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1 2 3

» . **■

ISERMO^

PRK ACHED IN

BEFORE

NDREWS' S(

BY THE . -

G. M. CLARK, New Edinl

Sabbath, November 29th, 1885.

8<J at the request of ST. ANDREWS'

KVENING JOURNAL Print. Ottawiu

/^T^

SEEMOi^

PREACHED IN KNOX CHURCH, OTTAWA, BEFORE ST.
ANDREWS' SOCIETY, BY THE REV. G. M. CLARK,
OF NEW EDINBURGH.

SABBATH, NOVEMBER 29TH, 1885.

PUBLISHED AT THK REQUEST OF ST. ANDREWS' SOCIETY.

" If I Jor^et thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning^ — -

Psalm cxxxvii., 5.

It is not certain by whom this Psalm was written, but the occasion
of it is evident. The Jews were exiles by the rivers of Babylon, far
away from their own country, and they wept as they thought of their
own land, and the many blessings they had enjoyed there. They were
now vassels under a foreign yoke, but Jerusalem and the interests of
religion were uppermost in their thoughts and affections, and the Psalmist
declares, in the name of his brethern, that he would be rather deprived
of his skill in music, have his " tongue cleave to the roof of his mouth,"
than forget Jerusalem ; "if I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy."

David, the sweet singer of Israel, was a good example of a Jewish
patriot. He said : " I was glad when they said unto me, let us go into
the House of the Lord. Our feet shall stand within thy gates, O Jeru
salem." " As the mountains are round about Jerusalem, so the Lord is
round about His people from henceforth, even for ever." To keep in
memory God's care over his people they were directed to " walk about
Zion, and go round about her ; tell the towers thereof. Mark ye well
her bulwarks, consider her palaces ; that ye may tell it to the generation
following."

It is thus very plain that the love of country was very strong in the
hearts of the sons of Israel. There, in the Holy City, were the morn-
ing and the evening sacrifices offered unto God ; and in their sacred
feasts, when all the people came up to Jerusalem, they were reminded
of God's special kindness to them as a nation. In the Passover they
could not forget the salvation of the Jewish race from their Egyptian op-

pressors, and the feasts of Pentecost and Tabernacles wou'd recall to
their remembrance God's care of them in the wilderness. Such was
their love for home that they said : " If 1 forget thee, O Jerusalem, let
my right hand forget her cunning."

In preaching the Gospel to-night, we have taken this theme as suit-
able for our meditation, and specially for my fellow countrymen of St.
Andrew's Society, appropriating the words by way of accommodation to
our circumstances, as far away from our native home ; true, not as cap-
tive exiles, but yet at a distance from our beloved Scotland. It is my
intention, God helping me, to- night to enqun-e, if we have not reason to
be patriotic, and to cherish such deep affection for our country as *o
lead us to say : " If I forget thee, O Scotland, let my right hand forget
her cunning."

The " Land of brown heath and shaggy wood —

Land of the mountain and the flood."

is at the best a very narrow land, being only about two hundred
and eighty-eight miles from north to south, and fifty-two from east to
west. Though but a very small country, yet it has an important place
in hii'ory, and its influence is as wide as the world. Its physical aspect
is exceedingly diversified and picturesque. Its climate is good, giving
health to its people, and the strength for the arduous duties of life. Though
a small country such are the indentations by the sea, that its coast line is
some two thousruid five hundred miles long, and no part of it more than
forty-five miles from the sea. It would appear that it was ordained as
a suitable dwelling place for a hardy race. The country, however, is
not the source of its influence in history ; but who has not admired the
genius, and gloried in the heroism of that long line of Scottish worthies
who struggled for liberty as if seeking the emancipation of humanity.
Who does not feel his indignation rise at the recital of their wrongs, and
their sacrifices for truth and conscience sake. What memories rise be-
fore our minds, and emotions kindle in our hearts, at the mention of
such names as Bruce and Wallace, Knox and Melville, Argyle and
Murray, Gillespie and Henderson, Erskine and Chalmers, Burns and
Scott, Livingstone and Alexander Duff.

