** "^ ^ sfei V ^. i.v» □ tlOO VMiyn* Amom, 8uN« 1100 130910 301/Si7«203 /, ^ %<^ Centimeter 2 3 4 iiliniliinliiiiliiiitii 5 6 78 9 10 n 12 43 U 15 mm iliiiiliiiilHiiltiiiliiiJiiitliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiiiiiiliNilitiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliinl l^ l |ll| l| ll| l| ll| l |ll [ l | l | ltl | l l/ l ji^ ^ ^ 1 Inches I.I Itt Kb. £ 1^ 12^ 11.25 I 1.4 1.8 1.6 5 ^^A 4f^ -s 4s • 1l '^ MflNUFflCTUREO TO RIIM STONDflRDS BY APPLIED IMPCE. INC. Q^ ^^ ^ J ■ CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) ICWIH Collection de microfiches (monographies) CcmdiMi IraUniu t« Htotoriwl Mloror.prodMC«lo«» / Innltiit c«r»dl«i d* mMraMpraductlom M«mI<|um ^ ^^ s>^^ •> 1 J^^ \ I .'". TMltnicil and BibNofrapHic NotM / N^«m MchniqiiM tt bibliorap*iiiH«« Tht Imtitutt hat altamptad to obtain ttM batt orifinal copy availaMa for fitankif. Faatum of thii copy wHicb may ba WMtofraphteallv ilniqua. wrtifeh may altar any of tha imaiM in tba raproduction. or wMob may liffiifieantly chanflt tba usual matbod of fibnint. ara ebacfcad balew. □ Colpurad covart/ Couvartifra da coutaur □ Cooy daiwapd/ Couvartura □ Cbvart raMorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura rattaurte at/ou pallicuMa □ CotMrtittaminint/ . La titra da eouvartura mamiua , □ Colourad maps/ CartH 9*c%rapbiquas an coulaur □ Colourad ink (i.a. otbar than bHM or Mack)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua Maua ou rtoira) a D Cotourad platM and/or iliuttratiom/ Planaba* at/ou iliuttratitim an coulaur Bound with otftar matarial/ Rali4 avae d'autrat docunianti □ Tifht bindint may cauM ihadom or distortion along intarior margin/ D La raliura tarrte paut cauwr da I'ombra ou da ia distortion la long da ia marga intiriaur* Blank \—n» addad during rastoration may appaar within thataxt. Whanavar possiMa. thasa hava baan omittod from filming/ II sa paut qua cartaincs pagM blancbas aiouttes tors d'una rastauration appiraissant dans la taxta, mais. lorsqua eda *tait possible, cas pagas n'ont pas M f ilmtes. L'Institut a mierof ibn« la maillaur aKampl*lra qu'il lui a *t* pds s iMa da sa procurer. Las d*ttils da cat aMampl a ira qui sont paut-«tra uniquas du point da «ua MbNograpMqua. qui pauvant modifier una imaga raproduita. ou qui pauvant axigar una modification' danria mMioda normala da fihnaga sont k«dk|u4s ci da n ous. ■><. □ Colourad pagas/ Pages da coulaur 1/ D □ Phges restored and/or lamkiated/ Pages restaurtes et/ou peNicultos 02 discokMirod. stained or foxed/ Pages dteolortes, fechet^ ou piqu|(N □ Images deteehed/ Pftgesditeehies BShowthrough/ Transparence Q Quality of print varies/ Qualiti inigele de i'impretsion □ Continuous peginetion/ Pegination continue D Includes ihdex(esl/ Comprend un (des) index* Title on heeder taken from: / Le titre de I'en-ttte provient: issue/ □ Title pege of issue Page de titre dele D livraiton n Caption of issue/ Titre de depart da la livraiton Metthaed/ Ginerique (piriodiquet) de le livraiton Additional comments:/ Thit item it filmed at the reduction retio checked below/ Ce document ett film* eu teux de reduction iitdiqu* ci-dettout o ■ y ■^- J f . ..-., 10X 14X . IBX ax <:oA jux ■n y • * > 12X » .,;; ■; 1CX , . .'.A- ' 'K "' ' ' 20X :^^.:-:{-- 24X ^^^^^ 28X » M- : ::-.:/ 32X •'■ r Th« eopy fUfn«d har* has baan raproduead thanks to tha ganarosity of : • .„ Archivn of Onurio Toronto Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality possibia eonaidaring tha cpndition and lagibillty of tha original copy and in kaoping with tha filming contract spacificationa. Original copios In printad papar eovara ara fllmad baginning with tha front eovar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad Impras* sion. or tha back eovar whan appropriata. All othar original copias ara fllmad baginning on ttia first paga with a printad or illustratad impraa- sion. and anding on tha laatpagd with a printad or illustratad impraasion. Tha laat racordad f rama on aach microfieha shall contain tha symbol — »> (moaning "dON* TINUED"). or tha symbol V (maaning "END"), whichavar appliaa. Maps, plataa. chartv^tc. may ba tilmad at diff aram raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly