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 PROS3?KCTUS 
 
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 or A 
 
 JOINT STOCK COMPANY 
 
 TO BE ronVED UMDER THE NAME AND STTLE OF - ' ► f "*' 
 
 THE BRITISH NORTH-WEST AMERICAN EMIGRANTS' 
 •^ SETTLEMENT ASSOCIATION. 
 
 (Ltmi{«(<>) 
 
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 Capital £200,000| divided into 2,000 Shares, of £100 each- 
 
 The object of the proposed Association is to acquire large blocks of 
 land in British Columbia and Vancouver Island, in suitable localities, 
 of sufficient extent, in the aggregate, ia provide 400 farms of 200 acres 
 each (t. c. 100 acres prairie or arable land, and 100 acres forest) ; and 
 to settle upon the same emigrants from Great Britain, Germany, and 
 other couD tries, to be forwarded at tne expense of the Association. 
 
 To repay the outlay thus incurred, and provide a remunerative divi- 
 dend upon the capital of the shareholders, :* 's proposed that the cost of 
 each farm, and all other expenses connected with the transport and 
 establishment of the settler upon it, be made a first charge upon the 
 property, to be repaid at the convenience of the settler, — the farm being 
 until such repayment, rented on shares, i. «., one-half of the net produce 
 III kind to be paid to the Association. The amount to be thus charged 
 against each settler will of course depend, in part, on the price to be 
 paid to the Government for the land, and the number in family. In 
 Vancouver Island the price of wild land, as I have been credibly in- 
 
 
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 formed, has been $1 {)cr acre. In British Colambia, (to which Van- 
 couver L.and hss been receDtly united,) there is every reason to hope 
 that free grants may be obtained for the purposes of the Association. 
 
 Assuming the price of the land at $1 per acre, the whole amount to 
 be charged against each settler may be estimated as follows : 
 
 200 acres of land, @ $1 i^.r acre, .... S200 
 Fencing 100 acres of tillable land with Hubstantial 
 
 rail fence, @ $30 per mille feet . • . 260 
 
 A good, substantial log-house, containing three rooms, 160 
 
 Passage for a family of .three adults, @ $150 each, 450 
 Necessary implements and provisions for the family 
 
 until they reap their first harvest, . . . 230 
 
 81,300 
 
 On payment of which, the settler will become the proprietor of his farm 
 in fee simple, end be exonerated from all further payment whatever. 
 Tbo amount so refunded, being a part of the capital of the Association, 
 may either be returned to the shareholder^;, in redemption of stock, or 
 expended in further extending the operations of the Company, as may 
 hereafter be determined. 
 
 It is proposed that a portion of the capital should be employed in the 
 building or purchase of two ships for the conveyance of the emigrants 
 to their destination ; they should be of a carrying capacity of 1500 to 
 2,000 tons each, and so arranged as to take a return cargo of masts, 
 spars, and ship-building timber. The profits on these vessels would 
 considerably lessen the emigration expenses of the Company. 
 
 ' Employment of Capital. 
 
 400 Farms, at an average cost (including purchase, 
 improvemeat, and emigration expenses, as above) 
 ofS),300, or £260Btg. each, . . . . £104,000 
 
 Purchase of two Ships, and other expenses not 
 enumerated in the above, including a Reserve 
 Fund, , 06,000 
 
 * ' V, ^ £200,000 
 To be called in in proportion to the amount required from time to time. 
 
 
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 260 
 160 
 450 
 
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 ir of Lis farm 
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 ployed in the 
 he emigrants 
 y of 1500 to 
 rgo of mastfi, 
 vessels would 
 
 :104,000 
 
 06.000 
 
 200,000 
 time to time. 
 
 
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 CalculatioM at to the Financial Revultg. 
 
 In estimating the revenue to he derived from the rental of farms, the 
 annual produce of the land put under cultivation is assumed to he 
 (taking all kinds of agricultural produce into account,) of the net value 
 of 5 hushels of wheat per acre, after deducting the cost of cultivation. 
 This would give 500 boshels of wheat Tor its equivalent in value,) as 
 the product of each farm, without including a possible income from 
 other sources, as, for instance, the sale of timber and spars when the 
 land is so situate as to admit of the transport thereof to a shipping place. 
 Assuming, then, the annual produce of each farm to be equivalent to 
 500 bushels of wheat, the rent payable to the Company would be 250 
 bushels, which, at 80 cents per bushel (though the average price has 
 seldom been less than 81.20), would amount to $200, making, for the 
 400 farms, an aggregate of 8SO,000, (about £16,000 stg.) being an 
 interest of 8 per cent on the entire nominal capital of the Company, 
 (£200,000 or 81,000,000,) without taking into account the profits to be 
 made by the Company's vessels, on return cargoes. Thefe estimates are 
 based upon a practical knowledge of the country and its capabilities, and 
 may be accepted as trustworthy and reliable. 
 
 The generality of modern ships arc built rather with a view to fast 
 sailing than to their carrying capacity ; biit the interests of the Com- 
 pany, and of all concerned do not render extraordinarily quick passages 
 paramount to all other considerations ; on the contrary, safety and com- 
 fort must be pre-eminently considered. Besides, the length of a passage, 
 especially on long voyages, will frequently depend more on favorable 
 weather, wind, currents, and other contingencies, than on such aid as 
 artificial contrivances may afford j aud experience has gliowo that well- 
 built flat-bottomed ships can be so constructed as to combine the two 
 desirable qualities of carrying and sailing. Such ships, built by the 
 Company for their own purposes, would be found far more serviceable 
 than any that could be chartered. 
 
 The proportion of the capital to be called in aiul expended, from time 
 to time, — the extent of the operations of the Company, and the prin- 
 ciples upon which they shall be carried on, together with all minor 
 details, must necessarily be left to the decision of the Company, after 
 
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 tbey shall have been dulj orguDued, under ilie operation of tlie Impe- 
 rial Statute proTiding for the formation of Joint Stock Companies. 
 
 The Provincial Agenej of the Company iriU be established at the 
 city of Victoria (Vancouver Island), where the interests of the British 
 North American pos^esiions on the Pacific are most properly and con- 
 veniently centered. 
 
 
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 '«•',■>■■■ 
 
 REMARKS 
 
 Jij/ the chiej promoter of the Colonization Scheme rrferrtd to in the fore" 
 lioing PronpectuSj in reference to the mode of carrjfing the game into 
 tfiirt, the capabilities of the country for settlt'ment^ and the probable 
 tiiccta* of the nndertahiitg. ■ /. . 
 
