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Australias, New Zealand, Tasmania and the pfjj fslands Compiled from recent Governmental and other Reliable Statistical Matter, Including Reports of the recent Colonial Conference and other Particulars of Interest MURDOCH, BARBER A, CO., Colonial, Financial and Commission Agents, TORONTO, CANADA " SHEPARD BROS. & CO., PRINTERS, 67 Ad.liiJ. Stte.t Wwt, TORONTO, CAN . **l ■HJ.V. $^'& 'X Wi&V-'f" fi- »■•- ^-; l ap- ' J He 113 t •a CO T,- 2 CO £ jf < — o ° I (1> ^ '$■', As tra(i(! |)roin()tci"8 and ColoniitI iifTcnts iti ('anmlu, we have Iutii favoiircil willi many rcinicsis frdiii the f'dloiiics fur jji'm'tical information ciinccriiinii' unr l)iiiiiini(iii. tlic adilrossi's of IcaiMii^- lirnis in the vai'ions dcpart- nu'nts (pf nianufacturt' and ciinnntTfc. and for information as to the ]iossiliiliiics for iirotital)lf intciriianjrt' as hctwfcn tlic several colonies and our fertile and jirosiierous nonunion. Vi'c have tliereforc concluded, in as brief but in as eomjireliensive form as [lossiMe, to jirejiare this iiani)ihU't, associatinf,' witli relial)le statistical data obtained from the latest (lovernniental and other records what we have to offer in manufacture and jiroduce in e.xchani^e for the jiroducts iiculiar to the several colonies and the other informaticiu specially desired. We realize, in undertakinj,' this venture, that we have assumed a task of more than ordinary iiniiortance and res]ions!bility, but one from which at this time ami for such |inr]'ose as (an.idian tracle iironiolei's we dei-ive a special jileasure, not oidy from the fact that it affords such a marked (i|i|iortunity for directing- attention to the wonderful |iroi;ic.ss. prosiierity and satisfactory condition of our nonunion, but also that there 1> sueh a favorable disposition and desire on the jiart of residents in the sistei' colonies to be informed as to what we produce and manufacture that m;iy be exchanf,''e(l with them for their ]iroducis, and which manufacturer and jiroducts to such a larfre extent they have been obtainin^r luiherto from countries outside the Hi'itisli lunpiri'. forei;;n to them in almost every jiarticular. We rejjard our venture as specially oi)portum', followin;,'' as it does so closely upon the Colonial tour of our then Honorable Ministci' of Trade and Conuuerce, but now as a mark of appreciation since bestowed by Her Majesty for services so sijrnally rendered in thi.j coniu'ction, Sii' Mai'kenzie Howell, I'reuuer of the Dominion, the visit of the rciiresentative residents of the sister coloiues to our ])omiiuon (the outconu' of such tour ami overture), ami the notable Colonial Conference at the City of Ottawa. Consequently, we are of opinion that under such auspicious circumstances, with manufactures and products, steamshi]) ami railway facilities, baidviufj, i)rcss and all oilier essential institutions and de|i;irluu'nls, second to nom- in the world, we can reasonably claim, with the existin;; favorable disposition of the residents in our sister colonies and the enter] n'isinjj;- spirit of our peo])le, that it requires but such juMctical reliable detidl as \\v herein set forth to secure tt) Canada at least a reasonable ]iroportion of the vast trade of the sister colonics, and a larger portion of the enormous commerce of an Empire upon which the sun lU'ver sets. The Canadian Pacific Hailroail. The Canadian Australian Steamshiji Line. Till! Canadian I'acitic Cable Compan> . The visit of the Hon. the Minister of 'I'rade and Commeice Id the .\iistralasian Colonies. The Colonial Conference, And niiuiy other facilities jirovided, and overtures made, bear elcK|uent testimony to the marked enterprise of our people and the earnestness of {purpose on the part of the (iovernment of Canada, and our people ;;<'nerally, for closer colonial trade relations. Owing to our limited space and desiring to embody as much as possible of statistical matter concerning Canada for the information of residents of the Colonies, we are compelled to conlinc ( urselves to extracts from the Karl of Jersey's re]iort of the proceedings of the Cohmial (Conference; tlu; Intei'colonial l!iini|Uet at Torriii,iti\-e>!, and we refer with pardon.ibjr p|r,i~iire to the opening address of the Ib^n. .Miickeii/de Howell. ,i> I'roident of the Coloiii;il ( '. infri-i'iice, a> well ,i> on ilii> oec.'ision the Itrilliant resi)onses reported from Hon. K. H. Suttor, .M.L.A,, .Minister of I'ldilic Instruction, New South Wales; Hon. Nicholas Fitzgerald, M.L.C.. Tasmania ; Sii' Henry DeV'illiers, K.C.M.(i., Ca]ie Colony ; Hon. Thomas I'l.iy ford, of South Australia ; Hon. Alliert Lee Smith, of New Zealand : Sir Henry Wrixon, K.< '.M.( i.. >J.i '., of \ictoria ; Hon. Simon Fraser, of Victoria; Hon. .\. . I, Thyme, M.L.C., of (,Kieeiisland, the hearing ;in(i leailing of which have so impressed our peoiile from the Atlantic to the I'acitic, altogether the most important incidents in the liistory of Imjcrial exjiansion and (,'olonial trade overture. 1 . I He THE, AMES. HOLDEN CO LIMITED MANUFACTURERS OF Fine Boots & Shoes mm AND SOLE SELLING AGENTS FOR THB J.t; X r r.X-'J:; , ^-•- -^-♦--^-♦~^ .^■•' . -♦^. ^ ■•' ■•■ ■• ■*.-•-■♦. ♦^ m^ « Celebrated Qranby Rubbers OFFICES AND WAREHOUSES AT MONTREAL. Que. TORONTO. Ont. WINNIPEG. Man. VICTORIA. B.G. ED mm \. B.G. From Toronto " Empire," January 29th, 1894 ■ CANADA AND AUSTRALIA One of the first fruits of Mr. Howell's mission to Australia is sccm in tlic ciu'durafriny: address delivered by the representative of Queensland at Ottawa, on Saturday. Sir Tlioinas Melhvraitli sjieaks for one of the leadinj; colonies of Australia, and it is no sliji^ht thing to have kindled in another powerful Hritish community across the sea such friendly sentiments and such cordial ai)preciation. The speech of this Australian statesman will doubtless travel back to his eounti-y and will do not a littli' to entrance the good opinion Australians already hold of Canada, and from this mutual respect and desire for. closer intercourse may grow important results. Only a very short-sighted man will fail to see the immense significance and possibilities of a commercial and friendly alliance between two countries so immense in area and so richly endowed by nature as Canada and Australia. Sir John Thompson's brief but impressive speech is instinct with that courageous hopefulness regarding the future of the British Empire, which has distinguished all his ])ublic policy, and his warm greeting to our Australian cousin, is as hearty and cordial as could be desired, it is quite true, as he modestly informed Sir Thomas Mclhvraith, that closer union with Australia was part of Sir John Macdonald's sagacious and statesman- like plan, but it is only fair to add that the dead chieftain's successor has strengthened himself in the country by more than mere praise of Sir John Macdonald's policy — " A British subject I was born, a British subject I will die." He has set to work practically to carry to completion those groat projects that promise to bind Canada closer to the Mother Country and to ensure the unity of the Empire. The mantle of his illustrious predecessor has falhMi upon Sir .John Thompson in more than one sense, and we do not find that he is a whit less sturdy a Canadian, because he is a loyal and devoted admirer of <^he British Empire. And what a co-incidence that the mantle of such a worthy predecessor, voicing as he did at that time ;. : ■'• worthy sentiment, cementing the interests of the colonies, should now fall upon the present Premier, Sir Mackenzie Bowell, after completing his visit to the rulonies, and so Rolls per Day. ide=Wall has AND CEILING Match ^* icago, U.S., 1893 Tin; DOMINION OK CANADA. Rt. Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, K.C.B. Liitii I'l'iMiilor iif Diiinliiiiiri uf Ciinada. Hon. Sir J. J. C.Abbott, K.C.M.6. L:itc Premier of the Domtnton of Canada, ■ '^^^^ . ■■■ ri^^Si^gg^ ^t^'' ' "^^^^H fel*- »■■.. ■l.\'~ ^^^H w ..^H ^^HMffA* H 1 'Sm H ^^H 1 ^^_2iiF i^^i 1 X .^'^"^"'^ 1 Rt. Hon. Sir John S. D. Thompson, K.C.M.Q. I.iiti' I'lcniicr Diiniinliin of Canada. Hon. Sir Maci(enzie Boweli K.C.M.Q. Prt'Bciil I'riiiilir "'tain . and . (jreater . 3t*itain. PREFERENTIAL TRADE AS BETWEEN THE COLONIES. Extracts from Earl of Jersey's Report to the Marquis of RIpon. • • • " The Doniinioii of riumda, rcoo^jiiiziiifj: tliat licr "central position will enable her to reap the most dir- " ect results of an improved Imperial service for mails, " passengers and floods, lias come forward with an " offer of assistance, whicii is .a splendid intimation of " the spirit and far-seeing patriotism of her ministers. " For the great purpose of advancing Imperial " unity, she has proposed substantial pledges. " I am impressed with the belief that the three pro- " posals of the Ottawa Conference are sound, practical " and full of great imperial advantages. "Commerce cannot be based on sentiment alone, " bat it is possible to clear away the snags and obstacles " which may divert the stream into new regions. " The Mother Country is asked to help in keeping " clear the channels between her colonies and herself, " so that the flow of trade may be increased and the " feeling of kinship uninterrupted. " Never, perhaps, in our Empire's history has such " an opportunity presented itself. " The passionate sentiment of Canada, as Sir John " Thompson so well described it, and the hopeful attach- " ment of the growing colonies of Australasia and the " Cape, turn eagerly at this time to the Mother Country " for some sign of her regard for their development. " Their leading statesmen appreciate the value of " the connection with Great Britain, and the bulk of " their jjopulation is loyal. " It is within the power of (Jreat Britain to settle " the direction of their trade and the current of their " sentiments, for it may ho generations. " Such an opportunity does not soon recur, as the "sands of time run down quickly. " There is an impatience for action which would Ix? " tried by delay, and most sadly disappointed by " indifference to the i>roposals which are now brought " forward. " A ready and generous consideration of them " would be hailed with intense satisfaction. " The Premier of Canada, Sir John Thompson, in his •' warm greeting to the f'lilonial (Iclcgntcs, struck the "chord which I am hai)i>y to say vibrated tlirou^'linut " the proceedings when he said : " On this happy occasion these delegates assemble, after " long; years of self-government in their countries of greater " progress and development tlian tlie colonies of any Empire ■' nave ever seen in the jiast, not to consider the prosi)ects of " separation from the Mother Country, but to plight our "faith anew to each other as brethren, and to plight anew "with the Motherland that faith that has never yet been " broken or tarnished." "There was a general feeling of satisfaction and " pleasure at the meeting of the Conference, and there " were many expressions of loyalty and devotion to the " Crown, anart of the territory capable of being brought within the scope of the contemplated trade arrangements." These resolutions occasioned considerable discussion, but were eventually carried unanimously. It w.-s the opinion of all the Colonial Delegates, that it is desirable that the colonies represented should make arrangement with one another, and if possible with Great Britain which would give British an ad- vantage over foreign products and that for this purpose any statutory or treaty provisions which stand in the way should be removed, " It was felt by the delegates that as far as ]His>ibIc British subjects should take wliai tiny iiavc tn iiii|i"i' from their own kindred rather tiian from foreign states. "The protective system which is, generally sneak- ing, followed in the colonies, does not call for duties on articles which are not produced locally, and the pro- ductions of Australia and Canada are so different that it would seem natural and jiracticable to promote their exchange within those limits. "In the case of the Australian colonies the articles suggested are, substantially speaking, certain natural products which can be supplied there at a low cost and on an immense scale. "These jjroducts are sold .-it a jirollt in Great Britain and othi-r countries aiul could no dnulit tind a market in Canada. " Increased facilities are needed for this pnrjvose. " It may be argued that a discriminafinn against goods, the product of the Mother Country, would be likely to cause serious dissatisfaction in this ('(niiitry. "The goods whii'li are most likely to be the sub- jects of interchange between Australiji and Canada, and the Cajje aiul Canada are not of a nature to inter- fere seriously with British trade. " I consider, therefore, that it will be a con.iisteiit and successful policy to recognize the reasonable nature of the re(iuest that the self-governing Colonies should have the power, subject to the Veto of the Crown, to make such fiscal arrangements with each other, as may seem to them to be conducive to their commercial prosi)erity. Jntering into reciprocal relations with depen- " dencies who are more or less unlike in their produc- " tions." The Earl of Jersey directed attention to the German Zolh'crien, and Belgium, in the following: — " There are specific references to British Colonies in " two treaties, that with Belgium of the 23rd July, 1862, " and that with the German Zollverein of the 30th May, " 1865, which place these treaties on a special footing." The construction of these references has l)een question- ed, but I feel satisfied that they do not preclud(^ the making of preferential arrangements between the Col- onies themselves without the special advantages accord- ed by one to the other being extended to Belgium and the (ierman Zollverein. Her Majesty's (Jovcrnment will ])erhaps consider whether it would Ik- possible without denouncing tlu; treaties, to induce the Belgian and (ierman (lovern- ments to consent to the atirogation of the particular clauses s]ieeially referring to the British Colonies, and with regard to the consideration given for these clauses I iiuott; the words of the i'resideiit, (lion. Mackenzie; Br.wein: - "Tlii-rc i> niiiliii:;4- in eithii' tlir d nii.iii or lielgian " treaties that givi's any advantage ti)er Great Britain in her trade relations with "the world at large. Great Britain is a free trade "country, and must necessarily continue a free trade " country, if it is going to preserve that pre-eminent 115 ' ' '3% I I! 10 THE RESOURCES AND RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF OABLE ADDRESS : IMENZC, TORONTO WE LEAD, OTHERS FOLLOW (ITAaLIINIO I IT* MENZIE. TURNER & eO. TORONTO, CANADA MANUFACTURERS AND EXPORTERS OF HAND AND MACHINE MADE OIL PAINTED OPAQUE WINDOW SHADES ALSO DEALERS IN AND MANUFACTURERS OF- BQTH BRASS AND WOOD SILVER AND WOOD FINISH CURTAIN POLES POLE TRIMMINGS LACES, PRINCES TASSELS, CURTAIN HOOKS, DRAPERY PINS n FACT IVERrTHINO AND ANYTHINO PERTAININO TO THE TIAOE Send for Illustrated Catalogues, Price Lists, Color Books, Samples, etc. CABLE ADDRESS "MUSSON" ^^ABL.S,y^ 1869 CODE A. B. C. 4TH EDITION GEORGE MUSSON & CO. Import and Export Commission Merchants 50 Front St. E. TORONTO. CAN CORRESPONDENCE AND CONSIGNMENTS SOLICITED ■■TABLItMIO lira e©. IflDES AIN POLES RiMMINGS RTAIN 'ERY PINS rice Lists, Color CODE A. B. C. 4TH EDITION CO. I t ints rO, CAN. ^ENTS THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 11 " position which it already holds, and which I hope it "will always hold in the commercial affairs of the "world." It was, however urj^ed on the other hand, and especially by the Canadian representatives and by Mr. Playford, that a g^eneral customs arrangement be- tween Great Britain and her Colonies was desirable. Mr. Playford said : " We are expressing an opinion to the Mother Country that she should treat her own Colonics a little better than she treats foreign nations, and that she ought to give them some slight advantage, the Colonies at the same time being willing to recipro- cate and give her an advantage over foreign countries. It will be a benefit that will be appreciated on both sides. It will be an advantage to all of us, and I con- tend it would be a very considerable advantage to the Mother Country as well as to the Colonies." The Flarl of Jersey in his report here draws atten- tion to the fact that of the whole colonial and foreign trade of the United Kingdom, three-fourths of it is out- side the Empire. It is therefore an obvious consideration that the proposal would involve a fundamental change in the Hnancial policy of Great Britain. But though this change of policy in Great Britain may be neither necessary nor practicable under pre- sent conditions, it may be said that the general feeling of the Conference was that the question will assume a different shape as the population and commerce of the Colonies increase. To use Mr. Forrest's words : — " This development is coming as certain as I am here to-day, and I think in the future of the Colonies of Great Britain, the Colony of Canada, the Cape, Australia, and other British posses- sions will be capable of producing as much raw mater- ial, and consuming just as much from England of her manufactures as the whole world is taking froni her to-day. " Our imports from foreign countries in 1893 amounted to £313,000,000, or 77 per cent., whilst from the British possessions the amount was £92,000,000, or 23 per cent. We find a market for two-thirds of our exports of British produce in foreign countries, and for one-third in British possessions, viz: £146,000,000 to £72,000,000. British possessions in these figures in- clude India. The imports from and exports to Austral- asia in round figures stand at £30,000,000 and £15,000,- 000 respectively. But it seems very probable, not to say certain, that as time goes on these proportions will steadily and surely increase. One Colonial consumer is, it was said, worth more to (Jreat Britain than six European consumers. Mr. Foster stated that : The Colonies have all pro- tected against the Mother Country but none of them have protected as the foreign countries have protected against her, you can take tlicni and make an avt'i-Mj.;!'. Take the French tariff and compare it with the Cana- dian tariff. Take the United States tariff and compare it with the Australian tariff. Take the German tariff and compare it with the other Colonies. Look them through and through and when you come to read out results you will find that the protection is far lower in the Colonies of Britain against British goods, taking it on an average, than it is in the foreign countries. The resolution undoubtedly expresses a desire widely entertained in the Colonies that their trade with the United Kingdom should be favored as against that of foreign countries. Canada, Australasia and the Cape, with their ex- ulx'rant products of fcwd and raw material compared with their population, regard import duties with a very different experience from that of the United Kingdom with its insurticiency of home grown food and the necessity for the free import of raw material for her industries. It must l)e clearly understood that the represi^nta- tives do not propose a real customs union that is the removal of custom barriers, on the contrary, as Mr. Suttor remarked, the Colonies could not admit British goods free in return for free admission of their own goods. " What -s proposed is that the United Kingdom should create a new customs barrier against foreign produce, and in my opinion the conditions operating upon Great Britain, in part indicated by the foregoing statistics, would not admit of the acceptance of this proposition, but as I have said, it would appear from the discussions, taking them generally, that there is no expectation of any immediate departure from the free trade policy pursued by (Jreat Britain." " There was, however, a belief that the conditions of the case will in progress of time undergo a change, and a desire largely based upon friendly and loyal feelings towards the Mother Country, to find a means by which this change should be turned to account so as further to strengthen the ties between the various parts of the Empire." " Whether the economical conditions will in some future time change as was anticipated, is a question which need not appear here, but no exception can be taken to the friendly and loyal spirit in which the whole subject was discussed." The Earl of Jersey concludes this part of an exceed- ingly interesting and satisfactory report to the Marquis of Kipon in the following manner, which should be suggestive to the several Colonies as to privileges afforded to the self-governing Colonies in a freedom to interchange and a strong recommendation to the Mother Country to assist the Colonies in such purjjose: " Whilst therefore laying before your Lordship the views expressed and the resolutions passed, I feel unable to go further than to press earnestly the advis- aV)ility of giving a favorable consideration to the unanimous request of the Conference for the removal of any restrictions treaty or statutory which stand in the way of Intercolonial trade." The power to make fiscal arrangements inter sc, may or may not be largely used, but in granting it to her self-governing Colonies (ircat Britain will be developing the policy now pursued of enabling them to make such use of their resources within the Empire as they think best, and experience has shown that this policy is the safest and most satisfactory mode of pro- tecting their advancement. It is liardly iiceessjify to add that aiiytliiiig which I'liiiti'ihiitfs ti) this ciiil i> alsii liiMiriici;i I tn British Commerce and (,'apital. STEAMSHIP COMMUNICATION. On the (piestion of improved steamship communica- tion the following resolutions were passed : 1. — -That this C-onference exjjresses its cordial approval of the successful efforts |)ut forth by Canada and New South Wales for the establishment of a regular monthly steamship service between Vancouver and Sydney, and aflirms the advisability of a reason- :i! 1 He 115 I a: ' ! , li 12 THK liKsoriicKs and kai'Iu development of ESTABLISHED 1070 FACTORIES: BERLIN, ONT., «ND iUFFALO, N. Y. JACOB Y. SHANTZ & SON umited rianufacturers of Fine Lines of BUTTONS Ivory, Horn, Pearl, Pearlette Dominion Button Works, Berlin, ont. CANADA >-••-< We guarantee goods to be of the best quality made, and in every respect equal to representation, if not they may be held by receivers as our property. ALL EllRORS CORRECTED, AND OVERPAYMENTS, (IF ANY), REFUNDED. reference; merchants bank of Canada, Berlin The Doon Linen Mills M. e. RERINE & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF EVERY VARIETY OF F!a^, Hemp cliite Cotton Twines ■'^-' Flaij and Russian Hemp Cordage Linen and Jlite Yarns Doon, © ntario, (Canada Correspondence Solicited [KXT OF FACTORIES: BERLIN, ONT., AND lUFFAlO, N. Y. ^ SON Limited. of TONS Pearl, Pearlette n Works, Berlin, Ont. CANADA k-**" be of the best quality made, [ual to representation, if not eivers as our property. \, (IF ANY), REFUNDED. Mills CO. ARIETY OF Flaij and ROssian flemp Cordage Linen and date Yarns f-5«w^,'*^«?vc^t^l^-;' He II j> Ih7 \ ,'^.