fMAGE EVALUATION IFJT TARGET (MT-S) •^' ^,V ^0 1.0 I.I 1.25 15 C ■^™ 136 B2 |25 M 12.2 1 4.0 i.4 1 2.0 1.6 ''^ J?-'^" '9 *W**' 'jy 7 Sciences Cbrporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 4^ s\ ^\ '% N '^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/iCMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques •\ Tachnical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquaa Tha InstJtuta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy avaiiabia for filming. Paaturaa of thia copy which may bo bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagas in tha reproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual method of filming, ara chackad balow. □ Coloured covers/ Couvarturo da coulaur I I Covers damaged/ Couvarturo endommagie □ Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurie et/ou pelHculte pn Cover title missing/ U Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes gtegraphiquas en couleur □ Coloured ink li.e. other than blue or black)/ Encra de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illuatrationa/ D D n n Planchaa et/ou illuatrationc 1% couleur Bound with other material/ RelM avac d'autrea documanta Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liura serrie peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion la long da la marga intiriaura Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenevar possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certainaa pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dana la texte. mais, lorsqua ceia Atait possible, cas pages n'ont pas «t« film^as. Additional comments:/ Commentairas supplimentaires: L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exen'plairn qu'il lui a «t« possible de se procurer. Las details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-4tre uniques du point de vue bibliographiqua, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithoda normaie de filmage sont indiquis ci-dessous. Thi tol D D D E D D D D n Coloured pages/ Pages da couleur Pagaa damaged/ Pages endommagtes Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaur^as et/ou pelliculAes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d^color^as, tacheties ou piquies Pages detached/ Pages ditachias Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Qualit* in^gala de {'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du material supplimantaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc.. have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Lea pages totalement ou partieliement obscurcies par un feuillet d'arrata, une pelure. etc., ont iti fiimies i nouveau de faqon i obtenir la meilleure image possible. Thi pofl of 1 fllnr Orlj bofl the sioi oth firs sioi ori The aha TIN whi Mai diff enti beg righ req; mel This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de rMiction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X ^9X 22X 12X lex 20X 26X 30X 24X 28X 32X The copy fiim«d hero has boor roptoducod thanks to the gonorooity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada L'exemplaire fiimi f ut reproduit grice A la ginirositi do: La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Caneda The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition end legibility of the original copy and in keeping wvith the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers ore filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or iilastrjted impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page whh a printed or illustrated impres- sioii, and ending on the last page with a printed or lllustratod impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol ▼ (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Les images suivantes ont AtA reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la nettot* de roxempiaire film*, vt en conformity avec las conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires orlginaux dont la couverture en papier eet ImprlmAe sont fllmte en ceinmenpant par la premier plat at an termlnant solt par la dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les eutre** exemplaires orlginaux sont fllmfo en commenpant par la premlAre page qui comporte wm empreinte d'Impreesion ou d'illustration at en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symooles suivants apparattra sur la derniire Image do cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — »> signifie "A SUIVRc". ^e symbole ▼ signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Vhose too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fllmte i des taux de rAduction diff*rento. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film* A partir de I'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche i droite, et de haut en baa, en prenant le nombre d'Images nteessalre. Les diagrammes suivants lllustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 4 5 6 Notes on the Manufacture of Compressed Peat Fuel UNDER THE DICKSON PATENTS Jdnh'! These notes, of the character of suggestions, were originally compiled for the private use of the under- signed, but have been printed by request, to serve, at least, as a form or basis for romputation. The present issue is a revision, with the addition of further data. CERTAIN WORKS ON PEAT " Metallurgy, ' by Tohn Percy, M.D., F.R.S., F.G.S. Vol. on Fuel, etc., London, 1875. " Utilization of Peat and Peat Lands," l)y Paget, C.E., contained in Part 2 of the " Reports on the Vienna Universal Exhibition of 1873." " On Torbite and Its Uses," by D. K. Clark, Civil Engineer. Paper read before the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1865. " Peat and Its Uses as ale tilizer and Fuel," by Samuel W. Johnson, New York, 1866. " The Industrial Resources of Ireland," by Sir Robert Kane, Dublin, 1845. " Report of Commission for Investigation of Improved Peat Fuel Manufacture," Dublin, 1873- " i'acts About Peat " (as an article of fuel), by T. H. Leavitt, Boston, 1867. " The Utilization of Peat," by B. H. Paul. Paper published in the journal of the Society of Arts, 1862. EXTRACTS FROM T. H. LEAVITT'S " FACTS A»?OUT PEAT." (i). " Freshly cut, it is found to be saturated with water to the extent of from thirty to ninety per cent., according to locality and density ; and even when subjected to the ordinary process of air-drying, it will be found to have retained a considerable per- centage of moisture for a long time, even after it has the appearance of being per- fectly dry." (2). " An acre of peat of fair quality, well-drained, if one foot in depth, will generally contain 1,000 to 1,200 tons, yielding 250 to 350 tons of dry fuel." (3). " Few peats, however well-drained, contain less than 50 per cent of water, and most con- tain from 65 to 85 per cent. Our own estimates have always been made on 75 per cent of moisture, which is safe, but it is quite probable that 70 per cent, would be fair in the maj'^rity of well-drained meadows." (4). " A cubic foot of crude peat taken from a well-drained bog weigh from 50 to 55 pounds." (5). " A ton of wet peat, as cut, will measure about 40 cubic feet, and about 160 cubic feet of crude material are required to produce one ton of dry fuel. Some very compact peats, however, require not more than 140 or even 120 cubic feet for a ton of dry fuel." (Italics not the author's.) NOTES ON THE ABOVE EXTRACTS. The ton is presumably 2000 lbs. here, and ail calculations are made on the basis of 2000 lbs. to the ton. Shrinkage : — The average percentage of shrinkage in bulk is not given. A. M. Panton, of Stratford, places the shriiikage in bulk of Welland peat at 50 per cent. The product of different bogs varies widely. The important figures to obtain are however, the number of tons of dry fuel an acre will yield, and the weight of a dry yard. From above extracts we have one cu. ft. of wet peat equals 50 lbs., yielding 1::^ lbs. of dry peat, or one cu. yd. yields 337 lbs. of dry fuel, and one acre 272 tons, taken one foot deep, or 1,089 tons per 4 ft. in depth. If 120 cu. ft. yield a ton of dry fuel then we have 362 tons per acre taken one foot deep or 1,442 per 4 feet. The shrinkage in weight according to these figures is from 66f to 75 per cent., and ihe yield 33.