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32X

l»AST01lAi iETTEH

OF THE

RT.REV. JOHN WALSH, D.D,

BISHOP OF LONDON,

TO THK

Clcrijn anb ItniU} of the Bioccsc,

CATHOLIC EDUCATION

'fi;

LONDON, ONT.:

PRINTED BY TIIL I'HKK PRESS PRINTING COMPANY, RICHMOND-ST.

: 1872

PASTORAL LETTER

John, — Bv the Grace of God, ami the appomtnunt ofihr. Holy
See, Bishop of London.

To the C'leryt/, llcli^jious Communities, and Laity of our Di^ocese,
health and benediction in the Lord.

Dearly BRLov^:^ Bhktiiuen,

Standing on the threvShold of this new year of grace, we
raise our supplications to the throne of divine mercy be-
seeching our lieavenly Father to pour down His choicest
blessings on you our faithful clei'gy and beloved ilock, and
to grant you abundantly all the graces and heavenly suc-
cors you stand in need of for time and eternity. '

In wishing you from our inmost heart a happy Xew
Year, we desire you to seek happiness tliere where alone it
can be found here below, viz., in the service of God, in the
observance of His commandments, and in the fulfilment of
your religious duties. We have been created for happiness I
free in everything else, we are not free in the pursuit of
happiness, whicli we are necessitated to seek by a merciful
provision of our Cieator. But, alas, w(; too often look for it
where it is not lo bo found. Like the sunnner bee, flying
from flower to flower and not cojitcnt with any, so do we
unceasingly run from one created object to another, asking it in
vain for that happiness for which we pant — for wliich our souls
tliirst in tliis desert life. As the shell on the sea shore cannot
contain tlie waters of the Itoundless ocean, so neither can this
world, nor anything in tin's world, satisfy tbe cravings of the

PASTOHAL LETTER.

immortal soul, nor slake its burning tliirst for tliat happiness for
which it was created. " But do you join yourself unto eter-
nity," said the Spirit of God to Saint Augustine, when wearied
with vainly seeking happiness from iluj Creature, ho sought it
from the Creator. Do you join yourself unto eternity, and you
shall become eternal and find rest. " T had turned mvself to
every creature," exclaims this great Saint, " and 1 asked them
one by one ' art thou my (lod;' and the earth, and sea, and stars,
and sun, and every creature with one voice replied, " He hath
made us." And 1 turned at lengtli to Thee, and found that
Thou hast made us, Great (lod, for Thyself; that our hearts are
not at rest Until they repose in Thee." Kiches, honors, plea-
sures, for which men strive and toil, pass away like fleeting
time, and are at best but lik<^ dead sea fruits, fair to the eye, but
ashes to the lips. We must, therefore, seek first the Kingdom
of God and his justice, and in this search is to be found our
true and only >appiness here, and the guarantee of eternal
happiness h ler. To direct you in this all -important
search, the '"oiy Church has been established by our blessed
Hedeemer, and commissioned to teach you all things what-
soever he hath commanded, to point out the duties you musl
fulfil, and the dangers and snares you must avoid, if you
would save your imperishabh; .souls which the Son of (Jod has
purchased with a great price. Among.^t the urgent duties of the
present day, for pastors ami peoj)h', tlir re is none more essential,
none more vital than tliat of the Christian education of the ris-
ing generation. The question of Catholic education is, in fact,
the great absorbing question of the ]ir('sent day for Catholics
tliroughout the world, and on the manner in which it shall be
solved, must depend the ruin or salvation of thousands, jioaita
rst in rninani a tit resKiredionrju ritvlforion. Hence we consider
it our solemn duty to address you on this vital topic, which so
Intimately affects your dearest and most sacred interests, as well
as those of your children ; and we aiv confident that our in-
htructious and directions thereon will be received with filial

; ♦

PASTORAL LETTEK.

docility and obedience that ever distinguish the true nnd faith- vNL
fill children of the IIolv Church. '^' ^

Importance of Catholic EbrcATioN. ^ _

At the outset it may lie well to hear in mind certain '^
elementaiy principles of our holy faith. The end and object .\; "aj
of our existence is to know and serve God here on earth, and fl "->
afterwards, to love and enjoy Him in heaven. ^ ;;

"Man," says Saint Ignatius, "has been created that he,£'^
may praise the Lord his God, and show llim reverence, andv
serve' Him, a nd by mgans of this huvv. lii.s soul." This is the"^
one thing necessary ; this was the sole design of the most holy
Trinity in creating us. It is for this end we are preserved in
existence by the constant action of God, and for this also wc
have been redeemed by the precious blood of Jesus Christ, shed
on the tree of the C/ros.s. Hence we must strive to enter in by
the narrow gate, and must work out our salvation with fear
and trembling. We must seek iirst the Kingdom of God and
His justice. We have not then been created for the purpose of
accumulating wealth, of pursuing earthly pleasures, or of,
making ourselves a name, but principally for the end and object
of serving God m purity and holiness of life, and of thereby
reaching our last end, which is clie enjoyment of God in the
Kingdom of His eternal happiness. Let us give ear to the
oracles of God. " It is written thou slialt adore the Lord thy
God, and serve Him alone." — Matt. 4th c, 10th v. "What
doth it profit a man to gain the whole world, if he loseth his
own soul, Oi- what exchange shall a man make for his soul." —
(Matt, IGth c, UGth v.) Hence we are told by truth itself tt»
" fear God and keep His commandments, for in this does every
man and the whole man consist." — (Eccles., 12th c, 13th v.)

This then l)eing the purpose of God in our creation and
redemption, it is manifest that our whole life should be a pre-
paration for it ; and if, an Saint i'aul says, whether we eat or
drink, or whatever else we do, we should do all for the glory of

it-

(Jod ; if, according; to this insi»ired Apostle, our whole life and
all its actions, even tlie most ordinary ami trivial, should bo
influenced and motived by this one dominant idea of seivinj,'
(Jod and saving our souls, for how much greater reason sliould
the education of youth, the formation of its character, the bent
and tendency of its fresh young life, be directed to this great
purpose.