^r M:smnn^'?iAXtSSifSIB^^ (^i/M'Wi^.J^M'iy^'-!-'^- THE DOMINION OK TANAHA. 13 al)l(' c'(p-ii|i('r.'ition nf all Ihc ('oldiiifs inicroicil in :ii'i"'iniril -iiii-ids ,,f 1.1 7.'>.i kki. '|'lii> Ii;i> ircii\((i ilir st'curiiif'' the iiniirovi'ini'iit and ]ierni.inciiet' of tlic sanir. :i|'iirci\al nf uur ( ',iii,iili,i!i i'Mrliaiiiciit, 2.— That tliis riinfcri'iu'o learnt with iiiHTt'st (if the -nir \> \ \\\ ■ vmr stt'i>s now hc'infr taken by Canada to sceure a lirstelass ' '"' ' ■^' "' " ' -M*'-''- mail and passenfjer service with all the modern ajiiili- ]-\y,. n.>,,iuiioii- were im-mmI ..n the >nl.jeei ances (or the storajre and earryin^' (,f perishal>le -oods , -,,,,^,, .^^ ,,_^, ^^ ^j,^.,,,, ,,, this ( onferene.., across the Atlantic aiid I'acitu- t., (.reat l.r.tam, and KavoraMe items which have apiu^uvd in (ana.lian the larpc subsidy she has offered to i-rocure Us estab- ,,.,|„.,.^ ,.,. ,.,,„„i^,| ,,.„|,, .,.„, „,',,„,,,„„i,i,., ,,„, ,,„, ''^'""^'"t- Col al Conference. n.— That it rcfrards such an uninterruiitcd throu^di .. \>,y ^^^■^^^.J■ ,|„. iijirhwav across Canada the jonrnev line of swift and sui)erior communication between hetween Hnirland and Australia is vliortein'i! l,v a Australasia and (ireat liritain as isat)ove conteinjilated. week. " as of i)aramount imi)ortanco to the develoimient of •• When tlii> fact becomes p^iMi-.-illv kn-wn ,■! Mre.un Intercolonial trade and communication, and to the ,,f tr;,vel will set in fmrn wliieli the direci .ind indirect tmity and stability of the Empire as a whole. adv;intaj,''e> to Canada inu>t lie eni.rnioiH. 4. — That, as the Imperial Post Oflicc contributes " The imports and e\poiM> of .\iisir;ili.i amnunt lo towards the cost of the mail service between Kiifjland ?l;io,(K«J.(KK) a year, and this trade has lieeii mainly and Australasia via lirindisi or Najiles, the sum of Imili up within the last ai) years. Canada eannot fail f'.t'i.OOO per annum, while th(^ sea jioslafje amounts to !.> derive ad\aiitaire fmni ejoser ii-ade relaiioi:> with a only i'S.OOO, and to the mail ser\ice lietween \'an- Cnlnny i!i;il i^ de\ i|.i|iinu' -1 1 rapid!\ ." coiiver and Japan and China t' 15.000, less t'7..") tlie c.in.nlian ( .(i\ irnnnni ha^ fast Atlantic .and I'acitic service, more jiarlienlarlv as y'""' ' n~i'ierab!e expni-e .ind no .nd i.( iriniMe o. the Uritish i'ost Ollice whilst pavin<,- the lar^v sulwidv <'Niend ilie trade i.f ihi' e.mnli-y. ' of t'10t.2;!l a year to the line 'from Liver] 1 to New •lion. M,ieUen;d.' I'.nwell-. Aii-ii:ili.iii trip ha- li(.rn<' York has so fa'r remlerecl no jissistaiice in Ihi' niainieii I'l'i'i' •!' I''''^: '" iheeMeni ..f in!, re-tin- ilie Aniipodi^an ance of a direci jiostal line between (ireat Britain and -i-'>'i' <'"l"ii> in 'he Mdij.ei ..| lniiren|.,nial li-ade, ,'ind Canad;i These four resolutions express the desire of the Conference for a new line of communication between (ireat Britain and Australia via Can.ada. Already Mr. Iluddart has with hi> usu.il ?:reai enterprise star(c(l a line of steamshi|is between Sydney and Vancouver, but jit present il eaniiol be held to form jiart of a throuffh commiiiucatioii. as the i|iiick route for niiiils and passenjj'crs landed or i.ikeii on at \'aiicoiiver is via New York. 'I'liis is eharly an oltstacle in the wa>' of the success of the line. The Canadian representatives laid befoic the Con- ference a scheme for throiiyh communication of an f'lr llie lir>l time ('anad.i i- \i-iiid b\ eini>^arii'- ill-lrlleled 1.1 |iriiniMte eji-er I'rl.'lli.ill- liilWi'iMl llle I W ■ l ^•reat eounlrie-. ■' Sneh a vi>il cannot lint I'l-iill in u 1. 1 \en il the i;-re;it proirei,-- now nnder di-en — inii d^i ni.l ni.iiei-i.dixe." "It will >lreii;;-iliiii the li.mil- that -IhinM e\i-i lielweell I he ( '. ih mic^ of ;i i;re,-|| nalii'll." •'Bill it i- eSpreleil thai the ( tlla \V,I < iiiderellee W ill re>iill in :\ eomniereial I nal\ , ,-iiid 1 hi' e~l;ibli-hiiient of an Ani;|ie.\n>tralian rmiir \ i;i ( an.ida," ■• Tllel'e is no need.' -.lid tin- Hull. Iv'nbirl |,',id, i.f \'ieliiria, An-iralia "ii lii- rreeiil \i-ll Im C.mii.kI.i , ■■[,,[■ :\\\y part uf the linipire in h a\e the uraiid "Id CMiiiliin- Itioll to ;id\;iliee il- uWII lorllllle " .Mid llh llililidrr o| Imiierial character liy which mails and passen-vrs applaii-e that ::ivei,d the -iiiliin. iii -Imwed ih.il could be carried from Kn^dand to (^hiebec or lljilifax. TurniiM a-ived with iIh' e|,M|iiiiii .\ii-iraliaii esp..iieiii accordine- III tiie time of year, by the Canadian I'acilic ,,f ii,,. impci-i.ii idi;i Railway to Vancouver/and from Vancouver to Au.s- ^^ ,, i,,,.,,;,,,. ,,,i,|'„„.,. „f ,,„, „,,,,,„..,,ie» ,,f pnrp.-e tralia by fast steamers and vice versa It was com- ;„ ,,,„ ,,,„„;,„■„„ ,,f ,, „,,,,,, ;„ , ,,, ,,, ,,,„|,. ,„,,„,,, laite.l that this transit cotdd b.. made from London to ,„„. ^,,, m,,,,,,,,,,, ,,„ |,|, ,,,,.,„ .j,;, „, , ',,,„,,,dia,i S\dne\ in -« dii\s. ni.annfaclurers. pronmiin- -r.-ide ivj.ni,,,,- vvin, ii,,. .Mr. Iliuldart is the author of this scheme and \\\> c,,|,,nies and iiliiein-- iief..iv mir p. ..pie ili. 1 r.idi p.—i propos.als are as follows : hiliiie-in iheCMluni.- Im- tlieir pr...|iiei-. di-enveivd l''or a total annual subsidy of fliOtt.ooo. four .0 ih.it in cerlain line- of o',,iid- -nii.iMe |i,r ( nl.ini.il Ir.oh', knot ships could bi' provideil to t raii.i. Tlii- pi"pi'Sal 111, ii. rial iiu'i'ipni ,,1, .| ji, liiiii i^- I- .ind ih.ii there he stilted, w.iHM) three I'acitic steamers turer> in ('njnni.d in.irln insteail of live ciaild be iiro\ided, jrivin- p.aid mi iiiaieri,-il iiii|inriei| and inenrpnr.iied in ilair service, but it will be lu'tter to deal with llie larp'r '^ K and while feidintr assured iliai in an\ oilier and more complete scheme. parlieiil.irs. \iz,. de-i^n. maierial and ireiier.il \aliie, For this scheme it is sufTgested tlnit the subsidy of the ni;inufaciiires of Canada were fully ei|iial. if not I'.'iOO.OOO should bo borne, i'17r),000 by Canada, superior, to any oliiained frnm ;in>' oilur part of the i;75,O0O by Great Britain and LTiO.OOO by .\ustralia, world, but haviiij; to meet (iernian. .\nierican, laifrlish The Canadian Government are already paying? and other fi'i'i'ds on ec|u,il terms, it was essentially £25.000 a year towards the PacHic service, and have necessary that then' should lie a provision in drawback now aprreed to pay for a term of ten years I'loO.WO afforded our manufacturers to the extent of the duty so towards the Atlantic service, thus makinj; up tlu^ jiaid on imported material incorporatcil in their goods ^^m %::^^'0: ^tM He 113 ! I ;/• 14 THK REROURrES AND RAPID DEVELOPMENT OV I D. MoRRiee Sons & Q,€>. MONTREAL AND TORONTO, CANADA, MaD(jfacftiP?P5* Agents and GeD?paI Mercbanls. • • • • The Dominion Cotton Mills Co., Montreal. ililhat llocheleyit, P.Q.; Coatkonhe, P.Q.; Cliamhly, P.Q.; Brantford.Ont.; Kingston, Oni.; llali/ax,N.S.; Uroncton, X.B.; Wimlsor, K.S.; Miii/nu. P.q.; f Print Works.) Gray Cottons, Bloached Shirtincs, Bleached and Gray Slieetings, Cotton Bags, Drills, Ducks, Yarns, Twines, Wicks, Prints, Regattas, Printed Ducks, Cretonnes, Sleeve Linings, Printed Flannelettes, .Shoe Drills, etc. The Canadian Colored Cotton Mills Co., Ltd., Montreal. Mills al Cornwiill, Ont.; Hamilton, Oiil.j Merriton, Unt.; Diindas. Ont.; Mnrynvillf, \.n.; }lillloivn, .\.B. Shirtings, Skirtings, Ginghams, Crinkles. Oxfords; Flannelettes, Tickings; Denims, (plain and fancy), Awnings, Sheetings, Cottonades, Yarn, etc. ^WOOLLEN GOODS- »» Penman Manufacturing Co., Paris, Ont. Milhat Poris, Ont.; ■Thorolrf, Ont.; Port Dover, Ont. and Coaticooke, P.Q. Trent Valley Woollen Manufacturing Co., Campbellford, Ont, Auburn Woollen Co. Peterborough, Peterborough Woollen Co., - • - Peterborough, weeds. — Fine, Medium and Coarse, Etoffes, Blankets, Horse Blankets, Saddle Felt, Glove Linings, Coat Linings, Cloak- ings &c. Plaanela. -Grey and Fancy, in All- Wool and Union ; Ladies' Dress Flannels, and Costume Cloths. Serges- Knitted Underwear— in Worsted, Wool and Cotton ; Socks and Hosiery, in Men's, Ladies' and Children's. Cardigan Jackets, Mitts and Gloves, ■«;"'i'igite;;. THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 15 St go. 'I ercbants. on, Ont.; Bags, Drills, Ducks, Yarns, inings, Printed Flannelettes, I).; Millloun, X.B. Denims, (plain and fancy), , Ont, inings. Coat Linings, Cloak- Dths. Children's. for export. This fact was iilacrd hcfcirc the Hon. Minister of Trade and ConinuTcc, and with the char- acteristic jiromptness and as further evidence of a desire to facilitate Colonial trade relations, the following,' order in council was consideretl and passed: " Kxtraet from a Report of the roniniittee of the Honorable the; I'rivv Council ai)i>rove;n growth, production or manufacture imported thereinto, upon which any duty of Customs has been paid on such importation, may, upon the ex]>ortation of sueli article so manufactured in Canada unless othei'wise ]irovided —and on compliance with such other regula tions and ivstrictions as are herein conlained, and are now or may hereafter be made appliciilile to each or any specific case— i)e entitled to a drawback of ninety- nine per-cent lA the duty jiaid upon the matei'ial of foreign growth, production or manufacture, used and wrought into or attached to the article luanuf.ictured in Canada and exjiorted therefrom jirovided ;ihv;iys that no claim or claims for drawback shall l)e paid or be ]>ay.ibie, unless it or they aggregate the sum of twenty -live dollars as made or presented at any one time, and provided further that the material so useil as aforesaid shall have been eiitcri'd at customs, and Miu duty paid thereon within three years of the date of the exportation of the Canadian numufactured article." "To be entitled to a drawb.'ick, the .Manufacturer shall nmku the due t'xport entry of the article or articles so manufactured in Canada, and deliver to the Collector of Customs at the port wiiere such export entry is made, one of the Bills of Lading thereof, or ;i copy of the Hill of Lading thereof, duly certilicd as such, and as issued for Canadian customs purposes only, by the agent of the carrier, and a statement showing the distinguishing marks and numbers of the jiiickage or packages covered by the entry, and the Mill of Lading, the foreign destination theri.'of, the number or quantity of contents, tin- place of manu- facture, and unless a specific sum has lu'cn authorized as drawback payable, the quantity of the duty paid material used in the manufacture of tlu' article or articles so entered for export, and the amount of the amount of the duty paid thereon, and shall furnish evidence satisfactory to the (,'ontroller of Customs, ,ms to when and when! tlii^ duty was paid, and such fui'ther evidence of the bona fides of the imiiortation atid exportatiofi as the Cotitroller may ufider the cir- cumstances of the case deem necessary, all of wiiicli lie shall verify Ufider oath in fnrni as pi r -.elieduli luTrtn attached." "Sections 1,2, .3 and 4 of chapter eleven of the Consolidated Ordcrs-in-Council of Catiada, are hereby cancelled from and after the date upon w^hich the foregoing regulations go into effect, except in so far as regards claims accrued thereunder prior to such date. (Signed) Johx J. McGee, Clerk of tht Privy Council, We derm it singularly ojiportune tiiat tliejCan.idiafi Manufacturers .Association lielil their Annual .Meetitig withifi a few day> of our p.imiihlet going to press, we are therefore enabJcMl in fuarkiil c|e>irali|e form to pi'esent all Up to date rej'ort. emifieiitlv -at isfactorv , .iiid which >|iould mo>l favor.ibie inipre^> residents in tile Si-ter Colonii"- \\i\\\ the he;iltliy and prospi'i'ous conimei'iMal eoiidltinn prevailing in our Dotnitiion at the present liiiie, Hot w ii iist.i iidiug ;in almost utiiversal depre->iiin iieing I'Xperienced eNe\\here. The leiiring President, \V. K. .McNaiight, I".si|., plesenleent uiiusii;ill\ active in frviiii;- to inipnss upon our people the truth of their assertion that this country is growing poorer year by ye.ir in coiisecpieiice of unwise t.iriff legi>l;iiion, and .is ihe\ propuse to substifute for the present system ;t tariff for revenue olll> , which will gradually attenuate iiit.i free trade, I have thought the time opportune to iii,il\e some coiii]i;irisons in onler to see how their st!iieiiient> .'igree witii the actifal facts of the case. •• So fill' .-IS file iiiMiiufactiirers of Canada are con- ceriK'd. it is now geiier.ijly conceited that they have developeii '\\ a Wonderful degree .-ince the ado|itioli of our present fiscal policy, liven the opponents of jiro- tectioii adiilif this, although they qualify the admission by asserting that they have lieell built up .-It the expense of the rot of the country. The following table, showing the development of niir nianufacturiiig in- dustries from l.S.Sl to IS'.H. although far less fa voiirable than if made from the ineeiifion of the present policy in l.siT'J, is still sufticieiitly accuijite to pro\e lii-yond a ,1 pef.iilventure how coniplefely this important depart- iiieiit of our iiafion.il life has heeii n.'Niilutionized by our Jiresellt Jirotective policy, CA.NADAS M.\XUl'A(TCIU.\(i INDl'STIUKS CNDKU A UK VEX UK '1"AKI1F .\.\l> INHKH rHOTECriO.N. Vnriiilinn IK.'il. is.ii. Iiicro!iw. I'l'iCi'iit. Nlimllrr iif Ksl;lli|islimrllls V.i.'.'i'.l Ti,7i;s L'.'i.M-l.'l ,'il.K C:i|iital Invi'sii'il .:^liri,Sii:!,i!« t,).'i.i,s:lii,>il7 tl»i..Wl.lli4 III. NiniiliiT "f Kin|jlcpyc.'< :;.il.li.l.'> :)il7..'«W iu.:i3ii u.l% WllKi'S I'aiil ^ .i!i.j2:i.i«iii > '.m.iii-'.-llI > 4",3.i:i,|:tl) il7,wi <'iisl Uiiiv .Miiiniiils f'l7'.i.'.ilH..V.i3 Ji.-),"i,'.p>i').21!i ^ 7ii,iiiit,iliH i2.3 \:i'iic' of I'rniluris. .^:ii.ii.ii7i:,i»;« fi'ri,t:,!i.'v'> >ii:.i,7ii:i.i!.i7 .vL.i " Frofu this statement it is evident that not only has tlu' I'uormous sum of .*lH8..').'i l,l'.tl been invested in C.uiadiiin manufacturin.ii: indiisfries betweeti the years is.si and IS',11 as ii direct result of the present tariff polic,\'. liiit that the iialii'iial jiay-roll has also been increased liy .■?lo,."i;),'!.i;i'.i per aiiiiiini. This being the case, it is not surprising to learn that the present oiit- |iuf is far ill e\ee>s of that of revenue tariff times, the .irtiiaitigiires lieiiiu' .- IT."i, l.'i.'i.Tii,". ill ts'.ii, ;,., against •■^.'lUlt,tiTt'),OiiS in issi,;i II annual iiicre;i.-.e o[.;rl •■•.'»,7i'i'.),t;,';7, or over ;■>;{ ])er cent. These figures tell their own story so ]ilainly as to call for no further coinnieiit. DIFFKHKNCH HIITWKKN A KKVI-A'CK AND A I'HOTHCTIVK TARIFF. "The Cartwright revenue tariff which obtained during the .Vdministratiofi of the Hon. Alex. Mackenzie was originally In ]ier cent, ad valorem, but was after- wards (on account of the increase in the expenditure of the Government from $l'.t,174,()47 in 1878 to .824,455,.381 ir. T1!F, in:SOUHCRS AND RAPID DF^VKLOPMKNT OP f r ALE & STOUT JOHN LABATTS BREWERY. LONDON. ONTARIO. CANADA. ESTABLISHED 1833 PURE ALES AND STOUT MADE ONLY FROM CHOICE BARLEY MALT, THE BEST HOPS AND PURE SPRING WATER THE MOST WHOLESOME OF BEVERAGES. ALWAYS THE SAME, SOUND AND PALATABLE READ THE FOLLOWING TESTIMONIALS: ~ I h. ivliy ciMiifv l1i:it I li;i\c iiiiiily/iMl several saiiiplos of INhIA l'ArM. Out, r (iml iheiii til lic rciiiarkaldv -oiiii.l Ales. tircwiMl from pure malt aiwl Imps. I liaxi' i'v,iiMiiiiil liMil, the Marcli ami ( )i'|iili|.r lnrwinj^'s, anil timl thnu nf iniifurm ipiality. 'I'lii',\' may In' ri'i'iiimiiriiili'd to iiivaliils or i-nii\alr>i-ciits wliiiT malt lirvcra'^is ari- ri (piirrii as tmiir ,Si(rMi.,b. ,1()HN 1!.U\'HI! i;i)\v,\k;).s, Pliy,. I'lofcssm- of Clii'mistry anil I'lililic Analyst, lifavcr Hall Hill, Montreal. 1 laivliy crrlify that lliavi' e.xamiiifil samplrs of ,l()Ii.\ J.A!!ATT"S [NI»IA I'ATiH ALK, siiliinitti'il to me for iinalysi-, li\ ,).\MI''.S (i(»(l|)i\t (',i., aH;i'nls lor this citv. ami timl it to In' prifcctly sounil. containiiin' no aci'tii: aciils, impmitics ()!■ adulterations, and ran slrouj,'lv ivcomini'iid it as p-rferth" purr, and a vi/ry superior malt li.pior. ,Si^t,„Ml'. HKNliv H. CiiOFT. I/atc (lovrrnmrnt Analyst and I'roh'ssor, rnivrrsity of Toronto. I havi' aii.ilyzi'd tin' l.NDIA I'.\ I.K W.K manutarlurrd hy .lOHN LAHATT, London. Ontario, hottlnl hy N. ^. MO.\TI{ I'M'I I,, (jiui'lirr. I li,i\r found it a litclit All', rontaiiiimr liiit litth' alrohol. of a di'liidous tla\(ir.and of a very aiiirrahli' tasti' ami superior .pi.ility, and rompaivs with tlir lirst import. 'd Hnnlish Airs. Ilia\i' also aiial>zrd till' I'orti-r, X .\ .\ .ST( )|;t. of thi' .saini' liri'Wcry. whirh is of I'.Kci'lii'nt ipiality : its llavor is very a!,'rri'ahli' : il is a loiiir more I'nci'jiclir than thr aliovc Ale. for it is a little richer in aleoliol, iind eaii he compared advanlaLreously with any imported article. These Alesand Porters of . I OHX L.\HATT. London, Ontario, are mantifacmred with the liest iniality of Malt and Hops, and they do not contain an.v nidiealthy iiiLjri'dients. i.Sifined , I'. .F. LI). I'.\(iK. I'rofessor of Chemistry, Laval University, (vhiebec. I herel.y c. rtify that I li.ive analvzed the I.N'I)|.\ CALK .\LK and XXX STOUT from the Brewery of ,TOHX I'\''VI,7]. London. (),n.. and hottled hy X. V. .MONTK K U I L, (Juehec. 1 foi.nd them very pure and hrewed frotn the PI HI". ST HOPS and M .\ LT. Thi'\- ai'v he\eraucs hij,'hlv recommended to InvaliiU or ("onviilescents. especially as tonics, ami for all who re.piire a stimulant of this kind. i,.'Si;rned>, M. KISKT. M. I». L., Oovernmcnt Amilyst, (^»ue. Diplomas ANA/ardeci jrij Gold. Silver T\IUFI VF ' L" and Bronze Medals l¥ltl.¥t AT THE WORLD'S GREAT EXHIBITIONS UNITED STATES, 1S76 CANADA, 1876 AUSTRALIA, 1S77 FRANCE, 1878 JAMAICA, W. INDIES, 1891 CHICAGO, U.S.A., 1893 SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., 1894 ('oitcs/ioikIciicc solicited from Wholesale MereJiaiits \VAi{;)s, Ueav.'i' Hall Hill. Montreal. ATiK. suliinitii'il to iiir for (■oinaiiiiiifi- no ai-i'iii; aciit.s, r malt lii|\ior. 'KOFT. r.-;.ncl)ee. roni llif Urt'wcry of ,IOHN' |iuri' ami lircwi'cl from lliu csci'iits, fspecially us tonics, vernincnt Analyst, (^tite. 38 ■ded 891 1894 crs DA in 1H71I) niisi'd to 17), f)er com. iid valorem. Aitlioujjli liy this tariff, duty was levied uiion the luxuries inipurt- ed for the wealthy at the very low rate of 1,') and 17^, jier cent, ad valorem, the ueeessities of our artisans and fanners were unjustly discriminated a;r''iiiist hy levyini,' duty on tiiem as follows: -Su^rar. i:i per cent.; rice, .'la jier cent. : molasses. •_'.'> per cent. : tea, 2.'1 jier cent. : coffee. 10.', per cent. As these ,ire in'cessitics which cannot lH'pro(liiced in Ciinarla, it is evident thiit the consumers had to pay the entire duties, iimoiiniin^' to nearly S'i.r)00,(X)0 per iinnuni, which were levied uiioii these articles. These, however, are only sampli's of the wiiy in which a revenue tariff disciimiiiali's a^rainst the interests (jf the ma.sses and in favour of thi' classes. On the other hand, our protective tariff aims to admit free (or nearly free) till raw materials and articles of necessity wlilch cannot lie produced in this country, tiiul to protect the C'aimdi.in manufiicturer and farmer hy levyiu}^ duties ujion such products as can he proHtiilily madi,' or fjrowii in tln' country. Thus tlie ni'cessities of life, such as teti, coffei'. sii;;ar. rice, and molasses, which under the Cartwritiht reveniiu tariff were heavily taxed, are under the jire-eiit jirotective policy practiciUy free, and the consumers are saved at least .*.').tH)U,(JUt) of duty each ye;ir which they would liiive to jiay on the amount of these articles at present imported into Ciiiiiida were the Ciirtwrijrht rcveiiui! tariff in force. Since tlie jiresent jirotective policy came in ftiice over ll."! iirticles have been placed upon the free list, which were dutiable uniler ii revenue tariff. On the otlier hand, luxuries of all kinds, such as are inii)orted for the use of the wealthy, and which were ttixed under the Cartwri);ht reveiitie tariff at the low rate of from 1.") to \1\ per cent., are at iiresent under our protective t.iriff taxed at from .'iU t- is ]iaid whatever, and which, quality considered, are as low in jirice its similar articles of foreign niiinufiicture are abrotid. A FAIK COMPARISON OF THE TWO SYSTEMS. J'ortunately for the decision of this question, Canada has had a pretty thorough trial of Ijotli of these fiscal systems, and a comparison of the results of ciicli forms an object lesson so plain that the man must be wilfully blind who cannot draw tlic true inference therefrom. The periods I have selected for comparison arc (I) from 1874 to 187'.t, inclusive, being the last six years of Can- ada's revenue tariff of 15 per cent, and 17.\ ad valorem, as administered by Sir Richard Cartwright, and (2) the last six years of our present protective tariff, from 1880 to 1894 inclusive, a period when, according to our oAvn free traders, this country has been biuuuht to tlie vei\- verge of national bankruptcy by our iniquitous system of tariff legislation. I have selected the last six years of Canada's revenue tariff period because during the first six years after Confederation (18G8 to 1874) the United States was but slowly recuperating from the effects of a terrible civil war, and on account of a de- preciated currency and the abnormally high price of labor, her manufactiu'ers could not be considered in any sense as dangerous competitors. However, after war prices had settled down to values founded upon a gold basis, and her manufacturers had developed their enor- mous resources, the effect of United States competition at once became apparent. This is the only therefore, in the twelve years of our revenue tariff sys- tem when the same relative commercial conditions obtained between Can.ida iind the United States as have been in force during i!ie past six years. The figures are as follows : — IMPORTS I.NTO "ANAD.V FOR HOM K COXSUM I'TION UNDKK THK HK\ KNUF TARIFF. l''i«.ul Frnrii Vi'ur liiiat Brlt.ihi 1X71 jilH.ii7ii.i:i: 187^ «I),.1I7.M!7 l!'7ii 411.7 M.aiH) if" 3:i.::K.