er 
 
 guide 
 
 run ner 
 
 ap pren tice 
 
 quack 
 
 sex ton 
 
 op er a tor 
 
 vas sal 
 
 sa vant 
 
 op er a tive 
 
 var let 
 
 gym nast 
 
 fin an cier 
 
 deacon 
 
 work man 
 75. Trades^ 
 
 pol i ti cian 
 
 tai lor 
 
 print er 
 
 gold smith 
 
 weavei 
 
 join er 
 
 per fum er 
 
FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 87 
 
 hat ter 
 
 ma son 
 
 mil li ner 
 
 sad dier 
 
 black smith 
 
 dress mak er 
 
 coop er 
 
 car pen ter 
 
 ma chin ist 
 
 turn er 
 
 bind er 
 
 plumb er 
 
 76L Occupations, 
 
 nurse 
 
 bar ber 
 
 carv er 
 
 clerk 
 
 butch er 
 
 seam strese 
 
 farm er 
 
 min er 
 
 re port er 
 
 sai lor 
 
 bank er 
 
 jan i tor 
 
 pur ser 
 
 cash ier 
 
 gar den er 
 
 por ter 
 
 drug gist 
 
 ca ter er 
 
 hos tier 
 
 mer chant 
 
 sta tion er 
 
 mil ler 
 
 sales man 
 
 pho tog ra pher K 
 
 Tl. I*rofe88ion8, 
 
 po et 
 
 teach er 
 
 or a tor 
 
 ac tor 
 
 art ist 
 
 mu si cian 
 
 au thor 
 
 paint er 
 
 en gi neer 
 
 law yer 
 
 ed i tor 
 
 sur vey or 
 
 doc tor 
 
 sculp tor 
 
 phy si cian 
 
 sur geon 
 
 en grav er 
 
 his to ri an 
 
 7a jpuhlic Officers, 
 
 judge 
 
 war den 
 
 au di tor 
 
 baiUff 
 
 turn key 
 
 ma gis trate 
 
 jus tice 
 
 con sta ble 
 
 al der man 
 
'•"XI 
 
 38 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 sher iff 
 may or 
 as ses SOX 
 
 trus tee 
 po lice man 
 col lee tor 
 
 com mis sion er 
 su per in tend ent 
 in spec tor 
 
 79. Review, 
 
 Exchange is trie mode of settling accounts or debts be- 
 tween persons living at a distance from each other, by ex- 
 changing orders or drafts, called bills of exchange. Foreign 
 bills are drawn in one country and payable in another. In 
 land bills are drawn and made payable in the same country 
 Trade is the exchange, or buying or selling, of goods. 1\ 
 is known as domestic, inland, or home; foreign, wholesale^ 
 retail, etc. Each man has his b^li^ess, vocation, o£Bce, pur. 
 suit, or calling ; as a banker, president, director, secretary, 
 cashier, teller, book-keeper, treasurer, broker, buyer, factor, 
 agent, dealer, trader, jobber, peddler, huckster, vendor, mer- 
 chant, salesman, shopman, tradesman, financier, auctioneer, 
 etc. Finance is the income of a state or ruler, or the public 
 funds. Specie, hard money, or coin is copper, silver, or gold, 
 stamp'"! at public mints, and used in commerce. It is known 
 as cento, dollars, pence, shillings, pounds, guineas, guilders, 
 ducats, etc. Bullion is uncoined gold or silver, in bars, ingots, 
 or in the mas:;. 
 
 80. State Officers, 
 
 chief 
 king 
 
 sul tan 
 bar on 
 
 au to crat 
 die ta tor 
 
 queen 
 
 duke 
 
 prince 
 
 pnn cess 
 duch ess 
 mon arch 
 
 gov er nor 
 sov er eign 
 pres i dent 
 
li' 
 
 
 FAMILIAR WORDS. 39 
 
 pope 
 
 pre mier 
 
 gen er al 
 
 prel ate 
 
 em press 
 
 ad mi ral 
 
 bish op 
 
 em per or 
 
 rep re sent a tive 
 
 81. 
 
 Meview of tHfflcult Words, 
 
 touch 
 
 whis tie 
 
 pre mier 
 
 walk 
 
 bailiff 
 
 dt i zen 
 
 talk 
 
 gyni nast 
 
 fin an cinr 
 
 monk 
 
 plumb er 
 
 ma chin ist 
 
 goide 
 
 hos tier 
 
 irta tion er 
 
 clerk 
 
 cash ier 
 
 phy d dan 
 
 laugh 
 
 sher iff 
 
 sur vey or 
 
 cough 
 
 bar on 
 
 80V or eign 
 
 waltz 
 
 mon arch 
 
 pho tog ra pher 
 
 
 82. Water Channels. 
 
 pipe 
 
 ditch 
 
 ca nal 
 
 drain 
 
 trench 
 
 cul vert 
 
 spout 
 
 moat 
 
 si phon 
 
 duct 
 
 , sluice 
 
 con duit 
 
 race 
 
 gut ter 
 
 a que duct 
 
 dike 
 
 jew er 
 
 wa ter-course 
 
 
 83. ColorSi 
 
 1 
 
 red 
 
 pink 
 
 brown 
 
 blue 
 
 drab 
 
 am ber 
 
 green 
 
 scar let 
 
 mad der 
 
 yel low 
 
 crim son 
 
 pur pie 
 
 or ange 
 
 car mine 
 
 ma rone 
 
 li lac 
 
 ver mil ion 
 
 vi let 
 
 in di go 
 
 lav en der 
 
 sal mon 
 
 i 
 

 ;! 
 
 I 
 i 
 
 
 40 
 
 SAeE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 
 84. The Farm 
 
 • 
 
 sod 
 
 pool 
 
 swale 
 
 vale 
 
 wood 
 
 lane 
 
 hill 
 
 house 
 
 fence 
 
 deU 
 
 ridge 
 
 wall 
 
 dale 
 
 creek 
 
 path 
 
 bush 
 
 hedge 
 
 road < 
 
 9 
 
 rock 
 
 copse 
 
 barn 
 
 bank 
 
 yard 
 
 drain 
 
 85. 
 
 Soil, Implements, <&c» 
 
 soil 
 
 a cres 
 
 mow er 
 
 clay 
 
 gar den 
 
 dai ry 
 
 loam 
 
 fer tile 
 
 or chard 
 
 spade 
 
 ster ile 
 
 mead ow 
 
 sand 
 
 era die 
 
 sic kle 
 
 chum 
 
 har row 
 
 wood land ; 
 plas ter ^ 
 
 ground 
 
 bar ren 
 
 earth 
 
 up land 
 
 bam yard 
 
 chain 
 
 pas ture 
 
 ar a ble 
 
 flail 
 
 low land 
 
 al lu vi al 
 
 fork 
 
 reap er 
 
 ag ri cul tvre 
 
 hoe 
 
 gyp sum 
 
 cul ti va tor 
 
 aa 
 
 Broduet8 of the Farm. 
 
 rye 
 
 cow 
 
 clo ver 
 
 oats 
 
 bull 
 
 f od der 
 
 hay 
 
 husks 
 
 bar ley 
 
 / 
 
 

 FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 • 
 
 sow 
 
 feed 
 
 red top 
 
 pig 
 
 calf 
 
 stub ble 
 
 hog 
 
 peas 
 
 mel ons 
 
 ham 
 
 seed 
 
 ap pies / 
 
 lard 
 
 pear 
 
 cit rons 
 
 pork 
 
 milk 
 
 car rots 
 
 87. 
 
 JProducts of the Farm. 
 
 chaff 
 
 hides 
 
 gar lie 
 
 straw 
 
 pelt 
 
 tur nip 
 
 sheaf 
 
 hens 
 
 rhu barb 
 
 stock 
 
 eggs 
 
 pump kin 
 
 crops 
 
 curd 
 
 spin ach 
 
 ewe 
 
 whey 
 
 buck wheat 
 
 ram 
 
 corn 
 
 po ta to 
 
 lamb 
 
 beets 
 
 to ma to 
 
 veal 
 
 hops 
 
 musk mol on 
 
 beef 
 
 « 
 
 
 8a 
 
 Products of the Farm. 
 
 hemp 
 
 sheep 
 
 tal low 
 
 grapes 
 
 steer 
 
 bul lock 
 
 plums 
 fruit 
 
 swine 
 cheese 
 
 tur keys 
 rad ish 
 
 grain 
 
 cream 
 
 ma nure 
 
 peach 
 
 ba con 
 
 bil ber ry 
 
 beans 
 
 sau sage 
 
 cran ber ry 
 
 maize 
 
 pcul tiy 
 
 goose ber ry 
 
 wool 
 
 but ter 
 
 black ber ry 
 
 a 
 
 
 (.1 
 
 a 
 
T^ 
 
 ' t^^ "*■■■ " Wft ■ 
 
 42 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 89. JProducts of the Farm. 
 
 wheat 
 
 grass 
 
 goose 
 
 geese 
 
 herbs 
 
 herds 
 
 squash 
 
 ducks 
 
 drake 
 
 chicks 
 
 thyme 
 
 a pri cot 
 
 fleece 
 
 cu cum ber 
 
 quhice 
 
 beech nuts 
 
 pars nip 
 
 but ter nuts 
 
 pars ley 
 
 ox en 
 
 let tuce 
 
 cher ries 
 
 cur rants 
 
 rasp ber ries 
 
 c\o ver 
 
 straw ber ries 
 
 cei ^y ■ 
 
 hue kle ber ries 
 
 tim f:..y 
 
 as par a gus 
 
 90. Heview 
 
 • 
 
 Husbandry, or fanniug, is the cultivation, or tillage, o( 
 the ground. Horticulture is the art of cultivating gardens. 
 Agriculture is the art of cultivating the soil, generally in fields 
 of many acres. It includes chopping, yoking, driving, log- 
 ging, stabling, clearing, fencing, ploughing, sowing, dragging, 
 rolling, marking, planting, hoeing, spading, weeding, digging, 
 picking, mowing, cradling, harvesting, housing, and thresh* 
 ing, — all the work of raising crops. Lands worked by tenants ■ 
 are too often sterile, barren, or woni out/i^ large farm may 
 have arable or tillable upland, fertile, rocky, sandy, or loamy ; 
 pastures and meadows ; hills, caves, dales, dells, glades, roads, 
 paths, woods, forests, springs, ponds, streams, brooks, creeks, 
 coves, lowlands, chasms, swales, swamps, bogs, pools, sloughs, 
 etc. The husbandman, or farmer, needs a good farmhouse, 
 bam, stable, shed, and other buildings ; marl, lime, gypsum, 
 guano, compost, barn-yard manure, muck, phosphate, bone- 
 dust, and other fertiUzen J^baud a plough,V^oolter, harrow, 
 
 : 
 
 I 
 
FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 43 
 
 cultivator, axe, hoe, spade, shovel, rake, roller, sickle, cradle, 
 reaper, mower, pitchfork, etc. Productive farms yield corn, 
 wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, peas, beans, millet, and 
 other bread-stuffs ; clover, red-top, timothy, blue-grass, and 
 other grasses ; potatoes, onions, beets, carrots, turnips, toma- 
 toes, rhubarb, asparagus, parsnips, parsley, celery, lettuce, 
 tobacco, flax, hemp, cotton, wool, fruits, flowers, berries, 
 melons, meat, poultry, game, etc. Y 
 
 91. Books and Papers, 
 
 ol 
 
 1» 
 
 book 
 
 vol ume 
 
 re port ing ' 
 
 news 
 
 lo cal 
 
 mag a zine 
 
 tales 
 
 jour nal 
 
 com mer cial 
 
 births 
 
 col umn 
 
 sub scrib er 
 
 deaths 
 
 mom ing 
 
 jour nal ist 
 
 1 tern 
 
 e ven ing 
 
 ed i tor 
 
 dai ly 
 
 ar ti cle 
 
 ad ver tis er 
 
 week ly 
 
 re port er 
 
 con trib u tor 
 
 for eign 
 
 tel e gram 
 
 mem o ran da 
 
 •A 
 
 
 92. Stationery, 
 
 note 
 
 pen cil 
 
 rul ers 
 
 pens 
 
 wa f ers 
 
 rub her 
 
 ream 
 
 blot ter 
 
 pen rack 
 
 sheet 
 
 , eye lets 
 
 port fo lios 
 
 quire 
 
 fold ers 
 
 e ras er 
 
 quills 
 
 bind ers 
 
 di a ries 
 
 cards 
 
 brush es 
 
 al ma nac 
 
 chesB 
 
 Cray ons 
 
 dom i noes 
 
■aaas 
 
 44 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 \ 
 
 !! 
 
 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 slates 
 
 letter 
 
 mu ci lage 
 
 sponge 
 
 pa per 
 
 en ve lopes 
 
 parch ment 
 
 puin phlet 
 
 pen hold er 
 
 blank book 
 
 pen knives 
 
 cat a logue 
 
 9a 
 
 Metals and Minerals, 
 
 tin 
 
 iron 
 
 CO bait 
 
 lead 
 
 quartz 
 
 ag ate 
 
 gold 
 
 mi ca 
 
 gyp sum 
 
 brass 
 
 cop per 
 
 gran ite 
 
 steel 
 
 sil ver 
 
 mer cu ry 
 
 zinc 
 
 '^^'ck el 
 
 plum ba go 
 
 
 » 
 V M; JHseases. 
 
 cold 
 
 ca tarrh 
 
 scrof u la 
 
 croup 
 
 mea sles 
 
 pleu ri sy 
 
 mumps 
 
 head ache 
 
 neu ral gi a 
 
 gout 
 
 chil blains 
 
 pneu mo ni a 
 
 spasms 
 
 tooth ache 
 
 pa ral y sis 
 
 fe ver 
 
 hie cough 
 
 rheu ma tism 
 
 a gue 
 
 nau se a 
 
 con sump tion 
 
 col ic 
 
 chol er a 
 
 whoop ing cough 
 
 bron chi tis 
 
 epi lep sy 
 
 di ar rhce a 
 
 
 95. NaHonalities. 
 
 Dutch 
 
 Prus sian 
 
 I tal ian 
 
 French 
 
 Polish 
 
 A si at ic 
 
 I lish 
 
 In dian 
 
 American 
 
if 
 
 Eng lish 
 Turk ish 
 Span ish 
 Eus sian 
 Ger man 
 
 FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 m 
 
 Hin doo 
 
 Chi nese 
 He brew 
 Af ri can 
 Aus tri an 
 
 A ra bi an 
 Si am ese 
 Es qui maux 
 Nor we gi an 
 Eu ro pe an l*^ 
 
 96. Review, 
 
 M£ Die IMS relates to the prevention or cure of diseases of 
 the body. An ailment is a morbid state of the body, not an 
 acute disease. The patient had an infectious and malignant 
 disease. Did he prefer allopathy, hydropathy, homoeopathy, 
 or botanic practice ? A complaint is a slight disorder. A 
 malady is a chronic or painful disorder. Was the fever 
 scarlet, yellow, typhus, gastric, bilious, or typhoid? The 
 delirious invalid, a glutton and a cripple, suffered with the 
 gout. Man suffers from diarrhoea, toothaclie, rheumatism, 
 cholera, dyspepsia, diphtheria, pneumonia, chilblains, dysen- 
 tery, insanity, epilepsy, erysipelas, neuralgia, constipation, 
 hydrophobia, congestion, inflammation, bronchitis, carbuncles, 
 consumption, paralysis, nausea, pleurisy, etc. 
 
 97. Religions and Sects, 
 
 Pa gan 
 
 Jew ish 
 
 U ni ta ri an 
 
 Mor ifton 
 
 Bap tist 
 
 Spir it u al ist 
 
 Buddh ist 
 
 Meth dist 
 
 Swe den bor gi an 
 
 Brah min 
 
 Cal vin ist 
 
 Pres by te ri an 
 
 Chris tian 
 
 Or tho dox 
 
 E pis CO pa li an 
 
 Lu ther an 
 
 Cath lie 
 
 Con gre ga tion a) 
 
 Qua ker 
 
 Prot es tant 
 
 Mo ham me dau 
 
46 
 
 «AOE'S PRACnOAL SPELLER. 
 
 98. Church Officers. 
 
 priest 
 clerk 
 dean 
 par son 
 trus tee 
 chap lain 
 
 pas tor 
 
 bish op 
 
 preach er 
 
 cu rate 
 
 VIC ar 
 
 e van ge list 
 
 rab bi 
 
 mis sion a ry 
 
 el der 
 
 col por teur 
 
 dea con 
 
 cler gy man 
 
 99. Names of God, 
 
 God 
 
 Je sus 
 
 Me di a tor 
 
 Son 
 
 Fa ther 
 
 A noint ed 
 
 Lord 
 
 Mak er 
 
 Ore a tor 
 
 Lamb 
 
 Sav iour 
 
 Je ho vah 
 
 Word 
 
 Spir it 
 
 Al might y 
 
 Judge 
 
 Ho ly Ghost 
 
 Re deem er 
 
 Christ 
 
 Pre serv er 
 
 In ter ces s( 
 
 I ! 
 
 100. Review, 
 
 Judaism is the religious doctrines and rites of the He- 
 brews, or Jews ; also, conformity to the Jewish rites and cer- 
 emonies. The ending ism means doctrine, sect, or party ; as, 
 Romanism, Protestantism, Mohammedanism, paganism, pan- 
 tiieisni, fanaticism, polytheism, monotheism, materialism, for- 
 malism, mysticism, scepticism, etc. Denominations of Chris- 
 tians are known as Catholic, Episcopal, Lutheran, Calvinist, 
 Methodist, Reformed, Moravian, Unitarian, Trinitarian, Pres- 
 byterian, Congregational, Quaker or Friend, Baptist, etc. We 
 should not be low, mean, base, vile, proud, sinful, wicked, 
 
FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 47 
 
 haughty, vicious, profane, sceptical, profligai^;, irreverent, 
 impious, — a scoffer, scomer, mocker, bigot, or an unbeliever. 
 We should be meek, humble, reverent, faithful, moral, vir- 
 tuous, pious, pure, devout, righteous, and godly. Strive for 
 humility, purity, piety, spirituality, sanctity, and holiness. 
 Avoid hypocrisy, profanity, irreverence, idolatry, and un- 
 godliness. 
 
 101. Review, 
 
 Many devout people sing hymns and psalms, chant, kneel, 
 pray, fast, give alms, praise God, implore, beseechf adore, 
 invoke, worship, etc. Places of worship are named a church, 
 chapel, grove, temple, synagogue, sanctuary, tabema(ne, ca- 
 thedral, mosque, etc. Officers and persons connected with 
 sacred service are known as priest, rabbi, scribe, pope, pon- 
 tiff, prelate, cure, parson, pastor, shepherd, rector, preacher, 
 chaplain, friar, prior, abbot, vic|ir, abbess, monk, seer, propl^t, 
 clergy, clergyman, ecclesiastic, evangelist, aposUji, minister, 
 leader, cardinal, hermit, itinerant, colporteur, missionai^^. 
 dignitary, disciple, bishop, deacon, presb/ter, laity, layrfian, 
 sister, father, follower, convocation, congregation, hearer, 
 auditor, believer, member, warden, chorister, organist, pre- 
 centor, singer, incumbent, archbishop, elder, clerk, etc. A 
 theocracy is a state governed by the direction of God. i— 
 
 
 102. Parts of a Flower and Plant, 
 
 spa dix 
 um bel 
 cor ymb 
 pan i cle 
 ped i eel 
 pe dun cle 
 
 ca lyx 
 
 style 
 
 se pal 
 
 bract 
 
 pe tal 
 
 pol len 
 
 pis til 
 
 an ther 
 
 sta men 
 
 va ry 
 
 stig ma 
 
 CO rol la 
 
n 
 
 : 
 
 1 
 
 I '\ 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 103. IHviaions of Land* 
 
 coast 
 shore 
 hill 
 plain 
 
 era ter 
 val ley 
 pla teau 
 isth mus 
 
 a SIS 
 vol ca no 
 con ti nent 
 pen in sn la 
 
 cape 
 des ert 
 
 prai ne 
 moun tain 
 
 prom on tory 
 is land 
 
 IM 
 
 Divisions of Heater. 
 
 sea 
 
 lake 
 
 creek 
 
 bay 
 
 loch 
 
 brook 
 
 gulf 
 
 mere 
 
 cean 
 
 cove 
 
 tarn 
 
 ca nal 
 
 bight 
 
 pool 
 
 la goon 
 
 firth 
 
 pond 
 
 chan nel 
 
 in let 
 
 ford 
 
 es tu a ry 
 
 105. Words Relating to Music^ 
 
 bar 
 
 tune 
 
 bass 
 
 clef 
 
 pitch 
 
 al to 
 
 time 
 
 sound 
 
 ten or 
 
 key 
 
 chord 
 
 so lo 
 
 note 
 
 scale 
 
 rhythm 
 
 rest 
 
 space 
 
 meas ure 
 
 beat 
 
 voice 
 
 sem i tone 
 
 tone 
 
 du et 
 
 so pra no 
 
 t • 
 
PAMILIAB WORDS. 
 
 40 
 
 X 106. Musical Instruments. 
 
 fife 
 
 drum 
 
 flute 
 
 lute 
 
 viol 
 
 ban jo 
 
 bu gle 
 cor net 
 cym bal 
 trum pet 
 trom bone 
 oph i cleide 
 
 gui tar 
 pi a no 
 vi lin 
 clar i on 
 clar i net 
 tarn bou rine 
 
 A, 
 
 ^ 107. :Precious Stones. 
 
 gem 
 jew el 
 bril liant 
 ru by 
 opal 
 to paz 
 
 ag ate 
 o nyx 
 ber yl 
 jas per 
 gar net 
 car bun cle 
 
 sap phire 
 em er aid 
 di a mond 
 cor ne li an 
 am e thyst 
 mal a chite 
 
 lOa Words Used in History. 
 
 rel ic 
 ep och 
 bar on 
 tyrant 
 des pot 
 an cient 
 mod em 
 sa cred 
 people 
 
 sub jects 
 man ners 
 cus.toms 
 count ess 
 mon arch 
 com merce 
 sen ate 
 gen try 
 na tion 
 
 pres i dent 
 gov er nor 
 po ten tate 
 roy al ty 
 mon u ment 
 ma jes ty 
 au to crat 
 min i8 try 
 eign 
 
 sov er 
 
50 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 
 109. 
 
 Words Used in TTistory, 
 
 earl 
 
 an nals 
 
 dem a gogue 
 
 czar 
 
 fac tion 
 
 par lia ment 
 
 king 
 
 vice roy 
 
 gov ern ment 
 
 queen 
 
 seep tre 
 
 dy nas ty 
 
 count 
 
 con gress 
 
 pop u lace 
 
 duke 
 
 e vent 
 
 tyr an ny 
 
 tribe 
 
 ro volt 
 
 an ar chy 
 
 horde 
 
 mis rule 
 
 au then tic 
 
 knight 
 
 na val 
 
 re bel lion 
 
 throne 
 
 peer age 
 
 die ta tor 
 
 sol dier 
 
 pa tri ot 
 
 cit i zens 
 
 110. 
 
 Words Used i/n Grammar, 
 
 verb 
 
 sub ject 
 
 in ter jec tion 
 
 noun 
 
 sen tence 
 
 con June tion 
 
 clause 
 
 pars ing 
 
 mod i fi er 
 
 phrase 
 
 ar ti cle 
 
 a nal y sis 
 
 ad verb 
 
 el e ment 
 
 com par i son 
 
 pro nouB 
 
 L pred i cate 
 
 con ju ga tion 
 
 ad junct 
 
 ad jec tive 
 
 prep si tion 
 
 111. 
 
 Words Used in 
 Philosophy, 
 
 Katural 
 
 > 
 
 maflfl 
 
 \m pact 
 
 rar i ty 
 
 force 
 
 con tact 
 
 rar e fy 
 
 space 
 
 due tile 
 
 den si ty 
 
 dense 
 
 brit tl6 
 
 gravity 
 
FAMILIAR W0RD8. 
 
 01 
 
 e 
 t 
 nt 
 
 on 
 m 
 
 an 
 on 
 3n 
 
 touch 
 weigh 
 tough 
 mo tion 
 mat ter 
 
 112. 
 
 im pinge 
 con verge 
 com, press 
 ap proach 
 CO here 
 di verge 
 de scend 
 fric tion 
 at tract 
 repel 
 
 mu sic 
 read ing 
 spell ing 
 writ ing 
 draw ing 
 Greek 
 Ger man 
 
 vi brate 
 ex pand 
 con tract 
 con dense 
 re volve 
 
 gran u lar 
 tan gi ble 
 te nu i ty 
 te na ci ty 
 ve lo ci ty Y 
 
 Wards Used in Natural 
 Philosophy, 
 
 re fleet 
 re tard 
 ab sorb 
 as cend 
 ad here 
 in ten si ty 
 ra di a tion 
 ca lor ic 
 in verse ly 
 in er ti a 
 
 ^Ua Studies. 
 
 po ros i ty 
 mag net ic 
 pul ver ize 
 re frac tion 
 ex pan sion 
 mo men turn 
 pen e tra ble 
 e qui lib ri um 
 im pen e tra ble 
 in com pres si ble 
 
 gram mar 
 bot a ny 
 al ge bra 
 e con o my 
 Ian guage 
 French 
 chem S& try 
 
 hy gi ene 
 ge om e try 
 ge og ra phy 
 a rith me tic 
 book-keep ing 
 phys i ol o gy 
 Lat in 
 
52 
 
 GAGE'S PKACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 m 
 
 
 i> 
 
 
 *: i 
 
 114. Review, 
 
 Mathematics treats of quantities or magnitudes Its 
 parts are arithmetic; geometry^ including trigonometh and 
 conic sections ; and analysis, including algebra, analgticd ge- 
 ometry, and calculus. Some arithmetical terms are, add, sub- 
 tract, more, less, multiply, divide, increase, decrease, figures, 
 numeration, notation, Roman, Arabic, sum, amount, product, 
 quotient, remainder, difference, compute, plus, minus, sub. 
 trahend, minuend, fraction, integer, decimal, aliquot, interest, 
 principal, payment, equality, multiple, reduction, whole, mixed, 
 prime, naught, insurance, proportion, percentage, problem, 
 question, example, answer, numerator, denominator, root, 
 cube, etc. 
 
 115. Review, 
 
 Geography treats of the world, its races of men, otlier 
 animals, products, etc. Earth is our planet, globe, world, 
 etc. Parts of land are called continent, island, isthmus, pen- 
 insula, cape, promontory, steppe, mountain, volcano, desert, 
 oasis, plain, shore, prairie, etc. The water is divided into 
 oceans, seas, lakes, gulfs or bays, straits, etc. The races of 
 men are the Caucasian, Mongolian, African, and Malayan. 
 Other words used are, city, country, town, state, province, 
 district, archipelago, abyss, ravine, morass, typhoon, monsoon, 
 Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic, Northern, Southern, lagoon, plateau, 
 estuary, temperate, physical, parterre, avalanche, torrid, frigid, 
 tropic, equator, horizon, boundary, etc. 
 
 116L Review. 
 
 Natubal Philosophy treats of material objects. The 
 centrifugal and centripetal forces are called central forces. 
 
 i 
 
FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 08 
 
 
 Attraction tends to the cohesion of bodies. It is magnetic, 
 capillary, cohesive, etc. Velocity means rate of motion. 
 Matter may be ductile, frangible, or brittle, dense, granular, 
 tangible, elastic, ponderous, penetrable, impermeable, incom- 
 pressible, etc. 
 
 117. Review, 
 
 History is an orderly record of the chief events which 
 concern a people. It is known as ancient, modern, sacred, 
 profane, general, complete, brief, abridged, etc. Histori- 
 cal stories, essays, anecdotes, annals, and narratives, should 
 be authentic. Historic periods are ages, decades, epochs, 
 centuries, etc. History describes leaders, rulers, ministers, 
 nations, governments, states, customs, manners, seditions, 
 rebellions, revolutions, adventures, etc. 
 
 118. Names of Men. 
 
 Aa ron 
 Abel 
 A bi jah 
 Ab ner 
 A bra ham 
 Ad am 
 A dol phus 
 Albert 
 Al ex an der 
 Al fred^ 
 AI ger non 
 A Ion zo 
 Al vin 
 
 Am brose 
 A mos 
 An drew 
 An tho ny 
 Ar chi bald 
 Ar nold 
 Ar thur . 
 A sa 
 
 Au gus tus 
 Bald win 
 Basil 
 Ben e diet 
 Ben ja min 
 
 Ber nard 
 Ber tram 
 Caleb 
 Cal vin - 
 Cecil 
 Ce phas 
 Charles 
 Chris to pher. 
 Clar ^nce 
 Claude 
 Clem ent 
 Cor ne li us 
 Cuthbert ^ 
 
'f" 
 
 STBgWffi 
 
 UNI 
 
 54 
 
 QAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 
 
 
 ' Cyr U 
 
 Fred er ic 
 
 Job 
 
 
 Cy rufiL 
 
 George. 
 
 John 
 
 
 /i] 
 
 Dan i el 
 
 Gid e on 
 
 Jo nas 
 
 
 
 Da vid 
 
 Gil bertu 
 
 Jon a than 
 
 
 
 Don aid 
 
 God frey 
 
 Jo seph. 
 
 
 
 Di ny si us 
 
 Greg o ry 
 
 V Josh u a 
 
 
 
 Dun can 
 
 Gus ta vus 
 
 Jo si ah 
 
 
 f ■ 
 
 Eb en e zer 
 
 Guy 
 
 Ju li us 
 
 
 
 Edgar 
 
 Har old 
 
 Jus tin 
 
 ^■l 
 
 
 ,Ed mund 
 
 Hen rx 
 
 Lam bert 
 
 
 
 Ed ward. 
 
 Her berfc. 
 
 T<aw rence 
 
 
 
 Ed win 
 
 Her man 
 
 Lem u el 
 
 
 
 Egbert 
 
 Hez e ki ah 
 
 Leon ard j 
 
 
 10§ 
 
 EU 
 
 Hi ram 
 
 Le vi i 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 Eli as 
 
 Hor ace 
 
 Lew is 
 
 ■i 
 
 
 EHjah 
 
 Ho ra tio 
 
 Li nel 
 
 ■It 
 
 
 E nocb 
 
 Hu bert 
 
 Lo ren zo 
 
 & 
 
 1' : 
 'l! 
 
 E phra im 
 
 Hugh 
 
 Lu cius 
 
 n 
 
 i'-^ 
 
 E ras tus 
 
 Hum phrey 
 
 Luke 
 
 \ 
 
 
 Er nest 
 
 Hugo 
 
 Lu ther 
 
 
 
 Eu gene 
 
 I ra 
 
 Mark 
 
 
 Eus tace 
 
 I saac 
 
 Mar ma* duke 
 
 I- ' 
 
 E ze ki el 
 
 Ja bez 
 
 Mat thew ., 
 
 1 '' 
 
 Ezra 
 
 Ja cob« 
 
 Mau.rice 
 
 1 
 
 Felix 
 
 James ^ 
 
 Mar tin 
 
 1 ^ 1 . 
 
 XFer di nand 
 
 Jas per 
 
 Mi chael 
 
 t 
 
 
 Fran cis 
 
 Je rome 
 
 Miles 
 
 % 
 
 ■ 1 ■ 
 
 j 
 
 i 
 
 11 
 
 Frank liu 
 
 Jes s«. 
 
