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--,f»Sfw

PASTORAL LETTER

-OF THE-

lligit l^ekrmb Jo|n iials|, §.

'*f

BISHOP OF SANDWICH,

PUBLISHING

Srije |j0pe'0 (gncijclkal Cdter

OF THE 17th OF OCTOBER, 1867, AND

APPOINTING A TRirUUM

COMPLIANCE WITH ITS CONDITIONS.

1868.

OF THE

Higlit ^rocienli Jolm mabl), p. p.,

BISHOP OF SANDWICH.

PUBLISHING THE POPE'S ENCYCLICAL LETTER OF 17TH OCTOBER, 18G7, AND APPOINTING
A TRIDUUM IN COMPLIANCE WITH ITS DIRECTIONS.

Dearly Beloved Brethren,

Once more the voice of the Holy Father resounds tlirough
the Christian world, protesting against sacrilegious violence and injustice,
and calling attention to the evils that overspread the face of Italy, and that
have swept in a devastating tide over unhappy Poland. In an Ency-
clical 1 'Uer, addressed some time since to the universal Church, the Su-
preme rtill bewniis these evils in accents akin to those in wliich our
dear Kedc< mer mourned over the doomed city of Jerusalem. jNIany a time,
during his eventful but glorious Pontificate, has Pius IX. had cause to de-
nounce wickedness, to condemn error, to draw^ the dividing line between
truth and falsehood, and with unfaltering voice, to point out to an erring
world, the road which leads to virtue and happiness. Like un!<) hi.i Divine
Master, he has been the object of ingratitude, treachery and hatrecl ; he luis
been maligned and persecuted, — a living fullilment of the words ad lie-;ed

by our Lord to His Apostles," The sorvnnt is not greater than his master;
if thev have persecuted iSle, they will also persecute you." (St. John xv.
20 ) ' Our Divine Redeemer came eating and drinking, and yet He pleased
not— our Holy Kallier instituted vefoinis, and he was repaid by treason
and revolution. Durin- iiis long reign, he has striven to make his people
happy, and noveitheiess, ha is reviled and calumniated. Amid all his un-
deserved sudVringsi the fiery trials to which ho has been subject^dj the
bitter nerswution and obloquy of whirii he has been the target, at the hands
of the base and depraved, ha pres^'uts a sublime spectacle to the world,—-
tiie noblest exaiiiple which the age has afforded of the triumph of moral
strength over brute forces of triith and virUie oyer falsehood and iniquity.
And why all this hatred and calumnv and injiwtice -which a«sail the Sove-
re'"n Pontitf? It is an old story: the continuation of the enmity placed
by'tiod between the seed of the woman and that of the serpent, the unin-
terninted wartan! between good and evil, that has raged in the world since
the lall. The Holy Father is the visible Head of the Christian religion,
and the enemies of Jesus and of His blessed work on earth hate him on
that account, and would destroy him if they conUl. The Papacy is the
foundation of the everlasting Church, the centre of its unity and iountain
of iurisdictior, and they see at a glance that by destroying the Papacy, they
would thereby destrov the lieligion they detest. It is the old cry oi the
Deicides : ' Away with Him, away with Him," " we will have no king but
Cjcsar." The Papacv isalso the guardian of order, tVe bulwark of society
anciof thrones, and the revolution aims at the destruction of these through
the downfall of the Papacy. Of course, the enemies of religion and ot so-
ciety mask their sataiiic designs under the flimsy veil of pretence. They
would they allef^e, respect religion, and would not Jill a profane hand
a'-ainst the sacred ark of the Christian ( hurch. They would surround the
au'nist Head of the Church with all the veneration and pomp due to his ex-
alted di'-'iiity, but they would dei)rivo him of his temporal power in order
lo leave" hini free! to'attend exclusively to the interests of religion, and
would establish "a free Church in a fre."- State."