If we bear in mind this momentous and caitlinal truth, we
shall see at a glance the vast imj)ortance, the evident necessity
of a sound Catholic education for the rising generation. It is
true that our children must be fitted for the part they will have
to play on this w^^rld's theatre, and for this end they need and
should obtain such a mental culture as may be necessary or
useful for them. ' The Church i<nows (juite as Avell as the
greatest worldling, that those children are destined for a variety
of pursuits in life, and slie is sensible that they mu.st qualify
themselves by the cultivation oi' their intellectual faculties, in
order to discharge competently the duties that will be assigned
them ; but instead of that being the principal object of their
creation, she persuades them that all those are merely secondary
nlijects, which, of course, must be attended to in their sliort
journey through life, but must at tlie same time be made sub-
servient to the great object of their salvation.

'• 'Tis Education foniis the youthful mind ;
Just &8 the twig in bent, the tree's inclined."

Hence the Church wishes that religion sliall bo the tutelary-
spirit in the school-house ; that it shall knead and mould the
plastic character of our children ; that it shall sh(ul its blessef'
radiance, its transfiguring power, on their young minds, and
consecrate them by the baptism of holy faith, .so that during
their school-days their innocence and purity, tender and deli-
<:ato as the flowers of Spring, may be sheltered from all stain
and blight ; and their uncertain and timid footsteps nuiy l)e
directed to the path of rectitude, of virtue, and of religious
ppineiple which leads to Christian manhood, and honorable old

I'ASTORM, i,Kri"K»;.

ngu, and ooiidiu ts lo a Messed iiuiiiortality. This is the theory
(if education held hy the ('huieli, and she is satisfied with none
other. Whilst slie encouraj<es and patronizes secular education
to its utmost extent, she demands that it shall Ik^ Messed, con-
trolled, and inlormed hy the saving intiuence ol' ndij^ion. She
demands that the secular sciences shall hold their suhordinate
places, and that religion should, like the sun, he the orh around
which they should as satellites revolve, and from which they
shouM hovrow nn inhlitional light and beauty. Than this
demand, wl-.at can lie more reasonahle, more just, or hotter
calculated to jaomotc aic true interests of mankind ? "All
men," says the Imitation of Christ, " naturally desire to knowi
but what doth Knowledge avail, without the fear o*' God ?
Indeed, an humble hus])andman that serveth (»od is better than
a proud philosopher, who, neglecting himself, considers the
course of the heavens. If I should know all things that arTlu^
the world, and should not be in charity, what helps would it be
to me in the sight of (lod, wlio will judge me by my deeds ?"
This is an old-fashioned doctrine, and not much in hannony
with the spirit of the age ; but it is, nevertheless, true, and the/
expression of that wisdom that cometh from abovey'^/^W [ ^-i'^

Education then, to deserve the name, must be religious.
" Letters without virtue," said Shakspeare, " are like pearls on
a dunghill." Education must have for an object the culture of
the whole being, and not merely of the intellectual faculty. The
intellect is not the oidy faculty of the soul ; it is but one
amongst many. Nor dees it play a chief part in human actions.
The will is also a faculty of the soul, and one that sways the
multitude; it is the mighty lever that moves the masses of
mankind, and is a potent instrument of good or evil, according
as it is framed. Education then, to be complete, must embrace
the culture of our moral and religious as well as intellectual
natures ; and this is but saying that religion must form the
basis of education ; that the latter must be the handmaid of the
former; education sharpening tiie intellect ; religion illuminat-

I'ASTOKAI- LKITEU.

ing the whole firmament of the mind with a light caught from
Tthe eternal world, purifying and elevating the will, and direct-
r <* ing the heart, with the mighty power of its allections towanls
^ Jthe good and the beautiful. Hence, religious truths should Ih!
c ^interwoven, like threads ol' gold, with every system of etluca-
W'^ion, and should bo inserted in it like pi«cious gems, gleaming
;» ' and sparkling witli a. heavenly brightness. In every stage of
" f life, tlw 'Mciit cardinal truths of Christianitv sliould llame out
»^~ upon us like beacons to the mariner on the dark sea; for iv
^ r, greater reason this .'^lioald be the case in our young days. The
pchild when brought to {-.cliool is not «mly an ignorant being, but
^ V it is also a being inc'iined to evil. How important, therefore.
? that this being slH)uld be v.ot only enlightened, but also turned
; ^yiway from the downward tendency to vice. How imj)ortant
' ^Vhen the young mind is plastic and receptive, when it is wax
^ Fta receive, and marble to retain, religious princiides should Ik*
allowed to make deep impressions, never to l)e ellaced. It is
true the sliibboleth of tlie age is the maxim, " knowledge is
power," and this is so much insisted on, that it would seem to
imply that there is no other power. It is not denied that
knowledge is power, but it is not the only one. Hunger is also
a power, and so is fanaticism, and so, also, is aflection. But
the greatest and the most beneficial power of all is the religion
of the Crucified, which has triumphed over the powers of earth
and hell. This is the power which triumphs over our base
passions, which enables us to resist evil inclinations, which
breathes hope into the despairing, which consoles in deep sor-
row, which wipes the toar from the eye of grief, which staunches
the wounds of the afflicted heart, walks with us like an angel of
light through the darksome journey of time, sustains us amid
the perils and bitter trials of life, assists at our death-bed like
the angel of consolation at the agony of our Saviour, fans with
its heavenly wings the bent of our dying hour, and wafts the
liberated soul to its eternal home. This is the power which
should take precedence of nil others — in the school-room first,

\^:

I'ABTOHAL

and then on the

stage of mature
overconieth the \

life. This, says St, John, is

victory wh
6 c, 4 V.) - . ' "^^

The duty of inculcating religion must be exercised iu tl'^'*^
«.jif>M^.if^m and not relegated to the parents^ wearied with
their day's hard work, and perhaps unable or unwilling to fulfil
it. This duty must not be confined to Sunday, for the inipres-
siowH made during that day an^ too easily effaced during the
subsequent week. The blessed influence of religion must per- C

s >

•>>

meatc and illumine all the days of youth, as the sun, pouring *. ^
its radiance tiirough the storied window of some ancient cathe- .^ vr^
)lral, shows, in glorious colors, the images of Christ and His
-saints, tliat else would have remained dim or invisil)le. " It h>
good for n man when ho hath borne the yoke from his youth,"
( Lameu. :» e., 27 v.) — the yoke of Christian education, which i.s
that which Christ desires us to take up, adding that " His yoke
is sweet, and his burden light." (Matt. 11 c.,20-.S0 \.') "A young
man, iut-ording to his way, even when be is old, be will not
depart from it," (I'rov. 20 c, G v.,) and when, in the Cljris-
tiau .school, the child is made to remember his Creator, he is
not likelv to forwt Him iu his maturer vears.