-J'M' l'>7.'< 37,4:il.l(> INTOCANADA FOR HOM K CO.NSUM I'TION unhfr thf, I'lun'EUTivE policy. Krom l']ilti'ilStiiti'fi Kliiin 01 tier CMUiitrli-», T..t«l nii|Kirtn. f.'.4,ii><3,li7K (lll.>U4.(kill t>li7.4(M.|(i!i .•|(l,H(I.S,K.'(l M.4H.'i.77(l lIK.rtlN.n.".? 4(1.0711,(133 l.>.H».\>iS 114.733, 1!1H .'il..lU',(t().( .'.,41.\M.'. 1(«,.1I)«I.4I« 4>l(U1.73!( .^.ISH,«.VI !U,1!I!I,.'.77 43,73'.i.l!l;( h.lUi.Otl m,M\,itm Wl.>i4.'..',.'ii Ui.im.nvj «(«)B,SII7.7II Hi;. i4l',-117.3«i i,'iii,.'.,'i7.liii «Ii).»1HlU" »l(ii,c.7 ),447 !«*i 4t,3:i(i,:'il .W.'.lil.liVl 17,(iM,.37ll 112,7ii.1„'iK| IKPl 4L'.ii|7,.'i1(1 ■,\.i]<,fl\l 17(lll.!itl 113.34.'i.lai li;ii 4l.:il«.4.'ri ,M.I.37..'.7i KK,41ill.'.i:l(! ll(l,li7t.li«3 l»ii3 li.lih.ii:i .".■•(.■.'il.:i7c. 21 ..T)1,(1U l)!1.7ll.1.(.*l INM 3«.717.--'(i7 ■i3,(i;il,li)i !!l.:l4J.(ll(i n3.( ii:i.iifia Tiitiil!! :';.':(),iMi.i,;71 J:ia 1 111 s,7iN *ll.^.(H4.laii *(i<7,.VtMll Dccreade. IiMTcaHr. Iiioreane. Iiirrcnsp. Tutiil iiifVi'Kf*)' or ilerri'iisi' ill pt'o- tcclioii pi riciil.. >;!l.lN.'i.lML' .«l'(l.(»H,l(!ll i>73,(i*l,«.'i »i77.!«ll..H!l» In examining the returns of Ctinada's imports, it is well to bear in mind that our imports from (Jrcat Prit- ain and foreign countries, other than the United States, consist at present, as they have tilways consisted, i)rin- cijially of niiinufactured goods, so tiiat ti simple com- parison of the figures in tin; two periods is all that is necessary to furnish a true test of this department of our national commerce. It will be noticed that the aggregate imiiorts from Great Pritain during the rev- enue tariff jicriod, shown in these tables, exceeded tiie aggregate during the (last six years by 6-1,18,5,042. This, however, is easily accounted for by the abnormal im]iorts in the boom years of 1874 and 1875, and the further fact that under our present tariff policy Cantidian manufactures havt; in nuiny lines taken the place of the Pritish. It is worthy of remark, however, that this is the only instance of a decrease in all of the trade tables given herein, as all the other C(miparisons show a de- cided increase in favor of the protective policy period. Canada's imports from other countries, as these records show, gradually declined during she six years of a revenue tariff irtnn 810,044,0(10 to $5,r.OD,250, a shrinkage of 84,435,401 per annum, or 44 i)er cent. L'nder i)rotection they gradually revived until they not only reached the highest figure recorded under a revenue tariff tliai "f 1.^71 1, but coiitiiiucfl to iulvance year b\- year until tliey reached their ;;eiiilli in 1H!)2 of 822,492,930. Even 1894, depressed as business was, shows an increase over 1879 of §15,733,357, or nearly •'iOO per cent. Canada's imports from the United States differ some- what from those of other countries, inasmuch as they have changed so much in their character as to materi- ally affect the comparison of the two periods. In the first, or revenue tariff period, our imports from the United States consisted principally of manufactured goods, a state of affairs which was becoming more accentuated every year owing to the depression in that ^ He 113 \il tl87 \2% If: I ; Ifl tup: RESOl'RCES AND RAPID DFA'ELOPMENT OF Ghatham Fanning Mill WITH BAGGING AHtCHMENT I aXsa . . Hanufacture Wire Cloth and Perforated Zinc for all purposes. -CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.- • •• Will clean and separate all kinds of Grain and Srods. Will clean Wheat, Oats, Barley, Peas, Beans, 'rimoMiy Seed, T'lovcr Scc<|, I-'lax Seed, and will sopar- atc Oats from AVlirat and any nthor pniin that that is iikt'ly to li(> mixed. The Bagging Attachment puts all Grain in Bags. The Machine turns easy, and is filled with 16 SiTfciis and Riddles, mostly iicrforatctl zinc, anrl is kiioi'li down sliajH' for sliijimi'iit in small s))a('('. MANSON CAMPBELL, Chatham, Ont. Newlanos & Qe, MANUFACTURERS OF Saskatchewan Buffalo Robes Buffalo and Astrachan Coats Eider Downs, Jersey Cloths Glove and ^hoe Linings CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED- GALT, ONTARIO CANADA 1 BERLIN FELT BOOT CO. WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OF Felt Goods of Every . . . Description M SADDLERY, HARNESS, SHOE, and all kinds of SHEET and CLOTH FELTS Also MEN'S MISSES' and CHILDREN'S FANCY FELT SLIPPERS and SHOES BE RUN FELT BOOT GO. BERLIN. ONTARIO CORRESPONDENCe SOLICITED CANADA THE DOMINION OF CANADA. \9 G Mill tCHMENT kinds of Grain and irley, Peas, Beans, Miix Seed, iiiul will separ- iny nthor jfrain that that Its ali Grain in Bags. nd is fliied with 16 ,• j>(>rforat('(l zinc, anfl is ■lit ill small si)ac'('. MPBELL, Chatham, Ont. luffalo Robes rachan Coats lersey Cloths Linings ED- tANADA RS OF )ds of Every Description i of CY DO. CANADA country at that time, and the necossity their manufac- turers were then under, as now and during? the past year, of slaugbterint; their surplus goods in order to raise money. Since Canada adopted a protective policy our iin|)ort9 from the United States have undi-rpme an almost complete; change. The hulk of these imports now consist of raw materials for use in our factories, and the conversion of these raw products into manufac- tured p)ods, instead of Meinf,' ilone as formi'i'ly by American artisans in the Tnited States, is now pi'i'forin- ed by Canadian artisans in our owi. country. That this is so is readily apparent from the comparative table of factories, workmen, wages, output, etc., given in the earlier part of this paper. Even with this great advantage it is interesting to note how imports from the United States gradually shrunk during the revenue tariff period. Under pro- tection, however, they, like the others, began gradually to revive. Taking the total of Canada's imports from all coun- tries, it will be seen that during the revenue tariff period they steadilv declined from $l27,J04,iri;t in 1874 tn 880,341, tiOH in 187lt, a shrinkage of ?47,0(J2,5t51. Under protection they gradually increased until they reached the high water mark in 181».'t. Kven 18'.t4 showed that we imported 8.'!2,7.">2,.')7r) more than we did during 187',), the last revenue tariff year, and for the entire period of six years, the protection jieriod shows a gain of 877,!)G4,3Hi) over the revenue tariff period. EXPORTS FROM CANADA UNDER THE REVENUE TARIFF. Fldpnl TnOiiMit Tiiliilteil To other Tolul YiMir. Hrltalii. Stiiti'9. (Viiiiitiifn. Kxpoiis. 1N74 W.'i.DO.t.Wla f.V),244..111 (H.lO.l.T.tS f H'l,.").'!! ,;il!H IST.I Kl.llSi.iKli 2!),!'U,ilN.1 ".iHS.Odl "7,W«i.li7'.i 1876 10,7aS,177 ai.nSS.l.W 8,.10!I,4W Ml),!irj!.435 IR77 41,5fi7,ir,!l 8.'),77»,24.'> R,.VW,R7ll 7.'i,N7.'),S!l8 )«7I< 4.'),IMl,6*l i."i.2«,«W H,137,23(> 7f',32.'),6«7 18711 ;)fi,2!>.'i,718 27,111.5,501 R.ftW.OSfl 71,4:il,2.W TotftiK I«241I,.W4,!I87 *n«,27.'),3'.l7 f4|l,n.').'j,273 »474,8!l.5,li.'>7 EXPORTS FROM CANADA UNDER OUR PROTEC- TIVE POLICY. 188<1 *S8,l().'j.l2n »43,.')22,4n4 |7,M1,6,37 »8!l,18n,l«7 181(0 48,3.W,61I4 411,622,810 7,872,«4.") 1H1,74!1,141I 18!PI 41I,2S..858 41,138,6!l.'i 7,!t97,743 1)8,417,2.19 1802 8-l,!infi,.Ml' 38,088,027 10,068,700 113,llfi:i,375 1K)S 84,080,403 43,023,010 10,560,840 118,538,8,'iC, 3.5,8011,040 13,176,l,Vt 117,.i24,fl40 Totals J:t33,2C>.5,.57(; *243,llt>4.88l) »67 ,237,826 *fi.')4,408,288 Increase. Inorease. Increase. Increase. Total Increase or decrease In pro- tection period .. *83,700..W!( «67,829,4Sfl t8,182,5M «isn,512.031 As the figures show, our total export trade gradu- ally decreased during the revenue tariff period until the last year, 1879, showed a shrinkage of 817,860,673 over 1874. Under our protective policy it has gone in exactly the opposite direction, 1894 showing an increase over 1879 of no less than 846,033,694. For the entire period of six years, the protective period show? ruust ». mc li.ct over the revenue tariff period of the < lays considering 8159,512,631. . ' It was useless This brings us to the comparison alcr or raanufac- foreign trade during the periods unc siness successfully and here again it is apparent that tb aneous communi- by a protective tariff does not suffer i) hat means accom- comparison. Here are the figures :— follows darkness. South Australia, TOTAL. FORIION TRADt OP CANADA. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS UNDER THE REVE AND PUOTECTIVE I'ARIFFS. NUE Klmal Year. Value. 1"74 »217..'. II. .17 1 Value. lU.miii .'VlT.TllO ,.181,1134 ,.Kl:'.4M .Ik'lH.lllO ,11011 .880 ,411.374 ,050,3.10 I'lital IniTPnae or decrrnni' In prutertluii period Inrreuse. M77 SOMK PKRTIXKNT DKDIXTION'S. Now for the applicaticm. It is evident from the foivgDing that our National Policy of protection to Ca- nadian industries has not restricted our foreign trade in any way, because, as the returns show : (1) Our total imports have increased 877,!m;4,399 during the last six years of protection, as compared with the last six years of the revenue tariff policy, (2) Our total exports have increased 8 159,.') 12,631 during the same period. (.'{) Our total foreign trade has increased 8277, fi-W,- 3:t0 during the same period. It also proves that this country must be steadily growing richer year by year, because we are not only iini)orting and paying for more foreign goods than we formerly did under the revenue tariff system, but we are manufacturing more goods in Canada, nearly all of which are consumed in our own country. While we may not Im; as prosperous as we could wish, still when we look around us at the condition of other countries, we ought to be thankful that we are in as sound and' healthy a commercial condition as we are. Certainly we have nothing to fear by comparison. THE INTERCOLONIAL BANQUET • One of Many Courtesies E^tend^d to the Delegates throughout Canada. THE BOARD OF TRADE ROTUNDA A BRILLIANT SIGHT. Canadians , loin With Their Fellow-Colonists From All Parts of the Empire Upon Which the Sun Never Sets in Fealty to Britain — Prominent Torontonians, Representing; All Branches and Interests, Dine With the Representatives From Africa, Australia and Other Colonies — The List of Guests — A Party of Ladies Present— Notable Speeches From Hon. Mackenzie Bowell and Many Others — Notes of the Affair. A inidsuniiner Itamiiu't on so niagnilicrnt a scale as that '"ndered to the delegates to the Intercolonial I.. ''St night is a rare thing in Canada. During of 'ch events may go off success- doubt whether New South »» Hon. Nicholas r .. f Sir Henry Villiers, lv.C.». lion. Thomas Play ford. South ., ^ Hon. Albert Lee Smith, New Zeala. Sir Henry John Wrixon, K.C.M.G., (^.C, Hon. Simon Fraser, Victoria. Hon. A. J. Thynne, (Queensland. ve doubt whether an 'uccessfully carried Board of Trade indication ""nuet. ns 20 THE RESOURCES AND RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF He j STC?"^ The Canadian 0ffice and School Furniture Co. lio Successors to W. STAHL8CHMIDT & CO. No. Be. Latest OfTlce Desk. I'aiPiitvd. No. B. Pulpit Set. Manufacturers of^ OFFICE. SCHGOL. CHURCH, LODGE AND HALL FURNITURE A<:'''jj o o o o ank, Office, Hotel, Drug and Jewelry Store and Court House Fittings a Specialty Awarded Cold Medal Send for Catalogues and Price Lists. ^, , _ ,.,,..., The "Perfect Automatic" School ^ at Jamaica Exhibition Desk. Patented. PRESTON, ONTARIO. CANADA Buy THE BRANTF0RO. It broke Nine World's Records, and Holds all Canadian Records. . . . depots: 99 Yonge 8t. 1 Toronto. 2410St.CntlinrinesSt. Moutroiil. J MANUFACTURED BY THE GOOLD BICYCLE CO.. l TO. ,K©- Write for Catalojrue. Brantford, Ontario, Canada. BRANTFORD GOOLD, SHAPLEY & MUIR CO., limited. Brantford, Canada. Manufacturers of- Pumplng Wind ..ooES' and t..iPPERS and SHOES Jerlin .^RLIN. ONTARIO Stkel Wind Mills, for tDRl'"P'"*? and I'ower. ■acL Towers, (three I four posts, with lad- L Grain Grinders, 'ter Tanks, Iron E & FiTTixGs, Iron CORRESPONDENCe SofiP^, SPRAY PCMPS, NNiNG Mills, Bee EPERS' SUPPLIES.ETC. ■^f Ideal Sjirny I'limp. THE DOMINION OF CANADA. n o> 02. Opera Chair. 'O, CANADA could only be gathered together by the influence of some great sentiment, a common belief in some noble principle, Toronto's first citizens were gathered to- gether, not for social intercourse, but to extend a wel- come unmistakable in its (juality to the rcpi'cscntatives of our sister colonics, l-'calty to Hrit;»in--a desire to weave still stronger ties between Caiiadi.'ins jind their brother colonists from all parts of the empire ujion which the sun never sets-was the sentiment that made last night's gathering great. Ivminent statesmen, of both parties, noted liankers, famous lawyers and many merchant i)rinces sat about the lioard last night. At every word uttered in token of the princii)!e which called them together, a wave of enthusiasm swept over the assembly. TlIK (iUKSTS TOASTED. KKPLIKS UV HON. MACKENZIE HOWEl.I, AND THE COLONIAL VISITORS. The chairman, i.i proposing the toast of "Our Guests," said this was the first occasion the speeches of the delegates to the Imperial Intercolonial Conference had been published, and that the locality of their first appearance was a particularly happy one. One thing Toronto, c(id excel in, and that was the press. Toronto was pre-eminently ahead of any other point in the Dominion in that respect. The speeches delivered to- night were freighted with a train of thought that must encircle around this vast empire, the consequences which they would carry with them were of the greatest moment to the people of the empire that have ever happened. The British Empire had readied that rest- less age when she must either advance or recede, be upbuilded or destroyed. That there never was a con- ference that met with more genuine sympathy on be- half of the public, and it was the determination of the people of this country that we should do all in our power to get this empire together. We possessed a citizenship in the biggest and best and most glorious empire in the world, and we intended to retain it. He extended a cordial welcome to the gentlemen present, and was happy to have the privilege of introducing them, and extended to them a thrice welcome. (Cheers). Without further comment he would ask the gentlemen of Toronto to join with him in drinking the toast to "Our Ouests." The chairman called upon the lion. Senator Mac- kenzie Howell, jiresideiit of the Imperial Intercolonial Conference, to reply to the toast. HON. MH. HOWELL'S ELOQUENT SPEECH. lion. Mr. Howell, who was heartily cheered, said they had with them representatives from eight of Her Majesty's colonies, including Canada, and he was ijuite sure the citizens of 'I\ironto would not desire that he should occupy their time with other than the important ijuestion at issue. They had heard him s]>eak once or twice as to the state of trade l»i\\ceii Canada and ilie antipodes. He was still more lirmly convinced tiiis could be acconipr ihed than he was ever before in his life. (Hear, hear). If there was anything to tend to fasten that more firmly in his mind, it must be the fact that they had been for the last ten days considering great questions of unity in the Empire. It was useless at the present moment for the wholesaler or manufac- turer to attempt to carry on any business successfully unless they were in touch and instantaneous communi- cation with all parts of the world. That means accom- plish, trade would follow as the light follows darkness. They would hear that night from South Australia, Queensland, from New South Wales, Victoria, and from the representatives of Tasmania, New Zealand, and Cape Colony. Those gentlemen would give them in- fornmtion as to the i)eople inhabiting that portion of the world. The Conference had for its great object the increase of trade between Canada and tl;e colonies of (Jreat Hritain, aiul while they were desirous of extend- ing that trade to all parts of the world, they ln-lieved it to lie their duty, as it was the duty of a parent to assist his child, to be knitted together in the bond of affection and unity wiih all the Hritish colonies on the face of this earth. (Hear, hear). They had that great object in view, and he could say there never was a conference of re]iresentatives from different parts of the world had met together with one object in view, where there was greater unanimity disi)layed on all ques- tions affecting the increase of the trade, and unity of the empire. It had been said that those who lived in the provinces had no history. He differed from that sentiment in toto. Every Canadian was as much en- titled to all the honor and glory of the past of England as any Englishman. He said he was born in England, but had lived entirely in Canada, and was a Canadian, and although his children were Canadians they were entitled to all the rights and privileges he possessed across the Atlantic ocean, and had educated and still educated the idea that the Canadian who says he has no history forgets for the moment that he is a British subject. (Hear, Hear). The Conference had another object in view, and that was to remove the restrictions which have existed in trading between the Colonies. Those restrictions should be removed. If England is not prepared to allow us as colonists, or British subjects, to have privileges other than those that arc given for- eign countries, that is her fault, and not ours. If we make this offer and she refuses it, then we would say to the great Mother Land, to allow us and our children to deal with ourselves, preferentially, as against the out- side world. (Applause). He said on behalf of the party of the Government to which he belonged, we did not propose to call a halt until that right was obtained. It was singular that Great Britain, in giving a constitu- tion to the different Australian Colonics, should have prevented them from giving any preferential rights to other countries, while they gave them the right under their constitution to discriminate against themselves. These restrictions we desired to se(^ reinovety tlie t,iieeii. l.oiid .iiijiLMUse i. We regret that our limited space will not permit of the publishing of the brilliant iH^sMoupes made by — Hon. V. B. Suttor, Minister of I'ublic Instruction, New South Wales. Hon. Nicholas Fitzgerald, M.L.C., Tasmania. Sir Henry Villiers, K.C.M.G., Cape Colony. Hon. Thomas Flayford, South Australia. Hon. Albert Lee Smith, New Zealand. Sir Henry John Wrixon, K.C.M.G., Q.C., Victoria. Hon. Simon Eraser, Victoria. Hon. A. J. Thynne, (,>ueen8laud. .'T-T" '- - - : j^" ' 22 THE RESOURCES AND RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF ^'^■; iii I He 1/3 ml I. -, 1 1;^ i \ D.5.PERRIN&C0. LONDON, CANADA ESTABLISHED 1860 MANUFACTURERS OF THE LARGEST VARIETY OF- t t Biscuits AND t Confectionery ^ IN THE DOMINION High Class Goods at Reasonable Prices PROPRIETORS OF THE WELL-KNOWN BRANPOF STERLING CHOCOLATES IT WILL PAY INTENDING PURCHASERS TO SEE OUR SAHPLES CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 23 :CO )A I $ t y E DOMINION rices :H0C0LflTE5 JR SAHPLES A Brief Outline of the Flattering Position of the Dominion of Canada, Form of Government, Area, Resources, Development and the Facilities we have provided for convenient Interchange with our Sister Colonies. That the unity of tlie British Kmpire depends upon the colonies is a truism and that the prosperity and propfress of tlie external enijilre depends ujion the sujireniacy of Kiifjfland on the sea both in respect to natural power and coninieree is ecjually true. Here then we have all the insj)iration for the late Intercolonial Conference wliich was held at Ottawa. Sir Charles Tupper our lli^j-h Commissioner in London E}?nland holds the opinion that the Confederation of Canada must be ranked as the most important event of history relatiufj^ to the unity of the Empire, and he is rifi^lit if Confederation be considered simply as an object lesson to other colonies as geographically named, and as collectively constituting with the Mother Country the Greatest Empire the World has ever seen*. But while Confederation in Canada was an event unique in the history of the British Empire the Inter- colonial conference was unique in the history of the world. AS TO OUR FORM OF GOVERNMENT. The adoption of the system as set forth in the Con- stitution of Canada contained in the British North American Act 1867, 30. Vic. 3. has caused our Canadian Constitution to become the very image and reflection of parliamentary government in England, and it seems to be anticipated that the Conference of the Australian Colonies at Hobart will result in a Confederation on somewhat similiar lines. The system of government established in Canada under the Union Act of 1867 is a federal Union (the first of the kind in the British Empire), having a general or central government controlling all matters essential to the general development, the permanency, and the unity of the whole Dominion, and a number of local or Provincial governments having the control and manage- ment of certain matters naturally and conveniently falling within their defined jurisdiction, while each government is administered in accordance with the British System of Parliamentry institutions. By this Act the Imperial Parliament practically gave to the Dominion Parliament the largest possible rights which can be exercised by a dependency of legislating on all matters of imiiortance to the Union generally. The po; ition Canada consequently occupies is that of a semi-independent power. AS TO AREA. The Dominion of Canada iias an area of about .'{,31.'