CIHM Microfiche Series (lUionographs) ICIMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Instituta for Historical Microroproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibllographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the bmt origins! copy available for Aiming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproductior., or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checiwd below. n Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur □ Covers damaged / Couverture endommagte □ Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaur^ et/ou peiiicuite Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps / Cartes g^ographiques en couleur □ Coloured inl( (i.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou nol I I Coloured plates and/or iiiustratioiis/ (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) ratiOiis / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material / Re\\6 avec d'autres documents D n Only edition available/ Seule Mitton disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure sen^ peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge int^rieure. Blanic leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, tfiese have been omitted from filming / II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes iorr d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, nruiis, iorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas «t6 f ilmtes. Additional comments / Commentaires suppi^mentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meiileur exemplaire qu*!! M a «t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bMi- ographique. qui peuvent modifier une image reproduMe. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la milho- de nomfUu'3 de fiimage sont .diqute ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur I 1 Pages damaged/ Pages endomnf»g*es D Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaurtos et/ou peliicuides Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / Pages dteoior^es, tachettes ou piqutes I I Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es \v\ Showthrough/ Transparence r^ Quality of print varies/ D D D Quality inhale de i'impression includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel suppi^mentaire Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissueb, etc., have been refiimed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totalement ou partieliement obscureies par un feuiilet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 filmdes k nouveau de fa^on k obtenir la meiileure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont fiim^es deux fois afin d'obtenir la meiileure image possible. Thit ttMii I* fHiMd at tiM raduetion ratio ehadiMl btlow / €• doeiNiMnt Mt filin* Mj tmn d* rMuetlon indiqu* eMMMMm. lOx 14x 18x 22x 26x 30v y 1 1 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x "— ' J 32x TIW eO^ lilVMd IMT* IMS ftimnka Tlw •ftiM ifiM«M appMring hM art tiM bMt qiMUty in L'«Mmptoir* fNin* fut raproduH griM A la Oin^ro ait * da; Laa imagaa auivamaa om at* raproduitas avac la plua grand aoln. eompta tanu da la eandition at da la nattatA da raKamplaIra filma, at 1% aonforaiM avae laa aondMona du eontrat da fNniaga< wngnwi Ml pnmsQ iaai paaa wftk a pagawttha Hnpcaa* a printad Tha laat racordad frama on aaah miervfleha ahai eontain tha aymbol -♦ (maaning "CON- TlMUiD"). or tha aymbol ▼ (maaning "END"), Mapa. plataa. charta. ate., may ba fHmad at diffarant raduetion ratioa. Thoaa too larga to ba ontiraly ineludad in ono OKpoaura aio fHmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand eomor. loft to right and top to bottom, aa many framaa aa raquifad. Tha following diagrama Mkiatrata tha Laa aaamplairaa orlginaux dont la couvartura an popior aat imprlmda aont fiimda an commanfant par ia prandar plat at an tarminant aoit par la da mi ira paga qui eomporto una ampraima dimpraaaion ou dIHuatration. aoit par la sacond plat, aalon la aaa. Toua laa autraa axampiairaa origlnaus aont fHmda an eomman^ant par la pramlAra paga qui eomporto uno amprainta dimpraaaion ou dltuatration at an tarminant par la darhMra paga qui eomporto una talla ompraintaa Un daa aymbolaa auivanta apparaltra aur la damiara image da ehaqua microfiche, seion le eaa: la symboia -» aignifia "A SUIVRE". la aymboie ▼ aignifia "FIN". Lee eartaa. planehoa. tabtoeux. etc.. peuvent «tre flimAa A dee taux da rMuetion diffAranta. Loraque la document eet trop grand pour Atra reproduH en un aaul cHchA, il eet fiimA A partir da Tangle aupArlaur gauche, do gauche A droite. et do haut en bee, an prenant la nombre d'Imegee nAceeeaire. Lee diegrammea auivanta IHuatrant la mAthodo. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICKOOOfV MfOUinON TKT CHMT (ANSt and SO TEST CHART No. 2) I.I 1^ |28 ■ 2-5 L£ . ■H Ul 1^ ■ 2.2 m L& ■■■ Ef LS ■ 2.0 V. ■■1 1.25 lu I 1.6 A /APPLIED IM/GE In 1(53 EM Main StrMi Rochmtaf, Nm rorf< 14609 us* (7H) 4«2 - 0300 - PIKHH (7t6) 2« ' 5989 - F, ry neeessnrv for ti. trade. Tmniodiat- c i-din? after milking, to the lowest fK.ssi} . of pr..sor,ing .nilk. Those engaged ir, supplying milk f- r di^^t consumption cannoi C's.-i,>e til.. r.^spoi,«ib.lity which rests on them for ex.rciMT.- ^.-rv pre. -it ,n which wifl nable them to furnish auch a neceasary «nd univer i-«, ' f ..ipt carrvinir' the lea.t possible danger to public health. <'-«rrying s imposed in practical tijraff. .1 in n city rnilk point, is the true secret COOr.IXO WITH WATER ONI.V. The water avannl.le for .-...Jin- purpases. in the prineipnl .irr districts of Can- ada, will vary during the ho. woallicr from about :,n to W ^^- «, j^ j, ob%-iouslv im,,os.siHo to red;.,... tl... t,>-por,-,tnr.. „f the milk lower than H .-mpf.^ture of thi? water. In fact, without a s,ieeiallv or,i,.struetrd milk pooler, it imprfr-^tionhlo to bring the temperature of the milk miieh lelow tb<> avoraire of 'hr ■nern'ur- wator :iiid that of the milk whon .•oolin-j- is begun. Si.fh pooline =MfRr prrsorvine milk through n t.orio.l of tw..nty-four hours or mon- ii, i,. The effeetivcneps of water as a eooline medium depends. ,i^ stated, on the manner in which it i< i.tilized. A very po'^imon pi.- can containing the milk in ii tub or tank of water so that water sun part of the can. A few figures will .lemonstrate the measure of effici, *- pli^ii affords. of thf -It f.r SuppoM Umn m lOb pounds (10 gillora) of milk to Im eoobd. tad tho tMnpmi. ton dirwtljr aftmr milkinff. allowinc for tonM Bir oooliaf, U 90 iagnm. II thk milk to plaowi ia • Unk containinc aa m|u«I quantity of w«t« at M dagnM. tlM raaoh. tbMwtiealljr. wouM ba to r^Juoe the tanporatun of tlM milk to TS dMiaas (90>56 + i = 73). In praotioa. bowarar, tba aatual ooolinc would ba laas. baaaiaa tbo water will abwrb boat from the air in tiw mMmtima. Evan if tba watar ia akangad tftor the flrat supply baa loat ite ooolinc powar, tka mj boat tkat aouM ba anaolad aft* ona chance, would ba to brine the milk down to about 84 dafNaa. A taaporatwa MM dacraeo ia not low anonch for prcaerrinc Saturday nichfa or Sunday momiac^ milki The adTantacM of uainc 'a aproial milk cooler an twofold. Firat, the oooUoc may be done nion- rapidly and therafore more effeetirely. and aaeond. only about half the quantity of water will be required to reach a reauU limilar to that aecuiad hr aurroundinc the milk cana with water. wi NaoiaaAaT roa tomi Rouchly apeakinc, 10 pounda of ice are equal in coolinc powar to 1W> pounda of ooW water. Thua 100 pounds of water containinc 10 pounda of ice wi!' u aa mudi ooolinc aa 200 pounda of the same water. Or, in other worda, the uaa of ioa in the water aurroundinc the milk may do away with the neoeaaity for ehancinc it The aame advantac* appliea in the oaaa of uainc a apeeial milk cooler. Tha ioa can ba placed in the reoeptacla which conUina the aupply of watar for the oookr. But the moot important advantace in the uaa of ice ariaae from tha fact that by iU uae the temperature of tha milk can be reduced to, and maintained at, a lower point than ia poaaible with tha uie of water alone; and a low temperatnia ia abaolotaly neoeaaary for preaenrinc milk for lencthy perioda. Tha temperature ahonld be rodoead to 60 decreea and maintained at that >mperatura when milk ia to be kept from Saturday nicht or Sunday mominc till the followinc Monday mominc. The aceompanyinc pKin (Plate 1) ahowa a oonTenient arrancement for tha ator> ace of ice in connection with a milk atand. deaigned to meet the need* of patrona of eheeae factoriea and oreameriea. This plan waa first broui^t to the writer's attention ij Mr. G. 0. Publow, Chief Dairy Instructor for Eaatem Ontario, when trarellinc witt him throuch Haatingi and Prince Edward oountiaa, when many of tha pro- creaaiTO formers have adopted this plan. A model oombined milk atand and ice-houae waa erected on the crounda of the Central Canada Exhibition Aaaociation at Ottawa laat autumn, and attracted considerable attention. This arrancement, which afforda both protection from the weather and duet, a:.d alao from animala or inaeeta, if all openinga are provided with acreena, and convenience for the coolinc of the milk, cannot be too hichly recommended. Very cnat improvement would be made in our hot weather eheeae if the night's milk waa alwaya properly cooled, and the aavinc of loaa in caaeo where the milk tuma aour bafon reachinc the factory would amount to a very considerable sum. To utiliw the ioe for houaehold purpoaee in connection with an arrangement of this kind, it would be neceeaary to provide an inaulated ice box in which to put articlea of food aloiijr with a quantity of ice from time to time. A simple arrancement, which