 WheD the idea embodied in the proposed plan of colonizatioD was 
 first suggested, as a means of providing, for a portion of the superabun- 
 dant agricultural population ^ Great Britain and Germany, a home and 
 a comfortable independence in the netr world, I at first turned my at- 
 tention to Vancouver Island, as a place that appeared calculated to afford 
 a favorable field of operations, as it bears a great resemblance in respect 
 of climate, soil and natural productiveness (in such parts as are suitable 
 for cultivation) to the British Isles. AVith this object in view I visited 
 the Island in 1865, and pursued my investigations for a period of several 
 months. The result of my inquiries, however, conirinced me that for 
 the present it did not afford facilities for the settlement of emigrants 
 upon an extensive scale. I found, indeed, that it contained some excel- 
 lent land for agricultural purposes, but not of sufficient extent and im- 
 portance to meet the requirements of wy plan. A more serious difficulty, 
 however, and one that was for the time insuperable, arose from the un- 
 certainty then existing as to the control of the Crown Lands in the 
 Colony. I had submitted my Colonization Scheme for the consideration 
 of Ilis Excellency the Governor of Vancouver, who, though evidently 
 favorable to the scheme, was met by the difficnl^^ to which I have alluded, 
 and which the following extract from a letter addressed to me by the 
 Colonial Secretary, on the 30th of October, 18G5, will explain: — ^ The 
 present uncertain condition of the Crown Ijands in the Colony of A'^an- 
 couvcr Island, presents an almost insuperable difficulty to any prospec- 
 tive pledges being made with respect to them. When the question is 
 settled as to whether those lands shall 6e controlled by the Legislature 
 of the Colony, or by the Governor on behalf of Her Majesty's Govern- 
 ment, His Excellency doubts not, whichever event may happen, that 
 
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 (he facilities afforded to actiuJ settlers for acquiring land, will be of the 
 fullest description, and that every encouragement will be given to pro« 
 mote the introduction of settlers really adapted to the requirements and 
 character of the country." The difficulty re;^rdiog the Crown Lands, 
 referred to in this letter, was one chat was not easy of solution. Had it 
 resulted in vesting the control of the lands in the Legislature, subject 
 to the payment of certain Governmental expenses out of the proceeds 
 of sales, it would probably have led to so high a valuation of the lands, 
 for purposes of revenue, as to unfit them for the purpose of any general 
 scheme of colonization. 
 
 Since that time Vancouver Island ha.<;, by an Act of the Imperial 
 Parliament, been annexed to British Odbimbia, which will no doubt 
 lead to an adjustment of the question in dispute. In the maan time, 
 however, I found it advisable to limit my operations, for the present, to 
 British Columbia, where a more favorable prospect of success was afford- 
 ed. I submitted my plans to His Excellency Governor Seymour, on 
 the eve of his departure from the colony, and subsequently to the Hon. 
 Arthur N. Birch, Administrator of the Government. Bis answer 
 (through the Colonial Secretary) was extremely favorable, and referred 
 me to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, who alone could authorize 
 the free grant of lands which I had solicited in furtherance of ray 
 scheme. This correspondence will be found appended hereto. {^Marked 
 No. 1.) 
 
 It has been assorted that the amount of land in British Columbia that 
 is fit for cultivation is not great when compared with the gross area of 
 the colony. This is undoubtedly true in the mining districts ; never- 
 theless, there is an abundance of agricultunil land in the country, suit- 
 able for every branch of rural economy and husbandry. In support of 
 this statement, I need only refer to a work published in 1S65, intituled 
 ** Vancouver Island and British Columbia, their history, resources and 
 prospects," by Matthew Macfie, F.R.G.S, (London, Lungmans,) the 
 latest and best work on the V^cific Colouir.-*, containing a fund of infor- 
 mation and ::rtatistics, acquired from personal observation nod reliable 
 official data. This writer, speaking in reference to the agricultural and 
 other capabiliti^:: of British Columbia, says: "' It is no liuel on the farming 
 
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 capabilities of the counirj, to Faj that its metalliferous capabilities are 
 greater. I ilo not hesitate to assert thai Britith Columbia contains suffU 
 cient arable soil to suftain a population o/many million* ; besides, the 
 hrge and profitable markets furnished to agricultural producers bj 
 miuio;:; and trading settlements, arc unequalled in any pari of the 
 world/' He considers it strange " that farmers, skilful and respectable, 
 but not rich, in £Dgland, and aliio in other parts of the British Empire 
 f'hould be content to struggle on, with high rents and low prices, while 
 so tempting an opportunity iuTitcs them to become owners of land at a 
 small figure, with the assurance of a superior market for their prodnee. 
 For the class of farmers to which reference has just been made (he 
 adds), I know of no field of agricultural enterprise offering advantages 
 to be compared with those found in our Pacific Colonics.^ (pp. 173,285.) 
 With regard to the climate, he says: ** The climate of Cariboo (the 
 principal mining region,) is fievere, there the winters are long, lasting 
 from Norembcr till the end of April ; yet the weather is usually clear 
 and calm. « * ♦ Hut with the exception of CariboO; the climate 
 of British Columbia is universally regarded as one of the finest in the 
 world. Nor can the fact of its extreme healthiness be too much insisted 
 on. Cases of sickness are rare, and many who suffered at home from 
 feeble health, have here iolialed new life from the bracing mount^n 
 breeze.'* (p. 284.) With regard to the mildness cf the climate of the 
 Pacific Colonics, it is a fact well known to meteorologists, that the iso- 
 thermal line (or line of equal temperature,^ treu'^s to the Northward as ii 
 crosses the continent to the "West, thus rendering the climate of Fori 
 Simpson, on the Pacific (in lat. 55°), equal to that of New York (in 
 laL40*»). 
 
 With advantages of soil and climate such as these, — with a large and 
 increasing mining population, affording a sure market for agricultural 
 produce within the Colony, — why is it that the toil-worn agriculturists 
 and yeomen of the old country, who can barely meet the rent of their 
 farms from }car to year, have been slow to seize the opportunity of 
 achieviag for themselves a comfortable independence on the virgin soil 
 of a new country ? The answer is Hmple; — want of capital. The dis> 
 tauce of the Pacific Colonies from Great Britain and the continent of 
 
 
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 Europe, is an iosupcrablc obstacle to the class of men ivho would mo5t 
 benefit bj emigration. Few of them would be able, after convertins 
 the whole of their cflccts into money, to do more than procure a con- 
 vcjan'^c for themselves and their families to *^ e distant chores of the 
 Pacific ; and they would find theni^lTC5, upon landing, without the 
 means requiiiite to start (hem in their new venture. It is precisely to 
 meet the case of this ckis of settler?, that the present scheme is pro- 
 jected. The plan of settlement which I propose, is to procure grants of 
 land in diflcrent parts of the Colony, where facilities of communication 
 exist (by no means wanting in British Columbia,) to be obtained from 
 iisie to time, as they may be required for the purposes of settlement, 
 and to lay out about fifty farms in each locality . ': he tillable land for 
 the farms will be parcelled out in plots cor ining lUO contiguous acres, 
 (from the large tracts of prairie land found in various parts of the 
 couDliy) ; while the woodland can be taken from portions of the neigh- 
 boring forests, according to locality and requirements. It is proposed 
 that each tract of land, when acquired from the Government, should be 
 vested in the ^Association in fee simple, who would thereby become 
 Land or Z«/uMords of the future settlers, under the conditions to be 
 prescribed by and agreed upon with the Government, the tenants sever- 
 ally paying to the Association, by way of rent, one-half the net produce 
 of their farms, until they are in a position to repay, from their own 
 resources, the amount expended on them respectively, in the manner set 
 forth in the Prospectus, in conformity with the By-laws of the Associa- 
 tion, and the contract signed by the settlers. Each settler, so soon as 
 he shall have thus re-imbursed the Company's outlay, will be entitled to 
 receive a deed of his farm, in fee simple, and will be exonerated from 
 any further rent or payment whatever, no charge being made against 
 him for interest or profit, which are fully provided for in the rent pay- 
 able in kind, which must necessarily be pa^-ablc for several years, before 
 he can expect to find himself in a position to pay off his indebtedness to 
 the Company; in the meantime he remains their tenant, removable only 
 in case of notorious neglect or mismanagemenL 
 
