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32X

REPRESENTATION

OF TllK

I.OU'DS (M)MMISSI()Ni:i{S VOW TUADh AND Pr.ANTATlONS

TO THE KING,

IN TllK

sTATi: OF Tin; ivitnisii colonies

NORTH AMERICA.

1 Ilo»f.l of Tra.lo. ri». (IfUl. iK), N.>. 3-; King's M»., -.'iS, p. 1,

-.#♦-

1721.

WEKD, PAKSO.\> >V ( o., ALliA.W.
1854.

REPRESENTATION

UPON THE

STATE OF HIS MAJESTY'S COLONIES

IN NORTH AMOtlCA.

-•••-

TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY.

May it please your Majesty.

In obedience to your Majesty's commands, we have prepared the following state of your
Majesty's IMantations on the (-ontiiient of America; wlierein we have distinguished their
respective situations, Governments, strengtlis and Trade, and have observed of what
importance their commerce is to (Jreat Britain, whereunto having added an account of the
French settlements -nd of the encroachments thoy have made in your Majesty's colonies in
those parts ; we have humbly proposed such methods, as may best prevent the increase of an
evil, which, if not timely prevented, may prove destructive to your Majesty's interest ; and
have likewise oflered such considerations, as, in our opinion, may contribute to the improving
and enlarging your Majesty's dominions in America.

Your Majesty's plantations on the Continent of America, beginning from the North, are
Nova Scotia, New Hampshire, Massachusets, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New
Jersey, Pensylvania, Maryland Virginia, & Carolina.

And although Newfoundland, and Hudson's IJay are both of them parts of your Majesty's
Territories in North America, yet neither of them being a Colony under civil Government, or
lying contiguous to your Majesty's other Plautations on the continent, we have made no
mention of them in this represention.

lii'jircscutation on the

NOVA SCOTIA.

Nova Scotia, as nppoars I)y flic Patent uraiitcd I)y ymir Maji'sty's Ffoyal jirtMlorcHSor

King Jaiiu's tlic rirst to Sir Wiilinin Ali'Mind.-i- (alti'iwanls civatiMi I'.ail of Slcrlinp) I ring

date till' ID'hol'ScpttMiihiT Kit.' I, contains all llic lands and Islands, lying witliin flio promontory,
foninionly callfd Cape SaMcs, Ix'ing in I'orty tlirtc dcgrt'cs ot' \()rtli l.atilndf, or llii'n'alionts,
tluMii'c wt'stt'riy to the iSay, cunnnonly calli'd Si Mary's i'.ay, iV from tln'ncc Nor'lu'rly in a
straight lint- liy the mouth ol that great I'.iiy (which rniis easterly up the Conntry, i\ divides
tile two nations called Suri(piois iV Ktichiniiii s) to the ri\er Sidnt Croix, thence westerly to
tlip iicad of that liiver, thence northerly to '.lie next hay. which discharges itself in the Kiver
S' I^awrence; thence l'',asterly along the cim-I to flic l>ay of t laspe. thence soulh-easterly (o the
Bncalio Islands, or Cape iirelon. \- leaving' i! :il island en the riulit, and the ( iidpli ol S' Lawrence
& Newfoundland, and tlie Islands theretn liilniigiiig on tli-' left, thence to Cape llrclcni. in (he
liatitude of J-'j degrees, or tliereahouis, theiice South we.sl to Cape Sables again.

^^'e have made use of this ancient Charier fixing the houndaries of Nova Scotia, hecause tiie
french are daily setting up new pretensions i.) a \ery ureal pai'l of this i'rii\ince alllio' the I •.'"'
article of the treaty concluded at I'ireclit. r\pressly provides, that No\ a Scotia shall he uivcn
np with its Ancient i)oundaries, & nolhim: :< excepted (int of thi* cession iiut Ca|)e i'.retoii,
& the other Islands, lying in the mouth ol llie river of Saint liawrence, \- the Cnlpli ot the
same name.

The (iovernnient of this province, hoth Civil &• >iilitary, is entindy in your .Majesty; i)nt as
tiiere are hitiierto only two or three i'.nLrli^h families si'ttled here, i)esides the Carrison of
Annapolis, there is very little room for tic exercise of Civil Covcrnno'iit ; neither lias your
Majest}' any revenue in this Country, the lands not heini: vet jieopleil, iV irranted out upon (piit
rents, as in the other Colonies. 'I'here are two Towns in this i'rovince, besides Annapolis ;
Minas, &■ ,'>heganektoo, hoth settled hy Ireneli iidiahitaiits, ahoiit •J'lHU jiersoiis in nnmher, wiio
liave remained there t^ver since the cession of this Cdunlrv to i ler late Miijeslv, iuit are entindy
in tile fronch interest, tV hy iheir conmuuiieanon \- inlerniarriages with the neighlioring Indians
have gained them to their party'; wherehy liiey are enahled upon any occasion to euL'age the
said Indians in a war against your Majesty's Suhjects. &.- hy some late accounts from Nova Scotia,
there is too much reason to believe, that tiiev do, at this pres^Mit jniicturc, use their endeavours
to instigate the said indians against the (larrison of Anuapoiis, iV others vour .Majesty's
8ui)jects fishing at ("an<;o, vV upon the Coast of Nova .S'otia.

The little trade, derived in this Country at present, is eniirely in the hands of these french
inhabitants. It consists chielly in lish, wliicli is more plentiful here, than on any other roast
of America; they have likewise some furrs \- Cattle, hut whatever products or Merchandize
the french inhabitants liave to dispose of, is transported hy them either to Cape IJreton, (iuelu'C,
or directly to France, which is to the prejudice of Creat liritain; for which reason, as well as
many others, it is absolutely necessary for your .Majesty's service, that these f'remdi inhabitants
should he removed; for it is not to be exp.-cted, that they will ever become good std>jects to
Your Majesty, & there is all the reason in tlie world to apprehend, that, upon any rupture
between the two Crowns, they may opi'iily declare in liivour of franco.

It was provided by the Treaty of Utrecht, tliat the Crenel, inhabitants of Nova Scotia sliouid
have a year allowed tiiem to remove from thence, with their elTects; but they have iong since
lapsed tiiat time, & sucii as remained beyond it were, by tiie said Treaty, to become subjects

State of this Colonies. T)

to H(«r Into Majesty; lint tlicae people, \w'\\\\r influenced hy their Priests, have hitherto
uniuiiinoiiHly refused to take the oaths of Allej;ian(e to your Majesty, unless they may he
allowed an exeeption in favour of France, which would render their engagements to your
Majesty entirely inetleetual.

Hut as we foresaw, that dilliculties were likely to arise upon this suhject, so in the
instructions which wv prepared (or('oIonel I'hilipps, Your Majesties (Jovernor of this I'rovince,
a provision was made for this Case, & he is enjoined to proliihit the said french inhahitants
refusinji to lake the <>.iths, the iiherty of lishiiiu; on the (Coasts, and to prevent their removing
their eilects, till your Majesty's further pleasure shall he known; & considering their behaviour,
we are of opinion it will bu for your Majesty's service that they should he ordered to quit
the I'rovince.

But as to their eU'ects, in regard of the friendship subsisting between the two Nations,
provided the said Krench inhahitants do leave their immovable efVects, such ns Barns, &
dwelling bouses, in good condition, we should humbly conceive, they might by your Majesty's
special <!race and favour, be allowed to carry oti, to such place as they shall think most
convenient, all their moveables.

Upon their removal this I'rovince will become almost entirely unpeopled; and as it is the
Northern frontier to your Majesty's Colonies, we think it is of the highest consequence, that
the samt> should be settled as soon as possible: which reason, we would humbly propose to
your Miijesty. the sending tour Kegiments thither; and altho' we are sensible of the expence
this would occasion for some time to tJreat Britain, yet we believe, the same will not be
thought unreasonable, considering the inclination the french have shewn to enctoach upon
your Majesty's frcnitiers in these parts, the great strength they have at Cape iireton, in the
neighbourhood of thi.4 I'rovince, which will he increased by the removal of the frenca
inhabitants iroin Nova ."^cotia, (altho' that will be a much less evil than sutl'ering them to remain
where they are,) and that uo other way, so speedy as this, can be proposed for peopling
of Nova Scotia.

We are likewise of opinion, that all due encouragement should be given lo such of your
Majestv's subjects, as shall he willing to settle in this I'rovince; and that your Majesty's
(Jovernor may be enabled to pursue his Instructio)'.:^ upon this head, we take the liberty to lay
before Your Majesty the necessity there is, that \ ur Majesty's Surveyor CJeneral of the woods
should be tbrthwith ordered to repair to Nova Scotia there to set apart "J 00, 000 Acres in certain
tracts of Land, contiguous to the Sea Coast or Navigable rivers, proper for producing of masts
& other timber for tiie service of your Majesty's Itoyal Navy; for after this shall be done, &
not before, the said Governor is empowered by his Instructions, to make Grants of land in
small parcels, under the (iuit rent reserved to your Majesty of one shilling, or three pounds of
hemp for the service of your Royal Navy, for every fifty Acres.

If this Country was well settled, it would be capable of a very extensive trade. There are
to be had as good masts, as any in all America, in great plenty. I'ilch, Tar, llo/in Sc
Turpentine may be made in all parts of the (.'ountry; & Hemp & Flax might be raised there
without great expense ; to which, in our opinion, all due encouragement should be given, that
(Jreat Britain may in time, become indepeiulent of her Northern neighbours for Naval Stores.

But the branch of Trade in this Country, which seems most capable of immediate improvement,
is that of the fislu-ry upon the Coast, from ('ape Sable, to the gut of Cam;o, which is perhaps
more valuable than any other in America; but for want of protection against tiie Indians,

Jieii)\yfiit(ttioH on the

iKhabitinp Novtx Srotia, wl.o nro rntir.-ly in tl.« Fn-nd. i.-tfrrsf. foxv BritiHl. VossrU .hn- to
vtMit.iri. t.) ci.iv tlinr lisl. iImt.-; .S: tli." Kivncl. tmm IMf' llivi...., .•oi.lrary I.. Hir h.a(v ol
Utred.t ( l.y whicl. tl.ey an- expressly fxclii.l.d iVon. all kind ul lisliin^ on tlu- .oaM.s whirl, lit-
towards tl..' Kast h.-ginnin.u- Iron, il.o Island ••oninu.nly call.'d Sal.lrs in.lnsivfly. and ihrnre
slrctci.ing along towards tlu« South wt-st. ) ingross almost tin- nitiiv hnu'lit ol tins valnal.lf
trad.', to whic'li tlu-y liave B.-t up an nnr.-asonable prrti'mr, as app.-ars l.y tin- .iaily dis|.utfs w.-
have with liu-ni concerning the lishory at t'ans'o; lor whicli reasons, it wouhl i)c lor jour
Majfsti.'s Service, that some small Forts mi-hl he i)uilt without loss of time, in juoper phwes
upon the Coast & Islands from Cape Sahles to the Cut ol (.'aii<,-o, lor the seiuriiy of this Trade,
&. particularly on Saiiil (ieorge's Island, which is one ol' those that I'orni the (.'ape ol l.'anso, &
has the greater Cominaiid of tlie little 15ay there ; which will i)e the more necessary, in regard
that there are no Forts or Ibrtilications in this Frovince. hut one at Amiiipolis Koyal, in the
Hay of Fuiidy, with a (Jarriaon of live conipmies of ahout forty men each; whereas the Irench
nt tJape Uretoii are very strong, having huill two consider.ible Forts there, give all manner ol
encouragement to such people as are willing to settle with them, & are actually settling some
other Islands on the t'oasl of Nova Scotia.

It will likewise be of great importance, that a small man of War siiould be constantly
employed to attend this Colony, wliich has at present so many dilliculties to struggle with.

.f5

NKW IIAMFSIIIUK.

The next Province is that of New IIamcshiiie. The soil belongs to a proprietor, but tbe
Government is iti your .Majesty. This Colony lies between the Massacbusets Hay & liu' province
of Maine, wliicli last is comprehended in the Charter of the .Massacbusets liay. King James
tlie First, did, by his Letters patents ot the thinl of November in the 1^"' year of his Keign,
grant to tlie Duke of Lenox (under the name of the Council of Flymouth) "All that part A:
portion of that Country, now commonly called New Kngland, which is situate, lying & being
between tbe Latitude of 40 degrees & 1^ of .Northerly Latitude, together with the Seas &
Islands lying within one iiundred miles of any part of the said coast of the country al'oresai«l."

Tbe Council of IMymoutii did, by their Indenture of the T'*" .November Hl"J'.t, in tbe S"" year
of tiie lleigu of King Charles the First, grant to John Mason of London Ksij. that tract of
Land now called New Hampshire, the boundaries whereof are as follow, viz'

"AH that part of the main Land in New Kngland, lying upon the ."^ea coast, beginning from
the middle part of Merrymack river, & from thence to proceed northwards along the Sea const
to Piscattaway River, & so forwards, up within tbe said Hiver, iV to the furthest head thereof;
& from thence Northwestward, until sixty miles be fmished Irom the first entrance of
Piscattaway River & also from Merrimack througli the said River, and to the furtiiest bead
thereof, & so forward up into tbe Land Westward, until Sixty miles l)e linished; & from thence
to cro.s8 over land to the sixty miles end, accounted from Piscattaway River; together with all
Islands & lsl»?ts within five Leagues distance of the premises, and abutting upon the same or
any part or parcel thereof."

At first this Province was under the Government of the Massacbusets Bay ; but in the year
1G79 King Charles tbe second separated it from the Massacbusets Hay & appointetl a
President & Council to govern the .same; & in the year l(jS|, His said Majesty appointed
Edward Cranlield His Governor of this Province; when the said Mason did, lor tbe support

State of th<f Colonies. T

of tliB (Jovernor nnd tlio Governm«'nt, Hiirn-nder to Ilin Mnjesty liia riglit to all fines &
rorU'itiiri'H, vvhicli slioiild nriw^ or happen in tlw niiid Province, as iiIho on»5 full fifth part of nil
Hiicli KiMitH, ri>vt>niH>N & profitR. uh HJiould from time to time arisu to liim, his heirs, or AHHigns,
out of tlie Maid province.

The properly of the lands here was sonie years afterwards sold l)y Mason to one Alien
whose heirs (»r Assigns are now in possession ol them.

The nnmher of people in this I'rovinee upon the arrival of Colonel »Shnte, the present
(Joveriior, in tlie year I7I(», was computed at ahout !>00(), of which there were 1600 men, very
few wiiite servants, and l.'iO blacks: the increase during the last four years, was ahout 500.

Tlie Indians, that bordered upon this Province, are those which are called the eastern Indians,
entirely in the french interest.

Lumber, Fish, Masts for the lloyal Navy, & Turpentine are the chief produce of this
Province; they build some siiips, but not so many since the last war as before; they have
some mines, which produce very good Iron, tho' but little of it hath been hitherto forged;
there are likewise great quantities of Stone, in which 'tis believed there may be silver. The
annual produce of these commodities is very uncertain, the price falling \' rising according to
the demand there is for them, seldom exceeding t".'JO,()(K) per Annum of New Kngland money.

This Province would produce hemp & flax if proper encouragement were given for it, & the
people had good seed for the first sowing.

They export their Lumber, & some part of their fish to the neighbouring Governments of
the West Indies, & to the Western Islands, from whence they get their Wines. They likewise
have sent some Lumber, tar & Turpentine of late to this Kingdom, in exchange for liiinen &
woolen manufactures; but they have some supplies of this kind from Ireland also, either
directly or by way of other plantations. Their best & most merchantable fish is exported to
Portugal 8c Italy & the produce of it generally remitted to this Kingdom except what is
returned in Salt for the fishery.

'['heir fishing is much increased since the Peace with France, but the Lumber trade
decreased, by reason of the low price it bears in the West Indies, & the little encouragement
there is to send it to this Kingdom, because of the duties on that commodity here.

The Ships, trading directly from this Province to foreign parts, are now very few, not
exceeding «'U in number, but they have about lOU fishing vessels, &^ the number of sea faring
men is near 400, tho' many of them not settled Inhabitaats there ; and there are no manufactures
carried on in this province.

There is but one fortification in this Colony, called Castle William and Mary which is situate
at the mouth of the harbour of Piscattaway, on which there are forty two Guns mounted, &
it is in a tolerable state of defence.

The constitution of this Province is the same with nil others, immediately under your
Majesty's (Jovernment in America. They have a Governor, Council & Assembly.

The Governor ic Lieutenant Governor for the time being, are appointed by your Majesty,
as is the Council, which consists of twelve persons. The Assembly are elected by the people,
& consisla of fiUeen, but the Iteveuue of this Province is hitherto very insignificnut.

JitjmWIltllliiKI ell the

«"'

MASS.UMirSKTS |;\N.

