IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
I.I
LA
|2£
Ufi
ut
■ 3^
■ 16
IK
IB
|40
I&
iui
12.5
1125 i 1.4
1.6
150mm
>4PPLIED^ IIS/MPE . Inc
^aa 1653 East Ma n Street
^=r^ Rochester, NY 14609 USA
^S*^ Phone: 716/462-0300
JSSr-JSSS Fax: 716/268-5969
e 1993. ApplM Imaga, Inc., AN Rightt RMtrvad
^iP
:\
iV
\\
V
^ t^\ '^"^
?
4'
**v
^<^
CIHM
Microfiche
Series
(l\/lonog raphe)
ICMH
Collection de
microfiches
(monographies)
Canadian Inatituta for Hiatorieal Microraproductiona / inatitut Canadian da microraproductiona hiatoriquaa
I
Ttdiniul and Biblio«r»p»tie Notts / Nott* ttchniquM vt btbliooraphiquM
\
Th
to
Tht Inttilutt hn atitmpttd to obtain th« btit ofifinal
copy awailabl* for filming. FMturM of this copy wliieh
may ba Hibliographtcally untqua, whidt may altar any
of tha imagas in tha raproduction, or wbicti may
significantly changa tha usual mattuid of filming, art
citackad balow.
□ Colourad covtrs/
Couvartura da coulaur
D
Covars damagad/
Couvartura andommagto
□ Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/
Couvartura rastaurta at/ou palliculte
titra da couvartura manqua
lourad maps/
Caitas gtographiquas an coulaur
□ Covar titia missing/
ta
I I Colourad maps/
Colourad ink (i.a. otfiar titan Mua or Mack)/
Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua Maua ou noira)
Colourad platas and/or illustrations/
Planchas at/ou illustrations an coulaur
H
/ 1 Bound with othar matarial/
' Rail* avac d'autras documants
0Tigh' binding may causa shadows or distortion
along intarior margin/
La raliura sarria paut causar da I'ombra ou de la
distorsion la long da la marga intiriaura
D
n
Blank laavas addad during rastoration may appaar
within tha taxt. Whanavar possibla. thasa hava
baan omittad from filming/
11 se paut qua cartaines pagas blanchas ajoutias
lors d'una rastauration apparaissant dans la taxta,
mais, lorsqua cala 4tait possibla. cas pagas n'ont
pas M filmtes.
Additional comments:/
Commantairas supplementairas:
This Item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/
Ce document est filmi au tauK de rMuction mdiqu« ci-dessous
'OX 14X ,8x
L'Institut a microfilm* la maillour exemplaira qu'il
lui a M possibla da sa procurer. Las details da cat
axamplaire qui sont paut-4tra uniques du point da vua
biMiographiqua, qui pauvant modifier una image
raproduita. ou qui pauvant aNi9«r una modification
dans la mAthoda normala da f ilmaga sont indiqu^
ei-dassous.
□ Colourad pages/
Pagas da coulaur
□ Pagas damaged/
Pagas andommagias
□ Pagas rastorad and/or laminated/
Pagas rastaurtas at/ou palliculAes
Pagas discoloured, stained or foxad/
Pagas d«color«as. tachat^as ou piquto
□ Pages detached/
Pagas d«tach4as
0Showthrough/
Transparence
Q Quality of print varies/
Quality in«gale de I'impretsion
□ Continuous pagination/
Pagmation continue
□ Includes index (es)/
Comprend un (des) index
Title on header taken from:/
Le titre de l'en-t«te provient;
I I Title page of issue/
poi
of
filn
Ori
b«(
tht
■io
oth
fin
tioi
or I
The
•ha
TIN
whi
Mai
diff
anti
bag
righ
raqi
mat
Page de titre de la livraison
Caption of issue/
Titre de depart de la livraison
Masthead/
Ginerique (p^riodiquesi de la livraison
I j Caption of issue/
I I Masthead/
n
T
12X
22X
16X
26 X
30X
20X
;
24 X
2IX
□
32 1
Th« copy film«d h«r« has b—n r«produc«d thanks
to th« gonorosity of:
Librtry
Agrieiiitiira Canada
Th« imagoi appaaring hara ara tha baat quality
posalbia consldaring tha condition and laglblllty
of the original copy and In kaaping with tha
filming contract spacifications.
Original copiat in printad papar covan ara flimad
baglnning with tha front covar and anding on
tha last paga with a printad or iilustratad impraa-
sion. or tha back covar whan approprlata. All
othar original copiat ara flimad baglnning on tha
first paga with a printad or iilustratad impras-
sion. and ending on tha last paga with a printad
or illuatratad Imprassion.
Tha last racordad frama on aach microflcha
shall contain tha symbol -^ (moaning "CON-
TINUED"), or tha symbol V (moaning "END"».
whichavar appllas.