 After the establishment of the two first settlements of 50 farms each 
 (comprising the first grant), it is proposed to apply for a second one of 
 
 
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 )rc8 of the 
 without the 
 >rccu5clj to 
 cue is pro- 
 c grants of 
 municatioD 
 lined from 
 settlement, 
 »Ie land for 
 uoas acres, 
 irts of the 
 the neigh- 
 is proposed 
 , fihoald be 
 bj become 
 tions to be 
 lants scTcr- 
 let produce 
 their own 
 manner set 
 !ic Associa- 
 so soon as 
 entitled to 
 rated from 
 dc against 
 e rent paj- 
 ;ars, before 
 btcdness to 
 )vablc only 
 
 farms caeh 
 ond ODe of 
 
 
 r 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 ' w — * . ■ — ' — ' — " — * • — ' — i 
 
 00,000 acres, to provide for the remaining 300 farms, which>^>.!;en the 
 irucccss of the undcrtaVing has become apparent — will be more readilj 
 conceded. The shares of the Association will be assessed in proportion 
 to the requirements until the entire nominal Capital (£100 "^ share) 
 Iia5 been paid in full. The indacements held out in. the United States 
 for Immigration being much more in favor of that country^ which is 
 within the more immediate reach of the emigrant, it is clear to cverj 
 ihinkin*^ . '"id, that extraordinary facilities will be rcr|uired to attract 
 and secure 'a desirable poptJation for agricultural pursuits in this cobQ- 
 try, n u 1 su?' a^ will uvcntually have the effect of turning the current of 
 Emigration to (be chores of the British American possessions on the 
 Pacific. Those advantages will be attained by the principle upon which 
 it is ^iropiksed to found the Company, and which does not impose the 
 least sacrifice, either "'ial or imaginary, upon the Shureholders, bnt^ on 
 the contrary, opens ft source for profitable investment, equally suitable 
 to the interests of the Government, of the Capitalists, and of the Set* 
 tiers, while at the same time it meets the views and wishes of the phil- 
 anthropist, by the aid and succour it afifords to the struggling and over- 
 worked toilers of the old countiy. 
 
 The information which I have acquired from careful personal investi- 
 gation, and ft long and moltifaiions experience, upon which I have felt 
 justified in relying in the framing of a scheme of so much importance 
 to the welfare of a community as is involved in a systematic plan of 
 emigration, might possibly not have snfilced, and more serious obstacles 
 mi'^ht have presented themselves in its execution, had it not been re- 
 served for a period when the expediency, not to say the necessity of 
 Immigntion from Europe into the British N. W. A. Colonies, urges it- 
 self £0 strongly upon the public mind. Having made it a particular 
 business to study the resources and future prospects of the British N. 
 American possessions;, it app>t>nrs to me thatybiir measures are indis- 
 pensable to secure their permaaont prosperity, and the development of 
 their resources, viz. : — 
 
 1. A Union of all the Colonics from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
 under one General Government and Law. 
 
 2. The opening of a Railway, or such other communication as roaj be 
 
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 available and practically useful, for tlic transport of goods and passen- 
 gers from one Ocean to the other. 
 
 3. The maintenance of Victoria (Vancouver Island) as a Free Port, 
 it being a place which from its position and natural advantages, is evi- 
 dently destined to become the emporium of trade for the North Pacific. 
 
 4. The adoption of a system of free Immigration under liberal en- 
 actments. 
 
 Unless these measures are carried into effect, the rising iuterests of 
 these Colonies and those connected ^vith them (which are bound up 
 with those of the Mother Country), and the important facilities they 
 afford for trade and intercourse with the East Indies, Chfna, and the 
 Western hemisphere in general, instead of becoming a connecting chain 
 icithln their oicn lonlers, will sooner or later fall a prey to other nations 
 more ready to avail themselves of their resources. 
 
 With regard to the first of these measures, (a union of the British 
 North American Colonies,) the Confederation of the Can.idas with the 
 Maritime provinces on the Atlantic, which is now being carried into 
 cfiFect, is doubtless but the first step towards that more extensive Union 
 which is so essential to the maintenance of British and Colonial interests 
 on the continent of America, as it is understood that provision will be 
 made for the admission of the more westerly Provinces so soon as it 
 may be found advisable for their welfare to include them in the Confe- 
 deration. 
 
 With regard to the second, (the construction of a Railway or other 
 communication across the continent, with'.u the British possessions,) 
 the idea is by no means new. So long ago as 1679, Robert Chevalier 
 de la Salle suggested the opening of a way to China and Japan through 
 the Lake regions of Canada; and of late yeaiS the project has been 
 brought before the public by numerous writers. To shew that it is no 
 vain chimera, I take the liberty of quoting the following from a speech 
 made by the Right lion, the Earl of Carnarvon, at the presentation of 
 the Royal awards to Captains Burton and Palliser (Rojal Geographical 
 Society) on the 23rd May, 1859 : '• It is not unreasonable to look for- 
 ward to the establishment of u regular system of transit, commencing 
 from Noya Scotia and the shores of New J3runswick, p^ssiqg throug;h 
 
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 &kL 
 
 
 

 and passeD- 
 
 a Free Port, 
 tagcs, is evi- 
 orth Pacific, 
 liberal en- 
 
 iutercsts of 
 bouod up 
 acilitics they 
 JusL, and the 
 lecting chain 
 other nations 
 
 tlie British 
 >das with the 
 
 carried into 
 cnsive Union 
 )oial interests 
 ision will be 
 so soon as it 
 in the Confe- 
 
 way or other 
 possessions,) 
 ert Chevalier 
 apan through 
 jct has been 
 ' that it is no 
 rom a speech 
 c^sentatioa of 
 Geographical 
 e to look for- 
 coiuuicucin!]' 
 isiqg through 
 