In order to understand the absurdilies of these pretences, the shallow
sophistrv of these vapid declaniatioiis, the glaiiiig injustice and whkedness
of this self-imposed mission of ilie revolutionists, it may be useful to go to
the root of the Roman question, and glance briefly at the tremendous issues

it involves. ^, ,» i i • , r i

We shall begin b\ .-tating that the Primacy of St. Peter and his lawful
su'-cessors over the Christian Church is an article ot faith and a funda-
mental doctrine of Citholivism. What the sun is to the solar system, that
the Primacy <«f the Apostolic See is to the Catholic system of belief. The
ClHircli is a kingdom, it must have a chief ruler; it is a visible bod>, it
must hiive a s isihie head ; it is a house, it must have a head of the family ;
if is a slu'ep-iold, it must have a su))renie shepherd. Our Rlessed Lord
I roitusril Peter liie iieadship of the Ciiiirrli, when He said, " I say unto

thee Ihou art Peter, and ou this rock 1 will build My Church, and the gates
of hell shall never prevail against it. And to thee I will give the keys of
the kingd -in of heaven, whatsoever ihow shalt bind on earth shall be bound
m heaven," etc., etc (Matt. xvi. 1.5-20.) Peter, then, is the rock on
^yhich the everlasting Church is built, the corner stone of the solid founda-
tion on which that majestic structure so securely repose-. All Chri.-tian
antiquity maintains that in the words above quoted, our Divine Hedeemer
promistMl the primacy of Peter and of his otHce, and it no less unanimously
teaches that this promise was fulfilled when our Saviour gave to Peter the
commission to feed the lambs and sheep of His flock : "Feed my lambs, feed
my sheep," (John xxi. 10-17,) that is, aeconling to the interpre'tation of the
Fathers, the whole Hock of Christ: — bishops, priests, as well as the sim-
ple faithful. It is not our purpose here to argue and contend for a doctrine,
butsimply to state an article offaith professed by overtwo hundred mi'lions
of the human race, and held as a fundamental doctrine by the living CI, rch
in all ages down from the time of its institution by Christ. From the very
first, we find acknowledged the supreme power of St. Peter and of his suc-
cesf^ors in spirituals over the universal Church. The writings of tlie early
Fathers and the decisions of the first (Jeneral Councils leave no doubt on
this point. 'I'hus, according to the Fathers, Peter is the " solid rock, — the
great foundation, — to him the keys of the kingdom were granted,— to him
the sheep were assigned, and he is the universal shepherd. He is the pillar
of the Church— the eye of the Apostles— the mouth of the Apostles— the
head of the Apostles— the prince of the Apostles — the one who has the
primacy of the Apostleship, ' and primacy over the universal Church.' "
The Fathers also call the Roman Church the "matrix of all the churches;"
"it is the head See— it is possessed of a superior principality — it is the head
of the churches — the Apostolic See — the fountain, and other churches are
the streams." To it all must have recourse. " He is profane — an alien — an
antichrist who is separated from Rome." And of the Pontiff who occupies
the .*''ee of Peter, they say, "This is tlie fisherman's successor — he holds the
place of Peter — he has the charge of all — hf has tht« primacy in all things
—the chief Pontiff— the bis-hop of bishops — the primate of all the bishops,"
etc., etc., etc.

Such, Dearly Beloved Brethren, is the teaching of all Christian anti-
quity, in fact, the teaching at all times, of the universal Church, in regard
to the primacy of St. Peter and of his successors ; and impartial history is
there to attest that this doctrine has not remained a mere abstrac t triith,
but that it has always bern put into practice.

But let us see what does this primacy imply. It implies, on the part
of the Pope, a universal jurisdiction over the entire Church, over all the
children of Christ, the right of convoking General Councilsand of appoint-
ing bishops, the duly of feeding with salutary doctrine the lamhs and sheep
of the fold of which he is the supreme shepherd ; it implies, therefore, the
right of free access to the whole ( hurch, the right of controlling and direct-

inglludhildivii ofllic Clmn;!!, aiul its subordiiiatc nilor.s in wliri lover cliirit'
in wluitc'vcr n;i(i,.ii. iiihl«;r wliatever form of j^ovenmiciii they may livf!
It mi|) irs, also, OM tl.o part oJ the bishops of the Church, tlie paramount
<luty uj bvmg 111 .strict coiiimunioii witli tho See of Peter. Tlie iiitercoin-
muiiioii of the Apostolic See and of all the bishops of the Church,
should l..> mimterrupted and mitraiiin.elled, like the flowing and ebbing of
the ide. Who does not see, th.-n-fore, that th.; doetrine of the primacv
involves as a corollary the divine ri-ht of freedom of communication be-
tween the ilcadol the Ciiurch and its -.embers, thi; riglit of the supreme
Ton itf of hemg free and independent of any human power in the discharge
o the sublime tluties of his office. Such a freedom is an essential element
of Church government and discipline, and the Church is in its normal state
only when it enjoys it.