^ and 25 per cent. By reference to the article, "Cutting Peat by Hand in Hanover," we find Schroeder's experience shewed a yield of but 10 per cent. Mr. Panton says that a cu. yd. of wet peat from the Welland bog would give 250 lbs. which at 55 lbs. (supposed) to the wet cu. ft. indicates 17 per cent. Weight of Dry Peat : — By measurement on dry crude slaned peat from the Welland bog, the bulk of one ton of dry fuel was found to be, when packed closely in a box, 90 cubic feet (600 lbs. to the cu. yd). By another measurement, on puddied peat loosely thrown in a box, the same figure was obtained. Another set of measurements shewed : i cubic foot dry crude puddled peat to equal 22 lbs. ; i cubic foot dry powdered peat, 24 lbs., or 594 and 648 lbs. to the cu. yd. respectively. A dry yard of peat from the Ellice bog, north of Stratforc^, weighed 660 lbs. " The weight of a cubic yard of various kinds of air-dried peat is, according to Sir Robert Kane, as follows : light peat, so much used for domestic fuel, about 500 lbs. ; good peat, packed close in the form of sods, about 900 lbs. ; and the densest peat, well packed, as much as 1,100 lbs. "Other statements concerning the weight of air-dried peat are as follows: the weight of a cubic metre of air-dried peat varies from 250 kilograms (423 lbs. to the cubic yard) for mossy peat to 450 (763 lbs. to the cubic yard) for the blackest kind."— Percy's Metallurgy. CALCULATi^ONS on the size of cut required to yifld one montl s supply (1,250 tons). One acre yields 250 tons taken one foot deep. Let the cut be 12 feet wide and 3 feet deep. Then the length to yield 1,250 tons would be 6,050 feet, and for spreading ground we require a strip on each side, 33 feet in width (total 66), if peats are 8 in. thick and if 3 ft. berme and 10 per cent, for interstices is allowed. Cutting and Spreading ; — ^Leavitt in " Facts about Peat," page 33, states that a man can cut 25 or more blocks of peat weighing 15 pounds each, in a minute when working " by the job " he will cut 20-22 ; and when working " by the day " he does cut 15 or more. The latter figures give 67J tonj; per day ; Leavitt offers 50 as a conservative estimate. If ii takes two men to spread what one nian cuts, (considering that the peats have to be whi »led a certain distance when large quantities are required) then we have at least 16 tons of wet peat (making at least 4 tons of dry peat) per man per day. A, M. P., experimenting in the Welland bog, allows 2\ dry tons per man when two men work together, one cutting and one spreading ; but in this bog there are roots to be contended with, from which many bogs are free. If we allow another man spreading, this must be reduced to i^ tons per man per day. Leavitt; page 40, quotes B. H. Paul as follows: "Two men working together, one cutting and one casting, will in good weather get through what is the equivalent to ten tons of dry peat." If we say three men, on account of the distance to spread, we have 3^ tons per man. The same author, page 36, quotes Prof. Johnson with reference to Brosowsky's peat cutting machine, as follows : " Four hands will cut and lay out to dry 12,000 to 14,000 peats daily or 3,100 cu. tt." Which means 77^ tons, estimating 50 lbs. to the cu. ft., or 191^ tons of wet or nearly 5 tons of dry peat per day per man, or adding 2 helpers, 3^ tons. If the number of tons that a man can take out and spread when 3 work together may be estimated at from i^ to 4, the cost per Ion with the labor at one dollar per day will be from 25 cts. to 66 cts per ton, even when the peat has to be wheeled some distance (say an average of 22 feet, that is from 4 to 40.) There is a great discrepancy here, but very probably in a good beg the taking out and spreading may not exceed 35 cts. per ton. In the estimated "cost of production" the amount set opposite "cutting and spreading" is partly based upon the percentage of yield of dry fuel from wet peat, from a well-drained bog, according to Leavitt. This yield, as will be remarked, is much higher than in the figures that Percy gives as SchroeJer's experience in Hanover, and consequently the cost of excavating per ton of dry fuel might be greater. However a great deal depends on the state of drainage of the bog, and the character of the peat. It would appear from the extract that the peat from Schroeder's turbary was of good quality, and in all probability, as well or better drained than the majority of the bogs in this country. The weight of the air-dried peat at the figure given in the extract from Percy's Metallurgy, as below, (viz. : — 1-16 cubic foot weighs i^ lbs. (Hanoverian ?) is 648 lbs. to the cubic yard (English). Drying : — A. M. P., in his report on the manufacture of peat from the Welland bog, says that the cost of turning and stacking should not add over 30 cents, per ton (though varying with diflerent circumstances.) This means 24 cents with labor at 10 cents per hour. The marking and cutting of puddled peat (necessary where a dredge is used) would add something, but how much is doubtful. Tramming: — He gives the cost of loading, tramming and unloading at 12^ cts. with labor at $1.25 per day; but the distance, though not given, may be presumed short, from the circumstances of his experiment. If a man can load one ton on a car in half an hour, which I calculate as safe from a small experiment, and if it will take a man, going and returning, 45 minutes, averaging the distance at ^ of a mile ^that is from 100 yds. to i^ miles), the cost will be for loading 5 and tramming 7^ cts. per ton with labor at $1.00 per day. Now suppose a carrier or elevator 18 in. wide with a load averaging 6 in. deep per foot of carrier, we have J cu. ft. or 17 lbs. per foot. If the carrier is travelling 30 ft. per minute, it will take away over a ^ ton per minute, or a ton in 4 minutes, therefore it will not take the man more than 5 minutes to dump his load by portions on the carrier, the cost of this therefore, is not more than i ct. per ton. The cost of the tramming may be reducer* by bringing in the cars in a train by means of a small locomotive. Steam Excavator : — The crew would consist of, say, one runner at $60 per mo. (12 hour day), one assistant at $40, one fireman and one extra man at $30 each, and allow three men at $30 on the field to clear the ground, distribute the puddled peat, collect fuel, etc.; total, $250, but including board, $325. Product estimated at 1,200 cubic yards per 12 hours, yielding from 100 to 250 — ^say 150 — dry tons, or 3,750 tons per month of 25 days. The cost per dry ton would be thus under 10 cents ; repairs, nil, etc., extra. This estimate is considered fair. Tracks : — In order to have two sets of tracks one on each side of the cut which is gradually being widened, we shall require 2^ miles of track. Foreman : — A foreman over the field work at $2.00 per day would add 2c. per ton (calculating that 6 months' outside work is done per annum and 15,000 tons of dry peat excavated.) Allow two foremen when dredge is not used. For 15,000 tons the gang of men excavating might number 60, and drying and tramming the same. The over-feeding of the breakers may be prevented by the installation of a chain-raker over the breakers. The excavation and tramming would probably be done by contract. Re Weight oi- Manukactukkd Kukl.— This has been found to vary in density from say 65 to 85 lbs. per cubic foot, and wlien measured as stored from 40 t*^ 55 lbs. CUTTING PEAT BY HAND IN HANOVER. PERCY'S METALLURGY (Vol. on "Fuel, Etc.") page 2ao. It has been asserted that nowhere has the extraction of peat been more skilfully and more economically conducted than in East i'liesland, in Hanover; and as the detailed account of the process, published several years ago by Schroeder, has been widely circulated in various languages, and generally accepted as importani in a practical point of view, it is inserted in this place ; and, further, the author has; met with nothing better of its kind. It is stated that the price of peat is not so high in this locality as in many other countries where wages are considerably lower, a fact which is ascribed to more skilful organization of labor in getting the peat and preparing it for the market. The bog, it is assumed, will admit of being drained by simple trenching. The peat is gotten in lengths, 10 feet wide and from 100 to 1,000 paces long, excavated crosswise, i.e., in the direction of the width, so that the working face is 10 feet broad. It is wholly extracted either in one working or, if the bed be too thick for that method, in one or more successive courses. Usually only one length of the dimensions above given is cut in a ytar ircm the Rame bog. In the following year another similar