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FROM: THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE OF POLITICS, SCIENCE,
ART AND LITERATURE, VOL.V;TORONTO: 1895.

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M\Ur[NS lAIl.M, SK\U MllliHIS. \1 A M I'dllA.

OUR WESTERN HERITAGE.

I'.Y <il<i. II. HAM.

^E\V ('aniidiiuis reali/c thr eiionnous
exti'nt,the vnrieW iv.scjiiicH'saiul tlif
illimitalilo possibilities of their Xortli-
W'oat That a laci< of knowlcMlne of,
and inturu.st in that n';j,ioii .■ihouid ht-
shown by foreii^nors i.s only natmal
and rcasonablo, liut that ( anailians
theniselvL's, wlio have bcon niadi' lieirs
of half a continent, should lamentably
fail in tin; fullest appreciation f)f its
worth is not only a pity, but a shame.
It shall be the aim of this article to
point out the marvellous fertility and
boundless resources of the Canadian
North-West, and liow all too imper-
fectly we aie making use of it.

There is now being reaped — and be-
fce this will appear in print, there
will be to a considerable extent
threshed — in Manitoba and the Terri-
tories, perhaps the greatest harvest
that has ever been grown by so few

jK'ople in theworM before. It is esti-
mated that iu .Manitolia there are
2r),()(»() fjii'Miers, many of whom com-
menced life in this western land with-
out capital a comparatively few years
ai;(), and some of them without that
Unowledge or experience of farmini;'
which is, es])ecially under the condi-
tions of the Province, a callin;;- in
which both skill and intelligence are
re(|uired. And yet these 25,00(1
farmei's ha\ c pi-oduce(l this year, ac-
cording to the (Jovernment bulletin
for August, 2!),l:{f»,.Sir) bushels of
wheat, :il,.S.S7,41(i bushels of oats,
.'),.j07,;r. bushels of barley, and of
Hax 1,240,0:^0 liusliels, making, with
the r3'e and peas, a grand total of
.')7,sr)l,()21 bushels of grain. This is
an average of something over 2,.'>00
bushels for each farmer. And this
great crop has been proiluced without

OUR WESTERN HERITAGE.

561

the expenditme of a dollar for arti-
Hcial manure's, and with a veiy small
outlay fur wages, as the Manitoba
farmers generally have done their own
seediny; and breaking;. The wauen of
an exti'a farm hand for about tive
tliousand of the farmers duvinn' the
two months of stackinfjand threshinir
abont represents the wages outlay for
this enormous crop. The greater
number of the rest of the farmers did
their own work with the aid of tlieir
families, ami by "exchanging" with
their neighbors.

In addition to the production of
grain there has been a magniticent
root crop — potatoes, turni))s, cabbage,
beets, onioi\s, and garden vegetables
of all kinds: and while the bulletin
does not report the i>robable yield of

These figures show the product of
Manitoba oidy, but, Viosides, there are
five rich Territories, embryo provinces,
all of which are included in the gen-
eral term "The Xorth-West."

The average yields of grain in Mani-
toba this year, according to this bulle-
tin, will be of wheat 2."). .5 bushels;
oats, 4.5.3 bushels; barley, :5r).,S bush-
els : peas, 2.") bushels : tlax, 1 .') bushels :
rye, 22 bushels. But the harvest re-
ports from all parts of the province
indicate a nmch higher jdeld of every-
thing than does the bulletin, the coin-
[)ilers of which took the miiiiiiunii
reports, in every case, of their (iOO cor-
respondents, and allowed for a con-
siderable shrinkage which later events
go to show has not taken place. The
average yield of wheat per a'^re over

:'oni-

^•ith-

•ears

that

ning

)nili-

;■ in

are

»,()()(>

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s of

nats.

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hout

. ATTI.r. VAKl.S, WINMI'LC, •-'.OlMt IN Y.\KI> AT A TIMK.

these important products, it nnist a series of years in the principal
amount to nearly 10,000,000 bushels, wheat growing countries is about as

and this can be safely said that for
tlie production of roots of every
variety Manitoba is enually as well
suited as it is for cereals.

follows: CJreat Britain, 25 bushels;
France, 17; Germany, 22: United
States, U : Russia, 12 : India, S to 1 2 :
Argentina, 8 to ; Spain, 12 : Austro-

$62

THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE.

