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HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW OK THK LAKE8, H1VEK8, ISLANUS, C'lTIKS, TOWNS, WATERING PLACES. FISHERIES, VESSELS, STEAMERS, CAPTAINS, DISASTERS, LIAKLY NAVIGATORS, MINERAL WEALTH, TRADE. COMMERCE, TRANSPORTATION, ETC., ETC. D E T I{ I T : HISTORICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1877. PRICE 25 CENTS. ^1 « Icia^ Hcpl:;:.'.') U&i?. IJ!>> 9iJt llWll|blll* iBi w ^^k i [t^' -^z, THE PORT OF WINDSOR, ONT. L HISTORICAL REVIEW. Trade and Commerce — Business and Business Men — Advantage of Location — Progress it has Made — Great Results from Small Beginnings. BETWEEN seventy and eighty years ago the site of the present town of Windsor was little hotter than a wilderness; a few log cabins and three or four more pretentious log houses were the only indi- cations of civilization. 'Tis true the farms, if such they might be called, were owned by those who cultivated them, but their crops served only to supply their daily wants, save a periodical exchange of commodities with the Northwest Trading Company, who had a station in the neighbor- hood of Sandwich, and another at Troy, one mile above Windsor. Among the most prominent of the early settlers of this neighborhood was Francis Baby, P. Oullette, the Rowe and the Soyeau familiei; many of whose descendants are at the present time among the most wealth v i.r\d prom- in<^nt residents of Essex County. Some idea of the value of real udt'-.ie a few years previous to this may be gathered from the following: Daring iho occu- pancy of Detroit by the French the property which now forms part of the corporation of Windsor, known as the Jennett farm, was sold by the com- mandant of the fort at Detroit for a yearly rent charge of sik bushels of ^ wheat and two capons. But about this time the emigration fever, kept alive by the reports of the fabulous resources of the Far West, combined with the superior local advantages offered by its location on one of the moat beautiful rivers of the continent, induced very many during the succeeding fifteen or twenty years to locate in the neighborhood ; indeed, so rapidly did the popu- lation increase that in 1828 there were upward of five hundred residents in the nelghboriiood, between Sandwich and Walkerville. About 1796 Angus •A i S\ ' J N THE LAKE PORTS. Latin Bnd Greek and a more complete course of muthematicfi, naturul sciences, belles lettn-M ond history— ancient and nKMlern. The college Is a thorouKhly flrstclass one in every respect, and iinder the JudlelotiH management of Its president. Rev. Denis O'Connor, It hus hecomu by far the finest collejje In the county, and has few. If any. superior In the province. ASSUMPTION COLLEGE! SANDWICH. ONTARIO, (orrotiTi DSTaoiT, hichioan, unitu itatm.) Under the tpeeUd patronage of Right Rev. John Walth, D. D., Biehop of London. Ontario, and the direction of the Baeitian Fatltere. THE BIUDIEB EMBBACE THE 0LA88I0AL AND OOMMEBOIAL. Term* ineluding aU ordinuru eJtiteiine*, Canada money. flSO.OO per annum. V^partimlare apply to HEV. DENIS OUONMR. PrenSent. M B —AH fee» to b« paid itrictly in advance, in three lerm«, at the beainning of September, lotK of December, and aolh ol March, Defaulter* after one week from the dalei above meniioned will not be allowed to attend the College. No deduction shall be made for any term commenced, unleti in case* of prolonged illneu or expulsion. Addreu, REV. DENIS O'CONNOR, PremUnt of the College. W. H. E. WHITING, Among the successful business men of Windsor, may be mentioned W. H. E Whiting, who occupies a line three-story buildlrg on the east side of Sandwich street, twenty-two feet wide bv seventy feet deep, as a clothing •tore The business was estobllshed by Mr. Cameron about live years ago, the present proprietor having been In possession since conie by far tlu! Uncut coIIi'kc In tlie county, and baa few. if any, HUi»erlitr In the province. ASSUMPTION COLLEGE! SANDWICH, ONTARIO, (OPrcWrtB OaraOIT, MICHIOAH, UMITBD tTATH.) Under the ipedal ptUronage of Right liee. John Wdlth, D. />., Bithop qf Lmidon, Ontario, and the directum of the Ban'U'nn Fatkert. THE STUDIES EMBSiCE THE 0LA8SI0AL AID OOMMEBOIAL. nrm$ itteludina all ordinary emeii»e», ('niuubt uwnev. Hl.W.OO per annum. Fbr parHeulare apply to KEV. DENIS O'COyNOR. PrenSenl. H B.— All fMk to b* paid ttriclly in advance, in thrae lannt, at the baiinnlna of SeptamlMr. mh of Dacamber, and loth ol March. Dcfaultara after one week from the dates above mentioned will not be albwed to attend the College. No deduction ihall be made for any term commenced, unUu in caiet of prolonged illneu or expuUion. Addreu, REV. DENIS O'CONNOR, Preeident of the College. W. H. E. WHITINQ, ed W. H. Among the successful business men of Windsor, may be mentlooed E Whitiso, who occupies a fine three-story building on the ei9 side of Sandwich street, twenty-two feet wide by seventy feet deep, as a clothing store. The business was established by Mr. Cameron about five years ago, the present proprietor having been in possession since the spring of 1878. This is the only exclusive ready-made clothing establishment In the citv. The stock is a very fine one and embraces everything appertaining to the clothing and gento* furnUhing goods trade. On account of the superiority of his goods he enjoys an extensive local and country patronage. Parties visiting Windsor cannot do better th»n trade at this reliable institution. From a moderate commencement, by ^ying strict attention to the wants of his customers, Mr. Whiting has succeeded In establishing a business the returns from which aggregate about #80,000 annually. W. H. E. "WHITING- Keep* oeaalwUy on hand a laigc and well Mlaeted stack sf Mm'i TtnUW and Boys' Ready-Made Clothing, in aU the Latest Styles, Also sU the latest aorelties ia HaU, Caps and Genu' Fumithing*. BILK HANDKBRCHIBFB and FINE NECKWEAR A 8PECIALTT. DoatfidltocaU. WINDSOR CLOTHING STORE, *^ 3] Opera Honu Block, Wihbsob, Out. •mm^ urnl sclviiccii, u thoroiisbly (omi-nt of liH 'A colli>)(i* In EGE! \op<\f l/nidon. [EBOIAL. per annum, naent. IE of SepUmlMr. above mentioned erm commenced, ONNOR, of the College. Doed e ei^ side of as a clothing Ive years ago, prlng of 1878. I the city. The to the clothing ty of his gooils siting Windsor }m a moderate i^ustomers, Mr. 18 from which Ltaeit Styles, igt. 'ECIALTT. ORE, 1^ WiHDMW, Out. THE LAKE PORTS. BLACK & CHEYNE. Tlilit tirin have one of thi* lar)^t'Mt dry giNtds ami mllllnfry Iioiiiwn In Windsor. They occupy a tlircf Htory brick liiilldiiiK. with a frontage of twi>nty-flvo feet Ity sixty f«'»'t dcf|» on Sandwich Mtrcct. The firm was •■Mtiililisiu-*! by Its pre- sent nroprietoiH In the t tlie fair visitors. Althougii Messrs. IIi.ack & (.'iikvnk, have been comparatively but a short time in bust- nem. they may Justly claim a front place among the merchants of Windsor. BLACK & CHEYNE, TRADE MAUK. BEAVEE HOUSE, No. 17 SANDWICH STREET, WINDSOR, iMPOBTma or 0®r GOODS AK'D MILLIKEUY, GENTS' FURNISHINGS. HAT"S, CAPS AND FURS. THE SANDWICH MINERAL SPRINGS. One of the most important institutions of the ancient and pictureflque little town of Sandwich, are the MUieral Springs, known as the "Pool of Siloam." The efflcacy of medicated waters ana springs has been recognized from time immemorial as instrumental in curing many diseases which flesh is heh- to. The famous Saratoga Springs, and others .may of course claim precedence as fashionable resorts, but it is doubtful whether as much can be said respecting the healing properties of their waters, many smaller and less noted springs according to medical authority, affording far greater advantages to inTaliils. The Springs forming the subject of this artif le, are destined ere long to become a pot)nlar place of resort and a rendezvous for invalids. The analysis of the watvr shows that although sulphur is the predominating feature, a considerable quantity of iron, magnesia, &c., enter into its composition; rendering it a moat msm^- immm t\,n Hill)— II i.™ •H, i I, 1 ''it il|^ m THE LAKE PORTS. that is perfectly irresistible. The sitting rooms are also deserving of special notice for the extremely lavish manner in wliich they are appointed. Each con- tains a handsome piano, so that guests returning to the hotel after a day's weari- some business, or not less wearisome pleasure, can be solaced by listenmg to the sweet music evoked bv the white Angers of some fair guest. There is also a veranda on the second floor, overlooking the Detroit river. This is a beautiful place for guests to sit in the evening The cool breezes from off the river being particularly refreshing in summer, and affording the visitor, besides one of the best opportunities that could possibly be given of witnessing the various aquatic contests tliat are frequently taking place during the season. This year, as is well known, the International Rowing Association's annual boating regatta will take place at Detroit. This magnificent sight, in which all the best muscle and sinew of American boating associations will participate, and which many will travel hundreds of miles to see, can be witnessed from no better point or elevation than the veranda of the <3rawford House. On the top of the building is a handsome cupola, accessible b^' a staircase and contidning glass windows at all points of the compass, having a fine view of the river and surrounding country for a radius of twenty miles. From this elevBtion the roqf can m gained, and here a fine bird's eye view of Detroit is obtainable, and Perch island and Orosse Point, a distance of about fifteen miles, is plainly visible without the aid of either telescope or prospect glass. A splendid table is kept, under experienced management, and every care taken to please the taste of the most fastidious. The liouse has ample accommodations for two hundred guests. The staff of employes is large and efllcient, and guests may rely on being treated with politeness and consideration by all. The hotel is under the ex- perienced management of Mr. Frank Washburn, for some time clerk during the proprietorship of Mr. Herons, and under his skillful rale the house is in a flourishmg and prosperous condition. Bath rooms and appurtenances are pro- vided for guests free of charge. These rooms are handsomely fitted and com- plete in everv particular. One fact must not be forgotten, viz : that the gas with wliich the hotel is lighted is made on the premises, it being the only place in Windsor where that conibustible is used. Mr. Crawford is a gentleman well and favorably known among business circles. He is a well known capitalist, possessing a large quantity of property ;n Montreal. Windsor and other places, and too much praise cannot be given him for the good he has done the town of Windsor in establishing within her precincts so fine an institution as the Craw- foi-d House. ASKIN dt BABY'S VINEGAR WORKS. This extensive business was first established by Mr. Hiram Walker, of Detroit, in 1856. The premises, which consist of a fine three-story building, forty-eight feet square, occupy lot sixty-six of the first conceasion at Sandwich. Subsequently the business passed into the hands of Mr. John Thorpe, who sold out to its present proprietors, Messrs. Abkin & Baby, about two years ago. These works possess all the requirements for carrying on a large business. Their specialty consists in making a superior vinegar from highwines, for which they have an immense demand, their trade extending over the whole county and province, and in the manufacture of which .several hands are cm- ployed. This is the largest vinegar works west of Hamilton, Ontario. Mr. Askin, the senior partner of this firm, is one of the oldest residents of Sand- wich, and was the late County Register, which office his father held for many years previously. ESTABLISHGD 1856. ' P. O. DRAWER 835. ASKIN & BA BY Manufacturen of pure VINEGARS^ WHITE WINE, CIDER AND MALT, "Windsor Vinegar Works. V WIN080B. ONTARIO. . A...„ Tving of special nted. Each cen- ter a da^'sweari- ir listening to the Thert3 is also a his is a beautiful om off the river r>r, besides one of ssing the various ason. This year, il boating regatta 1 the best muscle and which many ) better point or p of the building glass windows at and surrounding I the roof can be nable, and Perch is plainly visible adid table is kept, e the taste of the hundred guests, lay rely on being is unaer the ex- time clerk during the house is in a tenances are pro- y fitted and com- viz : that the gas [ng the only place a gentleman well known capitalist, and other places, done the town of ititm as the Craw- s. liram Walker, of •ee-story building, ision at'Sandwich. ohn Tlwrpe, who lOut two years ago. 1 a large business, im highwines, for ng over the whole eral hands are em- ,on, Ontario. Mr. residents of Sand- her held for many '. O. Drawer 835. ND MALT, THE LAKE PORTS. BLACK & CHEYNE. This Arm have one of the largest dry goods and millinery houses in Windsor. They occupy a tliree story brick building, with a frontage of twenty-five feet by sixty feet deep un Sandwich street. The firm was established by its pre- sent proprietors in the bipring of 1872, and have succeeded in making it one of the finest concerns in the town. Their display of silks is very tine, many Detroit ladies visit Windsor for the express purpose of patronizing this favor ite establishment. The millinery business in couuection with tlie concern, is a very extensive one, by far the largest in town, and employs several hands. There are numerous other departments connected with the business, such as the shawl department, mantle and jacket department, &c. &c., all equally well appointed, and doubtless equally attractive to the fair visitors. Although Messrs. Black & Ciibvnb, have been comparatively but a short time in busi- ness, they may justly claim a front place among the merchants of Windsor. BLACK & CHEYNE, TRADE MARK. BEAVEE HOUSE, No. 17 SANDWICH STREET, WINDSOR, iMPonraBs or ©Sr GOODS JiXD MILLIXEnr, GENTS' FURNISHINGS, HATS, CARS AND FURS- THE SANDWICH MINERAL SPRINGS. One of the most important institutions of the ancient and pictureflque little town of Sandwich, are the Mineral Sprines, knovni as the "Pool oi Siloam." The efficacy of medicated waters and springs has been recognized from time immemorial as instrumental in curing many diseases which flesh is heir to. The famous !f the Duiiding MS windows at d surrounding lie roof can be bie, and Perch plainly visible id table is kept, he taste of the inndred guests. rely on being under the ex- le clerk during 3 house is in a lances are pro- itted and com- :: that the gas ; the only place gentleman well lown capitalist, id other places, >ne the town of >n as the Craw- am Walker, of -story building, >n at Sandwich. D Thorpe, who t two years ago. large business, hignwines, for over the whole 1 haixds are em- , Ontario. Mr. idents of Sand- r held for many >. Drawer 885. } MALt i\ »■ (,.1 %k nt D St "' WifMI - i GOODRICH TRANSPORTATION CO. Side-Wheel Steamboat Ziinee. Passenger steamers leave Chicago altenmtely for Racine, lilwiDkei, hUm Mi laiitof oc. The Bi.boaht Siob-Wribl Btiamboatb Every Mornin?, Sundays excepted, at 9 o'clock. (tatnrdajr'ii Boat don't leave until 8 o'clock, P. IH. Friday IMomlncc'H Boat Koea Tbronch to Keivenaw and Ahnepce. Connects at KAaNE with W. V. K. R., and at MILWAUKEE with all Kallroada for the West and North. Also connect* at Milwaukee with Steamer DE PBUB, Tuesday and Thursday BveuinRS, (or LUDINOTON and MANI8TKE. Thi DE PBBE also leaves Milwaukee every ifaturday evenlDK for LTTDING- TON, MANI8IBB and FUANKFORT. The Green and Bncanaba Bay Line of Boatii leave Tueadajr and Friday Bvenlnirs at 7 o'clock, touekluc at Intermediate Porta. iS^raveling by the Boats, Board included, cheaper than Staying at Home ! Fare to Milwaukee. Meals included, only $S.OO, being i|1.00 less than by Rail. R. R. Tickets good on the Boats. ' For Grand Haven, UlaakeKon, Pentivater, Bl Holland, Allecan, Grand Baplda, Frnf" Detroit, etc., every evenlnn, Sundays except er, Bte Ba itport, Spr ed, at 7 u'clo aplda. Traverae City, ring Lake, Saclnaw, ock. Ezeurslonlsts f rom Chloaco on Saturday Evening's Boat, can'arrlve back in Chlcavo early Monday Morning. Kare to Orand Haven only $S.SOi Muskegon, $8.00t Grand Bapida, $8.50 ) Berth included. For St. Joseph, thr new and elegant hide-Wheel Steemer "COHONA," every morniag, Sundays excepted, at 10 o'clock Saturday's Boat will not leave until 11 P. M For Green Bay, Henomlnee, and Intermediate Porta, every Tuesday and Friday evening, at 7 o'clock. 9- All Steaners leave tnm VeedrMi's Steaabeat Jteck, fiDot of BlelilfaB Aveaae. A. E. GOOnBICH, Preg't T. O BUTLIS^ Sup't. A^ ION CO. 8. uUfly for laiofOG. ) o'clock. p. m. and Ahnepee. wtth all KallroHd* iiesday and ISTKE. K for LUDING- tdajr and Friday %U> Portn. Staying at Home ! lil.UO less than by [■, Traveme City, ; lake, Saginaw, Excuntonista from icagto early Monday OO; Grand Baplda, "COHONA." every will not leave until I, every Tuesday and r ■lehltaa Aveaae. UTLIN, Sup't. I PORT HURON, //s Early History — Trade and Commerce — Business and Business Men — Advantage of Locations-Progress it has Made — Great Results from Small Beginnings. toE first authentic accounts of the settlement of the country along the St. Clair River have of necessity been obtained by tradition. Until 168(1 there were no settlors in the neighborhood, but during this year a military station was established at the point where Port Gratiot is now located. This post was called St. Joseph, and was occupied until the fall of 1678, when it was abandoned. From this time no further settlement was attempted until one hundred and lour years later. During this time the whole of this country was occupied by roving bands of Chippewa Indians and a few French half-breeds. It was their favorite camping ground, fre- quently as many as two thousand being assembled at one time. The earliest account of white settlers in this neighborhood dates back to 1790, when Anslem Petct and six other Frenchmen with their families settled here. One Jarvais built a saw-mill on what is now known as Indian Creek, but was then named La Riviere Jarvais, and Black River was called La River Delude. During the war of 1812, in which many tribes of the neigh- boring Indians took a prominent part, these early settlers were obliged to leave their homes, but early iu 1815 they they returned reinforced and re-took them. , m ^ ' — ai,^--iT-ri — TTi- 38 THE LAKE PORTS. » !- The late Edward Pctet was the first white child born in the settlement This important event took place in a lo^ hou8e at the foot of what U now Court street, on the 7th of February, 1813. Mr. Petet was a large property owner in Port Huron and vicinity. He died a short time since, beloved for his many social qualities, and respected by all classes as an upright business man and gentleman. His father, the Anslcm Pctet before mentioncroa<'hes the city no nearer than Fort Gratiot, but the Port Huron and Lake Michigan Railroad runs directly into it. With the .Vmerican antl (Canadian railroatls Port Huron has direct communication with all parts of the continent. m i FmtM » /tg^j jglfl0f iiiiiiii'iiiiiM mtm mmmmmmmmmmmsm 0r'^-vr- i I 40 THK LAKE PORTS. Black Kivor, which taken its riHc in the pine wootlx n( Hanilac nn«l I^apeer counties, llnwHinto the Bt. Clair Kivor at Port Huron, and practically diiriden the city into two parts. It U employe*! for the HoatiuKdown lar^e quantities of loffH, a Ki^'ater part of which are manufactured into lumlier at Port Huron. The river within the city limitH is crosHed by two elegant iron bridge!*, costing a large Hum of money each. Two large dry dockn and several Hhipyardn are loca^d here. There are fifteen hotclf) in the city, the Urincipai one being the Huron IIouhc. There are two ably (conducted papers, the Times, daily and weekly, and the Oommemial, semi-weekly. The naturally beautiful location of Port Huron, just below the rapids on the Bt. Glair HIver, its jiosilion on an elevated terrace overlooking a vast extent of country, its salubrious atmosphere and iK'autiful rural surroundings, makes it one of the most attractive spots in Michigan. A perusal of the fol- lowing ])ages will readily convince the most skeptical that it promises shortly to become not only a favorite place of residence, but one of the leading manu- facturing points of the Northwest. Port Huron, as compared with other western cities, affords imusual advantages to capitalists, manufactun-rs, and others desirous of extending their operations or seeking new lields of enterprise. The Black River and Pine River, which have their rise in th«' great pine regions of Northern Michigan, empty themselves into the Bt. Clair through this city, and annually float down many million feet of logs, which are manufactured into lumber for home and eastern markets. These, with several smaller streams In the vicinity, offer most eligible sit(!s for the building and operating, at a small cost, woolen mills, chair factories, paper mills and various other industries. Possessing a large extent of river front, exceptionabiy adapted to manufac- turing purpo.scH and contiguous to the northwestern terminus of the Orand Trunk Railroad, and the recently constructed extension of Chicago & Lake Huron Railroad, the facilities for shipping to any part of the continent, either by boat or rail, are at this point unequaled by anj' western port. Hitherto the principal iron mauufacturcrs of the United States liave been devoted to the anthracite regions of the country. But that these industries can be as advantageously prosecuted in closer proximity to the mineral deposits of the northern peninsula has already I>een demonstrated. Indeed, there can be no rea-son whv blast furnaces, steam forges, steel works and other iron manufacturing inten^sts should not be as successfully operated In Port Huron, Michigan, as in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In the former ca.se, it is true, the greater part of the coal nei^ded in its manufacture would have to brought from the fields of Pennsylvania; but, on the other hand, the ore has to be tntnsported , in its native state, at a great expense, to those cities which now control this manufacture. That the many advantages this neigh- borhood possesses should so long have been overlooked is astonishing ; with the most expeditious means of transportation the United States affords, with x^ti ilac nnd Ijapoer neticsUy cit^iden iHr^tt quantities luinlicr at Port wo ttlc^ant iron dry dnclci* and n the city, the inducted pnperB, w the rapids on cirlooking a vaflt nl HurrouudingM, ruHal of the fol- proiniiteM shortly le lea(linj( manu- nffordt) unusual >us nf extending ItlHcli Kivor and ons of Northern ity, and annually ired into lumber !r streams in the ating, at a small other industries. |ited to manufac- nus of the Grand Chicago & Lake of the c(mtinent, stern port. States have been t these industries y to the mineral strated. Indeed, steel works and fully operated in the former case, ;ture would have ler hand, the ore se, to those cities ntaj^es this neigh- istonishing ; with ites affords, with THE LAKE PORTS. 41 dose and rontinuous connertion, Iwth by boat and rail, to all the principal cities of this country and Canada, surrounded with plenty of the best timlier that the country priMlucos, and which can be bought, manufactured and shipped to any point at much less cost than it could be in eastern cities, with the thous- ands of tons of iron, cop|>er and silver ore that are prcnluccd annually in the State, and which could be smelted and manufactured here as cheaply ns at any olher point, yet in the face of these indisputable facts there are no great manufacturing interests represented in this city. Why should our farmers bo compelled to use harvesters, reapers, mowers and other agricultund imple- ments of eastern manufacture, purchascit of which they arc made are first produced from Michigan soil? Why should the millions of timber annually felled in this State be manufactured into lumber with eastern machinery, when the Tory components out of which man's ingenuity has manufactured the circular saw, the planer, and the edger, exist in rich abundance under their very hearthstones? Aside from all these conclusive reasons for making Port Huron a great manufacturing center, it possesses geographical features of undeniable advan- tage as a place of residence. Located on one of the most beautiful rivers in the world, surrounded by a rich an}' well-kept gardens and lined with stately shade trees that shelter the pedestrian from the scorching sun of summer, while the cool breezes from the broad space of Huron's blue waters murmur lovingly among their branches, lends a charm to the suburban retreats of this delightful city, that to be appreciated must lie enjoyed. For the benefit of those who live at a distance and who cannot personally investigate the numerous advantages, commercial, social and otherwise which this article has endeavored to depict, we add the names of a few of the most prominent and wealthy citizens and oldest inhabitants of this city, who will be pleased to answer any enquiries respecting building sites, etc., that those \ •^r— ^ 4» THE LAKE PORTS. (IcRirniiH of Inditing in tliis (;ity may dcHiro to lutk: Mayor Uoycn, tlon. D. B. Harrington, lianiter; TriiHtecM Hanliorn FiMlal(\ McNNnt. Howard «& Sun, lumber n>orc!liuntH, Edgar White, Eh(|., O'Brien J. Atkinson, Kn(|., William Stewart, FiH({.,and John JolinHon, Eh(|. , hanker, either of whom will promptly uuHwer any communicationH addretiHed to them. . HURON HOUSE, I'OKT HURON, .MlCn. This hamkomo and rommodiouH hotel occu|)ie» a prominent position on Huron avenue, and few wentern houseH can lioast mo handHomo an exterior, and the proHcnt owner and proprietor, Mr. W. Amki*, has used every meann in hlH power to render the internal arrangemcjntu equal to tliow" of any hotel in the went, and hi^ praiseworthy efforts h^Tve not been in vain, for a more com- fortable IkmI than Ih furnished to the weary traveler eannot Ik; desired; and the most epicurean taste must perforce admit that the tattles are spread right royally with the best of fare the markets alTord. The olflee and public sit- ting room, a large, light and airy apartment, occupies the front of the first floor ; next follows the bar, which is plentifully slocked with the best and most popular wines and iicpiors ; adjoining this is the billiard room, si.xty- eight feet long by twenty feet wide, in which are five first-class tables and furniture manufactured by 8(;hulnnburg of Detroit. The second floor is «k3- cupied by the parlors and best Ited-rooms, and these apartments are! furnished with a degree of luxury and elegance; that is rarely to be, m»'t witli outside our larger cities. This popular hotel was rebuilt of red brick, tinislied in stone, the upper stories being supported by handsomely fluted iron pillars, surmounted by massive capitals of elegant (i mrni^- Uoyeo, Hon. lowiird & Hon, Ksq.. William I will pniniptly nit positinn on no iin exterior, ((I every mennn we of liny hotel for II more i.'om- >e desired; iind iro Hpreiid right und public 8it- •ont of the first til the liest iind rd mom, HJxty- rliiMH tuhleH nnd lond Hot)r in oc- tsiiro furnished et with outHide ick, ttnislied in ed inm pillars, ontainM u large manner. Fow I every respect to the traveling i day connecting ui& Lake Huron Ont., and Port ner resort Port ?s thjkt constant- ies afforded for the rendezvous >tuine(l .so much troprietor, there long become a THE I.AKK PORTS. 