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COLONIZATION
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VANCOUVER'S ISLAND.
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, , LONDON :
IMtlNTUD FO« ninULP AND SON, I'J, HOYAJ, KXCHANUJi,
nV E, CdlCilMAN, 10, 1 HKOUMOKl'OS 8rȣCl'.
K ' 1849.
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Jt;/l>r) -ult KKlft !l'»|t iilld) '-{iliviill /llliCIITdK) /tlK Ki'ftO^lluH 'iil'r
ot fwftij 'f( f.nn!) (firJ'i H?lnm ot vixen "D! ,|iifiilKT eilr 'lit >itftil) rr
T2aift?'in 111 -imtiv'h -i-' <■•■>•', '>•! v .^("■•(f'fMoh s''/^^"iMW tmII [n ti(.(|
COLONIZATION ''^f^i f^^"^ '"f* '»•
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■•■■;; va"n CO uH!^e'r''s ■'is'ti'N i>y:.
111 lif'jil fwf «)t ^ffT' if* n-t h\'->h httrtf 'tflt ;o> •^•r>n fH| fifffloM '"
'. Among- the various quarters to wliicli the eye of the Intending
EmigTiint is now directed, Vancouver's li^Iand holds u conspicuous
phice. ' ■ ' , .
Forming- a part of the seaboard of N. W. Altii'erl^a, and' extend-
ing from 48 deg. 17 min. to 50 deg-. 55 min. north latitude, and
from 123 deg. 10 min. to 128 deg. 30 min. west longitude, it occu-
pies a hig-hly important aosition both with respect to the coasts
and islands of the Pacific. It is only a few days' sail fi-om Cali-
fornia, a country rapidly increasing in population, and in want of
its staple productions ; and it is not much farther from the Sand-
wich Islands, with which it already carries on a thriving- trade.
With these advantages of situation are combined others derived
from the natural capabilities and resources of the island, which ai-e
of no ordinary kind. It possesses a vanety of excellent harbours;
its rivers abound with salmon ; and the seas around it with other
fish of various sorts, as cod, herrings, halibut, &c. Whales, also,
in vast numbers, frequent the neighbouring seas. Coal, of superior
quality, is found in the greatest abundance, and also limestone ;
and there is plenty of the finest timber of different kinds, oak,
ash, beech, pine, cedar, &c. ' * ' ,
t'^'The climate resembles that of England, but is rnilder; and the
soil, as far as cultivation has hitherto extended, has been proved to
be well adapted to the production of wheat ;ind other crops grown
in this country. The potato arrives at inusual perfection, and is
cultivated to a considerable extent by the natives, who, it may be
added, have been found very useful as labourers. Stock of all kinds
IS easily reared, and thrives well. '
Tilt' ITiulson's Piiy Oompiiny liiivini^- obtnincd from tlip Crown
n Clnuit of tliH fsliiiul, iiic icinly to iiiiikc Siili (iniiits of Jjiiiid to
tmy cniioTiiiitH from (Jrciit llritiiiu or licliiiul, or from any other
p.irt of Her Miije.sty's dominions, vvlio may ]»' ilt'siroUf* of Hettliny
on the Huid i.slun(l/j[)^)t4elfoiloJi(idyv^otiAidotif* :■>—
Ist, — That no g-rant of lunfJ.Hliall eontuin less than twenty
5ioros.
2ruL— rThut jmrol^iisers of Ipud^lmy |;)t^;t^) tbo ITndson's Bay
•■ (^•onilSnny, at tIumi* iri^^^e in LciVidon, the ,^um of Ono
Pound \H'r acre for tin! land sold to them, to he held in
fiee and common soccafi^er —
13rd, — That purchasers of land shall provide a ))assag'e to Van-
., 1^ j(-m^yev\s Jalandib4\^theii;\f*elyii?^;Uf)(l tluiu; ^iuuilief^^, it.they
M»onoii(«a^V^P.*}?^):;f IS^M Fovia^,4 ,>vi^h]^i;pius,sjt^e (ff tltey pro^ev
it) on paying' for the same at a reasonahle rate.
, ,4th, — Th^t.purclr.wrs of, lai'g-qriuuautititji.s of laud shall pay
-jnool't ^f.l'^^-ftBf ;With,%ni;,fiv,e,i, single /n^Hr ^ ^^'^^ minmd
(^t^ao') ftilf'^W%<'f%^^'rTJ !fMwlVfi»l.fiC^'f«rirntTo/]mt /J.biif <• ^'»'»,
r ry'jtiij^y^'^'h.at i||lj I nuivu'als^, wherever j^buudj yhftll hejqnglto .the
'to imvu ,!pR?PJ"^ft^^i.^l^[?wflff^lllViv.? the ri^jlit of digging- for thp
, p ^ .^stqTK^, coH^pejistitj}.];! being' made, to the owner of the .soil
. . tor, apji injpy .done to tlju.' ,'^ujffjjee; hiiv that the 8i,<id
[.T/ho!. > :"^^?^'y.'.ll*f^ll! •1^)^>'^ %^ Pi'jyilege qf woikiuy- for his own
ma ihiil ii^^^f'^h^W) *r°^J^rWWe ,tha,t njay he on Jii«,.la,ad, on pny^
• Kurod'ii;iP'rP^ 9^:i^'W^^^J of t.vvq,slulUng'!S; and .sixpence per toii'„>
f,(U|i,— That,,, the right.pf iisWng',,prpp9sod to he given tq.thp
dels aoliJ?'^^*^""'** ^'}(X!!9*?"^P'^''^^\^" ^^^^ grant, as printed in the
^•.r. ^iPurJianientarv PapeJft^ relative to Vancouvea't; Ii-Jurid
. . haying'; been relintjuii^hed, every freeholdjijsr shall enjoy,
\ ^t,,tlfe,rij^-littj<if fishing- all i^ort^j of fi«h,hi tUy seas, hays, ijijiji).
^ inlets of, or surrounding", the.said lilaridj and Uint alj.
f. , the ports and harhom-s, fjlndl he open and, free to them,
and ,tp Jill n?itigns,,jeitj^fy,' trading- ov seeking, shelter
91
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iiwo'n^ f-.t
^ti:
lerein,
F^'.^^ti hu. Jmdw'to noitMifboT(| (uIj 0.t hoJqjti.Ci IJyw ')d
As it i^s easQntial to, tpe well-being of society iJiat the means^of
xv'Jk-ipn^ -jris^ru^Jjilion j?h!^^ .withiii th^. reach, of every inanijj^v
oi*the community, jirovision will be in^side fortl^e estjablishifvent.oli
re.
6^
of religion, iifcAhiih^'td'a^lttn (if Wliieli tli^'ilillowih^ W'rttt'
oj;/iJu()':'ii >»"- )>n^< ^^l '<ill iMlwirf ,i»'wo»f ^i>M'jiI« m«il nwo-iO -ulT
• aili III 'joii <H oill "In tv«>i)*if1t fmrt '»itt>irr!.1^« filfirotj jffioff(|fi ot /t»D .0
*"'^ l(?!';^Tlrci,<*\nll''ij/t() bfl'(!fvMH(r{ni!ryMwtf<M<'6f'!VHW flv«lw>^
Jii.it "I- "WTi'j^rpiWrf' niiJf's'ii-lrpVfi'if 'W'jsVti^Wftl>«i.'''''''^'J'- ''M.''l' ""
^^^^' ^i«','iiiA J^hrtion rtf MtK?, 'S[«rpij<l''fo' 'ono^f^j^^litTibf'tiw Vf«*^tH^-
tied to 040 aorfis, nml the reniaiiiin«^''«4(VftCi'W'W1('>\t!(t bri'
' -^^WhiWe frii- HSitds, ' tfte ' P!jp : chbMl ' ' iifWt • ' iJliltrt'livim I ,
Bchools, or otlier pililic pnrj)oses; the hind so reserved,
01- its pi'oociMls, to h(! apjiropriatfid for these purj)oscs iu
such iiuiuiity-, i»f Wjiuy apptiiU' ixdvi^Vlo.
3rd, — With tli ; viewot enaljlin;^- the mmis'ters to bring- their
-'rro'hd -lands int« cultivation a ; fr^e passag-e to ^JO' grant^^l to
.j'lOiff.o ))!8uoli a nnriilwr of poTHoHS as a rtettler kiviu}'" aix orpiul
'^0 vin.fp .f|unhtity of land vrouUl be reqtured to take out, tW corit.
-ti/p if'jilito be paid out of the fiimd hdld in trust fir'tlie benefit of
. TtilJ'. •*>.,) {fhe roh)iiy.
-■no'4th,i~The sevei-al a])portionment8 for purposes of reli^n to
be conveyed to, and to be hold' by, the UoVernor and
hiifi ^H^x'< Cmuicil, in tnist for the parties app<jinted to perform, the
biui rtoji I clerical duties of the respective districts. .-iJum ,Rno«i*)99oire
bl.i; 'HiU .\,\> ,i-.-lO"-,(OOvfn ittil! ihui ^l^tiiyii •JUDl 3i[) 'Jol ViflKinic' )
'- Tlie thost matei'M 'provijrfons 'ofthe cormmissioii and instntctiona
to the Governor for the gt)vemnipnt of the colony, are. a^.^'uiTt
lows : — ■ ' ■ '• .'.,■ '. ■ : . ';,-.
'-The Governor is appointed by the Crown, with a Council of
seven mernlxers, likewise so appointed*' : .mrm^ltj Imn .s-Jiotrl .ViaCnHr
r The Governor is authorised to caJl Assemblies, to be elected by
tfee inhabitants holding* twenty acres of freehold land. ni'^iir
For this purpose, it is left to the discretion of the Governor tO)
til the TiuTnber of representatives 5 and to divide the islaud iftto,
electoral districts if he shall think such division necessary.
I'he Governor has the usual powers of prui-oguing-, or dibsclving'
such Assembly, "'(it ^Hi!'*' .v-h too!) »7 jwr; ^ihi/U ii'ibtvm'J
i Laws will be piassed by the Governor, Council, and Assembly, u
i The Leg-islature, thus constituted, will have full power to impose
6i^.