includad in ona axposura ara fllmad baginning in ttia uppar kift hand eomar. laft to right and top to bonom. as many framas as raquirad. Tha following dlagriims illustrata tha. mathod: L'aKf^m'plaira f1lm4 fut raprodult grica * la gin^oait* da: Archivn of Ontario , Toronto f Laa imagaa suivantaa ont «t« raproduitaa avae la pi'ja grand soin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nanat* da I'axwnplaira fllm4. at an conf ormiti avac laa oondltlona du eontrat da >^ filmaga. Laa oxamplairaa origirMux dent la eouvartura %f\ papiar aat imprlmia sont fllmte w\ eommancarit par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la damlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta dimpraaaion ou dllluatratlon. soit par la sseond plat, salon la eaa. Tous laa autras sxamplairaa orlginaux sont fllmAa mi^ eomman^nt par la pramiira paga qui corripona una amprainta dimpraaaion ou dllluatratlon at an tarminant par la damlAra paga qui oomporta una talla amprainta. Un daa symboiaa sulvants apparaltra sur la damlAra imaga da chaqua microfieha. salon l» eas: la symbol* — » signifia "A SUIVRE". la symbol* V signifia "FIN". Laa cartaa. planchas. tablaaux. ate. pauvant Atra fllmia * daa taux da raduetion diff Grants. Lors<|u* la doeumant aat trop grand pour Atro raprodult mtx un saul cllchA. il aat fllm4 A partir ' da I'angla supAriaur gaueha. da gaucha * droita. at da haut w\ baa. vn pranant la nombra dimagas n^eassaira. Las diagrammaa suivanu illussrant la matnoda. ^ 1 •* > 2 3 Im 1 4 ■'■■ 'X- 1 2 . :r* ft,'- :*»*■■ V >■-;■»■■ -.-^.''V' . y ''^" -■•^.yv Lieut-Col. FareweH, L L. B, Q. C, i* WHITBY, ONT. (Read before the ^Ontario Educational Assoeiaiian at the Easier mettiHgi /pttltyt ; of iU r^souites th «t the state should see that its people ai* t f||ewil|ljr well ©Sucated. It has been by common consent agreed that piwwpy. should be made for the special training of those intended for ^»< |f»* fessional life. It hat not yet been settled by competent autborf^. «■! special training should be assured only to those who are to mM^ *« professionBl pursuits. If there are 'Other pursuits upon whioa MilMitt' ^ l--^' •- ■"■■.'■■-■""■■-■'■:..■; .-. • ;'■ y '■.•■ :', ^ - • ' ■•. •'■ ■■ X^2g^u.lvTven 10 q";Jity tS:.e engaged in .he.e pursuit./ • wmmon%tice rtqui^ that .uch |n.truction ihould be given. It . SXuTtCtthe n Jmb*r engaged in teachinf and other p'ofess.ons. bStimall compared with th" great army who are «i»gaged .n agncuU S« mechaSl arU. manuf^turing. mining and conimercial puriuit.. • ThJ'abSutrNttstlce.of .upplying i»pccial training for the proJeas.onal 5m* .S^e. T. I^m more o'.vious when it is con.idered that the prouerty o?5he dS* to,^ Uwyer., Teacher.. Engineer, and Cler^ men .. but ^ ISl l^pro^ti*.* to the property of tho.e whoare engaged in the S3M5o«^di«tributten of wealth /rom whichKaves for pubic m- ft«SS^«« rtii.«f;.«^«- cattnaltrainhig; as Sir John Playfair pUts it, ihcxjuest.on is "Wheth. cJiStrhoolswUr mould the minds of boys according to the.r mental varietiet^^' . , ». The «ompe!rttitoli ii too*e«n now^a-days to waste the timfc of hoy. in learning ClTiic and Modem languages to develop their in telects and cStiwiW their aesthetic sentimenti. while th^re are so many.thifigs to be \MtMa which have a plain relation to the business in which jhey areio^ their bread and butter. Is it possible to organise school. JTwhich can be tought successfully subjects which have a practical m«Si Jalue to the farmer, mochaiiic. the miner and the manuf ucturer, iS^hich will cultivate the eye and hand to the execution of de«gns, ^tlie use of tool., so that the pupil may have »>« 'ability mthjt di- raSioa tested and bi able if he ha. aptitude for such work to yike up r«Sy whatever art he follow., or if a farmer enaW** him to perform durinj his leisure, work which, aciing as a ^^ersion^ to the routine^of lifr, will be of no use^to him in the improvement ot hi. bu.ldin«. gates _^4 (ences, and in making repairs^o machinery when time Is of the r / SfjL • -,s 1 ^—-t greateit Importance to harvesting and icicurirtg hti oropi? Can wch subjects be taught under such surroundTings u . TJ", Jj!?? the pupils in line witK their intended occup4ttons and not "side irac» them into the professions? ^^ . While High Schools and Collegiate Institutes have ol ^•Jey«»" ^« made ipuch mo.