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 11 
 
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 Canada, touching upon the Red River Settlement, crossing the prairies 
 to the Vermilion Pass, where we know that the inclination is so moderate 
 that nature has placed no insurmountable obstacles to the construction 
 of a Railway, till it reaches the gold-bearing Colony of British Columbia, 
 creating fresh centres of civilization, and consolidating British interests 
 and feelings/' Lord Bury, 31. P., a nobleman well acquainted with this 
 subject, not long since expressed his opinions in regard to it, in the fol- 
 lowing terms : — " Our trade in the Pacific Ocean, with China and with 
 India, must ultimately be carried on through our North American pos- 
 sessions^ at any rate, our political and commercial supremacy will have 
 utterly departed from us if we neglect that very great and important 
 consideration, and if we fail to carry out to its fullest extent the physi- 
 cal advantages which the country offers to us, and which we have only 
 to stretch out our hands to take advantage of." Mr. Sanford Fleming, 
 engineer to the Northern Railway of Canada, in his observations on this 
 subject recently published, expresses the conviction tbat " the time is 
 approaching when a highway across the continent will no longer by any 
 one be viewed as visionary ;" though he advocates a continuous Hue of 
 Railway, the cost of which he estimates at 8100,000,000, or £20,000,000 
 stg. It is evident that an undertaking of this kind could not meet with 
 adequate support until the line of country that it. would traverse shall 
 have been more or less settled, so as to supply a sufficient amount of 
 local or " way traffic " ; and he advises, as a preliminary step, the opening 
 of *' Colonization Roads" from Canada to the fertile plains of the North 
 West. 3Iacfie (already quoted) also declares emphatically, that " for 
 the purpose of opening up the rich lands of the interior, and establish- 
 ing direct communication between the parent country and our North 
 Pacific Colonics, an Emiguant Route is imperatively demanded, and 
 is as practicable as it is necessary." For this purpose, the lakes iu the 
 interior, the Assiniboine, Qu'Appellc, and other rivers, with the North 
 and South branches of the Saskatch.ewau, would be available for the 
 purposes of navigation to a very great extent for steamers of light draught, 
 such as are now used on the rapid rivers of ludia; a comparatively small 
 extent of lockage would supply a continuous navigation of many hun- 
 dreds of miles, through the " Fertile Belt of the Saskatchewan," so 
 
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 called because it is a fertile tract bounded on the North by a Bub-arotic 
 region, and on tbe South by the great American Desert, stretching 
 through the interior of the United States to Texas. This " Fertile 
 Belt" is thus described by Professor Ilind, M.A., F.R.G.S., who was 
 employed by the Government in 1857, to explore the North-west 
 Territory: — "Glance at the map, and you will see a broad, fertile belt, 
 stretching from the Lake of tho Woods to the auriferous flanks of the 
 Rocky Mountains. That beautiful oasis * • * contains Forty 
 Million acres of the richest soil. On the western limits of the fertile 
 belt lies the great gold country. Cross the low height of land, not 6,000 
 feet above the sea, through the Vermilion Pass in the Bocky Mountains, 
 and you tread upon the auriferous terraces of British Columbia/' within 
 easy access of the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 That the British Government, who have expended such large 
 sums, from time to time, in futile endeavors to discover a " North- 
 West Passage" by sea, (which, if found, must be utterly useless 
 for the purposes of commerce,) should have been so slow to perceive 
 the immense importance to her best interests of this true " North-West 
 passage" across British territory, to her Indian possessions and China, is 
 indeed matter of surprise, when it is considered that the present route, 
 across tbe Isthmus of Suez, may at any time be interrupted in the event 
 of war with any European power, and the safct}- of her Indian Empire 
 be fearfully imperilled. The importance of this route, even in time of 
 peace, cannot be overlooked, involving, as it does, a saving of time in 
 the passage to Hong Kong (as compared with the Suez route) estimated 
 by Macfie at from 14 to 20 days. I have not space for any further re- 
 marks on this subject, but will simply give the following paragraph from 
 the New Yoric LvavjeUst of December, 18GG, to show how thoroughly 
 the Government and people of the United States understand the impor- 
 tance and value of the commerce of the East :— 
 
 "Commerce with China and Japan. — This week will be memo- 
 rable in the history of American commerce, by the sailing from this 
 port on Tuesday of the first steamer that is to c{ iiect, by Panama and 
 San Francisco, with the new line to Japan and China. The 'Chauncey' 
 takes, we believe, the first regular mail to Eastern Asia that has ever 
 
 
 
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 El 6ub-aretic 
 stretching 
 is " Fertile 
 who was 
 North-west 
 fertile belt, 
 nks of the 
 ains Forty 
 f the fertile 
 1, not 5,000 
 Mountains, 
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 a "North- 
 erly useless 
 to perceive 
 North-West 
 BiD(l China, is 
 resent route, 
 in the event 
 liian Empire 
 n in time of 
 g of time in 
 tc) estimated 
 y further re- 
 ragraph from 
 V thoroughly 
 id the impor- 
 
 ri!l he memo- 
 ng from this 
 Panama and 
 5 'Chauncey' 
 liat has ever 
 
 13 
 
 
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 d 
 
 one by a Western route. Henceforth our letters to China, 'instead of 
 ping to England, and up the Mediterranean, across ligypt, and down 
 the Ked Sea to India, will go direct across our own country and across 
 the Pacific. On t'ae first day of January the * Colorado' is to leave 
 San Francisco to Japan direct, and expects to make the voyage in 
 about eighteen days. Mr. A. A. Low, the distinguished China merchant, 
 left this city a few day? since for San Francisco, to take the first steamer „ 
 for Japan, wlierc he has a large house. With the opening of this new 
 line, Asiatic commerce will be greatly increased. This is one of the ' 
 great movements of the age, for it is the first mail steam connection 
 between the United States and the Asiatic world, and the first great 
 movement in the earnest struggle, on our part, for what all nations have 
 been centuries struggling lor, * the trade of the Indies.' When the 
 Pacific railroad is completed, now advanced 300 miles from Omaha, (N. 
 T.) on our side, and now capping the mountains on the California side— 
 a completion thkt can take place even in three years — if the Govern- 
 ment should see fit to remunerate the contractors for hurrv and haste 
 and waste, beyond their existing contracts, by extra remuneration, tJien 
 New York city will really become the great centre of commerce, and 
 upon this point here, will turn the foreign exchanges of the whole 
 world." 
 