will gi.e good satisfaction, ia to make a box in the ahape of a trunk or cheat, lined with galvanized iron, and divided in the centre by a partition open it the top and bottom to allow for a circulation of air between the two compartmenta. The ice can be placed in one side of tlv) partition and articles of food on the other side. A box constructed ns follows wiil (rive good satisfaction: One layer of matched boards covered with one inch o. hair felt and finished with another layer of inch-boards. Thnt is to any, t'ue sides, top and bottom will consist of two ply of matched boards with one layer of one-inch hair felt between. The cover should fit tightly and be pro- vided with a cushion of some kind to make it air-tight. The galvanired iron lining ia necessary to p-event the dampnesb from affecting the wood and destroying the in- sulation. Tt :s .ecessary to provide a drainage pipe for the melting ice, and the MljM ihould be tf.pp«| to prmiit yMMf* ti ^ir. If hd, frft ounot b. pto««f,4 Ife* bra and ffll tkla apao* with nUniav mill *' »iii*i or tbefougUr diy ■•iMttrt. Clci/atioh acoTion COMBINED ICC HOUSE AND MILK STAND. /r*"- ^cviiC •' rter. rioo* or "nir %TANO. ice Mouac. . ^uT^Tii^'? *°.'*"u V""?" 2"°P'*^ • ""'^^ •*«"«• «»» * ■»"" 'Mle. will find a plan and apeoifioation in the Dairy Oomir lioner's Report for 1906. QDAnrrrT or ioe bxquibed. A cubic foot of ioe weighs 67J pounda. One ton of solid ioe nr-Murea approximately 86 cubic feet. A coMumptJon of 2 cubic feet (116 pound«) r day for four montiu would amount to nearly 7 tona. Allowing for the waate when aucfa a oomparjtivebr small body of ice ia stored, a buildinir 10 feet square end 10 feet M^ will afford ample space for that quantity of ice. if it is carefully packed fifty pound* per daj for four montlia would amount to 3 tona. Allowing for WMts, • Mlid blook of ioe 6 f«et square and 6 feet liigh ahould be auffioient if pro> perly stored. For the purpose of estimating the weii^t of ice roughly by the number of blockst the following table will be found convenient: — 12 blocks 18 X 86 inches, 8 inches thicks=l ton 10 8 7 6 5 18 z 86 18 X 86 18 X 36 18 X 36 18 X 36 10 12 14 16 20 = 1 = 1 = 1 = 1 = 1 IK8TBUCTION8 FOB TUS OBOIN&ItV STOBAOK OF lOB. (Extract from BulUtin No. 10.) "L Provide for drainage by filling the area of the ice-house with broken stones or oobble stones, covered with cinders or gravel. A few inches will do on the top of a ^velly and porous soil. On a heavy clay soil a greater depth will be neoeaaary. A tile drain should be laid in the earth, under the gravel, along the centre of the building. 2. Lay 2 x 6-inch sills, double, and binding at comers, or one sill 8x8 feet, oni posts. Set up 2 X 6-inch studs at 24-inch centres, topped with 2 x 6-inch plates, double. Sheet the outside of the studs with matched siding. Line the inside with rough boards, as well as the under side of the rafters. Leave space between studs empty. Have doors in sections running up from the sill to the gable at one end of the ioe-houae. 3. Before putting in the ioe cover the stones or gravel in the ice-house with 12 inches of dry gaw-dui»t. 4. Pack the ioe directly on the sawdust. Leave a space of 12 inches between the walla and the ice. Place the cakes of ice as close together as possible, and fill in all unavoidable spaces with crushed ice or snow, well rammed. Never use any saw-dust between the tiers. 6. Fill the 12-inch space between the ice and the wall with dry saw-dust Be careful that the saw-dust dot g not contain any ice chips or snow. When no saw-dust is available, cut hay or cut straw, or chafi, may be used, but in this case the space be- tween the wall and the ice should be twice as large (24 inches instead of 12) and care should be taken to have the hay or straw packed as well as possible. 6. Cover the ice on top with saw-dust or long hay; 12 inches of saw-dust will do. Hay should be put on 2 feet thick. Hay and saw-dust make an equally g^ood covering, if used in proper quantities. When saw-dust is used, put on 2 feet thick at first. This will leave 12 inches to spare to fill in the sides in the spring, when the saw-dust along the sides has settled. 7. A loft floor over the ice-house does more harm than good, as it prevents cir- culation of air and keeps the covering damp. Have an opening at each end of the gable fitted with louvre boards, and have a ventilator 18-inch square going through the middle of the roof to create a thorough circulation of air and thus prevent accu- mulation of heat under the roof. 8. Bank the ice-house up above the sill with earth or saw-dust, in order to prevent any entrance of air around the sill. Copies of Bulletin No. 20 may be obtained free for each patron of a creamery, by application to the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner, Ottawa. >\ i I. il M