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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est fiimd d partii- de Tangib supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nomh'j d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent 'a mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■"X. '"^JInTir, I m ' K Ac( 1 T. ] El- -. T. F. WOOD & GO'S. CANADIAN NEWSPAPER DIRECTORY CONTAINING Accurate Lists of all the Newspapers and Periodicals published in the Dominion of Canada and Province of Newfoundland. HI < si T. F. WOOD & CO., PUBLISHERS, No. 162 ST, JAMES STREET, . 1876, Ui\9^ .11, TO THE PUBLIC. In submitting the following Al[)habetical Catalogue of the News- papers of the Dominion, together with the respective circulation of each, and publishers' names, &c., our aim has been to combine in so far as possible, completeness of infonnalion with accuracy of statement and thorough fullness of detail. By a diligent regard to these, generally so well recognized principles, we have endeavored to supply a two-fold desideratum. First : the placing in the hands of the business man and general advertiser a compendium of reference by which he may, readily and at once, select his advertising medium at any point within the Domin- ion, to which he may wish to extend his business ; and, secondly, the removal of some erroneous and, withal, damaging impressions as to tht- circulation of a number of our Canadian newspapers, caused by their incor- rect rating — many of them being placed considerably below their actual circulation — in Newspaper Directories issued from time to time by other parties. To these ends no labour has been spared. Newspaper pub- lishers throughout the several provinces have been communicated with, inquiry regarding their circulation and status made, and their written re- plies, in most cases, received and fyled, and hence, any account of sik h journals found herein, may be considered as the publishers' own. In a few cases, parties indeed, from one cause or other, — perchance an undue delicacy in making known what they deemed their private business,- failed to answer letter of enquiry ; in such few isolated instances, estimates have been collated upon such reliable information as elsewhere was possible, and their rating will be found sufficiently trusthworthy and correct. Ob- stacles will attend first attemps, and in the present compilation, we have, ourselves, been no exception to the rule. That a Directoty of the Press of Canada, should, to be genuine, be the production of Canada, — an essentially native outcome — will at once appear reasonable. And, inasmuch as such a work, however inconsider- able in size at lue commencement, is intended, as in the present case, not to fade out, but to be continued from year to year, in enlarged and more important form, its ethical policy becomes of highest import. Its end and aim should be, to rate ench paper honestly and on its true merits ; not to depreciate and undervalue, as some Directory pi'l-'-'hers before alluded to, in dealing with not a few of our newspapers, have done : in a word, to build up, vitalize, and strengthen, everywhere, the Press as a whole. Finally, to the general business public and all others who may have occasion to use this Directory, we need say little. Compilations of the kind carry with them their own criticism, are their own commenUtor — bespeak at once their own design. We purpose continuing the publica- tion annually, with such periodical corrections and variations as change and increase in our Dominion journalism may suggest to be necessary. That it will receive its meed of approval from the advertising public, we make no doubt, arid if the first Canadian Newspaper Directory yet issued, be found in some proper degree to answer its title and object, we are already in manner compensated. T. F. WOOD & CO. Note.— Our thanks afe due to several gentlemen who have in various ways facilited our work : the " Sketch of Canadian Journalism, &c.," together with the remarks on Confederation which form the opening pages were contributed by Mr. James V. Wright, formerly Editor of the Daily Evening Telegraphy in this city, and will be found sufficiently authentic and interesting. ,| ^11 M OBSERVATIONS ON CANADIAN JOURNALISM. WITH A SKETCH OF ITS RISE AND GROWTH. SRCTION /. The elaborate machinery, wide circulation, and extensive influence of the newspaper-press in the present day, are so uniformly felt, and gener- ally acknowledged, that retlection appears at once superfluous. On both Con- tinents has its presence become a power alike for the government and discipline, as well as a faultless index of the advancement and enlighten ment of the respective peoples. In the United States it is found in its perfect and corapletest vigour, holding conspicuous place among the chief and multifarious mediums of poi)ular education, for which that country maintains so distinguished a precedence. Nor do we find Europe in scarcely any material particular behind. England, with the rest of Great Britain, not to speak of Germany, France, and the neighbouring free coun- tries, has aroused herself within the century to the benefit of a sound and complete newspaper-literature, and pushed forward in the sevc-al de partments with a marvellous — we had almost said magic — potency and speed. Closely following in the van, is our new Dominion of Canada. Brilliant in native intellectual material for the purpose : fertile in subject- matter for whatever may legitimately occupy the pen of journalism ; strong in sense of right and justice in all that pertains to her true liberties ; rich in resources, and broad in acres, she has already won for herself a name in the field of newspaper, and even less ephemeral literature, to be emula- ted if not envied. These are facts needing only to be investigated to be apparent. Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, comprising in aggregate, a population of four millions, with a total area of slightly over three hundred and seven thousand square miles — lead the way. Prince Edward's Island, Manitoba and British Colnmbia — infant provinces, the two latter, but no less containing the nucleus of a powerful press, follow anon in the wake. Newfoundland, as yet not a part of our Dominion, has from eariy time in her history, had her press, and we shall, for the purposes now in hand, speak of her as one of the Dominion. The status then, of our press throughout these provinces as a wnole, calls for a cursory glance ; and, in submitting this the first Canadian Newspaper Directory yet at- tempted, a few remarks on the rise and present condition of our news- papers generally, may not be deemed out of place. I m m 6 T In no part of the world has journalism attained lo a tithe of the growth and influence that it has in the United States. Our republican friends have indeed acquainted theniselves to the fullest extent with its capabilities for good or evil, and, with an energetic appreciation of its benefits at once characteristic, have in a manner made it their idol. We refer more especially to the metropolitan press. By an applieatioii of en- ormous capital and equivalent talent, they have succeeded in elevating that section of journa' a within their range, to a very first place, not only as- a furnisher of nev/s and disseminator of opinion, but in a far more im- portant arena, viz.. the education of the masses. A no insignificant (luota of the American people mak^ the newspaper their chief means of general instruction, as well as transient information ; these, too, are among their most intelligent citizens, holding often responsible offices of trust. Nor in this matter of wonder, when we consider the fact that, in the aver- age America! city daily, nearly every subject is intelligently dealt with. Science and art, social and })olitical economy, together with the thousand other topics pertaining to a round of popular education, have each their writer in the editorial staff; each is handled by men of tried erudition and capacity; and each is presented to the less tutored reader, in a plain matter-of-fact style and phrase, devoid of technicalities, that might in vain be sought for in the ponderous volumes, and learned disquisitions whence they are gleaned. And this is well. Life, in this age of rapid movement and fierce commercial couibat generally ; is too short for physically work- ing humanity to sound all depths of learning, whether it be of art, politics, or aught else. The daily paper furnishes the substance and the kernel which is all that is required. We have touched thus long on a point that may seem irrelevant, not from any peculiai predilictions for American journalism over our own, but that our own may imitate it in all such as may be esteemed essent'al and deserving. To educate, as well as amuse and merely inform, should be the aim of oui metropolitan news- papers especially ; and with the growing thirst for knowledge among the masses, such, if not already, will soon be absolutely demanded. Journalism was never in a condition more prosperous throughout Canada and the Dominion at large than at present. Proportional to our population and extent of settled territory, it has few or no compeei-s. The m mber and quality of the papers published, if records are an aathoritv, ar3 vastly in advance of those in the United States, at a time when tiiC two populations were equal. No people appreciate a free press as a whole more completely than do the people of Canada ; yet, that appreciation, it may be said with truth, has ever been guided by an ear and eye to the morality of that press. Hence, it has long been proverbial that no press stands higher when consulted by strangers abroad as an authority for facts, than does that of Canada. Sensational writing is uniformly frowned down ; those few papers that from time to time started making such their speciality, having either succumbed financially or fallen speedily into the ordinary and more respectable channel. As in all countries the news- paper in Canada is a reflex of the several races, governed by their idiosyn- cracies, and bearing the impress of their habits and idiom of language. The Ontario newspaper differs as widely in tone and gen'^ral personnel from that of Quebec province as either differs from that of France or Hindostan. The papers of Nova Scotia and the other Maritime provin- ces are again broadly dissimilar from those nearer home. The difference may be traced to the religion, politics and divers modes of subsistance obtaining among the several peoples. The journalist, however, in each section is governed by a kindred principle, namely, the betterment of the community among whom he works. Each has his pet scheme, political doctrine or religious bias ; each clings with tenacity to his party ; but each, ii wih generally be found, has a sincere honesty for his basis, and en- deavours when occasion demands, so far as appears possible, to uphold the true interests of the community at large with which he is identified. Canadian journalism found its first foothold in Quebec provice, to which section, inasmuch as it was ti.e first to feel the genial hand of civili- zation, we are indebted for the founding of nearly all our most valuable institutions. The condition of the press here, however, has always been peculiar. Differing widely in taste and sentiment from their Teutonic brethren, the French population have stamped that difference in nothing more indelibly than in that of their newspapers. Few care to discuss the politics of the day, save such leading French dailies as are found in Mon- treal, Quebec, and a few leading towns. Polite in idea and manner, and enthusiastic in religion, the French-Canadian vindicates these, his national characteristics, in the tone of his journal. Poetry, polite essays, and re- ligious topics, form the " general make-up " of its columns. Among the English papers, broader principles obtain. Politics are frequently han- dled with vigour and acumen by even the most back-woods weekly ; while the Montreal and Quebec city dailies are written in a stvle, and discuss . ery topic of the day with an ability unsurpassed anywhere in the world_ The same may apply to the French papers of those cities. The diver- gency of races and language has operated not a little against the success of journalism in Quebec province, the circulation in either tongue being muc!" retarded thereby, a fact by no means encouraging to the talented men generally to be found at their head. With the increase, however, of British settlement, matters will undoubtedly right theL\selves, as the in- creased influence and circulation of the English press cf Montreal, since confederation, sufficiently proves. ' tips •: i' 1 8 Next to Quebec, the Maritime Provinces may claim credit for building up and perpetuating journalism. Nova Scotia had a paper in 1769, and New Brunswick and Newfoundland each possessed newspapers as far back as 1800. None of these, however, have survived to the present. The newspapers of St. John, Halifax, and Frederickton, have always been well edited, are at present numerous, and have substantial circulation. Their press, anterior to confederation, was conducted on no specially broad prin- ciples, trade, shipping and agriculture, entirely occupying its columns. Con- federation, however, has given the press of these provinces, in common with all other and kindred institutions, an impetus wholly unlocked for ; im- portant social and political discussions, and schemes of financial economy that may hasten our national perfecting and consolidation now uniformly grace its pages; while the general make-up and style is quite equal to that of its confreres anywhere in the Dominion. Ontario is the journalist's harvest-field. There, the newspaper is racy of the soil and there the intelligent editor finds his surest reward. A free- dom of social and political discussion, an elasticity in general sentiment, i\nd a trenchancy of debate genc'aily, quite unknown in the sister provinces, renders his task at least brilliant if not directly agreeable ; while the stronger tendencies of the people for newspaper literature, stimulates his circulation and augments his coffers. The progress of the press in Ontario has been something unprecedented. Statistics have been published which show that the daily and weekly circulation of the papers in Toronto alone in 1870, ex- ceeded that of the entire United Kingdom of Great Britain in »32o, if we except the London Times in the enumeration. The lise of journalism in the " garden of Canada," as Ontario has been aptly termed, would fill a chapter beyond our limits. Thrift and industry are the watchwords of its people ; and public schools being established on a basis of liberality known only in the United States and Prussia, education is everywhere spread broad-cast and the daily and weekly paper finds a welcome in every home ; the people think for themselves, read for themselves, and, in