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 P^RIS EXHIBITION, 1878. 
 
 I^Hnrational |nstttntton», 
 
 PROVINCS OF ONTARIO^ 
 
 DOMINION OF CANADA. 
 
 XertfHtf 
 
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 |>mVT|J*|> IIV lllIV'PlilU Ui>UB« X. ni\\Mti\%j\r 
 
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PARIS EXHIBITION, 1S7S. 
 
 (luattanal jnsfitttttflns, 
 
 PEOYINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 ti 
 
 DOMINION OF CANADA. 
 
 PRINTED BY HUNTKH, ROSE & COMPANY. 
 
 1878. 
 
J 
 
'$mn (gir^ibition, \B7B. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, 
 
 PROYmCE OF ONTARIO, 
 DOMINION OF CANADA. 
 
 STATEMENT. 
 
 This Statement relates only to the Educational Institutions of 
 the Province of Ontario. 
 
 Education is one of the subjects within the exclusive jurisdic- 
 tion of the Provinces which compose the Confederation of Canada. 
 
 The system comprises the following : 
 
 I. The Public and High Schools under the control of the Edu- 
 cation Department. 
 
 II. The Schools, Colleges and University provincially endowed 
 and subject to the control of the Provincial Government. 
 
 III. Institutions for special elasses, maintained and managed by 
 the Provincial Government. 
 
\ I 
 
 4 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 IV. Institutions and Societies partlv aJ^.^ v. 
 
 ermental supervision. ^ ^ ^^ ^^' °^ ""^er Gov- 
 
 V. Schools. Colleges and Universities n.. , 
 
 control. universities not under Provincial 
 
 VI. Institutions partly educational or reformatory. 
 
 '—P'^^li'^^ Separate and Hujh Schools, 
 
 .*-'r r^i'. :c?. :t.Kr i »~"" 
 
 a Board or Council of Public I„T 5 ""'''' ">" '=°""-°' »f 
 
 tendent, and is now compo d 'f ; r "' ' ''''"' ^"P'™" 
 
 Council of the Province'^^^l; ^T^y'Zf:'! .^-""^ 
 as M,nister of Education, L holdin^ffit °Z'^Z ""'"'"'■' 
 bers of the Executive Council subLT ! ^*"' '"™- 
 
 Logislative Assembly, according to tt .•■^""^bility to the 
 
 Constitution. ® '" ""= P"'"='»''«^ "f the British 
 
 - .■ — iLir^tisi^^^^^^^ 
 
 cipality. The oUization colr^eft J^^^^^^^^ » -='' '»"-- 
 porations, consisting of townshins Zl ^'^ TT "'™'"P"' ™'- 
 of eight or ten square miferlh a t^ ^, 7 *"*'' "' » "» 
 thousand; (2) viLges w ra ;ll^:::'r " °"'™ '-ee tosi. 
 
 - -, ; and (.) towns with ^ p^:::^ 1,::^^^. 
 
Y, or under Gov- 
 nder Provincial 
 ory. 
 
 5 control of the 
 Department, in 
 )ntario, under- 
 the control of 
 'hief Superin- 
 'he Executive 
 their number, 
 le other mem- 
 Bibility to the 
 ■ the British 
 
 ition Depart- 
 =• ; (2) Sepa- 
 i" secondary) 
 
 3ipal or local 
 ovince, and 
 ^hiy practi- 
 
 each muni- 
 nicipal cor- 
 ' of an area 
 ^hree to six 
 n hundred 
 
 thousand. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. g 
 
 Such of these as are comprised within a larger district, termed a 
 county, constitute (4) the county municipality, which is under the 
 government of a council composed of the heads of the different 
 minor municipalities in such counties as have already been consti- 
 tuted in the Province, (o) Cities are established from the gi'owth 
 of towns when their population exceeds fifteen thousand, and their 
 municipal jurisdiction is akin to that of counties and towns com- 
 bined. 
 
 The functions of each municipality are commensurate with 
 their respective localities. This municipal organization has been 
 readily adapted to the requirements of a popular or national .sys- 
 tem of education. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Ryerson, who, in February of the year 1876, retired 
 from the office of Chief Superintendent of Education, after thirty- 
 three years of able service and devotion in founding and develop- 
 ing the Ontario system of Public Instruction, thus describes the 
 facilities afforded to educational progress by this municipal sys- 
 tem, in an address delivered iu the year 1851 : 
 
 " It is in Upper Canada (now Ontario) alone that we have a complete and 
 uniform system of municipal organization, from the smallest incorporated 
 village to the largest city, and from the feeblest school section and remotest 
 township to the larger i .unty or union of counties— the one rising above 
 the other, but not superseding it— the one merging into the other for pur- 
 pojes of wider expansion and more extensive combination. By their consti- 
 tution, the municipal and school corporations arj reflections of the sentiments 
 and feelings of the people within their respective circles of jurisdiction, and 
 their powers are adequate to meet all the economic exij/- jcies of such muni- 
 cipality, whether of schools or roads, of the diffusion of knowledge, or the 
 development of wealth." 
 
 In each minor municipality, such as a township, local School 
 Corporations for the township, or for a section thereof at the 
 option of the rate-payers are established, and these are manao'ed 
 by trustees elected by the rate-payers, who are liable for the sup- 
 
6 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 ; 
 
 They a™ „<,p„y ^^^ pur<=h.«e the school XflMeh 
 
 Z tXI Tr'""'^' ^ '"""^ '"» -hool-houseldt; 
 chtlll '"" *-^ J-'IS-^'. are required for p„bS 
 
 school purposes ; or may, at their option reouirp /h. p„ T 
 
 adequate school accommodation as defined h^ a p , "I""'"" 
 
 those between seven and twelve vear, of . !' ^^"""^ 
 
 the Httor !,.,„ * u , ^ " *«*■ and in case any of 
 
 the latter have not been under instruction for fonr months in tl,„ 
 year at least, they must notify the narenf, .. i ° 
 
 01 one dollar per month for clh eh U t T '"''""° " '"'" 
 tioues, or may lay a eomplainrJkrCrofr^^' Z 
 has power to fine, and in default imprison for the offence slTlt 
 powe,. and obligations reside with the Boarfs of Schooi Tr2^ 
 .n c,t.es,^wns and villages, but these can raise the urn r^^ 
 for school purposes bv rpniiJcUi-^r, t " '« si^ms requiied 
 
 uponthe oUii of s:::;s:ir::rt:::!^^^^^^^ 
 
 required amount by mtc. The Council of the r„„„T T 
 pality is entrusted with additional specific duti^Iterj:: 
 townslnps, towns and villager within the county, theZfillr! 
 