length by the side of the former is exca- vated, the trench, made by the removal of the peat, thus yearly increasing 10 feet in width and the useless stuff, pared off the surface to the depth of i or li foot, is thrown into the worked-out space, with a view to its future cultivation, and in order that the walls of the trench may receive some degree of support, and their tendency to break off and fall down be diminished, an evil which adds much to the difficulty of getting the peat. Five workmen are employed, whose labor is distributed as follows. One man, the clearer, removes with a spade, from the surface of a length pared the year before, a layer about 2 inches thick, which has been weathered by atmospheric action, especially by frost. Two men, the cutters, are ■engaged in cutting the peat, of whom one stands on the top and thrusts straight down a long-nandled, heavy iron tool, which cuts sods 17 inches long and 5 wide, whilst the other, standing underneath, using a light wooden spade, pointed with iron, cuts the peat horizon- tally of the thickness of s| inches and conveys it on a board to the margin of the trench ; and from time to time these men change places with each other. Each peat so obtained measures ^ cubic foot, and, when fresh, weighs from 12^ to 13 lbs. (The Hanoverian foot is divided into 12 inches, and is equal to ui English inches ; and the Hanoverian pound is equal to 1.0731 lb. avoirdupois.) Expert workmen will cut about 25 of such peats or 6^ cubic feet in a minute. (See Note A.) A fouirth man, the barrow -loader, takes the peats where -they are left by the cutters, and with the assistance of the first man piles them in wheelbarrows, ■one upon another, in two rows of six each to a load, which therefore weighs about 150 lbs. The fifth man, the barrow-wheeler, with the help of the first, wheels away the peats, and, by simply upsetting the barrow, arranges them, for draining and drying, over the surface of the bog, on one side of the trench, previously cleared and prepared for that purpose, in rows of sixteen each, and at right angles to the diiection of the trench, each row beginning at the distance of 10 feet and extending to the distance of 50 feet from the trench. The lifth man may also be set to work at clearing off the useless stuff from the surface of the bog, along the same side of the trench, to the extent of 10 feet from it, that is, up to the commence- ment of the rows of peats placed for drying, so -that this length of bog may be made ready for cutting during the following year. By moderate labor 3,000 cubic feet or 12,000 peats may be cut daily ; and this quantity is said to be a day's work for five men, and is taken as the day's work in contracts with the workmen. Skilful workmen, by extra labor, will per- i form the day's work in from 8 to lo hours; when theextraction cannot be carried on during the whole day, as often happens, such workmen Arill by laboring 15 hours daily (? on some days) get 7 days' work in 5, that is 4,200 cubic feet, or t6,8oo peats a day, somewhat more than 210,000 lbs. or 90 tons, which divided amongst the five men is at the rate of about 18 tons per man. (See Note B.) When the peat to be cut is not more than 4 or 5 feet thick, five workmen suffice, but, in extracting double that thickness of peat at the same time an additional workman is recjuired, and the extraction is effected in two courses. Peat to the depth of 4 feet is first extracted, and as provision must be made for drying this as well as that to be afterwards cut out in the second and lower course, the peats gotten in the first course must be carried far enough away from the trench to leave an intermediate space for those of the second course, a space of 10 feet from the edge of the trench being always kept free with a view to next year's working. After taking out the peat along a short portion of a length to the depth of 4 feet from the surface laid bare by the removal of the overlymg useless stuff forming a layer about i^ foot thick, the extraction of the second layer of that portion is proceeded with. The organization of labor is the same as in cutting a single course of peat, with the exception of tha"; relating to the sixth man. In getting the second and lower course of peat, 4 feet thick, the cutters would not be able to throw up the peats fast enough for the wheeler without the aid of the sixth man, the helper, who now stands on the top of the second course, where the first course has last been taken off, and catches on a broad wooden shovel the peats thrown up to him by the cutters below, and tosses them to the loader above. This man also acts as a second wheeler in conveying the peats to the drying-ground. The peats, after having been left for a certain time on the drying-ground, are carried away by women and gradually built up by them in high wall-like rows; a peat and a half thick, care beinjj taken to let one row become somewhat dry before another is piled upon it. In ordinary weather the peats so arranged are left to dry further for about a month ; and when they appear to be dry, but when in reality they are only half dry, they are either carted from the bog to be stored up in magazines, or, as is usual in East Fries- land, piled up in large stacks in the bog itself, and there left to be further air-dried. A good workwoman can deal with 12,000 peats daily, that is, the number gotten by a gang of five men. When the weather is very favorable, the peats may be taken immediately from the wall-like rows and piled up carefully in cylindrical stacks of from 200 to 500 cubic feet in volume, that is, from J to^ a day's work. The day's work, of 3,000 cubic feet of freshly-gotten, very good black peat, hardly yields 800 rabic feet of dry peat, while the same volume of light grey peat will yield 2,00a cubic feet, and occasionally even more, of dry peat. (See Note C.) The volume of a good black peat after drying is at the most i/i6 of a cubic foot, and the dimensions are 12 inches long, 3 wide and 3 thick. The weight of an air-dried black peat of average quality, with the usual proportion of from 18 to 20 per cent, of hygroscopic water, and when freshly cut of the dimensions previously stated, is i\ lb., which indicates a yield of 10 per cent, of air dried peat from the bog (see Note D) ; but in the half-dried condition in which the peat often comes into the market, the weight is often 50 per cent, greater. A peat from the lower part of the bog is, as a rule, heavier than ij lb.; and after good drainage, the result of working, when a bed from 8 to 10 feet thick, previously drained superficially, is often reduced 2 feet and more in thickness, the density of the peat is increased so considerably that a dry black peat weighs li lb. and one of the best quality 2 lbs. (See Note E.) On an average, in the case of ordinary black peat, the day's work may at the least be taken as 150 Centner, but it may amount to 180 or even 240 Centner (i Centner=i 13.426 lbs. av.) (See Note F.) The cost of cutting, etc., for the day's work (:^^3,ooo cubic feet), exclusive of rent and wear of tools, was, in i860, as follows (i Rthlr. or Thaler =^ 25. io|rf., and i Sgr. or Silber- groschen=i^20o 00 Manager, book-keepmg and collection of accounts, etc i ,00 00 Stationery, postage, travelling, insurance and incidentals ...'.!'. '500 00 Total $2,coo 00 or 25c. per ton NoTE.-The balance of the annual product of 15,000 - . ^posed to be sold in other districts ; and at the same rate of 25c. per i - "ll be 11,750 to cover office expenses and selling the same. ■? Memorandum Re pRiiir.HT and Delivery.— If th'^ n ' y^ ^iles frrm the point of consumption and the average load be 2| ton, -an be hired at $2.50 per dp.y, when fairly regular work is assured ; then ,. delivery can be estimated somewhat as follows : — Loading and unloading , Going at 3 miles per hour , , n ^ ., , 2* hours Return at 5 miles per hour ^T „ "^otal 5 hours Cost per ton, 50c. ; or 6fc. per ton mile. If a team cost $3.00 per day, then the cost per ton will be 60c. or 8c. per ton mile Note.