!, (147 s,(14U,4!t7 square miles, the combined area therefore of Caiiaila and the Australian Cohtnies exchisive of New (Juinea, com]irising more than 70 ])er cent, of the whole Empire. The area of the whole Continent of Kurojie is about 3,661,360 square miles. It is therefore only aliout 204, !t80 square miles larger than the Dominion of Canada. Canada is 4."K),78;i s(iuare miles larger than the L'nited States without Alaska. l\ngland, Wales and Scotland form an area of about H8,(j()() v(|uare miles forty such areas could be cut out of Canada. A recent writer resident in Sweden attempted to give an idea of the size of Canada in this way. " We must first take our own country (Sweden) with its land and water, its mountains and its woods, very extensive is our country but against Canada it is nothing. " Then we take the whole of Scandinavia, Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland but our balance is yet in the air, we add England, Scotland and Ireland but with- out result. " We take three more Kingdoms and one Republic viz: Holland, Belgium, Greece, and Switzerland, yet we lack much. " We add the Balkan States, Servia, Bulgaria and Rounuinia, and with these we join Turkey and though we now have a dozen States in the European side, Canada is still more. " Wc take all the Kingdoms in the Empire of Ger- many, we take the Kingdom of Italy, the Empire o' Austria-Hungary, and the Republic of France, and yet Camida is more than all the other countries put together. " And now perhaps the reader may have some idea how big Canada really is. "We have forgotten Portugal and Spain, but it makes no difference. " But Russia is left and is about great enough to fill up the rest. "CANADA IS IN BRIEF AS LARGE AS THE WHOLE WORLD Elh'OPE." THE CLIMATE OF CANADA. Exjierienee tells us that the glurious elimate of Canada is tiie point (Jii wliieli uh st iiersons get astray. Instead of " six months winter and six iiinntlis cold weather" being the normal condition, the fact is that tlu^ average winter is about four ami a half months, and though the spring may l)egiii two or three weeks later than in England, the conditions for raiiiii growth \\z: " warm siin-iiiiie and r.iin " are -o f.-ivoralile that tlieeroiis ol the I w ii eniiiill'ies are a 1 mil t ciiiKillv advanced by the midlife of .Inly. iVs the eoimtry has become better known it is now understoml that our winters are healthy and enjoyable, while our summer weather is not surpassed in the most favored parts of Euroiie, and that our climate is sijperior to that of England is admitted by all who ha\-e had experience of both, and it is a well recognized fjict that a sharp cold winter with plenty of snow, is by far the healthiest as well as the most advantageous to business of every kintl, while a mild winter is detrimental alike to busiueiiti and health. 1 24 THE RESOUKCES AND RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF '\S He 113 m ii' !*,' i\ i Ivj THE . CHATHAM . NA/AGON, Of which the above Is a faithful cut Made by the CHATHAM HANUFACTURINa CO'Y, Ltd. At the World's Fair, Chicago, in competition witli tiic product of the largest and oldest makers in the UnitedStatcs and elsewhere, it won the highest award, a Qold Medal and Diploma. Hesides being made of the fittest and best material in Wood and Iron, it is equipped with malleable Arms, of Avliich this is a cut : The combination of Axle and Sandboard, and Axle and Hol- ster, rendered easy by this Arm, as seen in following cuts, constitute the strongest Wagon for the weight of it ever made. Van Allen's Patent Arm. Applied lu Hind Axle of Chatham Ulant. It is also eipiipi cd with .Malleable Adjustable Stakes, as s-ceii in aliove cut. and other valuable imprnvements The Wheels are saturated with lioiling liiiMed oil bcfoic the Tiies are ^'t. and. with the front and hind Gearings, are licautifully iiaiiitcd, and the Jinxes are gi'aiueil to lepicsent some fancy wood, and the whole var- nished with the best varnish that can be in'ocured. Space foibids any more lengthy description, but certainly this Wagon takes the lead wherever introdiu-ed. Catalogues, prices, &.Q,., furnished on application. Corresponilence solicited. CHATHAM MANUFACTURING CO'Y, Ltd. Chatham, Ontario, Canada. r>*m?>'imi^ THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 25 !\GON, d. Allen's Patent Arm. icr valuiilple iiiiiirnvcnK'nts. witli Uio front and hind ■ wood, and the whole var- • (h'scription, but certainly JO'Y, Ltd. latham, Ontario, Canada, It is lommoxly statkp that Canada has ax eight moxths' wixteu : it is sot coml'limextary to tiie ixtellifjexce uk the ruhlic to xotk'e situ a kemahk seriolsia". It lias l)e«'n said that Canada could novor {frow fruit to any extent. It is liardly necessary to state how coinpU'tely tlu'se ])roi)liecies have been falsitied. Canada has a reputation for fruit far beyond its boundaries, Canadian ajjplos brinj? tin? hif!;h(^st price of any that are iin])orted into the Kn^^lish market. .Many species of fruits }jrown in Kiifjliind uiKh'r fjlass, such as fjrapes, peiiclu-s, melons, tomatoes etc. flourish here in the o]ien air. The fjrowiiifj of fruit as well for home consumption as for exportation is a very important industry in Canada and one which excites the wonder of all new comers, who an; at first incredulous as to the extent and excellence of the fruits produced in our glorious country, which has the summer skies of Italy and France. The vineyards, peach and apple orchards are in- numerable, strawberries are raised as a Held crop, plums, pears, cherries, gooseberries, currants, raspberries etc. arc everywhere produced in great abundance. The tomato ripens in the open air and such is the profusion of this fruit that it is very often cheaper on the market than potatoes, selling at fifty cents (two shillings sterling) and sometimes less per bushel. Melons ripen in the open air in a field or market garden crop, and this de- licious fruit is very cheap in season. The great wealth of Canada in fruits is not only in- teresting to the intending settler as an industry, but as a climatic fact, and should be a complete refutation to any remarks or opinions to the contrary notwith- standing. The apples of Canada are highly prized in England and are shipped there in thousands of barrels, the Americans at the great Colonial Exhibition honestly admitted themselves to have been fairly beaten by this Canadian product, the fokegoixg should support OUR climatic ASSERTIONS. THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF CANADA FINANCIAL AUTHORITIES ON THE SITUATION. The following extracts are from some of the annual reports and official statements of the banks and other financial institutions of Canada. Canadian Bank of Commerce.— Mr. G. A. Cox, the President, said :" In tlu; Hank wo see the balance sheets of very many different kinds of business, and of many different men in the same kind of business ; a very trifling minority may have fallen behind in capital during the i)ast year, Imt we have remarked inor<' than once at the board talilc that at no time in recent years has the im]irovenient in capital, as shown by the surplus in the customer's balance sheet, been so general. Look- ing around us, while every caution is necessary, we do not see anytiiing in the outlook which is not hopeful for Canada." Mr. E. H. Walker, the (ieneral Manager, in his ad- dress, said :— " (j)uoting from sales and collections run- ning into several millions of dollars, we find that in Ontario farmers paid their paper without renewal to the extent of over ninety -six per cent. The Bank of Montreal.— On the 4th .lune 1894 at the general meeting the President Sir. Donald Smith in review of the year ended April 3Utli 1894 said:— "The period has been a trying one in many respeits in chartercil liaukr-aiiil >a\ iii;^s liaiik> cRowro ETINO ated Ware, and our designs freely acknowledged by the eclated by you. Write us for Ke can please you well. ARE FULLY ;CT Proctors, ent8» &c. nto, Canada ;tition, Settlements of nission, &c. and Chief Justice of Lex. mills. well-known American writer on finance says : " Witii a population of 5,000,000, Canada lias Imt .'J'J banks, or less than one to every 12r),000 inhabitants, while the United States, with a jjopulation of ().'),000,00(J has over 8,000 banks, or one to about every 8,000 inhaitants. Of the Canadian banks, however, 1 •> have in the ngf^re- gate 337 branches, and of the remainder 22 have 1 23 branches, makinfj the total number of bankiu}; offices in the Dominion 499, or one to every 10,(X)0 inhabitants. While, too, the capital and surplus of our 8,0(J0 banks is $1,700,000,000, or an average of little over 8200,000 each, the 39 Canadian banks liave an aggregate capital and surpliss of nearly :g90,000,000, or an average of over S2,2r)0,000 each." CANADA'S ALL RIGHT. Hon. G. W. Ross on our System of Government. CONFIDENCE IN THE FUTURE. [Prcsi Banquet KeiMirt] Given a good stock, trained through generations in the habit of self-government, hardened, it may be, by centuries of struggle for existence, conscious of its abil- ity to grapple with and overcome dilliculties, self-reliant enough to assert its rights, and courageous enough to defend them if assailed, and you need no other guar- antee as to the future of a nation. That is our position in Canada, and no nation has been, and no nation cafi be a failure where its ruling forces are composed of such stalwart elements. The racial forces which govern Canada govern the whole world. They control its com- merce, compose its armies and its navies, legislate for it.s millions in popular assemblies of varied kinds, and there is none to question their behests or challenge their supremacy. And are we to suppose that, having domonstrated their power by centuries of achievement, having founded and colonized the empires, they would drop from their nerveless grasp the sceptre of conquest when they touch our shores, and content themselves with a future of idleness and obscurity? Nay, verily. (Cheers). Then what have we to fear ? I have confidence in the future of Canada because dur constitution is so elastic as to permit the fullest expression of the popular will. It is a happy combin- ation of the diffusion of power and central control. As an instance of diffusion we have in Ontario alone about 6,000 limited monarchies in the form of school boards ; we have 900 limited monarchies in the form of municipal corporations ; we have 4.5 limited monarchies in the form of County Councils ; we have 7 limited monarchies in the form of Provincial Governments: we have 1 limited monarchy, wliioh wo fimdly call the Dominion of Canada ; and over all presides Her Majesty — the embodiment of the best limited monarchy which the world ever possessed. This constitution, with its multiplex adaptations, is our own creation. On the one hand, it represents tlie idea of local control to the very verge of socialism ; on the other hand, that concentration of power essential to the solidarity of national interests. For 27 years we have tested its adaptability to our various political necessities, and no one can say that it has failed to serve the purpose for which it was designed. In some instances it may have been misundersttHxl and niisintori>r«'ted ; in other instances it may have been strained to serve a purpose which it was not intended to serve; but in no case can it be used as the instrument of oppression, except with the consent of those for whom it is administered. And if to-day every Canadian, whether on the i>latform or through the press or at the ballot-box, has perfect freedom of oi)inion, if no one can touch his pocket by taxation or his person by indictment, except with his consent, if the will of the majority for the time being is the obligation of all, it is because the constitution which we have framed for our own hands secures for us these priceless privileges. As a Canadian I want that jtitution m-idified as the growing wants of the country may require, to be for us an abiding hope— a sure and steadfast anchor. I know of no privilege compatible with public morality which it does not i)ermit me to enjoy. I know of no asi)irations for the future of the country which it compels me to restrain, and I want my children and my children's children to cherish it as they would cherish the precious memories of their childhood and the hallowed associations of their home. (Cheers). MANUF.VCTURES OF CANADA. This is a department to which we refer and set forth with pardonable pride, for the reason that in design, value or material, our manufacturers take equal rank in all lines, and first place in many, with competitors in any part of the world, and we specially desire to impress residents in the sister colonies with such, so that we may develop as extensive and as desirable an inter- change as possible with them, for all that is peculiar to their several colonies. The awards and honors secured by Canadians at all of the great Exhibitions within the past few years, — notably the Centennial Exhibition, in Philadelphia in 1876; the Colonial Exhibition, in London, England; the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893 ; the Jamaica Exhibition, and our own Toronto Annual Industrial Exhibition — fully support our claims and assertions. In evidence, the World's Columbian Exposition was held in Chicago, opening 1st May and closing 31st October, 1893. Canada accepted the invitation to take part in the Exhibition. Slie had exhibits in all the great departments. The intention of the Exposition was in great measure to show the advancement of each nation in the arts and sciences since the Centennial Exhil)ition, held in Philadel]ihia. Canada showed that she had applied herself with vigor to her own develop- ment during the years intervening between the Cen- tennial and the Columbian expositions. She sent about §1,000,000 worth of her products, classed under Agri- culture, Horticulture, Live Stock, Fisheries, Mines and Mining, Machinery, Transportation, Manufactures, Art, I.ilitTfil -Vi'ts and Ktlmnldgy. Tlie awiirds bestoW((d were as under : Agriculture 658 Horticulture 8(» Live Stock 1187 Fisheries 24 Mines and M ining 66 Maciiinery 28 Transiiortiition 28 Munulactures 121 Art 5 Liberal Arts 192 Ethnology 6 2847 award* 28 THE RESOUHCES AND RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF -'^■! I' I iii Ml : MP D. W. Karn & So "BEST IN THE WORLD.' . . OVER 38,000 IN USE . Manufacturers of THE KARN ORGAN AND RIANO ESTABLISHED 1868 Woodstock, Ontario, Canada. Unrivaled. Unsurpassed. Fulfills the Requirements of the Most Critical. Admired and Praised by All. WHAT THE PU8LI0 REQUIRES THE DEFERS MUST PROVIDE SECURE TERRITORY The Princess MIRROR TOP, ELECAHTLV CARVED [^oyal Organ ENTIRELY NEW DESIGN. -<^ High Grade. Moderate Price FOREIGN AGENCIES: Zurich, Switzerland Sydney, Australia Chrlstchurch, New Zealand. Yokohama, Japan Madras, India Barcelona, Spain St.Peter8burg,Russla Port Elizabeth, Africa Warskw, Russia Milan, Italy Odessa, Russia Easy to Sell Hard to Wear out Always Satisfactory. INVESTIGATE. 7S Styles to Select from. Always received HiRhest Honors and Gol0, 20 exhibits and 4 awards. In all, 700 exhibits and 462 awards in IH'.i.'l, against 207 exhibits and 53 awards in 187(>. The Chicago system of making awards differed from that employed at Philadelphia, exact eoniparistm is not, therefore, possible, but in a general way the figures given showing that in 18',t3 00 per cent, of the exhibits in live stock received awards, against 25 per cent, in 1870, indicate progress. Compared with the exhibit of live stock made by the United States, and taking the test of value of awards and proportion to numlwr of entries, Canada, with an average of .?11.02 per head, diil not equal the L'nited States with an average per head of $10.24, Judged by the money results, Canada stood below the United States in horses, the awards per head being: for Canada, .^41, and for the United States, 85().',tO: in cattle, tilt! award per Imad l)eing S3.'<.1.'» and 854.20; in swine, .Si'.' and ^.'il.liO respectively. In sheep and poultry, however, Canada stood above the United States, the par head award for sheep being, Canada, S22.51, Lnited States, 810.37 ; poultry, Canada, «!2.:i0; United States, 81.;!4. In dairy i)roducts Canada did well in cheese, having receiv(Hl 7.50 awards on 849 entries in 189.'{, against 49 awards on 195 entries in 1870. At l*liiladeli)hia the Canadian cheese was very uneven, some ranking four points higher than any United States cheese, others being of a lower grade. At Chicago the whole exhibit was of such excellent quality that the standard had to be placed so high as almost to bar United States exhibits from receiving an award. In butter Canada did net do so well relatively. In 1870, for butter, Canada secured 5 medals on 10 exhibits, and in 1893, 40 medals on 207 exhibits. In Jlanufactures the number of Canadian exhibits was less than in Philadelphia but the exhibits were larger and of greater importance. Taking all that can be properly designated as manufactures, including the departments of transport- ation, machinery of all kinds, food (other than dairy), products, textiles, clothing, hardware and musical instruments, there were 505 Canadian exhibitors at Philadeli)hia who secured 178 awards: in Chicago in the same departments there were 177 Canadian exhib- itors competing and they secured 154 awards. At Philadelphia only 3.) ])er cent, of our exhibitors of manufactured goods received awards, while at Chic- ago 87 per cent, were successful. This comiiarison is made all the more striking by the fact that at Philadelphia 42 per cent, of ail exhibitors received awards while at Chicago only 30 per cent, wen; successful. .\t Philadelphia Canadian manufactures fell below the average of awards, while at Chicago they were much above the average. This rai)id develoimient of Canadian nuinufactures attracted the attention of experts. At a hmclieon. Prof. Thurston of Cornell University, who was chairman of the .lurors on Agricultural Mach- inery, and otiieially connected with the Centennial, stated iii;ii lie had <'x,-iniin('(l the ( ';inadi;in fxliibits of general aiul agricultural machinery at Chicago with great care as he had done 16 years before at Phila- delphia; that in design, construction and smoothness of running, he considered them equal to any in the Exhibition, and that Canada had in the 16 tears SHOWN GREATER PROGRESS THAN ANY OTHER NATION. M THE RRSOHRORS AND DKVRI-OPMRXT OF THR He 113 Ms? *' : >1:J i 'J'i i The Canadian Rubber eompany OF MONTREAL- Capital $1,500,000 Plimsoll Shoes^*- Lacrosse and Tennis Shoes IVIANUFACTURERS OP" High^ Grade of Rubber Boots and *^hoes -AND- BELTING, HOSE, PACKINGS, CARRIAGE GOODS, CLOTHING, Etc. Offices and Warerooms: 333 and 335 St. Paul Street Factories: Paplneau Square Branches : TORONTO and WINNIPEG reet J MONTREAL CANADA THE BREITHAUPT LEATHER CO., Ltd. (FOUNDED IN 1857) Tanners ..^'^ Leather Merchants CHOICE HEHLOCK SOLE=LEATHER FOR EXPORT A SPECIALTY HEAD OFFICE, BERLIN, CANADA Tanneries at BERLIN PENETANC LISTOWELL Correspondence Solicited. Offices and Store; No. I 19 Dundas Street and Market Square . Established 1864 JOHN s. PERReE & eo. Exporters, Importers and Growers of I FIELD I GARDEN and 1 FLOWER Cheese Factory and Creamery Apparatus, Dairy Supplies, &c. # # LONDON, ONT., CANADA CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED .■-..-• THK DOMINION or CANADA u ompany High^ Grade of Rubber Boots and *^hoes SLOTHING, Etc. CANADA , Ltd. SPECIALTY fA/, CANADA Established 1864 5. tplies, &c. , CANADA In respect to textiles, II. Latzko. prcHidcnt of the Imperial Koyal Austrian Jury (Irlejyatian, said, a cahk- KUL EXAMINATION OK THK HEAL'TIKLI, KXHHIITH OF CANA- DIAN TEXTILES REVEALEO THE ENORMOl'S PROGRESS Canadian industry had made. "Canada has, in my opinion, made most wonderful progress in the 16 years which have elapsed since the Centennial Exposition, and 1 can candidly say no other nation which exhib- ited HAS SHOWN SUCH PROGRESS AS CANADA. London "Enj«ineering," edited by one of the British Commissioners, said : "In the Manufacturers Buildinj; the crowded space behind the handsome screen upon the main aisle was filled with exhibits, attesting the manufacturing jiower of the Dominion. In Machinery Hall the Canadian section was highly creditable. In Transjiortation building the Canadian section was of exceptional interest. The lishihg interest was well represented. Th(! Horticultural exhibit was an exce])tionally line display. The mineral exhibit was a reniai'kal)le collec- tion of minerals. The Forestry building showed how rich Canada is in timbers." In his otiicial report to the British (iovernnient, Colonel Hayes-Saddler, the British Consul at Chicago, said: "The British colonies came well to the front, and universally drew remarks of praise and approbation, not only by the extent, but the quality of their display. The exhibits of New South Wales and Canada fairly took the public by surprise. " The exhibit made by the women of Canada was highly honorable to their skill and culture. Exclusive of art, at Philadelphia there were 68 exhibitors of womans work, who recieved but 15 awards. At Chicago there were !•? exhibitors who received 58 awards. The work as a whole at Chicago was most favourably commented on by experts, and showed the marked advancement which characterized the other Canadian exhibits. In Horticulture, Canada received at Philadelphia 14 awards, at Chicago 45. At the former exhibition all the awards went to Ontario ; at the Chicago Exhibition, Quebec, Nova Scotia, British Columbia and Prince Edward Islar.d received awards as well as Ontario. In addition to the honours for fruits, 12 awards were given for vegetables, in which Canada was not excelled. The pomological exhibit attracted great interest. In the 16 years since the Centennial Exhibition, no country showed a more marked advance in fruit culture than Canada. Tn the Fisheries department the cheif feature was the Canadian Government's exhibit, showing the in- creasing attention given by the Government to the scientific study of our fisheries, to their preservation and to fish propagation. The commercial side of the ezhibits showed the greater attention now paid by fish- ermen to the utilization of the bye-products in the shape of oils, glues and fertilizers. In the matter of educational appliances, the province of Ontario secured high and universal commendation at the Philadelphia Exhibition in 1870. It maintained at Chicago in 1893 its high standing, and showed its educational system, from the Kindergarten to the Uni- versity, in a way almost ideally perfect. The provinces of Quebec, and Nova Scotia and the North-west Territories, unrepresented at Philadelpliia, shared honours with Ontario at Chicago. INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS m niK DOMINION of CANADA AH TAKKX rauM THE LAST CENSUS OF 1891. The following statistical data is taken from the last census of 18'.U, compiled by the statistical branch of the Department of Agriculture. The census of the Dominicm is taken every ten years by expert enumerators, whose hwurn ditv is to be accurate and complete in their returns. The statistical branch of ihe Department of Agriculture exercise great care in compiling the returns of the enumerators, and cut out all very small industries, wln^re the outjiut, though making a large sum in the aggregate, was in each individual case an adjunct to a regular occupation, rather than the occupation by which a livelihood was obtained. Data ui) to 1«'J4 could have been presented, obtain- ed from sources other than governmental, and which would have assisted in further proclaiming the marked and continued progress of our Dominion ; but it should not be necessary for present purposes. We prefer to advantage the census returns of but three yeai-s since, compiled as they are by (jeorge .lohnson, F.S.S., Gov- ernmental Statistician, and his assistants, ujion whom it reflects the greatest credit. It is compiete, compre- hensive and accurate :— ARMS AND AMMUNITION. industry ex: Capital .1 WagM Vftlui* of Output o5 Cartrirtirp Mnklnor. 