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p. ( 
 
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Canabian ffi^olkgiatc €hmc6. 
 
 !p. ovidii nasonis 
 fastorum 
 
 LIBER PEIMUS. 
 
 WITH ENGLISH NOTES, 
 
 BY 
 
 F. A. PALEY, M.A, 
 
 AND others; 
 
 AND A 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 NiW EDITION, REVISED. 
 
 TORONTO : 
 
 WILLING & WILLIAMSON. 
 1883. 
 
PRINTED AND STEREOTYPED 
 
 8V THE GLOBE PRINTING OX* 
 TORONTO, ONT. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Entered nocordingr to Act of Parliament of Canada in the year 
 one thou8>>>nd eight hundred and seventy-nine, by 
 
 WILLING & WILLIAMSON, 
 
 In the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. 
 
 Int 
 Lib 
 
 Voc 
 
 Kt 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Introduction ^ ^ 
 
 LiBEB I 
 
 ^''-'•'•''•O ••• ••• ••• ••• »*« «0a «a» 900 
 
 VOCABULABT 
 
 PAGE. 
 V, 
 
 • •• ••• ••• •*• ••• M« ••• ••• 
 
 ••• ••• ••• 
 
 ••• ••• uVf 
 
 W 
 
 i 
 
1 
 
 I- 
 
 C 
 
 I 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 
MliilP 
 
 T 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 4 
 
 H 
 
 #1 
 
 Pnbllus Ovidius Naso was bom at Siilmo, in the 
 oountiy of the Peligni, in central Italy, on the 20th of 
 March, B.C. 43, the year in which the consuls, lliitius 
 and Pansa were slain at the siege of Mutina (now Modena). 
 He studied rhetoric under Arellius Fuscus and Porcius 
 Latro, with the object of becoming a pleader ; but the 
 death of his elder brother Lucius rendered a division of 
 the family inheritance unnecessary, and Ovid was per- 
 mitted to indulge his taste for poetry. To complete his 
 education he repaired to Athens, where he acquired a 
 thorough knowledge of Greek. Subsequently he travelled 
 in Asia Minor with his friend, the poet Macer. After his 
 return to Rome he was appointed one of the Triumviri 
 Capitales, and then a member of the Court of the Cen- 
 tujinviri. 
 
 He married early, but soon divorced his wife. A second 
 marriage was dissolved in the same way ; but for his third 
 wife he seems to have had a deeper afl'ection. 
 
 His early works were marked with gross licentiousness, 
 and in a. d. 8, he was banished from Kome by Augustus, 
 whose favour he had hitherto enjoyed, the ostensible 
 reason of his banishment being the ill efifect of one of hia 
 works on public morals. The Are Amatoria^ however, 
 had been published ten years before, and it is supposed 
 that there must have been some other motive, which, 
 however, has never come to light, though many guessea 
 have been made. The place of his banishment v/as Tomi, 
 (masc. plur.) or, as he calls it himself, Tomis, (fem. sing.) 
 in Thrace, on the west coast of the Pontas Euxinus. 
 Never did exile support his lot with less resignation ; and 
 his Tristia and Epistolce ex Poato are filled with com- 
 plaints against Tomis, and with the miseries which he 
 endiired away from civilisation and his beloved Home. 
 
VI 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 verges in honour of C«Vr" He'Xied "^^18. '' '"""P"'*'' 
 The chief works of Ovid are •— 
 
 The word /'a«/2 (sc. dies^ Droperlv me^ iq ihn«. a 
 which It is lawful to administer in«Tfn^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^" 
 Ovid uses it to signify thSndar^^^ /^,?^fc««?i?n, 
 of poetical almanac, in whi^h TrP «;f 7 ^•''*^* '\ * ^^^^^ 
 3hief festivals and 'otheTdays^I^^^^^^^^ ''^ ^u'^"''' *^« 
 
 and what was hQ\ievlT\^^I^^}' ^^^^^ ^^ ®^<^^ month, 
 the fir«t Bixl^ot^ttiX'alVa'bXVol^'^J^X^^^ ^"'^ 
 
 J'fETgto'coi':* Z^rir^'-Pr'' - ^^e so- 
 Heroic line (likTthat of ViSl^s J?Sf*7'>,°'' "'f '""^y 
 Dactylic Pentameter, which wa. hardli' /"""^•^'^ '^ * 
 in connexion with the Hexameter Th^e fl?f "'"* >"' 
 .oheme^^he present way Of e^X tl^^Ellfc^l'^t^ 
 