Maps, platas. charts, ate. may ba flimad at
diffarant reduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba
antlraly Included In ona axposura ara filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, aa many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:
L'exemplaira film* f ut reproduit grice A ia
gAnirosit* de:
BiMiothiqut
Afrioulturt Canada
Les Imeges sulvantaa ont 4t* reproduites avac la
plus grand soin. compta tenu de le condition et
de la nattet* de l'exemplaira film*, et en
conformit* avac les conditions du contrat de
filmage.
Les exemplalras originaux dont la couverture en
pepler est imprlmie sont f llm*s en commen^ant
par le premiar plat at en termlnant Mix par la
darnlAre pago qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d 'illustration, soit par la second
plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplalras
originaux sont filmte an comm«n9ant par la
pramiire paga qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration at en termlnant par
la derni*re page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.
Kin des symboles suivants apparattra sur la
darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon la
cas: le symbols — ^ signifle "A 8UIVRE", le
symbols V signifis "FIN".
Les cartas, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvant Atre
film*s A des taux de rAductlon diff Arenta.
Lorsqua le document est trop grand pour Atra
raprodult en un seul cllchA. II est f ilmA A partir
da Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A drolte,
et de haut •!% bas. en prenant la nombre
d'imagas nAcessaira. Las diagrammaa suivants
illustrent la mAthoda.
32 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
BULLETIN 100.
AUQUST, 1895
Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm
EXPERIMENTS
WITH
WINTER WHEAT,
Bv C. A. Zavitz. B.S.A., Exi-kkimkxta
I IST.
PUBLISUBD BT
THE ONTAKIO DEPABTMENT OF AOBIODLTUEE. TOEONTO-
TORONTO :
Pbintbu bt WARWICK BROS, k RUTTER.
1896.
THE ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
AND
EXPERIMENTAL FARM, GUELPH, ONT.
HON. JOBN DRYDBN, Toronto, Ont ,
Minister of iUrrioulture for Ontario.
Jams Mills. M.A., LL.D. ».. .. .. p,e.ident.
J. H. PANTOir, M. A., F.G.8. . . ProfeHor of NaturAl Hutory and Geology.
A. E. Shottliwokth, B.A. 8c Profeswr of Ohemirtry.
J. H. Rkd. V.S Profwior of Veterimiry Science.
H. H. Dkan, B.S.A ProfcMor of Dairy Hoibwidry.
Wii. RtsKii Fwrm Snperintendent.
C.A.ZAvm.B.S.A ExperimenUlIrt.
G. B. DAT. B.S.A. Agriculturlrt.
H. L. HCTT. B.8.A HortiouUuri.t
P.O.HABRWON.B.S.A Bwfmlogiet.
J. B. RErKOLus, B.A AieiitMit Redden* Mwter.
R.HAHOOOBT,B.aA. A«UUntOhemi.t.
L.G. J\Rvia Manager »nd Lecturer in Poultry Depwtment
R. P. HoLTKEMANK Lccturer ou Apicultuf*.
Captain Walwb Olahki Inttrnctor in Drill and Gymnaitica.
W0.8t.w*bt.M.D Phy.i,„.
^•tn'""" Stenographer.
A.MOCALLBM B^,^
ADVIdORY BOARD.
0.0. Jauxs. Secretary Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Toronto.
John I. HOBSON, CA«i>««n ,. .. Moeborongh, County of WeUington.
■
BULLETIN loo.
EXPERIMENTS WITH WINTER WHEAT.
■ewon. Abont one-half nf#i.;ff-u College dariDg the iNut
.nd the re^aiud^foV LltSire^^^^^^^^
■eeding. ■election, of grain for «id „«-„/«!• °^ 1^^"\«' ">•"»«»■ of
yield and quality of wK cut tTdiiCfrj/o!*^ ^' •°~' *»'•
va^ue of «eed from wheat cut at dX^? .^*^ °J "P*"**"' •'»'' "»•
bulletin gives a conoiw renort of Vh. « • ' T" °' "^tority. Thi.
and it aho give. Z IvCe ,^'2^7'''^ "''1^*\^' theV, te.t^
which have bin conducteJZarmW 'of ye^.^^^ "^"""'^
FlILD OOKDITIONg.
fitJ^t-edt^hrntt?^^^^^ were
he. to the rear ot the mdn cZ^L h«{ S* "'PS""?®"**! field which
dope to the -outh-weat aid ite Son ?. l?^' ?* ^"'^ ^^ • gentle
it wa. oon«derably expo^ to?hl !^w ' f*"*®"^*' elevated. Henoe
prevalent la.t iK*in '^ ^^l^^ TJ^'J^^ ^^ch were 2
prepared on the bare fallow w.tem.ndr!l!''«* ''^^ *««>. ^^
ton. of farmyard manure I^Icr^in 1894 -k** ' f^**"* •>' «"«»»
«n.e Bize. each containing^e,wtTy , of * iS* '''^SL^'"' "^^ **>«
-e have been determine! by tM^f'yiS'd.TtheX^*''^ ^
OONDITIOKS OP SkASON AND GbOWTH.
