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BULLETIN (Special). Toronto, April 1900. 
 
 OXT.\l<]0 DRPAKTMIiNT or AiiKICl'LTlRi;. 
 
 liNSECTS AND PLANT DISEASES. 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS IN SPRAYING. 
 
 SOLUTIONS RECOMMENDED. 
 
 1. BORDKAUX MiXTURI. 
 
 Copper Bulphate 4 pound.. 
 
 Lime (fre«h) 4 •• 
 
 W'**'' y.'.'.::::::::::: 40g»iion.. 
 
 SoBpend the copper anlphate in four gallons of hot water. This may be 
 done by putting it in a bag of coarae material, and hanging it so aa to be covwed 
 by the water. Slake the lime in the same quantity of hot water 
 
 Dt, not at once mix the two solations thus made, bat proceed as follows — 
 Put one of the solutions in the barrel, add a few pails of water, then add the 
 other solution and bring it all np to 40 gallons. Use only fresh Bordeaux mix 
 
 should not be used until required for uie. Strain the solutions. 
 
 Only the best fresh slaked stone lime should be used. If the lime is good the 
 
 above amount IS likely to be sufficient. It is an easy matter to know howmuch 
 
 .ime IS required by using what is termed the ferro-cyanide of potassium test ThU 
 
 |Mbstanr«» can be got at any drugrlat's, and very little is required. Take a smaS 
 
 Itottle (2 oz.) and get it filled wiih a saturated"^ solution of this compound I 
 
 Ithere is not plenty of lime m your mixture, a drop of the test added to it turns 
 
 f brown. Add more lime and stir. As soon as the test fails to color in oominir 
 
 in contact with your mixture, it indicates there is sufficient lime present to 
 
 neutrahze the effects of the copper sulphate. Use wooden vessels in preparing 
 
 Ithe Bordeaux mixture. i'»«»f"""k 
 
 12 Ammoniacal Coppkr Oabbonate Solutiox ("Oupram"). 
 
 Copper carbonate 1 ^^^ 
 
 Strong ammonia sufficient to dissolve the copper carbonate 
 
 ^^ ^'**'^ lOgaltens. 
 
 This solution is not much used, and is recommended only in cases where tha 
 Mt u so far advanced that it would be disfigured by using the Bordeaux 
 ixture. 
 
 Paris Obibn Mixturb. 
 
 ^8^» ... 1 pound. 
 
 j!'*" 200gaUons. 
 
 ^»""« 16 lbs. freshly slaked. 
 
Uw 200 galloDB water in a mixtare for apple trees, 250 for plam treet, and 
 300 for poach trees. 
 
 4. Hkllkbore. 
 
 White hellebore (fresh) 1 ounce. 
 
 Water 3 gallons. 
 
 5. FVRBTBRdK. 
 
 Pyrethram powder (fresh) 1 onnce. 
 
 Water 4 gallons. 
 
 0. WnALB-Oii. Soap Solution. Dissolve 1 lb. James Good's oaastio potash 
 whale-oil soap No. 3 in 7 gallons of hot water. 
 
 7. Kborsenb £mDL8I0N. 
 
 Hard soap ^ pound, or soft soap 1 quart. 
 
 Boiling water (soft) '. 1 gallon. 
 
 Coal oil 2 gallons. 
 
 After dissolving the soap in the water, add the co»l oil and stir well for r> to 
 10 minutes. When properly mixed, it will adhere to glass without oiliness. A 
 syring or pump will aid much in thi^ work. In using, dilute with from 9 to lo 
 parts of water. Kerosene emulsion may be prepared with sour milk (1 gallon), 
 and coal oil (2 gallons), no soap being required. This will not keep long. 
 
 8. Tobacco Decoction. 
 
 Refuse tobacco 2 pounds. 
 
 Water 5 gallons. 
 
 Boil the mixture for 30 minutes or more, until a dark brown tca-colorfd 
 solution is obtained. Keep it covered until cool. It may then be used undiluted 
 for spraying infested plants. 
 
 Notes. 
 
 1. When there is danger of disfiRuring fruit with the Bordeaux mixture use 
 the ammoniacal copper carbonate solution. 
 
 2. Experience in opraying during the past three years indicates that it is beet 
 to use the combined insecticide and fungicide, commencing as soon as the buds 
 begin to swell, again when the leaves appear, and continue it at intervals of 10 
 to 15 days, until the trees have been sprayed 3 to 5 times, which will depend 
 upon the weather. In the case of a rainy season, it may be necessary to spray 
 at least five times, while if dry, and the mixtures have been allowed to remain 
 on the foliage, then three or four times may be sufficient. 
 
 In no case spray while the trees are in bloom, but immediately after. It is 
 contrary to law, and punishable by a fine of from $1 to $5. 
 
 3. The combined insecticide and fungicide, containing Paris green and 
 Bordeaux mixture, is to be used for insects that chew and injurious fungi, but 
 kerosene emulsion alone for those insects that suck the juices of plants, such as 
 
 apuio, luixp, iiru spiuci, uiutci' xuivr, Ujrsicr-Sliou uarK-IOUiO, OKU JOBd BOftle, etC. 
 
 "* 4. A stock solution for the preparation of Bordeaux mixture may be pre 
 pared as follows : Dissolve 25 pounds of copper sulphate in 25 gallons of water. 
 
8 
 
 One gAlloD of this conUini one poand of the copper aalphate. In another barrel 
 8l.ke 25 pounda of good lime, and add 1 2 > gallon, of water. One gallon of th? 
 contain, two pound, of lime. To make the mixtnre. take four gallon, of the 
 copper .ulphaU. w u ,on and two of the lime. If there i. any doubt aZt theJe 
 not being .uftcient lime, try the teat already referred to under^Bordeaux m xture 
 Now hU up the amount to 40 gallon, with water. Add four ounce. oivlZ 
 
 6. Prepare the mixture, well, apply them at the, proper time, and be a. 
 thorough a. poasible in the work. Three fourth, of the ao calM aprajinj 
 done 1. not apraying at all. The treea are only drenched. When .pr?,in« i! 
 
 the plant A great deal more of the mixture will remain on the plant wLn 
 
 . ^' u^^^l*'"""® "*'°.°'*^ ''^ '"'^ *° '*>« P°"P or barrel, and, after uaine clean 
 water ahould be pumped ao aa to clean the outfit. Thia i^ important, Ta^ome^f 
 the mixture, act chemically on the metal of the pump 
 
 more W^'editlLy ' '"^ '^°"''"- ^'^ '''"' ''^^ ^ ^^^^^ J""' ^ -" -<» much 
 
 other^^over!'''^ ^°"'""'' "'"*"''' °^ •'°'"'" *"'* ^•'°«'» °»« ''^•"^ »°«'» or 
 
 9. Ab niMt of the apraying mixtures are poiaonoua, care ahould be taken in 
 working with them. They ahuuld not be uaed when there ia any wound ir 
 abraaion of the skm expoaed. and care ahould be taken not to allow the apray to 
 «ttle on the handa or face, or to be inhaled. Arsenitea taken into the ayatem^y 
 absorption or inhalation produce aymptouia of poiaoning. In mild caaea they 
 reaemble the aymptoma produced by poisoning ; in Severe case*. heaSacheY 
 nauaej^ erup lona, boila and ulcer, are said to rea Jit. The dangeTfr^m araenUea 
 which are aolub^ in water auch a. London purple, are much greater thin from 
 Pan. green, which contain, very little waterlaoluble araenic. There ia mor^ 
 danger of poiaonicg by absorption when perspiring freely. However by taS 
 proper Precaution there need be little fear. A lelther iaaher aCut Cr ^S 
 m diameter .hould be fitted juat below the nozzle, which will prevent the d Ho 
 rom reaching the handa^ .la far as possible krep to windwafd of the nozZ 
 When much work is to be done, rubber gloves should be worn. The face and 
 exposed parts .hould be wa.hed immediately pfter apraying. 
 
 ...ini.^?' ^^V°[[' °' spraying with Bordeaux mixture is not very great. CoDoer 
 
 J^ E ; \'''/*'* 5"" •»°*"'y ^"^''^ " ^^^ °°Jy »^i"d ^hich should be used Wan 
 be had at from Cc. to 7c. per lb. by the barrel, and Paris green at from 1 5c to 
 30c. per lb. The cost for material to properly spray an average 8001" tree for 
 the entire Kason should not exceed from 6c. to 7c ^ ^^ 
 
 TREATMENT. 
 
 1. Applb Treatment for deetrovinff r.mUinn .m/.*a j..j ^.tt , , , 
 M«r. canktr worm, apple spot, haf bligl/, pisiol case-bearer "and'pZdery mZew 
 
 Firat spraying : Bordeaux mixture and Pari, green (4 oz. to the barrel of 
 the mixtnre) when the bud. are swelling. v « • »« me oarrei oi 
 
S«oond : Bordeaax mixtora and P»rii green before the bloMomi open. 
 
 Third : Bordeaaz mixture and Parii green when the bloMome have falkn 
 
 Fourth and fifth apraying : Bordeaux mixtare and Parii green at intervals 
 of ten to fifteen daya, if neoeaiary. 
 
 No definite date can be named after which it would be lafe to oeaie ipray 
 ing for apple scab. The orchard should be watched after the third or fourth 
 application, and the treatment again applied if loab appeara on the fruit or 
 leavea. Many apple growers who sprayed in 1897 until the end of June, and 
 neglected to watch their orchards afterward, lost heavily. The soab appeared 
 very late in the season last year, and all the experimental orchards were given 
 an extra application in the early part of July, which largely accounts for the 
 splendid rasnlte obtained. 
 
 We cannot always control the codling moths by spraying, especially in the 
 Southern section of Ontario where they continue to propagate long after the 
 regular spraying season is over. 
 
