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m^ 
 
 COLL 
 
 id ^- ''"■ 
 
 REVl] 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS 
 
 TO 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY. 
 
 BA8KD PUIMARILY ON TUB 
 
 COLLECllONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
 
 ,01 .' 
 
 I V '. -I 
 
 
 ifi- 
 
 I. 
 
 REVIEW OF RAFINESQUE'S MEMOIRS ON NORTH AMERICAN FISHES 
 
 BT 
 
 DAVID S. JORDAN. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 OOVABNMKNT PniNTIMO OFFIOK. 
 
 1877. 
 
 m 
 
 . ;i'-\f 
 

 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Preface r 
 
 List of Rafinesquian genera o 
 
 List of species described prior to the IchthyologiaOhiensis . H 
 
 Ichtliyologia Ohicnsis ,. jq 
 
 List of species not noticed by RaOnesqne 48 
 
 Index to generic names 51 
 
 4 
 
 K' ■ 
 
 "? f^~ '-1:,' f 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The purpose of this paper is to present a series of identifications of the 
 species of fresh- water fishes described by Eafinesque in his " Ichthyologia 
 Ohiensis" and elsewhere, made as a result of nearly three years of " field- 
 work" in the region fished in by Rafinesque. In most cases, fresh speci- 
 mens have been carefully compared with liaflnesque's accounts, and iu 
 the more difficult groups, as the Ci/prinidiV, Catostomida;,iind Centra rchidce, 
 I have taken a full series of the species known to occur in this regiou 
 and compared Raflnesque's description with each specimen in turn, until 
 one was reached which showed no serious discrepancy. 
 
 It is evident that many of Raflnesque's descriptions were drawn up 
 from memory, and that his measurements were made by the eye, with- 
 out the restraint of a tape-line. He indeed somewhere states that his 
 collections were made in the summer and accounts written up for pub- 
 lication during the winter. As a result of this, the descriptions are 
 often inexact, although usually striking. The numerous mispriuts ia 
 his work are also, in some cases, a source of confusion. 
 
 By making duo allowance for these facts, and keeping iu uiind the 
 proposition, unjustly controverted by some writtrs, that Rafinesque 
 was not altogether a knave nor a fool, I have succeeded in identifying 
 more or less satisfactorily, nearly all of h's species, aud in restoring to 
 a number of his names their rightful priority. 
 
 The species still remaining unidentified are of two sorts : First, species 
 really existing but not distinctively described, as Luxilus interrxiptus^ 
 Butilns compressusy etc., in which no really tangible characters are 
 given ; and, second, those like Aplocentnis calliops and Pogostoma leiicopH^ 
 described at second hand from "drawings by Mr. Audubon'', presenting, 
 a grouping of characters applicable to no known fish. 
 
 If is not my purpose hero to enter into ;iny discussion of the merits of 
 Raflnesque's work. That the Ichthyologia has been, and still is, a stum- 
 bling-block, is generally admitted. This is partly owing to errors of 
 observation on the part of the author, partly to the admixture of state- 
 ments derived from memory, imagination, or hearsay with statements 
 of fact, and, fiually, iu uo slight degree to the fact that Rafinesque'ti 
 - ■ ' ■ 5 
 
 r . . . ■ 
 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 accounts were taken from living flsbes, and hence were not to be readilv 
 interpreted by workers in tbe closet witb preserved specimens. 
 
 In order to do justice to Rafinesque's work, it is necessary, in the 
 wordij of Girard (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Pbil. 1850, 1C7), " that one should 
 go to the very ground trodden by Kaflnesque himself, his book iu hand, 
 during all seasons of the year, aye, even for years in succession, to ena- 
 ble us to discriminate between what Kafiuesque really observed and 
 what is imaginary ". 
 
 Eafinesque's work has been well summed up by Professor Agassiz : 
 
 "Nothing is more to be regretted for che progress of natural history 
 in this country than that Raflnesque did not put up somewhere a collec- 
 tion of all the genera and species he had established, with well-authen- 
 ticated labels, or that his contemporaries did not follow in his steps, 
 or at least preserve the tradition of his doings, instead of decrying him 
 and appealing to foreign authority against him. Tracing his coarse as 
 a naturalist during his residence in this country, it is plain that he 
 alarmed those with whom he had intercourse, by his innovations, and 
 that they preferred to lean upon the authority of the great natu- 
 ralists of the age, then residing in Europe, who, however, knew little 
 of the special natural history of this country, than to trust a some- 
 what hasty man who was living among them, and who had collected a 
 vast amount of information from all parts of the States, upon a variety 
 of objects then entirely new to science. From what I can learn of 
 Raflnesque, I am satisfied that he was a better man than he appeared. 
 His misfortune was his prurient desire for novelties and his rashness in 
 publishing them, and yet both in Europe and America he has antici- 
 l)ated most of his contemporaries in the discovery of new genera and 
 species in those departments of science which he has cultivated most 
 perseveringly, and it is but justice to restore them to him, whenever it 
 can be done". (Am. Journ. Sc. Arts, 1354, p. 354.) 
 
 In regard to the descriptions of fishes made by Raflnesque from 
 *' drawings by Mr. Audubon ", I am informed by Dr. Kirtlaud, on the 
 excellent authority of Dr. Rachman, that several of the monsters de- 
 scribed by Raflnesque (such as A2)Iocenfrvs, Poijosioma, Eurystomm, etc.) 
 were drawn by Audubon with a view to a practical joke on the too 
 credulous ichthyologist. That being the case, it is but justice to Rafin- 
 esque's memory to let those names drop from our systematic lists wiihoni 
 rrejudice to him. 
 
 Vol. 
 
 No. 
 
 T 
 
 T 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 III 
 
 n. 
 
 IV 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 VI 
 
 
 VII 
 
 III. 
 
 VIII 
 
 
 IX 
 
 Mt 
 
BEVIEW OF EAFINESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. 
 
 Tbe work known as the <' Ichthj'ologia Ohiensis" was originally pub- 
 lished as a serial in the " Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine", 
 Lexingtonj Ky., from December, 1819, to November, 1820. This fact of 
 publication by parts should be kept in mmd, as, in one case at least 
 (tbat of Aplesion), \t may aifect our nomenclature. 
 
 Tbe following are the dates of publication, for which I am indebted 
 to Professor Gill : 
 
 ■ r ■ ' ' SI 
 
 ',••1 
 
 Vol. 
 
 No. 
 
 T 
 
 1. 
 
 
 I . 
 
 
 III. 
 
 n. 
 
 IV. 
 
 
 V. 
 
 
 VI. 
 
 
 VII. 
 
 III. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 
 IX. 
 
 Date. 
 
 December, 1819 . . 
 
 January, 1820 
 
 February (t), 1820 
 
 April, 18-.>0 
 
 May, 1820 
 
 June, 1820 
 
 July,1820 
 
 October, 1820 
 
 November, 18120 .. 
 
 W.R.&M.M 
 
 Page. 
 305-313 
 361-377 
 T-57 
 169-177 
 T-243 
 299-307 
 355-363 
 165-173 
 244-252 
 
 1.0. 
 
 Page. 
 
 1-13 
 13-29 
 
 T-37 
 37-45 
 45-53 
 53-60 
 61-69 
 69-77 
 77-84 
 
 Quite a number of genera and species of American fresh-water fishes 
 were described by Ri'^inesque in other publications previous to the ap- 
 Itoarnnce of the Ichthyologia. I give a list of all these known to me, 
 with identifications. I exclude all names merely catalogued without 
 explanation, as having no claims upon our attention, in some ca.ses, a 
 species was catalogued under one name and finally described under 
 some other. 
 
 I have next inserted a complete catalogue of Raflnesquiau genera, 
 arranged in chronological order, with their equivalents in the nomencla- 
 ture which I at present adopt. 
 
 Tbe body of this paper consists of a list of the genera, subgenera, 
 and species of the Ichthyologia, arranged in the sequence adopted by 
 Ualinesque, with the names, English, Latin, and French, as he gav^ 
 them, the misprints corrected by him in the "Errr.ta" being here recti- 
 fied. The page in the Ichthyologia in which each description occurs is 
 added for the benefit of compilers of synonymy. Next comes my iden- 
 tifieation, with a partial synonymy of the species, the name which I 
 adoi)t being printed in capitals. In a subsequent paper on the fishes of 
 the Ohio Basin, the synonymy will be given ia full, for which reason I 
 have preferred nok to insert it here. 
 
 € 
 
 -■-rj 
 
8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 lo all cases where the recognition of Raflnesque's genera or species 
 will render necessary a change in the current nomenclature, I have 
 added Raflnesque's description as a foot-note, that the reader may see 
 the grounds on which the identification is based. In such cases, I have 
 usually italicized the salient points. 
 
 Or Finally, :> list of the species now found in the valliey of the OLio, 
 which do not appear to have been known to Rafinesque, completes the 
 memoir. ■ cf ^' i<:\ -r: --■- — ■'-^r^xr- :; yiiv:^ ^^-rv'tnw 'srfc ;•> ■•; ■' ■? 
 
 tj:i This paper was originally prepared for the press in the spring of 1876. 
 Most of the changes in nomenclature here discussed have been adopted 
 by the author in different papers on fishes, and they have generally 
 received the sanction of American workers in ichthyology. The manu- 
 script of the paper has been since retouched, some untenable positions 
 have been abandoned, and some further changes suggested by Profess- 
 ors Cope and Gill have been introduced. 
 
 ,(ait'^i 
 
 -\^sv?vin'S; ^v:u 
 
 -M>4'-'^J 
 
 ,''■ ..V 
 
 •w , ■ ) 
 
1.— LIST OP EAFINESQCriAN GENERA AND SUBGENERA, 
 WITH TOEIR EQUIVALENTS IN THE ADOPTED NOMEN- 
 CLATURE. 
 
 ' r^ittf i'£ 
 
 I give here a catalogue in clironological order of the generic and sub- 
 ^eueric names proposed by Rafinesque for our fresh-water fishes, with 
 the type of each where any type is either designated or in any definite 
 way implied, with its equivalence in the nomenclature which the writer 
 at present adopts. The reasons for the use or non-use of these names 
 will appear farther on. Those names originally proposed for subgenera 
 are designated by a star (•). , 
 
 ' i .r..r^f i. • 
 
 Rafinesquian geuera. 
 
 Type species. 
 
 Modern genera. ,;;j| 
 
 " 
 
 1818. 
 
 ♦ " , . 
 
 ifotropis 
 
 atherinoides. 
 
 Nototropis [=Minnilu8 
 =Alburnellu8). 
 
 Glossodon 
 
 harengoides. 
 
 Hyodon. 
 
 Litholepis 
 
 adamantinus. 
 
 Litholepis (Afractos^ews). 
 
 Diuoctus 
 
 truncatus. 
 
 Acipenser L. 
 
 Pogostoma 
 
 leucops. 
 
 A myth ! 
 
 Pomoxis 
 
 annularis. 
 
 Pomoxys. 
 
 Noturus 
 
 flavuvs. 
 
 Notarus. 
 
 Sarchirns 
 
 vittatus. 
 
 Lepidosteus. 
 
 Exoglossum 
 
 lesurianum. 
 
 Exoglossum. 
 
 Maxillingua* 
 
 lesurianum. 
 
 Exoglossum. 
 
 nypentelium* 
 
 macropterum. 
 1819. 
 
 Hypentelium {Hylomy- 
 zon Ag.). 
 
 Aplodiuotns 
 
 grunniens. 
 
 Haploidonotus. 
 
 Etlieostoraa 
 
 flabellaris. 
 
 Etheostoma {Catono- 
 tus). 
 
 Leucops 
 
 leucops. 
 
 A myth ! 
 
 Aploccntrns • 
 
 calliops. 
 
 A myth! \ ^ 
 
 Claliiurus 
 
 punctulatus. 
 
 Micropterus. 
 
 Lepomis 
 
 auritus L. 
 
 Lepiopomns. 
 
 Pomotis* 
 
 auritus L. 
 
 Lepiopomus. 
 
 
 
 ^ •■ It. ' 
 
 r- ■' . If f-' 
 
 I' 
 
 A*' 
 
 ■f 
 
 •t 
 
 \ 
 
 h '. 
 1 * -. 
 
 •'" L''l. 
 
 \'!'^- 
 
 I'' 
 
10 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NOUTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 Rufinesquian genera. 
 Apomotis * 
 Notemigonus 
 Atnphiodon 
 Amblodoa 
 
 Cycleptus 
 Pylodictis 
 
 Stizostedioa • 
 Lepibema * 
 Pomacampsis • 
 Icthelis 
 Teliporais • 
 
 Aplites * 
 Nemocampsis • 
 Dioplites * 
 Ambloplites • 
 Aplesioa * 
 DiplesioD * 
 
 Poraolobus 
 Dorosoma 
 
 Clodalus * 
 
 Minnila8 
 
 Alburuus 
 
 Pboxinns 
 
 Dobala 
 
 Hemiplus (181-). 
 Luxilus 
 
 Typo species. Motlern genera. .,;.i 
 
 cyanellus. Apomotis. 
 
 auratus. Notemigonus {Stilhe). 
 
 " alveoides " (alosoides).Hyodon. 
 bubalus (teeth of grun- Icbthyobus and Ilaploi- 
 
 niens). 
 nigrescens. 
 limosus. 
 
 donotus. 
 Cycleptus. / 
 
 Pelodichthys {Eoplade- 
 
 his). 
 
 1820. 
 
 Stizostethiuin 
 Roccus Mitchill, 1817. 
 Stizostetbiura. 
 Lepiopomus. 
 Apomotis {B.-yttus C. 
 
 & v.). 
 
 Micropterus Lac. 
 Micropterus Lac. 
 Micropterus Lac. 
 Ambloplites. 
 Micropterus Lac^p. 
 Diplesiuiu {Hyostoma 
 
 Ag., 1854). 
 Pomolobus. 
 Dory soma {Chatomns 
 
 Cuv. & Val., 1829). 
 Elyodon Le S. 
 
 Nototropis. 
 
 alburnus L. (Euro- Alburuus (Heckel 
 
 pean). emend., 1843). 
 
 pboxinus L. (Euro- Pboxinus (Agassiz 
 
 pean). emend., 184-). 
 
 dobula L. (European). 1 Squalius Bonaparte, 
 
 (European ?). . "'"' 
 
 cbrysocepbalus. Luxilus {Hypsilcpis 
 
 Baird, 1854). 
 
 salmouea. 
 cbrysops. 
 nigropunctata. 
 auritus L. 
 
 pallida. 
 
 fiexuolaris. 
 
 salmouea. 
 
 ictbeloides. 
 
 calliura. 
 
 blennioides. 
 
 chrysocbloris. 
 notata. 
 
 clodalus (Le S.) 
 
REVIEW OF 
 
 KAPINESQUE ON AMERICAN PISHES. 11 
 
 Uafmesqiiiau genera. 
 
 Type species. 
 
 Modem genera. • » 
 
 Chrosomus 
 
 erytlirogaster. -. 
 
 Chrosomus. cnjA 
 
 Semotilas 
 
 dorsal is. 
 
 Semotilus. 
 
 Riitilus .. ^ 
 
 rutilus L. (European). 
 
 Leuciscus Klein, 17 — . 
 
 Plargyrus 
 
 rutilas L. 
 
 Leuciscus. 
 
 rimephales • 
 
 proroelas. * t '^ 
 
 Pimephales. 
 
 Moxostomft* i-v 
 
 anisurus. 
 
 Myxostoma {Pttjchoato- 
 
 si^ -nI-. ■ .- .- -. :■(■■■■ 
 
 
 mU8). '17 'i 
 
 Ictiobus* 
 
 bubal us. 
 
 Ichthyobus. 
 
 Carinodes ♦ 
 
 
 Carpiodes. 
 
 
 Teretulua • 
 Eurystoraus • 
 
 /''■ . 
 
 Myxostoma. 
 
 ? A myth. .;^.,^i.j. 
 
 megastomus. 
 
 Decactylus* . .„ . 
 
 
 Catostomus, etc. 
 
 i 1 'K i 
 
 
 Cycleptus . • 
 
 nigrescens. 
 
 Cycleptus. ,, <^^t 
 
 Ictalurus* „ . ^.y, 
 
 Elliops * , vv.-rr 
 
 
 Ichthselurus. , 
 Ichtbaelurus. . ,,, 
 
 maculatus. 
 
 Araeiurus* 
 
 
 Amiurus. 
 Pelodichthys. ^ ,^ 
 
 limosus. 
 
 Lpptops* 
 
 viscosus. 
 
 Pelodichthys. ^.^. 
 
 Opladelus * 
 
 uebulosus. 
 
 Pelodichthys. ,, ,,,,jt 
 
 Picorellus * 
 
 vittatus. 
 
 Esox. . 
 
 Cylindiosteus * ,,. ^ 
 
 platostomus. 
 
 Lepidosteus. , . 
 
 Atractosteus * 
 
 ferox. 
 
 Litholepis, 1818. ' , 
 
 Sturio* .^,,; 
 
 ^■i. ■ 
 
 Acipenser L. 
 
 ,-•, ;. ' - • ■ ■ 
 
 Sterletus* .,y;tv,;.i 
 
 serotinus. 
 
 Acipciiser L. , ,. 
 
 Dinectus 
 
 trnncatus. 
 
 Acipenser L. 
 
 Pegedictis ,, ,.^,.^ 
 
 ictalops. 
 
 Etheostoma {Catonotus). 
 
 Procero8 
 
 maculatus. 
 
 A myth. 
 
 II.— LIST OF SPECIES DESCRIBED PRIOR TO THE ICHTHY- 
 
 OLOGIA OHIENSIS. 
 
 I give here a list of the papers known to me in which descriptions by 
 Ilaftnesque, prior to those in the Ichthyologia, occur, with the names of 
 tbe species so described, the page on which the descriptions occur, and 
 my identification of the species. 
 
 
 :«'*l 
 
 
 ff ■•!■■ 
 
 ^ *: 
 
 1^^l 
 
12 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NOKTH A.MEEICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 •I. "Precis des D^cou vertex Somiologiques", 1814: «K»7*i!\'f'- 
 
 ,^, Sparus mocasinus ]9=Eupomotis aureu8(Walb.) G. &J, 
 
 Ceutropomus albas 19=Morone amcricana (Gmel.) Gill. 
 
 Coiitropomus luteus 19=Perca americana Schranck. 
 
 II. Diissertation on Water Snakes, Sea Snakes and Sea Serpents. 
 < American Monthly Magazine and Critical lieview, September, 1817 : 
 
 Aiignilla gigas 
 
 — 43-1= A myth. 
 
 III. First Decade of new North American Fishes. <; American Moutlily 
 Magazine and Critical Revie\7, December, 1817 : 
 
 Angnilla chrisypa 120:=Anguilla vulgaris Fleming. 
 
 Salmo pallidus. 120=Salmo namaycusb Bloch. 
 
 Bo(Manus runestris. . . . 120= Ambloplites rupestris (Baf.) Gill. 
 
 Bodianus achigan 120=Micropteru8 salmoides (Lac.) Gill. 
 
 Cypriuus bullaris 120=Leuco8omus buUaris (Raf.) Jor. 
 
 {Semotibis argenteus Auct.) 
 