in teS^^'it iSaTSj'o'f T^'' ^'P"""'-*- -" ->-- early
upon the differentteTSJgTutu^n'C^^^^ ^^ ««-tJ
were very frequent .trong. cold w?nd.TnHn?*K ''■''^*°'7- There
•now wa. .0 often blown from tKote^i S* "*'''*'• •"^ *»»«
there w j;oT.;STorwrrrr tn"'^^^ ^-gth-iif the^iJ^!
ccneiderable amount of aleetLwoi ''P*°.»°yP»rt of them, bat a
Us hardy varietien. IJetween the 1 2th and 22nd of May there wu
LTlter'on throiir'"*'*"'!."" °"« ~'*'"'°" • .ol^LumthT
«^r Thi. I. ° T «'°u"'''' ••«?'''^'*d only 22 degree, above
ftr* K . Li*** "P"°« ^'■°*^ °''««"^«<1 the growth of the crop contider
ably bat did not .eem to da much injar/further tlun thU.
.t,ui.iJTu ^^*'' ''*'. ^"r'»'"»>«^» "» •«» excellent opportunity for
studying the comparative hardiness of the diflerent varietJe. under
test, and some valuable object lessons under this head we eurniah^^^
the thousands of Ontario farmers who visited the CoLoTn the
rt^^.:s];:XT' -'''' ^'''' '- ^eing^oa^^^r?:
Varieties Tested.
One hundred and two varieties of winter wheat were under test
The plots, as already intimated, were situated side by side ^nd^ro
paths three feet wide. AH the varieties were sown by hand at thJ
rate of wo bushel, per acre, on September 6th, 1 894. and the
germination was quite uniform throughout. The varieti^ dln^J
turnVs'eV'TH'"' '*'^ 1 '"'^' '''''^ waribouTrdaTr:,:^
Thl fin • Ti\»'°°'!«<> of^ runt and smut was small this seaaon
The following Uble gives the number of varieties testedTnd
rh^th";; :'^ ^"* "^^ '--" ^^' *•- ^^^ aver^ge^/ilfdstr
Year.
Number uf
varietiesl
grown each
year.
Average
weifrht <)f
gram imt
measured
bushel.
Average yield of—
Straw
per aoie.
Oraia
per asre.
resul J L *! T^ ''**' ''**•'« •'* S*^*' variations in the averaae
S«f i^- *^'^"^°' y«'" *• 8'''««» »«» th« »bovo table The
h^hest record m quality and yield of grain was made in 1891 That
foTenrvaTt^?l?*"'°''"'^''^ T ^v'" ^°' ' comparison oY the drf!
JnlTh Ji ? r T*'*" «''*"'° "•'^«'' ^''^^t'c conditions very favorable
for the beat development of the plants. In the vearT 1 ftfl? a^^i^oi
much valuable information wa. Obtained i^ rey^lore^mpaJi
5
-Kn'*'?!*''' °' '^^^' " """y "** **>« varietle. were badly lodged.
1890, 1892 aod 1893, there wm a coiiiiderable amount of I^at on
^ff 7'!?fu ''*"'?'' ^"'' " "■"y °' **»« varietiea were much more
affected than other, we were enabled to make some valuable com-
K!iT\ ao "?" ' ' ^'l® '""■•*"*' *'»™* ''•'" '^^fough the wintera from
ifni i-.®'*\^' "* ^®?* '"•"y°' ^''^"^ were very much winter-
.u.S'Jh I !♦? "' ''[''**''« ^"'•^ •"** ^'''«*» »»>« '»j"«d ones,
■uatained Iittl. or no iujury.
The varietiea of winter wheat which are moat desirable for ciilti-
l^*" A Ji"*r"°' ''* J****"*' *''^«'» P^""" *»>« «»^»te.t number of
l^Ji • !,'.*"^ '""''^' ?' '••^ q«»litiea. To compare the different
vanetiea in thia reBpect is the object of the present bulletin. From
TmTL'ILnTl'f.^^^ f^^^ding paragraph, the reader will readily
underjUnd that it is oj great importance to have these experiments
!.^i? I^"'!"* ^""^ ?? *'*""■"' y**"' **» Ofd®' *<> ba^e the varieties
•Objected to various climatic conditions.