Hungary, 11 to 12; Roumania, 1 8.
In Great Britain, and practically in
France and Germany, wheat is grown
on land for which an annual rental is
paid greater than the amount for
which a purchase outright could be
made in Manitoba, and then it has to
be heavily fertilized to secure the pro-
duction of the high yields not uncom-
mon in those countries. Even then
the quality is greatly inferior to
the No. 1, Hard, of our western
land.

But wheat, while still King, is not

and mike as succulent joints and
juicy steaks as the stall-fed beef of
Ontario, Quebec and the East. There
is a great future for this country as a
beef producer if proper advantage be
taken of the conditions.

Here, too, is almost an ideal place
for dairying, as the rich grasses l)ring
an enormous flow of milk in the sum-
mer while the abundance of hay and
cheap coarse grain makes it possible
to keep up the supply well through
the winter. During the last two years
Manitoba has sjjrung into px'ominence

A WirKAT KIEI.I) AT SI. .IKAN, .MAMTUllA.

the only source of western prosperity.
The cactle shipments arc looming up
magnificently. The Canadiai: Pacific
Railway Company has orders for cars
for the shipment of 10,000 head since
the first week in July, the greater
portion of which are for direct ship-
ment to England, and this branch of
industry is second only in importance
to wheat growing itself. The grasses
of the broad western prairies possess
that nutrition required to bring ani-
mal life to its highest development,,
and these cattle are as fat and sleek

as an exporter of dairy products, and
there appears to be no limit to its
capacity in this important branch of
agriculture. There are now nineteen
creameries in operation with a tlaily
output in the summer months of S,.*}()0
pounds of butter ; and besides these
are all the private dairies. The indi-
cations are that this number will be
doubled next year and the output of
those already in operation consider-
ably increased. The number of cheese
factories operating this year is 43,
and the daily product is about 2:i,00O

OUR WESTERN HERITAGE.

pounds, with the assured prospect of
a large expansion another year.

A good deal of attetition, too, is
being devoted to hog raising, and in
some parts of the province fanners
have from fifty to one hundred hogs
fattening for the fall markets. With
such an abundance of oats and barley,
hogs can be fattened very cheaply'
and the only wonder is that the far-
mers have not sooner awakened to
the benefits of this branch on an ex-
tensive scale.

5'53

siiiall fruits, wild as wull as cultivated,
it IS the housewife's paradise.

That tilt" country has its di-awbacks
no one wdl duny. Xu new country is
without them.

But it has fewer tlian, perhaps, many
an older settled region. The coldness
of the winters is more than compen-
sated by their healthfulness, and in
the bright, sunshiny days of summer
when their rigors are forgotten, manv
a Manitoltan will asseverate that with
the Snow King comes the not least

Hi:Al'IS(i ((AlB — SOKNE NK.Mt \VINNn'K(i.

S'leep do remarkal)ly well in any
{)art of the country in which they
ha\e been kept in anything like a
proper way.

There is no product in the north
temperate zone, in fact, that will not
grow or thrive in Manitoba, and in
greater abundance and of a better
quality than perhaps in any other part
of the world. Tomatoes will not
ripen in Great Britain, and yet the
people of Manitoba have been eating
this luscious fruit or vegetable — which
ever it may be — from their own gar-
dens since the 20th of August. In

delightful part of the year. But al-
lowing for all its present and pro-
spective drawl )acks, it is uncjuestion-
ably the fine; i region on earth which
is not now thickly settled, and offers
greater chances to the average man, to
make with the minimum of labor a
comfortable home for himself, than
any other country is now doing.

One great advantage this land pos-
sesses over the Nortli-western States
of the Union as a settlement region,
is that the pioneering has been done.
The railroads are built, and every sec-
tion of the country can boast of its

56|

THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE.