No\v, us a se'curity a.,d guarantee of this freedom ofaelion .,n the part
of the Sov.r."i,-ii Pontill, lie who established the primacy so disposed of
events as to prepar. tb.> way for tl„. temporal power of tlie Popes. He who
reads history arigbt, must see the fin-er of (iod in tlie gradual establish-
ment and consohdatiou of the temporal ,.ower, as the condition of the free-
dom und i.ulcpen.lence of the- Ilea.) of the Church in the di.,cliarge of his
sacre. duties Daniel saw is his vision of the night the whoJe divine plan,
ucc-ordiug to whieh empire was to give the way to empire, and kingdom was
o succed ki»g<lom, until the whole world should be gathere.l into the Ko-
n leiupiiv: When in the days of those kingdoms, the God of heaven
would raise up another kingdom wJiich should never be destroyed, but which
sh.^ d stand for ever." (Dan ii. 44.) !• ven so. the Christianltudent of il-
o.y may see how tfie Almighty Disposer of events, who upholds all things
by llie word of His power, so disposed of events and controlled the destinies
of nations us to prepare the way for the establishment of a principality

T. I 'n 1 T' r ' !7T ^'''-". k"'?' »"!*^<"^"^'1 exercise of that primacy which thi
Incai I ate God lad established in His Church, as the centre and principle
of unity of faith and the fountain of jurisdiction. During three hundred
years, the f hiirch was subjected to a most sanguinary persecution; her faith-
lu cl.i ,in u were slaiu by hundreds, and the soil of Kome was soddened
^^iTi. nnrtyrs' blood. During that dark period, (he ( bur, h, it is true, ac-
qni.cd prop..jty but not, of course,a civil principality ; and hence, the only
yvaj m ^^h.ch ,he Supren.e Pontiffs could vindicate U.eir libertv and inde-
I>.'n.I..!H e ^vas o retPe to tl>e gloom of the catacombs, or to slied their blood
oi tl... led M .f,o,d of martyrdom. But that was not the normal state of the
(h .>au> ( h.n-h i;,.rsernt.on had done its worst against it and utterlv
i^.bcl m its object. Hu.nan j.assions broke in angrv w^ves against the rock
of n<Ts imt in vam. The ( hnrch was built up.m'a rock, .uul though le
ram fd , an, the floods cam,-, ami the fempests'rage.l, it fell not. The vie -
(.ry of ( ons antine gav,- frcdom to our holy religion, eallcl her forth from
her hidmg places, and entliron.-d her in glorious basilicas and majestic tZ-
pc>. 1 li-i, I.eg.ni to manili'st itM-lf Ihe a.^tion of Divin,- Providence in