ClIARACTKUISTICS AND YIKLD8 OF VaRIETIKB.
nnJin'°i"°r'"!.**'''®*'°'?**'°*'''«*'^*''*<'*«"»*'«'»nd the yields of
one hundred and two varieties tested during the past season. The
horizontal rows give information regarding the different varieties,
•nd the perpendicular columns furnish a means of comparing the
ttTr'^ T'^ri' 'i '^' ^*"«*'«- -'*•» o"* another gtart
ing at the left hand side of the table, columns 1 and 2 give the
te"rrs^r.% rT''^°'«'^' "*"'*r'i ^ *"^ * ^«^«'- *° their charac-
teristics ; 5, 6, 7 and 8 give re«ults for 189.5 ; and 9, 10, 11 and 12
give average results for four, three or two years, or or one year as
tioned m the table, we have grown some for six years. otht.* .'or five
n!;?r;„'!;?J^ '•««!»;?J«r for 'our years ; but. to allow a better com-
.Tsr prt:^^'"' *'•' ^^^'^^^ '--'*« °' -'y ''^ ^"* '0- y-s
tJtLlT'^^''A ""^^'j^" « especially directed to the last column on
the right hand side of the table, as this gives the average yield of
Z'ilJS!' '^'^•°' ^"'^ """"'^l ^°' '**« "»"'*^^ °f Tears re,5rted upon,
and the varieties are arranged in the table according to these avenge
yields, starting with the highest and finishing with*the low^t *
nn,>irj.MJ ^^'^T* °°* ^^jntw ''heat grower in Ontario but is
quite familiar with some of the varieties herein reported upon, as
kinds. The following table furnishes an excellent opportunity for
each farmer to compare the respective merits of the varieties /hich
lit
6
Ohabactkristics avd YiiLDi or 102 Variitim or Wiktkr
Whrat.
Vorietiei.
Grown for four
years.
1. Dawsou'* Golden
„ Ch»ff Bft.
3. Early Red GlawRon.Ba.
8. Egyptian jBe.
Golden Drop b«.
Surpriie | Ha.
Reliable iBe.
4.
5.
U.
7.
8.
9.
10.
American Bronze..
Bulgarian
.lone*' Winter Fife.
Goldon GrodH or
Volunteer
Standard
12. Manchenter
18. Red Velvet Chaff. .
BonnellorLandreth
Ru«iiian Amber
Walkbrs Reliable..
Democrat
Winter Pearl
S«>neca or Clawtoii .
Red Lion
Martin Amber
Canadian Velvet
Chaff
Garfield
Hybrid Mediterran-
ean
New Monarch
Mediterranean
Manilla
Lancaster
Rutherford
Rogers
Fulti
Valley . .
11
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
31.
Ba.
Be.
Ba.
,Be.
Ba.
iKa.
Ba.
Ba.
Be.
Be.
Be.
Ba.
Ba.
Be.
Ba.
Ba.
Ba.
23.
2«.
Be.
26. New Monarch ." . . i Ba.
26. Mediterranean Be.
27. Manilla Ba.
28. Lancaster Be.
29. Rutherford Be.
SO. Rogers Ba.
81. Furti Ba.
82. Valley Be.
88. Monette !Ba.
I
w
R.
R.
R.
W
R.
R.
W
R.
R.
W
R.
R.
W
R.
R.
W
W
W
R.
W .
W,
W,
R..
R..
R..
W .
R..
R.
R..
R..
R..
R..
RetulU for 180S.
I.
.2 ui
6'
lbs.
Very good 69.9
Good |ft8.8
Good '60.7
Medium. i.VJ. 3
God 67.4
Very good 'ttl.l
Veryg<K)d;60.6
Good |60.6
69 9!
w
Avtirage results for
nunriMr of years
reported upon as
)(hown in first
column to left
I i
— \—
■u
II
<
js£ .
«s k
i'i
I
tons bus. p. c.
Good.
L
M^ium.. 60.9
Good |69.»
Good... 161.6
Very good 69.0
Good 169.9
Medium., loo. 1 1
Medium .
Good....
Good...
Good ....
Good....
Good....
Good.
Good.
60
62
62.3
60.8
59
61
67. «J
60.8
Very good 62.3
Good ,69.6
Medium.. 60.6
Very good 60.1
Very good 61 .0
Medium.. 161.0
Very good,60.6
Good 62.2
Poor 60.1
Medium.. ;60.0
1.8
1.0
1.9
40.3
89.9
40.6
1.4,31.6!
l.H
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
36.4
36.0;
88.9
28.7
81.3
1.8 86.4
1.7;40 3
1.6 84.9
2.2 39.6!
1.8 88.7
1.630.4
1.1 28.0
1.2 29. 3
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
.9
1.6
36.0
83.8
88.7
32.7
29.1
80.6
22.0
.8
8130.8
84.8
24.6
28.8
26.1
26.0
18.7
27.3
2
61
31
61
lbs. 'tons
60 6
68.4
60.6
61.2
23 68.6
16 HI 6
I
2
19
15
27
14
23
38
29
23
26
69.1
61.. •{
59.6
60
68
160
167
158,
61,
160
17 61,
16 61.
29 68.
68 60.
37 60.
16 67.
34 69.
