IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

1.25

|2^

ISO

^ us,

1.4

IIIIM

1,6

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche

Series.

CIHM/iCMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques

The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are checlted below.

L'Institut a microfilm^ le meiiieur exemplaire
qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details
de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du
point de vue bibliographiqua, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la mdthode normale de filmage
sont indiquds ci-dessous.

Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur

□ Coloured pages/
Pages de couleur

I I Covers damaged/

Couverture endommagde

□ Pages damaged/
Pages endommag^es

Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couvsrture restaur6e et/ou pellicul6e

□ Pages restored and/or laminated/
Pages restaur^es et/ou pelliculdes

I I Cover title missing/

Le titre de couverture manque

I 1 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
I ^ Pages ddcolor^es, tachet^es ou piqu^es

I I Coloured maps/

Cartes gdographiques en couleur

r~l^Pages detached/
LlJ Pages d^tach^es

Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de coulour (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)

I I Showthrough/

Transparence

□ Coloured plains and/or illustrations/
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur

n Quality of print varies/
Quality indgale de I'impression

Bound with other material/
Reli6 avec d'autres documents

Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin/

La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distortiC'-i 'e long de la marge intdrieurb

Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the texv. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
li se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas 6t6 filmies.

G
D
□

Includes supplementary material/
Comprand du materiel supplementaire

Only edition available/
Seule Edition disponible

Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obs':urcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., ont St^ film^es d nouveau de facon d
obtenir la meilleure image possible.

Additional comments:/
Commentaires suppl^mentaires:

This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/

Ce document est film6 au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous.

18X 22X

10X

14X

26y.

30X

12X

16X

20X

24X

28X

32X

The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks
to the generosity of:

National Library of Canada

L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grdce d la
g6n6rosit6 de:

Bibliothdque nationale du Canada

The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.

Ler images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et
de la nottet6 C :■ l'exemplaire filmd. et en
conformity avnc les conditions du contrat de
filmage.

Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.

Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprimie sont film6s en commen^ant
par le premier plat et en terminant soit par Ba
dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second
plat, seioki le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires
originaux sont film6s en commenpant par la
premidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustrstion et en terminant par
la dernidre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.

The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol — »> (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.

Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la
dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbole — »> signifie "A SUIVRE ", le
symbole V signifie "FIN".

Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:

Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre
film6s d des taux de rdduction diff^rents.
Lor«que le document est trop grand pour dtre
reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmd d partir
de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite,
et de haut en bas, en orenant le nombre
d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrt^mmes suivants
illustrent la mdthode.

t/i^-^

-(^-^^t5

d^o • /I Li I (o

mmmmfmifmm

.-'"t^M

d^.^-<^''^->£^''-^^^C

icturesque
Ordston and
Environments

.•'#»|K..-^-^i»/ ■

A Story of G)lonh;ation and
Prc^ess in Southern Alberta,

CARDSTON, N.W.T.

N. W. MACF.EOD
1900

I ,■■ *ft ■^'WA'H

£t..„ajfew^4UiafA

' 4, '

i-4 .*'

' ?•■-••, ^^' kiS'fi ''I

- * t

Mi'

President Charles Ora Card, Fioneer and Founder of Cardston, Alta.,
and Ecclesiastical Bead of >the * ' Mormon^"
Church in Canada. ,

picturesque
• Cakdston and Environments

•

■■!
i

■ . i

!
.. -..' ^-i

Alta.y

■

A STORY OF
COLONIZATION and PROGRESS

SOUTHERN ALBERTA.

J- ,

-*^ . J .;?,.

r\RDSTON, N.W.T.

N. W. MACLEOD
1900

' i

•I I

Entered AocordinK to Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year
Nineteen Hundred, by N. W. Macleod, in the Ofllcxi of the
Minister of Agriculture.

> i

INTRODUCTION.

Southern Alberta lias for, many years been noted as one of
the finest stock countries in the world. It is now conceded also
to be a magnificent region for the establishment of homes. All
who have located here have succeeded in temporal affairs ; they
have tilled the soil, reaped harvests in accordance with that
which they have sown ; have made themselves comfortable
homes, built villages and hamlets and become an important
facfor in the development of the great North- West.

The extensive irrigation system recently inaugurated by the
Canadian North- West Irrigation Company in Southern Alberta
— a system that extends from a point on the St. Mary's river, not
far from the international boundary line, to the new town of
Stirling on the railroad fifty miles north-eastward — has given
a greater impetus to the settlement of this particular region
than has heretofore been experienced. Many hundreds of
"Mormon" immigrants have settled upon the land in this
district during the past yeay and become citizens of the
Dominion. That they will be loyal and progressive is incon-
trovertible, as are their industry and enterprise.

The majority of the " Morrrion " people came hither from
Utah, where they and their forbears made the sage-brush
valleys in the heart of the Rocky Mountains to smile with
bounteous harvests, to be ornate with golden orchards and
happy homes, until the very face of earth became beautiful
as any Eden. Those who first came to Southern Alberta have,
during a residence of thirteen years past, been true to their
traditions, and have transformed a vast area of this undulating
and semi-prairie land into fruitful fields, thriving hamlets and
happy homes. Cattle browse on a thousand hills, sheep by
thousands revel on magnificent stretches of country on which
the most luxurious grasses grow, and the " Mormons," them-
selves, have been builders and pioneers of which any country
might be proud.

The following pages tell the story of the incipiency and
development of the settlements in this marvelous region, and
the pictures speak in language more potent than the most
eloquent tongue, of the people's grit, determination and
industry in the great work of colonization in which they
are engaged in Southern Alberta.

> r

IMCTl'RKSQUE CARDS'I'ON AND HNVIKONMENTS.

FOUNDIN(J A COLONY.

TT was on September 14, 1886, that Charles Ora Card came
from Logan, Utah, U.S.A., to explore part of British
Columbia and Alberta in .search of a locality in which to
establish a home for himself and a company of his compatriots,
and his selection resulted in the birth of Cardston. Nowhere
else, .so he believed, could he find a more inviting place than did
he here in Southern Alberta. He camped at the mouth of Lees
Creek on October 24, 1886, in company with Bishop Isaac
Zondel and Elder James W. Hendricks. The richness of the
soil, the limitless areas of luxuriously grass-clad plains, the
reasonable accessibility to timber and the copious streams of
water appealed to his judgment, and here he decided to cast his
lot. Having reached this decision, the party returned home to
prepare for their removal to the' selected land.

The reports they carried across the international line were of
the best. Never in all their travels had the little party seen a
balmier clime nor a more enticing spot than when they viewed
the region wherein Cardston now stands. The hills were clad
in emerald green, and in the evening, as in the morning, the
Titanic masses of the Rocky Mountain range limned against the
curtain of the sky, took on more glorious tints than Nature's
painting on a shell. The grand Old Chief Mountain, whose
summit has never yet been reached by man, towered before
them as a bulwark of safety, and the lofty snow-clad peaks and
serried heights seemed grander to the pioneers than an army
with banners, while the air was pregnant as with a benediction.
The whole scene reminded them of their far-off home, and they
decided that surely this was the promised land.

And so another party was formed, consisting of President C.
O. Card, President Thomas E. Ricks, of Rexburg, Idaho. Bishop
Thomas X. Smith, of Logan, Utah, and Elder Neils Monson,
of Hyrum, Utah, and on returning here they selected the
present site of Cardston for their settlement, President Card
choosing for his own use what is now the north half of the
present town site.

The party at once busied themselves putting in gardens, and

PICTURESQUE CARDSTON AND ENVIRONMENTS.

remained on the ground till May 3rd, when they went back to
meet their families, after having left L. S. Allen and nephew in
charge, both having arrived two days before.

Messrs. John A. Woolf, J. A. Hammer, Bishop George L.
Ferrill, of Smithfield, Utah, and E. R. Miles, with their
respective families, returned with the pioneers, and the com-
pany reached here on June 3, 1887. Two weeks before, however,
Johannus A. Anderson, Samuel Matkin and Thomas R. Leavitt
and families had arrived, and these, with the later-comers, soon
ploughed up the land and put in crops.

President C. O. Card and party were met at St. Mary's river,
which was then at swimming depth, by Sergeant Brimner, of
the North- West Mounted Police, who kindly piloted them across,
Mr. Card having tv/o waggons, J. A. Woolf also two, and the
other three families one each, making seven waggons in all. The
sergeant was exceedingly obliging and told the party that the
boys up at the settlement were just ripping up the ground like

h for more than a mile. President and Mrs. Card and the

other new-comers were most cordially received by the neighbor-
ing ranchers, especially Mr. Ash, Mr. Barker, Mr. Donovan, Mrs.
Shaw, Miss Shaw (now Mrs. Harper), Mr. Derenze, Sergeant
Gotter (who was then a rancher), and Corporal Harper, who
succeeded Sergeant Brimner in command of the St, Mary's
detachment.

President Card arrived in Cardston June 3, 1887, and on
Sunday, June 5th, the little company held a m jting in a
tent 12 X 14 feet, and on the Sunday followisug a Sunday
school was organized. There were then eight families on the
ground, with teams, waggons, cattle and farm implements. In
the fall of the year 1887, Bishop Daines and J. E. Layne, who
had come early in the season, were joined by their families, and
on December 10th, Npiils Monson, Joseph Ricks and John Roberts
arrived with their families, while Henry L. Hinman, his son
Lewis, Mcrgan L. Hinman and O. L. Robinson also came in the
fall ahead of their respective families.

The population of the little community was then about
ninety. They built roads into the mountains, constructed a
meeting-house 20 x 20^ feet, ten cab'ns and a dugout, got out
fencing and busied themselves in arranging their surroundings
for the winter. The meeting-house was completed on January
24, 1888, and the people indulged in a grand house-warming,
having a great time of rejoicing. The mus.cian on this occasion
was Jacob Workman, now of Leavitt (a new town adjacent to
Cardston), who played on a mouth-organ ; but sweeter music

■

< '' .'

■:*■.

J ^

FOUNDING A COLONY.

by far than that of any instrument was that which was throb-
bing in the people's hearts.

It was just twelve years ago in last September that the town
of Cardston — the eastern part of it — was laid out by J. A.
Woolf, J. A. Hammer, Bishop Ferrill and E. R. Miles, under the
direction of President Card, an improvised compass, devised by
one of the carpenters, being used for the purpose. President
Card drew the first plan of the town, making sixteen blocks to
a quarter section of land, the blocks being thirty-four rods
square, with streets laid out at right angles ninety-nine feet
wide.