— It is assumed that the road be fairly level md that the loading be clone by gravity at the factory. Ti.e distance is perhaps extreme, but the load will often be increased Among the advantages of freighting by rail instead of by teams, we may suggest the following : that the state of the road bed varies w^h the weather ; that if the distance be just a little too great to deliver one load in half a day, certain complications may ensue which render the delivery more expensive. Moreover, it will be necessary to have the railway to depend upon in case we wish to dispose of surplus fuel utside the district. The density of the peat fuel varying, the number of tons tliat coalti be stored in a box car 7i x 74 X J5 would run from 40 to 5^ tons. Railways will build special cars for the traffic, if sufficient were obtained. ESTIMATED COST OF PLANT. Comprising one machine c:jrrying its own steam cylinders, two breakers, boiler, etc., etc. Product, 3 tons per hour or 7,500 tons per year of 350 working days of ten hours each. Double this p.oduct f <- . a 2o-hour day. Note :— The preliminary outlay for machinery, building and contents may be placed at $5,500 : for storage for 1,000 tons of fual, $350, ; for trams and track $650. , total $6,500, and the outlay for labor till revenue conmienres may be estimated on credit obtainable, if any, and on the amount r. fuel that the manufacturers feel inclined to make before they test the market, at the same lime fullilling the conditions imposed by the Canadian P.^at Fuel Co. It will thus be seen that a comparatively small amount of capital need be sunk in the preliminaries. MACHINERY SHED AND CONTENTS. Building -30. \ 40 ft — and boiler room with foundations for machines $ 350 00 Steam compressor— capacity 3 tons per hour (weight 14 tons) 2500 00 Breakers,— 2 (<»' ,$200 ^^^ ^^ Boilers (2)— 50 H. P. each, (locomotive type) ; feed pump, inspirator, steam pipes, smoke stack, etc ,^^0 ^^ Auxiliary engine,— 20 H. P., (second hand) and foundation r^^ 00 5 H.P. Dynamo (for furnishing 2 H.P. for 20 lights and 2 H.P. for n..otcr8)i wiring, belting and lamps ^^ ^^^ Pump for fire protection ^second hand) and 300 feet of hose 300 00 Carriers, elevators, hoppers, feed box, chute and tank 150 00 Belting, shafting, pulleys, etc '" ^oo 00 . Tools for engine house and machine shop 100 00 Freight (100 miles) and cartage j^^^ ^^ Installation of all machinery above mentioned -oo oo Inspection, travelling and incidentals ^^^ p^ $6700 00 Notes :— All machinery quoted f.o.b. cars at Engine Works where madu. Belting, etc., figures at close wholesale prices. The foundation for compressor (which is self-con- tained) and boilers need not be concrete or masonry, but heavy timbers on ballasi. Roughly estimated, total weight of machinery under 40 tons. STORAGE FOR CRUDE DRY PEAT. Two sheds, 40 x 225 ft. each, capacity lo-ii tons per foot accorcMng to density. Take as a conservative estimate tha^ it would be necessary to provide for 8 months' supply— 5,000 tons. To store after breaking would cost less, but the wisdom of doing so i? open to question. 450 running feet of shed at $8 |;^5oo ^^ 950 " " carrierat95c 90250 40 " " elevator, etc 6^ ^^ I 2 H.P. motor, wiring, belting, pulleys, etc g2 so Add $4,500 to provide for storage of another 5,000 tons. STORE FOR MAi^UFACTURED FUEL. One shed, 40X 70 ft. Estimated required storage— 50 per cent, of the output of the 6 8 i months in -/hich the least fuel is burned -«, 900 tons Capacity 20-38 tons per foot according to density ; the storage is here calculated on the density of the Ellice peat (vould run 28 tons to the foot in these sheds.) 70 running feet (»f shed at $8 140 " " carrier at 95 cts '5 " " elevator to cars, etc $560 . ",a 00 Add $675 to provide- for storage of another 1,900 tons. Note :— The cost of the buildings was figured by a contractor on a design furnished him— 3 ply tar paper on roof— hipped roof for Cc-rriers above- hoppered floor and channel under floor for carriers-all well built and desif;ned to save manual labor in handling either the crude o- manufactured article. When the trains arrive at the n:achinery shed they may either be dumped or unloaded gradually to suit the carrier and elevator which takes; the peat to the breakers above the machine. Chain-rakers or or other device may be installed to regulate ihe feeding of carriers or breakers. The powdered peat will descend into a .'eed box and thence to the machine. The manu- factured article will dr -. onto an elevator which will transfer its load to a carrier running under the roof of the store-house. A switch can be placed where required to unload the carrier. The store-house for the crude article for winter use can be filled in ihe same way; and both store-houses can be emptied by having a carrier run under the cen- tral portion of the floor, which nortion will consist of a hatchway in sections, which can be removed successively ai will, to allow the peat to fall upon the carrier. If it is desirable or cheaper, in the case of the manufactured artir'" " load by ;:,ravity into the cars on the switch, the lowei carrier can be dispensed .1.. A con- siderable saving in carriers may be effected by widening the shed ana the cost of handling -ihe peat not increased, because the feeder has time on his hands. The carriers here figured on are constructed on the principal of clay carriers, stout can- vas being used, supported every x8 inches by slats of wood fastened by means of attachment links to two strands of link belting, ->ne on either side of the canvr.s ; the whole being supported every 10 ft. by idlers witn the necessary sprockets, take-ups, etc., at either end. (Wooden slats may be substituted for canvas a* an increase of cost.) This style of carrier is suggested on account of the lessened 'riction which would be considerable in any form of carrier which transported its load with scrapers. TRAM TRACKS. Steel Angles— If x 2 x 5/16 in.— 2.7 lbs. per foot. Spikes — 2^ X 5/16 in. — 20 to the lb., spaced 30 in. Stringers and Ties — 2 x 4 in., hemlock. Ties — 5 ft. long, spaced 33 in. A T rail, say 4 lbs. per ft., would be preferable, and the extra cost would be say $300 per mile. COST PER MILK. 14.25 tons angles at $40 I^^^ ^^ 2 kegs spikes for angles at $7.50 j- q^ 3 kegs spikes for timber at $2 g ^^ 6i M for ties at $10, delivered 6s 00 7 M for stringers at .$10 y^ ^^ Punching angles, labor in field, etc j^g qq I mile track (switches, etc., extra) ®825 qq 4 trams (for more expensive trams say $200) iqo 00 $926 ou SUMMARY. lO HRS. PBR DAY. Machinery shed and contents $6,700 Storage for crude peat 4,630 Storage for product 725 Tracks, including switches, etc., and trams 950 Ballastingof railway switch and ties (nominal distance) say 250 I13.275 20 HRS PER DAY |6,7oo 9.150 1,400 1,850 250 $19,350 kxpe;;ditu:je for labor without rfaknue. Excavating, drying, and tramming from May ist to Sept. 30, 7,500 tons at 80 cts $6,000 Ma^iUfacturing from June i to Sept. 30; 2,500 tons at 30c. 750 6.750 Double this amount for 20 hrs. per day. 13.500 $20,025 (14,000 1,500 3,000 2,500 $22,525 $32,850 1, 000 $33,850 REQUIRED CAPITAL (annual product 7,500 tons)... REQUIRED CAPITAL (annual product 15,000 tons).. Add tor dredge and distributor, set down in swamp(.?).... Deduct in this case from labor account for 7,500 tons For 15,000 tons Balance required to add respecti vely N.B. — Add for premiums to Canadian Peat Fuel Com- pany and organization expenses Add for price of peat lands Add for drainage and cleaning land, if necessary ... Add for boarding house, if necessary Note. — The cost of the dredge to excavate the peat at loc. per dry ton is only suggested here. A further margin allowed it will be noticed. A 3 or 4 H.P. locomotive ought also to be figured or, for large works, which could probably be procured for about $750 where a number were turned out from same design. It is obvious that the amounts of required '-^pital as given above may be reduced (even if no credit were obtainable on warehouse receipts, etc.) considering that the first year's output is not likely to be, and in any case need not b , the full capacity of the plant. Sub- sequently a certain amount of credit will be obtainable and the machines may be run to their full capacity, and the remaining required storage constructed without further calls on subscriptions or without issuing new stock, if otherwise desired. ESTIMATED COST OF PRODUCTION PER TON Note Especially that ordinary labor is placed at $1,00 per day of 10 hours. For each additional 25c, per day, there will be required to add to the cutting, spreading, turning, stacking, tramming and cost of collection of fuel about 20 cents, when the cutting and spreading is done by hand, and about 10 cents, when dredge is used to the "cutting and spreading." Allow further increases or deductions when salaries paid to engineers, etc., are not the