 Cyprinus Lemiplas 121=Notemigonu8 aranricanus (L.) Jor. 
 
 Cypriuus vittatus 121=Rhini''bthys atronasus (Mit.) Ag 
 
 Cyprinus megalops 121=Luxiliis cornutus (Mir.) Jor. 
 
 Cyprihus melanurus... 121 = Luxnu8 cornutus (Mit.) Jor. 
 
 IV. Description of two new Genera of North American Fishes, Opaa 
 nu8 and Notropis. <;Arjerican Monthly Magazine, January, 1818: 
 
 Notropis atheriuoides.. 204=.*iototropi8 sp. (Minnilus llaf.— .It- 
 
 burnelhis Grd.). 
 
 V. Second Decade of new North American Fishes. < American Moiitlily 
 Magazine, January, 1818: • • • - 
 
 Perca mucrouata 204=Morono americana (Gmel.) Gill. 
 
 Percu uotata 205= Perca americana Schranck (=/'(7Tfl 
 
 • Jlavescens Auct.) 
 
 . Petromyzou leucopterus 205=Animoc<i'!te8 nigricans (Le S.)GilI. 
 Hparus erythrops 205 (Erroneous and unidentKIablc ) 
 
 ri 
 
 *I liavo beiui unable to obtnin tliiH paper. rrofi'tMor Qill inftirma n;o that two or 
 throu other American flpeciea aru described in '*, auion(r them Prrm americana Scbraiicii 
 
HEVIEW OF BAFINESQUE OM AMERICAN FISHES, ^^i^-- 
 
 VI. Discoveries in Natural History, made during a Journey through the 
 Western Kegion of the United States by (Jonstautine Samuel Riifines- 
 que, esq. Addressed to Samuel L. Mitchill, President, and other 
 members of the Lyceum of Natural History in a letter dated at Louis 
 ville, Falls of the Ohio, 20th July, 1818. < American Monthly Maga- 
 zine and Critical Review, September, 1818. •(Twenty-six species re- 
 corded, the following described at some length :) 
 
 Glossodonharengoides. 354=nyodon te^-gisns Le Sueur. 
 
 Glossodon heterurus. . . 354 = Uyodon tergisua Le Sueur. 
 
 Perca salmonea. 3r)4=Stizostethium salmoneum Baf. 
 
 Sciaena caprodes 354=Percina caprodca (Raf.) Grd. ' 
 
 Silurus punctatus 354=Ichthaeluru8 punctatus (Raf.) Jor. 
 
 Silurus olivaris 351=Peludichthys olivaris (Raf.) Gill 
 
 & Jor. 
 
 Catostomus bubalus. .. 3ii4=Ichthyobu8 bubalus Raf. 
 
 Catostomus erythrurus. 3^4— Myxostoma duquesnii (Le S.) Jor. 
 
 Clupea heterurus 354=Dory8omacepedianaheterura(Riti.) 
 
 Jor. 
 
 "rho following iH the catalof;ue as given in tbis )>aper: 
 
 Porca salmouea Sahuon. 
 
 Perca cbrysops Kockfltth. 
 
 Hciaena griinuions Wliito Perch. 
 
 Hcimna caprodeH Hog Fish. 
 
 Bodianus calliurus Bass. 
 
 SpariiB cyauelus 8iin FihIi. 
 
 Hpariiit nigropnnctatus Bachelor Perch. i 
 
 Silur'.iH punctatus Mud Cat Finh. 
 
 Silurus olivaris Yellow Cat Fish. 
 
 Silurus aniblodou Black Cat Fish. 
 
 Catostomus bubalus Bufi'ivloe Fish. 
 
 Catostomus erythrurus I?ed Horse. 
 
 Catostomus macroptcrus Carp. 
 
 Catostomus duquesnui Sucker. 
 
 Clupea uetemriis „ Cizzard. 
 
 Clupea alosoides Shad. 
 
 (ilosnmlon bareugoides Spring Herring. 
 
 Ulossodon heterurus Summer Herring. 
 
 Ilydrargyra dinema Minny. 
 
 Hydrargyra notata Chub. 
 
 Hjdrargyra amUops White Chnb. 
 
 Lflpisoateus iiuviatlliH Gar Fish. " '*-_ 
 
 Polywlou folium Shovel Fihh. .;„- 
 
 Poly(Mlo:i pristis Spade Fish. 
 
 Acipensor platorynchut Sturgeon. » .^ . . .^^^.,, 
 
 Silurus pallidus White Cat. ^ j* 
 
 Not seen yet: Pike, Eels, Lamprey, Black Perch, Yellow Perch, Rod Porch. .«<.,,(,« 
 
 :P\ 
 
l4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 VIL Further discoveries in ISatural History, made during a journey 
 through the Western Region of the United States, by Constantine 
 Samuel Bafinesque, esq. < American Monthly Magazine and Critical 
 Keview, October, p. 445. (Describes new genera Litholepisy Dinoctm 
 and Pogostoma, and n^entions without description the typical species 
 of each.) 
 
 Twenty-two species are catalogued and three species are described, as 
 follows:* 
 
 Anguilla laticauda 445= Anguilla vulgaris Fleming. 
 
 Esox vittatus 445= Unidentified. 
 
 Bodianus calliops 445= A myth. 
 
 VIII. Further account of Discoveries in Natural History in the Western 
 States, by Constantine Samuel liafinesque, esq. Communicated iu a 
 letter from that gentleman to the editor, Lexington, October 5, 18LS. 
 < American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review, November, 181S. 
 (Three new genera described and the typical species of each :) 
 
 Pomoxis annularis 41=Pomoxys annularis. 
 
 Noturus fiavus 41=Noturu8 flavns Raf. 
 
 Sarchirus v ittatus ..... 41 = Lepidosteus tsseus (L.) Ag. 
 
 * The following are the speciea added to the catalogue in this puper : 
 
 LepiHOHteuH platoHtoninn Alligator Fiah. 
 
 LopisoHteus Htecorby uchus Oar Fiuh. 
 
 ., ,^ Anguilla latiouuda Ohio Eel. 
 
 Cyprinus fasciolaris Mullet. 
 
 CypriuuB trachiaphuH Drown Mnllut. 
 
 KxoglosRuni argentuni White Chnb. 
 
 Olmeriis alhula White Fish. 
 
 HmlianuH calliops Bride Perch. 
 
 > .)■ PogoNtoDia leuoops White Eye. 
 
 Esox vittutus Jack Pike. 
 
 Esox fasciolaris Hahnon Pike. 
 
 !'' Catostonius aniisopteruB Perch Boifalo. 
 
 Catostonuis aiublodou Black Buffalo. 
 
 Catostomns velifer Sailor Fish. 
 
 L - Glossodon chrysops Oold Eye Herring. 
 
 Clupf>a clirysochloriB Golden Rh ad. 
 
 HiluruB pallidus Whits Cat Fish. 
 
 SIluruR cerulrsoena Blue Cat Fish. 
 
 <li< ;; ■ (Jlanis llniosuR Mud Cat Fish. 
 
 Aocipenser b«ptipas..... lirown Sturgeon. 
 
 Dinoctus trnncatnt Bluiit-nose Stnrgi>nn. 
 
 '•a'- Lttholi'pis adaniantiuna Diamond Fish or l)«vil.litck 
 
 ~ , '■ I 
 
BEVIEW OP EAFINE8QUE ON AMERICAN PISHES. 
 
 15 
 
 mi.-' 
 
 IX. Description of three new Genera of Fluviatile Fish, Pomoxis, Sar- 
 chirus, and Exoglossuni. < Journal of Philadelphia Academy of JJ at- 
 ural Sciences, November, 1818. v- <.■: 
 
 Pomoxi.j annularis. 417 =Pomoxy8 annularis Ilaf. 
 
 Sarchirus vittatus 4I9=Lepidosteuso8seu8(Lac.)Ag. (jnv.) 
 
 Exoglossnm macropte- vr v^ r - " v 
 
 8S,- ) rum 420=Hypentelium nigricans (Le 8.) Jor. 
 
 Exoglossum annulatum 42lr-Exoglossum maxillingua (Le B/ 
 
 Haid. 
 Exoglossum nigrescens. 422= Exoglossum maxillingua. 
 Exoglossum lesurianum. 420— Exoglossum maxillingua. 
 
 X. Description of a new Genus of Fresh- Water Fish, Exoglossum. 
 <Silliman'8 American Journal of Science and Arts, 1819. ; . 
 
 Exoglossum vittatum .. 15G=Exoglo88ura ranxillingun. 
 
 .Hi-: 
 
 Exoglossum annulatum . 15C=Exoglos8um maxillingua. 
 
 i ',' .■ " ■* 
 
 a.: 
 
 a 
 
 XI. Prodrome de 70 nouveaux Genres d'Animaux ddcouverts dans 
 rint^rieur des iStats-Unis d'Am^rique duraat l'ann6e 1818. <;oournal 
 do Physique, de (3hyuiie et d'Histoire Naturelle, June, 1819. 
 
 Aplodinotus gruuniens. 119=HapIoidonotu8 grunniens Raf. 
 Etheostoma tiabellaris . . 419=:Etheostoma flabellarisRaf. (C'afo- 
 
 i . nottis Ag.). , 
 
 Etheostoma caprodes. . . 419=Percina caprodes (Raf.) G»'d. 
 Etheostoma blenuioides. 419=Diple8ium blennioides (Raf.) Jor. 
 
 Pogostoma leucops 4I9=Amyth! 
 
 Aplocentrus calliops... 420=A uiyth! 
 
 420=Micropteru8 snlmoide* (Lac.) Gill. 
 420=Apomoti8 cyanellus (Raf.) Cope & 
 
 Jor. [liryttua inincopan Cope). 
 420=^Lepioporaus niacrochirus Itiif. 
 
 (nepAc/w* Cope). • 
 
 421— Notemigonus nmericanus (Lac.) 
 
 Jor. 
 421=nyodon tergisus Le 8. 
 421 = Ichthyobu8bi'bulus(Raf.) Ag. (in 
 
 pa.t). 
 42IsI3ubaUchthys uiger (Raf.) Ag. 
 
 Oalliurus punctulatus.. 
 Lepomis cyanellus 
 
 Lepomis mncrochirus . . 
 
 Notemigonus anratus.. 
 
 Amphiodon alveoides.. 
 Amblodon bubalus 
 
 Arablodon niger . . . . 
 
 i. r/JJ 
 
 m 
 
 .Ml 
 
 m 
 
16 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 iflii Cycleptus nigrescens. .. 421=Cycleptu8elougatu8(LeS.) Ag. 
 
 \fij^ Noturus ]uteus 42I=:Noturus flavusEaf. 
 
 '»t . i Pilodictis limosus 422=Pelo(licbthy8olivaris(Raf.)Gin& 
 
 ««^* Jor. 
 
 Litholepis adamantinas. 422=Litholepi8 8patula (Lac.) Jor. 
 
 XII. I)e8cription of the Silures or Cat-Fishes of the River Ohio, by C. S. 
 Raflnesque, Professor of Botany in the Transylvania Uiiiverisity of 
 Lexington, Kentucky. <Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and 
 Arts, Royal Institution, London, 1820, ix. 
 
 Silurus maculatus 48=IchthsBluru8 punctatus (Raf.) Jor. 
 
 var. erythroptera 49=Ichth8Bluru8 punctatus (Raf.) Jor. 
 
 Silurus pallidas 49= Ichthajlurus punctatus. 
 
 var. marginatus 49= Ichthtelurus punctatus. 
 
 var. lateralis 49=IchthsBluruspunctatua. 
 
 var. leucoptera. ....... 49=Ichth8Bluru8 punctatus. 
 
 Silurus cerulescens 49=Ichth{eluru8 punctatus. 
 
 var. melanurus 49= Ichthselurus punctatus. 
 
 .t- Silurus argentinus 50= Ichthaolurus punctatus. 
 
 • I Silurus nebulosuH 50=Pelodichthy8 olivaris (Raf.) G. 
 
 K &J. 
 
 Silurus viscosus 50=Pelodichthy8 olivaris. 
 
 Silurus lividus 5l=Amiuru8 lividus (Raf.) Jor. 
 
 var. fuscatus 51 =Amiuru8 lividus. 
 
 Silurus melas 5I=sA'iiiuru8 melas(Raf.) Jor. & Cope- 
 laud. 
 
 Silurus cupreus 61=Amiuru8 lividus cupreus ('Jaf.) 
 
 .y-,. ■• ',/. . ■'■■■..■^. . ,; - / V . Jor. 
 
 Silurus xanthocephalus.. 51=Aininrus xanthocephalus (Raf) 
 
 . ;. . , • V Gill. 
 
 Silurus limosus . . 51=Pelodichthys olivaris. 
 
 III.— ICHTHYOLOGIA OUIENSIS. 
 
 lobthyologia Obiensis | or | Natural History | of | tbo Fisbes Inbabiting tbo | River 
 Oblo I <hmI its Tributary Streams | Preceded by a pbysical description of the Oliio and 
 its branches ] by C. 8. Kaflnesquo, | — | Professor of Botany and Natural History in 
 Transylvania University, Author of the Analysis of Nature, &c., &c., nieniber of tbo 
 Literary and Philosophical Society of New York, tbo Historical Society of New Yorli, 
 the Lyceum of Natural Ilistoryof New York, the Academy of Sciences of Philiub>liiliiu» 
 the American Antiquarian Society, the Uoyal Institute of Natural Sciences of Naplce., 
 the Italian Society of Arts and Sciences, the Medical Societies of Lexington and Cin> 
 
REVIEW OP BAFINESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. 
 
 tt 
 
 cinnati, &c., &c. | — | The art of seeing well, or of noticing and distinguisbiug with 
 accuracy tlio objects which we perceive is a high faculty of the mind, unfolded in few 
 individuals, and despised by those who can neither acquire it, nor appreciate its re- 
 sults I — I Lexington, Kentucljy j printed for the Author by W. G. Hunt (price ono 
 dollar). I — I 1820 | (I vol., 8vo, 90 pp.) 
 
 Oa the reverse of the title-page 
 
 'A 
 
 These Pages | and tho Discoveries which they contain | in one of the principal 
 Brandies | of Natural History, | are respectfully Inscribed | by the Author | To his fel- 
 low-labourers in the same field of Science | Prof. Samuel L. Mitchill, M. D. | who has de- 
 wribed the Atlantic Fishes of New York, | and to | C. A. Le Sueur, | who was the first 
 to explore the Ichthyology of the Groat American Lakes, &o. ( lu Token | of Friend- 
 ship, Respect, and Congratulation. 
 
 I. Genus, PERCH, PBRCA, Perche. (p. 20.) 
 
 let species, Salmon-Percb, PERCA SALMONEA, Perche Saumone. (p. 21.) 
 
 Stizostethium SALMONEUM Raf., Cope, etc. 
 
 A fair descriptioQ, as Professor Copo bas shown. This fish is probably 
 (listitict from 8. vitreum, although the two species are closely related. 
 On page 23, Rsjfinesque suggests that P salmonen forms a peculiar sub- 
 genus or genus which may be called Stizostedion. This name antedates 
 Lucinperca of Cuvier, and has been generally adopted by recent Ameri- 
 can authors. 
 
 2d species, Golden-Eyes Perch, PERCA CHRTSOPS, Perche-csuil-d'or. 
 
 (l).i>2.) 
 
 Roccus cnBYSOPs (Raf.) Gill. 
 
 Description not quite accurate but recognizable. On page 23 the 
 subgeueric name of Lepibema is proposed for It, but Roccm of Mitchill 
 is oldi'r. Lepibema may bo retained as the uanie of a subgenus of Roc- 
 cus, the body being shorter and deeper and the dentition somewhat dif 
 fereut. » 
 
 3d species, Bl&ck-dotted Fcroli, PERCA NZGROPUNCTATA Perche a 
 
 pointa-noirs. (p. 2;J.) ^ : >- :^ ;.i .. v- - 
 
 An unrecognizable description, based, as nearly all of Rafinescpje's 
 worst descriptions are, "on u drawing" of Mr. Audubon. The original 
 may have been Percina caproden, StizoHtethium canadense, or nothing. 
 liii(iiies(iue proposes for it the generic name of Pomai'ampsin. 
 Bull. 0—2 
 
 ('• • • 
 
 4 
 
 IM 
 
 i 
 
 
 W.I 
 
 h\^ 
 
 ♦■•- i ' 
 
 ;.n 
 
 i- ' 
 
 '►V 
 
 s^',*- 
 
 
 ( 
 
 '. f." 
 
 - r 
 
H,"l'i 
 
 f. 
 
 18 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 »^,,T. ... II. Genua, BUBBLER, AMBLODON, Amblodon. (p. 24.) 
 
 = Aplodinotus BinQnesqwQ J ISIO. 
 
 = n a ploidono^us GiU, 18GI. .. 
 
 4th species, Onmting Bubbler, AMBLODON QRUNinENS, Amblodon 
 gtognant. (p. 24.) 
 
 Haploidonotus grunniens Eaf. 
 Corvina oscula Cuv. & Val., 1830. 
 Corvina grisea Dekay, 1842. 
 Amblodon grunniens Agassi z, 1854. 
 A very good description. 
 
 m. Genua, PAINTED TAIL, Calllure. (p. 26.) 
 
 Micropterus Lac6pMe, not Callinrus Agassiz, Girard, etc. = Chcenobryttus 
 Gill. 
 
 5th species, Dotted Painted Tail, CALLIURXTS PUNCTULATUS, Calliure 
 pointille. 
 
 Micropterus salmoides (Lac6p.) Gill. 
 
 The peculiar coloration of the caudal fin which suggested the name 
 Calliurtis, "base yellow, middle blackish, tip white", belongs among 
 Ohio fishes only to the young of the Bliick Bass. Calliurus, therefore, 
 as shown by Professor Gill, is a synonym of Micropterus^ and cannot be 
 applied to a distinct genus. 
 
 IV. Genus, SUNFISH, ICTHELIS, Isthele. (p. 27.) 
 =Lepomis Raf., 1819. 
 
 1st subgenus, TELIPOMIS. (p. 27.) 
 = Apomotis Raf., 1819=Bryttu8 C. & V., 1831. 
 
 * 6th species, Gilded Sunfish, ICTHELIS MACROCHIRA, Icthele macro- 
 chire. (p. 27.) 
 
 Lepiopomus macrochirus Raf. 
 
 Lepomis nephelus Cope. 
 This description applies perfectly to Lepomis nephelus Cope, a rather 
 
 • Body oval, oblonj;, gilt, crowded with amaH brown dotts; head imall, scaly, operr^ie 
 flt^xuuHu, Hpot narrow, marginal, niid black ; jaws equal ; tail forked; pectoral fins long 
 and narrow, reaching the anal Jin, wliioh has lli rays, wbureof 3 are spiny. 
 