 To insure a clean crop of apples, if the codling moth is bad in your orchard, 
 in addition to spraying, use bandacres around the trees. Make them from foor 
 to six inches wide, three or four inches thick, of any kind of cloth. Old bags, 
 sacks, carpets, coarse material of any kind will do. Bands of straw and tow 
 have been used with some success. The first week in June, bind one around 
 each tree three or four feet from the ground ; secure it either with cord or 
 small nails ; take it off every fifteen days and dip in hot water ; or put it through 
 an ordinary clothes wringer, which may be attached to a wheelbarrow and taken 
 from tree to tree. Have sufficient pressure to crush all insects. 
 
 After a careful inspection in 1898 of badly infested trees, on which band- 
 ages were used, no cocoons were found except in the bandages, and in creviceg 
 of the bark under the bandages. It will take very careful inspection to find all 
 of them, as they are carefully concealed and very much resemble the bark. All 
 coarse, loose bark should be scraped from the trees in the early spring, as many 
 other enemies of the apple tree harbor there also. 
 
 The first brood of moths appear about the time apple trees bloom, and begin 
 depositing eggs as soon as the apples have formed on any part of the apple or 
 on the leaves or stem. Each moth lays from 80 to 100 eggs. The egg laying 
 period lasts from 8 to 1 2 days. The eggs hatch in from six to eight days. The 
 larva at once makes its way into the apple, where it remains from three to four 
 weeks, when it leavea the apple and locates in some suitable place to pass the 
 transformation stage, which is usually under or in the crevices of the coarie 
 bark of the tree from whence it came, but sometimes on fences, buildings or 
 rubbish, wherever it can find shelter. In one day it constructa a cocoon in 
 H hioh it enters its third or pupa stage. From this it emerges in from two to 
 three weeks a matured moth prepared to repeat its life history. The latter 
 broods remain it the ooooon in the larvte stage until the following spring. 
 
 2. Pkab. Ltat blight, scab, and codling moA, the same as for the apple. 
 
 8. Pldm. Cureulio, broum rot and lea/ blight. 
 
 First : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green before the flower buds open. 
 
 Ocwuu . xn/xucouA iiu&vuif7 auu a aim f^Lwu aa outru as uBo uovais usvc xaiicu. 
 
 Third : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green in seven to ten daya after. 
 Fourth spraying : Bordeaux mixture in ten to fifteen dayi after. 
 
 4. Pbaci 
 
 Spray at 
 mixture only 
 
 Fourth I 
 ing the fruit 
 
 In Kpray 
 fltrenglb may 
 only half stre 
 
 6. Cher 
 First spr 
 
 ing ; if aphis 
 Second : 
 Third : J 
 
 6 Orapi 
 First Spi 
 
 inch in diame 
 Second : 
 Third an 
 Paris G« 
 
 when the larv 
 
 7. Raspe 
 First: B 
 Second : 
 Third spi 
 
 8. CORR^ 
 
 First spri 
 
 soon as the lei 
 
 Second S] 
 
 For worn 
 
 9. TOMAT 
 
 Spray wij 
 times, if neces 
 
 10. POTA 
 
 First spri 
 100 gallons of 
 
 Second sf 
 inches high. 
 
 Thii^ and 
 days, if necess 
 
 Spraying 
 «nd the rottini 
 
 11. Cabb 
 Pyrethrui 
 
 on (one part p; 
 
 12. Stbai 
 Bordeaux 
 
 will control thi 
 After they begi 
 
hkve fallbn 
 •t iatarvals 
 
 seue ipray- 
 1 or foarth 
 le frnit or 
 f June, and 
 b Appeared 
 were given 
 Dti for the 
 
 a\\j in the 
 g after the 
 
 mr orchard, 
 \ from foor 
 Old bags, 
 w and tow 
 one around 
 th cord or 
 t it through 
 r and taken 
 
 hioh band- 
 in crevices 
 to find all 
 bark. All 
 g, as many 
 
 I, and begin 
 9 apple or 
 egg laying 
 days. The 
 iree to four 
 o pass the 
 
 the coarie 
 aildinga or 
 
 cocoon in 
 'om two to 
 
 The latter 
 bg. 
 
 he apple. 
 
 I open. 
 I *-ii« 
 
 USVC IBilc 
 
 4. Peach. Brown fu it rot, l«af blight, plum curcvlio and peach eurL 
 
 Spray at first ai in case of plum, but after growth burins make Bordeaux 
 Diiztare only of half strength. 
 
 Fourth spraying : Ammoniaoal copper carbonate, if any danger of disfisur- 
 mg the fruit with Bordeaux mixture. 
 
 In spraying peach trees for curl leaf or peach rot Bordeaux mixture full 
 dtrenglh may be used while the tree is dormant. After growth besins use it 
 only half strength. 
 
 6. CtiERRT. Aphis, $tug, hron-n rot and It-af blight. 
 
 First spraying : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green as the bods are break- 
 ing ; if aphta appears use kerosene emulsion alone or whale-oil soap. 
 
 Second : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green as soon as the blossoms fall. 
 Third : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green ten to fifteen days after. 
 6 Orai'M. MiUhw. black rot, Jim haetle, and leaf-eating inaicts. 
 
 . . . "■?' ^P'*y^°8 : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green when the leaves are one 
 mob m diameter. 
 
 Second : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green when flowers have fallen. 
 Third and foarth : Bordeaux mixture at intervals of ten to fifteen days. 
 Paris Green alone when tli" beetle is attacking the buds in the spring, or 
 when the larva is attacking the leaves in summer. 
 
 7. Raspbbrry. Anthraeno8«, lea/ blight and aaw/hj larvte. 
 
 First : Bordeaux mixture and i'aris Green just before growth begins. 
 Second : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green about when first blossoms open. 
 Third spraying : Bordeaux mixture when the fruit is gathered. 
 
 8. Currant and Gooskiierrt. Worms and mild^.n-. 
 
 First spraying : Potassium sulphide, Bordeaux mixture and Paris green as 
 soon as the leaves expand. 
 
 Second spraying : The same ten to fifi .. days later. 
 
 For worms alone, hellebore or Paris greei will be effective. 
 
 9. Tomato. Rot and blight. 
 
 Spray with Bordeaux mixture, as soon as rot or blight appears, for three 
 times, if necessary, at intervals of ten to fifteen days. 
 
 10. Potato. Blight and bestlea. 
 
 ,^^ ^'"' "Pf'y'OK : Paris green as soon as the beetles appear (one pound to 
 100 gallons of water). '^ 
 
 Second spraying : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green when plants are six 
 inches high. 
 
 Third and fourth sprayings : Bordeaux mixture at intervals of ten to fifteen 
 days, if necessary. 
 
 Spraying with Bordeaux mixture will prevent the blighting of the planU 
 •nd the rotting of the tubers. " o r 
 
 11. Cabbaqb Worm. 
 
 Pyrethrum applied in solution (one ounce to four gallons of water) or dcrted 
 on (one part pyrethrum to seven parts flour) for the cabbage worm. 
 
 12. Strawberry. The tmt or Uaf blight, 
 
 Bordeaux mixture, when it can be applied without disfiguring the fruit, 
 will control this disease. Apply at intervals of two or three weeks on new beds 
 after they begin to make runners. 
 
 1 
 

 
 INJURIOUS IN8E0T8. 
 Th« following ars lome of the rnont common injarious inaecta that .r^ 
 
 rfun«o.TnJ.. !; J ^"*J *""**■ "■* ^"'J' •"» »n''«<'t*ci«»^ »>ut if treating for 
 » fungoid peat at the nme time a>e » combined fongicide and inwHsticide. 
 
 1. Tbnt OATmv\LLABa.-auiocami,aA»ierirana and C. dUttria. 
 
 Tent Caterpillar : a and '.. caterpillarN ; c effs 
 cluster ; '/, cocoon. 
 
 Tent Caterpillar .Moth. 
 
 These inaecta weave large 
 webs in the branchoa of the apple 
 tree and do much damage feed 
 ing upon the foliage of the treea 
 They alao attack the plum and 
 cherry. The egga— 200 to 300 
 — »re laid in nnga upon the 
 twigs of the frees and can be 
 readily aeen, ao that many of 
 them might be easily deatroyed 
 daring the winter. The cater 
 pillars grow rapidly. Amerieum 
 haa a white strip down the back, 
 and diastria a aeriea of white 
 apota, and thua they are readily 
 diatinguiahed from each other, 
 Both develop into brown motha 
 The accompanying cut repreaenU 
 the different stages of the inaects, 
 C. Americana. 
 
 wl.«/rff*'^#~^: ^°n^^ *''® ^«« *'^'"'«'' »° ^>'^*'"" 2. Oraah the " tents 
 mUtare *'**«'^P'"»"- 3. Apply Paria green with lime or with Bordeaux 
 
 .alia J?^r""? caterpillars mature in the fall and remain dormant in the e« 
 Thlv ha^^^K^''"^'"' "'^'''T *»»«y «'»«'•«« daring the first warm days of sprin? 
 They have been discovered on the bads aa early as the fifteenth of April wak 
 mg for the yoang leaves to appear. If the tree i« sprayed with ptris 1 „ 
 mixtare at this period their destruction is almost certain. * 
 
 of dealing with .h, ^.i«.-c.-..rSu™;;iii;r»r.7ro"7rhr3,rz 
 
 I. These make their home orimarilv in tho fnp<»f. -k— ,. u 
 
 orchards and lawns. „.„ „„^„ 
 
 is impossible to clear off the egg-maaaea. 
 
 ate of^IeaJ^ltJr" »^°y^l be sprayed, as soon aa leaves are opened, with araen- 
 ate of lead aolation, made by dissolving in a wooden paU threJ. ounces of acetate 
 
« 
 
 o( le*d m one quart of water, and in another wooden pail dinolve one oanoe of 
 arsenate of eoda in one pint of water ; empty tLo oontonta of «aob of the pails 
 mto a barrel of water (40 gallon.) Stir well ami add one quart of gluJoee. 
 Tar bands, moreover, should be placed around the trunks, and pyrethrum powder 
 may be used to advantage about the tree. k « "^ 
 
 2. Tiiit Tussock Moth —Orgyia UncoHiqmn 
 
 ;4 
 
 Tun»ock Moth : It, wioKlesH fumale on maM of 
 egrgH ; b, oaterpilUr ; r, female pupa ; -f, male pupa ; 
 «, male moth ; f, full (jrown caterpillar. 
 
