IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)
^
//
^/
A
A^^
*
i/.A
^
1.0 L^»
I.I
2.8
L25 III 1.4
2.5
12.2
1.6
FhotDgraphic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 872-4503
fV
w
L17
:\
\
^
*s
I
ii
CIHM
Microfiche
Series
(l\1onographs)
iCfVIH
Collection de
microfiches
(monographies)
Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques
Technical and Bibliosraphic Notes / Notes techniques et bibhographiques
The Institute has attempted to obtain the best originai
copy available for filming. Features of this copy which
may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any
of the images in the reproduction, or which may
significantly change the usual method of filming, are
checked below.
Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur
D
I I Covers damaged/
Couverture endommagee
Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restauree et/ou pellicula
D
□ Cover title missing/
Le titre de couvertu
couverture manque
□ Coloured maps/
Cat
tes geographiques en couleur
□ Coloured ink (i.e. o
Encre de couleur (i
other than blue or black)/
e. autre que bleue ou noire)
□ Coloured plates and/or illustrations/
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur
□ Boun
Relie
Bound with other material/
avec d'autres documents
D
n
n
Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin/
La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distorsion le long de la marge interieure
Blank leaves added during restoration may appear
within the text. Whenever possible, these have
been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutees
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas ete filmees.
Additional comments:/
Commentaires supplementaires;
L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur examplaire qu'il
lui a eti possible de se procurer. Les details de tet
exemplaire qui sont peut-«tre uniques du point de v je
bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image
reproduit' ou qui peuvent exiger une modification
dans la methode normale de f ilmcge sont indiques
ci-dessous.
G Coloured pages/
Pages de couleur
□ Pages damaged/
Pages endommagees
□ Pages restored and/or lami,.ated/
Pages restaurees et/ou pellicultes
Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
Pages decolorees, tachetees ou piquees
□ Pages detached/
Pages detachees
0Showth rough/
Transparence
I X] Quality of print vanes/
Ciualite inegale de I'impression
Continuous paginatic
Pagination continue
I I Continuous pagination/
□ Includes index(es)/
Comprend un (des) i
ndex
Title on header taken from:/
Le titre de l'en-t«te proyient:
□ Title page of issue/
Page de titre de la I
I—ic
I I T
ivraison
Caption of issue/
itre de depart de la livraison
I I Masthead/
Generique (periodiques) de la livraison
This Item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/
Ce document est filme au taux de reduction indique ci-dessous.
ly A
I4X
.
18X
22X
26 X
30X
_j
J
1
1
12X
16X
20X
24X
7H11
n
32 X
The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks
to the generosity of:
National Library of Canada
L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grSce d la
g6n6rosit6 de:
Bibliothdque nationale du Canada
The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.
Original copies in printed paper covors are filmed
beginning with the front rover and ending on
tl e last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a priitted
or illustrated impression.
The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol — ^ (meaning "COIM-
TIIMUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.
Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:
Les imaget suivantes ont 6t6 reproduitas avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu ae la condition et
d.» la nettet6 de l'exemplaire film6, et en
conformit6 avec les conditions du contrat de
filmage.
Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprim6e sont film6s en commen?ant
per le premier plat et en terminant soit par la
dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second
plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires
originaux sont film6s en commenpant par la
premidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par
la dernidre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.
Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la
dernidre image de chaque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le
symbole V signSfie "FIN".
Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Stre
fiim6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour etre
reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir
de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite,
et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre
d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrent la m^thode.
32X
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
1*1
National Library
of Canada
Bibliotheque nationale
du Canada
THE PACIFOAILWAY.
Bartering away the Heritage of Oaaa-
diaas in the North-West.
The Government's Secret Bargain with the Syndi-
cate-A Vast Monopoly Created at sxl
Enormous Cost to the Country.
havefLlyyev:]ope^th:l:±^^?/'^"^^*^^ '^-^^ -^en time shall
the Paci/c RaifwarSv licat .^.i'Vt-H'^'i'^ *'^« ^«^tract with
meat, 22mi OctobJr^sS^l'nd S d bv t^ tl-^Maodonald Govern-
J..niuary 27th, 188]/wi]l i; nrnnmnt^^^^^^ ''^ ^""'^ «^ Commons
been the moW BisIsTRourpr^^ ""^"^"^^ "^^^ *« have
lUILWAVSWINDLEnotoXof S^e^inpf .V^^f''^ ;'"^ GREATEST
It is desirable and prop "r i Ll th^ ^fl r ^ 'f/^''^' ^"* «^a»y ag^-
at .his time to -mcVtlV L;t^^^acttr^^^ «^ ^'-^ ^
THE CONTRACT MADE IN SECRET.
tendersIil^iSTS ^1^^ fr^fe^, J" ^^f -» ^' l^w, no
Vic, chap. 12^ sect. 20):;Ses"as ioLl '' '^'^^'^ ""''' ^«^^ (^1
^•ertil;!,;etl^^;!i^lS,tioV';f ^JtS^i*^ invite tenders by public ad-
emergency, wl,ere delay would be tiSs'fo'ff "' P?«« .of pressing
where, from the nature of the work tcoX I ^ '' interests, or
ecnonneally c.ecut^ by th. ofhTe^'al^Vs^et^an'ts Ttl^H^S^^^ir^
shairnlt'le'gi^^a'^o'ut'V^L'''*^"". or sub-section of the said railway
entered into, and conseauenlly^ta^^ SSrt^SS^ol^TTaw"^-"^
A SECOND-CLASS ROAD.
seconlcl's!?oT"wSVc^K:'^l^^^^ an inferior,
^vay Act of 1874 provided for a firrow'^'''', ''^ l^/f and the Rail-'
cost at least twent/.ftve per eLmor^tt' trt- ^^''^ ^«"^d have
cate are t>ermitted to buiJd "''^ *^^ ^'^^ ^^^oh the Syndi-
\/
KNORMOUS SUBSIDIES GRANTED.