,....■■
taxfl8 and to regivlate the aflhirs of the island, ami to ,mipdify jt^;,
i|:^¥^^titutiofts,,si^ljject,|tp the usual control of the Crown. ,. |,,j ;,,
The Crown has already power, under tlie 1st and 2nd Geo,,,Iiy,„
c. 66, to appoint Courts of Justice and Justices of the Peace in the
ImdiftOi twjtojrfes, pf , wfai^h, yanpouver's I,sland forms a paKt ; hut
as the jurisdiction pfjsuoh Courts -sv^as, by the 12tli section of that
^(jt) Itinaitedin^^-iiriljcases to causes not involving more than £200
iii.,V^ljne, ^d zaci|i,uii'^aJ.,9a&es,lo s,Ujch,as a^.e not capital or trans-
poittaWci' (»tt ot, ;whip^i >v^eji^e,.to,he tried in Canada), an Act was
p^^fted ill thfii, J38t Session of Paplianaent hyjvv'hich thosey estrictions
were WJl#ely Tei»pved.,.,ff,.^.vT -:f,i htrp ,■")v^^^ *)i<) nt hM^
; Kjchvd i^lanshaid, Esq., has h^en appointed Governor.
Jildua
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(li 8!3'so({'UKj osfidt -ilj^ J.>^tjiriq(>-i<[({ii Vjt
01
lOlllO TO
r
;l(K>rl'>ir;
r. , CONDITIONS OF THE GRANT. . ''"' ,
•) ! ' W ! I t ' i I'll ' , ' f ' ■
' Now krow ye, that We, being moved by the reasons before-
mentioned, do by these presents for us, our hdrs, and successors,
g'ive; grant, and confirm unto the said Governor and Company of
Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay, and their suc-
cessors, all that the said island called Vancouver's Island, together
with all royalties of the seas upon the coasts within the limits afore-
said, and all mines royal thereto belonging :
And further we do, by these presents, for us, our heirs, and
successors, make, create, and constitute, the said Governor and
Company for the time being, and their successors, the true and
absolute lords and proprietors of the same territories, limits, and
places, and of all other the premises (saving always the faith,
allegiance, and sovereign dominion due to us, our heirs and suc-
cessors for the same), to have, hold and possess and enjoy the said
ten'itory, limits, and places, and all and singular other the premises
hereby granted as aforesaid, with their and every of their rights,
members, royalties, and appurtenances whatsoever, to them, the said
Governor and Company, and their successors for ever, to be holden
of us, our heirs, and successors, in free and common soccage, at the
yearly rent of 7s., payable to us and our successors for ever, on the
Ist day of January in every year :
Provided always, and we declare, That this present grant is
made to the intent that the said Governor and Company sliall
establish upon the said island i settlement or settlements of resident
I
8?
colbnistiS, ■emi^ftf.y ft-ora ' ortr Uiilte<! Kingtibni bf' Gi^at 'BWtrili^ dtid
Ii-elandy rt- frotn othei- onJ» doWiittk>nfi,fth'd 'Shall disposb tif theldiid
there as may be necessary for the pui'jfl<liy^s 'bf 'tt61tiiHJ5aJfl(m','lAild'^
th^' ihterrt that thd ^iaid €dtopWiy shkll, Mrith' a t^'^W^ 'to' thk "Afore-
said pilrpb^e»,"di!5pkJ3e oi ali'hrtds hereby ^^.ritfek='tl:l'4aieiii''^t' 'a
• 'r'etisoiiable? 'pifee*,' 6iefept :^b' mnch tliii'etef a« ifedV 'y "i-eqiitf^k^fHr
jmblic purposes : IWid' that aH tobfli^s 1rhM^'SbaiF'b^'T6iJelV6'd1](y
the sjlid Coriiptoi^ fdr ihh puichAs*' tof Mdhaaitid' a'ntt' aIso"i¥©tti sill
•l(jjlyihenW'AVhieh tii&y'be m»dfe to't^^ih'fo^
or btW iWinmls t6 be b^btaiA^id ifl ith^'sairf'islakdy oli^'M't-ilflit <if
searching ibr W gettm^ the' 'Uauie i^hfin'(ate^d6ducto^^f' slfffli
sums by w^y df profit a^ sMl kt exfe^ed &! i(f6toio&"6i^ M j^r
cent, froln the gross ^mourifr'teceived l^iihe' &8iid'Coi'ii'p&fej fi'd^
the sale of such Itod, and it W3Sp€!fct bf kiiclb fcoal tifif'b^He!!' !ftiiher'dls
as aforesaid) be applied tow'airds the cblbliizaitibn attd m'prbveta^lnt
bf the island r and that th^ bbrijpany shdH I'^'sei^e'ltir tl'ib"'ils^ of
'lis, oUr heirs, and siiccfessoi^j' hll su(ih latid as may be ^equir^d fbr
the formation ofnaVal establiShtti^iity/'ire^, bui^'h^fo, and auccessbr's
paying a reasonable price for the same, and. thpt the s^dQppapany
shall, once in every two years at the Ips:^, certify ,un^erth^, seal qf
the said Governor and Company^ to on^pf^^Q^ixr Principal SeqrptayJQS
of State, what colonists shall have been fi'om time to time settled
in the said island, and what land shall be disposed of as aforesaid :
jj^ And we.il^rther, decj^e, that , this prp^nt grant i& pia^b .upon
this condition, that if the said Qove,riior'aa4! Company ^^, n^t,
within thp ^tpx of five yeaj's frpip t^e date, of ;tb,ese!pre8Qj^t^y,haye
established, upon the said ^}^^ a .^ettjLenient .of resident colpnistB,
emigrants from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
or from other our dominions, and it shall, at any time, after the
expiration of such term of five years, be certified tp us, j^ur heir^, or
successors, by aiiy person who shall "be appointed by us, our heirs,
01- swljcessors, toiuiquir© into the 'coiiditibtt^ifsutihisIari(i;;thiftt such
settlement has not been established: afccbi^diii^ 'td tHa iritent '6^ this
our grant, or that the provikions hereitlbefbt^ 'etfentibiied reSpeclifi|^
th€i ditiiposal (rf land, and the jrt-ioe bf landW dM mmer&l^'lia!^' iftit
been; respectively fulfilled, it shall be kwftil fot ifs, bur h^r^j'-^n^
successor^, to 'WVoke this ^i-esent graht^'dhd t6 'fentfe. ii]()l6ia drid
reswme tlie said island and premises hereby grahteci, t^it'hbtit \'tTS-
judice, ncverthelesa,. to stich disposiitiottj jiis Aiay have Deeh iii^e
in the meim time by the said Governor and Company bf Vin^ Ehd
*»
a
'8
j,fli^n^,ipr^4 fl^^^^l:^^jrej)^)|^erl,,(}wt?iM^dl J^S„afp)!§e^i^;:1;9 .pn.a of our
^ ^ „^,,, ^(J, ;Y^ , 1^9^;^% flfiPla^e i i^iA tjj^^ , preeeut grant ■■ w [ and dliall be
.J ^uri hqira ^4,f|uace^sor3, ipjij^l tiayp,, f^nd, we ftcpprdmg'ly re^s^rv*?. W^^
^^ .a^^4 ,ti;^^ jfif jl; iPPweir,, ^ tti^ .^p^iffttipm pf ' tfee sai4 ,Opve^*npr ^d
iS' WF^'^ii 8^f?!?* i )^'; i ^9^V^. . -of wr- . fp^ tl;? ^3^oW*i; pijiy|lpg-e , ;pf
r|tj;?|4i|»g->^i^h^,til§i(Iiidi(pia,itp,i^ ta^e pf! ^dii^pffi.tJie
^^aij[J (^pverppp; an4,ppn?.jp|£^ij;,<Jipi ge^YiWicouw's M?W^4 "Jl^ PJ^fi"
^P^se^;h^:|f^^j^j^f^n!li?4, iqicpnsidey^tion of paymea^t, being paade by
.jl^, pii^ ^^iig;,,^d;$.tjiccesaovs, tQn^ejBaM Qoyernpr an^.Company of
jjtbe, sp^,,9^, 8um« of,j[r^oa,ey;tl4ei;etpfo]('e laid out and e3;pended by
^|bpwi;),)9 W^i?ip,oi»,tIie,6^id :J8lain4,|aii4 .F^'»i^eB,.^nd pf the vsdue_t>f
jt^^ir e^t^t)i^shm(ji^t8, property, fipd effet^tsrtiieftrliping tbepcp^.tii ^a
y^ in witne^, whereof we feave c^vised these pnr;Jpt*er8 ^ be piadp
.^patent, "Vyitnejss Oursel vqa^ at .B^estmi^j^ter, tbe tbirteentli day of
^Jaiiiuary, 1849, in tbe.Twej[i\;lj year of ow reign., fj,. • itr-undi odj
"i^'i&ifiplicationsfor Land^'ot ioi; tWt^^^ infornir.tion, may be nd-
^dres^d 'to k. B'lACL'xiy 'Edql, ^^cretary io the Hudson's Bay
i)giii.,f. mu.) u- .ud'r^ i.ri'M i:>';; i-i :- :i>i >^t^^li^»lu•> Jiid-w ,^9n;}'-l to
: ltii!i<')'i<'ii; vf; 'to I).'v--: ;i ' i ' >;il) 'w t [|i!ii. i im:! ti! !. !' , ' ' l) i :i ' : ,fim:M h'R' ^^dt iii
no'tWitli the vie# of ^applying persons intending to ielnigrate with
. . jnfornifttion i'lartpectiAg VaiicouVfei-'s Islancf, th^ fdlloWlng extracts
\ tti»e kJoUected'ft'b'iltf 'Papers iaM before ParlianienV, Sjieeches in' the
. ^ .liouseti of Lords arid'ConiAions, PtrtiKc JoUrnftk, ;fec*.':— ' ''"''^ "
•id-l i8l'tB /x.iri? fill? J fi fi l , i ;iM T t - i)rtK ^wiiciuuiHjb - m o •lfiif:o oio'ti 'H*
TROM T^E HETTtERS N^W HoME, BY SlDNEy SMITH.'
j^'li.;^ . ,. ;, .: ;, >!i '-,1 ■: '>.j ;.:,;■ .n'ln--',-, ,:a- Vi: . / ' • - ,:)-)I(«
'^{.,jf< ^rppa iXi^as.tP.pr^W %i^migrpnt would fiftd a fall^nalogous
..j^ ^Ijftt ,ftf I ,^f pufi pf, the %ingrpan i i?tto„ tlie Jrer : . The climate and
.^pjJ.ap^iKipbjpiQtipiiiajblfj^.hut. pve^^y^ing eke k,, Vancouver's
^iaadfl jundeiT, t^w prote(?tiom ^ , ;4pminion of ; the Hudson?a . Bdy
[<ypmj»;ny, seeins,to offijr g^eat^radyiinitagesito the adventui-ous**^
I'^Jie gpy^ri^went pf t^e.HjifJspn'g Bay„Conjpauy enforces good wder
■* .^rj,d gppf^^tlji, affords ;^nppuragenient,,,assi8taaxce, and proteetion
.j^ 1^1 ^i^i^tt:^era, jm4.7nanages; ^fc* .tonmierce ,sp judiciously m to:sur-
j]f9}ap{l,^etfjfrs,'w;jt;l^,,iva?jy of the wlvuntages of civilisation."-.af ni
vN—
u
^
'XfO.