36 60.9
26 60.1
36 60.6
16 68.0
67
86
88
6
11
20
60.9
60.0
69.9
63.4
60.6
60.3
3.2
2.8
8.0
3.5
3.1
2.6
2.7
2,3
2.6
3.0
8.3
2.9
2.6
2.4
8.1
2.8
3.0
2.6
3.0
2 9
8.0
3.1
3.3
2.4
bus.
48.7
45.5
45.1
43.7
43.
43.
41.0
41.3
41. »
40.0
40.5
40.4
40.3
40.0
3U.9
30.
38. N
38.0
38.0
38.5
38.3
37 7
30.8
30.8
30.7
30.3
30.1
30.0
35.9
35.0
35.3
34.8
34.0
Charactibistics ahd Yiblds or 102 VARimw or Wimtkh
WuBAT. —Continued.
y»ri«tiM.
Orown for four
years.— Con.
S4. Hybrid Di«hl....
AvenRv rwiulu for
number of y^r*
reported upon m
■hown in fir*t
column to left.
36. Oenetee
86. Scott
87. Velvet Chtff
88. Longberry Red....
80. DeitK Longberry ..
40. Rum§ey
41. Red Wonder
43. FuloMter
48. R>-d Ruasian
44. Haumur
46. Red Inver«iblo ....
46. Hpkldinff Red
47. Browick Red
48. 8<iu»re Head
49. Regent .
60. White Patanolle..
61. Dividend
63. Oalizien Summer.
68. KeHiingland Red .
Qrown for three
years.
64. Stewart'8 Champion
66. Early White Leader
66. Soule's
67. South Bea .
68. Eureka
69. White Star.
60. British Columbia . .
61. Treadwell
Qrown for two
years.
Ba.
Be.
Ba.
Be.
Be.
Be.
Be.
Ite.
Be.
Ba
Ba.
Ba
Ba.
Ba.
Be.
Ba.
Ba.
Ba.
Ba.
Ba.
61
64.
65.
Ba.
Ba.
Ba.
Ba.
Ba.
Be.
Ba.
Ba.
W
W
R.
R.
R.
R.
W
R.
R.
R.
R.
R.
R.
R.
W
R.
W
R.
R.
R.
R.
W
W
W
W
R.
R.
W
Medium . 60. H
M<<lium.. 60.0
Very good 61.3
Medium.. 62.8
Medium.. 160. 8
Medium.. |61. 6
Medium.., (iO.O
Medium.. 61. ri
Medium.. 69.8
Poor .....lfll.4
Medium.. 67
Me<iium. .
Medium. .
Medium..
Very good
Good
Very good
Medium..
Good
Medium . .
Very good 60.4
Medium. . 69.8
Good 68.8
Medium.. 69.4
Good 69.0
Medium.. 61.8
Medium. '60 9
Very poor 69.0
Early G e n e a e e
Giwit Ba. W
Sibwian Ba. R .
Early Ripe Ba. R
Tasmania Red Be. | R.
Jonea'SiquareHewi. Ba. jW.
Medium..
Very good
Medium. .
Good. ...
Very gOoa;!>7.Ui
61.8
61.8
61.9
61.9
1.486.4
1.8|86.6
1.827.7
1.6!S6.8
i.6sG.3
.19. u; s.ii ov.u
8
OHARA(-I«RIgT.(« AND VlBLD« OT 102 VaUKTIM OK WiNT.R
yyiiKAT—ConUnimff.
VnrietiM.
Grown for two
years.- r,.M.
67. Pri.IwofOmewe,.
08. Turkmh Red
5^' J'^fJp''"" Anib.'r .
70. MclWmm....
71. Arnold's Hybrid..
72. rni|)erial Amber...
78. I'oole
74.«Ziminertnan '.'.'...
76. (Geneva .
7«. K«'d May.."." ■!.■■'■
77. Kmporitiin. . . .
78. New Columbia .
7!). iSimciw Red
80. TuRcan I»land . ..'.
81. Kent.icky Ginnt. .]
82. Kiidy
83. Peni|uit'« VWl vVt
Chaff
84. BiMell . .
86. Andrew'n No. 4..
8fl. (ioldfln Tankard
87. Currell
88. Gurrell'fi Prolific.
89. Hindoatan
IK). BulJard'i Vel vrt
Chaff
Grown for one
year.
»1. Michifran Amber . .
92. Giant Square Head,
93. White Bearded ....
94. Silver Star
95. Amherst I«lo
96. German Emijeror. .
97. Hunter'g Wheat. . .
98. Pride of Illinoiii . . .
99. Looff Amber
100. Kmlina...
101. Mealy ....
102. Nonpareil ....
3
Heciilta for l((g6.
Avarsira reaulti for
I numn«<r cf years
reiiorted u|N)ti at
I khnwn in tint
column to left
e !