ties and are 
 the teachers 
 Department. 
 
 site (which 
 se, and levy 
 id for public 
 Corporation 
 tes instead, 
 lay borrow, 
 
 for school 
 to provide 
 Illations of 
 children of 
 e required 
 of all resi- 
 end school 
 > open the 
 Inspectors 
 y the Law 
 3 children 
 especially 
 ise any of 
 ths in the 
 ose a rate 
 fleet con- 
 ;ace, who 
 Similar 
 
 Trustees 
 required 
 estimate, 
 raise the 
 
 Munici- 
 3t of the 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 7 
 
 tant being to levy by rate an amount equal to the Legislative 
 grant for education, both amounts being solely devoted in aid of 
 teachers' salaries. The County Council also appoints Inspectors, 
 possessing the qualifications required by the General Regulations 
 of the Department ; pays one-half of their salaries, the other half 
 being paid out of Provincial funds ; and appoints a County Board 
 for the examination of third-class teachers. No teacher can be 
 engaged by School Boards or trustees unless he hold a certificate 
 acquired after examination and upon compliance with the condi- 
 tions of the General Regulations of the Department. 
 
 The County, City and Town Councils, in appointing Inspectors, 
 are limited to such teachers as possess certificates of eligibility, 
 granted by the Department to two classes only, viz : holders of 
 First -Class Provincial Certificates, Grade A, and (2) Graduates in 
 Arts, with honours of the Provincial University^ or of any Col- 
 lege in the Province possessing University powers. 
 
 The Inspector's duties are to inspect bvery school at least twice 
 in each yea", ascertain the apportionment of the Legislative Grant 
 and County equivalent to each school, act as Chairman of the 
 Examining Board of his district, investigate, confirm, or set aside 
 the rural school elections, call meetings of rate-payers, decide dis- 
 putes ; suspend teachers' certificates, for cause ; give report on the 
 state of the schools to the Department, and generally to see that 
 the Law and Regulations are observed. 
 
 The Examiners appointed by the County Council must ijossess 
 the qualifications prescribed by the Regulations, and their func- 
 tions are to examine candidates within their localities for third- 
 class certificates, on examination papers prepared by the Central 
 Committee of Examiners, 
 
 The Central Committee of Examiners is appointed by the 
 Department and now consists of eight members, three being the 
 
8 
 
 PRCIVIHCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 High School Inspectors, for ieing Public School Inspector, and 
 the present Professor of Moral Science in the ProvincL Cver 
 s. y who acts as Chairman. Their chief functions are to prepare 
 all the exammafon questions for each class of Public School 
 Tea he,. Certificates and to peruse and value the ansj,.", 
 candidates or first and second-class Certificates, and thus .s^cu e 
 a uniform classification. This Committee also prepares the o le ! 
 Uons for t e Enti_ance and Intei^cdiate Examinations n' The 
 High Schools. Sub-Examiners to the number o£ 20 aid in read! 
 mg and reporting upon the answers for the Intermediate E.™„i. 
 nation, and also for sccond-ekss Certificates. 
 
 The conditions under which Public SehoolTeacher'sCertifieatc, 
 may be granted as well a, the means of training Teaehei. lave 
 been recently revised, and important changes took effect on the 
 It of August 877. The Certificates now issued are-Filtl 
 Cass_gr„ es" A" „„,..B." Second Class, grades "A" and "B» 
 and Third Class. First and Second Cla., Certificates are valii 
 
 wh le the Third Class are limited to the particular County, and 
 
 a , r M f ,1 r '""''■ ''°-'"™^" S^-'" offlciencvfn this 
 last lass Model Schools have been established in each cJunty by 
 
 constiumg in their respective County Towns one of the Pubhe 
 
 School, haying a head master with a first-cia,. Provincial Certi-' 
 
 h ate, and two as.,istant, with Provincial Certificates, a school in 
 
 which candidate, for thii,I-cl,« certificates, by ,laily inspec ion 
 
 and practice during a term of eight week,, cani train 7^ 
 
 per methoil, of teaching. Fifty County Model School, beZ 
 
 work on the 24th of August, ,877, an,l in the two terms f,^;" 
 
 more than 20(. candidates obtained this practical traininl at 1 
 
 o<»t for each candidate to the Province and the respective'co n 
 
 t^» of only eight .lollars. These ,ch„„ls have also proTd 
 
 offlcient for this purp„.,e, and now meet with ienemi 
 
 approval. The new ^^r,.ti,i gmeral 
 
 
 Upon whicli Uounty Boards. 
 
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 9^ 
 
 lectors, and 
 al Univer- 
 to prepare 
 3lic School 
 answers of 
 ihus secure 
 s the ques- 
 ts in the 
 id in read- 
 te Exami- 
 
 'Crtificates 
 hers have 
 ect on the 
 ire— First 
 and "B," 
 are valid 
 ehaviour, 
 mty, and 
 cy in this 
 ounty by 
 10 Public 
 al Certi- 
 ^chool in 
 ispoction 
 d in pro- 
 is began 
 of 1877 
 ing at a 
 -'0 coim- 
 provoil 
 general 
 Boai'ds. 
 
 of Examiners can grant third-class Certificates are: that 
 (1) the candidates must be of the age of 18 years (if a 
 male) and of 17 years (if a female,) (2) must have passed tho pre- 
 scribed examinations in litei'ary and scientific subjects on ques- 
 tions prepared by the Central Committee of Examiners, and (3) 
 must subsequently have attended for one term at the County 
 Model School, and have obtained from its Head Master, and the 
 Examiners appointed by the Minister, a certificate of his fitness 
 to teach. 
 
 Candidates for Second-\^iass Certificates have been afforded, 
 increased facilities for attending the Pi-ovincial Normal Schools, 
 and such attendance is now obligatory on all such candidates. 
 In the two Normal Schools (at Toronto and Ottawa) three 
 sessions of about twelve weeks in each academic year are occu- 
 pied with the professional training of such candidates in classes 
 of about 50 in each session. The travelling expenses of each 
 student who is successful in passing the examination, are paid by 
 the Province, as well as one-half of his weekly maintenance. 
 The whole time is devoted exclusively to instruction in the theory 
 and practice of teaching. This new arrangement began on the 
 15th of September, 1S77, and it sufiiciently appears that the pro- 
 posed limit of 300 satisfactorily trained second-class teachers will 
 be the annual result, and at a cost to the Province for each 
 teacher thus aided, of less than $34. 
 