 Mor gan. . ^ 
 
 '^ 1 
 
FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 55 
 
 :e 
 
 Mo ses 
 Na than 
 Na than i el 
 Nich o las 
 Nor man 
 Oc ta vi us 
 Oli ver 
 Or Ian do 
 Os car 
 Pat rick 
 Paul 
 Peleg 
 Peter, 
 Philip 
 Phin e as 
 Balph 
 
 Raph a el 
 Ray mond 
 Be gi nald 
 Reu ben 
 Rich ard 
 Rob ert 
 Rod er ic 
 Ro ger 
 Ro land 
 Ru fus 
 Ru pert 
 Sam son 
 Sam u el 
 Saul 
 Seth 
 Si las 
 
 Sil va nus 
 Sil ves ter 
 Sim e on 
 Si moa 
 Sol mon 
 Ste phen. 
 Syd ney 
 Thad de us 
 The o dore 
 The oph i lus 
 Thom as- 
 Tim o thy 
 Ur ban 
 Vin cent 
 Wal ter. 
 Zach a ri ah 
 
 119. Names of Women. 
 
 1/ 
 
 Ab i gail 
 A da. 
 Ad e line 
 Ad e la 
 A de li a 
 Ag a tha 
 Ag nes 
 Al ber ta 
 Al ex an dra 
 Aliee^ 
 
 Al mi ra 
 A man da. 
 A me li a 
 Amy 
 Am a bel 
 An ge li na 
 Ann 
 An na 
 An nie- 
 Ar a b^l la 
 
 Au gus ta 
 Bar ba ra. 
 Be a trice* 
 Be lin da - 
 Ber tha.. 
 Bet sey— 
 Blanche 
 Brid get 
 Car o line- 
 Oath a rine 
 

 
 66 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 Ce li a 
 Char i ty 
 Char lotte. 
 Chris ti na. 
 Ci ce ly 
 Clar a 
 Clar is sa 
 Clem en ti na 
 Con stance 
 Co KL 
 Cor de li a 
 Cor ne li a 
 Cyn thi a 
 Deb rah 
 De li a 
 •Do ra 
 Dor cas 
 Dor thy- 
 Dru sil la_ 
 Edith- 
 El e a nor 
 El 1 nor 
 E li za 
 E liz a beth 
 Ella. 
 El len. 
 Elvira 
 Em ma. 
 
 Em i ly. 
 Em me line 
 Es ther 
 Eu ge ni e 
 Eu nice 
 Eu phe mi a 
 Eva- 
 
 E van ^;*e line 
 Ev e ime 
 Faith 
 Fan nie 
 Flora 
 Fran cea 
 Fred e ri ca 
 Ger al dine 
 Ger trude 
 Grace 
 Han nah 
 Har ri et 
 Hel en 
 Hen ri et ta» 
 Hes ter 
 Hope 
 Ida 
 I nez 
 I rene 
 Is a bel la 
 Jane - 
 
 Ja net 
 Jo se phine 
 Ju dith 
 Jii li a 
 Lau ra. 
 La vin i a 
 Le no P 
 Le ti ti a 
 Lil i an 
 Lilly 
 Lo rin da 
 Lou i sa 
 Lu cin da 
 Lu ere ti a 
 Lucy 
 Lyd i a 
 Ma bel 
 Mad e line 
 Mar ga ret 
 Ma ri a 
 Mar i on 
 Ma ry 
 Mar tha 
 Ma til da 
 Maud 
 Mel i cent 
 Me Us sa 
 Mer cy 
 
 ) 1 «. 
 

 FAMILIAR WORDS. 
 
 Mil dred 
 
 Phe be 
 
 Sarah 
 
 Min nie 
 
 Polly 
 
 So phi a 
 
 Mi ran da 
 
 Pris oil la 
 
 Stella 
 
 Nan cy« 
 
 Pru dence 
 
 Sa san 
 
 No ra 
 
 Rachel 
 
 Vic to ri a 
 
 01 ive. 
 
 Re bee ca 
 
 Vi la. 
 
 phe li a 
 
 Rhoda 
 
 Vir gin i a 
 
 Pa tience 
 
 Ruth 
 
 Viv i an 
 
 Pau line 
 
 Sally 
 
 Win i fred 
 
 8f 
 
 120. Words Denoting Deity. 
 
 God 
 Lord 
 Deity 
 Al might y 
 Je ho vah 
 
 Alwayi tMgln with » CaplUl I>ett«r, 
 
 The Fa ther 
 The Ma ker 
 The Rul er 
 The Ore a tor 
 
 The In fi nite 
 The E ter nal 
 Om nip tent 
 Om ni pres ent 
 
 The Pre serv er Su preme Be ing 
 
 -f 121. Kinds of Birds. 
 
 vul tu'-e 
 
 pea cock 
 
 mag pie 
 
 con dor 
 
 pi geon 
 
 al ba tross 
 
 OS trich 
 
 pheas ant 
 
 cor mo rant 
 
 e mu 
 
 wood cock 
 
 par quet 
 
 buz zard - 
 
 swal low 
 
 fla min go 
 
 par rot 
 
 hen hawk 
 
 ri ole 
 
 pet rel 
 
 spoon bill 
 
 cana ry 
 
/ 
 
 M 
 
 daf fo dil 
 mar i gold 
 hy a cinth 
 col um bine 
 he li trope 
 sun flow er 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLBR. 
 
 122. Names of Flowers. 
 
 ca mel lia 
 pe tu nia 
 ver be na 
 nas tur tium 
 car na tion 
 dan de li on 
 
 cac tus 
 dah li a 
 f uch si a 
 ge ra ni um 
 mign o nette 
 gil ly flow er 
 
 123. Daily Retail Market Report, 
 
 Celery, IP doz. 50® 75 
 Radishes, do. 20@25 
 Artichokes, do. 50 @ 1.00 
 Horseradish, do. 10@15 
 Mushrooms, do. 25 @ 35 
 Melons, each 48 @ 50 
 Peppers, do. 25@35 
 Garlic, do. 5 @ 8 
 
 Eschalots, do. 20@25 
 
 124. Possessives. 
 
 Butter 
 
 50® 60 
 
 Honey 
 
 20® 25 
 
 Eggs, hens' 
 
 30® 40 
 
 do. ducks' 
 
 35® 45 
 
 Lard, "f lb 
 
 18® 20 
 
 Bacon 
 
 18® 25 
 
 Onions, V lb 
 
 1}® 2 
 
 Caulifl'rs, each 
 
 10®15 
 
 Cabbages, do. 
 
 12® 20 
 
 goodness' sake ladies' school 
 
 righteousness' sake girls' class-room 
 
 conscience' sake boys' wardrobe 
 
 Moses* law miners' strike 
 
 Jesus' feet joiners' tools 
 
 Xerx*»' army Farmers' Bank 
 
 Mechanics' Institute 
 misses' shoes 
 men's ideas 
 women's rights 
 children's clothing 
 brethren's meetings 
 
 /- 
 
FAMILUR WORDS. 
 
 M 
 
 iO 
 
 18 
 
 125l Abbreviations, 
 
 ' • I 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 .5 
 
 A Gen. from Eng., a Col. from Jfr., a Maj. from N. S., a 
 Capt. from N. B., and a Lieut, from Man., visited Rt. Hon. 
 Sir John Macdouald in Can. 
 
 Rev. Sam. Jackson, D. D., and Gov. Robinson, accom- 
 panied James Jones, Ji n., Esq., M. P., to N. Y. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Smith, with their sons, Jno. and Jas., went 
 to consult James E. Graham, M. D., in Tor., on the 12th of 
 Feb. 
 
 Messrs. Brown & Co. sent 74 doz. eggs, 3 hhd. of sugar, 
 12 bbl. of apples, 6 cwt. 3 lb. 4 oz. of salt, on the 10th inst., 
 by G. T. R., to Belleville. 
 
 Students may receive the degree of B. A., M. A., LL. B., 
 LL. D., or C. E., at Univ. Coll. 
 
 Pres. Gage and Prof. Eorls addressed St. James's S. S., 
 on the 15th uit. 
 
 Ite 
 
I 
 
 
 lilf ' 
 
 ii 
 
 it 
 
 PART n. 
 
 • •• 
 
 Woids liable to be misspelled because the same soundi 
 in them are spelled in different ways. 
 
 am, ane, em, eign, aago. 
 
 drain 
 
 plain 
 
 chain 
 
 swam 
 
 gam 
 
 mam 
 
 ab stain 
 
 sprain 
 
 strain 
 
 crane 
 
 ap per tain 
 
 sus tain 
 
 pro fane 
 
 bane 
 
 in sane 
 
 skein 
 
 hu mane 
 
 wane 
 
 deign 
 
 ar raign 
 
 cam paign 
 
 
 anse, aws, anze. 
 
 
 cause 
 
 pause 
 
 with draws 
 
 be cause 
 
 ap plause 
 
 straws 
 
 laws 
 
 draws 
 
 gnaws 
 
 flaws 
 
 squaws 
 
 gauze 
 
 , V I 
 
SIMILAR SOUNDS. 
 
 61 
 
 adf 
 
 bald 
 
 called 
 
 squalled 
 
 in stall 
 bawl 
 sprawl 
 niaui 
 
 fraud 
 broad 
 sawed 
 
 bray 
 fray 
 af fray 
 de lay 
 be tray 
 con vey 
 o bey 
 
 aid, auled, ailed, awled. 
 
 scald 
 
 mauled 
 
 sprawled 
 
 4. 
 
 all, awl, ani. 
 
 fore stall 
 drawl 
 brawl 
 haul 
 
 5. 
 
 and, oad, awed. 
 
 de fraud 
 a broad 
 gnawed 
 
 6. 
 
 ay, ey, eigh. 
 
 al lay 
 de fray 
 dis play 
 they 
 pur vey 
 dis o bey 
 weigh 
 
 stalled 
 
 crawled 
 
 drawled 
 
 gall 
 wall 
 crawl 
 yawl 
 
 ap plaud 
 
 pawed 
 
 laud 
 
 flay 
 a stray 
 dis may 
 re pay 
 ar ray 
 sur vey 
 in veigb V 
 
62 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 
 7. 
 
 
 
 eak, ake. 
 
 
 break 
 
 steak 
 
 make 
 
 brake 
 
 stake 
 
 flake 
 
 shake 
 
 drake 
 
 snake 
 
 a wake 
 
 spake 
 
 for saKe 
 
 par take 
 
 mis take 
 
 un der take 
 
 
 8. 
 
 _ 
 
 
 eak, eek, iek, iqne. 
 
 
 beak 
 
 bleak 
 
 creak 
 
 freak 
 
 squeak 
 
 sneak 
 
 wreak 
 
 streak 
 
 be spea!? 
 
 peak 
 
 creek 
 
 meek 
 
 shriek 
 
 seek 
 
 sleek 
 
 an tique 
 
 pique 
 
 u nique 
 
 clique 
 
 ob lique 
 
 cri tique 
 
 dean 
 lean 
 
 be tween 
 un seen 
 con vene 
 rou tine 
 
 9. 
 
 ean, een, ene, in, ine. 
 
 wean clean 
 
 green un clean 
 
 spleen fore seen 
 
 ca reen ^ob scene 
 
 se reiie ma rine 
 
 ra vine man da rin 
 
 10. 
 
 ear, eer, ere, ler. 
 
 sear 
 year 
 
 smear 
 be smear 
 
 spear 
 tear 
 
SIMILAR SOUNDS. 
 
 63 
 
 ap pear 
 ar rear 
 leer 
 sneer 
 
 dom i neer 
 pi o neer 
 se vere 
 in ter fere 
 cav a lier 
 
 Meat 
 
 seat 
 de feat 
 re plete 
 fleet 
 street 
 con ceit 
 
 dis ap pear 
 
 jeer 
 
 cheer 
 
 ca reer 
 
 mu ti neer 
 ad here 
 a us tere 
 per se vere 
 fron tier 
 
 de cease 
 re lease 
 fleece 
 geese 
 
 a chieve 
 be lieve 
 
 en dear 
 
 gear 
 
 queer 
 
 ve neer 
 -^az et teer 
 CO here 
 gren a dier 
 chan de lier 
 gon do lier \J 
 
 ease, 
 
 11. 
 
 eat, eet, ete, eit, eipt 
 
 heat 
 
 en treat 
 
 re peat 
 ytJon Crete 
 
 greet 
 
 dis creet 
 
 de ceit 
 
 12. 
 
 eece, eese, iece, ice, ise. 
 
 ^^^s® cease 
 
 de crease in crease 
 
 va Use a piece 
 
 po lice ca price 
 
 13. 
 
 peat 
 
 treat 
 re treat 
 com plete 
 se Crete 
 ob so lete 
 re ceipt 
 
 le, ei. 
 
 grief 
 weird 
 
 re lieve 
 re prieve 
 
>^ 
 
 ' 
 
 
 i i i 
 
 64 
 
 OAGK'S PRACrriCAL SPELLER. 
 
 brief 
 
 lei sure 
 
 re trieve 
 
 chief 
 
 lief 
 
 shield 
 
 con ceit 
 
 liege 
 
 nei thei 
 
 con ceivo 
 
 niece 
 
 be siege 
 
 ei ther 
 
 per ceive 
 
 shriek 
 
 liege 
 
 piece 
 
 siege 
 
 de ceit 
 
 pierce 
 
 thiei 
 
 de ceive 
 
 seiz ure 
 
 tier 
 
 field 
 
 shield 
 
 wield 
 
 fiend 
 
 priest 
 
 yield 
 
 fierce 
 
 re ceive 
 
 14 
 
 oas, one, own. 
 
 in vei gle 
 
 roan 
 
 moan 
 
 loan 
 
 hone 
 
 drone 
 
 prone 
 
 en throne 
 
 de throne 
 
 post pone 
 
 own 
 
 sown 
 
 shown 
 
 known 
 
 thrown 
 13. 
 
 flown 
 
 
 ue, en, ien, ui, ew, 
 
 iew. 
 
 1 
 
 clue 
 
 few 
 
 sue 
 
 cue 
 
 is sue 
 
 tis sue 
 
 val ue 
 
 en sue 
 
 sub due 
 
 im bue 
 
 en due 
 
 argue 
 
 res cue 
 
 pur sue 
 
 res i due 
 
 rev e nue 
 
 un due 
 
 rue f ul 
 
 neu ter 
 
 ret i nue 
 
 eulogy 
 
SIMILAR SOUNDS. 
 
 65 
 
 lieu 
 
 con tin ue 
 
 a dieu 
 
 view 
 
 pur lieu 
 
 pew ter 
 
 beau ty 
 
 re view 
 
 bar be cue 
 
 jui cy 
 
 ^tnii sance 
 
 be dew 
 
 screw 
 
 rue 
 
 con strue 
 
 threw 
 
 true 
 
 ac crue 
 
 Note. — Long » and its substitutes following the letter r 
 sound like oo in cool ; in all other cases they sound like yu 
 or the word you. 
 
 16. 
 
 Words ending in cy, sy, and ZJ, 
 
 icy 
 
 leg a cy 
 in fan cy 
 pi quan cy 
 Hu en cy 
 po ten cy 
 ex eel len cy 
 as cen den cy 
 con fed er a cy 
 tip sy 
 Aim sy 
 ea sy 
 
 ep 1 lep sy 
 lep ro sy 
 Hty poc ri sy 
 ha zy 
 era zy 
 diz zy 
 
 fan cy 
 lu na cy 
 pri va cy 
 bril lian cy 
 de cen cy 
 id i cy 
 di plo ma cy 
 buoy an cy 
 ar is too ra cy 
 grea sy 
 palsy 
 gloss y 
 drow sy 
 pro sy 
 ro sy 
 brass y 
 jeal ous y 
 a pos ta sy 
 
 flee cy 
 fal la cy 
 pa pa cy 
 va can cy 
 clem en cy 
 sol ven cy 
 cur ren cy 
 com pe ten cy 
 per sist en cy 
 po e sy 
 mass y 
 posy 
 drop sy 
 em bas sy 
 breez y 
 maz y 
 ooz y 
 furz y 
 
•■mm 
 
 )c^n 
 
 66 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 sense 
 
 tense 
 
 em i nence 
 
 in tel li gence 
 
 res i dence 
 
 ex eel lence 
 
 mag nif i cence neg li gence 
 
 con dense 
 
 dis pense 
 
 17. 
 
 ence, ense, ents.* 
 
 hence 
 
 com mence 
 
 dif fi dence 
 
 el o quence 
 
 pref er ence 
 
 pen i tence 
 
 whence 
 dif fer ence 
 in di gence 
 in no cence 
 ref er ence 
 ve he mence 
 mu nif i cence 
 
 li cense 
 rec om pense 
 set tie ments 
 gov em ments 
 
 om nip tence be nef i cence 
 
 im mense sus pense 
 
 non sense in cense 
 
 re lents frank in cense 
 
 re pents for ments 
 
 la ments pre vents 
 
 es tab lish ments. ex per i ments in stru ments 
 
 la 
 
 IVords ^ndirij in eOUS and ioUSi 
 
 pit e ous hid e ous 
 
 du te ous -* vit re ous 
 
 plen te ous a que ous 
 
 OS se ous ^ boun te ous 
 
 -*sim ul ta ne ous ex tra ne ous 
 
 lig ne ous 
 beau te ous 
 cu ta ne ous 
 '^ spon ta ne ous 
 
 ho mo ge ne ous 
 
 het e ro ge ne ous in stan ta ne ous cu ri ous 
 
 o di ous ^ 
 >fstu di ous 
 va ri ous 
 f u ri ous 
 in ju ri ous 
 
 du bi ous -^ 
 ob vi ous 
 C O pi ous 
 glo ri ous 
 spu ri ous 
 
 * X should be sound^cl- 
 
 en VI ous 
 im pi ous 
 ca ri ous 
 se ri ous 
 pe nu ri ous «- 
 
jc^^y 
 
 SIMILAR SOUNDS, 
 
 67 
 
 1111 pe ri ous 
 fe lo ni ous 
 ac ri rao ni ous 
 
 de lir i ous 
 
 ab ste mi ous "— • 
 
 cer e mo ni ous 
 
 la bo ri ous 
 ne fa ri ous*" 
 
 ig no mm i ous 
 
 par si mo ni ous-'^sane ti mo ni ous del e te ri ous 
 
 19. 
 
 Words ending in able and iblc. 
 
 / 
 
 laud a ble 
 
 cur a ble 
 
 du ra ble 
 
 ten a ble 
 
 prob a ble 
 
 ca pa ble 
 
 af fa ble 
 
 pal pa ble 
 
 sen si ble 
 
 ^jlam a ble 
 
 port a ble 
 
 li a ble 
 
 teaiih a ble. 
 
 suit a ble 
 
 laugh a ble 
 
 ^lea^e a ble 
 
 sal a ble 
 
 tax a ble 
 
 diaiiLfe a blti— , 
 
 ser vice a ble 
 
 no tice a ble 
 
 -fajJiJile 
 
 tan gi ble 
 
 ed i ble 
 
 , pos si ble 
 
 viri i ble 
 
 — fu si ble 
 
 le gi ble 
 
 flv3x i ble 
 
 ■ fea si ble 
 
 for ci ble 
 
 ter ri ble 
 
 com press i ble 
 
 hor ri ble — ^or lupt i ble 
 
 ir re sist i ble 
 
 com bus ti ble 
 
 ill di ges ti ble 
 
 ill del i l)le 
 
 i ras ci ble 
 
 cul pa iL>le 
 20. 
 
 el i gi ble 
 
 Words eudincj in efy and ify. 
 
 stu PC fv rar e fy ^ li que fy 
 
 ed i fy pu tre fy dig ni fy 
 
 sig ni fy de i fy ver i fy 
 
 glo ri fy vit ri fy ter ri fy 
 
 fals i fy clar i fy beau ti fy 
 
 sane ti fy cer ti fv fruc ti fy 
 
m^ 
 
 68 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 am pli fy jus ti fy pet ri fy 
 
 dis qual i fy in dem ni fy per son i fy 
 
 2L 
 
 Words ending in cty and ity^ 
 
 ni ce ty 
 
 pie ty 
 
 so ci e ty 
 
 so bri e ty 
 
 prob i ty 
 
 anx i e ty 
 
 pro pri e ty 
 
 de i ty 
 
 im pro pri e ty 
 
 no to ri e ty 
 
 qiian ti ty 
 
 brev i ty 
 
 qual i ty 
 
 en mi ty 
 
 gray i ty 
 
 suav i ty 
 
 sane ti ty 
 
 gra tu i ty 
 
 an nu i ty 
 
 hu mil i ty 
 
 dex ter i ty 
 
 ur ban i ty 
 
 ma lig ni ty 
 
 stu pid i ty 
 
 a vid i ty 
 
 prod i gal i ty 
 
 com mod i ty 
 
 neu tral i ty 
 
 prob a bil i ty 
 
 mal le a bil i ty 
 
 tran quil li ty 
 
 fer til i ty 
 
 A 
 
 —in ere du li ty * 
 t Words. 
 
 V 
 
 Reviews of Difficul 
 
 • 
 
 1. 
 
 ■ 
 
 jeer 
 
 va Use 
 
 ca price 1 
 
 skein 
 
 ex hale 
 
 bias pheme 1 
 
 weigh 
 
 in veigh 
 
 cam paign 
 
 shriek 
 
 re ceipt 
 
 pal i sade 
 
 kneel 
 
 con ceit 
 
 sei^Qjaa^Q 
 
 pique 
 
 fron tier 
 
 chan de Her 
 
 e rase 
 
 cri tique 
 
 su per sede 
 
 se cede 
 
 rou tine 
 
 gaz et teer * 
 
 u nique 
 
 ob scene 
 
 mas quer ade 
 
 ob lique 
 
 con ceal 
 
 gren a dier 
 
SIMILAR SOUNDS. 
 
 69 
 
 2. 
 
 ^ 
 
 seize 
 
 grieve 
 
 re ceive 
 
 weird 
 
 sor tie 
 
 re prieve 
 
 pyre 
 
 a piece 
 
 per ceive 
 
 lurch 
 
 -sur feit 
 
 a chieve 
 
 liege 
 
 for feit 
 
 sur plica 
 
 ■wield 
 
 lei sure 
 
 mor tise 
 
 fierce 
 
 —be siege 
 
 seiz ure 
 
 shield 
 
 re lieve 
 3. 
 
 ben e fit v/ 
 
 do cile 
 
 gen e sis 
 
 proph e sies 
 
 ser vile 
 
 def i nite 
 
 chrys a lis 
 
 vac cine 
 
 ret i nue 
 
 den ti frice 
 
 chas tise 
 
 civ il ize 
 dis ci pline 
 
 — 'o l)ei sance 
 
 pur lieu 
 
 sac ri fice 
 
 nui sance 
 
 crit i cise 
 
 tyr an nize 
 
 san guine 
 
 par a lyze 
 
 mag net ize 
 
 mar line 
 
 pre ju dice 
 4; 
 
 crys tal lize 
 
 bruise 
 
 de vi ous 
 
 scan da lous 
 
 a dieu 
 
 stim u lus 
 
 ve he mence 
 
 gua no 
 
 symp torn 
 
 neg li gence 
 
 im brue 
 
 pre vi ous 
 
 el quence 
 
 li cense 
 
 pen •■ *eiice 
 
 am big u ous 
 
 id i cm 
 
 vig i ifcince 
 
 il lus tri ous 
 
 nau ti lus 
 
 rec om pense 
 8. 
 
 pre ca ri ous 
 
 trea cle 
 
 blam a ble 
 
 tech ni cai 
 
 captious 
 
 teach a blc 
 
 bril Uan cy 
 
70 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 fea si ble 
 
 de cen cy 
 
 i ras ci ble 
 
 tax a ble 
 
 peace a ble 
 
 in del i ble 
 
 sal a ble 
 
 buoy an cy 
 
 el i gi ble 
 
 i ci cle 
 
 priv i lege 
 
 change a ble 
 
 cyn i cai 
 
 ^i quan cy 
 
 ser vice a ble 
 
 chem i cal 
 
 -»-poig nan cy 
 
 sym met ri cai 
 
 schism 
 
 6. 
 
 triv i al 
 
 filial 
 
 gnome 
 
 cai tiff 
 
 de sign 
 
 cir cuit 
 
 pan nier 
 
 pe cu li ar 
 
 pur suit 
 
 ^rai ment 
 
 com plex ion 
 
 val iant 
 
 *^chic ture 
 
 pe cu ni a ry 
 
 pur loin 
 
 debt or 
 
 crys tal line 
 
 ha rangue 
 
 dis cruise ^ 
 
 /- lab y rintli 
 
 hyp crite 
 
 ma lign 
 7. 
 
 ^uarjuiJ[ee 
 
 spe cial 
 
 in i tial 
 
 per sua sion 
 
 nup tial 
 
 sa ti ate 
 
 de lir i ous 
 
 can tious 
 
 vi ti ate 
 
 ne go ti ate 
 
 con scious 
 
 stu di ous 
 
 far i na ceous 
 
 rem e dy 
 
 scar ci ty 
 
 ab ste mi ous 
 
 tra ge dy 
 
 vil la ny 
 
 liy poc ri sy 
 
 tyr an ny 
 
 jeal ous y 
 
 lieu ten an cy 
 
 pit e ous 
 
 het er o ge ne ous 
 
 min strel sy 
 
 i ■ r 
 
 ■ i;;:. 
 
 i 
 
 S: 
 
PART III, 
 
 -r♦-•- 
 
 Words pronounced alike, or nearly alike, but spelled 
 differently, with different meanings. 
 
 Note. — It is thought best not to give lists of these words 
 with their meanings, as pupils may get them in their diction- 
 aries, if the connection in which the words are used does not 
 enable the pupils to decide their meaning. 
 
 For review purposes, or to save time, teachers may I'ead 
 the sentences, emphasizing the words in italics, and the pupils 
 may write these words only. The order in which they are 
 written will enable the teacher lo test their accuracy. 
 
 Lesson I, 
 
 The air will be cold ere morning. Did you e \r see the 
 heir to the estate ? What can ail tiie man ? He has drunk 
 too much ale. All shoes are sewed with an aid. Tlu^y are 
 going to alter the altar of the church. My aunt ale an ant 
 at eight o'clock. Yon never omjhl to do awjht without your 
 father's assent. The ascent was steep. The teacher bade me 
 beware of bad men. The man bawled when the ball struck 
 
 s^ 
 
GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 him on liis bald head. A bard is a poet. Tlie gay belle, 
 having rung the bell for a light, barred the door and retired. 
 He could not bear to have the bear bite his bare leg. 
 As the bier passed she thought of the past and wrung her 
 hands with angviish. I have been to the corn bin. He brews 
 good beer. 1 have a 6r«2*(9 on my hani. The girl asked 
 her beau to buy her a pink bow. As he wont by he said, 
 " Good by." 
 
 Lesson II. 
 
 ^ The bough of the tree made the man how. His birth took 
 place in a berth of the vessel, A wi^M-bred young man held 
 the horse's bridle while the bridal party got a loaf of bread 
 and a ^Oi-^/ of milk. The beech-ixae near the ocean beach has 
 a large io/(9. A Briton is a ntiii\Q oi Britain. What a large 
 berry.' Burg the poor brute, and do not bruit about his 
 faults. The wind blew the clouds across the blue sky. Put 
 the bait on the hook. Do you know your lesson ? To bate 
 means to lessen. Look at the calendar, and see the date. 
 Calender the cloth. A chaste woman was chased by a cruel 
 man, and dropped a ball of crewel. Cats climb with their 
 claws. Read the first c/^'Mse of the sentence. The ships 
 and their crews are in a foreign clime on a cruise. The par- 
 cel, tied with a coarse cord, floated on the tide. Of course you 
 will take the classical course. Sound a chord on the organ. 
 
 i i 
 
 Lesson III. 
 
 i lis 
 IS- 
 
 I shall canvass the country for subscribers. The counsel 
 for the accused appeared before the council, which met in 
 a canvas tent. The cotonel served in the Sixth Corps. The 
 apple was found to be rotten at the core. The fine city of 
 
SIMILAR SOUNDS. 
 
 73 
 
 Washington is the capital of the U. S., and its finest biiihl- 
 ing is the Capitol. Canon Kingsley fired a cannon. The 
 cession of Alaska to tlie U. S. was made during the session 
 of Congress. Tlie choleric n>an wore a paper collar. Don't 
 try to cozen me, my cousin. Wliile I was scaling my letter, 
 a spider dropped from the ceiling of the room. The seller of 
 tickets is in the cellar. He sent me the cent he otced me for 
 the ode I wrote. The scent of the flower is sweet. It is a 
 good site for a house, and commands a fine sight of the ocean. 
 I will cite a passage of Scripture. I want a quire of paper 
 for the choir. My shoes creak. The ci/gnet is swimuiiug in 
 the creek. Have you my signet ring ? 
 
 Lesson IV» 
 
 The coward cowered before me. A lady should not choose 
 a man who chews tobacco. He bought a currant pie for ten 
 cents current money. If you desert your friends at dinner, 
 you will get no dessert. My dear, did you sec the deer in the 
 park? It was a doe. Bakers knead the dough with their 
 hands; we need bread to eat; He had done his work and 
 was ready to die. Dge the cloth a dun color. Oh ! how I 
 dislike to dun people for money they owe me, even after it is 
 due ! Dost thou not see that the dust is wet with dew ? A 
 dire calamity befell the dyer on the sea. Do you see the ewe 
 under the yew-ix^t ? Take exercise every day, to exorcise the 
 spirit of laziness. The vase is shaped like an urn. I will 
 hire a man who can earn higher wages. Do not faint away ; 
 the attack was only a feint. Home is a sacred fane, which I 
 yfQ\x\difain keep pure. 'Never feign sickness because you do 
 not know your lesson. Dare to say, No. 
 
u 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 Lesson F. 
 
 T\\Q fair lady has paid her /are. Wc had good fare at the 
 fair. The horse is hvine in the xi'^\\t fore foot. The gymnast 
 performed a wonderful feat. The stick is four feci long 
 The man went forth to kill n fowl. That was font play, lie 
 succeeded the fourth time The barrel oi four rolled over a 
 flower. Flocks of birds ate the phlox seed. Jane bought ten 
 yards of blue jean. She walked with an easy gait through 
 the gate, as if unconscious of guilt. The boy threw a stone. 
 The gilder made a gilt frame worth a guilder for the pretty 
 »/«/</. The great man sat by the open grate, and sighed that 
 he was not greater. Ilis dog is by his 5J(/(?. Have you a 
 nutmeg grater? I would rather meet a grizzly bear tlian a 
 ^m/y ghost. It is meet that we should eat meat. He will 
 mete out justice. 
 
 Lesson VI, 
 
 
 The bat few up the chimney fue. The ox ^ori?fl? the cow. 
 I struck him with a gourd. The grease was sent to Greece. 
 M^j guest guessed the riddle. Bad men gamble with cards; 
 lambs gambol in the field. The hale old man was out in the 
 hail. Haul the load to the hall. The hare is a kind of rab- 
 bit. The carpenter made a rabbet in the board. I was bored 
 by the foolish talk. The hair of the holy man is «?//o% white. 
 I showed //m the ^y/;m. He bought ten feet of gutta-percha 
 hose. I bought two steel hoes. The jury will indict the man 
 for theft. The teacher will indite this sentence. He laid our 
 book on the table. He has lain in the lane an hour. I came 
 here to hear the lecture ' I / 
 
 *^Ji7?Thmi. ^ 
 
SIMILAR SOUNDS. 
 