.a
H
g °
*• B
II
Medium.. 62.1
Very g<x)d 02.3
Good 61.9
Very good fil.l
Good JiO.OP
Medium.. 60.9
Medium.. 50. fl
Medium.. 60.81
Medium.. 63.2
Medium.. 62.2
G(km1 ft9.i
Medium.. 68 8
Very good (iO «
Mecfium. .|r,9.6
Medium.. [61). 3
I'oor (il.4
^1
o?i «
Li
Iba.
J r
torn buR.jp. 0.
1. a 27.71
1.
1.3
1.6
1.2
1.6
.8
1.2
1.2
81.7
32.11
28.31
26.11
a
21. li
26.7
30
Ba. R
Medium. [01. »
Medium.. 01.2
Medium .;60. 6,
Very good «0.»'
Medium. . 00. U
Medium. .60.0
Medium.. GO. 4
'«'ry poor
Very good 61.8
Good
Good.....
Good
Medium . .
Good
Mediun- .
iGood
■Medium. .
Good
[Medium .
.8|20.4
1 227,4
.6|16.3
1.3,27.7
.9,20.;«
.8 18.4
■6;i3.9
I
.9,21.0
.8li'0.3
.7|17.1
1.125.9
.8 20.2
20
28
:{3
16
11
46
21
1
61.3
62.8
61.1
61.7
61. li
69.0;
00.61
01.9
I
!
u
ttmn bua.
68.6
.8
.6
.2
160.1
68.9
61.7
69.9
69.8
60.9
60.2
69.0
60.1
00.4
10.6
11.7
8.5
84102.4
10162.4
28:58.61
8'68.5'
30,68.8,
88 69.7!
86 68.91
39 00.6
I
1162.01
36 '61.01
24;00.3|
40 00.2
20 61.2
26
23
1.4 86.6
1.433.4
1 3 31.8
1.3 27. S
1,126.0
01. 1
61.0
00.8
2.0
30. B
2.0
30.3
2.9
3N.1
2.7
30. T
2.6
30.7
8.2
30.3
2.4
35.0
2.1
35 5
2.7 35.1
2.434.4
3.6 34.3
23 33.3
2.8 33.
2.4 3!«.0
2 4 31.8
2.2 31.4
2.3 31.0
2.4 30.3
2.0 30. r
8 2! 38.7
2.6! aST
2.(:' 3R.3
2.3,
aM.3
1.8, 17,0
. I very poor 69.2,'
1,2
1.0
1,0
.8
,8
.6
.4
24.2
22.4
21.5
18.8
17,6
12.1
7.4
S
61.8
60.1;
68.9!
61.7.
69.9
69.8
609
60.2
59.0
60.1
.160.4
.|69.2
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.8
1.1
1.2
35.5
33.4
31.8
87.8
25.0
34.3
1.0, 33.4
21.5
16.8
ir.o
13.1
7.4
1.0
.8
.8
.A
.4
The vtrietiM given in the preomling Ubie were obuined from
Ontario, the United Statwi, Germwiy, Fr»nc« and RuMia. Thirty
kindfl were imported from Europe by the College in the apring of
1889, and have been carefully t««ted in our plota ; but, owing to
lack of hardineM, twenty of the number have been discarded. The
remaining ten have been grown for the |>ait »:x yeani in sacceuion,
but are among the poorest yieldom reported upon in thii bulletin.
All our leading varieties of winter wheat, t .Teforo, have J«en
obtained from either Canada or the United 8Utea. Mr. A. N.
Jones, of Newark, N. Y., has been instrumental in intrrdnoing Home
very excellent varieties, among which the Early Ked Clawson,
American Bronze, Jonea' Winter Fife and Early Oeneseo Giant are
prominent. It is, however, to Mr. Robert Dawson of Paris, Ont,
that we must give credit for Dawson'B (Jolden Chaff, a variety which
has made the highest average record of all the varieties tested at this
Htation during the past four years.
Itald and Bearded VnrMlvt Of the one hundred and two varie-
ties grown in 18l»r>, fifty-six iKMsoiwed bald heads and forty-six bearded
heads. During each of the six years past, the bearded varieties gave
a heavier weight per measured bushel than the bald sorts, but in
yield of grain per acre the bald wheats came first in four out of the
six years In making up this comparison, varieties possessing very
short beards were clasied as bald wheats.
The following table gives the comparative results of the bald and
the bearded varieties for 1896, and for the average of six years.
PeriodK.
1896
Aver»ffe of (5 yean,
U.1018i)5
A\ertifHi reMultH of bald
varieties.
Weiglit |H,'r
ineaaured
biiahel.
Ib8.
UO.O
60.1
Yield iwr acre.
Straw.
ton*.
1.2
2.5
Grain.
biiHh.
27.1
88.8
Averagf remit* of bearded
vai!eti«M.
Weight |>t'r
nieasured
buHhel.
Iba.
(M).8
61.3
Yield |)er acre.
Straw. I Grain.
toni.
1.1
2.6
but).