 I also append a memorandum supplied to me by Mr. Alfred Wadding- 
 ton, the projector of the Bute Inlet and Qneuelle 31outh Railroad Coia- 
 puLy (in British Columbia), now in course of organization in London, 
 Qiuai'kcd J\\f. 2), which contains a table of distances, shewing the ini- 
 mcijss saving that would be cfifoctcd by tlio udoptiuu ol the British 
 Auierican route, over the only one yet in operatiou (»u the continent — 
 that by the Isthmus of Panama. - . / .. -.. ..v.: 
 
 With reference to the third of the measures above suggested, (the 
 muiutcnaoce of Victoria as a free port) the immense advantage that 
 must accrue to the colony in making it the great centre of the commerce 
 of the Pacific, must be evident to ail. Macfie is so strongly impressed 
 with its importance, that he devotes un entire chapter of his work to the 
 subject, lie demonstrates its su]>eriority for the purpose over all the 
 other harbours on the Pacific coast North of San Francisco, and the 
 advantage it possesses even over that wealthy port in the matter of return 
 
 13.^5?" ' 
 
 
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 14 
 
 cargoes, as respects the sopplies of masts, spars, and sliips* timber gen- 
 erally, and of fisli, irith wbicli the forests and seas of the Cclonie^ 
 respectively abound. I append a letter on this sabject, recently pub- 
 lished in the Victoria (V. I.) Datft/ Chronicle, which was Trritten h\ 
 myself, at the request of the Editor. {Marl:ed No. 3.) 
 
 As regards the fourth of these measures, (the adoption of a systciL 
 of free immigration) I respectfully submit the scheme embraced in the 
 foregoi9g Prospectus, as the initial enterprise in that direction. 
 
 When I left Europe several years ago for the purpose of establishing 
 myself in San Francisco, some of my friends who were capitalists and 
 ship-owners, assisted me, on their own account, to project an undertaking, 
 similar to my present plan. 
 
 My attention and exertions (in Europe) having been directed towards 
 its accomplishment, I found nothing previous to my departure for Cali- 
 fornia to impede my course, but on the contrary, everything tending to 
 favor it. In California, however, unforeseen difficulties presented them- 
 selves, which it was not in my power to control or overcome, and, much to 
 my regret, I was obliged to give up all hope of carrying out the project 
 iu that country ; but a casual sojourn at Victoria (V. I.), about two 
 years ago, couvinceu me that that is in faci the only suitable ]>oint for 
 the centralization of the interests of the Association, and that the Pacific 
 Colonics aiTord the most promising field for t.t../ entcrprizc. 
 
 The .«;ystem of ** renting farms on shares," has already been introduccJ 
 upon my suggestion on a large cstaie in California, and has perfectly 
 succeeded ; though iu this cai^c the laud only was supplied (at a high 
 valuation), without any of the additional advantages contemplated in 
 the scheme now proposed. ^ 
 
 With the exception of want of security in property titles, acd conse- 
 quent disastrous litigation, the state of the agricultural interests in Cali- 
 lornia very much resembles that in the British Colonics on the Pacific ; 
 that exception, however, is so clearly and strongly in favor of the luster, 
 that as it becomes more generally felt, it will no doubt have great weight 
 in the preferencjc given to the British possessions. 
 
 That farmers possessed of adequate meacs will come to this or any 
 other new country, cannot, for some time to come, be expected, neither 
 would they be the most desirable settlers in the beginning; for the 
 
 il 
 
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 "Bn 
 
 
 
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 ;'.:'=;'••• Vv^-f 
 
 ^•^m"^ 
 
 
 s* timber gen. 
 the Colonies 
 recently pub- 
 
 ras written bv 
 
 n of a sjstciL 
 
 ubraced in the 
 
 etion. 
 
 of establisbiog 
 
 capitalists and 
 n nndertakincr. 
 
 1 
 
 fl 
 
 irected towards 
 arturc for Cali- 
 ling tending tc 
 >resentcd tbem- 
 le, and, nincb to i 
 out the project 1 
 I.), abont Iwof 
 tab!e ]>oint for 
 that tbc Pacific! 
 
 IZC. t 
 
 >ccn introduceil^ 
 id has perfectly ' | 
 r)liod (at a high ' 
 onteuiplated in;| 
 
 :lcs, and consc- 
 iterc5t£ in Cali-j] 
 on the Pacific ; \ 
 )rof the latter,! 
 ve great weight f 
 
 j 
 
 to this or any | 
 pectcd, neither 
 miug; for the 
 
 uolooked for difierence which they would meet with in regard to ease 
 Slid comfort, would soon make tbem dissatisfied ; whilst gentlemen from 
 the old country who are possessed of capital, and are attracted by the 
 richaess, cheapness and extent of the land to be acquired, bi^ are not 
 accustomed to practical agricultural pursuits, generally fail in the attempt, 
 and sink the capital they have brought with them. ,, . . 
 
 The following are the two classes of emigrants, (German, Eoglisth 
 and Scotch) to whom my attention is principally directed j in Germany, 
 more especially, many agriculturists are to be found, owners of small 
 farms, with large " grown up" families, out of debt and comfortable, 
 aoxious, but unable to provide for their sons. After the father's death 
 the estate is too small to provide for theui all, and before I left £urope 
 for California I found in Germauy many of that class wishing to emi- 
 pratc. - ■■' ^■-'■,;' - ■-• "'x- 
 
 The second class consists of poor, hard toiling farmers, who rent their 
 farms, and find it hard work — so to speak — " to make both ends meet." 
 A judicious selection of emigrants out of these two classes will not be 
 difficult, and will prove the only means to secure success, and give satis- 
 faction to all concerned in the undertaking. They arc a valuable class 
 of people, particularly for a new country, and while the Government at 
 home will be relieved — in a financial point of view — of a certain actual 
 or prospective burden by their emigration, they will prove a boon to the 
 new country whither they direct their steps. They undertake their 
 work with heart and soul, nor will there be any need to tempt or attract 
 them by drawing pictures couleur tie rose ; they will be fully satis- 
 fied with the task before them, and prepared by hard toil to secure 
 future comforts. 
 
 It requires no persuasion to induce conviction that such men, when 
 well guided, will be easily controlled, and do justice to themselves and 
 the Company, and that at no distant period, they will become owners 
 themselves, and a blessing to tbc country they have adopted as their 
 future home. Before long the first settlers will hold out increased in- 
 ducements for others to follow, at the same time that they will aid and 
 assist the latter, so as to facilitate their early and comfortable settlement 
 St'njh emigrants do not, as a rqlo, form s, desirable class of settlers J 
 
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 being unable to work their farms without assistance, which cannot 
 readily be obtained, in these mining districts, except at high wages, they 
 arc tempted to seek employment in the mines, or to cross over to the 
 United States to work on settled farms. The interests, therefore, both 
 of the country and of the settlers, would be best consulted by the intro- 
 duction of emigrants in jamilus, having within themselves a sufficient 
 uumber of adults, or of boys able to work, to enable them to dispense, 
 ibr a time at least, with extraneous assistance. 
 
 My service© have been hitherto voluntary, and will eventually be 
 placed at the disposal of the Association for a reasonable remuneration , 
 to carry out their plans and take charge of their interests in the Pacific 
 Colonies and in Europe. 
 
 "Writing books on Emigration is a useless labor; they seldom, if ever, 
 come under the eye of those whom they are intended to reach, and in 
 general tend merely to serve the cuds of speculators, who only make 
 use of the emigrant to advance their own personal interests. If any 
 good is to result from an undertaking, which has in view the immigra- 
 tion of a valuable class of settlers, it must be practically taken in hand, 
 and conducted from beginning to cud on some well-defined principle, 
 and with reliable datUf so as to leave no room for doubt or deception. 
 