3. The Government grantoil to the 'Syndicate luuneys, l:inds, ex-
emptions and privileges vastly in excess of the amounts really reciuired.
The Allan Contract and the Act of 1874 provided for a subsidy in
money and land only, but the Syndicate contract provides for a sub-
sidy in six distinct forms, viz. :
(a) Cash $25,000,000
{b) Land, 25,000,000 acrea, selected in the fertile belt,
and estimated by Sir John Macdonald (see
ofhcial Report of the Debates, 1880, vol. 1,
page 1056), to be worth $.3 per acre 75,000.000
(c) Work already performed by Government upon the
railway and handed over fui benefit of the Syn-
dicate, as follows, viz. :
Surveys of the line $3,119,000
703 miles railway built, or to be
completed, and handed over to the
, Syndicate, composed of the fol-
lowing sections :
Pembina branch, 85 miles, cost 1,556,900
Thun<Jer Bay Division, jl'ort William
to Selkirk, 406 miles, cost 14,670,000
Kamloops to Emory Bar, 127 miles,
cost 8,431,800
Emory Bar to Port Moody, 85 miles,
cost 2,486,255
Allowance for miscellaneous pay-
ments and engineering work (see
return No. 23, Sessional Papers,
vol. 14,1880-81) 902,000
32,165,975
(d) Exemption from duty on rails, cars, engines, lum-
ber, wire, and all material (estimated) 1,000,000
(e) Exemption from Dominion, Provincial, and Muni-
cipal taxation on land grant for 20 years (esti-
mated) ^,000,000
And on road and capital forever
(estimate capitalized) 7,250,000
12,250,00b
Total $145,415,975
(/) Transportation monopoly of the North- West for
20 years (see Contract, section 15), value un-
kn own, but greater than the cash bonus at least,
A " SOFT THING" FOR THE SYNDICATE.
4. For this vast amount of Government aid, amounting, without
any reference to thethree last nientionedforms of subsidy, to ^132,166,-
975, the Syndicate are to build 2,000 miles of railway, which it was
estimated by Sandford Fleming, Government Engineer, should not
cost more than $48,500,000 (see Sessional Papers 1880, No. 133, p. 555),
and which mil be tlmr own property. In other words, the Government
gives the Syndicate the money and land to pay for building 2,000 miles
of road for itself, and then presents it with land and completed railway
wwth %83, 665, 000 more, freedom from duty on all material, freedom from
taxation on lands and capital, and a transportation monopoly to enable
tlie Company to exact unjust charges from the settlers of the North-West
for the next 20 years.
ex-
red.
'■ ia
ub-
out
i6,.
ff&S
QOt
i5),
ent
ilea
vay
'om
Me
A BXTTXR OVTEB BEJKCTXD.
5. When a hona Jide oiler whs subsequently received by the Gov-
ernment, to build the road lor ^3,000,000 less bonus, for 3,000,000
acres less of land, and other important concessions worth many milliona
to the country, the Conservative party refused to entertain it, although
the second Syndicate poasesset] more financial weij^ht than the first
Syndicate, and put up $396,000 more money than the $1,000,000 re-
quired by the Act as security. In justification of this betrayal of the
public by refusing a better oiler, the absurd allegation was made by
the Government that the ofiFer was a bogus one. All the members of
the second Syndicate were Cana<lians, whereas many members of the
favored Syndicate were foreigners.
A FAIR INFERISNCE.
6. The inference may fairly be <ha\vii that if an offer, so much
better than the terms accorded by the Government to the Syndicate,
was voluntarity made, still better offers couldliave been secured had the
law been complied with and tenders advertised lor.
THE BETTER TERMS.
7. The offer of the second Syndicate was, as already stated, backed
by an actual cash deposit of $1,090,000, and would have been car-
ried out if accepted. Viewed upon the basis of cost and advantage to
the country, it was better than the offer of the fir ' Syndicate in the
following particulars anJ amounts :
(o) Lesscash $ .3,000,000
(6) Less land 3,000,000 acres, worth, at $3 per ac, .. 9,000,000
(c) No exemption from duty on material 1.000,000
id) No exemption from taxation on land, road or
capital 12,250,000
Direct cash advantage $25,250,000
(«) No transportation monopoly, an advantage to the
North- West of untold value.
if) Canadian control secured.
to) Bight of the Government to purchase at any time
on fair terms.
BEGINNING TO BEAR ITS FRUIT.