 75 
 
 Lesson VII, 
 
 A man of lax principles lach character. You can tell a 
 mean man by his sneaking mien. A male friend brought my 
 mail from the office. Lumbering is the main business in 
 Maine. He held the horse's mane with all his viight. A 
 widow's mite may have a mujUli/ influence. The lord of the 
 manor has a dignified manner, lie wears a fur mantle. The 
 parlor mantel is made of marble. Do you like martial music ? 
 The marshal rode a horse of high vieltle along the road, and 
 wore a metal badge. Do not meddle with my gold medal. 
 The motcer mowed the field once more in the best mode. The 
 mucous membrane secretes mucus. Gneiss makes a very nice 
 window-sill. Do not mewl like a baby; the mule will not 
 hurt you. The mist was so dense that I missed sight. The 
 nun could find 7ione. The man carried silver ore o*er the 
 bridge on the oar of the boat. The girl who carried the pail 
 looked pale. 
 
 Lesson VIII. 
 
 One boy ?con a prize. He never pries into other peo[)k'.'3 
 business. He sufl'ers pain. Who broke that pane of glass ? 
 It is plain that the plane is dull. In geometry we speak of 
 planes; in geography, of plains. There is a wide plait in 
 her dress, 'i'he plate is on the table. The Christian p>'a^s 
 to God and sings his praise. The hawk pre?/s upon other 
 birds. A pallet is a bed, and a palette is a painter's board. 
 Good food gratifies the palate. He tried to pare the pear 
 with a pair of scissors. " Let us have peace,' not war. He 
 ate a piece of lemon peel. Did you hear that peal of thunder? 
 When he gets over his j^iQ'is ^^'c shall be friends again. The 
 English />^^r climbed the peak of the mountain. The ship is 
 at the pier. A lawyer who makes good ^leas is sure to please 
 his clients. 
 
 I 
 
 !^i 
 
"I 
 
 f 
 
 4 
 
 76 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 Lesson IX, 
 
 Will you have a plum ? That pole docs not stand plumb. 
 Exercise opens every pore of the skin. Please to pour n>c a 
 glass of water. Do not pore over your books so much. The 
 Principal said, " Our men of principle should be our princi- 
 pal men." Put your foot upon the pedal. Those wiio peddle 
 make a good profit. Isaiah was a great prophet. I liave 
 a piece of pumice-^i(ms,. There is pomace at the cider mill. 
 Gold is found in quartz rock. Four quarts make a gallon. 
 He drives with a tight rein. Hear it rain. The reign of 
 Victoria is prosperous. To tear down is to raze. My son 
 says, " We cannot raise corn without the rays of the sun." 
 He read till his eyes were red. In the Bible we read of a 
 bruised reed. 
 
 Lesson X, 
 
 Write to the wheelajriV///^. Do right. The pastor admin- 
 istered the nV(? of baptism. Milton wrote "Paradise Lost." 
 Do not recite by rote. The wretch got sick and began to 
 retch. Forty rods make a rood. Do not be rude and rough 
 in your behavior. She wears a ruff. He tasted tiie rge 
 bread and made a wry face. I have just seen a beautiful scene. 
 I bought canvas at a sale to make a sail for the boat. He 
 made a slight mistake in his sleight of hand. The wild surge 
 ••vrecked the boat. Buy me ten yards of serge. Sew the 
 seam so. Sow the seed early. He tried to steal a steel pen. 
 He has lost the sole of his shoe. The soul is immortal. 
 
 Lesson XI, 
 
 The ship is a fast sailer, and has a good sailor for cap- 
 tain. The fisherman caught a sucker. Always succor the 
 distressed. Irviug's style is much admired. " I *m sitting 
 
SIMILAR SOUNDS. 
 
 77 
 
 •! 
 
 on the siile, Mary." The cross and crown are sacred symbols. 
 lie plays the cymbals in the band. The tale is too true. The 
 squirrel lias a bushy tail. I want some 6 oz. tacks. I pay 
 no tax when I travel in Europe. The throes of travail 
 are severe. The bad boy throws stones at the birds. He 
 threw the ball through the window. It is too bad to make 
 two mistakes in one word. They went there and got their 
 books. The throne was thrown down. " They went and 
 told the sexton, and the sexton tolled the bell." 
 
 Lesson XII, 
 
 Improve your time. Thyme grows in the garden. There is 
 a gilded vane on the steeple. He has ruptured a vein. Do 
 not be vain of your acquirements. Tiie vial contains poison. 
 He plays upon the viol. Can you xcade across the river ? 
 Come this way. Wait till I get weighed. How much do 
 you weigh ? My weight is 140 lbs. That gill has a small 
 waist. Do not waste your time. He keeps good wares. 
 She wears a dress a week. I feel weak. Tlie wether suffers 
 during the cold weather. The yoke is of wood. I would Uke 
 to have the yolk of an t^'^. Long may our flag wave o'er the 
 ocean wave. I waive my right to exemption. 
 
 Meview, 
 
 If you should e'er have to submit to the ordeal of a search- 
 ing examination in English orthography, you should ere goiug 
 up make yourself thoroughly acquainted with an air of con- 
 fidence and an heir at law, your Aunt Hill and tiie anthill in 
 the copse, a beefsteak and a gambler's stake, an elective or 
 hereditary peer and a stone pier, tears of joy an^ tiers of 
 seats, beer for the living aud a bier for the dead, the base of 
 
I 
 
 i 
 
 78 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 a pyramid and the bass of an anthem or a hymn. Learn the 
 difference between him who wields the adze and him who 
 ever adds to his wealth ; between the Bey of Tunis and the 
 Bay of Naples, the bays of Europe and the green baize table- 
 cover, the graceful boughs of the beceli and the swelling bows 
 of the boat on the beach, or the polite bows of the beau bend- 
 ing like a bow ; between the feminine belle and a brass bell, 
 a policeman's beat and a vegetable beet, the bight of a rope 
 and the bite of a rattlesnake, the birth of a child and the 
 berth of a sailor, the breech of a gun and the breach which 
 the latter makes in a wall, a broach for a roast and a brooch 
 for a lady, a rabbit burrow and a municipal borough, a brass 
 cannon and an ecclesiastical canon, a cession of territory and 
 a session of Parliament, the cord of a whip and the chord of 
 a fiddle, the dough in a kneading-trough and the doe in the 
 forest, a cattle-fair and a cab or omnibus fare, a school-fellow 
 and the felloe of a wheel. All such words demand the learn- 
 er's special attention, if he wishes to avoid the ludicrous 
 blunders of those who write hairbraiued for harebrained, 
 bearfaced and bearfooted for barefaced and barefooted, pole- 
 tax for poll-tax, plumline for plumbline, raindear for rein- 
 deer, duelap for dewlap, tailbearer for talebearer. 
 
 
 liMkiMMi^ 
 
PART IV. 
 
 -♦♦♦- 
 
 
 Words liable to be misspelled. 
 
 Every teacher should keep lists of the words misspellea by 
 his pupils. The pupils themselves should keep at the back of 
 their dictation and composition books lists of the words they 
 spell incorrectly. 
 
 The following lists serve as a review of the whole book, 
 and contain some additional words. They may be used for 
 spelling-matches or for examinations. 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 Lesson 1, 
 
 
 > abyss 
 
 anodyne 
 
 arena 
 
 y adept 
 
 acquiesce 
 
 although 
 
 -abridge 
 
 ^ aggregate 
 
 affright 
 
 K assuage 
 
 allopathic 
 
 abdicate 
 
 V acrostic 
 
 antipathy 
 
 abeyance 
 
 anchovy 
 
 r^ccuracy 
 
 abrogate 
 
 apathy 
 
 accelerate 
 
 abstinence 
 
 K ancestry 
 
 <acme 
 
 xacoustic 
 
 ^ amateur 
 
 X athlete 
 
 assignee 
 
 aversion 
 
 avouch 
 
 analogous 
 
80 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 ;; 
 
 111 
 
 
 Lesson 2. 
 
 
 apoplexy 
 
 > anthracite 
 
 arraign 
 
 Kunonyraous 
 
 V adipose 
 
 acquaint 
 
 apostrophize 
 
 ^ amalgam 
 
 adieu 
 
 abstruse 
 
 arabesque 
 
 allege 
 
 i<atliwart 
 
 xaborigines 
 
 airy 
 
 almanac 
 
 athenaeum 
 
 author 
 
 abnorinal 
 
 ^annexation 
 
 Awning 
 
 absolute 
 
 aught 
 
 achieve 
 
 abutment 
 
 asked 
 
 autumn 
 
 ^accomplice 
 
 awed 
 Lesson 3, 
 
 almonds 
 
 ankles 
 
 altar 
 
 . already 
 
 almost 
 
 anguish 
 
 artifice 
 
 ague 
 
 afghan 
 
 admittance 
 
 auger 
 
 arctic 
 
 advertise 
 
 always 
 
 although 
 
 attorney 
 
 apiece 
 
 allspice 
 
 aqueous 
 
 accede 
 
 allegiance 
 
 alienate 
 
 assess 
 
 alias 
 
 associate 
 
 abscess 
 
 acquittal 
 
 audible 
 
 adhere 
 
 abetted 
 Lesson 4, 
 
 amiable 
 
 ascendant 
 
 architect 
 
 analysis 
 
 aesthetic 
 
 ascension 
 
 association 
 
 asbestos 
 
 aqueduct 
 
 archaeology 
 
 apparel 
 
 abstinence 
 
 accordion 
 
 apothegm 
 
 apostasy 
 
 apothecary 
 

 MPficult word§. 
 
 
 alcohol 
 
 asparagus 
 
 alligator 
 
 almanac 
 
 bagatelle 
 
 begrudge 
 
 beguile 
 
 bronchitis 
 
 bohea 
 
 burlesque 
 
 bigamy 
 
 bulwark 
 
 business 
 
 bulletin 
 Lesson 5, 
 
 brunette 
 
 bargain 
 
 bright 
 
 >,balk 
 
 burglary 
 
 blight 
 
 biscuit 
 
 buffalo 
 
 brought 
 
 buying 
 
 barren 
 
 bough 
 
 bequeath 
 
 -boudoir 
 
 brief 
 
 baptize 
 
 buoyant 
 
 basque 
 
 bereave 
 
 bourgeois 
 
 breadth 
 
 bunion 
 
 banditti 
 
 - blonde 
 
 bosom 
 
 behavior 
 
 bruise 
 
 benzine 
 
 bight 
 
 balm 
 Lesson 6. 
 
 bristles 
 
 benumb 
 
 bazaar 
 
 blamable 
 
 brooches 
 
 burgher 
 
 betraver 
 
 bouquet 
 
 benign 
 
 barytone 
 
 benefit 
 
 baboon 
 
 business 
 
 bilious 
 
 buggy 
 
 busily 
 
 bureau 
 
 blazing 
 
 beauteous 
 
 bodice 
 
 balance 
 
 benignant 
 
 believe 
 
 brazen 
 
 barbecue 
 
 — banian 
 
 beleaguer 
 
 beastliness 
 
 ^ bawble 
 
 beautify 
 
 bananas 
 
 81 
 
wmr7<r- 
 
 82 
 
 GAGE'S i-KACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 pl 
 i ^ 
 
 1 
 
 llii 
 
 
 Lesson 7. 
 
 
 catechise 
 
 cavalry 
 
 compasses 
 
 callous 
 
 —clerical 
 
 clothe 
 
 caboose 
 
 commissary 
 
 chief 
 
 calm 
 
 capillary 
 
 crutch 
 
 creosote 
 
 —chivalric 
 
 chintz 
 
 calumet 
 
 caprice 
 
 -chyle 
 
 colloquy- 
 
 crevasse 
 
 cliyme 
 
 cognizance 
 
 calumny- 
 
 calk 
 
 climax 
 
 -^artilage 
 
 craunch 
 
 careen 
 
 calisthenics 
 Lesson 8, 
 
 chord 
 
 clique 
 
 currants 
 
 -charade 
 
 cough 
 
 cousin 
 
 crevice 
 
 chamois 
 
 captious 
 
 coerce 
 
 canard 
 
 conscious 
 
 caucus 
 
 conceit 
 
 chestnut 
 
 cliastise 
 
 canoe 
 
 chloral 
 
 •ranker 
 
 canteen 
 
 conceive 
 
 -cipher 
 
 camphene 
 
 conscience 
 
 Christmas 
 
 colic 
 
 chignon 
 
 —crotchet 
 
 crochet 
 
 champagne 
 Lesson 9, 
 
 camphor 
 
 cigar 
 
 campaign 
 
 coiffure 
 
 chagrin 
 
 catarrh 
 
 X chenille 
 
 chapel 
 
 cologne 
 
 chemise 
 
 copy- 
 
 christen 
 
 critical 
 
 carriage 
 
 chalky 
 
 coercion 
 

 DIFFICULT WORDS. 
 
 8 
 
 chasten 
 
 condemn 
 
 colonize 
 
 cupboard 
 
 carbine 
 
 concurred 
 
 couple 
 
 chlorine 
 
 calico 
 
 chorus 
 
 coflee 
 
 chocolate 
 
 chronic 
 
 catchup 
 Lesfton 10. 
 
 cameo 
 
 cabbages 
 
 conciliate 
 
 counterfeit 
 
 colonel 
 
 civilian 
 
 cleanliness 
 
 creator 
 
 cinchona 
 
 charlatan 
 
 coalesce 
 
 chandelier 
 
 cochineal 
 
 courier 
 
 clumsiness 
 
 cinnamon 
 
 cordial 
 
 cynical 
 
 crystalline 
 
 copier 
 
 chemistry- 
 
 chrysalis 
 
 chicory- 
 
 chivalry 
 
 coruscation 
 
 covetous 
 
 colonnade 
 
 caligraphy 
 
 consequence 
 
 cordially 
 Lesson 11. 
 
 confectionery 
 
 cotyledonous 
 
 changeable 
 
 commissariat 
 
 cauliflower 
 
 cinnamon 
 
 corruptible 
 
 caoutchouc 
 
 curable 
 
 criticise 
 
 chameleon 
 
 cupola 
 
 courage 
 
 connoisseur 
 
 courageous 
 
 chaigeable 
 
 chloroform 
 
 constellation 
 
 debris 
 
 doughty 
 
 derrick 
 
 dwarf 
 
 defraud 
 
 double 
 
 douche 
 
 dilemma 
 
 default 
 
 dredge 
 
 depth 
 
 dulcimer 
 
 distaff 
 
 83 
 
 11 
 
84 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 ! i: 
 
 
 Lesson 12, 
 
 
 drudge 
 
 deceit 
 
 data 
 
 debut 
 
 dahlia 
 
 dispel 
 
 defile 
 
 dairy 
 
 deceive 
 
 deluge 
 
 diary 
 
 debauch 
 
 dynasty 
 
 dollar 
 
 detacli 
 
 dight 
 
 dyeing 
 
 ductile 
 
 dough 
 
 dungeon 
 
 diamond 
 
 drought 
 
 demesne 
 
 dwindle 
 
 disk 
 
 depot 
 
 dizzily 
 
 daughter 
 
 duet 
 Lesson 13, 
 
 duteous 
 
 dialogue 
 
 discretion 
 
 domineer 
 
 dynamics 
 
 dysentery 
 
 domicile 
 
 devious 
 
 divisible 
 
 derision 
 
 diaphragm 
 
 diarrhoea 
 
 diurnal 
 
 despondent 
 
 deficiency 
 
 daguerrotype 
 
 debonair 
 
 dromedary 
 
 eulogist 
 
 ensconce 
 
 effervesce 
 
 Eohan 
 
 epiglottis 
 
 eccentric 
 
 equipage 
 
 eulogy 
 
 episode 
 
 etymology 
 
 elapse 
 
 edge 
 Lesson 14, 
 
 eighth 
 
 eagle 
 
 . embalm 
 
 exertion 
 
 efface 
 
 editor 
 
 ecstasy 
 
 erase 
 
 epistle 
 
 edifice 
 
 extreme 
 
 epitaph 
 
 efficient 
 
 esquire 
 
 euphony 
 
 etiquette 
 

 DIFFICULT WORDE 
 
 3. 
 
 eyot 
 
 excliequer 
 
 exorbitant 
 
 exhaust 
 
 erasable 
 
 exhaustible 
 
 exii. o 
 
 evident 
 
 expatiate 
 
 enroll 
 
 essential 
 
 enterprise 
 
 expel 
 
 elegant 
 Lesson 13, 
 
 erysipelas 
 
 emissary 
 
 extirpate 
 
 effervescence 
 
 exhilarate 
 
 etymology 
 
 facade 
 
 flaunt 
 
 facile 
 
 forceps 
 
 franchise 
 
 fracas 
 
 flambeau 
 
 fresco 
 
 falchion 
 
 freight 
 
 foliage 
 
 fricassee 
 
 feudal 
 
 fuse 
 
 fight 
 
 feud 
 
 feign 
 
 flight 
 
 feod 
 
 fright 
 
 forte 
 
 furnace— 
 
 fraught 
 
 fierce 
 Tjesson 16. 
 
 fluxions 
 
 faucets 
 
 forehead 
 
 fertilize 
 
 -finesse 
 
 fiendish 
 
 flimsier 
 
 fulfil 
 
 fifthly 
 
 fuchsia 
 
 foretell 
 
 furlough 
 
 frontispiece 
 
 facial 
 
 fifteenth 
 
 February 
 
 fledgeling 
 
 flourish 
 
 flat-iron 
 
 foreign 
 
 fractious 
 
 flexibility 
 
 flippant 
 
 fiasco 
 fussiness 
 
 fatiguing 
 
 felon 
 
 factious 
 
 freckle 
 
 fascinate 
 
 frv)licsome 
 
 85 
 
 ^'^1 
 
86 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 li 
 
 
 ip » 
 
 i 
 ,1 
 
 ■I 
 
 
 Lesson 17, 
 
 
 farinaceous 
 
 filibuster 
 
 frolicking 
 
 guide 
 
 gnaw 
 
 growth 
 
 gouge 
 
 gnawed 
 
 giant 
 
 guileless 
 
 gnarl 
 
 grieve 
 
 gulch 
 
 gnarled 
 
 gauge 
 
 gyves 
 
 gnash 
 
 grief 
 
 geyser 
 
 gnat 
 
 gauze 
 
 gazelle 
 
 gneiss 
 
 gout 
 
 glacier 
 
 gnome 
 
 gibe 
 
 gossamer 
 
 ghost 
 Lesson 18, 
 
 guile 
 
 gondolier 
 
 gnomon 
 
 gaiters 
 
 grown 
 
 gymnast 
 
 gracious 
 
 guise 
 
 ganger 
 
 guinea 
 
 glebe 
 
 gable 
 
 gluey 
 
 gaunt 
 
 guidance 
 
 giraffe 
 
 g"y 
 
 grotesque 
 
 gherkin 
 
 goal 
 
 gopher 
 
 gristle 
 
 gallon 
 
 gingham 
 
 ghastly 
 
 grammar 
 
 good by 
 
 gusto 
 
 greasy 
 
 gratis 
 Lesson 19. 
 
 gypsum 
 
 gorgeous 
 
 granary 
 
 guttural 
 
 grand 
 
 gaseous 
 
 gutta-percha 
 
 gazette 
 
 glycerine 
 
 genealogy 
 
 grievous 
 
 guerilla 
 
 gorilla 
 
 guardian 
 
 ghostliness 
 
 guano 
 
 u 1. 
 
DIFFICULT WORDS. 
 
 87 
 
 gayiy 
 
 hydropathic 
 
 habituate 
 
 henious 
 
 hippodrome 
 
 halcyon 
 
 hemorrhage 
 
 hydraulic 
 
 hominy 
 
 heterogeneous 
 
 harlequin 
 
 homoeopathy 
 
 hypochondriac 
 
 height 
 Lesson 20, 
 
 high 
 
 halves 
 
 hoeing 
 
 hyacinth 
 
 haughty 
 
 heifers 
 
 heaven 
 
 heirship 
 
 hyphen 
 
 hygiene 
 
 handsome 
 
 hazard 
 
 hosiery 
 
 hatchet 
 
 hurried 
 
 historic 
 
 hyson 
 
 hideous 
 
 handkerchief 
 
 hymen 
 
 heresy 
 
 hecatomb 
 
 hogshead 
 
 hospital 
 
 hurricane 
 
 heaven 
 
 heinousness 
 
 hypocrite 
 
 hinging 
 
 howitzer 
 Lesson 21, 
 
 hibernal 
 
 hypocrisy 
 
 hymeneal 
 
 huckleberry 
 
 herbaceous 
 
 humiliate 
 
 homoeopathic 
 
 homogeneous 
 
 hypercriticism 
 
 island 
 
 irony 
 
 intelligible 
 
 instil 
 
 irrigate 
 
 isolate 
 
 immense 
 
 indigenous 
 
 infallible 
 
 isthmus 
 
 ivory 
 
 ineffable 
 
 h iclo 
 
 isosceles 
 
 innocence 
 
 impious 
 
 inflammation 
 
 innocuous 
 
 intercede 
 
 inoculate 
 
 ineligible 
 
 inveigle 
 
,0'isr'^ 
 
 dd 
 
 GAGE^S PRACTICAL SPELLEll. 
 
 irrigation 
 
 immortelle 
 
 initial 
 
 inveigh 
 
 initiate 
 
 jeopardy 
 
 jaguar 
 
 juicy 
 
 jilt 
 
 kaleidoscope 
 
 Lesson 22, 
 
 irrevoccble 
 
 indictment 
 
 inexorable 
 
 italicize 
 
 indebted 
 
 jealousy 
 
 juicinesss 
 
 jeopardize 
 
 joyous 
 
 knock 
 
 Lesson 23. 
 
 infusoria 
 
 irrelevant 
 
 impressible 
 
 ignis fatuus 
 
 jocular 
 
 journeys 
 
 judgment 
 
 Jehovah 
 
 jokinc 
 
 knell 
 
 ig 
 
 kernel 
 
 knew 
 
 kangaroo 
 
 know 
 
 knead 
 
 knuckle 
 
 knave 
 
 knee 
 
 knowledge 
 
 knoll 
 
 knout 
 
 kerchief 
 
 knot 
 
 knell 
 
 kerosene 
 
 knit 
 
 knives 
 
 kleptomania 
 
 knight 
 
 kraal 
 
 knife 
 
 linguist 
 
 loathe 
 
 latchet 
 
 lymphatic 
 
 lynx 
 
 logarithm 
 
 languid 
 
 lynch 
 Lesson 24, 
 
 light 
 
 lozenge 
 
 lily 
 
 lettuce 
 
 liquidate 
 
 liege 
 
 lyrics 
 
 leviathan 
 
 lens 
 
 lacquer 
 
 language 
 
 luncheon 
 
 lief 
 
 laugh 
 
 lava 
 
 ledger 
 
DIFFICULT WORDS. 
 
 loose 
 
 lyre 
 
 lapse 
 
 lieu 
 
 league 
 
 89 
 
 luscious 
 
 loosen 
 
 leisure 
 
 loiter 
 
 laving 
 
 larynx 
 
 leopard 
 
 leper 
 
 leprosy 
 
 laudanum 
 
 livelihood 
 
 likelihood 
 
 laclirymose 
 
 literal 
 
 legacy 
 
 macaroni 
 
 metallurgy 
 
 morjDhine 
 
 menagerie 
 
 maintain 
 
 Lesson 25, 
 
 liquefy 
 
 Liliputian 
 
 Leviticus 
 
 ludicrous 
 
 marine 
 
 myrtle 
 
 malice 
 
 mortise 
 
 miniature 
 
 mischief 
 
 loquacious 
 
 liniment, 
 
 lineament 
 
 lieutenant 
 
 might 
 
 myth 
 
 missed 
 
 mirth 
 
 model 
 
 mawkish 
 
 Lesson 26, 
 
 meagre 
 
 madden 
 
 melon 
 
 mortgage 
 
 mantle 
 
 measles 
 
 mosaic 
 
 meerschaum 
 
 martyr 
 
 mattress 
 
 mistiness 
 
 mosquito 
 
 medicine 
 
 manuscript 
 
 molasses 
 
 malfeasance 
 
 marmalade 
 
 mistletoe 
 
 merino 
 maximum 
 moccason 
 moneyless 
 marriageable 
 movable 
 machinery 
 mahogany 
 vinetempsychosis 
 
 it! 
 
I' 
 
 1 ' ( 
 
 r 
 
 90 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 
 Lesson 27, 
 
 
 mechanic 
 
 masquerade 
 
 normal 
 
 mackerel 
 
 manageable 
 
 nephew 
 
 nominee 
 
 nymph 
 
 nankeen 
 
 nuisance 
 
 niche 
 
 nickel 
 
 nugget 
 
 naughty 
 
 now-a-days 
 
 necessary 
 
 neighbor 
 
 nauseous 
 
 nigh^ 
 
 mignonette 
 
 nasturtium 
 
 naught 
 
 naphtha 
 
 nationality 
 
 nought 
 
 neuter 
 
 onslaught 
 
 niece 
 
 notation 
 Lesson 28, 
 
 orchestra 
 
 omelet 
 
 obscene 
 
 orchestral 
 
 ordeal 
 
 orphan 
 
 orifice 
 
 orthoepy 
 
 oyster 
 
 orator 
 
 oxalic 
 
 official 
 
 obstacle 
 
 obsequies 
 
 oscillate 
 
 officer 
 
 ornithology 
 
 obsequious 
 
 onions 
 
 OUglit 
 
 opera 
 
 opaque 
 
 ooze 
 
 phase 
 
 parachute 
 
 Pleiades 
 
 pierce 
 
 pneumatics 
 
 psychology 
 
 phrase 
 Lesson 29, 
 
 prude 
 
 paroxysm 
 
 palace 
 
 plover 
 
 pyrotechnic 
 
 porridge 
 
 puzzle 
 
 pontoon 
 
 perceive ' 
 
 patient 
 
 phlegm 
 
 precede 
 
 prorogue 
 
 plague 
 
 proceed 
 
 prairie 
 
 ii^.'ili 
 

 DIFFICULT WORDS 
 
 
 porcelain 
 
 poultice 
 
 package 
 
 partial 
 
 python 
 
 pittance 
 
 precious 
 
 peasant 
 
 primer 
 
 programme 
 
 pappoose 
 
 pedler 
 
 pigeon 
 
 pheasant 
 Lesson SO, 
 
 pennon 
 
 phantom 
 
 piano 
 
 prettily 
 
 pamphlet 
 
 piety 
 
 provincial 
 
 poignant 
 
 paralyze 
 
 peaceable 
 
 parasol 
 
 pinnacle 
 
 pitiful 
 
 particle 
 
 psalmody 
 
 porphyry 
 
 pleurisy 
 
 palaver 
 
 panacea 
 
 polyglot 
 
 pavilion 
 
 prosody 
 
 plaintiff 
 
 proselyte 
 
 pyramid 
 
 paradise 
 
 putrefy 
 
 physician 
 
 paroquet 
 
 proboscis 
 Lesson 31, 
 
 potatoes 
 
 penniless 
 
 participle 
 
 piteous 
 
 policy 
 
 predecessor 
 
 privilege 
 
 purchasable 
 
 promissory 
 
 parable 
 
 physiognomy 
 
 •4>harmacopoeia 
 
 psaltery 
 
 politician 
 
 - pLnrmflPPnf.iPnl 
 
 pneumonif 
 
 philologist 
 
 petition 
 
 payable 
 
 paralysis 
 
 piazza 
 
 quackery 
 
 quadrille 
 
 q^uotation 
 
 quotient 
 
 quintessence 
 
 qualms 
 
 quinine 
 
 quoits 
 
 quorum 
 
 quartette 
 
 01 
 
 ii 
 
 ;■* 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 'f IIM ilM 
 
 .■f lis IIIII20 
 
 1.8 
 
 
 1.25 1.4 
 
 1.6 
 
 
 -m 6" — 
 
 
 ► 
 
 HiotDgraphic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, NY. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 

 V 
 
I 
 
 9^ 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 I 
 
 II 
 
 >. 
 
 
 Lesson 32. 
 
 
 reindeer 
 
 rejoice 
 
 rescue 
 
 retrieve 
 
 recollect 
 
 rosette 
 
 reservoir 
 
 regalia 
 
 right 
 
 rhomb 
 
 rhomboid 
 
 rascal 
 
 rogue 
 
 rhymer 
 
 raccoon 
 
 realm 
 
 rennet 
 
 ruffian 
 
 rouge 
 
 ripple 
 
 roughen 
 
 rye 
 
 rummage 
 
 rations 
 
 rescind 
 
 riddance 
 
 referred 
 
 redoubt 
 
 rueful 
 Lesson 33, 
 
 rain-gauge 
 
 reign eth 
 
 roguish 
 
 raspberries 
 
 routine 
 
 regime 
 
 recipe 
 
 raisins 
 
 recreant 
 
 resistance 
 
 rhubarb 
 
 reckoner 
 
 regimon 
 
 recruit 
 
 rheumatic 
 
 regatta 
 
 receipt 
 
 rnapsody 
 
 rudiment 
 
 review 
 
 rhetoric 
 
 rhinoceros 
 
 radius 
 
 rendezvous 
 
 receivable 
 
 reprieve 
 
 revenue 
 
 reminiscence 
 
 rebel 
 
 restaurant 
 Lesson 34, 
 
 recourse 
 
 sycophant 
 
 salad 
 
 smoulder 
 
 synonym 
 
 sachem 
 
 souvenir 
 
 spermaceti 
 
 strychnine 
 
 synopsis 
 
 sibylline 
 
 scythe 
 
 sleuth 
 
 seethe 
 
 . seized 
 
 sphinx 
 

 DIFFICULT WORDS 
 
 • 
 
 sight 
 
 skein 
 
 scheme 
 
 sigh 
 
 sylvan 
 
 squad 
 
 sought 
 
 sued 
 
 shrewd 
 
 slough 
 
 shield 
 
 swath 
 
 straight 
 
 sheath 
 Lesson 35. 
 
 sheik 
 
 siege 
 
 seraph 
 
 sturgeon 
 
 scent 
 
 sulphur 
 
 selvage 
 
 sylph 
 
 stylish 
 
 shekel 
 
 steppe 
 
 sobriety 
 
 suction 
 
 sieve 
 
 stampede 
 
 schooner 
 
 spoonful 
 
 symptom 
 
 squander 
 
 scruple 
 
 sprightly 
 
 shrivel 
 
 seduce 
 
 slaughter 
 
 surfeit 
 
 sheriff 
 
 satyr 
 
 sugar 
 
 sceptre 
 
 serene 
 Lesson 36, 
 
 stomach 
 
 sausage 
 
 satchel 
 
 siren 
 
 sibyl 
 
 spectre 
 
 spicy 
 
 spinet 
 
 species 
 
 salmon 
 
 sickle 
 
 slyly 
 
 sapphire 
 
 stirrup 
 
 sardine 
 
 sassafras 
 
 squirrel 
 
 singeing 
 
 sauciness 
 
 shepherd 
 
 scholars 
 
 serenade 
 
 surgeon 
 
 simoom 
 
 supersede 
 
 skilful 
 
 sultriness 
 
 secrecy 
 
 seizing 
 
 shovelling 
 
 surcingle 
 
 93 
 
i 
 
 \ 
 
 I 
 
 94 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 
 Le88on 37. 
 
 
 sidereal 
 
 steadiest 
 
 sovereign 
 
 subaltern 
 
 sedition 
 
 scintillate 
 
 strategic 
 
 scandalize 
 
 symmetry 
 
 soprano 
 
 solemnize 
 
 satellite 
 
 somersault 
 
 saltpetre 
 
 syllogism 
 
 stimulus 
 
 sorghum 
 
 synagogue 
 
 silhouette 
 
 survey 
 
 suicidal 
 
 sycjamore 
 
 scissors 
 
 scenery 
 
 separate 
 
 silicate 
 
 siliceous 
 
 succession 
 
 salary 
 Lesson 38, 
 
 suspicion 
 
 synecdoche 
 
 saccharine 
 
 superstitious 
 
 serviceable 
 
 subterranean 
 
 saleratus 
 
 sybarite 
 
 soliloquy 
 
 tariff 
 
 twelfth 
 
 thwart 
 
 tapestry 
 
 trachea 
 
 tissues 
 
 tongue 
 
 thigh 
 
 twirl 
 
 though 
 
 tight 
 
 touch 
 
 tryst 
 
 taught 
 
 taunt 
 
 trawl 
 
 thought 
 
 thyme 
 
 thorough 
 
 through 
 
 thief 
 
 traitor 
 
 
 Lesson 39, 
 
 - 
 
 tortoise 
 
 toughen 
 
 terrific 
 
 tether 
 
 tonnage 
 
 traceable 
 
 tying 
 
 toilet 
 
 towelling 
 
 tartar 
 
 triple 
 
 tranquillize 
 

 DIFFICULT WORDS 
 
 • 
 
 trousers 
 
 trestle 
 
 typical 
 
 triphthong 
 
 tennon 
 
 tapioca 
 
 thievish 
 
 thistle 
 
 tranquillity 
 
 typhus 
 
 tonsil 
 
 tomahawk 
 
 typhoid 
 
 trisyllable 
 
 toothache 
 
 utensil 
 
 ugliest 
 Lesson 40. 
 
 umbrella 
 
 unique 
 
 usury 
 
 uvula 
 
 vacillate 
 
 vehicle 
 
 vertical 
 
 viewed 
 
 vexatious 
 
 -versatile 
 
 veil 
 
 veranda 
 
 ventilate 
 
 vein 
 
 vermilion 
 
 version 
 
 valet 
 
 jKrmicelli 
 
 victualler 
 
 vicious 
 
 vying 
 
 wight 
 
 wooed 
 
 wield 
 
 weight 
 
 wrench 
 
 weird 
 
 wrought 
 
 worth 
 
 ^jwrithe 
 Lessort, 41, 
 
 waltzed 
 
 wrapped 
 
 wholly 
 
 wizard 
 
 whey 
 
 women 
 
 Wednesday 
 
 wrist 
 
 wrangle 
 
 wretched 
 
 wreath 
 
 wainscot 
 
 weevil 
 
 wreathe 
 
 wigwam 
 
 wrestle 
 
 wroth 
 
 wholesome 
 
 whooping 
 
 wreak 
 
 wry n ess 
 
 wheelwright 
 
 whistling 
 
 yeoman 
 
 yearning 
 
 zouave 
 
 zoology 
 
 zinc 
 
 95 
 
96 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 TEST REVIEWS, 
 
 CONTAINING DIFFICULT WORDS. 
 