 Second-class certificates are o .y gi-anted upon these conditions 
 that (1) the candidate must have passed the examination in 
 literature and science prescribed for second class certificates on 
 papers prepared by the Central Coiiunittee of Examiners, (2) 
 must have taught successfully for at least one year in a Public 
 or Separate School in the Province, and (3) must have attended 
 for one session in a Provincial Normal School, and have obtained 
 
 a[)pointed by the Minister, a certificate of his fitness to teach 
 
10 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTAErO. 
 
 ■on a second-class certificate t„ .i-.- 
 literary and scientific subTetts tt ^TZ '° *° ^•"''"^'^ 
 the Centn.1 Committee h^tt fo 1„ t' "''' ^''™''""' ^y 
 
 ■Schoo, taw and KeguiatLt R^^ nTL'tC'V ^^^'-^ 
 
 ^^3 in each ,w=ademic year one sLTl^^i *" '""'P'"'' ""=■■'= 
 
 the candidate is insLeted „ thll ° "T"''' """"« »*-" 
 prescribed for examination fofi'^A^ '"' ^°'^""«« -Ejects 
 '"thoprofessiona, training r^ J^ for^Il^re"'^'' ^"'' *" 
 
 tha?tret;uT:'(:r::rbr'^ ^-^r" -'"" "•" »"^i«°n 
 
 «tion in Htemry an Tfe„t^T?''°''"^°*°^--""- 
 .attendodforoneL,io„ thoulutthr • r' ^'^ -"' ""- 
 
 the Provincial Normal Scho22Vt T" ^""' ^' ™'' "' 
 
 Cla^s Certificate, and have re ei^d f™ tt p'"'""'' " '''"°"'' 
 school and from the Examirr? , ' ^"""'P"' "' ™oh 
 
 cortiflcateof hisflt„e,;t„T!h ''''°'?'^ ""^ ""' *f»'»t-. « 
 (3)m„sthavctauXc^^^s Mvfo : '"' """' Certificate or 
 Certificate, an,l have pZcJ h V ? f" ™ " ««°"'l Cla« 
 Class Certificates. No money /d"' ™''"""''"°" '"'■ '''"t 
 •candidates for First Class Certificate! " ''^ "" ^™""'='' '<' 
 
 The Examiners un.ler the Donartr„„„i 
 !ng instruction., : The oucsUoT '"'" ^""^''^ ^^ "^"^ '"'l""" 
 by the Examiner, not wH re """•'■"•' "^ *" '"= f™"-'' 
 competitiveexami att t XT t" ""^ "«'■ «'"' '^ '<"■ 
 
 ouaHfied or not for the v^:i::zr„;':zT:' ''' r'.^" ■•' 
 
 w,d,.hen,„d,4thea„sL^rro:r„ra:::;i^; 
 
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 11 
 
 prescribed 
 samined by 
 
 Education, 
 1, practical 
 'rill (males 
 
 qualifying 
 pose there 
 ing which 
 c subjects 
 . and also 
 
 as should govern in competitive examinations intended to elicit 
 the respective merits of the different Candidates for some special 
 honour, but as a means of determining whether a fair average 
 knowledge is possessed by the candidate. 
 
 An amended Programme or Course of Study in the Public 
 Schools, came into force on the 15th of August, 1877, and is set 
 forth in the following Table : 
 
 condition 
 examin- 
 ast have 
 it one of 
 ' Second 
 of such 
 lister, a 
 icate, or 
 ^d Class 
 or First 
 -'ince to 
 
 follow- 
 fianied 
 ard for 
 
 •iipil is 
 ciency 
 )oso in 
 »io be 
 Jjdard 
 
12 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 13 
 
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14 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 I 
 
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 IS 
 
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 The following may be observed as amendments to the- 
 former programme, viz: (1) that no Time or Limit Table- 
 should be in force except as the School Board or Trustees- 
 and the Teacher might choose to regulate this ; (2) that the- 
 Course of Study was to be followed so far only as the cir- 
 cumstances of the particular school would allow, and the- 
 Inspector was dii-ected to see that no departures were made with- 
 out sufficient cause ; and (3) that the Teacher should be guided by 
 the hints which accompanied the Table of Study. 
 
 The duty of the Teacher was declared to be that he should 
 show by the whole tenor of his instructions in the school-room,, 
 and his deportment generally, that he was not only characterised 
 by an observance of the proprieties of life, but by a high moral 
 tone, and thus become a standard of conduct to his pupils. 
 
 The attention of School Boards, Trustees and Teachers was also ■ 
 directed to the Regulations on the subject of Religious Instruc- 
 tion, which recommended that the opening and closing of the 
 school should be conducted with prayer and reading of portions 
 of Holy Scriptures, under the provisions of the Public Schools Act, 
 which allows pupils to receive such religious instruction as their 
 parents desire, under the General Regulations of the Department, , 
 subject to the right of any parent to withdraw his child from 
 such instruction. 
 
 The receipts of moneys for Public School puri)Oses, and the 
 sources, were as follows : 
 
 Legislative Grant $ 249,950 
 
 County Rates 793,161 
 
 School Boards and Trustees' local rates. . 1,553,574 
 Local Educational Funds 776,344 
 
 Total 80,393,055 
 
I.' 
 
 PBOVINCE OP ONTARIO. 
 