STAt KIN<:— SCKNE NKAK MOKHKN, M\NIT011A.

schools, churches, post-ortict's, aiul tlie battle with the Iiuliau for their lives,

other adjuncts of civilization. The and it was in niany cases years before

settlers in the Western States had to there was any market at all for their

precede the iron horse, and often to surplus j)roducts. In view of the

w^f^biS0i^^i0^' ■■,-.^_

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KALI, WHEAl— A IIKI.D Kt MII.KS KKuM \MSMI'K(i.

UR I VE S TERN HE RITA GE

565

wonilorriil pro<j;ress of tin; States of space of tiuio not beyond ilic lutiiiDry
Iowa, Minnesota and tlie Ddvotas, it of living- men, there has (rrowii \i|) on
seems too much to ehiini that ourwes- tliis very spot the most wonderfid eity
tern domain is tlieir superior : hut of any a;;-e, with a ])opuhiti<>ii of over
there is <;ood reason for (hjiiijj; so. a million and a half, and hein^r the
('onsi(h'r the unpiecedenteil i^rowth of local ])oint and centre of !)(),()()() miles
tliose States, and yet twenty years ajfo of railway, and the }j;reattst distri-
an American statesnian on the floor of l)utinn- point for food products in the
Con<iresR (piestioned tlie ahility of the world. It is no unwarranted state-
whole State of Minnesota to ]iroduce ment, but one made after careful study
enou<;h in ten years to fee<l a grass- and travel, that in the Canadian
hopper, and such was the ]n'evalent North-West there is a country capa-
iirnorance reoardinj;' that State that ble of maintaininj;' just as dense a
his statement was not discredited liy populatitai, producin;^' j\ist as many

■niUl>lllNi; WIIK.AT IS SdlTllKKN M AN IIOl.A. I'S l',l-^ll KI.S I'KK ACKK.

many. Today, Minnesota boasts of a
population of nearly one-and-a-half
millions, ami its averajre wheat yield
is lari.jei- than that of any other coun-
try I'xcept Manitoba and the North-
West Territories. Seventy years a^-o,
an otlicer of the Tnited States army
reported to Washington that Fort
Dearborn should be abandoned, for the
reason that the surroundin<,' country
was of sucli a cluiracter tliat it would
be impossible for it ever to support a
population larj>e enough to Justify its
maintenance, and yet in the short

bushels of grain, and as much live
stock as were raised last year in the
large area tributary to Chicago, and
from which she drew the trade neces-
sary to make her one of the richest
and most progressive cities in the
world. Let any one travel over the
ground and view the expanse of pi-airie
and plain in the Canadian North-
West, compare its soil with that of
the Western States, and the practical
immunity from the droughts, insect
pests, and cyclones, from which unfor-
tunatelv our cousins across the line

$66

THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE.

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are sufferers, aiul, ii'ore decisive tlian in everything that goes to nijii<e a

all, the supi-etne test of averajjc yield threat agricultural country, the ( aiia-

of the principal crops in both coun- dian North-West is e(|Ual if uotmpe-

tries over a sei'ies of years, and the rior to the best of them,
fact is established Ijeyond doubt that Reference has already been incideut-

harvesti.no nkar mordex.

OUR WESTERN HER fJ ACE.

ully iniulo totliu cliinaU' of this ni!i(,'iii-
tict'iit rL'<,non, and on this (|UL'sti()ii the
ffrcatt'st iiiisapin'ohensiuii uxi.sts. Tho
iiiiprussion j)n!vails amoiio'st many that
tho winters ai'o ahnost uncmhirahlo.
But this is raliacious. .lack Frost, it
is true, is no weakliiifr in this jioith-
lantl, lint ho is witliout terror to tlio
warmly chid and coml'ortalily housed ;
and owino' to tho (hynoss of the at-
mosphere, tlie low markin^i's of the
thennometor, whicli make Hastern
readers shudder and siiivor, Jiro sadly
nnsleadin;,^ A Western " thirty ho-

i^'7

quahty is, and \\.- smihc is tiue .,1'

men. The north. tu lacvs have I n

the coiHiUerino' races, jiiid hav.- oiv.'U
the world nearly all it has of ..vny.
thiufr that ilistin^niishes civilization
from liarhariiuiisni. Thciv can lie no
doubt hut that theiv will uiow up ii,
the fertile valleys of th,- H, ,1, Assini-
boine, and Saskatchewan vailrys a
superior civilization. The settln.s will
bo of the noitheiii races An-ln-
Sa.xon, (lei-nian, and ScandinavTan.
With a land incomparable in its rich-
ness and fertility, with free institutions,

