Canada February I7T" i896. / / Genekak \'ie\v ok the Ball. ILLUSTRATIONS OF The Historical Ball GIVEN BY Their Excellencies The Earl and Countess of Aberdeen IN THE SENATE CHAMBER, OTTAWA, 17th FEBRUARY, 1896 WITH A SHORT HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION BY J. G. BOURINOT, C.M.G.. LL.D., F.R.S.C. OTTAWA JOHN DURIE AND SON, PUBLTSHERS 1896 I'KlMll) BV THK lANAliA KNC.KVVISC, A M> l.H Ml (.KAHHINI. I.O., I,T1>. >U»NTKKAL^ iSi'- TABLE OF CONTENTS. o 1. Frontispiece - General View of the Fiall ... 5 2. Historical Introduction, by Dr. Bourinot 7 Illu.stration and names of Vice-Regal Oroup 24 4. Illustrations of the dances, and names of the |)ersons who took part in the hisKjric groups, commemorating the following epoch-making events:- First, — Voyages of the Norsemen to America 26 Second, — Discovery of the North American Continent by John Cabot 28 Third, - -Discovery of Canada by Jacques Cartier 30 Fourth, /'oundation of Port Royal and Settlement of Acadia by the French 32 Fifth. Foundation of Montreal and Settlement of Canada 34 Sixth, Days of Exploration, Discovery and Setdement : from Tracy to Frontenac. 36 Sc7'enth,~ The Days of .Montcalm and Wolfe, and the Contjuest of Canada 38 Eighth, - The Fall of Port Royal, F'oundation of Halifax, Expatriation of the Acadians, and Fall of Louisbourg 40 Ninth, — The Coming of the United Empire Loyalists 42 5. Illustration of an Indian Croup, with explanatory note . 44 6. Bibliographical Note 46 THE HISTORICAL HALL OF 1896. HISTORICAL IXIRODIC'I'IOX BV J. (i. BOI'RINOT, AUTHOR OK ''ThE StORV OF (JaXADA," AND OTHKR WORKS ON THE History anj> Constitution ok the Dominion. 'Love tlinu thy I:ind, witii love far-hroucht From out the storied l'a*-t, and used Within the Present, Imt transfused Through future time l>y power of thought." — ri:NNY>ON. URING the night of the Seventeenth of February last, there was presented in the handsome Senate Chamber of the Parhament Building at Ottawa, a brilliant spectacle, replete with the deepest interest for the historical and political student, as well as delightful to the eye of the lover of the dramatic and the picturesque. The spectators had offered to their contemplation a Procession of the Canadian Centuries of history— of groups of men and women famous in Canadian annals. fhe Past in mimic guise met for the nonce the Present in its reality. Lord Aberdeen, Governor- General of Canada, the representative of the Queen, the Countess of Aberdeen, Ministers of State, the Lieutenant-Governor of Territories comprising the area of an empire, judicial and other dignitaries, formed the vice-regal Court of a Dominion which stretches over half a continent. Before these representatives of the authority and power of the " living Present " of Canada, there passed a stately procession which recalled 7 THE HISTORICAL BALL the story of those eventful times during which were laid the foundations of the Canadian Confederation and its future greatness among the communities of the world. It was a bright inspiration that impelled Her Excellency, the Countess of Aberdeen, to make use of the abundant opportunities that Canadian history offers for giving colour and light to a great social function, and divesting it of the ordinary features of frivolity which must more or less, in the opinion of some, attach themselves to an assemblage called together for mere amusement. Society demands to be pleased and amused constantly in some form or other ; this becomes a social obligation of which vice-royalty, as the head of society and the dispenser of a nation's hospitality, cannot divest itself Spirited, gay music, brilliant costumes, the beauty of woman adorned and looking her best, the sparkle of diamonds and precious stones, the glances from eyes brighter than all jewels, the varied dances, the delicacies of the modern cuisine and the confectioner's art, all the graces of conversation when the little world of fashion is ready to be amused, the flirtations of the young — and even of the not very young, perhaps — such are the char- acteristic features of those festivities to which society condescends from time to time, and even more sober-minded people also resort as a necessary relaxation from the severe conditions of daily life. If, then, we find an effort to elevate such festivities above the ordinary needs of a frivolous or pleasure- seeking world of fashion, to make them actually, so to say, object lessons for young and old, to open up the pages of past history and recall the interesting and eventful incidents that fill up Canadian annals, we can hardly fail to give our meed of praise and congratulation to the thoughtful lady at Government House.'who planned and carried out so successfully the scheme of an Historical Ball which would recall the story of Canada and the achievements of her sons and daughters for nearly three centuries. It was a Governor-General of Canada, the Earl of Durham, who wrote nearly sixty years ago that Canada was a country without a history and without a literature. The historians and writers of Canada, from Champlain, L'Escarbot, and Charlevoix, of the days of the F"rench regime, down to 8 THE HISTORICAL EALL Parkman, Garneau, Casgrain, Suite, Kingsford, Kirby and Parker, of later times, have long since shown the fallacy of an ignorant assertion. And now another Governor-General and his accomplished Countess have assembled, as it were, on the stage of a National Theatre — on the floor of the National Legislature — all the principal actors in the historic past of Canada, and have given vividness to the narratives of those authors who have been the first to take up a branch of literature of whose value and interest the majority of Canadians were for years themselves as ignorant as that famous Governor and High Commissioner who exposed so ably Canadian grievances and laid the foundations of the responsible system of Government which the Dominion and Provinces of Canada now enjoy. No language can give a reader an adequate idea of the brilliant spectacle which the Senate Chamber presented on the night in question. No pen can recall the music or the dance, or paint the brilliant and varied costumes of the personages that were represented on this eventful occasion. All that the writer can venture to do is to recall " the storied Past "- -some of the features of that memorable procession which walked, as it were, out of the shadow and darkness of the Centuries that are now immured in history, and attempted to assume once more the life and vigour of beings of the Present. First of all, from the cloudland of legend and tradition came the Norsemen, bold rovers of the sea from immemorial times — men of the same race which gave to England her present historic name, and to her people their love for maritime adventure. In the old Sagas or historic legends of Iceland we find sufficient evidence to show that these brave Norsemen— those " Vikings of old " — notably Biarne Heriulfson, and Leif Ericson, discovered new lands somewhere in Eiastern America five centuries before Columbus landed on