CIHM Microfiche Series (l\/lonographs) ICI\1H Collection de microfiches (monographles) Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian da microreproductions historiquas Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. 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Maps, platas. charts, ate. may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly includad in ona axposu: J ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar. laft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad. Tha following diagrams iilustrata tha mathod: 1 2 4 5 L'«x«mplair« film* fut raproduit gric* A la gAnirotiU d«: British Columbia Archives and Records Service. Lm imagat tuivantaa ont ttt raproduitat avac la plus grand toin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nanat* da raxamplaira film*, at an conformity avac lot conditions du contrat da filmaga. n Los axamplairas originaux dont la couvartura ti papiar ast im^ =m*a sont f ilmAa an eommancant par la pramiar plat at •n tarminant soit par la darniira paga qui comporta una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'illustration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la eas. Tous las autras axamplairas originaux sont filmto an commonpant par la pramiAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par la darni*ra paga qui compoito una taila amprainta. Un das symbolos suivants apparaltra sur la darniira imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la cas: la symbola — ^ signifia "A SUIVRE". la symbols ▼ signifia "FIN". (.as cartas, planchas. tablaaux, ate. pauvant Atra filmAs A das taux da reduction diff grants. Lorsqua la documant ast trop grand pour *tra raproduit an un saul clich*. il ast film* A partir da I'angla supAriaur gaucha. da gaucha A droita. at da haut an bas. an pranant la nombra d'imagas nicassaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mAthoda. 2 3 5 6 MICROCOfY RiSOlUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) Its US ti t- - ■bUb 12.8 ■ 4.0 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 ^ >^PPLIED IIVMGF IS53 Eost Main Street Rochester, Ne» York U609 USA (7161 482 - 0300 - Phone (716; 288-5989 -Fox tf. REPORT or THOS. H. DUNN. C.E. or THE WATER POWER BRANCH OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ..: • T- J. U. Challigs, Esq., Supt. Water Power Brand Department of Interior, Ottawa, Ont. Sir:— I beg to submit the following report based on informa- tion gained from my examination of the locality and maps and guaginga made by the Railway Belt Hydro- graphic Survey during the Season of 1912. Creneral Description The C!olumbia River takes its nse in Columbia Lake abouf latitude 50, 15 North, anl Longitude 150, 50 West. From Columbia Lake it flows North West through Lake Windermere and continues in the same direction, generally past the town of Golden, situated on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway at the junction of the Kicking Horse River with the Columbia. The valley is bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the Elast side, and the Selkirk Mountains on the West, lying in parallel ranges. Running through this great valley is a low flat strip of land of considerable uniformity, averaging about a mile in width and extending from Lake Windermere to a point near Donald. At extremely high water this is virtually the bed of the Columbia River, for it is practically covered with water at such times, although no doubt, there is but little velocity out- side of the low water channels, while at extreme low v/ater the whole flat is dry, and the river winds through this flat by many and devious channels, being confined chiefly to the main channel. Adjoining the flat on both sides are high dry benches which have the most part steep sides next the river and which shed little or no water, not getting enough from the scant rainfall to satisfy the thristy soil. The range on the East is narrow and precipitous and its Eastern slope feeds the Kootenay River which parallels the Columbia for about sixty miles of its course and at a distance of only about twelve miles to the East, but flowing in the opposite direction. From these conditions IB348 •J it will be readily leen that then can be few oreeka on the Eaat side flowing to the Columbia. There are none o( importance within the railway belt South of Ooldeu The West side of the range is more broken and the oreeka are longer and uf courae larger. Canyon creek, amall afl it is, is the only tributary of any importance within this portion of the railway belt. South of the railway belt there are aome good siaed creeks of which the most important are, Spillainacheen, Bugaboo, No. 2, Horae Thief and Toby. Spillamacheen, althou^ situated within the railway belt, enters the Columbia just South of the Southern linul of the belt, these are all on the West side aud with Canyon Creek and the discharge from Windermere Lake, constitute the chief supply of the Columbia South of Golden. The discharge fror- Windermere Lake is not great and when Toby Crerk is in flood t..e water flows back into the Lake, which