 Ottawa, Canada, January, 1867. 
 
 31. F. KLAUCKE. 
 
 
 
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 lich ctnnot 
 [wages, they 
 
 over to the 
 |reforc, both 
 3y the intro- 
 
 a sufficient 
 Ito (lispeDse, 
 
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 muneratioDi 
 
 the Pacific 
 
 loin, if ever, 
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 only make 
 
 sts. If any 
 
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 [Since this Pamphlet wtis ia type, the followios article, which appeared ia 
 Ihe " Examiner^" of New Westminster (British Columbia), of 27lh NoTcmben 
 1866, has reached me ; and the information it contains, concerning the last year'* 
 crop in the Colony, so thoroughly establishes the reliability of my own estimatei 
 in the foregoing remarks, that I have thought it advisable to insert it here.— 
 
 M. P. K.] .;■ — ' ■ . , ■- , ■'■'■■ 
 
 AGRICULTURAL. 
 
 Bencroft Library 
 
 The progress that has been made during the last year in Agricnlturo 
 in this Colony, more especially in the upper country, so far away from 
 the ordinary depots of supply, though it may narrow to a great extent 
 the channels of the commercial stream below, is, ne?ertheless — ^in view 
 of the great benefits conferred upon the best interests of the Colony at 
 large — matter uf congratulation to all. It is equally gratifying to look 
 forward. There will be no lessening of the labors of those who have in 
 the past year devoted their energies to the healthy and — as it has been 
 demonstrated — very profitable occupation of cultivating the soil in this 
 Colony. More land is being taken up for this purpose by men who have 
 witnessed its advantages, the number of settlers thereby gradually 
 increasing. And greater efforts — consequent upon the profits realised— 
 will be displayed by the pioneer tillers of the soil in their next year's 
 •cultivation. So we have been informed by a gentleman who has visited 
 Ihe agricultural districts in the upper country. It has been too much 
 the fashion to look with indifference upon agriculture ns a source of 
 "(vealth in this Colony ; but the great results from email means that have 
 recently been attained have begun to dispel the unfavorable impressions 
 of former years, and a more general desire to settle is rapidly manifesting 
 itself. Messrs. Colbraith & Co., whose ranch is situate a short distance 
 below Soda Creek, have, during the past year, we learn, reared as much 
 grain as will nett, they expect, the handsome sum of S8,()00. The price 
 tbey are paid is five cents per pound. Mr. Bates has a threshing machine 
 which finds employment in the district at the rate of a half '"<>nt per 
 pound, and is of great advantage to the grain growers. The fcc^adity 
 of swine at the Creek is shewn by the fact that, from a stock of about 
 twenty-five, Mr. Hawkes has realized $3,000 this year. They are driven 
 to Quenellemouth, and command twenty-five cents per pound on foot. 
 It is estimated that within a radius of twelve miles from Williams' Lake, 
 300,000 pounds of cereals have been grown. We shall refer to this 
 subject again. 
 
 
 
 
 
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 IT 
 
 APPEN DIX. 
 
 ' V ;. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Correspondence with the Government of British, Columbia f in reference 
 to the proposed scJieme of Colonisaiion. 
 
 (Copt.) 
 
 Victoria, V. L, 25th July, 1866. 
 
 Sir, — Last year, shortly after my arrival in this country, and the day 
 after the departure of His Excellency the Governor of British Columbia, 
 I had the honor, with that gentleman's introduction, to submit my 
 "Emigration Plan" to your consideration. The Governor fully ap 
 proved of its character and intent, but on the eve of his departure, did 
 not feel himself competent to take immediate steps for its accomplish- 
 ment by the Free Grant of twenty thousand acres of land, for which I 
 applied, and which were to be located after the Company had been 
 formed in accordance with my plan, a copy of the Prospectus of which 
 I beg leave to enclose (shewing the outlines thereof) ; and as I had sup- 
 plied my young friend, Mr. Samuel Smith, on his departure for London, 
 with introductions in his behalf, to enable him to initiate the first steps 
 for the consummation of said plan, in such a way as to ^ve him an op> 
 portunity eventually to attain a desirable position therein, His Excel- 
 lency the Governor expressed his readiness to receive Mr. Smith in 
 Loudon in order further to confer on the subject, and kindly suggested 
 the expediency of furnishing him with a few lines to serve him for cre- 
 dentials. I am sorry to say that Mr. Smith has neglected to deliver 
 them. My attention has been also attracted towards the views entertained 
 by the Canadian Government regarding the Union of the British North 
 American Possessions, and the consequent improvement and settlement 
 of the Provinces bordering on the Pacific Ocean. I therefore deem it 
 of importance, in the first place, to direct my steps towards Canada, in 
 order to submit my plan to the Government of those Provinces, invite 
 their attention to its substance and purport, and solicit their co-operation 
 in as far as they may find it applicable and convenient to further their 
 purposes. I am desirous, however, not to leave these shores without 
 having obtained, as far as possible, some ground or materia! to place be- 
 fore my future constituents, and I would, therefore, after referring to 
 our personal conversations, and the details and particulars I had the 
 
 
 
 
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 honor to communicate to you regarding my plan, beg leave again to re- 
 quest your support for its promotion, by such concessions as yon may 
 have it in your power and may be willing to grant 
 
 With sincere regard, I am, 
 Sir, 
 Respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 (Signed,) 
 
 M. F. Eladcke. 
 
 Hon. Arthur N. Birch, 
 
 Administrator British Columbia, 
 New Westminster. 
 
 ',••... I -1- 'V 
 
 
 (Copt.) 
 
 Victoria, V. I., Gth August, 1866. 
 
 •Sir, •::.—' ■■"-''■ 
 
 Having had the honor of addressing h letter to the Hon- 
 orable A. N. Birch, Administrator of British Columbia, dated the 25th 
 ultimo, of which I beg leave to enclose the press copy, requesting his 
 support for the promotion of my Plniigration plan, by such concessions 
 as he may have it in his power and may be willing to grant ; and being, 
 by letters received by last mail, induced to leave Victoria by next 
 steamer, about the latter part of this month, while it will be of impor- 
 tance to me to be favored by the Don. 3Ir. Birch with an answer pre- 
 vious to my departure, and as I have been informed of that gentleman's 
 visit to the interior Provinces, I would beg leave to request your kind 
 intervention to bring the object of my solicitude to his notice and kind 
 consideration, at the same time submitting for the Honorable gentle- 
 man's perusal the enclosed copy, stating the points on which the eiecu- 
 cution and success of my plan rest. 
 
 I am. most respectfully, ^ . V - ^- , ; 
 
 '..-^■..:-: - - y t.:-- Sir, ■■■■'■" "' ' 
 
 Your obedient servant, * 
 
 M. F. Klaucke. 
 
 To the Honorable 
 
 Colonial Secretary, 
 
 British Colombia, 
 
 New Westminster. 
 