all things essential, act for themselves, and a knowledge of the local and general politics of the country is known to every child from the cradle. SECTION II. First Newspapers in Canada. The first newspaper in Canada, the Quebec Gazette, was founded in 1764. It was in existence to within a year ago — the aged parent and ack- nowledged patriarch of the press of British America. The second was the Halifax Weekly Recorder, started in 1769, by 9 m one Anthony Henry, and edited by Capt. Buckley, It has long ceased to exist. Next in order is the Montreal Gazette, established by one Mesplets from Philadelphia, in 1778, and originally printed in French and English. It may be curious here to note, as illustrative of the mutations incident to time and circumstance, that this paper, chiefly known through the greater portion of its career for an unbending advocacy of Conservatism and Monarchy in their most pronounced phases, is indebted for its origin and birth to an American revolutionist, an American annexation movement, and, an American invasion of Canada. Mesplets, a practical printer, came into Montreal as an attach^ of a Deputation sent hither from the Philadelphia Congress directed to follow in the wake of Mont- gomery's Army, which occupied the city in 1775. The object of the De- putation was to endeavour to estrange the Canadians from their allegiance, and by specious overtures, lure them to a peaceful declaration for the Gov- ernment of the United States. Dr. Benjamin I'ranklin, one of the Deputa- tion, and than whom none knew 'setter the uses of the Press in such an emergency, suggested the bringing with them the complete plant of a printing-ofiice, and, by manifestoes, circulars, and such- like, to spread broad- cast among the inhabitants the objects of their mission and the beauties of annexation in particular. The experiment, Mesplets doing the mechanical work, was tried, and it is needless to say, vailed signally, the Deputation returned home ; the printer alluded to, however, remaining in Montreal, where he continued the office, erected in what is now known as ''Custom House Square," and a short time subsequently put forth an c:ight-column weekly sheet called the (iAZETTE ; the journal in embryo we have to day. It was long the only paper in the province, next to its namesake of Quebec. The history of these two papers as may be easily inferred, is replete with interest, they having been pioneers in the field of provincial journalism, and surviving every vicissitude of fortune that falls inevitably to the lot of all who would mould and lead public opinion. Both journals have passed through many ownerships since establish- ment, and represented from time to time, especially the Quebec Gazette, nearly every shade of political and social opinion. The Gazette of Mon- treal under the late Robert Abraham, an accomplished writer, first came prominently into public favour. James Moir Ferres and others succeeded, but with varied success until it passed into the management of the late firm of Lowe & Chamberlin. Under their control it became at once the acknow- ledged and energetic organ of the Conservative party in Quebec province, and continues such but with largely increased favour, to the present time. In 1870 the Messrs T. & R. White, formerly of the Hamilton Spectator, assumed possession, changing the shape, and improving the general make S V II i ill ' /I y 10 tip of the paper. Mr. Thomas White, Jr. .is the editor-in-chief, and under him, the Gazette has greatly advanced in circulation and influence ; the vigor, briUiancy, and high tone of its editorials commending it to the res- pectable classes everywhere, while its prompt and accurate news-reports render it of more than ordinary value in that connection geneially. The Gazette is the oldest living paper in the Dominion. Following in the order of dates we turn for the moment to Ontario. In consulting that interesting volume by the Rev. H. Scadding, D.D., en- titled " Toronto of Old" we find the Niagara Consiellation existed in 1799, and was undoubtedly the next paper published in British America after the Montreal Gazette. The York Gazette followed three years later. The Constei i.ATioN continued several years, and was the only paper of general infoin.i.i in in the then wilderness of the west, known as Upper Canada ; it has long ceased to exist. The Halifax Royal Gazette came next in 1801. It was the official organ of the Government and as such continues. The Quebec Mercury follows next in order, and was issued first in 1805, by the late Thomas Gary, father of the present proprietor. The Mercury had long extensive influence in the country previously to the union of Up- per and Lower Canada in 1840 : it is still vigorous. In the early day men- tioned it w^as a compendium of all that pertained to news, politics and de- bate. Copies of the Mercury from the first number bound in volume, are to be found in not a few of our public libraries ; and so curious and valu- able were the early numbers considered that they have been deemed worthy a place in the British Museum, London, where they be seen. * The Quebec Z^ Canadien, founded in 1806, succeeded, and still circu- lates among the French portion of the ancient capital. The St. John's Royal Gazette and Newfoundland Advertiser was esta- blished in 1807 ; and' similar to its namesake of York (Toronto) and Hali- fax, was the Government official organ. It still exists. Ushered into being in 1809 and next in order of establishment, we find the Montreal Herald. This journal founded by a wholesale merchant named Kay, subsequendy in 1824, lapsing into the hands of Mr. Archibald Fergusson, as the organ of the Presbyterian body, and the property still later of a well known citizen named Wier, has, in common with the Mon- treal Gazette, long wielded an important and wide influence, and may be said to have disputed through u protracted career, the palm with the latter papei for public favour. The Herald was long edited by a gentleman of distinguished ability, named Kinnear ; and to his ready and trenchant, but polished pen, may be attributed the high position it attained • See Quebec Mercury 1807. in Mercantile Library, Montreal ' 11 s to in his day, and which, with kindred qualities in his successors, it has never since lost. Mr. Adam Thorn held the management some time previous- ly to Mr. Kinnear, and his ability did conspicuous service to its columns. The paper has long been the organ-in-chief in Quebec province of the English speaking section of the extreme Lib >ral Party, the battles of whom it has fought through good and evil report, with a consistency and firmness that may be said to have won the respect even of opponents. The .Herald is owned by a publishing Company. The Hon. E. Goff Penny, now of our Dominion Senate, and long a partner in the concern, is the chief editor. The Herald editorials are conspicuous for an easy argumentative style in which all shadow of the sensational or fine writing, is rigorously eschewed. Commercial topics in particular, receive from it a diligent oversight which has rendereci its columns in relation thereto a valuable desideratum among merchants. Its discussions generally, are marked by caution and a care- ful regard to the truth of statements before using them ; an element in the paper we need hardly say, which has had its due reward in an increased confidence among readers of all classes, and with it, a proportionably in- creased circulation. Next in order of establishment we have the Kingston, Ont. Chronicle — to which has been added the title oi Neivs — dating 1810. This paper is the oldest that has continued to live in Ontario. It is also the seventh oldest in the Dominion. While its contemporaries one by one have dropped away, the Chronicle and News has stood its ground th'-ough all vicissitude and is still fresh and vigorous. Mr. James Shannon is the present pro- prietor, and his paper has a substantial circulation. The Halifax Acadian Recorder^ founded in 18 13, is the next oldest living journal. We might speak to almost endless length of papers founded at an early period, everywhere from Ontario to Newfoundland, but which ceased almost with their birth. Such recapitulation is unnecessary. We have seen that the Niagara Constellation (1799), was the first after the Montreal Gazette. A short-lived paper, the Canada Guardian, edited by Joseph Wilcox, was published in Toronto in 1807. 'I'he Niagara Spectator follow- ed ill 1 8 19. This was a stirring paper and lived some years. It was edited by one Robert Gourley, a state prisoner incarcerated in Niagara jail. Gourley aired with vehemence, his political wrongs in the Spectator, and was subsequently banished. The next paper was the Colonial Advo- cate, established in Toronto, in -.824, by the political agitator William Lyon Mackenzie. Mackenzie assailed the Tory Government of the day with unsurpassed virulence, and for it, his presses and types were thrown into Toronto Bay, in 1826. He subsequently founded the Message, which dropped, when shortly after he went into banishment, but resumed on his B I 12 I r return. Among other journals established but now forgotten, were the Examiner, British Colonist, Canadian Revitiv, Loyalist, &c., Toronto. Pilot, Advertiser, Telegraph, Transcript, and others of even more early date, Montreal. Three Rivers, Quebec and the Maritime provinces have all had similarly, papers, from time to time of note but such live only in the past. After the Halifax Acadian Recorder, the oldest living paper is the Ha- lifax Chronicle, and with it, the Brock ville (Ont.) Recorder, founded each in 1820. The Chronicle is edited by a gentleman well known in poli- tical circles and a distinguished parliamentarian— the Hon. Charles An- NAND The Brockville Recorder is the second oldest weekly paper in Ontario. It is edited now by Leavitt and Southwcrth. (An evening edition of the Recorder is now in its third year.) The St. Catharines journal stands next, having been establisht i in 1824 ; it has now a daily. La Mitierve, Montreal, follows in order, having been founded in 1826, by the late Hon. Louis M. Mcrin. It stands high as the leading organ of French Conservatism in Quebec province. Its editorials are conspicuous for vigor and point. Mr. Duvernay, the editor, has long been known in the political warfare of parties in the province. Mr. Dansereau is also associated in the conduct of its columns. The Toronto Christian Guardian was established in 1829, and is the next 3 it is a weekly journal in the interest of tne Wesleyan Methodist body, and was long conducted by the founder of the Ontario Common School system, the Rev. Dr. Kdgerton Ryerson ; the Rev. E. H. Dewart is present editor ; the Guardian, after forty-seven years, still preserves its ancient vigor and usefulness. The Woodstock, (N. B.) Carleton Sentinel and Picton (Ont.) Gazette, were the next in 1830, succeeded by the Cobourg (On.) Star in 1831 : the Yarmouth (N. S.) Herald, and the St. Andrews (N. B.) Standard, followed in 1833; the Sherbrooke (Que.) Gazette was also established in this year. The Gazette is among our very best rural journals, being well edited, and -having a wide influence in what is known as the "Eastern Townships ; " Bradford Brothers are the publishers. The Kingston British Whig, established in 1JI34, follows the Gazette, and with it we couple the Belleville /«/^///^(r;/r^/-, founded in the same year. The Whig claims notice as being the first daily pape/ established in Ontario ; and as such has the high honour of being the father of that order of journalism in the west ! Dr. Barker, one of theold(;st setders of Kingston, and well known in Canada political circles, was thi: editor and proprietor down to 187 1 ; it is now conducted by his nephew, Mr. E. J. Barker Pense, and is the Kingston organ of the Refoim party. The Whig ecjitorials are forcible, and the status of the journal first class. 18 The Belleville Inielligencer, also 1834, was long owned by Mr, McKenzie Bowell, sometime grand master of the Ontario Orange Association ; it has latterly become a daily, and is published by a joint- siock company ; 1834 appears to have been a period of newspaper found- ing, as the Prescott Telegraph and I'erth Courier were also started in that year. Proceeding in order, we have the St. John (N. B.) News, established in 1836, and the Halifax Christian Messmgcr in same year. In bringing our review of journalism down thus far, we have preserved the dates of establishment in consecutive order, as near as possible, link by link, from the first in 1764 lO the two last papers named. We will notice now, but in perhaps less order, the papers that remain, to which age, &c. would seem to attach any interest. The Otta^ma Ci'izen was established in 1841, and was long known as " Bell's paper," having been conducted many years by the late Robert Bell, M.P.P. for Carlton County (Ont.) previous to Confederation. The Toronto Globe appears next, and stands first, and i)re-eminently v^ the prince of newspapers in the Dominion. P^stablished in 1844, by the late Peter Brown in conjunction with his son, the present Hon. George Brown, as t. tri-weekly and shortly after as a daily, it has gone on increasing in circulation and political power, until its name has become a synonym of whatever is strong in Canadian journalism. 