43 WM. STEWART & CO. WIIOI.KHAI.K ANIt KKTAII. irAHDWAKK MKItC'IIANTM. In the year 1840. wlien most of the businesH interests of Michigan west of Detroit were in their infancy, ami laying the fountlatlon of the vast nutuu- facturing and commercial industries that now add Itrilliancy to the annals of the Peninsular State, Wm. Stkwakt embarked in the hardware business In partnership with David Mc(;all. Although the firm possessed none of the gigantic proportions at its start that ar his skilful management it rapidly increased in ex- tent and popularity until still more extensive ])rero!ses became an absolute necessity. Recognizing this fact, he pun^hased the valuable property ou the north side of Military street, west of Water street, and built the handsome red brick stores now occupied by the pn^sent flrni. Four years after he took possession of his new ston;s, Messrs. P. B. Sanhorm and Ezka C Cakltok, both gentlemen possessing an enviable reputation as thoroughly reliable and trustworthy business men, l>ecume associated with him as partners. By the united energy of the.se gentlemen this nianimoth hou.se has extended its trade throughout the greater part of Eastern Michigan, and to the indomita ble pluck of this house may be attributtid the origin and rapid growth of the wholesale trade of Port Huron. Mr. Stkwart'h business career has few parallels in the annals of commercial success. Commencing in a new coun- try, with a small capital, and contending with unflinching energy and will with all the mercantile disasters that invaded the rising merchant of those early days he succeeded not only In surmounting all obstacles, but did so without compromising his commercial honor or failing to meet any obliga- tion. Enjoying a handsome competency, the fruits of his unceasing labor' and careful management, he has retired from active co-operation in the pros- perous business he established more than a quarter of a century ago. But the acknowledged integrity and ability of the active partners, Messrs. it«M0t» ^\. 8B I It- ':» 1 44 THB LAKE PORTS. Haniiohn & Cahi.ton, ar« (tutWch'ut (fuarnnUtuH that Iho princely himiw of Han- itoHN, ('aki.ton & Co. will continuii to lioltl itN nwii anil niitrit IntTcaiwd putronnge. STEWART Hardware House. William 8t«iia»t, I Hpouiai. f Pmm B. BAmmM), ) General KiaA C. C'AaivroN, t I'srtnera. SANBORN. CARLTON & CO.. SHIP CHANDLERS AND HARDWARE MERCHANTS, IRON, NAILB, 8TOVK8, Plumbers and Steam Fitters, TIN AND COPPER WORKS. Strwart Block. 8 & 10 Mimtahy St., PORT HURON, MICH. HULL & BOYCE, GENERAL HARDWARE. This •well known house is one of the most reliable and oldest establish- ments devoted to this trade west of Detroit. It was first started by the senior partner in 1850. The present firm has existwi since 1870 ; increasing with the growth of the (jountry, it has extended its trade tliroughout the greater portion of Northern Michigan. Port Huron being the chief mart for the surround- . Ing agriciilturai districts, as well as an important lake port, affords peculiar advantages for the successful operation of this branch of commerce. This house handles large quantities of heavy hardware, builders' materials, agri- cultural implements, marine hardware, mechanics' tools, cutlery, stoves, etc., and their extensive stock is one of the most complete and carefully selected in the state. Mr. Hull, who has always been actively prominent in all that pertains to the welfare and advancement of the city, was elected to the office of city treasurer for the years 1869-70, and Mr. Boyck was elected to the mayorality in 1870, and now occupies the same honorable position. These gentlemen are deservedly esteemed as leading spirits in all things pertaining to the public weal ; and as merchants their characters for integrity and fair dealing is unsullied. HULL & BOYCE, Dealers In HARDWARE, STOVES, FARMING IMPLEMENTS, &c. MiLiTAEY Street, Port Huron, Mich. k m»anj.iiii1li)lili«iiiitiniiiriiii III 1" i^HWMiiiiia ly hoHMuif Han- niitrit incri'iiiiod JSE. lkbom), ) OenenU U.TUN, t I'srtnen. K RCHANTS, JHON, MICH. RE. I oldeM establish- rted by the senior creasing with the le greater portion for the Hurround- , aflords peculiar commerce. This !«' materials, agri- llery, stoves, etc., ref ully selected in ninent in all that ectod to the office as elected to the : position. These things pertaining integrity and fair SMENTS, &c. H. THE LAKE PORTS. 45 JOHN R. TAYLOR'S lIAKnWARK IIOIISK, 1U!H"N AVKNi;K, , :ORT IIUHON. Five years ago Mr. TayloH «tartetl biistiu>it> in Port Huron, in a store on Military street, but ns his tratli Icveloped it bcciime necessary for him to obtain more convenient (inarters, which he did on Will, t street, occupying a large unrehant. and yearly udditlons to the various lines of gruxN he carries indicate that lie has ulwuyM been up to the times. H«>nie months since he sulTered s«!verely t.->ni a heavy tire wliidi devasted the Miami Hlo<;k and destroyeil the greater part of his valuable sto<-k. But noth- ing (btunten> KKLAIU DBAUM IN HARDW.\RE, AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, steam and Copper W^ork, MARINE AND SHIP CHANDLERY, 26 Huron Avenue, Port Huron, Mieh. ^iSiSSStsSfSSiSiSKS'KSjif?^?'!^^^ } ^- ^ 46 THE LAKE PORTS. S. L. BALLENTINE. MerchantH emhnrking in business in a new country arc almost certain of success, if tlie enterprise engaged in is one of continued supply and demand, and lilie the grocery and provision business, the boot and shoe and dry goods trade, is one in which the demand never ceases. Ten years ago Mr. 8. L. Ballbntinb commenced business in conjunction with his brother the late D. B:tllentine, in the red l)rick store at the souiawest corner of Quay street and Huron avenue. From early boyhood he had been employed on the same premises as clest current prices will always be obtained ; and all requir- ing informatfon or advice pertaining to any branch of this extensive business may rely upon any representations mode by them. Mr. A. N. Moffat, the senior partner, is a young man of ability and strict integrity, and having been rearetl in the business from boyhood, has acquired such an intimate knowledge of its various departments that the utmost reliance may be placed in his representations. MOFFAT & CO.. FORWARDERS & COMMISSION MERCHANTS, AOMKat or TBI nUXOIPAL ZA/iTE AND RIVER STEAMERS. muucu w Coal, Pressed Hay, Grain, Salt, Land Plaster, CEMENT, on,,' BOAT SUPPLIES, ETC. Jas. Moffat a Son. Managers Tugs MooKiKO Bibd, Brockway and Fbank Moffat, Wauwmmi, OvnoM AMD Docs: Poor OF Sarnia 8tiu!bt, PORT HURON, MICH. NEWHAL-L. HOUSE, ULWADKBI, Wn., Labowt and But Hotkl ih tbi Btatb. BrMt BaHE extent and volume of the bodies of water that form these inland seas is so extensive as to exceed, the comprehension of many minds, unless the subject has been closely investi- gated. Under the above designation is included Lake Superior, containing an area of thirty-two thousand square miles; Lake Michigan, twenty-two thousand; Lake Huron, twenty thousand five hundred; and Lake Erie, nine thousand seven hundred; including Green Bay on Lake Michigan, and the Georgian Bay on Lake Huron, the latter being on the Canadian side of the line that divides the Dominion of Canada from the United States. The straits which form the connecting links and outlets to these vast bodies of water are the St. Mary's river, which unites Lakes Superior and Huron, and divides the upper peninsula of Michigan from Canada; the Straits of Mackinac, which connects Lakes Michigan and Huron, and forms the natural and political bound- ary between the upper and lower peninsulas of Michigan; the St. Clair river, connecting Lakes Huron and St. Clair, and constituting the dividing line between the United States and Canada; and the Detroit river, which has its rise at the northwest corner of Lake St. Clair and empties itself into Lake Erie, and continuing to form the boundary line between the two countries. These noble rivers are all navigable streams, and are able, in conjunction with the ship canal at the Sault Ste. Marie, of ^oating vessels of over two thou- sand tons burden from Chicago to Buffalo, a distance of twelve hundred miles. At this point navigation, for a large class of vessels, ceases, but, by the construction of additional canal com- munication and the enlarging of those already in operation, a direct — . li iW mammm wmtmaf>^ so THE LAKE PORTS. connection between the great lakes and European ports would be effected, that would materially increase the already enormous com- merce of these waters, and confer on the American and Cana- dian people incalculable benefit; for it would create one continued line of sea ports, from which could be shipped at a low rate all the agricultural and mineral wealth of a vast region of country rich with all the products that go to make nations wealthy, and at the same time provide profitable employment to thousands of laborers both on land and water. As an object of common interest, and which is of as much importance to individuals as to the two great powers which it divides, this public highway of the seas should be carefully guarded, so that no impediments may interfere with free and open navigation from the upper lakes to the St. Lawrence. Fortunately, by a late decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, these large bodies of water were declared to be inland seas, both legally and commercially, and Congress under this decision has greatly improved many of the harbors of the lakes and connecting rivers, in the same manner and under the same authority that it does those on the sea- board ; it has led to a vigorous maintenance of federal authority, in providing for the safety of commerce and guarding the channels of communication from any kind of obstruction. The states washed by these great bodies of water are New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minne- sota, and the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Their united area is upwards of ninety thousand square miles, draining a surface of nearly four hundred thousand square miles of territory, situated for the most part on the northern confines of the temperate zone. All the lake cities and towns, as well as those on the Mississippi and Atlantic seaboard, should take a deep interest in the preserva- tion of free and uninterrupted navigation on the great lakes, for, notwithstanding the immense shipping interests involved, it has been proposed by certain moneyed interests to bridge both the Detroit and St. Clair rivers at various points, for the assumed purpose of affording quick transit from the West to the Atlantic seaboard. Latterly the agitation has been confined to the Detroit river; but through the strenuous exertions of those interested in lake naviga- tion the project is, for the time being, abandoned ; and should the tunnel scheme, which meets with much popular sympathy, be carried out, the vexed question of bridging this noble stream will be forever answered. This object, if it had ever been attained, would have so far injured lake navigation for all future time, as to have placed an insurmountable obstacle in the way of commerce, that would irrepa- rably have injured both the producer and consumer of western America, and only benefited the individual members of speculative corporations. During the past few years it has been most forcibly demonstrated that by means of lake and river transportation millions of money Au ports would be enormous coin- can and Cana- ; one continued low rate all the )untry rich with nd at the same f laborers both is of as much owers which it refully guarded, open navigation rtunately, by a ates, these large oth legally and [reatly improved ers, in the same hose on the sea- ral authority, in the channels of r are New York, isconsin, Minne- Canada. Their niles, draining a lies of territory, }f the temperate fi the Mississippi in the preserva- great lakes, for, lived, it has been ioth the Detroit imed purpose of lantic seaboard. Detroit river; but in lake naviga- and should the pathy, be carried m will be forever 1, would have so Q have placed an lat would irrepa- imer of western rs of speculative )ly demonstrated illions of money f Oluipel Beacli mad Hat— Lake Superior. :;vPiia^|^'*^vir^ v-.V' (• I h.'t .»!= ■ Beeke Honae— Pn*«lii Bay. tjTTr'*Trirwj)i)iij-'-'''' *»-i*S*4^SM*i »w«4tpgtCa4«»^i^- it-^ ■ i 52 THE LAKE PORTS. can be saved, when compared to the necessarily high rates charged by railroad companies — which have, and are still, heavily taxing the industries of the country, and being largely instrumental in causing the high prices which are charged for most of the necessaries of life. At the present day, the voyager, in sailing from the American shore to Europe or Asia, or on making a circuit of the globe, pur- sues an almost trackless path across the broad ocean, without being in sight of land for the greater part of the distance. But such is not the case in sailing on the great lakes of America — which form all together the largest expanse of fresh water on the face of the earth. And although we have none of the marvelous legends about the leviathans of the deep and other wonderful stories, fabricated by the imaginative brains of veritable salt water " Jack Tars," we have the Indian traditions, equal in coloring and poetry of language to the far-famed romances of Eastern climes. Lake Superior, the Gitchee Gummee of the Chippewas, is rich in Indian narrative. Every grove that slopes gently down to its edge, and every rock that towCts aloft in native majesty to heaven, is made to speak the praises of this lovely region. But our task consists in rendering a plain, unvarnished account of the objects that surround these inland seas, made famous by their extent, pure air and water, picturesque islands, cultivated shores, and rich deposits of various kinds of mineral — and that, too, in such abundance as to far exceed the productions of other parts of the world, both in richness of ore and the extent and variety of the deposits. Here iron, copper and silver are annually produced in marvelous quantities, giving employment to many thousand miners and others. The field occupied by these enormous mineral deposits is illimita- ble, covering portions of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Northern Wisconsin and Minnesota, while the Dominion of Canada possesses large tracts as yet but partially developed. Added to these, the value of the fisheries and the lumber trade, and these lake regions possess wealth enough to enrich nations. In addition to these, the healthy and invigorating climate of the upper lakes invest this region with advantages which the ancients would have designated as the abode of the gods, and esteemed the very rocks as natural deities. Indeed, the poetic mind of the Indian has already clothed these regions with mystic lore and pronounced its mountain tops as the favorite resorts of the Great Spirit. When it is remembered that the far-famed Niagara river and cataract has no equal in the world, and that the smallest of these upper lakes exceeds in extent that of any other body of fresh water on the globe, that Lake Superior covers an area of upwards of thirty thou- sand square miles, with a depth of one thousand feet near its center, and standing at an elevation of six hundred feet above the ocean, into which it flows through the noble river St. Lawrence, anri ■y'ence into th'' gulf of the same name, its outlet bearing several .'^fferjut names nm h rates charged heavily taxing instrumental in f the necessaries n the American the globe, pur- 1, without being But such is not -which form all ice of the earth, gends about the iabricated by the rs," we have the language to the ;rior, the Gitchee e. Every grove that towfts aloft ; praises of this rnished account : famous by their grated shores, and lat, too, in such her parts of the d variety of the illy produced in thousand miners iposits is illimita- chigan. Northern [Canada possesses led to these, the lese lake regions kg climate of the lich the ancients nd esteemed the lind of the Indian and pronounced at Spirit, iagara river and smallest of these ' of fresh water on rdsof thirty thou- et near its center, ve the ocean, into !, vat^ -bence into al jiffttrcut names THE LAKE PORTS. S3 before it enters the main stream among the "Thousand Islands," these grand and stupendous monuments of nature's handiwork, must, perforce, impress all minds with their glorious beauty, and excite the admiration of the most stoical. The principal rapids on the St. Lawrence, after passing Lake Ontario, are known as the Long Sault, Coteau, Cedar, Cascade and a La Chein, while the expansions are called Lakes St. Francis, St. Louis and St. Peter. It also receives the Ottawa and Saguenay Rivers, and several other considerable streams, all of which, accumu- lated, join one majestic stream, flowing grandly down to the briney ocean beyond. The tide waters extend a short distance above the City of Quebec. The foregoing brief sketch of lake and river combined, shows the magnitude and grandeur of the whole system of internal com- munication with the lake ports that within half a century have sprung up on their shores, and which constitutes the great natural system of drainage to the vast territory surrounding, affording the most complete and desirable outlet for the products of the great North-west, as well as the Dominion of Canada ; for by means of ship canals ocean vessels are able to ascend fifteen hundred miles above tide water, to the head of Lake Superior on the west, and Lake Michigan on the south, where stand two rival cities of modern date. The many cities and villages which have sprung into existence, as if by magic, along the shores of these lakes and rivers, as well as on the banks of tributary streams, are equally marvellous as the ' mighty waters which cover such an extent of territory, and which at the first, were the cause of their existence and the ultimate source of their wonderful prosperity. A greater part of this country, lying as it does within the temperate zone, is susceptible of settlement and a high state of cultivation, enjoying in equal proportion the four seasons of the year. Indeed, there are few countries enjoys so varied and healthful a climate as the one we have endeavored briefly to describe ; and in it all the divine workings of the Creator are forcibly apparent. Air, water and sunshine are blended so as to invigorate the human frame and make life pleasurable, even among its most trying vicissitudes. The very animals are formed so as to meet the changing seasons with comfort, being warmly clad in winter with their furry robes, which they shed as the balmy days of sum- mer approach. Passing from summer to winter, in the region of the Great Lakes a climatic change takes place, of which it is hard to conceive and more difficult to describe ; here the secret workings of nature have to be grappled with by the ingenuity of man, and continued observation reveals more astonishing truths than the ancients, with all their flights of imagination and poetic fiction, were able to conceive. Summer, with its sun and showers, brings its reward for weeks of patient waiting among ice bound lakes and rivers, in the shape of the richest productions of the vegetable world ; and winter performs its duty designed by nature in keeping 54 THE LAKE PORTS. ever pure the waters which refresh during the warmer portions of the year, making the lakes the great refrigerators of the surrounding country. The records of the early history and discoveries are very vague and uncertain. The object of the first European explorers was not so much the discovery of new regions beyond the setting sun, as the acquirement of wealth, extravagant stories of which the first discov- erers of gold on this continent spread through the Eastern world. About the same time many scientific men were devoting all their energies and wealth in the discovery of the Philosopher's Stone and other equally ridiculous pursuits. Hence we read that De Soto, while seeking for gold and fountains of water that should prolong human life and make man immortal, reached the banks of the turbid Mississippi, near the mouth of the Arkansas river, there to die and be buried in the hot sands that lined its banks,while his followers proceeded southward in hopes of preserving their lives. But at a later period a higher and better motive inspired men's minds to visit the great lake regions of America. Pere Marquette, with the spirit of a true discoverer, and having at heart the good of the aborigonies, by whom he was looked upon as a god, wandered along the shores of these inland seas, when hearing of the "Great Mississippi," he extended his travels, reaching De Soto's upper stream, which he descended several hundred miles, but being in- formed by the natives that the country was inhabited by hostile bands, returned to the shores of Lake Michigan, near the mouth of the present Marquette river, on the 17th day of March, 1675. Father Marcpiette was the first real explorer of the Mississippi, and after De Soto the first white man who beheld it. The travels and death of this great man clearly demonstrate that man's designs seldom reach the goal to which they aspire. Marquette's object was the conversion to Christianity the tribes of savages who peopled this vast territory and the aggrandizement of his king, but instead of this he opened to the world the gigantic commerce of half the globe, and discovered a home for the growth and development of an independent people greater than the Roman Empire. Looking into the dim future, the lovely shores and headlands, with the numerous wooded islands, which adorn the lakes, now mostlv uninhabited and over which the stillness of quiet nature hushed to slumber in its primeval glory, wakes no answering echoes to the woodman's ax or builder's hammer, the day is not far distant when man, either from choice or necessity, will transform these sylvan retreats of nature's choicest possessions into busy cities, and the Thames, the Seine, the Rhine and Danube, with their miles of wharves and forests of masts, their lordly mansions and castellated edifices will be reproduced in these portions of this our favored country. ^B^ .38! THE LAKE PORTS. 55 er portions of le surrounding re very vague rers was not so ng sun, as the he first discov- Eastern world. oting all their sopher's Stone 1 that De Soto, hould prolong banks of the as river, there )anks,while his 5 their lives. inspired men's ere Marquette, art the good of god, wandered of the "Great i Soto's upper , but being in- ited by hostile r the mouth of ch, 1675. the Mississippi, t. The travels t man's designs itte's object was ho peopled this t instead of this f the globe, and an independent and headlands, the lakes, now !t nature hushed I echoes to the ar distant when m these sylvan cities, and the their miles of and castellated his our favored THE NATURAL TERRACES AND TABLE LANDS which abound on the borders of the great lakes, as well as on the banks of the tributary rivers, afford delightful sites for cities, villages and country residences. Several of these exist in succession on the shores of Lake Superior, while the Ame geographical features are recognized on the beautiful wooded islands of Michipicoten and Grand Island, or the Gitchee Munising of the Chippewas. Both these lovely spots promise at some future day to become favorite summer resorts ; the latter more especially, as it is in the immediate vicinity of the *' Pictured Rocks." The Island of Mackinac, the garden of the upper lakes, is already the favorite resort of the afflicted and those in quest of pleasure ; rising terrace on terrace, it is elevated from one to three hundred feet above the pure waters of the Straits of Mackinac, and will always attract the attention of 'the refined and wealthy. Duluth and Superior City, the one situated on a rising ascent and the other on a slightly elevated plateau or terrace at the head of Lake Superior, are important and growing cities, and give promise of being the northern neuclus of the commerce of this region. Bayfield, protected by the Apostle Isles, and lying on a large and secure bay, rises by two or three terraces to an elevation overlooking one of the most extensive and grandest scenes of Lake Superior, extending northward through a labyrinth of islands, and southward across Chaquamegon Bay, where the entire fleet of the lakes might lay in safety. Ashland, at the head of the bay, occupies the most elevated terrace, while the water front is improved by steamboat landings and railroad depots. Keweenaw Point, from Eagle River to Portage Lake, consists of numerous terraces, many of which are already occupied by thriving villages, inhabited by sturdy miners, employed in the copper mines for which this section is famous. Marquette, the " Iron City " of Superior, is another beautiful town, situated on three distinct natural terraces, rising some two hundred feet above the lake. The surrounding waters are, during the season of navigation, enlivened by every class of commercial vessel, as well as the sail boat of pleasure, while the fisherman's craft may be seen pursuing its avocation in the far distance. At night the scene is enlivened by the numerous light-houses along the coast and the fiery blaze from the blast furnaces of the surrounding country. Munising, lying on Green Bay, is situated on a low terrace, while immediately behind rises an abrupt hill, forming an elevated plateau, from which descends a silvery stream of sparkling water. This whole lake front, or the main land extending east to Miner's Castle, rises by terraces of steep ascent until the " Pictured Rocks " are reached ; then an abrupt precipice with beetling crags and caves is to be seen, which may safely be approached in calm weather, but should be shunned by the mariner during severe storms. H; WWBtei I, •il lUaa BapMa. THE LAKE PORTS. 