'I'lio IVoviin'i' of tlie M.\sMAnir!-i:T'M Miiy. wnst I»y Ifltcri* Pntcnf (Vmn Kiiiir .liiiiifs ilii> I'lr;.!,
dati'd tlu! !{"' tif NovciiiImt in llic I >>'•' N.'.ir ut liis \■^•\\^u, gniiilcd In llif Coiimil cslalili.Hlii'd at

I'lyiiioiilli, \' llii- niiiil C'tmiicil did, liy .m In.lfritiin' under liicir Con m Scid. lifiiriiif; dali-

till- lii"" day ol .March, in tin- ■"!'' year ol llif ri'ifjn of Kinjj Cliarlfs tlu' lirsl, ^raiil all llic • lid
liUnds nionlioni'd liicri'iii to irrtaiii ihtkoiis, ilifir lii-irM &: assi^-iiM, wliicli wnt •■onlirnird liy . >
said King ("liarli'?t in tin- foiirlli year of liit riign. llowfMT, in lii^l a Judunifnl \w'\\\^ given
ill llic Court «if Clianiery upon a seirr f.ii.as, llii' said patent w.is vacated liy Kioi; CliarleM
the second.

Uut upon a IVtitioii id' tlie Agents of ll.al Colony to tlieir late M ijestieM King William Sc
Qiiei'ti Mary, praying to In; re-incorporaled, wn formerly, tlieir !<aid MijeMiien \v»t«' graciotinly
pleased to grant a charier to the iiiliahil.ints td' the Cnlony of the Massaclmsets Hay; the
boundaries contained therein, are as (olinws. ".New Kiigland which lies & extends Iroin
the great Kivercoininoidy called Monamack, alius Merrimack, on the north part, and from three
niilen Nortliward of the Maid KivtT to the Atlantick or Western sea or ocean on the South
part, & all the lands & Hereditaments wliitsoever within the limits aforesaid, iV extending as far
ns the outermost partH or promontories ol Laud called (ape Cod & Cape Malahar norlli \'
south, & in latitude, breadth & in lengtli,aiid Longitude of, and within all the breadth & compaHs
aforesaid, throughout the main land there, from tlie said Attaiitiek nea &: ocean on the cast
part towards tlie South sea, or Westwanl as far as our Colonies td' Kliode Island, Connecticut
& tilt! Narraganset's country; & also all that part & portion of main laud, beginning at the
entrance of I'iscattaway Harbour, & so to pass up tlie same into the furthest heail tliereid'; Ar
from thence .Northwestwards till I'JO miles be finished, & from I'iscattaxxay Harbour mouth
fiforesnid, north eastward along the sea (dast t)f Sagadahock; and from the period of I'JO
Miles aforesaid to cross over laud to the 120 miles before reckoned up into the land from
Piscattaway harbour through Newickmannock Kiver, iV also the .North half t)f the Isle t)f
Shoals, together with the Isles of Capawack & .Nantucket, near Cape Cod aforesaid; &• also
the lands & hereditaments lying &• being in the Country or territory commonly caMeil Acadia,
or Nova Scotia, & all those laiuls vV hereditaments lying & extending between the said comitry or
Territory of Xova Scotia & the .said river of Sagadahock, or any part thereof, Ac all Lands,
grounds, places, soils, woods & wood groiinds, havens, ports, rivers, waters, A: other heretlitaments
& premi.ses whatsoever, lying within tiie said boiintls, A: limits aforesaid, and every part vV
parcel thereof, & also all Islands & Islets lying within ten leagues directly opposite to the main
land, within the said bounds, & all mines & minerals, as well Hoyal Mines of gold Sc silver, as
other mines & minerals whatsoever in the said lands & premi.ses, or any part thereof."

But we beg leave to observe to your .Majesty, that, altho' Nova Scotia is e.xpressly included
in this Charter, yet the same being, at the time the Charter was granted, in possession of the
french, by virtue of the Treaty of Breda, this part of the (irant has always been esteemed of
no efTect, & the people of New Kngland do not pretend any right thereunto.

The Government consists of a Governor, Council & A.ssembly, the (Jovernor is appointed by
your Majesty, the Council consists of 'JS persons, who are annually chosen by the Assembly.
The Governor has a negative voice upon the nomination of them, \' also upon all Elt^ctions of
Officers in that Province, The Asseud.ly are chosen by the |)eople, & consists of 'J8. There
is a Secretary appointed by your Majesty, & paid by the Assembly.

State of the Coloniefi. 9

'I'liiiH, altlio* \\w (lovrrninciit of lliin I'ruvinco be nominiilly in tliu Crown, Sc the (loveniur
ii|)|i()iiiti'il l)y yiiiir Miijt'Hty, yet til)' uiie*|iiiil lialaiire ol tlieir (-(111x1111111011 liaviiig lodged too
^ri<at a power in the AMMeinhly, this |)ro\iiice is, ^V iHaKvaysi likely loeoiitiiiiie in great disorder,
'i'liey do Mitt pay a due regard to your ^lilj•■Mty's liistriictioiis ; tliey do not make a xuitalile
provision lor the inaiiilenaiice ot their (iovcnior, & on all ueeaHiom: they iillect too great an
iiidependenee on their Mother Kingdom.

It liiiM generally hei-n tli(niglit, that an Act of AsKenilily paxsed in this Province In the 0"' year
ot° IliH late MiiJeHly King Williiim (which, hy virtoe ot a clause in their Charter not having
lieen repealed within three yearx, HtaiidH an ahsoliitely conllrmed sim it the Maine had received
the Koyal approhation) liaM not 11 little contrihiiled to the preHent diHorderH there, in uh miicli
as hy the Haid Act it in provided, that no perHoii MJiall lie capable of repreNeiiting any town or
lioroiigli where hiicIi person is not a Ireidiolder & settled inhahitnnt ; Ironi whence it happens,
that the Assembly is generally tilled with people ol snntll Ibrtiines &- mean ca|)acities, who are
easily led into any ineaaureB tliatMeem tu enlarge their liberties & privileges, how detrimental
soever the same may be to (ireat llritain, or to your Majesty's Koyal I'rerogative.

The Inhahitanls are very nnnieroiis, ^^ daily iiicreasing, &'. are computed to be at prest>nt
about t)|,t)()0 souls.

The Militia ol this I'ruvince, consista ot Sixteen regimentsol Toot, &: iit'teen Troops ot horse,
in which were mustered,

«> Anno

17n-j Men 9,012.

1710 I(),!»17. besides .100 in service.

\1\H 14,!t:io. '• ;{00 otlicers &

800 exempts.

1,000

Hy this account it appears, that llic Militia is increased above one third in sixteen years; & if
the said militia be supposed to bear only the proportion of one sixth to all the rest of the
Inhabitants, including old men, women &' children, it will naturally follow, that upon a
proportionate increase, there must be at present above J0,000more inhabitanta in New Kngland
than there were there in 17t>ti.

There are also in this Province several families of the native Indians, wlio have been
civilized by degrees, these make some profession of the Christian Religion, improve their own
lands, & dwell in perfect friendship with your .Majesty's Subjects, their number (including
wome!! it. children) amounts to about 1,'JOO.

The products of this Country proper for the consumption of this Kingdom, are timber,
turpentine, tar & pitch, masts, pipe & bogshead staves, whale tins & oil, ic some furs. They
supply Spain, Portugal, Sc the West Indies with considerable (juantities of tish ic Lumber.
We are likewise informed, that they have mines of several kinds, which might be wrought
upon proper encouragement.

Their 'J'rade to the foreign plantations in Americn consists cbietly in the Exportation of
Horses to Surinam, and (as we are informed) to Martinico, & the other trench Islands, which
is n very great discouragement to the Sugar planters in the British Islands; for without these
supplies, neither the trench nor the Dutch could curry on their sugar works to any great degree ;
&; in return for their Horses, they receive Sugar, molasses & rum.

;:•!■ .

MepremHittion on the

li-!

In this Province there nre nil sorts of Common ^fanuractiirfs. Tlu' Inliahilanis have always
worked up tlieir own wool into coarse Cloths, druffuets, & serges; hut these, as well as their
lioniespun linnen, which is sjenerally half cotton, serve only for the use ol the meanest sort of
people. A great part of the Leather used in the Country is also manufactured among
tiiemselves; some liatters have lately set up their trade in the |)riruMpal Towns; iV several
Irish families, not lonir since arrived, & settled, to the Kastward, make yood Liniu-n & diaper;
however, the excessive price of Ial)our enliatices tlu> value of idl tlu'ir manufactures.

It is therefore to he presumed, that necessity. iV luit choice, has put them upiui erecting
manufactures; not having sulHcient couuModities of their own to ui\e in exchange for lliose
they do receive already trom (!reat Britain; & the most natural method of curinir tliis evil
would he to allow them all proper encuiiragement for the importation of Naval Stores, &
minerals of all kinds.

The hranci) of Trade whicli is of the greatest importance to them, \' which they arc hest
enahled to carry on, is the huilding of Sliips, Sloops \-c. And according to our advices from
thence, they have anmially launched from I 10 to KiO vessels of all sorts, which at 40 tons one
with another, amount to GOOO Tons; & altlio' liie greatest part are huilt for account of, lu- s(dd
to the Merchants of this Kingdom, & in the plantations, nevertheless there helongs to this
Province ahout 100 sail, which may contain S.OUO tons, & are navigated with ahout 1,100
men, besides l.!)0 boats, with 000 men, enipoyed in the tisheries on their own Coast.

Their Iron works which were erected many years past, furnish them with small quantities
of iron for common use, hut the iron iin|iorted from this Kii'gdom, being esteemed much
better, it is generally used in their ship|)iiig.

The fortilications in this province are Fort William on Castle Island, in the harhour of
Boston, which Commands the entrance, \ is kept in very good repair.

Fort Mary at Winter-harbour, and

Fort George at Brunswick, at the head o( Casco bay; & besides the (iarrisons, that are
kept constantly in these forts, they maintain others at Augusta, Northtield, & Arrowchick

In the year 171 *>- 19 the charges of supporting the (iarrison at Fort ^ , ,,

WMIliam amounted to ., 13('cJ. 1. ;\

The repairs of the said Fort iy7-j . 1 1 . ]

And the charges of all the other (iarrisons amounted to t»07i>. 'J. 10

in all fH0().15. \l

In the neighbourhood of this province there are hut few Indians well alFected to us, except
the five nations near New York, who are in alliance & friendship with that (Jovernment, &
maintain for the most |)art neutrality with the frencli Indians. To the Kastward there are but
two tribes of note the Kenneheck, & Penobscot Indians, whose mind)er doth not exceed ."iOO
fighting men. The rest are scattered up &• down in snuill parties, they are generally inclined
to the frencb, whose missionaries always reside amongst them, & seduce them to their inteiest,
but the Canada Indians, viz' the Hiirons, Illinois, & other nations, who are entirely directed
by the frencb, are numerous: & in the late long wars, being assisted by them, often fell upon
our western settlements, ravaging & destroying all before them, & barbarously murthering
many of the inhabitants, whereby this province was involved in the great debt they are still
labouring under; & having no money, nor any provincial product, such as Tobacco in Virginia,

State of the Coloniea. 11

or Sugar in the Islands, tliey have been constrained ever since to support their credit by
publicly bills, whicli are current in payment, but tliey have till very lately, raised money every
year for sinl^ing tlieni by degrees & according to tiie Treasurer's accounts, they burnt as many
of their old bills as amounted to i'217!)2. 1'.b"' in 1718, & 4:2i.',244.1&'.6'' in 1719; & issued
new bills, to the amount but of 4.15,000.

Hut amongst many other irregular & unaccountable proceedings of the last session of
Assembly there, we lind they have passed an Act for emitting new Bills of credit to the
amount of l-'iO.OOO, in direct opposition to your Majestys instructions upon that subject.

The total expense of this province, in time of war with france, was generally computed at
.£35,000 per Annum & since the peace at jt" 17,00(1 per Annum.

In 111.' year ending in May 1719. i; • d

The Land & I'oll Tax was given for 82.50

The Kxcise with some arrears produced 2S'')S. 1 1 . 7

The impost on wine, & other (!oods 5111). !).

The tonnage on Shipping 022. 7. 1

The light House account, & lines OS. 1 1 . r>

in all 116,1)48. ly. 1

but deducting what is applied for discharging their former debts, the certain annual charge of
the (lovernment is about ^,11,000.

The j)ulilick accounts are all annually exaniincd & audited by the (leneral Assembly ; & no
payment is made, before it is vote<l & ordt-red by the said Assembly; which method, as far as
jt relates to the (iovernor's & some other Ollicers Salaries we humbly conceive mav be one
time or other prejudicial to your .Majesty's service; and it is certain., the last Assembly have
retrenched the (iovernor's Salary there very considerably probably because he hath done his
Duty to your .Majesty, Sc refused to comply with their inclinations, in methods contrary to your
Majestys Instructions.

iniODK ISLAND.

HiiooK IsLANn has usually been ieported a part of New England, lying in the Narraganset
ilay, & the territory, comprehended in the (Jraiil of that Colony, is bounded on the west by
tiu' channel of a River called racatuck,or I'awcawtuck, stretching Northerly to the head of the
said river, \- from thence by a straight line due .North to the South boundary of the .Massachusets
Colony on the North, & on the Kast by tne said .Massachusets Colony, & on the South by the
Ocean ; & the charter for this Colony particularly grants the lands belonging unto the town of
Providence Patuxt't, Warwick, Misgammacock, alias Pawcatuck, & the rest upon the main land
in the tract aforesaid, together with Ithode Island, Block Island & all the rest of the Islands &
Banks in the Narraganset's Bay, & bordering upon the coast of the tract aforesaid, Fisher's
Island only excepted.

This is a Charier (iovernment, granted by King Charles the second, in the l.'i"' year of his
reign, & consists of a (iovernor (Council & .\ssenibly. The King appointed the first Governor,
Deputy Oovernor &c. but they have since been annually chosen among ihemselves, by which
means they evade the Act of the 7"' & S"" of King William, intituled "An Act for preventing
frauds & regulating abuses in the plantation trade," whereby it is enacted, that all propriety

I'J

Representation on the

I :

Governors shall bo nllowftl & appn-ved (if by your Maji-siy. bftori' llii-y fiitfr upon tite
(Jovfriimoiit. But by c'lioosiiin tlit'ir (iuvciiior aiiiiiially. liio" 'tis ufncraily tlic saint' person,
his turn is expired, before any such approiiation can be bad, if they did apply lor it, pursuant
to tlie above Act, which hitherto tlu-y never have done.

We find that in the year KiitT, an Instriution was uiven to tlie late Karl of liellonHin', then
Governor of the >fassac]iuset\s l$ay \-c in the foUowini: words, vi/'

"And lastly, whereas the Lords S|iiriliial & temporal in I'arlianieiit have also by their
" forementioned Address liuinbly proposed to His Majesty, that the Colonies of Connecticut,
" Rhode Island & Providence Plantation, linviui: their (iovernors \-, Assistants chosen Annually
" by the people there, having no proprietors here in Knsiland, \- beinu become a great receptacle
" for pirates, & carrying on several illegal trades, contrary to the Acts for the (iovernment of
•'the Plantations, the (iovernors of those several places, may therefore be obliged to give
" security to observe &: obey all inslruclioiis that shall lie sent to tlicm Ironi His Majesty, or
"any acting under his Authority pnrMiaut to the several Acts of 'I'rade, relating to the
"Plantations; His Majesty's Will & i'leasurt' is, that the respective (iovernors ot these
"forementioned Colonies do give unto yen sm-b security, accoiding to the form of a liond
" |)rei)ared here, l)y Our Attorney (Icm ral for that purpose which will be herewith delivered
" to you, & that you therefore accordingly reipiire it Ironi them."

But the said Instructions having not been continued to the succeeding (Jovernors, we conceive
it necessary, that it should be repeated.

As to the number of inhabitants in this Colony their trade \- state of their (iovernment, we
have but very imperfect accounts; \- imleed the .Mislea/ances of tiiis vV most of the other
proprietary (Governments are so numerous, that we shall not trouble your Majesty with them
in this place, i»ut will take leave to give our liumble opinion concerning them in the concluding
part of this representation.

COWKCTICIT.

Co.vxECTiciT is bounded on the Kiisi by Narraganset Uiver. commonlv i ailed Nurraganset
Bay, where the said |{iver falleth into the sea, on the .North by the hue of the Mass.ichusets
plantation, & on the South by the sea.

This government is upon the same foot as Rhode Island, under the same regulations of
(iovernment, & liable to the same inconveniences.

! I

M:\V YORK.

The Government of \i;w Yokk, in which Long Island is incbid.'d, is bounded on the South
west by tlie province of New Jersey, .North west by D.daware river. North by the french
settlements on Canada river. Last by the Colony of Connecticut, \- .Saith by the sea.

This Government is in the Crown. V,.iir .Majesty ajipoints the (iovernor, & Council, which
consists of twelve persons, the Assembly is chosen by the |)eople, & is compo.sed of
nineteen members.

The Governor in this, as in all other Provinces under your .Miijesty's immediate (iovernment,
has a .Negative in passing laws. His salary is XIMO per Amuini, payable out of llie revenue
of the province.

State of tile Colonies.

Jl J no fixed revenue belonging to tht? Crown, besides tb« quit-rents, whicb liave been
estal)![ u'd only since tiie year 1702, by an Instruction from Her late Majesty to tlie Lord
Cornbuiy, then Governor of that province, at tlie rate of 2' C' on every 100 acres of land to
be granted from that time, & are to l)e accounted for here in this Kingdom. Tiiese quit rents
have not hitherto amounted to much more than .£100 a year; but having been put under a
better regulation by Hrigadier Hunter, the late (jovernor, it is expected they amount in some
time to more than double that sum every year.