8. The stupendous character of the iindue advantages secured by
an unscrupulous Syndicate from an equally nnscrupulous Government,
are only beginning to be understood by the people. It is building its
road through the prairie section so far mainly with the proceeds of
Bales of town lots. Its land grant, selected in the fertile belt of the rich
North- West, is of as great value as the entire grant contemplated by
either the Allan contract or the Railwciy Act of 1874, located, as those
grants would have been, in a large degree in British Columbia and
east of the Red River, where the lands are comparatively worthless.
Its grants from the Government in the various forms above named
will prove to be at least three times as great in value as the cost of the
road it is to build. It will, by the use of the people's money, blindly
bestowed upon it by an infatuated Tory Government, become a rail-
way monopoly controlling almost the entire railway system of the
Dominion, and with powers so vast as to endanger the free institutions of
this country. It is an American corporation, with its headquarters at
St. Paul, and prosecutes its operations with the aiil of an American
euperintf^ndent, American engineers, American contractors and Auieri-
no.
4
^ouJd have crossod tluf "*"''''» "n^' Sonth-Fnlf rl'"" 'Access to a
an air lino to Duh 4 ^/.'""'''•^''.V lino at En orsoi '^'''] ^^"■^''"'^y, which
;;;«y outlet for tho i^orth r"?'"'^ 'f ^^'''^ P S ed 1?*^ '*'"""«'«'' ^ h
twn lor the business off, '^''^ '''^"'J liavj I 3 ''"*' « s'^cond rail
Sreat advantage o?'f,°f,,;'^ ^''^/l^'T would havoL"'""'^^'',""^' «^>mp^ i-
"MV of the°Syndw' ' '''"/,^"«'"ness men t M. ^r''^'^'''^h'-^<i to the
injustice of the S """'Vtilion ol riv. ;^?,"'°"' "Jrantamresn f
apparent with„^,Jt«7-co uf the SottSScCS^^lt
to three times trreater +h ^i '" various forni.Tn *^^"* ^f the peo-
^enefit, possesses aireadw'^' ^""reamountTt * 11? ''^*T' ^'^^ ^^o
Government as its too? fl P'^^^«r and the Zufi ''^^"'^ ^o^ its own
tool it is able wif K . ' ,*"'* *^at through the ,• ' • *P "^^ke use of thif
I to tako
ate the
flap niifl
lifest a
peoj)]e
ij,' the
to the
It and
8 to a
ivhich
with
rai!-
peti-
othe
Qoti-
Tlie
aiul
le of
iate
i of
ent
I of
led
:ou
It.
He
he
Je
provinces, and within an extensive re-ion' of country to .leiirive
the^ settler of hi.s riylit to the soil whicli I lie law of ("nnaJa ^ivfa to
A BRAVE TIGHT AGAINST HEAVY ODDS
,, *y "P^''Vl^s of one mouth from the day fDoeomhor 10th, ISS'J)
the I ttcific Railway contract M-as hii.l u;,„n the tal.lo of tlio Cnunwmi
until the day (January 27th, LnSI) the iJil I was carried by the si.
ficryient Tory majority, Mr. Blako, with hi. devoted .upi.orter.s. fou.'l t
It inch by inch. Speech after Hpeech wa.s ma.lo against it, and re.oT i
tion alter resolution moved against it. On tlie •2(ith of Jaimarv no less
than seven and on the 27th no le.^s than twentv, amendments were
ottered to the main niotion to reud t!ie Syndic.U. Bill a second time
Ah that the assanlts of the Opposition on the tloor of Parliament and
m the press could do, was done ; but Sir Charles Tupper, the hero of
such railway legislation from his political youth ui>, was able to whin
m followers into line, and compel them to vote with such uuanimitv
tliat not one araeiidraent was carried through. ^
Mr. Blake and public opinion, which was clearly at his back di,)
force the Syndicate to oiler several modifi.:atious in their dem'u?,!.
which were even then too ontrageou.s to be ].atientlv considered bv the
tax-payers ot this cnuitr^-, who shuuld r.seut the legalizLcl robbe v
and oppression, which are and will be the results of this iufumous let
I K
Pfliicy.
SpecDlators aid M Mkn Taken Uiiler tie Pro-
teclioD of tie Tory GoTerniDeiil
The Land Shark gets his Land at Half Price, and
the hardy Son of Toil is handed over
to his Tender Mercies.
popular .„d lw,HT,Ut'"^Hlltloi:liZs'Sj:r? ''^'"^ "
region we have a vaa^ Pxr,«nTJ\f t l-i ^ f, taken, for in that
ritoce forls oSSmS V^°", '"'I fU-V "Tord tha means orS
A WISE AND LZBERAI. POLICY
sideration of theG^yemm^ilfT.^^^''^
demanding the attentSnrthfi pi. J '."•'' '^^^^'^ ^"«**^"^ ^ow
The first and CmostreaailitP-rf?'""^^^ J? «f as great moment.
countrv the mere speculator will contribute very little. The Rain
he raftkes in land speculations merely represonts the loss sustained
by the farmers who are compelled to purchase his lands at a great
advance upon Govern ment price.
THE RAPID SXTTLEMrr'<T OF THE NORTH-WK8T
can best be secured by a liberal homestead law, and by offering such
lands as are not set apart fur honifutuads at reasonable prices to actual
sdtlers. To sell such lands in \inlimited cpiautities to speculators,
whose purpose is to pounce upon and make the settlers pay a heavy
advance upon the Government price, is raot^t unwise and unjust, and
must seriously retard settlement. To otter special inducements to
speculattirs by selling public lands to them at a lower price than is re-
quired of the actual settlor is worse tiuui tinjust, and shoidd bo con-
demned at the polls by every patriotic Canadian. The Government
should allow no middleman to como between itself and the actual
occupant of the soil. The public lands are the heritage of the people,
and ought to be managed by the Government in their interest.