57 The banks of the River St. Mary, or strait connecting Lakes Superior and Huron, are terraced near the rapids, where stands the ancient and romantic settlement of the Sault Ste. Marie. St. Joseph island, belonging to Canada, is an elevated table land of great extent, rising gradually aboVe the water's edge. The terraces formed by the Detroit and St. Clair rivers are most beautiful when compared with the low lands adjacent to Lake St. Clair, where extensive marshes abound. For the most part the heavy forest limber is cut down along the banks of these streams forming the outlet to Lakes Superior, Huron and Michigan, while in ihe background much of the original oak, hickory and other trees of the primeval forest remain. Detroit occupies an especially fine terrace, sloping gradually down to the shores of the river. Lake Erie, on its southeastern shores, presents very many fine elevations, where grapes, peaches and other fruits are cultivated in rich abund- ance, as well as on the lovely group of islands which adorns its western terminus. The terrace on which the city of Cleveland stands is elevated about one hundred feet above the waters of the lake, and is one of the most beautiful to be found on all the waters of the upper lakes, while many other localities are nearly equally favored. The city of Buffalo is located on a gently rising terrace, and is unequaled for its healthy situation, convenience and beauty. EARLY NAVIGATION. The sailing vessel occupies an important place in the history of all nations. It is the offspring of antiquity, and its home was in the valley of the Nile and the sunny waters of the Mediterranean sea. It may of a truth be styled the cradle of discovery, for through its agency man discovered new worlds and peopled them, and found untraveled paths along the miphty deep, that led to stores of untold wealth now utilized by industrious and wealthy nations. Formerly the only means of traversing the great lakes and rivers of this continent was the Indian bark canoe, and later the bateau and Mackinac beat, as constructed by the early French voyageurs. Next came the sailing craft, wafted by favorable breezes over the larger bodies of water, or towed and poled along the banks of the river by the force of human strength. The fur traders and early Jesuits, discoverers, were the first pale faces to adopt this mode of navigation. All early writers of Lake history agree that the name of the first sail vessel which ever floated the lakes was the Griffin, which was built on the Niagara, six miles above the falls, and set sail on the 7th of Au- gust 1679, in command of the chevalier De La Salle, with a crew of six persons all told, bound for Mackinac, which place she reached and in a few weeks started on her return voyage, laden with furs. This is the last known of her, although it is asserted that the crew and outfit — * ^^ 58 THE LAKK PORTS. of the vessel was saved; which statement however is most positively contradicted by the best authority ; it may here be noted as the first marine disaster that was ever recorded as occurring on the lakes. For a period of eighty-seven years no mention is made of the movements of any craft sailing the great lakes, although it is not to be supposed that so long a time elapsed without others being built and operated. In the latter part of the year 1769 four vessels, named respectively the Gladwin, Lady Charlotte, Victory, and Boston, were navigating the lakes. On Lake Ontario, the first vessel of which any record is left was set afloat in 1789. She was built at Sodus Bay, by Capt. John Fellows, a native of Sheffield, Mass.; her first cargo consisted of tea and tobacco. The first merchant brig introduced upon the lakes was named the Union. She was built in 1814; her capacity wan ninety-six tons. Being found too large for the business requirements of that period she was for a time laid up. The first full rigged ship on the lakes was built at Buffalo, by Col. Alanson Palmer in 1836, and named the Julia Palmer. She was of about three hundred tons burden. Proving inadequate for the trade, she was at a later date converted into a steamer, and was afterward lost during a storm on Lake Superior. The first vessel to Chicago was the schooner Gen. '1 racey, of about ninety tons burden ; she was built at Detroit about the year 1800; she sailed for Chicago in 1803, having on board a company of soldiers, under the command of Col. Sweaniegen ; on her passage she called at St. Joseph and other points. She became a total wreck and was lost on Fort Erie reef in the year 1809. Chicago at this time had but one white man's dwelling, that of an Indian trader. Bcitweenthe years 1800 and 1810 several large schooners navigated Lake Superior in the service of the Hudson Bay and American Fur companies ; one, named the Recovery, belonging to the British North- western Company, was one of these. On the breaking out of the Patriot war, fears were entertained for its safety, and it is said that its preservation was accomplished by stratagem. In one of the deep and narrow bays on the northeast end of Isle Royal, which was then within the juiisdiction of the British, this vessel was secreted ; after having her spars taken out, she was entirely covered up with boughs and brushwood. After the termination of hostilities between the two nations, she was brought out and again placed in commission. After this she was run over the St. Marie Rapids and placed in the lumber trade on Lake Erie, under command of Captain Fellows. The fragments of this adventurous bark were for a long time visible near Fort Erie, opposite Buffalo. The schooner Mink was also employed in the Lake Superior fur trade previous to the war. She wns afterward, for several years, employed on Lake Erie, under the command of Capt. Tom Ham- mond, an officer who had previously served in Perry's fleet. After having performed good service for several years, she was sunk in the River Rouge, just below Detroit. ■^ i\ most positively 3ted as the first the lakes. For the movements e supposed that operated. In espectively the navigating the rd is left was set t. John Fellows, tea and tobacco. s was named the six tons. Being t period she was Buffalo, by Col. »er. She was of ate for the trade, d was afterward Gen. '1 racey, of 3Ut the year 1800; ipany of soldiers, iage she called at reck and was lost time had but one tooners navigated nd American Fur he British North- aking out of the id it is said that 1 one of the deep .1, which was then IS secreted ; after d up with boughs Ities between the d in commission, ind placed in the Captain Fellows. L long time visible Lake Superior fur for several years, Capt. Tom Ham- rry's fleet. After le was sunk in the ^!-^ milPSmat^jSixmmmmimssSt!?^" THE LAKE PORTS. 59 Another schooner, whose name is unknown, and which was also employed in the fur trade on Lake Superior, undertook to pass down the rapids, hut in so doing struck on a rock and went to pieces. From this time until 1832 Lake Superior was navigated only by one solitary sail, a small crnft that subsequently |>assed down the rapids and was oon lost sight of among the young fleet then spring- ing u|) on the I >'Yer lakes. In 1834 the fur business revived, and the American Fur Company issued orders for the building and e(|uipping of a targe vessel for the Lake Superior trade. Ramsey Crooks and O. Newberry, of Detroit, undertook the matter. She was named the Ramsey Crooks, and when ready for service tht; command was entrusted to Capt. Charles C. Stanard. The Astor, the first American schooner launched upon Lake Superior, was built by the American Fur Company in the summer of 183^. Her frame timbers and plank were prepared at Charleston, O., m the fall of 1834, and shipped on board the schooner Bridget in April, 1835, and arrived at Sault St. Marie on the ist of May. The timbers were then carried to the head of the rapids, where the Astor was built. She was launched on the ist of August, and sailed for La Pointe on the 15th of the same month. She was under the command of Capt. Stanard, who discovered the celebrated rock that has since excited so much curiosity and has been so great a source of annoy- ance to the navigators of Lake Superior. The Astor was wrecked off Copper Head, September a ist, 1844. The American Fur Company had two small vessels built, of about twenty tons each, in the year 1837, one of which was so poorly constructed that it was never launched. The other, the Madeline, was sailed by Captain Angus, and was employed principally in the fishing trade. In 1838 the same company built the schooner William Brewster, of seventy-three tons. She was launched some time in August, and sailed some time in September, under the command of Captain John P. Wood. In September, 1842, they supposing she would rot before she could pay for i;erself on Lake Superior, she was run down the rapids, and subsequently put in commission on Lake Erie. The fleet on Lake Superior previous to the opening of the ship canal was composed of the following : steamboat Julia Palmer, two hundred and eighty tons ; propeller Independence, two hundred and eighty tons; schooner Napoleon, one hundred and eighty tons; Algonquin, Swallow and Merchant, about seventy tons each ; Uncle Tom, Chippewa, Fur Trader, Siskowit, forty tons ; and White Fish, fifty tons. Although sail vessels for a long time were the only available medium for water transportation, their prestige in this country was of short duration. With the introduction of steam as a motive power, as applied to navigation, the vocation of the sailing vessel was almost entirely destroyed. Man is the ruler of the steamboat ; it depends upon him for its every movement, while the sailing vessel, "^ef!^^m>vi^vr,rjr^iistsmma:f'x^<^-^:^??«-'T'f^ 60 THE LAKE PORTS. •tl on the other hand, depends entirely upon the good offices of the wind, that invisible and mysterious force which has its origin with the Omniscient. History informs us that the first steamboat on this side the Atlantic was the Clermont, built by Robert Fulton, in 1807, near Hurlgate, on East River, N. Y. She was forty feet long, flat- bottomed, and drew twenty-two inches of water. Her wheels were extended below the bottom of the boat; a fly wheel was attached to the paddle wheel, having a rim four inches wide, which was to mako the paddle wheel pass the center without jerking. There was a large hub inside the boat, into which the shaft fitted. The first steamer that sailed the great lakes was the Walk-in-the- Water. She was built opjjosite Stpiaw Island, on the Niagara river, below Black Rock, and was one hundred and thirty-two tons burden, and worked by a low pressure engine. She was commissioned on Lake Erie, and arrived on her first trip to Detroit, August 22, 1818. In 1819 she made her first trip to Mackinac. She was lost in Buflialo bay, November 2, 182 1. This period culminated in the con- struction of magnificent floating palaces, which were usually crowded with emigrants, both native and foreign, bound for the far west. The side-vheel steamers, from their first introduction till the year i860, running from Buffalo, through Lakes Erie, Huron and Mich- igan to Chicago and Milwaukee, were many of them first class vessels, carrying great numbers of passengers and an immense amount of freight. The lake travel was in its glory, and the steamers running from Buffalo to Cleveland, Toledo and Detroit, connecting with railroads, were truly magnificent. The popular commanders were then almost idolized and looked upon as fresh water admirals, while each one vied for the reputation of running the fastesi steamer, which often resulted in disasters consigning many a passenger to a watery grave. Steam boat travel to Lake Superior is of comparatively recent date. In 1855 the St. Mary's ship canal was finished and immediately the travel assumed large proportions. Previous to this, however, several steamers had been carried over the portage at Sault Ste. Marie, and where running on the lake. Among these were the Julia Palmer and Sam Ward, and the Independence, Manhattan, Monticello and Peninsular. The four last named were at different times wrecked on Lake Superior. Communication between lakes Erie and Ontario was first opened up in 1 83 1 via Port Robinson and Chippewa, thence via Niagara river to Lake Erie. The first vessel to pass through, were the British schooner Annie and Jane, and the American schooner Erie and Ontario. Subsequently the outlet was extended to Port Colborn, and Port Maitland, on Lake Erie, the former twenty miles and the latter forty miles distant from Buffalo. The following is a carefully prepared list the of steamers lost since their introduction on the great lakes, in 1 82 1. ^, SSS!SKS^S!> 1^ BIRDS-EYE VIEW of the PENINSULA and Lake Erie ISLANDS offices of the its origin with atnboat on this •'ulton, in 1807, feet long, flat- Her wheels el was attached , which was to ig. There was i. le Walk-in-the- ; Niagara river, )vo tons burden, mmissioned on ugust 22, 1818. he was lost in ited in the con- isually crowded le far west, ion till the year iron and Mich- rst class vessels, ;nse amount of :eamers running onnecting with mmanders were admirals, while i steamer, which ger to a watery aratively recent ind immediately however, several Ste. Marie, and ulia Palmer and Monticello and : times wrecked was first opened ice via Niagara ough, were the 1 schooner Erie to Port Colborn, jr miles and the ig is a carefully ion on the great «MB8 ( iJMi»«g 64 THE LAKE PORTS. LIST OF STEAMERS LOST ON THE LAKES. ' Walk-in the- Water, 342 tons, built at Black Rock, 1818, wrecked at Buffiilo, Nov. I, 1821. Superior, 300, Buffalo, 1822, made a ship and lost in 1843. Chippewa, 100, Buffiilo, 1824, bro- ken up in 1825. ^^ Niagara 1st, 1 80, Black Rock, 1825, broken up. Henry Clay. 348, Black Rock, 1825, broken ap. Pioneer, 230, Black Rock, 1825, wrecked on Lake Michigan, July, 1834. Wni.Penn,275, Erie, 18 26, wrecked. Enterprise 1st, 2 50, Cleveland, 18 26, wrecked. William Peacock, 120, Barcelona, 1829, exploded, killing 15 per- sons, on Lake Erie, 1830. Newburyport, 75, Erie, Pa., 1829, broken up. Sheldon Thompson, 242, Huron, Ohio, 1830, broken up. Ohio 1st, 187, Sandusky, 1830, burned at Toledo in 1842. Adelaide (Champlain), 230, Chip- pewa, C.W., 1830, wrecked on Lake Michigan, 1849. Gratiot, 63, Black River, O., 1831, broken up. Pennsylvania, 395, Erie, Pa., 1832, broken up. Gen. Brady, too, Detroit, 1832, made into a vessel in 1844. Uncle Sam, 280, Grosse Isle, Mich., 1832, made into a vessel, 1844. Perseverance, 50, Erie, Pa., 1832, broken up. Washington ist, 600, Huron, O., 1833, wrecked on Long Point, first trip. New York, 325, Black Rock, 1833, went to decay. Michigan ist, 472, Detroit, 1833, broken up. Daniel Webster, 358, Black Rock, 1833, burned in 1835 at Buf- falo ; rebuilt. Detroit 1st, 240, Toledo, 1833, wreck'd on Lake Michigan, 1836. Lady of the Lake, 60, Mt. Clemens, 1833, broken up. Gov. Marcy, 161, Black Rock, 1833, broken up. North America, 362, Conneaut, O., 1 833,burned in ConneaMt, 1 847. O. Newberry, 170, Palmer, Mich., 2833, broken up. Delaware, 170, Huron, O., 1833, wrecked near Chicago, 1836. Victory, 77, Bafialo, 1834, broken up at Buffalo. Gen. Porter, 342, Black Rock, 1834, made a propeller. Thos. Jefl«rson,4a8,Erie,Pa.,i834. converted into a ffoating eleva- tor at Buflilo. Com. Pernr, 352, Perrysburg, 1834, exploded in 1835, killing 6. Monroe, 341, Monroe, 1834, went to pieces Mazeppa, 1830, Buffalo, 1834, made into a vessel. Sandusky, 377, Sandusky, 1834, burned at Buffiilo, made a bark, lost in 1845. -Minnissetunk, 250„Goderich, C.W., 1834, sunk near Maiden by steamboat Erie in 1839. Gen. Jackson, 50, Mt. Cleqnens, 1834, broken up. Jack Downing, 80, Sandusky, 1834, made into a vessel. Little Western, 60, Chatham, C. W., burned at Detroit in 1842. Caroline, 80, Charleston, S. ' C, 1834, burned and sent over Niagara Falls in 1837. Robert Fulton,3o8, Cleveland,! 8 3 5, wrecked at Sturgeon Point, L. E., in 1844. Columbus, 391, Huron, O., 1835, wrecked on Dunkirk piers, 1848. si k. mmm Us**" iKES. a 1835 at Buf- Toledo, 1833, Michigan, 1836. 0, Mt. ClemeiM, p. , Black Rock, J. t, Conneaut, O., Conneaiit,t847. Palmer, Mich., ;p. uron, O., 1833, 'hicago, 1836. o, 1834, broken lack Rock, 1834, er. B.Erie, Pa., 18 34. a ftoating eleva- *errysburg, 1834, 835, killing 6. nroe, 1834, went ifialo, 18 34, made Sanduiky, 1834, alo, made a bark, .Goderich, C.W., lear Maiden by ! in 1839. }, Mt. Cleipens, up. r Sanduiky, 1834, enel. , Chatham, C.W., roit in 1842. arletton, S. C, and sent over in 1837. , Cleveland, 183 5, turgeon Point, L. luron, O., 1835, mkirkpiert, 1848. L*.i---L— >-- L.-- .'";"..%:>- -^S'r^"' THE* LAKE PORTS. 63 Chas. Towniend, 312, Buflilo,N.Y., 183;, condemned in 1849. United States, 366, Huron, O., 1835, broken up at Buffalo. Chicago, 166, St. Joseph, Mich., 1 83 5) wrecked in a gale in 1 842. W. F. P. Taylor, 95, Silver Creek, 1835, once burned, afterward wreck'd on Lake Michigan, 1 842. Thames, 169, Chatham, 1833, burn- ed at Windsor in 1838 by rebels, and rebuilt. DeWitt Clinton, 493, Huron, O., 1836, sunk at Dunkirk in 1851. Julia Palmer, 300, Buflnilo, 1836, formerly a ship, lost on Lake Superior in 1847. Don Quixote, 80, Toledo, 1836, wrecked on Lake Huron, 1836. Little Erie, 149, Detroit, 1836, sunk in Lake St. Clair in 1843. Barcelona, 102, Dunnville, 1836, formerly PrincessVictoria, made into a vessel. United, 40, Detroit, 1836, made into a Iwfge. St. Clair, 250, Sandusky, 1836, for- merly Rhode Island, went to decay. Cincinnati, 116, Sandusky, 1836, made a vessel, called the John F. Porter. Illinois 1st, 75 s, Detroit, 1837, made a propeller barge and lost on Lake Huron in 1868. Rochester, 472, near Fairport, 1837, made a barge, wrecked at Erie, 1852, 7 lives lost. Madbon, 630, Erie, Pa., 1837, condemned in 1849. Cleveland 1st, 580, Huron,0.,i837, burned at Tonawanda in 1854. Wisconsin, 7C0, Conneaut, 1837, sunk in Lake Erie by collision. Erie, 497, Erie, Pa., 1837, burned off Silver Creek in 1841, 250 lives lost. Constellation, 483, Black River, O., 1837, broken up. Bunker Hill, 457. Black River, O., 1837, burned at Tonawanda in 1857. Constitution, 44), Conneaut, O.. 1837, broken up at Sandusky. New England,4i6,Black Rock,i837, went to decay at Buffiilo. Milwaukee, 400, Grand Island, 1837, wrecked on Lake Michi- gan in 1 842. Anthony Wayne, 390, Perrysburg, 1837, exploded in 1850, broken up in 1851. Macomb, 100, Mt. Clemens, 1837, condemned at Monroe. Rhode Island, 164, Sandusky, 1837, once called the St. Clair. Star, 128, Belvidere, Mich., 1837, burned at Buffalo in 1845. Commerce, 80, Sandusky, 1837, broken .up. Mason, 33, Grand Rapids, 1837, condemned. Great Western, 780, Huron, O., 1838, burned at Detroit in 1839, and rebuilt. Buffalo, 61?, Buffiilo, 1838, made a barque in 1848, and lost on Lake Michigan. Chesapeake, 412, Maumee, 1838, sunk in Lake Erie by collision with a vessel in 1 846. Vermillion, 385, Vermillion, 1838, burned at Huron, O., 5 lives lost. Lexington, 263, Black River, O., condemned. Fairport, 259, Fairport, 1838, burned at Algonac in 1844. Red Jacket, 148, Grand Island, 1838, codemned at Detroit. Gen. Vance, 75, Perrysburg, 1838, exploded, 9 lives lost, near Windsor, 1844. Jaraes Allen, 258, Chicago, 1838, broken up. Washington 2d, 380, Ashtabula. 1838, burned off Silver Creek in .838, 60 lives lost. -J -, ■i|« .» l»>>PWI' iyill l«|i nlilJII II1 « M.| ' »PWB«Wil 64 THE LAKE PORTS. G. W. Dole, 162, Chicigo, 1838, sunk at Buffiilo in 18 $6. C. C. Trowbridge, 52, Kalamazoo, 1838, condemned at Milwau- kee. Marshall, 51, Perrysburg, 1838, broken up. Wabash, 34, Perrysburg, 1838, broken up. Owaskenonk, 45, Grand Haven, 1838, broken up. Patronage, 56, St. Joseph, 1838, broken np. Gen. Scitt, 240, Huron, O., 1839, sunk in Lake St. Clair by col- lision in 1848. Chatauque, 200, BuiFalo, 1839, sunk at BuiGiIo in 1848. Brothers, 350, Chatham, C. W., 1839, sunk in River Thames, 1846. Kent, 180, Chatham, C. W., 1839, sunk in Lake Erie by collision with steamboat London, 1845, 7 lives lost. Huron, 140, Newport, 1839, dis- mantled in 1848. Gen. Harrison, 63, Maumee, 1839, wrecked near Chicago, 1854. r^troit ad, 350, Newport, 1840, sunk in Saginaw Bay by col- lision with bark Nucleus, 1854. Missouri, 612, Erie, Pa., 1840, converted into a propeller barge in 1868. Waterloo, 100, Black Rock, 1840, wrecked in Georgian Bay. 1846. Indiana, 434, Toledo, 1841, burned atConneaut in 1848. Ben Franklin, 231, Algonac, 1842, wrecked at Thunder Bay, 1850. John Owen, 230, Detroit, 1842, burned on River St. Clair, 186a -Nile, 600, Detroit, 1843, wrecked at Milwaukee in 1 840. Union, 64, Black Rock, 1843, broken up in 1850. Champion, 270, Newport, 1843, broken up. Emerald, 250, Chippewa, 1844, sunk in Bear Creek in 1858. Empire, 1,136, Cleveland, 1844, made a propeller barge, and lost in 1870 on Long Point. Tecumseh, 259, Algonac, 1844, wrecked in 1850, formerly of Fairport. J. Wolcott, 80, Maumee, burned 1851. Indian Queen, 112, Buffalo, 1844 wrecked at Dunkirk in 1846, 20 lives lost. New Orleans, 610, Detroit, 1844, formerly Vermillion, lost at Thunder Bay in 1853. St. Louis, 618, Perrysburg, 1844 wrecked on Lake Erie in 1853. U. S. steamer Michigan, 583, Erie, Pa., 1844, wrecked. U. S. steamer Alert, 133, Buffiilo, 1844, wrecked. Niagara 2d, 1084, Buffalo, 184;, burned on Lake Michigan in September, 1856, 60 lives lost. Boston, 775, Detroit, 1845, wrecked at Milwaukee, Novem- ber 24, 1846. Oregon, 781, Newport, 1845, burp'.d at Chicago in 1849, vhile laid up. Troy, 547, Maumee, 1845, wrecked at Goderich in i860. G. P. Griffith, 587, Buffalo, I845, burned on Lake Erie in 1850, 250 lives !ost. Superior 2d, 507, ??rryfburg, 1845, wrecked on Lake ooperior, 35 lives lost, in i8j6. Astor, 200, Green Bay, 1845, con- demned. London, 456, Chippewa, 1845, made a bark called Oliver Lee, wrecked in 1857. Helen Strong, 353, Monroe, 1845, wrecked near Barcelona in 1847, 2 lives lost. Newport, 1 843, liippewa, 1844, 2reeV in 1858. levelind, 1 844, (Her barge, and n Long Point. Algonac, 1 844, 50, formerly of faumee, burned z, Buffalo, 1844 inkiric in 1846, , Detroit, 1844, nillion, lost at in 1853. 'errysburg, 1844 ke Erie in 1853. hig"", 583* Erie, eked. rt, 133, Buffiilo, , Buflalo, 184s, ke Michigan in ;6, 60 lives lost. Detroit, 1845, Iwaukee, Novem- iJewpoft, 1845, licago in 1849, !e, 1845, wrecked i860. J, Buffalo, I845, ke Erie in 1850, •?rry»burg, 1845, akc ooperior, 35 856. Bay, 1845, con- hippewa, 1845, illed Oliver Lee, 57- I, Monroe, 1845, Barcelona in ost. Romeo, 180, Detroit, 1845, made a ferry boat in 1858 and uken to Toledo. Albany, 669, Detroit, 1846, wrecked at Presque Isle, Lake Huron, in 1853. Hendrick Hudson,759, Black River, O., 1846, burned at Cleveland in 186a Louisiana, 900, Buffalo, 1846, wrecked at Port Burwell in 1857. Saratoga, 800, Cleveland, 1846, wrecked at Port Burwell in »854. Canada, 800, Chippewa, 1846, made a bark and lost on Lake Michigan in 1855. Islander, 73, Kelley's Island, 1846. sunk at St. Clair Flats by ice in 1861. Baltic, 825, Buffalo, 1847, made a barge in 1863. Suluna, 800, Trenton, 1847, made a barge, and wrecked in 1858. A. D. Patchin, 870, Trenton, 1847, wrecked at Skillagalee in 1850. Baltimore, 500, Monroe. 1847, wrecked at Sheboygan in 185;. Diamond, 336, Buffalo, 1847, broken up at Detroit in i860. Pacific, 500, Newport, 1847, made a rarge, and lost on Lake Michigan in 1867. Ohio ad, 600, Cleveland, 1847, dismantled at Erie in 1859. Sam Ward, Newport, 1847, made a barge, and running yet. Southerner, 500, Trenton, 1847, wrecked on Lake Erie in 1863. Arrow, 350, Trenton, 1848, con- demned in Green Bay in 1863. Alabama, 600, Detroit, 1848, sunk near Buffalo in 1854. Franklin Moore, 300, Newport, 1848, broken up in 1862. J. D. Morton, 400, Toledo, 1848, burned on River St. Clair in 1863. Empire State, 1,700, St. Clair, 1848, made a dry dock at Bufltalo in 1858. Queen City, 1,000, Buflnlo, 1848, made a barge, and lost on Lake Huron in 1866. Globe, 1,300, Detroit, 1848, con verted into a propeller. Columbia, 167, Fairport, 1848, wrecked on Lake Huron in 1866. Charter, 350, Detroit, 1848, made a propeller, and lost in 1854 on Lake Erie. Albion, 133, Maumee City, 1848, broken up in 1865. John Hollister, 300, Perrysburg, 1848, burned on Lake Erie, re-built, and lost on Lake Huron. Atlantic, 1,100, Newport, 1849, sunk at Long Point by col- lision, 150 lives lost. Mayflower, 1,300, Detroit, 1849, wrecked at Point au Pelee in 1854. Keystone State, Buffalo, 1849, foundered on Saginaw Bay in 1 86 1, 33 lives lost. Telegraph, loi, Truago, Mich., 1849, sunk by collision with schooner Marquette, 1859, on Lake Erie. Dar^, 297, Trenton, 1859, dis- mantled in 1866. Dover, 81, Port Dover, 1855, wrecked near Port Dover in 1859. Ocean, 900, Newport, 1859, made into a barge in 1867. Fox, 163, Buffiilo, 1859, burned at Newport, Mich., in 1863. Gore, 149, Lake Ontario, 1859, dUsmantled at Detroit. May Queen, 688, Trenton, 1859, burned at Milwaukee in 1866. Arctic, 857, Newport, 185 1, stranded on Lake Superior in i860, at Huron Island. r.! (. """asHdg ritleaco to Qneber— Vie- nr Vletorla 8qnar«, Bloatreal ChleaKo to Qncber— Steamboat ■.