^ uaelul W> the great body of P"P»'» >^'^*""* "l^J^^J*!! been made morJ practical by teaching more o' *?»»-' rP'?"t!^5j„!; learn it is still a matter^f wdllounded complamt that the tendency . of Xsl iJhiols is to dfvert pup Is intended for o^«r P«"-'*»^^" proiesiHonal We into th/t life; th*t w.ien once the boy whoij pajjnU desire him tb follow farining or chool there is but little chance pf g^"inrf him back lo the farm or work shop. If the youth has n6t been born constitutionally tired, a 4iiiike and contempt for manual labor is engendered which starU the boy i UO the « pruf«Ssstenal course, rtsulting in success or failure, or else »n^«wng an unsteadiness and u .rest which ?nds by his '•going to »f . S^tes/V »ad swellii/g the number of exiles driven there by failure of the Education- al authorities of this country. I ain quite Hware that it may be said the study of l^guagea is not comJu'sory. Most of qs remember well enough when "a slavish imi- tatioll of the Old JOuntry Gramn*r Schools" made such stMdies com- pulsory by the written taw as they are now by the unwritten Jaw. "What's the goJd of a boy who does not study Latin any way" is the often expressed feel hv of the High School boy who^does Y"**". ^^^J*": In Sir Lyon Playfair right ih his theory that "s hools should aid boys in discoveHUg the class of knowledge best suited to their mental ca- pacities so that knowledge may be specialised to cultivate the powers of men to the fullest extent?" '- Is Herbert Spencer's charge against the schools of England applic- able to our own-namely, "that which our school courses leave most enti ely out, will be found that which most nearly concerns the bu»i- ness of life?" • If the carrying on of agricultural mining and manufactures in the best possible manner, is of any importance to this youn|< and promis- ing country located alongside of a keen, active, praciical nation of 70.000,0 >o, it is about time some provisiott was made for schools^ in which boys "can discover the class of knowledge best suited to their mental capacities." Our First Vice-President, Mr. Chownjn his able paper oil Manual , Training read before us in 1897, which will well repav your careful per- usal, quotes from Froebel hs follows; "The humaW mind is <.'*"'/*"." well an acquisitive. A scheme of Educat.on w..ich concerns itself with itiit acquisitive powers merely, and this has been the usuil scheme of the schools hitherto, is fatally one sided and partial. Man is ^leveloped and cultivated towards the fulfilment of his destiny and mission and » to be valMod even in boyhood not only by what he receives and a^m - 5.1 ^i ■■'h' -4 'v from without but more by what he/M// &«/ and unfolds from him»ell. Experiei>ci£ and history teach that men truly and effectually promote human welfare much more by; what they put forth from them»elvc» than by what they h I ve acquired." The nascent period for developing the forms of manual skill is f r6m about four to fourteen. The brain centres which preside over the movemenu of the hand develop rapidly during this period and attain a greater degree of efficiency than it is possible for them to reach at any later period of life. , ^grcat teacfher is correct, ^piness depend so much ig, and the best interests It would seem that if the reasoning of thi that the arts upon which human liiu and h; can be greatly benefitted by Manual Train) of the coun.ry promoted^ How does the theory stand the test of experience? *The Kindergar- tens of Germany and other countries have trained the young children. The Russian Manual Trathiing of Ue la Vos spreading ovei? Continental Europe has trained the older boys lOr doing fine and intricate mechan- ical w rk. Sir Lyon Playfair asks. -Why i? it that we see whole branches of manufactures where they depend on scientific knowled,^e passing away from Briuin where they originated in order to engraft themiives abroad and leaving only their decaying roots at home?" His answer is that "The English system of Education is too narrow for the increasing struggle of life." "Tne English Railway and Engineer