2 7 41 Win.nnti 4,0(10 400,! i« Wi.tiMS 27.S a 1.^2 67 fWi.507 l..>iOll i»,;47 t*m.fiM nviinmitc Works. Ounpcnvder Mllln.. KiiiismUliiii); Total... !I,.V10 .'■►n.iKK) ,w,i.'in Census of 1891- M 1.107,011 47.'i 17.'>,3n4 l,10.'),208 Cciisus of 1881- -Total.. 41 IWilW) 14fl 62,847 ao»,7.« 1 tido.ouo 100 *fio,ooo «i40,oon 81 81(l.4>ill 1,323 44I7,1B4 1,170,««S 1 l.l.dOO 40 20,000 «,ofln 47 7U.^K, IS4R 2.li,747 782,770 1 1,700 2 1,(«I0 .'.,000 589 8,()«fl,BHIi 7,70.') s,0im,(a2 8,,')18,0i)4 3 7!»,0'I0 IK) 22,000 02.C0O BOOKS AND STATIONERY. Hank Xoto EntrravhiK. lionk Hindini; IClo('troSti>rr'iit.viiin(r. . EnKHivlnt' & LltliiiKiaiililni? Kn^^ravcra' snpplit'H.... Printing and PutillshlnK Stationery Cen»usofl8»l— Total.... 723 10,.'i40,431 fl,»Ofl S,875,.M3 10,M3,487 CenSUSof 1881— Totnl.... 48» .1,619,810 R,07.', 2,2.Vl,0.1.'i 6,7!«,8S0 CARRIAGES, ETC. rarrlaKeandWa(tonMakln« .1,336 t.'<,02f(,821 it,0.V! *2.9!W,.'i72 f(i,744,41R CarrlaKPTopMnkhiK 2 43.07.^ 42 sc.'i.'O 7!t,4 9,4li0,.';25 Slri'i't l':ir Works l I'l.'.lh .', 2,|ipO 13,600 Whip Kactorlcs M 8i|,.'>52 120 3K,«iO 162,460 CensuSof 1891— Total.... 3,,W4 10,918,285 14,462 8,860,016 19,711,581 Censuaof 1881— Total.... 3,188 5,443,893 11,939 3,.'»S,SI7 10,&88,847 32 THE RESOURCES AND RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF CANADIAN .Pacific Railway/ CANADIAN .Pacific Railway THE Canadian Pacific Railway In connection with the . , Canadian - Australian : Steamship : Line Has been the means of bringing ^AN ADA_and ^USTRALJ A NEARER TO EACH OTHER The Canadian Pacific Railway Spans the AnK'iicjin Continent from Vancouver to AfoNTREAL, Querec. St. Johns, Halifax. Boston, und Xew York, running tiirono-h scenery the most marvellous, and in Coaches the most superb. The Canadian-Australian Line R.M. S. "Miowera" and "Warrimoo" Are the best running between Australia and the American Continent. Touching at the Hawaiian and Fijian Islands. Leaving Vancouver on the l()th of each month, and Sydney, N.S.W., on the 18th of each month. Time of ocean voyage 2;} days. Fare the lowest — accommodation the best. For full |)articulars apply to any afjent of the Canadian Pacific Haihvay Company, or to: BURNS, PHILP & CO'Y, Managfing Agents. CANADIAN 1^ PACIFIC Railway Canadian-Australian S. S. Line, Sydney, N.S.W. D. McNICOLL, (iciicral Passenger Agent Canadian Pacific Railway Co., Montreal. CEO. OLDS, General Traffic Manager, Canadian Pacific Railway Co., Montreal. CANADIAN vPacific RAILWAY/ THK DOMINION OF CANADA. ', St. Johns, niiU'volloiis, ciip:micals. 1^ i INnUSTRV. >> Vnliip wS Capltnl. _.s WnKi'K. "f -■g » 5" Output. i" is Ualcliii-'I'.iwdcraiidKlavimr- liii; K.«lrait» ll.llllT ('"IIIJI'iUIkIk riMiiili'iiln KKtiililixhiniMiU IlM'iiiir and SrnurliiK (•■.■rtlllzi'i-it Iliilr W.iiku Ink MakhiK I.ltliaitri' \V(irk» Mi'tliylati-cl Spirits ralc'iit .Mi'clii'Irii'a l'h<>iiiKra|ilM TH I'lii>t"if raplili' Su|i)j||ei Sail Wnrks SiiiM'riilicmplmli'B Va^flliM' WaHliliiuCoiMponiHlR (■(■iimi.«ipf IHil-Tcilal... (•c'nunsdf IHMi-THtal.,.. •n *,W„V)ii ■m cim.na.'t «il7l,l.>i 1 If.'HiO I MX l.Llai l:i.i l.ll.'O.IIll IWi? :i:»i,711 H.KIH.IINl t-J .■U'l.iw; -*IC H().N ;ll.'i..'i(H 1 III! ."i.lMl aii.iKiii I J J.'l.lHll ;u) 11 .M.'l 11 K.V' :i ■-il.TiKi 111 7.f:iH ■i.'i..*.7;i>* Hlii.U'r. 1 lil.77.'i !!l 7, .'Km jL'.l.'ill ill IIIM.IJ)) J 17 r.7.iK«i .11:'.!ijii 11 lii.'i.ir.p 11 PS :i4i,Hiil Jll li-.'.i 1 ll>.IHM> ,'. :i.o.Mr Krliticrlcs Tnliafi'o W'.irklii^r Willi' .Makliit.' Crnsusdr Iwil-Tiital... . Ci'iisucijf mxi— Tofil... IKK » li.lli,.-171 1177 S 211.1,2211 t !llli,7l,'i l.',0 K,.'>:i:i.ii,.i 1 .HK.'i Sllli.i^Kl .'>,!i,v;.>.'.;i 171' Hi.Ki:. :ii:i 47.1711 w.r.a lU' l.ii7;i.v;i» 3.2*1 ;i7ii.2.-l'i :i,.iii7.2iii 'J :il..VHj 17 li.lKHl .'iH.IMHl :il .VlLMUl li;s 71.11:1.1 l.llll.l'lll 1 l.i.lHMI 2.^ 7.ii:i" h:i.i«ki K 7,1 .'tl.iaa) 4111 17K.;i.-.ip 2.1!lH.ll'l(l 1.") 2il,i!«i .'17 7.2112 flll.KUll K ."i.li^.^ifi 1,1127 7IKI.H11 17.127.1i»i 37 •iMiM.Mi J.ll .i 4K.'.,2.'.2 2,.17.1.:i21 a .HlHl.-US 1-1(1 .•17.11.i.i 2.'il,4,s:i 7li!l i;7.1:i».ii7l lO.ilSH :I.1142,242 :i.'i.721l,«2li .'■.■IK lii,23il,:i;il 7 T.'\ 2,O.VI,K;i2 2i>.ii7s,:i(iii FIHROLS MATHHIAL. :i * :12,2,^11 2.1 « 7,K.'ili « 32,.'i(«l 2 141,(11111 ."i2 1H,.'I,TII 2(l.),Kri(l 21 2,:i7ii,:i(i.'i Sill 211I.H1I7 1,1123 ..',.11 42 i:i,G74 7.1 11,3-1.1 .'m.i.iK .'ill 4Kii.r,ii;i 1„')21 2.H,(177 7iili.ll.') 4.1 K12 101 4,(Nill 11.1122 ."l."! iW.dlll irn; .'ili,2l 1) 244.11411 .■12 11K,41I1 2I)C 711,874 42i;,!KJ2 4tl 3,2:l,'i,;)2,5 2,ll«l (!27,2!)2 3,44»,II71 lill li(i2,.'i.'>(l l,:!^^ ai3,!l2.i 1,2.'>K.472 Anlii'StiiK Work Ung Kacliirli'S CordiiKt'. Hoiii' and Twine , KIshini; TacKlo Flax anil Scuti-lilni; Mills.. Ni'l Makiiit; Sail .Makiiif,' Tiiiit and Awnlnns Ceimisof iHiil— Tdtal... Ccnsua of IKXl— Total .. . FOODS— VEGETABLE. HakiTlcs ciilciiry Kllim Oiiiifi'ctiipiicry Dried Fruit and Veiretaliles Fliiur anil (irisi Mills Fruit & Vejrelaiile Cannliiir.. Macnriinl and Verinaeelli.. . I'lekie Makinp Prepared (.'attle Fdod l*reserved Fruit and Jellies. Preserved Fmid \'iiie^ar Works YensI Makinir Ceiisusof 18111— Total.... 4,8.')S 31,442,7118 lll„'i73 Census of 1881— Total... :i,»m 17.803,422 lii,117 FOODS— ANIMAL. rilieese Factories l„')(>.'i ?2..')8(i,-iiiii 3,iil3 Creameries 17i' ."Mn,.'/.* 42.'i Fish Canuliiff :iiiii 2.MI4.224 13.7K1 Fish Curing 4.ii27 3,1.1,1,072 l,-..7ii4 Meat Canning 1 12.01KI n Meat Curing .127 2,173,(i77 l.iliHi Censusofisni— Total..., 7,28(l ll,33!l,.i7ll 34.1i.'2 Census of 1881— Total ... . 088 2..1(;h.ijp 3,17p; Total Animal and Vegetalde Foods, 18111 11,918 42,788,338 ,11,198 Total Animal and Vegetable Foods, 1881 4,938 20,371,451 22,293 l,ll.'p»l .■:'4.7Kl.Hil.'; 4, .',.11 >l,iilt.:i.'i.i 11 .llK,fr,7 4 .1.1111 .1 71.', 2,(rio 2KI1 2.2K1.2K4 2.4112 H(i:i.2lK .2K 1.11:11 .111 llli.i.'ill 431 .11 p.ip.'p.i 1 111.211(1 2..',SI1 23,1311,041 11..-I17 2.:i(iPi.iP3l f}-. .123.2W1 .',2 ,'i.'i3,K(l(l 2.241 Hi.',. 1114 Klll..'M2 1 5,(KH1 211 2..KJII 11,11(10 17 114,773 811 2(1.011(1 1111,710 •■) i.^Kl 11 2,1 i.K) 4, .13(1 7 17,7211 (!:i S..120 :)8,K!(I 1 2,()iai 3 2.000 8,iNI(l 27 4411,38.') 3I'2 10!l,4K 7.')3.f()7 t!>,7.84,288 llHl,303 lll3,.11il 1174.832 3,0111,2113 l,('llfi,.184 4,1142,3112 2,.10l) 7,(H,0 .V3,053 7,12,1,831 3,40fi,33il 2.1,8(54,305 p;22.141 IP.SiPd.ippVp FURNITURE, II()U8F*S AND HUILDINQS. INDISTHY. Caliini-t and Fiirnllure rcniciit Mills F.li'Viil'ir FacliirU'i Ili'ii^i- IiiTiiratlng Mine KlliK .Maiptip' pind Oralc umkiiiK. Miiltrcss niakintr PaliplA anil Viirnlpiti making raliilhi^ and Itla/.in^ I'liisli-r and Stuccn UiillllipL' Facliprv Rppppllipu- Malcrlal S.ish. Dtpiprs and Hllinis sprint.' Kill Makinir (■(■ipsnsiif ISKI -Tdtal.... ('(■nsusdflKKi -Total ... 21 i *S Capital. ,»4 Wai»e«. "f ^■5 sf Output. 1.2W 111 I.IKI I 12 lll'i (IK I ir. lUlK :io i.nm.i 4211.:! 471 .IHHI ,|IM ,2l«i ..1(111 221 MiiK, 71 .llHI ,i7il ,.1H2 7.1'«i 24:1 71) 1.1 "L'lii 1:17 .V17 1. 41 IN net :i .'KVl .1,»ip7 lll« >2,l.1», ".1, :i3, 27 mi, 213 .'»«). 1.1.1 1 112 2.31 PI Hi) 771 IMIO "7.1 IHRl 1171 ,)«■) ,2"0 .:i2ii 17 ,114:1 ,1100 ,11:111 ,2117 ,111:1 ,7oo,pai.1 2.11.17.1 ll7.lll«l .M.iam .t.t4,4.U ,1112.1110 2K4l,ll.',3 .li,^l,"2.1 ,.117.4711 SI 17. 1 vol 10,1 (»l NKI.IHII ,H!ll,!110 127..131)» LEATHER, HOOTS AND SIldE.S, ETC. Belt and Hose H t 2,11,i«»p ll'iiits and Shoes .•,.31ik 1),iiim,H'1;i Harness and Saddlery l.:Vki ■i.:,\i\.:^\ Last and I'i'W 11 (17,i«"i Leatller i,ai-e 2 211.IU1 .Moroici, Lentlier 1 :i.1.(»i(i Tanneries 8(12 il,:i22.1i(l.l Censusof 18111— Total... 7.773 18,8!)l„'>Hft 2.1,(lH!i Censusdf 1881— Total.... (1.813 14.:i21.(:it 27 ..113 14:1 « I12,IH0» .111,0(10 1K.141 4,11,3.1,8114 18,!I!I0„'181 3.l»ili l.lllll.li21l 3,1188,11(1) HI 2K,ii;lii 72,.',0O 41 li.KI) :1A,I«I0 1.-, 1.1.000 l.Ki.iaid 4.2ii;i 1,.122,I»I7 11.417.10(1 7..174,770 35,1113,1182 11,722.7,30 3ll,.V«.272 LIGHTING. Klei'trie AppliaiU'CS F.leelrle Miflit works F.leetric supplies Flsli nil Ketlnerlis das Works l,aiTips anil Cliaiidellers. . Lanterns Maleli Factories Oil Reliiieries I'atint Fuel Street Lamps Censusof IKKl— Total. Census of 1881— Total. N 173,448 18(1 71, .11 10 .12!i.7oO 80 4,113,771 70,1 21i7,ilM 1.1.14.119 15 l,:)8ii.,3(ii 211 lld.WlO .1.15,1,12 M, 1)1,113 IKII 21,311 71,.ll«> 411 13,1111,1111 1.11)1 41«l.i'.(ll i,T.»\.mi4i .V, 111,07.1 4.1.1.10 1 12.00(1 l.-p 7,(«m 20,000 11 32.',..Vii P llKll 1 1(1,21)1 42.1.1 M 21 l..N7:i.iilK 27lp ll(i.:i7i> 2,II>1I.115 1 2,(p;ki 11 1,8110 14,.')0(i 1 1711,11011 H 1,000 20,OU) 22.1 21.:I2I.2II 3,8112 1.2113.111.1 7.47.1.821 108 7.K7 1.0:17 2.1rilP illl.7(,li .1,813,1110 MACHINES, TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS. 8,416,892 95,671,293 4,432,803 64,178,2ai Aitrieultural Implements,... 221 8,1124,803 4,143 Bull Foundries 3 13,1I3A 15 Uieyiie Factories .1 78,8i« 88 Uiiuksmitliini.' 9423 (l,ii(i.1,(W8 12070 Holler Making 30 419,118.1 1.10 Uolt ami Xut Works 10 3l(i,8oo .1111 Brass Fittings 13 (a,1,oOO ,109 Copperine Faetories 1 11,020 (1 ('oppersmitiiiiiK 4 1,10,1100 (19 Cutlery 12 71,090 81 KdifC Tools 311 1,107 ,.1117 7211 Knulne Hulidlnt; IN l,244,.')Ni 1.2,17 Foundries & Maeliine Slidiis (121 l(i,73i),7(i3 12,808 Furiiiues. Stoves & Heaters. 23 ,178,351 ,M3 Galvanized Iron Works 2 12,1.00 9 Iron and Brass Fittings 40 !H17,4.|4 77.1 Iron and Steel Bridges 11 724,(1;V. 414 Knitting .Maehliies 4 20.2(6 in Lend Pipe Making 1 98,(i«i 10 i.ii.-litnlnj.- Hod Making 1 .'iiio 1 l..,(U. 405 Needle Factories 3 1(>,2(» 23 Pattern Mould Factories.... 3 3,700 ii PlumUng andGasflttlng... 144 l,037,27o 1,2(18 1,812,050 5,787 211,1175 3,187,4411 1113.881 911.13.1 2(13.780 3,.V10 29,400 29.525 31(1,24-1 ■Mf1.il 5,1,12,1.17 2411,975 2,7(0 29(),tUl) 181,300 2,800 5,000 .31 m 1.12,1*10 5,,1.')0 4,2.10 475,055 7.493,1124 13,400 97,.'k'>0 8,9l2,llKi 877.8111 401.1130 7,'iO,0( 14,(100 130,IIUI 74,,KIO 9i11,()(p4 1,.175,1,')9 1(1,405,280 7.')8,7,',0 )i„vin l,4a3.20(l 728,075 4,480 ,38,000 1,000 171,1-10 -'i3,000 744,1,10 13,300 10,1110 2,215,168 34 TUE RESOURCES AND RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY. !f S Capltnl. _^ Waffns. Vnhie of Outimt. INDUSTnV. Af >" Value is Capital. ^~ WaBCB. of Output. y. I\ MACHINES TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS. (.Conllnueil.) riuitiliiTR' Suiiplics 8imit?. <;ni»liln(,' Mills.. Ivel KaclMiv KiM'k DiiM .Mukliii; llollllK.' .MillK Safi' ami Vaiill Worlis.. Saw and Kile Cuttliii.' Sralc! I''acr'irl('» SiTCW ** St'wlii^: .Machines Sknti! Kacturlos Sincltlinr Wnrks Splnnlntr WliccI Wurka. SniliiK anil Axle Tin anil Sliii't Inm ■ Tlnsinitliln^ Tvpi' Kolinilrii'S Washing.' .Mai-lllni'S Wire Works CenausoflN'.il— Total Census of ISM— Total MATIIEJIATICAL INSTRUJIENTS, ETC. 1 .** S7.(H11 IVI S 20.00.1 i 7o.nno :)ii 2li.1,i>|i| 37i lll.'i.lS.l 312.ik;ii 1 i;i,iioii 30 ll',.'iliO 7'i,0l.0 2 il.Mlli .•il IS.dSO S7.1K1 li 2,:ih7..',io S,0(Ki Rl.-l.-iino ;t,iivi,!i.'io 17-'.S1.1 •Jii Kl.liki 21.'-|,I.W IS l.Vi. no xa 111.212 .W,l«) !l isi ,2:i:i i-'ii .I7.'iil.'i 17'i,2llO .■1 :-ii:i.7sii 171 f,.-i..'lSO 11111.21 I J :i.vi.:i:i."i K;i7 2ti.^.|p.^') 7..o,S70 2 lii.:).VP ■Si ".I.Vl n.Hdd ir, l.l.M.lsl l.ilol Kil OSO :l,ll7ii,21» 20 IMH.'i ifS .'..O.-i'l S.7.SS s I7:i.:i '■> 212 100,120 .'J7s.il IKI.'I'II MJ :il.;7l :ii7..'ioo .•111 l.TP lii.:ioo ii;i..'/is .TO l.i:is.M.-i s-l ,TI1.17:) i,:i7:i..')iii) 12.lill .VLliSLU*:! 1.1,122 17.81.vll.'> li2.lllli.17S lo.llii 27.hi:i.oi.i 37.271 n,ii(>7,7S7 3ii,ii:Vl,lo'.i MATTERS— ANIJIAL. Reoswax Rellnlnir Hone CinshlnK Jfills Hruslia>iil lliooni Makhiir. ('omli Kaetories Olue Kaetoiles Glveerlne Works Hiilr Cloth .MakhiK Para line anil Wa.v Sheepskin Mats Soap ami Camlles Tallow Kellneries Taxidermy Wax Camlles Wax Workiiit; Census of is'il— Total. . , Census oflSSl— Total .. . 1 2 1 1 !tt I 31 :! 12 $ 3.: S.20S LISA 3.s.^s ■l.oeo lii,:iiin S72, 1,111 21 1,1 UK I (I7,sii0 ■lO.fOO ,H7,IH)0 4U,0 i:i,iK)o .',l.il,!lll) 12.11110 2.i,12.-) ii,r.ii) 7.7.i2 2.ili l.li:ill.737 L.'illi .i24,S.3l) 3,:i7ll.3S4 1112 1.1 111, 123 1,.W2 .S'.IS,ill2 2,llftl,274 MATTERS— VEGETABLE. Asherles 128 Hark Extract 4 Basket MakiiKr 2V1 Carpenterlmr 4,i!ls Carvlntrand rillilini; 21 (/liareoal HnniliDT .'li Cheese liiix Maklni.' is Cljrar " 2 CoBtn and Casket .Making . . .'17 ("^oki; Ovens 2 Coopera^^es I.;'i2l Vork Cutting' .'> llopCnniii.' 2 l,alh Mills 13 Mnseed oil 2 liohster Trap Maklnsi !.■'< pollster I 'an and llox 3 LuhrleatlnuOll 2 Moss Kactorv 1 Oplnin " 10 I'aeklni.' Case K.ietorv .'ID Pall and Tuh 2 I'aiK'r Hair and Box 43 " Collars 1 •• .Mills 34 " Patterns 3 Picture Frame Hlii Planhn-'and Mouldlup 321 I'rcss St.-imp ami Die 21 PnlpMills 21 Pnmp and Windmills .'in.'! liulilicr Kaclorles l.i (iooils 3 " Stamps 1 Saw-mills 6,iiill Slilni-'lcniills S77 Shook and Hox .Mills 2A Spool Factory H Starch '• 11 Slave " 70 Straw Works Si Trunk and Box 02 Wall Paiicr 4 Wood Turiilug 1*7 Consusof 1801— Total.... 14,74.') 78,3»(j,050 83,220 21J74,(X11 8.1,,M8,74J Oensusof 1881— Total.... n,10» 34.137,430 00,351 ll,oeo,»0 68,524,813 « 113,019 215 $ 4.5,].in ? l.M,441 IM.IHII) 55 28,4110 120,1X10 SP^.'ipl ,'i(!7 lll!.iiS7 l.il.lK13 5,012.1170 10.137 2,ll4'l.s7 1 137.11111 1II..VI0 .'III ll.OIHl l.i.lKK) 3 11.111,-1 3 111 13.-,.'Jlll 4llS..-,7l) l.'42..-|Oll 12 l.i.lilKI 'III.OOO l.Silll.lP31 3.201 71 1.5.14 2.3x2,072 l!lll..'i'NI S2 21.S1I1 lilil.pni 1.."!.-. 27 7. ill 3.S110 3-i.3li.-l SI U.ISII .i7.sii;i .■i.'i7..illl 45 l.-,.:iKi 377.001 11.071 21 IS 1.713 17.111 !S .-i.'.llMl 5il 11.200 3I.IKI0 4. PHI 4 I.21KI 11.1100 7.7.il 11 l.liio 3.1(10 l.'lii.3>l) 22 s.lno 27:i..-i '4 137. .10.1 32:1 llS.llOO •2!I'1.SII!' lil2,13;l SI 311.281) !i:i.!lli2 7!i.i..M«l lull 220.51') 1.1I-1.4I1I1 7 .0111 150 3I1.IK)I •l.l.OIHI 4.1173.211 1.7112 li.ill.l 12 2..-|7.',ll7 llSII 11 2.17s 12.11:10 2s:i.:iii2 :I73 U'.'.OII 51l..',711 2,!l.-).-,.ilS0 2.i'.ill 1170,112 5.211. n!l2 l'l!l.27i 127 .VI. 330 IM.ll K) 2.HI10,!III7 1.112.-, 2! '2.0! Ill 1.1 .'.7,810 ."il!l,Sllll .-,1' lll3.32i 1101.513 2,312,1 .'iS 1.2 J 1 ;i:ili.|ils 2.0; 11.0111 ls,4io 1113 22.SIN) .5S.2SO 2110 1 375 751) o'l.l72.:.,l 61,37s 12 I125,S!15 61,2(12.435 1.52!l,.S.iS 3,31 iS (Il0,.3.'i<) 2,U!i;i.il21 7:1,1177 132 2S,li(7 !l!l.71l (!.'l,4 120 25,1100 .50,(10,1 4IO,.'i(0 S.HS llll,2,'iO 4Sil.S.iO 724,'242 1,005 2!«i,l)(18 814,3:1!) 1:18,1,10 1!)0 44 ,7! K) 1.^1. .552 fl.i!),Hn8 824 2,53,811;) 1,1)12,733 3 8.M,(«I0 40:1,510 7.58 t()1.2ll5 021,(iKl 3 3 1 11 2.700 5.740 5,' 40 .14,075 S !) 2 33 2,48,-. 4,2.50 SIK) 11,875 5,875 Optical Spectacdes Sui'Kical 13,510 1,800 .5:1,800 Census of 18111- Total. . . . Census of ISSI— Tot.')l. . . . 18 in 4 7, .5.55 81,!)(») .52 74 l!l,410 23,180 74,!i75 fili.200 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. Musical Instruments . I'lano Actions Census of Ism— Total. .. . Census of issl— Total . . . . .8!! 2,:i7s,il.'i3 2,170 ll.WHI .3-1 !lfi2,423 3,3(13,713 10,800 2!I,.5U0 117:1,22:1 3,31)3,213 417,833 1,220,1!15 SIIIP.S AND BOATS. lilockMaklnt.' Hiat liuildiiit.' .Mii.st ami Spar .M.ikiiif,' Ship-yards Census of ism— Total Census of lssi--T"tal.... :i(i f31.(.'i5 77 .il!),7!15 *73,sii.5 47s 421,:i!i5 832 1711,0112 477..i22 14 .'iS,ll(i5 45 15,(120 .-|!l,SIX) 147 2.(ll5,4;,li 3.1!ll 11118,015 3.101.276 2,.5.-'.i,!l.-)l 4.145 1,213, U2 3,712,402 STONE, CLAY AND GLASS. Hrlck and Sl'ine China Decorating lilass Works Marhle and Sloiie Ctittiii Pavlnir Material Potteries Show Crises Stained Class Works Terra Cutta 11:17 5'3..513,IKi:i ll.7:)5 ¥ 1,. 128,48!) ?3,.5SI,71S 12 4117 5 *2 1(1 5 4 21..-|(M :is7.2iio 2.-2( 13.2:12 8211.8(10 720,872 23:i..l 5 12.SIKI 3::v.:iiM) 31 !13:) 3,773 237 510 177 ,50 i:)(i 5,lli«) .348,810 l,4Ul.8,i7 4S,S(.0 l(iS,!128 84,2.51) 22,HUO 02,1100 37,(KIO 01)7,1,50 4,.5'l5,li74 2;7,8.'iO 478,1:70 411,7.50 07,8110 151,000 CensusoflSiil— Total. Censusof 18S1— Total. 1,314 8,:4(2.2.V, 12,000 3,.58O,020 10,221,207 llSll 2..5IO,347 7.720 1,752,005 4,000,i!fl7 TEXTILE FABRICS AND DRESS. Altar Linen Artilieial Flowei'S lllankelMaklnf; Itrald and F.lastie Untton Faclorli-8 Carding and Fiililn^ Can et Miikhii; Corset MaiiiiiK Cotton .Mills Dressmaklnrr and Millinery Duck and Yarn Factory ICniliroldery Fancy (I'lo'ds Feathei' Factory Frln^'e and Tassel Furriers and llatlers (ilovcs and .Mills Ilorje Mla'ikels ami llapfs .. Hosiery Knittini; Lace Linen .Mill and limr Oiled Chilli and ClothliiK ... Paiutinirlhaml) Plume Maklntf HcL'alla Makmir Una Piitlerns Shuts. Collars and Ties ShiKldv .Mills Slk.M'ills Snsiiender .Making Tailorimr and Clotiiln^ Tlin^ad Makinu Uinhrella ami I'arasol Underwear Wadilinjr Weavinit WlKMakliiK Woollen Mills Wool Y'arii Census of 1801— Total .... Consul of 1B81— Total .... 0,265 3 (1 Hill It i 508 i 2,760 It 415 1 lUO 1,1142 1 21,100 12 3,"«K) 75,(K)(I :i s:i.ii,'.(i 117 111.10(1 KXI.IKK) 5 lllll.O.W -l.'i5 IM.IKMI 277,.5(H) 411 71ii..'2:) 7111 1.V.1I7S 1,(I47.2,5!I .,.'>i lliLVls !I15 l.V .734 .'i4s,lH!l 32 r.ii.si'w !155 210.177 8.-,ll„5(10 ».) 13,-20S.121 S..-|il2 2.1(12.0 3 8,151,724 7.11011 3,01 1.1110 17,l!i7 2,475,S(K1 ll,lll,;>Pi 1 17:i.i)iHi 133 4i',IHI0 21111,(100 1 lo,i;(i() 33 li ,I1(HI 15 ,(K0 47 l.i:l.('4ii 23 1 S3,0.',s 334,1-70 1 l.iKm 7 l,Sl;0 5,(100 2 12.50) .50 7.(i(,» 37,(«XI 1112 2,(147..'8 7,1.50 1,884,483 8,087,871 1 28.000 20 8,(J00 .33,(XI0 15,158 43,OM),14!) 71.847 15,547,720 07,172,034 20,208,835 44,337 7,716,826 40,763,843 Vnluo Wnffes. of Output. INDUSTRY. u i !i Capital. Wukcs ■^« ^S Om Ota r. V. Vulue of Output. u rXDUSTRY. Capital. ^3 Wajes. Valiifi of Ontput. TS, ETC. 2,4M .^.S?,") 4,1'.VJ 13,.')'I0 n,s7.') ii'i.son 111,410 2,3,180 74,1 17.') f.n,200 llfi.',42.S ,3,3(11,71.1 lo.HOO 2:i,.tU» ii7.),JJ.1 .1,;)U3,21.1 117, SiH 1,220,1|]5 *19,705 f7S,f!IV> niMKIi 477,.i22 l.'i.ti.'ll .'>li,SIXI (llW.lil.'i 3,101,27,') 1,213,1»2 3,712,402 $1,428,4811 J3,.'i«l,713 .5,iHl0 .14N,Klli l,410.Ki7 4.S.M0 ](W,II28 84,2,')l) 22,')00 I)2,IK)0 .17,1100 'l;)7,l.')() 4,.'V1.5,li74 2;7,8.'i0 47.S,270 4I1,7.')0 07,8(10 ULOCK) 3,.58O,li20 1,7,")2,1X).') ly,221,207 4,000,207 JESS. * .508 mo 3,'>00 ll),l(KI 114.000 1.'),^.078 1.')('.7.I4 210,177 2,1(12,0 3 2.17/i.K(Hi 4(i.(KI0 1' ,(HJII »3,0f,8 1,8U0 7,0(;o 7.H.1.VI 13."),387 21.000 131, IS7 :i.i2,'i:i4 7,322 (l.T ::i.7io (iH,7:i.') 2N,8ll.'i 4INI 10,IX 2.')(1 671.7.M I.IIKI 102..",(l ) l.i.S.'i) .'),7.'0,7(i8 11.010 27,170 21,023 23.IVIO 1H(',315 ]4,2.')2 1,884,483 8,000 8 2,750 1,042 7."i.(»XI 100.000 277,.')(K) l,047,2.'ill .■)4M,(il!l 8.'iO,.')(IO 8,l.'il,724 ll,lll,M(r 200,0(10 l.'i ,IM1 334,t'70 .'),(I00 37,0(Kl .'),fOI,fl41 717,732 1II.).0(.0 .'7.1.431 i,;i:)7,(i-'() ;)(',."i.i5 43.200 3I0.(I.'(1 01,370 1,0IK) 4N,(|00 l.-iOO 2,li4( 1,001 18,(K0 .i.''.''i,( 1(0 l():i,(>oo 23,01N„',S3 LSO.OIiJ 170,8(12 li."),030 20.i,7iiO 031, .1!K) 70,41,') 8,087,871 .13,(K10 ),647,72U «7,172,im ,716,22*1 40,7(13,848 MISCELLANEOUS. Aiticis' Miiterl,il8 Rcc lic«'pii7.eAli)mnniiiits (?l'llllli)i(l (iooiis Cliuvch Ducorations DiMitistcy KiMi-ry-wlieei Fiictoi'y.. . Faclot.' Co Fireworks (lypsuin Tocubntor Indian Wares .Mica Cuttiii),' Miseeilnoeou.i Xieltei I'iatiotr PlumbrtK" Mills Raliwiiy Supplies Re frijf orator Supplies. Sportiiit? Gooiis Stove Pniisli Toys Ventilators 3 240 4 73.'-. 1.370 38 .W.21.'-, (il 10.710 30.812 4 37.180 22 14.710 45.012 I .•i.K*) 2,(i2M n.i«io 1 20.000 14 3.(»J0 23.700 2 h.i.M 10 l.loil 24.(«)3 4 .■>.2H0 11 3.740 22,700 l.'vl 1K7.074 208 80,03H 344.2.50 •i li(..">o:i 27 11.400 3«.(00 1 K..-1O0 H .').o:>o 14,(100 1 7.0(K) 1.') 4.000 12.CI00 15 270.700 13'J 40.005 118,.Vi8 i; 3.7(K) 4 1.07-. 3.(li:0 2(^7 10.421 .'120 27.>'41 .511..501 1 7.'i(l 10 3,.>'<0 40.("io 13 l.'i.oos 31 7.20.5 10.120 1 (i(K) 1 300 :ioo 1 102.no .■>c 1K,(JOO .Vl.OlO 3 112.3(K) 113 30.!HIO li!.-.(«iO 10 22.77.') .>l 22.X40 .50.3 iO 20 40.0X0 l.W 23.0.io 70.284 1 2.200 7 l.O.Vl 2.000 2 1.72.1 3 l.:llHI 3.1(0 1 (iOO 1 .5(K) 8.50 487 038.204 1.4118 :'.18.4;13 i.ioo.in 2117 !«0.781 1.830 385..583 1.700,007 Censusof 1801— T'.tiii. Ceosusof 1881— Total. Slimming up the several groups of the foregoing reliable governmental returns, they show that in 1891 there were in the Dominion of Canada : — Xiidustriai Kstalilisliments 75.741 Employing' 374.104 ijcrsons Havloir.an lovesteii Capital «i51..520.2.50 DIatrll)utio;r tn Wn^e Earners lo(i.o,'Hi..5:i2 yearly I'rijilueiot,' .■\rtic'les whose total value was l(ii,18;),3.50 " V.'itli Capital investeil in Land 31,4.5.5,.3,58 With Capital iovesteil in Huii'lini.'8 (!0,325,.')83 With <;apltai inv(!Sted in Maehinory and Tools 81,,173„S.17 With Capital other than lixed 181.371,081 These returns have been criticized. They have therefore been the more closely scrutinized in the Statistical Department. The following sets forth the satisfactory increase in each department of manufacture as between 1881 and 1801 and should favorably impress. ARMS AND AMMUNITION. IHOl 51 ? 1,107.011 180,0.5(1 405 140 * 175..394 02,8-17 * 1 105 ')()5 1881 41 .1(«1.7.55 Increase.. 13 017,301 .140 112,447 795.4.50 ROOKS AND STATIONERY. 1801 1881 723 480 flO,.540,431 5,010,810 9.90(1 (1,075 ( 3,875,.t43 2,2,;fi,055 i»10,fl,>i3,487 0.992,830 Increase.. 234 4,020,021 2,931 1,019,488 3,.5(iO.(i.57 CARRIAGES. 1801 1881 . . 3,384 3,108 fl0,018,28,5 5,443,803 14,402 11,9,10 % 5,.1(19,9t0 3..5M,327 n9.711,.581 10..588,RI7 Increase. 210 6,,574,392 2,.523 1,780,(119 9.122.7.14 CHEMICALS. 1801 1881 733 3.50 i 4,1.18,1,57 1.385,810 2,805 981 » 981,028 32|-,193 1 5,.505,419 2,1.52,771 Increase . . 383 2,752,.138 1,914 057,1.15 3.052,018 DRINKS AND STIMULANTS. 1891 1881 709 .538 #27,430,074 10,230,321 10,9.18 7,291 « 3,(142,242 2,051,832 #33,729,820 20,978,,HXi Increase. 231 17,193,7.5:1 3,lU4 1,587,410 12,7.51 ,.520 FIBROUS MATERIAL 1891 1881 S48 «0 % S.«S,5„12.5 flfl2,.M0 2'9«1 l,88.11.3.10..570 34.(122 2..5(18.12!l .1,170 1,108,801 15,.524,M8 ? 3.40(1.330 $25,K(H.;i05 022.141 0.8>,l(l.O(i5 Increase. 8,771.M1 31,446 2,784,198 18,974,240 FURNITURE, HOUSES AND BUILDINGS. 1891 1881 Increase. 3,738 J18.212.155 19.183 >< 0.514.7.50 f25,0O9.,1fll I.OO.T 7..5il4,!l08 12,«o9 3.423.15(1 13.775.315 10.707.247 0,;174 3,091,000 11,231,026 GOLD AND .SILVER. 1891. 1881. Increase. .. iliil 3.59 # 2,087.131 1.923 J 780..1.12 # 3.090.501 (1(18.010 948 :KI4,9.|2 1.175..591 2,318„515 975 475,390 1,014,910 LEATHER, BOOTS AND SHOFCS. 1801 . 1881. 7.773 0,813 *18,801..'i85 25.0!I0 i 7.574.770 .