( T
r.
(f<
From the Parliamentary Paperii. f! ,/ ..,^^,,1
"AtCamosack there is h, pleasant and liottvehirint site fbr the
festablishni^ltit, ^ihiti fifty yards of the anchdrage, oti the Hortii^r bf
a lar^ tract of clear knd which extends eastward' to Pdiht'(j6ii*iilo
at the south-east extrehlity of the island, and abbtrtl six iiiilfes
interioriy * bein^ the most picturesque and detidtedly thfe most
Vilnable paft of* the island that We had the good fortuii^ f b df^66V6r.
"The ac6bmpahying ground plan shoWs pifetty d6rt*ed^iy the 'Ah-
tribbtion of wobd, Water, and prairie up6n the siii^de, ahd tb it I
be^ tb fefeir yotl fbr information upbn such points. " '"" " '
" More than two-thirds of this section consist oi prki^ie Ifttld) dhd
may be converted eitlier to purposes of tillage b* pasture, for
which I have seen no part of the Indian country better adapted ;
the rest of it, with the exceptions of the ponds of water, is covered
with valuable oak aad pine timber. •
" 1 observed, generally speaking, bjit two marked yarietifiis nrf" soil
on these praii-iesj tliat of the best land is a dark Tiegetable «»ouJ4,
varying from nine to foui-teen inches in depthy overlj^ipg.^a
gubstrate of greyish clayey loam> whibh produces iAi& i^nkest
growth of native planta that I hare seen i^ America. 7be bt^r
variety is of inferior vaJue, and to judge fiop the jless vigotrbi^s
appearance of the vegetation upon it, naturally H^ore. unpreductite.
" Both kinds, however, produce abundance of ,gEass, and several
vorietieB of red clover gi-ow on the rich naoist bottoms. Ift twfo
places particularly we saw several acres, of elovep growing t^ith a
luxuriauc;^ and compactness more resembling the 4ose sward of a
well-managed lea than the produce of an rnicultivated waistb-M u»'4
" Being pretty well assured of the capabilities o^ the soil, as
respects the purposes of* agriculture, the climate teing also mild and
j)leasant, we ought to be able to grow every kind of gTain raised in
England. On this point, however, we cannot speak confidently
until we- have tried ttie experiment anc{ tested nie climjrte,ii8 there
may exist local influences destructive of the husbandman's hopes,
which eabiiot be discovered by other means. As, for instance, it is
well-known that the damp fogs which daily spread over the shores
of Upper California blight tlie crops and greatly deteriorate the
l^t^eat gi'owh near the sea-coast ?b thtlt ctffikry. '''"'*' '''>' " •"' ''^
-^'« I am not dware that any sUcli eifect is exk feft iW^i teW^ei'ilrtk
climate of Britain n«arly coi^respnndiUg in its ibsulkPSitbtttibW'i^U
B
10
'i\
:i
H
Mi
I •
geographical position witli Vancouver's Island j and I hope the
latter will alf^b "fetij6y'cln exemption from an evil at once dis-
, ^»tr,9^^3. and ii:r,eflOi,eidi|SJi^e, We are certain that potatoes thrive and
•,,gy.9j\5i^, Ip.^jl^g'e, ^e,'as the Indians have many small fields in
,,(Ql^^^yjjtion,!w;l^Qh. appear to repay the labour bestowed, upon them,
^,^P4 I,hop9 thatjpther crops will do as well, ^y JKn^-drrro^? luD ia
^.^^^^^\' T^ caoial of Camosack is nearly six miles long, tmd its banks
.^^r^.well wooded, ,^hrpug'hout its whole length j so that it will supply
^Ij^i^Q^l^^tablishjff^^nt with wood for i|iany years to come, wliich can
J b^ ,9piiy;eyejd in, large rafts^ with very little trouble, from one ex-
treme of the cnfkS)ltoi)iBoif^&i\^^-^^^a;tra,ct^r(^
■to't ,mii^iiii: (Pai'iufnienfari/ Papery, 10 August, 1848.^ ^f /am
h'novoo ii ^lahxif lo •sjjuofj 'ub lo ■ffSioiiri'vy/:-) luft iftiv/ ,-li 'U) Um '»!t
" About three miles distant, attd'fi^rly coinectfed by a small inlet,
i'irtiie St|uimal ■H^arMir, whicli ia very commodious, and accessible
,y*"«iB times, offering a nuch better positionj and having also the
i'SLA^htiJifig& orf a; 'supply 'of water in thb vicinity. ' - ' ' '■
ir-.'rJffThmh the beat* built of the Company's forts; it requires lodp-
'5h<^{ngj' 4nd « ■ platfci'tti or galleH^, 'to ' enable men to :fire over the
''pldbeOs; atlitcli ttl$g4kt be' cut amUnd it; but the rock appeats oh
•tM'^t»rfkce'TO"Wififfty,pfeioes.'- '^' '-'"U" 'r";-'i-''-:j'/' ^'i^ \o .,u,iiai,j4ii.:
!'■;'* Tliei* is jdeSn^ of tteniber Of '^.gi^ des((S4j)tW M^ •'V"rfnti(Aiver's
"Istatfd; as al^ii' 'Uniestohej t^^hieh dOnld be transported to Mignally,
J'ol^1ii«boi<Ti)lft<ie!d in the tlerrittii^ Vllere" it may be herfeafteif! d^temed
mfe*!€fesaiy tt>"ft»rfw'})er¥i4«lnent works, baf^acks,'^ ^Qi-^Lieufenant
Vava^imf 'tc^'Oolo^iH MoUdtomj; li^srMai/>hh-\%'^QA W)%(ianm-\Wn
, \ ,. (Pai:lianientb{i'y Fapers, 7th March, IS^d.X
Jxiti l)iiia 08U! •j^iic^ii t')\:a\'.i-r-ji\i ,'T^\nnl•■)^■r^^ilo h0i50(,(jr(j mli >..tao(j?.f»'i
ni b'wirn i.xir.Tg 'io haH m/e VMi ' i 'ti } ni n fvtii ')d '^t iii-co ou ,1ff.i':n'.^(((
• ifopy qfa,lfe^a,tchJrom Commander Qordonto Captam
o-i9nt ¥.t%{irr'An:\) Mift .^■•r-'i Ihi^ i.^n. !'■,. . i "i . v,i. •, ■ . -t. ,■ Tiimi
jgaqoif J^'niiinhncdfiJil yifl l:ri*M7:'i' i-'f!; Aji'iU'tuHar Frs'inf t^i'rjw '/Rfrr
fci *i ,90ni{tani -lo't ^aA ,«fffiom •i.^er^Jftjo^ty's Ste^ Sloop, " Cormorant,"
K'yiorf:^Mi!tf.)7(. b.!'«f[8 Yjr«b ibiil/f P.-il^.V^^fi?^',^*^ 0'':^«»*^l.§^^r. !(.,,,
!l(!';
With reference ;tp,tli^t part ,9fyQiu;. letter (of the 15th Sepljeip-
,|:)^,.]Mjl;,,iy^f^it^,j9U .<iirep^;fj«e;tio t^Pjeritjain whether the ,coals,
IWf^i?Mi,>S?tirtl».to, abound ,fii\,,^^enpr^^^^^^ of; :VapQQuypr'fs
11
Island, can be collected in sufficient quantity to afford a supply for
steam fuel, I have the honor to inform you. that, having airived
at M'Noil'.s harbour for that purpose, I made known to the
natives, through Mr. Sangster, my wish to obtjiin a supply y and
the next day several canoes came laden with coal, and they con-^
tinued to increase in number until our departure.
At the advice of Mr. Sangster, I slung a tub, holding about six
cwt., from the fore-yard which was lowered into a canoe, and quickly
filled; in this manner we received 65 tons from the 24th to the
26th paying for each tub as it came up, by articles of trifling:
value, which I procured, at your fjuggestion, from the officer in ■
charge of Fort Victoria. The whole of the expenses incurred, in*
eluding a few presents necessarily made to the chiefs, will 'mate: i
the coals average not more than 43. per toA. " > • 'm :''! i
Diu'ing our stay, I proceeded on shore, accompanied by Mr.'
Sangster and the first and second eng-ineers! I found tlie north-'
west part of McNeil's Harbeur tb be a perlinsul^^ And, in honour i
of the first Lord of the Admiralty, I called it Ellenboitmgh.i
We found a seam of coai'jiist below high-wkter-mark; W^liicli'
appeared to descend at an angle of tibout'atf'' towards the land;' J
we then ascended the hill, and vei-y near the top, at about 60' feet'
above the level of the sea, in the bed of a str^atn, i we found &'hvy^\
of freestone at about five feet six inches below a surftwe of Ip0»t, i
and below that a seam of coal, much i^esembKng in' ajipeai-aikie'
the English Ne\^castle coal; this seam wlisl'O'ihohes thick/ ^itli''^
freestone below ; h&ving bored thrdugh; ttnd'bl'adt^'tliisi,; we'cai^©'
to another seam 18 inches in thickness, bdtl:^ ' Be^nti? appearrng'^td'
ruriparalleltofeach'otheii; descending at an atogli9'4Df30« in a north-
west 'directibn.' - liuiio-, JO an jjv'.j >;.i: ft'U! ,>Jr{o;> ;>(ft "ijdiiiidtc/.'j
Being confident from these two trials that the^ sefems thi^en' '
lower down, I did not make tiny further experiments hei*e, but'
jtroceeded the'hext day to a smairsheltered bay, about eight miles
further down the coast to the north west, which We called Baiillie-
Hamilton Bay, after Captain Baillie Hamilton, Secretary of the-
Admiralty ; here we observed another rich seam, extending along* '
the beach below high-water mark, and which we traced a quarter'
of a mile in an inland direction. The seams we foiittd were similar
in appearance and thickness to those on Ellenborongh Peninsula,' ■
which confirms me in an opinion I hatl formed' that they were
connected."^ J '' i,.; -^-^
'<''/..! I '■--.