When the town was first laid out, however, it comprised only
three tiers of blocks, twelve blocks in all, each lot seventeen
rods square with four lots to the block.

The first settlers having plowed and planted the ground,
raised oats, potatoes, turnips and other vegetables, to sustain
themselves the first winter, President Card raising about one
hundred bushels of oats on a patch of land about one and-a-half
acres in area, and this, too, without irrigation. The other fami-
lies raised various quantities ; and as there was but little money
among the people, more than three-fourths of them were forced
to obtain their support from the soil. A way was opened up,
how3ver, through the kindness of Mr. Cochrane, of the Coch-
rane Ranche Co., near Cardston, who needed the services of
several men ; and in October, 1887, the people turned out almost
en masse to put up fifty-five tons of hay for Mr. Cochrane, from
whom they received $6.50 a ton, while others were also engaged
building fences and at other work on Mr. Cochrane's ranch.
This timely assistance put quite a sum of money in circulation,
and enabled the people to buy the necessaries of life, for which
they sent to Lethbridge, about fifty miles away.

It was almost imperative that the new community should
look about for means of providing themselves with fuel for the
winter, and coal was discovered about four miles from the settle-
ment. Wood was also obtained from the banks of Lee's Creek.
On February 16, 1888, President Card, J. A. Woolf and Bishop
George L. Ferrill, started on a trip to prospect for coal, and pro-
ceeded up the creek. President Card's horse slipped on the ice
and fell, and President Card hnrt his knee and ankle quite
severely. The three prospectors were making easy progress,
Mr. Card hobbling along on the frozen creek, when they discov-
ered one of Mr. Cochrane's bulls lying down in a little bend of
the creek. As he was separated from the herd. Bishop Ferrell
thought the animal was injured, and expressing his sympathy

PICTURESQUE CARDSTON AND ENVIRONMENTS.

p. '-»
"I

111! :•

started for the bull to make an investigation. President Card
cautioned his companions against going too close to the animal ;
but the nearer they got to it the farther away on the slippery
ice did President Card hobble. Just then Mr. Bull became
interested ; and as this was his busy day, he bounded to his feet,
and with an angry snort and a vehement swish of his tail, he
lowered his head and started to clear out the intruders. The
bull had a frozen foot that day, or Bishop Ferrill would
undoubtedly have made close connections for the realms
above. The bull escaped uninjured !

The three prospectors, however, soon gathered themselves
together and proceeded farther up the creek, with a result
that a small vein of coal was discovered about six or seven
miles from town. And thus the people were well provided with
fuel for their use and comfort.

A number of the settlers, in company with President Card,
while on their way to attend a church conference in Salt Lake
City in the fall of 1891, had the privilege of riding on the first
through train from Lethbridge to Great Falls, Montana. They
boarded the train at Marias and rode to the terminus of the
Great Falls and Canada railway, the completion of which has
since become of incalculable value to the growing community,
and put a different aspect on affairs.

The patriotism of the new community was also demonstrated
by a rousing celebration of Dominion Day, July 1, 1887, and
with full gratitude to the Destiny which had shaped their ends
and brought them to this delectable land, with loving allegiance
to the Crown and an invincible faith in God and in themselves,
the people laid the foundations (building better than they knew)
for a city and a commonwealth that shall, from their present
combined population of nearly 3,000 souls, rise to magnificent
proportions, extend in every direction, increase in numbers and
yet become one of brightest gems in the Dominion's diadem.
This is the inevitable destiny of Cardston and Southern Alberta;
for when the immigration from Utah and the Rocky Mountain
States is completed, and the tens of thousands of the people now
in Great Britain and on the continent of Europe are directed
hither, there shall be cities and towns spring up and prosper
second to none in the Territories, and Cardston will be the
metropolis, with Lethbridge as the chief and flourishing entre-
pot.

♦ ♦ #

Such was the beginning and such will be the future of
Cardston.

ient Card
le animal ;
i slippery
11 became
)0 his feet,
lis tail, he
lers. The
•ill would
[\e realms

themselves
1 a result
: or seven
vided with

ident Card,
Salt Lake
)n the first
ana. They
inus of the
' which has
community,

monstrated
. 1887, and

their ends

g allegiance

themselves,

they knew)

leir present

magnificent

umbers and

on's diadem.

lern Alberta;

zy Mountain

} people now

are directed

and prosper

will be the
Lshing entre-

le future of

"53

j 1

,111 1

Three Oener<itionn :

Mrs. Zina Young, wife of BH{/ham Young: Mrs. Zinn Young Card, wife oj

President Card ; Miss Zina Card, daughter of Mrs. Card

and granddnutjihtcr of lirigham Young,

Mrs. W. M. Wolaey, of Cardston, Alta.

iilii'!

A PATRIOTIC COMMUNITY.

The latter-day saiiitH, commonly called " Mormons," who have
settled in this distriet of Southern Alberta, have been pioneers
since the very inception of their church nearly seventy years
ago. Their march of progress blazed a trail ever-widening from
the Atlantic to the Pacific shores, until the highway of a nation
followed where they led. Peace and industry wrought trans-
formation scenes everywhere they went, until extinguished
almost, at times, by bloodshed and rapine — crimes they suffered
from at the hands of a rapacious and villainous foe. Yet were
they undismayed. No tearless pathfinder ever coped with
wilder beasts in forest or jungle anywhere, than did the
Mormon people in the forms of their fellow-men in Missouri,
Illinois and elsewhere, while peacefully engaged in subduing the
soil and building eities that added lustre to statehood's star.

All the world knows of their unparalleled journey across the
trackless plains to the Rocky Mountain vales ; how for a dis-
tance of more than a thousand miles their trail was marked by
martyrs graves and the impress of bloody feet. And the world
is to-day witness of their worH as pioneers, not only in planting
the standard of civilization in every frontier of the West, in
founding towns, cities and states, but also in the cause of
religious liberty. Their struggle has ever been against b?gotry
and deviltry, for the rights of conscience and against oppression
in any form, while at the same time they gave full allegiance to
the flag under whose folds they had suffered everything, from
robbery to death, at the hands of lawless mobs. And they gave
this allegiance not only in word, but in deed. Even while the
grea, exodus to the west was in progress, 500 of the flower of
their manhood were sent to join the American army in the
Mexican war, and in the present hostilities in the Phillipine
Islands their artillerymen everywhere v/on praise and admira-
tion for their valor and efficiency.

Freedom is the basis of highest patriotism ; without freedom
it is only froth. And so the Mormon people, blazing the paths
in frontier wilds, sstablishing schools and building cities, com-
bating bigotry pnd promoting spiritual and political liberty, and
proclaiming a message for the betterment of the race, are like-
wise preaching the gospel of patriotism to the people of every
land, not only by precept, but by example. Here in Canada,
therefore, as in Mexico, as it also is in the United States, their
chief temporal aim is good citizenship and truest patriotism.

i I

PROGRESS OF CARDSTON.

• Since the very bej^inning of the Hettloinent Cardston has
enjoyed a steady, Hubstantial growth. The people, or the
majority of them, camo here on waggon trains, or " prairie
schooners," traveling from a distance of eight hundred to one
thousand miles, bringing with them cattle and horses and
household effects, with whicii to begin the work of establishing
themselves in homes or farms. Those who followed, after the
iron horse had ploughetl the way as far as Lethbridge, likewise
brought some of their stock and other effects, yet many of them,
no matter how they came, brought little more capital, as a rule,
than the strength of willing hands. But in their midst they
brought a maiden fairer than Aurora and a man of perfect
mould. " Faith " was the name of the maiden, and her consort's
name was " Industry." Hence Cardston continued to thrive,
and comfortable homes speedily took the place of frontier
tents and log shacks, until to-day the town is substantially built,
and improvement is the order of the hour. Two of the largest
stores in Southern Alberta — the Cardston Co. (Limited) and
H. S. Allen & Co. — both mammoth establishments, do an enor-
mous business, and give profitable employment to an army of
freighters, who ply between Cardston and Lethbridge almost
daily, the freight rate at which they are paid being forty cents
a hundred. A bank was established by C. Edgar Snow, and
offers coiivenient opportunity for financial business. So enter-
prising, also, were the people that they gave a handsome bonus
for the establishment of a newspaper, and The Cardston
Record began its useful and profitable career. N. W. McLeod
is its present editor and publisher.

Two first-class hotels are also in operation, and, though large
and commodious edifices, are inadequate to give entertainment
to all who call, the travel and influx of people being very great.
It has been found necessary, during the past year, for both of
them to be enlarged and additional accommodation secured to
meet the demands made upon them, but still they are not
enough, although the improvements and additions were exten-
sive. This shows the activity and growing importance whicli
Cardston enjoys ; and, as in the hotel business, so is it in every
line of trade and commerce. Everything is flourishing. New
stores and other buildings have been erected by the score the

aton has
5, or the

" prairie
3d to one
n'sea and
tabliHhing

after the
3, likewise
y of them,
, OH a rule,
nidst they
of perfect
»r consort's

to thrive,
of frontier
tially built,

the largest
mited) and
do an enor-
an army of
idge almost
; forty cents
Snow, and
I. So enter-
isome bonus
E Cardston
W. McLeod

though large
ntertainment
y very great.
r, for both ol
on secured to
they are not
8 were exten-
jrtance which

is it in every
rishing. New

the score tho

jS -

l!ll

.-"V-r*.. «■•

PROGRESS OF CARDSTON.

-■'■liik

past year, and building operations are booming even now. A
spacious amusement-hall will be completed at a cost of about
$5,000 before this appears in print ; a handsome business block
is ready for occupancy ; two new drug stores are in courae of
ei*ection ; a large, substantial structure has been built for a new

feneral merchandise and hardware store ; a fifteen thousand
ollar roller flour mill is ready for operation ; a new barracks
for the North-West Mounted Police is in contemplation ; a new
postoffice and immigration building is in view ; and, in the near
future, work will commence on the erection of a magnificent
edifice for public worship — a tabernacle, that it is estimated
will cost $25,000. Other buildings of minor importance are also
in course of construction.

AH of this shows, as could be shown in no more emphatic
way, that Cardston is enjoying a period of unparalleled pros-
perity.

The town is extending rapidly to west and south, the
northern limits being close to the Blood Indian Reservation, so
that extension in that direction is at present impossible.

A board of trade will probably soon be organized to foster and
promote the commercial and industrial interests of the town ; a
new bank is projected ; and it is believed that ere long the rail-
road will extend its line to this 'district, giving more convenient
and cheaper transportation facilities.