 An older way of scanning the Pentameter was : 
 ^"apSta""' " 'P°°''^^ ■" *•»« ■»''^<"« f-l'^w'ea by uvo 
 
 buTsp^aHn"«1y'lL?^«n^^^^^^^^ 
 
 siste ^J^^^'*y^^« Pentameter, as usually scanned con- 
 
 iiuwea Dy a long syllable ; the second member is 
 
 * 
 
 w 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 VU 
 
 SO- 
 
 (? 
 
 made up of two Dactyls followed by a syllable, whicU. 
 whether long or short, is considered long. 
 
 Ovid, who presents the best models of Elegiac verse 
 usually observes the following, among other rules : ' 
 
 (a) If the sense overflow the limits of the Hexameter, 
 and be completed in the first word of the Pentameter, thei 
 the first foot of this latter should be a Dactyl. 
 
 (b) Elisions should be sparingly employed. 
 
 (c) Each couplet should make sense by itself. 
 
 (d) Th« Pentameter should end in a dissyllable, which 
 should be some emphatic part of speech. 
 
 (e) The last syllable, if short, should end in a consonant. 
 
 (/) If the last syllable of the /r«^ member of the Pen- 
 tameter be a monosyllable (which should rarely happen), 
 another long monosyllable should precede, or a dissyllable 
 of two short syllables. An exception to this is admitted 
 in the case of the monosyllable est, when the precedinir 
 vowel is elided. *^ v'«v»iii^ 
 
 EXAMPLES OP THE SCANNING OF THE ELEGIAC COUPLET. 
 
 {a) Tempora | cum cau- | sis Uti- | um di- I gestS per I 
 anniim ' * *^ • 
 
 Lapsaque | siib ter- | ras || ortaquS | signS cS- | nam. 
 
 (6) Paginft I judlci. | um dSc | ti sttbi- | turS mS- I vetur. 
 Pnnclpis I ut Ciari- | 6 || mlssS IS- | gend& dS- | 6. 
 
 griphy)? *™**^'* Prosody, and Smith's Dictionary of Bio. 
 
 i i 
 
p. OVIDII NASONIS 
 FA.8TORXJM 
 
 LIBER I. 
 
 'i'EMPORA cum caiisis Latiuin digeoia per annum, 
 
 Lapsaque sub terras ortaque signa canam. 
 
 Excipe pacaco, Caesar Germanice, vultu 
 
 Hoc opus, et timidsB dirige navis iter ; 
 
 Officioque, levem non aversatus honorem, 5 
 
 Huic tibi devoto numine dexter ades. 
 
 Sacra recognosces annalibus eruta priscis, 
 
 Et quo sit merito quaeque notata dies. 
 
 Invenies illic et festa domestica vobis ; 
 
 Saepe tibi pater est, saepe legendus avus. 10 
 
 Quaeque ferunt illi pictos siguantia fastos, 
 
 Tu quoque cum Druso praemia fratre feres. 
 
 Cseaaris arma canant alii, nos Cgesaris aras, 
 
 Et quoscumque sacris addidit ille dies. 
 
 Annue conanti per laudes ire tuorum, 15 
 
 Deque meo pavidos excute corde metus. 
 
 Da mihi te placidum, dederis in carmina vires ; 
 
 Ingenium vultu stat^ue cajd itqi^e tuo. 
 
 Pagina judicium docti subitura movetur 
 
 Principis, ut Claiio missa legenda deo. tn 
 
 B 
 
6 
 
 p. OVIDII NAS0NI8 
 
 I 
 
 Quae sit enim culti facundia sensimus om 
 
 Civica pro trepidis cuin tulit anna reis. 
 Scimus et ad nostras cum se tulit impetus artes, 
 
 Ingenii currant flumina quanta tui. 
 Si licet et fas est, vates rege vatis habenas, 25 
 
 Auspicio felix totus ut annus eat. 
 Tempora digereret cum conditor urbis, in anno 
 
 Constituit menses quinque bis esse suo. 
 Scilicet arma magis quam sidera, Romule, noras, 
 
 Cuiaque finitimos vincere major erat. 30 
 
 Est tamejp et ratio, Caasar, quae moverit ilium, 
 
 Erroremque suum quo tueatur habet. 
 Quod satis est utero matris dura prodeat infans, 
 