'J'he Globe, from its inception, has been in the interest of the Reform party of the country ; and has been the means of advancing not a few of that shade of politics to position and preferment, not the least conspicuous of whom may be named the proprietor himself. The name of the Hon. George Brown is so completely ono with that of the Globe, that, to disassociate them, would b: to rend the fabnc. It would be impossible in our space to give even an outline of the career and management of this newspaper, suffice it, that it is immediately controlled by the Globe Publishing Company of which Mr. Brown is Managing Director and principal shareholder. Mr. Gordon Brown, brother of the former, has been for many years one of its chief writers. The Hon. William McDougall, long conspicuous in Canadian politics, and sometime governor of Manitoba, was also for years a principal writer. The Globe is distinguished for keen and forcibly written editorials ; and, what, perhaps, has more than anything else given it its present position — the promptness, fullness, and accuracy of its telegraphic news-reports. No labour, no expense, is spared, when a piece of fresh news is to be obtained. It has iis branch offices in all the principal cities, and telegraphic correspondence in all the towns of the Dominion, also in London, England, cable telegrams from which may almost daily be seen in its columns. With such adjuncts, it is not surprising that the Globe takes the lead of all contempora''ies. With the Reform party, 14 it is needless to say it has ever been the pronounced mouthpiece and oracle ; and to them it is indebted in largest measure for its success. The Montreal Weekly Witness commenced in 1846, passing succes- sively into tri-weekly in 1856 and daily in i860, and we scarcely need say, has attained a high place among our Dominion newspapers. The Witness is essentially a religious-temperance daily, and the conspicuously mora! tone of its columns, coupled with its vigor from its inception in the cause of temperance, has in large degree, secured for it its j)resent position. The Hamilton Spectator established in 1848, by the late Robert R. Smiley, was long the leading conservative paper in Ontario; it is still vigor- ous and has a large circulation ; it is owned by Lawson, McCulloch & Co. The Hamilton Times, London Advertiser, London Herald and London Free Press, Toronto Leader, Brantford Courier, and a long list of minor papers, daily and weekly, were established between 1848 and the succeeding decade. The papers named, are first-class in their kind, and comprise some of the best enterprise and talent to be found in the Dominion. We append a few words upon one or two daily papers of quite recent date, that have taken, both in influence and circulation, a leading stand in their respective localities, in common with their contemporaries already mentioned. The St. John, N. B. Daily Telegraph, established in 1865, deserves special mention, not less for its sound political and commercial standing than for the high literary character it has maintained since its incep- tion. Mr. William Elder, a gendeman Of distinguished culture, has long been its chief editor and proprietor. The yionixaaX Evening Star was estabUshed in 1869, and claims atten- tion for the independent stand it has taken since its establishment. On all matters, social or political, the Star has exhibited an energy of discussion and a freedom of opinion at once commendable. The paper was establish- ed by Messrs Marshall & Co., but almost immediately after was purchased by Mr. Hugh Graham, a young man nearly connected with the late E. H. Parsons of the old Evening Telegraph, a writer sufticiently known in his day. After long connection with the financial department of the Telegraph, and subsequently of the Gazette, Graham entered upon his enterprise of build- ing up the Star. How well he has succeeded, the paper to-day tells ; for, after much struggle, small beginnings and fiercest rivalry, it stands forth at once the equal of any evening journal in the Dominion. This is attested by its circulation, which has so largely increased within the past two years. The Star is pinted on a "Prestonian" press, capable of turning oft" ten thousand copies per hour. The paper, from the first, has commended itself to the masses by the curt matter-of-fact style of its editorials, and the vigor with which it advocates the interests of the working-man. In a word, the 16 Star is one of a class of journals to be found in every large metropolis, and to the well-being of which, its presence is sufficiently essential. The Toronto Mail, established in 1870, is the second most extensive / journal in point of size, circulation and influence in Ontario. Like its rival the Globe, it expends large .sums in obtaining latest news. It has agencies in Montreal, and some other principal cities, and the telegrams and general reports found in its columns, are marked by promptitude and accuracy. The Mail is the organ of the Conservative Party in Ontario ; and perliaps on no journal can a greater amount of editorial talent be found. It has a substantial circuK .ion throughout the Dominion, and its influence is daily and deservedly on the increase. It is printed by a company, of which T. C. Patterson is manager ; this gentleman is also editor-in chief. We close this sketch by briefly remarking on the strides assumed by journalism in Canada within the last ten years. Statistical figures might be adduced to exhibit what those strides, at once so substantial in themselves, have actually been ; such, however, we believe unnecessary j facts are patent enough to every observer. The increase in immigration, the opening up of railway communication, the extension and perfecting of telegraphy, and, more than all, the completeness and efficiency of our school-systems throughout the Dominion, have worked changes not to be mistaken. Every city has its round of dailies — every village and hamlet^ its one to three weeklies. These are the sure indices of our national progress and enlightenment ; the unerring registers that mark our advance- ment as a people now, and shall continue to do so in the future. What the next twenty years may effect, it is not for us to predict. That our law-makers may work for the good of the people and facilitate the press, by the lowes*- possible postage laws, &c. is what all must desire. \ -1V A GLANCE AT THE CONDITION OF THE DOMINION SINCE CONFEDERATION. While journalism, as we have seen, indicates so substantial and gratifying a growth, evidencing as its does, the growth and advancement of ourselves as a nationality, we are led involuntarily to a passing glance at those other signs of progress everywhere apparent around us, and which are fast rendering our Dominion the admiration of the stranger, no less than the home each year of the thousands from foreign lands in search of wealth, social independence, and such thousand other icquirements as conduce to the well-being and happiness of a free people. That Confederation, after a full and, now fair and substantial trial, has fulfilled the objects of its inception and the designs of its originators, few will deny. This is seen at once, if other evidence were wanting, in the statistics of the accumulated wealth of the country, and the increase in the volume of its trade. From officinl figures published in 1874, it appeared that the trade transactions of the Dominion for the fiscal year named amounted to $217,255,772; while the returns for 1867 8— the first year of the Union — were only $129,553,194 ; increase $87,702,578. The following table shewing the ratio of increase in Dominion com- merce each year from that of Confederation to 1874, will be sufficient for our purpose and render the foregoing more complete : — ft ^AAVAVrJ, ■,■ ftk« AV^B ^^V.'ftft-l Year 1867-8 $129,553,194 1869 127,876,951 1870 144,811,093 1871 l6l,I2I,IOO 1872 190,348,779 1873 211,304,516 1874 217,255,772 Again : the amount of Banking capital in a country is an unerring index of its stability and progress. This is especially so when the Bank deposits are of permanent character, on whirh interest is paid. We give the subjoined comparative statement; which, referring as it only does, to the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, may yet be taken in illustration of the progress in this particular department of the sister provinces generally. f ' \\ r 17 The table is official ; and exhibits the paid-up capital, deposits at call, deposits requiring notice, and the note circulation of the Quebec and Ontario Provinces, on May 31st, 1867, and September 30th, 1874 : May 31, '67. Sept. 30, '74. Increase. Cipital piid-up $29,340,863 $56,936,418 $27,559,555 Deposits at call 14,256,764 40,183,880 25,927,116 Deposits requiring notice 13,984,580 35.223,967 21,238,387 Note circulation 8,444,787 35,912,212 17,467,425 The above indicates a growth in capital, the rapidity of -.vhich will perhaps in vain be looked for in any other country; especially when we remember that besides the seventy-five millions odd dollars deposits in 1874, there were over twenty millions more deposited in Government, Post Office, and other Savings Bnnks, not to speak of other large amounts in building and Loan Societies of which figures here are needless. The receipts of the country since Confederation are another criterion of its progress. The following is a verified statement of our receipts for the six fiscal years preceding June 30th, 1873 : Cutitoms Excise Po8t-0ffice,includin()t0ccan Postage and Money Orders Public Works, including Railways Bill Ktiinips Miscellaneous Totals. 1867-68. 1808-69. 8,578,580 3.002,588 09 8,272,81)V£S I MINSTER ; Mainland (iiiardian ; Semi-weekly, Wednesdays and Saturdays; four pages; size 24x32; subscription $7.50; established 1869; J. K. Suter, editor and publisher; circulation 500, ostimated. VICTORIA British Colonist; every morning except Sunday, and Weekly, Wednesdays ; four pages ; size — daily 23x32, weekly 28x43 ; subscription — daily $10.00, weekly $5.00; established 1859; D. W. Higgins, editor and publisher ; circulation — daily 450, weekly 840, estimated. VICTORIA Standard ; every morning except Sunday, and Weekly, Wednesdays; daily, four pages, weekly, eight pages; size— daily 23x32, weekly, 32x46; subscription— daily *10.00, weekly $5.00; established 1870; A.DeCosnios, editor; T. H. Long & Co., publishers; circulation — daily 600, weekly 800, estimated. MANITOBA. ST. BONIFACE, Le Metis ; Saturdays; French; four pages; size 18x24; subscription $2.50 ; established 1871 ; N. D. Gagnier, editor and publisher; circulation, 500, estimated. WINNIPEG, Nor Wester; every evening except Sunday, and Weekly, Mondays; four pages; size — daily 18x24, weekly 24x36; subscription — daily $12.00; weekly $2.00; established 1874; A. J. Belch, managing editor. Nor Wester Printing and Publishing Company, publishers; E. L. Barber, business manager. WINNIPEG, Manitoba Free Press; Saturdays; eight pages; size 28x44; subscription $1.50; established 1874; W. F. Luxton, editor; Kenny «& Luxton, publishers. WINNIPEG, Manitoba Gazette ; Wednesdays ; four pages ; size — 24x36 ; subs- cription $2.00; established 1872; Brokorski & Carruthers, editors and publishers ; circulation 750, estimated. WINNIPEG, Standard ; Saturdays ; four pages ; size 27x42 ; subscription $3.00 • established 1870; Coldwell & Cunningham, editors and publishers ; circu- lation 750. r 20 T. F. WoooD & Go's NEW BRUNSWICK. CHATHAM Northern Herald ; Semi-weekly, Mondays and Tuesdays j four pages; size 21x28; subscription $2.00; established 1875; M, A. Tracy, editor and piiblinlier; circulation 820. CHATHAM, St. Lawn-nce Advance; Fridays; four pages; size 27x39; subs- cription $1.50 ; established 1874; D. G. Smith, editor and publisher ; cir- culation 600. FREDERICTOX Colonial Farmer; Mondays; fo\ir pages; size [28x41 ; subs- cription $1 .50; established 1863; Lugrin & Son, editors and puplishers ; circulation 2,700. FREHERICTOX, New Brnnswick Reporter ; Weekly, Wednesdays : four pages; size 25x36; subscription $2.00; established 1844; T. H. Hogg, editor and proprietor; circulation 1,000 MONCTON TIMFS ; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 27x39 ;'8ub8cription $1.00; established 1868; H. T. Stevens, editor and publisher; circulation 1,500 (•) Moncton in the centre of the Railway system jaf the Maritime Provinces, and is a rapidly grovnng town. NEWCASTLE, Union Advocate; Wednesdays ;" four pages; size 24x39; subs- cription $1.00; established 1867; W. «fe J. AueIow, editors and publishers ; circulation 1,440 SACKVILLE Borderer; Thursdays; four pages; size 24x36; subscription |1. 00: established 1875 ; J. Alonzo Bowes, editor and publisher ; circulation 1,200. SACKVILLE, Chignecto Post ; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscription $1 00; established 1870; W. C. Milner, editor and publisher; circulation 960. SACKVILLE, Enrhetorian Argosy ; Monthly ; twelve pages, size of page 9x12; subscription 50c.; established 1875; W. R. Knight, editor; Eurhetorian Society of Mt. Alliston Wesleyian College, publishers, issued during the college year. ST. ANDKEWS Standard; Wednesdays; four pages; size 22x32; subscription $2.50 ; estabLdhed 1833 ; A. W. Smith, editor and publisher ; circulation 600. ST. JOHN Globe ; every evening except Sunday, and Weekly, Wednesdays, four pages; size 27x40; subscription— daily $5 00, weakly $1.00; established daily IPj^, weekly 1860; John W. Ellis & Christopher Armstrong, editors and publishers ; circulation — daily 2,200, weekly 1,600, estimated. ST. JOHN News ; every morning except Sunday ; Tri-weekly, Mondays, Wed- nesdays and Fridays, and Weekly, Wednesdays; four pages; size 27x41 ; subscription— dailv $5.00, Tri-weekly $2.50, weekly $1.00: established 1839 ; Edward Willis, editor, Willi,^ & Mott, publishers ; circulation — daily 3,900, tri-weekly 700, weekly 4,500, estimated. ST. JOHN Telegraph ; every morning except Sunday, and Weekly, Wednes- days ; four pages; size 28x41; subscription— daily $5.00, weekly $1.00; ~~ established 1865 ; Wm. Elder, editor and publisher ; circulation — dr.ily 4,400, weekly 8,250. (*) Whero italic matter follows the deaoription of a publication, itisbyorderof thepubiishtr »nd is paid for a» advertisement. < ; Wtd esdays; four pagep ; size 2.3x32 ; subscription $1.50 ; established 1867 ; Henry Fisher, editor and publisher; circulation 950. ANTIGONISH Casket ; Thursdays; four pages ; size 22x32 ; subscription $1 50; established 1852 ; Angus Boyd, editor and publisher ; circulation 800, estimated. BERWICK Star ; Thursdays ; four pages; size 24x36; p .--cription $1.00! established 1866; James A. Halliday, editor and puulisher; circulatioD 1,000. BRIDGETOWN Monitor ; Wednesdays ; four yages ; size 24x34 ; subscription $1.50 ; established 1873 ; Sancton & I'iper, editors and publishers ; cir- culation 700. HALIFAX Acadian Recorder; every evening except Sunday, and Tri-weelily, Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays; four pages; size 26x37 ; subscription —daily $5.00, Tri-weekly $2.50 ; established 1813; Blackadder Broth's., editors and publishers ; circulation — daily 1,900, tri-weekly 900. HALIFAX Clironicle ; every morning except Sunday, TrI-weekly, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, and Nova Scotian ; Mondays, daily and tri- weekly, four pages, we?kly, eight pages ; size 27x40 ; subscription — daily $5.00, tri-weekly $2 50, weekly $1.(0 ; established—daily 1865, weekly 1820 ; Charles Annand, editor and proprietor ; circulation — daily 3,000, tri-weekly 2,600, weekly 2,000, estimated. HALIFAX Evening Express ; every morning except Sunday, and Tri-weekly, Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays ; four pages ; size 27x42 ; subscription —daily $5.00, tri weekly $2.50 ; established 1862; Compton & Co., editors and proprietors ; circulation — daily 800, tri-weekly 1,050, estimated. HALIFAX Morning Herald ; every morning except Sunday, Tri-weekly, Tues- days, Thursdays and Saturdays, and Weekly, Wednesdays ; four pages ; size 25x37 ; subscription — daily $5.00, tri-weekly $2.-50, weekly $1.00 ' established 1875 ; Herald Printing and Publishiug Co., editors and proprietors. HALIFAX Reporter and Times ; every evening except Sunday, and Tri-weekly, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays; four pages; size 24x36; subscription —daily $5.00, tri-weekly $3.00; established 1860 ; Joseph C. Crosskill editor and publisher ; circulation— daily 2,000, tri-weekly 1,500, estimated. HALIF.