Taxes, though seemingly somewhat high, are in reality
comparatively low, because the assessed valuation of property
is far beneath its actual value.

The district enjoys most excellent educational and religious
facilities, Cardston having a well-conducted school, with large
attendance, and three noted teachers, of whom John Ross, B.A.,
is the head — a Presbyterian church, with an able pastor in the
person of Rev. Gavin Hamilton; besides the " Mormon" church,
of which J. A. Hammer is the bishop, with William Wood and
William Duce as his counselors. C. 0. Card, is President of the
" Stake," or the whole church in Southern Alberta, and Thomas
Duce and O. A. Wooley are counselors to him.

The community is a religious one, with nothing whatever of
fanaticism ; for long ago the " Mormon " people were taught by
sad experience, through persecution and bloodshed, the value of
religious tolerance and liberty : and all denominations are free to
establish themselves in their midst, assured of every courtesy
and respect. There is also much culture and refinement among
the inhabitants, and music and art are given every encourage-
ment. In fact, every condition testifies to the morality and high

ill

:,!:|

PICTURESQUE CARDSTON AND ENVIRONMENTS.

standard generally, of the population. The people are sociable,
warm-hearted, generous and hospitable.

Being the commercial, financial and ecclesiastical centre of
this great commonwealth, which the " Mormon " people have
built up, Cardston has forged rapidly ahead, and must always
maintain supremacy as the chief distributing point for the entire
region.

When it is remembered that the first settlement of the town
took place only thirteen years ago, and that little effort had been
made until last year to induce colonization on a large scale, the
growth and rapidly increasing prosperity of the town to its
present status is indicative of a marvelous development for the
future. For when so much has been accomplished in the past
in so short a time, what may not be done when the resources
and attractions of the place have been increased an hundredfold,
and organized effort is made for immigrat'on hither on a
larger scale than ever before — an immigration that this year
will be counted in the thousands ?

The " Mormon " people know, as few other communities do,
the value of irrigation, and with continued and increased
development and cultivation of the country round about, Card-
ston sees before it, not " as in a glass darkly," but clear and
inspiring, a future greater and grander than any other in
Southern Alberta. Surely this is the promised land !

■ ■fs.

llii 1

NEIGHBORING HAMLETS.

It must not be inferred from the foregoing pages that
Cardston is the only village in the commonwealth. There are
numerous settlements progressing rapidly all around. They are
being substantially built up, and offer many inducements to
people in search of pleasant, permanent homes.

Five miles to the south-east is the new hamlet of Mtn&,
which is fast developing into a village of no mean proportions,
and already boasts one of the finest buildings for public worship
of any community similar in size. There is also a splendid
school building, in which is conducted a well-attended school by
Mr. A. McDonald, a capable and painstaking teacher. The
village also has a good-sized general merchandise store, con-
ducted by Mr. Hyrum Hansen, who enjoys a large and lucrative
trade. A Government creamery has been in active operation in

jociable,

jntre of
)le have
, always
le entire

,he town
h&A been
scale, the
vn to its
t for the
the past
resources
adredfold,
ler on a
this year

anities do,
increased

)Out, Card-
clear and

^ other in

pages

that

There are
They are
icements to

st of iEtna,
proportions,
blic worship
a splendid
;d school by
icher. The
„ store, con-
^nd lucrative
operation in

V
^

|:IJ I

»s

"«

•^

•9

■^Kd

•«*

«0

-«

■Jj

Su ^

2^^

jj o

era

■?»

<X)

^«>a

li'liyiHI,

it*

101

bui

;

tre

' i

,di

lot
hu

k M

^:.

ie.

NEIOHBORINQ HAMLETS.

the neighborhood during the past veer, under the direction of
Mr. J. A. Dangerfield, which proved a considerable boon to the
people, all of whom are chiefly engaged in farming and stock-
raising and are prosperous and happy. There are many elegant
residences in .^cna, the largest and most attractive of them
being Mr. R. A. Filling's, Mr. Shaw's and Bishop Hansen's. Mr.
Pilling is one of the most substantial citizens of the place, as
indeed are the others, and his home, situated close to the banks
of the broad and sparkling St Mary's river, as viewed from the
heights on the other side of the stream, forms a strikingly

Eicturesque scene. So, also, does the chai ming tree-embowered
ome of Consular Agent Shaw, a picture of whose place appears
elsewhere in this book, and many others are equally attractive
I in various ways. A community composed of such men as
[Bishop Hansen, Hyrum P. Hansen, Richard A. Pilling, Richard
Pilling, William Perrey, George M. Hudson, C. F. Jenson,
Morgan L. Hinman, P. R. Skower, Daniel K. Greene, Jolm
jFurman, the Cooks', Matkin's, Leishman's, Gregeon's, and many
others, all of whom are enterprising, progressive citizens, must
[inevitably become great in importance and develop soon into a
[busy, bustling, populous town. Lots and lands are cheap, and
bhe present population numbers /about 400 souls.

Leavitt, to the west, is another flourishing hamlet, and is
iow taking on a more than usual degree of importance. A post
;)ffice has just been established, and the place is gradually being
lecked with the convenient habilaments of a town. The
Leavitt Brothers, of this ward, are busy erecting a commodious
building in which to establish a mercantile business, and there
|ire other flourishing bnsin esses carried on. A good school is
admirably conducted by Miss Tracy Ball, who belongs to the
noted scholastic Ball family of Ontario. There is a progressive
qhurch organization, which looks after the temporal and
||)iritual wants of the growing community ; and a flourishing
Sunday school. Frank Leavitt is bishop, Charles Quinton and
khomas R. Leavitt are his first and second counselors respec-
|vely, and A[r. Spence is the Sunday school superintendent,
jhe good people of Leavitt extend a cordial invitation to all
3e''ing permanent homes to come and join them in the work of
lilding up an attractive, prosperous town.

|| Mountain View is the most populous settlement next to
||ardston in this immediate district. It is situated about
^*venteen miles distant from Cardston, close to the foothills of

PICTURESQUE CARDHTON AND ENVIRONMENTS.

I V'

lillJIiili

the Rocky Mountains, and near to large areaH of good timber.
It has a fine stock country around it and is picturesque and
inviting in location. There are excellent religious and educa-
tional facilities, both the Presbyterian and " Mormon " church
having meeting houses, and there is a good public school in
charge of a competent teacher. The inhal)itants are progressive
and comparatively well-to-do, as a rule, and, like all other
" Mormon " comnmnities, are industrious and enterprising. The
bishopric is composed of V. I. Stewart, bishop, Joseph H. Gold,
first counselor and James S. Parker, second counselor, who
preside over " Mormon " ecclesiastical affairs, while the Rev.
Gavin Hamilton, of Cardston, provides spiritual food for the
Presbyterian communicants. There is a good general merchan-
dise store conducted by Samuel J. Layton, who also is post-
master, and a thriving business is done. The town is growing
and expanding to such an extent that the larger stock men are
moving their hords farther away into the open country. There
is plenty of room; however, for all intending settlers to make
their home amongst the people, and town lots are cheap,
whilst taxes are infinitesimal.

Close to Mountain View the little village of Caldwell is
located, and it is a place of unusual vigor and enterprise, its
inhabitants making bold efforts in the line of progress and
inducing increased population. The site of the town is quite
attractive, and the place is being substantially built up. Theie
are many cosy, comfortable, well-appearing homes, with spacious
lots, and a new mercantile business has just been established by
Messrs. James A. Terry & Son. These enterprising citizens
are also engaged in operating the only sawmill in the district
and logging crews have been busy the last few months getting
out logs for the present season's run. Lumber and building
material are, therefore, conveniently at hand, and the townsite
company is offering every inducement to people to come and
settle there. The bishopric of the ward consists of D. E. Cald
well, bishop, James A. Terry, first counselor, and D. H. Cald
well, second counselor.

Kimball Ward is the name of a new ecclesiastical divisior.
which embraces all of the country south of the St. Mary's rive
to the boundary line, and east to the Milk river ridge. Tli
ward is composed of branches, or groups of ranches, that wi'
ultimately be formed into distinctive settlements and ward
and at present comprise a population of 230 souls. The leadiii

xl timber.
cBque and
tud educa-
)n " church
; school in
progressive
3 all other
ising. 'f^®
ph H. Gold,
iselor, who
,\e the Rev.
:ood for the
al merchan-
also is post-
1 is growing
ock men are
ntry. Then^
lers to make
8 are cheap,

f Caldwell is
enterprise, its
progress and
town is quite
ilt up. There
, with spacious

established by
.rising citizens
in the district,
months getting
c and building
id the townsite
le to come ano
s of D. K. CaW-
nd D. H. Cald

jiastical division
St. Mary's rive
liver ridge, il);
anches, that w ^^
lents and wavd^ -
lis. The leadiu

Mia

*' ■ *"

Mrs. Zina Young Card, Mrs. Susie Young Oates.

Two brilliant and noted daughters of Brigham Young, the former the

beloved "Aunt Zina," of Cardston, Alta., and the latter the

talented Editor of the " Young Woman's

Journal," of Utah, U.8.A.

!!:i!

f^-

NEIQHBORINO HAMLETS.

settlers are John M. Dunn, Jedtdiah H. Kimball, Don Kimball,
James H. Taylor, Hugh R. Sloan, L. Spencer, Carl L. Anderson,
D. S. Duiiuaii, William T. Ainscough, Thomas H. Woolford,
Magnus Holm, J. R. Kimball, the Pilling families, James L.
Taylor, and many others of equal worth. The ward was
organized on Sunday, December 25, 1899, by Patriarchs Henry
Hinman and J. A. Woolf, and President Thomas Duce, of Card-
ston, the programme having been arranged by President Charles
O. Card pr'=*vious to his departure for Utah that month. Mr.
John M. Dunn was made bishop of the ward, which, at present,
alLj includes the branches of Duncan and Anthony. There are
many model ranches in this district, and the people are contented
and industrious.