 The expenditures and objects, were as follows : 
 
 Teacher,' Salaries jj ^ 
 
 JMaps, Prize and Library Books, &c. . 19 082 
 
 Repairs and Kent of School Houses. . . . 130,74,5 
 
 School :Sites and Buildings 030,26o 
 
 bchool Books, Stationery, and incidental 
 
 '^I""^ 338.041 
 
 ''^°^- S3,006,450 
 
 Separate Schools apply to Protestant and coloured persons as 
 wc^as to Roman Catholics; but this exception to the gener" 
 Pubhc School system is chiefly confined to Roman Catholic Z 
 <Ic.re to estabhsh Separate Schools where their supporte'ste 
 
 Roman Cathohc rate-payer can oloct to support a Separate Schoof 
 
 Publ^Sch^,'"^ T"'^' ™""'''^'' exempted from thJ 
 Pubhc School rates They are governed by trustees elected by 
 
 their support™, and are a corporation with powers similar to that 
 ofother school trustees. Their teache,. are required to possess pro 
 per cerfflcates of qualification, and their schools share in the 
 Legislative Grant m proportion to their attendances, and they are 
 also subject to laspcction by the Education Department. In case 
 of any disagreement between the Separate and Public School 
 CoiTorations or municipal bodies, such dispute is sutject to the 
 arbitrament of the Minister of Education with the righ of apnea 
 to the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, ^ 
 
 The following are the statistics of the Public Schools of Ontario 
 or the year 187 .-Number of school, reported as kept o^Z 
 0,042. The number of pupils between the ages of 5 and 7fi 
 attending the school, was 464,384, according to the age, follow- 
 ing from 5 to 10, 2.3,994; and from 11 to IC, 2.0,70. T^e 
 total school population ..e. between the ages of .5 and 2), was 
 
321 
 
 )82 
 
 165 
 •41 
 
 oG 
 
 )ersons as 
 e general 
 olics who 
 Tiers sire 
 that any 
 ;e School, 
 from the 
 ected by 
 ir to that 
 isess pro- 
 } in the 
 they are 
 In case 
 : School 
 :t to the 
 f appeal 
 
 Ontario 
 >t open, 
 and 16, 
 follovv- 
 ). The 
 
 »i 
 
 rrtia 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 17 
 
 502,250. The number reported as not attending any school is 
 9,260. The average attendance, namely, being the average daily 
 attendance, divided by the legal teaching days of the year, was 
 212,483, or 43 1 per cent. The number in the different classes is 
 as follows : 
 
 Ist Class. 2nd Class. 3rd Class. 4th Class. 5th Class. 
 156,425. 99,977. 147,263. 77,861. 9,01 L 
 
 The circumstances of Public Schools situate in the cities and 
 towns, and those in rural districts differ in this, that in the latter 
 there are two classes of pupils, the elder who chiefly attend dur^ 
 ing the winter months, and the younger in the warmer seasons. 
 The average attendance accordingly shows this contrast : 
 
 Attendance in Cities 53 per cent. 
 
 " Towns 52 
 
 " Kural Districts 41 " 
 
 The number of Teachers are 6,185 ; 2,780 being males, and 
 3,405 females. 
 
 The following are the qualifications of the different teachers 
 in the year 1876 : 
 
 First-class 241 
 
 Second-class j 201 
 
 Old County Board First-class Certificates.. 372 
 
 " " " Second-class " 139 
 
 " Third-class " 51 
 
 New County Board Third-class Certificates . . 3,688 
 
 Interim Certificates 493 
 
 The average salary of male teachers in counties was $367 ; of 
 female teachers, $240. In cities, of male teachers, $726; of 
 female teachers, $31 4. In towns, of male teachers, $567, and 
 
 of feuiaie teachers, $207. The Separate Schools are' included in 
 
 B 
 
18 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 the above statement. The number of Roman Catholic Separate 
 Schools is 167, and of pupils, 25,294. 
 
 The High Schools, like the Public Schools, are open to pupils 
 of both sexes who can pass an entrance examination chiefly in the 
 fourth-class work of the Public Schools. The High Schools are 
 intended to furnish a higher English, or a classical course with 
 modern languages, so that the pupils may be fitted to pass the 
 matriculation examination in the University, or to enter business. 
 High Schools which have four masters at least, and an average of 
 GO male classical pupils, are called Collegiate Institutes. There 
 is a Legislative Grant in aid of these schools, which, supplemented 
 with the County grant, now made equal by the Act of 1877, to 
 the amount of the Legislative aid— is to be expended only upon 
 teachers' salaries. There is a further allowance out of Provincial 
 funds, based on the general efficiency of the schools as the results 
 of the half-yearly intermediate examinations and by the attend- 
 ance of the pupils. Any County Council can establish High 
 Schools with the consent of the Provincial Government, and they 
 are subject to the supervision of the Education Department by 
 Inspectors of its own appointment. The head masters are re- 
 (luired to be graduates in Arts of British or Colonial Universities 
 of proved efficiency as teachers, and to possess a certificate to that 
 effect from the Department. 
 
 Each High School is a corporation under the government of a 
 Board of Trustees who are appointed by the County Council or 
 m case of a city or town separated from a county, by their Coun- 
 cils respectively. 
 
 The High School Board app. ants teachers possessing the quali- 
 fications required by the Regalations. provides for the requisite 
 accommodation, furniture and apparatus, and upon its own re- 
 quisition can require the Municipal Councils, of their respective 
 districts to raise such funds as their school may annually require 
 
c Separate 
 
 1 to pupils 
 iefly in the 
 schools are 
 ourse with 
 o pass the 
 r business, 
 average of 
 is. There 
 plemented 
 f 1877, to 
 only upon 
 Provincial 
 ihe results 
 le attend- 
 ish High 
 and they 
 tment by 
 rs are re- 
 iversities, 
 be to that 
 
 lent of a 
 ouncil, or 
 5ir Coun- 
 
 he quaU- 
 requisite 
 own re- 
 espective 
 require 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. I9 
 
 The High Schools are under the General Regulations and Pro- 
 gramme of Study prescribed by the Department, and are subject 
 to Its inspection, and their Boards must report thereto. 
 
 The Programme of Study in the High Schools proscribes Eng- 
 lish language, mathematics, modern languages, ancient lan-^ua-es 
 physical science, history and geography, book-keeping, writin-' 
 drawing and music; each school being divided into a Lower and 
 Upper School, and specific subjects are prescribed for the Lower 
 and Upper School respectively. The Board is at liberty to decide 
 (subject to the approval of the High School Ins-.octors). according 
 to circumstances, the order in which t) e subjects shall be tak«n 
 up, the amount of work to be done in a given time, and the num- 
 ber of classes to be carried on at once. 
 
 In the year 1876, the following was the condition of the Hic-h 
 Schools:-The number of schools, 104; number of pupils 8 541 
 The total expenditure in 1876, was $30^. 948. The total receipts 
 amounted to $321,131, derived from the following sources - 
 Legislative Grant, $76,430; Municipal Grant, $139^100; Pupil's 
 fees, $20,12?; and other sources, $85,473. Out of the receipts 
 the amount paid for salaries of Masters was $195,906- for build' 
 ing, rents and repairs, $46,216; maps, libraries, prize books, and 
 other expenses. $62,825. 
 