 A pretty spocios from threw to four inches long. In the Ohio, Groeu River, WnlwHli, 
 &c. Names, Sim-iish, Gotd-tish, &c. Head rather acute, not scaly before the pyt's. 
 Iris gilt brown. Dorsal flu with 22 long rays, whereof 11 are spiny ; a deprcHHion be- 
 tween the two sorts of rays. Analiin broad ttud rounded. Tail 20 rays. Thoracic 1 
 and 5. Pectoral 15, Diameter of the body nearly oue-fgurtb of total length (wiih 
 caudal). • •■ v ^: <- -^.^a-:/: ■' ;- -.^ '■■■" ^.v • "'-f' 
 
'1 REVIEW OF KAFINESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. ''"'^J 
 
 common species in Southern Ohio and Indiana. Pomotia macrochira 
 Kirtland is based, in part at least, on Lepomis pallidm (Mitch.). Ichthelis 
 macrochira Jordan (Man. Vert.) is a Xcnotis, to which I have since 
 given the name of X. awreoifMS. <:,,!»;. 
 
 • 7th apecies, Blue Sunflah, ICTHELIS CYANELLA, Icthele bleuatre. 
 APOMOTIS CYANELLUS Eaf. .r> . 
 
 Bryttus punctatus Cuv. & V0I. t 
 
 CalUurus lottgulus Girard. '' 
 
 CalUiirm formosus Girard. 
 
 CalUurus longulus Bliss {in lit. — specimens identified). 
 
 Chwnobryttus mineopas Cope. h; 
 
 Icthelis melanops Raf. {Choenobryttus melanopa Cope, not of Gill.) 
 
 Kaflnesque'a description, although erroneous in one or two particu- 
 lars, refers to a species of Apomotis, and the name cyanelUi has priority 
 over all others. As in nearly every case the "diameter" is made too 
 small ; evidently Rafinesque trusted his eyes in such cases instead of a 
 tape-line. 
 
 tSth apeciea, Black-Eye Suofish, ICTHELIS MELANOPS, lothele aeuil- 
 
 Apomotis cyanellus Raf. 
 Description somewhat erroneous, but chafacteristic. 
 
 * Body elliptical, elongate, diameter oiio-flfth, olivaceous gilt, crowded with irregular 
 blue dotts ; brownish above ; head elongate, lower jaw longer, clweks with blue JUxuose lines ; 
 upot oblong, blackish, nearly marginal; tail rounded, notched ; anal flu very broad with 
 1'^ ray8, whereof throe are short spiny ; pectoral fins very short. 
 
 A small species hardly three inches, called Blne-flsh or Sun-flsh. I found it on the 
 Ohio at the falls. Appearing entirely blue at a distance. Head brown above; iris gilt ; 
 opercle curved; tail olive-blue with 24 rays. Dorsal fin browuish with 20 rays, 
 wju-reof 10 are spiny, hardly any middle depression. Pectorals small trapezoidal, 13 
 rays. Thoracic one and five. 
 
 t Body oblong, diameter one-fourth, olivaceous, covered with blue dotts, neck brown above, 
 head large, mouth rather large, upper jaw longer; opercule with blue curved and longitudi- 
 •Mtli lies beneath; spot rounded, black at its base; fins olivaceous, tail bilobed; anal 
 tin with three and nine rays ; pectoral fins large oboval. 
 
 Length from 2 to 6 inches ; common in the tributary streams of the Ohio, the Ken- 
 tucky, Licking, Miami, &c., and even in small creeks. Vulgar names, Blue-fiah, Dlack- 
 *'yeR, Sun-fish, Blue-bass, &.0, It has black eyes (pupils) like all the other species, bnt 
 the iris is black also, with a silvery hue or ring. Dorsal f-n with 10 and 10 rays, the 
 tpitt.v ones very short. Caudal 20. Pectoral 10. Thoracic 1 and 5 as uaual, but th« 
 "Pitiy ray is very short, as are also those of the anal fin. iViiiiiai© 
 
 •■I 
 
 5^ 
 
 ■tA 
 
 ^B 
 
 ' m 
 
 • \ <i 
 
 
 -i 
 
 > f 
 
 
 . n 
 
 ' ' 'X 
 
 9 
 
 V 
 
 
 ill' 
 
 r 
 
 • 
 
 i 
 
 lif:- 
 
 ,*• 
 
 f 
 
 1/^;:- • 
 
 ■ t 
 
 
 
 '' 
 
 
 
 ;Ki 
 
 ■ ■ (,| 
 
 "OS 
 
ti 
 
 20 CONTRIBUTIOl^rS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 2d subgenus, POMOTIS. (p. 28.) 
 
 9th species, Red-Eye Sunfish, ICTECELXS ERYTHROFS, Icthele ceuil- 
 rouge. (p. 29.) 
 
 Amploplites bupestris (Raf.) Gill. 
 Bodianus rupestris Rafiuesque, 1818. 
 
 Description fair. The uame Pomotis, first proposed ia 1819, is a mere 
 synonym of Lepomis. 
 
 * lOth species, Eared Sunfish, ICTHELIS AURITA, Icthele oreilleuse. 
 
 '»*" Xenotis lytheochloris Jordan, nom. sp. nov. 
 
 Not Pomotis auritus ("L.") GUnther. 
 = Lepomis auritus Cope. (Not of Raf. 1818.) 
 
 llth species, Big-Ear Sunfish, ICTHELIS MEQALOTIS, t Icthele megalote. 
 (p. 29.) 
 
 Xenotis megalotis (Raf.) Jordan. 
 
 Pomotis nitidus Kirtland. 
 Not Ichthelis incisor (C. & V.) Holbr. 
 Not Lepomis megalotis Cope. 
 Ichthelis megalotis Raf., Bliss {in lit). 
 
 Description pretty good. This cannot be the Lepiopomus pallidus {in 
 cisor), as has been supposed by Professor Cope. 
 
 V. Genus, RIVER-BASS, LEPOMIS, Lepome. (p. :^0.) 
 
 = Micropterus Lac^p^de. 
 Not Lepomis Raf., 1810. 
 
 • Body oyaJ «??ip<jc (diarueter ono-third), oli.-aceous with blue and rufous dots; licad 
 small, jaw8 equal, operciile floxuose, appendage black, braid and truncate, some bhwjkx- 
 uone lines on the side of the head; tail brownish hinulato ; back brownish ; anal flu 'i and 
 9 ; pectorals not reaching the vent. Thoracics miicronato. 
 
 Length from 3 to 12 inches; common in the rivers, creeks, and ponds of Kentucky. 
 Vulgar name, Sunfish. Iris brown. Dorsal fin brownish, 10 and 10, spiny rays shorter, 
 thoracic fins very long; spiny rays rather shorter, first soft ray mucrouate ; pectorals 
 nearly rhomboidal with 14 rays, tail 16 rays. 
 
 t Body oval, ron.iOed (diameter two-fifths), chestnut color %cith blue dots, belly red; head 
 large, lower jaw longer, opercule with blue flexuose lines, appendage black, very large 
 . elliptic, end rounded ; tail black, slightly forked, pectoral large, reaching the vent ; anal 
 lilt 3 and 9 ; thoracics long and mucrouate ; black tail. 
 
 A fine opecies, called Red-belly, Black-ears, Bluck-tail Sun-fish, &c. It lives iu the 
 Kentucky, Licking, and Sandy Rivers, «&c. Length from 4 to 8 inches. Ilead rcnj 
 sloping, iris silvery brown, belly of a bright copper red color. All the fins black exociil tln' 
 pectorals, which are olivaceous, trapezoidal, acute and large. The dorsal has 20 rays, 
 whereof 9 short ones are spiny. Body very short, hardly as long as broad, if the head and 
 tail are deducted. Thoracics like those of the foregoing species. 
 
REVIEW OF EAPINESQUE ON AMEBICAN FISHES. 
 
 21 
 
 ^' 1st subgenus, APLITES. (p. 30.) « a r . ^ 
 12th species, Pale River-Bass, LEPOMIS PALLIDA, Lepome palo. (p. 30.) 
 MiCROPTERUS PALLiDUS (Kaf.) Gill & Jordan. , 
 
 (Young; " length C to 12 inches".) 
 
 = Micropterus nigricans {(3. &Y.) GiW. . 
 
 = M. floridamis (Le 8.) Goode. 
 
 13th species, Streaked-Cheeks, River-Bass, LEPOMIS TRIFASCIATA, 
 Lepome trifaaciee. (p. 31.) 
 
 MiCROPTERUS SALMOIDES (Lac.) Gill. ("Over a foot in length".) ' 
 
 14th species, Brown Rivor-Bass, LEPOMIS FLEXUOLARIS, Lepome 
 
 flexueuz. (p.31.) . ..,. , ...- .>..:,' 
 
 MiCROPTERUS SALMOiDES. (Adult ; " reaching the length of 2 feet".) 
 This is made to form another subgenus, Nemocampsis. 
 
 2d Subgenus, DIOFLITBS. (p. 32.) ^. .,<, 
 
 15th species. Trout River-Bass, LEPOMIS SALMONEA, Lepome saumone. 
 
 (p. 32.) ^ : , :> 
 
 MiCROPTERUS SALMOIDES. ("Length 6 to 24 inches".) . - 
 
 16th species, Spotted River-Bass, LEPOMIS NOTATA, Lepome tache. 
 
 (p. 32.) 
 
 MiCROPTERUS SALMOIDES. ("3 to 8 inches long ".) 
 
 17th species, Sunfish River-Bass, LEPOMIS lOTEZLOIDJSS. Lepome 
 ictheloide. (p. 32.) 
 
 Ambloplitcs ichtheloides Ag, , 
 
 Ambloplites rupestris (Raf.) Gill. 
 
 This is made to "almost form a peculiar subgenus", termed Ambloplites. 
 
 VI. Oenus, POMOXIS, POMOXIS, Pomoze. (p. 33.) 
 
 = Pomoxis Agassiz. 
 
 18th species, Gold-Ring Pomoxis, POMOXIS ANNULARIS, Pomoze 
 aniiulaire. (p. 33.) 
 
 POMOXYS ANNULARIS Raf. 
 
 Cichla storeria Kirtland. 
 
 Pomoxys storerius, intermedins^ protacanthus, and hrevicauda Gill. '*' ' 
 Description not entirely accurate, but certainly sufficient for identifi- 
 cation. This fish is now, as in Rafinesque's ti.ne, abundant at the Falls 
 of the Ohio, where it is now called " Bachelor". Throughout Kentucky 
 it is known as the "New Light", and sometimes as "Campbellite". 
 The characters assumed to distinguish intcrmediv.Sj protacanthus, etc., are 
 entirely within the bounds of individual variation. 
 
 I 
 
 t 
 
 ••*f 
 
 
 4 
 
 I. 
 
 *. 
 
 
 .*'|f ■; 
 
 ; 1 ■.nl 
 
 • • y 
 
i 
 
 22 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 VII. Genus, RED-E7E, APLOCENTRUS, Aplocentre. (p. 31.) 
 
 19th species, Ohio Red-Eye, APLOCENTRUS CALLIOPS, Aplocentre 
 beloBulL (p. 31.) 
 
 A myth, described from a drawing by Mr. Audubon. Its characters 
 would indicate a sort of bunfish with a dorsal fin resembling that of 
 Coryphcena, " beginning behind the head with a single long, spiny ray, 
 and ending close to the tail ". 
 
 The name " Ked-Eye " in the region which this fish is supposed to in- 
 habit is chiefly applied to the Eock-Bass [Amblt^lites rupestria). 
 Vni. OenuB, BARBOT, POGOSTOMA, Barbotte. (p. 34.) 
 
 20th species, White-Eyes Barbot, POGOSTOMA LBXTCOPS, Barbotte 
 oeuilblanc. (p. 35.) 
 
 Another mythical species," described from a drawing of Mr. Audubon " 
 It is a toothless Sunfish, with two small distant dorsal fins, and six bar- 
 bels about the mouth. Whatever it is, it has probably no longer " a 
 great many vulgar names, such as White-Eyes, Spectacles-Fish, Streaked 
 Sunfish, Black Sunfish, Barbot, Bearded Sunfish, etc.". Nor do the 
 French settlers call it "Barbotte, Poisson Lunette, and CBuil-Blanc". 
 There is no sort of foundation for Professor Agassiz's assertion that 
 " Pogostoma is evidently synonymous with Lota^K 
 
 IX. Genus. HOGFISEI, BTHEOSTOMA, Etheostome. (p. 35.) 
 =Pegedicti8 Raf., 1820. 
 
 = Catonotus Ag., 1S54:. ' 
 
 =Etheo8toma Gill. & Jordan emend., 1877. 
 
 1st subgenus, AFLESION. (p. 36.) 
 = MiOEOPTEEUS Lac6p6de. 
 
 21st species, Bass Hogfisb, ETHEOSTOMA CALLIURA, Etheostome 
 calliure. (p. 36.) 
 
 MiCEopTEEUS SALMOiDES. (Young, 3 to 9 iuchcs long.) 
 
 "I*^^ has some similarity with the Lepomis Jlexuolaria, and some other 
 River-Bass *'.— tRaf.) 
 
 22nd species, Fantail Hogiish, ETHEOSTOMA FLABELLATA, Etheos- 
 tome eveutail. (p. 36.) 
 
 " - ETHEOSTOMA FLADELLAEIS Raf. 
 
 Etheostoma Jlabellaris Kaf.., 1S]9. ;. . i' : ' ■ , 
 
 Catonntua flabellatiis AucA. • ' 
 
 yPescrlptiou fair., The genus Etheostoma was based originally on this 
 
EEVIEW OF EAPINESQDE ON AMERICAN PISHES. 
 
 2a 
 
 
 <f 
 
 species, E. blcnnioidea, and E. caprodes. The original diagnosis was 
 drawn fiom E. JlabellaHs, and the subsequent subtraction of the two 
 latter as Diplesium leaves the name properly to be retained here. ^lad 
 
 *23d species, Black Hogfisb, BTHEOSTOMA NIGRA, BtheoBtome noire. 
 
 (p. 37.) ,, ........ ., ... ,..,.. ,„.,»,.,* 
 
 t k>: ■ , BoLEOSOMA NIGRA (Raf.) Jordan, s ,i' * -f^ttxt'vwO 
 Bokosoma mactilatum Agaasiz. ^ - vo'irtfe 
 
 Boleosoma brevipinne Cope. ij,; ^ i ^^ . >, «.f!; 
 
 Not Nothonotiis maculaius Agassiz. 
 Not Poecilichthy8 camurna Cope. 
 
 Description not very good, but I hare little hesitation in making the 
 above identification, as the colors of the males of this species in spring 
 are often so intense in life as to give the impression of a truly black fish. 
 The small, dark spots, obvious on close inspection, may be readily over- 
 looked. 
 
 The name Aplesium cannot be retained for this genus, as in the nam- 
 ber of the Western Miscellaneous Mag. in which Aplesion was first pro- 
 posed this species was not included. ' .1- 
 
 I am now convinced that my previous identification of Etheostomi, 
 nigra with Pvecilichthya eamurus Cope and Etheostoma macxilatum Kirt. 
 is erroneous. 
 
 1 2d subgenus, DIPLESION. (p. 37.) 
 
 t24th species, Blunt-Nose Hogfii^, BTHEOSTOMA BLBNNIOIDE3, Ethe. 
 ostome Dlennioide. (p< 37.) 
 
 Diplesium blbi oides Eaf. .^ 
 
 Etlieostoma hlennioides Kirtland (description but not figore), (not of 
 
 Agassiz and late authors). 
 Pileoma cymatogramma Abbott. : a^ Svw 
 
 Hyoxtoma cymatogrammum Cope. 
 
 Raflnesque's description cannot refer to the "^. hlennioides Raf." of 
 Agassiz and recent authors {^Alvordiua aapro Cope and Jor.). The 
 
 * Entirely black, pale Iteneath ; scales smooth, lateral line atreight, mouth rather beneath, 
 forehead rounded, ttpper jaw longer; preopercule rounded, spine acute; vent rather ante- 
 rior: tail entire nearly truncate. 
 
 From one to two inches long. Observed in Qreen River. Vulgar name Black Minny. 
 Iris black, silvery, and small. Diameter one-seventh of the length, without spots. 
 Head small. Pectoral fins oboval. Tail 20. Anal fin 2 and 8. Dorsal 10 and 12. 
 
 t Dorsal fin nearly double, divided into two joining parts. Meaning nearly double. 
 
 t ISody elongate, breadth one-eighth of the length, olivaceous, ahnost diaphanous, some 
 hown spots ott the back, and some brown geminate transversal lines across the lateral line, 
 
 ! 
 
 ■ 1' .^ 
 
 ■'■.*# V 
 
 
 IT ^ \iif: 
 
 

 24 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 beaatiful aiiu singular coloration of that species — a chain of rounded 
 confluent, black blotches on a jellowish ground — would surely have been 
 noticed. Moreover, the pattern of color of Rafluesque's fish is exactly 
 that of a young ^^Hyostoma cymatogrammum". Furthermore, the charac- 
 ters "head small", "snout rounded", "mouth small, beneath", "cheeks 
 swelled", "dorsal 13 and 13", "a brown stripe upon it", etc., apply per- 
 fectly to the "/Z}/o«towrt" and not to the ^^Etheostoma^. In the streuins 
 where Bafinesque collected, I find the former species much the more 
 abundant. , «^ • .■ 
 
 25th species, Common Hogfish, ETHEOSTOMA CAPRODES, Etheoa- 
 tome capros. (p. 3S.) , v-j-. •. ,•.,,.• i 
 
 Peecina capkodes (Raf.) Girard. 
 
 Description good. 
 
 X. Genus, OOLDSHAD, POMOLOBUS, Pcmolobe. (p. 38.) 
 
 <.Alo8a of authors. ' 
 
 = Pomolobus Gilh 
 
 26th species, Ohio Ooldshad, POMOLOBUS CHR7SOCHLORIS, Pomo- 
 lobe dore. (p. 39.) . 
 
 Pomolobus chetsochloris Raf., Gill., and late authors. 
 
 Description good. 
 
 XI. QenuB, GIZZARD, DOROSOMA, Dorosome. (p. 39.) 
 
 =zChatoe88U8 Cuvier and most authors. 
 =I)orosoma Gill. 
 
 27th speciMb Spotted Gizzard, DOROSOMA NC>TATA, Dorosoma tache. 
 (p. 40.) 
 
 DOEYSOMA HETEEUEA (Raf.) Jor. 
 
 Clupea heterurus Raf., 1818. 
 Chatoessus elliptieus Kirtland. 
 Good description of a young specimen. 
 
 which is straight, but raised at the base. Head small, snout rounded, mouth small beneath, 
 lower jaxo shorter ; opercule angnlar, spine acute ; scales ciliated, pectoral fins elongate, 
 tail also, and bilobed at the end. 
 
 A strange species, which has the appc.fance, head and spots of many Blennie». 
 Length 2 or 3 inches, and slender. Seen in the Ohio, Wabash, Mnskinguni, &c. Color 
 pale, sometimes fulvous, whitish beneath. Cheeks stoelled and smooth, preoperculo simple 
 arched, opercnle quite angular ; iris large and blackish ; scales ronghened by the cilia- 
 tiou. Dorsal fin 13 and 13, beginning above the middle of the pectorals and ending with 
 the anal, one faint, longitudinal brown stripe on it. Tail 20 rays, with many small trans- 
 versal lines. Vent medial. Anal flu 2 and 8. Pectoral flus 16, oblong acute. 
 
REVIEW OP RAPINESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. 
 