Coming down th e canal towards the railway, which is fifty
miles distant, we arrive at the new town of Magrath, situate
ahout half-way. This town was settled only about nine months
ago (in May, 1899), but its progress has been most noticeable.
Already it has a population of fully 300 substantial farmers and
stockmen, while about sixty neat and attractive dwellings have
been erected; some of them have as many as seven and ten
rooms respectively. Several men of considerable wealth have
located here, and altogether a splendid "vitnre for the place is
assured. All around the town there is a mtignificent stretch of
rich, level land, comprising thousands and thousands of acres,
all susceptible to irrigation, and in this neighborhood there is
no likelihood of congestion for many years to come, notwith-
standing there will be thousands of people locate there during
the next few years. Land is selling here at present for three
to live dollars an acre, but as soon as the canal is in active
operation, which will be within the next three or four months,
the land will rapidly increase in price. A large mercantile
establishment has been for several months enjoying a prosper-
ous trade, which is increasing every month. The company has
just completed a new two- story building, the lower part being
occupied by the store, and the upper room for school and meet-
ing purposes. The bishop of Magrath is Levi Harker, his first
counselor Ammon Mercer, and his second Mr. Bennett. An
excellent day school is conducted by Zebulon W. Jacobs, a
talented teacher, and under his care and direction the pupils are
making rapid progress. Mr. Jacobs is a nephew of President
and Mi-8. C. 0. Card. He is also the Magrath correspondent of
The Cardston Record. The town presents a bustling, go-
ahead appearance, and ere long it will be one of the chief towns

PICTURESQUE CARDSTON AND ENVIRONMENTS.

of Southern Alberta. The proposed new railroad will connect
the town with Stirling and Cardston this year, it is thought,
and bring with it increased advantages.

Stirling, on the railroad, and also on the great Irrigation
Canal, is another prosperous settlement, only ten months' old, it
having been established in April, 1899. It, too, is progressing
rapidly and promises to be an active business centre. A large
general store has been opened by Theodore Brandley, a man of
high character and substantial worth, and here every necessity
of life almost, can be obtained at moderate prices. Building
operations are active, and the town is most attractive in
appearance. It already has a population of several hundred,
and is assured of a heavy increase before many months shall
have passed away. Some of the leading spirits of 'e place are
Bishop Theodore Bradley, and his two counse.ors, Messrs.
Faucett and Grant, Leonard .G. Hardy, formerly bishop of a
Ward in Salt Lake City, William Hardy, who is also superin-
tendent of the Sabbath school, and the peou^** generally are of
broad, progressive caliber, resourceful and enterprising. An
excellent public school is in good running order under Mr.
Schutt, a man of high mental attainments, and is well-attended.
Stirling is a good place to live in, and will ere long take a
prominent position among the towns of this growing common-
wealth.

THE COUNTRY'S ADVANTAGES.

Southern Alberta may aptly be described in the langu-
age of Holy Writ, as " a land of brooks of water, of fountains and
depths, that spring out of valleys and hills: i land wherein
thou shalt eat bread without scarceness; then ^ -uit not lack
anything in it." It also stands unrivalled aui jr j the stock
countries of the world. The country is level, ope^ prairie in
the eastern portion, but it is much broken along the western
side by the foothills of the Rockies. Cattle and horses graze
out all the year round, instinctively finding shelter in the
bottom lands whenever needed, and hay is easily and cheaply
secured as provision for weak stock. With good management
the profits to stockmen are large, in late years $35 to $40 per
head being paid for steers on the ranges, the animals only
costing their owners the interest on the original investment iti

connect
thought,

rrigation
18 old, it
ogressing
A large
El man of
necessity
Building
ractive in
I hundred,
Qths shall
} place are
8, Messrs.
shop of a
JO superin-
lUy are of
rising. An
under Mr.
11-attended.
ong take a
,g common-

i the langu-
ountains and
^nd wherein
uit not lack
Hi/' the stock
lA prairie in
the western
horses graze
tielter in the
and cheaply
management

^35 to $40 per
animals only
investment in

1 .,

■t<

'. ,• f

V' •'-

Chauhcey Edgar Snow, Bather of Cardston, Alta.,

and son of President Lorenzo Snow,

of the '* Mormon" Church.

r * ■*

THE country's ADVANTAGES.

stocking the ranch and their share of the annual roundup.

Large bands of young stock are annually brought in from

Ea&tern Canada and some of the Western American States, to

be fattened on the ranges, the profits being sufficiently large to

amply recompense the re-shipment, after fattening, to Europe

and other eastern markets. Mixed farming is successfully

[carried on pretty generally throughout the district, and will

largely increase as irrigation operations are extended. At

various places the dairy industry is rapidly developing. Though

a large portion of Southern Alberta is bare of timber for fuel,

this lack is amply compensated for by an inexhaustible supply

of coal of excellent Quality, which crops out at many points

(along the steep banks of the streams that plentifully water the

I country.

I The principal towns of Alberta are Lethbridge, Macleod,
lOkotoks, High River, Cardston and Pincher Creek i" the south,
fCalgary in the centre, Canmore, Anthracite and Banff in the
west, and Olds, Innisfail, Red Deer, Lacombe, Wetaskiwin,
South Edmoaton, Edmonton, l^^ort Saskatchewan and St. Albert
dn the north.

i CATTLE RAISING.

There are countless herds of fat cattle on the ranges of

l^Southem Alberta which, at any season, are neither fed nor

l^heltered; cattle, too, which in point of breeding, size and

'general condition, are equal, if not superior, to any range

ittle in the world. Shorthorns, Herefords and Polled Angus

3lack and red of the latter), are the chief breeds. There are

%|ome Holsteins and Ayrshires, but they are not generally used

;lxcept where dairying is the main desideratum. For the small

, jtock breeds, where dairying and beef producing must naturally

hand in hand, probably a good milking strain of Shorthorns

rill be found the most profitable.

To illustrate the class of cattle produced, it may be mentioned

liat a train load of four-year-old steers from the Cochrane ranch,

ifter being driven 140 miles, and shipped by rail 2,300 miles

Montreal, weighed at the end of the trip on the average 1,385

)unds. Four-year-olds and long threes have, during the past

)ur years, netted the owners from $40 to S45 on the range ;

Jjbiree-year-old and good cows, $32 to $37 each; old cows, from

li24 to $28. Calves from six to eight months' old are worth $10

^ $14. Bulls for breeding purposes are imported chiefly from

j|le eastern provinces of Canada and Great Britain. Breeding

in I

PICTURESQUE CARDSTON AND ENVIRONMENTS.

I iliiiw

ill

hill

enterprises for furnithing bulls, under the management of
experienced men, would doubtless prove profitable ventures,
and several are already being carried on, furnishing a class of
stock not exceeded by many of the older established breeding
farms of the east. The outlay in cattle ranging is meeting with
satisfactory and encouraging reward, there being ready sale at
the ranches. In Northern Alberta this branch is but in its
infancy, but is developing rapidly. The local market annually
consumes from eighteen to twenty thousand beeves, with a
growing demand, while the great markets of the world are
within easy access. The number shipped for England is
annually increasing.

HORSE RAISING.

In breeding horses, Alberta occupies a somewhat similar posi-
tion to Canada that Kentucky does to the United States. Owing
to the high altitude, the dry and invigorating atmosphere, short
and mild winters, and its nutritious grasses and inexhaustible
supply of clear, cold water, it is pre-eminently adapted for
breeding horses, and the .A.lberta animal has already become
noted for endurance, lung power and perfect freedom from
hereditary and other diseases. There are in Alberta several
grades of horses, varying in point of quality from the hardy
Indian pony (cayuse) to the beautiful, well-formed thorough-
bred. Thoroughbreds from Great Britain and Kentucky,
Clydesdales from Scotland, Percherons from France and
trotting stock from the United States, have been imported
at great expense, and the result is that the young horse of
Alberta will compare with any in Canada, and finds a ready
market in England and Belgium. Good three-quarter bred
Clydes and Shires, which at maturity will weigh 1,400 to
1,600 pounds, have been selling, at three years' old, readily for
$75 to $85. Good quality of other classes bring from $40 to
$100. During 1896 Alberta-bred horses carried off all the prin-
cipal events they were entered in in Montana and other
Western States against fastest stock of North-western America.

SHEEP RAISING.

For sheep, there are thousands of acres of rich grass lands,
well watered, and adapted in every way for first-class mutton
and fine wool, where cold rains and dust storms, so injurious to
the fleeces, are almost unknown. There is a railway through

jinent of
ventures,
I class of

breeding
ting with
iy sale at
but in its
, annually
!8, with a

world are
Ingland

imilar posi-
tes. Owing
phere, short
lexhaustible
adapted for
ady become
eedoui from
lerta several
1 the hardy
d thorough-
Kentucky,
France and
en imported
ng horse oi
nds a ready
quarter bred
,gh 1,400 to
f readily for
[from $40 to
all the prin-
|a and other
sin America.

Residence of Customs Officer Shaw, Cardaton, Alta.

grass lands,
l-class mutton

injurious to
[way through

.if'

Sitperintendent M. I). Hammond.

«>

"'Vl

I . )<

! ' .1

THE COUNTKY's ADVANTAGES.

the centre of the grazing hinds and markets for mutton and
wool are within reach. The clear, dry, bracing air of the coun-
try Huits sheep, which suffer from little or no disease. Sheep
mature early, owing to the tine quality of the grass. To winter
them safely, good, warm, roomy sheds, plenty of hay (ten tons
to the 100 head), and attention, are all that is wanted. The
popular breeds are Shrops and Downs, and in most cases they
are crossed with Merinos. During the last decade many
hundreds of thousand cattle, sheep and hones have been raised
in the southern half of Alberta on the rich grasses, without any
feeding or shelter other than the .shelter found along the hill-
sides or in clumps of trees on the bottom lands. The cattle and
sheep when taken off' the pasture are fat, and fit for any
butcher's shop in the world, and the horses are in capital
1 condition.

MINERALS.

Alberta possesses untold wealth in her immense mineral
[deposits. For years past gold in paying quantities has been
[found on the banks and bars of the North and South Saskatche-
[wan and in the Pembina, Smoky, Macieod and Athabasca rivers.
Jold colors are found in many streams and rivers in Alberta,
jftrge veins of galena have been located, which are pronounced
by experts to contain a large percentage of silver. Capital
iftlone is wanting to make them treasures of wealth to the coun-
try. Copper ore in enormous (juantities has also been found,
;|iai(l to contain sixty per cent, of pure copper. Iron ore has been
cfli.scovered in various parts of Alberta. A forty-foot seam of
VJbematite iron, said to contain sixty-seven per cent, of iron,
^exists at the base of Storm Lountain, quite close to the Cana-
iBian Pacific Railway line, und other large seams exist in the
^ijfacleod district, in the vicinity of Crow's Nest Pass. As to the
quai^tity of the ooal deposits of Alberta, it is impossible to form
iiny es*;imate, the whole country being underlaid with ricJv
ifleposit" of anthracite, bituminous, semi-bituminous and lignite.
~?he coal mines already discovered are of sufficient extent to
ipply Canada with fuel for centuries. Lignites are now mined
Medicine Hat, Cypress Hills, Red Deer, Otoskiwan, Edmon-
)n, Sturgeon river and Victoria, and are obtained at the pit's
louth at from 65c. to $2.50 per ton, according to the demand —
Hie greater the sale, the lower the price. The semi-bituminous
mined at Lethbridge (where $1,500,000 have been invested),
)t Hole, Milk River Ridge, Woodpecker, Crowfoot and Knee

|u 'Ml

PICTURESQUE CARDSTON ANO ENVIRONMENTS.