 The caterpillar of the TuBSock Moth is very destructive some years, but 
 with care the trees may be kept quite free from its ravages. The white, froth- 
 like masses of eggs, which remain over winter on the trunks and larger branches, 
 and even ^n buildings and fences near by, may be scraped off and destroyed 
 during iv.-c .7inter. If a few survive this treatment to show themselves a8 larva- 
 spraying with Paris green will kill most 
 of them. The bands of tar brushed on 
 the trunks three or four feet from the 
 ground will prevent the wingless female 
 from ascending the trees to lay her eggs. 
 
 3. Codling Moth.— Carpocapga pomonella. 
 The eggs of this tiny moth are laid on 
 the leaves and stems and sometimes on the 
 skin of the young apple. As soon as 
 hatched the larva burrows into the apple, 
 where it feeds until fully developed. 
 Affected apples fall to the ground, and 
 often contain the worm in them. The 
 
 cocoons are frequently under the bark and 
 
 in other sheUered sncta. 
 
 The moth appears about the time the 
 trees are in bloom, and is one of the worst 
 pests that attacks the apple. 
 
 tP«||(?t 
 
 CodliDR Moth : (t, burruw ; 6, eatrance hole ; 
 d, pupa ; f, larva ; f, moth. 
 
When the bloMomi have jast fallen the calyx leAvea are widelT opened. It 
 ia claimed by Mme of the beat authoritica that thia ia oar beat chance to 
 deal an effective blow at the flrat brood of larvw of codling moth, which 
 uaua ly enter the apple at thia point. The treea ahoald be thoroughly iprayed 
 with n a week after the bloaaoma have fallen that a qaantity of poiaon may 
 reat in the calyx cap and be protected by the leaves which cloae up rapidly and 
 r.'tain it for the firat meal of the larva, If thia spraying ia followed by rain it 
 will be necessary to repeat the application. 
 
 H<tm«<ly—\. Feed the fallen applea which may conUin larva. 2. Spray with 
 Uordeaax mixture and Paris green, as directed for the treatment of the apple. 
 4. Canker Wohmb. — Anisopierifx vtrnata and A. potnetaria. 
 
 »^B^ ^VHS^^ '^^ 'Pftog canker worm waa very common in 
 
 fi^ B?- — i"''^ l^^^- ^^^ worms are much alike, about an iooh 
 ^B^ Byfi S ^°^^' °' ^ darkiah brown color, alender, and move 
 wtersaa^ with a hoop like motion, hence, sometimes called 
 " nieaduriug worms." They can drop from a tree 
 by a silken thread. 
 
 A. vemata, the moths, appear in ipring ; the 
 ^^_, ^ ^ „ jt fem*le is wingless, the male ia aahoolored and has 
 
 Jf^^ wings. A. potmtaria is much the same, but the 
 
 C»nker \V.in« (/) and egg* («, '/, r.) moths aptear in the fall. The wingless femalea in 
 both species crawl up the trunks to lay 
 their eggs npon the twigs. 
 
 These insects attack the plum, cherry 
 and apple. The accompanying cuta illus- 
 trate A. vemata, 
 
 R«inedy—\. The females may b a trap- 
 ped by putting a band of some adhesive 
 material around the tree. 
 
 2. Paris green is an effective remedy, as directed in the treatment of the 
 apple, if used in time. If the worms are full grown and nnmeroup, use six 
 ounces of Paris green instead of four. 
 
 3. Tree collars. 
 
 5. Oystkr-shkll Bark-Loubb.— i/if<i7a«/M« ftomorum. 
 
 Thia insect appeara in the form of minute brown scale upon the bark of the 
 apple tree, and being much the same color is difficult to distinguish. The effss are 
 beneath the scales. They hatch about 
 the end of May or the beginning of 
 Jane. The young lice are almost in- 
 visible; they seek the ends of the 
 yoang twigs, where they become 6xed, 
 
 «nd continue to suck the juice from the o_.t^, qu-ii r..i, t 
 
 twig^ Soon a scale forms over them. Oyter-8h,ll Bark-Lou^. 
 
 All scales the ehape of an oyster-shell are females, and their eggs are laid under 
 the scale. The scale of the male is more oblong and is rarely seen. 
 
 ♦«,«if^r^^"'\« \ **''L*"'' ^••."'^ly "Pring. "crape ott the rough i>ark from the 
 trunk and large limbi, and rub in with a scrubbing brash the following eolation : 
 One quart soft soap, or one quarter poand hard, in two qaarts boUUig water ; 
 
 Canker MotI » : u, male ; 6, female. 
 
I'emr trre hIuk, vwioui nite». 
 
 6, P«Aa Tmk 8lc«j — irr»o««am;>a cfirati, 
 Thii iDMot may be foond .tUcking the pe*r, plum and cherry. 
 
 The eggi are laid aboat June. The 
 larva ia about onehklf inch in length 
 and it thicker towardii the hfad, of a 
 ■omewhatgreeniah black color and •limy. 
 It ha« many lega. The pupa itage is 
 spent in the ground and laatH two week>. 
 The imago is a amall, four winged black 
 fly. The alug feeds on the up|)er sur- 
 face of thr l.af. It was quite common 
 daring 1896. 
 ^«m«(/2/._Spraying with Bordeaux mixture aud Paris areen hellebore nr 
 pyrethruiD, in the common proportions. *^ ' ''''"®'^'*' °' 
 
 tive a?t'he LVbTf ^T^ •»~°'t»'e middle of July which is quite a. destruc 
 wXn'Xn^a^d'mfddle'r/nir' ^'^--^ B"<^-" -d Lis green fim 
 
 7. Pldm OvRcvuo.—ConotracheluH nenuphar. 
 !n ♦i.I«7'' *' °u *''»«°V*"'"«' known than this little beetle. The egg is deposited 
 
 a b-ac^ humlon Z° -5.7''/ «'7'"^' **««*'"• °°«fi'^»> °' «"> *°«»^ »o°8. with 
 stou^ bodv Th? bi!l^ S' fu' "*'^ '''•^^ '""• ^' '^•' • «"'^«d snout and a 
 !nd an^; i„ tK„ ^ ^l themselves during the winter in sheltered spots, 
 ana appear m the spring about the time the - ^ 
 
 trees are in bloom. This insect is also found 
 upon the cherry, peach, and even apple. The 
 curcnlio works on the fruit for about eighteen 
 nays only. 
 
 Semedy.—l. Jarring the trees morning and 
 evening. At this time many beetles will drop 
 and may be collected on a sheet placed below. 
 
 2. Gather and destroy the affected plums as 
 they fall. *^ 
 
 3. Spray with Bordeaux mixture and Paris 
 green as directed for the treatment of the plum 
 Spray once before the trees bloom, again as soon 
 as the petals fall, and repeat about a week after 
 
 Plum ' Curcnlio : o, jf,ub • b and 
 e, beetle ; d, egg laying on plum. 
 
 8. To Protect the Peach Tbeb kbom the Borer 
 th« J±.!r'il'!!-°/.^.!''1r/'<>'»,*f»'-*-'* ^'-hlime. add water antil it ha. 
 
 littl. ., m.k. . fj^t j,b. Apply Clrt^Ts^ S fZ!^ *"°""' ""^ " 
 
 - J 
 
10 
 
 9. OuBRANT Wotiit.—NematuB ribesii. 
 
 Currant Worms and the Saw Flies to which they change. 
 
 This insect ia very troublesome upon currant and gooseberry bushes. It 
 lays its eggs early in the spring, on the under side of the leaves, in rows along 
 the veins. These hatch in about ten days, and the young worms appear. The 
 larva, when full grown, is about three quarters of an inch in length, of a green- 
 ish cc !op, with dark spots, and has many legs. It spins a brown cocoon, of paper- 
 like texture, which is found sometimes on the ground among the dried leaves, 
 or on the bueh, attached to the stems or leaves. Thib represents the pupa con 
 dition. 
 
 The imago appears in about two weeks after the pupa stage has been 
 entered. The male is much smaller than the female, the body black, with some 
 yellow spots above, while in the 
 female the body is mostly yellow. 
 Both have four membranous wings. 
 A second brood is of common oo- 
 oarrence. 
 
 Hemedies. — 1. Hellebore, one 
 ounce in three gallons of water. It 
 may also be applied as a dry pow- 
 der, mixing it with three or four 
 parts of flour. 
 
 2. Paris green for the first 
 brood, but care must be taken not 
 to continue this if the fruit is likely 
 to be affected. 
 
 10. Qbape-Vinb Beetle. — Hallica 
 chalybea. 
 
 The egga are deposited on the 
 under side of the leaves. The 
 larva is about one- third of an 
 
 inch long 
 dition is 
 The 
 passes tl 
 is very ( 
 larval ooi 
 
 Rem 
 combined 
 
 2, E 
 
 3. Ji 
 
 The, 
 tree. Th 
 about thri 
 shallow c{ 
 bark and 
 cuts a pas 
 
 Roun 
 In this cha 
 it is' an inc! 
 borer, whic 
 The in 
 on the wini 
 
11 
 
 Moh long, browniib, with levertl black dota on the bodv Thl . 
 
 d.t..n i. p«ed in th, ground, .nd oontinae. L .bo.t\re, ^^e^' ""°" 
 
 J, Dast pyrethram powder upon the vines attacked. 
 3. Jarring the vines in the morning and collecting the beetles. 
 11, RouND-HsADBD BowiR.~Saperda Candida. 
 tr«e ThlT '"^ ^T''-^^^ about June, near the base of the trunk of the annle 
 
 £S°^dTniio;jit:tT-r.:'i^ rx ri- r -v» '^' 
 
 Win i 
 
 In thif^r.nnT>' ""T" ^r ^""'' ''^"■'" ^"'^"" = "' '"^- ' *' P^P'' = ". beetle. 
 
 in tliiB channel it enters the pupa stase about anrinir W».^„ *-i j i ^ 
 
 o. .h^^i^^r.* SdtngtoSi5":it!:°vi*^^^ 
 
 12. Flat-Headed Borer.— CAryso6o</.m /smorato. 
 This insect also attacks the trunk of the apple 
 tree, but it lays its eggs higher up the tree than the pre- 
 ceding one. The larva is a pale yellow, an inch long, 
 and has a well-marked flat head, much wider than 
 tnebody. It is sometimes found even in the limbs, 
 and is not so long in developing as the round-headed 
 borer. It cuts flat channels in the sapwood, and 
 -. ometimes girdles the tree. Castings and discolored 
 bark indicate its presence. It finally bores into the 
 
 ' a\i! — ' "'"' '-"''""*'=° » p^pa for about two weeks, 
 and then emerges as an imago about half an inch lona. 
 somewhat flat, and of a greenish black color, with 
 tnree rawed lines on each wing-cover. The legs and 
 under side of the body present a coppery lustre. 
 