The revenue raised by the A8send)ly for the support of tiie (Jovernment, has never been
granted for any term exceeding live yei'.rs, the last grant of it was to expire this year; but M''
Burnet the present (iovernor, has got it prolongi-d for live years more.

The natural produce of this Country consists in provisions, which are sent to the British
Islands in the West Indies; in Horses sent to Surinam, Cura(,oa, & 8' Thomas, & in Whale-oil,
& peltry to this Kingdom ; besides some Naval stores, which this Country is capable of producing
in very great quantities, if proper measures were taken for this purpose.

In the year 1701), a scheme was proposed by this board, & approved by Her late Majesty,
for employing ;{U0() I'.ilatines in this work. Accordingly near that number were sent over, to
be maintained at Her Majesty's rxpense, till they could be settled so as to provide for their own
subsistence, & be able by their labour to repay by degrees the money advanced on their
accounts, of which number 2227 were settled on several |)laces contiguous to the Woods on
Hudson's River, employed in preparing of trees lor the making of tar, & had actually in the
year 17 i;{, prepared above 100,000 trees, capahlt! of produding about ;300()0 barrels of Tar,
which, at S' |ter barrel, the price it was then sold for at New York, would have amounted to
^12,000, but before this could he perfected Brigadier Hunter, who was at that time Governor
of the I'rovince, after having subsisted those I'alatines, as long as In- ]was able to do it, upon
his own money &'. credit, without receiving llu' promised remittaiu'es from hence, or orders to
tliscoiitinue the undertaking, was obliged to put a stop to it, when it might otherwise havf
proved a very great advantage to this Kingdom. Some ot the I'alatines remained, and applied
themselves to husbandry &c. The rest dispersed into the neighbouring Colonies, or into
distant parts of this province, where they siltleil themselves in a riotous maniu-r, on lands
belonging to other |)ersons ; & having presented a petition about two years ago to the then
Lonls Justices, in wliich they <lesired, upon false suggestions, to have the possession of those
lauds coidirmed to them, this matter has been referred to the present Governor, .M' Burnet, to
examine & report thereupon.

This province could likewise furnish iron in great quantities. It has some Coi)per & lead,
but at a great distance from the British, & anu)ngst tlie Iiulian SettlenuMits. There are Coal
Mines in Long island, which has not yet been wrought.

Till' several Commodities, exported from this Kingdom to New York, have at a medium of
three years, commonly anu)unted to about t'oO.OOO a year. Tlu' imports from thence have
not, upon the same medium, risen higher than i' 1 0000 a year; so that the balance in favour of
this Kingdom, as far as can be judged of it by the Custom house accounts, has been upwards
of .i:2.'i,000 a year.

The Vessels belonging to this province are small, & not considerable in number; being
etnployed only in carrying provisions to the Southern Islands, and in the coasting trade to the
Neighbouring colonies on the Continent.

Ji(pi\siutati<m on the

I! '

The iiiimbtM- of the iiilKiIiitaiits in this provincf iiicrtMSfs diiily; cliitliy lioiii .New Kii^'liiml,
\- from tlie Nurlli of IicIiiihI. 'I'lii' iiiilili;i consists ol CiKMi men. Il.-ii- iiiv tour iii(if|u'iiti.'iit
coiiipaiiifs iiiiiintiiiiitMl at the cxiu'in'o ol il.r Crown, \' ciiiiiloyfii to uiirrison several torts; our

whereof is at New York, another at Albany, ami a tliini at SI eriaiiy. Then- is likewise !i

small fort in the country of the Mohavvk Imiians. 'I'lu' loit at New York has I reuular
bastions faced with Stone, \: mounted with 00 guns, Itut. luis ueiliier ditcii. or (Uitworks, the
otiier tiu-ee forts have only |)alisa(loes.

This province by reason of its siliiation, lu-inij almost in the middle of the Hritish Colonies
on the Continent, & the nearest of an\ to Hie rri-nch settlements on the Ifiver Canada, & to
their Indians, as well as for the inuni diale inlbu'iice or command it lias over lite •'> .Nations ol
Indians, might most jiroperly be made tin scat of (iovernuuMil tor a Captain (imeral 11 your
M.ijesty shall think lit to appoint one. \- a barrier to the .Neii,ddioariui; Colonies Tor this
reason, particular care should be taken to put the torts already built in the best condition they
are ca|)al)le of, \- to build others in such places, where they may best serve to secure & enlarge
our Trade & Interest with the Indians. \ Iweak the di'sii.'ns of the I'rencli in these parts; lor
this purpose, it would be of great advaiiMire to build a fort in the country of the Senecii
Indians, near tlu' Lake Ontario, which perhaps might be done with their consent by the
means of presents, ami it should tlu- rather be attempted without loss ol time, to prevent
the freiK'h from succeding in the same desiLin, which tliey are now actually endeavouring at.

We should here give a particular account of ihe al)u\e mentioned live luilions of Indians, if
we bad not occasion to do it in another jiart of ibis represi ntation, relating lo the consecpiencf
of the communication between the french settlements at Canada & Mississipi, & to which
we tlierefore beg leave to refer.

NT.W JKKSKY.

i I

'I'he Government of Ni;\v .Jiceimcv is boutuled on the Kast bv Maidiattan's Ishind \ Long
Island, & part of the Sea. & part of Hudson's river, on ihf West by Drhiwarr I'.av or river,
which parts it from i'ennsylvania, & Southward to the uiiiin oci'an, as far as C.ipc Mny, ai (he
month of the said Delaware iJay; & to the Northward as far as to the Northernu)st branch of
the said Day, or Kiverof Delaware, whidi is in H DcL'rees |o minutes dC Latitude; \- cro.ssing
over thence in a straight line to Hudson's River in New York, \- is in il Dcgrc's of latitude,
as a|)pears by their Charter.

The proprietors of this Province did Inrmerly appoint a (Jovernor lor the same; but in the
year 1702, they surrendered their rialit ot Covernnient to II, r late Maj.'sty; & the (Jovernor
of New Y'ork hath ever since that tin:,', bfcn appointed likewis.- ( Iovimiku- of Ibis province;
but they have .still a .separate Council of |-J persons a|)point.(i by the King & an .\.ssenibly of
24 persons chosen by the people, who make their own Laws.

The greatest number of the inhabitants are (imikers, of whi.h the Council and Assembly
chielly consist.

This iVovince rai.seth by their assenihly about V-MO C per Annum, for the support of their
government; hut they think it a liar.lship to pay a Salarv to a Covernor, who resides in another
Province, & would be willing to raise still a further sum for the maintenance of a Covernor.
who could resi.le amongst them, which they conceive would gr.Mtly advance the trade &
welfare of this Country.

State of the Colonies.

This province prndiicps nil sorts of pr.-iin or corn, tiir inhabitants likewise breed nil sorts of
Cattle, in ^rn-at quantities, with \vli:cli they siijiply the Merciiaiits of New York & I'hiladeliiiiia,
to carry on their trade, to all the American Islands; hut were they a disliin't (iovertnnent,
(having very pood harhonrs) nn'rcliants would i)i' encouraged to settle amongst them, & they
might hecome a considerahle trading people; whereas, at present, they have few or no ships,
hut coasting vessels, & they are supplied from Nt!W York & I'hiladelphia with English
Manufactures having none of their own.

The Iniiahilants daily increase in great iiuuihers from New Kngland, & Ireland; and before
this increase, the militia consisted of about :i(Mi(i men.

There are hut few Indians in this (iovernmcul, & they very innocent & friendly to the
Inhabitants, being under the I'omniaud of the live nations of Irocpiois, & this plantation not
lying exposed, as some other lirilish Colonics do they have hitherto built no forts.

There is great (pianlity of iron on-, iV some copper in this Piovince.

'I'he have oidy two patent (Kliccrs, viz. an .\ltorney (■eueral &• ii Secretary. And as all
ji.itent Otlicers appointed in (Ireat iiritain, are generally unwelcome to the plantations, so, bv
several Acts of Assembly their fees are so reduced ( especially the Sfecretarys) that they are
not sulVicient for his subsistence.

rKNNSYLVAMA.

This iVovince is a proprietary (iovernment, granted by Charter of King Charles the second
to William I'enn Ksii in the vear 1(1^0.

Its 1

loundaries, agreeable to the said Charter, arc Newcastle County on the South, the river
Delaware on tiie Kast, unto 4:{ Detrrecs ol .Northern Latitude, & from thence a Meredian line
run westward, which is to extend •') Di'grees in longitude.

'I'here are likewise certain Lands lying upon Delaware Hay, commoidy called the three lower
Counties, which are reputed part of I'emisyh iinia, & are now actually uinler the same
(iovernment. These liuids wei'c granted to the said William I'enn, in the year Itl^'J. by King
James the second, then Duke of ^ ork.

Hut as the validity ot that (irant has been more than once (piestioned particularly in the
year 1717, u|)on the |»elition of the ilarl of Sallierland praying a Charter from your Majesty
of the said Lands, the sanu- was reterred to the then Attorney & Solicitor General, who nnide
a report dated 21" October, 1717.

Hut there having been no (urther proceedings on that petition, we need only mention, that
it appears from the said Heport, that your Miijesty is at least entituled to a moiety of the rents,
issues and prolits \\ hich shall arise on the said uids contaiiuul in the s.iid grant of the Duke
ol York, made in the year l(i>:,', allho' the saun- should be valid in Law.

And we the rather take notice of this, because we find, thai in the reign of the late (ineen
Anne, about the year 171'J, an agreement was made by the then Treasury with William I'eiin
Ksij' for the purchase ot his (Mivernnu'Ut ol renusylvani;i, & the three lower Counties, h)r the
Hun> of 1 -',00114.', one thousand [tounds of which was paid by warrant of Her late Majesty,
hearing date l)"' Septend)er 1712. & as we think it our duty on all occasions to represent
the advantagi's, that woulil accrue to your Majesty & the I'ublick, by taking proprietary
poverinm-uts into your own hands, where it nuiy be done agreeable to Law & .Justice, we now
beg leave to olfer our opinion, that it woidd be lor your Majesty's S( rvice to have the said
agreement eomplealed, by payment of the remaining 11, 000.1!; & whether the rents, issues &

2('j Heprestntation (m the

profits before mentioned ougl.t not to be Mecounted lor, &• n.a.le part of ti.e said payment is

limnbly submitted. .

Ti.is Province beinij a proprietary gov. nin.ent, as ball, been l.elore inentmned. tl,e proprietor
ti.ereof bas the appointment of a (iov.rnor, nvI,... nevertl.el.-ss n.nst be lirst approve,!
of by your Majesty, lie iiiie wise nominates tlie i;..un.il, and tii.- Assembly are eie. led l)y

tile freeholders.

There is one eireiiu.stanee very partici.l.ir in this Tharter, vi/.'. that Ih. proprftor liath live

years allowed him to transmit his Laws h.r the Koyal approl)atioM ; hut the Crown hath but

six months for the repealing ihem; witu.n wliieli time if they are not repealed, th.y are to be

reputed laws to all intents \- purpos.'s whatsoever. Irom wheiiee it li,(piently happ.Mis, that

several Laws, unlit for the lloyal Assent, eontinue in force lor live years, & alter having heeii

disallowed by the Crown, are enaeted a-aiii, vV by this piaetice beeonif in a mannrr prrpetnai;

& this in our humble opinion, is a liirtli.r reason, why the helorementioned pmrliase vV

agreement should he made and eompleatcd.

The soil of this Conniry is various; light & sandy near the rivers, hut rich iV of a deep

black mould further from the v.-ater; h.Mii,' well cultivated hy the industry of the iiduiliitants,

it produceth whatsoever is necessary lor lile.

The river Delaware (the oidy one of cmisetiuciicf to trade in this whole Country) is

exceedingly eommodiiuis for Navigation except in llu- two nionlhs of December \ .lauuary,

when it is usually Irozen up.

Tiie natural produce of this Country is w lieat, beef, pork, \ hnid)er. Their Tradeconseipienlly

consists clnelly in the exportation of llii.>c to the several jiarts of llie west Indies, vV Miidciras;

from whence; in return, they take rum, sugar, Cotton, Spanish money. \- wine. 'JMiey likewise
build manv I5riganlines &: Sloops lor sale; but having lew or mi mamdaetures ol' their own,
they are supplied tlu'rewith Irom (Ireat Uritain, to the yearly value of ahout 'JO.lKKt.t. .\iid
as this jirovince does greatly ahouml in iron, so we have good grounds to helieve, that, il proper
•■lu'onragement was given in (Ireat liritain, to take oil" that, iV tiieir liudier. the people would
thereby he diverted from the thoughts of setting up any manutactures ol their own, &
C()nse<iuentlv the cousumption of those ol (ireal Ibitaiu consideralily advanced, l-'or il must
be observed, that this IMautation is in a very llourisliing condition ; greatly increased in its
inhabitants ; & altho' the iidbrmations we have received touching their nuiidiers, dill'er extremely,
some computing them at about (i(t,IM)n whites & 0,(100 blacks, \ others lui' ahove hall that
iiumht'r; yet they all agree in their opinion, coiu'eriiing the llourisliing state of this Colony, &
that the produce of their coimnodities may well he reckoned at lOd.OtHU' per .Xnnum.

Koiir lilths of the iiihahitants of this jirovince being tiuakers, there is little care taken of
their Military atfairs. Only one old ruined fort at Newcastle, with six useless (juns belonging
to it, nor can we learn, there is any establishment of a Militia for their defence; l>ut il
must be allowed, that, to supply this defect, they have taken care to cultivate so good an
understanding with their neighhour Indians, by going yearly to their principal Town to renew
their peace, & hy tlieir fair & just dealings with them; that liitherto they have fouiui no want
of any force to protect themselves, & probably may not for smne time to come, if the Indians
are not instigated hy tiie Artilices of the French to insult & disturb tliein.

But the endeavours of the French to debauch the Indians from the interest of your
Majesty's subjects in America, & likewise the importance of maintaining & iin|)roviiig tlie
strictest friendship with those Indians, witii the jiroper inelliods ol doing the same, being
particularly treated on in another jiart of this rejiort, we sliall mention nothing lurther upon
these heads at present.

Stat^ of the Colome-^.

MAUVhAM).

Mnryliiiid is w I'rovinci! Hituatcd in tlu' (('ntcr of tin- IJrilisli I'laiitations on tlie Contiiu'iil
of Aiut'rira.

It coiitaiiis, as apjx-ars by a "charter j^raiitcd liy Kitifi Cliarlcs tin; first, dated tlie yo"" of
June in tlie s"" year of liia reign, to Ceeil Calvert, liord IJalliniore, all that part of a peninsula,
lyinu; hetween the Ocean on the Ka.st, & the hiiy of (Jheseapeake on the West, & divided from
the other part thereof, hy a right line, drawn IVoni the promontory or rape of Land railed
Watkins point, situate on the said liay, near the river Wiclion, to the West, into the main ocean
on tlie east, & between that hound on the south, unto that part of Delaware I$ay on the nortli
\vlii<h lies under the 10"' degree of Northern liatitude from the Kcpiator, & all that tract of Land
l)etween the hounds aforesaid, tliat is to say, jtassing from tlie said Bay called Delaware in a
right liiu- by the Degree aforesaid, unto the true meridian of the first fountain of the river
Potomack; & from thence teiuling towards the Soutii, unto the farllu'st bank of the said river,
& following the west iV south side thereof, unto a certain place called ('^incpiack, situate near
the mouth of that river, where it falls into the hiiy of Chesapeake, & from thence by a straight
line unto the aforesaid promontory \' place called Watkins point, which lies in 37 Degrees &
61) minutes of Northern Latitude.

The liOrd Hallimore is by liis charter hereditary (iovernor, &; stiled absolute Lord &
proprietary of the Province. He is vested in all Royalties, in as full & ample manner, as
any ISishop of Durham had, or of right might have had in the Kingdom of England, with
a jurisdiction of a Court palatine.

In the year 1(>!U the (ioverument of this IVovince was provisionally resnme<l, (the then
Lord Hallinu)re being a jiapist ) \- remained in the Crown till about the year 17 lo, when the
bite l<ord IJaltimore reuouuced the liomish religion. At present the proprietor ap])oints a
(Jovernor, who is approved by the King, according to the Act of the 7"' & S"" of King William.
'I'he ('oustitulion of this IVoviiu'e is the same with that of the other British Colonies on the
ContiiuMit, with respect to their I^aws, which are made by the Council & Assembly, with
the consent of the (lovernor.

Tiiere is no revenue arising to the Crown in this province, but a very consideral)le one to
the proprietor.

The ordinary exjiences of the (lovernnu'ut are defrayed by a duty of la** per liogshead on
all tobacco exported, \- II' per toi; on all shii>piiig inward, & the extraordinary charges of the
(iovernmeiit are likewise provided for by the Assembly as occasion requires.

Tlie number of Inhabitants was ciuuputed in the year 170-1. to be yo,5;J7 men, women &
children, &■ L47-'> slaves young & old, in all ;{•"),(»! -J.

In the year 1710 was computed ;M,7'.t(), whites, & 7,});j.5 negroes, in all 4:i,74l
And in tfie year 17 l;». was computed "j.'j,000 while inhabitants, \'. 'JS.OOO blacks, in all 80,000.
From whence it ajipeiirs, that the Iidiabitants of this province have increased to above
double the number in 1") years, &- altho' some part of this increase may liave l)een occasioned
by the transportation of the rebels from Preston, by the purchase of slaves, as well as l)y the
arrival of several convict persons, & of many poor families, who have transported themselves
from Irelaiul; yet it must be allowed, that Maryland is one of the most flourishing provinces
upon the Continent of America.