\X Citizen ; Tri-weekly, Tuesdays, Thurrdays and Saturdays, and Weekly, Saturdays ; tri-weekly, four pages ; weekly, eight pages ; size 29x41 ; subscription — tri-weekly $2.50, weekly $1.C0; established 1863; Citizen Publishing Co., editors and publishers ; circulation — tri-weekly 2,100, weekly 6,400. HALIFAX Christian Messenger ; Wednesdays ; Baptist ; eight pages ; size ■"" 26x38 ; subscription $2.00 ; established 1838 ; Stephen Selden, editor and publisher; clrculatios 2 500. 4 !)• \ Canadian Newspaper Directory. 23 .\<>VA SCOTIA. •'» !)• r HALIFAX Mayflower ; Saturdays; Literary; eiglit pages; size 25x37 ; subscrip- tion $1 00 ; established 1871 ; F. H. Baker, editor and publisher ; circu- lation 3,000. HALIFAX JVova Scolian ; (see Morning Chronicle.) HALIFAX Prcsbytorlan AYltlcss; Saturdays; Presbyterian ; eight pages ; size 27x39 ; subscription f'i 00 ; established 1848 ; James Barnes, editor and publisher; circulation 1,700. HALIFAX I'rovincinl Wcsleysn ; Saturdays ; Methodist ; four pages ; size 26x38 ; subscription $2.00 ; established 1836 ; Rev. A. W. Nicholson, editor and publisher ; circulation 3,.5G0. HALIFAX Royal (jiazette; Wednesdays; eight pages ; size 20x24 ; subscription $3.00 ; estiiblii^hed I80I ; H. W. Blackndder, editor and publi.sher; circula- tion 800; printed at the orfioe of the Acadian Rec/der. HALIFAX Dalhousu^ Gazette; Bi-weekly; twelve pages; size 9x12; subscrip- tion 50 cts.; estpblislied 1868; Students of Dalhousie College, editors and publishers ; circulation 600, estimated; issued during the College year. HALIFAX Journal of Education ; Monthly; sixteen pages; size of page 9x14; subscription $1.00; established 1873; Blackadder Broth's, publishers ; cir- culation 1,600. H.\LIFAX Home and Foreign Record of the Presbyterian Church ; Monthly thirty-two pages, octavo ; James Barnes, publisher ; do not insert advertise ments. HALIFAX Monthly Record of the Church of Scotland ; thirty-two pages, octavo; subscription 60 eta. ; established 1855; Synod Committee, editors and publishers ; W. G. Pender, secretary; circulation 2,500. HMjIFAX, Nova Scotia Journal of Agriculeure ; Monthly ; Agricultural ; eight pages ; size 18x24 ; subscription 50 cts. ; Professor Lawson, editor A. & W. McKinlay, publishers ; circulation 1,000. KENTVILLE, Western Chronicle ; Wednesdays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; sub- scription $1,25; established 1873; King's Co. Publishing Co'y., editors and publishc/s ; J. A. Cogswell, business manager; circulation 750. LIVERPOOL Advertiser ; Thui^days ; four pages ; size 24x34 ; subscription $2.00 ; established 1873 ; G. Thomas Moore, editor, Liverpool Print.og and Publishing Co., publishers ; circulation 950. NEW GLASGOW Eastern Chronicle ; Thursdays ; f?"r pages ; size 20x40 ; sub- scription $1.75 ; established 1840; Robert McConnell, editor and publisher : circulation 1,500. NORTH SYDNEY Herald; Wednesdays; four pages; size 24x36 ; subscription $1.60 ; established 1872 ; A. C. Bertram, editor. North Sydney Printing Co., publishers ; circulation 1,400. PICTOU Colonitil Standard; Thursdays; four pages; size 26x40; subscription $2.00; established 1848; Archibald K. Knight, editor and publisher; circulation 1,300. PORT HAWKESHURY, News of the Week ; Tuesdays ; four pages ; size 22x32 : subscription $1.00; established 1873 ; Logan & Grant, editors and . * publisliers ; circulation 625 ; circulaiion steadily increasing, only paper -; between Antigonish and Sydney, 120 miUii — in the centre, between four A til 24 T. F. Wood & Go's A OVA 8COTIA. Counties without any paper . Port Hawkeshury is the Cape Breton terminus of the Louisbourg Railway now provided by the Government. Coal mines in close proximity . SYDNEY, Cape Breton Times; Mondays; four pages; size 26x38; subscription $2.00 ; established 1872 ; Cape Breton Publishing Co., publishers ; circu- lation 1,220, TKURO Sun ; Wednesdays; four pages ; size 24x36; sub'^cription $1.00 ; estab- lished 1871 ; W. B. Alley, editor and publisher ; circulation 1,200. WINDSOR Mail ; Thursdays; four pages ; size 22x24; subscription $1.50; eslabliahed 1867 ; M. Curry, editor and publisher ; circulation 700. YARMOUTH Herald; Thursdays; four pages; size 26x41 ; subscription $2.00; established 1833 ; Alexander Lawson, editor and publisher ; circulation 2,500. YARMOUTH Tribune ; Wednesdays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscription $1.50; established 1855; R. Huntingdon, editor and publisher ; circulation 1,200, estimated. ^) i» ONTARIO. ALLISTON Star; Thursdays; four pages; size 26x36; subscription $1.00; established 1870 ; W. II. Hender, editor and publisher ; circulation 740. ALMOATE Gazette; Fridays; four pages; size 28x41; subscription $1.00; established 1867; Wm. Tenipleman, Junr., editor and publisher; circu- lation 2,100. AMHKRSTBURG Echo ; Fridays ; four pages ; size 27x40 ; established 1874 ; subscription $1.50; Balfour & Auld, editors and publishers; circulation 900. A.RNPRIOR, Canadian Times; Fridays; four pages; size 24x.36 ; subscription $1.50 ; established 1863 ; M. T. Haldane & Co., editors and publishers ; circulation 600 ; printed at the office of the Times, Aylmer, P. Q. ARNPRIOR Star ; every morning except Sunday ; Weekly, Wednesdays ; four pages, .-size— daily 12x18, weekly 27x40; subscription— daily $2.50, weekly $1.00; established 1874; J. H. Nicholson, editor and publisher ; circulation —daily 300, weekly 800. iRNPRIOR Review ; Fridays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscription $1.00 ; established 1871 ; Nicholson & Cowan, editors and proprietors ; circulation 1,100. ARTHUR Ente-prise ; Thursdays ; eight pages; size 24x36; subscription $1.26; established 1872; W.S. Johnson, editor and publisher; circulation 900. AURORA Banner; Fridays; four pages; size 27x41; subscription $1.00 established 1862 ; Lundy Brothers, editors and publishers; circulation 850. AYLMER Paper; Fridays; eight pages; size 24x36; subscription $1.50; established 1863 ; John C. Paukhurst, editor and publisher ; circulation 900, BARRIE Examiner ; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 28x41 ; subscription $1.00- established 1864 ; B. R. Nicholson, business manager, W. M. Nicholson & Son, publishers ; circulation 1,250. '* Canadian Newspaper Directory. 2« ONTARIO. 00 850. .50 ; ation BAKRIE Northern Advance ; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 28x42 ; subfecription $1.00 ; established 1852; Wesley & King, editors and publishers ; circula- tion l,0.'i2. BELLEYIIXE Intelligencer; every evening except Sunday, and Weekly, Fridays; four pages; size— daily 24x36, weekly 30x45; subscription — daily $5.00, weekly $1.50; established 1834; Intelligencer Printing and Publish- ing Co., editors and publishers, W. A. Shepard, manager; circulation- daily G50, weekly 2,000. BELLEVILLE, Ontario j every evening except Sunday, and Ontario Chronicle ; Fridays ; four pages; size— daily 24x35, weekly 28x46 ; subscription — daily $5.00, weekly $1 50 ; established— daily 1870, weekly 1842 ; Ontario Publishing Company, editors and publishers; tirculation — daily 545, weekly 3,000, estimated. BERLIN Journal; Thursdays; German; fourpage.s; size 27x41 ; subscription $2.00 ; established 1859 ; John Motz, editor, Bettinger & Motz, publishers and proprietors ; circulation 1,625. BERLIN Telegraph; Friday.'* ; four pages; size 26x41 ; subscription $1.50; established 1852 ; Alexander Macpherson, editor and publisher ; circulation 950. BETHANY, Manvers Standard ; Thursdays; four pages; size 24x36 ; subscrip. tion $1.00; established 1872; Alfred E. Hay ter, editor and publisher; circulation 800 ; circulates princi'palhj amongst a very wealthy ait d prospe- rous a~ricuUural class, good adcertising medium. BOBCAYGEON, Independent ; Saturdays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subpcriptio!, $1.00; established 1869; C. E. Stewart, Junr., editor and publisher; circulation 800. BOLTON, British Standard; Fridays; four pages; size 21x28; subscription $1.00; established 1872 ; J. N.Bolton, editor and publisher; circulation 516. BOTHWELL Advance; Fridays; four pages; .'•ize 24x34; established 1872; subscription $1.00; George M. Ewan, editor and publisher; circulation 550; the best local paper with largest circulation in County. BOTHWELL Times ; Thursdays; four pages ; size 24x35 ; subscription $1.00; established 1875; James F. Crate, editor and publisher ; circulation 500, estimated. BOWMANYILLE, Canadian Statesman ; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 27x41 ; subscription $1.00; established 1855 ; W. R. Climie, editor and publisher ; circulation 1,040, estimated. BOWMANYILLE Merchant ; Fridays ; four pages ; size 27x41 ; subscription 75 cts. ; established 1869; Rev. C. Barker, editor and publisher; circulation 1,000 ; printed at the office of the Observer. BOWMANYILLE Observer; Wednesdays; Bible Christian; eight pages; size - - 27x38; subscription $1.50; established 1866; Uev. C. Barker, editor and publisher; circulation 1750. BOWMA-"}YILLE, West Durham News; Fridays; four pages; size 28x40; subs- criptioii $1.50; ec^tabliehed 1875 ; J. A. WilKinsou, editor and proprietor i circulation 960. * r* ' ;, v ; 'I , -r i-^ • • - \v.- ifli. T. F. Wood & Co'a ONTAUIO. BRACEBWIDGE, Free Grant Gazett« J Fridays; four pages; size 26x40; auba- criptioii $1.60; eatablinhed 1872; E. F. Stepheneoii, editor and publisher ; circulation 600, estimated. BEACEBRIDGE, Northern Advocate; Fridays; four pages; size 27x40 ; subs- cription $1.00; established 1869; David Courtney, editor and publisher; circulation 650. BRADFORD, South Sinicoe News J Thursdays; four pages ; size 27x41 ; subs- cription $1.00; established 1866; F. S. Broughton, editor and publisher ; circulatio'^ '75. BRAMPTON, Conservator j Fridays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscription $1 .00 ; established 1874; A. F, Campbell editor, Beyuon & Campbell publishers ; circulation 850. BRAMPTON, Peel Banner ; Thursdays; four pages; size 24x36; subscription $1 GO; established 1867; Alexander Dick, editor and publisher; circulation 900. BRAMPTON Times; Fridays; four pages; size 24x36; subscription $1.00; established 1854; George Tye, editor and proprietor; circulation 1,000, estimated. BRANTFORD Courier ; every evening except Sunday, and Weelily, Fridays ; four pages ; size — daily 23x33, weekly 27x40; subscription — daily $4.00, weekly $1.00; established 1841; Henry Lenmion, editor and proprietor ; circulation — daily 500, weekly 2,000, estimated. BRANTFORD Expositor ; every morning except Sunday, and Weelily, Fridays ; four pages; size— daily 23x3 I, weekly 'J7x4l ; subscription — daily $5.00, weekly $1.50 ; established 1852; W. C. Trimble «fe Co., publishers, ■ W. Watt, Junr , editor; circulation — daily 700, weekly 2,500. BRANTFORD, Brant Union ; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 27x41 ; subscription $1.50; established 1872 ; Josh T. Johnston, editor and publisher; circulation 990. BRANTFORD, Canada Temperance Advocate; Thursdays; four pages; size 24x36; subscription $1.00 ; established 1874- Thomas Webster, editor and publisher. BRANTFORD, Zion Church Pulpit; Monthly ; twenty-four pages ; size of page 6x7 ; subscription $1.00 ; issued from office of Brantford Expositor. BRIGHTON Ensign; Fridays; four pages; size 23x33; subscription $1.00; established 1871 ; Peter Begg, editor and publisher; circulation 768. BROCKVILT-E Recorder; every morning except Sunday, and Weekly, Thurs- days; four pages; size — daily 27x40. weekly 30x45; subscription — daily • $3.00, weekly $1.50; established— daily 1873, weekly 1820 ; Leavitt & Southworth, editors and publishers; circulation— daily 450, weekly 2,000. BROCKVILLE Monitor; Fridays; four pages; size 27x41 ; subscription $1.00; established 1855; McMullea & Co., editors and publishers; circulatioD -^ 1,000, estimated. "r"*^T!: '^'^I^'^^" BRUSSELS Post; Thursdays; four pages; size 27x41; subscription $1.50; established 1873 ; McGillicuddy Brothers, editors and publishers ; circula- tion 860. I Canadian Newspaper Directory. 27 OIVTAKIO. CALEDONIA, Grand River Sachem; Wednesdays; four pages; size 24x86; subscription $1 00 ; established 1856 ; Thomas Messenger, editor and publisher; circulation 900, estimated. CAMPBELLFORD Herald; Tuesdays; four pages; size 24x36 ; subscription $1.25; establip'lied 1873; Vosper Brothers, editors and publishers; circul- ation 700, estimated. CAMINGTON, North Ontario (jleaner; Thursdays; four pages; size 24x36; subscription $1 .00 ; established 1870 ; James Currie, editor and publisher ; circulation 550. CARRLTON PI-AC-', Central Canadian ; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscription $2.00 ; esiablished 1876 ; W. W. Cliff, editor and publisher. CARELTON Place Herald; Wednesdays; four pages; size 26x40; subscription $1.00; established 1850; James Poole, editor and publisher, circulation 3,000. CAYUGA, Haldlmand Advocate; Fridays; four pages; subscription $1.00; establi.'^hed 1867 ; E. C. Campbell, editor and publisher, circulatiou 550, estimattd. CATUGA, Sentinel; Frluavs ; four pages ; size 24x32; subscription $1.00; established 1857; Thomas Messenger, editor and publisher; circulation 620, estimated. CHATH.iM Planet; TrLweekly, Monoays, Wednesdays and Fridays; Weekly, Thursdays; four ages; size — Tri-weekly, 24x36 — Weekly, 26x44; sub- f,cription— Tri-weekly, $3.00; Weekly, $1.50; established 1851; Rufua Stephenson, editor and proprietor ; circuialiou — Tri-weekly, 1,000; Weekly, 2,000, estimated. CHATHAM, Banner; Wednesdays ; four pages; eize 28x42 ; subscription $1.50 ; ertabiished 1865 ; J. R Gemmill, editor and proprietor; circulation, 1,200. CHATHAM, Missionary Messenger ; Semi 'monthly ; Methodist ; four pages ; size 22x32 subscription $1.25; established 1865; Rev. R. R. Disney & A. R. Abbott, M. D., editors, British Methodist Episcopal Church, publishers ; circulation, 1,000. CLINTON, New Era ; Thurdays; four pages; size 24x36; subscription $1.60; established 1865 ; E. Holmes & Son, publishers; E.Holmes, editor; circul- ation 720. COBOURG, Sentinel; Saturdays ; four pages; size 25x38; subscription $1.50; established lb61 ; Daniel McAllister, editor and publisher; circulation 1,008. COBOURG, Star ; Wednesdays ; four pages ; size 27x40 ; subscription $2.00 } established 1831; Floyd & Son, editors and publishers; circulation 700, „ estimated. COBOURG, World ; Fridays ; four pages ; size 27x40 ; subscription $1.00 ; es ab- lished 1^64; Henry Hough, editor and publisher; circulation ItOO, estiniated. COLBORNE Expre8<<; Thursdays; four pages; size 23x33; subscription $1.00j established 1867 ; George Keyes, editor and publisher ; circulation 628. m ! • II S*i T. F. Wood & Co's 01VT4RI0. COLLINGWOOD, Billlefl'i ; Wednesdays; fnnrpafres; size 25x37 ; eubfcrip, on $1.00 ; establiphed 1870 ; D. Rubson, editor and publisher, circulation 744. COLIJNQWOOD, Enlorpiise J Thursdays ; four pages ; size 29x45 ; snb-cription $1.50; establielied 1860 ; J. Hogg, editor and publisher; circulation 700, estimated. COOKSTOWN Advocate; Wednesdays; four padres; size 24x.36; subscription $1 00; e-lablinhed 1874; P. H. Stewart, editor and publiMJier; circulation 600, estimated. COOKSTOWN, Canadian Templar ; four pages ; size 20x28 ; subscription 75c. ; established 1872; P. H. Stewart, editor and publisher. CORNWALL, Gazelte; Saturdays; four pages ; size 28x40 ; subscription $1.00; established 1870 ; George Burden, editor and publisher; circulation 800, estimated. CORNW.