 Flat-Headed Apple Tree 
 Borer, Chrysobothnt femora- 
 it Fabr : a, larva ; 6, beetle. 
 
12 
 
 Remedies.— I. Examine the trees in autumn, and where the sawdust-like 
 oastings indicate the presence of the " borer," a stifl wire may be pushed in and 
 the larva killed, or sometimes the larva can be out out with a knife. 
 
 2. About the beginning of June, apply the following mixture to the trunk 
 of the tree ; one pound of hard soap, or one quart soft in two gallons of water ; 
 heat to boiling, and add one pint crude carbolic acid ; make a second applica- 
 tion in three weeks. This can be well done by using an old scrubbing brush to 
 rub it in. 
 
 13, The Pbab Trbk Psylla — Psylla pyricola. 
 
 The immature tn««c<— These curious, minute, oval, immature forms are 
 called nymphs. The newly-hatched ones are yellow in color, with crimson eyes 
 
 and can scarcely be seen with the unaided eye. 
 Duting their growth they gradually acquire the 
 black markings shown in the figure, and beoonae 
 tinged with red. A very conspicuous feature in 
 the full grown nymph is the large black wing- 
 pads on each side of the body. 
 
 The adult insect. — In this form the insect 
 strikingly resembles a cicada or dog-day harvest- 
 Hy in miniature. Its general color is orimson 
 with broad black bands across the abdomen. Its 
 thickened femora enable it to jump like a ilea. 
 In the male insect the abdomen terminates in a 
 large trough-shaped segment from which pro- 
 ject upward three narrow copulating organs ; 
 Full-grown nmph'of the pear pniiJa, the end of the abdomen of the female resembles 
 
 ventral view, greatly enlarged. a bird's beak. 
 
 Remsdy.—0\xT experiments in 1892 showed that the nymphs in all stages 
 were quickly killed by kerosene emulsion.* Others who have tested it thor- 
 oughly report success. 
 
 Usually most of the damage is done in this State by the first brood of 
 nymphs before June 15bh. It is therefore very important that the insect should 
 be checked early in the season. We now advise using the 
 emulsion diluted with about fifteen parts of water, instead of 
 with twenty-five, as it is more effective against the nymphs, 
 and it will also kill the adult insects. As the nymphs begin 
 to hatch just as the leaves are expanding, then is the time to 
 begin spraying ; about May 15th is usually the time in i^is 
 State. Where they are numerous, a second or third spraying 
 will be necessary. The emulsion must be applied liberally 
 and thoroughly : it will not injure the tree in the least. It is 
 much more difficult to fight the insect later in the summer, 
 when the tree is in full foliage and many of the nymphs are 
 covered with honey-dew. Watch for their appearance on the 
 unfolding leaves in the spring and act promptly. Spray t«o 
 or three times in a week if necessary; make every effort to pre- 
 vent the development of a second brood. 
 
 pyriKdln, thf 
 adult innect, much 
 enlarged. 
 
 The 
 trunks ai 
 least five 
 the adult 
 whale oil 
 believe ic 
 
 This 
 •ometimei 
 
 I 
 
 Apple Tree 
 oceltana ; 
 pupa. 
 middle; t 
 an inch ac 
 blackberry 
 
 Heme 
 ment of tl 
 
 IheJ 
 either pun 
 
 ^ 
 
 (*rrom Cornell University Agricultural Experimentol Station Bulletin No. 108.) 
 
 Fall Web- 
 
 and the ooi 
 ated with < 
 
 The Si 
 other r»rj,e 
 throughout 
 fluffy 
 
13 
 
 Th9 Adults— In Bolletin 44 we laggeated that a thorough washing of the 
 trnnks and larger branches of the trees in winter with kerosene emalsion (at 
 least five per cent kerosene), or a strong soap solntion, would destroy many of 
 the adults in hibernation in the crevices of the bark. It is reported that a 
 whale oil soap solution, has been thus used very effectively in New Jersey. We 
 believe ic is a practical method, and should be practised in infected orchards. 
 
 14. Bud Moth. — Tmetocera ocellana. 
 
 This insect is fond of attacking both leaf and flower buds upon the apple, and 
 
 sometimes proves very injurious. The half-grown larva winters over and appears 
 
 \^ ^ in spring as a small brown caterpillar, just about 
 
 the time the buds begin to open, and feeds upon 
 
 them. It measures about half an inch when full 
 
 grown. By rolling up one side of a leaf, and 
 
 securely fastening it with silken threads, it forma 
 
 a tube in which it enters the pupa stage, having 
 
 ^ lined the little chamber with a closely woven layer 
 
 of silk. This condition lasts ten days. The imago 
 
 A.,«i« rp n J nr ..u m . ^ a small moth, resembling the oodlins moth in 
 Apple Tree Bud Moth, r»ietocfra _}„ -«J #«-„ t* j- -« l "" *"8 "•"«'"»« 
 
 oceltanu; a, moth; 6, larva; c,^"® *"** '°""- I' " " ^^ ash-gray color. The 
 pupa. front wings have a whitish-gray band across the 
 
 middle ; the hind wings are a dusty brown. The expanded wings measure half 
 an inch across. It also attacks pear, plum, cherry, quince and peach trees and 
 blackberry buds. ' 
 
 Remedy.— FAtia green added to Bordeaux mixture as directed for the treat- 
 ment of the apple. 
 
 15. Thk Fall WebWorm.— FypAon^rta cunea. 
 
 The Fall Web- Worm is another serious pest of shade trees. The moth is 
 either pure white, or white spotted with black, and is a very pretty creature. 
 
 It lays a cluster of 300 or 400 eggs on 
 
 the leaves. The caterpillars feed in 
 
 colonies, and each colony spins a web 
 
 wherever it feeds. When full grown, 
 
 the caterpillars leave the web and crawl 
 
 down the trunk to the ground to spin 
 
 their cocoons, within which they pass 
 
 the winter as pupse. Several methods 
 
 may be adopted to rid the trees of the 
 
 pest. The collection of the cocoons, and 
 
 the spraying with Paris green are both 
 
 Pall Web-Wonn-o, caterpillar ; b. pnpa ; elective, bat perhaps, the most effective 
 
 e, moth. mode of treatment is to bum the weba 
 
 and the contained caterpillars. A long pole, to the end of which a swab satur- 
 
 ated with ooal oil is fastened, makes a good torch for burning the webs. 
 
 16. The Sprucb Gall Louse. — Chermes abietia. 
 
 Thi> Spruce QaU Louee is undoubtedly a serious pest of the white and* 
 other r{ir?;eties of spruce. Daring the last few yean it has done much damage 
 throughoat the Province. In early spring, aboat the first week in May, woolly, 
 fluffy masses may be seen on the terminal twigs of the spnioe, and if theae boi 
 
14 
 
 Zdieme lY^L^Zl' V!if««' '" ^ '°"°^- !«» »'»'>'»'«' '^e^k the lice hatch, 
 
 llrl Taehi^^jJ'Ji'r^^^ '«>" -'»°'' the characteristic 
 
 ^urj. Aoe base of every infested leaf becomes enlarffed and sail-like Th« Ur 
 •vae are s.fe from insecticides as they now live withif ?hrb.fe of the leal 
 
 
 If tl 
 tobacco w 
 killed. 1 
 lice make 
 
 17. As 
 
 A spa 
 in the Ni 
 spotted ac 
 
 The 
 
 beetle, w 
 latter is a 
 spots. 
 
 The I 
 the first 
 deposit eg 
 grabs wb 
 in a week 
 ble some)! 
 potato bee 
 of yellow 
 nearly tw 
 asparagns 
 adult beetl 
 
 Bemei 
 as to force 
 every few 
 
 2. So 
 as traps, a: 
 the grubs c 
 
 In all 
 ounces to t 
 
 18 
 
 Thise 
 by three di 
 the juices ( 
 is diiS5cult 
 
 R«mea 
 insects cam 
 
 2, Spi 
 whale oil sc 
 day. 
 
 *•-ws.?:stir;trrSiJ.•■?■-al/&proiiJ=;s^^^,!- 
 
15 
 
 If the trees are sprayed thoroughly with a mixture of soap oolution and 
 l^StS*^ tL" "^ "*i°'' "'L*' S\^«8" are observed, most of the yonng lice will be 
 killed. The operation shoald be repeated in August, when the second brood of 
 lice make their appearance. 
 
 17. AsPABAGtJB BKBTLES.-CriocenV Aaparagi and Crioeeris ^punctata. 
 
 Asparagus beetles.-Two ne r pests of the asparagns have arrived in Ontario 
 *5« Niagara region during the past year. These are the common and the 12- 
 spotted asparagus beetles. 
 
 The former is a steel-blue 
 beetle, with white spots, and the 
 latter is a reddish beetle with black 
 spots. 
 
 The adult beetles appear about 
 the first week o! May, and soon 
 deposit eggs on the shoots. The 
 grubs which hatch from the eggs 
 in a week aie slug like, and resem- 
 ble somewhat the grubs of the 
 potato beetle, but are grey instead 
 
 near^t^o wLt fn°^th/l^^°'' ,, twelve Spotted Asparagus Beetle ((7.^«W, 
 nearly two weeks on the tender ^i'/)uncfa<a); o, adult beetle; 6, full-grown larva. 
 asparagus shoots, when they change into the pupa state. Ten days later the 
 adult beetles emerge from the ground and begin to lay eggs for a second brood. 
 