those Southern islands which have ever since borne the name of " Antilles," in recognition of that fabulous Antillia which ever eluded the search of adventurous sailors in the great unknown western ocean which lays away beyond the Pillars of Hercules. No positive 9 THE HIvSTORICAL BALL evidence remains to us of the results of these Norse voyages, except the names of Helhiland, Markland and Vinland, which are generally assumed to be, in order, Labrador, Nova Sco^^ia and New England. Centuries passed away and the Norse voyages. — for they can hardly be called discoveries. — were buried in the obscurity of the poetic Sagas. In the course of time, Portuguese mariners sailed around the Southern Cape of Africa, and found their way to India, China, and the Spice Islands. Columbus then was stimulated by a bold ambition to find a short way to the rich lands of Cathay and Ind by the route of that western ocean, beyond which it was long believed lay the Continent of Asia. After Columbus's voyages, Spain and Portugal seemed on the point of dividing between them, with the full authority of the Pope of Rome, all those lands which the enterprise and courage of their maritime adventurers had discovered ; but suddenly there appeared on this great field of maritime exploration an Italian sailor.— probably a Genoese by birth and a Venetian by adoption, — John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto). who sailed in the memorable year 1497 from the ancient port of Bristol, on that west coast of England which was always the home of maritime enterprise, and eventually on a June day, planted the banners of St. Mark and England on a point which, historical disputants claim, lies somewhere in Northeastern America, either on the coast of Labrador, or at Cape North or Scatarie in Cape Breton, or at Bonavista in Newfoundland. In a later year, he with his son Sebastian, — to whom until these recent times, fame has falsely attributed the honour of his father's actual discoveries, — coasted along the Atlantic coast of the present United States, probably as far as Florida. Prom that time England based a claim to a vast territory in the unknown lands which bounded the Atlantic Ocean — so called from the fabled Atlantis of Greek geographers — and by the agency of a Venetian navigator, made the first step in the direction of that remarkable maritime and colonial development which, in later centuries, was to be at once the admiration and envy of other nations. 10 THE HISTORICAL BALL For thirty years after Cabots voyages, Basque. Norman, Breton, Portuguese, Florentine and Spanish sailors, as well as many from the West coast of England, ventured to the banks of Newfoundland, and even into the great Bay, since known as the Gulf of St. Lawrence, which lies at the eastern portals ot the Canadian Dominion. Then in their wake came Jacques Cartier, the courageous sailor of St. Malo, who gave to France her claim to dominion in the valley of the St. Lawrence. But it was not until nearly three-cjuarters of a century had passed away that France made an attempt to occupy Acadia, in the beautiful basin of the Annapolis, and to assume rule in Canada on the pictures([ue heights of Quebec, the ancient .Stadacona of Cartier's time. It was in 1605 that De Monts, Poutrincourt, and other I-'rench gentlemen-adventurers commenced Port Royal, and in 1608, that Champlain, the sailor of Brouage, on the Bay of Biscay, built his habitation at the verge of the noble river, just where the market that bears his name now stands. From that memorable year, for a century and a half. History has to record a deeply interesting story of adventure and heroism, of devotion to coimtry and religion, of bold schemes which statesmen once conceived of dominion over a whole continent, and which were onlv shattered on the same heisfhts where Champlain laid the foundations of a French colony. The story of these hundred and fifty years abounds in soul-stirring and inspiring incidents, which can never fail to excite the sympathy and attention of the lover of the romantic and picturesque elements of history, as well as of the student or statesman who is interested in the political conditions of the past and their effects on the present. " The French dominion is a memory of the past," wrote Francis Parkman, the greatest of American historians, thirty years ago when Canadian history was never read, "and when we evoke its depjarted shades, they rise upon us from their graves in strange, romantic guise. Again their ghostly camp- fires seem to burn, and the fitful light is cast around on lord and vassal and black-robed priest, mingled with wikl forms of savage warriors, knit in close fellowship on the same stern errand. A II THE HISTORICAL BALL boundless vision grows upon us ; an untamed continent ; vast wastes of forest verdure ; mountains silent in primeval sleep ; river, lake, and glimmering pool ; wilderness oceans mingling with the sky. Such was the domain which France conquered for civilization. Plumed helmets gleamed in the shade of its forests, priestly vestments in its dens and fastnesses of ancient barbarism. Men steeped in antique learning, pale with the close breath of the cloister, here spent the noon and evening of their lives, ruled savage hordes with a mild, parental sway, and stood serene before the direst shapes of death. Men of courtly nurture, heirs to the polish of a far-reaching ancestry, here, with their dauntless hardihood, put to shame the boldest sons of soil." This memorable period of the French regime is distinguished by many epoch-making events which were illustrated with much fidelity at the Historical Ball so far as the leading actors in those events were concerned. Historic groups represented the famous men and women of both Acadia and Canada. We saw commemorated the sailing of Jacques Cartier up the St. Lawrence, and his landing near the Huron- Iroquois villages of Stadacona and Hochelaga, where the ancient capital of Quebec and the commercial capital of Canada respectively stand. We recalled the foundation of French settlement in Acadia, and the early history of Annapolis Royal, so full of reminiscences. From the building of Port Royal in the first decade of the seventeenth century until its capture by Nicholson, a hundred years later, we meet with the names of many bold gentlemen-adventurers who attempted to establish French authority in the countries washed by the Atlantic. After Baron de Poutrincourt's failure to make a home for his family in Acadia, the La Tours, Claude and Charles, came into prominence. We have for years a bitter contest between Charles de la Tour, and Charnisay or D'Aunay, as he is indifferently named, for the supremacy in the Acadian country, in which both claimed to have superior rights. New Scotland, in those days, was the scene of such feuds as kept rival chieftains for centuries in a state of constant warfare ar^.ong the glens and mountains of old 12 THE HISTORICAL BALL Scotland. In Cape Breton, famous historic island, an enterprising F"renchman, Nicolas Denys, Sieur de Fronsac, attempted