It is interesting to notice the part which the little nationalities of
earth have played in the great drama of civilization. Much is said
about the great powers, and how they shape the destiny of the world.
We often read of their majesty, their domain, their sway. The Old
World great powers were Assyria, Chaldea, Egypt, Medo Persia, Mace-
donia, Rome. These nations figure largely in the history of the past,
each claiming, in turn, the mastery of the world. In more modern
times, the great nations are Germany, France, Spain, Austria, Russia,
Prussia, Turkey, and England. These have almost monopolized the
map of Europe, where they still struggle for the balance of power.

But this is not all history. We have not completed this work till
we have looked at the little nationalities, such as Palestine, Greece,
Switzerland, the Netherlands, Scotland ; each occupying but a small

strip of earth, but having a wide influence on the world. Where have
men risen higher, as the friends of all that is noble and learned and
good, than in these small States ? There is something sublime in the
influence which has gone out over all lands from these apparently
insignificant portions of earth. Something here directs to that Almighty
hand that can work alike by many or by few ; causing . ":en smallest
means to accomplish greatest results. These little nations furnish us
with the whole story of arts and arms, literature and philosophy and
civil and religious liberty. Have they not done much to make the
larger nations what they were, and the world wliat it is ? From
Palestine the world has received a religion — the first, the last, the best,
the only divine religion. We have art, literature and philosophy, the
highest perhaps the world has ever seen, from Greece. Scotland has
given to us the finest example in all Christendom of a highly educated,
law-abiding and christianized people. Europe has but one Scotland,
and though her distinct nationality is gone since the Union, no iron
yoke has ever crushed her spirit. She is Scotland still. While the
sceptre of dominion has passed from the old capital, yet the old race is
there, undogenerated and unconquered, and worthy as ever to use the
national motto '■'■Nemo me impune lacesset." The same race as existed
there a thousand years ago is still at home upon its* soil, only more
advanced in true greatness because of the terrible trials of the people.

We have right to remember Scotland for the heroic manner in
which her sons contended, and contended successfully for civil and
religious freedom. In reviewing Scottish history our gaze is not
directed to the march of mighty armies, led by a conqueror, crushing
all opposition under the iron heel of war — but we look on a people
heroically defending their own firesides and civil and religious freedom
against overwhelming numbers.

The present population of Scotland is upward of three millions.
In 1707, the date of the union with England, it did not exceed a
million. During the one and three-quarter centuries since then the
people have engaged in agriculture, manufactures and commerce —
and have greatly prospered. Here we are taught the important lesson
that peace, and not warj is the true policy of nations. Scotland, since
the Union, has formed an integral portion of the British empire. She
yielded up her separate, nationality after gallantly and successfully
defending it for more than a thousand years. At the Union, James VI
united in himself the royal titles of the crowns of both kingdoms, and
quietly ascended the English throne. The royal race of Bruce was now
on tiie greater throne of the United Kingdom, and Queen Victoria now
reigns as truly Scotland's queen as she is England's queen, being the
fifty-fojrth sovereign of the Scottish royal line from Kenneth McAlpine,
and the fifty-first of the English royal line from Alfred the Great.

There are two notable epochs in Scottish history ; one of these
belongs to the sixteenth century with Knox and Queen Mary as the
prominent characters. The other leads us back to the days of Bruce

and Wallace in the thirteenth and the opening of the fourteenth
centuries.

A stern and lofty grandeur gathers around the brow of Knox as the
great champion of the reformed church. It is not strange if Carlyle
should term him " a veritable king of men, one of the few immortal
names that were not born to die." " John Knox," said the same writer,
" is the one Scotsman to whom of all others his country and the world
owe a debt." He has been fiercely assailed, but for three centuries his
work has been speaking for him with ever increasing eloquence. He
needs no other monument. Some one has truly said "John Knox,
preaching in his i)ulpit in St. Giles, or from the window of his house in
High street, or at St. Andrew's, or in the presence of Mary Stuart at
Holyrood, is a figure as grand as Martin Luther before the Diet of
Worms." Professor Wilson has well said " His was the voice that
taught the peasant of the Lothians that he was a free man, the
equal in the sight of God with the proudest peer or prelate that had
trampled on his forefathers." Scotland regarded him as a God-given
leader. He fought bravely till peace was proclaimed, popery abolished,
and a confession prepared principally by himself was adopted.