 ' Lesson 1, 
 
 A chasm in a rock. The chord of a musical instiument. 
 Chrome is one of tlie metals. Chyle is separated from chyme. 
 The Chaldee language. The chloride of lime. Chlorine is one 
 of the constituents of common salt. The chlorate of potash, 
 Choler, or anger. Choral symphonies. By what name will 
 he christen the child ? He has a disagreeable chronic disease. 
 A Chaldaic idiom. A chaotic mass, A chimera of the im- 
 agination. A choleric disposition. The nations of Christen- 
 dom. The chromatic scale. A ^fiuthful chronicler of events. 
 The chrysalis of the silkworm. Chrysolite is a green mineral. 
 Chalybeate waters contain iron. The changing hues of the 
 chameleon. A chimerical project. His chirography is bad. 
 The chiropodist removes corns from the feet. The chronom- 
 eter is an exact timepiece. He is subject to the headache. 
 A wild scheme. 
 
 Lesson 2, 
 
 The addition of numbers. Boundless ambition. Rocks are 
 worn by the attrition of the waves. The period of dentition. 
 A flagitious action. An initial letter. The enrolment of 
 militia. A monition, or warning. Nutritious food. In dan- 
 ger of perdition. Propitious circumstances. The solstitial 
 colure. An act of volition. The accession of Victoria to 
 the throne of England. The aggression of an enemy. The 
 ascension of a balloon. The compression of the air. Coneus- 
 
DIFFICULT WORDS. 
 
 97 
 
 sion of the brain. The discussion of a question. The emis, 
 sion of bank bills. An idiomatic expression. The effect of 
 percussion. The possession of property. A long procession. 
 Secession from a party. The suppression of iutemperancc. 
 Transgression of the law. 
 
 Lesson 3. 
 
 The caption, or arrest of a criminal. A captious disposi- 
 tion, h. faction, or political party, A fractious child. A 
 lotion for a wound. Martial law, A nuptial ceremony. 
 ^Q patient VVIi.it Is the quotient:' A soldier's ration. A 
 settient being. The force of suction. Ahhition, or the act 
 (A washing. A strange assertion. A good citationj A cow 
 vention of delegates. The credentials of an ambassador, lie 
 gave a vivid description. Write the exercise from my dicta- 
 tion. An equation in algebra. Industry is essential to suc- 
 cess. ^ Facetious conversation. He is impatient of control. 
 The British legation at Washington. The potential mood. 
 Prudential consideralions. The pulsation of the heart. The 
 refraction of light. He ate to repletion. He was allowed 
 to satiate his appetite. A sententious style, A substantial 
 foundation. A man's vexation. 
 
 m 
 
 Lesson 4, 
 
 A petulant disposition, A postulate, or assumed position. 
 Saturate the sponge *vvith water. Sinuous paths. A re- 
 ward to stimulate ambition. Tabulate the results. Titular 
 dignities. Tremulous with emotion. A mortar to triturate 
 minerals. Unctuous substances. An adventurous sj)irit. Am- 
 biguous expressions. Articulate your words distinctly. Be 
 assiduous in the pursuit of knowledge. Burgoyne was obliged 
 to capitulcte. Deciduous trees. Men sometimes seek oflRoe 
 
i 
 
 ) 
 
 i 
 
 
 98 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 for their own emolument. An estuary, or arm of the sea. 
 What can extenuate his gwilt P lie is fond of horticulture. 
 He allowed no temptations to infatuate him. An ingenuoui 
 disposition. Crafty men know how lo insinuate what they 
 dare not say directly. The manumission of a slave. An ei- 
 hibil ion of statuary. A tumultuous rabble. 
 
 Lesson 5. 
 
 A stanchion ;iider the beam of a ship, A trunc^tm, or 
 staff. A marchioness is the wife of a marquis. An avalanche 
 of snow. A capuchin, or Franciscan friar. They felt great 
 chafjrin at their (ailure. A chaise has two wheels. Cham- 
 pagne is a sparkling wine. A champaign, or flat, open coun- 
 try, A chandelier for a parlor. Do you know the meaning 
 of the charade /* He is a base charlatan. A chepalier, or 
 knight. A zig/.ag ornament in architecture is called a chev- 
 ron. He was guilty of chicanery In the days of chivatry. 
 A galoche, or overshoe. Skilled in machinery. Does he wear 
 a vikustache? He showed great nonchalance. A parachute 
 for support in the air. 
 
PART V. 
 
 »r 
 \e 
 It 
 »- 
 1- 
 
 )r 
 p- 
 
 V' 
 ir 
 
 The words in the following lists were compiled from lists of 
 " words commonly misspelled," sent from miiny schools in 
 different parts of Canada. In cases of words having the same 
 sound but different meanings, only one is given here except 
 in a few instances. In spelling such words it is an excellent 
 practice to ask the pupils to write sentences containing both 
 words properly used. (See Part III.) These lists, and the 
 words in the lists of words misspelled by the pupils them- 
 selves (Part VI.) should be used frequently for exercises in 
 oral as well as written SDelliug. 
 
 aborigines 
 
 abyss 
 
 accede 
 
 accept 
 
 accordion 
 
 accommodate 
 
 achievement 
 
 accumulate 
 
 accurate 
 
 ache 
 
 SDelli 
 
 amassed 
 
 amateur 
 
 ambiguous 
 
 ameliorate 
 
 amethyst 
 
 analogy 
 
 analysis 
 
 anarchy 
 
 anatomical 
 
 ancient 
 
 acknowledgment angels 
 acquiesce annihilate 
 
 acquainted anodyne 
 
 acquittal anonymous 
 
 ucoustic antique 
 
 archangel 
 
 architect 
 
 archives 
 
 arctic 
 
 artificial 
 
 ascent 
 
 ascertain 
 
 assailants 
 
 assassin 
 
 asphalt 
 
 assiduous 
 
 assuage 
 
 asthma 
 
 astronomy 
 
 atheism 
 
 m 
 
■] 
 
 .' 
 
 ;, 1 
 
 100 
 
 GAGB*S PRACTICAL 8PBLLR& 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 acres 
 
 anxiety 
 
 attachment 
 
 across 
 
 aperture 
 
 alphabet 
 
 addition 
 
 apology 
 
 audible 
 
 adhere 
 
 apoplexy 
 
 authority 
 
 adjoin 
 
 apostle 
 
 auger 
 
 afikbility 
 
 apparent 
 
 augur 
 
 aghast 
 
 apostrophe 
 
 author 
 
 agile 
 
 appalling 
 
 autocrat 
 
 aggrieve 
 
 apparel 
 
 autumn 
 
 aisle 
 
 appearance 
 
 auxiliary 
 
 alcohol 
 
 appellation 
 
 avenue 
 
 allege 
 
 apprehension 
 
 avoirdupoii 
 
 alley 
 
 aqueduct 
 
 awkward 
 
 alpaca 
 
 aqueous 
 
 axiom 
 
 bailiff 
 
 beven^e 
 
 brethren 
 
 ballad 
 
 bias 
 
 bridle 
 
 balmy 
 
 bicycle 
 
 bridal 
 
 banana 
 
 bier 
 
 brigqjiitAy 
 
 bargain 
 
 biennial 
 
 Briton 
 
 barouche 
 
 bilious 
 
 Britain 
 
 battalion 
 
 billiards 
 
 BritaniilA 
 
 bayonet 
 
 biscuit 
 
 bronchifcw 
 
 bazaar 
 
 brilliant 
 
 brooch 
 
 beau 
 
 bivouac 
 
 bruise 
 
 beauteous 
 
 bivouacked 
 
 bureau 
 
 beleaguerers 
 
 blamable 
 
 burial 
 
 believe 
 
 blanc-mange 
 
 burlesque 
 
 benefactor 
 
 bleach 
 
 busiest 
 
 beneficent 
 
 bludgeon 
 
 busily 
 
WORDS OFTEN MISSrSLLBD. 
 
 101 
 
 beneficial 
 
 borough 
 
 business 
 
 besieging 
 
 bosom 
 
 buoy 
 
 bevel 
 
 bounteous 
 
 buy 
 
 bachelor 
 
 balance 
 
 bonus 
 
 calendar 
 
 chilblain 
 
 conscience 
 
 calmly 
 
 chimney 
 
 conscientious 
 
 caprice 
 
 chintz 
 
 conscious 
 
 cameo 
 
 chirography 
 
 consent 
 
 campaign 
 
 chisel 
 
 consignee 
 
 camphor 
 
 chloroform 
 
 consolatory 
 
 cancel 
 
 choir 
 
 convalescent 
 
 captain 
 
 cholera 
 
 conveyance 
 
 carat 
 
 choral 
 
 coolly 
 
 carcass 
 
 chord 
 
 coquette 
 
 carouse 
 
 chorister 
 
 coral 
 
 carriage 
 
 chronometer 
 
 corpuscle 
 
 cashier 
 
 cipher 
 
 corpse 
 
 catalogue 
 
 circuitous 
 
 cc'Ugh 
 
 catastrophe 
 
 citadel 
 
 cuisine 
 
 catarrh 
 
 civilities 
 
 councillor 
 
 cavenne 
 
 • 
 
 civilize 
 
 counterfeit 
 
 cedar 
 
 clerical 
 
 coupon 
 
 ceiling 
 
 clique 
 
 courier 
 
 celestial 
 
 coalition 
 
 courtesy 
 
 celery 
 
 cocoa 
 
 cowardice 
 
 cemetery 
 
 codicil 
 
 crescent 
 
 census 
 
 coerce 
 
 cried 
 
 centennial 
 
 chieftain 
 
 crisis 
 
 centre 
 
 coincide 
 
 critical 
 
r 
 
 102 
 
 GAGE'a PRACTICAL 8PRLLBR. 
 
 cereals 
 
 colonel 
 
 oritioism 
 
 ceremonies 
 
 column 
 
 crooked 
 
 chagrin 
 
 cohesive 
 
 crochet 
 
 chalk 
 
 coming 
 
 crocodile 
 
 chamois 
 
 commercial 
 
 croquet 
 
 chandelier 
 
 committee 
 
 crucify 
 
 cliangeable 
 
 committing; 
 
 cruising 
 
 chaise 
 
 comparing 
 
 crystallize 
 
 chaos 
 
 compel 
 
 cupboard 
 
 charade 
 
 conciliate 
 
 curiosity 
 
 cliastisement 
 
 conducive 
 
 cycle 
 
 chasm 
 
 conical 
 
 cyclone 
 
 chattel 
 
 concealed 
 
 cymbal 
 
 cheerily 
 
 concede 
 
 cynical 
 
 cheque 
 
 congenial 
 
 cypress 
 
 chestnuts 
 dilapidated 
 
 conqueror 
 dishonor 
 
 czar 
 disappear 
 
 defendant 
 
 demagogue 
 
 description 
 
 dilemma 
 
 diminutive 
 
 despair 
 
 donkey 
 
 demeanor 
 
 decide 
 
 disguise 
 
 diphtheria 
 
 discomfited 
 
 digit 
 
 deference 
 
 dissolve 
 
 dairy 
 
 diagnose 
 
 dispossessed 
 
 diary 
 
 deficit 
 
 disposable 
 
 divine 
 
 descendant 
 
 desperate 
 
 discern 
 
 dandelion 
 
 dependent 
 
 disburse 
 
 dispense 
 
 dulness 
 
 discipline 
 
 defalcation 
 
 development 
 
 dulcimer 
 
 dungeon 
 
 debarred 
 
WORDS OPTKN MISSPKIXKD. 
 
 108 
 
 duteous 
 
 deity 
 
 disciple 
 
 dispel 
 
 diphthong 
 
 daguerreotype 
 
 decimal 
 
 derision 
 
 detachment 
 
 dense 
 
 dutiful 
 
 derogatory 
 
 deceive 
 
 disease 
 
 ditTuse 
 
 deign 
 
 despatch 
 
 dictionary 
 
 dissyllable 
 
 dissipate 
 
 digestible 
 
 depot 
 
 delirious 
 
 docile 
 
 excellence 
 
 eligibility 
 
 examiner 
 
 exhibit 
 
 embezzle 
 
 execrable 
 
 evasion 
 
 erroneous 
 
 eccentricities 
 
 eighth 
 
 efficacy 
 
 elegy 
 
 equivocal 
 
 expense 
 
 envelope 
 
 epistle 
 
 efficiency 
 
 excursion 
 
 easel 
 
 existence 
 
 essential 
 
 mJicsUjsy 
 
 enemies 
 
 eager 
 
 epilepsy 
 
 errand 
 
 economy 
 
 exchequer 
 
 extraordinary 
 
 explicit 
 
 etymology 
 
 entrance 
 
 either 
 
 ellipse 
 
 excellent 
 
 ^^pitome 
 
 equipage 
 
 enrolment 
 
 enormous 
 
 edible 
 
 echoing 
 
 eyrie 
 
 exonerate 
 
 embarrassing 
 
 electrician 
 
 evanescent 
 
 emerge 
 
 equilibrium 
 
 eclectic 
 
 eminent 
 fuchsia 
 
 •emaciate 
 
 facetious 
 
 furry 
 
 Fahrenheit 
 
 frigid 
 
 forehead 
 
 fossil 
 
 facsimile 
 
 fertilize 
 

 104 
 
 gage's practical speller. 
 
 i I 
 
 r I 
 
 facile 
 
 frontier 
 
 forcible 
 
 financier 
 
 feud 
 
 fascinate 
 
 feign 
 
 financial 
 
 ferocious 
 
 fiend 
 
 fiery 
 
 fulfil 
 
 fractious 
 
 faucet 
 
 familiar 
 
 furlough 
 
 facilitate 
 
 finally 
 
 falcon 
 
 friend 
 
 fissure 
 
 falchion 
 
 fledged 
 
 frivolous 
 
 felony 
 
 fumigate 
 
 feint 
 
 foliage 
 
 February 
 
 foreign 
 
 fete^ 
 
 fibres 
 
 fibrous 
 
 gauge 
 
 gnash 
 
 gorgeous 
 
 guarantee 
 
 giraffe 
 
 grateful 
 
 graphic 
 
 gnat 
 
 group 
 
 guardian 
 
 granary 
 
 gluttonouH 
 
 guinea 
 
 gaudy 
 
 grievous 
 
 gingham 
 
 geranium 
 
 ghastly 
 
 ghostly 
 
 gymnastics 
 
 grandeur 
 
 glossary 
 
 gna\7 
 
 guillotine 
 
 glazier 
 
 gypsy 
 
 gasolier, gasalier 
 
 guttural 
 
 guitar 
 
 galleries 
 
 gratuitous 
 
 glisten 
 
 guest 
 
 grammar 
 
 gases 
 heresy 
 
 grenadier 
 
 havoc 
 
 hostler 
 
 heinous 
 
 hallelujah 
 
 height 
 
 hydraulic 
 
 hyacinth 
 
 hurriedly 
 
 hypothesis 
 
 hosiery 
 
 heroic 
 
 hymn 
 
 hazard 
 
 haughty 
 
WORDS OFTEN MISSPELLED. 
 
 105 
 
 harangue 
 
 history 
 
 hoeing 
 
 homoeopathy 
 
 honeysuckle 
 
 hyena 
 
 heifer 
 
 hickory 
 
 hieroglyphics 
 
 illegible 
 
 inaudible 
 
 indict 
 
 isthmus 
 
 inseparable 
 
 impetuous 
 
 incredible 
 
 irresistible 
 
 isolate 
 
 illicit 
 
 ivy 
 
 inveigle 
 
 intercede 
 
 irrepressible 
 
 initial 
 
 iron 
 
 iota 
 
 impatient 
 
 jovial 
 
 hydrophobia 
 
 hyphen 
 
 hygiene 
 
 hemorrhage 
 
 hypocrisy 
 
 hideous 
 
 huge 
 
 harassing 
 
 hoarse 
 
 J irretrievable 
 
 immense 
 
 incense 
 
 install 
 
 impromptu 
 
 incision 
 
 icicle 
 
 impassible 
 
 interred 
 
 imagine 
 
 indigestible 
 ^.^..^infidels 
 
 intensely 
 
 immerse 
 
 imminent 
 
 imaginary 
 
 image 
 
 idols 
 
 ^ 
 
 jeopardy 
 
 hippopotamus 
 
 hiccough 
 
 humorous 
 
 hoping 
 
 hilarious 
 
 hue 
 
 heard 
 
 hierarchy 
 
 handkerchief 
 
 itself 
 
 independent 
 
 invincible 
 
 ingenuous 
 
 intrigue 
 
 issuing 
 
 interrogatory 
 
 insidious 
 
 imitate 
 
 implement 
 
 inflammatory 
 
 island 
 
 interfere 
 
 innocuous 
 
 indispensable 
 
 incandescent 
 
 indebtedness 
 
 indefinite 
 
 jeweller 
 
 1 1 
 

 1 
 
 Hi 
 
 i 'I 
 
 106 
 
 gage's practical spelleb. 
 
 jaundice 
 
 judgment 
 
 jealousy 
 
 juicy 
 
 janitor 
 
 joining 
 
 jostle 
 
 journey 
 knap-sack 
 
 joust 
 
 kleptomaniac 
 
 knotty 
 
 kyle 
 
 knolls 
 
 knows 
 
 kiln 
 
 knives 
 
 knocks 
 
 knuckle 
 
 knavery 
 
 knowledge 
 
 knell 
 
 knelt 
 
 kernel 
 
 laughter 
 
 locomotive 
 
 licorice 
 
 linen 
 
 lathe 
 
 larynx 
 
 lichen 
 
 ^apel 
 
 ■ label 
 
 loitered 
 
 launch 
 
 liquor 
 
 lozenge 
 
 luncheon 
 
 lose 
 
 loose 
 
 ^^larceny 
 
 losing 
 
 liege 
 
 lattice 
 
 lizard 
 
 license 
 
 lettuce 
 
 lieutenant 
 
 luscious 
 
 lynx 
 
 length 
 
 levelled 
 
 leisure 
 
 lustre 
 
 ^^inguist 
 
 leopard 
 
 ♦^ludicrous 
 
 loathe 
 
 lion 
 
 liniment 
 
 lilies 
 
 ^lacerate 
 
 <^ - 
 
 lovable 
 
 machinery 
 
 ,0^ mercenary 
 
 morsel 
 
 ...^ missile 
 
 muscle 
 
 mysteries 
 
 miscellaneous 
 
 mahogany 
 
 mournful 
 
 malady 
 
 mayor 
 
 maintaining 
 
 ^mortice 
 
 municipal 
 
 multiple 
 
 minion 
 
 mimicking 
 
 musing 
 
 malice 
 
 myriad 
 
 monarchs 
 
WORDS OFTEN MISSPELLED. 
 
 107 
 
 •^morgue 
 
 mignonette 
 
 martyrs 
 
 ^ militia 
 
 mutinous 
 
 meant 
 
 momentous 
 
 melancholy 
 
 •metre 
 
 melodious 
 
 massacre 
 
 ..rfiDiniature 
 
 marriage 
 
 mortgage 
 
 moisten 
 
 medal 
 
 mechanic 
 
 mien < 
 
 myrtle 
 
 mosquito 
 
 mighty 
 
 .-^mesmerize 
 
 menagerie 
 
 moustache 
 
 mistletoe 
 
 murmur 
 
 .••monetary 
 
 xmackerel 
 
 magnificent 
 
 mountainous 
 
 monosyllable 
 
 model 
 
 meteor 
 
 measles 
 
 metal 
 
 martial 
 
 meridian 
 
 mancEuvre 
 
 musician 
 
 mantel 
 
 mischievous 
 
 moneys 
 
 negotiate 
 
 nausea 
 
 nervous 
 
 neuralgia 
 
 naphtha 
 
 naughty 
 
 ^^jaeutral 
 
 necessarily 
 
 nutritious 
 
 jftovice 
 
 niece 
 
 nucleus 
 
 nonsense 
 
 nominative 
 
 nineteenth 
 
 niche 
 
 neighbor 
 
 naval 
 
 nickel 
 
 nephew 
 
 nitre 
 
 opulent 
 
 opaque 
 
 ordinarily 
 
 ordinance 
 
 oriole 
 
 ought 
 
 o'clock 
 
 obloquy 
 
 ^ orchestra 
 
 ocular 
 
 ^optician 
 
 opposite 
 
 orifice 
 
 ^^•obsequies 
 
 owes 
 
 onyx 
 
 occurrence 
 
 oyster 
 
 ^^'^beisance 
 
 orphan 
 
 ^oblique 
 
 ^obsolete 
 
 opportunity 
 
 once 
 
f 
 
 \i 
 
 H 
 
 108 
 
 gage's practical speller. 
 
 oscillate 
 
 operation 
 
 odor 
 
 onion 
 
 occurred 
 
 opium 
 
 ostrich 
 
 omitted 
 
 ocean 
 
 oxygen 
 
 occasions 
 
 P 
 
 officious ^ 
 
 precision 
 
 picnicking 
 
 polygamy 
 
 preparation 
 
 presence 
 
 pickerel 
 
 pursuit 
 
 parallelogram 
 
 potential 
 
 pagan 
 
 pretence 
 
 pedagogue 
 
 perennial 
 
 perceptible 
 
 phosphate 
 
 precise 
 
 pneumatic 
 
 Presbyterian 
 
 precede 
 
 pore 
 
 persuade 
 
 privilege 
 
 pyramids 
 
 principle 
 
 phonography 
 
 pencilled 
 
 pleasant 
 
 pedal 
 
 poem 
 
 particle 
 
 plaid 
 
 pistols 
 
 prodigious 
 
 participle 
 
 prophetic 
 
 propagate 
 
 placid 
 
 periodicals 
 
 police 
 
 plausible 
 
 pompous 
 
 parachute 
 
 persistence 
 
 portrait 
 
 precipice 
 
 pitiable 
 
 patient 
 
 prairie 
 
 passion 
 
 piazza 
 
 porridge 
 
 paradise 
 
 piteous 
 
 precious 
 
 phaeton 
 
 palatial 
 
 piece 
 
 palate 
 
 porcelain 
 
 poison 
 
 perseverance 
 
 phenomenon 
 
 peasantry 
 
 porpoise 
 
 phrenology 
 
 precincts 
 
 pancreas 
 
 parliament 
 
 precocious 
 
 physiology 
 
 psalm 
 
 prescience 
 
 palpable ^ 
 
 pleurisy 
 
 pressure 
 
WORDS OFTEN MISSPELLED. 
 
 109 
 
 piety 
 
 phlegm 
 
 plebeian 
 
 preferred 
 
 physique 
 
 process 
 
 pneumonia 
 
 plenteous 
 
 piano 
 
 petroleum 
 
 paroxysm 
 
 picture 
 
 prestige 
 
 plateau 
 
 pitcher 
 
 paralysis 
 
 phantom 
 
 precedent 
 
 pharmacy 
 
 porous 
 
 patriarch 
 
 purify 
 
 parochial 
 
 palm 
 
 poultice 
 
 pier 
 
 phrase 
 
 practice 
 
 poor 
 
 pewter 
 
 practise 
 
 pernicious 
 
 peculiar 
 
 pronunciation 
 
 penitentiary 
 
 priests 
 
 
 S^ 
 
 
 quite 
 
 quarrel 
 
 queruloua 
 
 quiet 
 
 quotient 
 
 quartz 
 
 quorum 
 
 qualm 
 
 quest 
 
 quinine 
 
 queen 
 remittance 
 
 query 
 
 rouge 
 
 recruit 
 
 rheumatism 
 
 ruffian 
 
 rhetoric 
 
 rhythm 
 
 rarefy 
 
 reprieve 
 
 receire 
 
 reservoir 
 
 refrigerator 
 
 recompense 
 
 ratio 
 
 raisin 
 
 razor 
 
 rendezvous 
 
 restaurant 
 
 rosette 
 
 radical 
 
 rhapsody 
 
 rhubarl^ 
 
 rhyme 
 
 rain 
 
 reiterate 
 
 recognize 
 
 rescind 
 
 ransom 
 
 reformatory 
 
 ravenous 
 
 y^receptacle 
 
 rolled 
 
 resources 
 
 requiem 
 
 reception 
 
 reverential 
 
no 
 
 gage's practical spellbb. 
 
 recommend 
 
 recipe 
 
 receding 
 
 resistance 
 
 ridge 
 
 revellers 
 
 remembrance 
 
 resplendent 
 
 response 
 
 repetition 
 
 required 
 
 religious 
 
 ridiculous 
 
 rhinoceros 
 
 reign 
 
 reconcile 
 
 refulgent 
 
 raspberries 
 
 receipt 
 
 route 
 
 reconnoitre 
 
 sieve 
 
 sauce 
 
 stomach 
 
 sacrilege 
 
 similar 
 
 synthesis 
 
 sumach 
 
 sure 
 
 salable 
 
 supercede 
 
 sterile 
 
 symmetry 
 
 skeleton 
 
 sensible 
 
 sovereign 
 
 stereotype 
 
 soldier 
 
 spontaneous 
 
 sluice 
 
 shoulder 
 
 silhouette 
 
 skein 
 
 splendor 
 
 Saturday 
 
 surname 
 
 slender 
 
 smooth 
 
 schedule 
 
 stretched 
 
 succor 
 
 susceptible 
 
 salubrious 
 
 sleight 
 
 suite 
 
 sepulchre 
 
 shrewd 
 
 senior 
 
 scimitar 
 
 sense 
 
 separate 
 
 sacrilegious 
 
 stencil 
 
 scuttle 
 
 sacrifice 
 
 soiree 
 
 sagaciouc* 
 
 severe 
 
 strychnine 
 
 swindle 
 
 sulphur 
 
 sanctioned 
 
 sycamore 
 
 siphon 
 
 substantia,l]y 
 
 shovel 
 
 symbol 
 
 stationary 
 
 specimen 
 
 supremacy 
 
 sewer 
 
 syllable 
 
 sandwiiQh 
 
 sealed 
 
 suasion 
 
 sirloin 
 
 shining 
 
 ■'^ 
 
 \ 
 
V 
 
 WORDS OFTEN MISSPELLED. 
 
 Ill 
 
 smew 
 
 spigot 
 
 seizing 
 
 specie 
 
 sanguine 
 
 suspense 
 
 superficial 
 
 souvenir 
 
 suitable 
 
 sleeve 
 
 skilfully 
 
 science 
 
 scene 
 
 sloping 
 
 stirring 
 
 satirical 
 
 serviceable 
 
 secede 
 
 siege 
 
 speech 
 
 turbulence 
 
 tuition 
 
 tacit 
 
 telegrapn 
 
 truly 
 
 traitor 
 
 tyrant 
 
 truant 
 
 telephone 
 
 shield 
 
 scrofula 
 
 sausage 
 
 scissors 
 
 synonymous 
 
 steak 
 
 surcingle 
 
 subtle 
 
 salmon 
 
 stereoscope 
 
 synonym 
 
 subpoena 
 
 sturgeon 
 
 singeing 
 
 stupefy 
 
 sergeant 
 
 sardine 
 
 soliloquy 
 
 sylvan 
 
 sapphire 
 
 tortoise 
 
 tranquillity 
 
 tantalize 
 
 typhus 
 
 theatres 
 
 thieving 
 
 talents 
 
 torture 
 
 terrace 
 
 sceptre 
 
 said 
 
 sword 
 
 spinach 
 
 sweat 
 
 scholars 
 
 sincere 
 
 solemn 
 
 sphere 
 
 satchel 
 
 shriek 
 
 sequel 
 
 salary 
 
 surplus 
 
 surplice 
 
 succeed 
 
 sonorous 
 
 sugar 
 
 sympathy 
 
 speedily 
 
 tassels 
 
 tenacious 
 
 thoroughly 
 
 twelfth 
 
 treacle 
 
 thought 
 
 touch 
 
 trouble 
 
 tongue 
 
■77" 
 
 112 
 
 OAOB'S practical 8PRLLBR. 
 
 i 
 
 tomato 
 
 terrier 
 
 threw 
 
 tomahawk 
 
 threshold 
 
 tailor 
 
 trivial 
 
 territories 
 
 tenant 
 
 troche 
 
 toothache 
 
 traveller 
 
 trestle 
 
 "trisyllable 
 
 tremendous 
 
 trespass 
 
 tureen 
 
 trapeze 
 
 triennial 
 
 tentacles 
 
 too, to, and two 
 
 tyranny 
 
 treacherous 
 
 tragedy 
 
 triphthong 
 
 typhoid 
 unchangeable 
 
 tableau 
 
 until 
 
 uneasily 
 
 unparalleled 
 
 union 
 
 unrobing 
 
 undeniable 
 
 undoubted 
 
 universal 
 
 unskilful 
 
 umbrella 
 
 utility 
 
 using 
 
 unsuccessful 
 
 unanimou% 
 
 villain 
 
 valleys 
 
 voice 
 
 village 
 
 volume 
 
 vigilant 
 
 violence 
 
 various 
 
 visible 
 
 variegated 
 
 voluble 
 
 vizier 
 
 vacillating 
 
 view 
 
 volition 
 
 voracious 
 
 victuals 
 
 verdure 
 
 valise 
 
 veins 
 
 vigorous 
 
 vertical 
 
 virtue 
 
 vassal 
 
 vegetable 
 
 vehicle 
 
 vicious 
 
 valiant 
 
 vermicelli 
 
 virtually 
 
 vengeance 
 
 victualler 
 
 very 
 
 wrestle 
 
 wizard 
 
 wilful 
 
 waltz 
 
 woollen 
 
 wondering 
 
vionoa OFTEN misspelled. 
 
 lid 
 
 wield 
 
 wrinkle 
 
 whistle 
 
 wily 
 
 weapon 
 
 yolk 
 yield 
 yacht 
 
 zealous 
 
 wholly 
 
 writing 
 
 witnessed 
 
 worshipped 
 
 Wednesday 
 
 wrapped 
 
 wretch 
 
 whose 
 
 women 
 
 wharf 
 
 yeDman 
 
 yeast 
 
 yawl 
 
 yew 
 
 yearn 
 
 yesterday 
 
 zdphyjT 
 
 zoology ^0> 
 
I 
 
 ^M^MWI*— W**"l " ' w *^' 
 
 \yaAjz - 
 
 ■ I 
 
PART VI. 
 