 Semediea.—l. AH asparagus plants should be cut down in early sprine ao 
 as to force the beetles to lay their eggs on the new shoots which are cut regularly 
 every few days. In this way the eggs have not time to hatch. 
 
 2. Some shoots may be allowed to grow during the cutting reason to serve 
 as traps and at intervals sprayed with Paris Green, or cut and burned before 
 the grubs develop. ««'»*/» ^ 
 
 In all cases the beds should be thoroughly sprayed with Paris Green ^ 
 ounces to a barrel of water) at the close of the cutting season. 
 
 18. Thk Gbapb-Lbap Hopper ob Tnmp.—Erythroneura vUis. 
 This small insect, about an eighth of an inch long, of a white color, marked 
 by three dark bauds, is sometimes troublesome on grape vines. It feeds upon 
 • ^J^*"^! ?' the plant, and is usually upon the underside of the leaf, where it 
 18 dimcult to reach m spraying. 
 
 /?flm«rfy.—l. Remove fallen foliage at the close of the season, so that the 
 insects cannot find shelter during the winter. 
 
 2. Spray with kerosene emulsion diluted with ten parts water, or with 
 whale oil soap solution, on the under side of the leaves in the cooler part of the 
 
 19. Rbd Spidbb. — Tetranychus telarius. 
 
 The red spider is a very small insect— a trufl mite— an** in "«!n° p'-'-es is 
 very destructive. It sucks the juices of the plants attacked, and c4usm the 
 color of the leaf to change from green to a grayish white. It flourishes in a dry 
 atmosphere and lii sunny places ; shade and moisture are not favorable to ita 
 development. , , . 
 
16 
 
 plantf moht "^" ^^"^ "'^^ °'**' ""**'*' ^^ ^~P '^'^ •tmotphere about the 
 2. Spraying with kerosene emalaion ihoald alio be followed by good retulti. 
 20. Plant Lice.— A pkidai. 
 
 c^:'oIZ^:Vof.^{'^''' tr/.^'Jh'eVa^^el^siSJ'li ttettZS'iL* 
 oraoki of the bark of the twigg and around the bada. When depoxited thev are 
 a greenish color but pw gradually darker until they are a shinlS^bUck 
 u« ♦ *7 *^°*' *"* **•* '?""« J"' *" **»« »'°'J" »~ swelling, and the tikv Uce 
 S 2:;r^7' "P^" t^« t«df .«d «pon the underside S the younXv« 
 I^th oZt 'n-ir'' ^i*""* «»»king it difficult to treat them. tU SiS 
 sT^ta*^ ^ ^' "•'^ considerable damage to the foliage Ind young 
 
 i?«»Mrf^.— Spray with kerosene emulsion, whale-oil bosd solntinn a- 
 tobacco decoction as soon as the lice hatch, being caref ir o t^Sch ?ver^one of 
 them, as these substances kill only by contact. everyone of 
 
 21. The Clover Mite,— Bryobia pratenaia, Gorman. 
 
 .,nf ?°"°8 .^''^ '^jpte' tl^ew may be seen upon the branches, around the 
 crotches, and sometimes covering the trunks of trees, massesTraTherlarce 
 round, reddish eggs. These are the eggs of the clover Tue, and are v?rv 
 numerous in some Ontario orchards this /ear. The mites hatch Ibout the month 
 
 ke^uij^sr^iSr^^s^jzr^ 
 
 any of the remedies given for plant lice. n»oonea use 
 
 22. San .Tobb Scale, 
 A special illustrated bulletin on the San Jose and other scale inse^it. ha« 
 
 INJURIOUS FUNGI. 
 
 The usual Ufehiatory of a parasitic fungus is, that it arises from a snore 
 wboh ismioroscopio; this germinates and gives rise to threadlike strnoJS^I! 
 
 whSi ^kY?: ^""^ "«»;uotu«^« in time spores are produced, as new sourwi f™u. 
 SLi StlkeT ""^ '^ '^^ °°'''*"' ^ ^* "J"™"" *^ *»»« vitaU^of °h" 
 
 The following are a.aong the most injurioiu fungi that affect the products of 
 Uie Sjrfen and orchard. Th« can be readily oontrSed by the pwiTaroHca 
 Uon of Bordeaux mixture, as directed : proper appiica 
 
 This 
 on the fn 
 the spots 
 
 This 
 small pim 
 stunted. 
 
 Attac 
 at first, th 
 mified" K 
 fruit shoal 
 the disease 
 
 This i 
 patches, wi 
 spots with 
 burning. 
 
 This d 
 
 leaves of th 
 somewhat | 
 and check I 
 
 This m 
 warm, dry a 
 are covered 
 spraying wit 
 
 This fu 
 affecting the 
 
 This fuE 
 it perfectly. 
 
 Rbmbov, 
 
 branch two o 
 
 the knot afte 
 
 tnre to prove; 
 
 2 
 
re about the 
 {ood reiulte. 
 
 tfl and tre«a. 
 'his tnali, is 
 I aatumn in 
 ted they are 
 •lack. 
 
 le tiny lice 
 >ang leaves, 
 7 moltiply 
 and young 
 
 lolation or 
 everyone of 
 
 uroand the 
 ther large, 
 are very 
 the month 
 assume an 
 
 one of the 
 Mh, plum, 
 
 inter with 
 ktohed use 
 
 iseuts has 
 f yon are 
 
 a spore 
 itruotures 
 nourish- 
 roes froid 
 ity of the 
 
 17 
 1. Apfl. Spot or So.« ^Fu,icladium dendriticum. ' 
 
 the spots where the s^^ a^^pru^i L'VrLrumVeJ;!'^ ^'^^''^^ ^^^ °' 
 2. Lbaf ^voT.-Entonvosporium maculatum. 
 
 -mall^illmp^ri^trcent« ' ^When^^'H '^^'''^«' *° '"^'^ '^^^''^ «?<>*» with 
 stunted. "* ^^^"^ ^^ ''">* " *"»cked it cracks and appears 
 
 3. Bbown RoT.~.l/o«i7io /ructigma. 
 
 at fir^Xn%&ra'nT^^^^^^^^ becomes brownish 
 
 mified" and is often seen uZ fit V this condition it is termed "mum- 
 
 fruit should be gathered and bSmed as thTv '° ^''^ '°'^- ^" " '»°'«»'nified " 
 the disease. '**^'*' *' '^^^ ''0'»*a>° spores that will perpetuate 
 
 4. Ai,raRAcsosE~Glai08porium venetum. 
 
 patchl*;';!Z;^'Trord:; and^ZV^' ""P*'^"'^^ *« -*" --d - oval 
 
 spots with darkSerS affected ca^^^^^^ k'^' ^'*^^-^ *" «""*" ^^"o''"!^ 
 
 burning. *°^°'®** °»''«" ^^lo^ld be cut out and destroyed by 
 
 6. 
 
 Lbaf blight, or Sunburn -Sphcrdla fragan,.. 
 
 ^^--^^^iTZl"^:^^ 'he upper surface of the 
 
 somewhat grayih Stroy bv*^ n o-f "'^^"l ** ^"*' "^^"^ *»>« ««»^*r« becomes 
 and check by Bordeaux spTayinJ. ^ * "^ P^**^"" *'^^ ^^^ *^'°P o*" Prevent 
 
 6. Powdery MiLDKw.-^;,A«r<,<Aeca mors «««.. 
 
 warm^Xtl^Idlottl^^ on the gooseberry.. It thrives in a 
 are covert with aTrayLh sTstlnTan^^^^^^ destructive. At first the berries 
 spraying with BordLrLturewS^retei^^^^ * ^'"""•^ *'°'°''- ^^^^ 
 
 7. ^orKTOBUQHT.—Phytophthora infestana. 
 
 affectTi^\i:T2rs"*"^' *^' P°'**°' ^^"^-^'^-"g with the leaves and finally 
 
 8. ^LKCK.KmT.-PlowHghtia morbosa. 
 it peSlyT' ''*''" P'"-" *°^ •^h^"^ ''^-- The name black-not describe. 
 
 branc^h Woor t?,il?:che^1l7t^^^^^^^^^ '^^^ V ''''''' -•"^-'^ 'he 
 the knot after the Te.^yrdron L th^^^^^^ P"':^ ^"^^ • thorough search for 
 
 tnre to prevent newTAmWoltg ^ffisl'eV "^'' ^°''^*" "^•'- 
 
18 
 
 9. Mildew of thk Peach, 
 
 It is » foDKUB of the tipi of iboots and young leaves. Syringe with soap- 
 •nda. Some mix lime water with the aoapflads and afterwaida dait with Bulphar. 
 Oo(d praning and good growth are generally autiioient to prevent. 
 
 10. Yellows. 
 
 " Yellows " in peaches is a oontagions disease, fatal to aflected trees, and 
 there is no known remedy bat to dig oat and bum root and branch. 
 
 11. Little Peaches. 
 
 a new disease of i'kach tbv.es. 
 
 A cew disease of the peach, known as " little peaches," has done a great 
 deal of damage in Alichigan, and is reported from peach orchards on the Niagara 
 River, in New York State, and some other points. The peach ceases to grow 
 when it is about the siz9 of a plam. The tree gradually looses vitality and die*. 
 Ik is considered contagious and quite as bad as the " yellows." Remedy : Dig 
 out and barn as soon as discovered. 
 
 SOME BENEFICIAL INSECTS. 
 
 Some insects may be classed among the friends of the frait-grower and 
 iarmer. They feed upon some of the injurious forms of insect life — chit fly in 
 
 ^1 iM M M' ^ 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 Fir. 2. 
 
 the larval stege— and in this way thf y help to lessen their ravages. Among 
 these beneficial insects are : 
 
 CoLEOPTERA (Beetles). 
 
 Ladybirds— Convex, nearly hemispherical, generally red or yellow, and 
 «potted. They feed upon small insects and the eggs of larger species, and are 
 
 Fig. 6. 
 