While speaking of these great men, Wallace and Bruce, who fought
for civil liberty, and Knox, the champion of the Reformation, it would j^

be wrong not to speak of those valiant men who preceded Knox as
Christian heroes in the cause of truth, such as Patrick Hamilton and
George Wishart, precursors of the great Reformation. By order of the
papal hierarchy each of these men was arrested, condemned, and
burned at the stake before the doors of the University of St Andrews,
which, in better times, they might have adorned by their eloquence. i

They died nobly for the rights of conscience and the Word of God I

" There were giants on the earth in those days, and Scotland's heroes
were among them."

Was the blood of these noble men, both in the earlier and later '

period, shed in vain ? Truly not. It was the price of their inaependence,
of civil and rel.\^ious liberty, not for their country alone but for posterity,
for mankind. All the freedom which Scotland has to-day she owes,
under God to their deathless struggle for independence. No part of
earth is more thickly strewn with the ashes of martyred heroes, and
those who died bravely defending the right. The Springtime was long, ^

but the harvest was abundant and glorious. ^

Have we not reason to remember Scotland with gratitude when we '^

think of the great results of the struggle for liberty. Theirs was a
double battle — first the conflict for national independence and consti-
tutional liberty against a powerful foe, and secondly their struggle for
conscience and a pure church against both papal and prelatical
domination. As we think of these noble reformers of the sixteenth, and
of their equally brave countrymen, the Covenanters of the seventeenth
century, we are ready to say " if I forget thee. Oh Scotland, let my right i

hand forget her cunning." 1

" The rights and hberties of an evangelical Christianity and a pure
spiritual church preached in Scotland by the martyred Wishart and
Hamilton, heroically defended before kings, queens and nobles, by
Knox and Melville, vindicated and established by Henderson, Gillesi)ie
and Rutherford and their compeers, solemnly sworn to by the whole
people in their ' National League and Covenant,' cemented with the
blood and attested by thousands of martyrs, were the grand results. A
reformed religion and an evangelical Presbyterianism forever asserting
Christ's cross and crown and covenant in a free state." For these
results we desire to be truly thankful to God. Here we see the true
import of our Lord's words, " Render to Cresar the things that are

TCcesar's." The great truth incorporated in the Westminster Confession,
" God alone is Lord of the conscience," is the basis of all religious
liberty, and held by all Presbyterian churches.
Another result from these conflicts is the settlement, on a permanent
basis, of the true Scriptural doctrine of religious toleration. Many
professed disciples of Christ have been slow to learn this truth, and in
some cases have not yet learned it. It, however, lies clear in the artic'
" God alone is Lord of the conscience in all matters of religious opinion."
The Presbyterian Church has never been intolerant or a persecuting
ft Church. How could she be and be true to her principles ? A famous

Presbyterian has said, " The Presbyterian polity had been the cradle of
toleration, and it has always been the stronghold of religious liberty."

tWe have reason to remember Scotland when we think of her
position in the world of letters. Her text books of philosojjhy, theology,
politirul, legal and medical science and education liave found their way
» into tie leading schools where our language is known. Her authors

i have r'sen to the firs: rank, and the influence of their works is wide as

the world.

" The great energy (\ the Scots, which, in the former ages, had
been put forth in gaining civil and religious liberty, was put forth alter
the Union in peaceful invention, useful industry, jjractical discovery
and scientific research, philosophic inquiry and developing the best
intellect of the country, and thus Scotland's pen has become mightier
than Scotland's sword."

Thus modern Scotland has become in place of a home of warriors,
fkf the abode of a thriving, industrious, wealthy and happy people, sending

forth their well trained and God-fearing sons and daughters into all the
'*^ British colonies, and indeed into all new countries to make independent

and happy homes for themselves. / uld Scotia is filled with such happy
homes — from the palaces of the rich to the cottages of the poor. And
is not this the very foundation of her true greatness, her happy, blessed
Christian homes ?