to establish himself, but he too suffered from the lawlessness of rivals. Sir William Alexander, afterwards the Earl of Stirling, courtier and poet, was the first to name Nova Scotia, when he received rights in Acadia from the Stuarts, who thought to aid his plans of coloni- sation by establishing the order of baronets of Nova Scotia; but all his attempts at settlement failed, and Acadia, including Nova Scotia, passed once more into the hands of the French. From the Treaty of Utrecht in 1 713, or three years after the fall of Port Royal, which from that time became Annapolis Royal, for nearly five decades the history of Acadia was chiefly remarkable for the foundation of Halifax in 1 749 by Cornwallis, the expatriation of the French Acadians of Nova Scotia — one of the saddest events that history records — the capture of the fortress of Louisbcurg in ^ 745 by Pepperrell and Warren, and again in 1 758 by Amherst, Boscawen and Wolfe. But while a few Frenchmen were struggling in vain to establish themselves in Acadia, more fortunate attempts at settlement were being made in the valley of the St. Lawrence. Episodes and incidents of striking and even momentous results press upon our attention and evoke our deepest interest as we look back through the dim vista of by-gone centuries, during which undaunted Frenchmen, played so important a part, and even threatened England's colonial dominion in America. We have first of all the foundation of Quebec by Champlain, then, nearly four decades later, the commence- ment of Montreal, first known as " Ville-Marie," by Maisonneuve and a band of religious enthusiasts who, there as at Quebec and other places in Canada, were linking their names to all time with the history of colonisation by the St. Lawrence. Recollets, Jesuits, Ursulines, Hospital Si.sters, Sisters of the Congregation of Our Lady, and Sulpicians, from the earliest times in Canadian annals, associated themselves with the foundation of great religious and educational institutions which still remain to attest the zeal of those devoted men and women who gave up their lives to their Church 13 THK HISTORICAL BAlL in the Canadian wilderness. I'or a hundred years after the foundation of Quebec, the small com- munities on the banks of the St. Lawrence were in constant peril from the merciless raids of the resolute, cruel Mohawks and other tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy, who lived in their long- houses in the fertile country south of Lake Ontario, between the Genesee and the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers. Men and women, in those years of gloom and terror, gave many evidences of their courage and patriotism. The names of DoUard des Ormeaux and .Madelaine de Yercheres may well be the inspiring theme of poetry and romance. Jesuit missionaries, Jogues, Brebeuf, Lalemant, and others, suffered martyrdom for their faith while labouring among the savages. The country around Georgian Bay still shows relics of the unhappy Hurons who were dispersed by their relentless Iroquois kindred. The Hurons of Lorette and the W'yandots of the Detroit River now alone represent the powerful Huron nation, which two centuries and a half ago were prosperous and numbered tens of thousands. The King, Louis Ouatorze. then at the zenith of his power, awoke to the necessities of Canada, whose history as a royal colony actually dates from the arrival of the viceroy, the Marquis de Tracy, Governor de Courcelles, the Carignan-Salieres regiment, and large additions to the small and struggling population. The Iroquois were first humbled by Tracy, and later by the great Governor Frontenac, whose term of office was distinguished by some of the most brilliant achieve- ments that Canadian history records. Admiral Phips, with his large fleet manned by New England colonists, was repulsed at Quebec, and the old Church which stands near the site of Champlain's habitation, " Notre Dame des \'ictoires," is a memorial of that famous event. The days of Frontenac were the days of exploration and discovery in the great West and South. Jolliet, Marquette, and La Salle, represented the spirit of enterprise and love of adventure, as well as religious fervour, which carried coureurs de dots, missionaries, and gentlemen-adventurers into the mysterious West, which Frenchmen had discovered and explored forty years before Governor THK HISTORICAL BALL Spottiswood and his gay following of Virginians had crossed the Blue Ridge, and saw the beauty of the Shenandoah valley. The only practical result of that holiday trip of an English cavalier was the presentation of a pretty trinket to the gallant gentlemen who, in honour of the occasion, were named the " knights of the golden horse-shoe " ; but La Salle actually explored the country of the Illinois, descended the Mississippi, and gave to France the right to claim that great valley which is now the home of many millions of people who speak the English tongue, but which seemed, at one time, destined to become a part of a mighty French empire in America. When the house of Hanover gave a King to England, there were already l-rench posts and missions at important points on the great lakes and in the northwest, discov^ered by French explorers during the closing years of the seventeenth contury. During the two decades of years which preceded the loss of Canada, France was fortunate in having at the head of affairs in that country men of cool jiulgment, admirable sagacity, and national ambition, like La Galissonniere, Duquesne and Montcalm. Ill supported as La Galissonniere and Duquesne were by the King and his ministers, engaged in a colossal and losing struggle in Europe, and more ready to listen to the blandishments of mistresses like the seductive Pompadour, than to the appeals of struggling colonists, these Canadian governors carried out their plans of establishing France in America with great skill and energy, despite the relatively feeble agencies at their command. If we take up a map"" of the continent, as it appeared in i 750-60, we see clearly outlined her ambitious designs in the construction of forts at particular points, chosen with discretion on the great lakes, in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, on Lake Champlain and its approaches, on the St. Lawrence, on the Isthmus of Chignecto, and on the eastern coast of Cape Breton. In *See map and explanations in " The Storj- of Canada " by the writer i London, New York and Toronto, dedicated to Her Excellency the Countess of Aberdeen^ 15 THE HISTORICAL HALL fact, when the seven years' war broke out the French had a line of communications almost complete from the Gulf of Mexico to the great lakes, and thence by the valley of the St. Lawrence as far as Louisbourg and Beausejour in Cape Breton and Acadia. The French plans were developed by astute statesmanship, and carried out with military genius, and had there been enough men in Canada to hold the country and contend against the combined forces of England and her colonies, France's dominion might have been assured in