'ij'i- ,i;')saii'
/U(
la
VI
IN
Oa tirid}^ w:« found tli9 coinl of g^ood (^utUiit j ; t\i»y dare XQueli is
tke. fiirBtic68^ and do not appear to bav« way of the i»ijluvioiw elive^.
on either the fire-bars ot furnaces that Welsli coal has. The pro-
portiioiiiate expense for four hours^. a^. wjepfittlied. viii(| 3«»tcik Wfi
Welsh, id asi&lloiTSfSj Yiz.;-r* ^iif oraj;^ fHuif;') ff^-^^^w-^ ',.(, xr<n ul)
XM Juc^^i^wKi, •. • t(firt n'^<|tt)tf'''T' ••'ir -^j ••' ' •;•• • • •. • -*< l^- tit ;t ;..
,',! Ellew^orpttgl^ and Hamilton ..,...,., » 2, 18
Thieidiffereoic^ ?aay appear coosiderabk in proportien, by.t thje-
coal, hafring' been procutPed from the awrf^e^ wh*r« it ]m& been
exposed to the- action of the atmosphere, and 3»,uch of it to. the
injurioiirt effects of aalt water, will weig'h, considerably in favor oi
the EUenborough and Hamilton, cpal; had it been, procured at?
several feet ^om the surface, X have po, hesitationi in saying th»it
th|d ifa^ulit would be at. Lea^t equaj, to the best Scotch coal. We
h^ViesalpQi trol#d( it at, the, forg^, and welded several bars of 1| and
IJi inclif,, 9#nillJthfi Ijwts were as. clean as if taken with the best
EJngJSah coal., I^ k, my belief that tlw fiield dpes npt extend fiurther
t(? itUSi v?e3twa*id tha^ tl^e: eastern, shojje pf Beq,ver Hfwbouf, and
tQj thep e»f»tward tha|i the Minkisb ri,ver), marked in thje awcom-
pwajjsiJig plan by a dotted Ijine j indeed, the. featwe, of the couotry
fv©Bj( Bfsavei! Harbour to Shyphftrte;isiq.wte- different, being; cpvened
^^tfcJMvdi bl(ue wl^Vk roc^, without any, aj^pearance of freestraje
A^l^l^yer. It,i$ impossible to fornji, any opinicKn of the/extent ofi the
fu^ in, an JtJajai direqtion j bujt,, fwm the appeaiiance, ot the
CQvnjtry,,]) am of opinion that it is very conw,demble. , '..i.NrwTfl ,,,
. iOn fiiv-jtig'oing oui sfepre,, the natives appeared tenacious of our
examining the coals, and accused us of coming to steal them-.j
but having mode ar few presents to some of the; chiefs, they entered
ii^tPi ouP' views, aiid became, very active, and I ^m only surprised
that); W/ith, tbe rude implements they have for dig^-ingy, vi«.,,
htttchets; apd w^Qpden wedges, they wei« able to prpciu-e so. lange
a qaa^ti^y ia no- shpit a time ; and I am^ pursuaded that, witJi, thei
means we have^ assisted by the nat^y.es, we could fill our. cpal
bunkers, in ffomt ten tpfpurteen days., ;
Th^ natives arpa fine r^e pf men, and appear industrious and,
friendly, but much, addicted tp thifcving.
In conclusion, Ii beg leave to remark that the qoal di3tpct ip,|i«^,.
my ppinipn, admirably situated, {assessing as it does cs^j^t
13
anchorage in its neighbourhoody arid being so far north tli«t veHsele
of aiinost any burthien can approach it by waj of Gape' Scottj thus
avoiding- the difficult and dangtironsniivigation! of Sir George
Seymour's Narrows and Johnston's Straits. -bici ,i*iu '(iwivasl.
..... .■>.„.» -}-have, <fec., fer'-r^ ?• •::r;,-.'
Yfid y:am\wB mii •/;(( Jbt,] <S^d)n ; , .<J. J. GORDON, Vf ->
mr ilHiahi sri'jvtrooaHY lo ta^iaoItJoH ndt ot noiJj iCSommaaderiK)
"•i »'^^'^'' Johti A. Duntze, Esq.=/"*"i"* »^'^'^ l''''^' ^'"^^ irMioitnoin
- OaptdnofH. M. Ship, ^'Fkg^A^'''' ^'''^' -^iuhiirooi imbOfef.o(i
iyivii.il v;.:. and Senior Officdr/^^°^--''^'l^;' "« ^'"■"'*^ "* i''>"»iJ'r«3en
i.ibfJ >5jro-t'.!fi ■ -•" .'•'"ft''-- "'<> >.•..[•. r:"r ■>lii.-i'.i)xgiioo ii
MuiiJi'utui i,(.'P«^^W.^^F^ -f'^^r^?^ yjrio .ton
lisfiifttxtoo «i« f;tl(lBliHv« ]nt>«9iq lii ftlmJel) lufjiu/iiKi odT .9s-.h(|'i?»j«.')
H^ambiill ?>ii,t 'to wJaj/i'toh' j ..-,;;; ijrioU .■'!'. nuni hQihinqi'.lb ottroa ni
<.^ ai,rM9ff.t S>fM^^i^B' Jij^pjj the' *IME^ '"'*"''' '.X"''^""''-^ Xf^^^
,0:!)il'?sii.ioio') vJ) bit'dhi yili to ■(mitjiyila eilj notju 'jcfid yorit 8ft rei
■ ^^ "W© win not insist upon any of tl/ose vjigiieWimours of i^xia*a-
ordinary richness and fertihty which are reported of all tinexplor6d
lands, but will coi^ne ourselves to points about which no doubt
is entertained. If there is any locaKty in the whole world which
would appear in the eyesof a phifoaophical specidator destined for
mighty purposes in future y^ar^y •■•'ia tTie west coa^t of the North
American continent, /i^therto it has been unknown and unt
ot>".:iied; but it is noV/ sefcui-ed by one of the most enterprising
nations upon earth, at a price and by exertions which clearly show
their appreciation df ''ts value; Odifomia is now the territory of
the United States, and the President's message indicates that it
will not lie long useless in the hands of its new possessors; All
the conclusions of probability suggest that the commerce^ of the
Pacific and of the opposite Asiatic Continent will find its way io
this coast, with vrhi^h, toO) in all likelihood, will be commenced thie
first intercourse of Japah;- N6w, alon^. the whole length of this
coast there are but two or thi'ee practicable ports for shipping, ^nd
the struggle which even the, passive Mexicans made for San Praft-
Cisco proves how preciously such Icesorts are valued by those best
acquainted with their use. Vancouver's Island, from iti^ sittifttitih
and' its harbours, is Tiftqiiestsbhahly the site which '#ill coitimand
the commerce of the coast J acid if ever the North Pacifid is indfefed
to become a Mtiditefranetmj here 'will be its Tyre. Ai^ if tb' VjuaMy
c
it
iU
H
it for hat part, its chief asceiiaiiidd 'prodactioa is preoisdij^ that
which will he most needed 9 and this liiland^ eighteen days' steaming
only ifiiom the ports of GhLaa, is full of ; admirable coal." — IfiTtws,
AuffUSt 21st, IS'^S. . :.. r m i ,L ; .
'■■J> .'iO'
" In noticing yesterday the teiptas offered by the Hudson's Bay
Company in relation to the settlement of Vancouver's Island, we
mentioned that very little topograpliical or other knowledge is
possessed regarding that country. I Sufficient, however, has been
ascertained to warrant an expectation that it may eventually attract
a considerable number of settlers, and present a prosperous field
not only fw mining, but for agricultural, commercial, and maritime
entei-prise. The principal details at present available are contained
in some dispatches from Mr. Douglas, chief factor of the Hudson's
Bay Company, written between 1842 and 1846 ; and these, in so
far as they bear upon the eligibility of the island for colonization,
are decidedly favorable. His survey, however,: extended only
over the southern portion of the. coast, and, was undertaken simply
with the view of finding a desirable dep^t for the Company, in the
eventof.it becoming expedient for fiiem to remove their station
from the Columbia river. . The point he fixed upon, and which has
since been adopted, was a port called Camosackj and it is to this
place, therefore, that emigration, at all;events, in the first instance,
would be likely to be exclusively, conducted. As a hmtbour it
is equally safe and accessible, and is calculated to become a desirable
port of refuge and refreshment for any vessels frequenting those
seas. It has abundance of valuable oak and pine timber ; and tWe
is a canal six miles long, through which the tidja rushes out and in
with a degi'ee of force capable of driving the most powerfnl ma-
chinery. Unlike other parts of , the QOast> there is a range of plains
nearly six miles square, containing a great extent of valuable til*
lag; and pasture land, eqvftUy w^ adapted for the plough, or for
feeding sfcock. The soil of the besit lan4 is a dark vegetable mould
about twelve inches in depth, overlaying a substrate of greyish
clayey loam, producing abundance (of grass and severalluxuriant
varieties of; red cloveff,;;: ■ '.:;•,■,:•.,■• ,.• 1 ;:•,■!!) li; ,, 1, ,!■.;, ;; ■■,•;
"Thft clinaate is mild, pleasaM, wd j^ubrious, and apparently
such as to faypT the grow|bh of ei^ery kind iOfi grain raised ; in Eng-?
land, -the. results of the farflRing^.at, jtheiJfejdflP»k3b^i(uompftny.'8
15
stauon, Port Victoria^ hftving; hitherto realized tlie most san^iine
f jq)ectation8. In Upper Ofthfomia the fogs bKght and deteriorate
the cropgi near the sea coast, but at Vancouver's Irtlahd no destructiTf*
local influences have yet be0n ascertained. Potatoes flourish and
gTr^^ff to a large size, and the Indians have many fields in cultiva-
tion. Fish (especially salmon and sturgeon) and venison abound,
and domestic cattle pJso thrive. Th6 natives are tx^abeable and
well disposed. :«•> ttTtr-. ^,'\v^% irnvrl'Mnfe^V »./{'>ij( >'•!» oj vitaqaiO'J
" Tlie Port of Camosaok is much nearer the fishing grounds than
either Cidifomin or the Sandwich Islands, and it is therefore calcu- "
lated that an advantageous business might be carried on b}' sup-
plying whale ships with clothing, stores, and refreshments. ' No-
thing,' it is obseii-ve by Commodore Wilkes, * can exceed the beauty
of these waters and their safety. Not a shoal exists that can in
any way interrupt their navigation by a 74 gun ship.' ' ''i''^ b'*^ui\
" All the other parts of the south coast of the island aj)i)eared to
Mr. Douglas inferior to Camosack, the shores being genenJly high,
steep, and rocky, and covered with vrood. The entire length of
the island is 290 miles, with an average width of fifty -five miles.