preparing tlioway rorlhcostahlislmientoftlieteiiipor.il power. Conslantinp,
after i?iviiig freecloni and protoLtioii to the ( hiircli, Ira.isfers the seat of em-
pire from lioine to the banks of the Bosphorus. " The same precincts,"
observes Count de Muistre, " could not contain the emperor and the Pontitf.
Constantiuc yichh'd up Rome to th>' Pope. From that time wc also observe
that the emperors seem no longer at home in Kornc: they resemble stran-
gers passing;; through and lodging there from time to time." At leiigtli, .he
period had arrivecl for the dc trnction of the Wotnaii empire and its guilty
capital— Pagan Home, the BaLylon of the Apocalypse. A < ry had go'ne up
against it from the Christian martyrs, an 1 was heard ; the iionr of its doom
had struck. The barbarians, burstinnf from their northern climes and savage
forests, swept ovor the empire with the might nnd impetuosity of an irre-
sistible inundation. The Uoinan legions were annihilated; the empire it-
self, the consolidation of centuries, was broken into fragments by many a
hard stroke : tunsione plurima. Rome's haughty gates were torn down and
carried away, and the city itself reduced to a " marblr wilderness." But
there was in that city a principle of vitality — the Papacy; and Christian
Rome, blessed with the Gospel of immortality, arose on the ruins of Pagan
Rome, and becomes the capital of " a kingdom whieli can never be destroy-
ed." Thfc feeble emperors of Constantinople were impotent to protect their
subjects, and the abandoned peoples of Rome and the adjoining countries
turned to the Pope f r protection, and elected him their sovereign. The
Supreme Magistracy was spontaneously transferred by the Roman Senate
and people to the Sovereign Pontiff, Gregory II., A. D. 730. " 'I he l)ishops
of Rome then \)Qc&me,de facto et dejure,the temporal as well as the spiritual
fathers of a free people, and after the loss of her legions and provinces,
Rome was again restored to honor and dominion. The Chair of Peter re-
placed the throne of the Ctesars ; the seat of empire became the sanctuary
of religion ; and had it not been for this new vital principle, whicli renova-
ted her decayed energies, Rome, like other cities of antiquity, like Thebes,
or Babylon, or Carthage, might have been blotted from the map of the earth,
verifying the awful foreboding of Luean, ' Fulnda nomen exit.' " (O'Dono-
van's Rome, Ancient and Modern, p. 68.) "The temporal power of the
Popes," says Gibbon, "is now confirmed by the reverence of a thousond
years, and their noblest title is the free choice of a people whom they had
redeemed from slavery.'" This necessarily r?,pid and imperfect sketch of
the way in which the temporal power of the Papacy was brought into ex-
istence, is sufficient to convince the impartial reader that this power is the
work of Providence : "Digitus Dei est hie." And with this work the lib-
erty of conscience and the independence of the Church have been provi-
dentially united for centuries. In the words of the illustrious Bishop of Or-
leans, " it is necessary to the spiritual securityof the Church and to our own,
that the Pope be free and independent, that this independence must be sove-
reign, that the Pope be free and that he appear free." And the Pope has
time and again asserted that his temporal sovereignty is, in the pre -^nt

.tate or society, neee^arv to h. ^E^^ ;;:iS "^S^^me^ :::' ^^
Head of the lunvcrsal t, hurch ; a. m, ),«»« g/««^ „_ ^^■ p.^.^ia put the
enemies of the Holy See ^-'^^-^X'X a letta 'to Voltaire: " The ea.y
case as ntrongly a« ^-«r^^«. """.I^ ^ ^"; '".^y be looked forward to. This
conquest of the Vapul State., he says m y potentate in

done, the -allium is ours ^"^ IvZT^/u sS«'f «/ «.o«^^»- ;;o«rr as the

Europe »'o»/r/ /.^' tvillmg to "'^^^''''Zv^J.Z.^^^^^^ set up a Patriarch ;

VuJ- W C/H■^s^^ All -ll|f-:;-^,^r„';;.VSy ot and we

by and by, each ruler vvil .^"';^ V .r«««n" r Li«" as well as a native

shall then have in each ''"g^>""' *^ ..'^ '^"'X^vital interests are bound

tongue." You see. Dearly Beloved ^'^^''^^J^' .^^t afl ts the happiness and

up with the Roman q"««^^7^,f"l^''^The nriWcy of the Pope is a divine
s^^iritual vvelfare ofe^e^y Ca^^^^^^^^^^^^^

institution ; the temporal .s"^y>'fe f. this sovereignty is a providential
condition of the f-eexercise of it d^^^^^ ,,d

rjry' CaTSru^l eL;MsTe;\";intereated in having it respected and

^^'"SuUhe revolutionists insi^ ^^I^J^ ^ !tfS':'X^
sovereignty, and of thereby. robbing the Catholic ^ J^^^^

spiritual freedom.wh.ch '^^';"^««P^!J*t^uSv their wicked designs by the
rfead of the Church and they seek to J»«t^ y ^^eir ^^^^ ^^^^^^J^^^ ^^^^,,

followins reasons : [a] R""^'' ''^\°"f J" Ij L'J Jtc. . Now, Rome never
want the Pontiff King and are mi^oven.ed. ^^ ^^^^ ^^ '^^ich Italy
belonged to luily. t was the cap a^^^^^^^^ ^„,, ,„ the

formed a P^r' but Vt "ever ntj, ^^^^^ j^^^^^

contrary,IUvly belonged to It, or tose .nonuments ol

Italy, and '^Iterwards th« discovered earth ^^^^^^^ world and its
Pagan Home were built at the ^x enj,c oi 4 ^^ ^ behming