 From the foregoing it will be seen that by means of the High 
 Schools, secondary education is well established as part of the 
 Ontario system. 
 
 A uniform entrance examination protects these schools from 
 elementary work, while the intermediate half-yearly examinations 
 for promotion from the lower to the upper school secures satis- 
 factory instruction in the subjects of the ':!urriculum, and this is 
 further encouraged by its resulting in a share of the Legislative 
 Grant, and by successful candidates being considered to have 
 p?.sscd pro tarda the literary and soioatific subjects prescribed for 
 
■0 
 
 FftO INCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 second-class Public School Teachers' Certificates. The High 
 Schools are doing practical work in instructing candidates for 
 Public School Teachers' Certificates in the diflferent subjects of 
 tho non-professional ^ vaminations, and they have become the 
 chief source of supply for Public School Teachers, as well as of 
 the Universities and learned professions. 
 
 High Schools are established in every County, (in some two 
 or more) and legal provisions exist for founding further High 
 Schools, whenever the progress or circumstances of any County 
 require them. 
 
 Two thirds of the expense attending their maintenance is 
 derived from direct local rates. 
 
 The standard of the teaching generally aimed p.t in the High 
 Schools is adjusted to meet the requirements of the Provincial 
 University at its Matriculation Examination. The subjects of 
 this appear at page 23. 
 
 Further information as to the Public and High Schools can be 
 gained by reference to the report of the Department for the year 
 1876, and to the compendium which contains the Law and Kegu- 
 lations by which this system of schools is governed. 
 
 //. Schools, Colleges and University Provincially endowed, 
 andsLbject to the control-of the Provincial Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 These institutions como next in order. They are exclusivrly 
 Provincial, being supported by Provincial fun (a ar. i subject to 
 the general control of the Government, but possessing their own 
 Councils or governing bodies, and are not within the jurisdiction 
 of the Education Department — as such. 
 
 Ct 
 
 r. PER, Canada College was founded in 1828, upon the model 
 he r-6ctt public schools of England, and wa,s endowed with a 
 
rhe High 
 idates for 
 ubjects of 
 come the 
 veil as of 
 
 some two 
 ler High 
 
 r Oountv 
 
 jnance is 
 
 'lie High 
 'rovincial 
 bjects of 
 
 Is can be 
 the year 
 id Regu- 
 
 idowedy 
 Govern- 
 
 dusivrjy 
 ibject to 
 leir own 
 isdiction 
 
 e model 
 with a. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. %\ 
 
 large grant of public lands, from vvhich it no«r derives an annua 
 income of $15,000. in addition to its building and grounds in the 
 City of Toronto. Its pupils uumber about 300, and it aims at 
 preparing them for matriculation in the Provincial University 
 and for different professions and pursuits. It is governed by a 
 Committee of the Senate of the Provincial University, under 
 statutes passed by it from time to time ; but such statutes are 
 subject to the approval of the Lieutenant-Governor of the Pro- 
 vince. The curriculum extends over a six years' course of study 
 m the .same number of forms, and embraces Greek, Latin mathe- 
 matics, French, German, English, grammar, literatui. ..d compo- 
 sition, history and geography (both ancient and modern), natural 
 philosophy, experimental chemistry, physiology. Biblical know- 
 ledge, the usual commercial branches, drawing, music, gymnastics, 
 fencing and drill exercises. 
 
 In other forms, known as the Lower and Upper modern, com- 
 mercial and scientific training can be obtained. The examinations 
 m each form are quarterly. Scholai-ships may be established by 
 the different County Councils, while four exhibitions have been 
 founded out of the University funds, each exhibition being the 
 result of a competitive examination, and tenable for one year in 
 the fifth and sixth forms. Its staff" of teachers comprises the fol- 
 lowing :--2 Classical Masters, 2 Mathematical Masters, 4 English 
 Masters, Drawing Master, Gymnastics and Drill. This School 
 and the High Schools already referred to, constitute the prin ipal 
 fieders of the Provincial University. 
 
 The corporate designation of the University is that of the 
 University of Toronto. It was originally established by Royal 
 Charter, and endowed with a grant of public lands in 1828. The 
 Annual income from this endowment now exceeds $55,000. The 
 institution was inaugurated and opened for students in 184-3 
 The governing body consists of the Senate. The Gonvoaation 
 composed of all the graduates, elect the Chancellor and fifteen 
 
22 
 
 PROVIiVCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 members of the Senate, the Provincial Government nominating 
 nine. The Senate has po v^rer to confer degrees (but not honorary 
 degrees) in the several faculties of Arts. Law and Medicine, and 
 certificates in Engineering and Agriculture, after the difterent 
 examinations prescribed in the curriculum, and subject to its 
 provisions for attendance upon lectures in University College, or 
 other affiliated schools or colleges. The Senate can also provide 
 for local examinations, and may recommend to the Lieutenant- 
 Governor in Council the establishment of Professorships In any 
 department of knowledge, science or art in University College. 
 
 The functions of the Univei-sity comprise the examinations of 
 candidates for standing, scholarships, and degrees in the several 
 faculties. It prescribes the cuniculum of study, and appoints the 
 examiners and conducts the respective examinations; it also 
 maintains a library and museum. 
 
 The work of instruction is performed by University Collkge 
 through its Professors and Lecturers. This College and the Uni- 
 versity are maintained out of the common endowment of the 
 Provincial University, which is administered by the Bursar'n 
 Department, under the control of the Lieutenant-Governor in 
 Council. University College is governed by a Council composed 
 of the President and Professors. The following chairs have been 
 established in the College, namely: Classical literature, logic and 
 rhetoric, mathematics and natural philosophy, chemistry and 
 experimental philosophy, history and English literature, miner- 
 alogy and geology, metaphysics and ethics, meteorology an.l 
 natural history, and lectureships on Oriental literature, in German 
 and French, Italian and Spanish, 
 
 The couree of instruction follows that proscribed by the curricu- 
 lum of the University of Toronto, and involves four academic 
 years, each consisting of two terms. 
 