 25 
 
 \ 
 
 t 
 
 •Xn. OenuB, GK>LD HERRING, NOTEMiaONUS, Notemigone. (p. 40.) 
 <^Abrami8 Cuvier and many authors (not type). 
 
 =:6l<ii6c Dekay (pre-occupied in botany). , .^ 
 
 =Stilbin8 Gill. '>^ jMi^rvr 
 
 =Luxilu8 Girard (not of Rafluesque=fli/psiiepi»). 
 =Letico8omu8 Storer (not of Heckel). 
 =Plargyru8 Putnam (not of liafluesque, etc.). ^ 
 
 1 28th species. Ohio Oold Herring, NOTBMIOONUS AURATTJB, Notemi* 
 gone dore. (p. 40.) fdhUfi. 
 
 NoTEMiGONUS AMERiCANUS (L.) Jordan. ,-, cs 
 
 Cyprinus americanus Linnaeus. '"'" 
 
 Stilbe chrysoleuca (Mit.) Dek. .' '' '•'^'^^ 
 
 Stilbe americana (L.) Co^e. , , \ j^ 
 
 Abramia americanus (L.) Giinther. 
 
 A very good description, correct in every particular. This fish is 
 rarely or never called Shiner in the Ohio Basin, and it is very often con- 
 sidered by the fisherman as a Shad. If this genus be really distinct 
 from the European Abratnis, as its serrated teeth indicate, the generic 
 name of Notemigonus must be adopted. , , .,^ , ^, , ^, .,.^q 
 
 Xm. Genus, FALSE HERRING, HVODON, Hyodon. (p. 41.) ,^ 
 1st subgenus, AMPHIODON. (p. 41.) , ; ' 
 
 29th species, Toothed False Herring, HTODON AMPHIODON, Do. {sic.) 
 {?.4^.) ■ 
 
 Hyodon teegisus Le Sueur. 
 
 It is now generally conceded that there is but one species of Hyodon. 
 I find some variation in form of body and number of fin-rays in speci- 
 mens from different waters, but nothing indicating specific distinction. 
 No author, so far as I know, has paid any attention to the numerous 
 
 * Body fuBiform, compressed, scaly. Vent posterior. Abdomen obtusely carinated, 
 not serrate; hack aimUar before the dorsal fin. Head scaleless, mouth small, without treth, 
 lower jaw longer ; gill-cover double, opercnle simple. Abdominal fins with nine rays 
 and vo lateral appendage. Dorsal fin behind them above the vent. This genus differs from 
 Clupea by the carinated back and bolly, wiihout serratures, and the posterior dorsal. 
 Tlie name means back half augular. 14th G. of my Prodr. N. G. Animals. 
 
 t Back gilt olivaceous, remainder gilt silvery ; tins yellow ; lateral line following the 
 curve of the belly ; dorsal with 9 rays, anal with 12 ; tail equally forked. 
 
 Length from 4 to 8 inches, diameter one-fifth of the total k igth. Iris gilt. Tongue 
 short, toothless. Scales large, radiating with nerves. Head convex above and small. 
 Dorsal fin broad trapezoidal, the first ray longer. Anal broad also, but not so much. 
 Pectoral small with 16 rays. Tail 24. Not uncommon in the Ohio, Kentucky, Miami, 
 &c. Tie vulgar names are Gold Herring and Yellow Herring. It appears in the fall. 
 It docs not bite at the book. Plesh pretty good. 
 
 
 A *»!' 
 
 ilfe-.' 
 
 •I 
 
 
 *_ -i u \ 
 
26 
 
 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I, 
 
 species of Raflnesque. The name Olossodon was published by Rafi- 
 nesque for this genus iu September, 1818, within a few days of the publi- 
 cation of Hiodon by Le Sueur. It is not known which has priority 
 but as Le Sueur's paper was first written, and as his name has come 
 into common use, it is probably best to retain it. 
 
 3Ctb species, Summer False Herring, HTODON HETERURUS, Hyodon 
 hetenue. (p. 42.) 
 
 2d subgenus, GLOSSODON. (p. 42.) 
 
 31st species, Summer False Herring, HVODON VERNALIS, Hyodon 
 printanier. (p. 4'J.) 
 
 3d subgenus, CLODALUS. (p. 43.) 
 
 32d species, May False Herring, HTODON CLODALUS, fiyodon de May. 
 (p. 43.) 
 
 33d species. Lake False Herring, HVODO-V TERQISUS, Hyodon lacvstre. 
 (p. 43.) 
 
 XIV. Genus, TROUT SALMO, Truite. (p. 44.) 
 
 34th species, Alleghany Trout, BALMO ALLEGANIENSIS, Truite alle- 
 ganienne. (p. 44.) 
 Salmo fontinalis Mitchill. 
 
 35th species, Black Trout, SALMO NIGIUEISCBNS, Tniite noiratre. (p. 45.) 
 Salmo fontinalis Mitchill. 
 
 • XV. Genus, »j:iNNY, MINNILU3, Minny. (p. 4.').) 
 
 • iJody eluijgated, boniowhat cv^in pressed, covered with siiiaU scales. Vent, medial 
 Hoad Out abovo, and somewhat shrdded. Qill-covur double, scaleless, three bruiiehiul 
 rays. Month diagonal, small, toothless and beardless, without lips, lower juw hborUT 
 and narrower. A small triipezoidal dorsal fln, nearer to the head than to the tiiil, op- 
 posite to the abdominal tins, and without spines. Abdominal tins with eight rjiyH,auil 
 without appendages. (Tail forked in all tho Ohio species.) 
 
 There ai^ iu tho United States more than fifty species of small fresh-wator fisin's 
 (and in tho Ohio waters more than sixteen species), commonly called Miniiifs, Min- 
 nows, IJaitUsh, Chuijs, and Siiiiuirs, which sHwuild belong to tho genus CypriniiH of Liii- 
 uuus, or, rather, to the part of it which has bee:i called Leuciaaia by Klein at.d Ciivicr; 
 which subf^'onus (or genus) is distinguished by a snuiU <lorHal tin, no spines nor bearilN; 
 but as the geuus i'yprinug forms now a large family, and even the genus LrimnciiH iiiu!«t 
 be divi<led, siuco it contains more than one hnnd.-ed uMomalous species, dill'ering in tim 
 ])08ition of tho dorsal tin i.nd the vent, the number of rays to the abdominal tiiis, t&c, 
 I venture to propose this and the three following genera. Three other dillureut ireueru 
 might be istaldished upon tho Europpr.n species, distinguished as follows: 
 
 Dobitla. Dorsal flu nearer to the tail, abdominal Uuh with uiuo rays and an appen- 
 dage; upper jaw longer. 
 
 PhoxiniiH ditfers by ten abdominal rays and no appendage. 
 
 Albuniiui ditl'ers from Dobula by i>o aitpendage aiul the lower Jaw longer. 
 
 Besides my genus Hemiplun (Annals of Nature), which hoM tho vent posterior, the 
 lower Jaw longer, only live rays and an appendage to the abdominal flus. 
 
 All these small fish are permanent; they fetnl on worms, insects, univalve nIicIIh, 
 and spawn ; they bito at a suuill hook, baited with worms or Hies, and they form an 
 cxoellont bait for all the larger flsh which feud npuu them. They are good to eat wbru 
 fried. . , 
 
BBVIEW OF P.AFINESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. 
 
 27 
 
 *36th speoies, SlenderMinnf/', MINNILUS DINEMUS, Minny emeraude. 
 
 NoTOTROPis DiNEMUS (Raf.) Jordan. ,!>-,/;•. 
 
 Alburnellus jaoulua Cope . ■ '' " 
 
 The coloratiou and form are those of Alburnellm jaculus, with which 
 I have ideutifled this description. ^ , ,^< 
 
 t37th species, Spotted Minny, MINNILUS NOTATUS, Minny tache. (p. 47.) 
 
 Hyborhynchds notatus (Raf.) Ag. 
 
 Hyhorhynchua notatus Agassiz. 
 Ilijborhynchua superciliosus Cope. 
 
 Agassiz's identification of his Hyborhynchua with this species is possi- 
 bly correct, although the description is very irrelevant. The common 
 Hyhorhynchus of the Ohio region has small but distinct barbels at the 
 angle of the mouth, and is therefore II. superciliosus of Cope. The latter 
 uauie is probably a synonym of II. notatus. 
 
 t38thspecie3, Little-Mouthed Minny, MINNILUS MICKOSTOMUS, Minny 
 
 mlcroBtome. (p. 47.) 
 
 IJybopsis miceoe*tomus (Raf.) Jordan. 
 
 Hyhopsis lougiccps Cope. 
 
 Illllmpsis microstomvs (Raf.) Jordan. 
 
 Thi.s description agrees very closely with specimens sent me by "\V. M. 
 
 •Di:\tnr(tor onc-eiijhth of total length, silrery, buck oUcaceoun with a brown longitudinal 
 i!ripe III tlio initliUo ; two luteral lines, one HtraiKlit, tDe lower ciirvu«l dowuwiirda and 
 shorter; head yilt and green above. Dorsal iln 1) rays. Anal Jin 12 ra\jn. 
 
 A »maU and glcndci spuoios, common in the Ohio, &.C., and going inflockg; length 2 or 
 3 iiiiluvH. Its head in Itiauliful tvhcn uUve ; it in above of a fine gold color with grevn nhudes, 
 becoming of an emerald-green above the eyes. Iris nilrery ; sidt's opaque, upper lattnil line 
 Koldgreen. Nostrils largo. Pectoral tins witli 12 rays, uot reuuhing the abdominal. 
 All thcjlns nivvry. Tail with 21 ruys. Scales very small. 
 
 tDiiiinoter oiie-sovoutii of total lengtli, silvery; back olivaceous with a largo brown 
 Ktrip't in the middle; head brown above, lat(«ral line straight, a black spot at the 
 bam (if the tail. Uorsal with H, and anal with i) rays. 
 
 Hiiino size with th» pntceding, but not so slender, and less common. Iris golden, 
 noKtrilif vory large, month small, lateral line shining blue on the opatiuo sidi^s. Pecto- 
 ral IliiH with \'i rays, and nut reaching the abdomen. Tail with 14 rays. It is often 
 railid Minny Chub. 
 
 I Diiiineter (>uo-seventh of total length; »ili<ery, olivaceous on the back and head,ii<lei 
 vUhafeiP black dot», lateral lino strai;;ht, pectoral ^na reaching the abdominal finn. Dorsal 
 ami until fint with eight ray*. 
 
 AhiiiuII Mpccit's found In (lie Kentucky River. Month tvry «ma//, nostrils large, iris 
 silvt>ry, (Ins fulvous, the p(>(;toral with V2 and the caudal with v!4 rays, Jlvad tlongattii. 
 
 
 
 • m 
 
 !, i. , , • f -I 
 
28 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 Linney from Salt Biver, Kentucky. Au examination of Professor Cone's 
 types of Eyhopsis longicepa has convinced me of the identity of that 
 species with Baflnesque's. It is perhaps best to unite Eybopsis with 
 Luxilus. The distinctive character of the high scales, so noticeable 
 in L. cornutus, fades by insensible degrees into the ordinary Uybopsis 
 type. 
 
 Under Luxilus the following subgeneric sections are probably ecu- 
 veniently recognizable : 
 
 a. Luxilus: type cornutus. 
 
 b. Alburnops: type blennius. 
 
 c. Hyhopsis: type gracilis. 
 
 d. Hudsonius: type hudsoniua. 
 
 * XVI. Oenus. SHINER. LuzUus, Liudle. (p. 47.) 
 
 ir«/pst7ept« Baird, 1854. 
 
 Hybopsis Ag., 1854. 
 
 Alburnops and Hudsonius Grd., 1856. 
 
 Luxilus Jordan, 187G. . 
 
 || 
 
 let BubgenuB, CHROSOMUS. (p. 47.) 
 
 39th Bpecies, Red-Belly Shiner, LUXILUS ERTTHROOA8TER, Luzile 
 erythrogastre. (p. 47.) 
 
 OnUOSOMUS ERYTHROGASTER Eaf. 
 
 Description characteristic, although slightly erroneous. The colora- 
 tion described is that of C7. orca» Cope, rather than that of the crythro- 
 gaster of AgAmiz. ' ' 
 
 1 2d BubgenuB, LUXILUS. (p. 48.) 
 
 =P/rtr//»/rM« Ginird (neo Baflnesque). 
 
 — Ilypsilcpis Baird and most authors. " - -^ -- 
 
 = Luxilus m. * ' . 
 
 * Difff runce from AlinniluM : Vunt posteriur or nenrer to the tail. MoutJi rntlirr \nrjfv, 
 cointiKiiily with lips uiid ftinul Juwh. KcuIuh ratlu-r largo. Prnopercule withuti iiii);iilar 
 Biitiiro. 
 
 tMuiilli ruthcr large, with small ilut lipijawa c<iua),Boalos largo. 
 
rrnirrrx's 
 
 REVIKW OT* BAFINESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. *^^' "^ 
 
 >j .1 1. 
 
 ■ >,\>'-^: 
 
 
 •40th species, Gold Head Shiner, LTTXILUS OHRTSOCEPHALUS, Luzile 
 chryaocephale. (p. 48.) 
 
 ,. tLuxiLTTS COENUTUS (Mitch.) Jor. 
 
 Cjprinus cornutus Mitchill. 
 
 Eypf^ilcpis cornutus (Mitch.) Storer and authors. 
 
 Plargi/rus typicus, cornutuH, frontalis, etc., Girard. '"■< - 
 
 Description fair, excepting that the pectorals scarcely reach the ven- 
 trals, and older specimens are less elongated. The cornutus is very 
 abundant throughout the Ohio Valley, where it is overy where known as 
 the Shiner, a name rarely applied to any other fish. Raflnesque's 
 description is very correct as regards its average appearance in the 
 West when not tuberculate or flushed with red. His account has, how- 
 ever, been carelessly referred to Cyprinus chrysoleucua of Mitchill, solely 
 on account of the similarity of the names, although Bafinesque correctly 
 iudicatea the chief points of diTFerence. As chrysocephalus is evidently 
 intended as the type of Luxilus, the latter is synonymous with Eypsilepis, 
 and we have no alternative but to restore the older name in place of the 
 latter and more scientific appellation. ev - >■ ' . . . 
 
 t4lBt species, Kentuckian Shiner, LUXILIJS KBNTUCKIENSIS, Luzlle 
 
 du Kentucky, (p. 48.) 
 
 ? 1 LuxiLUS CORNUTUS (Mit.) Jor. 
 
 Not Lnxilus lentucliensis Kirtland. 
 Tills species is not yet satiafiictorily identified. It is certr.inly not 
 
 * Diuinnter one-lifth of total length, Hilvery with goldeu shades on the sides, hecUlgilt, 
 back and nape dark olitiaceoug; lateral line cuned downwardt, pectoral lius ruachiug the 
 iibdomiiiiil. Dorml and anal jinn with nine rayn, 
 
 Viilj{Hr naino.t. Gold Chub, Shiner, (Joldli^rtd, &c, Lenf^th 6 inchos. It is found ia 
 KeiitiK ky, Ohio, Cumberland, (Ireen Kiver, &c. Irin ynldtn, Finn fulvous, the prclortil 
 ({oldtMi, lai'Ke, witli 14 rays; tail with '24. It reitemhlrs ihecommon tihineror Hutlcrfmh of 
 IViiiiNylvania, Cuprinns ohnjnoleuvon Mitcliil), but that tlsh is a llHtilm,\\^,\v\n\^ nine 
 HUloiiiiiial rays; its body is beNi<les sliorter and Ike anal fin ia falcated with Kirayn. 
 
 tAilditional evidence of tlieoorrcctneesof thisidentitication is found in a MSS. paper 
 oil tlie Fishes of Pennsylvania, by Katlnesipie, now in the possession of rrofessor Haird. 
 Ill tliJK pnper the species in <piestiou is described under the nanus o( Luxi'.ut cornutiti 
 (Mit.)Uiif. 
 
 tDliiineter one-seven Mi of total length, silvery, back olivaceous, lateral line curved 
 downwards, dorml mid oaudal finii red, the pectoral yellow, not reaching the abdomen. 
 Ihrnal H and anal 7 rays. 
 
 V'iii|{ar names: India* Chub, Red-tail, Shiner, &o. Length about 4 inches. It is 
 rtH'<u)ii<Hl an excellent bait for anglers, becniim^ it will swim a long while with the hook 
 III itNbody. Eyes small, iris brown with agold ring. Yellowish- brown above the heud, 
 AlHliiiniual and anal tins white. I'ectoral aid abdomiual flns oboval, with li rays. 
 Tall with <24 rayi. ,. . _ 
 
 I 
 
 #1 
 
 
 ..,;'t.- 
 
30 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICfiTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 the Silver- Fin, Luxilua kentucJciensis Kirtland, as has been shown by 
 Professor Cope. 
 
 • 42d species, Yellow Shiner, LUXILUS INTERRUPTUS, Luxile jaunatre, 
 (p. 49.) 
 
 Not identified. >, ..>».^ t4^v.t..r ,^-vh >;j. v 
 
 The description contains little that is suggestive, and it might apply 
 
 to almost any of the small silvery species. vi : ;/ 
 
 XVn. GtenuB, CHUBB7, SEMOTILnS, SemotUe. (p. 49.) ^ 
 
 := Semotilus Ra,t. lii. : . *. I 
 
 43d species, Bigback Chubby, 8EM0TILUS DORB ' MS. 8 motUe dorsal 
 (p. 49.) 
 
 Semotilus corpoealis (Mitchill) Putnam. 
 
 44th species, Blghead Chubby, SSMOTILUS CEPHALUS, Semotile 
 cephale. (p. 49.) 
 
 Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill) Putnam. 
 
 t45th species, "Warty Chubby, SEMOTXIiUS DXPLEMITTS, Semotile ver- 
 ruqueiUE. (p. 50.) 
 
 Lythrurus dipl^mius (Raf.) Jor. „ ,. 
 
 Not Leuciscu8 diplamius Kirtland (=f Lux. cornutua var.). 
 Sypsilepis diplcBmia Cope. 
 
 This can hardly be the Lythrurus diplamius, as that species has a 
 long anal fin, and the male fish has, instead of " some black warts on the 
 head ", the whole upper surface of the head and neck studded with 
 minute whitish tubercles. Moreover, the dorsal spot is not "round", 
 and there is no caudal spot. Still, as I can at present suggest no bet- 
 ter identification, I allow that made by Professor Cope to stand. 
 
 * Duimwler one-sixth of total length ; yellowiGh-olivaceons above, silvery beiieaili, 
 rnfous brown above the head, » rufouH line from the dorsal to the tail, two Btrait;ht and 
 separated half lateral linoH, the antTior one above the posterior ; pectoral Run reuob- 
 ing the abdominal. Dorsal with IG and anal with 9 rays. 
 
 A Huiall species, only ',i inches long, called Yellow Chub or Shiner. Seen in the Oliin. 
 Sides opaline, with violet, shades. Iris silvery, mouth large, lips very apparent. Fins 
 yellowisii, pectorals with 16 rays, caudals with 24. 
 
 t Diameter one-sixth of total length ; olivace"'s brown with gold shades above, sil- 
 very beneatli ; lateral Hue double, the anterior and lower curved upwards at the biise, 
 reaching to the abdominal fins, the posterior nnd upper straight from the pectoral (inn 
 to the tail ; tins r(>d, a spot at the base of the dorsal and caudal, and many dots over 
 them. Dorsals with nine rays; the anal with eight. 
 