waa the condition at the time of my visit. The water of all the Credu ia heftvily chkrged with ailt, a large percent of which is deposited on envcring the comparatively sluf^gish waters of the Columbia. Thif haa resulted in the raising of a small section of the bottom lands above high water at and near the moutha of Toby, Horae Thief and Canyon Creeka. Transportation The Columbia Valley ia altered at the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway at GokUn which ia situated at the conflvence of the Kieldng Horae with the Columbia. From Golden the C. P. R. follows the valley of tlie Colimi- bia down Stream as far as Beaver Mouth. A branch of the C. P. R. known as the Kootenay Central Railway, is under conatruotion between Golden and some point of the Crows' Nest Branch. This line follows the Columbia on the East side and the rails are laid about half o< the way from Goldmi to Windermere Lake. In a year or two, years at moat, this road will be in full operation. (This Railway is now completed.) There ia a good highway a,loBg the East aide of the Valley from Ciulden to Atholiuer. 'niit niHtl Ci)ntinut>« on South and down the Kootenay valley tu CranbnMk on the Crows' Nest Branch. There it is also a good road which extends down the West side of the ('oluinMa from Invermcre. An automobile highway from Banff to Windrrmere i. vUjder ctmstruct iim and is well on the way toward i completion. This road travfrnes the Kootenay valley an«l enters the Columbia N'alley by way of Sinclaire Pass and when complete*! will form one of the links of the much talked of National Highway to the Coast and will form a very attractive feature. The Columbia it navigable between Golden and Windermere Lake for flat bottomed boats with stem wheels, such as are shown in the attached photographs, during the greater part of the Season. At the low water period, however, there ia considerable difficulty on account of numerous sand bars. It is quite true, as 8tate>i in the report of Canavan and Mitchell, that some of the bends in the River channel are very short and no doubt are a great trouble and annoyance in navigation. There are six boats plying on the River from Qolden South. T..e navigation of this portion of the River is at present a very important matter, and ia bound to become more and more important as the valley becomes settled imtil the Kootenay Central comes into operation, and even then it will be essential for the West side unless the bottoms are reclaimed aa there are at present few places wb' % crossing could be constructed. With the un- wat g of the flata, however, thia difficulty would largely disappear. Settlement and Agriculture* The principal town and the only one of any size is Golden, with a population of about 2,000. Lumbering and cons action has been the chief employment of the people, agriculture holding a very important place. However the fillin of tht larger valleys nearer the Coast and the scarcity of lands suitable for agricultural pur- poses has directed attention to the upper Columbia valU*y and during the Isit f«w y(«n a number of M^tlera have taken up laud upon the Eaat side of the valley. The very light rainfall in the upper valley, which niakeii irrigation of the bencheit neceawry, has more tlian anything dxe retarded ttcttlement because irrigation U too difficult and expcnuve for individual effort in thin land of Hluping benches, and where the water supply rou8t be drawn from deep and Hometimes remote can- yons. This condition is now being remedied by large irrigation companies, who have acquired lands in the valley and are carrying on extensive improvements preparatory to putting their lands on the market. I visited the Townsiic of the Columbia Valley Orchards Lands C^)mpany, where I found a largo cori>8 of laborers at work clearing the land of all trees, stumps and stones and constructing a complete system of irrigation for a large tract which it is proposed to plant in apples or such orchanl or other fruits as may be suitable to the climat«. Considerable land on this tract is being plowed this year. Several townsites have been laid out in the valley and such small places as Athalmer, Invermere and Wilbur have a considerable number of houses. The largest of *hese is Athalmer, which is situated at the foot of Lake Windermere. It seems quite certa'a that wit'a the completion of the Kootenay Central railway and perfecting of the plans of the Irrigation Companies, the valley will receive a considerable influx in population. With the settlement of the benches will come a strong demand for the reclamation of the bottom lands for the growth of hay. The local supply of hay has been an almost minus quantity and much hay is bought from outside points. The •'ice varies some but is always high, being fror^ $'.. to $45.00 per ton and even higher at times. Climate During tne few days of my visit the weather was delightful, and I am given to understand that this is the prevailing con'^ition during the summer. Value The bench landit are Huitahlo for the cultivation of fruitii. Where tliey have Iwen cleared, Mub-