 The studeiiU are required to pasa a matriculation examination 
 
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 23 
 
 lominating 
 t honorary 
 iicine, and 
 e difterent 
 ject to its 
 College, or 
 80 provide 
 ieutenant- 
 ps in any 
 College. 
 
 nations of 
 he several 
 points the 
 ; it also 
 
 College 
 the Uni- 
 it of the 
 Bursar's 
 pernor in 
 composed 
 nve been 
 logic and 
 itry and 
 e, miner- 
 ogy and 
 German 
 
 curncu- 
 .cademic 
 
 nination 
 
 before being recognised as regular students of the University, or 
 entitled to its degrees. They are required to pass annual exam- 
 inations in the University, so as to gain standing year by year, 
 as well as for the particular degrees. Students who are not 
 matriculated may attend lectures in the different departments. 
 
 The junior matriculation examination prescribed by the Uni- 
 versity Statutes is according to the following Curriculum : 
 
 PASS EXAMINATION. 
 
 CLASSICS. 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 Xenophon, Anabasis, B.I. 
 HoMEK, Iliad, B. VI. j„yg 
 
 Xenophon, Anabasis, B. II. 
 Homer, Iliad, B. VI. ,„y„ 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 C^sAK, Bellum Britannicum. 
 Cicero, Pro Archia. 
 ViRoiL, ^neid, B. II., vv. 1-317. 
 Ovid, Fasti, B. I., vv. 1-300. 
 
 C^SAR, Bellum Britannicum. 
 Cicero, Pro Archia. 
 ViRGit, Eclog. I., IV. , VI. , VII., IX. 
 Ovid, Fasti, B. I., vv. 1-300. 
 Xenophon, Anabasis, B. II. ( Cicero, in Catilinam, II. , III., & IV. 
 
 Homer, Iliad, C. IV. 1880 < Virgil, Eclog., I., IV., VI., VII., IX. 
 
 ( Ovid, Fasti, B. I., vv. 1-300. 
 Xf.nophon, Anabasis, B.V. ( Cicero, in Catilinam, II., III., & IV. 
 
 Homer, Iliad, B. IV. 1881 ^ Ovid, Fasti, B. I., vv. 1-300. 
 
 ( Virgil, .^neid, B. I., vv. 1-304. 
 Translation from English into Latin Prose. 
 Paper on Latin Grammar, on which special stress will be laid. 
 
 MATHEMATICS. 
 
 Arithmetic. 
 
 Algebra, to t'la end of Quadratic Equations. 
 
 Euclid, Bb. L, IL, III. 
 
 ENGLISH. 
 
 A Pjipcr ui; English Grammar. 
 
 Co npoaition. 
 
24 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 Critical Analysis of a Selected Poem :— 
 1878— The Traveller and The Deserted Village. 
 1879— Paradise Lost, Bb. I and II. 
 1880~Elegy in a Country Churchyard and The Traveller. 
 1881— Lady of the Lake, with special reference to Cantos V. and VI. 
 
 HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 English History from William III. to George IIL inclusive. 
 
 Roman History from the commencement of the Second Punic War to the 
 
 death of Augustus. 
 Greek History from the Persian to the Peloponnesian Wars, both inclusive 
 Ancient Geography : Greece, Italy, pud Asia Minor. 
 Modem Geography : North America and Europe. 
 
 I 
 
 1878 
 and 
 1880 
 
 1870 
 and < 
 18811 
 
 1878 ( 
 and < 
 
 1880 ( 
 
 1870 ( 
 and < 
 
 1881 ( 
 
 Optional Subjects. 
 FRENCH. 
 
 A Paper on Grammar. 
 
 Translation from English into French Prose. 
 
 j SouvESTRE, Un philosophe sous lea toits. 
 
 . Emile 1)e Bonnechohe, Lazare Hoche, 
 GERMAN. 
 
 A Paper on Grammar. 
 MusAEus, Stumme Liebe. 
 
 ScHiLLEU, Die Bdrgschaft, der Tauchur. 
 
 SrHiLLEH, I }?«'' I^""^ •''«:'> f'«"> Eisonharamer. 
 t Djo Kraniche dos Ihyom. 
 
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 25 
 
 HONOR EXAMINATION. 
 
 CLASSICS. 
 
 18781 5*!MO«THlENES, Phil. I., JI. 
 
 ^LiVY, B. I\'. Chaps. M«i. 
 Homer, Odyssey, B. Xlf.' ] Hokacje, Odes, B. III. 
 
 ^ (';vii>,Fa8ti,B.I.,v. 440toend 
 
 ,oKn( Demosthenes, Olynthiacs, I, II., 111. i h^"^' ^- IX' ^'^^P^' ^"^*^- 
 ^^'•^ Homer, Odyssey, B. XII. ) Horace, Odes, B. I. 
 
 ( OviD.Fasti, B. I. , V. 440 tuend 
 
 .f^af. ( Demosthenes, Olynthiacs, I, II., HI. ( C'cero, Pro Ligario. 
 ^^^^ Homer, Odyssey, B. IX. ) H^>Rack, Odes, B. III. 
 
 ( OviD,Fa8ti, B. I., V. 440 toend 
 
 ,ftQ, ( Demosthenes, Phil. I., II. \ Cioero, Pro Lij.'ario. 
 
 ^'^^*- I Homer, Odyssey, B. IX. ) H»RAce, Odes, B. I. 
 
 ( Ovid, Faati, B. I., v. 440 to end 
 
 Translation from a Latin and a Greek Author not specified. 
 
 A paper on Greek Grammar, to whi h special importance will be attached . 
 
 An Optional Examination will be held for Translation from English into Latin 
 Verse, for which a Prize of ^15 may bo given on the recommendation of 
 the Examiners, but the Marks awarded will not be taken into account for 
 Honors or Scholarships. 
 
 MATHEMATICS. 
 
 Plain Trigonometry. (The solution of Triangles.) 
 Algebra, to the end of Binomial Theorem. 
 Euclid, Bb. IV., VI., and Definitions <.f B. V. 
 
 ENGLISH. 
 
 An Examination upon one of Shakesiioiiro's Plays. 
 
 1878, Macbeth. 1879, Macbeth. 1880, Julius Ciesar. 1881, Julius Cajsar. 
 
 FRENCH. 
 1878 & 1880 CuuNEiLLK, Horace. 
 
26 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 1879 & 1881 Lamartine, Christophe Colombe. 
 
 Translation from easy French Authors not fipecified 
 Translation from English into French prose. 
 