-.15.103.982 11,321,034 27,.513 O,722,7.'10 :Ki,.505,27a LIGHTING. 1801 . 1881. 225 >21.32l.211 3.«12 « 1,203,105 #7,475,821 10." T.^il.lW 2.100 011,709 5,813,l!lH Increase. 13,4.50.177 1.723 081,.19fl 1,032,20,5 MACHINERY, TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS. 1801 12,1111 18S1 10,440 .455,1184.129 10.422 *17.815.445 !(12,016.17« 27.109.0.13 .■17.274 11.007.787 :)0,0.'>l,109 Increase... 1,19.5 28,.515,080 12.148 0.747,0.58 2.5,302,009 MATTERS-ANIMAL. 1801 . 1881. locreai-e. . . 2.50 8 1.0.10.737 1.510 102 1.440,423 1..5.52 I 521.8.10 « 3,.179,3S1 .198.012 2,!10.),274 125,924 475,107 MATTERS- VEGETABLE. 1801 14,745 1881 11.102 ■r 78 .380,0.50 N3.220 #21,,174,lHll #tll..'48,742 31,237.4311 00,3.51 11,0.80,200 .53..524,81S Increase 3,043 44,142,011 22.875 0,384,8(11 ,11,023,929 MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS. 18ill. 1881. 18 10 ( 47,.555 81 .!K¥I .52 74 # 19,410 23,180 ( 74,975 (10,200 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. 1891. 1881. ? 2.38,i'!t;!,H28. The population of the States The most important deep-sea lisherv gn.unds on the last year was (ii>,l80,.>10. The i)roportioii per head ^\tlantic are off the coasts of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick then was, foreign imports ^\2.-2i and exjjorts !?i;).o2. .^^^^ ^,^,.^^^^ Edward Islands: around the Magdalen The imi)orts into Canada in 18110 were 8iLM,8i)H,L.ll and i,,|.,„,,^ t,,,^, i^.^i^^ jjes Chaleurs, the Island of Anticosti the exports 3',)(l,74'J.l l!l. The population was close .^^^^j ^^^^ Labrador Coast. upon live millions. This gives 82 t.;i7 of foreign imports ' i^et„.^.e„ the years ISC'.i and I8',):i the principal per head for Canada, and SIO.:};') exports per head, commercial fisheries vielded as follows. The foreign trade of the States in I8;i0 was a total per head of $2r).7(i and that of Canada !?-l.'J.72 per head. h° rrinV '*'to'ill'o52 Thus the fact is jn-oved that Canada in IS'.tQ did a for- hohlt^^va ............... ...... I'i'.lTsliVTO eign trade of S17.!)(; in excess per head of thatdone by Murkcrel ..... . ................ .. ;'..")!'Jlii.5(>7 the United states. Taking a " balance of trade" view .Siilmon !il,77.s,(;35 of these statistics we get this result, that each American Hmhlock ii,7oo,«?'2 bought SI. 28 less foreign merchandise than he sold, The commercial value of the fisheries was nearly and each Canadian bought ?5.02 more of such goods §21,000,000 in 18',);5 an iiKirease of §1,710,100 on the than he sold. If then by placing Canada under the yield of 18112. This does not include the value prob- sarae fiscal condi.ions as those of the fnited States our al)ly amounting to two millions, of the large quantity foreign trade would be assimilated to that of the States, of salmon and other tish consumed by th(> Indians of as must happen, the total imports of Canada would be British Columbia. Manitoba and the \orth West Terri- reduced StlO,i;r)0,0(K) and the exports 82:1, U»!l,(X)0, mrk- tories. ing a total drop in the volume of our foreign trade of Engaged in the lisliing industry of (^anada there are $8'.t,7r)'.t,000. Of course there would be a very large nearly (i8,0tH.T men using vessels. l)oats, nets, and other increase in our trade with the States, but that it woukl gear valued at ?r8.781,r),')7. recoup us for such a decrease is not probable. Taking In order to insure the developnumt of this industry, the trade done with Great Britian by the Dominion the Government of Canada enforces efficient measures alone into account, the assimilation f)f our foreign trade of protection. to that of the States would result in our ini))orts from These consist of laws and regulations carried out England falling from 18 millions down to 15 millions (1) by a large staff of ollieers stationed at every place and our exports sinking from IH millions down to .'!') where tishing is carried on : (2i by arnii'd cruisers, em- millions, making a total reduction in our trade with ployed on the Atlantic coast and an the great Lake; (Jreat Britain of 41 millions of dollars. How far such ('.Vi by the establishment of close seasons intended to a revoluion in our trade relations could be effected protect the tish at the most critical ])eriod of their ex- without paralyzing the general trade of this country istencc — the spawning season : — (4j by a system of we need not say; the tigures are a demonstration that leases and licences, through which tlie (iovernment is an enormous disturbance would ensue, from the effects enabled to regulate tishing in accordaiiee with local re- of which it would take a generation to recover, if re- (piirements ; ('>) by lish breeding estal)lishments, four- covery were possible. teen hatcheries heingnowestahlisliedin various sections To bring our foreign trade per head down to the of the country ; (0) by a fishing bounty of about §1(10- same level as the proportion per head of that of the 000, a year (7) by prizes awarded for the best models States, it would be required for Canada to have a pop- of fishing vessels with a view to encourage a superior ulation of over 8 millions, without any increase in that and safe classof deep-sea fishing schooners ; (8) by Fish- trade, ing Intelligence Bureaus inaugurated in 1889, by means When looked at in these aspects there does not ap- of which the movements of bait and of fish can be daily pear to be anything so humiliating or discouraging in ascertained and reported by telegraph communication, in our foreign trade as some try to show. at the principal stations. Fift'J 1893. For land tis| and twc officers, tain pe| spawnir The I with th^ 30th, 11: Heads of I tures with ji ted to glance NOWNED extensive in ncnse extent sand a great sh Columbia le coast line rn sea-coast J^ova Scotia, and Quebec f Belle Isle, it including ,000 square resh water g to Canada Dba and the cts of water untis on the ■ Brunswick Magdalen )f Anticosti i principal ',-117 ,ory2 .;i7() ,51 >7 ,ii35 ,882 ras nearly too on the alue prob- ? (luantity Indians of 'est Tcrri- there are and other 1 industry, measures irried out cry place liscrs, em- it Lakes ; tended to their ex- i,\stcm of •nment is 1 local re- nts, four- is sections out $u;o- it models superior ) by Fish- by means I be daily mication, THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 37 Fifty live of these bureaux were in operation in 1893. For the purpose of protecting the seacoast and in- land fisheries, the Government employs six steamers and two fast sailing schooners and about 400 permanent officers, and 200 temporary guardians engaged at cer- tain periods of the year, chiefly when the fish are spawning. The expenditure by the Government in connection with the fisheries, during the fiscal year ended .lune 30th, 18'.).'i with four previous years, is given l)elow : — Heads of Expenditure. lH«i. !«'.«•. IWU. ik!)2. isiis. Fishery OITicci-s $ Ki.fiRl S ii.'i.K7.i * 7i.:i(«; .^"2,121 js 7i.:il.-i Fish Breeding' 41.;il.') :l:Mi7 3tM!«i ui.'.iok .17.:t'J Flsliories I'roteftlon Service ii!i,iW4 1>I,I3.'> M.(i.'iii Ii:i,3n7 H)«,s:i,i Fishery Bountv llli.iiitl WKn*> w;mih Ihii.Ki-i \r<'.ij.r> Miscelliiiieoua ■ Ki.iiia '.1,314 13,3»3 17.1411 •liHMiiia Total Sififi'M 328,74il 374,2(12 383,822 486,7iK> ' Amoiis Miscellaneous were the followlnff items .— Columhian F.-xposition, ri;,iJ.i2 : Behrlns Sea, tT4,02t) ; Collection of data resiiectlnfc' fur seals, il,l(37. The modus vivendi clause of the Draft Treaty of 1888 has been deemed to be in force since March, 1889. Under it, the Dominion Government have granted American fishing vessels licenses to fish in Canadian waters under certain restrictions. In 1889, 78 licenses were granted, the charge being $9,589; in 1890, 119, costing §14,461 ; in 1891, 98, costing $11,098; in 1892, 108, costing 813,410, and in 1893, 71, costing §9,131. A lobster hatchery was established at Bayview, Pictou County, N. S., in 1891. The report of the officer in charge for 1893 states that during the season 153,600,000 young lobsters were distributed along the coast, from the Straits of Canso, and in Prince Edward Island. About 80,000,000 of lobsters were captured during the season of 1893 to fill the 13,674,713 cans and 7,347 tons were shipped alive or fresh. In addition to the lobster.hatchery, 12 fish hatch- eries were in active operation during 1893. From these there were distrilrated 104,714,000 fry of salmon, trout, whitefish and salmon-trout. These were planted in many of the rivers and lakes in the Atlantic provinces, in the great lakes of Ontario and in the waters of British (yohiinbia. The work of establishing and restocking oyster beds at Shediae, X. H., and Tracadie, X. S., has been under- taken by the (iovernmcnt and jilaced under the super- intendence of an expert from F.ngland. Preliminary vvork was done in 1892. In 189:1 several hundred barrels of oysters were planted. The lish'cries of lliuLson's Bay are considerable, but they are not inoludcd in the statements of the l)ci)art- ment of Marine and Fisheries. The tisheries of the lakes are the most extensive lake lishories of the world. In these waters are found the whitelish, sjilmon-trout, herring, sturgeon, bass, pickerel, &ii. The latest stiitisties i)uliiished by the Deiiartmeiit of Marine and Fisheries show that 7(1 tugs and schooners and 1,012 boats, maimed liy 2,629 men, were emi)loyed on the great lakes during the season of 1893; 1,718- 726 fathoms of gill-nets, and 19,995 fathoms of seines, 340, pound-nets and 200 hoop-nets were used, the whole representing an invested capital of over 8660,000 This amount does not include liif value of freezers. ie<' houses, lish cans, piers and wharfs. 'i"he value of lish caught was nearly $1. 700,000. The total quantity of fish caught during 11 years, 1883 to 1892, amounts to 265,500,000 pounds, valued at §16,000,000. The principal kinds of fish caught in the period named were: Hoi-rinR nO,000,0(X) pounds. WhitfHsh .">8,0(W,i)00 .Salmon-trout 6ii,0(Kl,(KX) The returns for 1885 and 1889 have been compared with the census returns of the United States, with the following results: — YIELD AND VALUE OF FISH CAUCHT IN THE GREAT LAKES-SUPERIOR, HURON. AND ST. CLAIR. ERIE AND 0NT.\RIO. Canada. U. States. Canada. U. States. Ijhs. lAm. 1.1)8. L,l>8. Whitelish 3.7(io,li)n iMiiil.olH il.814,!ii)7 !»,«I2,.M7 Trout .'5,288,204 il.l.'i.i.SIl? ,'),ll,'«l,ll!l.'i ,'>,l>21,273 Horrlntf ll,aT3,40() 22,.').')»i.2a') 11,47S,,')(13 44,(1!)2,3.')4 Slu,-Keon l,42(i,085 .').740,iW4 818,1127 2.18(>,372 Pickerel and mke 1,827,874 2,413.7!K) 17,ni4.3ia All other Fish 2,620,970 32,20!»,414 2,«12..')«7 11,7,W,785 Total 20,883,233 70,323,048 27,1«8,35» »l,07.i,624 Then 103,206,281 pounds (51,603 tons) of fish were taken out of these lakes in 1885 and 120,274,983 pounds (60,137 tons) four years later. The value for 1885 was : Canadian take $1,242,529 United States take 1,818,078 The value for 1889 was: Canadian take .?l,alti,4ti2 United States take 1,827,24a The number of fishermen &c. engaged was: Canadian 1885 2,415 United States 1885 (i.OKi Canadian 1889 -2,725 United States 1889 l.HiW In 1885 the Canadian fish had a value of §92.43 per ton and the American §47.50. In 1889 the Canadian fish had a value of §124.20 per ton and tiie American §40.52. The 2,415 Canadian fisherman averaged §514 [ler head in 1885 and the Americans §260. In 1889 the Canadian received §667 and the American §380. There ap])ears to be a difference in favor of the American side in quantity of fish taken, and in Favok UK THE Canadian Side in (^uauty. The Fisheries of our western Province of British CoLtMUIA ARE PROHABI.V THE KlCH&ST IN THE WoRI.D. They have been developing rapidly of late years. In 1876 the value of the catch was given at §104,667 in 1880 it was §713.335, in 1H85 §1,078,038, in 1890 §3,481,432 and in 1893 §4,447,083. During eleven years 1883-93 the value of the Salmon caught was §18,934.783. Tlie eatcli of 18',I3 was the greatest in value of any yciir the vjilue l)eing §3, !,')(), iioo and the average value of the previous ten years ^1,578,417, 38 THE RESOURCES AND RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF Tliu (ish cauylit include Sturf,'-eon, Halibut, Herring, Onlaclious, Trout, Codtisli, Slvill and Tou^jua. This is further evidence of tlH- marvellous prof^ress of Canada. fiider an Act passed in 1882 to encourajre sea-fish- ing and the huikliiig of fisliing vessels provision was made for tlie distriliutioii of 8ir.0,()UU annually among lishcrmen and vessels. I'Voni 187;i to IH'.i.'i Micro have heen distril)ated l,UC)0,7(;;i,7(H) Krv from the hatcheries to our several Provinces as follows: — Oiitai-io Sf7,nfiJi,'2(j0 Quchcfi 7"),755,(UI-li ColiiiiilHn .ll,ii7'J,8iK) Prince Kdwiird Island (i.llo.iAX) In addition to the 847,!)!t2,200 fry distributed from the hatcheries in Ontario, there are largo numbers of semi-hatched ova of various kinds annually transferred from the Newcastle establishment to the Kastern Prov- ince Hateherics, as well as a large quantity of eyed eggs from the Sandwich nursery to other hatcheries. The Selkirk Hatchery in Manitoba laid down many millions of whitelish eggs the past autumn. The I'eport of the (iei)artment for 18J3 contains a pa])er on "A JIarinc Scientific Station for Canada." In this i)ai)er Professor Prince, Commissioner of Fislicrics, advocates the establishment of an institution devoted to the accurate investigation of fishery problems, the elucidation and final settlement of perplexing questions which liavc ballled ])ractical men, the collection of exact observations on the food, habits and life-history of fishes, and the accumulation, in this Avay, of useful scientific knowledge, in order to promote the prosperity of our coast and inland fisheries. Such a station would do much to place in the possession of the department information on the comparative efficiency, destructivc- ness and wastefulness of the various methods of fishing. The investigation of the re.>iiurccs of the various areas along the lengthy coast of the Dominion, the thorough examination of extensive regions of the sea-l)ottoni and the determination of tislies and special products peculiar to these various regions, are calculated to put into the fisherman's hands precisely tlie information which will bo most valuable to him. The introduction of the European sole is one of the first experiments which would suggest itself. No doubt, many sandy areas on the coast of Canada arc^ well adapted for the experi- ment, and the ICnglish sole is now one of the most valuable of good lislies. There is every ])rol)ability that the thorough and systematic investigation of the fauna of our Atlantic coast, carried on from such a marine station, would lead to the discovery of fishes of economic value at present existing in our watcM's, though unrecognized and unapi)reeialed. Methods of i)reserving and transporting fish, im- proved means of drying, salting, canning aiul refriger- ation could be thoroughly tested. The sealing fleet of Canada pursued its avocation at a disadvantage during tlie season of 1893, in conse- (luence of the continued closure of Behring Sea on the Anu'rican side, pending the result of arbitration. The total catch amounted to 70,01)2 seals, of which number 28,801) were caught off the British Columliian coast, 211,270 off the Japan coast and 12,013 on the Hussian side of Behring Sea. The lleet consisted of 55 vessels of 381,200 tons, manned by 847 whites and 432 Indians. The complement of Itoats accompanying the vessels numbered 250, atid of canoes, 204. The value of the catch is given at 8874,842, an increase over that of the catch of 18112 of 241,723. The progress of tliis industry has been grailual but steady. I'lior to 1878, very few' seals were killed by Canadian sealers. Hunting was not then carried on farther out than 20 miles from the shore. In 1883 the number of seals killed by Canadians was l),ll)5. The total reported catch of fur-seals in the season of 18It3, from all sources in the North Pacific Ocean, was 142,112, divided as follows: Total British Columbia catoh 70,092 Total catch of American vessels landed at San Fianciso and Piiget Sound 00.221 Total catch of American vessels landed at Hakodate, .Japan 21,799 Grand total 142,112 The Canadian catch was, therefore, nearly one-half of the whole. CANADIAN OILS. The official report of the Ontario Bureau of Mines states that the shipments of crude and refined petroleum from the Petrolia and Oil Springs Canadian Oil fields for the year ending October 31, was 1,045,000 barrels, counted in the equivalent of crude ; but the production of the year was 72,000 barrels less. The yield of the Petrolia field was 795,131 barrels, and of the Oil Spring field 177,869 barrels, or 34,055,000 imperial gallons, valued in the crude at $1,099,868. Returns from the refineries are only complete for 21,160,170 gallons ; but with the data which these afford it is possible to make a very close estimate of the production of all the refin- eries. The average of illuminating oil in the crude was 39.12 per cent., at which rate the total of the dis- tilled oil would be 13,322,320 gallons, valued at $1,- 372,209. The yield of lubricating oils was 12.45 per cent, of the crude, giving a total 4,239,847 gallons, valued at S277,,")00. All other products, except paraffin, made up 28.14 per cent, of the crude, or a total of 11,- 220,705 gallons, valued at §323,156. The paraffin wax product is computed to be 2,250,000 pounds, valued at 6143,325. Besides the above part of the crude was utalized for fuel, the value of which is computed to be 872,500. The aggregate value of the industry was therefore .?2,1 77,690, and it gave employment in the redneries to 515 men, whose wage earnings are com- puted a 8320,000. The number of men employed in other departments has not been ascertained, but the total number emploved by the industry is not less than 1,500. See Ad A way o THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 89 avocation at , in conse- Sea on tlie •iition. The icli number iil)ian coast, tile Russian 55 vcsHcIs tS2 Indians, tlic vessels '874,842, an 1,723. Tile l)Ut steady. Canadian fartlior out number of lie season of Ocean, was i),092 J,22l 1,799 i,U2 ■ly one-half u of Mines 1 petroleum Oil fields >00 barrels, production ield of the ! Oil Spring al gallons, 8 from the illons; but e to make I the refin- the crude of the dia- led at $1 . 12.45 per 7 gallons, H paraffin, tal of 11,- raOi?) wax valued at 3rude was ted to be istry was nt in the are com- ployed in , but the less than See Advertisement Folio 32. The Canadian Pacific Railway. A railway from the Atlantic to the I'acilic, all the way on British soil, was lonf; the dream of a few in Canada. This dream of the few became, in time, the hope of the many, and on the confederation of the British North An.firiean provinces, in 1807, its realiza- tion was found to be a political necessity. Then the Government of the new Dominion of Canada set about the building of tlie Canadian I'acilic Hallway, a work of such vast proportions that the richest empire of Europe might well have hesitated before entering upon it. The Railway surveys for a distance of 3,000 miles had first to be made. These consumed much time and money, people became impatient and found fault. There were differences of opinion and these questions became questions of domestic politics and it was not until 1875 that the work of construction commenced in earnest. But the machinery of Government is ill adapted to the carrying on of such an enterprise. Government changed and delays occurred, until finally in 1880, it was decided almost by common consent to surrender the work to a private Company. The Company set about its task most vigorously and while the engineers were exploring the more dillieult and less known section from the Ottawa River to and around Lake Superior and marking out a line for the navvies, work was commenced at Winnipeg and pushed westward across the prairies wliere one liundred and thirty miles of the railway were completed before the end of the first year. During the second year the rails advanced four hundred and fifty miles. The end of the third year found them at the summit of the Rocky Mountains, and the fourth in the Sclkirks, nearly one thousand and fifty miles from Winnipeg. While such rapid progress was being made west of Winnipeg, the rails advancing at an average rate of more than three miles each working day for months in succession, and sometimes live and even six miles a day, armies of men with all modern api)liances, and thousands of tons of dynamite, were breaking down the barriers of hard and tougl; Laurentianand lluronian rocks, and pushing the line through the forests north and east of Lake Superior with such energy that ICastern Canada and the Canadian North-West were united by a continuous railway early in 188.'i. Tlie close of 1885 found the Company, not yet live years old, in possession of no less than 4,315 miles of railway, including the LoxoKsr toNTixirous line i.v the woHi.n extending from (i)uebcc to Montreal all the way across the continent to the I'acilic Ocean, a distance of three thousand and lifty miles, and by the midsum- mer of 188(i all this vast system was fully equipped and working throughout. Milages, towns and even cities followed close upon the heels of the line ))uilders; tiie forests were cleared away, the prairie's soil was turned over, mines were opened, and, even before the last rail was in place, the completed sections were carrying a large and ])rotitable traflic. The touch of this young giant of the nortli was felt upon the world's commerce almost before his exis- tence was known, and not content with tlie trade of the golden shores of the I'acilic from California to Alaska hia arms reached out cross tliat broad ocean and grasped the teas and silks of China and Japan to exchange them for the fabrics of Europe and America and also the products of the Sister Colonics — to exchange for the world renowned manufactures and products of our prosperous Dominion. And now the Company's lines embrace six thousand miles of railway and spread out toward;^ the West like the fingers of a gigantic hand. a".d the question, "Will it pay?" is answered with earnings for the past year of twenty million dollars and profits of more than eight and a half millions. Canada's iron oirdi-k has given a magnetic im- inri.sE TO HER fields, her mines axp HEr. mani;fa(torie.s AND THE MODEST CoLONV OK VKSTEHDAY, IS TO-DAV, AN E.NEROETIC NATION WITH GREAT I'LANS, AND IKU'ES, AND ASPIRATIONS and is another e\ idexce of the marked cntcrprizc, wliich characterizes tlie Canadian people. Allow me now to direct your attention in a brief manner to our Canadian-Australian Steamship Line, the new route to Australia, via Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands and Suva Fiji, in connection with our Canadian Pacific Railway. The recent establishment of the Canadian-Australian Line,thenew route to Australia wliich, is rapidly revolu- tionizing the traflic of three continents, and which has opened a shorter, cheaper and in every way more ad- vantageoushighway to the Southern Hemisphere. Tra- vcrsingthcDominionofCanada, passing over the illimit- able prairies of its fertile northwest, crossing the mighty Rockies and the Titanic mountain ranges beyond, sailing down the placid Pacific, and touching at the Hawaiian Islands — the paradise of sub-tropical seas — and historic Fiji, there is a never-ending change of scene and surroundings, and an entire absence of the discomforts and inconveniences which previously made a voyage to the Antipodes an unpleasant undertaking. With these, too, is an unsurpassed excellence in the equipment of the transportation lines utilized, whether by land or water, that materially enhances the enjoy- ment of the trip. ACROSS CANADA. The best and quickest route to the Pacific Ocean from the eastern portion of the American Continent is by the Canadian I'acilic Railway to Vancouver. The traveller from Europe leaving Liverpool or Southampton is landed at (v)uebcc or Halifax, from either of which cities it is a comparatively short run to Montreal, where in a sense, the transcontinental journey actually liegins. Passengers via New York may, however, visit the great cataract of Niagara, and, at our (^lueen City, Toronto, connect with tlie transcontinental train. In either case a glimpse is had of the well-settled eastern prov- inces of the Dominion, and after rounding the north shore of Lake Sujierior, or sailing up the Great Lakes to Fort William in summer, tlie famed Red River Valley of Manitoba is reached. At Winnipeg a brief halt can bt; in-olitably made to see this bustling, go-ahead western metropolis, which a few years ago was but a mere fur-trading outpost of the Hudson's Bay Company. The journey is eontinucd four hundred miles tlirougli immense wheat fields to Moosejaw, tho point of junction with the Soo-Pacitic road running from the American cities of St. Paul and Minneapolis, and then on across the great buffalo plains of the west, five hundred miles to Calgary, in the foot-hills of tho Rockies, and to Banff, on their eastern slope — the great Canadian National Park — where nature has created a to THE RESOURCES AND RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF wonderful sanitarium. For another five hundred miles, the route lies throufjh scenes of matehles.