Review" says "Is it not strange that only a few years ago the -lect- rical btudentsin the United States had to send to England for text books, now we have the stiange spectacle of English Engineers send- ing to A|ner»ca fdr machinery built according to the ideas of their former Students." How murh does the British Empire and the world owe to its me- chanics and manufacturers for all that ministers to the health, com- furt and enjoyment of the race and yet how little s being done for the boys who are "to take up the burden" is too well shown by Mr Hu- bert MacWor.h, Government Mine Inspector. He said not many years ago, "is it not a little remarkable that nowhere in England as far: as I know is the m. chanic instructed i|i those simple rules by which he may avoid failures, shorten labor, fjiuse his own value and improve his art." We are supposed to have vast quantities of undiscovered and unde- veloped mineral wealth stowed away irj the N rthern and Western parts of th s province. What are we doing towar.^s instructing any number of the young men of the country how to discover minerals and identify them, how to mine for them, how to protect the miners while carryingonihe dang, rousyjperations, how best to get the minerals to the surface <^ the earth antThowf to refine and make them saleable? Much valuable instruction in such subjects c<>uld be taught in the High $cho<]dl& by Scie^ and Matheroatical Mastery who had given * (•: !r A . ^ f-*w ■^fi gr ^'f *s (•■ ■'Vl. these subjects special study. s theit any more pretting or important ^uettion (or the Lducattoriitt and Suteimen of Ontario than the mln- inrg queatipn? ' * That there is need for tuch instruction is shown by the fact that npt many years ago one in every right miners was killed the a;auscs being expto ions, flood ng of mines, defective machinery used in working the mines,or unskilled "managemrnt of the same. The coaF tracers of Great I Britain in meeting assembled bv request of a Parliamentary committe* charged with enquiring into the causes of death to so manv miners, leclared that the high death rate was cauted largely by the. ignorance of the miners and their overseers, and recommended that mine owners should see that instructions should be given to the miners by whicn it was'b.licvcd that the nun^ber o( deaths might be greatly reduced. An .eminent Government Mine Inspector stilted in thistonnedtion that "there would be no difficulty in spreading amongst the miners the inclination and the means of be* coming better acq>iainted with the operations upon which tliehr lives depend," and that lAen might easily be trained as overicers and. mine b «ilifTs, to the great advantage of the laborer and mine owner. The deifects of our present 8>s\pm have been pointed out by many United States authorities on educational maU^ at existing there also. Charles Francis Adams Jr., speaking of HI^Massachusett* public schools which cost «4>OQo,ooo a year says, • Tfljb imiUivc or memoriz- ing faculties only arc cultivated and little or no attention is paid to the thinking or reflective powers, indeed it may be said that a child of any orig nality or individual characteristics is out of pland wood worWnf mtchjneft. «i«^ who hM h*d ptHCtkal experience in working both *^VtJ^!1 I carpenter, pattern maker and machinb', that a shop lumithed with a .team engine. .hafti..g. and Iron lathe., forge., carpenter.', '"f "»•• chini.t«' tool., to a. to give instruction a. abther iron wort, awl in the "f^teni^nt of .tatlonary .team engine.. The service, of .uch men for ^^ »»»«"• day could be procured for a .um very much leas than it costs to hire two Masters for classics and modern languages, so much !