CIHM 
 Microfiche 
 Series 
 (IMonographs) 
 
 ICIVIH 
 
 Collection de 
 microfiches 
 (monographies) 
 
 Canadian Instituta for Historical IMicroraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the t>est originai 
 copy available for filming. Features of this copy which 
 may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of 
 the images in the reproduction, or which may 
 significantly change tiie usual method of filming are 
 checked below. 
 
 n 
 
 Coloured covers / 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 Covers damaged / 
 Couverture endommag^ 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated / 
 Couverture restaurde et/ou pellicula 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 a 
 
 n 
 
 Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 Coloured maps / Cartes g6ographiq;:?<i en couleur 
 
 Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) / 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 Coloured plates and/or illustrations / 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material / 
 Reii^ avec d'autres documents 
 
 Only edition available / 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along 
 interior margin / La rellure serr6e peut causer de 
 I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge 
 int^rieure. 
 
 Blank leaves added during restorations may appear 
 within the text. Whenever possible, these have been 
 omitted from filming / Use peut que certaines pages 
 blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration 
 apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait 
 possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film6es. 
 
 Additional comments / 
 Commentaires supplemental, ds: 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 
 M possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- 
 plaire qui sont peut-dtre unkjues du point de vue bibli- 
 ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, 
 ou qui peuvent exiger une nwdiffcation dans la metho- 
 ds normale de filmage sont indiquds ci-dessous. 
 
 I I Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur 
 
 I I Pages damaged / Pages endommagdes 
 
 □ Pages restored and/ or laminated / 
 Pages restaurtes et/uu pailicultes 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / 
 Pages ddcotor^es, tachetdes ou piqu^es 
 
 I I Pages detached / Pages d^tach^es 
 [^ Showthrough/ Transparence 
 I I Quality of print varies / 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Quaiitd in^gale de I'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary material / 
 Comprend du materiel suppldmentaire 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by enata slips, 
 tissues, etc., have been refilmerl to ensure the best 
 possible image / Les pages totalement ou 
 partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une 
 pelure, etc., ont 6t6 filmtes k nouveau de fagon ^ 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 Opposing pages with varying colouration or 
 discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best 
 possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des 
 colorations variables ou des decolorations sont 
 film^s deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image 
 possible. 
 
 This Ham is f ilmsd at ths rsduetion ratio chscind balow / 
 
 Ca documant ast film* au taux da rMuetion indiqu* cK-dassous. 
 
 lOx 
 
 14x 
 
 18x 
 
 12x 
 
 16x 
 
 20x 
 
 22x 
 
 T 
 
 26x 
 
 30x 
 
 24x 
 
 28x 
 
 32x 
 
The copy filmed h«r« has bMn rtproductd thanks 
 to ths gantrosity of: 
 
 Library 
 Agricuiturfl Canada 
 
 Tha imagss appaaring hara ara tha bast quality 
 posaibia considaring tha condition and legibility 
 of tha original copy and in keeping with tha 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 tha last page with a printed or illustrated impres* 
 sion. or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies ara filmed beginning on the 
 firat page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impreasion. 
 
 Tha last re'iordad frame on each microfiche 
 ahall contain tha symbol —^{meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or tha symbol V (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure ara filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrama illustrate tha 
 method: 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
L'txamplair* film* fut reproduit grica k la 
 ginArotit* da: 
 
 Bibliothiqut 
 Agrieultura Canada 
 
 Las imagaa tuivantaa ont M raproduitaa avac la 
 plus grand soln. compta tanu d« la condition at 
 da la nattatA da I'axamplaira film*, at tn 
 conformity avac laa conditions du contrat da 
 filmaga. 
 
 Las axamplaires originaux dont la couvartura •» 
 papiar ast imprimia sont filmte 9n commanfant 
 par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la 
 darniira paga qui comporta una amprainta 
 d'imprassion ou dlllustration, soit par la sacond 
 plat, salon la cas. Tous las autraa axemplairas 
 originaux sont filmte an comman9ant par la 
 pramiira paga qui comporta una amprainta 
 d'imprassion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par 
 la darniira paga qui comporta una talla 
 amprainta. 
 
 Un das symbolas aulvants apparaTtra sur la 
 darnlAra Imago da chaqua microficha, salon la 
 cas: la symbola — ► signifia "A SUIVRE". la 
 aymbolo ▼ signifia "FIN". 
 
 Las cartas, planchas. tablaaux, ate, pauvant fttro 
 filmte i das taux da reduction difftranta. 
 Lorsqua la documant ast trop grand pour turn 
 raproduit an un saul clich4. 11 ast film* ^ partir 
 da I'angla suptrlaur gaucha, da gaucha ^ droita, 
 at da haut an bas. an pranant la nombra 
 d'imagaa ntcassaira. Laa diagrammas suivants 
 iiiustrant la mithoda. 
 
 2 3 
 
 5 6 
 
MICROCOPY nSOUniON TBT CHAIT 
 
 (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 7) 
 
 A 
 
 J APPLIED IM/CE 
 
 1653 Eoil Mo.- 5lf««t 
 
 Roch«s(«r, Ne« TorV U609 USA 
 
 (?16) »a2-0300-Phon, 
 
 (716) 2»e-5M9-fa. 
 
 Inc 
 
LABOUR SAVING DEVICES 
 
 ON THE 
 
 IRRIGATED FARM 
 
 Hy 
 
 C;. E. PARHAM 
 
 Till. i,k\ki.li:k 
 
 DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 
 
 J. H. GRISDALE 
 
 DlRKCTDR 
 
 G. K PARHAM 
 
 Si i-KRlNTENDKNT 
 EXPERIMKXTAI. STATION, IWEKMERE, B.C. 
 