KnUCATION l-MrAUTi;!) IN TlIK ('OMMON ScilOOLS NuT liKUGIOUy.

The education taught in the comnu)u schools of Ontariois
not truly religious (.r Christ ian. TTis true that it is asserted
that religion is not ignored iu these schools, since Christian
mondity is inculcated and the Bible is read therein ; although,
of course, the distinctive doctrines of each Christian denomina-
tion are not, and ciinnot bo taught in them. But we hold that
r«di;aoji witbi_Mil (b)|£m{i_is not Christianity, and that the ^lov/ers
of Ciiristiun morality and virtue can only flourish and l)loom
under the shelter of the well-defined doctrines of Christ.
(Christian morality cannot be taught without a knowledge of
Christ, and tliat again neces.sarily involves a knowledge of His
person. His history, His teaching. His commandments, and His
Church; it involves, in oilier words, Christianity iti its entire-

w. A'/t? ,}{ (,

I r^u Kft rj^^ne^ ^M..t ^n^ ivxa <t»«</>r^^i«.

t(. I,!^'-' —

\.y

■ y tv r

rA.STt)i;A[. I.KITKI:.

vy- (.,» and completeness, j In what schools soever tlien the
\y distinctive doctrines of oiii' holv religion n re not taii;jht,'
Christian nioraliiv cannot lif> tanglit : /and when Christian

> . morality is not taught, tlic lu^art, and conscience, and will o
r '* / young are liivc u neglect.'d field overgrown witli rank

f the
and
'i poisonous weeds. Tlu^ morality inculcated in common schools
.^ must neces.'^avily l>c ba^ed on the assumption that all Christian
/ denominat ioi

ins ai't; et

jually good, an assumption which of course
is utterly untrue, ;inu must necessarilv result in religious

indiiyerentism,*.--'TheTl!n)le may ho read in these schools, hut
_ ».^hough '•' all scripture in.spired of God is profitahle to teach, to

V reprove, to correct, to instruct unto justice,'" — Tim. 2nd v., ord l'^
V :^ f., It IS oidv so wlien interpreted bv the infallible Church c^S,]. ?
^ ^ Christ, to whtun l)elong the Scriptures and the true meaning) j |
^ $ thereof; for, if interpreted by fallil)]e private judgnicnt, it mavL^l^I^
,i)e '• wrested to tl»e eternal ruin and perdition of its readers,'; 4:
i"::^ — (Peter, 2nd ep., ord c, 16 v..) and is sure to beget innumerable
o ^.jarring and discordant sects, speaking a very Babel of tongues,
3. '^ tearing into .shreds the seamless garment of Christ, i;'id by their
,^ ^ wranglings and cgntentioiis itringing Christianity itself into

•» J
J'-^

contempt.

" It is iu>t," says Demaistrc, " th(! reading of the Scripture,
but tiie teacliing of it by infallib le autlionj^' that is useful ; tlu-
gentle dove," he continues, " taking the grain in its bill, break-
ing it in pin-ts, and tlien distributing it to its young, is a natural
in "■/' of tlie Church explaining tlie true meaning of the written
W'jpi ' 'ler children. Head without notes a-nd an authoritative
cv] i.,;,a!ion, t'.e holy Scripture nuiy jn-ove a deadly poi.son."
rr. •!,> rluj (■■cliolic Church considers the reading of Scripture

* The mov.Tlity iiiciileatitl in coiniuoii hcIkioIh, if these schodls bo impartial to
all sects, must be baseil on the asKumjjtion that all Christian sects are equally
g()(Kl, T?ut we hold that, with justice to all Christian sects, it is imixissible that
the education impavteii in common schools could be rcligiou.s, for, as the London
Timm has lately said, "If education is to be religious at all, it must be at vari-
ance with the teaching of Bomo denominations." The mere choice of « xcrsion of
Scripture '• tnouuh to make tho school sfctariau. , . ^ ^

; ♦

lit

.! . .-. ^

y '^

[1"' J ♦»

'11

at
m
:i-
of

I'ASTOUAL LETTEK.

by chilclreii as an inadequate uiean:-; of inipartiiij^ to them
a religions instruction, and a,s a. usaw whorobv the Mord of
(Jod is t'xpoi^ied to irreverence, and tliu young in danger of
luisuiKi jrstanding its incaniiig, and of thereby receiving impres-
sions most iiijuriuus lo the s.ilvation of tlieir souls.