'I'bo Militia ia about H,OUO men, well armed, & excellent nuirksnieu.

• .1

1. ' .i

jReprc-^entatinn on the

There are no forts, or plin-es of (left'iice in lliis iirovince; l)iit tln-rc li;is ln'cn liitcly lniill iit
tlie piiblick ohiiru'ea liirne Miii.';i/.iii.' at .\imii|M)lis, wliicli is well pruN ided witli s|>are Amis lor

( (luainiiv ()(' Aminiiiiilion, tt» iiiaiiitaiii wliicii, vV to make

ad laid l<v A«l of

lL',(t(>0 foot, \' (UK) limse, witii a u'l'ea

n further provision of Arms & Ammunilieii. there is a duty of :>'' per Imu'sin

Asseml>l_v on all toliaeeo exported.

The Indians wiio dwell within tiiis pro\ inee.
tlie inhahitanls.

do not exceed oDd, \ tiiey live peaeeahly with

The neifihhotiring Indians are reported to l)e many form

dalile nations, w ith w lioin tlie pfO|ile

liave hut little eomniiMve, this country Iciiii; a peninsula, Inn tiiey have heen carelul to make
tiiose on the frontiers their triends; ly which means they have lor some time enjo)eil a
perfect trancpiillity

'I'he soil ol this C'onutrv is of dillercnt kinds hut most ot it sand v. wlien eidlisati'd with little

ahour, it uives a vast increase, \' luoi

ires

all thiiiiis m'cessarv for lile, that (Ireat Britain

atfords, with which the inhahitants plcnlilully provide for their siiloistence.

Tohaeco is the staple eomniodity of thi^ pro\ iiiec of which ahout :in. or ;!'i,(ii)i) hoL'shciids
are yearly exported to (Ireat Mrilain. 'I'lie inhahitants export some tohaeco to the other
plant.'itioiis, as also urain, heef, pork, iV liiinher, lor whiili they ha\e in return rum \- sii^ar.

They likewise send some corn to the Madeiras for wine, hut the most part ot the wine they
have from tlieiiee is purchased l)y hills of Kxchanire.

Whilst tohaeco answers, in its price, the planter's lahoiir, all inanufaiMiires, iV all other trade,
that mijjht arise from the product of the I'ountry are laid aside.

The Inhahitants wear the like ('loalhiiii;. &• have the same luriii I lire within their houses with
tliose in this ixiniidom. The Siaves are cloathed with (ottDiis, Ker.-.eys, llannel, \- i-oarse
liiinens, all imported; tV it is computed that Miis province coiisiiiues ot' Uritish Manulaclures to
the value of .i':.'(),i)(K) per annum.

No mines are vet discovered here, except iron, which are \erv coininoii, hul not wrou'-ht.

for want of a sutlicient stock, \- persons o\' skill to

eULMLTe II

I sui'h an uiidcrlakiiiu.

The numher of ships helonaini: to this province, are only lour small i'.riuantiiies, \ not more
than 20 Sloops for the Sea; the inhahiimts not heiiii: inclined to navii;alion, hut dependinj;
upon British hottoms for the exportation v\ ini|)ortation of the hulk of their tr.ide : \- there iia.s
been employed of late years .ahove IdO sail of shijis frmn (Jreal Britain.

V I

VIKXJIMA.

Tlie Government of this Colony was at first under the ilire.tion of a t'oinpanv; hut thev
being dissolved upon their mal-adniinislration, in the year K, •_'(■!, ||is .M.ijeslv Kiui: Charles
the first took the (jovernnient into his own haiuls, \- settled such laws ,;>: constitutiiuis in that
province, as were agreeahle to those of tliis Kingdom.

Accordingly the nomination &- appointment of the Covernors, as well as the Council
(whicii consists of twelve persons) is in your Majesty, iV the (leneral Assembly (consisting of
IKty two [Jurgesses) has been always chosen by the freeholders.

Tlie strength & .security of tins Colony, in a great measure, depend upon their Militia; their
plantation-s being usually at too great a distaiwe from one another to be covered by (orts
or towns.

James Town and Williamsburg are the only Towns in the wlio'e Country; & tiiere is no
Fort of any consequence for the security of their great navigation &ti-;\de, but at James Town.

-Ssaai

State of tliii Colaiik'^.

Ilowf'ver for tlu'ir protection UKaiiiHt tlio liidiiiiiH, vvlio inliabit nmon^st tliem, & fliat live to
the Wt'slvviiitl lliey iiiivr cri-ctt'd (Miii.sliiiiina, \- hoiiu! oIIiit Forts; & tlu' ('ouiicil & Assciiildy
liav«' lately proponed to your ^l.ljt■.sty a scln'iiic tor st'rurin^ tlic passed over tlie j^reat ridj^e of
iMoiiiitaiiis wliicli lie on the i)iii'k of this I'rovinee, dividiii^r tlieni from the freneh, & Indian
Nations in the Irencli interest, whereupon we have sometime since reported our liumbie opinion
to your Majesty, & Iteg leave upon this occasii)u to repeat, that we conceive their proposal to
lie deserving of all reasonahle eiit'ourageiiieiit.

Their Militia in the year KI'K), consisted of (ii-OTO liorse & foot

In the year 17t);{, there were mustered. . . . 140;{. Ollicers

aiOI. Horse
17'J4 Dragoons
.'Jl!)> foot

lO.O.'Jti.

and in the year 17 lo, they were increased to about 14,0(10 in all :

from whence we compute, supposing the Militia to be a sixth part of the whole, that the total
number of the inhaliitants, ( exclusive of negroes) amounts to about 84,000 souls.

This province is divided into lio Counties; iS: the |)roprietors of all the lands that have been
taken up in l'() of the said ('ounties, pay an annual <piit-rent to your Majesty, of two shillings
in money, or '2\ pounds w»'iglit of tobacco for every hundred acres.

Kut the propriety of the nurlhern neck (containing the other five Counties) was granted by
King iMiarles the Second, & Kiuu .lames the Second, to the late Thomas Lord Colepepper,
upon a ipiit rent )f 4.0 . 1 .{' . 4''. per Annum.

The Lands in the aloresuid twenty I ountics, on which the said Quit rent toyour Majesty is
paid, contained,

Innoi-. 2,238,143 ) ,

In n 14, 2,0 llt,773.i ) '^

However, the produce of this revenue is very much governed by the price of tobacco in the
country : for example,

On a medium of ten years, ending in 1713, (during which time £

the tobacco was low ) the proceed amounted to 1411. 7* 7.^'' P' An"

And in a medium of the four following years (when the price of ^

Tobacco was high) 2270.11' b** per Annum-
There is another revenue in this proviru-e, that is settled and appropriated by the Assembly

for the constant support and charge of your Majesty's government.
This consists of several Duties viz'

Oil every Hogsheatl of Tobacco exported

On every ton of Shipping

And on every i'oU imported

•

•)

Jiesides the rights of taking up of lands, and lines & forfeitures.
On a medium of six years, ending the 2'j"' of October 1710,

The whole produced, clear of all charges 2,845.15.11 p' An"

■ f

SJ >

..•^

1^ >

lifprcfitufatioJi o'l f/ii

And upon tlu> snnn' iiu'diiim,

111' <

.stalili.xl

ii'd

iiliirit'H i>

&' iimmmtt'd to

II' ordiii;

'1'

And till- ('Diiliiiuriit K\|)('nsi'S.

I7f..i-J. r,

it'

;».

'I'lif t()t;d Aimiial ("hiiiL't'. hh iirori-siiid
%vliiili I'xci'fds tli»' jiinouiit (it till' n-vt

.111'-'

III

Mil II .11

And tliis excess liatli lieeu i;ener;ir> allowed l)y vonr .Miijesty, as well iis hy your Itoyal

I'redeeessors, out of the prodnee ot tlie (juit-reiils.

lUit besides the said standinj,' ami ci rtain ihame, for which |iiovisi(

nai'ds iV

is inaile, as aforesaid,

tliis provinee has been always ohiij.'cii, lor maintaining' their j;

L'arrisons on the Indian

frontiers, for erecting several ]

iihlii

l\ ma

Liaziiies, \- liiiildiiii;s \ discliari;iiiu other necessary

expenses,

to 1

evv certain i

inantilics ol tohacco, at so many pounds weight per head, or every

tylhahle, which conipreheiids all iicrsuns exceedinu sixteca y

ars ot

au'e, except ss hile women.

her of the said tylhahles, accurdiiig to tlieir rcs|iective ii.>t.-

in 1()0> amounted to 'JO.r>Q:\.

In 1705 to L'7,(>.');{.

In 1714 to ;M,r)IO.

The principal product of N'irginia is Uihacco; \- in general it's of a better (jiiality tiiaii tliat of
.Maryland. Hefore tiie conclusion of the last peace with Iraiice, the N'irginia planters exported
to this Kingdom at least ;{(t,()(tO liogxlic;ids per Aiiniim ; hut about that lime, the trade decliuiiiK,
for want of foreign consumption, an Act was passed in the 1"J"' of Her late Mnjesty's reign for
encouraging the tobacco trade, &: your M.ijesty liatli been since gra<'i(>usly pleased to giv«' your
Uoyal Assent to an Act for continuing the same.

Hut as this commodity is of such conseipience to the trade of (Ireat Britain, not (uily with

respect to our home consumption, hut liki

wise to our li)reiun e\piiilatioii

fun her occasions

should tie laid hold of, for giving some ea-ie & encouragement to the same, by alurllier reduction
of the duty, so soon as it may be done, consisteiil with the present ajipropriations thereof.

The other branches of the trade hclween this kingdom \' \'iru'iuia cmisist in pitch \ tar,
pipe & hogshead staves, skins & tiirrs, \- a few drugs, 'i'hey alsd fxpiut to the other Plantations
.some small (luantities of tobacco, provisions, & lumber; but their (Icpemleiice is almost wholly
on the produce of tobacco.

CAROLINA.

Carolina was granted by King Charles the second, to several Lords proprietors by two
diHerent charters, the first dated ill"' .Nhireh, in the lifteeiith year ut his reign, which contains
all that tract of ground, extending Westward from the .North end ol Luck Island, as far as the
•South Seas; Southward as far as the river Saint Matthias; & thence Westward again in a direct
line as far as the South Sens aforesaid ; together with all the jiorts, harbours, bays, rivers, isles,
& islets thereunto belonging.

The second charter, which is more extensive, bears date the yi)"" .liine, in the 1 7"' ve.ir of
the said King Charles & reaches as far as the north end of Caratiike Uivi-r or Cullet ; and thence
upon a straight westerly line to Wyanoake Creek, which is supposeii to lie in or about ao
Degrees and 30 Minutes of Northern Latitude.

State of the GJoniw.

Carolina is dividod into two provincos, cnlh'd North & South Carolina, vvliich have separate
OovernofH, CoiincilH, & A»H«'iiil>li»'8.

Tin- (ioveriiors of th»'8t' I'roviiu;t'K have heen usiinily nanied by the proprietors, subject to
your Maji'sty's approbation.

NOirni CAFIOLINA.

NoKTii Caiiomna was formerly part of Virginia till granted to the liOrds proprietors by their
second I'harter; and it was at a certain place in tliin province, called Hoanoke, that .Sir Waller
HalcigirH HerviintH made their first Settlcnient.

'I'm' boundary that si'parates this province from Virginia being conceived in very disputable
terms, hath never yet been finally settled though CommissarieH have been formerly de[)uted
by the two Colonies for that purpose, who could never agree either upon the F^atitude, or upon
the triu* position of Wyanoke Creek; for the Indians, from whom this place derives its
appellation, having often wandered, as their usual custom is, over that part of the continent,
and lixed, for certain tinu's, at diU'crent places there, they have left tlieir name to many creeks.

The .^outh limits of this ('olony have likewise admitted of some disputes; the
Commissioiu'rs of the Lords pro|)rietors having frequently luimed Cape Fi'ar, instead of
the river of that nana', for their boundary.

The government of North Carolina is sometliing diflerent from that of the Southern
province, resembliuir nH)re nearly that of \ irginia; of which, as hath been observed, it was
formerly a part, being duided into two Counties, and seven precincts, with petty t^)urts for
each ; from whence, in ail matters exceeding a certain value, appeals lie to the supreuu' Court,
held by the (Jovernor & Council, which liberty of Appeal as we are informed, your Majesty's
subjects at ."^oulh C'aroliiui do iu)t ai present enjoy.

There are great tracts of good laiul in this Province, & it is a very healthy country ; but the
situation renders it forever incapable of being a place of considerable trade, by reason of a
great Sound near sixty miles over, that lies between the Coast & the Sea, barred by a vaSt
Chain of Sand-banks, so very shallow & shitting, that sloops, dr»wing only five foot water,
run great risk in crossing them.

The little ('omnu'rce therelbre driven to this Cidony, is carried on by very small Sloops,
chielly from New Kngl.uid; who bring them Clothing Si, Iron ware, in exchange for their pork
& Corn : but of late, they have made small (|uantitie8 of pitch & tar, which, 9re first exported
to New Kngland, & theiu-e to (Jreat Hritain.

We are not thoroughly informed of the number of inhabitants; but acconiing to the best
accounts we could get, the number q{ persons in their tythables, or poll-tax, were not long
since above IfiOO, of which about one third were blacks.

The (iovernment of this Province, having for many years been a very disorderly one, this
becomes a place of refuge for all the vagabomis, whom either debt, or breach of the Laws have
driven from the other Colonies on the Continent; and pirates have too frequently found
entertainment amongst them.

There is no great prospect, that these mischiefs should be redressed, unless your Majesty
should be pleased to resume this, as well as the Southern province into your immediate
Government; in which case, North Carolina might, in our opinion, be restored again to ^'irginia,
& put under the care of your Majesty's Governor of that Colony.

A'tpn^stiitati'iii on tlit

i« ''^;

.1'

\ 'i :.

: " ..' *

■ t

1=' i

t?(H ril CAKOMNA.

SovTii Caromva .•xt.'n.l>. from Cap" l'''"' '<» ""' riv.-r nf S;,ml Matll.ias. Th.. inhal.itantM of

this i.rovin.v. romriviou tl,rins..U.-s to 1... ,11 ms.mI. or u-n-atlv ii.'K tr.l l.y tl.o I.onN I'rnpnHorH,

have laU-ly d.-posed llirir (iov.-rnor. .V (•..n„.il. \- d,..srn a n.'w <!..v.Tnor &• Connnl ol llu-ir
own. whi.'li ,«r.'al ilixonlrr indii.-i-il your M.ij.'Mly lo r.Ms^^iiMi." tli.- Cov.Ti.m.Mil llwr.'ot.

Tliis Coloiiv is til.' Soiith.Tii froiiliiT lo your Miij.-j^lyN plaiilatioiM on llu' Conliii.'iit. \- will
no doubt, ihuKt tlif happy iiillu.Mice o! your Maj.-stys itnnuMliat.' prot.Tiioii, Iutoum' ii

flourishing Colony.

The trade of this Province, with r,.sp.'ct to their own sliippiiftf is not hitherto very
considerable; the inhabilauts not haviiiL' above "JO .sail cf their own, ainoiiiilMiu' to aliont {-■.DK
ton; & as thev chietlv apply tlienis.-Kfs m the plantation work, they ha\e not many sea taring
men. but their trade is carried on by the M-rchants uf (ireat Britain, who reap a eonsiderabU!
ndvantaiie thereby.

The commodities the people of Carolina take Irom ( ui-at Britain, are ,ill maimer of ( 'loathing,
woollen linnen, iron ware. I)rass &• p.'Wier. A: all sorts of household goods, bavimj no
manufactures of their own; & their snutherly situation will make them alw.iys ilependfut on
fJreat Britain for a supply of these (•diniuodilies. whose ronsum|Mion may be conipnted at
nl)out i:ii:3,00() per Annum ; besides tlu' cnst of a considi-rable nnnilier of Negroes, with which
the British Merchants have for some time furnished ihem ye.irly, taking their returns in rice,
& naval stores.

There is a sniall trade carried on between Carolina &• the Madeiras for wine; & the
ConiniiHsioners of the Customs have a Surveyor Ceneral. a ''ollector. a Comptroller,
a Searcher, a Waiter. & a .Naval (HIicer, lo jnit thf laws of lra<le &■ Navigation in
execution here: But daily experience shew.s, that illegal tr.iib? i ; not to be (irevented in a
proprietary (5overnment.

The natural produce of this Country is Bice, pilch, tar. 'uri>entitie, buck-skins, furs, corn,
beef, pork, soap. niyrtle-w;ix, candles, various sorts of lumber, as .Masts, cedar-boards, slaves,
shingles, and hoop-poles; but the soil is thought capable of producing wine, oil, silk, indigo,
pot-ashes, iron, hemp, & flax.

'i'he number of white inhabitants in this province has some lime since been computed at
9000; & the blacks at 12.000, But the frecjuent massacres committed of late years l»y the
neighbouring Indi.ans, at tbp institjation of the French & .Spaniards, have diminslied the white
men, whilest the manufacti. ". of pitch &• tar has given occasion to increase the mimber of l)lack
slaves, wlio have lately attempted, and were very near succeeding in a new revolution. .> hic!i
would probably have beon attended by the utter extirpation of all your Majesty's subject') in
this province; & therefore it may be necessary for your Majesty's service, that the C.)verno;-
should be instructed to propo.se some law to the Assembly there, for encourayiUj, the
entertainment of more wiiite servants for the future.