•ndlac, Pat-In Bay. i\ THE LAKE PORTS. 67 Btreal. Ruby, 251, Newport, 185 1, broken up at Saginaw. Bay City, 479, Trenton, 185 1, wrecked at the Clay Banks in 1862. Buckeye State, 1,274, Cleveland, 185 1, burned at Buffalo, dii- mantled in 1857. Northerner, 514, Cleveland, 185 1, sunk in 1856 by collision with steamboat Forest City on Lake Huron. Swan, 166, Detroit, 1851. burned at Toledo in 1852, and at Algonac in 1854. Pearl, 351, Newport, 185 1, broken up in 1869. Plough Boy, 450, Chatham, 1851, re-named the T. F. Parks, burned in 1870 at Detroit. Mazeppa, 250, Lake Ontario, 185 1, wrecked on Lake Huron in 1 856. Minnesota, 749, Maumee, 185 1, wrecked at Summer's Island, Green Bay, 1861. Caspian, 1,050, Newport, 185 1, wrecked at Cleveland pier in 1852. Lady Klgin, 1,037, Buffalo, 1851, sunk by collision with schooner Augusta on Lake Michigan in i860, 400 lives lost. Iowa, 981, Buflilo, 1852, made a propeller, and finally a barge in 1868, lost in 1869. Cleveland 2d, 574, Newport, 1862, wrecked at Two Heart River, Lake Superior, in 1864. Golden Gate, 771, Buffiilo, 1853, wrecked at Erie in 1856, i life lost. Huron 2d, 348, Newport, 1852, in commission. Travellf.', 603, Newport, 1852, burned at Chicago in 1854, and at Eagle Harbor in 1865. ■Michigan 2d, 642, Detroit, 1847, made a barge, and lost on Lake Erie in 1869. CreKent City, 1,740, Buffalo, 1853, dismantled in 1859. Queen of the West, 1,851, Buffalo, 1853, dismantled in 1859. Mississippi, 1,829, Buffalo, 1853, dismantled in 1862. St. Lawrence, 1,844, Buflilo, 1853, made a bark, and wrecked at Buffalo in 1863. E. K. Collins, 950, Newport, 1853, burned at mouth of Detroit River in 1854, 23 lives lost. Ariel, 165, Sandusky, 1853, burned opposite Belle Isle, Detroit River, in 1868. Garden City, 450, Buffalo, 1853, wrecked near Detour in 1854. Canadian, 389, Chatham, 1853, broken up in 1868. Kaloolah, 450, Buffalo, 1853, wrecked at Saugeen in 1862. J. Whitney, 238, Saginaw, 1853, made a barge in 1867. Northern Indiana, 1,470, 'Buffalo, 1853, burned on Lake Erie in 1856, 56 lives lost. Southern Michigan, 1,470, Buffalo, 1853, dismantled. Forester, 504, Newport, 1853, dis- mantled in 1865, made a barge. Plymouth Rock, 1,991, Buffalo, 1854, dismantled in 1857. Western World, i ,000, Bufiklo, 1 854, dismantled in 1857. North Star, i,to6, Cleveland, 1854, burned in February, 1862, at Cleveland. Illinois 2d, 826, Detroit, 1854, made a barge in 1869, and lost same year on Lake Huron. R. R. Elliott, 321, Newport, 1854, dismantled in 1866 and made a barge. Clifton, 247, Chippewa, 1854, dis- mantle^ in 1866 at Owen Sound. Forest Queen, 462, Newport, 1855, dismantled in 1866 and made a barge. m <■■■■ iMii m it mni tm I liiiiii — : mm cykiM ^ ,:;ip* 1 68 THE LAKE PORTS. Plinet, 1,164, Newport, 1855, dis- mantled in 1866 at Manitowoc, and made a barge Island Queen, 173, Kelley's Island,' 1855, in commission. Amity, 2 1 7, Chatham, 1856, wreck- • ed on Long Point in 1867. Magnet, 256, Saginaw, 1856, in commission. Western Metropolis, 1,860, Buffalo, 1856, made a bark, and wreck- ed on Lake Michigan in 1864. City of Buffalo, 2,000, Buffalo, 1857, made a propeller, and burned at Buffalo. City of Cleveland, 788, Buffalo, 1857, made a barge, and lost on Lake Erie in 1868. Princess, 1 09, A]gonac,i858, broken up in 1869. Olive Branch, 89, Detroit, 1858, broken up. Gazelle, 422, Newport, 1858, wrecked at Eagle Harbor, 1870. Sea Bird, 638, Newport, 1859, burned on Lake Michigan in 1868, 72 livrs Ipst. Detroit (steamship), 1,113, Buffalo, 1839, made a propeller in 1871. Milwaukee, 1,113, (steamship), Buf- falo, 1859, wrecked at Grand Haven in 1868. Bonnie Boat, 125, Huron, O., 1859, wrecked at Kincardine in 1869. Comet, 385, Newport, i860, in commission. Philo Parsons, 221, Algonac, 1861, at Chicago. Sunbeam, 398, Manitowoc, 1861. foundered on Lake Superior in 1863, 21 lives lost. Bruce, 100, Groderich, 1862, broken up. Emerald 2d, 249, Algonac, 1862, in commission at Saginaw. Morning Star, 1,141, Trenton,i862, sunk in Lake Erie in July, 1862, by collision with bark Cortlard, 32 lives l6st. Sarah Van Epps, 179, Port How> ard, 1862, in commission. Susan Ward, 359, Detroit, 1862, made a barge in 1870. Young America, 89, Algonac, 1862, in commission. Stephen Clement, 602, Newport, 1863, made a barge in 1869. Heather Bell, 149, Detroit, 1863, in commission. Reindeer, 320, Saginaw, 1863, in commission. Silver Spray, 269, Port Dalhouse, 1864, in commission. W. J. Spicer, 446, Port Sarnia,i864, Grand Trunk Ferry. L. G. Mason, 139, Grand Rapids, 1 864, at Saginaw. George Dunlap, 358, Green Bay, 1864, plying on Green Bay. C. W. Reynolds, 171, Toledo, 1864, plying at Saginaw. J. B. Smith, 141, Algonac, 1864, plying at Detroit. Wave 2d, 159, Algonac, 1864, ply- ing at Saginaw. Keweenaw, 635, Marine City,i865, plying to Lake Superior. City of Toledo, 362, Toledo, 1865, plying on Lake Michigan. Waubuno,i8o,Port Robinson, 1865, plying on Georgian Bay. Minnie (flat), 242, Saginaw, 1865. Gen. Sheridan, ioo,Clevcland,i865. W. R. Clinton, 395, Marine City, 1866, plying to Saginaw, Capt. P. Kenyon. City of Sandusky, 432, Sandusky, 1866, plying on Saginaw Bay. Orion, 636, Manitowoc, 1866, ply* ing on Lake Michigan. Saginaw, 563, Marine City, 1866, plying on Greien Bay. Evening Star, 342, Saginaw, 1866, plying at Sandusky. Mackinaw (flat), 191, Detroit, 1866, plying on the river. Alpena, 617, Marine City, 1866, plying on Lake Michigan. Ml -«% wm ;79> Port How- ommiuior. I Detroit, 1863, n 1870. , Algonac, 1863, 602, Newport, barge in 1869. , Detroit, 1863, giniw, 1863, in , Port Dalhouie, lission. PortSarnia,i864, Ferry. ), Grand Rapidi, aw. 558, Green Bay, >n Green Bay. 1, 171, Toledo, It Saginaw. Algonac, 1864, oit. Igonac, 1864, ply- ^ Marine City, 1 865, e Superior. 62, Toledo, 1865, :e Michigan, rt Robinson, 1 865, srgian Bay. >, Saginaw, 1865. OtClevcland,i865. $95, Marine City, to Saginaw, Capt. h 432. Sanduiky, on Saginaw Bay. itowoc, 1866, ply- Michigan, arine City, 1S66, eien Bay. 2, Saginaw, 1866, dusky. 191, Detroit, 1 866, ! river. [arine City, 1866, ke Michigan. THE LAKK PORTS. 69 Marine City, 573, Marine City, 1866, plying to Mackinaw. R. N. Rice, 1.030, Detroit, 1866, partially destroyed by fire while lying at her dock, Detroit, 1877. Cleveland, Capt. McKay. GreatWestern, 1, 200, Windsor,! 866 iron ferry steamer at Detroit. Union, 1,000, Windsor, 1866, ferry for railroads at Detroit. Frances Smith, 625, Owen Sound, 1867, plies to and from Owen Sound. , Manitowoc, 773, Manitowoc, 1867, plies on Lake Michigan. Northwest 1,100, Manitowoc, 1867, plies to Cleveland, Capt. Viger. Dominion, 221, Wallaceburg, 1868, plie* to Chatham, Capt. Stein* hoff*. Jay Cooke, 450, Detroit, 1868, plies to Sandusky, Ctpt. Goldsmith. Dove, 427, Trenton, 1868, plies to Maiden, Capt. Sloan. J. K. White, 80, Cleveland, 1868, plies to Toledo. * Ivanhoe, 323, Buffalo, 1869, plies Niagara River. Manitoba, 800, Port Robinson, 1871, plies to CoUingwood and Lake Superior. Cumberland, 750, Port Robinson, 1871, plies to CoUingwood and Lake Superior. North Sur, 300, Green Bay, 1871, plies on Green Bay route. There were several others which plied to and from Detroit, of the smaller class, not noted in the above. The following brief mention of steamers was omitted in the foregoing : The Cynthia, a small steamer plying between Chatham and Maiden, was burned near the latter port in 1838. The O. H. Perry (small), burned at Sandusky in 1869. The J. P. Ward, one hundred and sixty-seven tons, built at Detroit in 1857, burned at Bay City in 1865, and her bottom built into a vessel. The steamers Reindeer and Freetrader (both pollywogs), Canadian boats, were lost in 1857. The former was wrecked at Big .Point Au Sable, Lake Michigan, and twenty-three lives lost ; the lat- ter was burned at Port Stanley, C. W. The Fremont was burned at Sandusky in 1858. The Sebastopol, built at Cleveland in 1854 or '55, was wrecked at Milwaukee in 1855 ; and the Canada 2d wrecked at Bar Point, Lake Erie, and was burned previously on River St.Clair, in 1855. The steamer America, built at Port Huron, and about six hundred tons, was wrecked on the rocks at Dunkirk, in 1854. The steamer Bruce Mines foundered on Lake Huron, and one life was lost. The Belle, a small boat built at Buffalo, and first commanded by Captain Frank Perew, was wrecked on Georgian Bay, in 1853. The Telegraph No. 2, formerly a lower lake boat, was burned at the head of Lake Erie, in 1852; and a Canadian steamer, the Queen Victoria, wrecked at the head of Niagara river, in 185 1. A steamer called the Atlas was wrecked near Grand River, C. W., in 185 1, and the Wave ist, built at Detroit, wrecked near the same place, same year. The Colonel Crockett was lost near St. Joseph, in 1834. Of her career we know nothing ; she was of the smaller class. The Mazeppa 3d was brought from Lake Ontario in 1S56, and was shortly after wrecked on Lake Huron. In 1847, a steamer called the Experiment, brought from Lake Ontario, navigated Lake Erie, and was broken up on the Detroit river a few years since. In 1848, the Dispatch came from fW $^tm H" V 70 THE LAKE TORTS. the lower lake, and plied on Lake Erie, and eventually became a tug on the rivers. She was broken up at Chatham, in i860. The introduction of propellers on the northern lakes was firsl inau- gurated by the arrival on Lake Erie, early in 1843, of the Vandalia, a sloop-rigged craft, built at Oswego, and one hundred and fifty tons bur- den. Since that date upward of seven hundred have been set afloat on the upper and lower lakes. In 1842, the Chicago and Oswego, each dne hundred and fifty tons burden, were built at Oswego. The first built upon the upper lakes were the Hercules and Sampson, the former at Buffalo and the latter at Perrysburg; the Hercules was two hundred and seventy-five tons, the Sampson two hundred and fifty tons burden. The Emigrant came out same year at Cleve- land, two hundred and seventy-five ^ons, and the Itidependence at Chicago, two hundred and sixty-two tons. The Racine and New York also came out that year at Oswego. In 1844, the Porter, three hundred and ten tons, at Buffalo. In 1845 were the following: The Syracuse, of Oswego ; Henry Clay, of Dexter ; Ireland, of Kingston ; Oregon, of Cleveland ; Princeton, of Perrysburg ; Phoenix, of Cleve- land ; and Detroit, of Detroit. The tonnage of these last named was from three hundred to four hundred tons. In 1846 the follow- ing were commissioned : The Jatnes Wood, of Dexter ; Genessee Chief, of Rochester; Milwaukee, formerly Vandalia, of Oswego; Ontario, of Rochester ; Pocahontas, of Buffalo ; California, of Buffalo ; St. Joseph, of Buffalo ; Earl Cathcart, of Maiden ; Queen of the West, of Maiden; T,ady of the Lake, of Cleveland; Oneida, of Cleveland ; Goliah, of Palmer, Mich.; Delaware of Black River, O.; Globe, of Maumee City ; Odd Fellow, of Grand River, Mich. ; and Cleveland, of Cleveland. The tonnage of these boats ranged about the same as the hist named. In 1847, the Paugasset, Man- hattan and Boston were all commissioned at Cleveland ; tonnage, respectively three hundred and twenty, three hundred and thirty and three hundred and fifty. In 1848 the Gen. Taylor, Sandusky, Montezuma and Charter Oak came out at Buffalo (the latter pre- viously a vessel) ; the Republic, Monticello and Ohio, at Cleveland. The following propellers have passed out of existence. There being several years during which no lake records were published, we make no attempt to furnish complete details : Goliah, burned on Lake Huron in 1848, and 18 lives lost. Monticello, wrecked on Lake Supe- rior in 185 1. Henry Clay, cargo of flour, rolled over in Lake Erie in 1851. Vandalia (Canadian), sunk by col- lision with schooner Fashion in Lake Erie in 185 1. Ireland, burned on the St. Lawrence River in 185 a. City of Oswego, sunk by collision with steamboat America on Lake Erie in 1852. Sampson, cargo of flour, wrecked near Buffalo in 1852. Oneida,cargooffioar,capsizcdoflTSrie inScptember,i852,alllost,iolive8. James Wood, cargo of flour, wrecked at Ashtabula in 1852. Genessee, burned at Rochester, L, 0.,in 1852. ^1 r«aE!!Eai.^sf®8a)fBK^S9B^^ y became a tug 60. 8 was first inau- the Vandalia, a d fifty tons bur- ;en set afloat on i Osweyo, each Oswego. The and Sampson, the Hercules I two hundred ; year at Cleve- idependence at ine and New He Porter, three following: The d, of Kingston ; oenix, of Cleve- ese last named 846 the foUow- xter; Genessee of Oswego; rnia, of Buffalo ; Queen of the nd; Oneida, of Black River, O.; ver, Mich. ; and ; boats ranged Paugasset, Man- eland; tonnage, ired and thirty lylor, Sandusky, (the latter pre- 10, at Cleveland. e. There being ilished, we make sunk by collision : America on Lake 1' flour, wrecked 1 1852. ir,capsized oiTErie )52,alllost,i()lives. >of flour, wrecked n 1852. at Rochester, L. <'blraKu to «|a«ker-l T THE LAKE PORTS. Princeton, cargo of merchandiie, lunk off Barcelona in 1854. H. A. Kent, burned off Gravelly Bay, Lake Erie, in 1854. Bucephalus, foundered on Saginaw Bay in 1854, 10 lives lost. Bostdn, sunk by collision with a ves* sel on Lake Ontario in 1854. International, burned at Black Rock, N. v., in 1854. Cincinnati, went ashore in a gale at Point au Barque in 1854. Westmoreland, foundered near the Manitous, Lake Michigan, in 1854, 17 lives lost. Rossiter, lost in a gale at head of Lake Michigan in 1855. Charter Oak, foundered in Lake Erie in 1855, 11 lives lost. Delaware, wrecked in a gale at She- boygan in 1855, 10 lives lost. Pintry, exploded off Port Stanley in 1856, 10 lives lost. Forest City, sunk in Lake Michigan by collision with schooner Asia in 1855. Oregon, exploded head o'' Detroit River in 1855, 17 lives lost. Independence, wrecked at the Sault in 1853. Lord Elgin, wrecked on Lake On- tario in 1856. St. Joseph, ashore and total loss at Fairport in 1856. Sandusky, ashore at Conneaut in 1856. J. W. Brooks, foundered on Lake Ontario in 1856, all lost — 32 lives. Phoeniz, burned on Lake Michigan November, 1856, 190 lives lost. B. L. Webb, burned on Lake Supe- rior in 1856, I life lost. Brun8wick,foundered on Lake Mich- igan in 1856, I life loat. rinto, burned at Kingston, Lake Ontario, in 1856. Charter, wrecked in a g^le at Fair- port in 1856. Paugassctt, burned at Dunkirk in 1856. Protection, sunk by steamer Boston, on River St. Lawrence, 1856. Toledo ist, foundered at her anch- ors off Port Wuhington, 1856, 43 lives lost. Falcon, burned at Chicago in 1856. Louisville, burned off Chicago in 1857, 1 life lost. Republic, burned at Sandusky, 1857. Oliver Cromweil, sunk in the Straits by collision with the schooner Jessie in 1857. City of Superior, wrecked at Eagle Harbor, 1857. Napoleon, wrecked at Saugeen, Lake Huron, in 1857. St. Nicholas, wrecked at Sleeping Bear in 1857. Forest Citv, burned at Port Stanley, C. W.', in 1858. Indiana, sunk in Lak(^ Superior in 1858. North America, burned at St. Clair Flats in 1858. Ontario, went to California in 1850. Manhattan, wrecked at Grand Marias River, Lake Superior, in 1859. Oriental, cargo of provisions, lost on Skillagalee, with 3 wrecking pumps, in 1859. Troy, foundered with cargo of wheat on Lake Huron in 1859, 23 lives lost. Ohio, exploded and sunk off Erie in 1859, 2 lives lost. Milwaukee, sunk by collision with (chooner J. H. Tiflfany in 1859, near Skillagalee. Lady of the Lakes, exploded and sunk in Lake Erie in 1859, 2 lives lost. Peninsula, wrecked on Lake Huron in 1853. M. B. Spiulding, burned at Forester, L. H., in i860, bottom made into a vetsel. r~^t*=!-'™ fs/;ii,fjJ-;>-;ti; = at Dunkirk in ■(earner Boiton, ivrence, 1856. rd at her anch- uhington, 1856* hicago in 1856. oiF Chicago in Sanduiky, 1857. jnk in the Straits :h the schooner recked at Eagle d at Saugeen, I 1857. ked at Sleeping i at Port Stanley, I. «ke Superior in rued at St. Clair ilifornia in 1850. ked at Grand Lake Superior, provisions, lost with 3 wrecking with cargo of E Huron in 1859, )d sunk off Erie I lost. by collision with Tiffany in 1859, e. », exploded and Erie in 1859, 2 1 on Lake Huron iirned at Forester, So, bottom made THE LAKE PORTS. 73 Mount Vernon, exploded on Lake Erie in i860, 2 lives lost. Globe (formerly side wheel), ex- ftloded at Chicago in i860, 16 ives lost. Wabash Valley, stranded at Mus- kegon in i860. Decotah, wrecked at Sturgeon Point, L. E., in i860, and all lost, 35 lives. Jersey City, lost by same storm, with 19 lives. Ogontz, converted into a vessel in i860. Cataract, burned off* Erie, Pa., in 1861, 4 lives lost. L. L. Britton, stranded off Calumet, Lake Michigan, in 1861. Banshee, sprung a leak and sunk oft South Bay, Lake Ontario, in 1861, I life lost. Oshawa, went ashore at South Bay, Lake Ontario, in 1861. Gen. Taylor, wrecked at Sleeping Bear, Lake Michigan, in 1863. Bay State, sunk in Lake Ontario in 1863, all hands lost, 23 lives. Pocahontas, wrecked at Long Point, Lake Erie, in 1863. Euphrates, wrecked on Sandusky Bar in 1863. C. Mears, sunk by collision with propeller Prairie State in Lake Michigan in 1862. B. P. Bruce, burned near Port Stan- ley, Lake Erie, in 1862. California, wrecked on Gull Island Reef, Lake Erie, in i86a. Jeflteraon, dismantled at Cleveland in 1863. Detroit ist, dismantled and made a barge in 1863. Globe 1st, burned and sunk in Saginaw Bay in 1863, raur- rected and made a barge. Vermont, sunk in Lake Erie by collision with propeller Mar- quette in 1863. Water Witch, lost in Lake Huron, near Sarnia in with all hands, in 1863, 30 lives lost. Nile, exploded at Detroit dock in 1864, 6 lives lost. Racine, burned off Rond Eau, 1864, bottom made a bark, 9 lives lost. Sciota, sunk in Lake Erie by col- lision with propeller Arctic, in 1864, 9 lives lost. Ogdensburg, sunk in Lake Erie by collision with schooner Snow- bird in 1864. Kenosha, burned 1864. Pewabic, sunk in Lake Huron by collision with propeller Meteor in 1864, ICO lives lost. Illinois, sunk at Point au Pelee by collision with propeller. Dean Richmond in 1865. Stockman, bjrned at Bear Creek in 1865. Brockville, wrecked at Big Point au Sable, Lake Michigan, in 1865, 3 lives lost. City of Buffalo, burned at Bufliilo in 1866. Mary Stewart, wrecked at Grand Haven, 1866. Whitby, lost on Lake St. Francis, 1866. -F. W.Backus,burned at Racine,i866. Wisconsin, burned on Lake Onurio, 1867, 50 lives lost. Acme, wrecked in gale off Dunkirk, 1867. North, burned on River St. Clair, 1867. Antelope, burned at BuAlo, 1867, made a steam barge. Portsmouth, wrecked on Middle Island, Lake Huron, 1867. Owego, wrecked off Barcelona, 1867, 5 lives lost. Sunnyside, wrecked at Pine River, Mich., 1867. Genesee Chief, burned at Detroit, 1868, made a barge. ' : ! IP iii i i iii i i!jjmm i i!ij.Mt ' , i i;.u, ii iiii i M' ! i ISp 74 THE LAKE PORTS. Gov. Cushman, exploded at Buffalo, 1868, 12 lives lose. River Queen, burned at Marine City, 1868, made a tug. Hippocampus, burned on Lake Michigan, 1868, 26 lives lost. Perseverance, burned on Lake On- tario, 1868, 14 lives losu Congress (formerly Detroit 2d), wre.ked at Thunder Bay, 1868. Queen of the Lakes, burned at Marquette, 1869. Boscobel, burned on River St. Clair, 1869, 3 lives lost, built up from bottom into schooner, owned by Com. E. Allen, Algonac. Forest Queen, sunk by ice off Clay Banks, 1869. Omar Pasha, burned at Muskegon, 1869. Avon, wrecked at Presque Isle, Lake Huron, 1869. Hunter, sunk by collision with pro- peller Comet in Detroit River, 1869. Belle, burned off Port Washington, 1869, 2 lives lost. Colonist, sunk in Lake Huron, with valuable cargo, 1869. Equator, wrecked at North Mani- tou, Lake Michigan, 1869. Free State, wrecked on Graham Shoals, 1871, valuable cargo. Anna Horton, wrecked at Kincar- dine, 1871. R. G. Coburn, foundered on Sagi- naw Bay, 1871, valuable cargo, 42 lives lost. Navarino (new), burned at Chicago, 1871. Evergreen City, wrecked at Long Point, 1871. Alex. Watson, burned on River St. Clair, 1871. J. Barber, burned on Lake Michi- gan, 1871, 2 lives lost. From the foregoing, which, as previously stated, mentions those only which have become extinct, and by no means includes all, owing to absent records, including 1870, of which no report was given. In the foregoing we omitted to give the Independence, wrecked on Lake Superior in 1853. From the above exhibit, it appears there were forty-five propellers burned, ten lost with all hands, seven exploded, and one hundred and twenty total losses, besides five hundred and forty-four lives lost. ■^iL |in Detroit River, *ort Washington, St. -ake Huron, with I, 1869. at North Mani- [chigan, 1869. cd on Graham iluable cargo, icked at Kincar- undered on Sagi- ' I, valuable cargo, urncd at Chicago, wrecked at Long rned on River St. on Lake Michi- ves lost. , mentions those icludes all, owing t was given. In wrecked on Lake pears there were seven exploded, ve hundred and mmii THE LAKE PORTS. 75 EARLY LAKE NAVIGATORS lUR brief narrative of marine events would by no means be com- plete without at least a passing notice of the lake navigators of earlier times, many if not nearly all now gone to their final rest. We much regret our inability to present this portion of the work in complete detail, but owing to the incompleteness of the records of lake events in the past, we must content ourselves by giving an abstract. The steamboat men of the earlier times are at present limited to a comparative few, many having died within the past few years. Below we give a list of the names of some who were most prominent as navigat- ors and shipping men generally ; many of them are still with us, but the names of some long since departed will be recognized by the readers of these pages. The command of the first steamer, the Walk- in-the- Water, devolved on Capt. Job Fish, an imported man from the East, whose knowledge of lake navigation did not extend very far, and who resigned his post on encountering the first gale, which occurred on his third or fourth trip, and delivered over the safe management of the vessel to John Davis, his mate, before reaching port. Jedediah Rogers subsequently commanded her to the close of her career. The Superior, being the second steamer on the lakes, was placed in command of Capt. Roger Sherman, who, although im- ported, as was the case of Fish, proved himself equal to the position, and continued as master of the *me boat two or more seasons, when he returned from whence he came. Capt. W. T. Pease, who comes next on the list, commanded respectively the Niagara ist. Pioneer, Superior, Niagara 2d, and others at a latter pei..d, including the Boston. He was also at one time master of the schooner Michigan, which subsequently was sent over Niagara Falls. He is yet living and a resident of Buffalo. Capt. L. H. Cotton commanded the first steamer that ever towed a vessel up the Fort Erie Rapids, the steam- er being the Monroe, and the vessel the ship Milwaukee. Capt. C. also, during a very lengthy and popular career, was master of the steamers Ohio rst, Pennsylvania, D. Webster, Oregon, Baltic, An- thony Wayne, and latterly the mammoth steamer Western World. At an early period of his life, in 1835 if we mistake not, he fitted out the brig Queen Charlotte, which, during the war of 1812, was cap- tured from the British, and for many years lay sunk at Erie, Pa. Capt. David Wilkeson, commenced (as did those previously named, except Sherman and Fish) his career in command of sail vessels. We learn of his commanding the schooners Eagle and Gurnere, his first steamer being the Commodore Perry, of which he remained master until the close of her career, when himself and others caused to be |,!,i < II r, J. I zs3^m^iss>js--ji^-mm^!>!^ B^JMMaWi ll ll ll llllll l LJUUlJIWM li i ipli|. . li.. i •: j^ 76 THE LAKE PORTS. built the Superior 2d, which he commanded for seveial years. Capt. C. L. Gager, is also among our early lake men, and was with Capt. Levi Allen, James Harrington, Loring Pierce, and John Kimberly on the Walk-in-the- Water as seamen comprising her crew. He was ab- sent from the lakes for several years, and on his return bought the steamer Red Jacket and sailed her, then the Gen. Porter, which he converted into a propeller, and afterwards the Albany. Capt. Wal- ter Norton, many years deceased at Buflalo, was among the early pioneers, and first commanded sail vessels, among which was the schooner Michigan already alluded to. He sailed the steamers Hen- ry Clay, Gen. Porter and Michigan. Capt. Geo. Miles commanded vessels for several years, among others the Erie, which during a fearful gale got dismasted on Lake Erie and came near being lost with all hands. He afterward sailed the steamboat Enterprise somewhere in the years 1834-5, and died, we believe, several years since at Erie. Capt. John F. Wight commanded the Wm. Penn, and subsequently the Chicago. He died some years since at Erie. Capt. Harry Whittaker was not only prominent as a steamboat navigator, but also a builder of steamboats, and through the intrigues of others has had his fortune wrecked on more than one occasion. At an early day he sailed the schooner Marie Antoinette, then the steamers North America, Monroe, United States and A. D. Patchin. What was never previously nor since achieved, he navigated with the steamer United States throughout the winter of 1845, between Buffalo and Detroit. Capt. Morris Tyler was also a vessel man at the first, and in 1 83 1 -2 sailed the schooner Cincinnati, and others previous to that time. He also commanded the steamers Ohio ist, Dan. Webster and James Allen. He last sailed the brig Columbia, which he built and owned. He died at his residence in Lower Sandusky somewhere about the year 1845. Capt. John Fleehafty commanded vessels at first, then steamers Wm. Peacock and Pennsylvania, and on his retirement went into the forwarding business at Huron, Ohio, and subsequently at Buffalo, where he died a few years since. Capt. Chesiey Blake died at Milwaukee, with cholera, in 1849. He commanded the schooners Hannah, Napoleon and others; also, steamers Niagara, Michigan and Illinois. Capt. Augustus Walker was probably one of the most prominent navigators in aiding and furthering steamboat interests that ever sailed the lakes. He built the steamers Sheldon Thompson, Washington ist, Columbus and Great Western, and first commanded the steamer United States, and subsequently the others herein named. The Western was the first steamer on the laker pro- vided with upper cabins. Capt. W. died at Buffalo, in 1865, aged 6^. Capt. Levi Allen, one of the mbst popular lake men throughout his sailinji career, commanded respectively the steamers United States, Superior, Pennsylvania, Buffalo and Niagara 2d. He still resides at Buffalo, N. Y. Captain Archibald Allen died several years since, at Black Rock, N. Y. Among other craft he commanded during his time were the steamers Michigan and Nile. Capt. Simeon Fox will be remembered by many acquainted with early lake events He THE LAKE PORTS. 