\LL, FreehoMer ; Fridays ; four pages ; size 25x36 ; subscription $1.50 ; established 1846 ; A. McLean, editor and publi.«her ; circulation 820. DRAYTON New Era ; Thursdays; four pages; size 24x36 ; subscription ; $1.25 ; established 1875 ; Proctor Brothers, editors and publishers ; circulation 600, estimated. DRESDEN Times} Thui-sdays; eight pages; size 27x41 ; subscription $1.00; established 1872; McSwean & Struthers, editors and publishers ; circula- tion 750. DUND AS Standard ; Wednesdays; four pages; size 27x40; subscription $1.50; established 1874; E. G. Hart & Co., editors and publishers; circulation 800, estimated. DUNDAS, Tme Banner J Thursdays; four pages; size 27x41; subscription $1.60 ; established 1857; James Somerville, editor and publisher, circula- tion 1,400. DUNNVILLE, Gazette; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscription $1.00 ; established 1870 ; Charles E. S. Black, editor and publisher ; circulation 750. . DUNNVILLE, Monk Reform Press; Wednesdays; four pages; size 28x40; subscription $1.00; esiublished 1873; L. J. Wetherby, editor and publish- er ; circulation 960. DURHAM, Chronicle; Thursdays; four pages ; size 27x41 ; subscription $1.50; establishtd 1867; John A. Johnston, editor and publisher; circulation E6ANVILLE Enterprise ; Fridays; four pages; size 24x36; subscription $1.00; established 1875 ; J. M. Simpson, editor and publisher ; circulation 500. ELMIRA, Anzeiger; Thursdays; German; four pages ; size 27x41 ; subscrip- tion $1.50; established 1870; Gebruder Del ion, editor and publisher; ..Llllil — circulation 700. - SiiXi-^, ->.^ ELORA, Lightning Express; Thursdays; four pages; size 27x40; subscription $1.50 ; established 1872 ; Shaw & Townsend editoia and publishers ; circulation 660. Canadian Newspaper Directory. 29 ONIMRIO. ELORA Obwrvor ; Fridays; four pnpes ; size 29x45; subscription $1.60; ePtabliwhed 1858; John Sniitii, publiHlur; uiruulation 900. ELORA) Stindard; Fridays; four pages; size 27x:^9 ; subscription $1.60; established 1874; Stewart & Melrose, editors and publishers; circulation 750. EMBRO) PInnet ; Wednesdays ; four pages; size 2.Sx.33; subscription $1,00; eftabiislied lHG9; U VV. Daw.son, editor and publisiier; circulation 900. EMBRO Review; Wednesdays lour pages; size 22x29; subscription $1.00; established IBu9; Alexander liay, editor and p'.'bhsherj circulation 600, estimated, EXETER, Times; Thursdays; four pages; size 27x41; subscription $1.60; established 1873; White & Sons, editors and publishers; circulation 900. FERGUS News Record; Tliursdays- ; four pages; size 27x40; sut^.ription 5il.25; J. & R. Craig, editors and publishers; circulation 2,100; Liberal in politics, the only paper in J/'ergut, no other within ;^0 miles north or east. FORREST Express; Saturdays; four pages; size 25x36; subscription $1.00; established 1874; James M. Mooie, editor and publisher; circulation 750, estimated. QALT; Dumfries Reformer; Wednesdays; four pages; size 30x45; subscription $i.OO; established 185C ; Mowatt & Co., editors and publishers ; circulation 1,050, estimated. GALT, Reporter; Fridays ; four pages ; size 34x45; sul»*cription $2.00; estab- lished 1847; Jatfray Brothers, editors and publishers; circulation 1,160, estimated. GANaNOQUE Reporter; Saturdays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscription $1.00 ; established 1872; Freeman Britton, editor and publisher; circulation 660. GEORGETOWN, Haltoii rfera'd; Thursdays; four pages; aize 26x40; subscrip- tion $1.00; established 1866 ; T.J. Starret, editor and publisher; circul- ation 750. GLENCOE, Transcript; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscription $1.00; established 1871 ; W. Sutherland, editor and publisher; circulation 600. GODERiCH, Hnron Signal; Wednesdays; four pages; -ize 28x44; subscription $1.60 ; established 1848; Allan & Dickson, editors and publishers; circul- ation 3,009. GODERICH, Star; Fridays; four pages ; size 30x44; subscription $1.50 ; estab- lished 1866 ; A. C. Simmons, editor and publisher; circulation 1,400. GUELPH Herald; every morning except Sunday; Weelily, Wednesdays; four pages; size — daily 22x29; weekly 29x46; subscription — daily $4.00, weekly $1.50; established— daily 1869, weekly 1847; Marsh & Co., editors ' .7Tf and publishers; circulation — daily 6C0, weekly 2,600. GtJELPH Mercury ; every evening except Sunday ; Weekly, Thursdays; daily — four pages ;Weekly eight pages ; size — Daily 22x29,WeekIy 36x48 ; subscrip- tion—daily $4.00, Weekly $1.50; established— daily 1867, Weekly 1854; Innes & Davidson, editors and publishers; circulation— daily 600, Weekly 6,700. I" m Ni 80 T. F. Wood & Cos 0.<%TARIO. HAMILTON Spectator; every evening excef»t Sunday; and Weekly, Wednee- diiys; fuur pii<;eH; size — daily 28x41, weoUly 80x44; Hiiliscription — daily $G.OO, weekly $1 60 ; cHtablislied 184(5; Lawson, McCiillocii & Co., editors and puliliHlier,-*; circulation — daily 8,000, weekly 5,50(1, e-tiniat. 00, Weekly, $ 1 .50 ; CHtabliHlud 1hU5 ; E. J. Harker I'enne, pulilisher; circulation — daily, 800, weekly 1500. KINGSTON, News ; every evening except Sunday, and Chronicle and News, Fridays; tour pages; size — daily 24x;{(), weekly 27x41; subscriptioy — daily $6.00, weekly $l.5(i; established iHiU; James Shannon, editor and publisher; circulation — daily 750, weekly 1500, estimated. LEAMINGTON, Erie Post; ThursdayH ; four pages; size 24x36; subscription $1.50; established 1874; Clias. H. Fox, editor and publisher ; circulation 700. L'ORIGNAL, Advertiser; Wednesdays; four pages; size 25x37; eubscription $1.50; establislnd 1861); Watson Little, editor and publisher; circulation 7:.o. LINDSAY, Canadian Post ; Fridays ; four page.s ; size 28x42 ; subscription $1 .50 ; established 1855 ; Chas. D. liarr, editor and publisher; circulation 1700. LINDSAY, Victoria Warder ; Wednesdays ; four pages ; size 28x42 ; subscrip- tion $1.00; established 1856; James Cooper, editor and proprietor; cir- culation 1,200. LISTOWELIi, Banner ; Tlmrsdays ; four pages ; size 27x40 ; subscription . $1.50 ; established 1866 ; G. S. Davidson, publisher ; circulation 1,400. LONDON, Advertiser ; every evening except Sunday, and Liberal and Western Advertiser ; Fridays ; daily 4 pages, and weekly 8 p ges ; size of daily 28x40, weekly 40x55 ; subscription— daily $6.00, weekly $1.50 ; establish- ed 1862 ; John Cameron & Co., editors and publishers ; circulation — /. yihir daily i5«^ weekly 19,000. LONDON, Evening Herald ; every evening except Sunday, and Weekly, Fri- days ; four pages ; size-daily 26x40, weekly 29x45 ; subscription — daily $6.00, weekly $1.00 ; e.-tablished 1851 ; M. D. Dawson & Co., editors and publishers ; circulation— daily 1,500, weekly 10,000. LONDON, Free Press ; every evening except Sunday, and Weekly, Tiiursdays ; size of daily 28x45, weekly 8 pages ; size 40x55 ; subscription— daily $6.00, weekly $2. 00 ; Josiah Blackbui n, editor ; Free Press PrintiiigCc, publish- ers; circulation — daily 2,700, weekly 11,000. LONDON, Agent's Companion; Monthly; eight pages; size of page 7x10. subscription 25c. ; establisheti 1875 ; Companion Publishing Co., editors and publishers ; circulation 5,000. LONDON, Huron Diocesan and Collegiate Recorder; Monthly; Episcopal; eiglit pages; size 27x41; subscription $1.C^ ; established 1874; Rev. H. R. ,1.. J Darnell, editor and publisher; issued from office of the Free Press. LUCKNOW, Sentinel; Fridays; four pages; size 27x41; subscription $1.50; established 1873 ; David B. Boyd, editor and publisher ; circulation 500. 82 T. F. Wood & Go's 02VTAlilO. MARKIIAN, Economist; ThursdnyB ; four pages ; sizw 27x40; BubBcription $1.5U; eBtublialteii lti5ti; 11. it. CurHuiij editur and proprietor ; circulation 1,300. MARKDAI.E^ ExpoHlt<»r; Friday b; fourpaKPs: size 24x36; BubBcription $1.26; eHtubliHhi'd 1875; Geo. F. Ijlyth, editor and proprietor; circulation GUO, eHtiniated. MEAFORD, Monitor; Soml-weekly, Tuefldftys and Fridayn; four pages; Weekly, eiglit pages; Henii-weiklj,aize 21x28 ; weekly, 29x43 j Hubacription ^ — senii-Hetkiy $2.00, weekly ll.ftO; eHtablisli»d— semi-weekly 1874; weekly 1868; Hugli Wait, editor and publiHher ; circulation — weekly 1)60, CHtiinated. MILLBRUOK Messenger; WedneHdays; four pages; size 24x36; subscription $1.00; establislied 1857; Alfred E. Ilayter, editor and publisher, circulation 960. — Published in 'Ac centre of one of the wealthiest and best settled districts in the Dominion. First class Advertising Medium. Music Book Store in connection with the office. MILTON, Canadian Champion ; Tlmrsdaya four pages; size 27x41 ; subscription $1.00; established 185l>; Wallace & Panton, editors and publishers, circul- ation 1,550. MILTON NEWS; Thursdays; four pages; size 26x40; subscription $1.00; estab- lished 1874; .T H. Burn.-, editor and publisher ; circulation 600, estimated. MINDEN, >EWS; Fridays ; four pages ; hize 25x37 ; subscription $1.00 ; Barney & Co., editors and publishers; i irculalion 600, estimated. MITCHELL Advocate; Fridays; four pages; size 26x40; subscription $1.50; established 1860; W. K. Davis, editor, Davis Bro'8.,f ublishers, circulation 2,350. MOBRISBURGH Courier; Fridays; eight pages; size 28x42; subscription $1.50; established 1862; Hugh C. Kennedy, editor and publisher; circul- ation 1,450. MOBRISBURGH Dnndas Co. Herald; Tliursdays; four pages; size 27x41; subscription $1 ); established 1874; Arthur Brown, editor and publisher; circulation 875. MOUNT FOREST, Confederate; Tuesdays, eight pages; size 27x41 ; subscrip- tion ^U.OO; establibHied 1867; Stovel Bros., editors and publishers; circul- ation 575. MOUST FC^REST Examiner ; Fridays ; four pages ; size 26x40 ; subscriptioa $1.50; established 1860; John McLaren, editor and publisher, circulation 750 estimated. NAPAf«EE, Canada Casket; Fridays ; Temperance; eight pages; size 25x37; subscription $1.00; establised 1870; Rev. Wm. Scott, editor, Henry & Broths, publishers; circulation 4,000. NAPANEE Express; ThursHays; eight pages; size 29x46; subscription $1.60; established 1862; Thomas W. Casey, editor and publisher; circulation 1,000. ' NAPA?;ht pages ; size 28x4;i ; Hul.ficription tl.ftO; eHtahlinhed 1853; Rev. Willimii Suott, editor; Henry «fe Brothn, imhliHlitTH; circuliitinn 1,300. NAPANKE, Herald «f TrogrflsH; Monthly ; eight pages; hIzc 23x30; mi hscrip- tiun 25c.; established 1874; Thomas Lawless, editor and publisher ; cir- culation 1,500. NEWSTAUT Waechtei am Sanjfoon ; Thursdayp; German; four pages; size 2Gx40; 3ubBcription $2.00; estoblished 1H(J8; V. Lang, editorj Lung A' Neirgarth, publishers ; circulation 650. NEWBUROH, Addington Beaver; Fridays; four pages; size 23x.33; subscrip- tion $1.00; established 1870; C. J. Beeman, editor and publisher ; circul- ation 700. NEWBUUdJH, Addington Reporter; Wednesdays; four pages ; size 2fix.36; subscription $1.26 ; Establisiied 1875 ; R. B. Smith, editor; Newburgh Printing Co'y., publishers ; managers, W. J. Pappa & Bros. ; circulation 800. \EW H.iMBUR()l, CanadlscheH Volksblatt ; Wednesdays ; German ; four pages; size 27x41 ; subscription $1.50; established 1854; Pressprichife Ritz, editors and publishers ; circulation 780. XEWMARKKT Courier; Thursdays; four pages; size 24x36; Bubscrii)tion $1.25; established 1867; Geo. H. Fox, editor and publisher; circulation 960. >'EWMA»KET, Era; Fridays; four pages; size 27x40; subscription $1.50; established 1852 ; Erastus Jackson, editor and publisher ; circulation 1,550. NORWICH, Standard ; Fridays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscription $1 .50 ; established 1876 ; H. G. Pilcher, editor and publisher. NORWOOD, Register ;. Thursdays ; four pages; size 23x34; subscription $1.00; estulilished 1871 ; Thos. Burke, editor and publisher ; circulation 460. O.VKVILLE, Argus; Fridays; four pages; size 25x37; subscription $1.00; established 1869 ; Fr J. Brown, editor, McKay & Brown, publishers ; cir- culation 750. OAKVILLE, Express ; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscription $2.00 ; established 1875 ; E. Bailey, editor and publisher; circulation 600, estim- ated. ORANGEVILLE, Advertiser ; Fridays ; four pages ; size 27x41 ; subscription $1.50 ; established 1H68 ; F.Monro, editor and publisher; objects to statin^^ circulation. ORANGEVILIE Sun; Thursdays; four pages ; size 27x40; subscription $1.50 ; established 1860; John Foley, editor and publisher; circulation 1,100, ' :\ estimated. ORILLIA Expositor; 'J'hursdays; four pages; size 27x41; subscription $1.00; established 1867 ; P. Murray, editor and publisher, circulation 850. ORILLIA Packet; Fridays ; four pages ; size 27x41 ; subscription $1.00; estab- lished 1870; Hale Brothers, editors and publishers; circulatioc 955. II 34 T. F. Wood & Co s OSTTARIO. ORILLIA Times; Thursdays; four pages; size 2(5x10; subscription $1.00; estimated 1873 ; Times' Printing and Publishing Company, publishers, D. J. Beaton, editor; circulation 800. OSHAWA, Ontario Reformer; Fridays; four pages; size 27x41; subscription $1.50; established 1871 ; F. W. Glen, publisher, J. F. Tambly, manager; circulation 900. OSHAWA, Vindicator; Wednesdays ; four pages; size 27x41 ; subscription $1.50; established 1858; Luke & Larke, editors and publishers; circulation 975. OTTAWA, Citizen ; every morning except Sunday, and Weelcly, Fridays ; daily, four pages ; weekly, eight pages — size, daily, 26x40, weekly 40x52 ; subscription— daily $6.00, weekly $2.00: established— daily 1864, weekly 1841 ; Citizen Printing and Publishing Company, editors and publishers. OTTAWA, Free Press; every morning except Sunday, and Weeltly, Thursdays; daily tour pages, weekly eight pages; size — daily 25x37, weekly 38x52 ; subscription— daily $6.00, weekly $2.00; established 1869; Chas. W. Mitchell, editor and publisher; circulation — daily 1,800, weekly 2,500. OTTAWA, Times; every morning except Sunday, and Weekly^ Fridays; daily four pages; size 28x42; subscription — daily $6.00, weekly $1.00; estab- lished 1867; McLean, Roger & Co., edi'ors and publishers; circulation — daily 1,800; weekly 2,400. OTTAWA, Le Courrier d'Outaouais; everyday except Sunday, and Weekly, Fridays ; French ; four pages ; size 25x38 ; subscription — daily $5.00, weekly $1.50; established 1869; Gri.9on, O'Donoghue & Co., editors ani publish- ers; circulation, daily, 1200. OTTAWA, Canada Gazette ; Satur'ays ; Government of Canada, publishers ; subscription $4.00; inserts Legal, Parlianventary and Government ad- vertisements only. OTTAWA Standard ; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 27x40 ; sut>scription $2.00 ; established 1875; Alexander Robertson, editor ; Grison, O'Donoghue & Co., publishers ; circulation 2,000. OTTAWA Volunteer Review ; and Military and Xaval Gazette ; Tuesdays ; sixteen pages; quarto; subscription $2.00; established 1867; Dawson Kerr, editor and publisher ; circulation 2,000, estimated. OTTERVILLE Arj^us ; Thursdays; four pages; size 24x36; subscription $1 .00 ; established 1874; W. C. Holland, editor and publisher ; circulation 700. OWEX SOUjVD Advertiser ; Thursdays ; four pages : size 29x45 ; subscviption — 7—- $1.60 ; established 1862 ; James H. Little, editor and pr'"*prietor ; circu- lation 1,100, estimated. ,, , ,; , . . v^ ^ ■ OWE>' SOUND, Comet ; Thurs.lays ; four pages ; tize 30x44 ; stjbscription $1 .50 ; established 1850 ; Owen Van Dusen, editor and publisher ; circu- = lation 1,000. ^ ^ Canadian Newspaper Directory. ONTARIO. 