America. Happily for the future destiny of the English colonies — and we may add, for that of Canada herself — the French dependency was very much inferior in wealth, population, and resources to those countries, and incapable of carrying on a long and exhaustive war, while France was busy with her ambitious schemes in Europe, and gave but a meagre support to the men who were dreaming still of a mighty empire in America. In the early part of the struggle, England had no commander to compete with Montcalm in military capacity. In 1756, the war between France and England was formally proclaimed. In Europe, FVance, Spain, Russia and Austria, combined to crush Frederick the Great, whose sole ally was England. The basis of the present German empire was laid on the field of Rossbach, where Frederick defeated and almost annihilated the F'rench army, but it is not in the Old World, with its conflict of dynasties and national ambitions, that the war resulted in consequences most momentous to mankind. It was in Asia and America that the results of the elder Pitt's wise statesmanship were most conspicuous. India was won at Plassy by the genius of Clive, and one hundred and fifty years later there came to the white palace, on the banks of the Hughli, an English viceroy who had been a governor-general of that Canada which had also been won by the genius of Chatham. While the military genius of Frederick and the inspiring statesmanship of Pitt were success- fully thwarting the ambitious plans of France in Europe, the English ministry decided on a 16 THE HISTORICAL BALL vigorous campaign in America. In 1758, three expeditions were simultaneously sent against the important positions held by the French in the Ohio valley, on Lake Champlain, and at Louis- bourg. which controlled the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and threatened Nova Scotia as well as New England. The story of the memorable events of the three years, 1758- 1760, which determined the fate of Canada, and the destiny of the Thirteen Colonies, has been often told by capable and even eloquent historians. The taking of Louisbourg in 1758 was but a prelude to a series of events which drove F"rance from the valley of the St. Lawrence, and gave Louisiana for some years to Spain. Aborcomby was beaten at Ticonderoga, but on the other hand Forbes won the Ohio valley and Bradstreet captured Fort Frontenac, the key to Lake Ontario. Prince Edward Island was occupied by the English, and the French posts and settlements destroyed ruthlessly in the present Province of New Brunswick. Amherst hurried from Louisbourg to Lake Champlain on hearing of the news of the disaster at Ticonderoga, and in the following year forced Montcalm to retire to Quebec, where he met his death on the same battlefield where "died Wolfe victorious." Quebec fell in the autumn of 1759, and James Wolfe, by his ever famous victory, gave a new colonial empire to England. Levis, after the death of Montcalm, struggled to sustain the honour of his country, but his victory over Murray, at St. Foy, could not save Canada from her inevitable destiny, and in 1760, Montreal was surrendered to the English, and Canada was lost to France for ever. On the heights of Quebec stands a monument, which, in appropriate phrase, commemorates the common death and fame of a great Englishman and a great Frenchman : MoRTE.vi Virtus Communem Famam Historia monumentum posteritas Oedit. »7 THK HISTORICAL BALL No one can now presume to say that Canada is a country without a deeply interesting History, when he stands on the spacious terrace of Quebec, or on the grassy mounds which cover the ruins of Louisbourg, and recalls the story of the past with its enterprising adventurers and discoverers, its bold soldiers and famous sailors, its Heets of stately ships, and its regiments drawn from P'rance, England, and the Thirteen Colonies then developing into national life and activity. Here we stand on historic ground which is connected with the victories of Plassy, Rossbach, and Minden — with new empires won in Asia and Europe, with the rise of dynasties, and the defeated schemes of Kings and Princes once dominant in Europe. Three continents were here allied in the days of Pitt, and whether we walk on the heights of Quebec, or on the hills overlooking Louis- bourg, or bow reverently before the monuments that tell of England's famous men in her ancient Abbey, and see most conspicuous among them all the stately figure of Chatham, with his out- stretched arm, " bidding England to be of good cheer, and hurling defiance at her foes," we feel that though this Canada of ours is new compared with the historic lands ot Europe, yet here at least on the site of the old Chateau St. Louis, on the pasture lands of Louisbourg, ami on the banks of Lake Champlain, we have a rich heritage of associations that connect us with the most fascinating and momentous pages of the world's history. With the passing away of the French regime and the establishment of English rule. Canada entered on a new era in her material, social and political conditions. The passage of the Quebec Act of 1774, which recognized the rights of French Canada to the enjoyment of their civil and religious institutions, was the first conclusive evidence of England's desire to govern her new sub- jects on the principles of political liberty. The period from 1774 until 1792 was of great moment to Canada. During the war of Independence, Canada was saved to the Empire by the sagacity of Carleton, afterwards Lord Dorchester, and by the fidelity with which the Roman Catholic bishops 18 THE HISTORICAL BALL and clery^y as well as proinintiit seigniors cluntr to the British government. The record of those trying times relates the death of Montgomery and the retirement of the troops of Congress from Quebec, held successfully by Carleton. One of the most important results of the war was the migration to the provinces of upwards of fifty thousand people, known as United Empire Loyalists, on account of their having remained faithful to the British C''own, and who during the progress of the struggle, but chiefly at its close, left their old homes in the Thirteen Colonies. Large numbers settled in Nova Scotia and founded the Provinces of New Brunswick and Upper Canada. Their influence on the political conditions of Canada has been necessarily very considerable. Indeed in their way they have been as powerful an influence in national life as the Puritan element in the United States. By i 792, there were in British North America five distinct provincial governments, each with a governor, an executive and legislative council, nominated by the Crown, and an assembly elected by the people on a restricted property franchise. Canada had at last — only thirty years from the Treaty of Pails — entered on that career of legislative or representative government and political action, which was, in the latter half of the present century, to lead to a confederation embracing half a continent. The Loyalists represented the last of those picturesque groups which made up