local rates. The tramming is supposed to be done by locomotive when placed at 8 and 9 cents. COMPRESSOR OF STEAM TYPE Cutting and spreading, under favorable condi- tions $0 35 Turning ;ind slacking o 24 ONE MACHINE PLANT. TWO MACHINE PLANT USING STEAM EXCAVATOR. po ir o 32 $0 10 O j2 10 Tramming, i2Jtc.; storing, ic o 13^ o 09 o 08 Foreman over above 004 002 002 Incidentals (specially re " cutting and spreading") o 06J 007 006 Total cost of dry crude peat at sheds $0 83 $0 60 Unstoring crude peat {by carrier) 003 003 Manufacture and repairing, labor o 13 o 13 Fuel (cost of collection) 006 005 Repair material (including excavator) o 01^ o o2| Oil, waste, etc. " " o 01 o oii Incidentals o 03^ o 03 — — o 28 o 28 Total cost of fuel in store house fi 11 fo 88 Loading into cars by elevator o 01 o 01 o 01 Freight — 10 miles o 35 o 35 o 35 Delivery in town o 25 o 25 o 25 Manager, office expenses, insurance and inci- dentals o $0 58 o 02 o 09 o 05 O 02^ O oii o 03 o 24 $0 82 Total cost of manufacture and delivery Royalty to Canadian Peat Fuel Co Deductions, if fuel sold to factories on switch : For " delivery in town " 25 Say ^ office expenses o 12 25 86 25 86 $1 74 25 20 81 $1 63 25 |i 97 25 f2 22 o 37 $1 85 )i 99 o 37 |i 62 $1 88 o 37 f I 51 Bad Deists. — Nothing is allowed in the cost per ton. Advertising. — Nothing is allowed for this unless the office expenses cover it. The allow- ance of 20 cents per ton on 3,000 tons, the product of a two-machine plant, will give a total of $6,000 for office expenses. Depreciation. — Deduct from profits 10 per cent, on cost of machinery and buildings. Interest on Rails on Switch.^ — Deduct ... per cent, on $ per mile of siding. ESTIMATED COST OF A ONE MACHINE PLANT. Comprising one compressor of the GEAR type, one breaker, etc. Product lA tons per hour or 3,750 tons per year of 250 working days at 10 hours each. MACHINERY SHED AND CONTENTS. Building, (30 X 40) — with foundations for machines $ 30000 Compressor (capacity li tons per hour;, weight 7 tons 1,500 00 Breaker 200 00 Engine, 30 H.P., and 40 H.P. bailer (locomotive type), injector, fittings and foundations 1.300 00 Pump for fire protection (second hand) and 200 ft. of hose 250 00 Carriers, elevator, hoppers, feed box, chute and tank 125 00 Belting, shafting, pulleys, etc 1 50 00 Tools, $30, If eight and cartage, $73 125 00 II fi Installation of all machinery above mentioned 250 00 Inspection, travelling and incidentals 250 00 . . $4,450 00 STORE FOR CRUDE PEAT— 8 mos., supply, 2,500 tons $2,30000 STORE FOR PRODUCT— 500 tons 200 00 Tracks and trams— i mile and 2 trams 45° °° $2,950 00 EXPENDITURE FOR LABOR— without revenue. Excavating, drying and tramming from May ist to Sept. 30, 3,750 tons @ 80 cts. 3,000 00 Manufacturing 900 tons C" 30 cts 270 00 $3,270 00 $10,670 00 Note :— A second hand engine and boiler may be procured for about $500. Preliminary expenses for plant and the manufacture of 1,000 tons may be placed at about $5,000. Add in capital the price of the peat lands, cost of drainage and clearing if necessary. ESTIMATED COST OF PRODUCTION. One Machine Plant, Gear Type. per ton Cutting and spreading (under favorable conditions) $0.30 Turning and stacking 24 Tramming, 08 ; storing, 01 09 Foreman over above °5 Incidentals (specially re cutting and spreading) 06 74 Unstoring crude peat by carrier 03 Manufacture and repairing labor 20 Fuel (cost of collection) 06 Repair material °3 Oil, waste, etc °^ I ncidentals °3 36 $1.10 Delivery by wagon within three miles 25 Management, insurance, etc 25 50 $1.60 Royalty to (.. P. F. Co 25 $1.85 Add for railway freight if necessary. Note previous remarks on cost of ordinary labor, depreciation, etc. The total $1.85 com- pares favorably with the cost of production on larger works, because the spreading would cost less than on large works; the distance to tram would not be so great; for unstoring, a boy @ 75 cts. per day would do ; the delivery could be done more cheaply from a small plant because the demand for labor would not be so great as to cause a rise in prices, the managing etc. would not demand a special office, and no calcula- tion for freight by railway is considered as required. ARTHUR G. ARDAGH, TORONTO. QNT. January, 1899. t2 [ " 1 178. Addcrlcy {Sir C. B.) {Lord Norton). Relations of England with the Colonies. Lond. 1862 179. Howe {Hon. Joseph). A Letter to the Right Hon. C. B. Addeiicy on the Relations of England with her Colo- nies. " Lond. 1S63 180. Pliimmcr {John). Our Colonies. Being an Essay on the advantages accruing to the British Nation from its possession of the Colonies, considered Economi- cally, Politically, and Morally. Lond. 1S64 181. Howe {Hon. Joseph). The Organisation of the Empire. Lond. 1866 182. Confederation considered in Relation to the Interests of the Empire. Lond. 1866 183. Hamilton {P. S.). A Review of the lion. Joseph Howe's Essay entitled "Confederation considered in Relation to the Interests of the Empire." Halifax (N.S.) 1S66 1S4. Clinton {Colonel Henry). A Reform Bill^A fair and full Representation in the rarliament of England for the whole English Empire. Lond. 1866 185. Hursthonse {Charles). Letter to the Earl of Carnarvon, Secretary of State for the Colonies. Subjects — (i) British Regiments in New Zealand. (2) New Zealand as a permanent Military Station of the Empire. (3) Britain's Colonial Emjiiie — whether to keep it? (4) How Great Britain might become "Greater.' Lond. 1S66 186, Australasian Federation, witli the further Question of seeking Separation from the Mother Country. Lond. 1866 187. Carnarvon {Earl of). The Confederation of the British North American Provinces. Speech in the House of Lords, February 19. Lond. 1867 1%^. EdJy{C.JV.). Trade Follows the Flag. Lond. 1867 1S9. Hursthonse {C. /'7i//clers). The Incorporation of Britain's Colonial into her Home I^mpirc. The political fusion and amalgamation of the two — their consolidation into one. Lond. 1867 190. Halihurton {R. G.). Intercolonial Trade our only Safe- guard against Disunion. Ottawa. 1S68 191. Federal Union. Despatches of Sir George Grey. Lond. 1868 192. Maifie {R. A.). The Relations of the United Kingdom with the Colonies. Leilli. 1869 193. ll'o///'{Sir Henry Druinniond). The Mother Country m\A the Colonics. Lond. 1869 194. Kih^our {Henry). The liritish Fmpire. Proposed institu- tion of a joint Connnitlee of the Legislatures and Governments of the Empire, hav'ing periodical meet- ings in Great Ikitain. Lond. 1869 195. Weld (Sir P'rederick A.). Notes on New Zealand Affairs. Comprising a sketch of its Political History in reference especially to the Native (^)uestion ; its present position ; the jiolicy for the future, and a few general remarks upon the Relation of England to her Colonies. Lond. 1866 196. Pott {Charles). Letter to the Right Hon. W. E. Glad- stone on tlie Withdrav\al of tiie Troops from the Cape of Good Hope. Graiuimstown (CC.) 1869 [ 13 1 869 1870 1870 1871 1871 1S72 1872 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 228. 229. 230. 231- 232. 233- 2J4- 235- 236. 237- 23S. 239- 240. 241. 242. /Ff/r/ {Sir Frcdenck A.). Speech un the Relation between England and her Colonies, aijd their Duties in refer- ence to Defence. Launceston, Tas. Little (/. Stanhy). A World Empire : being an Essay iipnn Imperial Federation. Lond. Coloinb (Capt. [Sir] J. C. /?.). The Naval and Military Resources of the Colonies. Lond. An Organised Empire. Lond. //earn {//on. IV. E.). National Loyalty; or, the Colo- nies and the Mother Country. Melbourne. Spng^i^r(Sir/. Gordon). Speech on Resolutions proposing a Conference to consider the practicability of a Union of the South African Colonies. Cape Town. Robertson [Alexander). Two Speeches on ou.- Home and Colonial affairs. Our National Resources, their present and probable future condition ; antl the British Colonies, their present condition and future prospects. Dundee. A Federal Rritish Empire the IJest Defence. Constitutional Union of the United Kingdom and the ■olonies. A Practical Method for the Constitutional Union of the United Kingdom and the Nine Parliamentary Colonies. Lond. England's Future. By A\ A'. S. Lond. Robertson (Alexander). The British Colonies : their Present Condition and Future Prospects. The British and Colonial Union, Estaljlished for the Con- • iidcralion and Furtherance of Trade between Great Britain, her Colonies and Dependencies, to Promote the Commercial Interests of the British Empire, and Preserve its Unity and Integrity. Conference of Dele- gates from the various Chambers of Commerce of the British Colonies and Possessions on the subject of Jiritish and Intercolonial Tariffs, held at Westminster Palace Hotel. Lond. Jervois [Sir IV. F. D.). Colonisation. Adelaide. Imperial Federation. Petition of the London Chamber of Commerce to the Right Hon. the Earl of Derby, Secretary of State for the Colonies. Lond. Gait [Sir Alexander T.). The Relations of the Colonics to the Empire ; Present and Future. Lond. Eckroyd [ J!'