-i j^rand- eur — the sublimity of the entrancinf,' surrounding's beinf; accentuated by the sudden and wide contrast between the level verdure-clad prairies and tiie tumultuous masses of broken and serrated rocks whose summits pierce the clouds — to Vancouver, the western terminus of the Canadian Pacilic Railway, from whose port the maffniticent White Em])ress steamships of the Company cross the ocean to China and , Japan. \'an- couver, althoujjh of but yesterday's birth, is a hand- somely built city with excellent hotels (chief amonfj which is the Hotel N'ancouver), and with numy attrac- tive jjoints of interest in and around it. Steamer is tak(!n here, or at \'ictoria (a few hour's sail across the (iulf of (ieor{,''iaj, which is also a city that will deli};ht and charm the visitor. OX THE I'ACn-'IC. The continent traversed, the next stage of the journey begins— a week to Honolulu and three weeks to Sydney, in Australia. The sister steamships AVar- rimoo and Jliowera are models of modern marine architecture, and were especially constructed on a plan designed for the service of these waters. They have a length of 360 feet and 42-foot beam, with a registered tonnage of ;i400 tons and 4500 horse-power, giving a speed of seventeen knots per hour. They are elabor- ately and luxuriantly furnished ; the staterooms are spacious and fitted with every convenience, and there is an ample number of marble baths throughout the vessels. In every way the comfort of the passengers hass been carefully considered. The Arawa — tempor- arily employed on this service — is another magnificent steamship of over 5000 tons burden, with a length of 420 feet and 48-foot beam, and 5000 horse-power. The saloons, like those of the Warrimoo and Miowera, are beautifully fitted and superbly furnislied, and the state- rooms are airy and comfortabe. All three are lighted by electricity. One of these steamers leaves Vancouver once a month — on the morning of the 16th, and Victoria the same day (passengers from the east should arrive at Vancouver the previous day) for Honululu, H. I., Suva, Fiji, and Sydney, Australia, in reaching which the most temperate and pleasant part of the Pacific Ocean is traversed. The objection hithertoo raised of a long voyage and inferior steamers has now been removed by the estab- lishment of this new Canadian-Australian line with its call at Honolulu and Suva. -0 We direct attention to the inside front cover of this pamphlet wholly occupied by an illustration of the handsome and complete offices of Messrs. HIRAM WALKER & SONS Limited, Distillers and Bottlers in Bond and proprietors of the well-known brand of whisky "Canadian Club." This establishment is one of the representative in- stitutions of Canada and there arc but few enterprizcs in the Dominion so generally known throughout the world, owing to the fact that their product has of recent years been introduced into almost every civilized country on the globe. Tlie export trade of this concern is the development of (miy a few years, and has been almost a phenomenal success. In the year 1884 the firm shipped out of Canada only 87 cases and up to the end of 1888 only a few hundretl cases per annum at most, in response to sjiontaneous inciuiries which finally become so frequent as U) suggest to the .Messrs Walker the possibilities of the foreign markets, and they then began to cultivate them in an experimental way : giving to the subject greater attention as time went on. Among other things they established offices in Loiulon, New York and Chicago and sent out sjiecial representatives to the principal countries. In numer- ous ways they have also expended very large sums of money in advertising with the result that today it is difficult to say where their whisky cannot l>e found. In -Vustralasia the brand has been well known for some years through Messrs. Harrold Bros, of Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney, the agents for South Australia, Victoria and Xew South Wales, Messrs. S. Hoffnung & Co, of Brisbane, agents for (j)ueensland, and Messrs. Brown, Campbell i>c Co, of Auckland, Xeill i\: Co, limited, of Dunedin, and .1. If. Cock it Co, of Nelson, agents for Xew Zealand. In September last the Messrs. Walker took possess- ion of a new and magnificent office building which is pronounced by many people of extensive Information to be the finest and most perfectly equipped occupied by any private institution in the world. On the inside of the front cover of this pamphlet we give a half tone Illustration from photograph of the north front of this commodious and beautiful building. Messrs. Hiram Walker & Sons, Limited, have of late received several important Awards for '' Canadian Club " whisky notably at Antwerp where they were given the Diploma of Honor which though unusual outranked the Cold Medal. RAILWAYS OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA In 1850 there were 71 miles of railway in operation in all Canada which increased to 1,087 miles in 1860, and to 2,2o8 miles in 1867, when the provinces were united. In the next ten years there was an increase of 3,316 in the mileage. In 1888 there were 12,162 miles in operation and in 1893 the miles of railway in operation had increased to 15,020. Thus since the Confederation of the Provinces (1867) there has been an increase of 12,762 miles of railway in operation. In 1868 the paid up capital amounted to §160,471,- 190, and in 1893 to .S872,15(i,476. Canada has 127 railways, twenty-four of them have been amalgamated and form the (irand Trunk system. The consolidation of 21 others has produced the Canadian Pacific Railway System. The remaining 82 are separate organizations. The mileage (track laid) of these several organiza- tions is. Ciiimilinn I'rtcltle .'),TH4,7(| Gniiid Trunk 3,liW..'Ki IiiteiTdlonliU l.SKl.tiii Otiiiir Uiillways 4,!i(!.'>.17 Electric Knllway (one) n.sf, Bridges and TunneU o.oo ToUl IS.SlD.iW Trail that the 156,475, passengt freight, their re 616,033, 70 per c The per mill dom, an than in the folio opment omenal out of only a 3nse to •cquent ities of iltivate subject THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 4t Traffic returns of Railways of Canada 18i»3 show that they had ir),020 miles in ojieration, with ^8~-2,- 15(5,475, Capital paid up, that they carried i:),(')18,()l'7 passengers, that they handled 22,0();i,rv.li) tons of freight, that their train Wiileage was 1 l,:«5,'.i5;i, that their receipts were 852,042,:r.)7, their expenses $:H},- 61('>,033, and the proportion of expenses to receipts was 70 per cent. The receii)ts per train mile in Canada were $1.17 per mile, heing lower than those of the Inited King- dom, and some of the Australasian Colonies, but higlu'r than in the principal European countries, as shown by the following table. (iHosS HKCK.Il'TS OF KAIhWAYS l'KH THAIX .MIl.K. Xcw /i'hI.iimI .l.Kl Kussiii . f\lJ XcH- Snlltll Wllli-S... 1.7J n;ilv Sl.iic lini'<<) l.iil Simth AiiKlralia . 1 ..i( KraiK'c 1.1:' Uiilti'd KliiKilimi 1.3;) Wisirih .\ii.»lralia... Its Vlc'tciriii 1.31 1.17 Tasmania .111 Canada (MTiiianv .«.'■ (jtii-i'ii^lanil 1.1:-. Hi'l(.'iniii .i;" Austria Hiin).Mi.v — l.L'l The average amount received per ton of freight carried in Canada was 81.50 being lower than in the Australasian Colonies, Russia, Rouinaiiia, Italy and France, but higher than in the other countries named below. AVERAGE AMOUNT HKCKIVKI) I'KU Tux UK KKICK.IIT CAKKIKn. Qucoiialand t'li.iw South Australia i.m Russia n.mi New Soulli Wales a.iHi Roumania l.'ii) Italy 1.H2 Vletoria !.(» New Zealaiid._ l.m; France l.iia Tasmania 134 Canada — Austria Ilun);! DcMUiiark t?ary . Switxerland Xtjrwny Germany Holland United Kingdom. Uclh'uim tl.60 l.l« 1.11 1.11 .Hi .79 .75 .87 .65 The greater distances to be travelled no doubt ac- count for the average amount being higher in the colonies than in Canada the United Kingdom and European Countries. The receipts per mile are consequently less in Canada than in most of the countries named but are higher than in the Australasian Colonies with the ex- ception of Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales. In comparing the receipts of Canada and Australasia with other countries the large area in most cases to be covered must be taken into account. The receipts by Provinces in (,'anada if they could be obtained would be the more correct figures to compare with the receipts of the several Australasian Colonies. TOXS OF FUKIGllT CAHKIICI) I'EK HEAD OK I'orii. AlInN IX CAXADA AXn THE COLONIES. Canada ■•-• Vletiina :i.h Suutli Australia 3.7 Xew S.iutli Wales 3.3 Xew /Ccniand 3.3 Qui'cnsiand !!.n Weslern Australia l.N Tasmania 1.1 RAILWAYS IX HK1TISI1 1'OSSKSSIoNS. Cim»try. }Wen of Itniltcny. United K Injrdum '.'11.32.1 India i:.7(W Canad a I B.320 Ansi ralasla (T'lta 1 1 12.317 New Siiulli Wales a.L'iiS New Zealand 2.(1.10 Cajie of Good Ho|h' Vietorla Queensland South Australia Western 'lUStralia. Tasmania Natal Ceylon Jamaica Mauritius Newfoundland Trinidad Barbndues BrUish Guiana Malta :'.!«I3 L'.3.')3 1,1)114 (Wl 47.1 Sim nil 101 »i 843 54 SS 11 6 Canada, it will be seen, has 2,07:» miles uf railway more than all the Australasian Colonii-s combined, and 5,l.s.l miles more than llie contiiieiii of .\ustralia. I'ANAl.S OF ■j'HI-: DOMIMdN oK (AN.\1).\. The system of inland navigation in Canada is the largest and most im])oriaiit in llie world. The St. Lawrence system alone, in coiijuiietioii with the great lakes, extends for :.'.'_'(J0 miles, viz: fnnii the .Straits of Hellc Isle to Port .\itliur, at tlu; head of Pake Su]ierior. Of this distance 71^' miles an- artitieial navigation, by means of canals, and JIHS' miles oiien navigation. From Port .\rthur to Kulutli, which is the iirineipal port in that section of the Inited States for the pro- duce of the We.itern States, is a further distanec of \1A miles, making altogether -,3 18 miles. When it is considered that by this :iicaiis iinlii-nken water coiiimiinication is affordeil from Port .\rthtir ;ind Dulutli to Pivei-pool a total distance of l,r.8l miles, the iniliortanee of this system, and the necessity of its thorough maintenance will be at once iiiulerstood. The great lakes which form one of the most remark- able features of this system of inland navigation, fox- TAIN MUltE THAN IIALK TIIK KliESII WATER oK Till: liLOIlE, and consist of Lakes Sujierior, Huron, St. Clair. Krie and Ontario. Their length and breadth are as follows: Lfuijth Breiitfth Superior xm itio Huron 4uo luo St. Clair « ih Eric ini) tlu Ontario IM jj In addition to those mentioned, there are the Wel- land, from Port Colboriie in Lake Krie to Port Dalhousie in Lake Ontario, iO-j miles in length ; the (jalops, 7§ miles; the Wapido Flat, 4 miles in length; Farron's Point, i| of a mile long; the Cornwall, 11.', miles in length; the Meauharnois, 111 miles in length; the Lachine, 8J, miles in length, and the Soulanges (now being built to rei)lace the Peauharnois), which will lie 14 miles in length. The difference in level between Lake Superior and tide water is aliout COO feet. The total numlierof loeks in this system of canals is 5;i. Tie aggregate- length of the canals is 701 miles and the total height directly overcome by the canal locks is 5,"..'i ', feet, the greatest available de]itli in most of the car.als is '.• feet, which makes that dejitli the limit for coinmuiiication between Lake Ontario and the sea. but inprovenients are now being made with a view to liavin,' a uiiiforni depth of 14 feet throughout Mie system, with locks L'70 feet between the gates and 15 feet in width, and it is expected that the enlargement scheme will be com- pleted in three or four years. By the eoiiipletioii of the ship eaiial throuyli Lake St. Peter, vessels drawing •-'71 feet can aseeiid the St. Lawrence as far as .Montreal, by which means that port is now accessible to the lai'gcst meri'liant vessels alloai. Tli(> other canal systems of Canaila are ihe Ottawa, connecting .Montreal and the city of Ottawa, and the Kideau, which, in eonjiiiietioii with the Ott.awa system affords eoninimiicatioii belwirn .Mdiitival and Kingston a total distance of '1U\ miles. There has been expendi'd on canal works and maintenance, $7l,."«10,70.'l. The total revenue since Confederation of the Prov- inces is $9,850,579, being an average of $u80,000 a year. 42 THE RESOURCES AND RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF 'M OUR MERCANTILE MARINE. The maritime interests of Ciuiiuln are larj^e and the importai'ce of a tiionm>;lily o(niii.iic(l marine de])artnicnt tiiercforc eorresiKtndinjrIy ;ri'eat. Tiiis lias been rcco;riiizc(l hy tiie (iovernnient and pcoide of Canada for many "years. TIk^ union of the Eastern Provinces in lHf>7i l)y addinjr tlie lartre maritime interests of the Ivistern I'rovinces to tliosc' of tlie Prov- ince of uel)ec, emphasized tlie necessity of a separate department. Since Confederation 200,000,000 tons of sea-goinf,' shippinfj- have entered tlie sea-ports (tf Canada. I('i2,000,000 tons of sliipi>iiifr have crossed and recrossed the (Jreat Lakes Iietweeii Canada and the United States; ;jr)0,0(X),0(»0 have jjassed from Canadian parts to Cana- dian parts, doinj; the eoastinff trade of the country. In 1H.")D there were .')'.> lifjhthouses in the Province of Canada, 10 in New Brunswick, lO in Nova Scotia and one in Prince I'.dward Island, in all, 8'J. In IS'.Ct there were 741) li,:,'lit houses, 01'.) lisht station, 21 (og horns and ."i 1 automatic fog horns. It will he seen that there are 121 light stations, .')22 lighthouses, 22 fog whistles and .'54 fog horns more than there was in 18G8, without taking into account the large number of bell buoys, buoys and beacons that have also been supplied since then. These were manned by G'Xi light keepers, engineers of fog whistles, assistants and crews of lightships, -while the whole number of persons employed on the outside service was Ifi'M. These were divided into five divisions: Ontario, (Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward and British Columbia. In 188G the lighthouse at Cape Race, Newfoundland, was transferred by the Imperial Government to the Dominion of Canaila. The total cost of maintaining the lighthouses, fog whistles, etc., in Canada in 18'J.3, was St80,5r)3. The total number of vessels on the registry books of the Dominion on the .'Ust December, IS'.)."), was 7,11."?, with a gross tonnage of 01 2, ;');>'.) tons. Of this number l,r).'38 were steamboats, gross ton- nage, 241,172 tons, an increase of .■!0,2('>.') tons and of 414 in number, as comjiaied with 18'.)2, and .'51)2 vessels were adiled to the number during the year, with a gross tonnage of 28,44".) tons. Expenditure of the Department of Marine in 18'.)8 was §808, (;82. The revenue for the same year was 8107, .'590. SEA-GOING SHIPl'lXC. KNTKUKD A.ND t'LK.VRlM) AT ('AXAI)I.\.\ POUTS I.\ 18i)3. KKKIIillT. ,. ., ,. T"ii« Tnns 'I'ciiis Mc>M- Xumlii'i- fif \lKSCI!>. lj,.j,;„|,.|., \\,.ii;lll. SinilMi'lll. .Mill. Brllisli .■I,v71 .'Uwi.m.i l,iiis,7:il li ".l.Mi KiC.siil Canadian ' is.4*j i.iK>:.I7 lo.liiiM.llll :l,:,iKi..Vll -J.Ma.il.'.i 4I7.li.l.=i The lirst ocean-going steamer arrived at Montreal in 18;').'!, in which year four arrived of a total tonnage of 1,'.).">1 tons, and in the same year 248 ocean-going sailing vessels arrived of a tonnage of r)7,7r>2 tons. In 18',).'! the total number of sea-going vessels which arrived at the port of Montreal : Total sliMiiiiois HH, T.miuit.-iv... 1.1M,777 " aalliiiK vessels ii7, " sa.aiii Total 871 1,174,UM 'J'he coasting trade for 180.3 is not included in the foregoing, but is set forth in the following: Tonnage. llrilish steaniei-s Mnlved Iii,.')7ii,:u7 •■ siiiliii!,' ves.»i'l» nrrlved l',z:is,.'i«1,') F^l|•t■l^rll ."fteiMHerH .irrived HH,tiH3 Silillllh' vessels Ill-lived (<7,!I.V.I Tutal U',71H,531i SHIPPING IN BRITISH POSSESSIONS ENTERED AND CLE.VRED IN l8!)-i. Tnim. United Kiiik'dimi 7ri.K(i7.1SS Canada iii,7.'i.'.!.74 ll..iii.-lv>ii(; Ki.a'l.lSl! ( i ilMM liar l*.7.'iS,17S SliailB Srttleiiielits 'M (l:i.7ia India «,.'lin Hal .Man (i,2.'m,4-'4 New Solltli Wales .1,i;i7,l«4 Vieti.ria 4,4.'rf;.iM Saitli AuKlralia l'.:)s 1, jm Wesierii Australia l.U'4,.'iH.i Tasniaida 1,1.S7,I I" Xew Zealand 1.1»1,:)/.H (,)ii.',M island !i7i.42S I'e. I.ili .'i.7'.HI,7l»i W i lid ward Nlahds 2.il-i .■J:^•J Leeward Islands 1.7ii:.'.l':M 'Iriniiiad l.:;nl.7nl ('aiiiMd'O 1 llnpe :l.Hil,.'i3J J 1111:1 iea I.i.\"i,4:l3 Natal l,lfi3,8Ji Tlie utiier liritlsli pussessliiiis arc under the inlUioii. It will be observed that no British possession outside of the United Kingdom has a larger shipping trade than Canada. ErOM VEnV S.MALL DEGIXNINGS SPRANG CANADA'S Fleet, now xuMiiERixo over 7,000 ve.ssels. NUMBER OF POST OFFICES IN CANADA AND ESTI.MATED LETTERS, PAPERS, BOOKS, CIRCULARS, PARCELS, ETC., SENT IN 1893. Post Offices 8,477 He^flstered Letters 3.2M.oiiip Kree Letters 4,7JS,(K«) Tcilal Letters posted loii.iiKi.iHKi Post Cards 2:'.7(VV'ilo X(!WS|ai|pers. ete.. posted from ofliee of puldieatlon ()(!,15(),01ii Xewsnaiiers, etc.. posted olljorwisc tlian from office of piiiiiieailoii 24.L'20,(IIH) lioolis. Cireiilars. Samples and Patterns 2.i'c'ii,2i»i Parcels .ll.'I.DiPd Miinev Order (lllleos l.lfis Xiiinlier of Orders issued Ik17,>(Hi; AniMiiiit of Orders Issued *12,!i02,ii7d Aiii'Miiil of Millers issued in other Couutrles i)ay- alile ill Canada i.SflD.ra.i TlIK REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA. The following ligures give the ordinary revenue and expenditure for the year ended, June JJOth, 1803. Hevenile t.'IS.PiM.II! il Exiienditure .lii.sl i.n.'i.'i He venue ill excess of Expenditure l.;i,T-l,5i>(l The revenue was 81, 24 (1,737 more than that of the preceding year, while the expenditure showed an increase of 48 I'lO. In eighteen years out of the twenty-six that have elapsed since the Confederation of the Provinces in 18(')8. there has been a surplus of revenue, and in the remaining eight an excess of exiicnditure. The total amount of surplus during the period has been 830,87;5,OC.O, and of dertcit, 810,804,848, being a net excess- of revenue over expenditure of 823,018,221. The re\cnue in 180.'5 was only exceeded in three ]>revious ye;u's and was 824,480,081 in excess of 1808, the tirst year after Confederation, being an increase of nearly 170 per cent. The returns show that since the first and up to the latest year of Confederation, the revenue and expendi- ture have increased in about the same proportion. lin the 111 ED THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 48 While the revenue was 15 cents per head more than in tlie previous year, tlie expenditure was 8 cents less REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES IN SOME OF THE BRITISH POSSESSIONS. Ueveniie. I'er llmil KrjiendHiire. I'er Head. Uiilti'd KIukIdhi *i:i'.i,'.L'i.lii:i 'll.t.'! H.i:i.Wl.77ii pU II t'ii|ie iif (iooM llii|« i'l,H77,.'ilii ln..i!) ■.;i.i«!i,7:'.i i:i.ii.'i New Suiitli 'Villi's .il.lii.'),;)7:) 4i.(i7 .11.27:i,)lil 42."-' Vlftiiiia WlM'i.-iM m:>> 41.xki..v.>'.i wh.iw, Simtll AuslluUa. Ia,.l.'il!.l4i .n.a.'i l:l.4;l.ni 4ll.4U New Zen hind ifl.:icll.ii;!il m.M lii.ilRl.lii wi.ii! OiieiMisliinil lilJ?!!.^!! .'lii.Hl I7.:ii:i.7,'il 41. in Tiisinimln 3,n.M.7S.'i a.i.os 4,17ii.:i7ii -r.i.-a Wt'8tt!rn AiHrnlla i.iUii.ii^l 4;'ill -.MWi.i'id.i 4.'i.i;7 Fiji M*:>-2{ S.77 :iJ1i,L'4il J lU Canada 3B,l68,e09 7.69 3e,8l4,063 T.42 KIRE INSURANCE IN CANADA. Edward Atkinson says: "Progressive wcaltli can perhaps be measured as accurately by the amount of insurance ap^ainst tire as i)y any other standard." In th(! first year of Confederation, 1808, the amount at risk in the several fire insurance companies reportinf!