25.1
37.1
Color of Grain. Twenty-nine varieties of white wheat and seventy-
three varieties of red wheat were tested during the past year. In
five of the last nx years, the red wheats gave a heavier weight of
grain per measured bushel than the white varieties, but in 1890 the
white wheats gave slightly the heaviest grain. The amber, bronze
and golden wheats have all been classed aa red.
10
The following table gives the comparative reaaltg of the white and
the red wheats for 1895. and for the average of six years :
Average results of white
wheat.
Average results of red wheats.
Periods.
Weight per
measured
bushel.
Yield per aore.
Weight per
measured
bushel.
Yield per acre.
Straw.
tons.
1.3
2.6
Grain.
Straw.
tons.
1.1
2.6
Grain.
1895
Avera{fe of 6 years
18.')0-1S96
lbs.
69.9
60.0
bush.
27.6
39.3
lbs.
60.6
60.9
bush.
26.6
37.7
It will be seen from the above tables that the amount of straw in
the average of six years' trials was the same from bald, bearded,
white and red varieties of winter wheat. The bearded kinds pro!
duced the heaviest weighing grain and the white varieties gave the
largest average yield of grain per acre.
EXPERIMBNTS IN THB METHODS OP WiNTBR WhKAT GboWING.
The foUowing concise reports are made upon different winter
wheat experiments conducted in the same portion of the experimental
grounds that was used for the variety tests. Some of these experi-
ments extend over a period of two and some over a period of three
yoftrSt
Different Dates of Seeding. During each of the past three years
two or more varieties of winter wheat have been sown at three
different times in the month of September. The following table
gives the average yields for the three years occupied by this experi
Dates of seeding.
Weight per
measured bushel.
Yield of straw
per acre.
Yield of grain
per acre.
September 2-3
7-9
lbs.
67.8
68.0
66.2
tons.
2.4
2.6
1.6
bush.
31.8
•' 17-19
31.8
26.2
It will be seen that the seedings of the 7fch and 9th of Seotember
proauced reauita about equal to those from the seedings of the 2nd
11
and 3rd. Such is not the case, however, when the results of the last
dates are compared with those of either the first or the second, as
they are considerably lower in every particular.
Methods of Seeding. An experiment in sowinj? winter wheat
broadcast and with a grain drill has been conducted in duplicate dur-
ing the past two years. The results show the yields of both straw
and grain to be practically the same from sowing similar quantities
of grain by the two methods ; but, in weight of grain per measured
bushel, the product of the drilled grain has been heavier than that
sown broadcast in each of the four tests, the average difference being
two-fifths of a pound.
Different Quantities of Seed per Acre. In 1894 and in 1895, two
varieties of winter wheat were sown broadcast on small plots, at the
rates of one, one and one-half and two bushels per acre. The larg-
est yields of both grain and straw were obtained from the thickest
seeding and the smallest yields f'om the thinnest seeding during
each of the two years. The we ; of grain per measured bushel
was nearly the same from all the plots. To determine the proper
quantity of winter wheai to sow per acre, in order to obtain the
best results upon different farms, the individual wheat growers can
best experiment for themselves, as so much depends upon the ferti-
lity of the soil and other conditions.
The Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat as affected by cutting at
different stages of maturity. Five plots each of the Dawson's Golden
Chaff and the Early Genesee Giant varieties of winter wheat, were
sown upon the same date in 1893 and again in 1894. These two
varieties reached the stage of maturity at which wheat is usually
cut in Ontario, on the 19th of Julv, in 1894, and on the 18th of
July in 1895. The two wheats were cut at five different periods
during the two years, as follows: July 4th, July 11th, July 18th
and 19th, July 25th and August 2nd. During both years, the
greatest yield of straw was obtained from cutting on July 4th, and
the heaviest weight of grain per measured bushel from cutting on
July 18th and 19th. The yield of grain per acre was largest from
tho last cutting in 1894 and from the second last cutting m 1890.
The lowest results in yield of grain per acre and in weight of grain
per measured bushel, were obtained from the cutting of each variety
on July 4th of each year.
Value of Grain for Seed as affected by cutting at different stages of
maturity. Dawson's Golden Ohaff and the Early Genesee Giant varie-
ties of winter wheat were both sown on the same day in 1893, and a
plot of each was cut on July 4th, 11th, 19th and 25th, and August
2nd, 1894. The first cutting took place about two weeks before, and
the last cutting about two weeks after, that stage of ripeness at
It
which wintor wheat is usually cut. A quantity of seed of each
^nlLT ^^'''J'^f ^'^l* ot the five different cuttings, and thTse
ten equal amounts of grain were sown uiH>n a similaf number of
ZrZl/^lZ'^'^'- I^^' V''*' '"^ ^«95. the p"ts were all
fhinl 1 . * "^®' V"^' •*» **»« *""« °f each variety, it was found
the l^t cJS St °' ^'^'^ P'" *^" "•- produced^y the seed of
nrnrfn^L y !u '^'^ P'^V^"* y««r, and the plumpest sample was
produced from the seed of the second and third cuttings.