 Hoc anno statuit temporis esse saas ; 
 Per totir'em menses a funere conjugis uxor 35 
 
 Sustinet in vidua tristia signa domo. 
 Haec igitur vidit trabeati cura Quirini 
 
 Cum rudibus populis annua jura daret. 
 Martis erat primus mensis, V en c risque secundus ; 
 
 Haec generis princeps, ipsius ilie pater. 40 
 
 Tertius a senibus, juvenum de nomine quartus ; 
 
 Quae sequitur numero turba notata fuit. 
 At Numa nee Janum nee avitas praeterit umbras, 
 
 Mensibus antiquis praeposuitqne duos. 
 
 Ne tamen ignores variorum jura dierum, 45 
 
 Non habet officii Lucifer omnis idem, 
 llle IS efastus erit, per quem tria verba silentur ; 
 
 Fastus erit, per quem lege licebit agi. 
 Neu toto perstare die sua jura putaris ; 
 
 mn 
 
 
 1^ 
 I 
 
 L 
 
 I C< 
 
 F] 
 
 I 
 
'^ 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 
 45 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 lASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 Qui jam Fastiis erit, mane Nefastus erat. 
 Nam aimul exta deo data sunt licet omnia fari, 
 
 Verbaque honoratus libera praetor habet. 
 Est quoque quo populum jus est includere septis ; 
 
 Est quoque qui nono semper ab orbe redit. 
 Vindicat Ausonias Junonis cura Kalendas ; ' 
 
 Idibus alba Jovi grandior agna cadit ; 
 Nonarum tutela deo caret. Omnibus istis, 
 
 Ne fallare cave, proximus Ater erit. 
 Omen ab eventu est ; iUis nam Roma diebus 
 
 Damna sub adverso tristia Marfce tulit. 
 
 Haec mihi dicta semel totis haerentia fastis, 
 
 Ne seriem rerum scindere cogar, erunt. 
 
 KAL. \^T, 
 
 Ecce tibi faustum, Germanice, nuntiat annum, 
 
 Inque meo primus carmine Janus adest, 
 Jane biceps, anni tacite labentis origo. 
 Solus de superis qui tua terga vides, 
 Dexter ades ducibus, quorum secura labore 
 
 Otia terra ferax, otia pontus agit. 
 Dexter ades patribusque tuis populoque Quirini, 
 
 Et resera nutu Candida templa tuo. 
 Prospera lux oritur ;|^linguisque animisque favete : 
 
 Nunc dicenda bono sunt bona verba die. 
 Lite vacent aures, insanaque protinus absint 
 
 Jurgia ; differ opus, livida turba, tuum. 
 Cernis odoratis ut luceat ignibua aether, 
 Et sonet accensis spica Cilissa focis ? ' 
 Flamraa nitore suo templorum verberat aurum, 
 Et tremulum summa spargit in aede jubar. 
 
 50 
 
 55 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 
 70 
 
 •7R 
 
 I 
 
Im 
 
 8 
 
 p. OVinil NASONIS 
 
 i 
 
 ) 
 
 \ 
 
 Vestibus intactis Tarpeias itur in arces, 
 
 Et populus festo concolor ipse suo est. ^ 80 
 
 Jainque novi praeeimt fasces, nova purpura fulget, 
 
 Et nova conspicuum pondera sentit ebur. 
 Colla rudes operiim praebent ferienda juvenci, 
 
 Quos aluit cainpis herba Falisca suis. 
 Juppiter, arce sua cum totum spectat in orbem, 83 
 
 Nil nisi Romanum quod tueatur habet. 
 Salve, laeta dies, meliorque revertere semper, 
 
 A populo rerum digna potente coli. 
 
 Quern tarn en esse deum te dicam, Jane biformis ? 
 
 Nam tibi par nullum Graecia numen habet.; 90 
 
 Ede simul causam cur de caelestibus unus 
 
 Sitque quod a tergo sitque quod ante vides. 
 Haec ego cum sumptis agitarem mente tabellis, 
 
 Lucidior visa est, quam f uit ante, domjas. 
 Turn sacer ancipiti mirandus imagine Janus 95 
 
 Bina repens oculis obtulit ora meis. , 
 Extimui, sensique metu riguisse capillps, 
 
 Et gelid um subito frigore pectus erat. 
 Ille, tenens dextra baculum clavemque sinistra, 
 
 Edidit hos nobis ore priore sonos-c 100 
 
 Disce, metu posito, vates operose dierum, . 
 