 Lengtii from 3 to 4 inches, often ralle«l Minny or Red-Fin. Observed in the Ken- 
 tucky Ui'er near Estill. The male flsh has a larger mouth than the female and some 
 hiaok warts on the head. Fulvous brown on the head. Iris large, golden and white, 
 Some black dots on the dorsal and caudal fins ; the caudal spot is on tail and the dor- 
 Bill at the anterior base ; they are small and round. The pectoral tins do not reach tiie 
 alxlominal fins; they have 18 rays; the tail haa 24. 
 
EEVIEW OP RAFI^ESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. 
 
 31 
 
 li' ts'ffOfi» 
 
 (p. 50) 
 
 * XVm. Genus, FALLFISH, RutUus, RntUe. 
 = Leugisous Klein. 
 
 HGth species, SUverside Fallfish, RUTILnS PLARGTRUS, Ruti!o plar- 
 
 gyre. (p. 50.) 
 
 LuxiLUS COBNUTUS (probably). 
 
 Baflnesque's account applies about equally well to Luxilus comutus 
 and Cyprinella analostana Grd. I prefer to foUov Dr. Kirtland and 
 writers generally in identifying it with the preceding species. The name 
 Plargyrus is not available for any of our genera of Cyprinidce. As Cypri- 
 nus t Htilu8 L. is stated to be the type of Butilus Baf., it is the type of 
 that genus, and the provisional namo Plargyrus is unnecessary. 
 
 \ 47th species, Baiting Fallfiish, RUnLUS COMPRBSSXTB^ Rutlle appat 
 
 (p. 51.) ■'■ : • , 
 
 Not yet satisfactorily identified. It is probably not Leuciscus com- 
 pressus of Kirtland. It may have been based in part on Nototropis 
 rvbrifrons (Cope.) 
 
 ( 48th species, Round-Nose Fallfish, RUTILUS AMBLOPS, Rutile amblopse 
 (p. 5i.) 
 
 NocoMis AMBLOPS (Raf.) Cope & Jordan. 
 Ceratichthys hyalinm Jordan, Map. Vert, (aot of dope). ^ 
 
 r 
 
 Description rather indefinite. AsGirard has identified itwith a species 
 of Ceratichthys, I refer it to a member of that genus common at the 
 
 * DifTerence from Minnilus : Vent posterior, nearer to tbo tail. Abdominal lins ivith 
 nine rays. Mouth large and with lips. Scales large. 
 
 I cull this genus Jiutilua, in the supposition that the Cyprinut rutilus may be the 
 tyi)e of it; if it should be otherwise, it may bo called Plargyrus. 
 
 t Diameter one-fifth of total length; silvery, back with the dorsal, pectoral, and 
 candal fins olivaceous ; lateral line curved downwards; snout truncate; month almost 
 vertical. Dorsal and anal fins with rays. 
 
 Length from 4 to 6 inches ; vulgar names :— Silverside, Shiner, White Chub, &c. 
 Comiuon in the streams of Kentuolcy. Month large, upper Jaw almoat vertical, yet 
 long(>r than the lower. Iris white. Peotornl flus with 14 rays, reaching almost the 
 abdominals, which are oboval and white. Tail forked as usual with 24 rays. Scales 
 large. 
 
 I Diameter one-seventh of total length ; silvery, back fulvous, aides compressed, 
 lateral line straight, raiseil upwards at the base, anout rounded, mouth hardly diag' 
 o»al, nearly horizontal. Dorsal and anal fins with 9 rays. 
 
 A Hniall tlsh from 2 to 4 inches long, called Fall-flsh, Bait-fish, Minny, &.o. It is 
 fuuiul ill the Alleghany Mountains, in the waters of the Monongahela, Kenhaway, and 
 even in the Potomac. The name of Fall -fish arises from its bring often found near 
 fallH and ripples. Body more compressed than in the other species; as much so as in 
 tlm^'nnus iiinnilui. Scales large ; lips a little fl'why ; iris silvery-gilt ; fins transpar- 
 ent ; the pectoral with 14 rays, and not reaching the abdominal ; tail with 38 rays. 
 
 iUiamoter one-sixth of total length; sit very, head fulvoas above, snout round; 
 
 ■■'''• ' ♦! 
 
 ' " km 
 
 r^% . 
 
 
 
 »: 
 
 m 
 
 LjI 
 
 
32 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 ' !i 
 
 
 [1 
 
 lb 
 
 Falls of the Ohio, which, if distinct from C. hyalinus Cope, as Professor 
 Cope thinks, seems not to have received any other name. 
 
 49th species, Blaok-tail Fallfisb, RUTILTTS MELANURUS, Rutile mela- 
 nure. (p. 51.) ^ . .. , , v .. 
 
 «#^#«»Ks/?>- ' Myxostoma duquesnii (Le S.) Jor. (young). 
 
 Descriptioa incorrect and insufficient. The "15 dorsal rays" indi- 
 cate?' a Slicker, and the coloration is that of a young "Red- Horse". 
 
 *50th species, Anomal Fallfisb, RUTILTTS ANOMAZiVS, Rutile aaomaL 
 (p. 52.) , , 
 
 ICampostoma anomalum (Eaf.) Ag. 
 
 This description Is perhaps intended for Campostoma, but it is very 
 imperfect, if not erroneous. 
 
 tSlst species, Red Minny, RUTILnS ? RUBER, Rutile rouge, (p. 52.) 
 
 , Lythkurus species. . 
 
 Probably the male fish of one of the species of Lythrurui is intended 
 rather than a Chroaomusj as supposed by Professor Agassiz. Lythrurus 
 ardens is abundant in the upper waters of the Cumberland. Few fishes 
 in our waters are of so " fine a purple red". 
 
 XIX. GemiB, FAT-HEAD, PIMEPHALES, Pimepbale. (p. 52.) 
 
 92d species, Blackheaded Fat-bead, PIMEPHALES PROMELAS, Pime- 
 pbale tete-noire. (p. 5.*).) 
 
 PIMEPHALES PROMELAS Raf. 
 
 Description fair. This species is very abundant in small streams 
 about the Fall"^ of the Ohio. 
 
 sides with an opaque band, lateral line Btraigbt; pectoral Una witb 12 rays, ami 
 reaching the abdominal fins. Dorsal and anal flim with 10 rays. 
 
 Length 1 or 2 inches. Vulgar name: White Chub, or Fall- ilsh. It is found at ibe 
 falls of the Ohio. Back slightly fulvescent, snout large and rounded, mouth hanlly 
 diagonal, eyes large, iris silvery, and scales large. Tail with 30 rays. 
 
 • Diameter one-fifth of total length, fulvous above, sides dnsky, white beneath, 
 anoat rounded, a vertical brown line behind the gills; lateral line straight, raided up- 
 wards at the base; pectoral fins yellow, oboval, short, with 15 rays; tail unequally 
 bilobed, the upper lobe larger. Dorsal and anal fins red ; doraal 8 and anal 7 rayM. 
 
 An anomalous fish, differing from all those of theCyprinian tribe (n the Ohio, by its 
 unequal bilobed tail, which is bro\.uiHh, and has 22 rays. Mouth diagonal. Eyes 
 small ; iris olivaceous gilt. Nape of the neck red, scales rather smnll. Length L' iocht's. 
 Found in Licking River, &o. Vulgar uames : Chub, Redfisb, Fallfisb, &.c. 
 
 t Entirely rod ; tail forked. ' 
 
 I add here a line small fixh, which I have never seen as yet, but it is said to live in 
 the small streams which fall into the Elkhorn and Kentucky. I^ is a slender fish, only 
 2 inches lung, oompresseti, and of a flue purple red. It may belong to this genus, or 
 to auy other of this tribe. It la oommonly called Rod-minny. 
 
BEVIEW OP HAFiNESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. 
 
 33 
 
 XX. Oenus, SUCKER, C ^TOSTOMUS, Catostome. (p. 53.) 
 1;,=^ • Ist subgenus, MOXOSTOMA. (p. 54.) 
 
 Ujjxostoma Jor. 
 (Not Moxostoma of Agassiz anU authors = Erimyzon m.) **«*i»tirs 
 
 1 53d species, Ohio Carp-Sucker, CATOSTOMUS ANISURUS, Catostome 
 anisure. (p. 54.) 
 
 Myxostoma anisura (Raf.) Jordan. 
 
 (Not Moxostoma anisurus AgsiBa\z= Erimyzon oblongus (Mit.) Jordan.) 
 
 Catostomus anisurus KiTilaud. • ,,.; .,i. - 
 
 rtychostomus collapsua Cope. 
 
 This species, described by Rafinesqae, and described and figured by 
 Dr. Kirtland, is said to possess a lateral line, and to have red fins. 
 Furthermore, it is known as " Carp", and reaches a length of 1 to 3 feet. 
 It is evidently not a Moxostoma as that genus is defined by Agassi:;, but 
 ii rtychostomus. Moxostoma becomes, therefore, a synonym of Ftijchos- 
 tomns, and having priority must supersede it. In accordance with the 
 etymology of the word, I have changed the first vowel o to y. 
 
 54th species, Buffalo Carp-Sucker. CATOSTOMUS ANISOPTERUS, Ca- 
 tostome anisopture. ^p. 54.) 
 
 fCarpiodes vcli/er (Raf.) Ag. 
 
 An insufficient description of some Carpicdcs "from a drawing by Mr. 
 Audubon". Raflnesque remarks: "The C tuberculaius of Le Sueur 
 belongs also to this subgenus, having 8 abdominal rays, but its tail ia 
 regularly bifid". 
 
 2d subgenus, ICTIOBUS. (p. 55.) 
 = Ichthyobus Ardf'siz. 
 
 " The C. gibhosus and C. communis of Le Suenr appear to be intermedi- 
 
 'lluii'y obluu^, utiuipri'bsed ; Lead c«iui)>ri'88e(l,ei(rbt ubdomiuul ruy8, dursal iiu cuui- 
 inuiily longitudinal; tail couiiiionly unequally forked. 
 
 tDiiiiueter oue-tifth of the kiigtb ; ailveri/, slightly fulvcscent above, fins nd, tlio dor- 
 «al ulivueeous, falcated with 17 rays, nearer to tho head and reaching tbe vent ; lateral 
 line cinrcd vpvardH and Jltzuoseal ihehase; enuutgibboBo; tail forked, upper pat t longer. 
 Anal lin falcate with H rays. 
 
 A large species common all over the Ohio and tbelargestreamB,a8far as Pitksbnrgb. 
 Perniunent and sometimes taken in winter. It Is called Carp everywhere. Length 
 I'rom one to three feet. It is taken with tbe hook, seine and dart. Its llcsh is pretty 
 ({oud, but soft. The mule fish has a red tail; while it is olivaceous iu the female. 
 >SnuNt divided from the head by a transverse hollow which stakes it gibbose. Eyes black, iris 
 nilvery and gulden above. Sides often with copper shades. Scales large with concen- 
 tric Ntria. Pectoral fina large, oval acnte, with 15 rays, and reaching tbe ubdoniinal fins. 
 Ciiudul with 24 rays. 
 Bull. 9—3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 : „ km 
 
 'J ' 
 
 ■ 4 ' 
 
 't-i, ^,- 
 
 
34 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NOBTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 I 
 
 \0 
 
 ato between this sabgenns and the foregoing, having 9 abdominal rajs, 
 but an unequally bilobed tail." — (Eaf.) ., ;.,;,, ^._.,„ ^ ,,.,, ..: 
 
 55th species, Brown Buffalo-Fish, CATOSTOMUS BX7BALVS, Catostome 
 bubale. (p. 55.) 
 
 ICHTHYOBUS BUBALUS (Raf.) Ag. „ >>^. ^-,,_ j, , j 
 
 Description passable. .. . .»? 
 
 * 56th species, Black Buffalo-Fish, CATOSTOMUS NIGER, Catoatome noir. 
 (p-56.) ,, .^ 
 
 T BUBALICHTnYS NIGER (Raf.) Ag. 
 
 Description insuflficient. 
 
 . 3d subgenus, CARPIODES. (p. 56.) 
 Carptodes Agassiz and authors. .. -■ J 
 
 "The C. cyprinua and G. setoaua of Le Sueur belong to this subgenus "— 
 
 (Raf.) ■ . , .• if ...;,■.., V:. x,:'w " s ;..■,.... ,:...• ...x'- .x&5i,r .,., . S 
 
 t57th species, Olive Carp-Suoker, CATOSTOMUS CARFIO, Catostome 
 
 carpe. (p. 56. ) - « \ i 
 
 ' =' CARPIODES OAKPIO Raf. ^is > v iv 
 
 Garpiodea nummifer Go^e. ^ ^ u 
 
 This description apparently refers to the species lately called C. mm 
 mffer by Professor Cope. I therefore adopt Raflnesque's specific name. 
 
 - 58th species, Sailing-Sucker, CATOSTOMUS VELIFER, Catostome volant. 
 (p. 56.) 
 
 CAWPTOnmS TTRT-TTTEU (llitfA Acr. 
 
 4> .) 
 t 
 
 :VJJ 
 
 CARPIODES VELIFER (Raf.) Ag. 
 
 A fair description. 
 
 t--vC? ';•»> 
 
 10! « 
 
 1 59th species, Mud-Sucker, CATOSTOMUS XANTHOPUS, Cavostome 
 zauthope. (p. 57.) 
 
 HYPENTELIUM NIGRICANS (Le S.) Jor. • -■' 
 
 It is possible that this description was intended for the Cat. nigricans 
 LeS., but the latter is certainly not a "luud-flsh", as Professor Agassiz 
 
 * Entirely black, lateral line straight. 
 
 I huve nut seen this flsh. Mr. Audubon describes it as a peculiar species, found in 
 the Mississippi and the lower part of the Ohio, being entirrly similar to the coininuu 
 Bnffalo-fisb, but larger, weighing souietimes upwards of ^^0 ponuds, and living iu Bep- 
 unite shoulH. 
 
 t Diameter ono-fourth of the length; olivaceons above, pale beneath, chin white, 
 abdomen bluish ; lateral lino straight, dorsal tin somewhat falcated with 36 rays, and 
 trapezoidal with 10 rays; head sloping, Huout rounded. 
 
 Seen at the falls of the Ohio ; commonly called Carp. Length from one to two 
 feet. Eyes very small and black ; tins olivaceous brown, the pectorals olivaceous, tra- 
 ptzodinl, short, and with 16 rays. Tail with 24. Dorsal flu beginning before tlio ab- 
 domiu:il and reaching the end of the anal flu. Not so good to eat as the Buffalo tlHli. 
 
 t Diameter ouu-fuurt>h of theleugth; lateral liuo straight; silvery, back olivact-ouis 
 
I EEVIEW OP RAFINESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. '"^"^'^ ^ 
 
 seemed to suppose. Of all the Suckers, it is the most readily affected 
 
 by impure water, and it is usually to be found only in cl^ar, running 
 
 streams. ^jqs ..u<i<r. 
 
 " 4th subgenus TERETULUS. (p. 57.) 
 
 Of the species assigned to this subgenus, three belong apparently to 
 Myrostoma, three to Catostomus proper, two to Hypentelium, Ave to 
 Erimyzon, one is a Cyprinoid, and the last a myth. 
 
 As the name Teretulua has been restricted to the genus typified by 
 Catostomus aureolua Le S., it is best to consider . it as a synonym of 
 Jllyxostoma. 
 
 teoth species, Black-face Sucker, CATOSTOMUS M£LAlTOPSi CatostooM 
 
 melanopse. (p. 57.) •" ^ , . 'ftO 
 
 5\ 
 
 h r^Av^^.i.^ : , Eeimyzon sucetta (Lac.) Jor. 
 
 f Cyprinus mcetta Lac. ' " ' ' ' • *' 
 
 Catostomus melanops Kirtland. 
 
 rtychostomus melanops Agassiz and authors. 
 
 Erimyzon melanops {Ra(.) Jordan. . i.^-«nC> 
 
 Description poor but unmistakable. This fish has the air-bladder in 
 two parts, and the lateral line is obsolete, as stated by Kirtland. It is 
 
 liuad lirown above, snout gibbotte rouuded ; dorsal fiu hardly falcate with 14 rays, auul 
 aiiceoiiito with 8 rays ; lower fins yellowish. , 
 
 Found below the falls. Length from 6 to 10 inches. It lives in muddy banks ana 
 coQceals itself in the mud. Flesh very soft. Head large, flattened above, mouth large, 
 uyes largo. Iris silvery. Lateral line hardly raised at tho base. Dv/fsal fin above the 
 abdominal, fins olivaceous as well as the tail, which has 20 rays. Pectorals with 18 
 riij's. Scales large. 
 
 ' ISudy elongate cylindrical or somewhat quadrangular, 9 abdominal rays, dorsal fins 
 I'omnionly small, tail equally forked. 
 
 Au extensive subgenus, to which belong all the following species of Le Suenr: C. 
 aureolus, C. macrolepidolua, C. longiroslrum, C. vujricam, C. vittatus, C. macttlosua, C. ««- 
 cttla, besides the C. teres and C. oblongm of Mitchill. 
 
 t Diameter one-seventh of the length ; head squared, blackish above, snoot convex 
 obtuse; back olivaceous, sides whitish tcith scattered black dots, a black spot ou tho gill 
 cover, and a large ouu between tho dorsal and caudal fins; lateral line straight, dorsal 
 tin with 14 rays, anal with 9 rays. 
 
 A Hin^'ular species seen at the falls. It is rare, and called Spotted Sucker or Blaok 
 Sucker. Length from 4 to inches; body cylindrical, flattened beneath as far us the 
 vent. Head flat above, blackish there and in the fore part. Mouth almost terminal 
 with thick whitish lips, the lower one shorter and thicker, a few snmll black spots ou 
 thu sides of the head, and a largo one ou the preopercule. Qill cover silvery. Eyes 
 black, iris brown with a gold ring. Uack of a rufeacent color with gold shades. A 
 very large black patch above the anal fin before ""^ tail. Sides palexcith small unequai 
 block dots, belly v. hitish. Fins coppery, the pectoral elliptical elongated with lU rays, 
 ihu aual elongated reaching the tail, tho dorsal broad and opposed to the abdominaL 
 Tail with 20 rays. Scales rather large ncrvose radiated. 
 
 W r '• ',''1 
 
 , ' ' -' 
 
36 COSTEIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICnTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 L 
 
 therefore an Erimyzon and not a '^'•Ptychostomns". Botb E. ohlon'gus 
 and E. melanopa abound in the lakes as well as in the Ohio. They are 
 much more tenacious of life than the other Suckers. The description of 
 Cyprinus sucetta Lac^p^de {Caiostomus suceti O. & V.) seems to refer to 
 this species. I therefore have adopted the prior name sucetta iu prefer- 
 ence to that of melanops. 
 