There is anotlier consideration to be added here: it- is the
Vianeful impressions that may be made on the young mihd by
uon-CaMiolic teacliers. The child is naturally disi)osed to
respect the teac.lier, to hjoic uj) to him as the embodiment ot
wisdom and a prodigy of learning, and to cijusider his words as
tiraeuhir utteraiujes, not to be ({uestioned for a moment. It is
easy flien to see what fatal, and ])erhaps lasting inij)re.ssions
may !)e made on pupils by a casual expression, a suggestive
hint, a sneer id ro})ish practices, n general tone of contem})t
for (.'atholic usages, indulged in by a teacher who is
not a (.'atliolif. We Ovir.selves have heard on good authority
that in a certain co;niiion sciiool in this Diocese, which several
Catholic childivit atiended, the icacher askvd in a loud voice: —
" Who bow down bd'ori' iniiigcs and adore them '." and the
answer of course was '• the Papists ! "

Hence the Bi.shops of Canada, in the iiisl J'lovincial .Svnod
of Quebec a.s.sembled. decreed a< follows :— Mixed .schools, in
which the children of the faitiiful, proniiscuonyly mix a\ ith the
children of non-Catholics, are taught none, or a false religion,
-we adjudgt! entirely dangerous, as l)eing calculated to beget
that plague of imitiety cnmmonly called indilferentism. Where-
fore we earnestly exhort tiie pastors oi souls to do all in their
j)Ower to i)ievent Catholic children from attending them. But
if, in some localities, in which no Catholic pchools exist. Catholic
children are ol>liged lo attend the mixed schools, let pastors and
parents take great care lest such diihlren insensibly inibi])ing
the poison of erroi'. .^houh! suirer the U^ss nj' Ijieir faitli and of

their purity. "

(.'oinnion schools, therefore, are not buch as Catholic iiarents
can, in conscience and in justice t«i their diildreii. patronize or

,J^

PASTOR/L LETTER.

cncoin-age ; and we hereby declare that Catholic parents can-
not, in conscience send their children to sncli schools, save in
the absence of Catholic schools, and cron then botli pastors and
parents, in the words of the abovc-citcd decree, must take the
greatest care lest the children sent to such schools should suffer
the loss of their faith and of their purity,

SAD EFFECTS OF EDUCATION DIVOKCED FilOM UELKJION.

Unchristian education is the very well-head of the impure
waters of impiety and unbelief that deluge this century. And
liow can it be otherwise ? The stream that flows from an
• impure fountahi must be itself impure; the education that
ignores the eternal world, and the sacred truths revealed by God
iind taught by his own true church, may sharpen the intellect
and quicken tlie mental powers, but it will leave the heart a
moral wilderness, and nni'=;t of necessity generate religious indif-
feventism and unbelief.

" From the heart,"' sny.s our blessed Lord, "■ Conu- forth
evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false testi-
monies, blasphemies," Matt. 15 c, 19 v. It follows, tluirefon',
tliat the education which does not cultivati' th<,' heart n(ji'
attempt to purify its affections or to cleanse and .'jwc^eton its
desires, must needs leave open the sluices to the impure tide of
all the evils that curse this miserab!^ world. What Chris-
tian man can contemplate without a .sln;dd(.'r tlie terrible
picture of indiff'erentism, inlidelity, and even hatred of Ciiristi-
anity, which is now exhibited both in Europe and Anierica :
The appalling crimes of the Paris Conmiune that made the
Avorld shudder M ith horror, the smoking ruivis of tiic noblest
and proudest erections of that Ij-^autifnl city, thti blood and
wounds of the maityred hostages attest to what blood-thirsty
savages, to wliat ferocious wild beasts, unchrij-tian and godless
educatioT. may reduce i.^en made in the image of God. Tf
European society is honey-combed witli infidel and anti-social
principles that are fast sapping the foundations on which law,
order and religion repose; if it is fast erumblin2 nnto ruin and

PASTORAL I.ETTEH.

chaos ; if it beholds the modern intellect and will in mad revolt
from Ohrist and His l)lessed religion ; if it shudders with fear
us it sees the gathering clouds of the; wild passions of the multi-
tude obscuring the whole firmament, and ready to burst in
thunder and destructive floods on its devoted head, it may
thank its unchristian schools that shut tlieir doors against the
f^rd and against Ilis Christ. Divine Wisdom hath said. " by
what things a man sinneth, by ihe same also he is ])unished.''
(Wis., lie. ]7v.)

Nor if Ave turn our eyes to uur American conlineul is the
specti'cle that meets them more cheering and encouraging. Heiir
what the American Bishops, assembled in Council in Baltimore
in 1866, had to say on the sad eifects as regards Catholics pro-
duced by the conanou schools of that country : —

" The experiencu of every day slunrs more and more plainly what strioua cviU
and great dangers are entailed uiion Catholic youth by tiieir fre(|uentation of pub-
lic schools in this country. Such is the nature of the Kystem of teaching therein
employed that it is not possible to prevent youn^' C'atliolics from incurring through
its influence danger to their Faith and morals, nor cuu ive ascribe to any otho-
cause that destructive upirit of indiifercn 'srn which luis made, and is now making
such rapid strides in this country, and that corruption of morals which we have to
deplore, eren in those of tender years. Familiar intercourse w ith those of false
religions, or of no religion ; the daily use of authors who assail with calumny and
sarcasm our holy religion, its practices, and even its Saints these gradually impair
in the miuds of Catholic children tho vigor and influence of the true religion. Be
^ides, the morals and examples of their fellow-scholars are generally so cornii)t,
and so great their license in word and deed, that, through continual contact with
them, the modesty and piety of our children, even of thosi- who I.ave been best
trained at home, disappear like wax before the fire.

But Catholic Bishops are not liic otdy witnesses to the
terrible consequences that flow from atlcndauco at these god-
less schools. The December number of the American Edvca-
tional Monthljj, a magazine published in New York, and i:
stout defender of secular educatior, thus ])lainly stated: — "Jt
is well to repciil here what was said in tlic begininng : 'hal
knowledge is not virtue itself, but oniv tlie hand- maid o^
vTtue. This is tho lesson of Connecticut statistics — a State
having a iirst-dass university as well as the usual network
of common schools : in every nine and seven-tenths marriages,

I'ASToRAL LKTTEH.

tiiei«

1)1

div(

univ(

?. Ohio, which has
sity comparable to Yale, and whose common schools are pre-
sutnably no better than Connecticut's, has but one divorce in
twenty-four marriages, in a much larger population. There
are graduates of common schools who make it their business
to procure divorces by observing prescribed foims, yet \\ itliout
the knowledge of one or the other of the parties— contrary to
the spirit of the law."