The Militia of this Province dc«8 not consist of above 2000 men; & therefore, considering
the circumstances & situation these ;ieople are in, exposed, m cjtsp of a rupture, on the one side
to the Spaniards, on the other to th. French, & surrounded l)y Savages, who are for the most
part, in an interest opposite to that vi' '"-eat Br'liiin; n iless your Majesty shall be graciously
pleased to send a Military forto lo '!. C' iat.y, suf.icient to protect your subjects, this
valuable province in all probability ,. ill 'jc l".8t.

State of thfi Cdntiie^.

own,

.lUo

For lliid reason w> ti>(»k tb« lil)prty of ropn'Hcntinj^ to the lato Lor*! Juntic^<» th(» nccennity
of Ht'iidiiiu! lour n'tfiiinMits llviht-r to |ir»'Vi'iil llic I'liitlH'r rrirroiicliiiu'iiH of !(■.' Frnioli in thourt
|mrtM. \\ I' likt'\Vi«t' propoac, lliiii an \\,1| in .isccrlain llu' Itoiiiids ol iIiih |>ihMV incc, wliicli linvt'
not liillu-rto ln't-ii (ix»»<l any otljpr ^ny, )>Mt l>y tin* (.'liiirtiT to tli»' Lords [irofkriviors, rm to «'Xl«'iid
ii prott'it the Iriidc of yoiir M";»'s»y's mtlyects lliore, scvoral -sinall forti* «hould \w erocted in
propiT pli(('»'H; & till! piirtii'tilar ■ .irt- uli'xild lie lakt'ii to Kccur*' llie Wravij^alion of the Ht'Vi'ral
riviTH, fiiipti'vinn tlu'insi'lvi''* in tlionf parts to lltv nortlmiird of **\».rt !<wiiit Aiim'iisliiu' into liio
Wi'Hlward Ocean, lint niort' «-.p»TialIy (Inii of tlit* Ittvcr Alnniatuham*', wliiiii (hi; frvncli liave
Roin>' lime a^o new rlirixlcni'd l>y lli« nuiiie ot river May.

We svere linnd>ly of opinion that no tinu> sloidd In- lost m n nintfer of tliis c -.•f|nen''t';
IxH-anMt' tin- great dillirnltieH the freiieh iiave lunnd in H e iiuvigation of tin n\ii iississipi.,
made it neceHHary for llieni to ttecnre a lieller part; j^ nml they did Honu time »#» tftkn
reiiHacola Iroin the SpnniardH; which beiiif; Hince, m we are iidorine<(. refito<<>^d, it i very
prohahle. the freiich may think of openimj aimther ■■iiriiniittiicatitMi from their gre.il setlU -ent
at Mtdiile, down the river Alamalahama to the Western tKcali, which would be n 'lur^ utul
blow, that" any that liaH hitiierto been jjiven to your MajeHty'n interest in A'>ierica.

'I'he lorlilications in thin (.'ountry at present lire bnt v«ry lew, & their Hitn.ition nu
ndvantaiieouM Charles 'I'own for instance, is regu arly Iwrtilied, & halli about 1' '
mounted on the waiU the largest not exceeding twehe punnd ball.

'I'here in likewise a small fort of about ItMinnttat I'urt Hoyal.and a palisadoe fort nf
Savanlia 'I'ov^'n, of •') or () small duns, which lien about 130 miles weHt from Charlc
towards the bead o( Saiitee river one hundred & twi ity miles from (Miarle* Town
another sinall tort; in all which pliiccM there are al)out o k- hundred men in Carrison.

Dnt I'ort Uoyal seems to have been a good deal negifteil, considering it is at prest
frontier town, lies ready for the supply ot the Indian srude, & the protection of tlw mt
girrisDns, & has an exi;ellent harbour, (or which reason we should think that place ouglit (• be
belter secured.

It would likewise be for your Majesty's service tliat other forts should be builr n
this province, in proper places, lor the reasons whicli sbal he mentioned in that part of 's
representation relating to the means proposed for prev. uting the encroachments of < r
European neiglibonrs.

The Indian Nations lying between Carolina & the freii. i settlements on the Mississipi,
ore about !),"Ji)t) lighting meti. Of which number ;{, 400 wh. in we formerly traded with, are
entirely debauched to the trench interest, by their n. w sei lenient &' fort at the Albamas.
Al)ont ;.'.000 more, that lie between your Majesty's snbjeci^ & those of the frencli King,
trade at present, indilfercntly with liolh; but it is to be leared, that these likewise will
be debauched by the french nidess proper means be ii<ed to keep tlieni in your
Majesty's intert'st.

The remaining USOO Indians are the Cherokees, a Warlike nation, inhabiting the Apalatch(^
Mountain". These, being still at enmity with the french, might with less ditliculty be secured ;
ft it certaiidy is of tlie highest consequence, that they should be engaged in your Mriesty's
intereat ; lor, should they once take another party, not only Carolina, but Virginia likewise,
wonUI be exposeil to their excursions.

Resides the Indians above mentioned, there are about 1,000 savages dispersed in several
parts between Carolina & Virginia, from whom we have not much to apprehend, provided

lie

Rqyresentatioti on (he

'" ,' c

i I

your Majesty's Governors of tl.eserrovinces live in tl.i.f porf.Tt lii.rmony &' goo.l .m.i'Tstmidinp,
whicli they ou-ht to maintain willi eaci, oti.er. & do jtiMice to tiies.' poor peo).!.-. who seitioni

give the first oH'tMu-e.

It were to be wislied, we had not so niucii reason to complain of our Knro|).-;in neighl.onrs
in these parts: but, besides the encroaciinients made by tiie tivncii, your Majesty's subjects
meet witii ill treatment from the fJpaniards; more particularly at I'orl S' Auunsiine, where
they have a garrison of ;300 or 400 white men, iS: about '2W indians, who give shelter to all
our runaway Slaves, & without regard to peace or treaties, commit rrc(iuent ads of hostility
upon your Majesty's subjects.

We' are not as yet intbrmed, whether (lie Spaniards have re-settled i'ensacola, or what force
they have there; but they have a fort it the mouth ol the Catahooclic river, with about 400
or 500 men in Garrison; & we shall g: e your Majesty an account of the freiich force in the
neighbourhood, in that part of our icpoit, which relates particularly to their settlements on
the Continent.

This province having hitherto but lew inhabitants the (juit-rents of the I.ords |)ropriefors
amount only to about oOO.f per amium; but there is a duty of 3'' per skin, for the beiietit
of the Clergy; & the contingencies ot tlie govermnciit, which vary every year, are raised by
the Assembly.

There are no Officers in Carolina, that have patents from the Crown; A: none appointed at
present by your Majesty's Authority, but those of the (io\ernors & Custom house Ollieers. All
other Officers, both Civil & military, hold their employments immediately under the Lords
proprietors, their Governors, or the Assembly.

Rice being the principal & staple commodity of this province; & the merchants trading to
Carolina having often complained, that the advantage they formerly reaped, by supplying
Portugal with rice, hath been almost entirely lost, since the Act of the :J'' & 4"" years of (Jiieen
Ann, whereby rice is made one ol the enumerated commodities, &• ihe importation thereof
restrained to Great Britain, we think it necessary, before we conelmle what we lia\e to oti'er
concerning this province, to lay before your Majesty a particular state iif this triide.

IJetbre the production of rice in Carolina, tlie Kingdom of I'ortugal was supplied with very
great quantities every year from Italy ;

And the great consumption thereof in I'ortugal, with the liberty ot transporting it directly
thither from the Plantations, as freely as any other grain, hrst induced the jieople of Carolina
to plant and propagate it.

Their labour & industry being by degrees rewarded, by an abundant increase ol this useful
& valuable product; they had a very lair prospect of wholly supplying the Portugal
Markets therewith.

But being deprived by the foresaid Ad, of the liberty of transporting their rice directly to
Portugal, & the additional freight, ( from this to that Kingdom ) with all other charges thereon,
amounting to about one third part of its value, no rice coiilil he carried from Kngland to
I'ortugal, but when the price has happened to be very high there.

But the true state of this aHiiir will best appear by the following account of the (|uantitieH
of rice imported, & re-ex|)orted communibus annis, on a medium of five years, from Christmas
1712 to Christmas 1717. viz

H ill

Is I li

lis 1*

State of the Colonies.

ImjinrlrJ. owi

From Carolina & tli« other PlaiitaloiiM 28,073

From Fast India, Turkey, & Italy alwut 2o0

The total import 28,U:i3 p' An.

Rr-rjiniiled

To Portugal, Spain, & other parts, to the Southward of cwi

Cnpe Finisterre 2,478

To Holland, (M'rmany, & other countries to Norlliward of

Cape Finesterre 20,458.

The total K.xport 'J2.y3G p' An.

Ueniaiued (or consumption 5,3^7

28,3-J3.

It is evident from this account, that the exportation of rice from (Jreat Britain to the
Northward is very cousiderahie, & that the exportation of this commodity to the Southward is
very small; which can arise from no other cause, hut the great expense that attends the same
in douhle freight, the rice of Carolina heing esteemed the best in the world; hut by that
means it happens, that the Italians, being near at hand, have almost entirely beaten your
Majesty's sulijects out of this trade, which |)r()vcs very detrimental to the navigation of (ireat
Britain. For if the Italians had not a vent lor their rice in I'ortugal, they would hardly be
able to carry on a trade to tliat Kingdom & Spain in their own shipping, they having no other
gross goods, but rice, & pep[)er, sutlicient to furnish a lading lor great ships; & they dare not
venture in any others (or (ear of the Aigerines.

We would therefore humbly submit to your Majesty, whether it might not be for the
advantage of the plantations, &• of (ireat Britain likewise, to allow, that rice might be carried
from (Carolina directly to Portugal, or any other part of Furope, to the Southward of Cape
Finesterre, upon giving security, that every vessel so freighted, shall touch in Creat Britain,
before she returns to the West Indies.

TIIK Ct).NSK(irKNCK OF rilK PLANTATION TUADK.

Thus having gone through the si'veral Colonics on the Continent, in order to demonstrate the
conse(piciice their trade isof toCrcat Britain; we have drawn out from the Custom House books
an Account N" I. containing the total amount or value of all goods imported from, & exported
to the said Colonies, communibus Annis, on a medium of three years from Christmas 1714 to
Christmas 1717.

Ami (orasmuch as the trades to Africa & Madeira may be accounted branches of the
plantation trade, the returns of the Coods exported to those countries being generally sent
from thence in Negroes & wine to the Pluatations ; we have included the amount thereof iu
this account.

But having empiired upon this occasion into the valuations of the aforesaid goods, we are
informed, that Tobacco, sugar, &. some other ol the Plantation products are over rated ; the

h ' 1

V>?

1!'

26 Hepresentaiion on the

prices of those commodities having heen considerably rednced since the vahiations were
adjusted in tlie booixs of the Inspector (ienerai of the Customs, from whence tliis is drawn;
Iiowever, as we have not the same ol)jection to tlie vahiations of our niaiuifactures &
products, we shall lay the same before your Majesty, upon the foot it now stands.

From this Account it will appear, that the plantations in America take from hence yearly to
the value of one million sterlinir, in British products & Manufactures, & foreign goods.

And although the exports charged in this acount to the several Colonies on the continent,
amount to no more than .i'4:U,()27. 1 ()*.;')'' yet as the Continent has uiulouhtedly a great share
in the General article of entry to the West Indies, as well as in the articles of entry to Africa
and the Madeiras, the exports to the Coi.tinent may well be computed at .i".5(l(),0t)0.

l?ut before we enter into the par'icular circumstances ol' the plantation trade on the
Continent, it will l)e necessary to asceitain the pimripal comiiKulities, wherein tln-ir trade
consists, & liow much they respectively amount to; which will ajipear. .Account .\" 'J.

It may be observed from this Account, that the exports tn the Continent of America exceed
the imports from thence about .t'i200.00fl per ainunn; which debt (iills upon the provinces
to the Northward of .Maryland; who probably are enahled to discharge lln' same, by the trade
they are permitted to carry on in .Xnn'ri'M, \- to Knrope, in commodities not enumerated in the
Acts of Trade, as may be gathered from a State of their Shipping \- 'I'onnage hereunto annexed,
N° 3. 4 & 5. although the same is not so perfect as it might otherwise have been for want of
returns from the proprietary (Jovernmenis.

Besides the advantages accruing to (ireat Britain from so large an exportation, to the
Colonies on the Continent of America; from whence, as hath heen already shewn, there doth
arise a balance of i;200,()00 Sterling; it is to be observed, that your Majesty's revenue of the
Customs is very considerably increased by this tratie; that gr.Mt part ol the commodities,
which we receive from thence are such, ;is we should otherwise he ohliged to take trom loreifn
markets: & that there is a very great prolit arising from the re-exportation of such of tlie said
Plantation commodities to foreign .Markets, as are not expended at home.

Our home consumption of Tobacco only, may he computed at '=;,17o,0e('. pounds weight per
Animm. .\nd the tobacco re-exported 17,ll-> 7-5'> ditto per annum, as may appear by the
Account V 6, wherein the sugars, as well as the tobacco imported & exported for five vears,
from Christmas 1712 to Christmas 1717. are distinctly stated. And we have the rather chosen
to join them, because they are the two staple commodities of the islands, iV of the Continent
whose interests are inseparable, nor would it he possible to support the Sugar Islands, wiihout
the assistance of the Continent.

There still remains to he considered another gre.at advantage that arises to this Kingdom
from the plantation trade, which is, the constant employment it gives to our IJritish Shipping

The number & tonnage of th." Ships .Irared from Kngland for His Majesty's Dominions in
America, & for Africa & .Madeira, in three years, from Chrislmass 1714, to Christmass, 1717,
is as follows.

MKM

State of the Colonies.
Cleared in the snid three years for

Shipa

Medium iif Iho Ton
Tons nu({f^ Vvr annum

'210

t)4

108

340

«•>

'20/276

6,75Hj
l,443jr
1,809*
5,883 J
15,6(;'.iii
'1.677 8

4,330
5,4-29

n.fisi

47,009
8 , 003

Marvliiiid

Caruliiui

l'"or the CoDtinciit

8'J'J

10'2,7'28 1 31,'24'2J

niirbfttli)pft. .

.317

111

'25

1(1 '2

37,849

ll,0i)2

1 ,770

'2 . w>:\

3,170

22,913

12,fil6jt
3,697^
590

987 i
l.Oitilf

7.«:i7S

N,.u»

Sainl ('lirl»tiii>li.M's

•laintiirii .

lt.O 1 hZ\

71'2

79,917 1 26,639

123

lt'),6H7

5562^
244

732

1741

200. 0H4

66,fi8Si

9-2
181

1(1,823^
15,875 '

8,899

In all

2,014

226,762

75,587.

That in, communibus nnnia,

«7I

75.587. 1 J

Ancl whereas there were cleared from tliis Kingdom, on a medium of the said three years
ending ut Christmuss 1717. for all foreign parts.

British Ships 5fiG3, tons 419.681.

Foreign ditto 3;J0, ditto 17,446

>■ Per Ann.

Ill all 5,093

437,127

it is evident, that the Sliippina; employed annually in the plantation trade only, was more than
a si.xtli part of the whole tonnage for that time from the several Ports of England to all
foreign Countries.

Hut, computing that the other five-sixth parts of tlie said Shipping maybe employed ( a little
more or less) as follows, one Sixth, in the trade to Spain, Portugal, the Streights, Canaries,
Kast India, Newfoundland, and Archangel ;

One 8i.\th to Denmark, Norway & the Baltick ;

Two sixths, to (Jermany, Holland, Flanders and France &

One sixth to Ireland and the other British Islands; & it being obvious, that the Ships
employed in the tra<les near home make two or three voyages, whilest the Ships bound to the
plantations are performing one,

It is very probable, that the trade which is carried on between F>ngland and the American
plantations, employs at least, one fourth part of the Shipping annually cleared from
this kingdom.

And upon casting up the tonnage of the plantation products re-exported in the year 1717, it
appears there was employed near half as much Shipping, in transporting these goods from

'l;

23 Hqvcaentidion on the

lieiice to Germany, Holland, & other Coroign ooiintii.-s, as was omployed in llu- trade directly
from tiie Britif.li Colonies in America.

Consequently therefore it may he concluded, tluit nhout one third part of the Shipping
employed in the foreign trade of this Kingdom is maintained hy the plantation trade.

But notwithstanding the advantages, at present arising from the I'lantation trade, are so very
considerable, it is not to he doubted, but tiiat they might still he n-ndered mucli more useful,
if suflicient encouragement were given to induce them to turn tlieir industry to the production
of Naval Stores, of all kinds, & of such other connnodities as otir n.ressilies r.'.|uire, \ which
are purchased by us with great disadvantage from foreign Comitrics; from whetu-e this
convenience, amongst many otiiers, uould naturally result. — That the more Northern
Colonies would be thereby enabled to pay their halance to Kmrlaiid, wilhoiit lying under
the necessity of carrying on a trade to foreign parts, in some respects detrimental to their
mother Kincdom.