The coal district extends over all the north-eastern part, and the
experiments as to its quality show it to be at least equal to the best
Scotch coal. It can be obtained from the surface with the greatest
ease,' and is^ readily supplied by the natives, the steam sloop Cor-
morant having on one occasion obtained sixty-two toAs in less than
three days, at an expense of not more than 4s. per ton. Specimens
of vei'y fine lead have been found in the mountains on the coast;
and there is also a supply of limestone.
" Under these circumstances, it will be seen that the island can
scarcely fail to grow into importance. During the present impulsive
rush to Galifomia, of course its settlement will be attended with
great difliculties; but it is out of this Vo.y excitement that its pros-
perity seems destined most rapidly to arise; the Califomian immi-
gration having already insured the success and ^lermanency of
steam navig-ation on the northern coasts of the Pacific. This
immigration, moreover, is sure to continue, until at length, however
vast may be the ultimate yield of gold, it will be more profitable
to settle iUi other places, with a viewio trading with the population
' thus created.' ^i'ti tviii't'ii m; ,ijM.Juaii i."i iritiw 'iiii.i::>i> -jnyili ini« hmi'-.i
^' Hence la* intervals the^arious pAlifts of ih^ coast'wiH becbnife
' peopledj and not only will the local importance of coal and timber
M
be increuseil, hut tlio p«no<l will be accplei'ate<l wbftn tlieii* value
will bo incalculnbly i-ai^teU hry the con^uniumtiou of the western
I'iMite (with the> Saiulwiuh Islands as a Uupdt) to India, China^.ttfiid
Japan." — Times, Jtmuary 30)!/i, 1849.,t ,t«»7 '.veil «>0'jnMifhnr iflacij
•MiiiiU'i m wW'jii iiiXuM -;(ri»i_jjhJ__M_i__ ,iJ li.fi; ,a.S(« O^lfll If Mt WOTiJ
Ir • , t ; I ...If . .
!, "We understand it to be the intei"' )t tJie Hudson's Bay
Company to despatch a vessel with st(. 4 and emig-rants to Van-
couver's Island some time about the montli of Jufte, before which
period the Company expect to bej'n possession of further particuhu's
regarding the Colony, and probably also of partial surveys. The
contract recently completed with the American Pacific Mail St6am
Packet Company furnishes a strong indication of the profife*i which
may ultimately accrue from the coal mines. The quantity pur-
chased was 1,000 tons for one year's consumption, ' to be delivered
at a safe and secure anchorage near the mines ;' but to be ship[)ed
by the American Company at their own expense — 800 tons by the
1st May, 1849, and the remainder befort; the 1st May, 1850.
The coal being on the siu^face, and the trouble and risk of shipment
being avoided, the contract could scarcely fail to yield a profit even
at a low price ; but the rate fixed is not less than GOs. per ton.
Two years back the steam sloop, Cannorant, obtained 02 tons in
two days, afc a cost of only 4s. per ton, the Indians, who are
numerous and active, being by no means averse to the labour. It
will be remembered tliat in the terms issued by the Hudson's Bay
Company the privilege of working these muies is accorded to any
settlers by whom the land may be purchased, on payment of a
royalty of half-a-crown per ton. The price cliarged in the present
instance to the American steamers may be attribtited simply to
their not, bemg able to supply themselves at a less price at any
intermediate point, coupled with the circumstance of the an-ange-
ment^ 3ing made by the Hudson's Bay Company out of their
regular course for the convenience of these parties, instead of, as
would be tlie case with regiilar settlers, as a matter of ordinaiy
business. •■
If On the 30th Januai*y we gave a summary of all that was known
i'egiu'dii?ig the climate, productions, ;aiid general character of the
island, and these details were so limited, although fully establishing
oniithef whole -a very fiivorable impressiob, that further accounts
win he looked ibir witln interest. jMfeanwhile some particulars have
lf[
)tW)H mni ill IwtUMra from *u officer iu Her Majesty's ship, Ctmttanif
(liUtitl Ju^y anU Se|>t«!m1j«c l>tst> lOrouL triliok the iiaUDinug- gnipiua
extracts may be in-esenteU : — ' ■'••" 'f^fv' "• '»," A "" "•
" July yOtli. — E8(iuimft«lt Hairbour, Vancouver's Iskuwl. —
Moofed iu a 1)eautii\il littlo buaik. Sinre tlie Idib we bare bad
Hue- wetittier aud iiiRuutb watei*. Wu made Cape Fkrttery on tbe
l^ijit-d. JiOtA ui' cnuues came otit with Hsb^ which tlie nativefl bartered
for iroi»>, fisb^lMMkB, tobacco^ shii'ts, «&€;. liuu. up tLe Straits next
(fay at tlm vate of from ten to eleven koots^ Nothing bvt foresti^.
of tall pines At one pau't ten milea of them were oa fire. On tbe
8<Mith »ide tbere won a ran^e of Ui^h bdUs,. tlie to{)» covered witb
8uow\ We roiuKkd tb« S.Ii.. pavt of the island abmit & p.m. and
came to ani;bof cloee in shore ol Eaquimanilt Bay, between 6 and 7.
Tbe captain and master went to aound tlm iaarbour, as tbe
Modierate tnd Herald, aie the ouly twoisbi^ia that have been in here.
We nut ia wiith a light air the next morning-, aad moored a liltla
imMfe tliaiOi quv awn lengfth from tli« shore on each side. The hav>
hour, which id compiletely hind-loicked, exteudij a mile or two eaek
WQijy ;, the wood close down touching the water, which ia ao smooth
Q,^. a mill pond, anid, where: we aj*e,, about nine fathoms dee|K No.
suoh thing' aSp rain seen or heard of during* three months \, the; ther-
mometer standing at Gl. Tbe sun. seems as though you weBe
looking at it thi'ough a dark red glass,^ fo£ th forest is on fire, but
whereabouts we do not know ; the air full of amoke, and lots oi
wood aj^hes falling on the. deck. The Hudson's Bay Coiupiuiy's
imtmy, Foit Victoria,, is, about, feur miles oC The officer in cluisge
oil' it seems q, very sensible, prp{)er person.. The only people we se&
luete* are native iiBhermeQ„aud, thevefore, not good specimens o£ the;
raqe^ , They have muskets in. every canoe. Some of the canoes,
contain' whole families,, about twelve in eaeh. Cats in. ]uimbeiis»
mats, skins, salmon, chiklreu, slaves,, and. dirt„ and all weE mixed
up> together. They paint their faces black,, with red stri])es, and.
abundance of ear-rings. In bartering they have no. idea, of our
good, faith, for they never Let go tlieir goods until they have hold of.
youf§ ; audit is necessary to be Just as carefiil with, them, else tLey
will shove, off and pull away with whatever they can. The priae,
of a canoe and pqddlas is between one and two blankets.. For ai
shii^ w,e Qug^it to get eight saimoa at this season, and about fifteea
in a month's tiipe. We also get bows and auows,. and bear, ottei",
and deer skins, i&c. A little round looking-gdass will, buy a gi«ai
18!
(Iml, and u smnll tixo is invaluable. A eua ottef'H nkin Ih wurth
eifrht hlankot8 hmv, and Mih for aboitt £30 in En^luiul. 'i'hv Ii(>i4r
iiiid bc'iivor skins have hiirdly any vahu; now. The C'onipHny, how- •
over, buy fevHrythinfr thflf th* fndi<^iis bring.
" August lOth.— Still lying- iu Esjjuimault Btiy. Fine wentlier
and everything- smooth. The I'andoi-n, a sui-veyiug brignntine,
jiiTived a few (liiyn iig-o. She is ^otiig^on with a survey of thewj"
Strtiitd until the Herald coineg down ngnin from Behring-'H Stmitn.
They have liad hard work in the f>oatM surveying- on the Coast of
Panama. There are also two of ♦ho Hudson's Bay Company's
vessels at Fort Vi^tonn, wlwro wo are too Inrg-e to get in. The
foi't is an oblong* stockade, simk four feet in the g-round, and eighteen ■
feet aboVe it, with a blocrkhouse at the oi)posite coniern, with a few
g^ns in caehv There is a house for the head tfiau, one for the two-
next in rank, three foi* the m«n ; three stoi'ehouses, ali larg^o and
well-built with wow<l. They have cleared a ({uantity of g-wund and
have iiomo actres of wh(»at, l)eside« vog-etabltos. There ai'e alBo i;ome >
exterior stopohousos and two wharfs, the lending one of which has
eighteen feet water alotigfride-^on the whole, a pretty fair amount
of \vork to have been executed by thirty' men. Th^e j>«ople are now
kept up late> as it is'barveSt tiiuo, a^id they dare not carry the-
wheat away in the day, it being* so dry that all the gi'aih falls out,
so they wait till a little dew has fallen ami then go on working-
;)i). 'liii •):'. I ; '.voii^t liiu uii tyu
iUi!t,;i': ..1 .7
until ' past - 2 at night.
"Sept^riber.— We ai^l{nVih^-ai^^(la1i'i-efit,yai^^J'tfnd thftfets fttl'
dowti', holds cleared out, and a l^etter place could hardly be foui^d'
for it. The siwtsmen as yet have nlet with little to shoot at — a"
few ducks and partridges early in the'morning. They say that at
this dry season all the garfie move inland. We have amused our-^
selves building a hut and have coVei^ed the floor with a fine dry
mdss, which makes a most comfortable bed. A few days back a
party of us went to Cedar Hill, the highest eminence near. The'
view was very fine; tbe Straits ftdl Of islands; atid the mountains'
covered with snow' on the mainland, one of which, Baker's moun--
tain, was'extretnely stHkihg — ^^a huge white dome standing up h^h'
above tli^ rest. Below us w6 sAw little clefar g'l-ound, most of' it'
being covered with fir, yew, cedar, and laurel. The oaks are upon '
the open spaces. Wherever these grew it was clear frota undef-^
wood, and we had grass and fem to gallop albng. On our way we
and squirrels. Mila** of this
saw a few cranes,
humming-bii'ds.
ulO
li^h
proimd wore burnt and .smokinj^, and raiJeH were Rtill biirninj*'. T1h»
Indian::) burn the country in urdor to fmd morn «aR)ir tho roots
wliich tb«'.y eut. Tlw firo runs along* the <»rliP.s atiagrmr. \tncp, ntul
it is tbe ourtt/)m hove if you are oiiugbt to gidlop rig^Lt tbroug-h it j
the gprasa being" nhort, ilie flnmo is ver}- little, and you ore through
in a Bocond. All the horses und cattle feeding know rt well, ami
make »trHight for the lire iramodiately.