THE WZLD SPECULATION
now rampant in the North- West bodes no good to this country. It
has alreatly reached the proportions of a mania, and must inevitably
end in a collapse more or less severe. A similar land speculation
fever in the United States in 183.') .and 3 830 was largely instrumental
in bringing about the crisis of 1837, which completely prostrated pub-
lic and private credit. The course of the Macdonald Administration
in adding fuel to the flame of this furious land craze, by affording
unprecedented facilities for the wildest land speculations, is one of its
greatest sins. Already millions of acres which should have been care-
fully reserved for the actual settler have been placed in the grasp of
speculative companies on terms practically amounting to sales at half
price, and these companies will inevitably exact from the actual settler
the uttermost farthing that it is possibljQ to obtain. As
ACTUAL SETTLEMENT ALONE CAN DEVELOP THE COUNTHY,
the Gt ■ iment should make every effort to secure a large immi-
gration of bona fide settlers, and it can well afford to make its policy a
liberal one. The mere question of the amount of revenue to be de-
rived is of minor importance. A liberal Canadian policy towards
settlers becomes doubly necessary from the course pursued by the
Government of the United States. That country has vast tracts of
wild land open for settlement. It fully realizes the importance of in-
ducing settlement, and its policy towards actual settlers is a most
enlightened one. If we are to compete with that country in securing
the rapid settlement of our public lands we must make our policy at
least as liberal as theirs is. Our own policy as compared with theirs
is not sufficiently liberal.
THE TWO POLICIES CONTRASTED.
In the United States all unappropriated public land is open for
homestead ; in the Canadian North- West, four sections in each township
are reserved for the Hudson's Bay Company and for school purposes,
and sixteen sections for railway grants, or for sale. Only eight sections
in each Unmship of thirty-six sections aie available for homesteads, or less
than one fourth of the whole. In the United States all unappropri-
ated lands are open for pre-emption ; in the North- West only eight
sections in each Township of thirty-six sections are available for that
iiii,.ti . rf 'v v<ni, HI fiin |(l()iimi|.,, ,,( .1,1 "^ ' " I" t\ -roup
ctMnitrvrocoUMl;, ^ "'' *l'o «l'oc.,I,.it,„s ,in.| lan.l - ..".n ''"i'"'''""»-
ACRKS IIO.MSTKADEI) IN CAXADA.
J&::.: j^?.^;?
1880.. 2':;'^7'
^^^^ 'W8,707
ACRKS H(,M,.:sri:A„ED ij,. .THE
I'MTKD STATK.S.
l^'^S r; •!«« -"-o
m,s() ^"'~^«,7«5
i„s H.'J;<8,7;}5
Total iicreago... l,58;j,28;{ r.., ^
From tl.is it will 1>,. , .1 . ■"*"'''^'''^^fe'«--'!>,3itJ,l!n»
h.>n.eston.l «o,t^i' ^X^hVf *'^^ ^^"•"^•' «^'^^- *!- rate of
over ei;irhtfeii times L-ivih, ?) ^'*"'" >'^''^'"' '"i.s l.foi. • f, f •
Elates than in Can,,,!,,. "'> '"'•'™ '"""« fixator in tlio r„£j
In 18-0 T;*""*" '" '"'' ™"=» "ATKS.
s!^^ri -)--- HIS ;r T
PITPUL AND VACILLATING.
»5mce dill V 1st m^Q t
t
i
i
1
I
6
c
c
s
o
fi
6J
Pacific Raihvay, dosipnaloM as BeltH A, P. 0, D mul E • ^ho fir,t S
INDUC.M.NTS TO «J™E1« JS^COMPARED WITH THIC
Sfafol",.!^"!^ ^ iH.meston.ls were n.,t Petmitte.l, wliile in the Tiiitod
I lowo 1 On?^,)" f n'u'''{ '''',"" J" ^^"-' U'"^^'^ StatL IGO acres are
allowed. OutHirl,. if Bolt A only 8 sections in a t(.wns|,i„ woiv on n
prt-emnttr Tiul il^f'H'?^' uut reserved for homestead aS
di-S Lv„ *''^.^"'^'^'^ States, public lands situated the sanie
g n.ls lov -ale up,,,, „ |,ay,„..„t „r o„e.to,tl, ,l„„„ ,m, °tl o ba 'i
THIS POLICY LASTED SEVENTY-FIVE DAYS.