 Fig. 7. 
 
 Fig. 8. 
 
 walaable for keeping plant lice in check, some of the varieties attacking the 
 ADhids feeding upon the leaves of the apple trees. Among the moat beneficial 
 are- Nine-si»tted Lady-bird (Fig. 1), Fifteen-spotted Lady-bird (Fig. 2), Ten 
 
 spotted L%d 
 bird (Fig. 
 represents t 
 
 Orouni 
 hiding in th( 
 They are val 
 of injurious 
 as the Calos( 
 of their food 
 or Fiery Hu: 
 colored pits ( 
 Searcher (Fi^ 
 the body Is i 
 
 Fig. 12. 
 
 Murky 
 are also benel 
 
 TiGBR B 
 
 the orchardisi 
 
 P^SflKWi 
 
rith soap- 
 li aulphnr. 
 
 treei, aod 
 
 le a great 
 e Niagara 
 I to grow 
 and dies, 
 edy : Dig 
 
 ■ower and 
 ohitfly in 
 
 Among 
 
 )lIow, and 
 18, and are 
 
 Fig. 8. 
 
 eking the 
 
 beneficial 
 
 I 2), Ten- 
 
 19 
 
 •pHted Lidy-bird (Fig. 3), Two-spotted Ladybird (Fig. 4), Convergent Lady- 
 bird (Fig. 6), Oomely Ladybird (Fig. 6), Plain Ladybird (Fig 7) Fig. 8 
 represents the larval condition of the Nine-spotted L-idy bird. 
 
 KiK. 1>. 
 
 Pig. 11. 
 
 Fig. 10. 
 
 .... ^«00ND Beetles —These are found living on the surface of the ground 
 hiding in the ground under stones or rubbish, or running through the grass! 
 , , ^. "? valuable helpers to the orchardiat, as some of them feed upon the larvie 
 k '^n*'"' ^**'^'''» ■°<'^ •■ '^8 pe»r midge, curculio, etc. Those beetles known 
 as the (Mosoma are caterpillar hunter*, sometimes even climbing trees in search 
 of their food. Two valuable epecies are C. caMum, or the Red spotted, Glowing 
 or Fiery Hunter, which may be easily recognized by the rows of reddiih or copper 
 colored pits on the wing covers (Fig. 9), and C. scrutator, or Beautiful Bodied 
 Searcher (Fig. 10). The latter has green or violet wing covers, and the rest of 
 the body is markec| with violet, blue, gold, green and copper. 
 
 Fig. 12. 
 
 Via. U. 
 
 Murky Gr'^UND BeRTMCR knnnrn aa lIr,».mf.U.., /Vi„ 1l\ __j d. f i^.^ 
 
 are also benefi. » the agncultuv t. The former is of a pitchy black color. 
 *i. ^'^"8 Bbbtlrb (Figs. 12 and 13) are more valuable to the farmer than to 
 the orchardiat, and several species of these are quite common. 
 
20 
 
 I'igs. 14 and 15). " 
 >% I'/y nee 
 
 HvMBWoPTERA (Ii«g$, Wagp$, ete.) 
 JcHNBCMON Flies -ThcBe are onr most common para»itei of iniurioaa 
 Meet., chiefly among the batter (Hm and motba. The varfoa. uZielvlnmlch 
 
 ligs. 14 and 15). ihe most common are Thaleosa, with a very long tail. pari. 
 a/ac on pigeon tremex. and Opfno7i, with yellow body, Vener. 
 ally compres«ed. living on the polyphemua moth and yjllow- 
 , ,. ..y^ necked caterpillar. ' 
 
 .5-^.^ — JUpl*. Braconids.— Sometimes alio called Ichneumr- fliet 
 Fl». 15. ffacrogaster lays egga in the bodies of sphinx larvie. The 
 ,. , ,^ ^»'*^': develop there, and jast before the oaterpiUar perishes 
 
 they leave It and spin their white, oblong, silken cocoons on its back. The" 
 egg-hke bodies should not be disturbed, as adult Microgastera will swn emerge 
 
 Aphidiua infests plant lice, but it is too small to be readily seen. 
 (Fig.^6.7"*"''""* (Delicate Uce String) is parasitic on codling moth. etc. 
 
 th« oahil^^' K%?%^''^'S'\u^""-^'"'^' ""^ P»"«»*»°- 0°« "P^cies infests 
 the cabbage butterfly, and others many troublesome larvje. 
 
 thp.lK.^'?*!.-^^''"''"?^*'?^ ".'^ *'* P^'*'^ •'"^"g "»« beneficUl insects, as 
 they subsist chiefly upon injurious forps. ' 
 
 Fig. 17. 
 
 DiPTEBA {FliAs—TuioiMng 
 
 Fig. la 
 
 i\ 
 
 TACHiNiDS-The Tachina flies are larger than house flies. (Figs. 17 and 
 i» ) As valuable as the Ichneumon for p:.rasitizing caterpillars, grasshoppers, 
 
! injurioaa 
 ▼arj moch 
 form. See 
 tail, para- 
 dy, gener- 
 nd yellow- 
 
 nr- fliei. 
 rvie. The 
 r periihcB 
 k. Theec 
 n emerge. 
 
 QOth, etc. 
 ies infesta 
 Imeoti, aa 
 
 f 
 
 21 
 
 !f«:«?^**' •" '^*n°° *^« "'f^C'o' caterpillar., and the l.rv«. bore indde. Out 
 worm, are eapecially attacked by them. Many T.china fly larv« Zy upon 
 
 J«^ 'r!i ^'"'f " P"'" "P°° •P"''*- ^»-«"««A««. iith a long tilS 
 abdomen, feed, upon clover midgea. * ••ponng 
 
 plant lice. (Fig. 19.) Some live under ground and live upon apple root-Iioe 
 
 
 Fig. 19. 
 
 FIk. 20. 
 IIrmiptrra (Bugs). 
 
 Fig. ai. 
 
 Stink Bdgb or Spinbd Holdibr Bugs feed on larva- of the potato beetle. 
 
 HoLDiBR Bugs.— These are predacious on other insects. Head amall. eje* 
 prominent, beak abort. Easily recognised. (Fig. 20.) 
 
 Nburoptira (Four- Winged). 
 aphid5*'*(Pi''*2lV*°* ^""^ •«> often found feeding on currant worms and 
 Dbaoon Fliks are also classed among the beneficial insects. 
 
 AN ACT FOR THE BETTER PREVENTION OF CERTAIN 
 DISEASES AFFECTING FRUIT TREES. 
 
 Chap. 280, R.S.O. 1897. 
 
 1. This Act may be cited at The Yellows and Black Knot Act, 
 
 n„?;«n«{"i*il ^ »t ^"^u^ ^^.^""^V occupant of land, or if the land be Duty of 
 unoccupied it shall be the duty of the owner : owners »nd 
 
 (1) To cut out and burn all black' knot found on plum or cherry S^"*"**' 
 trees on his land so often each year as it appears on such trees ; and 
 
 (2) To cut down and burn any peach, nectarine or other trees on 
 hi8 land infected with the disease known aa the yellows, and to 
 destroy all the fruit of trees so infected. 
 
 - j^"'.,, '-*- -" ~"v ^'""txvj, ujujr, Mjwxi, lowDSQip, or moor- a., • ^ 
 
 L?e^ A"' TV '^'^ "P?^ * P,**^*^°" °' ^f^««^ °' "^°'« «»«- o^^SX 
 payers, aball by by-law, appoint at least one inspector to enforce the »"<' b«*'d of 
 
 provisions of this Act in the municipality, and fix the amount of in"g^S„. 
 
22 
 
 Dntki ut 
 
 couoty 
 
 hiipeotor. 
 
 Inipf ctor to 
 
 proceed uiion 
 
 written oom- 
 
 plftint. 
 
 r«uiUR«r»Uon teo. or ohargn. be U to receive for the performance of 
 Ik .hJJn' ' ^u , ^*"^ • ^•«"07 th*!' occur in tho office of intp«otor. 
 11 U the duty of the oouncll to rtU the Mme forthwith; and 
 
 the council (m any municipality where peaches are grown) .hall ilio 
 W' by law appoint three or more perwna reaideiit in the municipality. 
 r„n«.r^'L' cowtltute a board of fruit tree inapeotion, to which 
 appeala shall lie from the order ot decision of the said inspector. 
 
 (2) The ooancil may pass a by-law dividing the municioa .ty Into 
 aacb sections or divisions as may be necessary for t!-. ccryit ..t of 
 ihiM Act, and may appoint inspectors for such divi^iuns whose duties 
 and powers shall m all respects be the same as thai- of lb.- township 
 inspector. »^ 
 
 (3) Where an inspector is appointed by a county council, his 
 «? h?.'i . ^i° "^ ^^^ •'T'*' inspectors in enforcing the proviiion. 
 of this Act, and where no local inspector is appointed by a munici- 
 pality the inipector appointed by the county council shall have all 
 the powers cf a local inspector within such municipalitj. 
 
 ki \ ? 7*",'? oomDlaint be made to the inspector that yellows or 
 black knot exists within the municipality, in any locality described 
 «.'^?i";r^ •?*: ^^'i* reasonable certaintv, he shall proceed to 
 examine the fruit trees in such locality, and If satisfied o2 the ores 
 enw of either disease he shall immediately gi^e notice in writing to 
 the owner or occupant of tbe land whereon the affected treea are 
 growing, requiring him within ten days from the receipt of the 
 Utr A "*'** *"*' ^"^ '^' *°*'"'*' provided by section 3 
 
 Inspector t3 
 Mcertain and 
 report aa to 
 exutenoe of 
 digeasea. 
 
 Report to 
 Minister of 
 Agrioulture. 
 
 *k- 7^1^ I ^^?^f '^"^y °' ^^^T inspector appointed onder 
 
 this Act, by personal inspection to ascertain from time to time 
 whether either of the diseases mentioned in this Act exists in the 
 manic pa ity, and to report thereon at least once a year to the 
 municipal council, and wherever he is satisfied of the presence of 
 either diseaee he shall pr.red 'n the same manner as ik case of a 
 complaint made under nt^, . t ' this Act. 
 