"Professor Agassiz," says a late Boston i)ftper, " has rtjcently
given a portion of his valuable time to the investigation of the
.social evil, its causes, and its growth, and the result has lilled
him with dismay. To his surprise, a large number of tln^
unfortunates who lead a life of sin and shame, traced tlx'ir fall
I«) influences that surrounded tliem in publii? schools." riiere
can be no doubt the same state of morals exists in other cities
of the Union, and may be traced to the sanie cause. The fact is
that godless education is fast dc-christianizing American society,
and is reducing it to a state in which it but too well answers t(»
the description given by St. Paul of those wlio, in his day,
banished God from education: — " And as they liked not," says
tiie Apostle (Koni. 1 c, 28 v.) 'to have God in their know-
ledge, God delivei'cd them up to a reprobate sense, to do those
things which are not convenient,- being lilled with all iniipiity,
malice, fornication ; jnoud, haughty inventors of evil things,
disobedient to parents, foolisli, dissolute, without affection,
without fidelity, without mercy, &c., &c. The picture is too
faithful, but it certainly is not flattering. ( 'an Catholic parents
contemplate it without a shudder t and ought they not make
every sa:;rifice to support and encourage our sej)arate schools, in
which their children are taught the j)rinciitles of that faith,
without which it is impossible !•> plea.se God, (Ifelt. c. 11.,)
whilst they at the same time receive a sound Catholic
education. It may be said tliat the common schools of Ontario
have not yet produced the terrible moral <ivils above referred
to ; but it may be replied that the seed has been too recently

; ♦

I'ASTORAI. LKTTKtt.

sown, iind that the religious impressions and Christian tradi-
tions brouglit from the liritish Isles, whore, until lately, the
ilenominational system of education prevailed, are as yet too
strong in the land. But wait a while ; like causes beget like
effects. Wait until the tree grows up to maturity, and then
you will see with sorrow what a crop of Dead-Sea apples it
shall bring forth. A bad tree cannot bring forth good fruit, and
every non-donominational system of education is radically bad,
and is tho cankor-worni that is eating at the very heart of
modern society,

TEACHING OF on; lIoLv F.vTHKu, rn;s ix, on rnrs SirBjECT,
In view of the evils produced by unchristian education, it
is not to be •wondered at that the Church, the spouse of Him
who so tenderly loved children, and who pronounced a woe
against all who sliould scandalize them, shoidd be deeply con-
cerned about their spiritual welfare, should labor to shelter
them, like precious Howers from the; blight of unbelief and bad
example; should take them up in her arms — tho.se tender
lambs of the fold, and place them in safe pasturages, and by
the pure and living sjuings of Catholic doctrines and virtues.
The Church prizes education, and is the mother of Christian
civilization, but she brands with her anathemas godless educa-
tion, which «le."<troyH the souls of so many children. She says,
with St. Augustine, " unhappy the man who knows all things
else but does not know Thee, O God ; but happy he who knows
Thee, even if he sliould be ignorant of all else. He who knows
Thee is happy, if, in knowing Thee, he glorify Thee, and give
Thee thanks, and be not puffed up in his own thoughts."
Hence the education that would ]>rovo a stumbling-block to
the child's salvation, even if it should procure him all wordly
profits, she must utterly disapprove. " The Church," says John
Heniy Newman, "regards this world and all that is in it as a
mere shade, us dust and ashes, compared with the value of
one single soul. She liolds that it were better for the sun
and moon to drop froiu heaven, for the earth to fail, and for

1(5

I'ASToUAL LEITEU.

all tlie many millions who are on it to die of starvation in
extremest agony, as far as temporal affliction goes, than that
one mil shauld he lout:' Directed and animated by this prin-
ciple, our holy Father, Pope Pius IX, has declared in the famous
Syllabus, that Catholics cannot "approve of a system of edu-
cating youth unconnected with Catholic faith and the power
of the Church, and whicli regards the knowledge of merely
natural things; and only, or at least primarily the onrls of
(sirthly social life." ('SyllaluH, ].r(,p. 48."

Our lioly Father has also, in writing to the Archbi.shop of
Freiburg, in (Icrmany, laid down the Catholic doctrine on tliis
subject in the following i)lain and emphatic statement :- -

"It is »K>t wonderful that these unhai)i)y efforts [to spread irroligii»u» and
revolutionary principles] should be directeil chiefly to cornipt the training and
education of yojith ; and there is no doubt that the yreate-t injury is inflicted on
society when the directing' authority and salutary power of the Church are with
drawn from imljliu and private education, on which the hnpinncBs of the Church
and of the commonwealth depends ko much. Fo" thuH society i», little by little,
deprived of that truly Christian spirit which alone can permanently secure the
foundation of peace and public order, and jtromote and direct the true and useful
progress of civilization, and give man those helps which are neces.sary for liim in
iirder to attain after this life his last end hereafter -eternal happiness. And in
truth a system of teaching which not only is limited to the knowledge of natural
things, and dot^ not pass beyond the boimds of our life on earth, but also dejtarti*
fnmi the truth revealed by iiod. must necessarily be guided by the spirit of error
an 1 lies ; and education, which without the aid of the Christian doctrine and its
salutary moral j)reccpts, instnicta the minds and moulds the tender heart of youtli,
which is so prone to evil, must infallibly produce a generation which will have no
guide but its own wicked pas^sions and wild conceits, and which will be a source of
the greatest misfortune to the commonwealth and to their own families. But if
this detestable system of education, so far rem«ved from Catholic Faith and
eocltBiastical authority, becomes a source of evils both to individuals and t"
society, when it is employed in the higher teaching, and in schools frequented by
the better class, who does not see that the same system will give rise to still
greater enls if it be introduced into primary schools ? For it is in these schools,
.vbove all, that the children of the people ought to be carefully taught from their
tender years the mysteries and precepts of cur holy religion, and to be traine<l
with diligence to piety, good morals, religion, and civilization. In such 8cho<ds
religious teaching ought to have 8i> hading a place in all that concerns education
and instruction that whatever else the children may learn should appear subsidiary
to it. The young, therefurc, ure exiKmed to the greatest perils w henever, in the
schools, education is not clo-sely united v. ith religious teaching. Wherefore, since
[trimary achooJB are e.';lal>lished chjefly to give the people a religions education)

» .