1^'Jl'^ regulations of July ytli remuine<l in force iron, Aurrust l,t
18/9, to October 14th, 187!), wlion thev w.t.j ronl..,.o,l l.,, i .• '
which made a change in thc'conduion? o? ii^mS^'lr^trS; d^ir
emj-tion ent>>ies by allowing grants an.l entries „f 1( o ' " S 1 . \Z
nn f^ i -f ;• ^f;«t",^tions as to lands the settler coul.l enter
and the evils ot credit sales were continued ; and in Belts JiC an D
^AM^r"'"' "^^''^'■f' *he actual settler continued to be / L 75 ^v" E
ktates for lands similarly situated. Under these re.n,latio s Cln
lators, with heir command of caj-ital and sui)erior nieans o nS.i ti,i^^^
fcS^ '^'' '"'"''' "'l^ r^*'•^^^^« «f ^'^"^l ^^'^^'^ bought WhS
§1 and ^2 per acre, much of which has since been (,a}1\ tn ?i.I i
Better at from Bo toBlO Ver acre. These^egulatbns r ahied n1 rcl
about a year and a half, and it was natural that the illibeJal terms ?o
settlers, as compare.I with those of the United States -.n 1 Ih r ■
T'T ^^^^ ""' ^'" speculators, shouUrind alnS iflt ^u^te?;^'
thirds of the Canadians who were seeking homes west of OntarioT
M^iS; Sr""^' ''^"^^^^^' ^"^ ^^^- AiueiSnlfar^'o^a
THK THIRD [SERIES OP REGULATIONS
was issued by the Department of the Interior Undpr f>.nrv, a-.
Gales ceased, but the same conditions were conthmed as To Z',f
open to homestead and pre-emption entrv The nr?, p nf ^^"'^''
c aims and public lands within VXay belts 24 m e fn xvi^ft'^'P^^"?
side of projected raihvay lines was fiSd at*|2 50 p ? acre ThT^.^
of pre-emption claims and public lands outside of the Suwav b«U^ ^
fixed at $2 per acre, or 75 cents per acre higher than ^^'^^*3^ felts was
situatiou in the U.ited Bta... "H S^?h'f pS^L^"* ■ItZ"'!
)^
10
way belt, except thoseifor raUw^^Sante^^^^^^^ the rail-
Bay reserves. The right of the seufer ;. Sf^^T,^*""'^"' ""^ Hudson
emption reserves rested, however imnn *K *^-^ ho.neste8<l and pre-
any time be withdmwA and sold at auctiJn tTJ""^"""?"' ^^^^^^ ^t
ever, will be chiefly rememberpd in .1 ^"^^^ regulations, how-
new and more perfect plan to ^°"«^q"^«'^e of the invention of a
Tl,.. ^^^f"^ '•as POOR AND FAVOR THE Rirw
bIock?J?roTn^Sr;raK^^^^^^^^^ 7 corporatiolrp'J-reha,.. i.
of the railway beL, .mmmrir/ri'o'L'c?^ f '^t^-^ «»t^de
half price, or |1 per acre, upon the condt Ln • '' •^*''^' township, at
each odd-numSered section,Cl a seu£ ZnV'T'I!^ *^" settlers on
three years, with the right o take rmXZ "nf ^*^"'f tead within
the amount of 1500 fo? advances t^^eh£.^^®**'^, ^°^"^stead to
expiration of three vears the Ldiv dui T '''^ ''"^«^'- ^^ «t the
place the requisite number of settlpi 1 ^ company had failed to
inent could either resum^ possess fnoTtl?''' *^' ^'"^'' ^^« ^e-^vem!
jng a per acre, in which cTe the fn3 v duaf^Jr' '' '"""' *^^ ^«"^'^"'-
the advantage of three years' credit nmnZ.h Z '^'"P'^^y ^om have
w^t</iOM< in<erefi<. Under thi/ nK , 1?^! T'^"^' ''•^ ^^' intvchase monc,
dual or a company rnigL%f^2l\:Zn:\fZV *''' ^'^ ^^^^^-
chase ,n the townships within the Lilwav belt! ft p^^^^n^^nt, pur-
pre-emption claims, amounting to <^ i9ff • ^'^"'^^ reserved for
«1 25 per acre being or^Sfi^^^^' L'VaS 'S/''? *r°^^^P' ^^
the condition that 32 settlers ghoiildvl ^r'^S'e'i ''^« «<:<wai settler, on
32 settlers upon the land of the U Ih idK ?'° ^«'"««teads,'and
years of the date of agreement the Tn li 11^, i "''"^P^^y within three
purchase beins allowed to Se f^So mnT^ °^ company making the
for advances or loans Tl,«^.t ,1 ^ "mortgage upon each homestead
land that shonuT^oul^l^JZZ::^^'' 'i *.^ ?^ «"^«"^^'
32 tenants were placed unon thL^^i ^,.*° ^^^^ ^^ the settlers • if
would be Mmiek.v2Tt^r2^^^ of settlement
the railway belts devoted to pre-emption conii^K^ ^n townships within
hay'.prrce, and if at the expiration o'tJhreeea^ Tl. fi^ecutoem at
ditions had not been complied with ihXZ l^ *^^ settlement con-
consent of the GovernmenrcS'plvl I25T' "P"" ^^*^'"'"ff th.
interest, and take out the deed Under thiffn "'1? T^^^' without
scheme corrupt influences miffht ea.il v?« t f;called colonization
mg allotment., and in getti^<^^?ie pe JiiVinn'"^-^^?"'^^ ^"^ «^«"r-
waive tlie forfeiture clause at%h8 end Tf. ""* ^^^ Government to
ment of the regular pr c^lf comlitln! ^^^^M^^'^ and accept pay-
complied with, aUoth'^Sters ^S^rm^^^^^^^ ^^' f«^
Interior. On the aSrd December! ^68 1, " ^ ^'''*'*'' *^^ ^^^^
wa. issued™nd''^t™ !^!ff ^'f*'^ M«I«.ATIONS
vide that the pubUriand^sV!^^ NorSwS 1^%?^, '^l^^- P^-
deeignated as follows : ^^ortn-West shall be classifiea and
by Order.m.Co,mcil published in SetWa^Se "'''■''''• "'''"^"^
pre-emption
lin the rail-
nd Hudson
<l and pre-
}ure of the
il, could at
ttions, how-
ention of a
H.