 Quod petis, et voces percipe mente meas. 
 Me Chaos antiqui, nam sum re^ prisea, vocabant. 
 
 Aspice, quam longi temporis acta canam. 
 
 Ifniis, aquae, tellus, unus acervuB erant. 
 Ut semel haec rerum secessifc liie siiarum, 
 
 Hfn 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
I 
 
 80 
 
 8j 
 
 ^n 
 
 90 
 
 95 
 
 1^"% 
 
 100 
 
 lAK 
 
 1 
 
 FASTOBUM LIB I. 
 
 9 
 
 J' 
 
 Inqiie novas abiit massa soluta domos, "* 
 Altam flamma petit ; propior locus aera cepit ; 
 
 Sederunt medio terra fretumque solo. 110 
 
 Tunc ego, qui f ueram globus et sine imagine moles, 
 
 In faciem redii dignaque membra deo. 
 . Nunc quoque, conl'usae quondam nota parva figurae, 
 
 Ante quod est in me postque videtur idem. 
 Accipe quaesitae quae causa sit altera formae,/ 115 
 
 Hanc simul ut noris officiumque meum. 
 Quidquid ubique vides, caelum, mare, nubUa, terras, 
 
 Omnia sunt nostra clausa paten tque manu. 
 Me penes est unum vasti custodia mundi, 
 
 Et jus vertendi cardinis omne meum est. 120 
 
 Cum libuit Pacem placidis emittere tectis, 
 
 Libera perpetuas ambulat ilia vias. 
 Sanguine letifero totus miscebitur orbis, 
 
 Ni teneant rigidae condita bella serae. 
 Praesideo foribus caeli cum mitibus Horis ; 125 
 
 It, redit officio Juppiter ipse meo. 
 Inde vocor Janus : cui cum Cereale sacerdos 
 
 Imponit libum ferraque mixta sale, 
 Nomina ridebis : modo namque Patulcius idem, 
 
 Et modo sacrifico Clusius ore vocor. 130 
 
 Scilicet altemo voluit rudis ilia vetustaa 
 
 Nomine diversus significare vices. 
 Vis mea narrata est : causam nunc disce figurae ; 
 Jam tamen hanc aliqua tu quoque parte vides. 
 Omnia habets^eininas ]vi}(*- a^-^'HA^inn iaima fwmi-txa iqr 
 
 B quibus haec populum spectat, at ilia Larem. 
 ViqvLii sedena vesfcer prima prope limina tecti 
 
 
 I 
 
10 
 
 p. OVIDII NAS0NI8 
 
 ■t 
 
 Janitor egressus introitusque videt ; 
 Sic ego prospicio, caelestis janitor auiae, 
 
 Eoas partes Hesperiasque simul. 140 
 
 Ora vides Hecates in tres vergentia partes, 
 
 Servet ut in ternas compita secta vias ; 
 Et mihi, ne flexu cervicis tempora perdam, 
 
 Cemere non moto corpore bina licet 
 Dixerat, et vultu, si plura requirere vellem, 145 
 
 Difficilem mihi se non fore fassus erat. 
 Sumpsi animum, gratesqne deo non territus egi, 
 
 Verbaque sum specfcans pauca locutns humum : ' 
 Die, age, frigoribus quare novus incipit annus, 
 
 Qui melius per ver incipiendus erat ? 150 
 
 Omnia tunc florent, tunc est nova temporis aetas, 
 
 Et nova de gravido palmite gemma tumet, ) 
 Et modo formatis operitur frondibus arbos, 
 
 Prodit et in summum seminis herba solum, 
 Et tepidum volucres concentibus aera mulcent, 155 
 
 Ludit et in pratis luxuriatque pecus. 
 Tum blandi ^^oles, ignotaque prodit hirundo, 
 
 Et luteum celsa sub trabe figit opus ; 
 Tum patitur cultus ager et renovatur aratro ; 
 
 Haec anni novitas jure vocanda fuit. 160 . 
 
 Quaesieram multis : non multis ille mora,tus 
 
 Contulit in versus sic sua verba duos : ^ 
 Briiraa novi prima est veterisque novissima solis ; 
 
 Principium capiunt Phoebus et annus idem. 
 f Post ea mirabar, cur non sine litibus esset 165 
 
 , Prima dies./ Causam percii)e, Janus ait. 
 ffempora commisi nasceiitia rebus agendis, 
 
 
 i 
 
■t 
 
 FASTORUM LIB I. 
 