. Farrer). Sjieech on Customs and Inland Revenue Bill in the House of Commcns, April 26lh. I88^ ^ V _ . )■«<;/,;'■ {[.^i>] Frederick). Or. the Political Mother Countries and Colonies. Lond. Relations of Lond. Macrae [Nez'. David). Britain not England. Edin. Imperial Federation and Parliamentary Reform. Lond. Serz'ice [/awes). Federation of Australasia. Speech in Moving the Adoption by the Legislative Assembly of Resolutions endorsing the proceedings of the Sydney Convention of Noveml;cr and December, 1S83. Melbourne. 1879 1S79 1879 1879 1879 1880 1880 18S0 iSSo 1880 1880 1880 1881 1882 188: 1883 1883 1883 1884 1884 1884 Ml 243- 244. 245- 246. 247. 24S. 249. 250. 251. 252. McGomi {Arch.), Soper^W. G.). I" 14 ] Federation of the Empire. Montreal. The United Kingdom or the Empire? Lond. The Political Organisation of Lond. Gait (Sir Alexander 7.) the Empire. Imperial Federation. What should be the next Step of the Imperial Federation League ? By a Leaguer. Lond. Orpcn{J. 71/.). Why and How the Colonies should at once be given Home Representation in England. Grahamstovvn, Cape Colony. Wise (A'.). An Australian Appeal to the English De- mocracy. [Private circulation.] Sydney. Bmoen (Sir George /'.). Letter to a Member of Parliament on the (Question of the Proposed Federation of the Empire. Hong Kong. J'^iessell ( IF. J.). Are we to keep or lose our Colonies ? Southampton. Ireland and the Empire. Ottawa. Davin (N. F.). Palliser (Capt. Federation. E.). The Military Aspect of Imperial Ottawa. 2^. 254. 255- 256. 257- 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. Merri/iiaii (Hon. J. X.). The Formation of a Nation. Lond. Young (Sir Frederick). tion at Cambridge. Imperial Federation and Parliamentary Reform \n Addreso on Imperial Federa- Lond. Lond. Page (Major S. Flood). ment. Home Rule and Imperial Parlia- Lond. The Fishery Question : its Imperial Ottawa. Boiiriiiot (J. G. Importance. Hcaton { /. Henniker). Recent History of the Imperial Penny Postage Movement. (Imperial Federation.) Taylor (11. D' Ester re). Disruption of the Empire. Melb. Wood (J. Deunistoun). Irish Home Rule from a Colonial Point of View. Lond. Wood (J. D.). A Letter on the Election of Lord Rosebery as Chairman of the Imperial Federation League, ad- dressed to the l^xecutive Committee of the League. Lond. Fifty Years' Progress. Special Number of Imperial Federa- tion. Contents : — Lond. The Area of the Empire. By C. E. Hoivard Vincent, C.B.,M.P. Tlie Population of the United Kingdom and the Self-Govern- ing Colonies in 1837 and 1885. By/. Dcjwisfoun Wood, late Attorney-Gentral of Victoria. The Laws of the lunpire. By Sir Mn Gorst, Q.C., M.P., late Solicitor-General of England. Growth of Constitutional Self-Government in the Empire. By /'. /'. Ldhilliere, Barrister-at-Law. Administrative Unity. By Sir Hcmy Barkly, G.C.M.G., A'. C.B. , late (iovernor of Cape Colony. Religious Development. By Canon Dalton, M.A., C.M.G. The Progress of Popular Education. By Steplien A. Szuaine /■'./y.Hist.Sic., J-.P.Co/./nst. 18S4 1884 1884 188s 1885 1885 188S 1885 1885 1885 1885 1885 1885 1886 1886 1886 1886 1886 1886 1886 1884 1 884 1884 1885 1885 1885 188s 1885 1885 1885 1885 [ '5 J 270. The Trade of the British Empire, Now and Fifty Years Ago. By Stephen Bonnie, F.S.S., F.K.Col.hnt. 271. Naval and Military Progress. By Col. Sir C. H. Ntiscnt, K.C.B. 272. The Growth of Responsibility, By Capt, {Sir) J, C. R. Colomb, late R.M.A. Diagrams and Map. 273. Young {James). Our National Future : Being Four Letters by James Young in Opposition to Commercial Union (as proposed) and Imperial Federation ; and pointing out what the writer believes to be the true future of Canada as a part of North America. Gait. 1887 274. Ross {P. II. IK). Federation of the British Colonies: A Paper of Suggestions. Lond. 1887 275. Gisbornc {IVilliaiit). Imperial Federation. Lond. 1887 276. Imperial Federation on a Coinmercial Basis : Free Trade versus Fair Trade. By/. E. D. Ilobart. 1887 277. Tainplin {/I. T.). Tublic Spirit : An Address on Colonial Patriotism. Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony. 1887 278. Ra7oson {Sir Rawson IV.). British and Foreign Colonies. Lond. 1887 279. Herscy {Maurice). Genesis of Imperial Federation. Sydney. 1S87 2S0. An Essay on Practical Federation. By Centurion. Lond. 1887 281. Fenton {Ferrar). Union of the British Race. Lond. 1887 282. Legge {C. If. G.). Imperial Federation : Practical Sug- gestions with Reference thereto. G'town. 1887 283. Seeley {/. R.). Our Colonial Expansion. Lond. 1887 284. Morton {James). Gladstone Answered, and the Irish Question Solved by Means of a British Federation Union. Lond. 1887 2S5. Little (/. Stanley). The United States of Britain : An Address on England and her Colonies. (niildford. 1887 286. Waterhouse {Herbert). Imperial Federation. Bradford. 1887 287. Heyes {/. F.). Aspects of Imperial Federation. Lond. 1888 288. Gregory {Morgan). A Few .Suggestions on Imperial Federation and Land Law Reform. Sheffield. 1S88 289. Rosebery {RigJit Hon. the Earl of). Speeches at Leeds and Edini)urgh. Lond. 1888 290. Morgan {0. V., M.P.). Speech on the P'ederation of the Empire. Montreal. 1888 291. McNeill {Alexander). Spet-:h on the Federation of the Empire. Montreal. 18S8 292. Mercier {Hon. Honorc), Premier of Quebec. Speech at the Annual Banquet of the Club National, Montreal, loth April. 1888 293. Kilgotir {James). Some Observations on the .Subject of the Federation of the British Empire. Thames, N.Z. 1888 294. Chrislison {Robert). United Australia and Imperial Federa- tion. Lond. 18S8 295. A Plea for Separation (from the Mother Country.) Melbourne. 1888 296. Bmnett {F, J.)-. Confederation ; Great Britain and her Colonies. Brisbane. 1888 Hi 297, 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303- 304. 305. [ 16 ] CnUiuan [Henry Cooke). The CoiLsolidalion of the Empire. Address delivered in the Dining Ilall of Trinity Colieye, Dul)lin, before the University I'liilosophical Society. Dublin. niaden {Frank A/.). The Growlli of tlie Australasian Coloiues, and their I'rcscnt Kelaliun to the Mother Country. .Sydney. Voioig- {S/r Fredcnck), Imperial P\-deration in .Scotland. Johnstone. Biniiiore {Charles J.). The Canadian Nationality. Montreal. The Imperial P\'deration Leat;ue in Canada. Lend. Rogers (/. Warrington), .1/../. Odds and Ends of the Hritish Empire. Melbourne J.ittle {J. Stanley). A Vision of Empire. A Lecture on Imperial Federation. Lond. Ilutehison {George). Home Rule and Federation. Lond. Colonics and India. Articles, Correspondence, &c., on Impc"ial and Colonial Federation. 1S88 iSSS 1888 1888 1 888 :SSS 1889 1889 MAGAZINE ARTICLES. 306. Considerations on the Relative Duties and Interests of Mother Countries and Colonies. [Oriental I/erald (Vol. X., pp. 205— 217) ; (\'ol XL, pp. I — 16). L^nf,, 307. Colonial Reform. [R. M. Martin's Colonial Mamdne {Mo\. L. nn 74-84). Loml. 308. Colonies ui their I'olitical and Commercial Relations to tlie Parent State. [R. M. Martin's Colonial Maeadne (Vol. I. nii 153-166). '' " 309. Social Effect of Colonies on England. [R. M. Martin's Colonial Magazine (\'ol I pp. 285— Z95). 310. Forms of Government Estal)Iished in British Colonies. [R. AL Martin's Colonial Magazine (\'ol. 'll PP- 137—152). 311. England's Treatment of her Colonists. [R. M. Martin's Colonial Mas;azine (\'oI. II pp. 346—350). 312. Representation of the Colonies in the Imperial Parliament. [R. M. Martin's Colonial Magazine (\'ol. Ill pp. 41—49). 313. Efiects on England of Colonial Misgovernment. [R. M. Martin's Colonial Magazine (pp. 401—406). 314. England and Her Offsjiring. [Colonial Magazine (pp. 307 — 326). 315. Jenkins { Edioard). Imperial Federation. [ Contemporary. Janua;y, 316. Ilalihiirton {R. G.). The Dream of the United Empire Loyalists of 1776. \St. James's Magazine (pp. 127—144). 317- A United Empire. [St. James's Magazine (pp. 277—280). 1826 1S40 1840 1840 1S40 1S40 1840 1841 1852 1871 1872 1S70 [ '7 ] i888 1 888 1888 1888 1888 :SSS 1826 1S40 1840 1840 1S40 1S40 318, 319. 