Fellow countrymen, never forget this Christian home life. Think
of the Christian training we had around our fathers' firesides, under the
shadow of our native mountains. Imitate this blessed training in your
own homes ; and hand it down unsullied to your children. How

beautifully is this religious home training and its influences described by
our highly gifted national poet : —

TIr- oheerfu' supper done — wi' serious face,

Tliey round the ingle form a circle wide :
The sire turns o'er wi' patriarchal yrace

The iiig ha" Ribie, ance his father's pride.
Mis bonnet reverently is laid aside,

His lyarl hafiltts wearing thin and bare
Those strains that once did sweet in Zion glide,

Hi' wales a portion with judicious care,
And " Let us worship God," he says witli solemn air.

They chant their artless notes in single guise ;

They tune their hearts by far the noblest aim ;
Perhaps " Dundee's " wild warbling measures rise.

Or plaintive " Martyr's " worthy of the name ;
Or noble " Elgin " beets the heavenward flame,

The sweetest far of Scotia's holy lays ;
Compared with these, Italia's trills are tame ;

Tlie tickled ear no he-irtfelt raptures raise;
Nae unison hae they with our Creator's praise.

The priest-like father reads the sacred page.

How Al)ram was the friend of God on high ;
Or Moses l)ade eternal vvarf\\re wage

With Amalek's ungracious progeny —
C>r how the royal bard did groaning lie

Beneath the stroke of heaven's avenging ire,
Or Job's pathetic plaint and wailing cry,

Or rapt Isaiah's wild seraphic fire,
Or other holy seers that tune the sacred lyre.

Perhaps the Christian volume is the theme,

How guiltless blood for guilty man was shed ;
How He who liore in heaven the second name,

Had not on earth whereon to lay His head ;
How His lirst followers and servants sped.

The precepts sage they wrote to many a land
llow He, who lone in I'atmos banished,

•Saw in the sun a mighty angel stand.
And heard great Babylon's doom i)rop.ounced by heaven's command.

Then kneeling down to heaven's eternal King,

The saint, the father, and the husband prays :
Hope "springs exulting on triumphant wing,"

That thus they all shall meet in future tiays,
There ever bask in uncreated rays,

No more to sigh or shed the bitter tear,
Together hymning their Creator's praise

In such society still more dear,
While circling time moves round in an eternal sphere.

Compared with this, how poor religion's pride.

In all the pomp of method and of art.
When men display to congregations wide,
. . ; J devotion's every grace, except the heart !

The Power incensed the pageant will desert ■ . • , ;,.

The pompous strain, the sacerdotal stole ;
But haply in some cottage far apart,

May hear, well pleased the language of the son' ; ,

And in His book of life, the inmates poor enroll. ■' • •.. ,.^

From scenes like these, oM Scotia's grandeur springs,

That makes her loved at home, revered abroad.
I'rinces and lords are i)Ut the breath of kings ;

" An honest man is the noblest work of God."
And ccrtes in fair virtue's heavenly road,

The cottage leaves the palace far behind —
What is a lordling's pomp ? a cumljrous load,

Disguising oft the wretch of human kind.
Studied in arts of hell, and wickedness refined.

O Scotia I my dear, my native soil !

For whom my warmest wish to heaven is sent !
Long may thy hardy sons of rustic toil

Be blest with health and peace and sweet content !
And Oh I may heaven their simple lives prevent

From luxury's contagion, weak and vile;
Then how e'er crowns and coronets be rent,

A virtuous populace may rise the while
And stand a wall of fire around their muchdoved isle.

A chief glory of Scotland is her Christian literature, which gives
her moral power at home and educational influence abroad. Her liter-
ature is largely baptized with the spirit of the gospel, and much of it is
specially consecrated at the altar of Christ. True, as our own Hugh
Miller has said, "Scotland has produced no Shakespeare, no Milton,
•no Bacon, no Sir Isaac Newton, no John Locke," but it is also tiue
that England has produced no Burns, no Sir Walter Scott, no James
Watt, no Sir William Hamilton, no Mary Somerville, and we might
add no Hugh Miller.

How rich is our country in the possession of the writings of our
talented poets, of our richly gifted national poet, of Walter Scott, of
Thomson, who sung of the seasons ; of Campbell, who delineated the
" Pleasures of Hope," of Graham's exquisitely beautiful poem on the
" Sabbath ; " and last but not least the beautiful and instructive " Course
of Time," by PoUok, and the glorious lyrics of James Montgomery and
Horatius Bonar, "There is a Holy Sacrifice," and "O Where shall Rest
be Found ?" are priceless gems to the Church ; and who can tell the
value^of those sweet hymns of Bonar " I lay my sins on Jesus," " Glory
be to God the Father," and " No Not Despairingly," and many others.