 
 
 <w i *-" w — i <» yq. . M 4» a 
 

 again to re- 
 I as yon maj 
 
 5:ladcke. 
 
 ust, 1866. 
 
 to the Hod- 
 itcd the 25th 
 equcsting his 
 I coucessioDs 
 ; and being, 
 )ria by next 
 be of impcr- 
 I ansTTcr prc- 
 :. gentleman's 
 ;st joor kind 
 ice and kind 
 »rable gentle- 
 :h the exeen- 
 
 LAUCKE. 
 
 19 
 
 ft ' • • 
 
 Colonial Secbetabt^s OrncE, 
 
 New AVcstminstcr, 22nd August, 18C6. 
 SlB, 
 
 I have received and laid before the officer administering the 
 Government, your letter of the Gth iust., xrith its enclosures, tnd H;« 
 Honor has directed we to infuroi yeu that he has pcmseU your Emigration 
 Scheme, and proposed plan ibr utilizing the waste lands of British 
 Oohimbin, %vith great interest, and cannot fail to see the great advantage 
 ihc Colony uould derive if it were successfully carried out. 
 
 The scarcity of agricultural labor at the present time is much felt in 
 the interior of the Colony, and the Government is only too anxious to 
 further, in every way possible, the promotion of any scheme which may 
 tend to the iutroduet'on of a class of labourers so much required in the 
 country ; but unfortunately the plan proposed by you, of obtaining a free 
 grant of a certain tract of land, cannot be carried out without the previoui 
 sanction of the Secretary of State, as the Imperial insH-uctions prevent 
 the free grant of Public Lands in British Columbia, and His Uonor thinks 
 it advisable, as you are about to visit England, in case you are able to 
 )uature your plan, in order to further the urrangemeut more quickly 
 aud satisfactorily, that you should apply, direct, to the Secret:>ry of 
 .State, and lay your scheme for the introduction of farm labor into the 
 Colonies before him, with a view of securing a promise of a free grant 
 being made in favour of the Coropnny. 
 
 I have the honor to be, 
 r. 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 bir. 
 
 .Mr. M. F. Klaueke, \ 
 
 Victoria, V. L 
 
 H. M. Bali. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 Memorandum siij)plie(l ty Mr. ^Alfred Waddinyton, (jtrojcctor of iht 
 Bute hdtt and QuencUe Mouth Railroad Company,^ in relation to an 
 orerland route from Bute Inlet in British Columbia to HidifaXyKova 
 Scotia. ■:,,'• .;:":', f'V---'' ■'- .. . ■'- 
 
 Reverting to the scheme of an International Railway, the distance 
 by Tete Jaune Pass would be as follows : 
 
 
 
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 From Liverpool to Halifax, say . 
 
 *< Halifax to Quebec by steamer and railroad, 
 Thence to Lake Huroo, " " 
 
 " across Lako Superior by steamer, 
 
 to the head of Lake Wioipeg, by steam and 
 
 railroad, . '• . 
 by steamer on the North Saskatchewan to 
 
 Fort Edmonton, .... 
 up the river and across the plain to the 
 Athabaska, and 30 utiles up that river to 
 
 Jasper's House, 
 
 through the Pass to fete Jaunc Cache on 
 
 the river Fraser .... 
 
 by Steamer to Quenelle mouth, . . . 
 by railroad to the head of Bute Inlet . 
 
 it 
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 2400 miles. 
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 0,200 miles 
 against 8,200 by Panama, or 2,000 less. We should thus have the 
 shortest possible route and the most practicable, through British terri- 
 tory from one ocean to the other, the finest harbours in the world (Hali- 
 fax and Esquimalt), abundance of coal at the termini, and the most 
 direct communication vith all the Eastern world, whilst for the present 
 the vast auriferous deposits of British Columbia would immediately 
 attract the necessary population to settle the country, and furnish suffi- 
 cient traffic to pay handsome dividends on the first portion of the line, 
 till in a few years the whole face of the country would be changed, and 
 communities and cities start into existence as if by magic. 
 
 When we consider the position of Victoria in reference to the main- 
 land, the fertile regions of the Chillwater, Fraser and Saskatchewan 
 rivers, the Red River Settlements and the Canada?, and view it as the 
 terminus of a railroad and steam navigation from Hal: Tax (Nova Scotia), 
 on the Atlantic, and the centre of the trade of the East, one fee),", ye- 
 «]uired to pause and consider the subject in all its bearings, before one 
 can at all appreciate the influence this line of communication (possessing 
 the only safe and approachable harbor between San Francisco and the 
 Russian Territory, and the only practicable break through the Rocky 
 Mountains,) is to exercise on the destinies of the world. With it, who- 
 ever owns Vancouver Island must comuand the trade of the Pacific 
 and the East 
 
 (By the foregoing data, with which my friend Mr. AVaddiogton has 
 iavored me, it will be seen that from Halifax to the head waters of 
 Lake Superior, the intercourse, through the British North American 
 possessions, is already opened, to the estcut of 1730, say 18C0 miles and 
 that for the other 2,000 miles remainiug, there is a aavio-able water 
 communication for steamers, of about 1,200 miles, which leaves about 
 iiOO miles of railroad to be made. In the meantime the route over the 
 
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 plain is perfectly practicable for wat^gons ; all of which, at a compara- 
 lively small expense will constitute a complete overland route— free and 
 open for at least eight months uninterrupted communication in the yoar 
 — and which will suffice for the purpose until the Canadian Trunk Rail- 
 road can bo further extended tuwards the Pacific, so as to avoid all pot- 
 ^ sibility o^ an interruption all the year round. The construction of the 
 ^ railroad will thereafter, both in regard of time and expense be vastly 
 benefited by the communications already existing. — M. F. K.) 
 
 No. 8. 
 
 Letter puhlishfid in tlie *' Daxltf Chronicle " of Victoria ( Vancouver 
 Jsland)f in Januarj/f 1866, in relation to the maintenance of Victoria 
 as a Free Port. 
 
 FBEE PORT UNDER UKION. 
 