A .\iAiTNtii;.\ ii().\n;sTEAi).

low" i.s scarcely e(|ual to a zero day
in the more humid East. The sum-
mer days are waiin, but the nights
ai'e cool and t'efreshiny. How dif-
ferent it is with tho intense heat
of Ar;;ontina, Australasia, Africa, or
even some of the Western States,
wiiich no artitieial means will <;,uard
against, and who'e hot winds, laden
with miasma and fever, carry oft'
annually thousands of tlu'ir poople.and
sap the constitution of the living. It
is an estalilishod fact that the further
north grain will grow, the better the

wise laws justly administered, with
educational facilities from which no
children are barred — here, too, will rise
a (ireater IJritain — a worthy oft-
spring of the grand old Motherlaml
across the sea. The only lack is
population, and the statesman who
solves the ))roblem of peopling these
untenanted lands from the congested
districts of the East will have done his
country inestimable service. Let any-
one consider for a moment what a
tremendous imi)etus would be given
the trade of Canada, if instead of there

$68

THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE.

-9

bi'ini^ in .Miuiitobn 2o,0(H> laniurspro-
ilueiiif? ()0,()00,0()(> Imshfls of grain,
and a correHponding amount of other
products, then; were -JOO.OOO farmers
producin<;4,S0 OOO.OOO bushels of grain,
and Sl()(),0()(),()()() worth of nie..c and
thiiry i)ro(hicts. How many tliousand
more operatives would l)e rei|uired in
the factories of the East ! Then no cry
would go up from Canailian cities that
there was lack of employment for
their working jieople, foi'the demands
of this great wealth-producing army
would keep busy every forge, spin-
dle and loom. There are ditHcuities
in the way of securing suital.ie innni-
g)'aiits, but because the problem is a
hard one is no reason why it should
be left unsolved. Confe<leration itself

was a ditHcult problem. The biiildin|^
of the Canadian I'acitic Railway was
nOi; unattended with great discourage-
iients and enormous sacrifices on tl)e
part of th(( Canadian people, and sure-
ly when Canadians have made these
sacrifices to lay the fouiulation of a
great nation, they will not falter and
shrink in rearing t.ie .superstructure
because it is attended with ditliculties.
Upon the ])eo})lingof the North-West,
in a largt' measure, depends the ])ros-
perity of the whole J)ominion, and
upon our public men rests a grave re-
sponsibility in till- inauguration t)f a
policy which will early bring about
that glorious I'csult which cveiy patri-
otic Canadian desires.

Hrivntford, ( )nt

" HOW SHALL I \V(M>,'"

A SONii.

H<i\\ sliall I won my lady,

I low slijill 1 daru confess
Till' truth of tlio love 1 l>eai- lier,

'i'lio ]io\ver o- my hoait's distress.
\\ oidd I miylit win lier favor

W itii jewels of matcliles.s make,
< >r cover my head witli Ljlory,

(ih)ry for her dear .sake.

How shall I woo my lady,

How shall I gain her yraee :
.V smile from her lijis I eovet,

.\ beam from her sunlit face ;
Would she 1)iit (inly bid me

Some (hiriii),' deed to try.
I'd do it, if fortune favored,

Do it, or tjladly die.

Kyes into mine are ga/,'ng

J'',yes of tile softest hue,
SJeflectinu my heart s fond |iassion,

They elialleni^e my courage too —
Foil ily 1 clasji her to me.

And hear sweet words divine,
That whis])er the love I'm yearning

Is mine, already mine.

— ilASTIN(;s WKtll.V