 ^ The " lateral line " alluded to by Ea&nesqne here, as in numerous 
 other instances, is merely a lateral streak along the rows of scales, either 
 due to longitudinal furrows or else to peculiarities of coloration. ■ "'■' 
 
 "Gist species, Black-back Sncker, CATOSTOMUS MELANOTUS, Ca- 
 tostome melanote. (p. 58.) 
 gidlr 
 
 ■■•■ft>" 
 
 abxmy 
 
 ? Campostoma anomalum (Raf.) Ag. 
 
 <fi 
 
 The "nine dorsal rays" indicates a Cyprinoid, and the only species 
 found at the Falls of the Ohio which at all answers this descrii)tion me 
 the Nocomis biguttatus and Campostoma anomalum^ It is best to iden- 
 tify it with the latter, and thus to avoid a change of names. <: 'eO 
 
 I62d species, Rough- head Sucker, CATOSTOMUS FA3CIOLARIS, Ca- 
 tostome fascie. (p. 58.) 
 
 .Stab w Erimyzon oblokgus (Mitch.) Jor. » -'^ a 
 
 Moxostoma oblongum {Mitch.) As^. -^sji'fK. 
 
 Description indifferent, "from a drawing by Mr. Audubon". The 
 tuberculated snout indicates a spring male of oblongus, rather than hi- 
 gricans, to which Professor Agassiz refers Ilafinesque's description. 
 
 • Diameter one-sixth of the length ; bluish black above, whitish beneath ; head cou- 
 Tex, snout obtuse ; lateral line straigV.t; dorsal and anal (ins with nine rays. 
 
 Seen only once at the falls. Length 6 inches, body nearly cylindrical. Jlonfh 
 rather inferior, lips thick and scniewhat gristly. Iris silvery. Scales pretty lai^o 
 Fins whitish, the dorsal and caudal a little reddish. Pectoral fins elliptical with 1(> 
 rays. Tail 20. Dorsal fin trapezoidal, opposed to the ahdoniinul, the iirst ray shorter. 
 Anal elliptical obtuse Vulgar names, Black Sncker and Blue Sucker. 
 
 tDiameter one-sixth of the length; brown above, white beneath, sides witli small 
 transversal black lines; head sloping, tuberculated above, snout obtuse; dorsal iiu 
 longitudinal reaching the end of the anal tin, lateral line straight. 
 
 I have not seen this upecies, but describe it from a drawing of Mr. Andubon. It is 
 found ir tho lower part of the Ohio. Vulgarnames: Rough-head Sucker, Pike-Suiker, 
 Striped Sucker. Length about eight inches, body cylindrical tapering beiiiud. Eyes 
 small, mouth beneath. Lower .Ins trapezoidal, about twenty transversal lines. A 
 doubtful species, perhaps an Hijdrargyrut, but the mouth is like that of the Sucker. 
 
BEVIEW OP RAFINESQUE ON AMERICAN PISHES. 
 
 37 
 
 
 '63d species, Red-tail Sucker, CATOSTOMUS ERTTURURXJS, Catos- 
 tome rougequeue. (p. 59.) oar> 
 
 Myxostoma duquesnii (Le S.) Jor. ,,.,jj 
 
 ? Cato3tomus duquesnei Le Sueur. ,^ 
 
 Pti/chostomm erythrurus (Eaf.) Cope. 
 PtijchostomuH duquesnei (Le S.) Ag. 
 
 Descriptiou uot very good. The coinmon " Red-Horse" of the Ohio 
 is certainly Le Sueur's duquesnei. Professor Cope recognizes Eatines- 
 qiie's species as distinct, but I have not yet been able to separate it. 
 
 t64th species, Kentucky Sucker, CATOSTOMUS FLEXUOSUS, Catos- 
 tome flezueuz. (p. 59.) .^...v 
 
 CATOSTOMUS TERES (Mitch.) Le S. 
 
 Description fair. Professor Agassiz is certainly wrong in referring this 
 
 species to the Cat. nigricans of Le Sueur. The description accords 
 
 better with Cat teres, and the statements with regard to the habits 
 
 and common name point very strongly to this species, which is still 
 
 known everywhere in Kentucky as the "Sucker". 
 
 t65th species, Big-mouth Sucker, CATOSTOMTTS ? MEOASTOMUS 
 Catostome megeistome. (p. 59.) 
 A myth. 
 
 'Diameter one-flftU of the length : rufous hrowu above, white beneath: tail oliva- 
 ceous: head couvex, snout rounded : lateral line straight: dorsal fin trapezoidal, red- 
 dish with 12 rays: anal flu elongated, yellow, anal falcated, with 7 rays. 
 
 A iine species, not uncommon in the Ohio, Kentucky, Cumberland, Tennessee, «fec. 
 Vulgar names: Red-horse, Red-tail, Horse-fish, Horse-Suckers, &c. Length about 
 (me foot. Scales very large. Month beneath. Iris whitish, eyes black. Pectoral fins 
 yellow, elliptical, reaching the abdominals, and with 16 rays. Tail large with 20 rays. 
 Its flesh is dry and not very good to eat. 
 
 t Diameter oue-fifth of the length ; silvery, hack brownish, scales rather rough, oper- 
 culo flexnoso; head stjuared, snout gibbose truncate; lips very thick, the inferior 
 liilcibed ; lateral line flexnoso ; tail brown ; dorsal fin blackish with 12 rays, anal fin 
 whitish with 7 rays aud reaching the t .il. 
 
 The most common species, in Kentucky, in all the streams and ponds, called merely Sucker. 
 Very good to eat. It conceals itself in the mud in winter. It bites at the hook, liv- 
 ing on minnies and little lobsters. Body thick cylindrical. From 10 to 12 inches 
 li)iig. Head large, a deep depression between the snout and the head, mouth large 
 with fleshy IJps. Eyes large, black, iris yellow. Opercule hard bony. Lower flus 
 w bitish, pectorals elongated elliptical with 20 rays. Tail 20 rays. Dorsal trapezoidal, 
 sloping behind. This fish is the most useful to keep in ponds. 
 
 { Diameter one-fifth of the length ; blackish above, yellowish beneath, very broad ; 
 a spine at the base of the pectoral fins ; lateral line straight. 
 
 A very doubtful species seen by Mr. Audubon. It comes sometimes in shoals in March, 
 and soon disappears. Only taken with the seine, not biting at the hook ; vulgar name, 
 lirown Sucker. The mouth is very remarkable, being broader than the head, somewhat 
 projecting on the sides ; length one foot. The head resembles that of a Cat-fish, but 
 has no barbs. Is it a peculiar genus owing to the mouth aud pectoral spine f It might 
 be called Eurystomus. The yellow color covers the forehead and reaches to the anal Co. 
 Dorsal opposed to the abdominal and tra[>ezoida1. pectorals elliptical, yellow. 
 
 I 
 
 ''if 
 
 • J'.fi 
 
 i; 
 
 i-a. 
 
 1 
 
 
 mii. 
 
 
 W 
 
 
 w' 
 
 '^ 
 
 Mr _ 
 
 
 %!• , 
 
 
 H^i 
 
 1^.-, 
 
 1 
 
 
 * t 
 
 
38 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — ^I. 
 
 * 5th »ubgenu8, DBCACTTLUS. (p'. 60.) .j^. 
 
 Ceth species, Pittsburgh Sucker, CAT03T0MUS DUQUESNI, Catoatoi^e 
 duquesne. (p. 60.) 
 
 .•7iY3i^ oi)oit«' 
 
 Myxostoma duquesnii (Le 8.) Jor. 
 
 ■ifif 
 
 67th species, Long Sucker, CATOSTOMTTS ELONOATX7S, Catostome 
 •longe. (p. 60.) 
 i . Cyolkptus elongatus (Le S.) Ag. 
 
 yp . 
 
 XXI. Genus, SUCKREL, CTCLEPTUS, Cyclepte. (p. Gl.) 
 
 68th species. Black Suckrel, CTCLBPTXTS NIGRESCENS, Cyclepte 
 noiratre. (p. 61.) 
 
 Cycleptus elongatus (Lo S.) Ag. 
 
 y (;,■ ■ 
 
 ; A very poor description, "on the authority of Mr. Bollman, of Pitts- 
 burgh". 
 
 tXXII. OrenuB, CATFISH. PIMELODUS, Pimelode. (p. 61.) 
 
 Subgenus, ICTALURUS. (p. 61.) 
 
 lb^ section. ELLIOPS. (p. 62.) 
 
 Tail forked. Eyes elUptical. Abdominal fins with less than nine 
 rays. 
 
 69th species. Spotted Catfish, PIMELODUS MACULATX7S, Pimelode 
 taobete. (p. 62.) 
 
 ICHTHJELUEUS PUNCTATUS (Eaf.) Jor. 
 
 Siluru8 punctatus Eaf., 1818. 
 
 70th specie.?, Slue Catfish, PIMELODUS CERULE3CEN3, Pimelode 
 bleuatre. (p. t^3) 
 
 lOHTH^LURUS PUNCTATUS (Raf.) Jof. 
 
 • Body nearly cylindrical, abdominal fins with 10 ray8 ; ta'l equally forked. 
 ' Besides the two following species, the C. boatoniensia and C. hitdaoniiia must be enu- 
 merated hero. 
 
 t Body BcalelesB, elongated. Head large, with barbs. Two dorsal fins, the second 
 adipose and separated from the tail, the first short and commoaly armed. Pectoral (ins 
 oommonly armed. Teeth like a file. Vent commonly posterior. 
 
 The extensive genus Silurm of Linnieus, which is scattered throughout the rivers of 
 both continents, has not yet been completely illustrated, notwithstanding the Liborn of 
 the modern ichthyologists. I have found in the Ohio about twelve species belonging 
 to it, most of which offer consimilar character, and appear to belong to the genus Pt- 
 melodua of Lac^pMe and Cuvier, which have left the name of Silunia to the species 
 having one dorsal fin. I have already published a monography of them in the Journ.il 
 of the Royal Institution of London, under the generic name of Silurns. I now pro- 
 pose to form with them a peculiar aiibgenna, divided in many sections, and different 
 from the Bubgeuora Bagrua, Sgnodontua, Siluaox, &e. 
 
 l\ 
 
BEVIEW OF RAFINESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. 
 
 39 
 
 71st species, White Catfish, PIMBLODUS PALLIDUS, Pimclode pala. 
 (p.(J3.) 
 
 ICHTH^LUBUS PUNCTATUS (Raf.) JoF. " 
 
 ■if. 
 
 72d species, Silvery Catfish, PIMELODUS ARGTRUS, Pimelodo argyre. 
 (p. 64.) 
 
 ICHTH-ELUEUS PUNCTATUS (Raf.) Jor. 
 
 2d section, LEPTOPS. (p. 64.) 
 Tail bilobed. Eyes round and small. Nine abdominal rays. Vent 
 posterior. Adipose, fin large. 
 
 73d species, Clammy Catfish, PIMELODUS VISCOSUS, Pimelode vis- 
 queoz. (p. 64.) 
 
 PELODicnxHYS OLivARis (Raf.) Gill & Jor. 
 
 Jaws nearly equal, barbs very short, eyes round, over the head. Body 
 entirely brown, lateral line raised upwards before. Pectoral fins with 
 1 and 7 rays, anal fin rounded with 15 rays. Tail unequally bilobed and 
 black, upper lobo smaller and white. 
 
 75th species. Clouded Catfish, PIMELODUS NEBUL03U3, Pimelode neba- 
 
 leuz. (p. 64.) 
 
 Pelodichthys OLIVARIS (Raf.) Gill & Jor. 
 
 This species is made to form a "peculiar section or even subgenus", 
 termed Opladelua. 
 
 2d sectioii,.AMEIURUS. (p. 65.) ,, 
 
 Tail entire. Eyes round. Eight abdominal rays. Vent posterior. 
 Dorsal fin anterior with a spine. Lower jaw not longer. Pectoral fins 
 with one simple spine and seven rays. 
 
 75th species, Tellow Catfish, PIMELODUS CUPREUS, Pimelode cuivre. 
 
 (p. 65.) 
 
 Amiubus lividus CUPREUS (Raf.) Jor. 
 
 *76th species, Brown Catfish, PIMELODUS LIVIDUS, Pimelode livide. 
 
 (p. 05.) 
 
 Amiurus LIVIDUS (Raf.) Jor. 
 Amhirus catuH (Grd.) Gill. (Not Silurus catus L.) 
 
 *Jaws equal, barbs uearly equal tOKuiher r.iid as loujj as the licad. E.vos roiiud. 
 Body entirely of a livid-brown color. Tail rounded eniirc. Lateral lino raiued ui»- 
 wards at tb« baso. Anal fin elongate with 2rj rays. 
 Silurus Uddus, Monogr. sp. 7. 
 
 A small species, entirely of a leaden brown. Iload short, slightly olivaceons ; throat 
 pale. Darba equal, the upper ones livid, the lower ones rufous. A furrow on the hi-ad 
 which is convex above. Operculum flexuose. Tail with 24 rays. Dorsal with 1 auil 
 
 7. Spines short. J 
 
 ..aiTTT 
 
 i! 
 
 
40 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 4 * 77th species, Black Catfish, PIMBLODUS MELAS, Fimelods uoir. (p. G6.) 
 
 Amiueus MELAS (Eaf.) Jordan. 
 Amiurua oheaus Qi'iW. .vuvotviyi „., . ,xxi 
 
 I 
 
 t 78th species, Tellow-Head Catfish, PIMELODUS XANTHOCEPH^LUS, 
 Pimelode xanthocephale. (p. 68.) 
 
 . !■■( 
 
 It'- ■-. 
 
 ^^j ,-, Amiurus xANxnocEPnALUs (Raf.).Gill. 
 4th section, ILICTIS. (p. 66.) 
 
 
 Tail entire, eyes elliptical. Nine abdominal rays. Dorsal tins sub- 
 uicdial. Pectoral fins with one flat spine serrated outwards and nine 
 rays. Lower jaw longer. 
 
 79th species, Mud-Catfish, PIMELODU3 LIM0SU3, Pimelode bourbeux. 
 (p.GC.) 
 
 PELGDICHTnYS OLIVARIS (Raf.) Gill & Jor. 
 .. tXXnr Genus, MUDCAT, PILODICTIS, Pylodicte. (p. «7.) 
 
 PVLODICTISRaf.. 1.S19. 
 Opladklus Kaf., ISL'O. 
 
 IJOPLADELUS Gill, IHOl. 
 
 Pelodicutiiys Gill & Joalan, 1877. 
 
 
 ,.» n ■'■*• 
 
 
 . *Jaw'H iittitrly oqiml. Eyt^s round. liurbs un«-i|nul, sliortur thun tlie hbuil. Hotly 
 entirely bluik, luterul lino Htrui^ht. Aoal liii with '^U rayu. Tail ueurly truucutu, 
 Kill ire. 
 iSiluruH mclan, Monoj;. . sp. H. 
 
 A rani Hpo(!i"s ichh tliun afoot long. IIur»ily i»ulo biMiealh. Dorsal liii 1 iiiul *■ 
 Found bolow tlio fallH. 
 
 t UpiK'r jaw h)nnt'r. Ilurbs >incqufti,Hhort«'r f luin tlioliond. Kyt's round. 3Jo<ljir<>ii 
 KHiy, with tbo wliolo or part of Iho brad yoliow. lii-liy white. Lateral lino «tniiKlit. 
 Anal tin with '^i ravt*. Tail t^ntirttly truncate. 
 iSiluruii :>ttntho('e}ilialnii,tiihnutgT. Hp. 10. 
 
 About a foot long. In the Ohio, Kuutucky, He. Ilt-od viiy lar^e, often entirt'ly 
 yellow, or only I'orwaitl, or eovered with yellow putchcH. Iris white. Fins lli'sli/ 
 ri'ddiHli. The dorsal with 1 and (> rayw, caudal '24. (iood food. 
 
 { Hody BculcloKi, conical, lluftciifd forwards and cunpreuHcd behind. Head very 
 bn>ad ana tiat, with baibH, eyeu above the head. Two UutHul liuH, both with Hufl raytt. 
 Vent posterior. 
 
 TliiHKenuH was the lOtli of my Pral. of 70 N. 0. of auinials. Tho name means 
 MudltHh. It d.tFerB principally Irom the foregoing by the Bccund dursa' having nijs. 
 
 ! 
 
(— EEVIEV/ OF EAFINESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. 
 
 41 
 
 ^80lh species, Toad Mudcat, PYLODICTIS LIMOSUS, FyJodiote bour- 
 beux. (p. 67.) 
 
 Pelodichthys olivakis (Raf.) G. & J. 
 
 t XXIV. Genua, BACKTAIL, NOTURUS, Noture. (p. 67.) 
 
 iSlst species, Telle w Oacktail, NOTURUS FLAVUS, Noture jaune. (p. G8. 
 
 NOTURUS FLAVUS Raf. , 
 
 XXV. Genus, TOTBR, HYPBNTPLIIiM, Hypentele. (p. 68.) 
 
 82d spsLies, Ohio Totsr, HYPxiNTBLIUM MACROPTERUM, Hypentele 
 macroptere. (p. 68.) 
 
 liYPENTELIUM NIGRICANS (Le SuCUr.) JOF. * 
 
 Catostomtis nigricans he Sae.uv (young). v^^v 
 
 Ihjlomyzon nigricans (Le S.) Ag. ,, *,,. i iti , ,>K«*r.* ,'^ jsijvygi 
 
 Ibjpentelium nigricans (L\i ^.) JovAavi. , ./^. ,,.(/! , 
 
 Description very good. If Catostomns nigricans be considered generi- 
 caiiy distinct from C. hudsonius, we have no alternative but to substi- 
 tate Eypentclium for Iltflomyzon of later date. 
 
 • Lower jaw longer, eyes round, eight barbs, four above iiiid four bf'low. lleiul vpr- 
 riicoso above. Body brown, clouded, and dotted with yellowish, reddiwl., and bliiiHb ; 
 (IIU1 row of trannvorsul black linoH ou each side of tbo back. No lateral liuu. Tuil en- 
 tire and trnnrate. 
 
 I Iiuvu not Heen tbiH (IhTi, T)nt(l(>Rcril>e it from a drawing of Mr. An(''u1)on. It Ih found 
 in tlie lower part of the Ohio and in the Mississippi, where it lives on muddy Itottonis, 
 mill buries itself in the mud in the winter. It reaches Bonietinws the weight of iiO 
 pounds. It beam the name of Mndcat, Mndtlsh, Mud Sucker, atid Toadflsh. It is 
 p)od to cut, a!id bites nt tlio hook. Tlie bead is broader than the body, and witli a 
 very large month ; the bnrbs appear to lie in four pairs, two above, longer and near 
 llif nostrils, an(' two smaller nnder the lower jaw. The liist doisal tins triangular 
 iM'.ii ii'itove the abdominals, which are nearer the pectorals than tc. the ainil. Sccoi..! 
 (■Intiiriite willi many rays. Number of rays unnoticed. 
 
 tDlti'crenco from (», I'imiliKlnii, S. <!. Iclalurun, and sect. .tmciuriiH : Adipose dorHnI (ft! 
 Very lung, decurrent, and nnited with the tail, which is dccui rent on each side, but 
 iin('>iin.>'ctc(1 with tlut anal tin, 
 
 (icnns iHthof the I'rodr. N. (I. It difl'crs from the genus VhtoHm of Laci^piilc by 
 liaviiig the aiuil tin free, und from I'imclodiiH by the connection of the tail with the 
 »i'C(iiul dorsal I'm. The name means "tuil over the buck". The i>'ilu>ti» gyriuiio of 
 Mitcliiji nnist belong to this genus. 
 