^ to the Dominion Oovernment was 856 per head of the population, in 1" it was §100 per head, in 1891 §157 per head, and in 18D2 it was §107 per head, more than three times that of 1807. In 1809 the amount of Are insurance at risk in Canada was §188,359,809. In 1892 the amount of lire insurance at risk in Canada was $821,410,072. LIFE INSURANCE IN FORCE IN CANADA In 1809 amount at risk §35,080,082. In 1892 amount at risk §279,110,205. AVERAGE AMOUNT OF POLICIES IN FORCE IN CANADA 1892 Policiet Average Companiet Number Amount. Amount. Canadian '"•■'^'w «.53,i!u,ii7» «.(!74 Brltlall l<'>,4t"» 33.(Wa.7(Hi 2.lM(i United states 47,!I!W 8!t,.WJ,3fi8 l.WiS LW,!)?! 270,S8!I,747 1,772 CANADIAN LIFE COMPANIES. Assets. Canada Life *13.n77.1:)ii Confederation Life 4,li:..171 Sun Life ».4i«.7(il Ontario Mutual Life i.aS.I.SKl .\ortli AinerUan Life 1.41S.!i7» Manufaeturers Life "i;tl.4ii.i London Life .•Mo.il.is Federal Life l'i1;i,117 Temperanee and General 2:t7.:i.1l Oreat West 121.417 Dominion Life lln.ni! Dominion Safely 7.S,i!42 Citizen (Life Dept.) il",27.1 with a net premium income of §4,997,900 in 1893, and a total income of §0,180,721, with expenditure of §3,705,531. Accident Insurance business is transacted in Can- ada by nine companies — five Canadian, three British, and one United States — and guarantee business by three companies, one Canadian, one British and one United States. The business transacted in 1892 was as follows: — ACCIDENT. Premiums reeelved ? .117.643 Amount Insured ,W,o««,77!i Paid for elaims 162,48.") GUARANTEE. Premiums received * 06,384 Amount guaranteed ll,«l»,Ml Faidfor claim* U.048 PLATE GLASS. Plate glass insurance was transacted by three com- panies: one Canailian, one British, one United States. The premiums received during the year were §39,406, and the losses incurred, §15,078. One company and one firm transact this class of business on tlie system of rei)lacement instead of paying the value of the glass broken. At the close of 18112 there were 94 companies under the supervision of the Superintendent of Insurance. Tlierc were engaged in business as follows : DohiK I'lfe Infiiiranee 40 " Life AKSesament plan 7 " FiroIiisnr.il 87 " Inland .Murine Insurance H " Ocean Marine liisiiranee i '* Accident Insurance fl " Duariinlee Insurance S " Sleain n0,7()0 FINANCIAL STATISTICS. On folio 25 of this pamphlet the reader will find a special reference to the financial condition of Canada, with favorable extracts from several leading authorities, and also a clause " Praise for our Banking System." Hereunder will be found a list of our banking institu- tions and loan companies, with par value of shares, capital subscribed, capital paid up, and rest fund. NAME. Par ('apital Caiiltal Value. Kuliscrllied Paid up Ki^st HANKS. » .Monlreal 2i¥i Merchants' itiiiik of Ciiiiada icio Caondian Dank of Coinincr. e . .^o Uritish North America 24:)J Hank of Hrltish Colunilim Oueliec 1011 Molsons .'io 'roronto 111(1 Imperial li»> Dominion .tO Kastcrn Townships .10 Ottawa l(»i Ontario loo Hamilton ino Union Hank of Canada ^< Nationale .V) Du I'eupie m Merchants' Hank of Halifax... 100 Stanilaril m lIochelaKa 100 Union Hank, Halifax 50 People's Hank of N. B 20 Jacques Cartler 25 New Hrunswick ino Western 100 St. Stephen's lOo Commercial, Windsor, N. S 4ii Commercial, Newfoundland ... 2tio VlUoMarle 100 *l ■'.000,000 .'12.000.000 K>(«IO,000 li.lKlO.OOO O.OI O.IHMl :i,i«Ki,«oo t'l.OOO.OIlO li.OOO.lHMl l,2(0,l1»t 4.Ki',i;.0iU! 4,8(lll.iaill 1 ,:t.'i8.:):i:t i 2.!C^0.U10 2.!i2;l.(HO l,:i:)H,:);i;t 1 2,.tOO.I»«) 2,;"iO0.(l(Ki MK' l»l 2,IMhl.01N) 2.ll(«I.IK)0 l.;too,iioo 2.000.1100 ti.lMKI.lNIO 1,800,000 l.irvl.ooo l.'.»I1.740 l..VIO,0(») 1.. Ms 1,01 HI 1.5)00,0(10 L.'ioo.iaio ; l..*lIIO,IKK) MilO.lKI.'i (;8o,()oo l.."!!*!.!!!*) 1,480,010 818,221 l.;i().I.OI10 1..''|00.I«I0 .'ll.'i.OOO f l,2.'J1.00O l.i.vi.ooo •;7.'i.ooo 1 l.ioo.iioo 1,20(1,(NH1 im.i»») l,20O.INN) 1,200,000 :io,ooo 1,20'>.0(10 1,2(«M««) 000.1100 1,2(KMKI<) 1,100.0(10 (soo.doo 1,000,11110 l.noo.doo 6(10,000 712,IN10 740.780 270,t«)() Ml,<»*^ 50(I,(H10 140,000 18(1,000 180,000 110,(»X) ,, . SOO.IXK) Htn.ono 22.1,000 Si '■ S(NI,000 ,'j00,(«M 525,000 .KIO.OOO 37ft,O0O »2,6ao 200.000 200.000 45,000 J .'lOo.iMm L'|li.lW8 »>,im .■KlH,!"! 3o(i,.'i01i 165,000 iOU,UUU 47u,a(w 44 TUK HKSOUHCRS AND KAI'IO DEVELOPMENT OF N1 ,.,.r .-ai.!.,.! >■,.Mn^ Mcnzie, Tumer & Co., daini that ill thoii' fjoods i.oAX cHMi'AxiKs. Villi!.' siii.siriiiiii I'iiid up w<'»t " tlii-y li'inl .'Hid otluTs follow aii(l tlicy sei'in to be AttricuituniiSHv i i„„.nc.. f« ■;^i '.'»"' 'HM'-' ■'"■'«"' ri;,'lit'. for tlicv liavc (Irvfldiicd an extensive trado in Ilfili:l:M.'■;:;;:,^!rn■'^:: l;:; "l^^ -:n^ S;:::; anythl..- an.l ev,.ryti,intr pertainin>^ to their .icimi-t- itiiii(iiiit.-\ i.".iM Ai«ii , «s VMjfi ;;.(i.ii.iii iiii.ixi iiient of iiiaiiufactui-e. their yoods are elcjrant, tlieir ijriv 'i::;!;,;'<^i*n'i::^r;; • i;:; J:;::::;::; ..S-: i)^!"^ Hrm .nteriM-isin::, and th.^ «i<'>i'-'' fii" '-''si'ients in tiie ISi;uli:;«u*s!^vin;i"!'"::: m ..i;;;:::; i.:-::"! ^^^' colonies wm write them freely for particulars and etc. Dnniilllnll Siiv.A: lliv.ll (•< .Ill l,.»i.i.ii«i MIx.J.Vi yr:z"u:::::!:^^":u::^c^-: ^i x^-'i'' . 'iiTj- "'::«- i" ""• "'™ "' ceorge wiusson & co., wc have niiiiiiii..ii I'n.vi.i.iitjt i,..aii..., iKi i..'i«..<«i i.M .ii>.i«<: i'S"«: in^*- our fertile ;md piwisjierous Dominion can 1)0 olitained Maiilli.ha liiv.'Sl. A"»'ii ii«' IKp.ixi ii«M»«i :l,iKM , ....(.iii-ifo knoulcilirp i\v to IHmsilillitip'i foi' MaiilioliM l.'.iiii fuiiipaiiy li«i l,.'iitc^ side of the Niagara River, within sight ' —.-,.. B e\ "^ ^'"' worldfamous cataract. Their productions are Messrs. Buntm Reid& Co., whoseadvertise- ,„uci, different from Kuropean makes, being more meiit aiipears on folio i; m our advertising pages „uidern. stvlish, neat and durable': all thev require is are the oldest established wholesale stationers .and t„ i,e j,„t in fair competition with any other makes of paper manufacturers in Lan.ada. 1 he liuilding occu- H,.,,ces in the universe. They are the fastest sellers pied by them is one of the hnest warehouses in 1 oronto over the counter every time. ' Their •'Hercules" make and they lay themselves out for supplying the Colonial .„.j. warranted to wear two years, and l''oreigii market with all the requisites of the press room Their liusiness has just lately b..en entirely re- q. Morrice, Sons & Co. control the leading modelled ami they are now looked upon as the leading n,,^,, ;„ (^-otton and Woollen goods in Canada. Thev Wholesale btationers of ( 'anada. _.„.^. .^ ,^..^,,i„j, „,.,„ ^,„,in,.ntly enterprising and proml Toronto Type Foundry. We direct the atten- nent in every particular. Their several mills, and tioii of our readers to folio S. on which the T(jroiito Type various products, should be suggestive to residents in Fouiiilr\ Company describe their successful and exten- the Colonies. It is a ]ileasure to Canadians to be able sive business. In Presses, Pajier Cutters, Folding to refer to this tirm as one of our Canadian interests. Machines, Electric Jloters, Shafting, etc., together with their Type, Cases, Pulleys, Brass Rules, Inks, On folio lf> we set forth the leading advertiaement Rollers and their exclusive agency for the American of the Labatt Brewery Company, which was Type Founders Company, they are comjilete and established in IS.Iil. Pure Ales and Stout, made only their attractive advertisement sluuild arrest the from choice barley malt, the best liojts and [lurc spring attention of all interested in Printers Supplies. Special water; their assertions supported by certilicates from export discounts and specimen books supplied on Prof. Croft, of our celebrated Toronto University, Prof, application, write them. John Baker Edwards, of Montreal, Prof. P. J. Ed. Page THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 46 [roods Jo be |I»' in {iiirt- Itlieir pi Mic <3tC. Iliavi! liints. |(lin«- with perii- jined for Laviil University, and I'rof. Fisct, Oovernmenr Analyst, and yr'i'ii'iintend l)y ten Cold, Silver and Mronzf Mrdals, twolvc Diplomas awarded at Worlil's ( ircat Kxlnl)ition!», I'nited States, 76, Canada, '7(;, Australia, "7, Franee, '7H, .liinuiica, '01, Cliic'a>;o, 'it;!. San Franciso, '.M. should warrant a close attention and conelusivc orders. This is another of our representative industries. The Chatham Fanning Mill, with hap},niip attachment, will clean and seiiarate all kinds of trrfi" and seeds. Head Manson Campbell's advertisement on folio 18. This wonderfully useful machine can be shipped in small space in knock-down shape, and parties desirin-r Wire Cloth and Perforated Zinc for all purposes can be supplied on ai)plication. ]{ead the advertisement. Nc-Wlands & Co., of (ialt, Ontario, describe their Buffalo Hobes, Buffalo and Astrachan Coats, Eider Downs, Jersey Cloths, (Hove and Shoe Mninfrs on pape 18, and are jirepared and anxious to furnish complete particulars on application. Theirs is an (extensive and prondsinfj l)Usiness. The Berlin Felt Boot Company manufacture Felt (ioods of every description, also Saddlery. Harness, Shoe, and all kinds of Sheet and Cloth Felts, .Men's Miss(>s' and Children's Fancy l''elt Slippers and Shoes. These poods are conifeculiarl>- interest in;r iind favoi'able to the Colonies, and once tried will doubtless command a large sale and general use. Thert! is nothing known to modern usage in OHice, School, Church, Lodge and Hall F'uriuture which is not prc]iared and i)rodueed in elegant form by the Canadian Office and School Furniture Co. They have a continental rejiutation, and, as will be observed, were awarded the (iold .Medal at the .lamaica Exhibition. See their ailvertisement on folio '20. Buy the Brantford Bicycle which holds all Canadian records and ])roke nine world's records. When such marked attention is now afforded all makes of Bicycles, and particularly those of Canadian manu- facture, and wheri' they are coming into regular and connnon use in the Colonics, we desire that tln! " lirantford " should lie afforded a special consideration. Head their advertisement, folio 20. The manufactures of Goold, Shapley & Muir Co., of Brantford, should receive marked attention. Steel AVind Mills for pumping and power, Steel Towers, Grain Grinders, Water Tanks, Spray I'limps, Patent gearless Fanning Mills, and their numerous other valu- able conveniences and appliances, should suggest to the reader a careful study of same. See ad. folio 20. Write for particulars, and they will cheerfully furnish all data. D. S. Perrin & Co. is one of the largest and one of the most enterprising manufacturing tirms in the Dominion. To see their samples and learn their prices is to realize that it is no longer necessary to seek else- where for the very best goods manufactured in their several lines. Their Biscuits and Confectionery are of a quality and variety that places competition at defiance. Their Sterling Chocolates are perfection. It is as they state, " High class goods at reasonable prices." Arrangements are being perfected to place their premium goods before residents of the Colonies. Look out for them. See their full page ad., folio 22. When a manufacturer can proclaim that at the World's Fair, Chicago, in competition with the product of the largest and oldest makers in the I'nited States and (ilscwhcre, that his ]..-oduct obtained the highest award in his line, a (Jold Medal and Dii)loma, it should command a consideration for his goods instantaneously -and this is what the Chatham Manufacturing Company set Un-th in their i)age advertisement, with descriptions, on folio 21 of this pamphlet. Their Wagon takes and maintains the lead wherever intro- duceil, and is eminently suited to the colonies. Write them for catalogues and prices. " Ours is the Best," is what the Standard Silver Company assert as to their Electroplated Ware, and their marked and rapid success bears out this conten- tion. Their " Special (ireeting to the Australian Trade" is worthy of a careful reading, and leaves nothing more to be said, l>eyond directing attention to same on folio 2t). As Barristers, Solicitors, Proctors. Notaries and I'.irliameutMry Agents in ('.'inada, the lirm of Messrs. Mills & Mills, of Toronto, claim attention, and they refer to Hon. S. ,1. \Vra\', Chief .lustice of South Aus- tralia. .Ml legal matters entrusted to them will re- ceive comi>!ete and experienceii attention. To the D. W. Karn & Co., Piano and Organ Manufacturer's adverti.-ment on folio 28, you are re- iiuested to turn your attention. In no dejiartment of manufacture has there been more rajjid strides towards a perfection than in the Piano and Organ business; it is simply marvellous, and no manufacturing firm in this connection have succeeded in securing public favor and good opinion more than tlie 1). AV. Karn Company. They have been awarded the highest honors and distinction in (iold Medals, etc., at the great exhibitions. They have sevcmty-live styles to choose from ; there are .'i!3,(JU0 of their splendid instruments now in use. Every instrument is warranted for seven years, and they are extending their business rai)idly. They have already an agi'ucy in Sydney, where these instru- ments can be seen. Head their advertisement. For a high grade of Hubber Boots and Shoes, for Tennis, Lacrosse, Plimsoll Shoes ; for Belting, Hose, Packings, Carriage Goods, Clothing, anything in Hub- ber (Joods, apply to our well known Canadian Rub' ber Company, of Montreal. With their capital of one million and a half dollars : with their extensive factories and i)lant: with their recognized enterprise, they control one of the largest enterprizes in the Do- minion of Canada. See folio 30. The enormous pro- portions of their business is a guarantee as to the (|ual- ity of their goods, atid another evidence of the enter- prize characterizing Canadians in all departments of Trade and Commerce. Write them freely. They desire to advantage Colonial trade oi)portunities. (^n folio 30 is the advertisement of the Breithaupt Leather Company, Limited, Tanners and Leather Merchants. Many readers of this i)amphlet have doubt- less heard of the choice Hemlock Sole fx-ather which the Breithaupt Company export in such large quanti- ties. It has a continental reputation. This firm have extensive Tanneries in several parts of the Dominion. Their head ollice is at Berlin. Correspond with them. For the Field, Flower and Garden Seeds of the Dominion of Canada and elsewhere, write to John 8. Pearce & Co. This is an old established firm, 46 THE KraOUHCES AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE dating back to IHtW. They deal In all kinds of Dairy Supplies, Cheese Factory and Creamery Apparatus, and they solicit correspondence from the Colonies. The Canadian prominence of this leading? firm is a suflicicnt guarantee to all interested in their poods. Their estab- lishinent in London, Canada, is an extensive one. See folio ;K). Chas. Boeckh & Sons. This firm has been establislu'd over forty years, and are extensive manu- facturers of Hrushes, their principal output beinp Painters and V'arnishers' Hriishes of every descrii)tion. also IIous(!liold, Toilet and Stable Hrushes. Thcry manufacture Mrooins of all kinds, ineludinfr the refjular Corn (,'arpet Mrooms and all kinds of Yard, Street, Stable and Ship Urooms, etc. Tlii'y are abo head- i|uarti'rs for WotJileiiwarc of all kinds, such as Pails, Tubs. WashlioanU, ('lollies riii-. Butter \Vare, Kitchen W;ir(\ etc. \ lai'^re illiistrated eataloi;ue is published by this House, wliieli they will be jileased to send on api>lication with fidl particulars as to discounts, terms, etc., etc. The Queen's Hotel, of Toronto, Canada, has a reputation for perfect ijuiet, excellent attendance, and the peculiar excellence of its cuisine throiiffhoiit the continent. There is nothiiif^ that will contribute to the comfort and satisfaction of their fj^uests that is over- looked by Messrs. MctiAw it Wi.vn'Ktt. Distins'uished visitors sfijournin}^ in our (,'ueen City are to be found at the ueeu's. Patronized by Prince Leopold, the Marquis of Lome, and others prominent. KIR.ST CLA.S.S MACHLNEIiY AND MEN. Mechanical establishments that arc up to date are the only ones that will be able to stay in the field. Cotnix'tition has been forced to so tine a |n)int that the miinufacturers who would do any work at all must fiffure every elcnient of ])ro(luction-cost down to the lowest possible notch. This he can do only with all the instrumentalities used by thos(> with whom he com- petes. His competitors use the latest labor-saving, power-.savinfjT, time saving and (|uality-raising machines, methods and processes, and if he attempts to get along without just as full an eciuiiniient, and of just as high a grade, he at the start places himself in a position or a condition that makes his defeat inevitable. An establishment is up to date when there is in it no necessity for doing work twice, no necessity for using power to move a i)ioce of metal in any other than a direct way from start to finish, no machine that is inferior to any other machine of its class, no part of equipment that causes constant wastage, however small, of fuel or steam, and no lack of the best machines to do easily and without abusive forcing all work that comes. Along Avith this up-to-dateness in equipment must go an equal up-to-dateness in the force of men employed. The linest machines are the cheapest in the end, provided they are used by the best of work- men. The shop in which first-class machinery is matched with tii'st class men is the only sho]) that can and will turn out satisfactory work. And this is what characterizes the Manufactories of the Dominion of Canada in every Department. SUMMAKY. A8 u conclusion to this pamphlet, compiled for the informatio'' A the residents of the sister Colonies, I am of opinion that sufficient evidence has been submitted by me to support and justify Canadian contentions that in design, value and material, the products and manu- factures of our Dominion occupy a prominent position in the marked competition for supremacy which char- acterizes the present age, and warrants Canadians making overtures to the residents of the sister colonies, and residents within tlie Empire generally, for a fair portion of the vast trade which the recent conference lias suggested, and which is now facilitated by the comprehension and practical consideration which alt matters pertaining to a closer trade relationship and interchange received then, and are now receiving at the hands of the Imperial as well as at the hands of the several Colonial Governments. As the Earl of .Jersey wisely stated in his report of the recent Colonial conference, "that such an oppor- tunity does not soon recur, as the sands of time run quickly down." "There is an impatience for action which would be tried by delay and most sadly dissappointed by indiffer- ence to the proposals which are now brought forth." Canada has certainly evidenced her desire in the visit of Sir Mackenzie Howell to the Colonies, the arranging for and in carrying into effect the Colonial conference, the facilities provided, the subsidal assistance offered, the mission of Commissioner Larke, and the many other features in good form presented, we can therefore reasonably anticipate an acceptance of our Canadian overture in good form and at an early date. We refer with pardonable pride, to our various leading industries, to their magnitude, and the volume of trade they indicate, to the prosperous condition of all departments, and the manner in which at all of the World's Fairs and Exhibitions, the excellence and merits of our exhibits have been recognized and referred to, it should be convincing and conclusive. It has been a ditHcult task with the variety and volume of our many favorable features to decide as to which was the most desirable to present it in, therefore I can reasonably claim, under such circumstances, a fair mea.surc of consideration for any omissions or commissions. ALEX. W. MURDOCH. Note. — Mr. Barber will visit the Colonies at an early date to further Canadian interests in the Colonies and complete our desires and system for a complete representation in the Colonies of Canadian interests, and a corresponding representation at onr Colonial Hureau in Canada of Colonial interests of whatever nature, and we shall be pleased to be favored at all times with enquiries, data and commissions, which will receive prompt, intelligent attention at our hands. MURDOCH, BARBER & CO. \i Of Fa ( i { b II \..:A. THE DOMINION OF CANADA 47 the am ttcd that nu- tion har- iuns lies, fair ince the ail and iit of H I If The.Queen's TORONTO, CANADA ELEHHATFJ) for its home comfoifs. Perfect (luiet, jrood attendance and •'^W if| it!| the pecuHar excellence of its cuisine. i^Rlilfi Jfi }^i 5!!iy|s) Dclifihtfully situated near the J?ay. on ' 1 ■ 1 ■ vj^ Front street, convenient to business een- i&r '''■■' ,■ I -V !•■ K • ^^ Front street, convenient to iMisines^ i mU Ifi V^l ^ ^ ^^"^^^ WM tre. railroad depots, steamboats, etc. McGAW & WINNETT Proprletorj* (^HAs. BoEeKH & Sons MANUFACTURERS OF w Offices and Warerooms 80 York Street Factories 1 68 to 168 Adelaide St. West Brushes, Brooms Woodenware, Etc. Toronto CANADA Gananoque Spring ^'^'^''^SS^^r.o and Axle Qo. canada MANUFACTURERS CARRIAGE SPRINGS AND AXLES o'' AND BOLT CLIPPERS Capacity 60,000 Sett Per Annum Correspondence from the Trade Solicited Established 1866 THE MONETARY TllillES, TRADE REVIEW AND INSURANCE CHRONICLE with wlilch liM» lici-ii iiicMi'iiDi-iiicil till' In i i:ii( iit.umai. ,Iiii iinai. ..k C mmkI!< i:. "f Mniitr.^il (in Iki;'.' . tlu' Tiiali; lii;\iK«- ..f tin- Siiiiii- i-ily ,,h\ ISiij anil tlji' TuiiciMo .li.i iinai. ok ( hMmkik k. THIS IS THE OLDEST AND MOST RELIABLE TRADEPAPER IN CANADA It oont.ilns every week ii eiircfuUv cimipili'il ii'vii'w willi |iriii' all portions of the IJritlsh Fimpire on fyli' at our Colonial Hureau. CORRESROISJDENCE SOLICITED Write us fieely. Our system is (Mtiuplete: our departments intellijiently arranged. Expert assistants apart Imm our reuular stafi' available for all branches. NOTE.- - This Pamphlet and the West India Issue compiled for the Government by our Mr. Murdoch. RBER o. 'S TO THE FURNITURE TRADE. Fhe JAMES HAY Oo., Ltd. WOODSTOCK, Ontario, CANADA i. > MANUFACTURERS AND EXPORTERS OF Roll-Top Desks, Chairs of all Kinds, Bedroom Suites, Hall Racks, Chiffoniers, Extension Dining Tables, Reed and Rattan Furniture, Baby Carriages, Etc. ■m LARGEST FACTORY IN CANADA LOWEST PRICES IN THE WORLD UNITED STATES' COMPETITION KNOCKED OUT Our Goods are sold and known in Canada, United States, Creat Britain, Sandwich Islands, Australia and New Zealand WRITE FOR CATALOGUES AND PRICE LISTS Cabl« AddrMS " HAYOOi' The James Hay Co., Ltd., Woodstock, om.. Cai \%(