 11 
 
 140 
 
 145 
 
 dn 
 
 L50 
 
 L55 
 
 Wi. 
 
 160 
 
 LC5 
 
 i 
 
 Totus ab auspicio ne foret annus iners. 
 Quisque suas artes ob idem delibav agendo, 
 
 Nee plus quam soli turn testiticatur opus.^ 170 
 
 Mox ego : Cur, quamvis aliorum numina placem, 
 
 Jane, tibi primum tura merumque fero ? 
 Ut possis aditum per me, qui limina servo, 
 
 Ad quoscumque voles, inquit, habere deos. 
 At cur laeta tuis dicuntur verba Kalendis, 175 
 
 Et damus alternas accipimusque preces? 
 Turn deus incumbens baculo, quern dextra gerebat, 
 £ Ommalprincipiis,- inquit, in^s8e sol^bnt. 
 Ad primkm vocem tiniidas advertitisjaures, 
 
 Et visam primum consulit augur avem. 180 
 
 Templa patent auresque deum, nee lingua caducas 
 
 Concipit uUa preces, dictaque pondus habent. 
 Desierat Janus ; nee longa silentia feci, 
 
 Sed tetigi verbis ultima verba meis : 
 Quid vult palma sibi rugosaque carica, dixi, 185 
 
 Et data sub niveo Candida mella cado ? 
 Omen, ait, causa est, ut res sapor ille sequatur, 
 I Et peragat coeptum dulcis ut annus iter./ 
 Dalcia cur dentur video ; stipis ad j ice causam, 
 
 Pars mihi de festo ne labet uUa tuo. 190 
 
 Risit, et, O quam te fallunt tua saecula, dixit, 
 
 Qui stipe mel sumpta dulcius esse putes ! 
 Vix ego Saturno quemquam regnante videbam, 
 
 Oijus non animo dulcia lucra forent. 
 Tempore ere vit amor, qui nunc est summus, habendi;195 
 
 Vix ultra quo jam progrediatur habet. 
 Pluris opes nunc sunt quam prisci teniporis annis> 
 
12 
 
 y 
 
 p. OVID II NASON S 
 
 Dum populng pauper, dum nova Roma fuit, 
 i>um casaMartigenam capiebat parva Quirinum, 
 
 Et dabat exiguum fluminis iilva torum. 200 
 
 Juppiter angusta vix totus stabat in aede, 
 
 Inque Jovis dextra fictile fiilmen erat. 
 Frondibus ornabant, quae nunc Capitolia gemmis. 
 
 Pciscebatque suas ipse senator oves ; 
 N^ pudor in stipula placidam cepisse quietem,' 205 
 ' Et foenum capiti supposuisse fuit. ^ 
 
 Jura dabat populis posito modo praetor aratro, 
 
 Et levia argenti lamina crimen erat. 
 At postquam fortuna loci caput extulit hujus, 
 
 Et tetigit summos vertice Roma deos ; 210 
 
 Creverunt et opes et opum furiosa cupido, 
 Et cum possideant piurima plura petunt. 
 Quaerere ut absumant, absumpta requirere certant • 
 
 Atque ipsae vitiis sunt alimenta vices. 
 Sic, quibus intumuit suffusa venter ab unda, 215 
 
 Quo plus sunt potae, plus sitiuntur aquae, 
 In pretio pretium nunc est ; dat census honores, 
 
 Census amicitias ; pauper ubique jacet. 
 Tu tamen auspicium si sit stipis utile quaeris, 
 
 Curque juvent nostras aera vetusta manus. ' 220 
 Aera dabant olim ; melius nunc omen in auro est, 
 
 Victaque concessit prisca moneta novae. 
 Nos quoque templa juvant, quar . vh antiqua probemus, 
 ^ Aurea;majestasconvenit i«^ deo. 
 Laudamus veteres sed nostr* , i jnur annis ; « 225 
 
 Mos tanriAn Anf. acmiA /iir^ .,,. .j. i. 
 