35 OWEN SOUND, Times , Fridays ; four pages ; size 30x45 ; subscription |1.50; established 1853 ; David Creighton, editor and publi. circulatiorj 500, estimated. ' Canadian Newspaper Directory. 37 O^TTARIO. 1 ST. CATHARINES, Jonnial; every evening except Sunday, and Weekly. Thursdays ; four pages ; size — daily 23x31, weekly 28x41 ; subscription — daily $4.00, weekly $1 .00 ; established 1824 ; Montgomery & Cuff, editors and publishers; circulation — daily 1200, weekly 1800. ST. CATHARINES, News; every evening except Sunday, and Weekly, Thurs- days ; four pages ; size — daily 24x36, weekly 27x42 ; subscription — daily $4.00, weekly $1.00; established 1872 * R. Mathieson, editor, Mathieson A Meek, publishers ; circulation — daily 1,100, weekly 1,500. ST. CATHARINES, Times; every evening except Sunday, and Weekly, Fridays ; four pages ; size — daily 24x36, weekly 27x40; subscription — daily $4.00, weekly $1.00; established 1868; P. E. W. Moyer, editor and publisher; circulation — daily 600, weekly 1200, estimated. ST. MARTS, Argus ; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 28x44 ; subscription $1.50 ; established 1857; J. J. Crabbe, editor and publisher; circulation 1,250. ST. THOMAS, Times; Semi-weekly, Tuesdays and Thursdays, and Weekly, Thursdays ; four pages ; size — semi-weekly 25x37, weekly 31x46 ; subscrip- tion—semi-weekly $3.00, weekly $1 .50 ; established 1871 ; J. Wilkinson, editor and publisher; circulation — semi-weekly 1,000, weekly 2,000. ST. THOMAS, Canadian Home Jonrnal; Semi-weekly, Tuesdays and Fridays; eight pages; size 28x40; subscription $1.50; established 1859; A. Mc- Lachlin, editor and publisher ; circulation 3,000. ST. THOMAS Despatch ; Thursdays ; four pages; size 27x41 ; subscription $1.50 ; established 1851; C. Burke & Co., editors and publishers; circulation 1,800. SARNIA, Canadian; Wednesdays; four pages; size 31x48; subscription $1.50; established 1861; Canadian Printing Company, editors and proprietors: circulation 1,500 estimated. SARNIA Observer ; Fridays; four pages ; size 31x47 ; subscription $1 .50 ; est»- blished 1864; J. R. Gemmill & Son, editors and publishers; circulation 1,250, estimated. SAULT STE. MARIE, Algoma Pioneer; Fridays; four pages; size 23x33; aubecription $2.00; established 1876; W. H. Carney, editor and publisher. SAULT STE. MARIE, Northern Light; Thursdays; four pages; size 24x36; subscription $1 .60 ; established 1875 ; M. L. Aldrich, editor and manager: Kelly, Turner & Co., proprietors; circulation 900 estimated. SEAFORTH, Huron Expositor ; Fridays ; eight pages ; size 28x43 ; subscription $1 .50; established 1867; McLean Brothers, editors and proprietors •, circu- lation 2,650 . _ SIMCOE, British Caaadlan; Wednesdays; four pages; size 27x41; subscription $1 .50; established 1861 ; Wm. Wallace, editor and proprietor; circulation 900. SIMCOE, Norfolk Reformer ; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 27x41 ; subscription $1.50; established 1867; W. R. Griffin, publisher; circulation 950. I. ? 38 HP T. F. Wood & Go's ONTARIO. ff'K SMITH'S FALLS, News ; Fridays; four page.s; size 24x36 ; subscription $1.00; established 1875; W. M. Keith, editor and publisher; circulation 800. STRATFORD, Beacon ; Fridays four pages; size 30x45 ; subscription $2.00; established 1857 ; Alexander Mathieson, editor and publisher ; circulation 2,600. STRATFORD, Canadisclier Colonist; Wednesdays; German ; four pages ; size 27x41; subscription $1 .50; established 1863; Schinit & Scherer, editors and publi^her8; circulation 975. STRATFORD, Herald ; Wednesdays ; four pages ; size 28x44 ; subscription $1.50 ; established 18C7 ; James Robb, editor and proprietor ; circulation 2,100, estimated. STRATFORD Times ; Wednesdays; four pages ; size 27x40; subscription $1.00; established 1876 ; H. T. Butler, editor and manager. STRATFORD, Canadian Journal of OddfelloTrship ; Monthly ; thirty-six pages, octavo; subscription $1.50; established 1875; C. T. Campbell, editor ; Oddfellows Printing and Publishing Association, publishers. STRATHROY, Age ; Fridays ; eight pages ; size 28x41 ; subscription f 1 .00 ; established 1867 ; H. McColl, editor and publisher ; circulation 1,100. STRATHROY, Western Despatch ; Fridays ; four pages ; size 28x42 ; sub- scription $1 .50 ; established 1861 ; A. Dingman, editor and publisher ; cir- culation 965, estimated. STRATHROY, Ontario Teacher ; Monthly ; thirty-two pages, octavo ; aub- ecriptiou $1 .25 ; established 1873 ; Ross & McColl, editors and publishers ; circu'ation 1,300. TEESWATER News ; Wednesdays ; four pages ; size 23x33 ; subscription $1 25 ; established 1873 ; Thomas Fairbairn, editor and publisher ; circulation 600. THAMESVILLE Express ; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscription $1.00 ; established 1874 ; B. L. Chipman, editor and publisher ; circula- tion 650. THORNBURY, Union Standard ; Fridays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscrip- tion $1.00 ; established 1873 ; J. Farewell, editor and publisher ; circula- tion 750. ' ^ ^^ :s ■^^*;'-"' n-^?"' ■', THOROLD Post; Fridays; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscription $1.00; esta- blished 1875 ; McCay & Bone, editors and proprietors ; circulation 700, estimated. TILSONBURCr Observer ; Fridays; four pages; size 24x36; subscription $1.00 ; established 1863 ; William 8. Law, editor and publisher ; circulation 880. Only paper 171 this section, Canada Southern, Great Western Air Line and Brantford, Norfolk and Port Burwell Railways in town. Fine Water Powers. Town and Manufactures growing fast. Fine Agricultural and - Lumber country. Farmefrs in good circumstances, and Manufacturers and Merchants prospering. No better field for advertisers. Rates Low. ■ f ! Canadian Newspaper Directory. 39 ONTARIO. ■ r TIVERTON Watclliiian ; Wednesdays ; four pages ; size 23x33 ; subscription $1.00 ; established 1874 ; James Mann, editor and publisher ; circulation 600, estimated. T01{0NT0 Olobe ; every mornin/rj except Sunday, and Weekly, Fridays; daily — four pages, weekly sixteen pages ; size of daily 29x45, weekly, size of page, 13x18 ; subscription — daily $6.0, weekly $2.00 ; established — daily 1844, weekly 1849 ; Hon. George Brown, editor ; The Globe Printing and Publishing Co., publishers; circulation — daily 24,500, weekly SB^SS^ , >^ 7- ^'^^^ estimated. TORONTO Leader ; every morning and evening except Sunday, and Weekly, Fridays ; eight pages ; size — daily 36x49, weekly 36x52 ; subscription — daily, morning edition $5.00, evening edition $2.50, weekly $2.00 ; esta- blished 1853 ; James Beaty, editor and publisher ; circulation — daily 4,000, weekly 5,000, estimated. TORONTO Mail ; every morning and evening except Sunday, and Weekly, Fridays ; four pages ; size — daily 31x45, weekly 32x50; subscription — daily $6.00, weekly $1 .50 ; Mail Printing and Publishing Co., publishers ; T. C. Patterson, business manager ; circulation— daily 14,500, weekly 16,000. TORONTO Sun and National ; every evening except Sunday, and Weekly, Fridays ; daily four pages, weekly eight pages ; size — daily 20x27, weekly 27x41; subscription— daily $4,00, weekly $1.50; established 1872; Sun Printing and Publishing Co., editors and publishers; Barrett & Small - piece, managers ; circulation — daily 3,000, weekly 4,000. TORONTO Advertiser ; Saturdays ; eight pages ; size 26x40 ; subscription $1.50 ; established 1871 ; Edward Devine, editor and publisher ; circula- tion 5,000. TORONTO, British American Presbyterian ; Fridays ; Presbyterian ; eight pages; size 27x41 ; subscription $2.00; established 1872; C. Blackett Robinson, editor and publisher ; circulation 5,000. TORONTO Canadian Baptist ; Thursdays ; Baptist ; four pages ; size 28x42 ; subscription $2.00; established 1854; Rev. Wm. Muir, editor; Baptist Publishing Co., publishers ; Rev. Wm. Muir, business manager ; cir- culation 3,600. TORONTO, Canadian Oentleniun's Journnl and Sporting Times ; Fridays ; Sporting ; eight pages; size 27x41 ; subscription $4.00 ; established 1871 ; P. Collins & Co., editors and publishers ; circulation 2,000, estimated. TORONTO ('liristian Guardian ; Wednesdays ; Methodist ; efght pages ; size 34x46 ; subscription $2.00 ; established 1822 ; Rev. E. H. Dewart, editor in chief; Rev. S. Rose, publisher ; circulation 12,000. TORONTO Christian Journal; Fridays ; Methodist ; four pages ; size 28x24 ; subscription $1.50 ; established 1861 ; W. Bee, editor and publisher ; cir- culation 1,700. . .' TORONTO Dominion Churchman ; Weekly ; Thursdays ; sixteen pages ; size of page 9x13; subscription $2.00; established 1876; T. H. Spencer, L. L, D., editor and proprietor ; circulation 3,000, ■% i^t 40 T. F. Wood & Go's OSTTARIO. TORONTO Irish Canadian ; Wednesdays ; ei<.|;ht pages ; size 31x4fi ; subscrip- tion $2.00; established J863; Patrick Boyle, editor and publisher; cir- culation 6,000. TORONTO Monetary Times, and Trade Review ; (Insurance Chronicle) ; Fridays ; twenty pages; size of page 9x11 ; subscription $2.00 ; establish- ed 1867 ; J. M. Trout, Dusiness manager ; circulation 3,500, estinnated. TORONTO Nation ; Thursdays ; sixteen pages ; size of page 11x15 ; subscrip- tion $2.00 ; established 1874 ; J. Ross Robertson, business manager ; cir- culation 6,000, estimated. TORONTO, Orange Sentinel ; Thursdays ; four pages ; size 25x37 ; subscrip- tion $2.00 ; established 1876 ; F. G. Bailey, editor and publisher ; circu- lation 1,500. TORONTO Patriot ; Wednesdays ; four pages ; size 29x44 ; subscription $1 . 00; established 1832 ; D. F. Hutchison, editor ; James Beaty, publisher ; cir- culation 1,700, estimated ; issued from the office of the Leader. TORONTO, Tribune; Thursdays; Catholic; four pages; nze 24x36; subscrip- tion $1 .50 ; established 1874; Troy & Co., editors and publishers. TORONTO, Bee Hive j Monthly; sixteen pages; size 24x36; subscription 50c.; established 1875 ; Rodgers & Larminee, publishers. TORONTO, Canada Fanner; Monthly; Agricultural; twenty pages; size of page 10x14; subscription $1.50; established 1863; Globe Printing Co'y., editors and publishers ; circulation estimated. TORONTO, Canada Lancet; Monthly; forty-eight pages; size of page 7x10; subscription $3.00; established 1869; John Fulton, M. D., editor and proprietor; Willing & Williamson, publishers ; circulation 1,500. TORONTO, Canada Law Journal; Monthly; Thirty-two pages, octavo ; sub- scription $5.00; established 1855; Willing & Williamson, editors and publishers; circulation 500, estimated. TORONTO, Canadian Independant; Monthly; Congregational; forty-eight pages, octavo ; subscription $1.00 ; established 1854; Canadian Independant Publishing Company, publishers ; circulation 1,150, estimated. TORONTO, Canadian Magazine ; Monthly ; Literary ; sixty-four pages, octavo ; subscription $2.00; established 1871; Robt. liidgeway, editor, Irving, Flint & Co., publishers; do not insert advertisements. TORONTO, Canadian Monthly and National Review; Literary; ninety-four pages, octavo ; subscription $3.50; established 1871 ; Adam Stevenson Sc Co., editors and publishers ; circulation 2,500. TORONTO, Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal : Monthly; forty-eight pages, octavo ; subscription i$3.00 ; established 1868 ; E. B. Shuttleworth, editor, G. Hodgetts, publisher, circulation 800. TORONTO, Home and Foreign Record; Monthly; Presbyterian; thirty-two pages, octavo; subscription 60 cents; established 1861; Committee of Canada Presbyterian Church, editors and publishers ; do not insert adver- tisements. • ^ Canadian Newspaper Directory. 41 ONTARIO. TORONTO Journal of Edncation ; Monthly; sixteen pages; size of page 9x12 ; subscription $1.00; established 1848; Dr. J. George Ho- Bcription— daily $(1.00, semi-weekly |3.00; pstablished 1874; L. O. David, editor and publisher; circulation — tlaily 2,300, semi-weekly HOO. MONTREAL, La 3I[iiPi'V0; every morning and evening except Sunday; Trl» weekly, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, and La Semahie Agricole, Fridays; French; four pages; size '2(5x38 ; subscription — daily $8.00; tri- weekly $5.00; weekly $1.00; Puvernay, Freres »& Dansereaft, editors and publishers; circulation — daily 5,700, tri-weikly 3,000; weekly 12,000. MONTREAL, Le National; every morning and evening except Sunday, and Weekly, Weilnesdays; French; four pages; size 26x38; subscription — daily $6.00; weekly $2.00; established 1872; J. N. Bienvenn, editor, L- Laframboise, publisher; circulation — daily 3,400, weekly 1,500. MONTREAL, Le Nouveau Monde; every evening except Sunday ; Tri-weckly, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, and Weekly, Thursdays ; French ; four pages; size 25x37; subscription — daily $6.00, tri-weekly $4.00; j^/if weekly $2.00; established 1867; Alphonse Desjardins, editor, Canadian Printing Co., publishers. Object to stating circulation. MONTREAL Star; every evening except Sundays, and Family Herald and Weekly Star, Saturdays; daily four pages; wt- kly eight pages; size — daily 26x42, weekly 33x50; subscription— daily $3.00, weekly $1.25, _estalilished 1869 ; Graham & Co., editors and publishers ; circulation — daily /^, i>$i~ JPM, weekly 32,500. MONTREAL Witness; every evening except Sunday; Tri-weekly, Tue.sdays, Thursdays and Saturdays; Weekly, Thursdays; daily aid tri-weekly four pages; weekly eight pages; size — daily and tri-weekly 27x41, weekly 31x43;.8ub8cription— daily $3.00, tri-weekly $2.00; weekly $1.00; estab- lished—daily 1860, tri-weekly 1856; weekly 1846; John Dougall & 8on, editors and publishers; circulation — daily 12,560, tri-weekly 10,275, weekly 27,500. MONTREAL Sun; every evening except Sunday ; four pages ; size 24x38 ; sub- scription $3,00; established 1875; Stephen J. Meany, editor, Callahan & Meany, publishers, MONiKEAL, Le Franc Parleur; Seml-weekly, Tuesdays and Fridays; French; four pa^es ; size 23x33; subscription $3.00; established 1870; Adolphe Ouimet, editor and publisher; circulation 1,750, estimated. MONTREAL, Canadian Illustrated News ; Saturdays ; Literary ; sixteen pages ; size 33x46; subscription $4.00; established 1869; Burland-Desbarats' Lithographic and Publishing Co., editors and publishers. Object to stating circulation. MONTREAL, L'Aurore ; Fridays ; French ; Protestant ; four pages ; size 23x33 ; subscription $1 .50 ; established 1866 ; L. E, Rivard, editor and proprietor ; circulation 960. Canadian Newspaper Directory. 