 GERMAN 
 
 1878 & 1879 Schiller, Der Neffe als Onkel 
 18S0 .fe 1881 FouQufe, Die Beiden Kanptleute. 
 
 HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 m 
 
 E..glish History under the Houses of Tudor and Stuart 
 ^.eography of the British Empire, including the Colonies. 
 
 Besides University College, which forms part of the Provincial 
 University system, supported by the Provincial endowment, there 
 are several institutions which, maintained from private sc^urces 
 are affihated to the University, and are entitled to send up to '; 
 -•aminations students who have conformed to the prescribed 
 ctirnculum Amongst such may be mentioned the Canadian 
 Literary Institute at Woodstock, the Toronto School of 
 Medicine and the Trinity Medicine School, but these properly 
 belong to another class, and need not be further considered here. 
 
 Since the opening of the University in the year 1843. the num- 
 ber of s udents who matriculated up to the end of the year 1877 
 Ks as follows :--In Law, 123; in Medicine, 427 ; in Arts, 1.05G; in 
 ber of iTer'"'"^' ^^ ' "'"^ '" ^g'iculture, 20 ; or the total num 
 
 The uumber of degrees conferred in the several faculties is also 
 as follows .-In Law. 124; in Medicine. 378; in Arts, 728- or 
 the total number of 1,230. 
 
 Scholarships in the different faculties are annually awarded 
 upon the result of the examinations in the University There 
 are thirty-nine in the Faculty of Arts alone, in sum« of S120 and 
 i'HO I especti vely. 
 
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 27 
 
 lero. 
 
 Since the year 1849 the aggregate number of scholarship!* 
 awarded in thai faeulty is 788. 
 
 ///. Provincial Institutions /o7' Special Classes maintained 
 and managed hy the Provincial Government. 
 
 The Legislature of the Province has established several institu- 
 tions of a specific character, and maintains them by annual grants 
 out of the Provincial revenue. 
 
 In 1870 the Institution for the Education of the Deaf 
 AND Dumb was established in the Town of Belleville. Such 
 pupils as are unable to be maintained by their parents or guardians 
 are clothed, boarded and educated free of charge. The course of 
 study comprises the usual English education, namely: history, 
 geography, arithmetic, writing and drawing, also articulation. 
 The boys learn the following trades: carpentering, cabinet-making 
 and shoe-making, and knowledge of the farm and garden. The 
 girls are taught sewing, knitting and general domestic work. 
 The number of pupils is more than 220. 
 
 In 1871 the Institution for the Blind was established in 
 the Town of Brantford. Its object is the instruction of blind 
 pupils of sound intellect in the ordinary branches of an English 
 education, in vocal and instrumental music, and in certain me- 
 chanical arts within the reach of the blind. No pupils can bo 
 admitted excepting for iha purpose of instruction ; and all over 
 the ago of twenty-one are excluded except under special circum- 
 stances, and only for a single season as probationary. Admission 
 is refused to the aged, infirm or to imbeciles. Pupils unable to 
 pay arc boarded and taught gratuitously. 
 
 The chief expense of the maintenance of the Institution is 
 borne by the Provincial Treasury. 
 
 The number of pupils during its last session exceeded 140. 
 
28 
 
 PKOVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 bo> 187S r-n^""'"' """' *"' "^ °^""^ '" S^Pt^'"- 
 W ', * "^^ ""'^ *'* appliances specially adapted to 
 
 lectures of a practical character in the subjects of LuL 2 
 
 Physical Science, and of Engineering which will be given by 4 
 professors of University College, with a professor of Engineering 
 and assistant. K"it:Li mg 
 
 In 1874, the School of Agricultuue atGaelph was opened 
 Its objects are {1st), to teach the practice and theory of husbandry 
 to ,oungmcn engaged in agriculture, or intending to so enga.-e 
 
 530 acit' '" """"^'°" "'"' "'^ Institution consists of 
 
 The regular course comprises two years, and instruction is »iv„n 
 m Agncultnre, Horticulture, Natural Science including Chemlstrv 
 Veter.na:y Surgery, Anatomy and Physiology. Th'e buM n/s 
 provide accommodation for . •^uuu.ngs, 
 
 The sum required annually for the maintenance of these Insti- 
 tutions amounts to the sum of $90,524. 
 
 IV. Imtitutions and Societies partly aided by or under 
 O^overnmental supervision. 
 
 Mechanics' Institutes may be established as Corporations 
 
 t^oZT T "T ''" ^°^^' contribution being at'least 
 S200. and upon being subjected to Government inspection. 
 
 These exist in almost every town in the Province, and 1.5 Insti- 
 tutions are reported last year to have held evening classes with 
 an attendance amounting to 772. for instruction in En-dishgram 
 nmr and composition, arithmetic, geometry and mlnsumtion 
 perimanship bookkeeping, practical mechanics, chemistry 'et 
 metrical and dfminfJv,. .u.,^,.^^ _„.i ^ , , , "^. ^ou- 
 -tvving, aiiu true nana dmwing. 
 
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 29 
 
 Several societies, partly educational, are also annually aided out 
 of the Provincial Treasury, such as the Agricultural and Arts 
 Association, the Ontario Society of Artists, the School of 
 Art and Design, the Canadian Institute, and the Entomo- 
 logical Society. 
 
 V. Schools, Colleges and Universities not of a Provincial 
 character. 
 
 Causes of a social and denominational character have given 
 origin to several Schools, Colleges and Universities which, main- 
 tained by their special supporters, are taking part in the work of 
 education in the Province. Of these, few are to be found in the 
 rural districts, and the nuinber in all does not much exceed 200. 
 But schools of a private nature, and some of a superior order, are 
 to be found in the cities and larger towns. These together num- 
 ber 297, with some 8,000 pupils, and oG9 teacliers. 
 
 Of a social or denominational origin, may be mentioned : Episco- 
 palian—Trinity College School, Port Hope; Bishop Hellmuth's 
 College, London, for Boys; Bishop Hellmuth's Ladies' College ; 
 Bishop Strachan School, Toronto; Church of England Ladies' 
 School of Ottawa; while the Wesleyans have established a Female 
 College at Hamilton, and the Ontario Ladies' College, Whitby; 
 as well as an Institute for Boys at Dundas ; the Methodist Epis- 
 copal have a Ladies' College at Belleville; the Presbyterians a 
 Ladies' College at Ottawa and at Brantford; the Roman Catholic 
 body have several institutions under their exclusive charge, such 
 as Saint Michael's College, Toronto; La Salle Institute, Toronto. 
 Loretto and Saint Joseph's Convents, Toronto; and Assumption 
 College, Sandwich. 
 