Hill Creek, and is obtained at from $1.50 to $3.00 per ton. The
true bituminous is mined at Waterton river, Pincher Creek, on
each of the South, Middle and North branches of the Old Man
liver, Sheep Creek, Fish Creek, Bow river and Canmore, and
fetches similar prices to the semi-bituminous. Anthracite is
mined at Anthracite (four miles from Banff), and is sold aboard
cars at from $2 to $5 per ton, according to grade. There are
extensive collieries at Lethbridge, Canmore and Anthracite.
The Government issues permits to mine on Dominion lands at
the following royalties : Ten cents per ton for lignites, fifteen
cents for bituminous, and twenty cents for anthracite. Soft
coal is so plentiful that the certainty of a cheap fuel supply is
assured to Alberta for all time to come. There are almost
innumerable veins of coal in the neighborhood of Cardston,
and all of the settlements are within easy distance of first-class
coal.

It may also be of interest to state that good oil wells have
recently been discovered in the Kootenay district, about thirty-
five miles froii» Cardston. The oil oozes over a large area,
flowing over a rocky bed until the waters of the Kootenay lake
are reached. There are five natural reservoirs of the petroleui..
on one section of land all close together, and this is taken as an
indication that at or near this pomt the main flow will be found.
While there are large quantities of the petroleum continually
oozing into these reservoii-s, a large amount seeps down hill to
the creek banks, as it passes through the sub-strata of the soil,
and gives one some idea of the volume that proper development
would secure. As it is, fully forty gallons of the oil can be
drawn from the reservoirs in a day. The oil is said to be
superior to neatsfoot oil for many purposes, and it is estimated
that a strong flow could be obtained at a depth of 150 feet,
The work of development, however, has not yet begun, as
sufficient capital has not been secured.

A gentleman who recently returned from the " Ceded Strip,'
which was acquired from the Blackfoot reservation a little more
than a year ago, and reports that there was much mining
activity in that district. This camp is about thirty miles soutli
west of Cardston. He states that there are some extremclv
promising mines in that locality, and contracts have been let by
a syndicate to run a tunnel on the Josephine and Bull's Heac
mines. This will soon be followed by other developments on a
large scale which will demonstrate the richness of the mines ii
that rich section. These mines have been known to exist to:
many years prior to the opening of the " Strip " and ar

' 'v

on. The
:3reek, on
Old Man
aore, and
tiracite is
Id aboard
There are
Anthracite,
n lands at
tes, fifteen
ycite. Soft
I supply is
are almost
f Cardston,
,t' first-class

wells have
,bout thirty-
, large area,
jotenay lake
le petroleui" :
taken as an
ft'ill be found.
1 continually
down hill to
a of the soil.

development

le oil can be
is said to be
is estimated
of 150 feet,
et begun, as

J Ceded Strip,'
[n a little mor-^

much mining
ty miles south
ame extren\ely
itve been let by
fd Bull's Hertc
Wopments on a
If the mines "

rn to exist to
Jtrip" ai^d ar

,: 1

Stjlveder Low, of Carddon, Clerk of the
Alberta Sttike.

! I

!>«.

-3

l::;

> .

THK COUNTKYS ADVANTAUKS.

principally owned by men wlio have been patiently wuitinjj
the time when they could obtair. the coveted posHession.

The precious metals have also been found in close proximity
to Cardston, not ouly in ledges and fissure veins but in aurif-
erous gravel beds, known as placer diggings. The fact that
mining implements of early prospectors have been picked up
close by the base of " Old Chief Mountain," sluice-boxes also
having been found in that section of the country, shows that
gold must have been found in paying ((uantities; but the sluice-
boxes must have been constructed and used long before Cards-
ton was in existence; and it is quite probable that hostile
Indians were the cause of these pioneer miners' exit. Yet it
may be that other fields were more alluring, and that with suffi-
cient dust secured from some unknown placer diggings in the
neighborhood of Lee's Creek, they took their departure satisfied.
Who can tell ? Nevertheless, the evidence of these early mining
operations exist to-day ; and while no serious effort has yet
been made to discover the exact location of these auriferous
beds, which were undoubtedly some distance from the creek, it
is only a question of time when they will be found.

IRRIGATION AND FARMING.

When once the great Irrigation Canal from the St. Mary's
river to the town of Stirling — a distance of fifty miles, and
thence to Lethbridge, a farther distance of thirty' miles — shall
have been completed, it will bring under cultivation many thou-
sands of acres of as ricli. land as can be found anywhere. In
the more humid districts in the vicinity, and south of Cardston,
cereals are raised without irrigation in rich abundance, notwith-
standing the fact that the area cultivated is comparatively
limited. But the vast region stretching away from Cardston to
the north for fifty miles, will, with irrigation, prove to be equal
to the wheat lands of Dakota, if not in their extensiveness in
the quality and average quantity of the grain produced per acre.
Moreover, it will be demonstrated that nowhere in the North-
West can diversified farming be jarried on to better advantage
than here. The possibility of fruit growing on these farming
lands would also be established as being both a profitable and
desirable industry in connection with agricultural pursuits.
There are several places in Southern Alberta where fruit-trees
do not thrive, because of altitude and climatic conditions, but it
has been conclusively proved by actual results that, in Cardston

l'ICTUUE.syUE CARDSTON AND ENVIRONMENTS.

und neighbor hood, cultivuted Hinall t'ruitH grow and bear splen-
didly. It in also conceded that this district leads in the beauty
and bounteousnesH of its garden truck ; and the most luscious,
large and piquant strawberries are also grovn. The strawberry
also grows wild everywhere in such ({uantities as to be beyond
the capacity to estimate, the very hay-fields looking like a field
of blood when the hay is cut, with the juices of this queen of
berries painting the soil. Of the cultivated kind, Mrs. Zina
Young Card, of Cardston, last year raised strawberries as large
as the best California berry, but hers possessed more piijuancy
and deliciousness than that. As to currants and gooseberries,
Mr. J. A. Anderson, of Cardston, had bushes last year whose
branches were broken by the load of fruit they bore; while in
garden truck, Messrs. J. A. Woolf, William Wood, Bishop J. A.
Hammer, and others, fairly revelled in the luxuriousness and
variety of their vegetable crops. President Thomas Duce also
had one of the finest vegetable gardens in Cardston last year.
Potatoes, turnips, corn and beets are produced in prodigious
quantities, all without irrigation, in this part of the district ; and
it is no dream to say that with the irrigation canal in operation,
passing, as it does, through thousands of acres of the richest
land and through a district milder and better adapted for agri-
cultural and horticultural pursuits than the older settlements in
many respects, the results will be marvelous. The region
between Stirling and Magrath, two new thriving and prosperous
towns located on the canal, is about two weeks earlier than the
region around Cardston in the ripening and harvesting of fruits
and crops ; and with abundance of water, which the canal
insures, it must surely be transformed into a veritable Eden.

While the district is principally a stock country, the greatest
and more universal benefits to the various communities will be
derived from diversified farming ; and as this is the intention of
the thousands of settlers who have come here, and the many
thousands who are preparing to come in the near future from
the Rocky Mountain States, the prosperity and rapid develop-
ment of this great region is assured. The Canal Company offers
intending settlers every inducement foi the irrigation of theii"
lands and at minimum cost ; and as there are thousands of acres
available which can be secured at nominal prices, no place in all
the North-West presents more unbounded promise of success,
happiness and prosperity to all who cast their lots with us, if
they bring faith and industry with them, than does this part of
Southern Alberta,

,v splen-
B beauty
luscious,
rawberry
e beyond
ke a tield
i (jueen of
Sdrs. Zina
8 as large
piquancy
osebei'vieH,
ear whose
; while in

ishop J- ^•
usness and
, Duce also
1 last year.
prodij;iou8
istrict; and
n operation,
the richest
^ed for agri-
fttlements in
The region
(I prosperous
lier than the
ing of fruits
ih the canal
ble Eden.

the greatest
nitiea will be
e intention ot
,nd the many
1- future from
apid develop-
ompany offers
■ation of their
;8and8 of acres
no place in all
ise of success
ots with us, it
)e8 this part ot

s
S
1

.IS

•i

Robert HamHhottom, J. P.,
Notnty Pnblic and Comtninnioner^ Catddon, Alln.

<*:!;

(ttr

:.V'

the
of

BIOGRAPHICAL AND COMMERCIAL.

fBhl KATHKU OF CAItDSTON.
Charlen Ora Card,

To President Charles Ora Card, is
due all honor for the successful
establishment, under Providence, of
the flourishing settlement of Card-
ston and surrounding hamlets. The
sagacity of his selection has become
clearer with the unfolding of the
years, and seldom has greater energy,
indomitable will and personal sacri-
fice been called for than that which
has characterized the labors of
President Card, with the aid of his
cultured and devoted wife, Mrs.
Zina Young Card, in fostering the
growth and promoting the prosperity
of this commonwealth.

Charles Ova Card was born on
November 5, 1889, at the confluence
of CAnavSargia and Sugar Creeks, in
'ssiau Townsliip, Allegany County, State of New York, and
ived there till eight years of age. He then accompanied his
jgarents to Park Centre, St. Joseph County, Michigan, where the
Ipmily resided for tliree .md-a-hulf years. Here the subject
j|F this brief sketch attended the county school, but was again
lied to accompany his parents back to the old home in Ossian
'ownship, New York. They stayed but a short time there,
However, proceeding thence to Whitney's Crossing, Burns
'pwnsiiip, New York, where they remained till April, 1856.
e you '^ man had then attained the age of seventeen, and
d receiv his education at the public schools of the various
||>unties in which his parents had sojourned, but in the year
t mentioned, 1856. the family turne<l their footsteps toward
setting sun. coining with the first company of handcarts that
<i|p8sed the plains. *nd .settled in Salt Lake valley at Farming-
tUV, Davis County Utah, wheri they continued to "eside till
^l!hrch, 1860. In ti»e fal. of the previous year, however, Charles,
Hilliig then twenty year*, of age. proceeded to Cache Valley, in
tbe north of Ftah at the inntance of his parents, and built one
ttf-tli" ^v^ hooMef) frjr his father in the settlement, which is now

m '

i ■

PICTURESC^UE CAUDSTON AND ENVIRONMENTS.

the beautiful and Houriahing city ot* Logan. Thirty families
had arrived there that fall, 1859, and thus President Card was
also a pioneer of that magnificent valley. His father's family
removed to Logan in the spring of i860, and here President
Card resided until coming to Canada in the spring of 1887,
when he located his homestead and pre-emption claims which
now comprise the north half of the present town of Cardston.