the procession of the Centuries from the days of the Norsemen. As this procession, with its many banners and varied costumes, passed before the interested spect^itor, who was also a student of history, he would recognise Leif Ericson, John Cabot, Cartier, Donnacona, De Monts. Poutrincourt, Champlain, Maisonneuve, Tracy, Courcelles, Charles de la Tour, D'Aunay, Ale.xander, Frontenac, Jolliet, La Salle, Tonty, Duluth, Verendrye, Iberville, Charles LeMoyne, Cornwallis, Shirley, Lawrence, Drucour, Amherst, Wolfe, Saunders, Durell, Montcalm, Vaudreuil, Levis, Bourlamaque, Bougainville, an:' others less known to fame. In the days of the English regime, the Loyalists were represented 19 THE HISTORICAL BALL by Cartwright, Robinson, Blowers, Halliburton, Inglis, Hagerman, Howe, and others who made Canada their home in the trying days from 1775 to 1785. Puritans of New England, as well as chiefs of the Iroquois. Hurons and Algonquins — conspicuous among whom was the loyal Brant (Thayendanegea) — habitans in their etoffe du pays, coureurs de bois in their savage finery ; all these took part in the dramatic personation of the past, and added largely to the variety and picturesque- ness of the spectacle. The list that appears in connection with each of the illustrations of this volume, will show the student something of the fidelity and accuracy with which the actors in the Past were represented in the various groups. One missed the gray and black robes of the Recollets and Jesuit Fathers, the sombre dresses of the Sisters of the various communities, who made so deep an impress on the Canadian colony from its very foundation, but no doubt a sentiment of reverence did not permit those who initiated and carried out the plan of the spectacle, to allow these familiar and interesting figures of old times, as well as of the present, to appear in the procession. The women of Canada were as fully represented as the men, and indeed without their costumes and attractions, the scene would have been almost prosaic. Conspicuous among these were Madame de la Tour and Madelaine de Vercheres, whose names recall the heroism of French women in the days of the old regime. Some poetic licence was allowed, however, in the case of the period which was saddened by the expulsion of the Acadians, and among the Acadian maidens we found an " Evangeline" — a name which has been made so dear to us all by the genius of the poet, that we are now apt to accept it as an historic fact. The costumes were remarkably in harmony with the period represented by each group. In Canada, it must be remembered, the military and official class always prevailed. In the most trying times of the colony, festivities and gay attires were common at Quebec and Montreal. Parkman tells us that when the Marquis de Tracy, the viceroy, landed on the quay on the 30th of June, 1665, 20 THE HISTORICAL BALI. it was " with a pomp such as Quebec had never seen before." The ChevaHer de Chaumont " walked at his side, and young nobles surrounded him, gorgeous in lace and ribbons, and majestic in leonine wigs." When Governor de Courcelles arrived a few weeks later, " more state and splendour, more young nobles, more guards and valets." All through the French regime there were displays of gay dresses, in imitation of the gay court of X'ersailles, and consequently the groups of the historic ball were fully in accord with historj-. The flags and banners which preceded each group also bore true historic emblems. The raven of the Norsemen, the lions of St. Mark, the red cross of Elngland, as well as her "meteor flag," the white flag of France sprinkled with fleurs-de-lis, appeared in their proper place in the procession as it advanced, group after group. Each of these groups had its own dance — the most characteristic and pleasing feature of the spectacle. In every case, these dances were made, as far as possible, a reflex of the social condition of the time and people represented. For instance, the dance of the Norsemen showed much of the spirit of the hea rovers of old, just as the Alitiuet with its stately movements, illustrated the dignity and grace of courtly circles. Such were the main characteristics of the groups that passed in procession with the waving of banners and the strains of fine music, before the Earl and Countess of Aberdeen, in the Senate Chamber, suitably decorated with flags and emblems for this interesting occasion. It does not devolve upon the writer to indulge in the mere language of eulogy, to describe in glowing words a brilliant scene which was fully depicted in the newspapers of the day. The industrious, enthusiastic reporter has already written of the costumes, the dances, the music, and the many attractive features of the now famous historic ball. The writer has endeavoured only to show that the pageant must be regarded as having been conceived and carried out with a far higher aim in view than the mere amusement of a few hours. It was intended — and who can say that it will not accomplish the 21 THE HISTORICAL BALL object ? — to force the careless student of our history to recognise its great charm and varied interest, and to feel a deeper pride in this " Canada of ours," now commencing to wear the habiliments of a nation. Though " its lights are fled and its garlands dead," yet the educating influences of the historic ball must remain. Those who took part in the spectacle, either as actors or spectators, would be apathetic indeed if they did not come away with a deeper sympathy and interest in the Past, and a greater confidence in the Present, and its child, the Future. The magnificent heritage which the people of Canada now own, is the result of unremitting toil and never failing patience, and summing up the achievements of the Past, they may well look forward with hopefulness to the Future ; for of Canadians may it be truly said : " Men the workers, ever reaping something new, That which they have done but earnest of the things that they will do." 32 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE HISTORICAL BALL. EXPLANATORY NOTE. The names of the ladies and gentlemen who assisted in the dances of the historic groups are distinguished by an asterisk or otherwise, on each page, where the reader will find a complete list of the persons who made up those groups. In the majority of cases, the illustrations are confined to the dancers, and each dance is connected with the name of the lady who had its direction from the moment the ball was suggested. The State dance of the vice-regal Group or Court, as it may be quite properly designated, did not take place until the close of the historic dances, and the presentation of the characters in the various historic groups. An illustration of Their Excellencies' Court has naturally a place at the commencement of the plates, since it was before the Throne that the brilliant pageant was presented. The illustrations have been made from photographs taken by Mr. Topley, of Ottawa, with the exception of the frontispiece and the fifth historic group, which were originally taken by Mr. S. J. Jarvis of the same city. 23 VICE-REGAL GROUP. Time: Seventeenth of February, i8g6. STATE DANCE : THE LANCERS. THEIR EXCELLENCIES THE EARL AND COUNTESS OF ABERDEEN. Aides-de-Camp : Lt.