 Additional list of common words liable to be misspelled, 
 written under the direction of tlie teacher. 
 
 r, ^V-K-im> . • • •>^ . 
 
 .^!lA./:4^':\NU} 
 
 XA^WN 
 
 \\Ar. 
 
 x:^^.l'J>^r^J>;:^y! 
 
 
 5^M-A^7?^.;>.V, 
 
 r (i r 
 
 0^ .'L'v^OviiN \^. 
 
 :^. 
 
 
 W^A^U^v 
 
 3jLWs3^:?y^>. 
 
 y 
 
HI! 
 
 116 
 
 pupil's mistakes. 
 
 ^'^.J^^!^yydrf. L.Vtf.A 
 
 • • • \m cY^v • • • • ^ V 
 
 y\^. 
 
 ,^/a*l,v;.( : . MJuX)J 
 
 1 'V^ ^S ' X. 
 
 • •« r#a ••4***** ** ** 
 
 • • • /VK • • 4 
 
 
 :v£fe... 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 .'ivfJTT'^JW^^ 
 
 J^^julLLl 
 
 i'« i"*'*^ 
 
 • ■ • • "r«AA,i^i •'• '• ''^'^ 
 
 > ■ t-»y • ^a • • • a c^ ■••aaaaa '^f ■••aa<aaa 
 
 \ . .. ' \ I- \ 
 
 •'■A... r 
 
 ....... .\v>»-. 
 
 '• a a "W* ••a»a«****a* 
 
 ;::^. 
 
pupil's mistakes. 
 
 117 
 
 Jl 
 
 ..■^f^^Ajr^' 
 
 dj^.-VrO. 
 
 
 
 
 
 « r 
 
 
 
 
 Y^^fjXM.M\^^ .^... 
 
 (M.QjLcULJUa ! .Vfii:.^y^W.V.Sfi^ 
 
 .-<>■ 
 
I>; : 
 
 I 
 
 118 
 
 PUPIL'S MISTAKES. 
 
 .."^JsaXJS^ 
 
 
 
 
 c^^:iX^. 
 
 
 ^^ a < • • • f • • • • • • 
 
 '.'V\j^.X^. . ...^C^ 
 
 • aV^ k'V* • • ajC • • ■ ^» • • • A» • •••■■••■ 
 
 • ••••• I 
 
 ^ 
 
 •^^)rYWv\./ooO 
 
 ^\vu/u.( , 
 
 -ACU>VWA- 
 
 V5^ec3^ 
 
PART VII. 
 
 ■ •• 
 
 Literary Selections. 
 
 J 
 
 \ 
 
 The selections in Part VII. are intended to be memorized and 
 fecitedy as well as used as dictation lessons. 
 
 In making these selections two objects were kept in view : 
 the inculcation of good moral lessons and literary merit. 
 
 Instead of using the recitation hour for the improvemeni 
 of a few pupils who least require to be trained in the practice 
 of the principles of elocution, thoughtful teachers are uni- 
 formly learning the importance of assigning lessons in recita- 
 tion, as in all other subjects, to all the members of a class. 
 The advantages of such a course are very many. Among 
 them may be named the following : — 
 
 1. Every pupil has his mind stored in early years with a 
 collection of the choicest gems of the literature of his lan- 
 guage. 
 
 2. As all the pupils have prepared the same lesson, each 
 one is able intelligently to take part in the study of the selec- 
 tions in school with a view to their proper recitation. 
 
 3. Pupils can recite simultaneously as well as individually* 
 
 4. The memories of all the pupils will be cultivatea by 
 the practice. 
 

 r 
 
 ;l 
 
 i M 
 
 120 
 
 I' 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 Studying tlie lessons for dictation, and writing them as dic- 
 tation lessons, will aid in committing them to memory. 
 
 The ability to recite a certain number of appropriate selec- 
 tions should be one of the tests for promotion from one class 
 to another. 
 
 »»•»« 
 
 Selections suitable for Pnpils in the Second Reader. 
 
 Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. 
 Tbv kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth, as it is in 
 heaven. Give us this day our daily bread : and forgive us 
 our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us. 
 And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil ; 
 for thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for 
 ever. Amen. — Matt. vi. 9-13. 
 
 I. Thou shalt have no other gods before me. 
 
 II. Thou slialt not make unto thee any graven image, or 
 any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in 
 the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth : 
 thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them : 
 for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the 
 iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third 
 and fourth generation of them that hate me ; and showing 
 mercy unto thousands of them tliat love me, and keep my 
 commandments. 
 
 III. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God 
 ir* vam ; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that takcth 
 his uame in vain. 
 
LITERARY SELECTIONS. 
 
 121 
 
 c- 
 ss 
 
 IV. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days 
 shalt thou labor, and do all thy work : but the seventh day 
 is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God : in it thou shalt not do 
 any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy man- 
 servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger 
 that is within thy gates : for in six days the Lord made heaven 
 and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh 
 day : wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hal- 
 lowed it. 
 
 V. Honor thy father and thy mother: that thy days 
 may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth 
 thee. 
 
 VL Thou shalt not kill. 
 
 VII. Thou shalt not commit adultery. 
 
 VIII. Thou shalt not steal. 
 
 IX. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor. 
 
 X. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, thou shalt 
 not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his man-servant, nor his 
 maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that is thy 
 neighbor's. — Exod. xx. 3-17. 
 
 3. 
 
 Then one of them, which was a lawyer, asked him a ques- 
 tion, tempting him, and saying. 
 
 Master, wliicli is the great commandment in the law ? 
 
 Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God 
 with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy 
 mind. 
 
 This is the first and great commandment. 
 
 And the second is like unto it. Thou shalt love thy 
 neighbor as thyself. 
 
 On these two commandments hang all the ]aw and the 
 prophets. — Matt. xxii. 35-40. 
 
■fi 
 
 ^ 
 
 122 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain : 
 and when he was set, his disciples came unto him : 
 
 And he opened his mouth, and taught them, saying. 
 
 Blessed are the poor in spirit : for theirs is the kingdom of 
 heaven. 
 
 Blessed are they that mourn : for they shall be comforted. 
 
 Blessed are the meek : for they shall inherit the earth. 
 
 Blessed are they whicli do hunger and thirst after right- 
 ousness : for they shall be filled. 
 
 Blessed are the merciful : for they shall obtain mercy. 
 
 Blessed are the pure in heart : for they shall see God. 
 
 Blessed are the peacemakers : for they shall be called the 
 children of God. 
 
 Blessed are they who are persecuted for righteousness* 
 sake : for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 
 
 Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute 
 you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for 
 my sake. 
 
 B^joice, and be exceeding glad : for great is your reward 
 in heaven ; for so persecuted they the prophets which were 
 before you. — Matt. v. 1-12. 
 
 5. 
 
 Beautiful faces are they that wear 
 The light of a pleasant spirit there ; 
 It matters little if dark or fair. 
 
 Beautiful hands are they that do 
 "Deeds that are noble, good, and true ; 
 Busy with them the long day through. 
 
r 
 
 mssm. 
 
 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 
 
 Beautiful feet are they that go 
 Swiftly to lighten another's woe. 
 Through summer's heat or winter's snow; 
 
 Beautiful children, if, rich or poor, 
 They walk the pathways safe and pure. 
 That lead to the mansion strong and sure. 
 
 6. 
 
 Do your best, your very best. 
 
 And do it every day ; 
 Little boys and little girls, 
 
 That is the wisest way. 
 
 Whatever work comes to your hand. 
 At home, abroad, at school, 
 
 Do your best with right good will; 
 It is a golden rule. 
 
 7. 
 
 If you find your task is hard. 
 
 Try, try again ; 
 Time will bring you your reward- 
 
 Try, try again ; 
 All that other folks can do, 
 Why, with patience, should not youP 
 Only keep tiiis rule in view : 
 
 Try, try again. 
 
 193 
 
 Do all the good you can. 
 In all the ways you can. 
 To all the people you can, 
 •lust as long as you can. 
 
': 
 
 124 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 9. 
 
 A word may part the dearest friends, - 
 One little, unkind word, 
 
 Which in some light, unguarded hour 
 The heart with anger stirred. 
 
 A look will sometimes send a pang 
 Of anguish to the heart : 
 
 A tone will often cause the tear 
 In sorrow's eye to start. 
 
 One little act of kindness done. 
 One little kind word spoken. 
 
 Hath power to make a thrill of joy 
 E'en in a heart that 's broken. 
 
 10. 
 
 Only a drop in the bucket. 
 But every drop will tell ; 
 
 The bucket soon would be empty. 
 Without a drop in the well. 
 
 Only a poor little penny, — 
 It was all I had to give ; 
 
 But as pennies make the dollars. 
 It may help some cause to live. 
 
 God loveth the cheerful giver, 
 'Though the gift be poor and small; 
 
 What does he think of his children 
 When they never give at all ? 
 
 11. 
 
 *T is beirtff, and doinff, 
 And having, that make 
 
 All the pleasures and pains 
 Of which beings partake. 
 
r 
 
 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 125 
 
 To de what God pleases. 
 
 To do a man's best. 
 And to have a good heart. 
 
 Is the way to be bluest. — Peter Parl^. 
 
 12. 
 
 " I Can't " is a sluggard, too lazy to work ; 
 From duty he shrinks, every task he will shirk ; 
 No bread on his board and no meal in his bag ; 
 His house is a ruin, his coat is a rag. 
 
 " I Can " is a worker ; he tills the broad fields. 
 And digs from the earth all the wealth that it yields; 
 The hum of his spindle begins with the light. 
 And the fires of his forges are blazing all night. 
 
 13. 
 
 Hearts, like doors, can ope with ease 
 
 To very, very little keys ; 
 And don't foi^et that they are these : 
 
 " I thank you, sir," and, " If you please." 
 
 Then let us watch these little things. 
 
 And so respect each other ; 
 That not a word, or look, or tone. 
 
 May wound a friend or brother. 
 
 14. 
 
 Dare to be honest, good, and sincere, 
 
 Dare to please God, and you never need fear. 
 
 Dare to be brave in the cause of the right. 
 Dare with the enemy ever to fight. 
 
 Dare to be loving and patient each day, 
 Dare speak the truth whatever you say. 
 
 
,1 
 
 r 
 
 126 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLEH. 
 
 Dare to be gentle and orderly too, 
 Dare shun the evil, whatever you do. 
 
 Dare to speak kindly, and ever be true. 
 
 Dare to do right, and you 'II find your way through. 
 
 15. 
 
 Count that day lost 
 
 Whose low descending sun 
 Views from thy hand 
 
 No worthy action done. 
 
 16. 
 
 Be good, my friend, and let who will be clever ; 
 
 l)o noble things, not dream them all day long, 
 And so make life, death, and that vast forever^ 
 
 One grahd, sweet song, 
 
 17. 
 
 I live for those wlio love me, 
 
 For those w ho know me true. 
 For the heaven that smiles above me. 
 
 And a waits my spirit too ; 
 For the cause that lacks assistance, 
 For the wrong that needs resistance. 
 For the future in the distance, 
 
 And the good that I can do. v 
 
 la 
 
 Over and over again, 
 
 No matter which way I turn, 
 I always find in the book of life 
 
 Some lesson that I must learn ; 
 I must take my turn at the mill, 
 
 I must grind out the golden grain, 
 I must work at my task with a resolute will. 
 
 Over and over a^ain. 
 
tlTERARY SELECTIONS. 
 
 127 
 
 19. 
 
 Dare to do right ! dare to be true ! 
 The failings of others can never save you ; 
 Stand by your conscience, your honor, your faith. 
 Stand like a hero, and battle till death. 
 
 20. 
 
 Do what conscience says is right ; 
 
 Do what reason says is best ; 
 Do with all your mind and might ; 
 
 ho your duty, and be blest. 
 
 2L 
 
 Speak gently, kindly, to the poor; 
 
 Let no harsh term be heard ; 
 They have enough they must endure, 
 
 Without an unkind word. — 2)«yiV/ Bata, 
 
 22. 
 
 I count this thing to be grandly true, 
 Tliat a noble deed is a step toward God, 
 Lifting the soul from the common sod 
 
 To a purer air and a broader view. — /. G. Holland. 
 
 23. 
 
 A little word in kindness spoken, 
 
 A motion, or a tear, 
 Has often healed the heart that 's broken, 
 
 And made a friend sincere. 
 
 A word — a look — has crushed to earth 
 
 Full many a budding flower, 
 Which, had a smile but owned its birth, 
 
 Would bless life's darkest hour. 
 
 ill 
 
 I'l 
 
 V 
 
128 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 Then deem it not an idle thing 
 
 A pleasant word to speak ; 
 The face you wear, the thoughts you bring, 
 
 A heart may heal or break. — Colemorthjf, 
 
 24. 
 
 Within this ample volume lies 
 The mystery of mysteries ; 
 Happiest they of human race 
 To whom their God has given grace 
 To read, to fear, to hope, to pray. 
 To lift the latch, to force the way ; 
 And better had they ne'er been born. 
 That read to doubt, or read to scorn. 
 
 Walter Scott. 
 25. 
 
 Thou truest friend man ever knew. 
 Thy constancy I 've tried ; 
 
 When all were false, I found thee true. 
 My counsellor and guide. 
 
 The mines of earth no treasures give 
 That could this volume buy ; 
 
 In teaching me the way to live. 
 It taught me how to die. — George P. Morris. 
 
 26. 
 
 " No God ! no God ! " The simplest flower 
 
 That on the wild is found 
 Shrinks as it drinks its cup of dew. 
 
 And trembles at the sound. 
 " No God ! " astonished Echo cries 
 
 From out her cavern hoar ; 
 And every wandering bird that flies 
 
 Reproves the atheist lore. 
 

 LITEUAKY SELECTIONS. 
 
 27. 
 
 129 
 
 If men were wise ia little things. 
 
 Affecting less in all their dealings, ^ 
 If hearts had fewer rusted strings 
 
 To isolate their kindly feelings, — 
 If men, when Wrong beats down the Right, 
 Would strike together and restore it, — 
 If Right made Might 
 In every fight, — 
 The world would be the better for it. — W. H. Cobb. 
 
 2a 
 
 A mother's love, how sweet the name ! 
 
 What is a mother's love ? 
 A noble, pure, and tender flame. 
 
 Enkindled from above, 
 To bless a heart of earthly mould, — • 
 The warmest love that can grow cold, 
 
 This is a mother's love. — Montgomery. 
 
 29. 
 
 He prayeth well who loveth well 
 
 Both man and bird and beast ; 
 He prayeth best who loveth best 
 
 All tilings, both great and small ; 
 For the dear God, who loveth us, 
 
 He made and loveth all, — Coleridge. 
 
 30. 
 
 Rest not ! Life is sweeping by ; 
 Go and dare before you die. 
 Something mighty and sublime 
 Leave behind to conquer time ; 
 
 Glorious 't is to live for aye, 
 
 When these forms have passed away. ^, Ooetkt. 
 
 
130 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 3L 
 
 For God lias marked each sorrowing day, 
 
 Aud numbered every secret tear. 
 And heaven's long years of bliss shall pay 
 
 For all his children suffer here. — W. C. Bryant. 
 
 32. 
 
 Beware the bowl ! though rich aud bright 
 Its rubies flash upon the sight. 
 An adder coils its depths beneath. 
 Whose lure is woe, whose sting is death. 
 
 Alfred B. Street. 
 
 Selections for Classes in tlie Tlilrd Book. 
 
 God hath a presence, and that you may see 
 
 In the fold of the flower, the leaf of the tree ; 
 
 In the sun of the noonday, the star of the night ; 
 
 In the storm-cloud of darkness, the rainbow of light ; 
 
 In the waves of the ocean, the furrows of land ; 
 
 In the mountain of granite, the atom of sand ; 
 
 Turn where you may, from the sky to the sod. 
 
 Where can ye gaze that ye see not a God P — Eliza Cook 
 
 The quality of mercy is not strained, 
 It droppeth as the gentle rain from heav'cn 
 Upon the place beneath : it is twice blest ; 
 It blesseth him that gives and him that takes : 
 'T is mightiest in the mightiest : it becomes 
 The throned monarch better than his crown : 
 It \s an attribute to God himself, 
 
^ 
 
 LITERARY SELECTIONS. Igj 
 
 And earthly power doth then show likest God's 
 When mercy seasons justice. Consider this, 
 That, in the course of justice, none of us 
 Should see salvation: wc do jjrny for mercy; 
 And that same prayer dotli teach us all to render 
 The deeds of mercy. — Shakespeare. 
 
 We live in deeds, not years, —in thoughts, not breaths,— 
 In fcelinge, not in figures on a dial ; — 
 We should count time by heart-throbs. He most lives 
 Who thinks most, — feels the noblest, — acts the best. 
 
 Bailey. 
 4. 
 
 God moves in a mysterious way. 
 
 His wonders to perform ; 
 He plants his footsteps in the sea. 
 
 And rides upon the storm. 
 
 Deep in unfathomable mines 
 
 Of never-failing skill, 
 He treasures up his bright designs. 
 
 And works his sovereign will. 
 
 Ye fearful saints, fresh courage take ; , 
 
 The clouds ye so much dread 
 . Are big with mercy, and shall break 
 In blessings on your head. — Coioper. 
 
 5. 
 
 Judge not the Lord by feeble sense. 
 
 But trust him for his grace ; 
 Behind a frowning Providence 
 
 He hides a smiling face. 
 
 ' i 
 
■ii 
 
 
 132 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 His purposes will ripen fast, 
 
 Unfolding every hour ; 
 The bud mav have a bitter taste. 
 
 But sweet will be the flower. 
 
 Blind unbelief is sure to err. 
 
 And sean his work in vain ; 
 Grod is his own interpreter. 
 
 And he will make it plain. — Cowper. 
 
 6. 
 
 Press on ! surmouut the rocky steeps; 
 
 Climb boldly o'er the torrent's arch ; 
 He fails alone who feebly creeps, 
 
 He wins who dares the hero's marelL 
 Be thou a hero ! let thy might 
 
 Tramp on eternal snows its way ; 
 And through the ebon w.ills of night 
 
 Hew down a passage unto day. 
 
 7. 
 
 The heights by great men reached and kept 
 Were not attained by sudden flight, 
 
 But they, while their companions slept, 
 
 Were toiling upward in the night. — Longfellow, 
 
 Nothing is greater sacrilege than to prostitute the great 
 name of God to the petulancy of an 'die tongue. — Jeremy 
 Taylor. 
 
 9. 
 
 The Devil tempts men through their ambition, their cu- 
 pidity, or their appetite, until he comes to the profane 
 swearer, whom he catches without any reward. — Horace 
 Mann. 
 
LITERARY SELECTIONS. 
 
 133 
 
 10. 
 
 The foolish and wicked practice of profane cursing and 
 swearing is a vice so mean and low, that every person of 
 sense and character detests and despises it. — George Wash- 
 ' ^ton. 
 
 Who is thy neighbor ? He whom thou 
 
 Hast power to aid or bless ; 
 Whose aching head or burning brow 
 
 Thy soothing hand may press. 
 
 Thy neighbor is the fainting poor. 
 
 Whose eye with want is dim ; 
 O, enter then his humble door 
 
 With aid and peace for him. 
 
 Thy neighbor ? Pass no mourner by 
 
 Perhaps thou canst redeem 
 A breaking heart from misery ; — 
 
 Go, share thy lot with him. 
 
 12. 
 
 A cheerful temper, joined with innocence, will make beauty 
 attractive, knowledge delighttul, and wit good-natured. It 
 will lighten sickness, 'overty, and affliction, convert igno- 
 rance into an amiable simplicity, and render deformity itself 
 agreeable. — Addison. 
 
 13. 
 
 God is glorified, not by our groans, but our thanksgivings ; 
 and all good thought and good action claim a natural alliance 
 with good cheer. — E. P. Whipple. 
 
 14. 
 
 To be happy, the passions must be cheerful and gay, not 
 gloomy and meluncholy. A propensity to hope and joy is 
 real riches ; one to fear and sorrow, real poverty. — Rwme. 
 
 n 
 
 \ 
 
w 
 
 134 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 mi 
 
 15. 
 
 Ciying's a certain mark of cowardice ; 
 And when the tongue forgets its honesty. 
 The heart and liand may drop their functions, too. 
 And nothing worthy be resolved or done. 
 
 Thomas Southern, 
 16. 
 Work ! and pure slumbers shall wait on thy pillow ; 
 Work ! thou shalt ride over care's coming billow. 
 Lie not down wearied 'neath woe's weeping willow. 
 Work with a stout heart and resolute will ! 
 Work for some good, be it ever so slowly ; 
 Work for some hope, be it ever so lowly ; 
 Work ! for all labor is noble and holy ! — Mrs. Osgood. 
 
 17. 
 
 We count the Scriptures of God to be the most sublime 
 philosophy. I find more marks of authenticity in the Bible 
 than in any profane history whatever. — Isaac Newton. 
 
 la 
 
 The Bible contains more true sublimity, more exquisite 
 beauty, more pure morality, more important history, and 
 finer strains of poetry and eloquence, than can be collected 
 from all other books, in whatever age or language they have 
 been written. — Sir William Jones. 
 
 19. 
 
 Life should be full of earnest work, 
 Our hearts undashed by fortune's frown j 
 Let perseverance conquer fate, 
 And merit seize the victor's crown. 
 The battle is not to the strong. 
 The race not always to the fleet ; 
 And he who seeks to pluck the stars 
 Will lose the jewels at his feet. — P. Carjf. 
 
LITERARY SELECTIONS. 
 
 20. 
 
 Sweet clime of my kindred, blest laud of my birth I 
 The fairest, the dearest, the brightest on earth ! 
 Where'er I may roam, howe'er blest I may be. 
 My spirit instinctively turns unto thee ! 
 
 21. 
 
 In the world's broad field of battle. 
 
 In the bivouac of Life, 
 Be not like dumb, driven cattle I 
 
 Be a hero in the strife ! 
 Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant ! 
 Let the dead Past bury its dead ! 
 Act, — act in the living Present I 
 
 Heart within, and God o'erhead. 
 Lives of great men all remind us 
 
 We can make our lives sublime. 
 And, departing, leave behind us 
 
 Footprints on the sands of time ; ^ 
 Footprints that perhaps another. 
 Sailing o'er life's solemn main, 
 A forlorn and shipwrecked brother. 
 
 Seeing, shall take heart again. 
 Let us, then, be up and doing. 
 
 With a heart for any fate ; 
 Still achieving, still pursuing, 
 Learn to labor and to wait. — Longfellow 
 
 22. 
 
 At evening to myselt I say, 
 
 Where hast thou been and gleaned to-day,— 
 
 Thy labors how bestowed ? 
 What hast thou rightly said or done P 
 What grace attained, and knowledge won^ 
 In following after God ? — Charles Wclley. 
 
 135 
 
m^ 
 
 136 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 I '■ 
 
 23. 
 
 W^ords of kindness we have spoken 
 
 May, when we have passed away, 
 Heal, perhaps, a spirit broken, 
 
 Guide a brother led astray. — /. Hageit. 
 
 Speak gently ! 't is a little thing. 
 
 Dropped in the heart's deep well ; 
 The good, the joy, that it may bring, 
 
 Eternity shall tell. — T). Bates. 
 
 24. 
 
 Though waves and storms go o'er :iy head. 
 Though strength, and health, ana iilends be gone; 
 
 Though joys be withered all and dead. 
 And every comfort be withdrawn : 
 
 On this my steadfast soul relies, — 
 
 Father, thy mercy never dies. — Wealq^, 
 
 25. 
 
 Thou art, O God, the life and light 
 
 Of all this wondrous world we see ; 
 Its glow by day, its smile by night. 
 
 Are but reflections caught from thee. 
 Where'er we turn, thy glories shine. 
 And all things fair and bright are thine. 
 
 TAomas Moore, 
 26. 
 Hours are golden links, God's token. 
 Reaching heaven ; but one by one 
 Take them, lest the chain be broken 
 Ere thy pilgrimage be done. 
 
 Adelaide A. Procter. 
 Zl. 
 O God ! that men should put an enemy in their mouths to 
 steal away their brains ! — Shakespeare. 
 
LITEKARY SELECTIONS. 
 
 28. 
 
 137 
 
 The habit of using ardent spirits by men in office has occa- 
 s oned more injury to the pubhc and more trouble to me than 
 
 ttn!r-'T'« "^ ""'-' ^ *' ^^'"'"^"^^ myadministra- 
 tion again, the first question I would ask respecting a can. 
 
 didate for office would be, "Does he use ardent spirits?'^ 
 
 Thomas Jefferson. 
 
 29. 
 
 Greatness of any kind has no greater foe than a habit of 
 drinking. — Walier Scott. 
 
 30. 
 
 These are tlie great of earth, — 
 Great not by kingly birth. 
 Great in their well-proved worth, 
 Firm hearts and true. — /. Pierpont 
 
 31. 
 
 Temperance and labor are the two best physicians of man- 
 labor sharpens the appetite, and temperance prevents him 
 from indulging to excess. — Rousseau. 
 
 32. 
 
 Work for the good that is Highest; 
 
 Dream not of greatness afar ; 
 That glory is ever the highest 
 
 Wiiich shines upon men as they are. 
 Work, though the world would defeat you; 
 
 Heed not its slander and scorn ; 
 Nor weary till angels siiall greet you 
 
 With smiles through the gates of the mom. 
 
 W. M. PuMhom^ 
 
1S8 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 33. 
 
 True worth is in being, not seeming, — 
 
 In doing each day that goes by 
 Some little good, not in dreaming 
 
 Of great things to do by and by ; 
 For, :vhatever men say in their blindness. 
 
 And spite of the fancies of youth, 
 There is nothing so kingly as kindness. 
 
 And nothing so royal as truth, 
 
 Alice Carjf, 
 
 3-i 
 
 The rose, which in the sun's bright rays 
 
 Might soon Itive v^roope-^ "wd perished, 
 With grateful scent tliu slio";ycr repays 
 
 By wiiich its life is cherished : 
 And thus have e'en the young in years 
 
 Found flowers within that flourish. 
 And yield a fragrance fed by tears, 
 
 That sunshine could not nourish. 
 
 Bernard Barton, 
 
 35. 
 
 One by one the sands are flowing, 
 
 One by one the moments fall ; 
 Some are coming, some are going ; 
 
 Do not strive to grasp them all. 
 
 One by one thy duties wait thee, 
 Let thy whole strength go to each ; 
 
 Let no future dreams elate thee, — 
 Learn thou first what these can teach. 
 
 Adelaide A. Procter, 
 
LITERARY SELECTIONS. 
 
 13d 
 
 Selections for Classes in Fonrth and Fifth Books. 
 
 1. 
 
 We rise by things that are 'neath our feet ; 
 
 By what we have mastered of good and gain ; 
 
 By the pride deposed, and the passion slain, ' 
 And the vanquished ills that we hourly meet. 
 
 J.G. Holland. 
 2. 
 
 It may not be our lot to wield 
 
 The sickle iu the ripened field. 
 
 Nor ours to hear on summer eves 
 
 The reaper's song among the sheaves-, 
 
 Yet where our duty's task is wrought 
 
 In unison with God's great thought, 
 
 The near and future blend in one. 
 
 And whatsoe'er is willed is done. — WMttUr. 
 
 3. 
 
 There 's a wideuess iu God's mercy 
 
 Like the widcncss of the sea ; 
 There's a kindness in his justice, 
 ' Which is more than liberty. 
 
 For the love of God is broader 
 
 Than the measure of man's mind ; 
 And the heart of the Eternal 
 
 Is most wonderfully kind. — F. W. Faher. 
 
 4. 
 
 The fairest action of our human life f 
 
 Is scorning to revenge an injury ; ! 
 
 For who forgives, without a further strife. 
 His adversary's heart to him doth tie. i 
 
 And 'tis a firmer conquest, truly said. 
 To win the heart, than overthrow the head. 
 
 i H; 
 
 •1 
 
 If 
 
140 
 
 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 il 
 
 5. 
 
 The day is drawing to its close, 
 
 And what good deeds, since first it rose, 
 
 Have I presented, Lord, to thee P 
 What wrongs repressed, what rights maintained, 
 What struggles passed, what victories gained, 
 What good attempted and attained. 
 
 As offerings of my ministry? — Lon^ellow. 
 
 6. 
 
 Be wise to-day ; 't is madness to defer ; 
 
 Next day the fatal precedent will plead ; 
 
 Thus on, till wisdom is pushed out of life. 
 
 Procrastination is the thief of time ; 
 
 Year after year it steals, till all are fled. 
 
 And to the mercies of a moment leaves 
 
 The vast concerns of an eternal scene. — Young. 
 
 7. 
 
 Whene'er a noble deed is wrought. 
 Whene'er is spoken a noble thought. 
 
 Our hearts in glad surprise 
 
 To higher levels rise. 
 The tidal wave of deeper souls . 
 Into our inmost being rolls. 
 
 And lifts us unawares 
 
 Out of all meaner cares. — Lonyfellow, 
 
 8. 
 
 Truth, crushed to earth, shall rise again ; 
 
 The eternal years of God are hers : 
 But Error, wounded, writhes with pain, 
 
 And dies among his worshippers. — Biyani. 
 
LTTEBART SELBOTIONS. 
 
 141 
 
 9. 
 
 Speak geutly to the erring : O, do not thou foi^et, 
 However darkly stained by sin, he is thy brother yet ! 
 Heir of the selfsame heritage, child of the selfsame God, 
 He hath but stumbled in the path thou hast in weakness trod. 
 
 F. C. Lee. 
 10. 
 Rouse to some work of high and holy love. 
 And thou an angel's happiness shalt know, — 
 Shalt bless the earth while in the world above : 
 The good begun by thee shall onward flow 
 In many a branching stream, and wider grow ; 
 The seed, that in those few and fleeting hours 
 Thy hands unsparing and unwearied sow. 
 Shall deck thy grave with amaranthine flowers. 
 And yield thee fruits divine in heaven's immortal bowers. 
 
 C. Wilcox. 
 11. 
 The lesson which the many-colored skies. 
 The flowers, and leaves, and painted butterflies. 
 The deer's branched antlers, the gay bird that flings 
 The tropic sunshine from its golden wings, 
 The brightness of the human countenance. 
 Its play of smile, the magic of a glance. 
 For evermore repeat, 
 In varied tones and sweet. 
 That beauty, in and of itself, is good. — Whittier. 
 
 12. 
 
 I would not waste my spring of youth 
 In idle dalliance ; I would plant rich seeds 
 To blossom in my manhood, and bear fruit 
 When I am old. /. A. Hillhouat. 
 
142 GAGE'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 13. 
 
 Let us be patient ! These severe afflictions 
 
 Not from the ground arise, 
 But oftentimes celestial benedictions 
 
 Assume this dark disguise. 
 