?urchast: in
003 outside
)wn8hip, at
settlers on
ead within
Tiestead to
If at the
1 failed to
2 Govem-
e remain-
ould have
■ase moneij
an indivi-
lent, pur-
served for
'nship, at
tettler, on
eads, and
hin three
iking the
omestead
nount of
;tlers ; if
ttlement
'S within
'lators at
ent con-
ling the
without
nization
n secur-
nent to
spt pay-
ot been
r of the
se pr-o-
3d and
of the
of any
proved
A
w 4
..
11
T, S'^lf C— Embracing all lauds south of the main lino of the Canada*
racinu Kail way not included in classes A and B.
Class D— All lands other than those in classes A, B and C.
Under these regulations homesteads and pre-emptions are re-
Btricted as before to 16 sections in each township ; pre-empiions and
public lands are held in class C at double the price of public lands in
the United States similarly situated outside of railway belts, while
pre-emptiono and public lauds in Class D aie 75 cents per acre higher..
AT THE MERCY OP THE MINISTER.
Under these regulations homestead and pre-emption settlers have
no security that their privileges will be continued or their rights re-
garded. They are placed at the mercy of any whim or caprice of the
Minister of the Interior, tcho may at. his sovereign pleamre make the
homestead xirovlnions of the Dominion Land Act a dead letter. Sub-
section C of section 2 of the regulations gives him power to withdraw-
homestead and pr<--emption lands from settlement, and offer them for ■
eale in such towj ps as he may choose, at public auction. A part
or section 24 of the Dominion Land Act of 1882 contains the
following :
" Provided also that, except in special cases, where otherwise ordered
by tne Governor-m-Council, no sale to one person shall exceed a section
or SIX hundred and forty acres." ""
Under this innocent-looking paragraph the Government assumes -
the power to sell at its pleasure, to companies or individuals, un-
limited quantities of public lands, including the homestead f^nd pre-
emption reserves in class D.
THE SPECULATOR MADE LORD OP THE NORTH-WEST.
These regulations are remarkable for having introduced undei
the names of Colonization Plans Nos. 1 and 2 the most complete and
villainous scheme ever devised in America for making the hardy
pioneer and settler the prey of that natural enemy of all new com-
munities— the land-shark. Under Plan No. 1 agreements may be
made with any company or persons, to be called "the partv," for the
sale oi the public lands in class D not open to homestead and pre-
emption, amounting to 10,240 acres in each township and without
restriction as to extent, at ^2 per acre, payable one-fifth down and the
balance m four equal annual instalments without interest, excei^t-
upon past due instalments.
PLAYING INTO THE HANDS OP "THE PARTY."
^^u * *hie expiration of five years " the party " places 32 settlers
upon the 32 homesteads in a township, and 32 settlers upon its own
lands, It IS to be entitled to a rebate of <..:.e-half the price of the land
and to receive its tract at $1 per acre. It may also advance to each,
homestead settler ^00, and take a mortgage upon his 160 acres for
that amount. Tn each year a rebate of $120 is granted for each bona
./ide settler placed on the tract during that year ; and at the expiration
of the five years, if the whole number of 32 homestead and 32 other
settlers have not been placed in a township, "the party" is entitled tc
receive a rebate of $160 for each settler so placed. If the homestead
settler does not take entry for the pre-emption lot to which he is-
entitled, "the party or company may, within three montliH after the-
settler s right has lapsed, purchase the same. The regulations alscy
12
provide that, if » the nirf v » o^ «
«i«i and fleal with " the nirtv » „, , •> ®">"'^l "'<-' snlo of the
^tanca. This 8o-«alle!l C L. 1 17 """ »««' ""J»'- «■» ci^um!
CONCEIVE., .K THE INTEREST OF SPECULATOR,
•objections : "^'" "^ *"""d "peu to the I'oliov.in.r
uore while the actual settled- must |aV?9^•^^■"^ ^^ ^^ ^«"t« Per
of the same character ^^^ ^^ ^" '^^^h Per acre for lands
foL^S^nZ^t!^]^ tr ^^^ *-^* '^* ^''^If price by
3. It enables the si ecnMn?f • ' "' '"'^"^'^ ^"^ ^'^"'^■< /^"y 4 S
reserved for the actt.ar:: w'^^i/'^th^ttKr'!/" ^--"p'io^clS
elapse before availing, himself of l\.ri.it" °^'' ^^'"'^^ "^^^^^^^ t<^
;nfl.^i for y^^^^^t:^^ Sfe"P* P-*-- - the sale of
the Minister of the Interior of .fnituve^ o h?', ^7'^: ^" *'^^ ^'"^^^^ of
the temj.tati.m of havin-v a va n^ 1 • i ^''"•''^^^ *" -""^^J^ct him to
ciaion in favor of apiikants' 'consideration offered for his de-
A GROSS OUTRAGE.