Tlie tolal value of the ImporU frnm

187,059

litU , S57

aS2 . 2t)6

34,485

8.'),(i7S

9S,77-.;

l.lHj.ii'.t

(■5.010

22,607

6,051

92,675

i.")ii,994

38 . 906

882,876

1,102.219

3,391

412

6,898

1
«>

1
4

1 , 527 . 696

No. 1.

AiiiiL'iiii . . .
iKirS.i.li.cj.
.I:tiiiaion . . .
Mi'iiiscrnil

.N.MS

r>t rliri»t»iiliuri) ,

Niw KnclniiJ.
.N.H Yoik. . .
['•nii^vlvania .

Viuinin A .Mnryliin,!.
Ciirulliin

I'l.ANTATIONS

( In ihe ('"iilini'iit

(In (lio SiiiTBr li-lnnil*. . .
W I'-l Imlu'S ill m'nunil.

liiriiiiiilnd

IIii'Imiii'8 liav

The hital ralur uf Ihp Kt|»ru hi

30,855

14o.tl97

147.931

4.921

12.729

11.182

nis.sis

1»

10
7

1,49.5,499

27,236

4,960

12
14

9
9

IMalitlit ionn

.\lliltt

.... Mtt'leira

Tntnl

139, 2«0
SO. 314
20,176

209.760

198.276

22 9S7

15
4

431,027

348,318

96,986

1 . 396

1,951

16
8
6
8

879.680 I (H)

87,415 ' 16

81,427 I 7

1.0(8,523 ' 4

d
»

State of the Colonies.

No. 2
'V\\c priiu'ipiil imports from New Ktigliind, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia Maryland, and
Carolina, are as (oilows.

1 ^

•' i

17 ;i4o

IH
00
IH
14
IH
IH
7
fi

I'l j I'rddiicL^ tff tin* lliiliiiii Trade.

l'J,(|H2

!, \
00 I
7
3

1 1
4 1
3
4

• of tlie ml I'liintatioii?.

of fdrciun Plantations
(jf C'ttnipiclie

per annum

lU.'.l'.MI

7 .liNO

Whnl.'tiiia

;),(i7y

'loltlU'.M)

i!;!i;,,')8S

Ki,.*.

I'.i.'^ioo

1) , hHl

Koi^\VO(h|

'il.ilOO

■ :tiii.4i'.i

211,112

17
0(1

1
00

Tlio totiil import arponJinjf to the rtf(»r*'fltl (icnl

ftocomit . ., Sim'. r)7t')
hd.lKPO

(Ml

0(1

Tin' dai'l itnpdrt rftniiot nmoiint to more tliiin. .

;tii2,r)7rt

per annnm

No. '2.
And the principal exports to the said provinces are as follow

In lilllTl^ll M >■<( IM-Il'HK li I'koIiIiTi*,

WcuilU n Mmuifinliiri'j . . . .
Silk wi'iiiiL'lit A llirnwn. . .

Liniixim A a«il vlolh

Coriliige

(iiiii|Hiw(ler

l.euihi r wriMijtlil, A mi.l.llf
Hra<« A iMippiT wniiiifli". . .

1n<n wriiii^lit k nuiln

I.4VI>I it dliot

I'l'WltT

In many other guu<U

I<( FnBnaM anoDA.

Linnenn

Ciilliooi't

I'rnliilnti'il Kiint Imlia Onuils. .

Wri'HKlit >ilks

Iruii •(: lli'iiip

in utluT liiruigu gooila

Foreign (^oo^la.
British (iooili*.

TIio said K<port!i amount* to noi-onlinif to the af. rc<uiil (fom-ral B<'Oi>unt ( per annum ) .
But 111 It \r\* 1" III alwiiyi uiiMitiuiunl, tlif tiilal rxt>ort uiii^hl pmliahlv iitnuunl to at lesat;;
(prr niKiiiin, ) _" " " • "^ ! lllUi."-!

147, 4SH

t*
i

IH,4tiH

11.4r.4

1 1 , 'JS t

'.I

•>. , :i><2

l.T

ts.ic.l

■2.5(15

'~^

35,ti:U

•J.H.'iil

3 , (■.H7

43,i,m

2;i4 , H8(i

H.'.,413

I(i,10'2

0(1

lo.S'j;)

1.1 HH

ti.ii'i

•■i

21,7(i(i

I3rt.I41

2U4 , HHfi

431,027

Iti

i 500, 0W1

f''l

(■ :i

Representation on the

'.t

i; ; .;■■

In three yi-ars from ^'l"" June 1714, to \.\w 21"' June 1717, tlicr*' \\;\n tlrand from MostDii^
the rhief port in tlu' rioviiice of Miissai'linsetts Hay. ,

!«bl|». »<l(>npi

4Vo

23
45
•J3
34

t'.78

113

3HU

lis

l:il7
■11,-.

I'or llic Urili^ll l»liinil» in tln' W. -I Imlion

I'liii'iiin I'iMiitaliiiii*

W.sl Iii.li. s

Ni\vfiniii.ll:iiul

lMiro| If

MnJeirii, iVzoits, Ac

(Jrciit rritain

liriiiali I'lmitaticiiis on lli>' r.>iiiiii..Mit

liay of Camp. I'lu! lor l.OL'Woii.i

To jiorts uiikiiown

The total in tlirco voai'9

That i.«,
C'ommiinihnu aniii!*

N. 1!. — l.l!''J of tlu' uforesiii.l IJIT thips iiml vc.-Hels, cotiliiiiiinL' .'lSI^'i- !"»<, » 'T
plnfitiiiion laiilt

Tont

Mm.

U7,S3I

:i,h:to

•J . fi>'7

:i<.<3

\.■^T.^

17,'.

I, Ml,-.

'J74

1 >f,:.

2111

l.C.'.H) 1

■JUtI

in.ifin I ft. 11 1*

11, Mil I 1,41J

ii,,'.Kii I i.Hsa

l.r,76 I TX\

41,'. I fi3

tl'J , 7 f*8

8.f.li7

No. 4.
In tlie said three years there were also cleared IVoni the I'ort ol' Salem, in the same F'roviiwM

I Mi'ii,

-^llil* 8l'>n|)» Ac. I

III

117

p'or tlu' Iiiili>li IbIhiiiI.^ in llif \V,>; Imlics

>uriMani

Wo-t ln,lit>

Kiiroj I'

iludiiru Azurer io

T..I11

7,'. i IM

3ii4 '< 4n

j, y,ii'2 ' i.]&'2

197

232

fJroftt Hiitain

British I'hintation^ on the Contiui'nt

The total in three j'enrs . . . .
That i«, ("oinmnnihna Annin.

1 J , 2 1 N
2im

1 ,(KI5

13,431

1 , 4116

21)

1,^N

1,7H2

4.477 ,

604

No. 5

And from New York there were deartd, in three years, from 24'" June 17 !'> fo 21"' June 17H

Hhipn, ?ln<,ps Ac

t!3
211,5.

9
K.->
21

fi4.5

21.5

To (iniit Hritain

liiitish Plantation- <.n the I'ontiiu'ht ,
Uritifh ri.inlatioii.s on tin- Man. Ik. . .

Niwf..iin.llan.l

foreiiin |.ln!ilati.in.« ,

.\la.leirn-, Afn.'a Ac

Km ojic

Total in three years

That i.<,
f'nniinnTiihuR Annis .

I Tom

4,;iM2

4 . 2.14

8,77(1

K!i,5

2511,5

1 3H,-|

f.l5

22 , 8lt2

7,4«4

Mrn

G3M

HVl

1,1" >4

fl7

2H2
122

4,613

1 , 61 (4

State of the Colonies.

No. (5,

SI ilAli, llltoWN.

IitiiiMrtpd
( »U.

Ill I7I»

nil

171ft
I71H
1717

."illH.o-^H

til7,»H

i;si .:i7H
7'i-.7li.'i

re-fxixiriiil

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i(<;i.'Jiii
iri7,o;iri
li'j.Tiil
l.'.l.riH)

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111 lln' Kiiiil liv.' yiiir*.
ur (.'uiniiiuiiil'iis aiiiiiti.

Sl'Hll.'JlH)

lUil.ii.'iH

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IsCblio

llriiiikiiKM) for coiiMimption ; I 4'2'.i, 108 pr Ann

I
Til." loliil Anmml Import i|

filll,(l.')N

n« iiforcsiiiil.

No. <■).

TOHACCO.

1.1 1713
1714
171,1
171il
1717

In llo- auiil tivt> yearn,
or ('oiiiiiiiiiiilmii nniiiA.

Ui iiiiiiiii'il for i'oiii<iiiii|>tion . .
Tliu tuUl .\iinr.al Import.

Importwl

»i WI

Ki -f xporleil

•n ..V.IS.SII7

V'.l. -li 1 .li'.lt
17 .Kill, sill

•.!s,;iir.,iih«

'.i'J.Oiiip.iiSIl

lil,,"ill7,7'.Mi
l'.i,ii/)il/.Mil
lH.IT'.t.lHI
Iti.fiiil.lU
lll.SM.I.I-Mi

l'ii"i,.'/8>.l.'.IIH\

8,').71:i,77y

•j.-i.Hn.yHi I 17,112,703

.j 8,',75,i'2lil)r Ann.'

. I 25,ai7.'.lSl j

I iiH iifon'fniil.

Mis.-^i.<sirri.

Till' Kifiicli nation, liavinjr always been di'sirons to e.xteiul their dominions in America,
liavt" lost no opportunity of oncroaching upon tlifir Neiglibours there. And although your
.M ijfsly &your Uoyal Ancestors have an uncontestable right as well by discovery as possession,
to the several Urilish Colonies in America; yet the (rench Kings have at sundry times made
grants thereof to their subjects. 8uch were the letters patents of Louis tiie 13"* in favour of
th.' french West India Company, bearing date th<' 29"" of April 1G-J7; & those of Louis the
1 I"" to Moils' Croisat some time since surrendered to tlie united India Company of france,
u|)on which they build their title to the Mississipfii. Many other instances of the like nature
might be given were they necessary to the present purpose, but tliese two, which comprehended
almost all your Majesty's dominions in America, may be sullicient to shew the unlimited
iniiination the Irench have to encroach upon your .Majesty's territories in those parts.

However, as the french are convinced, that a Charter without possession, can never be
allowed by the law of nations to change the property of tlie soil; they have employed another
artifice; and without embarrassing themselves about former discoveries, made by the subjects
of other I'rinces liave i)uilt small forts at the heads of Lake.s & rivers, along tiiat vast tract of
land, from the entry of the river of S' Lawrence to the embouchure of the Mississippi, into

IT«-

'ii;^.

g2 liepirsentation on the

the bay of Mexim; not s.. ,n.>rh will, iufntion probably to bonn.l Ib.ir ou-n f.-rritorirs. as to

l!::.;;:^l,a, tl... Lave aln.a.ly ,o.. .Hi a , lav bl. ,m..,un> sball .n- tb.-n o.-as,.n

to make furtberintrusions upon tbeir nei^bbours. An.l if xW late «ar ,n Knrope .1,. re t .
alUes n,aae so s„..vssn,l elforts a.-ainst the exorbitant power of Iran.e. ba.l not tonn-l Lou,*,
the U- eniMbn-ment at bon.e, it is very liUely ll^e Irenrb woul.l bave been n.u.b more
formidabU. than tbey are now in AnuTiea. Notwitbs,Mn.ln,t: tbe treatv o( nenlrai.ty (or
tbo.e parts ma.le at i.on.lon >n IC---. ou.bt to bave sreure.! to (ireal UrUan. the several
(\.lonies. wh.'reof vour Majestv's Woval pre.bvessors stoo.l poss.sse.i at the tun. ol making
the sai.l treatv, bat the little reuar.l lb. freneh have to that treaty, will evulently appear
bv the evasions \- trivolons pr.'tenees srt on b-ot hv tlnsr ministers .lurine the .bl,ates in the
vear If.s? at l.on.bm, winm the l.onl. Muuierbuni. Mnl.ll.-ton. \- t Iciolphin were :,pp...nte.l by
kin.' James to eonfer with the iIi.m. tren.b A.uhas.adors >b.i,.s' .le Hanlhm, \ the Menr
Dusson (le l'..HirepeauN eon.ernim: ih- houn.iaries of tbe llu.ison's bay (N.mpany, vV altlaamb
that Conferenee termmate.l in a Conlirmation of tbe aforesaid Treaty of nentralily, to,i;rihrr
witli a resoliili.m of setllin- tbe Immi.laries between the Knu-lish \- Ireneb eolonies in Ameriea,
by proper Commissaries, whicii rouliiion lias since been eiiforenl bv ihr in'" Artie!.' of the
treatv of rtre.'iil; yet the freneh .dulil nev.T be imlnci'il to enter sincerely upon so m-eessary a
work. notwithstandimiConimissariowcr.' lat.'ly appoint. 'd for that purpose, .V m.-l with olher.^
deputed by the trench (.'onrt, at Paris.

It is therefore very apparent trom thoe Iraiisa. tions, that there remains no way to settle onr
boundaries, but by making; ourselves < oi.siderable at the two iieacis of your Majesty's t.'idonies,
North & South, iV by buibUi^' ot toils, as the trencli have done, in proper places, on tbe
inlaiul frontiers.

The French territories in America extend tVoin the moutli of tlie IJiver S' l.awreiu'e, to tlie
enibouebure of the Mississippi, fonniiii; one eoiitiiuied line from North to ."'^outli on tbe l>ack of
vour Majesty's plantations, iV altliouiih their garrisons, in many parts, are hitherto Imt very
ineonsidt-rahle, v.-t as tliev have, hy tlu' means of their Missioiiarii's, (b-hauched several of tbe
Indian .Niitioiis to their interest, vmir Majesty's suiijects aloiu: the coiiliiit nt lia\t the utnn)Ht
danger to ajiprebeud from this new settlement, unless timely care be taken to prevent
its increase.

lint this will he the proper subji'ct of aiiotiier part of this Ifeport ; iV therefore we sball at
present proceed to give your .Majeslv an Account ot tbe forts the trench iiave built, &• tbe
settlements they bave nnide to sec, ire their communication; ot tbe several rcuila tbey bave
practised from (iueiiec to the Mississippi; of tiie Indian nations in those p.'irts, wiiom
tbey have gained over to tiuar intere.st, and of those who sliil remain Iriends to your
Majesty's subjects.

And as tbe most perfect accomil we liave of tliese particubirs, was trai\«mitted to us
some time since, i)y Mr Keith, the |)resent (iovernor of I'emisvlvania, we iiobl ourselves
obliged upon this occasion to acknowledge bow mucii we arc indei)ted to bis e.xaclness &
ap|)liciition therein.

It is evident from Fattier neniii|.eii & La Salles travels, tli.it tbe communication between
Canada & Mississippi is a very late discovery; &■ perhaps such a one, as no nation, less imbistrious
tiian tiie frencb, would have attempted; Imt it must be allow'd that they have a great
advantage over us in this particular, to which even the nature of their religion and government
do greatly contribute; for tneir Missionaries in lilind obedience io llieir superiors, spend wiiole

if ^'

State of the Cdoniev.

yt'urs in rxplorinpr New Oniintrirs; and thf cncourairpmi'Mt tlic late frtMuli Kin>? gave
to tilt- (liHcovcnTS \' [ilanhTs of nt-w tracts of l.itid, (l( !'ar cxct'i'd any advantage your
M:iii'slv's iri\,d I'n'di'ccsHors liavf liillirrto uivcii to tin ir Hid)i('cts in Anii-rica; and as

yoiir .Majcsiy'H Knropcan dominions have lone lit't'n Ixirllicii'd willi tin* t'xptMist; of t
Kiii'ffssive wars, tlic I'arliaiiifnt ol'lirt'at IWilian have liitlirrto only lieen alile to assist the
IManlatioiis with a very spa-inn liand; allho' considering the great Ifevenne they bring your
Miijcslv in voiir Cnstoins, iV the vast iinporlancc ihcv ar»' of to lhetra(h- &: navigation ot these

KiiiiidoMis, it is now

to ii

d I

icv ma

y ill' liioui^lit wortliy of greater attention

And imh'ed had this matter iiem sooner eonsidcred, tiie frencli dominions had in'ver Iieen
extended from North to South tlirongli llie whole ('<nitinent of America. For your .Majesty's
Nulijects, who had much greater convenience of discovering iV making treaties with (he Indian
nations, on llie Lakes, which lie so cimlignous to the hack of the llritisli SettltMuents, might
elt'ectnally have prevented this communication which may prove Idghly inconvenient to tliu
traih' iV welfare of your Majesty's Colonies.

However, it is not e\en yi't too late to think of ap|)lying a remedy ; nor will it i)e at all
impossihle to inlerru|it a rout, which your Majesty may perceive hy the following detail, hath
many natural oi)structions, iV could lu'ver have been rendered practicable without the
greatest imlustry.

Krom Mount Keal, on the Uiver S' Lawrence, tlie freneh gem'raily sail in canoes alxuit three
leagues to the tails iit ."'^aint Louis, where they are olilig"d to land, & travel about halt a
League, belbre they embark again, in order to row up the stream. About (50 league.s further,
to l''ort Krontenac situate on the North side ol the ri\er, at the entrance of the Lake Ontario,
where they lia\e a (iarrison consisting of om- or two Companies, from thein-e they proceed on

the said Lake reputeil jibout >(» leagu

es lu leu

ulli, to the great f.dl of Niagara, wliicli lies
between the lakes ()ntarioand Krie, where they are obliged to travel over land again about
three Ijeainies, befori' they enter the lake Lrie, wliicli i.s about l^iO leagues in length.