" September 8th. — Wo aailod from Esquimuultolitbe 4th ut day-
light* Had 11 light and fiml wiud, and piiasfid rathfet- a rainjy' niglit
in the Straits. There in barely an ttudhorageto be found, so wo
remained under way. Worked out w<'U clear of Cape Flattery by
fluuaet the n^xt day, and expect to be at Sail Frunciaco in a week." —
/Mmetiy May 4:th, 1849. . um: -.nun si ,'ii ;-ji i i^l'-i Hi! uu -i, j'li.i
,1,(,1 ..•,.•.,., ,,, •. , i:\ villi) lull .-t-KJH/-' ')Il^:'I'■.lbiKll(l•) lo o.vi:i: iU]
— ".k<ihJirro-.-) iiui^til i MOin "M i :> inv ' . UnvA - j^tH t/hnuH 'all oi o«frt
From the MonNiisra CnnoxioLE.
" The fact is that, considering the trade already existing and ra-
pidly increftBing between North-W^trtem America and North- Eastern
Asia, and the probability of an entirely new and most important
line of communication being opened forthwith between the Atlantic
and the Pacific, Vandouver's Islarid lias advantages, which not one
of the countries we have alluded tb' Imd '"^hen fir.'rt colonizM.
Far from being in an inferior positibh as reg'di'ds export trade, it is
absolutely the only one which begins with an export trade ready-
made — weftUudfe'to that of coal, ■ivhibh ft rilone'is known io possess
in the whole region of the Padfic, and whlch|'as we 'hav6 before
stated, is now procured in England for "the steam service lately
established by the Americans between P'auiiina and Orbjrt-on. Be-
sides this, there is sufficient reason for beli6 vlhg that cojlp^r is to be
found in the island (large quantities being found in the possession
of the natives), it is needless to point out the peculiar advantage
derivable from the co-existence of that mineral in the same locality
with the coal required for smeltmg it. 'In short, we lave no doubt
that the same steps which created an .export trade in ,wool from
Sydney, in cotton from Chai'leston, and ,ip copper from Adelaide,
will, if taken in earnest, lead to siu^il^ar results in a country of, at
leasts ec^ual pronaise." — Mornim Chronicle, SepUmher 21, 1848.jj
ioqiM.x n Ml i>oi»b;j<imi AW M ' W" ■ ' ■■' .•.»i>.aA uM)/. v.: -.m.^iI^
'J90
'ii'if* Abounding in exoellaii* ooal, «nd timber fitted for naral pur-
poses) Vancouver's Islnind preaents now, almost for the first time, a
cheerful prospect to the free emigrant. Settlements are no rapidly
increasing' about the Columbia river, as to induce the American
government to eaitoblish a line of first class steamei's between that
river and Panamia, which, it is believed, have already begun to ply,
and a considerable trade will doubtless spring up in those regions.
From the excellence of its harbours and its geographical position,
aided by the dangerous character of the bar at the mouth of the
Columbia, Vancouver's Island could form the key of the whole
coast, and become a ready dep6t for refitting and supplying ships
employed in. the whale fisheries ; whilst the important fisheries in
and about the island itself, its mines and other produce, hold out a
promise of considerable export, not only to the nearer coasts, but
also to the Sandwich Islands and other more distant countries." —
Morning Chronicle, October 30, 1848.
" Not only must the course which evente are taking in the Pacific
render inevitable the early formation of a i^ip canal across the
Isthmus of Panama — which will abridge, by nearly two months,
the passage to the mouth of the Columbia-r-'but the immediate
vicinity of a large mining and commercial populaticm in California
will give an incalciUable stimulus to production of all kinds in
Vancouver's Island.
" Nobody can now doubt that the western coast of North America
is about to become the theatre of vast commercial and political
transactions 3 and it ia impossible to estimate adequately the value
which may soon accrue to every haibour, coal miae^ forest, and
plain, in that quarter of the world." — Morning Chronicle, FeWuary
lo^A, 1849. ,jj iiiufot '^.Djad ''^iIJ^MaIJl) s^Tuij hmsm aat ni Diiuui
M-ocJiiiivhij liiiifrwq '^ ' — ^ -* H ,(«'V't3fiu «dj'io
•T^.tiIirx^I. omH>. ^ih m [irn;:, ' .. . uj B)!t mot't f*WflviToi>
j-dijul) :»n '>7jui T/^wToxf^. M^o%, THE SuM^ > mnu^'n fco'j oiiJ flnvr
'^Let it be remembered that Vancouver's Island is situated, as
it WTRre, withui sight, of the gorden vallies of the Sacramento — liiat
it constitutes one of the most felicitously placed coaling stations in
the western hemi'sf^ere — that it immediately confronts the western
shores of North America, being partially iml)edded in a scoop of
.'^m
to
that
]) of
-Ihftt jfontinent — and' tlmf; ife oucupies^ in re^rd ,tQ tie Paeifietooeau,
• the p<)aitioiiiuioc«.piied ihy, Engia»(i in regtud to the Atla«ftiic obeaat
(^ \I^t , it bC) BQwiemheced also, tliSit it commaudsi ithe whole of i that
,> itejEfnifipftBtt. Ai:cliipeiagfo, whichi ia iteemmg, -iVithilthe most pl-egious
productiw!!* of, nature and mt, «|)ices and otirved ivory^ «i»pa and
^ i IndSg'O) lehina $nd japaa^r—^hat the; ^ecoyingr inliiienoe of the; minlBraJ
iW€iai<ii oliOalufwnia will attract, and is now atfcraotihg to tliat
4hjithea<to itic^lBcted quarter of the globe, laiBwaraik of coloninttsy thie
inwl^bwo^whicbiitJ0«alculatedwiU.aKioHttty beforejtwelre iiionthis
^ave eicpired/lo ^ipwai'db of lOOyQOO human bei2>g8,T--ith8t projects
are ate<6ady; on foot for the purfjbee of outting- tJirtJugh the IsthmuB
of Pan{bw« (a distaeoe of only twenty-tturee indkB)) asd of ikuB
ahjDTtei\iag by:^a! period of Wo ttionthit ithe: ,voyag;B to the Cahkmbia
. rivdir - by means of a ship oanal bfiltweeni iihet ■ Paoific > and Atlantic
-owt <97«nu8 aelim /.]>'■ .haul "to qftnv/a aiuw a vtilRooI iadi m ki mvi^'V
'lo i)atfiib<iu(Jw ilti?/ ^JKiiii ..r.ti.vi ii l.ii,ti .;i:ii\.\X'i li'UT fei ihhhr 'io dwiifl
.■Hif\^'yf A-MiU a HI lioa i<9(\ o/il .I'woij ••..(j;*/ to vJiiiltf han ►•isdiiiii
, Vancoiivei-'s Lsland, and the harbouri^ around it, wili in, tim^ bp
one of tlie most important .possessions of the ^lphe.~I)aily Nms,
^ ' .uiliji :«tt to iianiiD>)qa i? HI ptilX
HWWL'lL'k .J>-.n')-ttj'( on ■■['All ''-M vy:■^ i ;■■>
' ownit ,01)10^ i; 'viji'f bit»l ovbiI i-,av«w otil lo -tiirubflvr od;^ /iuo.frf.H
'.sol },t9-g.4-;iu;ni
From the Edinburgh Weekly REaiaTEn.
f ■ (Vt >it)i({t t'Vt^
i
■"'It ," Under i+he preserit circumstances of this country, When so
many youngp mean of the professional and mercantile classes arb
unable to push their way at home, ft may not be amiss 't(> diredt
their attention to Vancouver's Iskudw Most people are aware ^'om
tiae discussions in ParUamentthlat it' is Situated oh the west coast
of North America, and has ic en granted by diarter to tHe 'Hud^
son's Bay Coiripimy'&r the purposes of oolonisaticDn. Btit there
may be many totally in' the- daa-k in respect to the j^ospfeqts it hbldg
out to emisTants;- »■' '♦•'' "" ^uiHtiijinrri -mU iv. \)\\ud\ mvA 'iohumm
,.si "The exact position of the island is between 48 deg. 17 min.,
and 50 deg. 65 min. noiTth latitude, and 120 Ae^. 10 mim, 'aiid
128 d(^. 30!n;in. west longitude. It is 290 miles long, ahd on
the uvrerngie 50 broad. It possesses the genns of an illimitable
i22 ,.
bommeree ifi iU manj harbomrs^ mid i1» po^tSon; By^thB'WMj^tn
of tlie Pacififc, -wihioh waah'its coasilv'it miii ttsra^e 'with • Sitkfi ahld
the Bussiaii «ettldmdnt8,iQr«gdii, lOdlifoniia tli^tabt only tbt-e^ d*a;yk'
<sail, thp SaadwibbilglandB abottthW^kitie <^abno6(,iCM!«»f bii4'th^
entire^west coast 'of lAmeiwa;.'^ L^t knylone'>1iik!di'ii^ a'g*<>tMi^^^
and ' flaace ovw th^ vast sweep' • df 'fldAtine»t; i %^h. ' iofi'the -^JSth
parallel of latitude. /tOver the Whofe'dresiry flxteat^oFHli'e tt^iidson
Bay Companj't's dwmimans, more th$ln"tlire6imiUi(i»s of xpileB sqnkvk,
he will observe numberies* :<lotk The*©! safe trndinj^ ifert^'castidtfwn
amid ^wamps, rocfcsy andiioidt^besj'liriQlib !t«yigtcn^<0vei4|/ai single
potato to feed 1 their .iii«ttate^i> ''ri^>'provfeuMis''ndcesea»y foi' their
^esty existence most ooMdfi'tjm thedipeiitiom^ofiVancOuvei^ailslaiid.
jji('*< its Waters eU round andi-Dtmd will float a, 74Mgi[fii ;sdiip. ^^The
cliinatd ia like that -of Euglaad)' *bat milder. The soil is excellent.
It has been amply tested at Pbrt Vitstotia at the Port 'Of Camosaoh.