-Cols. 32 h. R. Smith, ^^ Prevost and i^ Strathy. Pages : -• Hon. Archie Gordon and -'" Dudley Oordon. Herald : 22 Lord Haddo. 11 3il \l 1 .=>ti 5 .•B m 48 ■JA 3S 40 HI :)7 2!) 41 4l> <» 2(i 43 His Honour Lieutenant-Governor C. H. Mackintosh, of the Northwest Territories. * Sir Mackenzie Bowell, Prime Minister. ' Hon. G. E. Foster, Minister of Finance. Hon. a. R. Dickey, Minister of Justice. Sir Adolphe Caron, Postmaster-Cleneral. * Hon. J. CosTiGAN, Secretary of State. * Hon. J. Haggari, Minister of Railways. * Hon. T. M. Daly, Minister of the Interior. ' Hon. W. B. Ives, Minister of Trade and Commerce. * Hon. a. R. Desjardins, Minister of Militia. Hon. D. Ferguson, P. C. Hon. }. Y. Wood, Controller of Customs. Hon. Sir C. H. Tufper, P. C. Hon. Sir |. Carling, P. C. Hon. Sir H. Langevin, P. C. Hon. Colonel Prior, M.P., A.D.C., Controller of Inland Revenue. Sir S. H. Strong, Chief Ju.stice of Canada. Hon. VV. Laurier, P. C. Sir R. Cartwright, P. C. Hon. R. W. Scott, P. C. Hon. Peker Whipe, M. P., Speaker of the House of Commons. Hon. .Mr. Jlstue Gwynnk. Hon. .Mr. Jistk k King. Hon. Mr. Justhe Skdgewick. Hon. Mr. Justice Girouard. Hon. Mr. Ju.stice Burbidge. • Tims', ilisliii^juishfd In an asterisk took part with Tfieir J-'vcellencir-- in tin* State I>ancf. :< Hon. W. Miller, P. C. 3j Hon. Mr. Reid, Senator. 5" The Mayor ok Ottawa. 50 Count Klezkowski. 24 Mr. Arthur Gordon, C. M. G. 13 Rev. Dr. Barclay. 12 Rev. \V. T. Herridge. 1' Mrs. C. H. M.\ckintosh. * " Lady Caron. * 27 Mrs. Foster. Ives. * Daly. * costigan. * Dickey. * Stron(;. 33 Madame Laurier. 25 Mrs. Lewis, wife of the .\rchbishop of Ontario. 52 Mrs. MacCarthy. G WYNNE. Peter White. KiNi;. R. \\'. Scott. Potter Palmer. 15 Madame Alkani. ^ Mrs. Hewett. 55 M RS. 31 Mrs. v> Mrs. 4 Mrs. u Lady 4TMr.s. 51 Mrs. 8 Mrs. 30 Mrs. 2:1 Mrs. ILLUSTRATION OF THE VICE-REGAL GROUP 1 2 :< 4 ,5 i; 7 X !l 10 U 12 l.f U 1;") Hi 17 5!t aS o7 .")<> .w M 'iS 'rl 51 20 21 22 23 24 2.i 20 27 2S .".I ;{|) M :i2 Xi 42 L'4 .'V) »! :i7 38 .ill 4!) 48 47 4)i 4.'> 41 4:< 41 41) 39 IUKSK M MIIKK^ rclRRKSI'O.Mi 111 IIHlSK IIKMIRK 1;A( II NAME O.i lllMllSIll; I'AIIK. FIRST HISTORIC GROUP. Time : Voyages of the Norsemen to Northeastern America, Circa g86-iOiS A. D. GOVERNMENT HOUSE DANCE : ' I'OI.SKA. Dramatis Persoinc. Eric the Red, Leif Ericson, Thorvald Ericson, Thorstein Ericson, BlARNI HeRIULFSON, Thorfinn Karlsekn, Thyrker, Sigurd the Bard, Thorwai.d, Mr. Erskine. Captain J. Sinclair. Mr. Ferguson. Captain Wilberforce. Mr. Thompson. Dr. Gibson. Captain Henderson. Mr. Hewett. Mr. Kingston. Freydis, Thyra, Ragnhili , Brunhild, Thorgard, Ingebord, SiGRID, GUDRID, Grunhili , I^dy Marjorie Gordon. Miss Thompson. Miss Lena Thompson. Miss Wetterman. Miss Wilson. Miss Scott. Miss Jean Scott. Madame Prevost. Mrs. Strathy. Standard-bearers : Messrs. W. Campbell and W. H. Walker. • All tht' persons named, except tho stantlard-bearcrs, took part in this dance. 26 ILLUSTRATION OF THE FIRST HISTORIC GROUP MR. KIN(;STON MR. MINRO FERGUSON MR. D. EKSKIKE CAPTAIN HENDERSON CAPTAIN SINCLAIR MR THOMPSON CAPTAIN WILBBRFORCK MISS THOMPSON MISS WETTERMAN MISS L. THOMPSON MADAME PREVOST MISS WILSON LADV MARJORIE GORDON MRS. STRATHY DR. GIBSON MR. HEWSTT MR. CAMPBELL SECOND HISTORIC GROUP Time: Discovery of Continent of North America by John Cahot, A.D. 1497. MRS. mackintosh's DANCE : PAVANE. Henry VII., John Cabot, - Sebastian Cabot, Sanctus Cabot, Lewis Cabot, SiGNOR DESONCINO, Lorenzo PASyuA(;i.io, Francesco Capeli,o, Don Peuro de Ayala, Thomas Purchas, - Robert Thorn, Bristol Sailors, - Micmac Chief, - MicMAC Medicine Man • Aloite took part in the dance. Dramatis Persomc. - Mr. A. M. Burgess. Mr. F. W. Avery. - Mr. C. Mackintosh. ' Mr. J. Booth. - Mr. Haultain. Mr. Adamson * - Mr. C. S. Barwell.' Mr. Ritchie. * - Mr. W. McKay. Mr. H. Castellain. - Judge Sedgewick. fMr. S. H. Fleming. I Mr. McKay Wright. - Mr. J. H. Smeliie. OR Conjuror, Mr. Julius Lay. Queen Elizabeth, Mistress Cabot, Skinora de Soncino, - SlGNORA DE PaSQUAGLIO, - SiGNORA Fr.ANCESCO CaPELLO, Signora de Ayala, - Mistress Purchas, Mistress Robert Thorn, Venetian Ladies, Venetian Villagers, Mistress Dudlev, Standard-bearer : Captain Maxse. Miss Garneau. Mrs. S. H. Fleming. Miss Ritchie. ' Miss White. * Miss Mackintosh. * Miss May Griffin. Miss A. Ritchie. Miss Isabel McKay. Miss Burtenshaw. Mrs. Russell Spaulding Miss M. McKay Wright .Miss Cambie. ' ^Mi.ss M. Aumond, iMiss M. White. Mrs. Sladen. 28 ILLUSTRATION OK THK SECOND HISTORIC GROUP MISS CAMEIK MK. C. MACKINTOSH MISS A. RITCHIE MR, JULJCS LAY MR. J SMELLIE MK. HAl'LTAIN MR. J. A. RITCHIE MR. m'kAY MR. llURliESS MR. HARWELL MISS WHITE MRS. S. H. FLEMING MISS MACKINTOSH MISS RITCHIE MISS (JRIPFIN MR. A. ADAMSON THIRD HISTORIC GROUP. Time : Discovery of Canada l>y Jacques dirtier, A. D. 1334-1536. MRS. Daly's dance : quadrille of the period. Francis I., of France, Henry VIII., of England, Earl of Surrey, Duke of Buckin(;ham, - Due de Bourbon, Sir Thomas More, Jacques Cartier, Sieur de Roberval, donnacona, Taignoagny, - Sailors, * - - - - French Fisherman, French Peasant, Dramatis Personte. a!;. E. S. Skead. Sheriff Sweetland. Mr. C. (ioodeve. Lt.-Col. Burland. Mr. A. H. Foweli. Mr. H. A. Brooke. Mr. Burn. Mr. E. Newcombe. Mr. H. Reed.* Mr. T. C. (lordon.* ''Mr. Matheson. Mr. Lindsay. Mr. N. Stewart. (Mr. J. H. Jarvis. Mr. Cornish.* Mr. Armstrong.* Marguerite de Valois, C.\therine of Ara(;on, Queen Claude, Duchess of Suffolk, Anne of Austria, Anne of Cleves, Louise de Montmorency, Jeanne d'Albret, Appa-Wawa-Koson, ) (White Antelope) ( Akeka-Mak-Koye, ) (Many Swans) J Onishal, Jane Seymour, - Peasant Girls, • Took no lart in tlie dance. Fisher Girls, - Spanish Gypseys, Standard-bearer : Mr. P. Selwyn. * 30 Mrs. Skead. Mrs. Tringham. Mrs. Goodeve. Mrs. McL Stewart, Miss Sparks. Miss Hirschfelder. Madame Casgrain. Mrs. Newcombe. Miss L. Smith.* Miss D. Bloomfield. Miss G. Lowry. Miss Burn. Miss M. O'Meara. Miss M. Richardson. Miss C. Stewart. Miss Hymens. Miss Fraser. ' Miss M. Lindsay. Miss White, (Quebec.) Miss Stuart. Miss Ridout. (Miss Moore. ^Miss McL. Stewart. ILLUSTRATION OF THE THIRD HISTORIC GROUP MRS. (;OOI)EVB MR. T. GORDON MR. SHERIFF 5WEETLAXD I-T.-toI. IKKL.^ND MR. GOODEVt MISS HIRSCHFELDER MRS. TRINGHAM MR. GEO. Bl'RN MAD.\ME CASGRAIN MISS S. SPARKS MR. A. POWELL MISS BURN r' O U R T H HISTORIC Ci R O U P. Time: Foundation of Port Royal ( Annapolis,) and settlement of Acadia, A. D. i6o^-i6jj. MRS. dickey's DANCE: BOL'RKE. m. de monts, - - - . Baron de Poutrincourt, Charles de Biencourt, Chari.es de i.a Tour, Charles DF. MENOU, i<.r D Aunay Chamisayl. Champlain, - . - . Sieur de Razilly, Nicolas Denys, Governor Winthrop, - Governor Endicott, Sir E. Andros, - . - . Captain Daniel, Henry Vane, . . - . Sir W. Alexander, a-ord Stirling). - M. LeBorgne, - . - . l'escarbot, . . - . Admiral David Kirk, Pages : - Masters V. Heron, G. ' Took DO part in the dance. Dramatis Persomc. Mr. Tyrwhitt. Mr. Merritt. ' Mr. Stanton. Mr. LeMoine. Mr. Jackson. Mr. G. S. Gordon. ' Mr. Lawless. Mr. Eaton. Mr. Tasker. Mr. Complin. Mr. Stairs. Mr. D. Jones. Mr. Smith. Mr. Corlx)uld. Mr. G. H. Perley. Mr. W. M. Hutchins. • Mr. W. Exshaw.