 ^'^]^u°^?I **! *^® !'*''■'*' ^^^'^ <>' '*»« inspector shall be for- 
 warded by the clerk of the municipality to the Minister of Aaricul- 
 ture. ® 
 
 kS?d'!f*fruiii . ® -(I) An owner or occupant to whom notice regarding yellows 
 
 tree jnspec- *>«■ o«en given by the inspector, under section 6 of this Act mav 
 
 t -n. appeal therefrom, within the ten days limited therein, to the'boar'l 
 
 01 fruit tree inspection of the municipality. 
 
 Notice (..' 
 appeal. 
 
 (2) The owner or occupant so appealing, shall, within the said ten 
 days, give notice in writing to the inspector that he requires au 
 ____ — _.or. ^.. „u^ otcCT, lu. xxayviii oi wnxcQ oompiams, is madu, by 
 the board of the fruit tree inspection, and shall name the day and 
 hour at which the examination will take place. 
 
ts 
 
 fformMioe of 
 of inspeotor, 
 rthwith ; and 
 ro) ahdl ilto 
 munioipftlity, 
 <D, to which 
 up«^ctor. 
 
 cioh itj Into 
 rryit^ xitoi 
 whose datiet 
 iho towDihip 
 
 council, his 
 he proTi«ion« 
 y A muaici- 
 lall have all 
 
 it yellowi or 
 ty described 
 1 proceed to 
 cl the prea 
 1 writing to 
 ted treei are 
 oeipt of the 
 by section 3 
 
 ointed ander 
 [me to time 
 dati in the 
 year to the 
 presence of 
 in case of a 
 
 hall be for- 
 of Agricul- 
 
 ling yellows 
 s Act, may 
 to the boar 1 
 
 the said ten 
 requires au 
 is made, by 
 he day and 
 
 (3) The , erson app«,. 'ng .hall also within the a«td ten data give NotlcMo 
 noUoe in writing to three ineinl,«*f8 of the «.aid board th^^i he rr .lairPi '?•"'»" , 
 
 for the examination of the said fruit treea, and the date so fixed 
 shall be not less than three daya after the service of notice on the 
 infprctor and on the last member of the board ao ^er/ed, 
 
 (4) At the day and hoar named in the ..otioe of appeal, the Ex.n,i. M.« 
 members notified shall attend and examine th. trees in qaitlon, a»d by Ca "" 
 determine whether or not the notice aiven by the in8i)^otor to the 
 
 owner or occupant, under beotion ft of this Act, was rightly given, 
 and the deoUion of the said board or of a majority of the members 
 present shall be final. 
 
 (5) The decision of the board shall be in writing, signed by .he DeciriasW 
 members agreeing thereto, and a duplicate i lereof shall be given to boardT^ 
 the person appealing and to the inspeotor. aiH pending such decision 
 
 all proceedings against the owner or oocnp .nt appealing shall be 
 stayed, and if the said board decides that th notice given by the 
 inspector was wrongly given and wai unnecei^wry, no further pro- 
 ceedings shall be taken thereon. ^ ^ 
 
 (6) Each member of the said board shall be eaUtled to receive |Ji „ , . 
 for every examinaUon made by him under this section, and the sam« ^'^'''^ *^'*' 
 
 1-! i ♦i.^'T i ^ ?® **/T .*"' occupant appealing if the board 
 decides that the notice of the inspector was rightly given, or by the 
 municipfthty if the board decides that such notice was wronaly riven 
 and the amount of laid fcei shall be stated in th « written d<Sision 
 of the board, and shall be a debt due to the board from the party so 
 found liable, recoverable in any division court having jurisdiction. 
 
 7.-0) Any owner or occupant of land who, ai er notice given » „• 
 by the inspeotor, as provided by section 4. sufi^ers acv black knot to '^''"•'"••• 
 remain on plum or cherry trees, or keeps any peac h, nectarine or 
 other trees infected with yellows or the fruit of tr. ^a ao infected 
 ahall upon conviction, be liable to a fine of not less t an $6 and not 
 more than 920 for every such offence. 
 
 (2) Any person who knowingly offers for sale or shipment, or sells 
 or ships the fruit of trees infected with yellows, shall, upon convic- 
 tion, be liable to a fine of not less than f 6 nor more than 820. 
 
 (3) Every inspector who, after receiving the written complaint 
 n quired by section 4, of this Act, rtfuses or neglects to discharge 
 the duties imposed on him by this Act, shall, upon ccaviction, be 
 liable to a fine of not less than $10 nor more than 920. 
 
 8.— Every offence against the provisions of this Act shall be An,,,:^ ,-, „ i 
 
 onniiihpd. and tliA nAnaltv imnnHPd tor ntu^h nffnn^A akall U» .- j AppiicaTiion oi 
 
 and levied, on summary conviction, before any justice of the peace ; 
 and one-half of every fine imposed shall be paid to the inspeotor or 
 other person laying the information, and one-half to the treasurer of 
 
24 
 
 the manioipality in which the offence is committed, for the age of 
 the municipftlity. 
 
 Council to re- 9.— The council of every muninipalitv shall require its inspector 
 torstoSorm " '"P®?**" ^ 'MtWoUy discharge aU their duties under this Act. 
 
 their duties. ' 
 
 ACT FOR THE PROTEOTIOIf OF INSECTIVOROUS AND 
 
 OTHER BIRDS. 
 
 Chap. 289, R. S. O. 1897. 
 
 HER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the 
 Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as 
 follows : — 
 
 0. 287 not af- ^' Nothing in this Act contained shall be held to affect Ths On- 
 
 fected. tano Game Protection Act, or to apply to any imported cage birds or 
 
 0»Ke birds Other domesticated bird or birds generally known as cage birds or to 
 
 and poultry, any bird or birds generally known as poultry. 
 
 mayU*'kmed. . ?— iV ^'^<i«P'= *» in' section 6 of this Act provided, it shall not 
 be lawful to shoot, destroy, wound, catch, net, snare, poison, drug 
 or otherwue kill or injure, or to attempt to shoot, destroy, wound' 
 catch, net, snare, poison, drug or otherwise kill or injure any wild 
 native birds other than hawks, crows, blackbirds and English spar- 
 rows, and the birds especially mentioned in The Ontario Game Pro- 
 tection Act. 
 
 (2) Any person may, during the fruit season, for the purpose of 
 protecting his fruit from the attacks of such birds, shoot or destroy 
 on his own premises, the bird known as the robin without being liable 
 to any penalty under this Act. 
 
 Sfing lorS , 3* Except as in section 6 of this Act provided, it shall not be 
 den. lawful to take, capture, expose for sale or have in possession any 
 
 bird whatsoever, save the kinds hereinbefore or hereinafter excepted 
 or to set wholly or in part any net, trap, spring, snare, cage, or other 
 machine or engine, by which any bird whatsoever, save and except 
 hawks, crows, blackbirds, and English sparrows, might be killed and 
 captured ; and any net, trap, spring, snare, cage or other machine 
 or engine, set either wholly or in part for the purpose of either cap- 
 turing or killing any bird or birds save and except hawks, crows, 
 blackbirds and English sparrows, may be destroyed by any person 
 without such person incurring any liability therefor. 
 
 ?/'i« n""lo ^" Save as in section 6 of this Act provided, it shall not be lawful 
 be talen. 'o takj, injure, destroy, or have in possession any nest, young, or egg 
 
 of any kind whatsoever, except of hawks, crows, blackbirds, and 
 
 English sparrows. 
 
 5. Any 
 and carry t, 
 fisoated, an 
 market clei 
 confiscate, t 
 
 6 Thee 
 Game Prot 
 student of < 
 cation and i 
 schedule he 
 in said sche 
 or exchangi 
 any time oi 
 study, with( 
 
 7. The \n 
 tinne in for< 
 issued, and i 
 for the time 
 
 8.-(l) I 
 the offender 
 than twenty 
 tion or comp 
 
 (2)Thewl 
 convicting ji 
 collusion wi 
 which case tl 
 ordinary case 
 
 (3) In def 
 be imprisonei 
 than two and 
 justice. 
 
 9. No con 
 in the form t 
 mens or othei 
 injustice resu 
 
 AN AC 
 
 HER MAJ] 
 Legislat 
 follows : — 
 
 1 . No persi 
 up an any land 
 3 
 
25 
 
 r the ase of 
 
 its inspector 
 er this Act. 
 
 aUS AND 
 
 sent of the 
 », enacts as 
 
 ot Th9 On 
 kge birds or 
 birds or to 
 
 it shall not 
 tison, druj(, 
 oy, wound, 
 3 any wild 
 iglish spar- 
 Garm Pro- 
 
 purpose of 
 or destroy, 
 eing liable 
 
 all not be 
 assion any 
 ' excepted, 
 B, or other 
 ad except 
 killed and 
 ' machine 
 iither cap- 
 ks, crows, 
 ny person 
 
 be lawful 
 ng, or egg 
 irds, and 
 
 andoat^fS! °i*^/e"«'0'^ ^'ew, any bird unlawfally possessed. Power to 
 ^V^P T-f*T ^'^°? *''y J""'°« °' "^e P«»ce, to be by him con ««'f« H^'1* 
 Si ' r^'t '' "i'^*' f? ^' "^«'*'«** ' ^'^'^ i* »»'*" be the duty of all ^o «" ed^ 
 confiscate, and if alive, to liberate such birds. 
 