astroust"n2!^,rel^,i;^^pjJ^^^jJ^r| t^ v.ork i«ost mischievous and dis-
degree of mischief. Under this'iiin nZf ""^ ,^^«^f king a still greater
stead lands, and all the 4e e„ 't ,„ ^ ^ ^^"^^1° ^f^ds, a// the\ome-
class D, to he limited onhfln T^ T^^r^./ "' l^^^f' of townships in
sold to speculators at .4 per acre v f o "'''• '■" ^''^^'■^'"•'^'^^, miy be
per acre at the expirati^/ of five Uar \? U^^l" ^T *^' l'^'"' '^ ^'
in each township a portion of which relntt TT ^'""T ^'^ P^^^^^^
each settler place.l during tie v^,r ^I'k "^?/f^t« /^ ^^120 for
Under this plan the homesteaJrfnl n .• ^^ ^'""^^ ^''''^ annuallv.
ship is sweptaway.a^n/^ffSLTwf; '"!'')'"'' ^'^"^"''^ ^^ each towA-
•except the two school sections and tu^w / ^n ^"""^^ ^"^ ^ township
^icres in each townsliip ?uTof a tot a o ' o^^^^^^ 0^20,480
condition as to the amoun ot^ ami hat 13?^^ T^?' ^^^''' ^ "«
the 128 who are to be introductunto p 'h . ^' ^-^^ *° ^ '^^tler, and
•a gnmp on su.all holcungs i one co er of fC^'^'^ ?"^ ^' ^'^■'''^ ^^
be ^ew^u^s s»7yec< <o e«zc!/o/i «?//,?>, f/; /^; t'^^^fhr , or they may
f^o 2 great llnded e^b^:: ct 1 1 mtd'wi SiK V^'^^P^'™
bodies ot great size evpn ,-f +1,^ ^^ ' ^h the lands m solid
-ith,andfhe lam s^utVe i iT Tl n^?' ''"^It"^ ^^« '^^^^^^^
retain the title to the whot of h s Tuid ? \ 'f *^? Purchaser may
^servants and tenants, may oUabtt Se ofl'l p^er^T" ^" '^"-"^
THE LAND SHARK'S PROFITS
..* .,u™.,„a«e™ of U. I.^d iu eaa.^1,;!^, SriS tS,' cSl^
.
he conditions
^e sale of the
1' the circum-
PORS.
ctnal settler.
!ie foil
OV.Ulg
nse tracts of
■iO cents per
are for lands
alf price by
n easy con-
payinfull.
t'tion claims
uiontlis to
1 the sale of
ii3 hands of
•jt'ct him to
for his de-
ls and dis-
till greater
! the home-
fvnshij^s in
't^ may be
ibate of ^1
sen placed
f ai20 for
annually,
ach town-
great land
township
or 20,480
here is no
ttler, and
placed in
they may
tider plan
in solid
complied
Lser may
: in farm
isily per-
the sale
ives hiui
res, cost-
is
ing nothing. If the entire tract is sold at $2 per acre it leaves a profit
of 100 per cent. ; if at $3 per acre the profit is 200 percent. ; if at S4
per acre the profit is SOO per cent,
TWO SCHEMES WORTHY OP FEUDAL DAYS.
Schemes such as the so-called Colonization Plans No. 1 and No. 2
are worthy of the feudal days, when the tiller of the soil was a vassal
or a common chattel belonging, like any other beast of burden, to liis
landlord. They do not belong to a civilized land or a progressive
age. They are framed in the interest of speculation alone. They
trample upon the rights of the only class which can found communi-
ties and develop the resources of Canada. They were conceived and
ehapen in inirpiity and brought forth in sin, and the Government
guilty of such a crime deserves the scorn of every honest man, and
especially of him who tills the soil or earns his bread by the sweat of
his brow, for it is his dearest interests that have been sold to political
favorites and conscienceless land gamblers,
WHAT HAS ALREADY BEEN DONE.
Already 7,000,000 acres of land have been granted, and applications-
for 3,000,000 more have been agreed to. These grants under Plan
No, 1 would absorb all the public lands not reserved for homestead and
pre-emption in 978 townships. Under Plan No. 2 it would take all the
public lands, thehomestcad lands, and the pre-emption lands in 4S9 town-
ships. The effect of thiscoui'se upon immigration into the North- West
in the near future will be disastrous. The settlers now flocking into
that country will find no available lands for sale. Under Plan No. 1
it will be found that landed com|)anies control all the accessible lands-
except the homestead and pre-emption reserves, and there is no guaran-
tee that the last refuge of the actual settler vrill not be swept away by
selling homestead and pre-emption reserves at auction to the greedy
friends of the Government— the grasping speculators. Aside from pre-
emption claims the settler will find
SCARCELY AN ACRE OF LAND FOR SALE
at Government prices. The speculator has bought it at half price,
and will sell to the settler at a hundred per cent, advance, or as much
more as he can get from him. So great an outrage upon those who
emigrate to the North-West for the purpose of securing land and mak-
ing themselves homes has fortunately been hitherto unknown in the
legislation of Anglo-Saxon states,
TIMBER LIMITS AND PASTURE LEASES.