77 1 years. Capt. was with Capt. in Kimberly on He was ab- irn bought the orter, which he Capt. VVal- nong the early which was the steamers Hen- es commanded irhich during a near being lost >oat Enterprise e, several years Wm. Penn, and at Erie. Capt, iboat navigator, rigues of others in. At an early steamers North lin. What was rith the steamer ;en Buffalo and at the first, and previous to that an. Webster and ich he built and omewhere about vessels at first, n his retirement id subsequently . Chesley Blake :ommanded the lamers Niagara, probably one of :ring steamboat eamers Sheldon 'estern, and first ently the others n the lakeff pro- n 1865, aged 65. throughout his United States, ; still resides at 1 years since, at tded during his iimeon Fox will ke events He served on board sail craft the greater part of his time, and at one period sailed the schooner Amaranth. He also commanded the steamboats Charles Townsend and Chautauque,the latter when plying between Buffalo and Barcelona. He died at Buffalo, N. Y., many years since. Capt. Peter Shainholdts served as first officer on the steamboat Superior, along with Pease, and in the same capacity for several years on different boats. He commanded the steamer Cin- cinnati, between Buffalo and Chippewa, for a time, and the Charles Townsend, between Buffalo and Detroit. He died at Buffalo, some- where in 1847 01^ '4^- Capt. Thomas Wilkins was a man unsurpassed in popularity by any who ever came before or after him. In con- nection with his duties, he always maintained the strictest sobriety in the performance of the same. He was the popular commander of the steamers Wm. Peacock, Thos. Jefferson, and Missouri, and after retiring from the lakes served faithfully for several years, and up to the time of his decease, as Collector of Customs at Erie, Pa. He died in 1870. Capt, Sam. Chase, long since dead, commanded in his day the steamer Ohio ist, also the Gov. Marcy and the Monroe. Capt. Charles Burnett (familiarly known as Buck Burnett) commanded the steamers Ohio ist and the New England. He also in earlier times commanded vessels. After his retirement from the lakes he was appointed Harbor Master at Buffalo, and proved an excellent officer, "dc '•d, like most all sailors, very poor. Capt, James Lundy com- niu '\:s career on board sail vessels, and, among others, we rei no his connection with the schooners Detroit, Maria and othc»i«, also, steamers Pennsylvania, Cleveland ist, Uncle Sam, Con- stellation, Rochester, Baltic, City of Cleveland, and others we do not call to mind. He was a man of strict habits and always popular. Bob Wagstaff, as he was familiarly called, will not soon be forgotten by many. He commanded the first and finest ship ever on the lakes, the Julia Palmer, in 1836. He was also a steamboat man tor many years of his life, and not long since ,died in New York. Capt. Charles C, Stannard commanded the brig Ramsay Crooks, on Lake Superior, also the steamboats Niagara, Bunker Hill and Saratoga, and died at "the bells," on board the Western World, on leaving the dock at Detroit, in 1856, Capt. A. E. Hart commanded steamers United States, Cleveland ist, propellers Oregon and Edith. Previous to steamboating he sailed the schooner Buffalo and others. His brother, Capt. Robert Hart, deceased at Buffalo, sailed at an early day the sloop Wm, Tell and other vessels, also steamer Robert Ful- ton and propeller Paugassett, The steamer Chippewa, built at Buffalo, without frames, with the^ shape or model of a muskmelon,was sailed by Captain Benjamin Armstrong, who also commanded the schooners Sterling and Britan- nia, besides other craft, Capt. G. Appleby sailed the schooner New Connecticut, which capsized in Lake Erie, and three days afterward a woman was rescued from the cabin alive, which was conceded one of the most remarkable events of the times. He also com- manded the steamers North America, Constitution, Ben. Franklin and J - ij i i.iw.i ii miniBH ii ■'1 frr 78 THE LAKE PORTS. Sultana. He died at Buffalo, in 1867. Capt. Thomas J. Titus rom- menced his career on sail vessels, commanding the schooners A urora. United States and others. He also sailed the steamers Ohio ist, Sandusky, Erie, Buffalo, Queen City and Julia Palmer. His last command was that of the propeller Monticello, and while on Lake Michigan was drowned from the small boat while attempting to land. Capt. H. Van Allen was deservedly one of the most popular men navigating the lakes, in whom the qualities of the sailor and gentleman were combined. His sailing career began on the Canada side, and we remember him on board the steamers Thames, Kent, Emerald, London, Canada and Clifton ; also, on the American side, on board the Mayflower and Empire State, two of the finest steamers that ever floated. The steamer Thames was also at one time commanded by Capt. G. R. Williams, plying between Buffalo and Port Stanley, C. W. Capt. S. F. Atwood ranks also among the first navigators on the lakes widely and favorably known. Besides sail vessels, he ' ommanded at diflerent periods the steamers Macomb, Monroe, Gen. Harrison, Troy, Arrow, T. Whitney, Parsons and others we do not at present call to mind. He is yet in excellent health, enjoying life at his island home on Lake Erie, at North Bass, where he is extensively engaged in the culture of grapes. If we have omitted already, we did not intend to, the name of Capt. J. L. Edmonds, who commanded for several years vessels and steamers. Of the latter we mention the North America, Chicago and Southerner. While in command of the latter, and after leaving Buffalo on her second trip of the season, in March, 1850, he was taken suddenly ill, causing the immediate return of the steamer to port, where he died on entering the harbor. Capi. Aaron Root sailed the schooner Amaranth, steamer Constellation in 1836, Bunker Hill in 1837, and subsequently the propeller Henry Clay. He died at Black River, O. Capt. Joel H. McQueen commanded the steamer Constellation in 1837 — afterward the Sam. Ward and other boats we do not now remember. He also at one time commanded the schooner White Pigeon. Capt. John Shook sailed the schooner Cincinnati, besides other vessels, at an early period, also steamers United States and Columbus. He died at Huron, O., some years since. His brother, Capt. Jim Shook, sailed the fine clipper brig Illinois, in 1835, of the Eagle Line, when it was fashionable to have the pea jacket orna- mented with the soread eagle. He also at one time commanded the propeller Sciota, besides several sail craft. He died at Huron, O., a few years since. Capt. Cliff Belden died at Cleveland in August, 1858. He commenced early on the lakes, on board ol sail vessels, and one time commanded the steamboat Star. Capt. A. H. Squier sailed vessels for several years, among others the schooner Laguire, steamers DeWitt Clinton, Garden City and others. Capt. Amos Pratt, long a prominent lake navigator, will be recollected as master of the steamer Anthony Wayne, or Mad Anthony, as she was at first called. He also commanded one of the first propellers on the lakes, the Samson, in 1843, afterward the Princeton and Globe. He was a l^H THE LAKE PORTS. 79 las J. Titus com- hooners Aurora, amers Ohio ist, ilmer. His last d while on Lake attempting to of the most ties of the sailor began on the earners Thames, on the American wo of the finest was also at one between Buffalo i also among the cnown. Besides earners Macomb, ;y. Parsons and yet in excellent e, at North Bass, ipes. If we have : of Capt. J. L. Is and steamers. » and Southerner. I Buffalo on her taken suddenly :o port, where he iled the schooner Hill in 1837, and at Black River, ner Constellation s we do not now schooner White incinnati, besides nited States and :e. His brother, 5, in 1835, of the pea jacket orna- i commanded the d at Huron, O., a iland in August, rd oi sail vessels, ipt. A. H. Squier chooner Laguire, Ts. Capt. Amos >llected as master as she was at first Hers on the lakes, jlobe. He was a popular seaman and gentleman. His death occurred a few years since. Capt. Wm. Dickson died at Buffalo, in 1865, aged sixty-five. He was reared on the waters, and commenced lite as a ferryman between Black Rock and Fort Erie. After several years' experience on the lakes, he commanded the schooners Sterling, Merchant, Michigan 2d, ship Milwaukee, brig Robert Hunter, propellers Hunter and Illinois. Capt. T. J. Pheatt died at Toledo, in 1859. He came from the lower lake,- and our first recollection of him is when in command of the schooner Grant. While on the upper lakes he commanded the steamer Gen. Harrison, in 1840 (log cabin times), the steamer Indiana, in 1842, the Northern Indiana and Western Metropolis. At the time of his decease he was managing a ferry at Toledo. Capt. John Stewart sailed, for the late Oliver Newberry, several vessels, commencing at an early period — the schooners Marengo, La Salle, brig Manhattan and others. Previous to his decease, which took place on the River St. Clair, he commanded the steamers Michigan and Northerner. He was universally liked. We also pay a passing tribute to the memory of other lake pioneers, among whom were Capt. Sam. Vary, who died at Sheboygan a few years since ; " Ould Ned Burke," as he was widely known ; Jerry Oliver, who commanded the steamer New England, besides sail vessels at other periods; Capts. Paine Mann, Joe Sherwood, John Kline, also Capts. John W. Webster and James Hackett. Capt. W. P. Stone, once of the steamer Keystone State, and favorably known, died a few years since at an hotel in New York City. Capt. Thomas Richards died while in command of the steamer Niagara, at Mil- waukee, in 1849. Capt. G. W. Floyd came from the seaboard, and sailed the brig Indiana in 1837, in 1839 the steamer Sandusky, and in 1843 the propeller Hercules, after which he returned to salt water. He died in California. Capt. George E. Willoughby died at Quebec a few years since. He commanded respectively the Emerald, London, Canada, Ocean, Mayflower and Plymouth Rock, and was a popular seaman. Capt. C. H. Ludlow sailed vessels, and in 1849 commanded the steamboat Baltic. He also sailed the propeller Globe, subsequently the propeller New York. He died several years ago. Capt. Jacob Imson, commanded the Hendrick Hudson, Diamond, Buckeye State and propeller St. Joseph. Capt. S. Clement in 1839 sailed the schooner Philadelphia, and at other periods different vessels, besides the Atlantic and others of Ward's steamers. Capt. E. B. Ward was also at an early date a vessel man, sailing, among others, the schooner Gen, Harrison. The first steamboat he commanded was the Huron, in 1840. Subsequent events connected with the life of this popular man are too familiar for repetition here. Capt. L. B. Goldsmith is still navigating the lakes, and is now in command of the steamer Jay Cooke. He commenced early and promises to stay late. Capt. Fred. S. Wheeler commanded the propeller Hercules and steamboat St. Louis, and has been dead for several years. Capt. Fred S. Miller has been tossed about from an early date. T here are those who will mvmumtimrAM I ' \ i ■ ■■■■ 80 THE LAKE PORTS. also remember Capt. R. C. Bristol, who sailed vessels ; also the steamers James Madison and Niagara 2d. His death took place not long since. Capt. D. P. Nickerson came from the seaboard, and has filled numerous important positions both on the salt and fresh waters. We remember the Captain on board the steamers Eclipse, Bunker Hill, Ohio 2d, Saratoga, and others we do not call to mind. Capt. Morris Hazard came from the east, having an experience on the rivers, if we are correctly informed. He brought out the steamer Milwaukee, at Buffalo, in 1H38, and afterward commanded the Con- stellation, Empire State, and also sailed the Monroe. In nearly all of these steamers he held more or less interest. He died at his resi- dence in Buflalo, in 1869. Capt. D. H. McBride died at Milwaukee, in March, 187 1, after a lengthy sojourn on the lakes. He had a large experience on both sail and steam craft. The schooner Havre was the last vessel he commanded, in 1842, and the propeller Iron- sides the last steamer. He was second mate of the steamer Erie, which was burned on Lake Erie in 1841, and narrowly escped being counted among the lost. Capt. Wm. Hinton, for several years past pilot of the U. S. steamer Michigan, was first officer of the Erie when she was burned, and met also with a narrow escape. He has served long and faithfully on board steamers, and commanded the Daniel Webster after she was changed to the Black Dan, and knows all about it. Capt. James M. Averill, an old lake man, commanded the steamer Erie (the little) in '40 or '41, and subsequently sail vessels — the Barton and others. Previous to this period the Captain was several years at sea. Capt. Heber Squier has been connected with the steamers St. Louis, Empire, City of Cleveland, propeller Oriental, and others we do not at present remember, with all of which he leaves a bright record. Capt. Jacob Traverse commanded the steamer Golden Gate, besides several sail craft. Capt. Benjamin A. Stannard, numerous sail craft. Capt. John Caldwell, who died at Cleveland in 1864, commanded, in 1836, '37 and '38, the schooner Hudson, afterwards the Henry Crevolin and Trenton. Subsequently for several years he commanded steamers to Lake Superior, and in the Northern Transportation Line. He was universally respected. Capt. B. G. Sweet dates his lake career back to 183 1, sailing the sch^jfler N. C. Baldwin in 1837-8, and took to steamboats someiwhere about 1845, commanding the propeller Phoenix in 1846, burned on Lake Michigan in November of that year. He also sailed the Northerner, North Star, propeller Iron City and others. Capt. D. Howe, at one time quite prominent on the lakes, was a lower lake man, and sailed at one time the schooner Saratoga. In 1837 we find him in command of the steamer New York, which craft was bedecked with four pipes. In 1840, Capt. Howe was in command of the Chesapeake, and in 1844.5 the Empire, at that date the mammoth of the lakes. He also sailed the steamer America and others. He went to Vermont and there died, some six or eight years since Capt. J. C. Benjamin died at Prairieville, Mich., in 1864. He sailed the steamboat Ben. Franklin in 1849, and previously sail vessels out % miammmSit^^ -J vessels; also the h took place not ;aboard, and has md fresh waters. Eclipse, Bunker to mind. Capt. perience on the out the steamer landed the Con- e. In nearly all died at his resi- d at Milwaukee, kes. He had a schooner Havre propeller Iron- le steamer Erie, vly escped being everal years past }f the Erie when He has served nded the Daniel and knows all commanded the tly sail vessels — the Captain was been connected ^eland, propeller with all of which commanded the ipt. Benjamin A. rell, who died at 38, the schooner t. Subsequently Superior, and in Tsally respected. 1831, sailing the boats somewhere 1846, burned on also sailed the ithers. Capt. D. was a lower lake In 1837 we find aft was bedecked ommand of the the mammoth of ind others. He light years since 1864. He sailed y sail vessels out THE LAKE PORTS. 81 of Cleveland. In crossing the line, we add to those already given of Canadian captains, Mcintosh, Dobson, Peter Melish, of schooners Lagrange, Wellington and Perseverance ; Capt. John Young, of the schooner Hope, and others; Capt. E. H. Malloy, of the steamer Adelaide and other craft — all now deceased. DETROIT RIVER AND ISLANDS. The Detroit river, or strait whicli cnnveyB tlie surplus waten of the upper lakes into Lake Erie, is one of the (inest streama on the continent It Ib twenty-seven miles long, and fronjNiiilf a mile to two miles in width. It con- stitutes the boundary line between tla- United States and Canada, and commences at the foot of Lake St. Clair, emptying itself into Lake Erie about twenty miloi below the city of Detroit, which occupies an elevated position on its northern bank and immediately opposite the Canadian town of Windsor. It haa a per- ceptible current, and is navigable for vessels of the largest class. There are altogether seventeen islands in the river ; their names are (TZiiy, Odtron, Hiekory, Sugar, Sou Blane, Ella, Fox, Back, Groste IiU, Stony, Fighting, Turkq/, Mammy, Judy, Ora»»y, Mud, BeUe and L'lle ou PInw. The two latter are situated alwut two miles above Detroit, near the entrance to Lake St. Clair. L'lle au Peche, belonging to the Canadian government, was the occasional home of the celebrated Indian chief Pontiac, who was styled by Parkham, in his "History of the Conspiracy of Pontiac," "the Satan of this fortst paradise." BtiU Trie, which is about three miles long and two miles wide, presents a strikingly handsome appearance during the summer and fall season, beinK cov- ered wTtn a rich growth of forest trees. During the summer season U is a favorite resort for the inhabitants of Detroit and surrounding country. The other fifteen islands, most of them small, are situated below Detroit, within the first twelve miles of the river after entering it from Lake Eric. The largest of these is Orosse Isle. In 1770 Wm. Macomb purchased this island from the Indians, and tc^ether with a few French families was the sole occupant for many years. Fifty years ago this beautiful spot was a favorite resort for the youth of Detroit, who heartily enjoyed a moonlight drive over the frozen river to enjoy a "hop" beneath the low-roofed homesteads of Grosse Isle. This island is nine miles long and two broad, and contains about six thousand acres of highly productive land. As is the case with the islands of Put-in-Bay, the surrounding water so modifies the climate that grapes, peaches and other fruit eeld most prolific crops. Edward Lyon, Em)., one of the proprietors of the Ichigan Exchange, Detroit, has an extensive vineyard of Delawares, lonas and Concords, in the cultivation of which he takes ereat pride. Several hand- nataa private residences have of late years been buUt on the south side of the island, mostly by the gentry of Detroit. {I J,'. 4 1:1 82 THE LAKE PORTS. An epilogue, written for a play at the Lyon Opera Home, by a diitlnguiahed gentleman of Detroit, thus complimenta Qnwao uiie : " We Ilka tha Island and we like the people, We like the little otauroh without a ataaple ; AIM the Dove, like that of Noah'a ark, Wbloh, aent out In the morning, la alwava home by dark. We view thin Lron Opera houae with pride, Whioh drawii the people itom the other aide— From Trenton, from Detroit, and Wyandotte, And e'n from Maiden, where a Queen they've «ot ; They ali are drawn to thia moat charming apot." Father Hennepin, who was a passenger on the Griffin, the flnt vetael that crossed Lake Erie, in his description of the scenerv along the route, sajra : " These islands are the finest in the world ; the strait IB finer than Niagara ; the banks are vast meadows, and the prospect is terminated with some uills cov- ered with vineyards, trees bearing good fruit, and groves and forests so well disposed, that one would think nature alone coifid not have made, without the help of art, so cliarming a prospect." THE ALEXANDER HOUSE, GROSSE ISLE. Dr. Charlevoix, writing in 1721, says : " These islands seem placed on pur- pose for the prospect. The land is of wonderful fertility, and the rivers and lake abound in fish. Nature seems to have denied it nothing that can make a country attractive. There are meadows, fields, lofty forests, and rivers, all so happily blended as to equal the most romantic wishes." It is, therefore, not at all siu^risinK that with the advancement of civiliza- tion and the accumulation of wealth m this delightful renon, modem enter- prise should have selected Oroase Isle as a summer resort for the inhabitants of the prosperous cities of the western world, or that a palatial hotel ahoold occupy the site of the primitive home of the Alexanders of years gone by. T))e Alexander House, under the able control of Mr. Geo. W. Alexander, is one of the moat beautiful and pleasing structures it is possible to oonoeiTe. % ■ nmmmxMm>. ji wmmumk.!-- i-..M^^',?rvf ' . ■'?J-»-r,.(,(,.fli*C*»-'i*«WW^''- by a distingukhed jrdark. he flnt Teuel that the route, Mya : 'than Niasara ; the th some Ellis cot- ud forests so well made, without the em placed on pur- and the rivers and I that can make a 1, and rivers, all so cemect of clviliza- :ion, modem enter- :or the inhabitants latial hotel should ears gone by. The lexander, is one of iceive. miwiMrj«rr«A^'..iiitiao' THE LAKE PORTS. 83 Fort Wof/ne, located near the villagn of Sprinpvells, Just below Detroit, has recently brcn made by the government one of tnt> strongc fortlflcatlons in the country. Its location Is admirable, occupying a slight eminence completely commanding the river, which at that point is narrower than at any other. WyandMe, ten miles below Detroit, Is u flourishing manufacturing village. It is the center of the iron manufacturing interests of Michigan The material used conies principally from Lake Superior, and is considered equal in quality to any in the world. Newton, two miles below Wyandotte, and immedlatelv opposite to Grosse ble, is situated on the west bank of the Detroit river. It has a good dock, is a steamboat landing, and was at one time a place of considerable trade. THE ISLANDS OF LAKE ERIE. These Important Islands, formhig a group in connection with other smaller ones, arc at the southwest end o^ Lake Erie, in N. Lat. 41 ° 80'. There are other islands attached to Canada, situated immediately to the north, the most important of which is Point Pelle Idand. These, In a measure, partake of the same favorable climatic influence that pervades the American islands, being celebrated for a luxurious growth of grapes and other other kinds of fruits, as well as for health restoring hifluences. The largest of the American group are KeUey't Island, South Ban or Put- in-Bay Itland, Middle Bait iSand and North Ban Island. The smaller islands are BaUait Island, OiiraUar Island, Sugar Island, Battlesnake Island, Oreen Island and West Sitter Island. The two latter belong to the United States Oovemmeut. The Canadian ishuids arc Point PeUe Island, Middle Island, East Sister, Middle Sirter, and the Old Hen and OMekms. All these are universally celebrated as possessing unusually fine Ashing grounds ; the Bass Islands derive theh- names from the large quantities of bass taken in the neighborhood during the spring and fall months. Other varieties of fish of a f ^ quality and superior flavor are also taken in the contiguous waters. PCT-IW-BAT. on SOUTH BASS ISLAND. The second in size of this group is distant about sixteen miles from Sandusky, forty from Toledo, sixty from I>etroit, and sixty from Cleveland. Its most popular name and bv which it has won universal renoi» as the most delight- lul watering place 01 western America, is derived from the crescent shaped oay or harbor which constitutes the northern point of the island, and from which Commodore Perry put forth with his fleet previous to the eventful "battle of Lake Erie." Put-In-Bay has been made historic from its beins the headquarters of " Per- ry's fleet," prior and after the great naval battle durlnK the war of 1812, and possesses one of the most secure harbors on the whole chaiu of lakes. On September 10th, 1818, the memorable conflict took place in ttese waters. The fleet, bearing the red cross of England, consisting of six vessels, carrying sixty- four guns, under command of Commodore Barolay, and those of the United States under Commodore Perry, met, resulting, as was afterward made known, in the following dispatch, written at 4 P. M. of that day : " Dbab Gbnbbal :— We have met the enemy and they are ours. Two ships, two brigs, one schooner and one sloop. O. H. Perbt. General WMam Jones." Not '"^eof the above group of islands but possesses some historic incident, wf .., ii correctly written up, would add jnreatly to the many events which have occurred in this portion 01 Lake Erie. Numerous shipwrecftB, cither from fire or storm, have taken place on some one of the islands, or waters adjacent, and not a few noble vessels, and many lives and valuable cargoes, lie buried beneath this plabi. if ) /^ r~ 84 THE LAKE PORTS. 1 ■" During the seuon of 1M4, the stMinei Parwmi, commanded by Captain At- wood, fllled an Interesting chapter In the hiiitnry oiF thiit historic nelghoorhood, the Incident* aaaocla- tt!d with which can Im bettci' prriienU'd by ftlTlnjc the testimony of Walter U. Ashley, Esq., who was clerk and part "ner of the steamer jvons, and also evidence of the pilot on that oecusion, at the trial of John Y. 11 Beal, occurring at a time when the rebel- lion excitement was ^ at its most feverish I ^ height, from threaten- S ed attacks on our lake a steamers by a party of B raiders luriilng at dlf- g ferent points on the borders of the lakes and rivers. Detroit and Wtniisor belnK, In the main, their obiective points. The ultimate object of the ndd leema to have lieen nothing more nor less than the capture of the United States steamer Michi- gan, and the release of the prisoners on John- son's Island, on San- dusky Bay. They in- tended to capture one or more steamers, that [^ the main object might, g with greater certaintv, ^ be carried out. "On the morning of Sep- tember 19, 1864. the steamer Parsons left her dock at the foot of Bates street, Detroit, on her usual trip to Sandusky. Early on I i, that morning two men fei came to the boat, as I ® she was lying at Trow- bridge, Wilcox & Co. 