 630.4 
 
 C212 
 
 Exp. Farms 
 
 Service 
 
 Exhib. Circ. 
 
 EXHIBITIO: CIRCULAR No. 72 
 
Labour-saving Devices. 
 
 LEVELLER, FURROWEK, XLVRKEH AND REAPING ATTACHMENT. 
 
 by G. E. Pakham. 
 
 In these days of labour shortage, every labour-saving tlovice is of importance, 
 for any delay in farming operations may not only add to the work eventually, 
 but in many eases may result in the partial or complete failure of a crop. 
 
 A delay in irrigating is perhaps fraught with the most serious results. 
 
 The farmer who is cultivating a large area of land can atford to purchiisc 
 the most up-to-date modern implements; the small farmer, however, is not in 
 the same position: his limited crop area renders such expenditure inadvisable, 
 and with small fields to work, many of the modern farm implements could not 
 be used to advantage. 
 
 The accompanying diagrams illustrate a land leveller and an irrigation 
 furrower, as used at the Invermere Experimental Station; both devices are 
 simple in construction, and could be made by any handy carpentei, at very 
 small expense. 
 
 The leveller has the advantage over many forms now in use, in that the 
 operator can ride and so have better control of his team: the lifting device is 
 simple, and can be operated by the teamster, but on very irregular ground, 
 where constant lifting may be necessary, it is found advantageous to employ 
 a second man. 
 
 Two light horses can draw a I'^veller of tlie width shown in the diagram. 
 
 The time spent in levelling the land would be more than repaid, in any 
 one season, by the saving of labour in irrigating, and a more even distribution 
 of water would result. 
 
 On many fields it would pay to run this, or some form of plank leveller, 
 over the land each spring, prior to seeding. 
 
 The furrower, illustrated by the second design, is not claimed to be a new 
 idea, but rather an improvement on the devices used on many ranches. It 
 requires only one horse, and will draw out three or four furrows at a time: the 
 furrowing attachments may be placed at any distance apart, to suit the wiilths 
 of the drills, or the nature of the soil. 
 
 For corn in its early stages, and for roots during their entire period of 
 growth, three furrowers can be fitted, the centre one to follow the horse, and 
 one on either side to run between the adjoining drills. The weight of the rider, 
 and the depth adjuster provide the necessary weight to consolidate the 
 furrows. 
 
 It is not necessary here to explain at length the method of irrigation by the 
 furrow or corrugated system, which, like every system, has its advocates. 
 
 A double mould-board or double-furrow plough can generally be made use 
 of to connect the main ditches or flumes with the smaller ditches made by the 
 furrower. 
 
 The implement is not intended for land in sod, though its use on such land 
 might be made possible by the addition of a steel point to each furrower. 
 
 The distance a stream may be carried in anj* one furrow would depend on 
 the nature of the soil and on the amount of water available. 
 
Tin* Kurrttwcr. 
 
 The marker is ii simph- attachirn'iit used in conjunction with any hcci- 
 cultivatrr or seeder, anil may l)e fixed to the latter hy means of a holt an' nut. 
 7' ■••lists of a 1 X 2 in. wooden har, twelve fe<'t lonj?, with grooves cut at various 
 
 Afaking furrows for irrigating a root crop. 
 
(li^tiihi'fr', ill wliii'h tin- pliii'i-il hiovmIiIi' Htri|>M <if liicht wimmI. oid' ftMit Ioiik ('\viMnli'ii 
 IiiIm'U i\!* li^fil for Ktiril*'ii work iiri' I'miiul vit\ -iiitiil>l<- for tliis |>tir|i(i^i') 
 
 NVIk'ii the rows iirc rffiuiml two tVrt :i|Mrt. oni- turn of llii' iiiiplctiirnt will 
 mark Iwrlvr rowx, uiul tlic liiiii' r<-i|iiir)><| to mark iiiit an acrt' should not cxcct'd 
 oiM' hour. 
 
 Thr lines ^o markfil provi'il much mon- lUM'iiratc than those muih- with 
 the marker su|i; miI with many -rcders. 
 
 It can l>c UM-d to ad< antaKc lor markiiiK rows of corn, for phintitiK out 
 calthaKcs. tomatoes and the like, and has heeii found particularly useful for 
 marking the lines for planting potatoes, when the sinvie horse, double furrow 
 plouxli is used. 
 
 After the land ha^ l)eeii tiiialiy prepared for seedinK, j"'K- 'f'' pluf'd at 
 measured intervals, at either end of the plot, to indicate the centre or wheel 
 track for each turn of the marker: a 'triiiK is then tiKhteni-d from the fir!*t ]h% 
 at either end of the plot, to ni\e the first wheel track. It will he found iidvim- 
 tHKcou.s to have two lent^ths of string in use. or the us.sistance of -i Imiv at one 
 ei.<l. to clianni' '''•' l'"<' "Ver to the next wheel truck. 
 
 ( uttinu i»it> witli ihc rriipinit iittui'liiiiint. 
 
 The reapiiiK attachment is >ho\vii in use in the accompanyiiift photograph 
 when oats w<'re heinn '''it : it is undouhtedly a labour .savinji device, and one that 
 iiiiuhl he more (jeiierally used to udvaiita)ce for small plots, and on small ranches 
 where a hinder cannot he obtained. It has been found particularly useful for 
 cuttiiiK i-xperiinental ])lots of grain. 
 
 The attachment can be obtained from most of the makers of mowers, at a 
 small cost, and is easily attacheil.