Selection of Seed. Several experiments are beinir conducted in
mosttluabi:' «'f '°'" r' I ^'* '' ^"l »- «>"« Le Wo e tie
most valuable results can be obtained from this line of experimental
Co-opEBATivE Experiments with Winter Wheat.
Fifteen varieties of winter wheat, which have been the most
successful among all the varieties tested on our experimental ground,
have been distributed over Ontario within the past thref years
These have been sent out in sets of five varieties eLh Tve thousi
and eight hundred packages of winter wheat alone have b^en dl.
tnbuted during the three years, and comparative tests have been
made upon more than eleven hundred Ontkrio farms. ThrsvsTem
of co-operative experimental work was established by the ex-studenS
other'f±""^l*r* ^°"'?^ ' *'"*• *»»'°"S»> -P««t«d req-fests frl
?o?n in r ' ?' '^r**''°'? " "^^"°^«^ '° all interested persons to
nland tt ^'''^' ^^^ '^^""^^ ''"^^' °" '^"^ ^^^^'> been very gratify
n*^fh«^ ff "^erous experimenters have become much interested
in the different experiments undertaken. For detailed reports of
KeZroTST -P«"--5?.*he reader is referred to th'Kua
Keport of the Agricultural Experimental Union which is printed
along with the report of the Agricultural College. From "monTten
conclusions given in the report of last year regarding these roira
tive experiments with winter wheat for 1894. the followTnXo
aci z^Tni^ti^^s r ^iff ;^f r JS
as among the ele^'en varieties tested in 1893 »
2. "Dawson's Golden Chaff waa decidedly the most popular
variety with the experimenters in both 1894 aid 1893 " ^^
All the varieties of winter wheat dUtributed over Ontario each
extotlt^hf ^'^ '•'' ^°P,''f *l ^" °" Experimental Department on
exactly the same sized plots that are used throughout the Province
13
OONCLUSIONS.
1. The average results of winter- wheat growing on
the experimental plots for six years in succession are
as follows : Weight of grain per measured bushel, 60. 6
lbs ; yield of straw per acre, 2.5 tons ; and yield of grain
per acre 38 2 bushels
2. Dawson's Golden Chaff gave the largest average
yield of grain per acre among fifty-three varieties of
winter wheat grown at the Ontario Agricultural College
for four years in succession ; also among nine leading
varieties tested over Ontario in 1804, and among
eleven leading varieties tested over Ontario in 1893.
3 The varieties which possessed the stiffest straw
among fifty-three kinds of winter wheat grown for four
years in succession, were Dawson's Golden Chaff,
American Bronze, Pultz, Velvet Chaff and Red Russian.
4 The varieties of winter wheat which proved the
hardiest in 1895, among one hundred and two varieties
tested, were Dawson's Golden Chaff, Stewart's Cham-
pion, Siberian, Jones' Square Head, Turkish Red and
McPherson.
5. When winter wheat was sown later than Sep-
tember 9th, the crop was much poorer than when the
seeding took place on or before that date.
6 In 1895, the varieties of winter wheat possessing
bald heads and white grain gave an average of 43
bushels of grain per acre more than the varieties
possessing bearded heads and red grain, but in average
weight per measured bushel the latter surpassed the
former by 1 3 poimds.
Distribution of Seed for Testing Purposbs.
In the following table will be found two seta of winter wheat
varieties, which will be sent free, by mail, in half-pound lots of each
variety to farmers applying for them, who will carefully test the
five kinds in the set which they choose, and will report the results
Either uatvesu nest year. XixB seed rfin u€ sent ou\j lu tuc oruor xa
which the applications are received, as long as the supply lasts.
14
Two sets of winter wheat for Cooperative Tests.
^^^ *• Set 2.
Dawson's Golden Chaff.
Early Red Clawsoit.
Jones' Winter Fife.
Rurprine.
American Bronze.
Dawson's Golden Chaff.
Early Genesee Giant.
Pride of Q«nesee.
Bulgarian.
Jones' Square Head.
Each person wishing one of these sets should write to the Experi-
mentahst Ag„cultur.l College, Guelph, mentioning w/2hJtZ
deavre. and the grain, with instructions for testing aid b ank forms
on whK.1 to report, will be forwarded free of cost tohis addrZ
until the supply of grain for distribution becomes exhausted.
Sebd Whbat.
The Dawson's Golden Chaff and the Es^ifyflSiesee Giant varieties
of winter wheat were grown in the <ri3a Departmrt i? 1895
Limited quantities of thfse sre offaredTSrwle hitl^vlr^^n^l'
'4 lo'^c^ni. "^'^ '"" ""' ""'9^^ " '' -•»*- ^^ -^ of jute'