's dock, and inquired at what time the boat would start. Captidn Atwood replid at 8 o'clock. "They then Inquh^ if he would stop at Sandwich and take on some passengers. The two men took passage, ana on stopping at Sandwich four or five others got on board. At Maiden, % mmmmmm mm ded by CapUln At- Mtic nnlghoorhood, incidentH umocIa- wlth which can be U'i' prf-wnU-d by Ing thi' tcBtimony Willt«r O. Ashley, q., who waa clerk rl part ■'ni-r of the anuT stoM, and n evidence of the <>t on that occasion, tlie trial of John Y. aJ, (K-curring at a ne when the rebel- in excitement waa its most feverish igbt, from threaten- attacks on our lake earners by a party of iders lurking at dif- rent points on the trders of the lakes id rivers. Detroit and Windsor lM>inK, in the ain, their obiective >inU. The ultimate >j cct of t he raid seenu I have l)een nothing tore nor less than the ipture of the United tates steamer Micbl- in, and the release of le prisoners on John- )n's Island, on 8an- usky Bay. They in- mded to capture one r more steamers, that le main object might, rith greater certidntv, e carried out. "On lie morning of Sep- ember 10, 1864. the teamer Parsons left er dock at the foot of lates street, Detroit, n her usual trip to landusky. Early on bat morning two men ame to the boat, as he was lying at Trow- iridge, Wilcox & Co. 's lock, and inquired at vhat time the boat vould start. Captain Uwood replid at 8 t'clock. They then nquired if he would ) men took passage, board. At Maiden, THE LAKB PORTS. 8S where the boat arrived at half-past nine, about a dosen more took passage, making eighteen in all. "About eleven o'clock, when on Lake Erie, one of the men came irto Uf pilot-house, anti ask^l C'aniplx'll what counic he waa steering. He n-plied, the regular courm- from Bar Point to North Bass Island. He then requested the loan of the spy -glass, which was grantetl. When within six miles of the Middle Sister, the same man inouirew, his watch as pilot being off at nocm, after which time it was customary for hini to n>lieve the mate below. Some of the passengers were at cards in the saloon, and one of them made the remark that there was a suspicious crowd on ImanI, some of them being armed with revolvers. Campbell replied that some of them looked like Southerners. Tlie Parsons landed at North Bass Island, and then proc<«ded to Put-In-Bay, and thence to Middle Bass Tsland, when; Captain Atwoixl left the boat, that l)eing his residence, the mate taking charge. Left Middle Bass for Kelley's Island, where eight or ton passengers were taken, making the whole number of passengers between forty and fifty, men, women and cliiulren. " Cttnipl)ell went to the lower deck to trim the boat, and happened to look into the ladies' cabin, where he noticed certain mysterious movements among the straugi-rs, such as revolvers, and casting furtive glances as if to see if they were observed. Some of them were also seen in squads, talking in a very low tone. The boat left Kelley's Island on her regular time, for Cedar Point. Campbell went into the saloon, and while there heanl the rttport of a pistol, followed by a scream. He reached the deck, and saw one of the rebels with a cocked revolver in one hand and an axe in the other, running after the fireman. Heard the exclamation : 'Oo down below to forward hatch, or I'll blow vour brains out.' The fireman, however, got away, and ran upon the up|)er deck. The rebel turned to Campbell and ordered him to ao below, which he refused to do, saying that was not his place. He leveled nis revolver and fired, tiie ball passins between his legs. He went upon deck, when he observed a man known as the 'Colonel,' who had taken the boat in charge. The mate was in durance, and five of the rebels were at the steps reaching to the lower decks, each armed with one or two revolvers and an axe. " The passengers and crew had been thrust forward on the deck known as the 'promenade deck,' where they were being examined singhr, to see if they had any weapons, and after an examination thev were taken aft into the cabin. This waa about four o'clock. After this part of the programme was concluded, they were all ordered down into the hold, excepting the ladles and children and a few elderly men, who were placed In the cabin. " Two of the deck hands were ordered on deck to throw overboard some heavy freight, mostly pig iron, after which the scuttles were closetl down. Campbell was orderea to run the boat back to Maiden, keeping at the usual distance from Kelley's Island, for fear of being known. They started, and pro- ceeded some distance, but in the meantime the fuel getting low, the ' Colonel ' inquired where some could be procured, to which the pilot replied only at Mid- dle Baas or Put-in-Bay He was then ordered to head wherever he could get a supply, and he steered for Middle Bass, where they arrived about dusk. The whistle was sounded, and two men responded by taking the lines and making them fast. Four of the females lmme«uately jumped upon the dock, and were ordered on board. Three shots were fired at them, but none took effect. "The small steamer Island Queen, *Gapt. Orr, of Sandusky, hove in sight, wheti the ' Colonel ' ordered his men forward, and told them to keep a good watch on deck. Three or four men were placed forward, and the rest aft, except three who were stationed on the dock. The Island Queen came up and landed alongside of the Parsons, when Capt. Orr inquired why the latter had not gone to Sandusky, but received no answer. A number of the rebels rushed on board the Queen, with revolvers and axes in their bands. Capt. Orr knew not what to make of these proceedings, but he rang the bell to go ahead. One J ^ 86 THK LAKE PORTS. fl:- of the nbeiU wi>nt Into the miicine-rooin and nrderpd the engineer to itop. Upon refiiHinK In- whn hIioI In tli" fucf, the ball eoinlDK out of hit cheek. "The (jiiiTii wan then ittripiied of evrrythintr vahiablo, and the itaaaengen of both iKNita were m-nt mi Hhori!. Capt. Orr and Ma fn^lix^t^r were retained on the Paraona. All tlii> PanMiiiH' olHcera and crew were hIh«> nttalned, excepting Capt. AtwiMMl and the clt-rk (Capt. Atwood having got on (N>ard when the boat touclieil at Middle Baiw tin* Mrond time). Canipb«'ll waa tlien ordered to head for Uanduaky, tlie (jueen In tow. Arriving near Haliaitt Iiiiand the Queen waa RcuttliHl and sunk. Campbell waa then ortlered to head for Maiden. It waa tlieiruvowetl intention to go to Johnaon'a Ixland to makean attack on the United Btatea Hteamer Michigan. The theory that audi an attack was in their original programme conHlcta with the flrat return toward Maiden, and then reveralng thev course to procure fuel. Un the vt^ up tlie river C'nmplM>il was ordered to be sure and take the British channel, and keep as close as possible to the Canada shore. They did not stop at Maiden, but made for Sandwich Point, barely two miles Ik-Iow DenaUy of their misde- meanors, the punishment, in one instance, being death, and of the others, imprisonment. The thousand historic memorie«i which mingle with the tales and traditions of this spot, arc iieightened by the eiorious gifts dame nature haa bestowed upon it. The Bay is conceded to be the loveliest sheet of water on any of the north- em lakes. Burrounded by inlands clothed in emerald green, their rocky fronts hurling back the restlcHs waters of the lake, as if in defiance of its ceaseless efforts to undermine and sweep away the sylvan treasures of which they are the custodians. Tiie island's surface occupies over 1,400 acres, and many private individuals have here liandsome summer residences which adds largely to the general lieauty af the surroundings. The conformation of the island is |)eculiar and presents a rich field for the geologist. The Perry cave, situate near tlie center of the island, is annually vlsitea by thousands of admiring visitors. It has been considerably improved and rendered more commodious for the visiting public, by a pleaalng distribu- tion of a number of lamps that make it as brij^t as day. The scenery of the cave is most enchanting. The depth of the cave is about SO feet, with a length of IS rods. The roof, from 4 to 10 feet high, spreads out with a small body of water at its base. Wlien lighted up, it presents a grand appearance. The climate of the island is peculiarly adapted to health and comfort. No dews fall, and the dry, pure air is strangely beneficial to invalids, especially those suffering from bronchial or lung diseases. During the summer and early fall months the temperature usually ranges from 60° to 80° Fahrenheit, giving strengtii and vitality to the human frame, most perceptibly felt by those visitinff tUa region from a more southern altitude. Here, all those seeking health and pleasure, should yearly resort, as moat astonishing benefit has been found by those laboring under respiratory diseases, as well as general debility. We must not forget to mention the hotel accommodations, which are everything that could be desired. The Put-in-Bay House, of which Col. Saveeney is the pro- prietor, and the Beebe House, kept by Henry Beebe, Esq., are two of the hand- somest and best appointed hotels in America. PtU-in-Ba^ has, for the past few years, become noted as a fishing ground. The waters abound with idl varieties of the finny tribe, for which Lake Brie is so justly celebrated. Black and white* bass, pickerel, pike, muscalunge and whiteflsh, make it a favorite resort for the dteciples of Izaak Walton, and the facilities for prosecuting this unrivaled pastime, are in all respects flrat class and charming. The fish resort to the shoals that put out from the shores of the islands, thus providing a natural protection which cannot be found on any single island. This fact lias induced several fishing dulM to establish themselves on this island ; two have already completed their establishments. The fishing interest forms so ID* iffmim i ^ leer to itop. Upon heek. 1 the iMUMMtniKen of >ro rctalnml on the n\, cxc(!ptlng Capt. tl when the boat n ordered to head ml the Queen wan )r Maiden. It waa tack on the United aa in their original nd then reveraing N>ll waa ordered to Rlble to the Canada Folut, barely two they landed. The aggage, waa taken Ity of their miade- snd of the others, tales and traditions has bestowed upon I any of the north- their rocky fronta nee of its ceaseless of which they are ) acres, and many vhich adds largely I rich fluid for the island, is annually siderably i in proved a pleasing diBtribu- Fhe scenery of the feet, with a length ith a small body of learance. and comfort. No invalids, cBpccially I summer and early Fahrenheit, giving elt bv those visiting seeking health and has been found by debility. We must re everything that ftveeney is the pro- re two of the hand- « a fishing ground, which Lake Brit is Le, muflcalunge and k. Walton, and the respects first class of the islands, thus 1 any single island, elves on this island ; ig interest forma so n msMs^mm^--' THE LAKK PORTS. 87 Important a feature In the pastimes of the island that two small Htoaincrs have been fitted up express- Iv for the use of parties ueslrous of enjoving this charming pastime. It is said that there are more conveniences in the way of steam- btiats, row boats, lioat houses, mhinows and fishing paraphernalia in general at Put-in- Bay than in the whole length and breadth of the Lake iM-sides. SOVTR BASS ISLAND. F The secimd in size of e this celebrated group, contains about l,fiUO ^ acres of superior land, e being underlaid with w limestone; there are h some 5()U acres devoted 8 to the cultivation of r grapes, chiefly of the ^ Catawbaand Delaware « species; apples. pi umH, g cherries pi-aches, pears x and othor fruit, ai»o S flourisli here, and are S pnxluced in consider- " a^le quanlities. 3 HORTII BAfM IHI.AXD, ** s Contains about 100 ^ acres of land, and is 3 admirably l(K-ated and * equally pleasant. ! Grapes and almost a eve^ other kind of r fruit grow in richest abundance. OIBBALTAB ISLAND. Lying in Put in-Bay is a small island, most- ly covered with foivst trees, rlsine beautiful- ly from tne water's edge. It Is owned by Jay Cooke, Esq., who has erected a magnlfl- cent residence thereon. KBLLBT'b I8LA^efore these islands became the homes of agricuitorists, but at the present time only fragments of an embankment remain, meas'uing twelve hundred and forty-six feet around the crescent shaped part, and about four hundred feet on the rock baitk of the island. There are also evidences of a second fort having existed, facing on the lake, and on the north shore will be found a second specimen of inscription rocks. The gravelly beach of this island is rich in petrifactions, fossils and shells, and affords a never-e ding source of enjoyment to visitors. In different parts of the island rare specimens of crystals and carbonates of the glacial period may be found in the deep grooves of the limestone rocks. WATER ST., SANDUSKY — WEST HOUSE AND BOAT LANDING. %, tulation is about one the manufacture of xrhich are umually kving and Bmelting tify their curiosity, ticularly interesting, this region in the art of the same lime- lake action. The top f this neighborhood, produced by fflacial ! figures ana cuarac- ioothness of surface, lence of water. The 8t executed and well in America ; it is in ; symbols are easily group, the presents loils, etc., wliich tell )rominent part. The ion of the shores of ing of the "Wyan- )xtermination of the »eople, there are the I, gateways and sally nes of a^cultorists, remain, meas'uing iiped part, and about 1, facing on the lake, of inscription rocks, oesils and shells, and In different parts of le glacial period may AT LANDING. THE PORT OF DETROIT. VIEW OF CITY HALL, DETROIT. ^ETROIT, the chief city of Michigan, is situated on the banks of the Detroit river, a noble stream, or rather strait, twenty miles long, connecting Lakes Erie and St. Clair, and affording the best harbor on the entire chain of the great lakes. The river varies in width from one-half mile to - a mile, has a current of from two to three miles an hour, and is noted for the clearness and purity of its de«p, fish-teeming waters. The city extends along the bank for about seven miles, and is built up for about two and one- haif miles from the water. For at least six miles the river front is lined with mills, dry docks, ship yards, foundries, grain elevators, railway depots and warehouses. For a short distance from the river bank the ground rises gradually, and then becomes perfectly level, furnishing an admirable site for a large city. Detroit is laid out upon two plans : the one that of a circle with avenues radiating from the Grand Circus as a center, the other that of streets crossing each other at right angles. The result is a slight degree of intricacy in certain localities, which inconvenience is more than compensated by Vttrtli. ':r 90 THE LAKE PORTS. a number of little triangular parks which diversify and ornament the place. The avenues are from one hundred to two hundred feet wide; the streets vary in width from fifty to one hundred feet, and are generally shaded by an abundance of trees. The site of Detroit was visited by the French as early as 1610; but no permanent set- tlement was made until 1701, when Fort Pontchartrain was built. In 1763 it passed into the hands of the English, and immediately afterward was besieged for eleven months by Pontiac, in his attempt to expel the whites from that region. In 1783 Detroit was ceded to the United States, but the Americans did not take possession of it till 1796 During the War of 1812 it fell into the hands of the Brit- ish, but was recaptured in 1S13. It was incorporated as a city in 1824, when its population was less than two thousand, and in 1876 had one one hundred and three thousand inhabitants. The manu- factures of the city are numerous and important, including extensive iron works and machine shops, three railroad-car factories, flour mills, breweries, and immense tobacco and cigar factories. The shipping interests are also large, while pork and fish packing employ numerous hands. The principal streets of the city are Jefferson avenue, parallel with the river ; Woodward avenue, which crosses the former at right angles, and divides the city into two nearly equal parts; and Fort street, Michigan avenue. Grand River avenue and Gratiot street, at various angles with Woodward avenue. West Fort street is a broad and beautiful street, lined with elegant residences; and Lafayette avenue is a fashionable street. Griswold street is the Wall Street of the city. The Grand Circus, the principal park, is semicircular in form, and is divided by Woodward avenue into two quadrants, each containing a fountain. About one-third of a mile from the Grand Circus is the Campus Martius, an open space six hundred feet long and two hundred and fifty feet wide, which is crossed by Woodward and Michigan avenues, and from whidh radiate Monroe avenue and Fort strefct. Facing the Campus Martius on the west is the new City Hall, a handsome structure, two hundred feet long, ninety feet wide, and one hundred and eighty feet high to the top of the tower, com- pleted in 187 1, at a cost of $875,000. It is built of sandstone in the Italian style, and consists of three stories above the basement, with a Mansard roof. In the square in front of the City Hall is a fine Soldiers' Monument, erected in memory of the Michigan soldiers who fell in the civil war. Facing the Campus Martius' on the north is the Opera House ; and in '^"ort street is Whitney's Opera House, one of the finest in the country. The Custom House, which also contains ^he Post-Office, is a large stone building in Griswold street. The Board '^f Trade Bu'lding is another fine edifice, but is badly located in Woodbridge street, near the river, where its fine propor- tions cannot be seen to advantage. The Freight Depot of the Michi- gan Central Railroad is one of the most noteworthy structures in the city It stands on the wharf, and consists of a single room, twelve hundred and fifty feet long and one hundred and two feet wide, cov- and ornament the wo hundred feet lundred feet, and 'he site of Detroit o permanent set- artrain was built, and immediately ac, in his attempt troit was ceded to e possession of it lands of the Brit- rated as a city in ■and, and in 1876 ints. The manu- icluding extensive ar factories, flour ,r factories. The h packing employ n avenue, parallel he former at right parts; and Fort Gratiot street, at street is a broad ;s; and Lafayette the Wall Street of is semicircular in o quadrants, each ! from the Grand lundred feet long sed by Woodward onroe avenue and jst is the new City , ninety feet wide, if the tower, com- f sandstone in the e basement, with a lity Hall is a fine Michigan soldiers Lrtius" on the north sy's Opera House, Kouse, which also in Griswold street, ifice, but is badly re its fine propor- >epotof the Michi- y structures in the ngle room, twelve wo feet wide, cov- IrtWWM""^; ■■^^Kf*»»»**lf-»'»< i^a^M THE LAKE PORTS. 9» BO.\KU OK TRADE BUILDING. ered by a self-sustaining roof of corrugated iron. In the immediate vicinity are the great Wheat Elevator of the company, from the cupola of which a superb view of the city, tiver, and Lakes St. Clair and Erie, may be had ; and the Round House, in which sixteen locomo- tives stand under a dome surpassed in size only by that of the capitol at Washington. Besides the opera houses, there are the German Stadt Theater, and several large public halls. The Young Men's Christian Association has a large building in Farmer street, with library, gymnasium, restaurant, public hall, etc. The churches of Detroit are noted for their number and beauty. St. Anne's (Roman Catholic), Lamed street, corner of Bates, is the oldest church in the city, and is noted for its fine choir. The Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul (Roman Catholic), Jeflerson ave- nue, corner of St. Antoine street, is the largest church edifice in the State, and has an imposing interior. St. Paul's (Episcopal), comer Congress and Shelby streets, is the parent church of the diocese, and is famous for its beautiful roof, which is self-sustaining ; there is not a pillar in the building. Other handsome Episcopal churches are Christ's, in Jefferson avenue, above Hastings street; St. John's, in Woodward avenue; and Grace, in Fort street. The Fort Street Presbyterian (Fort street corner Third) has the handsomest front of i i: l^. i , i I, r'l ! ll'J if!'.i J ^ tlft 92 THE LAKE PORTS. any church in the city. The Central Church (Methodist), in Wood- ward avenue, above the Grand Circus, has a richly decorated inte- rior. The First Presbyterian, in State street ; the Jefferson Avenue Presbyterian, above Rivard street; and the First Congregational, Fort street corner of Wayne, are all fine edihces. There are several libraries in the city, of which the principal are the Public Library, containing thirty-seven thousand volumes, and that of the Young Men's Society, containing fourteen thousand. The Convent of the Sacred Heart, in Jefferson avenue, near St. Antoine street, is a large and very beautiful building. The House of Correction, in the north portion of the city, is considered one of the best reformatory prisons m the country. Directly opposite is a home for discharged female prisoners, who are received here and furnished with work until places can be found for them out of reach of the evil influences previously surrounding. The United States Marine Hospital, on the bank of the river, just above the city, commands a fine view of the Canada shore. Elmwood Cemetery is a beautiful burying ground, within the city limits (reached by horse cars). Woodmere Cemetery, on high ground, four miles west of the city, is of recent origin. Fort Wayne is a bastioned redoubt, about three miles below the Michigan Central Depot, standing upon the bank of the river and completely commanding the channel. The Fort Street and Elmwood horse cars run within half a mile of it, and it is also a favorite point to which rides and drives are taken. Belle Isle, an island in the river 'opposite the upper limit of the city, is a favorite resort for picnics. Grosse Point, seven miles above the city, is a point of land project- ing into Lake St. Clair. It is noted for its cherry orchards, and is the terminus of a beautiful drive over a good road. Grosse Isle, eighteen miles below the city, is an island three miles long by one mile wide, and is a favorite resort of the wealthier inhabitants of Detroit, many of whom have beautiful summer residences upon it. Put-in-Bay Islands, a group of islands in Lake Erie, near the mouth of Detroit river, is a favonte summer resort. From Detroit there is a daily steamer in summer to Kelly's Island, the largest of the group. DAVIS * CO.'S FISHING TUG GRAYLING. — SEE NEXT PAGE. lodist), in Wood- decorated inte- efferson Avenue Congregational, rhere are several Public Library, It of the Young Convent of the street, is a large lion, in the north armatory prisons scharged female vork until places ences previously on the bank of w of the Canada ; ground, within re Cemetery, on : origin. miles below the jf the river and et and Elmwood ) a favorite point sland in the river esort for picnics, of land project- orchards, and is id. Grosse Isle, iles long by one :r inhabitants of idences upon it. , near the mouth Detroit there is ;est of the group. »EXT PAGE. S. H. DAVIS & CO., FiflH Merciiamts, 21 Woodwahd Avenue, Detroit, Mich. The fish which abound in the lakes and rivers of Northwostern America have always formed a cnnspicuous item in the commerce of the country. Long before itH discovery the Indian delighted to build his camp fires near these in- land seas tliat lie might spear ana dry a large quantity of flsh for his winter use, and Europeans, upon settling here, chose the same spots for almost exactly the same reasons. At the same time but little difference existed Lb their mode of capturine them, indeed their implements were almost as rude in construction as those of their dusky bretberon, and had it not been for the hook and line and still more uncertain dredge net they would have been much less successful, for the Indian almost invariably spears a flsh every time he makes a thrust, whereas the European as a rule succeds in capturing but a few flsh after several hours lalmrious watch- ing. For the past flfty years but little improvement has been made in that branch known as gill net fishing. As primitively used, tiie net was sunk by means of stones or pieces of iron of irregular shape and weight, and were buoyed at a proper distance from the bottom (from five to six feet) by shingles, pieces of wood or bark, or any light substance that came most readily to hand. The disadvantages under which the flsherman labored from tiie use of these and similar appliances can readily be imagined. The most disastrous of wliich was the almost certain entanglement of the floats and sinkers in the meshes of the net, often breaking them and causing considerable loss and de- lay to the operators. That so long a time should have elapsed, during which so many inventions in almost every other branch of industry have been made, without some improvement upon this method of fishing havmg been thought of is astonishing. With the yearly increasing demand for all kinds of lake and river fish, either fresh or dried, both in tliis and other countries, no proportion- ate facilities have lieen introduced whereby expense and labor could be econo mizcd. In view of these facts, Messrs. 