45 Ht'KBKC. ► MONTREAL, Le C'onrrI«r de Moiitrenl ; WfdnesdayH ; French ; eight pages ; pize 26x38 ; Hiil)Hcription $2.60 ; e.staliliHhed 1874 ; L. O. David, editor and puhlinher; circulation 2,0U0 ; i.suncd Himnitaneously at Montreal and Worct'Hter, MaHH. MONTREAL, L'Opiiiioii IMibliqiio ; Thursdays ; French ; Illufltrated ; twelve pages; size of page 11x10; suliHcription l.'J.dO; estalilirthed 1869 ; Bur- land-Desbarats' Lithograpluc & Publishing Co., publishers. Object to stating circulation. MONTREAL Tnio Witness ninl Catholic Chronicle ; Fridays ; eight pages ; size 30x42 ; subscription $2.00 ; established 1850 ; Htv. A. J. O'Reilly, D. D., editor ; J. Gillies, publisher ; circulation 3,500. MONTREAL Canadian Messeiijfer ; Senil-Monthly ; Temperance; eight pages ; size 22x29; subscription .38c, ; John Dougall Jk Son, editors and publishers; circulation 47,000. MONTREAL, Bulletin de I'Union Allet , Monthly ; Frencli ; twelve pages ; size of page 9x12 ; ^ubscription $1 .50 ; established 1873 ; Canadian Papal Zouaves, editors and publishers ; circulation 900, estimated. MONTREAL Canadian Masonic News ; Monthly ; forty pages ; size of page 7x10; subscription $2.00; estkblished 1875; Rev. E. M. Myers, eilitor and publisher ; circulation 2,000. MONTREAL Canada Medical Record ; 3Ionthly ; thirty-two pages ; size of page 7x10; subscription $2.00; established 1873; Lovell Printing and Publishing Co,, publishers ; Francis W. Campbell, M. D., proprietor ; circulation 1,058. MONTREAL Canadian Patent Office Record and Mechanics Magazine ; Month- ly ; Illustrated; forty pages; size of page 8x11; subscription $2.00; established 1873 ; Burland, Desbarata Lithographic and Publishing Co., editors and publishers. Object to stating circulation. MONTREAL Hari> > Monthly; Literary; thirty-six pages, octavo; subscription $1.50 ; established 1874; Callahan Ac Meany, editors and publishers ; cir- culation 1,500. MONTREAL Journal of Agriculture ; Monthly ; Illustrated ; sixteen pages : size 22x30 ; subscription $2,00 ; established 1873 ; J. Perrault, editor and publisher ; circulation 1,200. MONTREAL, La Revue Canadienne ; Montlily ; French ; Literary ; eighty-four pages, octavo; subscription $2.25 ; established 1870 ; F. A. Quinn, editor and proprietor ; circulation 1,200, estimated. MONTREAL Lower Canada Jurist ; Monthly ; thirty-two pages, octavo ; established 1857 ; S. Bethune, Q. C, J. L. Morris & James Kirby,D.C L, L. L. D., editorial committee; Lovell Printing and Publishing Co., pub- """" liehers. Do not insert advertisement. MONTREAL, L'Unlon Medicale du Canada ; Monthly ; French ; forty-eight pages, octavo; subscription $3.00; established 1871; George Grenier, M. D>; editor and publisher ; circulation 700. 49 T. F. Wood & Cos <|UKBiX*. iiti MONTREAL, New Dominion Monthly; sixty- four pages, octavo; sulwoription $1.50; (>8tal>li.«(hed 18G7 ; John Dougall & Son, edftors and publishers; circulation ,'J,;WO. MONTREAL I*reHbyterIun Record ; Monthly ; thirty-two pages ; size of page 6x9 ; subHcription 25c ; efital)liHhe(i 1H7G ; James Croil, editor ; Commit- tee of the ProHbyterian Church of Canada, publishers ; circulation 37,000, MONTREAL Protestant ; Monthly ; twenty- four pages ; size of pages 7x10 ; subscription $1.00; established 1B74; F. B. Graflon, editor and publisher; circulation 1,000. MONTREAL Pablic Health Magazine ; Monthly ; thirty-two pages ; size of page 6x9; subscription $2.00 ; established 1876; George A. Baynes, M. D., editor and proprietor ; circulation 1,000. MONTREAL Canadian Antiquarian ; (Quarterly ; forty-eight pages, octavo j subtr pages; size 28x3C> ; established 1862; subscription $1.46; John Caven, editor and proprietor, circulation 1,980. CHARLOTTETOWN, Island Argus; Tuesdays ; four pages; size 26x38; estab- lished 1869 ; subscription $1 .50 ; J. Hayden Fletcher, editor and publisher ; circulation 1850. CHARLOTTETOWN, New Era; Saturdays; four pages; size 27x39; subscription $1.50; established 1874; P. R. Bowers, editor and publisher; circulation 2,000. CHARLOTTETOWN, Royal Gazette ; Saturdays ; eight pages ; size 18x24 ; subscription $1.00; established 1873; P. R.Bowors, publisher; circulation 750. SUMMERSIDE Journal; Thursdays; four pages; size 24x38; subscription fl.OO ; established 1865 ; Graves & McMurty, editors and publishers, circulation 1,900. SUMMERSIDE Progress; Mondays; four pages; size 25x37; established 1867; subscription $1 .20 ; William Welsh, publisher ; circulation 1,500, estimated. MEWFOUNDIiAMD. HARBOUR GRACE, Standard ; Wednesdays J foar pages ; size 24x36 ; sub- scription 20s. ; established 1859 ; A. Munn, editor and publisher ; circula- tion 600, estimated. ST, JOHNS Chronicle ; every morning except Sunday, :;emi-weekly, Tues- days and Fridays ; four pages ; size—daily 21x29, semi-weekly 24x36 ; pubscription— daily $5.00, semi-weekly $2.50; Francis Winton, editor and publisher ; circulation— daily 500, eemi-weekly 600, e8timat«d. He' 50 T. F. Wood & Go's 9ri:wFoiJBrs>i.A]VD. ST, JOHNS Newfonndland Express ; Tri -weekly ; Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays ; subscription 20a. ; James Seaton, editor and publisher ; cir- culation 350, estimated. ^ ST. JOHNS Courier ; Semi-weeMy ; Wednesdays and Saturdays ; subscrip- tion 208. ; John Woods, editor and publisher ; circulation 400, estimated. ST, JOHNS Newfoundlander ; Semi-weekly ; Tuesdays and Fridays ; sub- scription 2l8. ; Edward Dalton Shea, editor and publisher : circulation 360. ST, JOHNS Public Ledger; Semi-weekly; Wednesdays and Saturdays ; four pages ; size 18x24 ; subscription $4.00 ; F. W. Bowden, editor and pub- lisher ; circulation 400, estimated. ST, JOHNS Times and General Commercial Gazette ; Semi-weekly ; Wed- nesdays and Saturdays ; four pages ; size 21x29 ; subscription 2l8. ; estab- lished 1832 ; John Williams McCoubrey, editor and publisher.; circulation 350, estimated. ST, JOHNS North Star ; Saturdays ; four pages ; size 24x36 ; subscription $3.00; established 1872; Robt. Winton, editor and publisher ; circula- tion 600. ST. JOHNS Patriot and Catholic Herald ; Saturdays ; four pages ; size 20x26 ; subscription $5.00 ; established 18.33 ; R. J, Parsons, editor and publisher ; circulation 350, estimated. ST. JOHNS Koyal Gazette and Newfoundland Advertiser ; Tuesdays ; four pages ; size 20x26 ; subscription $4.20 ; established 1807 ; J. C. Withers, editor and publisher ; circulation 350, estimated: ST. JOHNS Telegraph ; Wednesdays ; four pages ; size 26x40 ; subscription $2.00; established 1856 ; John Thomas Burton, editor and publisher; cir- culation 450, estimated. ST. JOHNS Indicator ; Bi-weekly ; four pages ; size 14x20 ; subscription $1.00 ; established 1873 ; F. W. Bowden, editor and publisher ; circula- tion 300, estimated. ST. JOHNS Temperance Journal ; Bi-weekly ; Temperance ; eight pages ; size 18x24 ; subscription $1.20 ; established 1868 ; E. Brace, Agent ; cir- culation 300, estimated. ' I Newspaper Dipectory Advertiser. 61 198,000. THE Daily and Weekly Editions -OF THE— # :• Montreal Star % # K M HAVE NOW (IT IS ESTIMATED) AN AUDIENCE OF ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIVE THOUSAND READERS, WHICH MAKES THEM THE MOST WIDELY CIRCULATED and IN- FLUENTIAL NEWSPAPERS PUB- LISHED IN CANADA. 52 T. F. Wood & Go's THE^ Chicago W ewspafer Union SXJI'P'IlilES EEADY-PRINTED SHEETS -AT- Prices According to the Quantity used! :o.- Sheets Prepared Especially for the Use of CANADIAN Pablisher«. Circulation of all Papers kept strictly CONFIDENTIAL. :o: Lottery, Gift Concert, and other illegal or immoral advertisements not admitted to our Columns. Only ONE HTTNDBED INCHES space reserved for Advertfsing purposes The AVERAGE space occupied is SEVENTY-FIVE INCHES. We use BRTTJBR PAPSK than any other house in the business. :o:- OUR PLAN SAVES rpVtafri-Sf'?^ editorial labor; one-half the cost of type setting; one -half the presswork ; one -half the bad debts of advertisers ; over one thousand dollars a year. OUR PLAN SECURES IZl'LZ: An Agricultural and Home Department ; a Department for Young Folks ; a Good Story and a great variety of carefully Selected Matter, interesting to Everybody ; the Best Quality of ALL RAG Print Paper ; a LARGE Paper instead of a small one; TIME to COLLECT BILLS CLOSELY; TIME TO MAKE BETTER LOCAL REPORTS and DO MORE JOB WORK. :o: The largest) most Influential) and longest established local Papers are novr among the wrarmest advocates of our sheets. AVe are notv supplying a large number of Papers, OVBR TIVKNTY years old. "We print ANY NUMBER of PAGES, from ONE to EIGHT. ;^g^ Write for prices and fuU particulars, and when writing state the NUM- BER of quires and SIZE desired. All communications promptly answered. THE NEWSPAPER UNION, 1^ w:,^s^ 114 Monroe St., Chicago- Newspaper Directory Advertiser. 58 '> Arnpriop Daily Star, No. 26 ELGIN STREET, ARNPBIOR, Out. J. M. NICHOLSON, - - Editor and Proprietor. o ADVERTISING VERY LO^V. Circulates largely in the Counties of RENFREW, CARLTON and PONTIAC. An excellent medium for MACHINERY MANUFACTURERS to reach Customers and Dealers. THE ONLY DAILY IN THE OTTAWA COUNTY, OUTSIDE OF THE CITY OF OTTAWA. 0— — THE W^EEKLY EDITION Circulates largely among the FAa^MING COMMUNITY of this section. Excellent Advertising medium for all linec. — O CIRCULATION OF DAILY FROM 500 TO 800 XNCREASING RAPIDLY. WE EXPECT TO HAVK 3000 BEFORE THE YEAR EXPIRES. THE JOB PRINTING DEPARTMENT IS VERY COMPLETE. BEING SUPPLIED WITH ALL THE APPLIANCES ' THAT ART CAN BOAST OF. ADDRESS J.!. NICHOLSON, ARNPRIOR. It 54 T. F. Wood & Go's The Halifax Mayflower Has been in existence since 1868, but in the hands of the present editor and Propriv.tor since 1871. Its circulation has rapidly increased. IT IS ILLUSTRATED & SERIO-COMIC IN TONE And is a great favorite with all classes. INDEPENDENT IN POLITICS AND CREED, It favors no party or church. ^ Mi hr mm\ It is the only Paper in tbe Dominion tliat is run for the fnn of the thing. Its Proprietor, Editor and Publisher having it as a recreation. f.i-C*r It is now firmly established, and bids fair to become the paper of the period in the Domfnion. THE ADVERTISING RATES Are somewhat higher than those of other papers, bat they are well worth it, as there is more or less humor mixed up even with the Advertisements by the Editor, reference being made to them in the locals. mm- PRICE OF TLBE PAPER : $1.S0 a year, postince paid. Canadian Newspaper Directory. 56 ^ Uxbridge Journal, PUBLISHED ON THURSDAY MORNING OF EACH WEEK, — BT — F. KELLAR, AT HIS PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT, Brock Street, - Uxbridge, Ont. Subscription, $1.00 per Annum. ADVERTISEMENTS. ALL ADVERTISEMENTS MEASURED IN NONPAREIL, AND CHARGED AT THE RATE OF 8 CENTS PER LINE, FIRST INSERTION, AND 3 CENTS PER LINE FOR EACH SUBSEQUENT INSERTION. SPECIAL CONTRACTS MADE WITH ADVERTISERS BY THE YEAR OR OTHERWISE. UXBRIDGE VILLAGE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT CENTRE — OF — A Fine Manufacturing and Agricultural District ife> — ON THK — TORONTO AND NIPISSING RAILWAY. 66 T. F. Wood & Go's FIRST CLASS ADVERTISING MEDIUM, The Daily Tribune, PUBLISHED EVERY AFTERNOON, (EXCEPT SUNDAY). Prieof $5*00 per Annum. The Weekly Tribune, PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY. Prlcc) 9i*00 per AnnniU) ■ > ■ Invariably In advance. J. L. STEWART, Editob. RATES for advortiaing in the DAILY and WEEKLY EDITIONS of the Tbibunr are very liberaL For terma and further information call on or address : M. McLEOD, Bunneaa Manager, No. 51 Princk William Stbekt, ST. JOHN, N. B. i > F. G. MARCHAND, Editor. J. BOURGUIGNON, Manager. J i The Franco-Canadian, A SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, PuBUBHED AT St. Johns, P.Q. EVERY TUESDAY AND FRIDAY. BubMuiptlouf |a*SO per year* The Fbaiicx>-Ganadiax oiroolates prinoipalb' in the Distriots of IBERVILLE and BEDFORD. A fint-olass medium for Advertisers. * « ,v PRINTING OF EVERY DESCRIPTION DONE IN BOTH FRENCH AND ENGLISH. Y. Newspaper Diuectory Advertiser. 57 The Toronto Sun, ESTABLISHED 1872. PUBLISHED EVERY DAY AT 4 O'CLOCK IN THE AFTERNOON. IS ACKNOWLEDGED TO BE THE VERY BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM IN THE CITY OF TORONTO. IT CIRCULATES AFTER THE DAY'S BUSINESS IS OVER, AND WHEN PEOPLE HAVE TIME NOT ONLY TO PERUSE THE READING MATTER, BUT ALSO THE ADVERTISEMENTS • -0 ' rpmrprprp H H EEEE sSSSs T H H E s„ T HHHH EE ssssS T H H H H E EEEE u u u u u u u u uuu ^N ^ ^ N N N ^N Circulates among the masses, and is the best medium through which to reach the working people. It 'is the SPICIEST and BEST NEWSPAPER published in Canada. ITS ADVERTISING RATES Are LOWER than any other first class Daily published in Toronto. All Communications to be addressed to ^^^t^^t^ BARRETT & SMALLPEICE, i{anager8. 58 T. F. Wood & Go's Welland Telegraph. WELLAND. — PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. — CANADA. Subscription ^l.OO per year. Th« TELEQRAPH \a the best advertising medium in the Niagara Diitriot. It is the ao'x- nowledged organ of the Liberal Consorrative party of this section, and by the careful attention given to Couo'i^y and Municipal affairs, without any official patronage, has to depend on the people fot its support. It is fearless and outspokeu on all questions ocnceming the welfare of the people, espe- cially those who are located in the Niagara District and on the line of the Qreat Welland Canal, within 50 yards of the banks of which, tne office in situated. Advertising rates made known on application to N B. COLCOCK, PublUher A Projrrietor. The Times. The leading LIBERAL CONSERVATIVE JOURNAL in the COUNTY OF OXFORD, Published weekly in the town of WOODSTOCK, ,: contains LITERARY, LOCAL, EDITORIAL AND GENERAL NEWS. PURE LITERATURE, SPICY LOCALS, VIGOROUS EDITORIALS. AND FRESH NEWS. The best advertising medium in the County. SWAN & BEEMAN, r * *" p' B- '^ ' f * • < ^ ■ ■ , i -, PtAlither. f Terms $1.50 in advance. ■miip Newspaper Dirkotory Advertiser. ^ The St ThomCiS Times, The most extensively circulated journal on the Canada Southern and Air Line Railway. TERMS : Semi-Weekly, $3.00 per annum. Weekly, .- $1.50 " Advertising Rates and specimen copies sent free on application. JOB PRINTING of all kinds promptly executed. J. WILKmSOJ^, Proprietor. St. Catharines Daily Times, p. E. W. MOYER, Editor and Proprietor. /■■. THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM IN NIAGARA DISTRICT. ' ' Only a limited number of advertisements admitted to the Weekly Edition. V-. li I T. F. Wood & Go's ' The Halifax Citizen,! TRI-WEEKl,Y AND WEEKLY. DEVOTED TO NEWS, POLITICS AND LITERATURE. SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO COMMERCIAL MATTERS. H«l LARGEST CIRCULATION IN NOVA SCOTIA. ADVERTISING AT MODERATE RATES. THE CITIZEN PUBLISHING CO'Y., PROPRIKTORa, DANIEL H. FOWLER, MANAGER. T' e Observer, V...' oo"w^j^isrs^iLii.JB, :f>. q.. Contains more local intellUrence than any other paper in the Eastern Townships, whioh makes it eagerly sought for by all classes, and it is universally read, consequently it is the BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM IN THE DISTRICT OF BEDFORD. Jt is the only paper which gives reliable reports of the Court proceedings, and is the recognized organ of the District of Bedford Agricultural and Horticultural Associations. •": • '.!