 Finierat monitus ; placidis ic^ rursiis, ut ante, 
 
 f 
 
 ■0 
 '< 
 
 If ■'':'-M 
 
200 
 
 205 
 
 210 
 
 i'ASTOriUM LIB. I. 
 
 i 
 
 11 
 
 13 
 
 Jf 
 
 * 1 
 
 Clavigerum verbis alloquor ipse deum : 
 Multa quidem didici : sod ci^r navalis i i aere 
 
 AliH? ®^SlBi?' 4i> aU^E?- ^<5rma Triceps ? 230 
 
 Noscere me duplici posses inTmagitie, dixit, 
 
 Ni vetiis ipsa dies extenuaret opus. 
 Causa ratis superest : Tuscum rate venit in amnem 
 
 Ante pererrato falcifer orbe deus. 
 Hac ego Saturnum memini tellure receptum ; 235 
 
 Caelitibus regnis ab Jove pulsus erat. 
 Inde diu genti mansit Saturnia nqmen ; 
 
 Dicta quoque est Lalium terra latente dec. 
 74 1 bona posteritas puppim formavit in aere, 
 
 Hospiti3 adventum testificata dei. 240 
 
 Ipse solum colui, cujus placidissima laevum 
 
 Kadit arenosi Tibridis unda latus. 
 Hie, ubi nunc Roma est, incaedua silva virebat, 
 ( Tantaque res paucis pascua bubus erat. j 
 Arx mea coUis erat, quem cultrix nomine nostro 245 
 
 Nuncupat haec aetas, Janiculumque vocat. 
 Tunc ego regnabam, patiens cum terra deorum 
 
 Esset,^t humanis numina mixta locis. ) 
 Nondum Justitiam facinus mortale fugarat ; 
 
 Ultima de superis ilia reliquit humum. 260 
 
 P^^oqiie metu populum sine vi pudor ipse regebat ; 
 ^NifUus er&t justia reddere jura labor ; / 
 ^tl fsAi Qym bello, pacem postesque tueiar : 
 ^^^vem ostendens, Haec, ait, arma gero. 
 
 — „,.,. ..-.^.--a . feiiiiv _j^y ^g„ iiuatra resoivo, 20i> 
 Voce mea voces elioiente dei : 
 j^Cum tot sint Jani, cur stas sacratus in uno, 
 
 •.r . . >-. 
 
 /■ 
 
14 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS 
 
 T: 
 
 Hie ubi juncta foris templa duobus habes / 
 Illemauu mulcens propexam ad pectora barbam, 
 
 Protinus Oebalii rettulit anna Tati, 260 
 
 XJtque levis custos armillis capta Sabinia 
 
 Ad summae tacitos duxerit arcis iter. 
 Inde, velut nunc est, per quern descenditis, inquit, 
 
 Arduus in valles et for a clivus erat. 
 Et jam contigerant portam, Saturnia cujus 265 
 
 Dempserat oppositas insidiosa seras. 
 Cum tanto veritus committere numine pugnam 
 
 Ipse meae movi callidus artis opus, 
 Oraque, qua pollens ope sum, fontana reclusi, 
 
 Sumque repentinas ejaculatus aquas. 270 
 
 Ante tamen madidis subjeci sulfura venis, 
 
 Clauderet ut Tatio fervidus humor iter. 
 Cujus ut utilitas pulsis percepta Sabinis, 
 
 Quae fuerat tuto reddita forma loco est. 
 Ara mihi posita est parvo conjuncta sacello : 275 
 
 Hitec adolet flammis cum strue farra suis. 
 At cur pace lates, motisque recluderis armis ? 
 
 Nee mora, quaesiti reddita causa mihi est. 
 XJt populo reditus pateant ad bella profecto, 
 
 Tota patet dempta janua nostra sera. 280 
 
 Pace fores obdo, ne qua discedere possit 
 
 Caesareoque diu nomine clausus ero. 
 Dixit, et attollens ociilos diversa tuentes 
 
 Aspexit toto quidquid in orbe fuit. 
 Pax erat, et vestri, Gernianice, causa triumph! 285 
 
 Tradiderat famulas jam tibi Rhenus aquas. 
 Jane, face aeternos pacem pacisque ministros, 
 
 Keve suum, praesta, deserat auctor opns. 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
i 
 
 260 
 
 lit, 
 
 265 
 
 270 
 
 275 
 
 i 
 
 280 
 
 285 
 
 PASTORUM LIB. I.. 15 
 
 Qiiotl tainen ex ipsia licuit mihi discere fastis : 
 Sacravere patres hoc duo templa die. 290 
 
 Accepit Phoebo nyinphaque Coronide natum 
 Insula, dividua quam premit amnis aqua. 
 