8. H. Davis & Co, of Detroit (for many years known throughout the United States and Caniida as tlie inventors and patentees of refrigerator cars, flsh freezing pans, &c.) have devoted consid- erable time and money to perfecting a system of floats and sinkers that will remedy all the annoyances heretofore experienced by giil-net fishermen. The result of their labors has been the produc- tion of an eliptical glass globe (see fig. 1) containing one and a naif cubic inches of air and weighing thirteen ounces. These egg-sliaped globes are groved lengthwise so that a cord can be securely passed round them and connected with the side line. This is used to replace the shingles, pieces of bark, or the more re- cently used wooden floats (see fig. 2.) It will be readily seen that these globes pre- vent any disarrangement or breaking of the nets, as they are too large tq fall through or become entangled in the meshes, at the same time securing a regular buoyancy of the net, ail being of the same grav- ity and not affected by water as the floats constructed of porous substances must be, more or less. The next im- portant feature is the sinker, and this has undergone as decided a transformation, through the ingenuity of tltese gentlemen, as the float. The sinker in most general use at the present day consists of a piece of lead pii)e about four inches long (see fig. 8.) This produces the same ^\C.A F/G^ rp'- l! I ii' •■ 94 THE LAKE PURTS. (lisafltorB as any of the previous methods adopted, and has almoHt invariably tanfrjcd tlic net so bmliy so to ren- der the cateh most uncertain. Tlie sinl<-^ on page four, is deserving of especial mention. It is a boat of about seventeo. ^"^ burthen, and capable of standing almost any kind of weather. It is clipper built, a'ld capable of making fourteen miles an hour. Its appointments are in all 'respects perfect, behig f nrnished with everything that a vessel of its descnption should have, as well as those requisites necessary for the convenient performance of the trafllc in which it is engaged. As has before been mentioned, the inventors of this improved gill- net are also the patentees of refrigerator cars and improved facilities for freez- ing fish. A full description of which will be furnished on application. ALLEN, SHELDON & CO., Dry Goods. Scientiflc experiments and observation, the work of centuries, have de- T.;!oped but four materials capable of being used as clothing for the human family, and it is admitted by all that cotton takes the lead as the material universally used for this purpose. For many years the cotton mills of Lanca- shire, England, were the only ones capable of producing a marketable fabric; but of late years America has proved a formidable rival. To such an extent indeed has the skill in the home manufacture of these goods attained, that England imports large quantities for her own use. It is therefore reaeut forming a gang. nesli part, run on ) a wooden rod to six hundred feet ipon which Is a flag ittnllar arrangt'oient In placing the not hich is attached the ved by the net. The to the bottom, the pcrpcndicmlar posl- having Buccessfully itb anchor and Aug urse is pursued, the e leading line, net, pr iiand. The vessel lid out or taken in. wo to three hundred the flsh by the gills ted every two days, are put through a lug, "Qrevllng/' an >f especial mention. of standing almost ;f making fourteen !ct, being fnrnlshed ve, as well as those trafllc in which it is ' this improved gill- 1 facilities for freez- ipplication. Dds. nenturies, have de- ling for the human ;ad as the material tton mills of Lanca- , marketable fabric; To such an extent roods attained, that nerefore reasonable ;ton fabrics, should, "onage. rank as one this sketch has for ods trade and occu- ward avenue. The ta, Ohio and adjoin- ompetent salesmen, eading commercial ' stone in the great id perseverance of THE LAKE PORTS. 05 MICHIGAN EXCHANGE HOTEL, LtoN & PoRTBK, PROI'KIBTOHH. This fine hotel is situated at the comer of Jefferson avenue and Shelby street, being in the central part of the city, convenient to the depots. HiennilKiat land- ings, ferry and po.stofflce. It is a large, fintt looking building, bus a frontage on JeffevHon avenue of 1 40 feet, 200 feet on Hhellty street, and on W()<)(lbri(l|;e street 140 fiM^t, facing the Board of Trade building, and coniniunding an invit- ing view of the lieautiful Detroit river, whicli in the summer mouths attracts thousands of pcrtple to this great and growing city, wliere forty years ago the hotel business was only in its infancy. Like all VVei'tern ei;«<'ii>ri8es, the Miuni- OAN ExuHANOB has been truly HueceHtiful, and today lias a widespread reputa- tion for its splendid ap|)ointnientR. The tables ai'e loaded with tli<; best the market affords, and are carefully watched over by a competent caterer. The dining room is par exeelle'ice, being the largest in tin; Htate, and, like evcrv room In the house, is kept in tip-top order, and patronized l)y the groat travel- ing public, as its well-filled register will testify. One important and remark- able feature in connection with this hotel, is the facility for escape in case of j9rc, with broad halls and wide staircases. From the ofHct! floor to the top story runs a mammoth steam elevator, which is elegantly upholstered. The house contains over 200 sleeping rooms and capacious parlors, and can easily accom- modate 600 guests. In fact, the Mioiiioan Exciianok is unsur])as8ed. and the most popular hotel outside of New York, and a great favorite with commercial men. The proprietors, Messrs. Lvon & Pobtkk, are gentlemen in every sense of the word, and their clerhs, Messrs. C 8. tlatoa and Harry Smith are univer- sally esteemed for their politeness and assiduous attention to the wants of their patrons. Michigan Jefferson Avenne. Corner Shelby Street, Exchange. DETROIT. MICH. This Hotel is one of the Oldest and most Celebrated in Detroit ; it occupies nearly an entire square, and has a frontage of 140 feet on Jefferson Ave., (the principal thoroughfare of the city), and 200 feet on Shelby Street. HENHY POUTBM. r "°™"*""** ft ..1 Ik .-iigiiag^ 96 THE LAKE PORTS. ED80N, MOORE & CO., WilOLKHAI.K DBY GOODH. This houHc, though «!Htnbll«hcii only about five years slnoe, is promi- nent and in the front ranit of our largeHt huHinesH houses, its sales aggre- gating 11,500.000 annually, and that too without the help of traveling sales- men or agents. The memltert* of the Arm are men of ripe experience and ability, liaving been previously connected with the leading great bouses of the country, which connections l>rought to th.-m a very extensive business acquaintance. The building wcupled by the firm is 18P 100 and 192 Jefferson avcniic. at the comer of Bates street ; it has a frontage of sixty-live feet, and a depth of one hundred feet, having a basement and tour floors. A steam elevator runs from (he first to the fourth floor, where the packing is done. The flrst floor is devoted to a general line of dress goods, except a portion in the rear, which Is set apart and conveniently furnished as a depart- ment for the accountants. The light and airy basement is filled with what is technically called domestics. On the second fioor is a mammoth stock of white goo'ds and notions, and the third fljwr Is devoteil r feeders, Dean & Co's. steam pumps, Henry Disstue & Sons saws, Jas. T. Noyer & Sons mill machinery, l)elting »&;c. The large and comprehensive stock carried by this house, compared with the sterling integrity with whicjli all liusineas transactions are coupled, have gained for It a large and extensive patronage, the annual sales aggregating $300,000, and is extending into the States of Colorado, Utah, Texas, Arkansas, Minnesota New Yom and the Canadas. It is with great pleasure we refer to a house so deserving of notice as the one in question, at once a credit to their city and the West. JAMES JENKS, Dealer in all kinds of MACHINERY AND SUPPLIES, EMERY WHEELS AND GRINDERS. tt aad 18 Atwater Street K., Detroit, HIehigaa. 9~ Atcent for J. A. Fay Je Co , C. B Rovers Sc Co,. Ituckeye Engine Co., Wltherby, RuKgft Uii-hardaoii, Riubards, London & Kelly, and other flrsr-ulaits niHiiufacturers. Wood and Iron Working Mauhliiury. ^uw Mills, Hall'K Patent Shingle Machines, Henry Disstue &80118' Saws, Jbo. T. >oy8 & Sons' Mill Machinery. Deatn Sc Co.'s Steam Pumps, Saws, Belting, ESnginea, Boilers, Steaui Pumps, Boiler Feeders, etc. ■M sinre, is promi- '8, its HuleR ugffrc- of trnvciinff xales- |)(( ('X|MTit'n<;e and ig great hoiiHCH of RXti'DHive businoBS 188 too and 193 mtnge of xixty-Hve tnd four floors. A ten; the packing it ?8s goods, except a nishear- ance of the interior of their show rm is striking and beautiful ; thousands of Sieces of sheet music are neatly arranged in cases and classifled, extending from oor to ceiling, a gallery encircling this tl(M)r to allow of access to the up|M'r tiers, while a beautiful circular show case containing a flne assortment of brass and other muBi(;al instruments tastefully arranged, together with the handsome offices, combine to render the store, one of the masterpief^es of art, the moat handsome in the city. Messrs. WniiNBT & Co. are the general western agents for the Chiekering pianos and Estey organs, liotb instrumt^nts of great merit, and to which there are few equals and no su|>eri(>r8 in the market. They keep constantly on hand a complete assortment of the latest musical compo- sitions, and are in a position to furnish to order anv kind of musical merchan- dise obtainable. This is perhaps the largest music house in the West ; certainly it ranks very high. Twentv salesmen are employed, and the business receipts aggregate 9'«>U,U00 annuslly, their trade extending throughout the entire Western States. Mr. Whitney was the builder of the handsome Opera House that bears his name, and which is a gr<;at acquisition to our city, both in an architectural and commercial |>oint of view. The gentlemen comprising the Arm are Mr. C. J. Whitney and Mr. I. C Y. Wliect, who wns admitted to partnership in 1870. CHICKERING PIANOS^ E8TEY ORGANS. O. J. WHITNEY (S^ CO. General -Argents, DETROIT, - MICHIGAN. KING'S NEW TFA STORE. This well known and highly successful tea dealer has lately opened a branch at No. 1 Russell House Block, Michigan Qrand Avenue. The store has been handsomely decorated and presents a very stylish ap|H!arance. Mr. Kimo has for many years been associated with tlie tea trade and understands it thoroughly, X ■«■ ii Ct ^ _ i" t.} U i ■d 98 THE I.AKK HORTS. havinp; tlircc otiier RtorcH in '. .'if Ills makinit a pri>witt to i-vcrv )>urcliaiu-r of a pound of t< a of a fanry or iiM>ful artlrU;, ix and other ornamental and domcHtii; articlcH innuni<-r»lilt!. Rhould tin- purcliawr wIhIi a more i>x|H-nitiv(> ^ift than that given with a pound of ten, a clicrli ia givon and when them* liavu Hufflcicntly a(-(!uni\ilated tho cuHtomcr iH allowed to choao among a large and elegant aiwurtnient of ariielcH, including clockH, vaacH, (;ofFeo milla, china wan*. &c., i&c. With no one Ih thitt HyHieni more Hiicc<'HHfully carried out than Mr. Kino, hiit dlHplay of gifta iH-ing (urtalnly 'ho mont exti-n- Hive and uiu'ful. King's Tka Storks AHI URNOWMCD FOH KBBPIKO The Best Teas and Coffees, AT LOWEST PHICE8, And giving handHomo PrcHcntH to all their Cuatomors. HEAngUARTBRS : 142 GRATOIT AVENUE, CORNER BEAUBIEN STREET. nitANCII STORKS: Number One RiiHHell IIouw! Block. 811 Michigan Avenue, bet. 5th & «th Ht8. | iOli Qra-id River Avenue, cor. Sth St. DUNN BROTHERS, Dry Good*, 179 jBrPKKHON AVFNUK. This well-known house has for a long tin -^ J.uioat controlled the trade of rubber gooda in this city, and the Huperuir nuality of the article supplied by them has gained for the house a widc-spreaa popularity. Rubber hose, belt- ing, rubber toys, cuspadores, and indeed evervthing reprcsenttHl in this line of manufactures are kept constantly on hanci, and no pains are spared to supply customers with the best prmluctions and the most recent improve- ments. Fire companies, vessi^l owners and mill men will do well to patronize this house. w. c. DUNN. E. DUNN. DUNN BROS., Wholesale anii Retnil Dealere in CYCRUBBER QOODSCO 179 Jkkfehhon Avenue, DETROIT, MICHIGAN. ADAM COUSE. The above named gentleman has been for many years connected with the piano forte and organ trade. Until recently he occupfctl the second floor of No. 39 Monroe avenue, but finding that place too small for his largely increased business, he removed to his present handsome and commodious show rooms on the ground floor at No. 28. His stoekof planus, organs, melodeons, etc., is large and fine, and are sold at such extremely low prices, that cannot fail to Attract buyers. Mr. Couse is one of the most successful merchants who have n SWffP" .^ V wbinh, M well bb Kism'h jHipularlty xiuml of t>it of a iincy pin Im)X ann nnf biiildinKM, othiT Htor»){« promiiM'M. etc. Mr. Voijft. conRUineH annually throe thouHand tonw of ice, two thoiitnnd wivi-n hiindritd tonx of wliinh Ik Ntorud Bvory winter in the Ave liirne iott hoiiNeM. Mr. Voijct employH twenty flvo rann, who rm'i(lv('(l la«t yimr v/ngtin amounting to f I4.(MN). The capital invii<4tiuini-d In thi(* rity. and the rt'nininder Ih Hhipped to all partM of the t-ounlry, eaHt and weitt. K. AV.VOIGT, IIHKWRH OK THE BOSS LAGER BEER. BRENA/ERY, GRAND lilVKR AVENUK, DETROIT, MICH. On Draught Everyvrhere, — ANIJ IB nOTTI.KO II Y— J. BEI.LEU. U STATE STREET, J. F. MOLONEY & (;0., ORANI) IIIVER AVENUE. WILLIAMS & CO., BREWERS, DUNCAN'S BREWERY. MESSRS. JOHNSTON & CONRATH. These gnntlemen have one of the most flourishing establi»hinonls for a new concern that can b«' met with in the city. They are both yoiiUj; men, but possess unusual fa<'iilty for business, uiid having from boyhood been actively engaged in their present vocation, they are eminently superior to the jjeneral run of manufacturing opticians. Although scarcely a year old, this firm has already invented three most necessary improvements, the most useful of which is the patent " Eye Tester," an Instrument similar to a small telescope, mounted upon a tripod, and used to determine the e.mrt lense required; the old-fashioned eye testers only registered the number, but when It is known that there are six clas.ses of'^ lenses, viz: the piano convex, double convex, periscopjc convex, piano concave, double concave, and periscoplc concave, none of which can be regulated to that nicety required by many persona, thus the necessity for some instrument that will perform this o.Tlce is obvious. By ^ti :^ -^^- THB LAKE PORTS. lOI Ih in prof!eiw of partN conMiHtH »f t unnuully thmo wliinh Im Ntorud iloyH twenty A vo ». Tho cupltal )unl t<)i|il(W,(MM). e pnNliirtion of yr known. Two- it Mhippoil to uU ►IGT, ss JEER. T, MICH. rhere. «fUE, f'B BUEWEUY. i. Iimonts for a new yoiiu^ men, but nod bwn actively or to the jjeneral ar old, this firm c moHt tiHcful of u small telescope, iMO required; the when it is knowu I, double convex, riscopic concave, any persons, thus e is obvious. By a nlmph' niechanh'al adjustnifnt with which the patent " Ryc-TrHti>r" Im fur- nished, the utmost accuracy can be obtained. Another much-needed huprove- mcnt, also patented by thetu; Kc»tlcnien, is the " Easy FittinK EyeCilass," the frame of wbhth is provided with an elastic contrivance which, to use their own words, "will curl carcHHinKly nnd cutely around the crookedest nose In rn>ation." The advantages to be iralncd from the use of this ^lass must ho experience*! to be appreciated. The "Economical HjM-ctacU'" Is also the inventlim of this house, the f^reut advantage belnft in the end of the temple pieces, which are ilat and curve slightly outward, thuspreventini; the scratch Ing w> common to the ohi style, at the same lime holding the spectacles llrmly In place. Messrs. M. H. Hmlth & ('o. are the sole retail agents for the sale of th(!se articles in the city of Detroit, anplies a want long kted is amply illust- i>8a an all the other iorty hands are em- cxeeuted promptly. the city of Detroit ars previously Mr. usiness in the city, ind probably has a tan any other house on these and other orarily embarrassed receive honest and s lately bought the broker of this city, lagniflcent stock of .'8 succeeds in pur- rs the benefit of his ht of him at lower Ti'K LAKE PORTS. 103 S. H. IVKS, ^L-OAN ORRICE, :;^D Corner Woodward Avenue and Conguess Street, Ubenil Advaacea on DIAMONDS, WATCIIBS and JEWBIiBV, Have OD hand a Urga 8took of Forfeited Pledge* which I will sell tit OREATLT KEDnCRD PRICES. Importer and Dealer in FINE WATCHES AND DIAMONDS, RICH JEWELRY AND SILVER WARE. Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Musical Boxes, etc.. Promptly Repaired and Warranted Bquat to New. 67 Woodward Avenue, Detroit. Mich. JAMES P. DONALDSON & CO. This house, succesHors to Dunlap, Donaldson & Co., have for some time been extensively engaged in the sale of cordage, naval stores, tackles, bloclcs, wire rope, etc., at 23 Woodward avenue. Indeed, a general ship chandlery business is successfully conducted by tbese gentlemen. Successful from tne fact that nothing, however trivial, needed about a boat or vessel, either usetul or ornamental, can be asked for which they are not ab'.e to supply, in con- nection with the above, they deal largely in paints, oils, rubber pacing, hose, roofing felt and cement. Their sail loft, occupying the upper part o,. the building, is one of the most spacious and well appointed m the city. They make a specialty of the manufacture of awnings, sails, tents, flags, etc;. JAS. p. DONALDSON & CO. DBALMIS n Railway, steamboat and manufacturers' supplies, CORDAGE, TWINES, COTTON DUCK, r-J:::^ Rubber and l-.eat,her Belting. Packing Hose. NAVAL STORES, WIRE ROPE, ETC. lumnrAOTDBBis of AWNINGS, SAILS, TENTS, FLAGS, ETC., ETC. Ofpiob, 22 Woodward Ave., - - Dbtboit, Michigan I J 104 THE LAKE PORTS. IM J. P. WEISS. " Music hath charms to sooth the troubled breast," so saith the po< t, and those whose bosoms are agitated with conflicting emotions, no matter what their character, should pay an early visit to this well known establishment, where every description of musical merchandise is kept in stock, from a one- key fife to a $2,006 organ. Mr. Weiss ia a gentleman of superior ability as a musician, and possesses an intimate knowledge of the mechanical structure of the various articles in which he deals ; these nualities, together with his large experience in the business, acquired by cl' se application, during a ^reat number of years, makes him a most reliable e.ponent of all things pertaming to the musical world. His stock of sheet m'tsic is complete, and is constantly being augmented by the latest productions of standard authors. Those desirous of purchasing an organ, piano or any kind of musical instrument, will do well to avad themselves of this gentleman's unequaled experience. As a man Mr. Weiss possesses all the attributes that go to make a perfect gentleman ; and as a citizen his universal urbanity and benevolence has won to him a host of friends. •.'I! J. R. WEISS, Dealer in MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, SHEET MUSIC, And Musical Merchandise of Every Description. Platans Sold on MoBtlily Payment*, Pianos ranging in Price from $150, $200 and $300, withotit eaUing them $800 or $1,000 Piamn. I vleo call your attentloa to the oeNbrated and world reaowned Of which I keep a large etook od hoi^d for purobaeen to seleet from. KAIR DEALING 18 OITABANTEBD. 72 Woodward AvBiftTB, Dbtroit, SWIFT & DODDS. In no branch of science has more progress been observable or more important discoveries made in the same space of time than in pharmacy and remedies for diseases, and no city can claim in its pharmaceutical membership a class of druggists more thoroughly educated or more reliable in their pro fession than the city of Detroit Among the most prominent of them is the t:.U^ ith the po< t, and , no matter what n establishment, tock, from a one- )erior ability as a hanical structure ogether with his m, during a ^reat things pertaining and IS constantly ors. kind of musical man's unequaled ) that go to make and benevolence \ lUSIC, m. without eaUing mowned o selMt from. lervable or more in pharmacy and itical membership ible in their pro at of them is the ' ^■■■"y* ^ -'!' ^; "j i j i-<— THE LAKE PORTS. lOS well-known house of Swift & Dodds, whose extensive premises at 54 Wood- ward avenue are profusely stocked with the thousand requisites tliat go to make up a thoroughly first-class house in this line. Care and experience have enabled this house to furnish each department with the best of goods, and their stock of paints, oils, vatnishes, chemicals, heavy drugs, glue?, manufacturers' sup- plies, etc., are thoroughly up to the market standai.J, and in quantities sufficient to meet the demands of any trade. This, in brief, is a model house, representing and exerting a vast influence over the country it controls for its trade, and one which has done much to keep steadily in the advance the growing interests of this business in the great commercial field of the West, and by the application of all those essential (lualities requisite for the success- ful carrying on of any enterprise. SWIFT & DODDS, ^W^HOLESALE Druggists, 54 WOODWARD AVENUE. DETROIT, MICH. LAZIER & CO., Commission and Forwarding, FOOT OF PIBST STREET. On the dock, fronting on the beautiful Detroit river, is the oldest estab- lishment in the forwarding and commission business, and largest in the West. This building has a river frontage of 175 feet by 200 feet deep, three stories and shed attached, all being built of brick, affording ample room for the large amount of freight that includes grain, country produce, lime, salt, and mining supplies that are shipped by the boat load to up-lake regions. Lazier «& Co. are successors to Buckley & Co.. whose predecessors were: Qurdon Williams & Co., 1844; G. O. Williams & Co., 1854; Williams & Co., 1862; Lazier <& Co., 1875, and occupied the building as long ago as 1844, when it was built specially for the business by Gen. Cass, for "Uncle Gurdon Williams," so-called. These enterprising proprietors have always had a large capital, and done an immense business, which has never been less than a mil- lion dollars, and often double that amount. The Lake Superior trade demands their principiil attention— which takes a leading position in mining supplies — and have always been agents for a line of steamers to upper lakes, where there are innumerable resources of wealth. Ward's magnificent line of steamers, of which there are eight, leave this wharf during the summer, for pleasure trips a- d excursions to the beau- tiful waters of Lake Huron, Michigan and Superior. Lazier & Co. are the agents. JACOB MANN, Lager Beer. - The manufacture of lager beer is a more important feature in the city's trade than the unitiated ma^ suppose, and Jacob Mann, the subject of this sketch, is a fair representative of the brewery interests in this city. He has the reputation of making one of the finest articles of lager beer known to the trade, and sends it M over the State. Mr. Mann makes a specialty of brewed beer for bottlers, and in this branch of his trade has few equals and no superiors. He puts it vi|. i i whole barrels, half barrels, and quarters. To be a good lager beer brewer is to be a successful man financially, and Mr. Maun appears to have discovered the secret and is successfully acting upon it. Parties who are dissatisfied with the quality of the beer they have been using, can rely upon getting perfect satisfaction by ordering of Jacob Mann's famous brewery. He can supply you at 28 and 30 Maple street, cor- ner of Rivard, or at his brewery. 843 to 351 Rivard street. 2 Sttrtit. io6 THE LAKE PORTS. LEWIS MANN, Bottled Beer. This in the largest beer bottling works in the city. Mr. Mann com.nenced the bottling of beer about six years ago, for the purpose of supplying lovers of the ueverage with a purer quality of bottled beer than had been furnished heretofore, llis bottling establishment is located at 811 Rivard street, Detroit, where he keeps a supply of flne bottled lager and pure distilled cider. Mr. Mann has received letters patent for a case for the shipment of bottled beer and cider, insuring safe transportation from Detroit to any part of the State. These cases are a splendid invention, and well desjrving of the notice of beer bottlers and shippers. They are sold at a moderate figure to all per- sons requiring them. On the left end of the case is a shipping tag, which is pasted or tacked, and covering the head of the screw and securing that end of the cover, at the same time showing if the cose has been opened during transfer. He has always on hand a large stock of beer, and sells bottler's outfits at wholcsule prices. ~ JACOB MANN, ~ lapr Beer Brewer, No8. 2^ &30 Maple Street, im (Corner of Rivard), And from 343 to 351 Rivard Street. i^l^^.aOIT, MICHIGAN. LEWIS MANH5 POTTLED LAOEJ' BEER BEER BOTTLES AND OUTFITS AT WHOLR8ALB AND RETAIL BT us-^rxs :fi^A.iNrN-. Ul Blvart It, DiitnU., Mok. k i lann com.nenced supplying lovers .