 We see but dimly through the mists and vapors; 
 
 Amid these earthly damps. 
 What seem to us but sad, funereal tapers 
 
 May be heaven's distant lamps. — LongfelUm. 
 
 14. 
 
 No man is bom into the world whose work 
 Is not bom with him ; there is always work. 
 And tools to work withal, for these who will; 
 And blessed are the homy hands of toil. 
 
 J. R. Lowell. 
 15. 
 
 There *s nothing bright, above, below, 
 
 From flowers that bloom to stars that glow. 
 
 But in its light my soul can see 
 
 Some feature of thy Deity ! 
 
 There 's nothing dark, below, above. 
 But in its gloom I trace thy love ; 
 And meekly wait that moment, when 
 Thy touch shall turn all bright again. 
 
 Thonuu Moore* 
 
 16. 
 
 The Lord is my shepherd ; I shall not want. 
 
 He maketh me to lie down in green pastures : he leadeth 
 me beside the still waters. 
 
 He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of 
 righteousness for his name's sake. 
 
LITERARY SELECTIONS. 
 
 148 
 
 Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of 
 death, I will fear no evil : for thou art with me ; tky rod and 
 thy staff they comfort me. 
 
 Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine 
 enemies : thou anointest my head with oil ; my cup runneth 
 over. 
 
 Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days 
 of my life : and I will dwell in the house of the Lord for- 
 ever. — Psalm xxiil 
 
 17. 
 
 Take heed that ye do not your alms before men, to be 
 seen of them : otherwise ye have no reward of your Father 
 which is in heaven. 
 
 Therefore when thou doest thine alms, do not sound a 
 trumpet before thee, as the hypocrites do m the synagogues 
 and in the streets, that they may have glory of men. Verily 
 I say unto you, They have their reward. 
 
 But when thou doest alms, let not thy left hand know what 
 thy right hand doeth : 
 
 That thine alms may be in secret : and thy Father which 
 seeth in secret himself shall reward thee openly. 
 
 And when thou prayest, thou shalt not be as the hypocrites 
 are : for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and in 
 the comers of the streets, that they may be seen of men. 
 Verily I say unto you. They have their reward. 
 
 But thou, when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and 
 when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is 
 in secret ; and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward 
 thee openly. 
 
 But when ye pray, use not vain repetitions, as the heathen 
 do : for they think that they shall be heard for their much 
 
 
144 
 
 axaS'S PRACTICAL SPELLER. 
 
 B« not Ye therefore like unto them : for your Father 
 knoweth wnat things ye have need of, before ye ask him. — ' 
 Mait. vi. 1-8. 
 
 la 
 
 Be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love ; 
 in honor preferring one another ; 
 
 Not slothful in business; fervent in spirit; serving the 
 Lord; 
 
 Rejoicing in hope ; patient in tribulation ; continuing instant 
 in prayer ; 
 
 Distributing to the necessity of saints; given to hospi- 
 tality. 
 
 Bless them which persecute you : bless, and curse not. 
 
 Rejoice with them that do rejoice, and weep with them 
 that weep. 
 
 Be of the same mind one toward another. Mind not high 
 things, but condescend to men of low estate. Be not wise 
 in your own conceits. 
 
 Recompense to no man evil for evil. Provide things hon- 
 est in the sight of all men. 
 
 If it be possible, as much as lieth in you, live peaceably 
 with all men. 
 
 Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give 
 place unto wrath: for it is written. Vengeance is mine; I 
 will repay, saith the Lord. 
 
 Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him ; if he thirst, 
 give him drink : for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire 
 on his head. 
 
 Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good. 
 Rom, xii. 10-21 • 
 
PART VIII. 
 
 ETYMOLOGY. 
 
 PREFIXES. 
 
 
 Exercises on the primary and secondary meanings 
 of derivatives formed by Prefixes. 
 
 The paplls should be required to write sImUar examples under each 
 ol the prefixes. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon Prefixes (arranged alphabetically). 
 Pbbfix. Meamiko. Debitatives. 
 
 {agrronnd 
 ahead 
 
 be 
 
 en 
 
 to make rbegnlle 
 
 about 1 beset 
 
 by or in tbelow 
 
 to malu rennoble 
 
 inotinto \embalm 
 
 LrrERAi. 
 Meaning. 
 
 on ground 
 at the head 
 
 to use guile 
 
 to set about 
 in a lower place 
 
 to make noble 
 toput in balsam 
 
 Secondary 
 Meaning. 
 
 stranded— stopped 
 
 forward — further 
 on 
 
 to amuse — to de- 
 ceive 
 to enclose 
 inferior in rank 
 
 to elevate — to 
 
 exalt 
 to preserve 
 
 ; 
 
146 
 
 PREFIXES. 
 
 Prefdl Meanimo. Derivativbb. 
 fir not 
 
 hefOTt 
 
 fore 
 
 mil 
 but 
 
 over 
 
 u 
 
 /forsake 
 
 r forerunner 
 
 ill or r mislay 
 
 wrong \ 
 
 above or /outpost 
 
 beyond \ 
 
 above, too /overshadow 
 
 much \ 
 
 LnVBAL 
 
 Mkanino. 
 not to seek 
 
 one who runs 
 before 
 
 to lay in a 
 wrong place 
 
 a place beyond 
 lb 
 
 SlOOMDARV 
 
 Mkanino. 
 
 to leave— to aban* 
 don 
 
 a herald — messen- 
 Ker 
 
 to lose 
 
 not 
 
 under beneath 
 with from 
 
 unmanly 
 f underhand 
 
 r withhold 
 
 [he camp 
 
 Djpll 
 
 doi 
 not manly 
 
 to place a sba- 
 low over 
 
 beneath the 
 band 
 
 to hold ftom 
 
 a picket or guard 
 
 to shield— to pro- 
 tect 
 
 cowardly— mean 
 
 sly, or clandestine 
 
 to hinder, or pre- 
 vent 
 
 Classic Prefixes (arranged alphabetically). 
 
 Latin. 
 
 a, ab or from 
 abs 
 
 ad, ae, 
 af,al,aii, to 
 ap or ar 
 
 ante b^ore 
 eiroam around 
 
 eon, CO, 
 
 ool, oon together 
 
 orear 
 
 Tabsolve 
 -c abjure 
 
 /advance 
 4 affiance 
 
 Uppiy 
 
 { 
 
 ante- 
 chamber 
 
 { 
 
 circumvent 
 
 /concourse 
 J connive 
 coincide 
 
 • 
 
 to loose fh>m 
 to swear away 
 from 
 
 to move to the 
 
 van 
 to give faith to 
 
 to fold to 
 
 a chamber be- 
 fore the chief 
 one 
 
 to come rounri 
 another 
 
 a running to- 
 gether 
 
 to wink to- 
 gether 
 
 to fall in to- 
 
 to pardon 
 to abandon 
 
 to promote— to im- 
 prove 
 
 to promise In mar* 
 riage 
 
 to use— to ask 
 
 a waiting room 
 
 to cheat 
 
 a multitude 
 
 to overlook a fault 
 
 to agree 
 
ETTMOLOGT, OR THE DERIVATION OP WORDS. 147 
 PasFix. Mbanino. Obrivativks. 
 
 Literal 
 Meaning. 
 
 Seoondabt 
 Meaning 
 
 eontra, 
 oonnter **sain8t 
 
 ^contraband against the smuggled 
 
 proclamation 
 counteract to act against to hinder 
 counterfeit to make against to Imitate — to 
 
 feign 
 
 de 
 
 doton or 
 from 
 
 rdedde 
 -j deviate 
 
 to cut down to end— to settle 
 to go from the to err— to stray 
 
 way '' 
 
 dii or di apart 
 
 '•'i*'^'' out Of 
 
 extra beyond 
 
 in, ilCflHn, on, or 
 or it ^*''* 
 
 { 
 
 disturb to put a crowd to stir— to agitate 
 
 ,., ,, ,, asunder 
 
 dilapidation stones falling ruin— decay 
 apart 
 
 /"expedite 
 
 •< eccentric 
 I educate 
 
 to take the feet to hasten or 
 
 0"t , quicken 
 
 out of the centre odd— peculiar 
 to lead out to train ~ to in- 
 
 struct 
 
 inter 
 intro 
 
 between 
 within 
 
 /extravagant wandering be- wasteful— wild 
 I yond 
 
 {indorse to write on the to sign-to agree 
 
 back 
 
 inspect to look info to examine 
 
 impede to put the feet in to hinder 
 
 /intercourse to run between fellowship— 
 
 ob,oe,of, agalnetor 
 Op,fto, in way of' 
 
 introduce 
 
 'object 
 occur 
 
 offer 
 
 per 
 
 post 
 pre 
 
 pro 
 
 through 
 
 after 
 bcff^^e 
 
 /perish 
 \ perennial 
 
 communication 
 
 to lead within to make acquainted 
 
 to throw against to find fault 
 
 to run in way of to happen — to ap- 
 
 pear 
 to put in way of to present — to 
 
 give 
 
 to go through to die-to wither 
 through the year lasting— perpetual 
 
 postpone to place after 
 premature before ripe 
 
 forth or /Project 
 forward 1 
 
 something 
 thrown for- 
 ward 
 
 delay 
 
 too soon, or hasty 
 
 a plan, or scheme 
 
 Ka 
 
148 
 
 PREFIXES. 
 
 Pbefcc. Meandio. Debiyahves. 
 
 LiTESAL 
 
 Mbamino. 
 
 Sboondab? 
 Mbanino. 
 
 ^etro 
 sine 
 
 back or 
 again 
 
 {redeem 
 reform 
 
 to bay back to save 
 to form again to improve — to 
 amend 
 
 bacTcward8 retrofirrade to step backward to become- worse 
 
 aside or 
 from 
 
 without 
 
 sab, saot 
 
 sax or under 
 
 sap 
 
 saper or above or 
 sar over 
 
 trans 
 
 ' ^ .across or 
 tra, trar beyond 
 or tres 
 
 ultra beyond 
 
 Gbeek. 
 a or an without 
 
 {secede 
 seduce 
 
 /sinecure 
 
 Tsubmlt 
 Isuccor 
 
 (superfluous 
 superlative 
 survive 
 
 to firo aside 
 to lead from 
 
 without care 
 
 to send under 
 to run under 
 
 flowing over 
 
 jarrled above 
 to live over 
 
 translate to bear across 
 
 traduce 
 traffic 
 trespass 
 transcend 
 
 /ultramon- 
 \ tane 
 
 /apathy 
 \ anarchy 
 
 to lead across 
 to make across to trade 
 to pass across to sin 
 to climb beyond to excel 
 
 to leave 
 
 to corrupt— to de- 
 prave 
 
 an office without 
 service 
 
 to yield — o re- 
 sign 
 to help— to aid 
 
 abundant — 
 
 needless 
 highest — best 
 to remain 
 
 to interpret — to 
 express in the 
 words of an- 
 other language 
 
 to slander 
 
 beyond the 
 mountain 
 
 foreign 
 
 without feeling coldness 
 without rule confusion 
 
 amphi bothsidei J **'^® 
 
 /amphithe- theatre on both ground sloping 
 
 or ambi or two 
 
 ambiguous 
 
 sides 
 
 driving two 
 ways 
 
 {anathema 
 analyze 
 
 •««Ia» against or fantldote 
 "St oppotite \ 
 »»* to lantarctlo 
 
 S 
 
 laced op 
 loose back 
 
 upwards all 
 round 
 doubtful — uncer- 
 tain 
 
 devoted— a curse 
 to solve — to ex- 
 amine thor- 
 oughly 
 
 ^ven against 
 
 opposite to arotlo 
 
 a care for poison-" 
 a remedy 
 
ETYMOLOGY, OB THE DERIVATION OF WORDS. 
 Prefix. MEANmo. Derivatives. 
 apo or ,_ -^ 
 
 U9 
 
 LlTERAI. 
 
 Meaning. 
 
 Seoondabt 
 Meanino. 
 
 Japologrlze 
 i. aphelion 
 
 to reason away to defend 
 
 from 
 from the san 
 
 eata down 
 dia through 
 
 «norem in 
 
 " eph** ^'^''' °^ "*°" 
 wore*, out 
 hyper heyonA 
 
 hypo under 
 
 /catechise 
 
 /diarrhoea 
 
 renergy 
 \ empiric 
 
 to sound down, to teach— to aues- 
 or in the ear tion 
 
 a flowin, 
 throug 
 
 name of a dis- 
 ease 
 
 Inward power force — spirit 
 one skilled in a quack, or pre- 
 practice alone tender 
 
 yepitorae 
 
 lephemerai for a day 
 
 a catting upon, an abridgment 
 as a book 
 
 brief, or short 
 
 exegesis a leading out 
 
 {hyperborean beyond the 
 north 
 
 an explanation 
 cold, frigid 
 
 /hyprocrite one under a a feigner— dis- 
 l mask sembler 
 
 meta or _^,-_ 
 meth *v«er 
 
 /metnhyslcs after physics 
 \ method after a way 
 
 mental science 
 order 
 
 para 
 
 tide by 
 aide 
 
 peri 
 
 round 
 
 ''parable 
 paradigm 
 
 parasite 
 
 ^period the way round stated time, or 
 
 peripatetics followers of 
 
 Aristotle, who 
 taught walk- 
 ing about 
 
 thrown side by a comparison 
 
 something a model, or ex- 
 shown side ample 
 by side 
 
 one near for a flatterer 
 food 
 
 /"synod 
 ■yn, eyl together, J syllable 
 
 with 
 
 a going to- 
 gether 
 
 a taking to- 
 gether 
 
 an ecclesiastical 
 assembly 
 
 a distinct utter- 
 ance 
 
 or eym 
 The prefixes, meto and imra, have dlflferent shades of meaning. 
 
 gether ance 
 
 symphony a sounding to- agreement 
 V gether 
 
150 
 
 l^ttEFIXKS. 
 
 AFFIXES.— (Sometimes called postfixes or suffixes.) 
 
 AflBxes are letters or syllables placed at the end of a word to modify 
 Its meaning. 
 
 The affixes usually determine the part of speech to which the words 
 they form belong, and therefore may be arranged according to the 
 classes of words formed by their aid. 
 
 Some terminations have several meanings, and are used in forming 
 different parts of speech— as, ate, in captivate and potentate; mA, in 
 burn<«A and blackt«A ; en, in weaken and wooden. 
 
 The same word is often used for the act and the oduct ; the state and 
 the quality ; the place where and the practice of some art in it— as, 
 formation, animate, surgery. 
 
 Affixes which form Nouns. 
 
 1. AlBxes wtaleh demote the person who acts* or who is. 
 
 4n||rIo-)Si>a;on— ar, and, er, yer, ster. Classic— an, ant, ary, ate, ee, eer, 
 
 ent, ic, ist, ite, ive, or. 
 
 Liar, one who tells lies. 
 Coward, one who is afraid. 
 Antiquary, one who studies old 
 
 things. 
 Patentee, one to whom a patent is 
 
 granted. 
 Oculist, one who professes to cure 
 
 the eye. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Vagrant, one who wanders. 
 Mountaineer, one who lives among 
 
 the mountains. 
 Favorite, one who is favored. 
 Captive, one who is taken in 
 
 war. 
 Gamester, one who gambles. 
 
 The pupil should be required to explain the following list of words, 
 under each class, in a similiar manner :— 
 
 ftt beggar, bursar, scholar, vicar. 
 
 trd dotard, drunkard, sluggard, steward, wizard. 
 
 •r brazier, butler, draper, mariner, talker, walker. 
 
 ytf lawyer, sawyer. 
 
 Iter baiTister, chorister, maltster, punster, spinister. 
 
 AH Ghristian, European, Canadian, librarian, veteran. 
 
 MIt assailant, combatant, mendicant, lieutenant, litigant. 
 
 My contemporary, incendiary, lapidary, voluptuary. 
 
 Ate advocate, curate, delegate, legate, potentate. 
 
 ee assignee, employee, legatee, referee, refugee. 
 
BimOLOOY, Oft fTHt: DBRIVATION 01* WOtlDS. 151 
 
 oat 
 
 ie 
 
 lit 
 
 ite 
 
 We 
 
 or 
 
 auctioneer, charioteer, mutineer, pioneer, scmtineer. 
 adiierent, client, patient, president, regent, student, 
 critic, domestic, demonaic, mechanic, sceptl«!. 
 botanist, linguist, monopolist, naturalist, 
 bedlamite, cosmopolite, eremite, Canaanite. 
 fugitive, native, operative, representative, 
 ancestor, benefactor, competitor, malefactor. 
 
 •• Afllxes wkleh denote the thing which |g, or Is done. 
 
 Cla$8ic—a.Ty, Ice, ment, mony, ory. 
 
 Examples. 
 Boundary, that which bounds. Aliment, that which nourishes. 
 
 Testimony, that which is testified. Territory, the land which belongs 
 
 to any one. 
 taj anniversary, corollary, luminary, preliminary. 
 
 iee advice, device, Justice, notice, practice, service. 
 
 ment advertisement, amendment, amusement, document, 
 
 mony alimony, patrimony, sanctimony. 
 
 ory auditory, directory, memory, promontory. 
 
 3. AlBxeg wMleh denote the place where a thing is, or is done. 
 
 ry, ery, ary, ory. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Vestry, a place where vestments Fishery, a place where fish are 
 
 are kept. caught. 
 
 Aviary, a place where birds are Armory, a place where arms are 
 
 kept. kept. 
 
 Tf foundry, laundry, drapery. 
 
 try cemetery, colliery, nunnery, nursery, surgery. 
 
 §gf apiary, granary, dispensary, library. 
 
 ory dormitory, factory, observatory, oratory. 
 
 4* AflBxes which denote rank, office, or d.ominion. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon— dom, ric, ship. Cflassic—acy, ate. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Dukedom, the rank of a duke. Bishopric, the Jurisdiction of a 
 
 Curacy, ^he ofiBce of a curate. bishop. 
 
 Kingdom, the dominion of a king. 
 
152 
 
 PREFIXES. 
 
 dom ft rie Christendom, heathendom, earldom, archbishopric. 
 ■Up clerkship, mastership, professorship. 
 
 aoy, 07 abbacy, captaincy, magistracy, papacy, 
 ate electorate, protectorate, pontificate. 
 
 5. Alllxes 'Which denote persona or things eolleetlTely. 
 
 age, ry. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Assemblage, a collection of per- Foliage, the leaves of a tree or 
 sons. forest. 
 
 Yeomanry, the farmers of a country. 
 
 age coinage, cordage, leakage, plumage. 
 
 ry finery, gentry, machinery, peasantry. 
 
 •• Alllxes which denote the act of doing, or the thing done. 
 
 age, Ion, ment, ure. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Pillage, the act of plundering, or Sepulture, the act of burying, or 
 
 theft. burial. 
 
 Operation, the act of working, or Entertainment, the act of treating 
 
 the process. guests, or a feast. 
 
 age carriage, marriage, passage, postage. 
 
 ion admission, dissection, inspection, pansion. 
 
 ment atonement, commencement, elopement, interment. 
 
 ore creature, capture, disclosure, departure, imposture. 
 
 7* Afllxes which denote state, condition, quality. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon— dom, hood, ness, ry, ship, th. Classic— &cy, age, ance, 
 ancy, ence, ency, ism, ment, mony, tude, ty or ity, ure. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Widowhood, the state of being a Activity, state of being active. 
 
 widow. Vassalage, condition of a vassal. 
 
 Holiness, state of being holy. Diligence, quality of being dill- 
 Partnership, ctate of being a part- gent. 
 
 ner. 
 
ETTMOLOOT, OB THE DERIVATION OF WORDS. 153 
 
 dom freedom, thraldom, martyrdom, wisdom. 
 
 hood boyhood, girlhood, likelihood, priesthood, manhood. 
 
 nesa blessedness, deafness, darkness, gentleness, weakness. 
 
 ry bravery, gallantry, pedantry, rivalry, slavery. 
 
 ship apprenticeship, friendship, hardship, suretiship. 
 
 th death, truth, mirth, strength, youth. 
 
 aoy accuracy, degeneracy, legitimacy, supremacy. 
 
 age bondage, dotage, marriage, peerage, pilgrimage. 
 
 ano6,anoy abundance, brilliancy, repentance, pliancy. 
 
 ence, ency patience, effulgence, clemency, potency. 
 
 ism barbarism, parallelism, schism, truism. 
 
 ment agreement, banishment, enjoyment, punishment. 
 
 mony acrimony, matrimony, parsimony. 
 
 tnde altitude, aptitude, gratitude, servitude, solitude. 
 
 ty or ity brevity, captivity, docility, felicity, poverty. 
 
 are composure, pleasure, rupture, torture, verdure. 
 
 8. Affixes which denote art, science, practice, or doctrines. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon— ry. Classic— icB, ism, ure. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Cookery, the art of cooking. 
 Optics, the science of seeing. 
 
 Calvinism, the doctrines of Calvin. 
 Sculpture, the art of carving. 
 
 ry bribery, carpentry, chemistry, roguery, treachery. 
 
 iei ethics, mathematics, physics, politics, tactics. * 
 
 ism criticism, despotism, patriotism, gnosticism, polytheism, 
 
 ure agriculture, architecture, manufacture. 
 
 9. Affixes which denote diminution or little. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon— el or le, kin, let or et, ling, ock, y or ie. 
 Classic— cle, cule or ule. 
 
 Leaflet, a little leaf. 
 Gosling, a little goose. 
 Paddock, a little park. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Canticle, a little song. 
 Reticule, a little net. 
 Granule, a little grain. 
 
 el, le satchel, kestrel, sickle. 
 
 kin, en lambkin, mannikin, kitten, chicken. 
 
 let, et coronet, floweret, turret, eaglet, bracelet, rivnlet. 
 
 ling dasling, duckling, foundling, stripling, seedlingr. 
 
154 
 
 PREFIXES. 
 
 ook bullock, hillock, 
 
 y or ie Tommy, Willie, Jamie, lassie, baby, 
 
 ole, cold conventicle, icicle, animalcule. 
 
 Vkie globule, spherule. 
 
 Affixes which form Adjectives. 
 
 1. Afllxes demotlBg of, like, or pertaining to. 
 ac, al, an, ar, ary, Ic, leal, id, lie, ine, ory ; ch, ese, ish. 
 
 Examples. 
 Dental, pertaining to the teeth. Lucid, pertaining to light. 
 
 Lunar, pertaining to the moon. 
 Angelic, pertaining to angels. 
 
 Canine, pertaining to a dog. 
 Bomlsh, pertaining to Borne. 
 
 I^^H 
 
 M 
 
 i I^^^H 
 
 ' al 
 
 ' '^^^^^B 
 
 an 
 
 vi^H 
 
 ar 
 
 J^^^^^^B 
 
 1 ary 
 
 
 ie 
 
 I^^K 
 
 ical 
 
 j^^H 
 
 id 
 
 if^^^H 
 
 ! ile 
 
 l^^^^H 
 
 ine 
 
 i^^B 
 
 ory 
 
 'l^^H 
 
 ch 
 
 /i^^H 
 
 ese 
 
 
 Uh 
 
 m 
 
 
 cardiac, elegiac, hypochondriac, 
 autumnal, final, paternal, royal, vernal, 
 cerulean, human, republican, sylvan, Canadian, 
 circular, globular, lunar, ocular, singular, 
 capillary, honorary, military, pecuniary, 
 chaotic, despotic, domestic, gigantic, public, 
 botanical, clerical, nautical, technical, poetical, 
 candid, fervid, humid, morbid, splendid, 
 febrile, hostile, infantile, Juvenile, mercantile, 
 aquiline, feline, masculine, saline, divine. 
 * consolatory, piscatory, promissory, valedictory. 
 Scotch, Welsh, French. 
 Chinese, Genoese, Maltese, Portuguese. 
 English, Irish, British, Danish, Swedish. 
 
 9. Afllxes denoting full of, or abounding in. 
 Anglo-Saxon— ful, some, y. Classic— oua, ose, ate. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Falthflil, full of faith. Joyous , full of Joy. 
 
 Frolicsome, full of fun. Jocose, full of Jokes. 
 
 Knotty, full of knots. Passionate, ftill of passion. 
 
 fal artful , careful , doleful, grateful , slothful, 
 
 •ome burdensome, gladsome, humorsome, wholesome. 
 
 y balmy, cloudy, flowery, mighty, massy, rocky. 
 
 QDf ambitions, be(iateou8, dobloue, erroneoas, timorous. 
 
ETYMOLOGY, OR THE DERIVATION OF WORDS. 155 
 
 oie comatose, morbose, morose, verbose. 
 
 ate considerate, fortunate, moderate, ornate. Intricate. 
 
 8* Alllxes deaotlBg likeneta. 
 Anglo-Saxon— lah, like, ly ; as- 
 Boyish, like a boy. Manlike, like a man. Friendly, like a friend. 
 
 Uh. brutish, clownish, knavish, foolish, monkish. 
 
 like Ghristianlike, giantlike, warlike. Godlike, ladylike. 
 
 ly brotherly, cowardly, matronly, princely, worldly. 
 
 4. Afflxes denoting may or can do, or be. 
 
 Classic— able, ible, lie, Ive 
 
 Examples. 
 Arable, can be plouf^hed. Ductile, can be drawn out. 
 
 Audible, may be heard. 
 
 Active, able to act. 
 
 able blamable, curable, eatable, imitable, practicable. 
 
 ible flexible, legible, intelligible, tangible, visible. 
 
 ile liociie, fragile, tractile, versatile. 
 
 ive cohesive, defensive, locomotive, productive. 
 
 S. Affixes denoting being or doing. 
 
 Classic— ant or ent ; like or made of; Anglo-Saxon— en. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Dormant, being asleep. Flaxen, like flax, or made of flax. 
 
 Pendent, hangring down. Earthen, made of earth. 
 
 ant errant, pleasant, verdant, vigilant. 
 
 ent antecedent, beneflcent, belligerent, malevolent. 
 
 en brazen, golden, leaden, silken, wooden, woolen. 
 
 •. AlQxes denoting diminution and privation. 
 Anglo-Saxon— ish and less. 
 
 Brackish, a little salt. Saltless, without salt. 
 
 lah. duskish, feverish, greenish, slavish, whitish, 
 
 less bloodless, breathless, friendless, homeless, lifeless. 
 
 The termination some denotes a degree of the quality indicated— as 
 blithesome, delightsome, gladsome, lonesome, toilsome, wholesome. 
 
15$ 
 
 PREFIXES. 
 
 The termination th, added to the cardinal numhers, forma the ordinal 
 nambera, which are adjectives— as four, fourth ; six, sixth. 
 
 The terminations em and erly, and ward, added to north, east, south, 
 and west, form adjectives expressing direction— as north, northern, 
 northemly, northward. 
 
 Affixes which form Verbs. 
 
 Afllzes whick slgnliyfo make, take, or give. 
 
 Anglo- Saxon— en , ish . Classic— ate, fy , ise or Ize. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Brighten, to make bright. Eradicate, to take the roots ont. 
 
 Publish, to make public. Amplify, to make large. 
 
 Apologize, to make an excuse. Equalize, to make equal. 
 
 en cheapen, enlighten, gladden, moisten, quicken, 
 
 ish admonish, embellish, establish, impoverish, finish, 
 
 ate calculate, captivate, decapitate, perforate, terminate, 
 
 fy fortify, magnify, qualify, rectify, sanctify, verify, 
 
 lie authorize, fertilize, pulverize, scrutinize. 
 
 Some verbs are formed by adding I or le, r or er— as hand, handle 
 start, startle; knee, kneel; draw, drawl; wave, waver; long, linger; 
 spit, sputter ; whine, whimper. 
 
 
 Affixes which form Adverbs. 
 
 1. Alllxea denoting manner— \y and 'wise. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 Artfully, in an artflil manner. 
 Justly, in a Just manner. 
 Honestly, in an honest manner. 
 
 Crosswise, in a cross manner. 
 Likewise, in u like manner. 
 Otherwise, in another manner. 
 
 9. Afllxes denoting direction— -ward* 
 
 Eastward, in the direction of the east ; so westward, etc. 
 Heavenward, in the direction of heaven ; so homeward, etc. 
 Leeward, in the direction opposite that from which the wind blows. 
 Thitherward, in the direction of that place— so whitherward. 
 
 The termination toard forms both adjectives and adverbs— as, he 
 travelled noirthipard, in an Kwktpard manner, by the downtoard road* 
 
ETYMOLOGY, OR THE DERIVATION OP WORDS. 157 
 
 LATIN ROOTS. 
 
 aoer (acria), sharp,— acrid, acridity, acrimony, acerbity : eager. 
 
 aoldus, sour,— acid, acidity, aciduiatc. 
 
 acao, I sliarpen— acute,-]y,-ness, acumen. 
 
 SBdes, a house— edifice, edit'-y,-ication, uncdifying. 
 
 aequas, equal— equalize, equality, equator, equation, equable ', adequate, 
 equinox, equity, iniquity. 
 
 SBStlmo, I value — estimate, estimable, estimation ; esteem 
 
 ager (a^ri), a field— acre, agrarian, peregrinate, pilgrim : agriculture, - 
 al,-ist. 
 
 agger, a heap— exaggerate, exaggeration. 
 
 aga (actus), I do— act, actor, activity, actuate, exact, transact; agent, 
 agitate, cogent, damage, manage, agile, agility ; virago. 
 
 allenua, belonging to anotlier— alien,-ate,-ated,-ation,-able. 
 
 alo, I nourish— aliment,-ated,-tion,-ivene8S. 
 
 alter, another— alter, -nate,-nation,-cation; subaltern. 
 
 altns, high— altitude, exalt,-atlon ; altar. 
 
 amo {amicus), I love— amity, amicable, amiable, amorous, amatory, 
 enamoured, inimical, enmity, enemy. 
 ^ampins, large— ample, ampll,-fy,-iication,-tude. 
 
 ango {anxi), I vex— anger, angry, anguish, anxiety, anxiou3,-ly. 
 
 angnlas, a corner— angle, angular, rectangular, triangular, quad< 
 rangle. 
 ^ anima, the soul or life— anim-aI,-ate,-atlon,-alcuIe ; inanimate. 
 
 animus, the mind— unanimous, animosity, equanimity. 
 
 annus, a year— annual, blenniel, perennial, millenium ; annals, anni- 
 versary, annuity, annular, centenary. 
 
 antlquus, old or ancient— antique, antiquity, antiquated, antiquarian ; 
 antic. 
 
 aperio, I open— aperient, aperture ; April. 
 
 appello, I call— appeal, appell-atlve,-atlon. 
 
 apto, I tit— adapt, apt,-itude ,-ly,-ness, adept, lnept,-itude,-ly,-nes3. 
 
 aqua, water— aqueous, aquatic, aqueduct, terraqueous, aquarium. 
 
 arbiter, an umpire, a judge— arbiter, arbitr-ate,-ation,-ary,-ator,-ess, 
 
 arbor, a tree— arbor,-eou3,-5scent,-etum, -1st. 
 
 aroeo, I shut up, restrain— coerce, coercive, coercion ; exercise. 
 
 arena, a bow— arc, arcade, arch, archer, archery. 
 
 ardeo, I burn— ardent, ardor, arduous, arson. 
 
 arguo, I argue— arguer, argument,-ation,-ative. 
 
 arma, arms— arm,-or,-orer,-ory,-y,-ament,-orial,-i3tlce; disarm, un- 
 armed. 
 