Not alone in its management of the agricultural lands of the North-
West is the policy of the Macdonald Government open to grave objec-
tion. Valuable timber limits may be let to political favorites without
competition or public sale, and pasture leases of immense tracts of
lands for cattle-ranches may be disposed of in the same improper
manner,
THC TRUE POLICY.
The public lands should be held by the Government as the heritage
of the hardy :eT>. who reclaim and till them, and who, in doing so, are
compelled to Iriive the dangers and privations of the wilderness. If
tlie lands are sold they should be sold to the actual settler at first cost,
and no middleman should be allowed to come between the Govemmenfc
14
first coat. = '""" "' " '««>''J' advance uDon the
THE POSITION OF THE LIBEBAI. PABTY.
the^ffio t„a?"5';S D'o.tr'lS SUeJaY 'tT'^' -'«»'» -
«iUivocal and stalcsmanlike prWon it ^i'','"'''' '^ ''''•» '"' """
^.^.^d heHta^e in the ruSdtaif 1 Sir tlVTrr^-'^^^f
.pec^.teoraThfe'"""'™" '""""' "'"'''" '^'•™»»'>1 'land,,o
.ataL''^""-"^ ^*^ " -•-'"'«' «° create in Canada great landed
.urste^rii'tifhtaJl'"'™'™ *"' '™-' «^*- which i, the
uito the coffers of the land-grabhers ' ""= J'ference going
heiteroTtiVprpfe't tKe'iSV"" ''"'™ "^ """*- ta-
followers and gamblers. * °' ° »mparativcly few camp-
TBE LESSONS OP A CaWTVRV
enlighi^LTsSSSrthtVn-SXttl'X^^^^^ ""''^ "- «■=
of nearly a century in the management of ™ St i' j"' «« ^''Penence
■8 Bubstantially the same as that ofbolh th.?i!^ f '^i''- "» P"'"™
States, as well as the WortinomW. it • ^?'Pi»-'iesof the United
2 1880, the Repnbli'can Co'nvSn £"essil n'or"""^'. °» '""^
foUowjng a, a part of its platform Chicago, adopted the
any rlKro^^h*!; XorXr^"'*^ P"'"" ->»■»«■■ "-M ■« mad,.,
»lely, anV'p-ubKdt SyseSi?^."'" "="" *" ^"Mio purpose.
.asr&lL^^lt^nTtlTr?"^^
Th.. ..™" '"»«*' «>"CV FOUMULATBD.
pithily e7pSed)^ fe. Bhke1n''5,?dl ^"""r "^ "««« ™
opening of the late Sesln : ■ '?.k*° H„rt ^ ™ ..^^ Addre.,; at the
ailopted year by year for the North-Wes? h„ T. ' X° ™<'' "« •""»
-.0 Committee oflTply, S reTfot ot*; :^'°"'^ «"«^ '»^ ^
ease his hard-
mce upon the
r.
s* interests in
taken an iin-
i unmeasured
the chicanery
people their
lory (Joveru-
sts of specu-
^d democratic
XTal lands to
great landed
which is the
5 pay vastlv
erence aoin<y
o O
priceless in- '
' few camp-
'y takes the
t experience
Its position
the United
On June
adopted the
be made to
on in Cin-
c purposes
ted States
people, for
15
>
Mr. Charlton moved in amendment, that Mr Si)eaker do not now
eave the chair, but that it be
Resolved, — That the present Land Regulations provide that odd-
numbered sections in the Canadian Norih-West, outside of the Canadian
Pacific Railway Belt, shall be open to sale without conditions of settlement.
That the so-called Colonization Plan No. 1, provides that parties may
purchase large tracts of land on credit at $2 per acre, with a proviso for the
rebate of one-half of the price on certain conditions, thus reducing the cost
to $1 per acre ; or one-half the price charged to individual settlers for their
pre-emptions, or other purchases in odd sections.
That the so-called Colonization Plan No. 2, provides that parties may
purchase large tracts embracing all the Government lands within their area
(from which homestead and pre-emption settlers are thus to be excluded),
paying $2. per acre, without any cypress conditions of forfeiture in case of
non-settlement, and with the additional advantages of a large rebate,
amounting under certain conditions to ^1 per acre from the price, in case
the purchasers choose to effect a so-called settlement within each township,
but without any provision as to the acreage to be given, or the interest to
be secured to each so-called settler.
That these regnlations are calculated injuriously to affect the future of
the country by facilitating the creation of large landed estates, by placing
extended areas of the choicest lands in the hands of speculators, who have
favorable opportunities of securing them in anticipation of the settler, and
who may hold tliem for a large advance to be paid by the ultimate settler,
whereby the country will gain nothing in price, and will lose throiTgh the
diminished ability of the settler to contribute to the public revenues.
That in the opinion of this House, our kim should be to people the
agricultural regions of the North- West with independent freeholders,
each cultivating his own farm, and paying therefor no more than the public
treasury receives ; and that, save in the case of town plots, or other excep-
tional cases, the sale of North- West agricultural lands should, as a rule, be
made to actual settlers only, on reasonable conditions of settlement, and ia .
<[uantitie8 limited to the area which can be reasonably occupied by a settler.
The motion was lost on a strictly party vote. Yeas (Liberals), 47 ;
Nays (Tories), 112.
ibject was
ss, at the
' we have
> FOR THB
rth in the
2- htr M~
ley to go