While living in Cache Valley,
President Card was the life and
energy of the settlements there, and
for fourteen years superintended the
erection of the great Logan Temple
and the Logan Tabernacle, besides
being identified with every move-
ment calculated to enhance the
peace and prosperity of the people.
For the first few years he was also
an active member of the Minute
Company of the Militia, holding the
comii'ission of Captain, and when he
retir«»d was on the staff of Colonel
Ricks, ranking as Major.

Since founding Cardston, and tak-
ing up his residence here. President
Card and )us estimable wife have
been untiring in their efforts for the settlement, development
and up-building of these communities, and verily have they
been both father and mother to a large and growing flock
Their labors, liowever, have been like bread cast upon the water
and their reward is sure.

Mra. C. O. Card.

BISHOP .TOSIAH A. HAMMER.

One m Cardston's most prominent pioneers is Josiah A
Hammer, whase portrait and residence appear in the pages of tlii>
book. He is bishop of the Cardston ecclesiastical ward of tlit
" Mormon " Church, and is a comparatively wealthy stock-raistr
and a shrewd business man. He is a stockholder and directo:
in the Cardston Co., Limited, the pioneer mercantile institutio:
of the town, and was the first Overseer of t^e village, bein.
unanimously elected to that honorable position. Under hi
I'ftfime the town has rapidly improved, and an era of notal';

families
^ard was
•'8 family
President

r of 1887,
nis which
ardston.

O. Card.

development

y have they

owing flo^^
on the water

is Josiah A

^e pages

of tbi

il ward of tl
ly stock-raisi!
Ir and directo
[tile institutio;
village, bein,
in. Under hi
lera of notiiV

•^

Rev. Oarin HnmiUoHf
Preabyterian Minister of Cnrdston, Altn.

* I

.:i|:i:

|(|(M>UAi>HI«'AL AS1> COMMKKCIAL.

development usherod in. The genial bishop and his estflrined
wife are typical of CardHton's ujohI Hul»Mtantial pooplf.

REV. OAVIN HAMILTON.

The pastor of the Cardston PruHbyterian Church, Kov. Gavin
Hamilton, whose portrait appears herewith, was bom in Njw
Brunswick and educated at Dalhonsie Collesfe and Theoloi;ica'
Hal Halifax, He had charj»es at Brookfield, Nova Scotia, and
Dalhouaie, N«;w Brunswick, but resij^ned his last charge on
account of throat troubkn and came West tor the l)enefit of his
health. He located at Macleod, September 5, 1891, and took
charjjo of the Presbyterian church at that place. His prede-
ces.sor had a congregation of on\y five people. The prospects
seemed rather grim. The first six months of his pastorate only
$50 revenue was derived from the church, and Mi Hamilton was
also permitted to sweep out the church hini.self for a whole year.
But perseverance finally overcauie, and the next year the
revenue was increased to 6646, while the year following it
mounted up to SI, 200. At the end of the fii-st six months tlie
congregation wjis increased from five to ninety, and the attend-
ance thereafter increased to an average of 100.

Mr. Hamilton came to Cardston on April 2!i, 1897, when no

manse or church except the " Latter-Day Saints " was in exist-

,}?L«nce. A lot was bought, however, from Sterling Williams, and

|*the present manse completed on December 15, 1897. The

'Wchurch edifice was also finished and the first service.'* held on

^June 19, 1898. The Kev. J. P. Grant, of Maple Creek, preached

jijn the afternoon and evening, and there were about 200 people

'present. The church is conveniently fitted up and is .supplied

^with a good organ. The cost of the lot and >K)th buildings was

^ .^2,250, the building being done by J. C. Cahoon, now of the

r iumber firm of Rose & Cahoon. The manse is a neat, substan-

iP^pial building of six rooms, and nicely finished.

The first church board was organized on Sunday evening,
February 18, 1900, consisting of five members. J. J. Orton is
chairman, J. C. Johnston is secretary-treasurer, and the other
members are L. H. Bonnell, R. M. Armstrong and H. D'Arc.
Services have been held regularly ever since the church was
opened, and services liave aLso been held alternately at St.
Mary's and Mountain View, by Mr. Hamilton. There is, there-
V ^IP*"^^' considerable traveling in this field to be done, from twtnity-
«ve to thirty-five miles a day once each week. The church at

1
1

' 1

IM("rrUK.S</rK (•AKDMTON AN'D EXVIKONMKXTS.

Ill]

! I

St. Mary'H whh opened on May 24, 1895, the Rev. Mr. McKillop,
of Lethbrid^e, preucliinj^ tlie Heiinon. The building,; is 30 x 22,
and JH t'ui-niHhed with ^ootl seat.s and a new orj^an. At Moun-
tain View the churcli building was bouj^dit of Mr. 1). H. Cox,
and iH 40 x 24 feet in nize.

The Rev Mr. Hamilton, with the aid of his devoted and
acconipliHhed wife, ha.s done nuieh for the eHtablislnnent of
Presbyterianisuj in tluH newly .settled region, and iH also a
broad-minded, progressive citizen, ever ready to aid any move-
ment having in view the public welfare, so that he is highly
esteemed and ttdmired not only by his connnunicants, but by all
who know him.

IIKBKU S. ALLKN.

The subject of this sketch is noted as one of the most
sagacious and successful business men, and the leading mer-
clianc of Cardston. His rapid rise in the commercial world has
been Napoleonic, but it has been thoroughly earned. Heber S.
Allen was born at Hyrum, Utah, on December 26, 1864, and
resided there until twenty-four years old. In 1888 he came to
Cardston and entered the employ of the Cardston Co-Operative
Company August 8, 1889, remaining with the company four years.
In 189H, Mr. Allen embarked in business for himself, opening a
store in two rooms of his house with a stock of $4,000, mo.st of
which, however, was bought on "time." When six months had
passed, his father entered into partnership with him, and a paid
up capital of S7,000 was secured. The business was conducted
for one year in the two rooms, but a new two-story building
25 X 50 feet, with basement, was finished in July, 1894, and the
stock moved in. It was not long, howevt^r, until this structure
proved to be totally inadequate for the increasing demands of
the business, and in 1896 a large addition was made to the
premises. But the years repeated their previous experience,
and more room was needed, so in 1898 the large north side
addition was erected to the building. An immense stock of
merchandise of every description is carried, and the trade done
by H. S. Allen & Co. (really only H. S. Allen), is prodigious.
The firm has also a one-half interest in the new Cardston Roller
Mills, just built at a cost of $15,000, the other half-interest
being owned by Mr. Eph Harker, of Cardston.

Mr. Allen and his popular wife weie the first couple married
in Cardston. Mrs. Allen was then Miss Amy Leonard, and the

IcKillop,
30 X 22,

Lt Moun-
li. Cox,

)ted and
nnent oi
iH also a
,ny move-
iH highly
, bv all

but by

the most
iding iner-
l world han
Heber S.
, 1864, and
iie came to
o-Operative
f four years,
f, opening a
>00, most ol
months had
I, and a paid
,s conducted
ory building;
894, and the
lis structure
demands of
■nade to the
J experience
e north sidt
snse stock o
e trade done
is prodigious,
.rdston Roller
half-interest

mple marrietl
nard, and the

•2

;■■■♦

•if.

Heher S. Allen, Leading Memhnnt,
Qodston, Attn.

*'A

■/x

'\m

dimmissioner Hi'trhin>'r, of thf Noffli-lVpxt Mounted Poliie,

ini

ui
Mi

daJ

.iam

BUMJUAI'HICAL AND COMMERCIAL.

iweddin^' took place on April 2. 1889. She also wore the first
[tlress juade in Cardston from ffoods hion^dit to town by the
)ioneer store, and tlie genial manager, I'resident C. O. Card,
irave her a stick of candy for advertising his goods.

SAMUEL II HORNER.

Cardston's first .saddle and harness-n)aking store was estah-
Bshed in the fall of 1898 by Mr. 8. H. Horner, who removed
rom LethWridge, where he had been in btisine.ss for a period of
iglit yearH. He wtus born in Dublin, Ireland, but came to
Canada when young in years. He learned his trade in Hamil-
)n anil Dundas, Ontario, and became expert at the business.
Ir. Horner then joined the North-West 5lounted Police force,,
id remained with it for fifteen years, and when he resigned he
jld the rank of Saddler- Major. As a thorough saddle and
irne.ss-maker, Mr. Horner has no superior in the North- West,
id since Iwating in Cardston, has met with well-deserve<l
iccess. His portrait appears herewith.

JAMES P. LOW.

h(j subject of this sketch was born at Salt Lake City, May
1866, but went to Cache Valley, Utah, when quife younj%
father, Sylvester Low, being the pioneer miller of Cach ?
county and, in fact, of Utah. Young James was educated al
the public schools and was graduated also from the Utah
Dfttiversity in the class of '81. He taught school for a while
Mid then entered the mercantile busintss, in which he has since
remained. His first training in this line, however, was received
when a boy of thirteen, being employed for two years in the old
co-operative store of Smithfield, tJtah. On relinquishing school
teaching, he took charge of Richardson's general store in Smith-
field for two years, then left to go on a mission to Great Britain,
W^re he remained for two years. On his return, he was again
installed in the position he left, and filled it for two years more.
He then launched into business tor himself, and conducted it
until deciding to emigrate to Cardston in the spring of 1898.
Mr. IjOw was married in the fall of 1881 to Miss Ida Barber,
daughter of George and Louisa Barber, of Smithfield, and they
have now a family of six boys and one girl. Since coming to
Cai^ton, Mr. Low has been manager of the Cardston Company,

iM^^'

mr.

PICTURESQUE CARDSTON AND ENVIRONMENTS.

Limited, in which .position his abilities have heen aggressively
displayed.

CHAUNCEV EDGAR SNOW.