There is in that locality a wide sweep of land, six miles square, two-
thirds of which is rich tillage and pasture land, with abundance of
timber, and plenty of water power. The best soil is a dark veget-
able mould, from nine to fourteen inches deep, lying over greyish
olay loam, and covered with the rankest and most luxuriant vegeta-
tion. Both' on this and the inferior variety of soil, clover may be
8e6ii "8prin£»ing spon'LaneouslY 'Kite the close sward, of a well
managed lea. Ihif, is a specimen of the island. '
" Coal appears to extend over the whole north-east. At McNeill's
Harbour, the washing of the waves have laid bare a seam, three
feet thick, for nearly a mile. In a short space of time, the natives
with their paltry hatchets and wooden tools can dig out many
tons. .The seam thickens lower down. Commander Gbrdoil, of
the steam-sloop Cormorant, stsAes that if take© a few feet from
the surface, it will equal the best Scotch. He tried it at the
forg^ welding several bars of IJ aad llinch^.and the heats wene
as cleaa as if taken with the best English cdaL' '. This mineral mky
be worked by .the settlers on payment of a small royalty. [) to /i +0
ivi " Lieutenants Farre and Vavasour, of Sliie Royal Engineers, com-
plete the picjture, in a Report dated ifl October^ !1S46. " The speci-
mens of lead found in the mountains on the couct are apparently
vefiy fiije. Thft fisheries) salmon and; stuiigeon, ftre inexhaustible,
an4 gftnae lof all descriptions is said to iaWund. , -w,)^ 0(1 hnu
i„, " The timber is extremely luxuriant and increases in value as you
reach a n^ore northern latitude, that in 50 deg. to 54 deg. being
considered the best. . Pine, Ppruoe, red and wh»tejPftk,.«*b, cedar^f
arbutuB, poplar, maple, willow, and yew^ grow iniitbisi^qtion of
country, north of thjB Ck)lumMa river, ThQce/^ qd^ .piote beoomft
of an immense sisBft," • ...rSmunl o.t .to<> hitnl ^,i umi^'^vn-uuymft
"It is an additional advantflg"0,.«bdt an oi^fMiised $j^d pW^?M
association bave already occupied the spoti For' centuries 'tbey
hiiye bun^d the adjoining" continent. Every! anph^ is to Ifaeir ,abl4
functionaries and hardy serVanta faxndliar groUnd,iandi tb^^qomn
pact and iron wganization is a ready engine! lof , ^i>atectipn . a-nd
defebce. jTbey! have so ordei^ed t^ieirr ariiangements. that every dis-
trict will have its( schools, churches, roads, and publia institutions^
all Supported from reserved lands, andi the edifieei "will, be crowned,
by a legisla^Te asaemWy, Ghojwuiby the tfuffralge^aflibQ whole Inw*^
hoJders. ■ --;': -■■■'^ ■^' ■• '■> _v-r- oc.i '; . ,;;;,■,; ,,:,,i .>i,-u ,;.,,. f-,.,
"t' "We are the more particular in noting these adfantages that the
most audacious attempts haVe been inade to damage the company.
They are charged with having prevented colo«iiat»on befwre, from
which it is argued they cannot cordially promote it now. There
are some minds formed to criticise, and the doerft of this world are
sorely beset by the Jnere critics. It ia easy to sit in the, easy chair
at home and review the policy of this association, ruling the most
lawless bands in existence, and pushing : commerce through , the
region of tomahawks. Fortunately we have the most trustworthy
evidence to refiite those charges. The Bishop of Montreal, the
Church and Wesley an Missionaries, Cotamodore Wilkes, of the; Ame-
rican Navy, no very prejudiced witness, Mr. Robei't Greenhow,
translator and librarian of the United States' Govornment, and
others, all worthy of credence, and some hostile to the Company,
give personal testimony to their energetic and upr,igblli policy in the
midst of the most ti'ying difficulties..>A»«o<f .TV/ntttifftnii to fi«»JtT)>iiT
,r." Indeed, in the part of the continent over which they bad terri-
torial right, colonisation to any extent was impossible. The whole
looks, it is said, "like the fag end of thd world," swamps, rock%
treeless wastes, lakes, and ponds mixed up in interminable confu-
sion. At York Factory the ice does not break up. till July, and the
soil is never thawed more than six inches down. The hottest fire
does not prevent the room being coated with ice three inches thick ;
the wind raises the cheek into blisters ; and long icicles depend
from the eyelashes. But at Red River, near the southern boundary,
the company long ago founded a settlement, with streets, churches^
S4
♦ »,'
tl
Mriifwional4€f9, 'tttid et*ii*y WffulsiHe '<!)f oivilisftciAn. In' 184B theW' 'ftrffe'
titndes of cH,lt6S afiki'tofclM^ stockv' ^« 'Soil '»i>gwoiA', 'a*»(l'.e)vdfy'
encouragement is held out to immigrants, yet W*Wi'h'eft^>«UOc«»fl is
dbubtftilj Awd the CTopB'ottce faited three ^flsbns ihi^«;o68sr6n'.' "
'i;M Aj^iii, in the inild p^g^ions io> ijbe iw6eV''Sti<'li 'asiVaueilwiver's;
Mhnd atkl VicinitJ3i',!thG Cdmpdnyhwe** •liad'ttemtoHal''*ighb>tilll
now,'afld'Oon86quentiyiCoaldi!BM!)ii£»lonr9e»r' vl. i;,l 'n', i • ; iijim*
' '*^But wherever they found it convenient; they formed fatms, and(
settled down m (comfort theirt retii^edi scprants arid'' oleirks, '^'Fbri>
Vaincoiiiver is 6rie of these^ on tJi^ Golumfeia, ' l^ir ■ foifeii 4fif iline'
Biiles Bqufflie, ' -^h«*f havet lAvo dtin'ieiB iand milk tipwards 'OfluO
ctfW^ T5iey ha'fie also twoi othidrndames in'i the nei^hbourhdodlv
where, from the milk of 150 cows, they make butter and choesei'ftyr'
the Russian isettlenien*i; 'The* stock ;oon8i$ts''« of 8j,D00 heM of
cattle; 2,500 sheep 'j aind'' about 300 broofili' mares. There are
g<pist and saw mills:, 'shofjsi, oliicee, and estabiiohmeuts of every
desdi'iption:>'i ^' otouTo'Hf vDoib'io;! ioiirmo voiit h)ip^-\si m n ifoiz! y
'■"One ttndiiubted'ftMit is that the Company hare absolutely pro.
hibited the sale <)f spirits to the Indians. The report* of the
Wesley ah Missionftry' Society evince their zeal in inti'oducing' r6li-
^ibn and a sense of duty among- the natives/ and the; Episcopal
clergy speak of them in 'tliie hig-hest tertns. i 'hi'f' m- >- i i' ,-,■
'jii^ An excellent summafy of' the existing information on the' Hbd-
son's Bay Company rnll be found in a little volume by Mr. R. M.*
Martin. A pwitsal of it will s'^ow with wliat reckless audacity
calumnious charg-es can be made against any body whose doing-s
are' at a distance,' and to the great' majority comparatively 'obscuret'
" For our , part, we can safely advise any active youno;' • man,
married or unmarried, possessed of a small capital, ^nu • sdi»e:
acquaintance with agriculture, tb pick up' foutj ©r five labourers,
even if he should have to go to Solas for ■tham, and can-y them out
with him' to till ht^l freehdld in Vancouver'* Mand. If he knows
his business, he cannot fail, even at the' wori^t^ to revel in rustic
abundance."— :^(r^i»i^/>»'*yi^' Weekly' Begister^ St'pi6mber>6y 18i&.
irflijlt aoifiWf m'n\^ "I'V '(+'■' IV-r!!-"' • "vf ar ir; f<dt IdH/ofii^ioft Js-iof^
bfiBqob ^.ofd;.: From Speeches in Parliament.^,,,;,,., ^,,j,„ ,,5,
. •'*' Those of their Lordships' who had taken an interest in tlie nego»>
tiations between this eountrv and the United States of America
■'J't'l
^"^>
r
p-0-
'ica
previnu!?, to the fiompletion qf what was ^-nU^fl tbe,Qj?e^n ta^ftty,
Hius,t,;)->e familiav \\fitU jtJje iooulities.,«s well tw the- iaiportauc* ()f
VancQviYei''s LshjiiU., Betw;eien Russia on the, north, ai$^ ,tlie Uait^tl
S^te.i;j,q)i tlie i^ou^fi, was thisporV-oa of Her;jiyi^jeaty:'.»''doPiiaiooi8^
^tt|ji^ moment If, place, of g')i;e^, iinportaflciK, ftad which( mig-ht be-
qppje of ,enoi,niou3 import wee hereaij't^. TU^ cliimate,of the jelftiwl
was; tp.e,;,tlie soil fertilo; its harbours were excellent ; and the; plaice
was in all respects mot^t faAforabJie for .en^igration anil ooloniaation j
an.(| it, contiiine^l moreover ,axten$^ve mines q£ coal, i'^kvaluabl^ to us
in tha.fu^me improvement^ of steam navigatioin. Fyomi the poases-
siqiis of I^,ifs^ia to |i^anamqi ther^ waa.no othei; place, nea»' the cpast
^jitlf vvli^h he wias^GCjT^jiintediVapa,l,de, of si^plying* coal- .,Wh^
^^f;qmm}^ni(^tioiL .shpul^l . b^ niuijle, eitliei*. by ra^lroj^d oif ,J^y axjan^l
acrotijS thg, ^sthmi^^, |<^f ;|.^an^ipa,, tli,at^wQuh^ become thp .^^ig'hway of
ma}u^in)ip!7iation,(^ itOiCbma 9ind otlter parta,of,thQ,eQst^m, world,
and, tifen t}>e , po.ssessioni of Vancouver's , Island would' become a;
raattjerpf vast import^ncp.. With r«^sppct to the .vaji.;!,? attached .t^f
tli,is jslan^l by for^i<>'ne|rsj he need only Tpfe^ ty, thp ii,igh, authority
pf: Malte Brun,; ,w,ho ;tated that, m the li^nds of[ an;intellig-eut,
natio|i,!it mig'htbepof^e a p],ace of the highest iu;ipQj.'taflce,"}r^i/(^^<i5
(ii;a 0* enifK) lJO-{ IU3 th'f'd^.l K'i^>vir<v>ri »V ^0 tlTfro^ .ijOfllai Jiul;t I0
"From tjhe fi,rst| discovery f)f the island--fro^[t^ie s^coovnta pf
VaupQviiver himself, f^iil'J ^ iinpartial obsprvei's sinpeT*^i|^ has beea-
tstablifiheid that the isla^nd i;?iexti'emely fertile; that it is rich ii|'
mines of coal and other min,erals; that its timuerjs fine;; that ita
ports are g'ood; and that its climate iS) in many respect-^ superior
to that of Eng-land, and singularly suite^ tp the constitution of
those who go out from this country. These great facts, I think,
have been made out ; nnd, so far ■at', the official reports now before
us go, they corroborate all these statements. I have in my Imnd,
also, a copy of' a- portion of a letter from a gi3nt!emah ih Her
Majesty's serA'ice> -i^ho Visited that island, giving an' rtcddnnt of iiS
pliYsical and political importances-:-^ ■'^' '^^'^''' e'^^'^^^^ "I'l .i;iUiiHi
' ' Vancouver, from its clinfiate, sdfl, ' timber^ ' harbtfui^, ' fisherie^j'
g^ine,'a"nd, above all, its position, is one of the most valurtble
islands belonging to Britain; and it is only ilecessary to glance
vour eye over the map of the north-west coast df'Ahierica'to be
convinced that it is so. ...