(,rristian monuments ^ave l-en bml at the (^^^^^^ .atisiied with

tvorld. Komc belongs not to Italy. ""J, t c n ,^1 ruler. Does

their government, and do not want l'^.^^^; ff^^ ,Vd% ^)o the Govern-
rfollow from this that the Pope ^\«"'^.^r ^^^^^^^^^
.nents of Europe act upon the political doctrine tl^^at^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^

functions, when their «»»^J-;^« ^e^/ '^^^^ fa' in the case of Poland?
"P"" ''''^ ^'?r?'V%'lm3 B 1 1 e latpiiaralVaid ofthe revolutionists
Turkey, in tha of Candia ? ^^,7 "'^, 'f'^,f^tration that the liomans are emi-
on R<.man territory has proved t" ^ dtmo"sa^^a^^^^ ^r,dhme no love

„e,tly loyal, and ^hat they hejt.l de e^t U^^^^^^ ^^^ j^_^^^_ „i.tory re-
for, no sympathy with, the '^^''-^^''^''^'''^"^^^i/ed, more unjust proceeding
cords not, in her darkest g^' : ^ "i"\",X y by' a band of land-pirates.

Sr^;™tSnt JtSSkKX ^Ives which prompted it.

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Atlter all, Providence does not easily allow its work to be undone : " Fata
ytam pandent." Divine Providence will work itself a way through all the
intricacies of Stat^? craft, and through all hostile combinations ; and across
the passage of the execution of its decrees, adverse treaties and conventions
will lie in scattered scraps, tanqitam folia qua a venlocajnuntur, evidences
at once of the folly and short-sightedness of man, and of the irresistible
power and all-seeing wisdom of God. An old iioniiim legend hath it, that
" while the t olisseum stands, Home shall stand; and when the Colissenm
falls, Rome shall fall ; and when Rome falls, the world." With far greater
truth it might be said, that were the temporal power of the Papacy swept
away by the tide of revolution, then Hone would fall, with a thundering
crash, from its high eminence in the word; the moral order would be
grievously disturbed, for divine and human laws would be grievously vio-
lated. The sacied rights of conscience would be trampled in the dnst ;
the Christian world would be thrown into confusion ; and the light, that
shone far and wide thr ages, a beacon of hope to the weak and oppressed
of humanity, would disappear from uiiworlhv Italy. True, the Piipacv
must stand until the consummation of the world. As the sun, whether ris-
ing or setting, or in i.s meridian splendor, is still the sun; so the Pope, whe-
ther m Rome or in some islet of the sea, or an exile and stranger in some
distant land, would still be the Pope, (Prist's vicegerent on earth; and
from him would still radiate the light of truth over the C hurch. Hut the
Catholic world will never allow the Father of the Faithful to be an exile or
homeless wanderer, or yet. the subject of any earthly sovereign; and in spite
of the revolution, it will, please God, ever preserve to him the posi^on
which the providence of God, the choice of a free people, and the piety and
veneration of ages have assigned him. No ! Rome shall never fall ; it
shall ever remain the rivitas Dei, the city of the soul, the Sion of the new
dispensation, the sacred country of Christian millions, towards which not
only "the orphans of fae heart," but all the children of the Church, will
turn with hope and affection, will turn for safe guidance through the jour-
ney of time, and from which will ever flow the bright streams of saving
doctrines for the healing of the nations, like those waters of lif?, which Eze-
chiel saw in prophetic vision issuing from under the holy temple. lEze-
chiel chap, xlvii.j

But the merciful designs of Divine Providence may depend for their
fulfilment upon the prayers and worthy dispositions of those for whose ben-
efit they are intended. Had the Ninivites turned a deaf ear to the preach-
ing of Jonas, their city would have been destroyed. Had Jerusalem known
" the day of her visitation," its enemies would not have casta trench about
It and compassed it round, and straitened it on every side, and beat it flat to
the ground. And so it is our duty to pray that God may still protect the
Head of the Church and his civil sovereignty against the attacks of the
enemies of both. Prayer is all-powerful with God ; "if we ask the Father
anything m the name of Jesus, it will be given us." It was prayer that