* Heron and J. Simpson. * Madame de Monts, Mlle de Poutrincourt, Mada.me de la Tour, Madame D'Aunay Charnisav, Madame de Biencot'rt, Lady Alexander, MadaxME de Razilly, Lady Andros, Mrs. Henry Vane, Mrs. Winthrop, Mrs. Endicott, Madame D.\niel, Madame Denys, French Lady, Miss Powell. Miss McLeod Clark. Mrs. Hayter Reed. Miss Wright. Miss Powell. -Mrs. Sutherland. Mrs. Spain. Mrs. Stairs. Miss F. Wright. Mrs. Gillies. Miss Gibson. Miss Cutler. Mrs. G. H. Perley. Miss Powell. Standard-bearer: Mr. Allbutt. ' 32 ILLUSTRATION OF THK FOURTH HISTORIC GROUP MR. ST. D. LEMOINE MR. EATON MR. TYKWHITT MK. STAIRS MRS. aiLLIBS MRS. (i. PERI.EY MISS F. wkk;ht MK. LAWLESS MR. UEWDNEY JONES MR. JACKSON MR. C. STANTON MR, TASKER MISS CUTLER MISS WRIGHT MISS CLARKE MKS. STAIRS MISS E, POWELL MISS CARGILL MRS. SPAIN FIFTH HISTORIC GROUP. Time: Foundation of Mo7itreal and settlement of surrounding district, A.D. 1641-16JO. MESDAMES LAUKIKR AND I.AVERC.NE's DANCE: PA VANE. Maisonneuve, M. d'Aii.i.eboust de Coulonges, M. d'Argenson, M. de LOTIilNIERE, M. DE I.A POTH^RIE, M. DE Groseilliers, M. Du.\tONT, - - - - DOLLARD DES OrMEAUX, Tessouat, . - - . Piskaret, . - - - KlOTSATON, - - . - Anneurais, - - - - asirorita, - - - . M. DE Chavignv, - M. deChazy, - - - - Major Close, - - - Cyril Lucas, - - - - m. de soulanges, Seaudawate, - - - - Major Chapleau. Mr. Forbes. Mr. Belleau. Mr. Panet. Mr. L.aurie. Mr. W. O'Connor. Mr. de Lanaudiere. Mr. R. A. Johnston. Mr. Wilfred Campbell. Mr. G. Simpson. * Major McGillivray. * Mr. Girouard. * Mr. Burpee. Mr. J. A. Lowell. ' Mr. G. W. Stephens. Mr. Hogg. Mr. Atkinson. Mr. G. Emond. Master Jack Lowery. ' atis Persona. Madame d'Ailleisoust, - Madame Lavergne. Madame de CiRANDMAisoN, Miss Gourdeau. Mlle d'Aillei;oust, - Mrs. Gilmour. Madame de Mousseat, Mrs. Wilson. Madame de Lai'zon, - - - Mrs. Foster. Mi.LE DE Fossa mkau LI. Mrs. Hascall. Madame de Lotisiniekk, - Miss Panet. Mlle de Tilly, - - - Miss Laurie. V Madame du Clos deCelles, - Mrs. Bell. H, Duche.sse d'Aiguillon, Mile Gauthier. Mercedes Guzman, - Mme. Chapleau. Mlle de Grandmaison, - Miss O'Meara. M.\dame de Gregnoir, Mme. Pouliot. Madame de la Potherip:, - Mrs. McCiarvey. Tawosenta, - - - - - Miss G. Lowery. Pemousa, ----- Mrs. W. Campbell.* Helik.'\, - - . . - Miss F. Graham. * Atala, Miss Zoe Shortt. " m Ahgav i(;.\, - - - - - Mrs. McGillivray. ' OUTINA, Mrs. W. Cummings. Kondiara, - - - - - Mile de Rideau. ' Yvonne, - - . - . Miss M. Yielding. ' Madame de Chavignv, - Mrs. Lowell. * Madame Montpensier, - Mrs. D. O'Connor.* •Took nil part in the «laiice. Standard-hearer : Mr. Higgins. * 34 TLLUSTRATION OF THE FIFTH HISTORIC GROUP MR. MISS GOURDHAU MK. fllKOUAKD PANET MK. NORMAN MAUAME LAVERGNK MRS. CAMPBELL MADAME LAURIER MRS. W. CUMMINCS MAJOR M GILLIVRAY MR. UBLANAUDIEKE MRS POSTER MRS. MISS SHORT MR. LOWELL MRS. LOWELL WILSON MKARA MK. W . r MISS 1' \M I SIXTH HISTORIC GROUP. Time: Days of Settlement and Exploration — From Tracy to Froittenac, A.D. 1665 i6g8. ilRS. (JVVYNNES AND MRS. CROMBIES DANCE: GAVOTTE. Dramatis Persome. Marquis de Tracy, - M. de Courcei.les, COMTE DE FrONTENAC, Chevalier de Chaumont, Baron de Longi euil, M. DE VlLl.EBON, M. deCatinat, - M. DE la Barre, M. DE Bienville, Chevalier deVaudreuil, Baron La Hontan, Chevalier d'Iukrville, Henri de Tontv, M. Talon, - . . - Charles LeMovne, - SiEUR de la Salle, Grevsolon du I, hut. Chevalier de Sainte-Helene, L. lOLI.IKT, Sir" W. Phips, KoNDiARONK (The Rat) Habitants,* - . . - P'uR Traders," - Onondaga Chiek, - - - Iroquois Indian, Mr. C. Berkeley Powell. Mr. C. J. Jones. Mr. W. L. Marler. Mr. (iill. Mr. Waldo. Mr. M. Taylor. Mr. Bentley. Mr. Middieton. Mr. Brown-Wallis. Mr. D. C. Campbell. Mr. E. W. Hubbell. Mr. Dumoulin. * Mr. Buck. Mr. A. P'erguson. ■ Mr. C. Blanchet.' Mr. P>. Moore. Mr. W. A. Allan. ' Mr. Dixon.* Mr. Sladen. ' Senator KirchhofiTer. ' .Mr. F. Powell. * I Mr. J. Morris. \ Mr. .Anderson. /Mr. Reid. I Mr. E. C. Grant. Dr. Malloch. * Mr. Critchley. ' Marquise de Tracv, - CO.MTESSE DE FrONTENAC, Madame Duchesneau, Madame de Lotiuniere, Madame de Courcelles, - Madame de Beaumont, Madame de la Chesnav, - Mlle. L.\guide, Madame de la Salle, Madame Boucher de Grosbois, Madame Talon, Madame deLalande, Madame de la Barre, Madame de Longueuil, - Madame de Boisbriant, Madame de Denonville, -Madame de Saurel, - - - Madame I-eMovne, Madame Jolliet, Madei.aine de Vercheres, - Marie LeMovne, Mrs. A. Z. Palmer.* Mrs. E. Moore. ' Mrs. Crumbie. Mrs. Kirchoffer. M iss Malloch. Miss Clayton. Miss L. Powell. Miss Gwynne. Miss Moylan. Miss E. Smith. Miss Caron. Miss Burrowes. Miss (iirouard. Mrs. C. Reed.*^ Miss Kingsford. * Mrs. Irwin.* Mrs. J. F. Irwin.* Mrs F. White.* Mrs. J. Morris. * Miss "Coates. * Miss Patterson. * Dill not il.iii. Standard-bearer : Mr. Beard.' t Nevpr Ml Canada, but r-prceiiti'il as important [wrsons of the jwriod. 36 ILLUSTRATION OF THE SIXTH HISTORIC GROUP MR. CilLL MISS iLAYTON MISS MALUK H MISS SMITH .SMITH MR.CKITlHLFY MK. V IK. E. WALim MISS (,\\ VNNH MR MISS I- I'OWKl.L IIKUWN WAI.I-IS MK. MAKLEK I. I. JONES MK. MKS I Ki'MUlI-; MK. 1)1 Mt'l I.IN MR. A. IKKCISriN :\ir \! IIERKFLFY PoWKLL MISS i.IKniARU MKS. KIKvHHOFFER MISS MoVLAN TAVI.f'K MRS. F WHITE MRS > MK. MIUULETMN OKKIS Mtsa i ASSELS S E \ E X T H HISTORIC G R O U P , Time: The Days of Moiifcal/n and IVo/fe, and the CoiK/iicst of Canada, A. D. Jjj;4-i/6o. MRS. BOURINOT's UANCK : FARANUOLE. Dramatis Personce. Marquis deVaudreuil, Marquis de Montcalivi, Chevalier de Levis, - M. de Bourlamaque, M. deBouuainvii.le, - M. DE Vauquelain, - General Wolfe, Ai>MiRAL Saunders, Governor Shirlev, Sir W. Johnson, Chevalier Johnstone, Colonel Fraser, Huron Chief, French Officer, French Aide-de-Camp, \ Maitke La Blanc, | Military Secretary, Pace, - - - - Brkjadier Senezercues, French Officer, Mr. A. P. CampljcU. Mr. John Christie. Mr. R. B. Matheson. Mr. O. A. Howland.' Mr. L. C. Panel. Mr. John Crai^. * Mr. "p. I). Ros^s. Mr. Shirley Ogilvie.' Dr. Bourinot.* Mr. H. C. Monk. Mr. T- McEvoy. Mr. H. P. Macdonell. Mr. Duncan C. Scott.* Mr. H. A. Bliss.* Mr. Hayes.* Mr. R. H. Havcock.* Master F. H. Codvilie." Mr. McKay. Lieut. G. S. Bowie.* Madame de V.\udreuil, Baroness de Longueuil, Madame de Ramksay, Madame de Lfry, - Mlle. de Lotiuniere, Madame de Saint Ours, .Madame deVarennes, Mlle. de Bi'xancour, Madame de Ricaud, - Madame de Rouville, Madame de Lanaudikre, Madame Pelletier, Acadian and Can.\dian^ Peasants, * j French Canadian Lady \ OF Period, | Madame Senezergues, Mrs. Bourinot. Mrs. J. Ross Robertson, (Toronto.) Mrs. Codville. Miss Haycock. Miss Almon. Mrs. H. C. Monk. Mrs. H. P. Macdonell, Miss Allie Wilson. Mrs. G. B. Pattee.* Mrs. Cr. 1'. Marks,* (Port Arthur.) Mrs. Mallock.* Miss Wallace' (Toronto.) Miss Maude Cameron. Miss J. Cameron. Miss Agatha MacCuaig. Miss Hollingsworth. Miss Hill. Miss Dawson. Mrs. D. C. Scott. Mrs. E. A. Botsford." Mrs. A. W. Fleck.