 6 The chief game warden for the tiaae being under The Ontario t> ■. 
 
 uSLtT'Xl t''' '""^?'^ '«°«^^^°8 ^'°"^^^y ornithologist or SSStS'Sy 
 student of ornithology, or biologist, or student of biology, an appli- chiffg»^''^ 
 
 cation and recommendation according to the forms A and B in the '^"•^?°,*». 
 
 in said schedule empowering the holder to coUect, and to purchase, 
 or exchange all birds or eggs, otherwise protected by this Act at 
 any time or season he may require the same for the purposes of 
 study, without the liability to penalties imposed by this Act 
 
 7. The permits granted under the last preceding section shiU eon n, *• r 
 
 Zi'"' 'r' °"i? '^' '""i °^ *^« '=*^«'^^»' y«« ^ which they Te Si?" "' 
 issued, and may be renewed at the option of the chief game wlrden 
 for the time being under Th^ Ontario Game Protection Act 
 
 fi.?«ff^^] The violation of any provision of this Act shall subject p„„.u- 
 the offender to the payment of not less than one dollar and not m^ore '"'*'''• 
 than twenty dollars with coste, on summary conviction, on informa- 
 tion or complaint before one or more justices of the peace. 
 
 .SJil^^ '^**°i? °u'''® ^°® '^*" ^ P**^ *° *^« prosecutor unless the ^ ,. . 
 convicting justice has reason to believe that the prosecution is in ;S*fi*i«*'°" 
 collusion with and for the purpose of b3nefittbg^he accused, n 
 wdbary cases' """^ °''*^' *''' disposal of the fine m in 
 
 beS„rL^„*/rll IP*^"^"' °' **»« fi'^^ »°d costs, the offender shall 
 f lf..?fw« !i ^**^® "^T"*^ '^""""^ 8»°1 'o-- » period of not less 
 jis^ci """"^ '''^"'^ ^*y"' **= the discretion of the 
 
 9. No conviction under this Act shall be quashed for anv defoof n ■ .• 
 mo^s'orTh**^'''"'' J '°'' "^-y omission or inLmaHty in ajy sum ?otTvS§for 
 
 ' :i 
 
 AN ACT RESPECTING THE BARBERRY SHRCJB. 
 
 63 Vic, chap. 48. [sOlh April, 1900. 
 
 TTEE MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the 
 f^ow^- ' ^''""^^^ °' *^" ^'°^«« of Ontario, enacts as 
 
 1. No person shall plant the shrub known as the Barberry Shrnb Pianfi„„„» 
 upon any lands used for farming purposes in the Province o7ontario: SS^ub 
 o prohibited. 
 
 . ... : 
 
Rev. Stat, 
 c. 90. 
 
 26 
 nL7^V^-^*''** "'""^ within one hundred yards of any lands 
 
 rra'^ZS.1.'^ '^-^^-^ " P«>vidfd\yVt?lt 
 
 Kv"'"" „,L^''' P"""" *° *^" P*"^8 <>' *»»» Act any person ha. planted 
 
 f'^T 7 . J« J? S"""?* "^f*? or adjacent to lands owned Tocoupied by hUn 
 
 farm landa to and held and nsed for f Armin« nii»n/u»». - u j "^""v*"" "y "'m 
 
 be pulled up. b» fth^ .a.M .h^Tk I '*'^™"»8 purposes any hedge or fence formed 
 
 pality m which the lands are situated to remove and destrov th« 
 same and upon his neglect or refusal so t« do within one moSh 
 after the service of notice in writing regarding Inch removaTiSd 
 and destruction, the council of the munici^lity may ca^ X J^^ 
 to be removed and destroyed, and in such cases the omier orth« 
 ^dB upon which the said shrub has been^anted S not t 
 entitled to compensation for such removal and destructir 
 
 Oompenaation 
 for destmo- 
 tion. 
 
 3. In case, upon receipt of notice or within thirty days thereafter 
 theo^r or occupant of the lands iipca which the sKrub is 
 planted removes and destroys the same, he shall be entiS^ to com 
 F««taon for such removal and destruction. The amouS of Zl 
 
 S?S -""i?"^ ^. '!r^ "P°° ^y «"«»» «^«r and the councfl of 
 wrltS^^iv^ J' *' m default of agreement shaU be deterS b 
 writing by the fence viewers of the municiDalitv and fchn ^r*.,!r.^ - 
 agreed upon or awarded shall be paiHrthe ol'^er by ^^^^^^^ 
 of the municipality out of the funds of the corporation. 
 
 Short title. 
 
 AN AOT FOR THE PREVENTION AND DESTRUCTION 
 OF CERTAIN NOXIOUS INSECTS. 
 
 63 Vic. chap. 47. [sOth April, 1900. 
 
 TTER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the 
 
 1. This Act shall be known as Thi> Noxious InsecU Act. 
 
 preventioi 
 other plan 
 come into 
 two succei 
 
 4. Evei 
 by-law ad 
 duties it s 
 of this Ac 
 the same t 
 
 5. Tn ci 
 to comply 
 the Inspec 
 within ten 
 amount of 
 that this a 
 able, shall 
 and shall 1 
 
 6 Imm 
 council foi 
 to be deliv 
 printed co; 
 together w 
 Inspector i 
 
 7. Any 
 hinder or ] 
 viction the 
 be subject 
 dollars, an 
 the commo 
 than twen< 
 
 Copy 
 Governor. 
 
 Upon 
 the Oomn 
 Noxious I] 
 for the pre 
 
 1. It I 
 or if the la 
 one week a 
 hereiaailer 
 Upon all b 
 age within 
 
F any lands 
 he violation 
 Breof before 
 besides the 
 The Ontario 
 
 lias planted 
 ied by him 
 moe formed 
 the mnnici- 
 destroy the 
 one month 
 smoval and 
 le the same 
 mer of the 
 lall not be 
 a. 
 
 thereafter, 
 id shrab is 
 led to com- 
 int of such 
 I ooanoil of 
 Brmined in 
 amoant so 
 B treasurer 
 
 iUOTION 
 
 pril, 1900. 
 
 mt of the 
 enacts as 
 
 force and 
 h shall by 
 ni may at 
 any rega- 
 )rce as to 
 
 iltare the 
 as for the 
 
 27 
 
 prevention and destrnction of insects injurious to trees, shrubs and 
 other plants as may be deemed advisable. Such regulations shall 
 oome into effect and have the force of law after the publication in 
 two successive issues of The Ontario Gazette. 
 
 4. Every municipal council adopting this Act shall in and by the Appointment 
 by-law adopting the same appoint one or more inspectors whose °^ »"«i'«<'*°"- 
 duties it shall be to inspect all orchards and to enforce the provisions 
 
 of this Act and the regulations made thereunder, and to report upon 
 the same to the council. 
 
 5. Tn case the occupant or the owner of any lot neglects or refuses Municipality 
 to comply with this Act or with any regulations made thereunder, may charge 
 the Inspector may cause the necessary work to be done, and shall "wner with 
 within ten days make a report in writing to the councU stating the ' 
 amount of the cost thereof and the council may thereupon direct 
 
 that this amount or such part thereof as may appear to them equit- 
 able, shall be entered upon the collector's roll against such owner 
 and shall be collected in the same manner as other taxes. 
 
 6 Immediately upon the passing of a bylaw by any municipal Notice to be 
 council for bringing this Act into force, the said council shall cause 8'^^" '° . 
 to be delivered to the occupant or owner of every lot aff-ected, ^a^ZJ^^ 
 printed copy of this Act and of the regulations made thereunder, 
 together with a copy of the by-law and the name and address of the 
 Inspector appointed to enforce the Act. 
 
 7. Any person interfering with the Inspector, or attempting to p„„,„„ «„, 
 hinder or prevent him in the enforcing of this Act, shall, upon c^ti- vioUtioVof 
 viction thereof, before any of Her Majesty's Justices of the Peace, Act. 
 be subject to a fine of not less than one dollar nor more than twenty 
 dollars, and in default of payment of the same to be imprisoned in 
 the common j*il for the period of not less than ten days, nor more 
 than twenty days. 
 
 Reoulations. 
 
 Copy of an Order in- Council approved by His Honour the Lieutenant^ 
 Governor, the 24th day of May, A.D. 1900. 
 
 *u JP°^.*^® recommendation of the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture, 
 the Oommittee of Council advise that pursuant to the provisions of "The 
 Noxious Insects Act" (63 Victoria, cap. 47), the following regulations be made 
 for the prevention and destruction of the •• Codling Moth." 
 
 1. It shall be the duty of every occupier of a lot within the municipality, 
 or If the land be unoccupied, it shall be the duty of the owner of such lot, within 
 one week after receiving notice as provided for in the Act. to nlace bands («m 
 faeremailer described) upon the orchard trees located upon said 'lot as follows • 
 Upon all bearing apple trees and pear trees, and upon all orchard trees of bearing 
 age within forty feet of such bearing trees. 
 
iJ, if 
 
 28 
 
 TnafJ;i^''®i'*u**n?*"^®,°'*'*^°^r^''''^*P"°' "sacking." orainr.lar suitable 
 ?*i u { l^ «>»»" be not less than four inches in width and of three thickneeses. 
 and Bhall be securely fastened at a convenient point between the crotch of the 
 tree ana the ground. 
 
 3. The occupant or owner shall have these bands removed and inspected: all 
 larvae therein destroyed, and the bands replaced at intervals of not more than 
 two weeks during the months of June, July and August. 
 
 AN AOT FOR THE PgRTHER PROTEOnON OP BEES. 
 Chap. 282, R S. 0. 1897. 
 
 SWrivTn^" « \J^° Fu""" j? spraying or sprinkling fruit trees, during the 
 f^uirSIn period^ within which trees are in full bloom, shall use or cause to 
 bloom pro. be Used any nixture containing Paris green or any other poisDnous 
 hiblted. substance injurious to bees. 
 
 Penalties. (2) Any person contravening the provision i of this Act, shall, on 
 
 summary conviction thereof before a justice of the peace, be subject 
 to a penalty of not less that $1 or more than $5, with or without 
 costs of prosecution, and in case of a fine or a fine and costs being 
 awarded, and of the same taot being upon conviction forthwith paid, 
 the justice may commit the offender to the common gaol, there to be 
 imprisoned for any term not exceeding thirty days unless the fine 
 and costs are sooner pud. 
 
 i M 
 
 m 
 
 DO NOT SPRA.Y TREES WHEN IN FULL -BLOOM. 
 
 1. It is not the right time to spray. 
 
 2. It may destroy insects that are then fertilizing the blossoms. 
 
 3. It is destructive to bees. 
 
 4. It is forbidden by law.