I t

saved the people of God in the desert, that often gave victory to the arms
of Israel over their enemies. It was the prayers of the faithful that opene«l
for St. Peter the prison gates and set him free ; and hence, the Holy father,
in his late Encyclical, calls npon us in the most feeling terms to pray lor
hinx and the Holy Church : he says, —

« Amidst so many calamities and afHiciions tci which we and the Church are
.i.biected, as ihere is none other to combat for us but the Lord our God, we earnestly,
a.Min and again, entreat you, venerable brethren, to unite, m your devotedness and
ardent affection (or the Catholic cause, your most fervent prayers wnh ours ; and, to-
oether with your cler 'y and faithful people, to ..ffer your supplications to Go; , pray-
fng Him to be mindful of His eiernal mercies, lo avert His .nger from us, to liberate
Hi-s holy Church and us from so many evils, to assist and defend by His all powerful
iuin, the children of the same Church, most dear to us, who in a most every country,
but particularly in Italy and in tlie Russian empire, and in the iiingdom of Poland,
a e beset by so many snares and subjected to so many afHictions; to preserve, and
ionfirm, and strengthen them every day more and more in the profession ot the Ca-
tholic faith and its saving doctrines ; to dissipate the impious designs ol wiclied men,
and 10 withdraw our enemies from the abyss of iniquity unto the path of salvation,
and unto the observance of His commandments. Wherefore, we desire that, within
six momhs, or in foreign parts ^vithin a year, a public triduum shall be celebrated m
your dioceses ; and that the faithful may the more eagerly frequent and take part in
Uiese public prayers, we benignly grant a plenary indulgence to all the faithful who
assist at such pr"ayers on the i.fon-said three days, praying God according lo our in-
tention for the present n(>eessities of the Church, and approaching the holy sacraments
of Penance and the Euch-irist. Moreover, to such faithful as, with contrition of heart,
perform the prescribed works on one of the above days, we relax, in ihe usual form
of the Church, seven years and as many 'quadragenre ' of penances enjoined on them
or otherwise due for their mus. All which indulgences may be offered m suflrage lor
the souls of the futhful who departed this life in the friendship of their Creator.

Wherefore, to carry out the desires of the Holy Father, and in con-
formity with his wishes, we ordain as follows :

1st. The Triduum, or three days' prayer, shall be celebrated in each
of the churches and religious cominuMities of this diocese, between the
second Sunday of February, and the 17th of next October.

2nd. The devotiot s of the Triduum shall consist of the Litany of
Loretto, the Litany ot the Saints, and the Benediction of the Most Blessed
Sacrnnent; which devotions will take place immediately after last Ma^s
in those Churches to wrich the faithful could not conveniently come m
the evening.

3rd. The Holy Mass will be offered up on each day of the Triduum,
at the same hour as that on which the Pastors are wont to offer it up on Sun
days. Ou these days, the (Collect contra persecutores et male agentes will
be added to ihn other pnayers prescribed in the Mass. On eaxih day the
respective pastors shall take care that suitable instructionH be given to theu
people, and every opportunity afforded them of approaching the Sacraments,

-M

4th The clerev of conterminous missions will agree anongst them-
. i «; to the tS in which the rnrfuwrn will be celebrated in their re-
TpS r^sl^nHn o"^^^^^^ they may assist one another in preaching,
and in the administration of the Sacraments.

'Mh This Pastoral shall be read on the first Sunday after its reception,
in alf the churches o7the diocese, and in chapter in religious communities.

We earnestly exhort you, Dearly Beloved Brethren, to profit by the
devoJ^onsof the rrlum. and we W God to have you m His holy

^^'^Gi^ven at our Episcopal Residence, London, on the Feast of St. Igna-
tius BpIm.! the first day of February, A. D. 1868, under Our Hand and
Seal, and the counter signature of Our Secretary.

t JOHN, Bj) of Sandwich.

By order of His Lordship,

F. O. J. OuELLET, Priest, Secretary,