C. Edgar Snow hanker and financial agent of Cardstoii,
whose portrait is herein published, was born in Brighain City,
Utah, July 8, 1870. He is a son of President Lorenzo Snow,
the head of the " Mormon " church, and was educated at Provo,
Utah and Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. Snow came to Cardston in
1895, and established a banking business in that year. Througli
close attention to detail and strict adherence to business prin
ciples ' » has prospered and built up a patronage of considerable
extent. Since coming here Mr. Snow married Miss, Annie
Dailies, and one son is the fruit of the union. His residence,
which was only recently completed, and of which an <*ngravin^
elsewhere appears in this work, is neat and attractive and is ,,
model of good taste.

SYLVESTER LOW.

Mr. S. Low, one of Cardston's stalwart citizens, was born near
Dundee, Foriar.shire, Scotland, March 12, 1836. His parents
being poor his chances for education were limited, but he
ac(|uired the rudinients by attending a rural parish school in
winter sea.sons, having to herd cows among the broom and
whinns on the hills, and labor on a farm in sun mer time. He
joined the ch\ ch of Latter-Day Saints when eighteen 3'ears ot
age, and in April, 1855, he left his native land for America. He
took up his residence in Utah and was nu active member of the
church whose faith he had expoused. Mr. Low has tillei'
several missions with credit to himself, and in the city nt
Edinburgh, Scotland, he obtained the genealogy of forty-ti\e
thousand people who had passed away. He had labored in the
different avocations of farmer, miller, school teacher, clerk and
photographer throughout the length of years since boyhood and
he is still hale and hearty. Mr. Low is blessed with eighteen
sons and daughters, and twenty-nine grandsons and grand
daughters living, three of the former and also three of the latter
however, being dead. Mr. Low is at present clerk of the Albert;'
Stake of the " Mormon " church.

;reHsively

Cardwlon,
lam City,
TAO Snow

at Provo
EirdHton ill
. Througli
iness pi'in
jnsiderablf
lia& Annie
\ residencf

enj:jravin.;
se and is ..

is l)Oi'i^ neaf
His parents
ted, but be
ih school ill
broom and
• time. Hf
;en years o
mierica. He
■mber ot" tlu-
w has tillf'
the city
of forty-tiv
bored in tlu-
sr, clerk ami
3oyhood an<
ith eighteen
and graml-
of the latt. r
,f the Albert

5.
S

4^'

^^"

r s

&►*.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

1.0

te^lM 12.5

^ 1^ IIIIIM

1.25 1.4 |i.6

., 6"

►

J%.vV

>>,

Hiotographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

■V

<s.\^\

' x,^ °^A ^L*.

^<,

h H'

|||^3'

^^'"1

^^*

■s

! %i

i'l

BIOGIUFHICAI, AND COMMERCIAL,

H. W. BllANT, M.D.

Dr. Brant, Cardston's practising physician and manager of
the Cardston Drug Co., was born at Nanvoo, 111., in 1856, being
reared on his father's farm. He received his education at
Carthage College and took up the study of medicine, being
graduated from the Hahnemann College of Chicago, 111. Since
then he has continued in the practise of his profession, and has
made many friends during his residence in Cardston. Mrs.
Brant, the genial Doctor's wife, was born at Tooele, Utah, and
was the daughter of A. Bates, one of the staunchest followers of
Joseph Smith. Her parents died when she was very young, and
was reared by her uncle, Thorias Morgan, who still lives on the
old homestead at Tooele. Dr. and Mrs. Brant are ijreat favorities
in Cardston society.

WILLIAM MOTTLEY VVOLSEY.

W. M. Wolsey, although comparatively a newcomer to
Cardston, has become prominently identified with its business
interests and is a member of the Cardston Drug Co. He is also
a member of the contracting and building firm of Wolsey &
Rose and is district overseer of public works and road* and
bridges. He was born at Harmony, Washington County. Utah,
and was educated at the public schools. After residing in
several localities he returned with his parents to Ephraim,
Sanpete County, Utah, v/here the latter still reside. Mr.
Wolsey learned the carpentering and wheelwright trade and
also took up architectural work. He was mamed in Wales,
Utah, to a daughter of Henry C. Lamb, and had a family of
three children. After the death of his first wife he again
married. The ceremony took place in the Logan Temple. Mr.
Wolsey came to Cardston, June 22, 1898, and is one of our most
enterprising and respected citizens. Mrs. Wolsey is also a great
social favorite and a delightful entertainer.

JOHN. A. WOOLF

There is no more honored or revered name in Cardston, than
John A. Woolf, formerly bishop and now patriarch of the
" Mormon " church. Mr. Woolf was one of the pioneers and has

Is'

I'lCTUllESQl^E CARDSTON AND ENVIRONMENTS.

done a great work in aiding the settlement and development of
Cardston and surroundings. He is one of nature's noblemen,
and full of the milk of human kindness. The history of the

pioneers of this region would be in-
complete without his genial counten-
ance beaming from its pages, for his
toil and courage have accomplished
much for the welfare and progress of
the people. Mr. Woolf is identified
with many of the plans for the up-
building of the country that are and
have been bearing such excellent
fruit. He is also vice-president and
a director of the Cardston Co., Ltd.,
the pioneer store, which was estab-
lished in the beginning of Cardston's
existence in a little log cabin by
President Charles Ora Card. Mr.
Woolf also conducts the largest hotel
in town — the Hotel de Woolf, a
John A. ivooij. picture oF which appears on another

page — and he and his talented, de-
voted wife, who was also a pioneer,
are among the best and highest
esteenied of the community. Mrs.
Woolf, like her hu.sband, is promin-
ent in church affaire and is an ex-
cellent public speaker. She is the
mother of nine living children and
three dead. The names of the for-
mer are : John W. Woolf, Jane W.
Bates, Mary Lulu Ibey, Simpson W.
Woolf, Wilford Woolf, Milton Woolf,
Zina Alberta Woolf, Grace M. Woolf
and Charles O. Woolf. Young Miss
Zina has the proud destinction of
being the first child born in Card-
ston.

-, t »-

>A'4[>

J/rs. .;. A. Wool/.

ROBERT RA.\lSBOTTOM, J. P.

The subject of this sketch w>',s born at Liverpool, England,
August 17, 1866, and was educated in the English Church School

3nt of
leuien,
of the
be in-
unten-
for his
plished
rress of
entified
the up-
^re and
xcellent
ent and
:o., Ltd.,
H estab-
irdston's
abin by
,rd. Mr.
est hotel
^Voolf, a
another

\'00lf.

1, England,
lirch School

Jdtnes P. Lo^v, liecrettiry and 'fieasurer of the .
Cardston Company^ Limtted.

MM!

-I

fSMEdUUttHMMMi,

mmi

BUSINESS MEN AND FfRMS,

and Liverpool Collej;e. He lived in Liverpool till he was
eij,'hteen years of aj^e and then came to Cana^ a, settling in
Ontario. Here he remaine<l for four years and then removed to
Brandon, Manitoba. During his residence in Canada he has
been actively identified with prominent political movements,
bein^ a staunch Liberal. He was married in 1888, to a daughter
of William Wallace Moore, of Ballanagh, Ireland, and two chil-
dren, a girl and boy, blessed the union. Mr. Ramsbottom came
to Cardston in October, 1898, and is now justice of the peace,
notary public and commissioner. He is a veritable encylopoedia
of information to whom all newcomers go to be posted on
Canadian law and general affairs. A portrait of Mr. Hams-
bottom, and an engraving of his nice-appearing home, appear on
another page.

THOMAS AIKMAN.

Mr. Aikman, who is in charge of Steele & Company's photo-
graphic business in Cardston, was the gentleman who dia most
of the photograph and photographic work appearing in these
pages, the engraving being done by The Central Press Agency,
Ltd., of Toronto. Mr. Aikman is a native of Quebec City, but
was rv^ared and educated in Winnipeg, where he served his time
learning photography. He has been engaged by Steele & Co.
for six years past, and now represents the company at their
numerous branch studios in the North- West and British
Columbia-, none of the branches being open the year round. Mr.
Aikman is an artistic photographer, as his work herein .set
forth amply attests.

BUSINESS MEN AND FIRMS.

Cardston is well represented in the various lines of trade and
commerce, equally as well as any town of similar size and age.
Her two mammoth mercantile establishments have just been
increased to three by the opening of the new store of Spencer &
Stoddard, who have invested $10,00C in the business, and
intend carrying a stock of hardware, groceries and furnishing
goods, of from $10,000 to $15,000. Other businesses are being
established, and commercial conditions are exceedingly satis-
factory. The following are amon^ the leading business men
and firms of Cardston in addition to those already referred to:

»;:' i

100 IMCTUUKHQUE CAKOHTON AND ENVIKONMENTH.

THE CAIIDSTON COMPANY, LIMITED.

This Ih tli(! pioMtMir mercantile inHtitiition of CardHton. It
w»iH eHtabli.slKMl by President C, (). Care' during the H.;Uleinent'H
infancy, and has grown to enormous proportioiiH. A va.st
stock of almost infinite variety in carried, and a prodigious
trade is carried on. During the past year tiie accommodations,
large as they were, were fount 1 to bo far to meagre to meet
tlie business demands, and a commodious two-story addition
was built, giving more than double the former noor space.
The Co-op., as it is familiarly called, is what is known as the
people's standbye, and is enjoying a large measure of pros-
perity. The officers are C. O. Card, president ; J. A. VVoolf,
vice-president; J. P. Low, secretary-treasurer; and Robert
I bey, acting manager. C. O. Card, J. A. Woolf, J. A. Ham-
mer, Robert Ibey and Walter Needham form the Board of
Directors for the year 1900.

WILLIAM WUOD.

Mr. Wood has been a resident of Cardston for several years
and is engaged -in the live stock and butcher business. He
conducts a well-kept meat market, and enjoys a lucrative trade.
In ecclesiastical circles he is also prominent, and is counselor
to the Bishop of Cardston. Mr. Wood is one of the most
energetic and progressive business men in the community, and
and his estimable wife is a lady of high mental attainments
and greatly esteemed by a host of friends.

THE KEARL HOTEL.

It ■.'.

This commodious hostelry is conducted by Mr. H. A. Willis,
who is one of the most courteous and attentive of hosts. The
hotel under his fmanagement is up-to-date, and is a popular
resort and stopping place. Everything is of the best, thf
cuisine being especially excellent.

THE CARDSTON RECORD.

The Cardston Record, a weekly paper of eight pages, is
published every Friday by Norman W. Macleod, who is also the
editor. It is now fully one and-a-half years old, and is devoted
to the immigration, irrigration and industrial interests ot

11. It

luont'H
L vast

lijrioUH

ations,
,o meet
ddilion
• space.
1 aH the
)f proH-
WooU",
Kobert
\. Ham-
(oard of

;ral years
less. He
ive trade,
counselor
the most
Unity, and
tainments

•^

T* •«

.$ 5

•

W. M. Wolsey, of the Cardston Di'tig Company. ,

s *

^t-'

"^^

•§

ALBERTA.