I'AsTOItAL LETTEIl.

and to lead them to piety and Chriatlau morality, they have justly attracted to
themselves, in a greater degree than other educational institutions, all the care,
solicitude, and vigilance of the Church. The design of withdrawing primary
•chools from the control of tho Church, and the excrtiona made to carry this
design into effect, are therefore inapirtd by a spirit of hostility towards her, and
l>y the desire of extinguishing among the people the diviuo light of our holy
I'^aith. The Church which has founded these schools has ever regarded them
with the greatest cure and interest, and looked ipon them as the chief object of
lier ecclesiastical authority and government, and whatsoever removed them from
her inilicted serious injury both on her and on tho schools. Those who pretend
tliat the Church ought to abdicate or suspend her control and her salutary action
upon the i)rimary schools, in reality nsk her to disobey tiie commands of her
i >ivine Author, and to ha false to the charge sho h.i3 received from God of guiding
nil men to sidvation ; and in whatever country this pernicious de;sIgn~iST'removiug
the scliooh from the ecclcHiastical authority should be entertained and carried into
execution, and tlie j'oung thereby expoaed to tho danger of losing their Faith,
there tlie C!lun-uh would be in <luty hound not only to use her best efforts, and to
employ every means to secure for th<>m the necessary Christian education and
iastructif n, but, moreover, v.v.uld feel herself obliged to warn all the Faithful,
and to declare thnt no one ca:\ in oouRcicnce frequent such schools as being adverse
tothe (.'fttholic Churo.'i." *

^^ 1

• V : . : j

5: '

^n^ '^

l^ ■*

* » '

- sJ V .

1- ^

? -C^L-;

OiTR DUTY AS (.'ATHOLICS AND PARF.N'TS.

In tlie lace of tlicst^ solemn utterances of tlio infallibJe head
of the Chni'ch, and of otir own Canadian hierarchy, whose words
we have already quotcnl, no Catliolic can, conscientiously,
patronize the connnon or '•' mi.Kcd " schools, so long as he has
I'atholic sehouls in which to educate his children. We are
bound to ohi'y tb.e Chiircli in this vital matter; " He that will
not hear the Church,"' s'lys Christ, "let him be unto thee a
heathen and a publican, — (Matt. 17c., 18v.") " lie who heareth
you, heareth me.lie wlio d^:s])iseth you,dcspiseth me." (Luke lOc,
16v.) " Obey your prelates and be subject to them," says St. Paul,
" For tlicy watch as being to render an account of your souls," —
(Ileb. 13c., 17v.) Listen then to the voice of this divnie guide,
and follow her directions, " "Whosoever shall do so, peace on
them and mercy, and uju)!! the Israel of God," — (Gall. Gc, IGv.)

You have hitherto done wonders — you and otir faitliful
clergy — to establish separate schools, and to encourage and sup-
port them. Let us exhort you to persevere in this great and

PASTOKAL LETTEK.

good work ; by doing so you will bring blessings innuraerable
upon yourselves and the children committed to your care.
The separate S3hool law is sadly dafective in many respects,
and throws serious obstacle;} in the way of the success of our
separate schools ; but still we must bear in mind the old adage,
that a " half-loaf is better than no bread," and should try to
su})ply by our zeal and spirit of sacrifice and unanimity the de-
fects of tlie law.

Labor, earnestness and devotion will overcome all obstacles,
and the seeds which we sow in this matter of Catholic educa-
tion, amid so much toil and so many harassing difficulties, will
be sure to produce a rich harvest of blessings here, and of un-
ending joys hereafter. " They who sow in tears, shall reap in
joy." (Psalm 1 25). Tt will be the duty of our beloved clergy,
who have already made so many sacrifices in the sacred cause
of Catholic education, to see that the separate schools are as
efficient as possible. Let them take caie that the teachers are
persons of good characters and blameless lives ; that the Cate-
chism is regularly and carefully taught, and the secular educa-
tion as thorough and satisfactory as may be required.
It is by union of priests and parents, both being animated
by a sense of their solemn duty, that this sacred cause, so dear
to our hearts, can be made to prosper. Both pastors and
parents are strictly bound, each in their respective spheres, to
labor for the salvation of the little ones of Christ, and to bring
them up in the fear and love of God. Failing in
this paramount duty, they will iocur a dreadful re-
sponsibility before God and His holy Church ; they will de-
serve the woes that Christ pronounces against those who scan-
dalize His little ones, and the biood of the lost children will be
required at tlieir hands. (Ezekiel 3 c, 18 v.)

Reflect on this. Christian parents ! At the last day it will
not, be asked of you, if you loft your children wealthy, if you
procured for them honors and rich possessions, if you provided
tliem with a brilliant secular education, if you taught them the

PASTORAL LETTTIR.

art of makin},' money, or the like ; but the great question will
he, " What has become of their souls ?" The enormity of the
sin of neglecting the Christiau education of chiklren is equalled
ill Scripture to tliat of denying the faith itself: " If any man
have not care of his own, and especially of those of his house,
he hath denied the faith, and is v/orse than an infidel." (I Tim.
5 c, 8v.) And if our blessed Loid will on the last dread-
accounting diiy deny before His father and befo\ His angels
those who deny llim, what will lie do to those who are worse
than infidels, who are declared to be wore than those who deny
Him, in tliat they neglected the Christian education of their
children ? It was the strong conviction of their solemn duty in
this regard — a conviction that burned with the fire of faith in
their souls, which urged our forefathers to sacrifice all that was
dear to them on earth — liberty, property, and often life itself*
rather than fail in tlicir duty of handing down the faith, pure
and undefiled, to tlieir children. This is the precious legacy we
have received from them — a legacy endeared to us by their
sufferings and tears ; and we shall be recreant to our duty as
Christians, and base and degenerate as their children, if we make
not every sacrifice to pass down this treasure, pure as gold that
is fire-tried, to our descendants.