(1 been furnished 1 Uivard street, ire distilled cider, pment of bottled any part of the ving of the notice figure to all per- >ing tag, which is ecuring that end in opened during and sells bottler's Brewer, iple Street, [VARD), f Rivard Street, :^H1GAN. ND OUTFITS D BBTAIl. Bt nit., Mok. T THE LAKE PORTS 107 JOHN H. WENDALL & CO., Commission Merchants, 54 AND 50 KIVKK STREET. This well-known commission firm commenced business in 1865, at No. 12 Atwater street, afterwards removing to their present flve-story brick build- ing, which is 40x80 feet. This firm encircles one of the largest cor mission interests in the State. Their business during the year 187(1 reached about $4,500,000, which shows well for the transactions and steady increase of their business. They started with a uMKlenUe capital, which has increased steadily from year to year. They receive consignments of flour, grain, pork and seeds, from all pavtn of the United States and Canadas. Thev till orders to all parts of the United States and Canadas, and have filled grain orders the past year for London, Liverpool and Glasgow. These gentlemen have had long and tried experience in the commission business, to which they have devoted their entire time. They are well and favorably known throughout the entire coimtry, and occupy a large space at the head of the commission houses of the West. They are keen thmkers, nhrewd in all their dealings, for the same reason they enjoy immeasurable popularity throughout the country. THE GREAT WABASH RAILWAY. The railroad systems of the United States are perfect marvels of complete- ness, taken as a whole, and in some few instances, individually. Among the latter may be classed the Great Wabash, which is one of the most important entering the city of Detroit, through its connections with the Canada Southern and Michigan Southern Roads. One of the most important trunk roads in the country, it owns and controls over one thousand miles of railroad, and its T'eight and passenger trafllc is something enormous on account of its sure connections with other main lines. As a medium of public locomotion it has become a gen- eral favorite, both with travelers and shippers. Safety both to life and property being eisured by the care and watchfulness with v;hich it is mann«g*>d m its several departments. It now contrKls and operates the following lines: Toledo to St. Louib, four hundred and thirty-four miles ; Toledo to Hannibal, four hundred and sixty-four miles ; Toledo toQuincy, four hundred and seventv-four miles ; Toledo to Keokuk, four hundred and nim.-ty miles ; Toledo to t'eoria four hundred miles ; and Toledo to Bloomingtou, three hundred and twenty- two miles. Any new departure by competing roads is speedily followed up by similar Improvements on this road, and the last train, which has for the past few weeks been running from Kansas City, Atchison and St. Joseph to Toledo, a distance of seven hundred miles in twenty-four hours, without change of either passenger or baggage, is highly appreciable by a large proportion of the traveling public. Its general offices are at ''oledo, mjd under its new lUanage- ment if 'promises to be a source of considerable pn>2it to the shareholders. Mr. A. L ! 'jpkins, a gentleman of a large railri>ad experience, and well known Uirougiiout the country as a successful and popular man In all mn,tters connected with railroad management, lias lately taken the general manaf^ment, and it is confidently expected that under his government the line will i.ot only maintiUn its already enviable popularity, but wlvance to the front ranks cmong the great tlirough lines of the continent. Mr. H. Townsend ir the g( i-ai passenger and ticket og^nt, and is a gentleman in everv sense of the wort, being honorable and upi^t in his dealings, courteous and affable to ail wi^h whom bis business brings him in contact. In point of eiBciency foi- bis oneious office, his large experience and intimate acquaintance with every detail of liis department, renders him well qualifled to fill the position. During ids administration of the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw road, which now forms a branch of the Great Wa- bash, he worked Rnceasingly to bring the passenger basiueas up to a creditable standard, and it may confidently oe presumed that the same energy will be dis- played in the intesests of tills popular route, and wiUi like satisfactory results. io8 THE LAKE PORTS. THE MICHIGAI^ STOVE COMPANY. The Impetus given to miinufiicturerH in Michigan by the development of itH mineral wealtli, is in no Western citv better demonstrated than in Detroit, and by no industry better than that which forms the subject of this article. The magnificent show rooms, foundries, moulding shops, etc., of this com- pany, occupy a commanding situation on Jefferson avenue, and run back almost to the Detroit river, covering an area of about 10,0()0 square feet. Upon entering the river from JeflFerson avenue, the visitor is introduced to the show room, an apartment 120 feet long by 50 feet wide, in whicth are ar- ran'^cil the various stoves and ranges manufactured by the C?ompany. Among the most prominent of these arc the "Centennial," "Iron, Age," "Forest Light," and "Garland," the last named being by far superior to anything of the kind now before the public. From the show room we pass to the offices, rcsplendant w^ith plate glass and hiiudsomely carved walnut furniture. Next comes the moulding floor, 227 by 90, added to which is » supplementary building, 70 by 90 feet, then the mounting and finishing root i, where one's voice is completely lost amid the whir of numberless emery wheels ; thence to thu fitting rooms, and finally to the polishing department, where a numb' i- of men and bovs are constantly employed prerrtring the different styles of trimmings ready for receiving the nickel plating — in the fine finish !\:u\ execution of which this Company excels all others. Before closing this brief sketch of so worthy an enterprise, tve would like to add a few remarks respecting the new base burner just completed by this Company. We refer to the " Uarland," a production of artistic beauty, skill, and mechanical finish, which any similar establishment will find it diffi- cult to surpass. In perfecting '.],u designs and patterns for this stove, thy Company has spared neither tiriie, trouble nor expense, and the result ha.rtby of Detroit's institutions. No me knows better tnan the ladies themselvu.-f what is contained in the magnifi- cently appointed rooms of the Temple of Fashions. The manufacture of ladies' garments has become, by reason of arbitrary fashion, which compels its votaries to submit to numberless extravagant though beautiful modes of attire, a fine art. 8uch skill is required in designing and trimming, that many years' experience are absolutely necessary before the dress-maker cuu Ill li-»T|-Tn1l'"irilirT- an 'i i fti'g ^f- THR LAKE PORTS. 109 levelopmout of linn in Detroit, of this article. ., of this com- und run back IH) square feet. « introduced to n whi(!h are ar- the Company. ' "Iron, Age," far superior to vith plate glass moulding floor, y 90 feet, then letely lost amid ing rooms, and sn and boys are niugs ready for n of which this )nse, ve would ist completed by ■ artistic beauty, will And it dsffl- r this stove, th«J »d the result has id " has but few Company had in a fully realized, 38 that challenge pany was erected of so extensive a ity-ftve thousand liree hundred and 8 invested. The s circles through- lealing all classes as for many years jts of this city, is iRBOUR, secretary THONY, salesman, he articles manu- that at no distant recently conferred shadowing of still (HIONS. titutions. Nc me d in the magnifl- ae manufacture of ,n, which compels (eautifnl modes of ad trimming, that e dress-maker onu hope for success. W. Mehiiitt and his wife have had the necessary i'.xperi- ence, and the result is that the style and beauty of the productions of the Templi! of Fashions an; perfection itself, und not to be surpassed even by the world-renowned Wortli. The establishment is situated at Nos. 48, 50 and 52 Farrnr street, opposite the Now Library Ruilding, and a more desirable loca- tion would be impossible to find, in close proximity to Woodward avenue ((me of the prinwipiil thoroughfares of the citv), and yet avoldiug all the noise and bu8tl(! of that busy street, while the Library Building with its pretty sur- rounding grass plot, immediatelyopposite, materially enhance the retirement and quiet of the situation. The "Temple" was opened in May, 187(1, and notwithstanding its recent birth is in an extremely flourishing condition. It was impossibie for such an institution to exist in Detroit without speedily being cliscovered by the ladies ; so Mr. iind Mrs. Merritt found, their business increasing so rapiilly as Ui necessitate the engagement of about twcnty-flve employes. His rooms are elegantly furnished, and a choice display of the latest patterns and French styles are (instantly on exhibition. Mr. Slerritt is also a clever designer and trimmer, and ladies depending upon his skill and judgment always have reason to congratulate themselves upon so doing. W. MERR ITT'S isrK^\^ TBJMPLE OF F^eHioisrs Corner of Gratiot Avenub and Farrab Street, (Nob. 48, 80 and 52, opi)OHite the New Libraiy Building.) DETROIT, MICH. {Sg^ N B.— Ladies' Robes, Suits and Wraps, eleeant and stylisli, made or fumistied to onler. Also, the latest imported French Fashions for sale. Onlers executed promptly. FORD, CHENEY & CO. TLis firm has the reputation of being the first millinery house in Detroit. Upon ir.specting their magnificent stock, embracing as it does, a large and com- prehensive assortment of all appertaining to this important business, one soon becomes a convert to the belief that no store in the city possesses as many attractions for the fair sex as the one in question, and to judge from the constant throng of visitors to the establishment, it is correspondingly well patronized. The firm import largely, and make it a point to keep on hand the latest styles in bonnets, hats, etc., for ladies wear. One of the reasons for the unwonted success of this firm is the fact that nothing, however trival, can be asked for in connection with the millinery business which they have not on htod. Their assortment of Ostrich tips, fancy feathers, French flowers, and all the new shades of silks and ribbons is a very fine one and deserving of a special notice. To conclude, ladies about purchasing anything in the millinery line, cannot do better than pay a v'sit to the reliable establishment of Messrs. FoKD, OhBNEy & Co., at 172 Woodward avenue. DETROIT & MILWAUKEE R. R. The above road extends from Detroit to Grand Haven, a distance of one hundred and eighty-nine miles, connecting by steamboats with Milwaukee. It connects with the Flint & Pere Marquette, at Holly ; the Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw, at Owasso; the Detroit, Lansing & Lake Micliigan, at Ionia; the Grand Rapids, Newago & Lake Shore and the Grand Rapids & Indiana, at Grand Rapids; the Chicago & Michigan Lake Shore, at Nunica; and the Michigan Lake Shore, at Ferr. sburg. The Detroit & Milwaukee Railroad has gained the good will of the traveling public as well as business men, from the promptness and care exercised in the transmission of freight, the consideration with which passengers are treated, the gentlemanly deport ment of its ofllcers and its extremely U)W rates of freight and travel. Mr. Alfred White is the general freight agent, and these departments, under his skillful rule, are becom- ing deservedly popular. w/ WOHNLICH & ZABRISKIE. This Arm Htartod in buHinc8s in 1871, with a Hmull capital, employing nt the preHcut time five flrst-cl«HH workm(!n, nnd have nil modern fncilitieH for cutting all kinds of HtcncilH, platen, and making wax Healn, Hteel HtampR, linen platcH and brantling irons, nnd key tags, brusue.s, marking fluid, and ker Foundrymen, etc. Steel Tapes, Chains, Drafting Instruments, Etc, Also Repairitig and Adjusting. Lathes for $0.00 and Upward. ilcvolt %xtms to V $ 1 . 2 5 AND UPWARD, For MECir.iNios, .Iewei,ekb, Dentists & Amateukb. Turning Tools, Slide Rests, Taps and Dies, Chucks, Machine Screws, Calipers, Hand Vises and Hand Drilling Machines. AUo Scroll Sawing Materials, Patterns, Woods, Etc. Dealers in Morse's Twist DRiiii.s, Stekx, Scales, Squares, and other Tools of Darling, Brown & Sharp's make. P.S. — Stubs' English Tools and Wire, and Model Makers' Supplies. Architects' and Surveyors' Goods. Circulars sent free. WOHNLlCil & ZABRISKIE, 60 Woodward Ave. Detroit, Mich. -^.i ilnying nt the fiicilities for Htiimpn, linun d, and ke'3pH '. S. atanilHrd eyinR intitru- \vS hud long tc, al8, RUBBER PERS, and Stamps, !arda, SB- ments, Etc. pward. RD, [ewelers, ATEUnS. Paps and ;)alipers, hines. Woods, Etc. RE8, and other glish Tools and veyors' Goods, '^oodward Ave. .:■,,.„... ...-...^^.n-lK-^^:.-,?.. ■ THE LAKE PORTS. Ill MUMFORD, FOSTER & CO., Leather and Findings. This is a large and pieusunt appearing cstabliuhment, occupying a four story building, 80 feet frort l>y 120 feet in depth, is situated at Itf Orutoit avenue. The members of the Hrm are B. P. Mumford, E. D. Foster and DouoLAB Payne. This house was established in 18U3, on Monroe avenue, which they moved to in 1876. These gentlemen are perfectly skilled in their business; all energetic, industrious, powerful in plan, and good to execute. They employ twenty-flve hands, and two foremen, at their factory, 401 At- water street, where they manufecture lasts, boot trees, crimps, ancf have an extensive trade throughout the United States. They keen a superior quality of goods in their line, which gives any wholesale and retail house an enviable reputation, and furnishes customers every imaginable opportunity for selec- tion. Annual sales amount to $150,000. A. DONDERO, Willow Ware, dio.. Located at 57 Monroe avenue, is engaged in the manufacture and importa- tion of willow ware on a very extensive scale. His wholesale and retail trade is quite large, and his work is of a very superior character. Per- sons desiring anything in his line may rely on being suited both as to price and quality of goods. r°=i} A.. X>ONDJ!3RO, Manufacturer and Wholesale and Itetail Dealer and Importer in Willow Ware, Sofas, Chairs, Work Stands, Baskets, Flower Stands and all Idnds of Fancy Willow Ornaments. Repairing Neatly Ezecuted. 57 Monroe Ave., Detroit, Mich. I(kw kud dolledtion Offide^ Established in Michigan, 1859. WM. S. EDWARDS, 6, 6, 7 & 8 Lewrla Block, Detroit, Nearly opposite Post OflBce. EASTERN DISTRICT U. 8. COURT. EDWARDS & DOR AN, Pierce Block, - Grand Baplds, WESTERN DISTRICT. Bankrupt Cases, Unsettled E^states, Copartnership Accounts, and Ceneral Mer- cantil e Collections attended to. R. O. RUDr) & SON, PROPRIETORS OF VALLEY MILLS. Orion, Oakland Co., nicli. Dealers in Flour, Mill Feed, Com, Oats, Plaster, Etc. Also manufac- turers and dealers in superior brands of White Wheat Flour. 51 MICHIGAN AVENUE. GEO. D. MACKIMMIE, DEALER IN DRUGS, MEDICINES, PERFUMES & FANCY ARTICLE Corner First Street and Jefferson Avenue, , UBTROrr, MICH. Physicians' Prescriptions a specialty. Joseph. Schneider, ST9 Grand Blver Avenue, • • DETROIT, KIIOH., Wholesale and Retail Dealer in PINE LUMBER, SHINGLES, LATH, PICKETS, ETC. Cor. Fourth St. and Oraud Ave., Dktboit, Mich. ^..^..i.V.^....,.^^.!,,^,,..^ MICHIGAN IN 1877. is- ^^»»-j wt- THE SJ ATE CAIMIOI., LANSING. HISTORICAL REVIEW. [jflCHIGAN poBsesses an area of 5(t,4.')l square miles, Uavinx more than ' New York, Massachuselts aiid Ithodo Island combined. It is divided . into t .vo peninsulas. The lower, being mucli the oldest settled and most populous, has an area 38,871 square miles. It is completely Burrouuded <;Q three sides by the waters of tlie northwestern lalces, which (mvelope it with a WM-m, moist atmosphere, favorable alilie to iiealth and agri- culture. The variety of its soil admits of the successful cultivation of all the cereals (the Michigar. white wheat, especially, being world renowned), the root and fruit crops, sorghum and tobacco. This portion is plentifully Intervened with navigable rivers and useful water courses, which run far into the interior, amidst forests of pine, oak, black walnut and other timber. The Upper Peninsula adioins Wisconsin on the west, but is otherwise sur- rounded by water, and separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Machinaw. It has an area of 2a,580 miles, which is entirely different in its conformation from the Lower I' ninsula, being rugged, rocky and mountain- ous, though interspersed with plain, river and valley. The climate here is equable, and the air pure and bracing, but the winters are of longer duration than in the Lower Peninsula. It abounds in mineral deposits, which have been mined with increasing energy and profit for twenty-five years. Michigan was &:•. KT immm- - ving more than 1. It '}% divided ili'Bt settled and t is completely n lakes, which health and agri- ation of all the wned), the root fully intervened nto the interior, I otherwise sur- by the Siralts of different m its ' and mountain- climate here is longer duration which have been . Michigan was THK LAKK FORTS. "3 admitted Into the Union an a State In 1887. The inereane of itH |M>piilatlnn (without noting the Indian element, has been as follows: 1800 581 I 1810 4,703 1830 8,8I)« 18.10 81,«a» 1840 312,307 1850 ; n07,fl54 1854 507,531 1H«4 803,«61 1870 1,184,287 1874 i,a84,o;u STATE OOVEKNMENr. 8AI.AKIB8. Oovernor Charles M. Croswell, Adrian fl.OOO Lieutciunt Governor Alon/.o S«hhIoiih. Ionia fiperititm* 8«Tretttry of Htate K. O. I). liolden, (Irand Uapids i|^ 800 State Treasurer..: W. B. McCrcerv, Flint 1,000 Anditor General Ralph Ely. Ahim 1.000 CommisMi(mer of the Lai d Ottlec. B. F. Partridge, Buy City 800 Attorney General O. Kirchncr, Detroit 800 Sup'nt of Public Instruction H. 8. Tarbell, Eiirit Siiginaw 1,000 CITY OP LANSING THE C \ L. The capital of the Slite of Michigan.a flourishhiL ..f about 8,000 inhabit- ants, is situated in the northwest corner of Ingiimn county, near tlu^ longitudinal center of the lower peninsula of the Htate. Kailroatls radiate from the ciity in leven different dinictions. Southeast, the D. L. & N. R. K. connects It with Detroit, 85 miles distant; south, the Saginaw division of the M. C. K. U. con- nects it with Jackson, H7 miles, and t\w L. S. A M. 8. Ry . with Albion and Jonesviile, «7 and 59 miles distant, respectively ; southwest, the C. & Fj II. R. connects it with Battle Crei-k, 45 miles; northwest, the D. L. «& N. R. R. con- nects it with Ionia, 38 miles, and northeast the Saginaw division of tlie M. O. R. R. with Saginaw and Bay City, «4 and 79, and the C. & N. E. R. R. with Flint and Port Huron, 50 and 11« miles distant, respectively. In 1848 the first meeting of the legislature was held here, the site having within a vear been cleared, the state house built, and suffleient accommodations provided for board- ing the members. Lansing was incorporated as a city in 1859, but it wiis not till 1863 that it was accessible by rail. It has since grown rapidly, anu bids fair to become a place of considerable commercial importance, aside ft om its prestige as being the seat of government. THE HTATE BUILDINGS. The legislatuie of 1871 voted an appropriation of f 1,200,000 for the (irection of a new State capLtol, and tins structure is now (1877) in an advancec state of progress: it is wholly of stone, briek and iron, and as nearly Are proof as possi- ble. If is in the palladian style of architecture, and is 345 feet in length, 191 in width, and 205 feet in height to tlu* toj) of the lantern. A rotunda and dome occupy the center of the building. The basement will be used for the State armory and for storage purposes. The first floor will be fitted up for the various State ofl[lces ; the second and third stories will be thrown together in part for the hall of representatives, senate chamber, executive apartments and State library, part of the thh^l story being ust J for the Supreme Court room. It is to be really for occupany in 1878. The State Library contains over 30,0*10 volumes, and is in a flourishing con- dition. The State Reform School is located on a farm of 224 acres, just north- east of the city, it has at present (1877), 366 inmates. The State Agricultural College is located three miles east of Lansing. It had an endowment from Congress of 240,000 acres of land, tlae greater portion of which remains un- sold. The number of students for 1877 is 104. ♦While presiding over the Senate only. •I 3 114 THE LAKE PORTS. •^\ OTHER INSTITUTIONS. liOnBlnK boBHtH of inchiirchcN of tint vnriouM dcnonilnatlonii romnion in thin HlaU>. It liOH llkrty licinK alMtiit ifilOO,- 000, Valuubie mineral waten* are found here. Amon^ the hotelH Ih the I^anH' ing Iloiims a lar^e and llrBt-olaM hotel in every reHpect. The newHpanerH are the Kepnhlienn, publiHhewe8t. BUSINESS INTEUESTS. The Grand river, upon which the cxy Ih situated, Ih Humteptlble of conRlderablo improvement lut a water power. Tliu manufacturing intereotH Include three wiM)i and blind factorieg an extensive chair fa<>n('d for busi- ness in 1864, having uoug.,t out the interest of the First National Bank, with a capital of (50,000, and '>y its Htvi.?'. lont time enjoys the patronage and support of a large number 01 ' tize;.- nad business men. A genera! banking busi- ness is transacted, >dr";-:- issued to all points, and prompt attention given to collerMous. The o'V . « of the bank are Ephraim Longyear, President ; .Tames H. Turner, Vice-I ' ' nt, and Denison Longyear, Cashier, who together with C. H. Longyear, ai.u J M. Longyear, constitute the present Board of Directors. Parties fr ^m abroad wishing collections mode, or any other business of a financial cV Tacter transacted may entrust it to the St^cond National in the full assurance that the institution is as solid as the rock of ages, and fully able to withstand any commercial storm that may arise. H. INGERSOLL. To the above named gentleman belongs the enviable distinction of havim; the finest and largest dry goods and millinery bouse in the city of Lansing. It occupies two floors of two tine stores, having a frontage of forty-four feet by a depth of one hundred, at 121 and Vi'i Washington avenue. From the days when our Mother Eve's transgression rendered clothing a necessity, to the pres- ent, a complete revolution, or rather a succession of revolutions, have taken place in regard to attire and personal adornment, and th(! manufacture of cloth- ing (at least so far as the fair sex is concerned) has become (|uite a fine art. To meet the wants of the present generation all the dressmaker's and milliner's skill is called into reuuisitiou, to keep pace with the ever changing and fickle fashion. Such establishments, tlierefx)re, as that kept by Mr. H. Inokksoli. become quite indispensable. His stock of dry goods is large and carefully rommon in UiIm IV W lllilh HCIUM)! OJil Fi^llowH of tyliiiH niul homu iiiK ulHMit f 100,- ttclH ii* tlH> Lan«- lU'WHpaticnt art) lly ctUtcU papent •kly. Tlic Htato IcnHive. and com- \v. of considerable tH incliid*' time Ing factory, two wtorlt'B, a largo Hccond, capital hani«8 'Hipro are bus Bcveral fine :eit and is lighted ted in 1875) croB» including tbu aid Iflc and WeHtem m, postmaster. tban the Second \ sufficient capital openiKl for busi- )nHl Banl(,witha I won for itself a nage and support >ral banliing busl- ittention given to President; James trlio togotlier with oard of Directars. ler business of a itional in the full and fully able to Inction of having f of Lansing. It nrty-four feet by . From the days essity, to the pres- tions, have taken lufacture of cloth- iite a fine art. To er's and milliner's Hanging and fickle ^r. H. Ingkrboll rge and carefully I IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 U&M2A mzs :£^ ii£ 12.0 111 Photographic Sciences Corporalion 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WnSTIt,N.Y. UStO (716)172-4503 R' 4^ \ UWriMiii 4^ I R' CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian institute for Historicai IMicroraproductions / institut Canadian da microraproductiona historiquaa ;V "*(s- i^* s4 •v'~'& jitih'f, :s*M>.. N<>HTf good farm lands, ands, as an invest- ad best speculations nuBual advantages; onable crops, as has urchased at a very 1 the happy farmer e ;he North British id prove«l beyond iseasod stocli. A Ic 8ul)staneeH, its I of such roots, snts have proved es away with all wders, bran mash y eagerly relished, itraw, corn stalks mixed with it, or ilic, wind, worms, The above men- d, as hundreds of sn known to regu- f be considered to onsidered that all i wholsome diet, a nditions of health d to secure these mal. To sum up, Rr of this hap had » well as in other H it has met with and cattle should on's Food Agency, ntion. ^mft ^l III i„,n,| f, .i« i'i in i , W*-*-^*!-.^*^!* fs. mPIiBBIBHTSt THE LAKE PORTS. 119 E. BEMENT & SONS, Agricultural Works The reputation of the Bement plow, throughout Michigan, has made it necessary for Messrs. Bbmknt & Sons to enlarge their concern, and manu- facture other agricultural implements. Their foundry and shops arc in complete order and are now prepared to furnish all kinds of machinery used by fanners. A visit to their establishment will satisfy any one that they need not look further, as their concern is the largest in this section of the state, and as business men the Messrs. Bement are well known as prompt, popular and obliging. See page 118. MESSRS. G. W. WOOD & CO., Artists, Whoso card appears below, are affable and courteous gentlemen, and well fitted to sustain the reputation for superiority in their profession which thev have long enjoyed; and any body wanting anything in their line will do well to call. Q. W. WOOD & CO., PH:OTOGRA.I>HIO A.RTI8T8, Comer of Washington and Ml(iblgan Avenues, Lansing, Mich. Satiataction in every way guaranteed. Ohildren'a Photos, Copies, and Travelen' Samples a Specialty. KXJSSELL HOU8,E, • ai«I»23 0I.«P, Oommanding tbe T.««iii«g Pablio Stpvare, 6|iiMalte Cl^ Hall and Opera Houses. Thorouc^area of the City. FiNB PaSSENOBB ElETATOB and all MoDBBN IXPaOVBMENTS. WITBECK, CHITTENDEN & CO., Proprietors. LANSING^OUSE, One of the Largest and Best Hotels in the State. M. HUDSON, Propbietoe. - - LANSING, MICH. 120 INK I.AKK PORTS. MICIIKJAX KNTKHFIMSK IN NEW YOIUv GOODSELL BROS., Founders of the Daily Graphic. Tl.rs.. H|«.,iincnH ..f n,,. wsKm Y.mkc.. wor.^ l...in in I'ontiac, Midii-an "^ii •"" Th ^ Z; ^'i'" "\ '.'"'I'-''' !"""'«»'"""''•• ""itH of ti... „.„„,.;..,.- Y,S. 1 .•; "" "."'^ ii'lKcHl)!.- -Vunk... syinploi.i wus h frtMiiicntly cximss,,! .■H m- t.. p. w,.s , ami as H....n us pannlal authority was ,lis,.,.H,..l of vr (i , tl .n w,.,ul.njr tl...... way ty (.'l.uafr,, t„ c.n.pK.. f..r tl... II, kl.. Hinllc of fort.. Tl.r. Hoon ol.fan....l siluations as local ...iitors on tl... l<.a.lin« paprrsof tl. ", ity l.i.t tl.r.r aspii-at.ons wr.v „pwa..l ami onwanl, .«..li.atio„ l,y tl,.. ins„ran<.e f,at..r: W- V' ,**'<'■''•'*« ••'>."'" '"glx'i- aspi,ati..ns am] lon-in^rs r„r a m.,r.. ..xt<.i„|..(l .l..