 (Entirely yullowisli. Upper Jaw longer, baibs lialf the Itngth of llie head. Kyrs 
 Winid. Lateri,! line nearly (itraight. Anal tinwifli If rays. Tail cntiicly truncate. 
 
 A Hini!ll species, very conimmi near the falls. Length 4 to 12 inches. Itagncslii 
 ■Itiiost evf "yt tii"K with the seetloti AmtiHrun among the Ctttflsheii, Vulgar name Yel- 
 low .'afflsh, like the Pimilodaii vuprfiiK. Dorsal llii with 1 and 7 rays, rounded spine 
 vcy MJiort .tnd obtuse. Second dorsal beginning ocfore the anal and • ■ tending to the 
 tail in n curve. All the lower llns rounded. PiH-toruls with 1 and 7 ., s, spine ecpial 
 .Mill acute. AlHloi'dnul fln» whli H rays. All the tins fleshy and fat. Head flat above. 
 Iluibs uut-(|ual, Uclly coiiv«)S. Hind |turl uf the body cutnpreiMed. 
 
 t >>■>,"% I 
 
 
 f:, 
 
 
 • ' -rV- J I 
 
t»'. 
 
 II 
 
 42 CONTEIBUTIONS TO NOETEI AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I, 
 
 ' ZXVI. Genua, RIBBON-FISH, SARCHIRnS,,Sarchire. (p. 69.) ^' 
 
 83d species, Ohio Ribbon-Fish, SARCHIRUS VITTATUS, Sarohire rubanne. 
 
 (p.69.) -■' :> 
 
 Lcpidosteus sp. (youug). yji ailsorf'^ 
 
 Descriptiou inaccurate. j ; .cngi 
 
 " XXVII. Genus, PIKB, BSOX, Brochet. (p. 70.) 
 1 84th species. Streaked Pike, ESOX VITTATUS, Brochet raye. (p. 7^.) 
 Thus far unrecognized. , ,:i 
 
 1 8Sth speoiea, Sa'mon-Pike, ESOX SALMONBUS, Brochet saumouue. (p. 71.) 
 
 EsOX »ALMONEUS Rat". 
 
 t Esox umhroHus Kirtland. ;|ti ; i 
 
 Description probably second band and not vt'y gf ' It is probably 
 
 Esox timbrosus, wbicb species abounds iu the b..jCt.. oi the Ohio, but 
 
 • Body cylindrical or vory loug, covered with small Hcales, vent posterior. One dor- 
 sal tiu behind the abdominal iins. Month large, jiiws long and Hattened, with vury 
 strong teeth ; opeuingoftlie gills very large. Head bony, sculelcss. Tail not obliqual. 
 All the fins vrith rays. 
 
 There are several species of Pikes in the Ohio, Mississippi, Wabash, K„'ntncliy, &c. 
 I have not yet been able to observe theiu thoroughly. I have, however, prociirud cor- 
 rect accounts and tigures of two species ; but there are more. They appear o beloog 
 to a peculiar subgenus distinguished by a xoug dorsal fin, a forked tail, and the ub.lom- 
 inal fins anterior, being removed from the veut. It may be called /'icon //ns. The 
 French settlers of the Wabash and Missouri call them i'icv;»fatt, and the Aiiiericau 
 settlers I'ikea or Pickerels. They are permaneut but rare fishes, retiring, liowijver, in 
 deep waters in winter. They prefer the large streams, are very voracious, and grow 
 to a large size. They prey on all the other fishes except the Gar-fisLes, &c. They are 
 ifosily taken with the hook, and atl'ord a very g(Mid food, haviiig a delicur ' m],. 
 
 t White, with two blackish longitudinal streaks pn each side, back b' ui li ; Jaws 
 nearly equal, vory obtuse, eyes large and behind the mouth; dorsal ^1c > u:diual 
 between the abdominal and anal fins ; tail forked. 
 
 E.viltaluit. Kaf. in American Monthly Miigaziue 1HI8, volume 3, page 447. 
 
 This fi^h is rare iu the Ohio (although it has been seen at Pittsburgh), but more 
 common in the Wabash and Upper MisNissippi. It is culled rUvnmu or Picamau hy 
 the Canadiaus and Missoiirians. It ;'eacljert the length of from three to live feet. Tliu 
 pectoral and alxlmniiial fins are tiupezoidnl, the anal and dorsal loiigitudiuul wiili 
 iiiuny rays and nearly eiiuul. It is sometimes culled Jack or Jatkllsli. Lateial liiiu 
 utraight. 
 
 t IVhilt; with many narrow iran$vcr»al brown bands, somewhat vurvrd ; Jaw m nearly iqnal, 
 wry obtime ; dorsal fins brown, lungitndinul and exteuiliug over llio anul tins; tail 
 forked and brown. 
 
 It is ouo of the best fl.shes iu llie Ohio; its flesh la very delicate, p» u livides easily, 
 as in ISalmon, into large plates as whiiu us snow. It is called Halm, ii Pike, Wliitv 
 I'ike, White Jiick or While Pickerel, and I'ivanrcu bionv by the MiHsiiuriiuiH. Ilhnna 
 xhort and thuk hmd, vyv» not very large, unci situated U[iW!irds. Peetortil an<l iiliilnm- 
 iual litis lrapezoii!al. Dorsal II u beginiiiug behind these; last and extending over dm 
 anul. 'Jho nuiuber of tiain^versal badtis u. twelve or more, ralher distant, ami wiili 
 (he concavity luwuttlit the head. It reachea Ihu l'<uglli of 5 feet. Lulerul line iit-nily 
 •truight. 
 
REVIEW OF RAFINESQUE ON AlfERICAN FISHES. 
 
 48 
 
 the Gtatement tbat it "reaches the length of 5 feet" renders the identi- 
 iicatioQ doubtful. I have never seen it more than a foot long. The 
 uame Picorellua may be retained for the section of Esox, which has the 
 cheeks and opercles entirely scaly, if a subgeneric uame for that group 
 is considered desirable. 
 
 ZXVni. GkiauB, QARFI3H, IiEPISOSTBUS, Lepisoste. (l>.71.) 
 
 iBt Babgenus, CYLIITDROSTEXTS. (p. 72.) 
 
 86th species, Duck-BUl Oarfisn, LEPia03T£US PLATOETTOMUS, Lepi- 
 MBte platoatome. (p. 72.) 
 
 Lepidosteus platystomus Kaf. 
 Description fair. 
 
 87th speoiea, White Qarfish, LEPiaOSTEUS ALBU3, Lepisoste blanc. 
 
 (p. 73.) 
 
 Probably same as preceding. 
 
 88th species, Ohio Garfish, LEPISOSTB OXYUUnS, Lepisoste ozyure. 
 
 (p. 73.) 
 
 Lepidosteus osseus (L.) Ag. (probably). 
 
 89th species, Long-Bill Garfish, LEPISOSTBUS LONGIROSTRI3, Lepi- 
 aoBte longirostre. (p. U.) 
 
 Lepidosteus osseus (L.) Ag. ^ ^' - 
 
 2d subgenus, ATRACTOSTEUS. (p. 75.^ 
 
 Airacto8teu8 Grd. am\ ixttthors. 
 
 Lithulepuf Kaf. Am. Mouthl. Mag. 1818, III, 447. 
 
 90th species, Alligator-Garfish, LEPISOSTEUS FEROX, Lepisoste ferooe. 
 
 (p. 75.) -SMJ 
 
 LiTHOLEPis SPATULA (Lac<5p.) Jor. 
 
 Atractosteuft ferox (Kaf.) Ord. 
 
 Litholepis adamantinus Ilaf. • ,,|j 
 
 Description pretty good. The generic name Litholepis, having two 
 jeait,' priority, must supersede AtractoNteua. The speciUc name spatula 
 (Luft'|)6di') antedates botli adnmuntiims nnilfirox. 
 
 ' XXIX. Genus. DIAMOND-FISH, LITHOLEPIS, Litholepe. (p. 70.) 
 
 ' llixly fiiHifoitn, covfij-d with hard, t}ovy pcLtai^ilrni hcuIid, vent iicurly inwlml. 
 AlHloiniiiiil till iit*ur tiiH vent. One dftrf'al Jin vpftimte (hit anal, llciiil tionii, frulilrnH, 
 tiriiliiidid anteriorly in u Idn^i Hiioiit ; month Iwiicutli tli<< lii-ail ; jawn vol ilon'ialnl, nilli 
 iiroiKj unrqual tetlh. Opi-uiug uf the gllla very lurgo. Tuii uot obllquui. All thu lius 
 with rayu. 
 
 A very HinjTular Renun, which conuw vi-ry ni-ttr to the \ant g^nnn, lint •lifPiTH liy tlio 
 •iioiit, mouth, tail, ncuIhh, d^o, It uiubt buluug, Uuwever, to tho suuio family, ihe 
 Bauiit luesus Stony Scalet, 
 
 
 
 ry t S. M. . 
 
44 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH iMERICAN ICHTHVOLCGY — I. 
 
 M 
 
 
 m 
 
 * 91st species, Devil- Jack Diamond-fisi:. DTTZOLEPIS ADAMANTINtTS, 
 Litholepe adamantin. (p. 7ti.) > 
 
 LiTHOLEPIS SPATULA (Lac.) Jor. 
 
 Description at second hand and erroneous in several respects, but 
 unquestionably referring to the Alligatoi-Gar. 
 
 XXX. Genus, EEL, ANOniLLA, Anguille. (p. 77.) 
 
 Subgenus CONOER. (p. 77.) 
 
 ''t 92d species, Broad-TaU Eel, ANGUILLA LATICAUDA Anguillo large 
 queue, (p. 77.) 
 
 Anguilla vulgaris Fleming. -'^ 
 
 Anguilla hostoniensis (Le Sueur) Dekay and of authors. 
 Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur) Dekay(the earliest American name). 
 
 If, as is claimed by Dareste, there is but one species of Anguilla in 
 the northern hemisi)hero, the four species of Rafluesque belong to it. 
 Murcena rostrata (Le S.), applied to the eel of the inland lakes of New 
 York, is the oldest American name. 
 
 93d species, Black Eel, ANGUILLA ATERRIMA, Anguilla noire, (p. 76.) 
 
 94th species, 7ellow-BeUy Eel, ANGUILLA XANTHOMELAS, Anguilla 
 zanthomele. (p. 78.) 
 
 * Snout obtuHi; an lonij as the head ; head ouu-fuurtli of total leu;;tb ; boily t'lisiforin 
 ItlackiHh ; dorsal and anal iina equal aud wiih niauy rays; tail bilobed, lateral linu 
 obsolete. 
 
 Lilholcpis adamantlnnt Rtif. in American Monthly Magazine 1818, vol. 3, p. 417, and 
 in Journal dc I'huHiquc et Hint. Nat, 70, N. G. d'Animaiix G. 'iO. 
 
 This may bo reckoned the wonder of the Oliio. It is oniy found as far up as tbo 
 falls, und probably lives also iu the Mississippi, I have seen it, but only at a distance, 
 and have beetv shown some of its singular scales. Wonderful stories are rulatc^d coti- 
 coniinR this llsh, but I have principally relied upon the descripti<>u and llgure ^ivi'ii 
 mo by Mr. Audubon. Its length is from 4 to 10 feet. One was caught which wfi^hud 
 4U0 pounds. It lies sometimes asleep or motionless on the surface of the water, aiul 
 nuiy be mistaken for a log or a snag. It is impossible to take it in any otiicr way 
 than with the seine or u very strong hook, the prong", of the gig cannot pierce Ibn 
 scales which are as hard as tliiit, and oven proof against lead bulls! Its flesh i.t not 
 go(Ml to eat. It is a voracious tish. Its vulgar names are Diamond Fish (owing to its 
 scales being ct;t like diamonds), Devil Fish, .Jack Fish, Uurjack, &o. The snout is iar;;<', 
 convex above, very obtuse ; the eyes small and black ; nostrils smaU, rouiul bcfoni 
 the eyes; mouth beneath the eyes, transversal with largo angular teeth. Pectoral and 
 abdominal lins trapezoidal. Dorsal and unal tins equal, longitudinal, with many rays. 
 Tail «»btus(ly and regularly bilobed. The wholo bo<ly covered with large stone seaii's, 
 lying iu oblique rows ; they are conical, pentagonal niul j)entacdrul, with e(|iial niilcs 
 fnun half an inch to one inch in diameter, brown at tirst but becoming of the color of 
 turtle shell when dry. They strike Are with steel ! and nre ball proof I 
 
 t One individual of this species poisoned once slightly n whole family, causing 
 violent eolii'ks, which was ascribed to its having been taken in tho vitriuliu slutu rmka 
 of Silver Creek, near tho lulls,— ( ".af.) 
 
KEVIEW OP RAFINESQTTP '^N AMERICAN PISHES. 45 
 
 95th apeciea, Tello^ Eel, ANGUIIiLA LUTBA, Anguilla jaune. (p. 78.) 
 
 XX2X Genus, STURGEON', ACCIPENSER, Eturgeon. (p. 7G.) 
 
 1st subgenus, STURIO (5 rows of plates), (p. 79.) 
 
 96t2i species, Spotted Sturgeon, ACCIPENSER MACT7LOS173, Sturgeon 
 taohete. (p. 79.) 
 
 AciPENSEU MACULOSUS Le S. and authors. 
 
 37tb species, Shovel-Fish Sturgeon, ACCIPENSER PLATORHYNCHUS. 
 Eturgeon pelle. (p. 80.) 
 
 SCAPHIRHYKCHOPS PLATYRHYNCHUS (Ruf.) Gill. 
 2d subgenus, STERLETUS (3 rows of plates), (p. 80.) 
 
 98tb species, Fall Sturgeon, ACCIPENSER SEROTINUS, Eturgeon tardlf 
 
 (p. rid.) 
 
 Thia and the next are probably Aclpenser rubicundus Le Sueur, but I 
 can throw no new li^ht on this perplexing subject. 
 
 99ta species, Ohio Sturgeon, ACCIPENSER OHIENSIS, Eturgeon de I'Ohio. 
 
 (p. HI.) 
 
 103th species, Big-Mouth Sturgaon, ACCIPENSER MACR03T0MUS, 
 Eturgeon beaut, (p. 81.) 
 
 XXXn. Genus, DOUBLE-FIN, DINECTUS, Dinecte. (p. 82.) 
 
 A sturgeon with " two dorsal and no abdominal fins". 
 
 'fi«0 
 
 lOlst species, Flat-Nose Double-Fin, DINECTUS TRUNCATU3, Dinecte 
 camus. (p. 82.) 
 
 Description from a drawing by Mr. Audubon, which represents, as 
 suggested by liaQnesque, " only a sturgeon incorrectly drawn". 
 
 XXXni. Genus, SPADE-FISH, POLYODON, Polyodon. (p. 82.) 
 
 102d species. Western Snade-Fisli, POLYODCN FOLIUM, Polyodon feu)l?e. 
 
 (p.8i.) 
 
 Polyodon folium Lac<?p6de. 
 Description mainly correct. 
 ** XXXIV. Genus, PADDLE FISH, PLANIR08TRA Planirostre. 
 
 103d species, Toothless Paddle Fish, PLANIR08TRA BDBNTX7LA Pl«ni- 
 roilre edent*. (p. 83.) 
 
 Polyodon folium Lao5pddo (adult). 
 
 - I i- "I if 
 
 1 ,'i .* ,»" 
 
46 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 I 
 
 \- ■! 
 
 • n 
 
 1 1 ( 
 
 I 
 
 I. 
 
 i\ 
 
 
 XXXV. Genus, LAMPRBT, PBTROM7ZON, Lamproie. (p. 84.) 
 
 * 104th species, Black Lamprey, PETROM7ZON NIORUM, Lamproie 
 noire, (p. H4.) 
 
 Ammoccetes NIGER (Raf.) Jor. 
 Petromyzon niger Grd. ^t^tu -.ti:.-. i . . <,v,,<f 
 
 Description insufficient, but I am unable to find that the cotutnoa 
 little Black Lamprey of the West has received any other name. 
 
 ']'''' SUPPLEMENT, (p. 85.) ^r - 
 
 t XXXVL aenus, SPRING-FISH, PEGEDICTIS, Pegedicte. (p. 85.) 
 ExnEOSTOJiA Raf. Gill & Jordan emend. 
 Oato:<otus Agassiz. . , ' '^* 
 
 X 103th species, Cat's-Eye Spring-Fish, PEGEDICTIS IGTALOPS, Pegedicte 
 ceuil de chat. (p. 85.) ,^ - , ,' ^^ ,...^,., 
 
 Etheostoma flabellaeis Raf. 
 Deacriptiou indifferent. The characters indicate a species of Darter, 
 and the eight dorsal spines point to the jlahelUiris. 
 
 6th genuii, ETHEOSTOMA. (p.H!>.) 
 
 v.'-iU'; 
 
 
 ■'i. ">::*:'"■. 
 
 106th species, Springs Hogfish, ETHEOSTOMA FONTINALIS, Etheoatome 
 des fontaines. (p. 86.) 
 
 ExnEGSTOMA. FLABELLAEIS Raf. 
 
 Description very good. 
 
 * Euiirely bluckiab, tail uvul acute, Htiouud dortiul uvur the veut, severbl ruwn uf 
 teeth. "^ 
 
 A very small species, from 4 to 5 inches long; !t is fbnnd as high as Pittsburgh. Dor- 
 hhI liim shallow, and distaut from each other and the tail. Eyes round and l!ir<;f. 
 DruncLial holes small. No lateral line. Mouth ovul, tcetli white and yellow. It tur- 
 nieiits Hoiuetimes the Biiilalo-flsb and Sturgeons upon which it fastens itself. It Ih 
 uever found in sufficient quantity to bo used as foo 1. 
 
 tBody conical, with nnxall scales, belly flat, vent medial. Head broad, scaleless. gill 
 covered with a niciil lacoous appendage and a concealed spine, mouth toothed. Twu 
 dontal tins, the first v/itb simple, soft, semi-spiucscent rays. Thoracic lius with live 
 rays. 
 
 This new genus belongs to the family Percidia and has many affinities with the G. 
 Jlolocrntrus, Ijcpomia, Etheostoma, <fc., but its conical form and many other secondary 
 I»eculiarities distinguish it completely. The name means Fountain-fish. 
 
 t Juws equal, forehead knoliby, o.yes elliptiual. Body olivaceous with some hlack troM- 
 versal imeqiial brown hands; a conceiilod spine on the gill cover ; lateral line htruight; 
 tail elliptical. The tiist dorsal tin with 8 rays, the second uiih 12, as well as tlie unal 
 und pectoral flns. 
 
 I have discovered this specica in the summer of 18*20 near Lexington. It linn no 
 vulgar name. Length hardly 2 inches. Head large, brown, convex above, withwv- 
 eral small knobs ou the forehead, flat beneath. Eyes as in the Caiflshes with (;l)lon|{ 
 •yea, ills gilt brown. Spiuu of the gill cover concealed under the skiu. Te<>th small 
 and acute. Pectoral fins large lanceolate. Belly white and flat. Fins hyaliu with some 
 brown spots* ilvo trauHVoi-sal bauds. The specitio uaoie nieaas oat's eye. 
 