116
• "^ 111 a tnilftary point of view, it is to Oreg'on and California wliat
IJerrmida istd thfe eastern seaboard of the United States, its 8])lendid
hnHlM^urs and find timber affording^ shelter and supplies for fifty
ft^ts'j while, in a commercial point of view, it oug-ht to be the
^at dep6t for supplying* Oreg-on and California with British
mannfactures ; not to mention the Russian settlements, from
which it is only ten days' sail, and China and Japan, from which
it is hot 'more than eig"liteen or twenty days."
' " I bielieve, if there is a spot in the world which, so far as we can
read it6 future destinies, is intended for mig'hty purposes, that spot
is the Western coast of America. Everything* that has been going*
on there for some time past indicates that it will be an enormous
civilised portion of the world — the southern part of this coast
being secured to the United States; the northern to us. From
the mouth of the Columbia river down to California the whole
country belongs to the United States ; and I think it of the greatest
importance, looking to the circumstances which are likely to arise,
lirata free and independent colony should be established in Van-
couver's Island. I think it no vain dream to anticipate that the
day vvill come when not only the whole commerce of the Pacific,
but of the coast of Asia, will, in all probability, flow into the ports
of that island. South of Vancouver's Island, till you come to San
Francisco, there is not a single available spot where a ship can
take shelte*. Under these circumstances, I must say it is no answer
to tefll us of the distance of Vancouver's Island from Great Britain.
The eiForts whic^ are how making for the colonisation of neigh-
bouring' districts make it certain that some means of overland
communication will before long be discovered." — Lord Lincolri!s
Speech, House of Commons, l^th June, 1849.
M'uvt'^ti 7'Oif '-M<-r\yi li.vjtilii
:>tij;
:;! > 'I'v
Uj ">»;!
.-pji!
•M.; ■j/i.n
" Probably there was no spot on the face of the globe more
advantageous for the prom^'tion of commerce and trade than this
island. The natives, with their wooden implements alone, could
now produce coals at 4s. per ton ; and, therefore, there could be
np doubt that, with the necessary improvements, coals could be
obtained for 2s. a ton."— J/;*. Ilxmie's Speech, House oj Commons,
iJtfl June, Xo^v. :ji-|;i|.( 1^.(73 -(i,v(oi( oiu i" <|j:i(i "lit vy/'> vy;* ii"'/
8?
(.tifjJI^ii^d ^wpye Oonsidett'ed,t^i,«, islaijid as »ne oi ihe greatetft
im^port^ncQ, and ope vKell.,)foithy of the t«pecvki attentiUitUi of the
G'^v^min^eQt. ^eohad J&or0;DBfi^ tJitm iao£it of thoir Jordships
forbein^ ojt'tllat opiniop, iPi' ^iflg? tbe.wlioleperiod of hi» official
lUb.it,^ad opoadioned hi|n greateir uneasiness than.any other subject
Wiitbj^i^peet tortljfl PQa?e,of,tUefcDuntry. Nri' .
,!!S*;U'be,iJoiYJft?nfl(»ent oSf tilie Upited States had. always contended
that, tiie boMudifii!3lIioQ.with^.,t^6t;,4Qth.,4£ig' had. not stopped oa
the continent; .1^ui,e»tetid,ed- tllrough Yanoouter^a Island to' thi^
ocean, by which the most valuable portion of the island would be
lost to this country; and the Government of this country had,
therefore, contended that the boundary line did not extend to the
island, but stopped with the continent. The negotiations, as their
lordships knew, were carried on under the most alarming circum-
stances, and it was thought of the greatest importance to secure
the whole of the island. Upon a careful consideration of the
subject, he was satisfied with the manner in which the noble Earl
had conducted the transfer." — JSarl of Aberdeen's Speech in House
of Lards, ^Oth June, 1849.
be
be
" In the present case, the land was confided to the Hudson's Bay
Company merely as trustees for the sale of it to individuals who
wished to settle. They were compelled to sell the land to any
one who chose to pay the established price, and comply with the
regulations. And with only a very small deduction to repay their
outlay and costs of establishments, the Company were to lay out
the entire proceeds in aid of the colonisation, and for the benefit of
the colonists in the island. He believed his noble friend was
mistaken in thinking that colonists would be tempted to go to
other places where land was to be had for nothing. He believed
that colonists would find it very much cheaper to pay 20s. per
acre for land in a colony where they were sure the price would be
expended upon the land, than to go where they could get land for
nothing, and be obliged to get on as they best could without any
assistance. In Western Australia the experiment was tried. The
people got the land for nothing, and it was a ruinous bargain. In
South Australia they had to pay £ 1 an acre, and they were well
pleased with their bargain. He thought it would be the same with
Vancouver's Island, unless, indeed, as his noble friend suggested,
rW^aac.na. I S ^v ^ *? 5*
98^^^
tiviii a|fd, milt' cbt )»«0Bll^y(i«r'4M^^h^e^'^'>i!^e i<4)«i<df thny^
ifo\M '^iirtly > send . dT{«>'kHOtAbl^,dit|iilat*'^xfM»^tt^ j • '1il!if^/ > Ark^t^ver*
ihtglit beiithd^.iooii<>d](ue«i<My':|<6'^ tbcStt^ht *^e 'public >weii«f:<^d«pty>
indepted to tbo Hudson's Brty 6(«ii^«tay'f6t'Mtttliin(^ *fWirJA»^*tt^
^lira»:ttbe whoi^^rtsk' and c)iirgd>df seltllk^<1iM^%lirM!l,'>Wlii^^^^
i£«tlieyiij«d iioti ukid4rtak«n, W^ld haw TerAaiWiid'tti siartii^ Wa8fe.''»«^
i)lf i)UM)W iJflJiUi bill i » UUiilUtj tjldiuluv j-suul 'llil li')ul// /(I ^flBOfJ')
,l»ml Y;iJnuou isiiU 'to ^tii'iniiri'jvoi) 'tilt itiiti ; Tjidiiii'w hi^J oj .j>.ol
eill o:t hu')t7.8 jofl faijj Ofril ^^-rabnijod yrlj .lail^ Ijolm^jino') ,'riotowiil
liajj (46.,8ooiJiiiJ<j^9n eilT .tn.'>aitaoo 'idi difw iw<{<jo;^ jjjtf .i^fljJji;
-nio3?iio -gaimTCli! >teofli edt is>bnir uo Iw'tTUiJj oisw <worHl w|if[Kf)ioI
oiit 'io noitottjI>i?,af>') iifi'riB'j fi fioiiU .bri!f>.l iiiiJ lo aloilw mijJ
Ia;3 olifoarttb doirfw iir 'isnoxiui oil) ilJiv/ bHShitii^i wtv^ oil ,1:i3Jifij>!
sytuoffi. i\J iVo'vni^ii •<i'«'i'>\yv»v\L."\';» \'U)i\. — ".i'+l«airi.l iull JjoJijobuc* > br.d
END.
'^liJlB'xioabjfll t'lb ot bt^bhiioo suv/ bn»I »ifj ^o«uo Jnr^^.fyiq oil) nl '^
oi(w alBiiiuyibm o^t ti 'io olfw od) "lo't fc^oiau'ij sfl vfa'f^m Yni;(jTuo'>
ynii o.j biifd oilJ lioa at boihqaioo q-iow v«dT .ottds^i ot bodaiw
'.>][; iLtiw (Itjnio') ba« fODhq huAuHuH^ mh Y>n| ot oeoxb odn orro
•iK)rto,!(^n<p'i o) uolt:trii)ob Ibua?i i(_-iev u vbio dtiv/ buA .hmntuUr^n
itiio y;/>I ol 8'ie'» Yiinf}nfioC) etft .aJnyiafMiJct^a ^o ti^yoo bnn y/Jtiio
'lo thoflQJ odt lot bofl ^noita^jnoloa oil} 'io bia ni' sboeooiq wiitno odJ
Kitw< bfi'jrft >'>ii<Joii feid bavoilt^d oH .bnjsbi odt ni gteinoloo sdl
«>t i!-g ot L'jt(ifmt e(f f)Iffov/ ejfiirioloo 3x)ift •;ynt>[n(d* nt noTlisifctm
ji'r/oil^l sH , .•gnhJjOit -kA bud biJ ot hbw bniji oiDdTT p.flo/dq i9dto
•I'lq .rO'J {)!({ fKt •foqnoilo jIoiuti rwi tr bnft bb/ovr f:taiuoIo» diid*
y<[ blijov/ o")rrq nilf ?)i0?» olsw^^odt oiadw vnofoo n xii BitTfil^toi -nux!
*iol bttfil da^ birroo ^stft a-iadv/ o-o tjt iioiLt ,bflnl eJt iiofjubjjbiiofjxo
Y_tin'*noiltiff bbrob t^'jd^^adt t;fl iioiJa-g-ot fiopfrldo od bajs <-t!nfd,toiT
oj(T' .bm-ji sfiv/ tooiflmqxa o.di ijilnTl'TrA mM«oW nl .oon/Sfs^reef:
III .ra«"j5'iRd iunniui n wrt it hirn f-gifuflorr -rot brrnf oift )o^ offiouq
Wyif 9t9^^ Y^^'^* ^'"^'^ t**'''^^5 ^f' ^ - vj«fot bad '(gilt' i5irc-!)>!nA.'xfj'ir()8
dliw DXXi.f'.>« d'dt oif f)firov/- ji ii!iitiof(t ')T{ .n'nnvtficf •liodt Ai'vn b!fci:oI<i
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