«•. *•» «*ct, that there would be a bal.mce for expenses of running the engint »na providing materials, models and drawings for use of the •ho|K. ,^ ,|^;. In a sdiool M> qualiaed a fair test of a bovs ability to succeed In tbe s mechanical arts could be easily m .de. Instruction could be givjrn In oractical work tiiiMcJi an extent that a boy leaving the school, alter a co^r^B there, c#iHtonc.' cam his living The asaocUtlons and In- flue^el of .ucSS:h««I wo .Id be all in line with the boy^ fututj^ course in life; he would hiivc acquired a respect for manual labor whirt to h^ would be dignified ^d ennobled by the fart that '» ^^CT^ ed with and dependent upon sclenHfic pnnrlples. he would be animated ' with hopes and aspirations as to distinguishing himself in his calling, he would reallic the force of Longfellow s Invocation to Ubor. ^ "In the world's broad field of batUe, in the bivouac of life . Be not like dunlb driven cattle, be a hero m the strife. <;uch a school might be made of ureat^ractical value to «J»V»««^ different ways; for example. tl|ere are thousands of •*;*;*, J**^ '"J many of them with boilers of great sise, used in dosely P^*^*^ towns or connected with manufactories employing l«g« numbm ol workmen. We are all too famHiar with bofler exptortoiw. _ What security has the pubiic th«t the men «« fj^^ •?. «.««« of sines know anything of the construction ol the engine «r the auMCt oc SSJ unexpect^ed things thnt happen ^ '^^^^ ^"^"^ .ion. Inatrurtions in the principle, of an ^^^U^^lJ^J^ denU may result from mi*mai»gement wouldbe M grcjj ^f^!!.^ engineers. With schools where such mstracttoo comM be fl ^f^Hr • sy^m of licen«ng qualMird engineers could be adoptedto tlie grwior »fety ol the public both a. to their live, and thek property. Once estobltahed the pupil. would,eome, not from the home, oi timt^i ■^. f.' t^nlei •nd farmer* aton*. but by « fMitiini Mt«ctlon ol oe0U|^tlmi from tkt commcrciiO- und prof«*tiooal damn alto. Men wbo would otb«nri«e b« third rate profeaaioiuil men, untuccMslal. diabeartened, •ad ft nitiaanrt to ibe public, would become actlrt, akilUul luid aucceit* fill ptoducvra ol w«altb. There ia aurely no aueh want of profetfiiona) tmm or lenchert m to Mader it neceaaary that all of the High Sdioola g$ the country ilMiild be worked to their fulleat capacity to turn out onodklatea for the University. The aliempl could aafely be made to convert one-third or one-fourth of tbt claaakal echoolt into practical science ichbolt on the linei abovo lAdkatMi. I have no doubt the Hon Miniater of Education has given this ques> lion Biucb thought, and ia prepared tp admit that the question should i«ctiv« attention at'fui early day, any day in fact when the country wOl Mppoit him in the measure. I trust this association will make such rtpv«Mfitations to him that he will think this question is now within the aokgi'oi practical Educational reform^ .^—^^ , . • * ■ . . ■ V ^ ■ --0000— — Itwaa moved bv Mr Farewe 1, and ^r Peter Christie, (Ontario County), that in the opinion of this High and Public School Trustees Department of the Educational Association, it is expedient that the ■tHdy of Classics and Modern Unguages other than English should he diacontlnued in one-third or one fourth of the High Schools of the province, and that Manual Training and Instruction in the use of tools and implemenu, and instruction in the subjects having a practi* «al fvlation to Agriculture, Mechanics, MAnufacturing and Mining ,AMMld be wibstitttted therefor. . A^fltrthfa motion had been brfefty dticus^ed by Metart. ChoWn, $mmt We^nar, Elliott and R«v Mr Cook» it waa , M4>Nriby Mr Hugh McMillan, Gudph, and Mr E C Peara^n, West- Mii fnd rewlved that tbis department extend to Mr Farewell a hearty «M« of tbaaki fbr the e^cettent piper which baa just been under dis- jw|f»fi{ iHd ihAt^lbel^ilnting committee not only incorporate it in the nlimitet o^Av^eedings of this department, but that it have as full a iffm% Ul tbe newepnperi aa can be secured. » ^ Mr jfiHtm Ball Dow, of Whitby, seconded by Rev. W A Cook. Thor- -* VMvod that Mr Farewell's paper on ««The elision of the ftudy of ifMfroro oiMhfo iTlh or one- third of our High Sdioola, and the ilion of 'Mtnuftl Training and Inatmctiotts in the use of Tools Ii»|ilinient%'' and bis. motion in connection therewitb, be referred ^ Ipoelil oomniittee to be nominated by the President, with power to lalDnmilion fromBowrdaof Education generally throughout . and from any other sources, and to report to the next i of tfab Association, a scheme for cnrrying into effect tb(t t M i Hi ned in hia pnper. Carried. Pmldcnt nominated the following apedal committee: Mr J. Q. C. etc., Whiibj; Mr G Y Chown, E A, KinglMB M nd / //