From this lake to the Mississippi they ha\e thi'ee diirerent routes. The shortest l)y water i.s
upthe river Miamis, or ( )uanHs, on the .<oulh west of Lake Krie; on which river they sail about
lot) leagio's without interruption, when they fuul themselves stopt by atu)ther landing, of about
three leau'in's, which they call a carrying place, because they are generallv obliged to earrv

their ciimies over
dl

land,

in those

to the nt xt river, & tiiat where they next embark is a

1 La ITuiere de pint

'wrr they row about 10 leagues to the river

very sliallow om' callci

Oid'.ich, iV i'rom thence about TJO leagiU's to the Hiver Ohio, into which the Oubacli falls, as
the river < )hio does ab(mt M) leau'ues lower into the .Mississippi, wliiidi continues its course fur
about :i)il leaiiues directly to the bay of Mexico.

'There are likewise two other oass.iges nnich hmger than this, which are particularly privk'd
down in llemiipens map, and may be described in the following iininner.

From tlie North east of Lake Krie to a fort on the Lake ."<' Clair, called I'tuit Chartrin is

d>out

Leagues sail; here the trench have a .'^ettlenu'nt, iV: ollen -KUt traders meet tl

lere

Along this Lake they proceed about se\en leagues further \' thence to the great Lake Huron
about ten leagues; hence tliey proieed to the straits of .Nrichillimiickinack 1-H) leagiu's
Here is a (iarrison of about thirty freneh, and a \asl concourse ot Traders, sometimes not less
than !(>(»(), besides Iniliaus. being a cot.imon place ol rcnde/vous. At & near this place the
Oularwas, an liniian nation, ar»' settled.

From the lake Huron they [)ass by the Straight Michillinwickinack four leagues, being two
ill breadth, & of a great depth, to the lake Illinois; thence 150 leagues ou the lake to fort

;■■ ■ y.
!!: H

III

r, ;■

U ■

84 Hepresentation on the

Miiimia, aituatt'd on tlie iii.iutli of lln- rivi-r Cliiiiim.).- ; Iroiii Iumic raiiu' lliost^ Iiidiims of tli«
aami' iiamt", \\i' Miaiiiis, who an- scttli'd uii ilic lort'iiifiitioiifd river tlial rims into Kric.

Tp till' rivor CliiKajioi' tlu-y sail l)iil ;t Icaituea to a passam' of |"' ol a Icaciif ; llu-ii I'litcr ii
small Lake of almiil a inik', and have aiiolliiT very Miiall porlai;.', \- a>:aiM anollii-r ol two
miles to tlio river Illinois, tlieiiee down the stream lot) leagues to Mississippi.

The next rout is Irom Miehillimarkiiia.k on the lake Illinois to the lake de itiians IKI leauneH,

thence to the river paans ->() Keau'iies. llience up the sii to a portai:e ol about J miles

before they come to the river (hviseonsiiii:, thenee lU leauiie.s to Mississippi.

These distances arc as the trailers reikoii them ; hut they app.-ar generally to he much over
done, which may he owini; to those pcoiiles coasting along the shores of the lakes, &• taking
in all the windings of the rivers.

They have another much shorter passnge from Mount h'eal to Lake Huron, hy (he treixdi
river on the m)rth of Saint Lawrence \'. Inch comuiunKates with the two latter routs ; hut il
abounds with tails, & therefore it in>t so mneli used. They have also hy this river a much
shorter passage to the upper Lake, or Lake Superieur.

The french have :it all limes, used their utmost endeavours t(» bring o\i'r the Indians to their

Interest; &- the missionaries have 1 u so suci'essful in this point, that they have seduced some

part of the Iroipiois, commonly called by I he name ol the live nations, from their ancient friendship
& dependence on your majesty's colony ot .New Voik : \ although provision was made by the
I-')''' Article of the treaty of L'trecbt to |irevenl the like inconvenieiieies lor the luture, yet
experience hath shewn that such treat les made with the french, as cannot be alterwards
executed without their assistance, are likely to prove inelfectual. We would therefore tollow
their example in this |iar(icul,ir, ^- Icse no time, ai least in securing such of the Induin
nations, a.s are not already in league wiih tliem.

Of this sort are the .Miainis. settled upon the river ol the sann' name, which t'^-s into the
Lake Krie, & are about iJ.llOU in nuinher. 'I'be gaining of this .N.ition to the Hrif.jh interesti
would be of very great importance ; and as we are informed, miybt be done by settling a
trade witli their & building a small tort upon the l,ake Krie, where the Irencli, in 171"', had
no settlement; what they have now is not as yet come to our knowledge, though in all
probability they have, or will soon begin to huihl one there. 'I'bis will app.-ar to be the more
necessary, when we shall consider, how many Indian .Nations, on the back of the British
settlements, the french have already gained to their interest.

The Illinois are about ;},U()0 men, on or near the river of th.at name.

The Oltoways, or .Miehillimackinacks were formerly ;{,U()0 but now scarce oOt).

The .Nokes \m)

The Kelles avoins t;()()

The Sakes 'jdO

The Puans CiOO.

All these joined the french against the five nations in the late war, \-. all of them, except
the Miamis, are seated about or near to the Lake Illinois, which is now commonly calli'd by
them .Michigan, and on the rivers that run into it, & on the Lake I'uans, &tiie Hiver Illinois

On the .Mississippi, & the hranclu s of it, there are many great nations, es|)ecially to the
West, as the .Missouris, O/ages, Acausias, (dilferent from those of Acansa on the Last) with
many more, not less, as is atlirmed than GO.OOO men; with all whom it is said the french have
peace or some alliauce.

State of the Colons. 19

On the otluT Imtul, nil tli« Enplish to the iiDrtliwnrd of Carolina have, n ' liW)0 flfr> iig
men in their intert'Ht to he depentled on, except tlie f» nations; — in N w Kiiitlaiii ic
Conneclient they iiave very lew; in New York only the river IndianH, tit^iileH ilie uve
nations ; — in Jersey & I'ennsylvania, tlieir own or home nations, called Del iwares, are
exeeeflinjily decreased and heing in snlijedion to the five nations, take their rules Ironi
them; — iti Maryland & N'ir^inia, there are very lew, except those to the South-west, whom
Colonel Spotswood with great industry has lately gained hy treaties Ar, hostages.

Those ol Carolina, & the natimis lately in Iriendsliip with them, have been very nunjerous,
lint are not so at |)resent ; the I'reneli having made great incroachinents in those parts, and
gained many (d the Indians there over to their interest.

'I'lius, liy one view ol the Map ol .North .\merita. Your .Majesty will see the danger your
Hulijects are in, surrounded hy the Irench, who have rohhed them of great part ol' the trade
they lorinerly drove with the Indians, have in great measure cut oil" their prospect of further
improvements that way, & in case of a rupture, may greatly incommode, if not absolutely
destroy tlicin hy their Indian .Miles. .\nd although the iiritish I'lantations are naturally
liirtilied, hy a chain of .Mountains, that run from the hack of South (Jarolina, as far as New
York, passahle hut in few places; yet should we not possess those passes, in time, this would
rather prove destructive than heiietii iai to us.

C<>.\SlI)KH.\ri(K\8

l-\ir Si(uiiiig, ImjiKiiiiig \ I'.nliiigdifr ijnur Mtij(stif$ Dumiiiionn in Avitncti.

ITaving laid hi-lore your Miijesty the state of your I'lantations on the Continent, having
observed the importanci' ihfir traile is to these Kingdoms, &: shewn how much they lie
exposed to the incursions of their Kuropean neigliliours, & of the Indians in their Interest;
what further remains is, th.>t we ^ll()uld liumlily oiler to your Majesty's consideration such
methods as have occurred to us, for secwriuii, improving & enlarging so valuable a possession,
as that of your .Majesly.i dominions in America; which we conceive might most efl'ectually
be done —

1" Hv TAKI\(» TIIK M;(KS><AKV IMtEf AIMOXS TO I'JIEVE.NT THK EXCROACU.MENTS OF THE
FKKNCII, dU (IK AW OTIIEK Kl'UOPEA.N .NaTION,

i^'' \\\ Ct-l.TIVAIIXii * coon I XUEUMTANUlSii WITH THE NATIVE I.NOIANS,

Ano i.asti.v, nv n rrivd rii!: (JovEUNMENr oi- rim i'La.ntations vvoh a uettkh i'oot.

In order therefore to secure your Majestys colonies from the encroachments of their
Kuropean neighbours in America, whereof we receive daily complaints from the several
(jovernors on the Continent, it will be highly necessary to begin, by fortifying the two
extremities to the North & ."^oiilli.

This will appear the more necessary, when it shall be considered, how much the french have
strengthened their settlements in the neighbourhood of Nova .Scotia & ('arolina, whilst yonr
Majesty's subjects, either through neglect or misfortune, are nuich weaker in these two
provinces, than any other part of America.

It has been already observed, that there are not above two British families in all Nova Scotia,
beside the Garrison of Annapolis, consisting of at present, only six companies of 34 men,
each, but there are still near UOUU IVeach inhabitants remaining in this province, who, contrary

h '

•M\

Hfprfwntation on th

'If

't-y

i-:;

N -

tu'llii' troafy of I'trtvlit, r.-fiisf to tnU.- tin' oallM ol Allt'niiiiict' to your .NfajcHiy, S( in
niinliiuation with their coiiiilryiiKMi at rai»t« llri-toii, arc daily iii.oliuMtiiiji llic iialivt- linliaiiH
not orilv to coiiiinil iii<iiihs ii|ioii yinir Nliji'styH Hultjfcts, liMhiii^ upon the Coa?*! of iNovu Scoiiii
l)ut t'v»Mi to Hi't up a tilh' to till' whoh' proviiin', in opposjiion to your .Miijcsiy's riulii.

The frcncii likt'wisc |)r('tt'ii<l, llial only the pciiitisula oC Accadia (lianily our ihu'l part of
Nova Scotia) was yii'hlc(i to tlu' I'louii of (in-, it Uritaiu liy tin' treaty of I'trcrlitj anil
iiolwithstandintf tliis pretence is snllirieinly refilled in the fiiniier part dI this report, l>y
eoiiipariiisi: the Cliarter to Sir Wdliatii Alexander, the lirst projiriflor ol Nova .Seolia, with the
article of Cessioti in the treaty of I irecht; yet from tliene iiiireasonalile caviU, ' • lime of
profound peace &• frieiilship lietweea the two Nations may he collected, how dedirous the

trench, are to ma

l-.e tl

lemselves in isiers o

f tin

iii)\ince, which ihev may easilv ovcrrnn on

the first rupture, the same heiiii; in a manner already surromidcd hy their sclllemeiits at
Cape IJretoii, liOiii; Island, and (^iiehcc.

In our liumhle o|iinion, therefore, md time should he lost in puiiini,' nf this pro\ it into a

lietter posture o

f del

cliee

vV Wi

iliU

hei; leave to repeal uiii |HMpiis,il ot seiidliit.

Iiilir

rcLriinents ot' foot to Nova .*^colia.

Without some assistance of this nature, it will he in vain tn lliinU of setlliim Nova ."^cotia;
for planters will never lix, where they can have no security tor their persons or ellects, Imt
wlienever this main point sliali lie siilli. uiitlv jiroN idcd hir, it is Id he hopeii, so lertile a ('oiiiitrv
will not want intiahitanl^'. All reasonahle em ourapenient however hliould lie i;iveii to
adventurers to settle there; & in some tormer reports lo your .Majesly, we have hiimhlv otVer'd
it as our opinion, that it would he ;:really for your service that the presei.i i"lahilaiitH of
Newfoiiiidland should he enirai;ei'

to the li-diery of (Ireat iSrilain, and settle in ,\,)v,i
this Kingdom.

We shall not troulde yniir Majesty with the reperiimi of |he purticiilars nienlioiied in furmer
parts of this representation coiiceriiiut.' llie (orlitications proposed In he erected on Ihe ('oa>t of

:uit that |>liice, where they drive a trade prejiidieiai

^I'otia, wheie thev mav 1

le iiseliil lo

,\ovia ."^cotia; hut shall hei; leave in mneral to ohserve, that h

ivs and harhours Hliouhi I

»«

secured, \- some forts Imilt in |)ro|)er jilaces tor the protection of your M.ijesly's snlijeciM lishiiii
upon the Const.

In that part of tliis report, relating' to the french settlenient.s, we have lak

en notice

nature has furnished the llritish Colonies with a harrier.

that

wine

I may easily he deleiided, having

east up a lorn,' ridire of mouatains helweeii your .Majesty's ri.nitations & ihe french settlements
extending from South Carolina to .New York; hut there are douhtjess several passes over these

ind we had the

Mountains, wliiidi ought lo he secumi as soon as ihev shall he discovered

honour not long ago to reccommend to your .Maj.'sty's approhation a proposal for fortil

the passes on the h;ick of \'irginia. In our opinion all possihle eticmiragenient should 1

VMU

to discoveries \- uiiderlak

e given

ngs of I his nature

lor It

are not secured, your Majesty'

Indians under their inliuence, who are very nunienms.
JJul although these .Mountains mav serve ;it present fi

ill the p.isse.x over this ridire of Mount

'jecis will he luihle lo ih,. insuhs of the trench, and of

lln^<
the

jiropose them for the houndary of your Majestys Kmpire in .A

or a very good frontier, we should not

m.rica. On the conlrarv, it

were to tie vvisned, that the 15ritisli Settlements might he .Mended hevond il
small fort.s erected on the great Lakes, in proper places, hy p

lelll,

Hom«

proprietors; & we would particularly recommend tl

■rniissioii ol th,. Indi

e huilding of a fort on the Lake K

rie,

SUit^ of the Cofonie^.

nH Imth l't'i*n prnponrd by ColonH Spotswood, your MnjpMy'n I,ipu' (lovernor of N'irRiniii,
wliiTi'liv the (r»'iK'h commiiiiicjitionH liom (^ii-lxur to tlii- Hivcr Mississip[ii, luiRlit l)0
itit»«rriipit'(l, fi lU'Wlnulc opi'iicd with Rome o( the liidiaii natidtis, & mort! of the tmtivrH
•'iiij.r^fil in voiir M:ijt'Hty'H itil»'r»'sl.

'riuTi- will !»♦> till' anmo ri'imon for t'ri'cfiiin; anollier Fort nt llie t'nWn of Mngarn, iii'iir the
liKki- ' Milario, M' hiiriift your Majcsty'n tiovt-riior of New Vnrk, liatli already (oriiu'd ii
m-lifiiu' for lliiH purpose, wliicli we hope he may he ahle to ex«'nite, hy the coiiseiit & assistance
of the Seneeas, one o\' the live Indian Nations dependent on your M.-ijesty, to whom the
soil l)elongii.

Hut hecani.e these flakes l)e at n very p;rent distance from the Settlements already made hy
yonr Mnjesty's suhjeets. to secure intermediate states, a third fort mi^iit he hnilt at the head
of I'otomack Kiver; which divides \ ir^inia from Maryland, & a fourth at the head of Sus(juehana
Wiver, which runs throu«h I'ennsylvania, into the May of (Mieseaprake.

(.'arolina likewise l»ein>{ the Southern frontier of your Majesty's I'huitations, and iyinp mu<'h
exposed to the incursions l)olli of tlie french & Spaniards, as well as to the iiisidls of the lndi!">
demands your Majesty's immediate assistance and protection.

It would \w for your Majcstys service, that the heads Sc endmuchures of all rivers n i
throuph this provitu'e should he secured. .And in our liumhie opinion, a less force than lour
regiments of foot will not he Hutlicieiit for the protection of you. ^Iiijf.-,ty'" :;ulijcc|s there;
especially considerinu; how many places will rcipiire garri^ons : For hesides those already
mentioned under the head of C'arolimi, it will lie hinhly necessary, that three others should he
erected on the Savanah, ('atahooche, & IIagoloi,'c Itiver.i; (or at I'alachakolas, on the Savanah
Kiver, the french had tormerly a settlement, in the time uf Charles the Ninth, Sc intend to settle
there again, if not prevented.

A lort on Catahooche Kiver would Hecure a communication with tlie hay of Apolatche, &
another on Hagaloge River might not only interrupt the communication of the french settlements,
hut likewise give your Majesty's suhjccts an o|ip<)rtunity of gaining the (^herokees, a warlike
nation and the only Indians of consecpienee in those parts, that have not already made peace
with the french.

We are very .sensible, that this proposal will be attended with e.\pense; l)ut we hope it
iiidy he fidly justified by the necessity thereof, for the preservation of tlie British Colonies
in America.

\S RELATION TO THE I.XDIAN'S.