Thus, honor, conscience, faith, the example of our fore-
fathers, the voice of our holy Church, and the commands of
God — all considerations of our honor as men, and of our duty
as Catholics, call upon us to be faithful to our trust as Catholic
parents, to support and encourage our separate schools, and our
Catholic colleges and convents. V)y doing so we shall plant the
faith deep in this Western soil, we shall leave behind us a legacy
of great price, more precious far than all the riches of earth,
and we " siiall lay up to ourselves treasures in heaven. where
neither tlie rust nor moth doth consume, and where thieves do
not break through nor steal." (Matt. G c, 19 v.) "They that
instruct many to justice shall shine as stars for all eternity."
(Dan. 12 c, o v.)

'20

I'ASTOKAL LEITEK.

Parochial LiuuAuiKii.
Tlie education imparted in the separate schools, (•utholi(;
colleges and convents should be continued cud improved by
good parochiallibraries, stored with Catholic literature. It is
not on bread alone that man lives, hi;.; mind requires food as
well as his body, find if ho cannot iiiid tiound mental food,
ho will seek tliat which is unwholesome and poisonous. This
is an age of extraordinary mental activity, and in this intellec-
tual activity we should have OiU" shai'u ; but we must take care
ihat whil.-it cultivating the nund we be not seduced to eat of the
forbidden tree of the knowledge of evil. It was the niortal
taste of this forbidden tree tliat " brought death unto tin; world
and all our woos," and it .still continues to send forth on society
as from a poisoned fountain a torrent of impiety, irreligion and
immorality. Tlic anti-Catholic literature that Hoods this Conti-
nent is a peculiar danger for f)ur people. Newspapers, maga-
zines, and other periodicals and Tiovels arc all impregnated with
the spirit of hostility to Catholic faith and practices ; and as the
constant drop wears the stone, so the habitual reading of such
literature bligths the freshness of the faith, dulls the moral
icnse and fills ihc mind with views and principles thai are in
direct conflict with the principles and practices ol" tlio Catholic
Church. Hence you v,ill sometimes luceb wi'Ji men who can
listen with composure to bitter calunniies ur.tered against tlieir
spiritual mother, who hold in theory the faith, but who dislike,
if they do not positively disapprove of its time-honored practices,
simply because they are railed at by Protestants, men in line
whose .'sympathies are not with us, and whose heart.'^ have
grown cohl towards the Church in lier labor;^, and towards
file Holy Father in his great but unmeriU'd aliiiclions. And
v.hy tliis sad fact '. Simply because men will read anti-Catholic
literature, and will not open a (.'atholic book which would act as
an antidote to the poison. You cannot long breathe pestilential
atmosphere with impunity, nor can you walk in tlie summer
sun without being tanned. Thu virtue of purity may be dee*

I'AbTOKAL LEITEK.

troyeJ by the periral of immoral books, ami so the virtue of
faith may bo weakened and ultimately destroyed by the readiii.t;
of unti-Cutholic literature. A3 wo arc situated here, pretty
mueh as our co-religionista arc situated in England, the re-
marks of the illustrious Archbishop Mannin-,' on this head will
be to the point here : — " We live," says the Archbishop, " in a
country which for thl-ce huudred years has been pervaded by a
spirit of opposition to the Catholic Church. Everything round
about us is full of antagonism to the Faith. Tijc whole litera-
ture of this country is written by those "'ho, sometimes uncon-
sciously, sometimes consciously, assume an attitude of hostility
to it. r say sometimes unconsciously, because, being born in
that state, they often do so without being aware tliat they have;
received an heir-loom of false principles and of false histories
respecting the Holy Catholic Church. Without knowing ir,
tlu^y are perpetually incorporating them with what they write ;
so that tlie greater part of tiie litcraturq of this country, wliich
is in the hands of us all, contains a systematic contradiction of
that which wo believe. The newspapers wliich iill the v/hole
country djiy by day, arc animated by a spirit which is agaiuK!
us ; and they are iilled by details and narratives, and correspon-
dence, and they must forgive me if I say, fables, fictions, i'abri-
cations, absurdities — anytliing that can pander to the inoi-
l)id appetite, to the craving for scandals against Catholic
institutions, against Catholic priests, against Catholif. nuns.
The other day wo road attacks against certain nuns in Paris,
which, for studied ])ut transparent falsehood, were worthy of
the commission of Henry VIII. How is it possible that
Catholics can read these things day by day, and their eyes, and
imaginations, and hearts receive insensibly no stain from them ?
They who walk in the sun cannot help being tanned. You go
to and fro i^ the midst of all this literature and all these daily
calumnies, you breathe this atmosphere charged with untruths
— how is it possible that you should be unaffected by them ?
Do we not hear Catholics sav : — " Am I to believe this ?" " Can

I'ASTOKAJ. LCTTKR.

1 contradict it ?" " If it be not contradicted, tliero must be
some trntli in it." Little by little it {•ots into the minds of men
uitli, " 1 su])po.so, then, it cannot bo denied ;" " Where there is
smoke there is fire." In this way falsehoods are insinuated.
They are either never contradicted, or the contradiction is never
imblished, or if published, hardly seen. The slander has done
its work, and the stain remains."

And again :

"There is little mortification of the intellect ; the intellect
ranges without check and without limit ; men read every book
that comes to hand, every newspaper tln-y lind on the table.
They do not ask whether it is for the Faith, or against the
Faith ; is it heretical, or is it .sound ; is it ])ure, or is it impure.
They begin without disciimination ; they read on without fear;
they find the book to be heretical, erroneous, .«candalous,
licentious, and yet they do not bum it ; they do not even put
it down. Tfie CatljolicCliurclj strictly and wisely prohibits the
reading of any books that are written by tlio.se ' »io have fallen f
from the Faith, or teach a false doctrine, or im])ugu the Faith,
or defend errors.. And that lor tliis plain and sound reason :
tlie Church knows v(!iy well that it is not one in a thousand
who is able to unravel the subtlety of inlidel olijections."