 From many of the schools just mentioned, some of the pupils 
 proceed to the denominational Colleges and Universitijes to be 
 next mentioned, and some to the Provincial University. 
 
30 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 Under denominational control, the following Colleges and Uni- 
 versities are to be noticed : — 
 
 (1.) The University of Victoria College, Cobourg, which 
 obtained University powers in 1841, to confer degrees in the seve- 
 ral faculties which comprise Arts and Science, Theology, Law and 
 Medicine. The Senate is the governing body and the College is 
 chiefly supported by an income derived from an endowment of 
 about $100,000, contributed by voluntary subscriptions. 
 
 (2.) University and Queen's College, at Kingpton, under 
 the control of the Presbyterian Church of Canada, formerly in 
 connection with the Church of Scotland. 
 
 This College was incorporated by Royal Letters Patent in 1841 
 and endowed with University powers. Its income is derived 
 from an endowment fund of about SlOO.OOO. Its teaching work 
 is confined to the faculties of arts and theology. Since the open- 
 ing of the College, 871 students have been enrolled and 526 
 degress confered. 
 
 (3.) University of Trinity College was established for the 
 instruction of members of the Church of England, and obtained 
 a Royal Charter in 1852, which empowered it to confer degrees in 
 divjnity, law, arts and medicine. It is supported by an endow- 
 ment obtained from subscriptions in England and in Canada and 
 IS governed by a Convocation, consisting of the Chancellor, the 
 Provost and Professors, and persons of the standing of Master of 
 Arts or of any degree in divinity, law or medicine. Subscription 
 IS required to the effect that the student is a member of the 
 Church of England, but is not required from any candidate who 
 IS not a member of the Church of England. 
 
 (4.) Albert University was established atiBelleville by the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church in 1857. and nhu\,.^.i tt„:..„__:. . 
 
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 31 
 
 powers in 1871. It is under the government of a Senate which 
 confers degress in arts, law, music, theology and engineering. 
 
 (5.) The Ottawa College is under the direction of the Roman 
 Catholic body, and obtained University powers in 1866. 
 
 Denominational Institutions of the like character to the pre- 
 ceding have been established by other religious bodies, but with- 
 out acquiring University powers, their main object being for the 
 education of youths for the ministry in their respective Churches. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church in Canada established Knox's Col- 
 lege, 1844. The course is chiefly theological, and the College 
 now owns and occupies a commodious edifice in Toronto. It has 
 acquired a considerable endowment from private subscriptions. 
 
 Huron College, situated at London, is of like character in 
 connection with the Church of England. It was founded in the 
 year 18G.3, and acquired its building and endowment by private 
 subscriptions chiefly obtained in England, It is purely a theolo- 
 gical college, and pledged to the maintenance of the principles of 
 the Church of England known as Evangelical. The Association 
 of the Alumni of this College, obtained from the Provincial 
 Legislature, during the Session of 1878, power to establish a 
 University under the name of "The Western University of 
 London, (Ontario)." 
 
 The Canadian Literary Institute, at Woodstock, while 
 affiliated with the University of Toronto, in connection with its 
 course of instruction in arts and science possesses a theological 
 department for the training of ministers in connection with the 
 Baptist Church. 
 
 The foregoing is an enumeration of most of the Institutions 
 whose origin may be traced to social or denominational causes. 
 
 In couuection with professional pursuits, the Law Society of 
 
32 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 Ontario, is authorized to admit students to practice the profession 
 and also to call to the Degree of Barrister-at-law. 
 
 For instruction in Medicine, the following schools exist .— 
 
 The Toronto School of Medicine, affiliated to the University 
 of Toronto; the Trinity Medical School affiliated to the 
 University of Toronto, and also to that of Trinity College • the 
 Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons at Kingston • 
 there is besides a Veterinary College in Toronto. 
 
 VI. Institutions partly Educational or Reformatory. 
 
 In addition to the Institutions properly educational, I ere are 
 others whoso objects are of some such character, and x-ziiich are 
 striving for the amelioration and reformation of those classes which 
 come within the scope of their operation. Of these may be 
 noticed those directly maintained out of Provincial funds and 
 controlled by a department of the Government. In the Provin- 
 cial Reformatory, Penetanguishone. there are 190 boys who 
 have been committed to it on being tried vor criminal offences 
 Part of their time is given to instruction and part to traininc. in 
 various industries, and the general results of the treatment hive 
 proved favourable. 
 
 The Central Prison was established by the Province in 1873 
 for the purpose of reforming ordinary offenders whose sentences 
 were of limite.l duration. The prison has been constructed at an 
 expense of about 8420,000, and is probably one of the best prisons 
 in all respects, to be found on the continent. The short experi- 
 ence of its effects shows that the influences are of a beneficial and 
 reforming character. Offenders consigned to it are free from the 
 contcminating associations to be found in the ordinary gaols of 
 the Province, and being instructed in various trades, leave the 
 Prison better fitted for earning an nonest living in the future. 
 
 The Public Schools are unable to reach the class of neglected 
 
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 88 
 
 
 children which are to be found in cities and tlie larger towns, and 
 Boys and Girls' Homes have been established by individuals and 
 societies to meet this want. They care for, educate and train a 
 large number of such children, and their efforts are aided out of 
 the Provincial Treasury according to the number who are cared 
 for in each institution. 
 
 Finally, the Sunday Schools existing in the Province exceeded 
 in 187G, 3,500, with 197,000 scholars, and 22,700 teachers. 
 
 Relying upon these popular and national agencies, and those 
 which special considerations have developed, the Province of 
 Ontario is steadily pursuing a career of progress, material, moral 
 and intellectual. Tho interest in education is wide-spread 
 throughout the whole Province, and its people understand hoAV 
 much of their further progress, welfare and happiness depends 
 upon the continued efficiency and improvement of their educa- 
 tional agencies, for which the fullest opportunities are afforded 
 by their system of local self-government, and free political institu- 
 tions. 
 
 ADAM CROOKS, 
 
 Minister of Education. 
 
 Education Department, Ontario, 
 Toronto, April, 1878.