158 
 
 LATIN ROOTS. 
 
 nro, I plough— arable, inarable, aration. 
 
 ar»(art), art— art,-i8t.-isan,-iiice,-ificial,-ful,-leas; inert, inertness, in- 
 ertia. 
 
 artnm (artictdua), a Joint— article, artlcal-ate,-ated,-ately,-ation ; Inar- 
 ticulate. 
 
 a«per, rough— asperity, asplr-ate,-ation ; ezasper-ate,-ation. 
 
 atrox, cruel— atrocity, atrocious, -ness. 
 
 aadio, I hear— aud-lt,-tor,-ltory,-lence,-lble ; Inaudible. 
 
 angreo (auctua), I Increase— augment,-ation ; auctlon,-eer ; august, 
 -tumn ; author,-lty ; auxiliary, unauthorized. 
 
 anrls, the ear— aurist, auricle, auricular ; ausculatlon. 
 
 avaras, greedy— avarice, avariciou8,-ly,-ness. 
 
 avlduH. eager— avidity. 
 
 barba« a beard— barb, barbed, barber, barbel. 
 
 barbaras, rude, savage— barbarian, barbnr-0U3,-lty, ize,-ism,-ic. 
 
 beatnSt blessed— beautitude, beauty, beatific. 
 
 bellain» war— belligerent, rebel, rebellion. 
 
 bene, well {used in composition}— benefLt, benevolent, benlson, benifice, 
 beneficent. 
 
 bibo, I drink— imbibe, bib, bibber, bibulous, bibacious; winebibber. 
 
 bis (bi), twice— biped, bisect, biscuit, binary ; combine. 
 
 bouas, good— boon, bounty, bounteous, bountiful. 
 
 brevis, short — brief, briefly, brevity, abbrevI-ate,-ation,-ator ; bre- 
 viary. 
 
 brntas, stupid— brutal,-lze,-lty ; brutish,-ly,-ness; imbrute. 
 
 oado (ca», ctd), I fall— cadence, case, casuist, casual, cascade; acci- 
 dent, accidence, coincide, coincidence, decay, deciduous, Incident, 
 Occident, occasion. 
 
 oeedo (cid, ct«), I cut— caesura, concise, decide, decisive, decision, ex- 
 cision, incision, precise, precision ; homicide, regicide, suicide, 
 etc. 
 
 oalonlas, a little pebble— calculate, calcul,-able,-ation,-ator; miscal- 
 culate, incalculable. 
 
 oandeo, I am white, I shine— candid, candidate, candor, candle ; in- 
 cense, incentive. 
 
 cano (cant), I sing— cant, canticle, chant, enchant, incantation, recant, 
 accent. 
 
 oaplllust a hair— capillary, capillarity, capilllform. 
 
ETYMOLOGY, OR THE DERIVATION OF WORDS. 159 
 
 e, 
 
 «aplo (cep, capt), I take— cap-nble,-aclou8,-acity,-acitate ; capt-ious,- 
 lve,-lvate,-or,-ure ; except, precept, intercept ; conceive, deceive, 
 receive, receipt, recipient, acceptation, occupation, preceptor, 
 receptacle, susceptibility. 
 
 oaput (capt<t«), the head— capital, capitulate, cape, captain, chapter, 
 precipitate, precipice, recapitulate. 
 
 carnn {carnis), flesh— incarnate, carnal, carnage, carnival, carrion, 
 carcase, carnivorous. 
 
 oansay a cause— causation, accuse, excuse, recusant. 
 
 cavuo (caut), to be on one's guard— caution, cautious,-ly,-ne88, pre* 
 caution. 
 
 oavas, hollow — cave, cavern, concave, cavity, excavate. 
 
 «edo (ceas), I yield, I go — cede, cession, cease, cessation, accede, con- 
 cede, exceed, precede, proceed, recede, succeed, recess, success,- 
 ive,-ion, etc. * 
 
 celer, swift— celerity, accelerate. 
 
 oeleber, renowned — celebrate-ated,-ation, celebrity. 
 
 celsns, high— excel, excellent, excellence, excelsior. 
 
 oenseo, I judge, I blame— censor, censorious, censure, censurable. 
 
 oentrutn, the centre— central, centrical; centripetal, centrifugal, 
 concentrate, concentric ; eccentric. 
 
 centum, a hundred— century, centurion : centage, centisitnal, centi- 
 pede. 
 
 cerno (cret), I judge— certain, certify, concern, decree, discern, dis- 
 creet, secrete, secret, secretary. 
 
 circus, a circle— circlet, circular, circulate, circuit, encircle, semi- 
 circle. 
 
 clto, I call or rouse— cite, citation, exclte,-ment. Incite, recite, recita- 
 tion, resuscitate. 
 
 civis, a citizen — civic, city, clvil,-ian,-ity,-ize,-ization, uncivil. 
 
 clauio, I cry out— claim, acclaim, clamor, clamorous, declamation, ex« 
 claim, proclaim, proclamation, reclaim. 
 
 darns, clear, bright— clear, clearance, clarify, declare, declaration. 
 
 clando (cludyClus). I close— close, closet, cloister, conclude, conclusion. 
 Include, inclose, recluse, seclusion. 
 
 Clemens, merciful, mild— clement, clemency, inclement, inclemency. 
 ■>clino, I bend— decline, declension, declivity, incline, inclination, ac- 
 clivity, recline. 
 
 colo (cult), I cultivate— cultivated, colony, colonist, colonial, colonize, 
 
 culture, agriculturist, occult. 
 ■olo, I strain — colander, eolation, percolate, percolation. 
 
 uommodus, convenient— commodious, commodity, incommode. 
 
 cor (cordis), the heart— core, cordial, courage ; concord, concordance, 
 discord, record, accord, accordant. 
 
160 
 
 LATIN ROOTS. 
 
 cornn, a horn— corn, cornet, corneous, cornice, unicorn. 
 
 corona, a crown— crown, coronation, corolla, coronet, coroner. 
 
 corpus (corpor)^ the body— corporal, corporate, corporation, corporeal^ 
 corpulent, corpse, corpuscle, incorporate. 
 
 credo, I trust, I believe— creed, credit, credible, creditor, credential,^ 
 credulous, incredulity, accredit. 
 
 creo, I make— create, creator, creation, creature, creative, recreation. 
 
 cresco (cret), I grow— crescent, accretion, concretion, excresence, de- 
 crease, increase, increment. 
 
 crimen, a crime— criminal, crimination, recrimin-ate,-ation. 
 
 crndns, raw, unripe— crude, crudity, crudeness. 
 
 crux (cruc), a cross— crucify, crucifixion, cruciform, crucible, crusade, 
 excruciate, croiscr, cross. 
 
 cubo^or cun.bo, I lie down— cumber, cumbent, cumbrance, incubus, 
 accumbent, incumbent, recumbent, succumb. 
 
 culpa, a fault— culpable, culpability, culprit, inculpate, exculpate. 
 
 cumulus, a heap— cumulative, accumul-ate,-ation,-ator. 
 
 curn, care — cure, curate, curacy, curious, accurate, secure, sinecure. 
 
 curro (curs), I run— current, curricle, courier, cc' ar, incur, occur, 
 recur, succor, course, concurrence, discourse, incursio.i, precursor. 
 
 onrvus, crooked— curve, curvature, curvate, incurvate. 
 
 
 damno. T condemn— damage, con lemna' ?, condemnation, indemnify. 
 
 debeo, I owe— debit, debt, debtor, debenture, indebtedness. 
 
 decet, it is becoming— decent, decency, decorate, decoration, decoroii, 
 indecorous. 
 
 deleo, I blot cut, I destroy— delete, indelible, deleterious,-ly,-nes.q. 
 
 delldae, delight— delicacy, delicate,-ly,-ness, delicious. 
 
 dens (dent), a tooth— dental, dentist, dentifrice, dentition , indent, inden> 
 ture, trident. 
 
 dcnsus, thick— dense, density, condense, condensation. 
 
 dens, a pod— deify, deity, deist, deism, deification. 
 
 dlco (dicat), I set apart— dedicate, dedicatory, abdicate, index, indicate^ 
 indicative, pi'edicate, predicameni, adjudicate. 
 
 dexter, right-handed— dexter, dexterity, dexterous, -ly,-ness. 
 
 dlco {diet), I say— diction, dictate, dictator, dictatorial, addict, bene- 
 diction, contradiction, edict, interdict, valedictory, verdict. 
 
 dlf s, a day — dial, diary, diurnal, meridian, quotidian, diet. 
 
 dl^nus, worthy— dignify, dignity, indignity, deign, disdain, indignant, 
 indignation, condign. 
 
 disco, I learn— disciple, discipline, disciplinary, disciplinarian. 
 
 divide— I separate— divide, division, dividend, indivisible, individual. 
 
ETYMOLOGY, OR THE DERIVATION OP WORDS. 
 
 161 
 
 tlivtnus, heavenly— divine^ divinity, divination. 
 
 d.o {dat, dit), I give— donor, donation, date, dative, antedate, addition, 
 condition, edit, editor, perdition, tradition, pardon. 
 
 dooeo (doct), I teach— doctor, doctrine, document, docile, docility. 
 
 doiuinus, a master, a lord— dominant, dominion, domination, domini- 
 cal, domineer, predominate. 
 
 domus, a house— dome, domestic, domesticate, domicile, domicilliary. 
 
 dabias, doubtful— dubious, dubitation, indubitable, doubt, doubtful. 
 
 duco (duct) I lead— duke, ducat, ductile, aMuction, adduce, conduce, 
 conduit, conduct, deduction, educate, Inducement, reduce, seduce, 
 traduce, aqueuuct, viaduct. 
 
 darus, hard— endure, durable, duration, durin;^, indurated, obdurate, 
 obduracy. 
 
 ■ebrlns, drunken— inebriate, inebriety, inebriation (loitft «"»je) 8ober,-ly, 
 sobriety. 
 
 egeo, I am in need— indigent, Indigence. 
 
 ego, I— egoism, egotist, egotize, egotistic, egotism. 
 
 elegrans, handsome— elegant, elegance, inelegant. 
 
 eino {empt), I buy— exempt, exemption, pr»-emption, peremptory, 
 redeem, redemption ; prompt, impromptu. 
 
 •eo [it), I go— circuit, exit> initiate, iterate, obituary, perish, transit, 
 transition. 
 
 eqana, a horse— equine, equip, equipage, equipment. 
 
 erro, I wander— err, errant, error, errand, erratic, erroneous, aberra- 
 tion, errate. 
 
 esse (ens), to be— essence, essential, interest, ..onentity, absent, pre- 
 sent, represent, misrepresent. 
 
 exeinpluint a model— example, exemplary, exemplify, unexampled, 
 sample. 
 
 eiLperlor (expert), I try —experiment, experimental, expert, expert- 
 ness, experience, peril. 
 
 exter, externuSfOutward— external, extraneous, extreme, extrinsic, 
 
 !- 
 
 faex (fee), grounds, dregs— feces, feculence ; defecate, defecation. 
 
 faber, a workman— fabric, fabricate, fabricator, fabrication. 
 
 faoles, the fat?— facial, efface, superficies, supc *\cip,l. 
 
 faoills, easy— facile, facility, facilitate, difficult, difficulty. 
 
 faoio (/ecyJc), Imak ,— fact, factor, factory, faculty, aflfect, aflfectation, 
 artificer, confection, deficient, effectual, manufa,:ture, officiate, 
 perfect, proficient, refection, sacrifice, sufficient. 
 
162 
 
 LATIN ROOTS. 
 
 fallo (fals), I deceive— false, falsity, fallacy, fallible, infallible, fault. 
 
 falx, a hook or sickle— falcated, defalcate, defalcation. 
 
 faina, a report— fame, famous, infamous, defame, defamation. 
 
 fanillla, a family— famillar,-ity.-ize, unfamiliar. 
 
 fanuni, a temple— fane, profane, profanity, fanatic, fanaticism. 
 
 farl {fan, fat), to speak— fate, fatal, fable, affable, ineifable, infant, 
 nefarious, preface. 
 
 fateo (/e«8), I acknowledge— confess, confession, professional. 
 
 tatlgOf I weary— fatigue, indefatigable, fag. 
 
 fatnns, silly— fatuous, fatuity, infatuated, infatuation. 
 
 fecundns, fruitful— fecund, fecundate, fecundity. 
 
 folix, happy— felicity, felicitous, infelicity, felicitate. 
 
 fondo ifens), I strike or ward off— fender, defend, defendant, offend, 
 inoffensive ; fence, defence. 
 
 f«ro {lat), I bear or carry— ferry, fertile, confer, defer, differ, infer, 
 offering, preference, suffer, transference, collation, elate, odorifer- 
 ous, prelate, superlative, translation. 
 
 ferruni, iron— ferreous, ferruginous, ferrule, farrier, farriery. 
 
 ferveo, I boil or rage— fervor, fervent, fervid, effervesce; fermenta- 
 tation, fever, feverish, febrifuge. 
 
 festus, joyful— festal, festive, festivity, festival, infect, ffite. 
 
 libra, a thread— fibre, fibril, fibrous, fil)rine. 
 
 fldo, I trust— fidelity, confide, defy, diffidence. Infidelity, perfidious, 
 perfidy. 
 
 Ago (fix), I fasten— fix, fixture, aflRx, prefix, transfix, crucifix. 
 
 flllus, a son; fllia, adaughter— filial, affiliate, affiliation. 
 
 fllnin, a thread— file, filament, filigree, fillet, defile, profile. 
 
 Ango (fict), I form— fiction, fictitious, figment, efligy, figure, figurative, 
 transfiguration. 
 
 finis, an end— finish, infinite, infinity, affinity, definite, indefinite. 
 
 flrmus, strong— firm, firmament, affirm, confirm, infirm, infirmary, 
 infirmity. 
 
 flscns, a money-bag, the public treasury— fiscal, confiscate, confiscation. 
 
 flssuin, a cleft— fissure, fissile, fission. 
 
 flaiuina, a flame— flambeau, inflame, inflammation, inflammatory. 
 
 flecto(^ea;), I bind— fleeter, flexion, flexible, deflect, inflection, reflec- 
 tion, reflex. 
 
 flififo {flici)t I beat— afflict, affliction, conflict, infliction, profligate, 
 profligacy, 
 
 flo {flat), I blow— flatulent, afflatus, efflation, inflate, inflation, flute. 
 
 flos, a flower— floral, florid, floridity, flour, flourish, flowery, efflor- 
 escenco. 
 
 fluo {fluct,flitx), I flow— fluid, fluent, fluvial, fluctuate, affluence, con- 
 flux, confluence, defluxion, effluvia, influence, superfluity. 
 
MMiMn 
 
 ETYMOLOGY, OR THE DERIVATION OP WORDS. 
 
 163 
 
 fodio if OSS), I dig— fossilize, fossilist, fossiliferous. 
 
 foedus, a treaty— federal, confederate, confederacy. 
 
 folsuin, a leaf— foliage, foliaceous, foliate, foil, trefoil, folio. 
 
 forma, form, shape— formal, form,-ation,-ative,-ality,-ula, conformity, 
 deformity, inform, information, performance, reform, transform- 
 ation, uniformity. 
 
 fors (fort), chance— fortune, fortunate, fortuitous, misfortune, unfor- 
 tunate. 
 
 fortis, strong, brave— fortify, fortitude, force, enforce, fortress, effort, 
 comfort. 
 ^ trango (fract), I break— frangible, fraction, fracture, fragile, fragil- 
 ity, frailty, infringe, refraction, suffrage, irrefragable. 
 
 f rater, a brother— frater,-nal,-nity,-nize ; fratricide; friar. 
 
 frans, deceit— fraud, fraudulent ; defraud. 
 
 frii^ns, cold— frigid, frigidity, frigorific, refriger-ate,-ator. 
 
 frons (front), the forehead— frontier, affront, confront, effrontery, 
 front, frontlet, frontispiece. 
 
 fruror {fruct), I enjoy— frugal, frugality, fruit,-ful,-le3S,-le3sness, 
 fruition, fruiterer, fructify. 
 
 faglo, I flee— fugitive, fugacious, refuge, subterfuge. 
 
 falgeo, I shine— fulgent, refulgent, effulgence, fulminate. 
 
 fanius, smoke— fume, fumigat-e,-ation,-ator, perfume. 
 
 fando(/Ms), I pour out— fuse, fusible, a founder, confound, diffuse, 
 effusion, profusion, suffusion, transfuse. 
 
 fundus, field, bottom— found, to founder, foundation, fundamental, 
 profundity ; fund, funds, refund. 
 
 fnnf(or {funct), I perform— function, functional, functionary, per- 
 functory, defunct. 
 
 gelu, frost— gelid, gelatine, congeal, jelly. 
 
 gero (gest), I carry— gesture, gesticulate, belligerent, conjestion, di- 
 gest. Indigestion, register, suggest, viceregent, jest,-er. 
 
 giguo {gen), I bring forth or produce— "^nerate, generation, genius, 
 genial', generic, general, genitive, {. .^rous, generosity, genuine, 
 gentile, gentry, genteel, indigenous, ingenuous, ingenuity, pro- 
 genitor, progeny, regenerate. 
 
 globus, a ball— globe, globular, globulous, conglobulate. 
 
 glades, ice— glacier, glacial, glacialist. 
 
 gluten, glue- -gluey, glutinous, agglutinate, conglutinate. 
 
 gradlor (gress), I go— grade, gradation, gradual, graduate, degrade, 
 retrograde; ingress, progress, transgression, congress. 
 
 gramen* grass— gramin-aceoas,-eoua,-ivorous,-ifollou8. 
 
, 
 
 164 
 
 LATIN ROOTS. 
 
 grandls, great— grand, grandeur, grandee, grandslre, aggrandize, 
 
 grandiloquent, grandiose. 
 granatn, a grain of corn— granary, garner, granule^ granulate, 
 
 grange, granate, grenade, grenadier. 
 "g'atust thankful— grateful, gratitude, grratuity, gratify, congratulate, 
 
 grace, gracious, disgrace, greet, ingratiate, ingratitude. 
 gravis* heavy— grave, gravity, gravitate, grief, grieve, grevious, 
 
 aggrieve, aggravate. 
 grex (grey), a flock— gregarious, congregate, aggregate, egregious, 
 
 segregate. 
 gusto, I taste— gust, disgust, disgustful, disgustingly. 
 
 habeo (hib), I have— habitation, hablt,-ual, cohabit, debilitate ; exhibit. 
 Inhibit, prohibition. 
 
 liaereo {hea), I stick— adhere, adhesive, cohesion, coherent, hesitate, 
 inherent, incoherent. 
 
 liaeres (haered), an heir— heritage, heritable, hereditary, inherlt,-ance, 
 disinherit *, heiress, heirloom, co-heir. 
 
 halo, I breathe— exhale, inhale, inhalation, anhelatlon. 
 
 hanrlo (Aau8f ), I draw— exhau3t,-ibIe,-ion,-less,-lve ; inexhaustible. 
 
 fcierba* an herb— herbage, herbalist, herbaceous, herbivorous. 
 
 hilarls* cheerful— hilarity, hilarious, exhilaration. 
 
 homo, a man— human, humane, homage, humanity, humanize, homi- 
 cide, inhumanity. 
 
 horreo, I shudder— horror, horrid, horrible, horrify, abhor, abhorrence. 
 
 hortor, I advise— exhort, exhortation, hortative, hortatory, dehorta- 
 tory. 
 
 hospes {ho8pit), a guest— hospitable, hospltal,-ity, host, hotel, hostler. 
 
 hostis, an enemy— host, hostile, hostility, hostage. 
 
 hameo, I am moist— humid, humidity, humor, humorist, humorous. 
 
 .■hnmns, the ground— Inhume, exhume, exhumation, posthumous, 
 humble, humility. 
 
 idem, the same— identity, identical, identify, Identifiable. 
 ignis, fire— igneous. Ignite, ignition, ignltlble. 
 imago, an image— Imagine, imaginary, imagination. 
 inipero, I command— Imperative, emperor, imperial. 
 impetus, force— Impetus, impetuou3,-ly,-ness, Impetuosity. 
 inanis, empty— inane, inanity. Inanition. 
 inferus, below— Inferior, inferiority. Infernal. 
 insula, an island — insulated, isle, isolate, peninsula. 
 integer, whole— integral, integrity, disintegrate, redintegration. 
 ira, anger— ire, ireful, irate, irascible, irritation. 
 
B, 
 
 I 
 
 ETYMOLOGY, OR THE DERIVATION OF WORDS. 165 
 
 Jaceo, I lie— jacent, adjacent, circumjacent. 
 
 Jacio Uect), I throw-jet. jaculation, ejaculate, abject, conjecture, 
 
 dejection, interjection, objective, reject, subject, subjection. 
 jocns, ajest-joke, jocose, jocund, jocular, jocularity. 
 Jubllo, I shoutfor joy-jubilee, jubilate, jubilation. 
 Jugram, a yoke-abjugate, subjugate, subjugation. 
 Jungo(jM«c«), I join-junction, juncture, conjunction, conjugal, in- 
 junction; join, enjoin, joiner. ki sai, m 
 
 juro, I swear— jury, adjure, conjure, perjury, 
 .^udex, ajudge; Ju8 {jur\ right-just, justice, justify, injury, judge 
 ^ judicature, judicious, prejudice, judicial, jurisprudence 
 
 Juvenis, young-juvenile, juvenility, juniors, juniority, rejuven- 
 
 Juvo (jut), I help— adjutant, coa<Jjutor. 
 
 labor, work-labor, laborious, laboratory, elaborate. 
 
 labor (J,ap8) I slide-lapse, relapse, elapse, illapse, collapse. 
 
 laedo {hd, Its), I hurt-collide, collision, elide, elision 
 
 lapis (lapid), a stone-lapidary, dilapidate, dilapidation. 
 
 latus, carried, broad^ilate, latitude, latitudinarian, delay, dilatory. 
 
 illative, oblate, translation. ^' 
 
 latas (later), a side-laterat, collateral, equilateral. 
 laas (laud), praise-laud, laudable, applaud, allow, allowable. 
 taxus, loose-lax, laxity, relax, relaxation, prolix 
 ilia ffrnV ''^^' '^Pf *"*-l«&ate, legacy, delegate, allegation. 
 Uso(lect), I read or choose-legible, lecture, legion, allege college 
 
 diligent, eligible, elegant, election, negligence, selection "^ ' 
 
 lefiramen, pulse, pease, beans-leguminous, legumes 
 
 relietl^^'"''' ^'^ ""^^'^^-'^^^y' '^^y. alleviate, elevate, elevator; 
 lex (ier;), a law-legal, legality, legalize, legislator, legitimate, allegl- 
 
 liber, free-liberal, liberty, liberate, illiberal, livery 
 liber, a book-library, librarian, libel, libellous. 
 libra, a balance-deliberate,.ly,-ive, equilibrium, indeliberate. 
 licet, it is lawful-license, licentiate, licentious, illicit 
 llgrnam, wood-ligneous , lignify, ligniform. 
 
 "**'^^eHgion."'^'''"*^""'''"'^*°''"*'''^^"'' "^^«' ^"*«"^«' ^'^U^e- 
 llmes, a boundary-limit, limited, illimitable, unlimited 
 lInquo(jic<), I leave-delinquent, dereliction, relinquish', relict relio 
 Unuui, flax-linen, linsey, lint. line, lineal, ddineaJe, Hneamem 
 
166 
 
 LATIN ROOTS. 
 
 llqneo, I melt— liquid, liquefy, liquefaction, liquidity, liquor. 
 
 litera, a letter— literal, literature, alliteration, illiterate, obliterate, 
 letter. 
 
 locus, a place— local, locality, locate, locomotive, dislocate, allocation. 
 
 lonsrus, lonf?— lonf?itude, longevity, elongate, prolong. 
 
 loquor, I speak— loquacity, soliloquy, eloquence, elocution, obloquy, 
 magniloquent, ventriloquist. 
 
 Indo {lus), I play— ludicrous, allusion, elude, illusion, delusion, delu- 
 sory, prelude. 
 
 lumen, liglit— luminary, illuminate, illumination, luminous. 
 
 luna, the moon— lunar, lunation, lunacy, lunatic, sublunary. 
 
 luo, I wash— ablution, alluvial, deluge, dilnvion, pollute. ,^ 
 
 Instro, I shine— lustration, illustrious, illustrate. f xa^C-^^T^-^ 
 
 — aux (luc\ light- lucid, lucifer, elucidate, pellucid, t/UX/^ ^'^"'^''^ 
 
 luxus, luxury, excess— luxuriant, luxuriou3,-ly,-ne33. 
 
 inaoles, leanness— emaciate, emaciation. 
 
 magnuH (major)^ great — magnify, magnitude, magistrate, master, 
 
 major, majority, majestic ; mayor. 
 malus, bad— malice, malicious, malevolent, malignity. 
 
 malleus, a hammer— mallet, malleable, maul, unmalleable. 
 ^— mando, I enjoin — mandate, command, demand, remand. 
 
 maneo (mans), I remain— manse, mansion, immanent, permanent, 
 
 remnant. 
 manus, the hand— manual, manufacture, manumission, manacles, 
 
 manuscript, emancipate. 
 mare, the sea— marine, mariner, maritime, submarine, mermaid. 
 mater, mother— maternal, maternity, matron, matrimony, matriculate, 
 
 matricide. 
 maturus, ripe— mature, maturity, immature, premature. 
 medeor, I heal— medical, medicine, remedy, irremediable. 
 ^medlus, the middle— mediate, medium, immediate, mediocrity. 
 mel, honey— mellifluous, melliferous, mellific. 
 
 meminl, I remember ; iweinog. mindful — memory, memorial, memo- 
 "^ randum, memoir, commemorate, reminiscence. 
 
 mens, the mind— mental, mentality, demented, amentia. 
 niergo {mers), I plunge— mersion, emerge, emergency, immersion, 
 
 submerse. 
 „--'merx, merchandise— commerce, commercial, merchant, mercantile. 
 metlor [mens), I measure— mete, immense, mensuration, dimension, 
 
 commensurate. 
 
I 
 
 ETYMOLOGY, OR THE DERIVATION OP WORDS. 167 
 
 n. 
 y. 
 
 u- 
 
 .KjCJiy^ 
 
 er, 
 
 nt, 
 
 es, 
 
 te, 
 
 mlffro, I remove— migrate, emigrate, immigration, transmigration. 
 intles, a soldier— militia, military, militant, militate. 
 minoo, I project— imminent, prominent, eminent, eminence. 
 minister, a servant— ministration, ministry, adminia-ter,-trate,-trator. 
 minor (minus), less— diminisb, diminution, comminution, minority, 
 
 minute. 
 mtrus, wonderful— miracle, admire, admiration, admirable. 
 znlsoeo (mixt), I mingle— mixture, miscellaneous, unmixed, promiscu- 
 ous, intermix. 
 miser, wretched— miser, miserable, misery, commiserate. 
 mltto (miss), I send— mission, missile, admit, commission, dismiss, 
 
 emissary, manumission, promise, remission. 
 modns, a manner— moderate, accommodate, commodious, mode, model, 
 
 modify, modulate, modest. 
 mons, a mountain— mount, mound, amount, dismount, paramount. 
 
 tantamount. 
 mollis, soft— mollify, mollient, emollient. 
 moneo, I advise— monitor, monument, admonish, premonition. 
 monstro, I show— monstrous, demonstrate, demonstrable, remon- 
 
 strate. 
 mordeo, I bite— mordant, morsel, remorse, remorseless. 
 mors (mort), death— mortal, mortality, immortal, -ize, mortify. 
 mos (mor), a custom — moral, moralize, morality, immoral, demoralize. 
 moveo (mot), I move— remove, commotion, i)romrition, remote. 
 multns, many — multitude, multiple, multiplication, multiplied. 
 mnnus, a gift, or office— munificence, commun-ion,-icate, immunity, 
 
 remunerative. 
 mnrns, a wall— mural, immure. 
 
 mnsa, a song — muse, music, amuse, amusement, museum. 
 mato, I change— mutable, mutation, mutual, permutation, transmute. 
 
 lo- 
 
 rn, 
 
 >n. 
 
 narro, I relate — narration, narrative, narrator. 
 
 nascor (nat), to be born— nascent, native, nation, nature, innate, 
 
 supernatural. 
 navls, a ship— navy, naval, navig-ate,-ation,-able. 
 necto (nex), I tie — connect, annex, annexation, disconnect. 
 nervns, a sinew— nervous, unnerve, enervate. 
 neuter, neither of the two — neutral,-ize,-ity. 
 nihil, nothing— nihilism, nihility, annihil-ate,-ation. 
 nobllls, well-known— noble, nobility, ennoble, ignoble. 
 nooeo, I hurt— noxious, noisome, innocent, innocuous, annoyance. 
 nomen, a name— nominate, nominator, denomination, binomial, 
 
 nomenclature. Ignominy. 
 
168 
 
 LATIN ROOTS. 
 
 norma» a rule— normal, abnormal, enormous, enormity. 
 
 nosco, oof^noscot I know— cognizance, recognition, knowledge, ac- 
 knowledge, recognize, precognition. 
 
 notns, known— note, notable, notorious, annotator. 
 
 novus, new— novel, novelty, novitiate, innovate, renovate. 
 
 nox {noct), night— equinox, equinoctial, nocturnal. 
 
 nullust none— nullify, nullity, annual, disannul. 
 
 Humerus* a number— numerous, numeration, enumerate, innumer* 
 able, supernumerary. 
 
 unnoio, I tell— announce, enunciate, denounce, renounce, pronunci- 
 ation. 
 
 nntrio, I nourish- nutriment, nutrition, nutritive, Innutritious. 
 
 obsonrns, dark— obscur-e,-ation, obscurely, obscureness, obscurity. 
 
 ooulns, the eye — ocular, oculist, binocular, inoculate. 
 
 odor, smell— odorous, odoriferous, odorless. 
 
 oleo, I smell— olfactory, redolent, redolence. 
 
 olo or oleseo, I grow— adolescence, adult, abolish, abolition, aboli- 
 tionist. 
 
 omnia, all— omnipotent, omniscience, omnivorous, omnibus. 
 
 onus {oner), a burden— onerous, onerary, exoner-ate,-ation,-ative. 
 
 opus (oper), a work — oper-ate,-ative,-ation,-ator, co-operate, opera. 
 
 orbis, a globe— orb, orbit, orbicular, exorbitant. 
 
 ordo, law— order, disorder, extraordinary, ordain, ordination, subordi- 
 nate. 
 
 opto, I wish— option, optional, optative, adopt, adoption. 
 
 orior, I rise — orient, origin, originate, exordium. 
 
 orno, I deck— ornament,-al,-ation, adorn, adornment, ornate. 
 
 oro, I speak— oracle, oration, oral, oratary, orator, orison, adore, in- 
 exorable, peroration. 
 
 OS {088(8), a bone— osseous, ossify, ossific, ossivorous. 
 
 ovum, an egg— oval, ovate, ovally, oviparous. 
 
 palllnm, a cloak, covering— palliate, palliative, palliation. 
 
 pando, I spread— expand, expansive, expanse, pace, space, compass, 
 surpass, trespass. 
 
 pango (pact), I fix or agree— paction, compact, compactness, impinge. 
 
 palatum, theroof of the mouth, taste— palate, palatal, palatable, un- 
 palatable. 
 
 pains, a peg or post— pale, paling, palisade, empale, empalement. 
 ^^..-par, equal— parity, separate, disparity, disparage, peer, peerless. 
 
ETYMOLOGY, OR THE DERIVATION OP WORDS. 169 
 
 U}- 
 
 er- 
 cl- 
 
 )U- 
 
 di- 
 
 tn- 
 
 ss, 
 e. 
 