' Tn view of these dreadful ravages caused by an innnoral and
iinchristian literature, we mo.st earnestly warn our flock away
from .sucli poi.sonous pastures, and we declare to them that they
cannot in conscience read books tliat are dangerous to their
faith and morals, as tljey are forl)iddcn to do so by the divine
and eccl iiastical law. We earnestly exhort our beloved clergy
to establish in their respective missions paroeliial libraries, so
as to place within reach of their people good Catholic books
which will explain and vindicate the doctrines of our Holy
Church, and refute olyections against them, wliich will serve
to improve the heart whilst imparting useful instruction to the
mind. We must encourage Catholic literature ; we must
''oppose the attacks of falsehood and immorality by the arms of

;».

TASTOltAL LliTTRU.

truth and purity, nnd \}m we can do by the establishment of ^

parochiul libraries Good books are so many effective preacUora
oi trutli and sound morality. Tliey instruct and edify; they enter-
tain and improve ; they elevate and refine the tasto, and contri-
bute to a pure and healthy tone of mind. In a country likd
this, in vviiicU many families live far from Church, and are ^'
unable to assist at mass and hear a sermon every Sunday, tho "^
circulation of i;ood books would seem to be a positive duty
not a necessity. Our clergy sliould also encourage their people ^
to take well-conducted Catholic newsjiapcrs. As it is numbers ^
of families lake cheap weekly newspapers, which, whilst they
do not contain a singh; friendly word towanls the Catholic '^
Church, are stuffed with gusliing accounts of " tea-mcetings,'\ t|
" socials," " Bible meetings," ct hoc ffcnm omne. ]»y tho perusal ^^
of such papers, some lose tlie very lanjjuage of Catholiciam, aD4.j
adopt t]iat of the conyeiiiid..Q.^'^hus you will hear some people A
/^say that they are going to " prayers " or to " meeting " when they |
mean that they are going to assist at the holy sacrifice of i\\^
MaW;^.- It is ea.sy to >seo wliat injury all this is calculated to
inmct, for inaccuracy of language iti such matters logically
begets a confusion an<l inaccuracy of ideas, and destroys tin;
correct notions which shouUl bo entertained of Catholic doc-
trines. Our people, we re])cat, should take good Catholic news-
papers which will bring tliem into more direct relationship with
the Catholic world, which will tell them what their brethren in
this and other lands arc doing for the triumph of truth and the
promotion of Catholic interests, and will thus make them take a
lively interest in the work and labors and trials of the world-wide
church of which they are members, and which, in line, will lake
them as it wore out of their isolation and .solitude in the remote
townships and back-woods of tlie country, and make them par-
take of the great current of Catholic life. The Catholic press .
has a great and glorious mission to fulfil in this country and it j
should be encouraged and fostered by all who have the sacred^
interests of the Ciiurch at heart. ^" ^ T"} \

^;>i-

PASTORAL LKTTKIt.

II \vc hiive drawn out this Pastoral to so great a length, tho
vital importance of tlie subject treated must plead our justifica-
tion. We have endeavo ed to point out the importance of
Catholic education, and the dangers that result from an unchris-
tian education. We have .shown that the education imparted,
in the common schools of Ontario cannot be religious, for the
simjilo reason that it cannot, in justice to all sects, be denomi-
national. AVe have pointed out tlie duty of our clergy and of
our Catholic parents on this subject, and we earnestly exhort
them to be faithful to it. To insure tlie eflicient working of
our separate school system: — We, having invoked the holy name
nf God, deem it our duty to ordain as lollows :--

Art. 1. — Xo Catholic parent, living within the legal limits
of n .separate school, shall send his (.•hildren to mixed or com-
mon schools, they being adjudged by the Canadian hierarchy as
dangerous to faith and morals. Should any Catholic parent
uufortun.Ttcly persist in violating this ordinance, he shall be
refused the holy Sacraments until such time as he shr.U con.Sv-^nt
to obey the Cliurch in this matter.

Ai;t. I [.---Every Catholic rate-payer living within the kgul
limits of a separate school, shall pay his school taxes to said
-choiil under a penalty of being refused tb.e holy Sacrament.^.
If foi' grave and special reasons, exemptions should b.e claimed
IVniii the;-'e ordinances, let the pastor, and, if n. cessary, th<t
r.is:]u)p be consulted, and their directions followed:

We hereby renew the following wise ordinances of our
predecessor : --

AuT. T. — In every school section whose tru.stees are Catholics,
no other than a practical Catholic shall be chosen to fulfil the
duties of a teacher, whether male or female.

AuT II. — The school trustees are to consult their respective
Pastors, in regard to tlie ap})ointment or dismissal of the said
teachers, as v/cU aa in nil thit concerns the general good of the
Pniochial School,-).

PASTORAL LETTEK.

Art. III. — In case of a dissent between the Pastor and the
Trustees in this matter, recourse shall be liad to the Bishop,
wlio, after liearing both sides, will give a decision which shall
be fnial.

AuT. rV. — Inasniucli as any scliool established and main-
tained in o]))Dosition to tiie.se rules, can no longer be con.sidered
as Catholic : the Tastor, after consulting the Bishop, will forbid
parents to supjiort said schools, or to send their children
tliither.

"For the rest, brethren, whatsoever tilings are true, whatso-
ever modest, whatsoever just, whatsoever holy, whatsoevtM-
k)vely, whatsoever of good fame — if there be any virtue, if any
praise of discij)line, think on these things. The things which
you have both learned and received, and iieard, and u, these
do ye, and the Lord of Peace shall ])e with you." (Phil., c. iv.,
V. 8—9.)

May the peace and blessing «)i Almighty (xod, Father, Son,
and Holy (ihost, descend u[)ou you and abidt? with you foriiver.

This pa.storal shall 1»l' read on Sundays in all the Churches
ami religious communities of the Diocese, as soon td'U'i' its
reception as may lie convenient.

(liven at our Kjtiscopal residence, London, on New Year's
day, the feast of tiu' Circumcisiini of our Lord, A.l). ll^T'J,
under our haml and .-cal, and liii' ('ouiUcr signature of our
Secretary.

f -lOlIN, Jiis/toji 0/ Loiiilvn.
[LS.J

V>\ ordi-r ot ids Lordship.

Ni(;hulas (!aiian, >>rr.