* * Dill iiol (lance. Standard-bearer : Mr. Cafreol. 38 ILLUSTRAT.ION OF THE SEVENTH HISTORIC GROUP MK. MONK MRS. MACDONBLL MK. H MATHESON MR. M EVOV MRS. MONK MRS. CODVILLE MISS M. CAMBRON MM. V. n. KOSS MK. J. CHRISTIE MR CAMPBELL MRS. B(U'RINr)T MKS. ROSS R(^»KRTSON MISS HILL MISS |. CAMERON MR. PA NET MISS WILSON MISS m'cI'AIG EIGHTH HISTORIC GROUP. Time : From the fall of Port Royal (Annapolis ) to the second taking of Loiiishoitrg, and including expatriation of the Acadians, A. D. I'^io-JjjS. MRS. WHITK's DAN'CE : ACADIAN PEASANTS' DANCE. M. I>E SlBERCASE, . . . . Generai- Peiterrelu, Marquis re Maisonfort, Quartermaster-General Robkrison, Governor Cornwai.i.is, Gahriei. Laikine-sse, English t«oi.iiiERs and Acadian Peasants, Acadian Advocate, Paces. Dramatis Mr. McCord. * Mr. \V. C. Edwards. * Mr. LaChapelle. * Professor J. W, Robertson. * Colonel Tyrwhitt. * Mr. H. W. Bowie. * /Messrs. Mitchell, I J. Girouard, "j McNeill and \ D. W. Cameron. Dr. J. A. MacCabe. * r Masters Athelstane -! Marshall and ( Lindsay White. Persomc. Mrs. Mascarene, Madame de Bonaventi re, MAiiAME DE BELLEISI.K, Madame d'Entremont, Madame de StOvide, - Lady Wentworth, - Mrs. SniRi.EV, Lady Fei'I'errell, Madame Uricocr, Acadia II Evancei.ine, Yvonne Leduc, Adele M arm esse, jAC(,)rELiNE Richard, - Marcuerite Barriette, - Josephine Maii.loix, - Marie Landry, Gabrieli.k Melanc/on, Cei.estine Driiois, Therf.se Verc.ez, Yvette Lehlanc, Louise HFbERr, - Azieda Lebel, - Yvonne Lf:bei., Cei,f:stine Langi.ais, Alhertine Fauvel, Hkrminie Lasserre, Genevieve Prince, Babette Verres, Isabella Routhier, Madelaine Poirier, Ali'honsine Routhier, Acadian Woman, - Mrs. Cargill. * Mrs. McCord. * - Mrs. W. C. Edwards. * Mrs. Northrup. - Mrs. J. U. LeMoine. Mrs. O'Brien. * - Mrs. Marshall. * Mrs. MacLiiren. - Madame Bergeron. * Peasants : Miss Kathleen McLaren - Miss Cargill. Mrs. 1). Cameron. - Miss May Gouin. Miss E. Edwards. - Mrs. McGirr. Miss Lavergne. - Mrs. G. C. Edwards. Miss Maclean. - Miss Macrae. Miss Proctor. - Miss Ethel Mulock. Miss Mackie. - Miss May McGee. Miss Wood. - Miss Hunter. Miss MacLaren. - Miss Beith. Mrs. B. Stewart. - Miss O'Brien. Miss Edith Nelson. • Miss Wilson. Mrs. J. A. MacCabe.* • Dill not d.incr. Standard-hearer: Mr. Gallwey.* 40 ILLUSTRATION OF THE KIOHTH HISTORIC GROUP MKS. CAMERON MISS (iUUIN MIS MISS m' lean MISS KEITH . MACKAV MISS START MISS W(HHJ MISS tAKl.U.L MlSS m'KAE MISS PKOLTOK MISS LAVEK{,NE MISS WILSON MISS EIIWAKUS MISS HINTEK MRS. M'filKK MISS E. WILSDN MASTER L. WHITE MASTER MARSHALL MISS M*(;EE Miss <■ BKIEN NINTH HISTORIC GROUP, Time : The Coming of the United Empire Loyalists, A. D. ijj^-ijg2. MRS. R. W. SCOTT's DANCE : SIR ROCJER DE COVERLEY. General Hai.dimand, Richard Cartwright, - Christopher Robinson, Mr. Nicholas Hacierman, Mr. S. Salter Blowers, - Chief Justice Halliburton, John Howe, .... Joseph Brant (" Ihayendanegea") • Did not dance. Dramatis Persome. Mr. P. B. Taylor. Mr. W. L. Scott. Mr. L. Macoun. Mr. J. W. Pugsley. Mr. E. F. Burritt. Mr. D'Arcy Scott. Mr. G. Desbarats. Mr. E. F. Taylor. Mrs. Haldimand, . - - . Mrs. Sewell, - . - . Mrs. Wilmot, - - - - . Miss Betsey Hagerman, Miss Inglis, - - - - - Miss Phcebe Vernon, - Mrs. Marjorie Macdonai.d, - Miss Priscilla Wallbridgk, Sister Martha Quincy, (a Mennoniie) Standard-hearer : Mr. Sc ott. Miss Mary Scott. Miss Robertson. Miss F. Magee. Miss I.eMoine. Miss Ehnsley. Miss Grace Ritchie Miss Agnes Scott. Miss Lihan Scott. Faith Fenton. 42 \ ILLUSTRATION OF THE NINTH HISTORIC CxROUP. MIS.S I). KlJilHK ISfiN MK. BlHRirr MISS MAI. BE MISS L. SC ' )T I MK. A. C. MAC UOSALD, M. f. MISS A. SC()TT MK. Pr(;SLtY MISS SLiiTT MK. A. St (iTl MK. . II. TAYLOK MK U. StOTT MISS LEMOINE MISS ELMSl.KY MK, W. -if o'lT MK MAloUN THE INDIAN ClROUP, In order to explain the illustration on the next page, the editor notes that after the State Lancers, (see page 24,) the Indians that had taken part in the various historic groups formed themselves into a separate body, and marched to the front, the chiefs and ijraves first, and the women next, in the Indian fashion. Mr. Hayter Reed, as Donnaconn, made a speech in Cree, with all the guttural articulations appropriate on such occasions, and Mr. Wilfred Campbell, as Tessouat, acted as interpreter. His Excellency made a suitable acknowledgment and received the Pipe of Peace, presented to him in due form. The whole proceeding was well managed, and certainly unique in the Senate Chamber, which has never l)efore been invaded by the Indiiin aborigines, in real or mimic guise. 44 ILLUSTRATION OF THE TENTH HISTORIC GROUP MLLE DEKIUKAU MK. \V. \V. CAMPIIELL MISS GRAHAM MAJOR mV.ILLIVFAY MR. HAYTER REED MR. SIMPSON MRS. CAMPBELL MRS. W. CVMMINGS MISS (iRACE LOWRHY MISS BLOOMFIELD MRS. ATKINSON- MASTER JACK LOWREY MR MUNN BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE. The reader who wishes to follow more closely the story of Canada as illustrated at the Historic Ball, will find the following references useful: DeCosta's Pre-Columbian Discovery of America by the Northmen (Albany, N.Y., 1868); Sir Daniel Wilson's Vinland of the Northmen in the Trans. Roy. Sor. Can., Vol. VIII. (Montreal, 1890). Two papers by Dr. S. E. Dawson on the Cabot Voyages in Trans. Hoy. Soc. Can., Vol. XII. old series, and Vol. II. new series (Ottawa, 1894 and 1896). Jacques Cartier's Voyages, in English, by Joseph Pope (Ottawa, 1889), and H. B. Stephens (Montreal, 1891); in French, by N. E. Dionne (Quebec, 1891); Toiion de Longrais (Rennes, France), H. Michelant and E. Rame (Paris, 1867). L'Escarbot's New France, in French, Tross's ed. (Paris, 1866), which contains an account also of Cartier's first voyage. Sagard's History of Canada, in French, Tross's ed. (Paris, 1866). Champlain's works, in French, Laverdiere's ed. (Quebec, 1870); Prince Society's English ed. (Boston, 1878-80). Lafitau's Customs of the Savages, in French (Paris, 1724). Charlevoix's History of France, in French (Paris, 1744); Shea's English version (New York, 1866). Jesuit Relations, in French (Quebec ed., 1858). P'erland's Course of Canadian History, in French (Quebec, 1861-1865). Garneau's History of Canada, in French (Montreal, 1882.) Suite's French Canadians, in French (Montreal, 1882-84). ^- Parkman's series of histories of French Regime, viz. : Pioneers of France in the Neiv World: The Jesuits in North America; The old Regime; Frontenac ; The Discovery of the Great West; A Half Century of Conflict ; Montcalm and Wolfe; Conspiracy of Pontiac (Boston, 1865- 1884). Justin VVinsor's From Carticr to Frontenac (Boston, 1894). Hannay's Acadia (St. John, N.B., 1879). W. Kingsford's History of Canada (Toronto and London, 1887-1896). Bourinot's Cape Breton and its Memorials of the French Regime, Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., Vol. IX., and separate (Montreal, 1891). Casgrain's Montcalm and Levis, in French (Quebec, 1891). Haliburton's Nova Scotia (Halifax, 1829). Murdoch's iVOT'rt Scotia (Halifax, 1865-67). Campbell's />/«« .E^zr^rf/ /f/rt«