107

Southern Alberta in general, and Cardston in particular. It
circulates in the North-West Territories of Canada, and has a
large list of readers in Utah and several other Rocky Mountain
States. Subscription price is $2 a year in advance.

MISCELLANEOUS.

J. J. Orton conducts a first-class blacksmith shop.

Frank Meldrum also conducts a blacksmith and waggon
repairing shop.

Cardston has an expert watchmaker and jeweler in the
person of Mr. D. Thompson.

The Tai Sang restaurant is an excellent place to dine.

We have a cheese factory and two flour mills.

R. M. Armstrong, a very efficient barbe/*, has a neat ton-
sorial parlor.

Robert Ibey deals in pianos, organs and .nusical instruments
of every description.

A billiard hall is conducted by L. H. Bonnell.

The Alberta Lumber and Manufacturing Company, composed
of W. F. Rose and J. C. Cahoon, deal in lumber and coal.

The Cardston and Lethbridge Stage Line is run by Mercer &
McCarty.

A boot and shoe shop is conducted by E. Law, and turns out
excellent work.

A. J. Ga}' deals in high-class pianos, organs and musical
instruments.

And besides these are numerous other branches of trade and
finance that could be mentioned, but this will suflSce to show
the extent of Cardston's business field.

ALBERTA. .'

The district of Alberta has a total length from north to south
of 430 miles, and an average width of 230 miles, and contains
an area of 100,000 square miles.

The southern part is an open rolling country " devoid of tim-

i ber, except a limited quantity along the streams and in the foot-

Ihills of the Rocky Mountains " in sufficient quantities, however,

lio improve our homesteads and aid the home-seekers to make a

^tart m life.

ii^am^Mi^m'if'ji.

108

PICTURESQUE CARDSTON AND ENVIRONMENTS.

iS. : :

ii#ir

siii';;:

im'.r^ft

These undulated prairies are covered with a luxuriant growth
of nutritious grasses, chief among wliich is the" far-famed prairie
bunch grass," on which our cattle, horses and sheep graze during
the whole year.

The soil of the district is mostly a good rich, dark, clay loam,
slightly intermingled with sand, and from six to eighteen inches
deep underlaid with a heavy strata of clay, well adapted fo^
farming and stock raising.

LANDS.

Our lands may be acquired either by purchase of the railway
companies for about $3 per acre, on the instalment principle of
ten payments, with interest at six per cent., or may be home-
steaded to the extent of 160 acres each by paying a fee of $10
down, and you are required to reside at least six months in each
year for three years, accompanied by a reasonable amount of
cultivation. Only the one fee required, the Government always
favoring the honest homesteader. You can make your entry
the same day you enter the Dominion, if desired, but before re-
ceiving the full benefit of the homestead law, you are required
to take the oath of allegiance to the Government that protects
you. The time required to become a eitizen is three years, and
the fee only $2.

" All even numbered sections, except 8 "end 26 may be home-
steaded by any person \\rho is the sole head of a family, or any
male over 18 years of age." The latter is a bonanza for our
boys. •

'■ft

SETTLERS' EFFECTS DUTY FREE.

Item No. 766 of the Canadian customs tariff, making settlers'
effects free of duty, reads as follows :

" Wearing apparel, household furniture, professional books,
implements and tools of trade, occupation or employment, which
the settler has had in actual use for at least six months before
removal to Canada, musical instruments, domestic sewing
machines, live stock, carts and other vehicles and agricultural
implements in use by the settler for at least one year before his
removal to Canada, not to include machinery, or articles imported

rowth
prairie
luring

loam,
inches
ed fo^

railway
iciple of
; home-
e of $10

in each
lount of
■j always
ir entry
efore re-
required

protects
gars, and

36 home-

T, or any

for our

settlers'

al books,
jnt, which
bhs before
c sewing
rricultural
'before his
imported

ii:

.i}

7*1. V.

Albert J. Gay, of Cnrdston, Alta.

I t

■\.

'*>'

•^

THE MHEAT IKUIOATION CANAL.

115

for use in any manufacturing establishment, or for sale; provi<led
that any dutiable article entore<l as Hettlers' offwtH may not be
80 entered unlesH brought with the settler on his first arrival,
and shall not be sold or otherwise disposed of without payment
of duty, until after two years' actual use in Canada ; provided
also tfiat under regulations made by the minister of customs,
live stock when imported into Manitoba or the North-West
Territories by intending settlers, shall be free, until otherwise
ordered by the governor in council." Each actual settler can
enter sixteen head of stock free.

THE GREAT IRRIGATION CANAL.

As so much has been said in the foregoing pages regarding
the benefits to be derived from the completion of the irrigation
canal, the following particulars maybe of interest. It is clipped
from The Cardston Record:

The water for this immense system is taken from the St.
Mary's river (a branch of considerable importance of the Belly
river, which flows into the South Saskatchewan) being first
drai.ied off at about five miles from the international boundary.
The channel required is twenty feet wide in the bottom and five
feet of water is carried. After being conducted for a number of
miles, Willow Creek is crossed, requiring two trestled flumes.
These flumes are set upon trestle work thirty feet high and one
section alone is 784 feet long. They are sixteen feet wide and
carry five feet of water. After crossing township 2, range 24,
west 4, the water is turned into Spring Coulee, a natural de-
pression. This coulee is used for about twelve miles, the water
level dropping 400 feet. Another cut of about two miles con-
nects Spring Coulee with Pethole Creek, another natural water-
way which is used for twelve miles. About five miles of very
heavy ditching takes the water out of this creek and carries it
out on the bench land, where it is dropped for six miles into
Nine Mile Coulee. At this point the system becomes forked,
and one channel of about twenty miles is run eastward to about
three miles south of Stirling, where its waters are run into a
creek, while the left branch is continued northward, aiming at
the present time to terminate at the town of Lethbridge.

The length of the mail channel, now completed or under con-
struction, aggregates sixty miles, besides the many lengths of

116

PICVURESQUE CARDSTON AND ENVIRONMENTS.

natural channels which are being used. The amount of land
made available for irrigation purposes by the system, so far as
it has already been projected, will be between 150,000 and 200,-
000 acres. Amongst the earlier farm lands to receive attention,
however, will be townships 6 in ranges 19, 20 and 21, and town-
ship 5, range 22. Arrangements have been made with the Mor-
mon Church in Utah for the settlement of 16,000 or 20,000 acres,
and the new Mormon settlements at Magrath and Stirling will
be amongst the first supplied. These two places have sprung
into existence this year, and now number about 75 families each,
proposing to cultivate 6,000 or 8,000 acres in each settlement.
It is estimated that altogether about 1,000 people have flocked
into this part of the country this season. Next year, 1900,
other lands will be opened up for colonization. The engineer
declares that the water supply is sufficient for half a million of
acres, and says that although he has done a deal of engineering
in the United States, this is the best river he ever jgaw from
which to draw, as its supply is so steady, probably flowing in
the mountains through a series of lakes. An agreement has
been made with the town of Lethbridge to deliver water there
by May Ist.

When it considered that this one company own 60 miles of
main ditches, out of 314 miles now recorded at Regina by 147
different companies and individuals, that both the water supply
and the nature of the country admit of a wonderful extension
of the system already under construction, and that the natural
richness of the country, when irrigated, stands already as a
demonstrated fact, it will be seen that the Canadian North- West
Irrigation Land Co., and the movements which they have in
hand are destined to figure as important factors in the develop-
ment of a large tract of land in that great country — Southern
Alberta.

To Superintendent M. D. Hammond, who directed the con-
struction of the canal for the contractors, much credit is due for
the excellent work that has been done, and much credit is like-
wise due to the sub-contractors, who bravely kept on with the
work of construction until it was finished. The scenes along
the canal, taken while the work of construction was in progress,
and published in The Cardston Record, are of especial inter-
est in view of the marvellous bearing the canal will have on the
prosperity of the future.

i' :!ii/:w(,-

>f land
far as
i 290,-
ention,
[ town-
le Mor-
} acres,
ng will
sprung
es each,
tlement.
flocked
,r. 1900,
engineer
lillion of
ineering
fcw from
owing in
[lent has
,ter there

► miles of
la by 147
r supply
jxtension
e natural
ady as a
)rth-We8t
have in
develop-

JOUTHERN

the con-
is due for
it is like-
with the
snes along
. progress,
icial inter-
ave on the

The Pile Driver at Work en Constriction, of Beadgates at Intake

of Irrigation Canal.

t».

■'■%■•

.i -^ •

S-

Samiiel H, Horner, one of Curddon's lending
business men.

klj,

,!{il'

CONCLUSION.

A cordial invitation is extended to all people to come^ to
Southern Alberta. The climate is genial and balmy in summer,
and but little snoyr falls in winter. Excellent crops of wheat,
oats, barley, rye, potatoes and all the hardy vegetables are
raised, with or without irrigation, according to locality, and as
a stock country there is no better in the world. Southern
Alberta, in th ) language of Holy Writ, is " a land of brooks of
wat*^". of fountains and depths that spring out of valleys and
hills; a land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness ;
thou shalt not lack anything in it." It is the promised land.

Norman^W. Maclevd, Editur and Publisher of
" The Gardston Ricord," Gtirdifton, Altn.

t*J

The. KiinhuU Bii>Hi>'rs, V'udsto)', Alta.

'<<

-is

Mark Spencer, of the Menantih Finn of Spenrer S: i<h>ddnrd,

Cardsfuu, AUa.

From fin' early Photograiih.

'"I

Mr. E. T. Hose, Architert, Bniidn^ Etc.,
Cdi'isttin, Alta.

v«t t ■ •

I'homis Aiktmin, I'/iotoyrapliHi, Canhfon, Alf<i.

Sterling Williams, Esi/., {Grandson
of Brighnm Younff.)

Mi\i. Attena Williams.

The ''CardstoH Record" Office,
Cardston, AUii.

•2

■?

' ' ' j^^^^^^l^^^^^^^^^^^^l

'A
V

J^jKfjk^ r^

it: ^

*■

'US0

•

^^Bti '

^^Bo^". .

"1*

W''' ,-f^'^i^' '

1 '

ft.

m ■'il,;*'mj,^.

n'' '

'■BJn$ '

E^^^^Hlu

■ ,^-

■' • ■

^ J

■4