EEVIEr OF RAPINESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. 
 
 47) 
 
 17th genus, SEMOTILUS. (p. 86.) 
 
 * 107th species, SUver-Spotted Chubby, SEMOTILUS ? NOTATUS, 8c- 
 motile tache. (p. 86.) 
 
 ZVGONECTES NOTATUS (Raf.) Jor. 
 
 Zygonectes olivaceus (Storer) Agassiz. . y-' ^tift<\ 
 
 This description evideotly refers to some Cyprlnodont fish. The 
 translucent spot on the head of Zygonectes is so characteristic, and con- 
 spicuous in life that I have no doubt that Eaflnesque had that common 
 
 species in mind. 
 
 26th genus. SARCHIRUS. (p. 86.) 
 
 1 108th species. Silver Ribbon-Fish. SARCHIRUS ? ARaSNTEUS, Sar- 
 chire argente. (p. 86.) 
 
 Unidentifiable. 
 
 Description erroneous and insufficient. ' I ' ^ 
 
 31st genus, ACCIPENSER. (p. 86.) 
 
 109th species, Oourd-Fisb Sturgeon, ACCIPaNSBR LAOENARIUS Etux^ 
 geon gourde, (p. 86.) 
 f Poly odon folium. . • ^ ^ i ,:;.'> 
 
 Description second band and erroneous. '.' ' '^ 
 
 XXXVII. Genus, SAWFISH, PRISTxd, Poisson-scie. (p. 86.) ^^ 
 
 110th species, Mississippi Sawfish, PRISTIS MISSISSIPPIEN8IS, Pois- 
 lon-scie du Mississippi, (p. 86.) _.,^__„ 
 
 Pristis antiquorum Shaw. 
 Passable description (of the saw only). 
 
 
 tXXXVin. aenu3, HORNFISH, FROCEROS, Proceros. (p. 87.) 
 
 'Breadth unu-Hixth uf the leugtb, bruwnisb, pule beneath; head amnll obtuse ivith a 
 large silver spot on the forehead h^ore the eyes, jaws nearly equal ; dorsal fin opposed to 
 ike anal, tail oboval entire. 
 
 It is fuund iu the Cumberland River and the Little River, a branch of it. Commn- 
 nicuted by Mr. Wilkius. It is rather doubtful whether it belongs to this geuus, or Mtn- 
 flif'M, Ilulilus, &.C. It might perhaps be found to constitute a peculiar one by tliu sumll 
 inuiith without 4ip8, and the posterior dorsal fin. Vent posterior. Pectoral and abdom 
 inalfins oboral. Eyes large. Length 3 inches ; good bait for Perch, Boss, I{ed-eit;< ^r 
 Kiiij;-oye8, &c. 
 
 t I'^ntirely silvery, without bands or spots. ' 
 
 Communicated by Mr. Owings. It is found in Llr-king River, Slate Creek, &«. 
 LetigtL from two to three feet. It is called Pike, and may be one, but us it isdesciited 
 witlioui scales and very slender, I have added it to this genus until it is better known. 
 
 t Apodal. Body elongated. Vent posterior. One dorsal (in opposed to tho anul. 
 Mouth beneath transvemnl toothed. Buout protruded iu a straight horn. Four spirit 
 cles or branchias on each aide. 
 
 Singular new genus of (he family of Sharks or Jnlacea, from which however it dif- 
 ferN by the want of abdominal fins. There are two species of it; the second, which I 
 tiikve called Proceros vittatus, lives in Lake Ontario, and has longitudinal stripes. 
 
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 48 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 * lllth species, Spotted Hom-Fisli, PROCEROS MACULATUS, Proceros 
 tachete. (p. 87.) » 
 
 A myth ; description evidently second band. ^iThat fish, if any, sug- 
 gested it is past luy guessing. 
 
 IV.— LIST OF SPECIES NOT NOTICED BY RAFINESQUE. 
 
 The following species occurring in the valley of the Ohio, most of tliera 
 within a radius of one hundred miles from Lexington, do not seem to have 
 been noticed by Raflnesque. These species are given upon the antlior- 
 ity of the present author unless otherwise noted. In ease no particular 
 locality is mentioned, the species is supposed to be generally diffused. 
 "Various other nominal species have been described from the Ohio Val- 
 ley, but I omit all of whose validity I am not reasonably certain. 
 
 Mlcropercapunctiilata Fntu&m. — While River, Indiana. 
 
 Boldchthys cos Jordan & Copeland. — Wabash River. 
 
 PacUichlhys variatus (Kirt.) Ag. — Everywhere. ■•' 
 
 Poacilkhthijs spcctahilis Ag. 
 
 Nanostoma zonalis (Cope) Jor. — Miami River (Cope). 
 
 Nothonotus camurus (Cope) Jor. 
 
 Kothonotus sangviflmts (Cope) Jor. — Cumberland River (Cope). 
 
 Nothonotus macidatus (Kirt.) Ag, ■" •* ' 
 
 Pleiirolepis pellucidtis Ag. 
 
 Alvordius aspro Cope & Jordan. 
 
 J'Jricosma evides Jordan & Copeland. — White River. 
 
 Eheocnjpta copdandi Jor. — White River. 
 
 Jmostoma shumardii (Grd.) Jordan. — Wabash River. 
 
 Diplesium simoterum (Cope) Copeland. — Rock Castle River. 
 
 AlvordivH phoxoccphalus (Nelson) Cope & Jor. — Wabash River. 
 
 Pcrcina manitou Jor. — Wabasli River. 
 
 ISandrus canadensis (Smith) Jor. — Ohio River. Introduced. 
 
 Stizostelhium vitreum (Mit.) Jord. — Ohio River. (Introduced.?) 
 
 Moronc intcrriipta Gill. — Lower Ohio. 
 
 Centrarchua iridcus (Lac.) C. & V. — Lower Ohio. 
 
 Pomoxys nigromaculatus (Le Suer) Grd. — White River. Scarce. 
 
 •IiDii griy, witli wUito spots on Iho Hiileu; tuil tuiked; horu one-foiirtli of total 
 length. 
 
 Tbis (Itib livea iit tlio MissisHippi, and is snnietimi'S caught nt St. Gonoviove, in tho 
 Stato of Missouri. Tlio French sottltirs call it Po'mon arnu. It has no scales, but its 
 head is bony. Eyes very Hinall. Dorsal and anal fius rounded. Length 'J or '.] feot: 
 very good to eut. ComiQUoicatud by Mr. M , of St. Genuvievo. 
 
REVIEW OF EAFINESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. 
 
 49 
 
 Cluenobrytttis gulosue (0. & V.) Cope. — Wabash Eiver. 
 Lepiopomm pallidus (Mit.) Gill & Jord. — Everywhere. 
 Lepiopomus anagalUnus (Cope.) — Salt River, Kentucky. 
 Xenotis inscriptua (Ag.) Jor. — White Kiver. 
 Xenotis aureolun Jor. 
 
 Eupomotis pallidus (Ag.) Gill & Jor. — Lower Ohio. 
 Eupomotis aureus (Walb.) Gill & Jor. — Introduced. (!) 
 Asternotremia iaolepis Nelson. — Southern Illinois. 
 Aphododerus cookianus Jordan. — Wabash Eiver. 
 Potamocottus hairdii (Grd.) Gill. — Muskingum Eiver. (Grd.) 
 Potamoeottu8 caroUnce Gill. — Cave Region, etc. 
 Potamocottus wilsoni (Grd.) Gill. — White Eiver. ^ - ■' 
 Lota lacuatris {Wa,\h.) Gill. — Eare. Introduced.! ■^^''■'•'--y' 
 Labidesthes sicculus Cope. — Abundant. "■ " * • - '• ' *■ 
 
 Zygonectes dispar Ag. — Wabash Eiver. - ' * 
 
 Fundulm diaplmnus (Le S.) Ag (!) * :■< .,,*; 
 
 Melanura limi {Kxvt) A^. — Scarce. " • ' ?. 
 
 Anibly&psis speloBxts Yiok. — Caves, v. - :- ' • . t 
 
 Typhlichthys subterraneus Grd. — Caves. ' - * 
 
 Chologaster agassizii PatusLva. — Caves. '.• T 
 
 Percopsis guttatus Ag. — Eare. (Introduced. !) 
 Exoglossum maxillingua (Le S.) Hald. (! ?) 
 Eybognathus argyritis Grd. 
 Hybognaihus nuchalis Ag. 
 Ericyinba buccata Cop^. — Abundant. 
 Nocomis dissimilis (Kirt.) Cope & Jor. — Common. 
 Rhinichthys obtusua Ag. — Common. 
 PheiMcobius terettdus Cope. — West Virginia. (Cope.) 
 Phenacobius uranops Cope. — Eock Castle Eiver. 
 L cilus storerianua (Kirt.) Jordan — Kentucky. (Grd.) 
 Luxilm stramineus (Cope) Jordan. — White River. 
 Luxilus tuditanus (Cope) Jordan. — Wabash River. (Cope.) 
 Luxilus galacturus (Cope) Jordan. — Abundant. 
 Luxilus coccogenis (Cope) Jordan. — Cumberland River. 
 CUola scabriceps (Cope.) Jor. 
 Cliola ariomma (Cope) Jor. — White River, etc. 
 Cyprinella analostana (Grd.) Jordan. 
 Pliotogenis spilopterus Cope. — Wabash Eiver, 
 Bull. &~4 
 
 
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 T ~ S j 
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50 CONTBIBUTIONS TO NOBTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 ^1 
 
 Nototropis photogenis (Cope) Jor. — Ohio E. 
 
 Nototropia rubrifrons (Oope) Jor. — Abundant. 
 
 yototropis rubellus ( Ag.) Jor. — Abundant. 
 
 Nototropis dileotua (Grd.) Jor. — Falls of Ohio. 
 
 Nototropi» micropteryx (Oope) Jor.— Rock Castle River. 
 
 Myxoatoma breviceps Cope. — Ohio River, 
 
 Placopharyx carinatus Cope. 
 
 Carpiodea bkon Ag. 
 
 Carpiodea difformia Cope. 
 
 Carpiodea cutiaanaeriniia Cope. 
 
 Bubalichthya bubalinua Jor. (Cat bubalua Kirt. not of Raf.) 
 
 lothcelurua furcatua (Val.) Gill. 
 
 Ichthaelurua robuatua Jor. 
 
 Amiurua natalia (Le S.) Gill. 
 
 Koturua miurua Jordan. 
 
 Noturua liacanthtta Jor. 
 
 Noturua lemniacatua (Le 8.) Grd. — ^Ohio. 
 
 Noturua exilia Nelson. — Southern Illinois. 
 
 Amia calva L. 
 
 Ammoccetea argenteua (Eirt.) Jor. — Common. 
 
 
 ii' 
 
INDEX TO GENERIC NAMESvREFERRED TO IN THIS PAPER. 
 
 Page. 
 Abramis 28 
 
 Accipenser ...... ... ........ .14.45.47 
 
 Acipenser .' 11,13,45 
 
 Alburnellus 9,27 
 
 Alburnops 28 
 
 Alburnus 10,26 
 
 Alosa 24 
 
 Alvordius 23,48 
 
 Amblodon 10, 15, 18 
 
 Ainbloplites 10,12,20,21,22 
 
 Amblyopsis 49 
 
 Ameinras 11,39,41 
 
 Amia CO 
 
 Amlurus 11,16,39,40,50 
 
 AmmocoBtea 12,46,50 
 
 Auphiodon 10,15,25 
 
 Anguilla 12, 14,44 
 
 ApbododemB 49 
 
 Aplesion 10,22 
 
 Apleaium : 23 
 
 Aplitea 10,21 
 
 Aplocentras 9,22 
 
 Aplodinotaa 9,15,18 
 
 Apomotis 10,15,18,19 
 
 Asternotremia 49 
 
 Atractosteas 9, 11,43 
 
 Bagnis 38 
 
 Bodianus 12, 13, 14,20 
 
 Boleichthya 48 
 
 Boleosoina 23 
 
 Bryttus 15,18,19 
 
 Bubalichthys 15.34,50 
 
 Calliuras 9, 15, 18, 19 
 
 Campostoma 32,36 
 
 Carpiodes 11,33,34,50 
 
 Catonotus 7,11,15,22,46 
 
 Catostomus .... 11, 13, 14, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 
 
 38,41 
 Ceutroponraa 12 
 
 PtUMi 
 
 Ceratichtbya 31 
 
 CUsBDobryttaa 18,19,49 
 
 Cbatoeasna 10,24 
 
 ChologaHter .'.. 49 
 
 Chrosomos.. - 11,28,32 
 
 Centrarohas 48 
 
 Cichla 21 
 
 Cliola 49 
 
 Clodalua 10,26 
 
 Clnpea 13,i4,24 
 
 Conger 44 
 
 Corvina 18 
 
 Corypbena 21 
 
 Cycleptna 11, 16,38 
 
 Cylindrosteua 11,43 
 
 Cyprinella 31,49 
 
 Cyprinua 12,14,25,26,29,31,35,36 
 
 Dtica«tylaa 11,38 
 
 Dinectua 11,45 
 
 Diuoctua 9,14 
 
 Dioplitea 10,21 
 
 Dipleaion 10,23 
 
 Diplesium 10, 15,23,48 
 
 Dobula 10,26 
 
 Doroaoma 10,24 
 
 Doryaoma 10,13,24 
 
 EUiopa 11,38 
 
 Ericoama 48 
 
 Erioymba 49 
 
 Erimyzon 33,35,36 
 
 Eaox 11,14,42,43 
 
 Etbeoatoma 9, 11, 15, 22, 23, 24, 46 
 
 Enpomotis ju 12,52 
 
 Eutyatomna .*. 11,37 
 
 Exogloaaum 9,14,15,49 
 
 Fundulua 49 
 
 Glania 14 
 
 Qloaaodoa 9,13,14,26 
 
 HaploidoDotaa 9, 10, 15, 17 
 
 61 
 
 
 
62 CONTBreUTIONS TO NOBTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — I. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Hemiphis 10,26 
 
 Hiodon 26 
 
 Holocentms 46 
 
 HoplatleloB 10,40 
 
 Hudaonius 2S 
 
 HybognathuB 49 
 
 Hybopsis 27 
 
 Hyborbynchus 27 
 
 Hydrargyra 13 
 
 Hydrargyms 36 
 
 Hylomyzon 9,41 
 
 Hyodon 9,10,13,15,25,26 
 
 Hyostoma 10,23,24 
 
 llypenteliam 9,34,35,41 
 
 Hypsilepis 11,25,28,29,30 
 
 Icthfflldras 11, 13, 16, 38, 39, 50 
 
 lohthelis 19,20 
 
 Ichthyobus 10,11,13,15,33.34 
 
 Ictalurns 11,38,41 
 
 Icthelis 10,18,19,20 
 
 lotiobuB 11,33 
 
 Ilictis 11,40 
 
 Imostoma 48 
 
 Labidesthes 49 
 
 Lepibema 10,17 
 
 LepidoBtens 9, 11, 14, l!i, 42 
 
 Lepiopomus 9, 10, 15. 18, 19, 43, .'SO 
 
 LepisoBtens 13,14,43 
 
 Lepomis 9,15,18,20,46 
 
 LeptopB 11,39 
 
 LeuoisonB 11,26,30,31 
 
 LeucopB 9 
 
 Leucosomns 12,25 
 
 Lilholepis 9, 11, 14, 16, 43, 44 
 
 Lota 22,49 
 
 Lucioperca 17 
 
 LuxiluB 11, 12,25,28,29, 30,31, 49 
 
 LythruruB 30,32 
 
 MaxilliDgua 9 
 
 Melanara 49 
 
 Mioroperca 48 
 
 MicropteruB 9,10,12,15,18,20,21,22 
 
 MinniluB 9,12,26,27,31,47 
 
 Morone 12,48 
 
 Moxostoma 11,33,36 
 
 Page. 
 Mnneaa 44 
 
 Myxofltoma 11,13,32,33,37,38,50 
 
 Nanofitoma ^g 
 
 Nemocampsis 9 3^ 
 
 NooomiB 31,:}C,49 
 
 NotemigonnB ...10, 12, 15,25 
 
 NotbonotnB 23 48' 
 
 Nototropis 9,10,12,27,31,49 
 
 Notropis 9J2 
 
 Notnraa 9,14,16,41,50 
 
 OlmeruB (misprint for Oimerua) ... 14 
 
 OpladeluB 11,39,40 
 
 PegediotlB 11.22,46 
 
 Pelodiohthys 10, 11, 16, 39, 40,41 
 
 Per*a 12, 13, 15, 17 
 
 Percina 13,17,24,48 
 
 Fercopsis 49 
 
 Petromyzon 12,46 
 
 PhenacobiuB 49 
 
 PhotogeniB 49 
 
 PhoxinuB 10,26 
 
 PicorellDB ..11,42,43 
 
 Pileoma »... 23 
 
 PilodictiB 16,40 
 
 PimeloduB 38,39,40,41 
 
 Pimepbales 11,32 
 
 Placopharynx 50 
 
 Planirostra .' 45 
 
 PlargyruB 11,25,28,29,31 
 
 Pltturolepis 48 
 
 PlotoBns 41 
 
 PcBcilichthyB 23,48 
 
 PogOBtoma 9, 14, 15,22 
 
 Polyodon 13,45,47 
 
 PomacampsiB 17 
 
 PomolobuB 10,24 
 
 Pomotis 10,19,20 
 
 PomoxiB 9,14,15,21 
 
 Pomoxys 9, 14, 15,21, 48 
 
 Potamocottas 49 
 
 PriBtis 47 
 
 ProceroB 11,47,48 
 
 PtyotaostomnB 33,35,30,37 
 
 Pylodiotis 10,40,41 
 
 Bbeoorypta 43 
 
INDEX TO QENEBIC NAMES. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Bhlniohthy* 12,49 
 
 ?joocm 10,17 
 
 Bntilus 11,31,32,47 
 
 Salmo i2,26 
 
 SandruB 48 
 
 SarohiniB 9,14,15,42,47 
 
 Soapbirhynohops. 45 
 
 Soisena 13 
 
 SemotiluB 11,12,30,47 
 
 Silarns 13,14,16,38,39.40,41 
 
 Siltflox 38 
 
 Sparna 12 
 
 flqaalins 70 
 
 Sterletna 
 
 Stilbe 
 
 Stilbiua 
 
 Stizoatedion .. 
 Stizoatedinm .. 
 Stizostethium 
 
 Sturio 
 
 Synodontna ... 
 Telipomia .... 
 Teretulaa.... . 
 Typhlichthya . 
 
 Xenotia 
 
 Zygoneotea... 
 
 53 
 
 Page. 
 
 11,45 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 17 
 
 10 
 
 .10,13,17,48 
 
 11,45 
 
 38 
 
 9,18 
 
 11,35 
 
 49 
 
 ....19,20,51 
 47,49 
 
 f , 
 
 ■ V, ;; 
 ";rbt 
 
 I.e.'.; ■ .l-f'J 
 
 
 
 mm