-r^irh-i'" ---_-*. ADVERTISING RATES L9W. JOHN MASSIE, JNR., EDITOR AND PUBLISHER, Newspaper Directory Advertiser. ft tDaily Advertiser, ^ LONDON, CANADA. LARGEST CIRCULATION OF ANY DAILY PAPER IN WESTERN ONTARIO. (Ehtablihhkd 1862.) Weekly Liberal & Western Advertiser, (PUBLISHED AT LONDON AND TORONTO.) Largest and most widoly diffused oiroulation in Canada, with one exception. 'Thin journal wa» establithed in 1862, andenjoyt a wide and aubitantial patronaae."^^ Its oiroulation in Western Ontario is far in advance of all oompetitors, without any exception. For samples and rates of advertising. Address JOHN CAMERON & CO., LONDON, CANADA. "DECIDEDLY THE BEST LOCAL PAPER IN THE WEST." The Bothwell Times, INDEPENDENT IN POLITICS. The Times Office has been supplied with new material, including type of the latest styles, hence the paper presents a very creditable typographic appearance, and the JOB PRINTING DEPARTMENT has facilities for executing work with neatness, cheapness and despatch, second to none Wkst of London. \ ADVBRTITIMO RATES! One Column, one year $4000 " six months 25.00 three " 1500 Half " one year 2000 six months 1300 .. ^ " «• throe " 7.00 Quarter Column, one year 1200 " " six months 700 «' " three " 4.00 ~ - •- Eighth " one year 700 " six months 4.00 •• " three " 2.50 Business Cards 10 lines and under $4 per year. Casual Advertisements 8 cents pt line for first insertion, and 2 cents per line for each subsequent insertion. JAMES F. CRATE, . Proprietor, .1.. 62 ( ■ .' >'V SI T. F. Wood & Go's The Colonial Farmer, Is the ONLY WEEKLY AGRICULTURAL PAPER in tho MARITIME PROVINCES ; AS AN ADVERTISING MEDIUM IT HAS NO SUPERIOR. Suba«rlptioii, $1.50 a year. SEND FOR ADVERTISING RATES, ADDRESS : LUGRIN & SON, FREDERICTON, N. B. The Maritime Trade Review, ST. JOHN, NEW BaUNSWICE. THE ONLY COMMERCIAL PAPER PUBLISHED IN THE MARITIME PROVINCES. UNDOUBTEDLY THE BEST MEDIUM FOR SPECIAL ADVERTISEMENTS. -•:»■■■ — o— A regular raarante ' d and gratuitious circulation not depending upon the whim of sabsoribers. Send post card for free sample copy. • » •,•■' • * ~^T— ~- : . IRA CORNWALL, - ■-:,-:::. .-.^iy-:':,f.:'..-^u,-m' ' ST. JOHNS, N. B. ^ On 00 « « Circulation largoHt in the District and constantly increasing. Four Presses Run by Steam. First Class Jobbing Office. LIBERAL TERMS TO ADVERTISERS. i Price, / The North Star. The NORTH STAR and GE^fERAL ADVERTISER for the FREE GRANT DISTRICTS of PARRY SOUND, MUSKOKA and NIPISSING. Subscription, $1.50 a year. THOMAS J. McMURRAY, Proitrieioi\ PARRY SOUND, ONT. The Port Hope Times Is the largest and BEST LOCAL PAPER in the Dominion, and unrivalled as an Advertising Medium, Subscription Books open to the inspection of Advertisers at any time. ADVERTISING RATES LOW. SUBCRIPTION $1.50 IF PAID IN ADVANCE ; $2.00 IF NOT SO PAID. Send for sample copy. J. B. TRAYES, Editor and Proprietor. LARGEST CIRCULATION IN NORTH WELLINGTON i:^ SOUTH GREY. The Confederate IS PUBLISHED BY STOVEL BROS., MOUNT FOREST, EVERY TUESDAY MORNING. "as AN ADVERTISING MEDIUM THE '-CONFEDERATE" IS UNSURPASSED. vv 79 T. F. Wood & Go's III The New Era Published in Charlovte^^own, Prince Edward Island, has the largest local circulation. TERMS : $1.50 PER ANNUM. P. R. BOWERS, Editor and Proprietor. The Progress, A Chronicle of the County of Argenteuil and District of Terrebonne, published every Friday, at St. Andrews, P. Q. Sabscriptlon, $1^00 per aiiiiuin, in advance. CIRCULATION VERY LARGE. We know that it will pay business men to advertise in this paper. THOMAS DORION, Publisher and Proprietor. The Stanstead Journal, IS ISSUED EVERY FRIDAY MORNING AT ROCK ISLAND, P. Q. Is largely circulated among the best families, merchants, manufacturers and farmers, and is a first class medium for advertising. TERMS MODERATE. Subscriptions, $2.00 per annum, or if in advance, $1.50. FANCY PRINTING on reasonable terms. Also BLANK BOOKS and STATIONERY. L. R. ROBINSON, Editor and Proprietor. The Herald, Published EVERY WEDNESDAY EVENING, at the Office, QUEEN'S BUILD- ING, Comer QUEEN & KING STREET, CHARLOTTETOVVN, P. E. L CIRCULATION NEARLY 2000, '" ~ JOHN CAVEN, Editor and Proprietor, —y^---—-'—;- Having recently added a splendid Msortment of Newspaper and Job Types, and a first-clasa Fairhaven Power Press, and with experienced workmen, we are prepared to execute PLAIN, ORNAMENTAL, and FANCY PRINTING, in the very BEST STYLE OP THE ART. The HERALD is the most extensively patronized and best Advertising Medium in the Province. Newspaper Directory Advertiser. Tl ) Whitby, Ontario, Chronicle, iBBued every Thursday, by W. H. HKJQINS, Puhlixhcr. A large thirty-six column journal. Largest circulation in the County of Ontario. TERMS: $1 W PER ANNUM. i * All advertisements measured in Nonpareil, and charged at the rate of eight cents per line, first insertion, and two cents per lino each subsequent insertion. Special contracts made with advertisers by the year or otherwise. Western Advocate. THE ADVOCATE is what the Yankees call a REAL LIVE PAPER. Fearless in matters of Politics and Religion. It hits when and where hitting is needed. The publisher works to push his advertisers business. Subscription $1 .00. Advertising space dirt cheap. ASA CRONK, F.di^or and Publisher, WALLACEBURG, Ont. The Christian Journal, TORONTO, Organ of the Primative Methodist Conference, published every FRIDAY. Circulating widely, is an excellent medium for advertising. KKV. W. BEE, Editor and Publisher. The Stratford Bacon, Published every Friday morning. Contains 36 Long Colunms. Constituting it one of the LARGEST COUNTRY NEWSPAPERS, published C in the Dominion. : li M declared to be " the best local country paper in Canada.'* It has, by general admission, a Larger Circulation than any other paper in the same section of country, and is, therefore, a most DESIRABLE MEDIUM FOR ADVERTISING. ll ii v« n T. F. Wood & Go's The Lucknow Sentinel, ESTABLISHED 1873. 0— — Tho Organ of tho Northorn part of HURON, and tho Scithom part of BRUOP. flmt-oliws Journal, full of LOCAL NEWS, and rapidly incnaaing in circulation."'®!^ RATES OP ADVERTrSING REASONABLE. D. B. BOYD, F'fitor nnd Publisher. The Daily Times, HAMILTON, ONT. Is published EVERY EVENIN t tho Office, corner of King and Hugh.«on Streets. Terms, $0.00 per Annum. It has tho LARGEST DAILY CIRCULATION WEST OF TORONTO. TIMES PRINTING COMPANY. The Brussels Post, BRUSSELS, ONT. A LIVE AND PURELY LOCAL PAPER, ISSUED WEEKLY. $1.50 per year, iuTariably in advance. The "POST" has a large and growing circulation in tho Heotion of country adjoining tho Village of Brussels, and enters almost every house in tho Villaito. As a means of Ad- vertising FARMING IMPLEMENTS, and other rural reauisitos, it is in the front rank of Canadian local Papers. All advertisements of a doubtful or immoral nature are strictly prohibited. ADVERTISIN(} RATES LIBERAL, Sample Copies sent free. For further particulars, address : TBEE BUUSSEL8 POST, McGILLICUDDY BROTHERS, Editors and Publishers. The Examiner and County of Simcoe Advocate, BARRIE, ONT. IS PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY MORNfNG. All Advertisements measured in Nonpareil type. •♦•Advertisements unaccompanied with written inst ructions will be inserted until forbid and charged accordingly. The EXAMINER is the only organ of the Liberal party in the town, the best and most widely circulated Journal published North of Toronto. Its established character as a reliable Newspaper has secured to it the confidence of all parties, making it the best advertising medium in tho County of Simcoe. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. One Dollar per annum, strictly in advance ; $1.S<1 if not paid within three months; or $2.00 if not paid within six months. Address all orders to KXAMINER OFFICE BARRIE, ONT. W. M. NICHOLSON * .<0N, Publiaker; •w-'^i>:. N??wsPArEB Directory Advertiser. 78 I LE NATIONAL The Best French Advertising Medium in Canada. HAS TWO DAILY EDITIONS, MORNING AND EVENING. AL8U A WEEKLY EDITION EVERY THURSDAY, CONTAINING SIX PAGES OF READING MATTER. $8.00. 6.00. 2.00. Subscrlptiuu in Canada : Daily, City " By Post prepaid - - - Weekly, Weekly, one number, two cents, subscriptions received in City, 1 2 cents per week. Subscription in the United States : Daily, prepaid, $8.00. Weekly, " , a-S©- AdTertlsiuK Rates : DAILY. Ist insertion, Nonpareil , lOc. per line. One year, |3.00 per line Subsequent, 5c. " " Six months, 1.75 « (( Three timew a week, Sc. " " Three months, 1.00 (( « Twice a week, 7c. " " One month, .50 li (( Once " 8c. « " WEEKLY. Each insertion, 10c. per line. Special Notices, lOc. All Other information can be had by applying to the proprietor L. LAFRAMBOISE, "-* ' ' / * 73 ST. JAMES STREET. •*-• II 74 T. F. Wood & Go's ,,,■■0 / UAurore, THE ONLY FRENCH PROTESTANT NEWSPAPER IN AMERICA, Is published WEEKLY by L. E. RIVARD, at No. 625 CRAIG STREET, MONTREAL. It contains Literature, Agriculture, Temperance, Poetry, General News, a regular Correspondence from France on European affairs, etc. This paper is found in all parts of the Dominion and the United States. CIRCULATION 1100. Rates of AdvertiHlng : First insertion, 8 cts. per line, Minion type. Eacl. following insertion, 2 cts. per line, with from lo to 6o per c(;nt. discount, according to space and length of time. L. E. Rivard imports French Foreign Books, and also deals in Irving's, Hitchcock's, Harding's and other publishers' cheap musk. ' Country orders promptly attended to. Addrea»: L. E. RIVARD, MONTREAL. The Canadian Cleaner, Published every THURSDAY at HUNTINGDON, Q., 50 miles from Montreal. Only paper in the County and circulates largely among the English speaking population of the neighbouring counties of Beauharnois and Chateauguay. Montreal advertisers in its columns are certain that their notices will be brought before a desirable class of farmers who purchase largely in the City. Terms on application. Address, GLEANER. HUNTINGDON, The News. ADVERTISING IN A GOOD PAPER IS A SURE INVESTMENT It will pay to advertise in THE NEWS AND FRONTIER ADVOCATE, Because it has a LARGE and INFLUENTIAL CIRCULATION and is an enterprising and readable sheet. E. R. SMITH, /V-^/«W<7r.^ . St. Johns, P. Q, Newspaper Directory Advertiser. 75 ICA, regular cts. per icock't, ;al. The Patriot. A Semi- Weekly .'Journal devoted to Local IntorcBta and Newa. 'la publiahed every Thuraday morning, and Saturday evoninx. and The Weekly Patriot, every Friday, by Laird & MitniiKLL, South Side Queon Square, Charlottetown, Prince Edward laland. Term* t For the Scmi-Wookly Patriot, $2 per iinnum Wnokly PATHif)T. $1 ppr annum. Advortisomenta will bo inaorted at *,ho following ratoN : P»t squaro. first in»ertioii, $1 j each continuation, 25 oenta. No flinffle advortiaement, however brief, will be accounted leaa than half a aquare. To auctioneers and othora, advcrtiaing oztenaively a diacount will be allowed. T. F. "WOOD A, CO., MONTR RAL, AOBNT8. TO PUBLISHERS — All Country Publishers desirous of making money, use the Ready-printed Sheets, furnished by us. We are the only Company in Canada that gives its undivided attention to the printing of "outsides" and " insides " foy country newspapers. Publishers should make a note of the fact that a saving of fully fifty per cent is effected by adopting this plan. Only a reasonable space reserved for advertisements. Prices of Double Royal Folios, twenty-eight cents per quire, and Double Demy Folios, twenty-three cents per quire. Prices of other sizes, and full particulars on application to S. FRANK WILSON, Manager. Office of the Auxiliary Publishing Co., Hamilton, Ont. ontreal. 1 lefore a O-ET THE! BEST. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. 10,000 WORDS AND MEANINGS NOT IN OTHER DICTIONARIES ; 3,000 ENGRAVINGS ; 1,840 PAGES QUARTO ; PRICE $12. :nt IS an Webster now is Kloriona : It leavea nothing to be desired.— Pres. Raymond, Vossar College. Every scholar knows the value of the work.— W. H. Presoott, the Historian. Been one of my daily companions.— John L. Mothy, the Historian, Ac. Superior in most respects to any other known to me.— Geo. P. Marsh. The best puide of students of our language.— John G. Whittier. Excels all others in defining scientific terms.— President Hitchcock. . Remarkable compendium of human knowledge. W. S. Clark, President, Ag. College. A ncoeaaity for every intelligent family, student, teacher and professional man. What Library 18 complete without the best English Dictionary? Also Webster's National Pictorial Dictionary : 1,040 paxes octavo, 600 engravi.igs, price $5. The work is really a gem of a Dictionary, juat the thing for the million. — A7nertcan Educational Monthly, Sold by all Booksellers. Published by ^, & C, Merriam, Springfield, Mass. \-A-^ u T. F. WoooD & Go's .'10" S^ The Gazette, - DEVOTED TO - AGRICULTURE, LITERATURE, ARTS, NEWS, &c., &c. The Best Advertising Medium in the Eastern Townships. BRADFORD, BROS. & CO.. Editors and Proprietors. T. F. Wood & Co., Agents, Montreal. The Free Press, DAILY AND WEEKLY, € 'is ■r THE DAILY FREE PRESS HAS NOW A LARGER CIRCULA- TION THAN ANY OTHER DAILY IN THE CITY. ADVERTISING RATES LOW. ■ ' . ,■ t . Free Press Printing Co. JEclitors and Proprietors. i \ Newspaper Directory Advertiser. 77 The Witness, DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY and WEEKLY, MONTREAL. THE WIDE CIRCULATION OF THE SEVERAL EDITIONS - OF THIS NEWSPAPER MAKES IT i ONE OF THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUMS IN THE DOMINION. JOHN DOUGALL & SON, Editors and Publishers. ( \ The Telegraph, DAILY AND WEEKLY, ST. JOHISr, ]N. B, THE TELEGRAPH HAS NOW THE LARGEST CIRCULATION OF ANY NEWSPAPER IN THE MARITIME PROVINCES. WM. ELDER, V-.., Editor and Publisher. 71 T. F. Wood & Go's. The Globe, DAILY AND WEEKLY, TORONTO, ONTARIO. Ir LARGEST CIRCULATION OF ANY NEWSPAPER IN THE DOMINION. GLOBE PRINTING CO., Editors and Proprietors. The Spectator, DAILY AND WEEKLY, HAMILTON, Ontario. ^ THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM WEST OF TORONTO. m LAWSON, Mcculloch & co., Editors and Publishers. Newspapeb Directory Advertiser. 70 . The Mail, (DAILY ANO WEEKLY,) TORONTO, - - - - ONTARIO. .>o«. THE LEADING CONSERVATIVE NEWSPAPER IN THE DOMINION OF CANADA. .«^^- ^^ €I»€Ul.ATIOIir X Daily, 1 4 , 5 C) O weekly. 1 (J , o o o MAIL PRINTING & PUBLISfiUNa Q% ■1 -•.,t ^ (l¥? I ■ . ^•-r -f^^^ff^*- - "t*?'''^*^" I' ^^•^ w:Eta'M: T. F. 'C-:** M f»»JC»Jl.,, CO '"'^ '"a/cing your Advertising ^o^" ^ u l^- f