320, 321. 322. 323. 324. 325. 326. 327. 328. 329- 330. 331. 332. 333- 334- 335. 336. 338. 339- 340. 341. 342. 343' 344- 345- Vo,!;^c/ (Sirjitlhis). Dicey [Edward), Blackford {Lord), Milhunte {\V. J, S.), (A Colonist of T-weitty Years,) Kmpire or no Knipire. {Frasers A/axaziiu; I)occinl}er, Hamilton (/'. .S'.). An Alternative in Colonial Pcjiicy. {St, James's Magazine (pp. 701—710). A Protest from a Colonist. {.St. James's Magazine (pp. 127 — 129). Halihurton [R, G.), The (,)iieen and a United Empire. [St. James's Mat^azine, Jaruiaiy, Colonial Distinctions. [Fraser's Magazine, Scptemb.-r, Matlie-u'S {Jehu). The Political Future of Canada. \_Canadian Monthly, July, August, and December, The Colon'al (Question. l!\Iell>our„e Kcvie-o (Vol. I., pp. 476—496), October, On the P.enefit of the Colonies being Members of the liritish I'lmpire. A Review of a Paper by J. D. Wood. [Mellourne A'evie-cO (Vol. II., pp. 218—219). Lulihck {Sir John), On the Imperial Policy of Crcat ^''■'''iJn- {Nineteenth Century, March, Smith {Cohki'in), Political Destiny of Canada. {Fortnightly, April, Greater or Lesser Britain. {Nineteenth Century, July, Mr. Gladstone and our Empire. {Nineteenth Century, September, Integrity of the British Empire. {Nineteenth Century, October, Baden-Powell ([6"/;-] George), I-:ngland and her Colonies. {Frascr^ Magazine, Vogel {Sir Jtlius), The British lunpire. Mr, Loxae and Lord Blachford, {Nineteenth Century, April, Hincks {Sir Francis), The Political Destiny of Canada. {Nineteenth Century, June, Whitman {James), Imperial Confederation and Colonial ^''-■''■'"ce. {Nc'o Canadian Monthly, July, Lowe {Rt. ILon, Rokrt) {L.ord Shcrbrooke). Imperialism. {Fort)iightly, October, Pai-kcs {Sir Ifenry). An Australian Nation. [A/eiliourne Review {\o\, IV., pp. 325—333), October, Cunningham {G, C). The Federation of the English Empire. {IVestminster, April, July, and October, Douglas {ILon. Jhn). An Australian Nation. {Mcll'ourne Review (\'ol. \., pp. i — 14). farvis {Lieut. -Colonel S, M.). Imperial Federation and Canadian Defences. {Canadian Monthly, May, Cunningltam {G. C), Federation, Annexation, or In- dependence. {Canadian Monthly, March, Bourir.ot {J, G ). The National Development of Canada. {Canadian Monthly, March, Imperial Federation. {The Bystander, March, Topp {A. M.). The Defence of the Empire. {Mcl/ioui-ne Review (Vol. VI., pp. 324—329). Imperial Policy of Great Britain. {IVestmitister, April, Cross { Lhomas). Canada and the Empire. {Canadian DLonthly, September, 1872 1873 1873 1874 1874 187s 1876 1877 1877 1877 1877 1877 1877 1878 1878 1878 1878 1878 1879 1879 1880 ic^8o iSSo iSSo 1S80 1S80 1879 1S81 [ I« ] 346. Forslcr ( IVilliain). Rcprescmativc Cnvernnicnt in the Culonics. \MeH'ournc A'cvicw (Vol. VI., pp. I — Sj. 1S81 347. Stottl {Sir A'.). Titles for Colonists. r.lAV/w/rw AVwtw (\'ol. VI., pp 221—232). iSSi 348. India and our Colonial T'mpire. [IVesf/zii'iis/iir, A\m\, iSSi ^9. 7W(/ (.7////(7/.f). Is Loyalty to Canada a Sentiment or a I'rinciple? [Caiiaiiiaii Moiit/i/y, November, 1S81 350. Hiin/:s [Sir Fraitcis). Canadian Independence. [Caiiaiiiait Monthly^ October, 18S1 351. Mcitdcll (G. Ih). Ausfrplia for the Australians. [Mdl'oiinic Kcvirw (Vol. VII., pp. 315 — 324). 18S2 352. The Colonial Status (^)uo v. Canadian Independence. [Canadian A/on//i/y, l-'eliruary, 1882 353. Frcrc [Sir If. Partlc E,). Have we a Colonial Policy ? \ National Rcviciv, .September, 18S3 354. Forstcr [If. O. Ai-nold-). The Liberal Idea and the Colonies. [Ninctecnl/i Century., September, 1S83 355. Parsons [II. G.). Federation. [iMc/l>oinnc Rcvic7^> (Vol. IX., pp. 90—95). 18S4 356. Carnarvon [Earl of). Annexa'''on and Confederation in Australasia. [Cunteinporary, January, 1884 357. /\u-l:cs [Sir Henry). Our Growing Australian Empire. [Nineteenth Century, January, 1884 358. Morley [John). The Expansion of England. [A/acinillan, February, 1 884 359. Smith [Professor Goldii'in). The Expansion of l^igland. [Contemporary, A[)ril, 1884 360. Parkes [Sir Ilemy). Australia and the Imperial Con- nection. [Nineteenth Century, May, 1884 361. Lahilliere [P. P.). The Contraction of England and its Advocates. [National, June, 1884 362. England and her Second Colonial Empire. [Quarterly, July, 1884 363. Palto): [Pev. Canon J. N.). The Federal States of the World. [Nineteenth Century, July, 1884 364. Norton [Riyfit Hon. Lord). Imperial Federation: its Im- possibility. [Nineteenth Century, SepvoiMber, 1S84 365. Bnrroa's [Professor Alontagu). Imperial Federation. [National, November, 1884 366. JJ'ilson [Sir Sa/nuel). Imperial Federation. [National, November, 1884 367. Dciii^las [John). Imperial Federation from an Australian I'oiitof View. [Nineteenth Century, December, 1S84 36S. Baker {II. N'.). The Federation Movement in Australia. [Contemporary, December, 1S84 369. National Unity: a Review of a Paiier read by (Sir) G. Baden-Powell at a Meeting of the Royal Colonial Institute, iJecember 9, 1884. 1884 [West Indian Quarterly (No. I, Vol. I., pp. 10 — 21). 1885 370. Service [James). Despatch to Agent-General for Victoria on Imperial Federation. [Nineteenth Century, February, 1885 iSSi l8Si iSSi iSSi iSSi IS82 IS82 IS83 IS83 1S84 1S84 IS84 1884 I8S4 1884 1884 1884 1884 IS84 1084 1884 18S4 IS84 1884 1885 I8S5 371- 372. j7j 374. 375. 376. 377- 375^. 379. 3S0. 381. 382. 383. 384- 385. 3S6. 3S7. 388. 389. 390- 391- 392. 393- 394- 395- L 19 ] Forstcr {Rii^ht lion, IV, £.). Imperial t'cderr.t ion. [iViiii/ii-n//i Century, I*'ol)riiaiy niul March, 1S85 Lome [Ki:.:ht lion, the Afan/nis 0/). The Unity of tlic Empire. [A/'incteent/t C'en/nrj>, yiavch, :8j5 Bipy {A'/'x/it //i>n. Viseount). The Unity of tiie Empire. [Xineteent/i Century, March, lS8s Freeman {/•:, A.). Imperial Federation. \_Macininan, April, 1^85 Finch- Ilallon {Hon, Harold). Lord I'ury ami Imjierial Federation. \_Nationa!, April, 1S85 Wilson [Sir Samuel), A Scheme for Imperial Federation. {Nineteenth Century, April, 1885 Howies (7". Ci/'sou). (live and Take with the Colonies. {Fortnightly, May, 1885 Tenif>le {Sir A'irhar,l), Imperial Federation. [A\'7'ne Coloiiiale hiteruationale, July, 1885 Meuilell (G. /).), An Australian Protest against Inii)erial Federation. {Mell'ourne Review, July, 1885 Thriux (Sir Henry), [Lord Thrin-). The Fallacy of Imperial Federation. {Nineteenth Century, January, 1886 Delta. Colonial Defence. {West Indian Quarterly (Vol. I., No. 4, pp. 364 — 371)- 1886 Baden- rowel I ([.SVrj 6".). Representative Government for the Empire. {Contemporary, Octolier. 1886 Coloinh ([^//-] John C. A\) Cosmopolitan Theories and Colonial Facts. {liJurray, January, 1S87 Gi-eswell ( IV.). The Colonial Conference. {National, January, 1887 Stout [Sir A'.). Colonial View of Imperial Fetleralion. {Nineteenth Century, March, 1887 Th ring [Lord). Home Rule and Imperial Unity. {Contemporary, March, lS37 Merriijtan [J. X.), Tiie Closer Union, of the Empire. {Nineteenth Century, April, 1S87 Baden-Powell '\_Sir'\ George). Fifty Years of Colonial Development. {Fortnightly, June, 1887 Dilhe (Sir Charles), Present Position of the United Kingdom with Regard to European Politics. {Fortnightly, June, 1SS7 Sceley (Frofessor J, A'.). The Georgian and Victorian Expansion. {Fortnightly, July, 1887 Gres7c>ell ( JJ'illiam). Our First Amphictyonic Council (The Colonial Conference). [Actional, October, 1S87 Davis (A^. /Darnell). Short Plan of Imperial Federation. [West Indian Quarterly (\ol. II., pp. 3S3— 390). 1887 Bourinot ( /. G. ). Canada and the Federation of the I'mpire. {Revue Coloniale Irilernationale (Vol. \ ., No. i, pp. I — 22). Amsterdam. 1887 Imperial Federation : Canada and the United States. {Westminster, February, iSSS Wise [B. R.), A ?*Ienace io National Unity. {Macmillait, June, 188S L --0 ] 396. lloUaitd{[[on. Lionel F.). Mr. Goldwin Smith and Canada. \_Niitio>ial, June, 1 888 397. Smi//i [P.-of. Cohhun). Straining the Si'ken Thread. l.t/aii/iil/aii, August, 1SS8 398. Chiis/ison{Rokrt). United AusU.dia and Inipevlal Fede- ration. \_lVcstiiiiustc>; September, 1888 399. Reorganisation ol llie F.mnire. [Century Mai;azitic, New York, Noveml)er, 18S8 400. Federation versus War. [ West III itis/er, January, 1 889 40[. 402. 403. 404. 405. 406. 407. 408. 409. 410. 411 412. 413 414. 415- 416. 417. LahiUiereKF. i\ Colonies. Macfic[R. J.). [So. Macfic{R. A.). SOCIETIES' PROCEEDINGS. Wesli^arth [U'i/l/aiii). The Relations of the Colonies to tile Mother Country. [Pro. Koyal Colonial Institute, i. 1869 MacJlc{R. A.). The United Kingdom and the Colonies one Autonomic P^mpirf . [Social Science Congress, Ikistol. 