 ^ 
 
 pareOt I appear— peer, appear, apparition, opparent, transparent. 
 
 parlo, I bring forth— parent, parental, oviparous, viviparous, 
 
 paro, I make ready— preparation, pare, parade, parry, apparel, prepare, 
 repair, reparation. 
 
 pars, a part— particle, partake, partition, party, partisan, partial, part- 
 ner, parboil, parcel, apartment, impart, impartiality. 
 
 pasoo {^paat\ I feed— pastor, pastoral, pasture, antepast, repast. 
 
 pater, a father— paternal, paternity, patrimony, patron, patronize, 
 patrician. 
 
 patlor {,pas»\ I suffer— patience, patient, impatient, passive, passion- 
 ate, compassion. 
 
 patrla, one's country— patriot, patriotism, compatriot, expatriate. 
 
 pax, peace— peace, pacify, pacific, pacification, 
 
 pello {puis), I drive— pulse, pulsation, compel, dispel, expulsion, im- 
 pulse, repulsion. 
 
 pello, I name or call— appellative, compellation, appeal, repeal. 
 
 pendeo, I hang— pendant, pendulum, depend, impend, suspense, ap- 
 pendix. 
 ndo {pens), I weigh— pensive, expensive, expenditure, compensa- 
 tion, dispense, r^cgmEense, stipend, stipendiary. 
 
 penetro, I pierce — penetrate, penetration, impenetrable. 
 
 pes (ped), the foot— pedal, pedestal, pedestrian, biped, quadruped, ex- 
 pedite, expedient, impediment. 
 
 peto, I seek— petition, petulant, appetite, compete, competitor. Im- 
 petus, impetuous, repeat, repetition. 
 
 plngo {pict), 1 paint— picture, pigment, pictorial, picturesque, depict. 
 
 plas, dutiful— piety. Impious, impiety. 
 
 plaoeo, I please— placid, complacency, complaisant, displease, im- 
 placable. 
 
 planta, a plant— plantation, plantain, implant, supplant, transplant. 
 
 plaado {plaits), I praise— plaudit, applaud, plausible, applause, ex- 
 plode, explosion. 
 
 pleo {plet), I fill— plenary, plenty, complemen^, complete, depletion, 
 replenish, supply, supplement. 
 
 plloo, I fold— apply, complicate, complex, display, duplicity, explicate, 
 implicit, perplex, simple, triplet. 
 
 .ploro, I wail--<ieplore, explore, implore. 
 
 plnma, a feather— plumage, plume, plumeless, plumule. 
 
 poena, pain or punishment— pain, penal, penalty, penance, peniten- 
 tiary, impunity, repent. 
 
 polio, I smooth— jjolish, polite, interpolation. 
 
 pondas {ponder), weight— pound, ponderous, ponder, preponderate, 
 imponderable 
 
170 
 
 LATIN ROOTS. 
 
 pono(po$it), I place— post, posture, position, apposite, apposition, depo- 
 sition, dispose, expositor, propose, purpose, repose, transposition. 
 
 popnlas, the people— popular, populace, population, depopulate, pub- 
 lic, publish, republic. 
 
 porto* I carry— porter, portable, export, import, Importunity, report, 
 transportation. 
 
 potena. powerful— potent, potentate, poteutlal,-lty,-ly, Impotent, om- 
 nipotent. 
 
 poto, I drink— i)otation, potion, potable. 
 
 praeda, plunder— prey, predatory, predaceous, depred-ation,-ator. 
 
 prehendo, I take— apprehend, comprehension, apprentice, reprehend. 
 
 premo (press), I press— print, pressure, compress, depression, express, 
 oppression, repress, suppression, irrepressible. 
 
 pretlnniy a price— precious, appreciate, prize, appraise, depreciation. 
 
 prlmaa, first— prime, primate, primer, prince, principal, primogeni- 
 ture. 
 
 privo, I take away— deprive, privation, privative. 
 
 prlvug, one's own or single— private, privacy, privilige. 
 
 probo, I prove— probe, probation, probable, approbation, improve, 
 disprove, reprobate. 
 
 promo (prompt), I bring forth, I tell— prompter, prompt, promptly, 
 promptitude, impromptu. 
 
 probe (prox), near— propinquity, propitiate, proximate, approximate, 
 approach. 
 
 proprlus, one's own— proper, property, appropriate, propriety, impro- 
 priety. 
 
 pudor, shame— impudent, impudence, repudiate. 
 
 pagrno, I fight- pugnacious, pugilist, impugn, repugnance. 
 
 pnlmo, the lungs— pulmonary, pulmonic. 
 
 pal vis (pulver), dust— pulverize, pulverable, pulverization. 
 
 pungfo (punct), I prick— pungent, puncture, punctuation, punctllllouSi 
 punctuality, compunction, expunge, point, appoint. 
 
 pnrgo, I cleanse— purge, purgative, purgatory, purgatorial. 
 
 paras, clean— purify, purity, puritan, impure, impurity. 
 
 pas (pur) matter of a sore— pustule, pustulate, purulent, suppurate. 
 
 pato, I reckon, I prune— putative, compute, dispute, deputy, imputa- 
 tion, repute ; amputate. 
 
 patrls, rotten— putrefy, putrefaction, putrid, putridity, putrescence. 
 
 qaalls. of what kind— qualify, quality, disqualify. 
 qaantom, how much— quantity, quantitative. 
 
 'qaaero (quis, ques), I seek— quest, question, acquire, dlsqaisition, in- 
 quire, request, requisition, perquisite. 
 
ETYMOLOGY, OB THE DERIVATION OF WORDS. 171 
 
 qnatio, I shake— quash, concussion, discuss, percussion. 
 qaataor, four— quart, quarter, quartern, quadruped, quadrant. 
 qnles, rest— quiet, quiescence, inquietude, disquietude, acquiesce. 
 qnot, honr many— quote, quotient, quotation, quotidian. 
 
 radius* a ray— radiant, radiation, irradiate, radius. 
 
 radix, a root— radicle, radical, radish, eradicate. 
 
 rado {raa), I scrape— raze, razor, erase, abrasion, rosure. 
 
 ramus, a branch— ramify, ramiflcntion. 
 
 rapio, I carry off— rapacious, rapid, rapine, rapture, surreptitious. 
 
 rarus, thin — rarefy, rarefaction, rare. 
 
 rego (rect), I rule— regal, regent, regimen, regular, register, rector, 
 reign, direct, rectify. 
 
 repo, I creep— reptile, reptilian. 
 
 res, a thing— real, realize, republic. 
 
 rldeo (rt«), I laugh— ridicule, ridiculous, risible, deride, derision. 
 
 rigreo, I am stiff— rigidity, rigor, rigorously. 
 
 rlvus, a stream— river, rivulet, rival, rivalry , arrive, derive, derivation. 
 
 rodo (ros), I gnaw— corrode, corrosion, corrosive, erasion. 
 
 rota, a wheel— rote, rotate, rotary ; rotund, routine. 
 
 rudls, rude, ignorant— rudiment, erudite, erudition. 
 
 ru8 (rur), the country— rural, rustic, rusticity, rusticate. 
 
 rumpo (rupt), I break— rupture, abrupt, bankrupt, corruption, inter- 
 rupt, irruption. 
 
 _^8aoer, sacred— sacrament, sacrifice, consecrate, execrable, sacrilege. 
 sagrax, wise— sage, sagacious, sagacity, presage. 
 sal, salt— saline, saltish, sauce, saucy. 
 
 sallo {suit), I leap— salient, saltation, assault, sally, desultory, exalta- 
 tion, insult, result, resilient. 
 _^ salus (saJut), health— salute, salutary, salubrious, salvage, salve, sal- 
 vation. 
 sanolo(8anct), I confirm— sanction, sanctify, sanctity, saint, sanctuary. 
 sangruls (aanguin), blood— sanguine, sanguinary, sanguineous, ensan- 
 guine. 
 sapio, taste, I am wise— sapient, savor, sapid, insipid, insipidity. 
 satis, enough— satisfy, satisfaction, sate, satiate, insatiable. 
 soando, I climb— scan, ascend, ascension, condescension, descend, 
 
 transcend. 
 soindo(<ct««), I cut— scissors, sclssure, abscession, rescind, rescenslon. 
 
172 
 
 LATIN ROOTS. 
 
 aelo, I know— science, scientific, sciolist, conscience, omniscience, pre 
 • science. 
 • flcrlbo (script), I write— scribe, scripture, scribble, description, ln« 
 scribe, manuscript, superscription. 
 
 soulpo, I carve— sculptor, sculpture, sculptured. 
 
 neco(8ect), I cut— sect, section, dissect, insect, intersection, trisect. 
 
 sedeo («e»«), I sit— seat, sedate, sedentary, session, assiduous, preside, 
 possess, supersede. 
 
 semen, seed— seminal, seminary, disseminate. 
 
 Nenex, old— senile, senator, senior, seniority, seignior. 
 
 sentio («en«), I feel, I think— sense, sensuous, sensitive, sensible, sen* 
 tient, scntimeiit, sentence, assent, dissension. 
 
 aeqvLOV itecut), I follow— second, sequence, execute, subsequent, prose- 
 cute, obsequies, subsequent. 
 
 aero {aert), I knit or Join— series, assert. Insertion, desertion, exert 
 
 serpo, I creep — serpent, serpentine, serpentize. 
 
 servo, I keep or wait— sei've, servant, servile, servitude, conserve, ob- 
 serve, preservation, subservience. 
 
 severns, strict— severe, severity, persevere, asseveration. 
 .^-signnm, a mark— sign, signify, assign, consignment, designate, 
 resignation, insignificant. 
 
 sllex, flint— sillcious, silicate, slliclfy. 
 
 simills, like— similar, similarity, similitude, assimilate, resemble, 
 dissimulation, simulation. 
 
 slnns, a curve or bay— Insinuate, sinuosity. 
 
 sooius, a companion— social, sociable, society, association, dissoci- 
 ate. 
 ^sol, the sun— solar, parasol, solarize. 
 
 sblldus, solid— solidity, solidify, solder, consolidate. 
 
 solve, I loose— solvency, solve, solution, soluble, absolve, absolute, 
 revolution. 
 ^solus, alone— sole, solitude, solitary, desolate, soliloquy. 
 
 sono, I sound— sonnet, sonorous, consonant, dissonance, resound, uni- 
 son. 
 
 sorbeo, I suck In— absorbent, absorb, -ing, absorption, reabsorb. 
 
 sors {sort), a lot— sort, assort, consort, resort, sorcery. 
 
 sparg^o {spers), I scatter— asperse, aspersion, disperse, intersperse. 
 
 spatlnm, space— spacious, expatiate, spaciousness. 
 
 specie, speeto, I look— special, specious, specimen, spectacle, specta- 
 tor, aspect, conspicuous, expect, prospect, suspicion. 
 
 spero, I hope— desperate, despair, prosper, prosperity. 
 
 spiro, I breathe— spirit, spiritual, sprite, aspirant, conspire, dispirit, 
 expiration, uninspired. 
 
 gplendeo, I shine— splendid, splendor, resplendent. 
 
ETYMOLOGY, OR THE DERIVATION OF WORDS. 173 
 
 •pondeo (apons), I promise— sponsor, spouse, correspondence, irre* 
 sponsible, respond. 
 
 spontet of one's own will— spontaneous.-ly.-ness, spontaneity. 
 
 ■tatao, I set up, I appoint— statue, statute, constitute, institute, insti- 
 tution, substitute. 
 
 Mtellat a star— stellar, constellation, stellated, stellular. 
 
 stllla, a drop— still, distil, instil, distillation. 
 
 atlngao(«^tncOi I put out— distinguish, distinct, extinguish, extinct, 
 
 instinctive. 
 • sto {atan, atit), I stand— stable, establish, state, station, stationary, con- 
 stant, distant, instantaneous, obstacle, rest, solstice, substantive, 
 substitute. 
 
 stratos, thrown down— strata, prostrate, stratify, stratification. 
 
 Htrlngo (atrict), I hold fast— stringent, astringent, strict, stricture, 
 strain, straitness, restrict, restrain, distrain, distress, unre* 
 stricted. 
 
 strao (atruct), I build— destroy, destructive, instruct, instrument, 
 superstructure. 
 
 Btapeo, I am stunned, amazed— stupid,-ly,-ity, stupendous. 
 
 ■anio (aumpt), I take— assume, consumption, presume, resume, sumptu- 
 ary, sumptuous. 
 
 snrgo {aurrect), I rise— insurgent, insurrection, resurrection. 
 
 tango (,tact), I touch— tangent, tangible, tactility, contact, contagion, 
 
 contiguous, contingent. 
 tego {tectj, I cover— tegument, protect, detection, protectorate. 
 >-temno {tempt), I despise— contemn, contemptible, contemptuous. 
 -tempas, time— temporal, contemporary, extemporaneous. 
 tendo(^en«), I stretch— tendency, attend, extension, intention, ostenta- 
 tion, pretence, subtend. 
 teneo (tent), I hold— tenable, tenant, tenet, contain, detention, absti- 
 nence, continuance, impertinent, maintain, obtain, sustenance. . 
 tennis, thin— tenuity, attenuate, extenuate. 
 
 termlnug, a bound— term, terminate, determine, extermination, in- 
 terminable. 
 . toroitrit), I rub— trite, triturate, tret, attrition, contrite, detriment. 
 ''terra, the earth— terrestrial, terraqueous, terrace, inter, subterraneous. 
 terreo, I frighten— terrible, deter, deterrent, terror. , 
 testis, a witness— test, testify, testament, attest, detest, intestate, pro- 
 testation. 
 texo, I wear— textile, texture, context, pretext, tissue. 
 tlmeOt I fear— timorous, timidity, timidly. 
 
» 
 
 174 
 
 LATIN ROOTS. 
 
 tolero, I bear— tolerant, tolerable, intolerant, toleration. 
 
 torpeo, I i*Tn benumbed— torpid, torpidity, torpidly. 
 
 torqneo {tort), 1 twist— torture, tortuous, torment, contortion, distort, 
 extortion, retort. 
 
 torreo, I parch— torrid, toast, torrefy, torrent. 
 
 totns, the whole— total, totality, totally. 
 
 traho {tract), I draw— trace, tractable, tractile, attract, abstract, dis- 
 traction, extraction, portray, retract, protract. 
 
 tremo, I shake, tremble— tremendous, tremble, tremulous. 
 
 trepldus, fearful— trepidation, intrepid, intrepidity. 
 ^treso three— trio, tripod, trianj?le, trinity, trice. 
 
 tribno, I give— i^ttribute, distribution, retributive. 
 
 tricse, wiles— tricks, trickery, intricate, extricate, inextricable, In- 
 triprue, tress. 
 
 trndo {trus), I thrust— intrude, intrusion, extrude, protrusion. 
 
 tuber, a swelling— tubercle, tubercular, tuberose. 
 
 tneor, I observe— tutor, tuition, iutuitive, tutelary. 
 
 tnrba, a crowd— turbulent, disturb, imperturbable, perturbation, tur- 
 bid. 
 
 
 nber, fruitful — exuberant, e?:uberance. 
 
 iinibra> a shade— umbrageous, umbrella, adumbrate, penumbra. 
 
 unda, a wave— undulate, undulation, redundant, inundate, abound, 
 
 abundant. 
 nn^no {unct), I anoint— unguent, unction, unctuous. 
 
 nu9, one— uniform, unicorn, unilateral, unique. 
 nrbs, a city— urban, urbanity, suburbs, suburban. 
 uro (nsf), I burn — inure, combustion, incombustible. 
 uior (us), I use— utility, utilitarian, utensil, useful, usefulness, usury, 
 
 abuse, disuse. 
 
 4t.Taco, I am empty— vacant, vacancy, vacation, vacate. 
 vaouns, empty — evacuate, evacuation, vacuum. 
 vado, I go— evade, evasion, invade, pervade. 
 vagor, I wr.nder— vagrant, vagabond, vagary, extravagance. 
 valeo, I am strong, I am worth— value, valor, valid, valiant, avail, 
 
 vale cudinarian, convalescence, invalid, prevaler.t. 
 vana8» empty — vanish, vanity, vain, vainly. 
 vapor, steam— ^-apory, evaporate, vapid, vapidness. 
 vario, I change— variable, various, variance, variety, variegate. 
 vas, a dish— vase, vascular, vessel. 
 
t 
 
 ETYMOLOGY, OR THE DERIVATION OP WORDS. 175 
 
 rt, 
 
 is- 
 
 in- 
 
 iir- 
 
 nd, 
 
 ry- 
 
 lil, 
 
 vasto, I lay waste— vast, vaatness, devastation, waste, wasteful. 
 veho, I carry— vehicle, convey, invaigh, invective. 
 vello (vul8), I pull— convulsion, revulsion. 
 velo, I cover— veil, revelation, reveal, unveil. 
 volox, swift— velocity, velocimeter, velocipede. 
 vendo, I sell— vend, vendor, vendible, vendue, venal. 
 ventas, the wind— vent, ventilate, ventil-ation,-ator. 
 venlo {vent), I come— convene, contravene, advent, convention, inven- 
 tion, revenue. 
 verbuni, a word— verbal, verbose, adverb, proverbial. 
 verto(vers), I turn— verse, version, vertex, advert, aversion, adversity, 
 
 perversion, universe. 
 verus, true— verity, vei'acious, verify, verdict, aver. 
 vesti|;iuni, a trace or mark—vestige, Investigate. 
 vestls, a garment— vest, vestn.ent, vestry, divest, investment. 
 via, a way— deviate, devious, impervious, previous, trivial, undevlatlng, 
 
 viaduct. 
 vicis, a change— vicar, vicarage, vicarious, vicegerent, vicissitude. 
 video (via), 1 see— vision, visible, visit, evident, providence, revise, 
 
 supervision. 
 vifireo, I flourish— vegetable, vegetate, vegetation, vigor, vigorous, 
 
 invigorate, vigil, vigilant. 
 villa, a farm— village, villain, villainy, villanage. 
 vlnoo (vici), I conquer— victor, convince, evince, province, vanquish, 
 
 invincible. 
 vlnuin, wine- vinous, vintage, vinegar, vineyard, wine. 
 vlr, a man— virile, virility, virtue, virago, triumvirate. 
 virus, poison— virulent, virulence. 
 visous, glue— viscid, viscidity, viscous. 
 vita, life— vital, vitality, vitalize. 
 vltruiii, glass— vitreous, vitrefy, vltrefaction, vitriol. 
 vivo, I live— vivid, vivacious, vivify, revive, convivial. 
 vooo, I call— voice, vocal, vocation, vociferate, advocate, invocation, 
 
 convoke, revoke. 
 volo, T am willing— voluntary, volition, benevolence, volunteer. 
 volo, I fly— volatile, volatility, volatilize. 
 
 vol vo, I roll— volume, voluble, convolve, develop, revolution, revolt. 
 voro, I devour— voracious, devour, carnivorous, omnivorous. 
 voveo, I vow— vote, votary, votive, devote, devotion. 
 vulfpus, the common people— vulgar,-lty. divulge, promulgate, 
 vulnu8 (wKiner), a wound— vulnerable, vulnerary, Invulnerable 
 
176 
 
 GREEK ROOTS. 
 
 f< 
 
 GREEK ROOTS.* 
 
 aer, the air— aerial, aerolite, aeronaut, artery, arterial, airy, airiness. 
 
 ago, I lead— demagogue, synagogue, pedagogue, stratagem, strategy. 
 
 ateron, strife— agony, antagonist, antagonism, agonize. 
 
 akouo, I hear— acoustic, acoustics, acoumcter. 
 
 angelos, a messenger— angelic, angel, archangel, evangel,-ize,-i8t,- 
 ism.-ical. 
 
 anthropos, a m»n — anthropology, philanthropy, misanthropy. 
 
 arche, beginning, sovereignty— archaism, archives, archon, anarchy, 
 monarchy, oligarchy, patriarch, tetrarch. 
 
 aster, or astron, a star— astronomy, astronomical, astrology; aster, 
 asterisk; astral, disaster, disastrous. 
 
 athletes, a \vrestler— athlete, athletic. 
 
 atnios, vapor- atmosphere, atmospherical. 
 
 autos, one's self— autocrat, autograph, automaton, autonomy, auto- 
 biography, tautology. 
 
 ballo, I throw— ball, ballet, emblem, hyperbole, parable, problem, 
 
 symbol, diabolical. 
 baptlzo, I dip or sprinkle— baptist, baptism, baptismal, anabaptist, 
 
 paedobaptist, 
 basis, the bottom— baserrient, baseless, abase,debase, abashed, bashfui. 
 biblos, a book — bible, bibliography, bibliopolist, bibliomania. 
 bios, a life— biography, biology, amphibious. 
 
 character, a mark of distinction— character, characterize, character- 
 istic. 
 
 charls, love, or thanks— charity, charitable, eucharist, eucharistic. 
 
 choir, the hand — chirography, chirology, chiromancy, enchiridion, 
 chirurgeon, (whence surgeon). 
 
 chole, oile, anger— melancholy, choler, choleric. 
 
 chrlstos, anointed— Christ, chrism, christen, Christianity, Christmas, 
 antichrist. 
 
 chroma, color — chrome, chromatics, achromatics. 
 
 chronos, time— chronic, chronicle, chronology, chronometer, amich- 
 ronism, synchronous, synchronize, .synchronism. 
 
 cosmos, order, the world— cosmical, cosmogony, cosmopolite, micro- 
 cosm, cosmetic. 
 
 * The Greek letters are expressed by their English equivalent. 
 
f 
 
 ETYMOLOGY, OR THE DERIVATION OP WORDS. 177 
 
 oranlon, a skull— cranium, cranlology, pericranium. 
 oratos, power— democratic, aristocracy, autocratic, theocracy. 
 oriten, a judge— critic, criticism, crisis, diacritical, hypocrisy. 
 orapto, I hide— crypt, cryptography, apocrypha. 
 onolos, a circle— cycle, encyclical, epicycle, encyclopaedia, encyclo- 
 pedist, Cyclops. 
 
 dalmon, a spirit— demon, demoniac, demonism, demonology, pande- 
 monium. 
 
 deka, ten— decade, decalogue, decagon, indecagon, dean. 
 
 demos, the people— demagogue, democracy, endemic, epidemic, pan- 
 demic. 
 
 despotcs, a master— despotic, despotism. 
 
 dogma, doxa, opinion, glory — dogma, dogmatic, dogmatize, dogmat- 
 ism, (loxology, orthodox, heterodox, paradoxical. 
 
 dotos, given- antidote, anecdote, anecdotal. 
 
 dynamis, power— dynamics, dynameter, dynasty, dynastic. 
 
 eldf *"' •.•m— asteroid, conoid, spheroid, kaleidoscope. 
 ele ' >'i^ . imber— electrical, electricity, electrify, electro-dynamics. 
 ergo.;, >rk — energy, liturgy, metallurgy, georgic, organ-ization. 
 etiiuos, a nation— ethnical, ethnology, ethnographer. 
 etiios, custom— ethics, eth'cal. 
 
 eu, well (in composition)-- euphony, euphemism, eulogy, eucharlst, 
 evangelist. 
 
 ^ro• 
 
 games, marriage— agamist, bigamy, misagamist, polygamy. 
 
 ge, the earth— geocentric, geography, geology, geometry, apogee, 
 perigee. 
 
 gennad, I produce— genesis, genealogy, homogeneous, oxygen, hydro- 
 gen, nitrogen. 
 
 gnoako, I know— gnomon, gnosticism, diagnostic, physiognomy, 
 prognostic. 
 
 glossa or glotta, the tongue— gloss, glossary, glossarlal, glottis, epi- 
 glottis, polyglot. 
 
 gonia, an angle— pentagon, heptagon, polygon, diagonal, trigonometry. 
 
 gramma, a letter— grammar, anagram, diagram, epigram, programme, 
 telegram. 
 
 grapho, I write— graphic, grave, autograph, epigraph, biography 
 geography, paragraph, telegraph, topography, etc. 
 
 gamnos, naked— gymnast, gymnastics, gymnasium. 
 
 guwi, a woman— gynocracy, misogynist, miso^'yny. 
 
178 
 
 GREEK ROOTS. 
 
 hedra, a seat— cathedral, sanhedrim, polyhedron, etc. 
 
 hellos, the sun— heliocentric, helioscope, heliotrope, aphelion, perihe- 
 lion, parhelion. 
 
 bemera, a day— ephemera, ephemeral, ephemeris. 
 
 hoteros, another— heteroclite, heterodox, heterogeneous. 
 
 Iiloros, sacred— hierarchy, hieroglyphic, hierography, hierophant. 
 
 histetnl, to place— apostate, ecstacy, statics, statistic, system, system- 
 atize. 
 
 hodos, a way— episode, exodus, method,-ist,-ical, period,-ical, synod. 
 
 honi08, like— homogeneous, homologous, homonymous. 
 
 hudor, water— hydraulics, hydrogen, hydrophobia, hydrostatics, 
 anhydrous. 
 
 humnedt I sing— hymn, hymnal, hymnology. 
 
 idlos, idiom— idiot, idiocy, idiosyncrasy. 
 
 isos, equal (in composition)— isochronous, isosceles, isothermal. 
 
 lambano(!ep«), I take— syllabic, catelpsy, epilepsy. 
 laos, the people— laity, laic, lay, as opposed to clerical. 
 Ie|!ro, I speak or collect— le.\icon, dialect, eclectic, elegy, prolegomena. 
 lithos, a stone — aerolite, lithography, lithotomy, monolith. 
 logos, a word— logic, analogy, apologue, catalogue, decalogue, dia- 
 logue, entomology, geology, neology, theology, zoology, etc. 
 luo, I loose— analyze, analysis, palsy, paralytic. 
 lyra» a lyre— lyric, lyrical, lyrist, lyrated. 
 
 • f 
 
 i\ 
 
 maoho, a flght— logomachy, monomachy, naumachy , r.ciomachy. 
 
 mania, madness— maniac, monomania, bibliomania. 
 
 martyr, a witness— martyr, martyrdom, martyrology, protomartyr. 
 
 mantliano {math), learn— philomath, polymathy, mathema-tic3,-tical. 
 
 mecliane, a machine— mechanic, mechanics, mechanism, machina- 
 tion, machinist, 
 
 melos, a song— melody, melodious, melodrama ; Philomel. 
 
 metron, a measure— metre, metrical, barometer, diameter, geometry, 
 perimeter, symmetry, thermometer, trigonometry. 
 
 mioros, small— microscopic, microcosm, micrography, micrology. 
 
 mlseo, I hate— misanthropist, misogynist, misogamist. 
 
 mneina, memory— mnemonics, mnemotechny, amnesty. 
 
 monos, one- monad, monarch, monarchy, monk, monastic, monopoly, 
 monotheism, monotony. 
 
 morphe, shape— amorphous, metamorphose, polymorphous. 
 
 mutlios, a fable— myth, mythical, mythology. 
 
 
ETYMOLOGY, OR THE DERIVATION OP WORDS. 179 
 
 nans, a ship— nautical, nautilus, aeronaut, nausea, nauseous, nauseate. 
 necros, dead— necropolis, necromancy. 
 
 nomos, a law, or rule— anomaly, antinomian, astronomy, economy. 
 neuron, a nerve— neuralgia, neurology, aneurism. 
 
 ode, a song— ode, epode, monody, parody, psalmody; comedy, tragedy. 
 
 oikos, a house- economy, diocese, parochial, parish. 
 
 onoina, a name— anonymous, metonymy, paronymous, patronymic, 
 
 synonymous. 
 optoiiial. I see— optics, optical, optician, catoptrics, dioptrics, myopy, 
 
 synopsis. 
 orama, a view — cosmorama, diorama, panorama. 
 orthos, right — orthodox, orthoepy, ortliography, 
 osteon, a bone — osteology, periosteum. 
 OXU8, sharp, acid— oxide, oxygen, oxytone, paroxysm. 
 
 na. 
 la- 
 
 ?al. 
 na- 
 
 tty, 
 
 oly, 
 
 pals, a child— pedagogue, pedagogy, pcedobaptism. 
 
 pan, all (in composition) — panacea, pandemic, panoply, pantheism. 
 
 pathos, fef ling— pathetic, pathology, antipathy, apathy, sympathy. 
 
 petalon, a. leaf — petals, bipetalous, polypetalous, etc. 
 
 petros, a stone — petrify, putrescent, petroleum. 
 
 phai^o, I eat— anthropophagi, ichthyophagi, sarcophagus. 
 
 phalno, I appear — pliasis, phantom, phenomenon, fantasy, sycophant. 
 
 phemi (phas), I speak— blaspheme, blasphemy, emphasis, euphemism, 
 prophet. 
 
 pherd, I bear— periphery, metaplior, phospliorus. 
 
 phHos, a friend— philanthropy, philosopher, philter; Theophilus. 
 
 phone, a sound— phonetic, aphony, euphonious, symphony, tautophony. 
 
 phos, light— phosphor, phosphorus, pViotography, photometer. 
 
 phrasls, a phrase— phraseology, paraphrase, perlphrase. 
 
 phren, the mind— phrenology, frenzy, frantic, frenetic. 
 
 phusis, nature— physic, physiology, physiognomy, metaphysics. 
 
 plassd. I form— plastic, plasm, plaster, cataplasm, protoplastic. 
 
 pnenina, the wind, a breath— pneumatics, pneumatology, pneumonia, 
 pneumonic. 
 
 poieo, I make— poem, poet, poetical, poesy. 
 
 poleo, I sell— bibliopolist, monopoly, pharmocopolist. 
 
 polls, a cijy— police, policy, politic, polity, metropolis, political, cos- 
 mopolite, necropolis. 
 
 polas, many— polygon, polyglot, polysyllable. 
 
 pouH ( pod), a foot— antipodes, polypus, tripod. 
 
 protos, first— protasis, protocol, prototype, protoplast. 
 
i 
 
 180 
 
 GREEK ROOTS. 
 
 psalld, to play— psalm, psalmody, psalmist, psalter, psaltery. 
 psenohet breath, soul— paycholofjy, metempsychosis, psyehomachy. 
 pur, fire— pyre, pyramid, pyrotechny, pyrometer, empyreal. 
 
 rhed* I flow— rheum, rheumatism, rhetoric, catarrh, diarrhoea, resin. 
 
 sarx, flesh— sarcasm, sarcophagy, sarcotic, anasarca. 
 scopedf I see— scope, helioscope, polyscope, telescope, bishop, episco- 
 pacy, microscope, horoscope, kaleidoscope. 
 80^>ho8, wise— sophism, sophistry, sophisticate, philosophy. 
 sphalra, a sphere— sphericity, atmosphere, hemisphere. 
 stereos, solid, firm— stereotype, stereoscope. 
 stechos, a line, a verse— distich, hemistich, decastlcli, acrostic. 
 stello, I send— apostle, epistle. 
 stropbe, a turning— apostrophe, catastrophe, antistrophe. 
 
 tasso, I arrange—tact, tactics, syntax. 
 jtaphos, a tomb— epitaph, cenotaph. 
 
 teohne, art— technical, technology, polytechnic, pyrotechnist. 
 
 tele, afar off— telegraph, telescope, teleology, telegram. 
 
 theost God~thelsm, theology, atheist, pantheon, theocracy. 
 
 thermos, hot — theremometer, thermal, isothermal. 
 
 tithemi, I place— theme, thesis, antithesis, epithet, synthesis. 
 
 tome, a cutting— atom, atomic, anatomy, entomology, epitome, litho- 
 tomy, phlebotomy. 
 
 tonos, a sound— tone, tonic, semitone, oxytone, detonate, intonation, 
 monotony. 
 
 topos, a place— topic, topical, topography, Utopian. 
 
 toxicon, poison— intoxicate, Intoxication. 
 
 tropos, a turn— trope, tropical, heliotrope. 
 
 tupoB, a pattern or figure— type, typical, typify, typography, anti-type, 
 stereotype. 
 
 zoon, an animal— zodiac, zoology, zoography, zootomlst ; azote. 
 
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