My mind turns to the writings and deeds of such men as David
Livingstone and Alexander Duff, and hosts of others who have done
much for mankind, especially to spread the knowledge of Jesus' name ;
but time forbids me even to mention their names.

We should also remember Scotland when we think of its noble wo-
men. And here the humble name of Jenny Geddes should not be
passed by, nor the throwing of her famous stool at the head of the Dean

;&.

of Edinburgh in 1637, which was the signal of a great rising among the
peoole, ending in a memorable revolution. The annals of Church his-
tory contain few .iViOre pathetic pages than those which recount the
her':^ic ^uiTerings and death of Margaret McLaughlin and Margaret Wil-
son, the one an aged widow, the other a maiden of eighteen, who, bound
to stakes in the sea perished together in the rising tide humble martyrs
for tlie truth as it is in Jesus. Such, also, was the noble christian wife
of John Brown. The women of Scotland who have won a name as
useful and talented writers are nurnerc^us. We would like to speak of
thf works of such as Joanna Baillie, and Mrs. Mary Somerville. Ii is
worthy of remark that the works of the latter are highly prized by our
Oracious Queen, And here must we not remember our country, in
view of the many faithful men God has called into the ministry which
has not only liad an influence on the national character, but also on the
best interests of the world. The hand of the pulpit has been powerful
in guiding the people in the right way. For more than three centuries
it has been a mighty power in the land. Its influence has been felt for
good in all lands where our language is known. From John Knox to
Alexander Duff, not to speak of the living, is a long list of faithful men
whose evangelical preaching will compare favourably with the ablest
ministry of any age. These men have been known for their self-saci-
ficing zeal, for their loyalty to truth, their strong common sense, their
decision of character, their earnest eloquence, and their spirituality
of mind. You know I cannot name them all, but are we not thankful
for the Erskines, Jairies and Andrew Melville, the compeers of Knox, for
Henderson, Gillespie and Rutherford, for the great and gifted Thomas
Chalmers, for the sainted McCheyne, for Bonar and Guthrie, and many
such, as well as for our excellent missionaries such as Robert Moffatt,
David Livingston, Alexander Duff, W. C. Burns, etc., etc. Thus has
the Scottish pulpit sent its influence into many lands.

You know something of its influence in Canada. The day only
will declare the blessed results of tne labors of Drs. McGregor and Mc-
CuUough in Nova Scotia and in the maritime provinces, and in the isles
of the South Pacific Ocean. And as we look at our schools of the pro-
phets in Canada, and think of our excellent Professors Caven, McLaren,
and Gregg, Grant and Snodgrass, McVicar and Dawson, and King, and
others, are we not led back to the Scottish pulpit as the source of their
power.

Time forbids me to speak of the great social influence of Scotch-
men in this fair Canada ; but is it not the fact that our countrymen
have been led forward to posts of honor, and usefulness, and •! 1st, in
the state as well as in the church ? Are not the names of M '^onald
and McKenzie, Cameron and McDougal, (irant and McKay, etc.,
household words in Canada.

While here speaking of the memories of Caledonia and her worthy
sons and daughters, I would earnestly press on you, my fellow country-
men, and on all who hear me, to imitate their example and practice

their virtues— to follow them as far as they followed Christ. But ict
us keep in mind that we are not perfect, and avoid the vices of our
countrymen, and specially intemperance, which has injured so many.

In view then of the country which gave us birth, and the priceless
heritage of civil and religious liberty, we would say ; •' If 1 forget thee
' O Scotland,' let my right hand forget her cunning."

Let not this audience, however, conclude that our whole affections
are for Scotland ; nav, we are the world's citizens and friends, and we
desire the welfare of all for time and for eternity. Our feelings in this
regard are well expressed by our own poet :

" Then let us ptay that come it may—

As come It will for a'that, ^
That sense and worth, o'er a' the earth,

May bear the gree, and a' that,
For a' that, and a' that,

It's coming yet for a' that.
That man to man, the warld o'er.
Shall hrithers l)e Tor a'that \"