The second particular, wherein your Majesty's interest is highly concerned, with respect to
the trade & the security of the British Plantations, is that of cultivating a good understanding
with the .Native Iiulians, as well those iidiabiting amongst your Majesty's Subjects, as tho.se that
borcb'r upon your Majesty's dominions in America; and herein at all times hath consisted the
main support of our french neighbours, who are so truly sensible, of what consequence it is
to any Kuropean nation, settling in America, to gain the natives to their interest ; tliat they
have spared no pains, nor cost, or artifice to attain this desirable end ; wherein it must be
allowed, that they have succeeded, to the great preju<iice of your Majesty's subjects in those
parts, liaving debauched, as hath already been observed some parts of the five nations bordering
upon New York from their Ancient league Sc dependence on the Crown of Great Britain.

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For this purpose their Missionaries are constantly employed, frequent presents are made to
tlie Sachems or Kings of the several .Nations, & eiico\iragemeiit given lor intermarriages
between the french & natives; wherehy their new Kmpire may in time he peopled, without
draining france of its inhabitants.

It was for this reason, that, in the draught of Instructions for the (lovernor of Nova Scotia,
we took tlie liberty of proposing to your Majesty that proper encouragement should he given
to such of your .Majesty's subjects as should intermarry with the native Indians; and we
conceive it might be for your .Majesty's service tiiat the said Instructions should be extended to
ull other British Colonies.

Your Majesty & your Royal Predecessors, have frequently made presents to the Indian Chiefs,
more particularly to those of the live n;itions; but as the same have always hitherto been a
charge upon the Civil list, which is generally overburlliened, so those presents have not been
very regularly or seasonably sent to America; & consequently many opportunities of improving
the British interest in those parts, must iiave been lost, for want of them ; for which reason, it
is to be hoped, that more exactness will he had in this particular for the future.

It is likewise much to be lamented, that our zeal lor propagating of the Cliristian liiith in
parts beyond the seas, hath not hitherto much enlarged the pah of the British Church amongst
those poor intidels, or in any sort contrihuteti to promote the interest of the Staie in .\merica;
but as it is not so immedifitely our province to propose any tiling particular upon this head, we
can only wisii, that the same may be ! realter put upon a better foot.

There is however one other melhe '»'t't for gaming the good will of these Indians, which
providence has put into our iiands, ;■ il wherein the french could not possibly lival us, if we
made a right use of our advantage, ii that is, the furnishing of them, at honest & reasonable
prices, with the several Kuropean cummodilics, ihey may have occasion lor, but even this
particular, from the unreasonable avarice of our Indian traders, & the want of proper regulations,
has turned to our detriment, and instead of gaining us Iriends, has very probably created as
many enemies.

But as we are entirely of opinion, that the Indian trade, if fairly carried on, would greatly
contribute to the increase of your .Majesty's power & Interest in .Xmerica, we should humbly
propose, that the same may be put under as good regulations, as the nature of the thing will
admit, for on the successful progress ol this trade the enlargement of your -Majesty's dominions
in those parts doth almost entirely depend, in as much as all the Settlements, that may at any
time hereafter be made beyond the .Mountains, or on the Lakes, must necessarily build their
hopes of support much more upon the advantage to be made by the Indian trade, than upon
any profits to arise from planting at so great a distance from the sea.

This trade then ought by all possible means to be encouraged ; it ought to be equally free in
all parts, to all your Majesty's Subjects in America, & all monoi)olies thereof discouraged, that
no one Colony, or sett of people whatsoever may engross the same, to the prejudice of
their neighbours.

All your Majesty's Governors, in their respective governments, should use their utmost
endeavours to prevent the traders from imposing upon the Indians ; upon complaint of any
injustice done them, cause satisfaction to be made, and, upou all occasions, shew the utmost
resentments against the offenders.

And that your Majesty's subjects may be the more easily induced to extend this trade as far
Westward, upon the lakes & rivers behind the Mountains, as the situation & ability of the
respective Colonies will permit; forts should be built, & garrisons settled in proper places
to protect them.

SUtte of the Coloni€<9.

It would likewise he for your Mfijcsty'sservici', that ihc several Governors of your Majesty's
plantations should endeavour to make treaties & alliances of friendship witii as many Indian
Nations as tiiey can; in which tre.-ities all your Majesty's suhjects should he expressly included;
all the Indian Nations, in amity with your Majesty's suhjects, should, if possihie, he reconciled
to eacli other; & all traders should he instructed to use their endeavours to convince the said
Indians, that tlie Knglish have l)ut one King, & one interest.

And if any Iiulian Nation, in leagiie or (riendsliip with any of your Majesty's Colonies, should
make war, plunder, or any way molest any other Indian Nation, in friendsiiip with the same
Colony, Vour Majesty's (Governors should use all possihie endeavours to ohli>j;e tiie said Indians
to make satisfaction for tiieir hreacli of (aith to the party aggrieved.

And that all tiie (Jovernors of your Majesty's plantations may he informed of the state of
every other (iovernuient, with respect to the Indians, it will lie necessary, that every governor
upon his making any treaty witii any Indian niitiuu, should immediately communicate the same
to all other your Majesty's (iovernors upon the Continent.

We are likewise of opinion, that it might he convenient to imitate the frencli, in sending
iiome some chiefs of the most considerahle Clans or luitions, to wliom they take care to shew
the (Jlory & splendor of the frencli nation in Kiirope, tliat the said Indians may, upon their
return, instill the greater respect for llieni anuing their countrymen.

All which particulars would, in our Iniuihlf opinion, much conduce to the securing of the
natives in your .Majcstys Interest, & to the enlargement of your frontiers in America.

1\ KKI.ATION TO THE GoVEIlNMENT OF THK PLANTATIONS.

The Laws & constitutiims of your Majesty's Colonies are copied from those of Great
Uritaiii, hut fall short of them in many particulars; some of which have however from time to
time heen corrected iV amended hy your Majesty's Instructions to the respective (iovernors of
tlie ditferent Colonies under your Majesty's immediate government; and they might he rendered
still more perfect, if vour Majesty's Commands met with due ohedience in the proprietary &
Charter riovernmenls.

This is the great ohstacle, which has hitiierto made it impracticahle to put the plantations
in general upon a i)elter foot ; & therefore we shall heg leave to mention some of those
inconveniencies, that have arisen from the large powers & privileges, suhsisting hy virtue of
several Charters, granted hy your Majesty's Koyal Predecessors; wherehy not only the soil,
hut likt'wise the duniiniou or (Joverument of several Colonies is ahsolutely alienated from the
(,'rown, to certain proprietors, who far from employing the said powers &: privileges to the
use for which they were designetl, as we find hy former reports from this hoard, iiave frequently
refused ohedience lo such orders as have Ix'cii given hy your Majesty's Uoyal Predecessors;
have hroken through the laws of trade \- navigation; made laws of their own, contrary to
those of <;reat Ihilain; given shelter to pirates and outlaws, & refuse to contrihute to the
defence of the Neighhouring Colonies under Vour Majesty's immediate (iovernuient, even in
cases of the greatest emergency, altlio' they would not have heen ahle to suhsist themselves
without the assistance of their neighours.

And although, in justice to some of the proprietary (lovernments, it must he allowed, that
they are not all ecjually involved in this charge; yet certain it is, that great inconveniencies
do arise from so many tlifVerent forms of (iovernments, & so many «lifVerent interests on the
Continent of America; nor is it to he expected, that either our Indians or Kuropean neighhours
Bhuuld pay that respect to your Majesty's suhjects, which all those who have the happiness to

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Jiepre^entation on tht

be under Your Mnjesty's protection,
tliiit all the British Toloiiies in
interest to puisne; lor which reiison,
proprietary irovernnients shonhi he rf-assnine(

inisht otlierwise reasonai)Iy hope for, until it shall appear,
America hold inunc.li^ilclv nt one l-citl, iV have hnl one joint

or otherwise, as conceivinu; this

iV many otliers, we shall lirsl iuimhly propose, that all the
(i to the ('row II, either i)y purchase, aiireenient,
f those essential points, willioiil which your

to 1

)e one o

Mnjestv's colonies can never lie put upon a riiiht lootinu:

It niiuht likewise he further ohservetl upon this head, thnl some ol' the I'roprietary and
charier ( ioverninents have shewn too i:rcat an inclination to he iiide|iciuli'iit ot their Mother

kiinrdoiii, iV have carried on a trade

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velv res

•tive to that ol (ueat iiiitaiii, wh. rein they iniu
Iraiiicd, if thev were all ot them under your Majestyi

immediate povernnient, & were hv projicr laws compelled to follow the comniands sent them
by VDur Maiestv; \- it hath ever heei. .iie wisdom, not onlv cil (ireat Hrilaiii. hut likewise of

diate (It

all otiier states to secure, hy all ]i(issii)lc means, the entire. aOsolute, A: immeiliaie depeiuleiicy
of their colonies.

On the other li.and, it were hut jiisi to consider the planters, whatever < Jovernmeiils they
may live under, as your .Majesty's siil)|ects; and that in all reasmiahle ihiims, not prejudicial
to the in.L'rest of (ireat liritain, thev sliould he tiivoiired \- encoiiraired, more particularly ill
the raisinir of Naval Stores of all kimis, whereby tli?'y may ureatly aiKaiitaue theniseUes, iNc
contrihute to render ttieir Mother Kinudom absolutely independent ot all the .Northern powers;
& that their reliijion, liberties & properties should he inviolahly |)reser\e(i to them.

We have already had a very snccesslul proof ot what due eiicoiiraiiemeiils produce, in the
particulars of pilch & tar; which at present are made in as ureal perlection in your Majesty's
plantations, as in ■ .ly other part ol the world, \ in siicii plenty, as will enahle us to supply
foreign parts, since it hath reduced the common price of those I'lunmodities one third of their
former cost witliiu the space of a very lew years, vvherehy the importation ol' pitch & tar fVoiii
the Ualtick is greatly decreased, \- much money saved in the halance of our trade. Nor is it
to be doubted, but iron, liax, hemp, iV all sorts of tiniher, might likewise he had from your
Majesty's plantations, with the same success, upon sullicieiit encouragemeiii wherehv tlu' tradti
& navigatioii of these realms would he highly advanced. \- the pl.intatioiis diverted from the
thoughts of setting up manufactures ol their own. iiilerleriiig with tiiose of (Jreat liritain, &
Irom carrying on an illicit trade with fiireimiers; hut we shall have all opportunity of explaining
ourselves more particularly upon this head, in a separate re|ireseiitalioii to your .Majesty
relating to such further |)remiiims as we conceive necessary for promoting so eseliil a design.

\oiir majestys revenues, arisini; from the <piit rents reserved upon grants of lands made hy
your .Majesty I'c your Hoyal rredeeessors, hear no proportion to the extent of your Majesty's
territories in America; Itir such has heeii the impro\i(|etit management in ihis particular, that
whole provinces have been granted without any, or upon very small reservations to the crown ;
& the (iovernors of your Miijesty's colonies, who are hy their ('oniiiii.ssions &: Instruciiona
usually impowered to make irranls of lauds, have freijueiiilv ahiised their authority herein, by
making exorbitant grants to private persons, & the small .[uit rents, that have been reserved,
liave not been so punctually collected &- .iceounted for, as they oiiirht to have been: The

registers of such (Jrants being very iiupeilectly kepi & iiodue ohed

Auditor of the planlalions. 'I'liere are likewise other al
up lands, whereby the grantees preserve their

ience jiaiii to your .Majesty's

luses practised in the manner of taking

aim, wildest voiir

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b-d of

quit-rents, the lands remain uncultivated, & the industry of the fair planter is discouraged."

your

' •t^'t^'-i-'i-

State of the C'olonie.^.

To prevent these abuses, it may he necessary (or your Majesty's service, that the Governors
ol your Majesty's Colonies on tiie conlincut should lor the future he restrained from uiakiug
^ranls, without reservation of the usual (|uil-reiit.s to your Majesty: & from making any grants
exceeding I0()0 acr»'s to any person in his own, or any otlier name in trust for him; and that
all grants, hereafter to i)e made, should he void, unless the hmd granted, or at least two thirds
tliereoli he cultivated within a certain term of years to be lixed for that purpose.

That no person should he allowed to hold any lands, for which a patent hath not been
actually passed, either under the seal of the respective plantation, or the great Seal of this
Kingdom, & that all persons petitioning for the future, to take up lands, should be obliged,
u|»on allowance of such |ieti(ion to pass a patent for the same within the space of six years, &
pay liu* usual duties due thereon to your Majesty; in default whereof, tlie said allowance to be
void, & the land to he grantiihie to any other person.

That an exact register be ke|)t of all grants already made or to be made; that the quit-rents
arising therefrom i;e duly accounted for to your Majesty's Auditor of the plantations; And
that likewise all money whatsoever levyed in your Majesty's name, in any of your Majesty's
Colonies be accounted for to the said Auditor; wiiich we the rather mention, l)ecause some of the
Northern provinces (particularly that of New York, iuive of late refused to account with your
Miijesty's Auditor, for monies raised by their Assemblies; which is a practice detrimental to
your Majesty's authority, &: tends to the shaking oH' that dependency, which they owe to your
Miijcsty & to their inollier Kingdom.

Tlie preservation of the woods in America, which hath liitherto been much neglected, is
another particular of very great conseipience to your Majesty's service; inasmuch as the same
might prove an inexhaustible store lor the Itoyal Navy of (ireat Britain. And allhough
several Parliaments have been so seusil>le of the importance of this .\rticle, that laws have
been made in Kngland for litis purpose, yet the daily com|)laints from .\merica are a proof
how ill these lasvs are executed, & how little regard is paid to your Majesty's Commission &
lusiructions to your Surveyor (ieru'ral of the Woods; which is not so much to be wouder»'d
at, considering the present Surveyor only acts by Deputy, no ways qualitied lor that
I'inplovment, although so extensive a trust would reipiire the constant attendance of a capable
\- well experienced oflicer, & ought not to be left to the managemi'iit of a Deputy.

r>ut the many iiuonveiiiencies, thai arise from the granting of Ollices in the plantations to
persons acting by De|iuly there, may deserve your Majesty's animadversion; and we would
lu.mbiv jiropose, that no oHiii-s ii. the plantations may be granted for the future, without an
expri'ss clause in each patent, obliging the grantee to attend & discharge the duty of liis otlice
in person.

Wi- beg leave turther to observe, that the laws at present in force for the preservation of
your Map'sty's woods, are very defective, for the exception therein made, whereby liberty is
given lor the cntting of timber growing upon the l.inds of several persons, hath given rise to
many pretensions toi destroying timber tit for the service of the l{oyal Navy; wherelore we
would huuihlv propose, that further provision should he made, by Act of Parliament iu Creat
Uritain, for asciMtaining your Majesty's rii;ht to the woods, & the boundaries thereof.

hut the most etVeclual way to put in execution what we have already oHere<l upon this
suhjecl lo your Majesty's consideration, & to render the several provinces on the Continent of

A rica, from Nova Scotia to South Carolina, mutually subservient to each others support,

will be lo put the whole under the Covernmenl of one Lord Lieutenant, or Captain Ceneral,

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Representation on the State of tlie Colonies.

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from whom all olliors Governors of pTVticiilnr provim-os slioiilii rccoivp llit'ir orders, in ail
cases, for vour ]\I,ijesty's service, &- cease to have any coiniiiaiKl resiieelively in such |>roviriee,
where the said (.,'aiitaiii (ieneral siiali at any tin)e reside, as is at present pmetised in tho
Leeward Islands, wliere oaeii Island has a particuhir (Jovernor, hut one general over

the whole.

The said Captain deneral should he constantly attended hy two or more t'onnciihirs deputed
from each plantation, he should have a fixed >Jalary, sutVicient to support the dignity of so
important an employment, independent of tiie pleasure of the Iniiahitants ; and, in onr
JHunhle opinion, ought to be a jiers.iu (i( good fortune, di.stinetion & experience.

Bv this means, a general contnhiition of men or money may he raised upon the several
Colonies, in proportion to their respective ahilities, \- the utility of this proposal is so evident,
that we shall not trouhle your Majesty vvith any further reasons to enforce tlies:un"; !>ut in
ease your Majesty should he graciously pleased to approv thereof, we shall take a further
opportunity of explaining, in what manner it may hest he executed.

Hut we humbly crave leav«' to inform your Majesty, that it will he further necessary for your
service, that whoever presides at this Hoard, may be particularly and distinctly charged with
your .M.ijesty's iuimi'iiate orders, in the (lisp:itch of all matters relating to the I'lanlations, in
such manner, as the first Commissioner of the 'I'reasury, & Admiralty, do now r«'ceive &
execute your Majesty's commands ; with whom the Captain (Jeneral, &- nil other (iovernors of
your .Majesty's IManlations, may correspond.

We the rather mention this, hec.ause the present method of dispatching husinega, relating
to the Plantations, is liable to much delay & conl'usion ; inasmuch as there are at present no
less than three ditferent ways of proceeding herein; that is to say, hy immediate np|)lieation
to your Maje.:ty hy one of your Secreta.ies of State; by petition to your .Majesty in Council,
&•. by represent \t ion to your Majesty from this Hoard: from wlien(t' it hapjiens, that no one
Ollice is thoroughly informed of all matters relating to the I'lantations ; and sometimes iirders
are obtained by surprize, disadvantageous to your Majestys Service; whereas if the bnsmes.s
of the I'lantations were wholly contined to one ( Mlice, these inconveniencies would l)e
thereby avoided.

All which is nuist humbly submitted.

J. ( 'lllMWVM*
I*. DoKMISIyVK.

^^'''''•'■""i" M. lli.Am:.v.

f^i'P'S. 1721 K. AsHK.

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