 EniTORS Daily Chronicle :— It has not a little surprised me to 
 find in your leading article of the 5th inst., under the head of ** Our 
 Exports and Imports," statements which seem to be at variance with 
 the principle you generally and ably advocate regarding the Free Port 
 of Victoria. You therein first very properly observe, " one of the 
 causes for which the Colony has itself to blame, is the imposition of a 
 per centage on all invoices of imported goods, in violation of the Free 
 Port principles ;" but towards its conclusion you say " Until we are sure 
 of Union it will simply be commercial suicide to put any burdens 00 
 Commerce." The questiou of Union has nothing to do with that of a 
 Free Port. The former is desirable to facilitate and simplify the gen- 
 eral administration of a sister Colony belonging to the same country and 
 government, and to lessen its expenses ; the latter opens for the entire 
 country, whether under united or separate administration, the road for a 
 general commercial intercourse which will prove to be the most effectual 
 means to attract population, to provide employment, and open the 
 channels to wealth. To talk of Union and Free Port in the manner you 
 do in said article, appears to me in the same light as if a moralist would 
 say " You must be honest, except in special cases when you may further 
 judge about it." The meaning, merits and results of " Free Trade " 
 seem to be woefully misjudged in this Colony. The respective docks 
 in London surpass, in the extent of ground they cover, the area of 
 many cities of 100,000 inhabitants, and they constitute the greatest 
 and most legitimate Free Pert in existence ; and to any one well versed 
 in political economy it would not give much trouble to prove this to be 
 
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 -oDc of the principal causes of that great capital's GnprcccdcnteJ rise in 
 population and wealth. As soon as a system of collecting duties is 
 introiluced in Victoria the port is closed as a general emporium of 
 trade; whatever is imported has to be consumed in the country — a 
 system which must drive general commercial establishments, not by 
 choice but by necessity, out of the country. A natural rivalry between 
 Victoria and New Westminster, in reality, does not exist, 'fhese two 
 rising cities by assuming false positions can only injure themselves by 
 rendering their commerce doubtful and untenable. Victoria with 
 Esquimau (which is included in the port of Victoria) is the most acces- 
 sible and proper port for a general commercial emporium in this section. 
 Looking at the map and considering its natural qualifications, nobody 
 will doubt that nature has given it a meaning and a calling which no 
 art or connivance will succeed to change ; but ignorance or other de- 
 plorable causes may hinder it from advancing to its important destiny. 
 New Westminster is admirably situated for a distributing port. If those 
 interested in the welfare of the two Colonies will recognize the real re- 
 lation of both cities and render mutual support in bringing then? to their 
 true position, they will advance their own and the general interests. If 
 New Westminster persists in trying to become the only general com- 
 mercial emporium in the British Pacific, one of these days Burrard, Bute, 
 and who knows how many other more available inlets will enter into 
 cpmpctition and give the world to understand that their's is the seaport. 
 But if New AVestminster, under the auspices of Great Britain, seconds 
 the Free Port in Victoria, for her own interest's sake, her position will 
 from that moment be unassailable as the most available distnhnting port 
 on the mainland; and what more can she expect under Union? Vic- 
 toria would still retain her superiority as a harbour for foreigo trade. 
 New Westminster will become the seat of tht undivided internal trade 
 of British Columbia, and will greatly improve by this policy. No mat- 
 ter what other routes may be opened from tho cocst to the interior, no 
 matter what cities or towns may spring up, the present route by New 
 Westminster must be benefited in proportion to the general increase of 
 population over the vast extent of the Colony of British Columbia. 
 Vancouver Island, with all its capabilities, never can bear any compari- 
 son to British Columbia, nor if it tri'^d couid it curtail its prosperity. 
 New Westminster, hand in hand with Victoria, like sisters "to the manor 
 born," will become the indisputable and only j^ci: of entry on that part 
 of the continent ; there is no occasion, much less neccstity, for any other. 
 All other smaller ports will more conveniently be supplied by coasting 
 traders. lu Europe and other parts of the globe, ships will be on the 
 berth for Victoria and New AVe.stminstcr — .is a matter of course— and 
 cargoes or parts thereof can be cleared for New Westminster, the resi- 
 dent merchants of which need be in no wise dependent on Victoria or 
 under iho necessity of paying commission, profits, or interest to her 
 merchants ; while in Victoria, the commercial world would find a free 
 port convenient; and the cheapest market and exchange for ail their 
 
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 enteJ rise in 
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 emporium of 
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 ilry between 
 These two 
 iciuselves by 
 ictoria with 
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 this section, 
 ions, nobody 
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 rt. If those 
 the real r«- 
 hcn? to their 
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 general com- 
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 ill cntor into 
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 i?'in, seconds 
 position will 
 iihniing port 
 lion ? Vic- 
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 Qtdirna! trade 
 y. No mat- 
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 )ute by New 
 1 increase of 
 
 I Columbia, 
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 to the manor 
 on that part 
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 by coasting 
 
 II be on the 
 course — and 
 tcr, the resi- 
 
 Victoria or 
 :ercst to her 
 d find a free 
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 commodities. A professor, able to prove that Buch a Free Port 
 market in iU immediato neighborhood can be injurious to New 
 Westminster's interests, has not yet been born. Treaties of recipro- 
 city with other States will not affect the question in theory or practico 
 uor hinder the respective interests of both markets from their healthy 
 operation. 1 have letters from San Francisco inquiring for articles 
 wanting in that market, which never would have been vnritten if we had 
 a customs tariff. Such intercourse can never exist if foreign commo- 
 dities have to pay duties on entering here ; it will simply be impossible 
 to extend or retain our commerce if a tariff is imposed. Perhaps it may 
 be urged that the inhabitants of Vancouver Island would escape much 
 of the taxation imposed on the people of the main land by a tariff, and 
 therefore would not pay their share to the government But in reply I 
 may say that the expense of keeping the two systems apart on the 
 Island would be far in excess of the revenue collectable from a tariff. 
 It might pay to separate the Free Ports from the rest of the Island, as 
 the London docks are managed, when Victoria and the Colony, instead 
 of six to eight thou£aud, have a population of hundreds of thousands. 
 To establish a general flourishing trade a perfect free port is indispen- 
 sable, and it will prove one of the most effective means of encouraging 
 a desirable immigration of all classcf of society. When the proper 
 time arrives, measures can be taken to confine the Free Port to Esquimalt 
 or part thereof, by incurring the necessury expenses involved in doing 
 so, taking due care that they will be amply compensated by the duties 
 paid on goods entered for home consumption on the Island, including 
 Victoria city. Until then and for ever it will be to the interest of New 
 Westminster not to be deprived of a free selection of all they require 
 at their very door without paying duties for whai they do not, and the 
 principal importing houses in Victoria will find it to their interest to 
 connect themselves more closely and intimately with New Westminster 
 j^mmercial establishments. Should the inhabitants of British Colum- 
 bia be unwilling to consent to Vancouver Island being so situated as 
 that her people should pay less under an institution which brings pros- 
 perity to all, let a certain tax be imposed to constitute a fair compensa- 
 tion. There would not be found a reasonable individual to grudge it I 
 have frequently heard the argument advanced that " Esquimalt ought 
 to have been selected for the city site," but on closer inspection I believe 
 it will be found that Victoria's present position is by far preft.able, 
 affording a convenient margin for extension, and leaving Esquimau's 
 inevitable destiny, to be developed in due time. There is no occasion, 
 and I have no desire to publish my name, but I request you will not 
 withhold ii from any respectable individual who differs from my views 
 and is willing to convince me of error, or to give me an opportunity in 
 case of any doubt of my argument to prove the convictions formed by 
 experience, my aim being exclusively directed to the promotion, as far 
 as I am able, of the public interest. 
 
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