1869 . P\iture Relations of England and her [Social .Science Congress, liristol. 1869 Imperial and (^)lonial l^olicy. .. ...^lence Congress, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 1870 Notes on Colonial and Imperial Policy. [Social Science Congress, Newcastle. 1870 Lahilliere (F. P.). Constitutions of the Australian Coloiiies. [Pro. Royal Colonial Institute, ii. 1870 IVestgartk [IVilliain). The Colonial Question. [Pro. Royal Colonial Institute, ii. 187 1 Cntlnuadi {A. C). The Relations of the Colonies to the Parent State. [Pro. Royal Colonial Institute, ii. 1871 Westi^mrth ( IVilliaiu). Practical Views and Suggestions on our Colonial Relations. [Pro. Royal Colonial Institute, iii. 1 87 1 Macfic (A'. A.). The Crisis of the Empire : Imperial Fede- ration. [Pro. Royal Colonial Institute, iii. 1871 Wesf-,.r(h ( ]V.\ On the Policy of Extending the pjupire. [Social Science Congress, Plymouth. 1872 HainiUon (Art hi bald). The Colonies. [Jour. Statistical Soc, ISIarch, 1S72 'Vest;^arth ( IV.). Propositions for the Reform of our Relatio 1- .ulh the ("(jionies. [Pro. Royal Colonial Institute, iii. 1872 Coloiiib [Captain \_Sir'\ J. C. 7?.). Colonial Defences. [Pro. Royal Colonial Institute, iv. 1873 Miller {A. /:'., Q.C.). On the Cu titution of a Supreme Court of Appeal for the Pritish mpire. [Trans. Social Science Assoc. 1874 EMf (C. jr.). The Rest Means of Drawing together the Interests of the United Kingdom and the Colonies. [Pro. Royal Colonial Institute, vi. 1874 LnhiUir.rr [F. P.). The Per- nnent Unity of the l-'nijiiro. [Pro. Royal Colonial Institute, vi. 1875 [ 21 J 418. Pissct {S.'rjo/iii). SuiUh Africa ami IIci Colniiit's. [Tro. Royal Colonial Institute, vii. (pp. 1 10— 112). 1875 419. ll\>ou(J. Dciinistoim). On the ItoiK.'Cit to the L'oloiiies ol heiii^ Members of the Hritish Knipire. [I'ro. Royal Colonial In»tiUite, viii. 1876 420. Co!om!> {Capfiiii! {Sir]/. C. A'.). Imperial atul Colonial Kesponsihilities in War. [I'ro. Koyal Colonial Institute, viii. 1877 421. I'orsUr {ll'iliiam). Fallacies of Kej. Brassey, Lord , "K. C. B. , 422. Brigns, Thomas, 197. Brougham, Henry, 9. Bryce, R. B., i 54. Buchanan, David, 80. Tolm, 330. Buller, Charles, 12. Burke, Edmund, 5, 6, 7, ']-i^. Burrows, Prof. Montagu, 57. 3^35. Bury, \ iscount, K.C.M.G., 373. Busby, James, 25. liutler, W. J., 13. Campbell, SirGeorge, Bart.,M.l'., 88. Carnarvon, Earl of, 187, 356. Cattanach, A. C, 408. Chapman, II. S., 171. Christison, Robert, 294, 398. Clinton, Colonel Henry, 184. Colmer, J. G., C.M.G., 132. Colomb, Sir John, K.C.M.G., M.P., 45, 56, 1 28, 131, 200, 220, 224, 272, 383, 414, 420, 440. Costelloe, 15. T. C, 113. Cotton, J. S., 60. Creasy, Sir Edward, 206. Cross, Thomas, 345, CuUinan, II. C , 297. Cunningham, G. C., 2>y], 340. Cust, Sir E., 167. Dalton, Canon, 107, 124, 2r;S, 363. iJaly, Mrs. I) minic, 84. Davin, N. F., 251. Davis, N. Darnell, 392. Denison, Sir William, 198. Dicey, ]-](lward, 329. Dilke, Sir Charles, Wxxi., 3S9. Disraeli, Right Hon. 1)., 202. Dixie, Lady Florence, 117. Douglas, Sir Howard, 160. Douglas, Hon. J., 338, 367. Doutre, Joseph, <^.C., 54. Ducane. Sir Charles, K.C.M. G. 21S. ] F.ckroyd, \V. Farrer, 23S. Kddy, C. ^V., 18S, 416. Farrer, Sir T. 11., 96. I'enion, Fcnar, 281. Fenton, Tames, 63. Finch-llatt.,n, Ilun. II., yS, 57:. Iitzc^erald, J. C.,S9. ^ Fitzherhei-t, .Sir William, K.C..M.G., ,48. F eming, .Sandford, C.M.C, 66 I'letcher, Robert. 19. Forster, II. O. Arnold, 3;.. Porster, William, 346,4-1 forster, Rjaht Hon. W. F ioo_. 215, 371. l^ox, .Sir William, K.C.M.G., 41. Franklin, lienjimin, 2 Preie, Sir II. Danle h., Bart., „ ^'•'^■15., G.C.S.I., 353. I'roude,J. A., 82, 93. ^"^ (jalt, Sir AIexanderT.,G.C M G n- V '^°' ^?X' --^5' 430. Gisborne, ^\IlIiam, 95, 108, 275, 444- Gorst, Sir J. F., r2o, 265, 437. Gosndl, R. F.,is8. ""^ Grant, Rev. G. M., 86. Gregory, Morj,van, 288. Greswell, W., 75, 89, 384,391. Grey, Larl, 17. Grey, Sir George, 191, Ilaiiburton, R. G., 190, 204,210 ^^ 316,321. HamiUon, Archihald, 412. Hamilton, P. S., 183,319. Han-is, W. J., 433. ^ ^ Hayter, II. 1 1., C..M.G.,8s. Heam, Hon. \\'. K.^ 22G. Hcalon, J. Ilenniker, .M."l\, 25S. Hervey, Maurice, 279. IrifV-i'-' "5' 141,287. Hill, A. Staveky, O.C, M.]'., 426. Hincks, Sir Francis, 1,7-, >;o Hogan, J. F., loi. Holland, lion. L. k.^ y^f,^ Howe, Hon. [o.eph, 172, 17;^ l^i, 182. " Hiihner, Ijarc.n von, 70. Hurlburt, |. ](., 24. IJursthouse, ( '. F., ,8,", 1S6, iSi. llulcliison, (ieorge, 304. Jarvis, Lieut.. Colonel S. y\., --q JcnkiiLs, Fdward, 32, 315. i .[errold, W. I'.lanchard, 169, Jervois, Sir W. F. D., G.C.M.G., 235- Kendall, Frank, 145. Kilgour, Henry, 194. Kilgour, James, 203. Kimber, 'Henry, M.P., ij6. Lalnlliere, F. P. de, 33, 41, 46, 104, 118, 122, 20^„ 266, 361, 403,406,417,431,435,441. ^ang, J. Dunmore, 29. Legge, C. II. c;., 282. Leggo, W., 47. Lewis, G. Cornevvall, 14. Lewisham, Lord, 144. I Little, J. Stanley, 68, 116, 223, ^ 285, 303, Longley, J. A., 152. Lome, The Marquis of. K.T,, G.C.xM.G., 67, 69, 74, 372' 436. Lowe, Rt. Hon. Robert (Lord Sherbrooke), 165, 335. Lubbock, Sir John, Bart., M.P 326. Lucas, C. P., 90. MacH-irlane, Thomas, lA-y ic? ' ,, 154, 156, 157. ' ^■^' 31actie, R. A., 192, 201, 205, 402, 404, 405, 410. Mc(Joun, Archibald, 146, 243. Mackenzie, Hon. Alexander, 44. Mackenzie, John, 91, 155. McNeill, Alexander, 2yi. Macrae, Rev. I)., 240. Manchester, His (Jrace 'he Duke of, K.P., 41. ^farriott, J. A. R., 151. Martin, A. Patclutt, 102 Martin, R. M., 162 Math^ews, J,,hu, 38, 114, 150, -Meekins, T. ('. M., 177. Mercier, 1 1,, p.. Honors, 292. Merivale, Herman, 21 Mcudellc.. I)., 351.379. ■Michie, Sir Archibald, K.C.M Ci , . 51- * ■ ■' Milbourne, W. ] S mS Miller, A. F., 4,5.■'•^''• -^illls, Anhur, \^: Morgan, O. \',..\r.P., 290. ^'oiley, John, 358. "n.s, Alexander, 175 A.ortimer-Fraiiklvn, I J., 8; Morton, Tames, 2S4 24 ] Mundill, J., 135. Murray, Kcnric 15., no. Nicholls, II. R., 139. Nortun, Lord, 26, 17S, 364. Nugent, Sir C. II., 105, 127, 271, 434. 442. Orpen, J. M., 247. O'Shancssy, Hon. J., 207. Page, Major S. Flood, 256. ralliser, C'apt. E., 252. Parkes, Sir Henry, (i.C.M.G., 42, 336, 357, 360- Parsons, H. G., 355. Payne, E. J., 60, 73. Phillips, Coleman, 214. Plummer, John, iSo. Pole, Charles, 196. Pownall, Thomas, 3. Ranken, W. H. L., 39. Ransome, Cyril, 76. Rawson, Sir Rawson \V., K.C.M.G., C.15., 9S, 27S. Reid, T. Wemyss, 100. Robertson, Alexander, 22S, 233. Roebuck, J. A,, 16. Rogers, I'rof. J. E. Thoiold, 37. Ro-ers, J. W., 302. Rosebery, Right lion, the Earl of, 2S9. Ross, P. H. W., 274. Rowe, C. J-, 62. Rusden, G. W., 61. Russell, W. J., 250. Ryerson, Egerton, 53. Salmon, C. S., 94- Scoble, Col. T. C, 423. Seeley, Prof. J. R., 70, 103, 129, 2S3, 390. Service, James, 242, 370. Sherbrooke, Lord, 105, 335. Smith, Adam, il. Smith, C. \'., 89. Smith, I'lof. (joldwin, 87, 327, 359, 397- Soper, \V. G., 244. Sprigg, Sir J. Gordon, K.C.M.Ci,, 227. Sproat, G. M., 209. Stirlirg, A. \V., 64. Siout,^ Sir K., K.C.M.G., 347, 385- Swaine, Stephen A., 125, 269. Tampljn, II. T., 277. Taylor, Fennings, 49. Taylor, II. D'Estene, 259. Temple, Sir Richard, Bart., G.C.S.I., CLE., Si, 378. Therry, R., 22. Thorlnirn, W. M., 40. Thring, Lonl, 380, 386. Todd, Alpheus, 55, 349. Topp, A. M., 343. Torrens, W. McC, M.W, 429. Trullope, Anthuny, 48. Tiipper, Sir Charles, Part., G.C.M.G., 143. Turnock, F. IL, 89 Vincent, C. E. Howard, C.B., M.P., 109, 119, 263, 438, 443- Vogel, Sir Julius, K.C.M.G. , 32S, Wakefield, E. Gibbon, 10, 15. Wales, T.K.H. Princes Albert Victor and iJeorge of, 59. Wanliss, T. D., 71. Wark, David, 137. \Vaterhouse, Herbert, 2S6. Watson, Dr. I. Forl^js, 43. Weld, Sir F.'A., G.C.M.t;., 195, 22-2. Weslgarth, W , 138, 401, 407, 409, 411, 413, 42S. Whitman, Janus, 334. Wilson, Kdwad, 174, 199, 212. Wilson, IL F., 140, 149. Wilson, Sir Samuel, M.V., 366, 376. Wise, IJ. R., 24S. 395- Wolff, Sir H. Drummond, (;.C.\1 (;., 34, 193- Wood, J. Dcnni-loun, 121, 260, 261", 264, 419. lUiig, Sir Fre 'crick, K.C.M.Ci., 41, 65. 112, 221, 239, 254, 299. Voimg. James, 237. V rRINTED VOK Till-; I.MIEKIAL rEDRKA IIuN LeAGCI': FtY L'ASSliLL i*^ Cd.Ml'.VNy, LlRUThD, La iJELLl; S.VIVAGE, Lo.MJU.S', E.C 'i!b!irri1 THPrinl Fr^nrtfjnn ! rnrrsin I S|l IH ! u. U P. I' 1 , i' E •♦ V » » Impenal Federatiffl' League ION, ^v, r!ii: iKKaiT iio"^. riii: r.xni. IftOSCBERV l>WAItI> STAIVIIO ) lUr iLi'tM, • IIiTTO\. ! / i\'- « « ? ' nnnnn4'ir V 1" 4 J .>^^ I r T /f"