 Juppiter in parte est ; cepit locus unus utrumque, 
 J unctaque sunt magno templa nepotis avo. 
 
 Quis vetat et stellas, ut quaeque oriturque caditque,295 
 
 Dicere 1 promissi pars fuit ista mei. 
 Felices animae, quibus haec cognoscere primis 
 
 Inque domos superas scandere cura fuit. 
 Credibile est illos pariter vitiisque focisque 
 
 Altius humanis exseruisse caput. 300 
 
 Non Venus et vinum sublimia pectora f regit, 
 
 Officiumve fori, militiaeve labor. 
 Nee levis ambitio, perfusaque gloria fuco, 
 
 Magnarumve fames sollicitavit opum. 
 Admovere oculis distantia sidera nostris, 305 
 
 Aetheraque ingenio supposuere suo. 
 Sic petitur caelum, non ut ferat Ossan Olympus, 
 
 Summaque Peliacus sidera tangat apex. 
 Nos quoque sub ducibus caelum metabimur illis, 
 
 Ponemusque suos ad vaga signa dies. 310 
 
 III. NON. 3rd. * 
 
 Ergo ubi nox aderit Venturis tertia Nonis, 
 Sparsaque caelesti rore madebit humus, 
 
 Octipedis frustra quaerentur brachia Cancri ; 
 Praeceps occiduas ille subivat aquas. 
 
 NON. 5th. 
 
 lustiteri Nonae : missi tibi nubibus atris 315 
 
 I 
 
I 
 
 16 
 
 P OViDlI NASONIS 
 
 ■^ 
 
 Signa dabunt imbres exoriente Lyra. 
 
 V. ID. 5th. 
 
 Quattuor adde dies ductos ex ordine Nonis, 
 
 Janus Agonal! hice piandus erit. 
 Nominis esse potest succinctus causa minister, 
 
 Hostia caelitibus quo feriente cadit ; 320 
 
 Qui calido strictos tincturus sanguine cultros, 
 
 Semper Agone 1 rogat ; nee nisi jussus agit. 
 Pars, quia non veniant pecudes sed agantur, ab actu 
 
 Nomen Agonalem credit habere diem. 
 Pars putat hoc festum priscis Agnalia dictum. 325 
 
 Una sit ut proprio littera dempta loco. 
 An, quia praevisos in aqua timet hostia cultros, 
 
 A pecoris lux est ista notata metu ? 
 Fas etiam fieri solitir aetate priorum 
 
 Nomina de ludis Graia tulisse diem. 330 
 
 Et pecus antiquus dicebat Agor^ia sermo : 
 
 Veraque judicio est ultima causa meo. 
 Utque ea nunc certa est, ita Rex placare Sacrorua 
 
 Numina lanigerae conjuge debit ovis. 
 Victima quae dextra cecidit victrice vocatur ; 335 
 
 Hostibus a domitis hostia nomen habet. 
 
 Ante, decs homini quod conciliare valeret, 
 
 Far erat et puri lucida mica salis. 
 Nondum pertulerat lacrimatas cortice myrrhas 
 
 Acta per aequoreas hospita navis aquas ; 3iO 
 
 Tura nee Euphrates, nee miserat India costam, 
 
 Nee fueraut rubri cognita lila croci. 
 Ara dabat f umos, herbis contenta Sabinis, 
 
EASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 17 
 
 320 
 
 actu 
 325 
 
 ;■ 
 
 330 
 
 1 
 
 iiir 
 
 335 
 
 ,< 
 
 3iO 
 
 Et non exiguo laurus adusta sono. 
 Si quia erat factis prati de flore coronis 340 
 
 Qui posaot violas addere, dives erat. 
 Hie, qui nuno aperit porcussi viscera tauri, 
 
 In sacris nullum culter habebat opus. 
 Prima Ceres avidae gavisa est sanguine porcae, 
 
 Ulta suas merita caede nocentis opes. 350 
 
 Nam sata vere novo teneris lactentia succis 
 
 Eruta setigerae comperit ore suis. 
 Sus dederat poenas : exemplo territus hujus 
 
 Palmite debueras abstinuisse caper. 
 Quem spectans aliquis dentes in vite prementem 355 
 
 Talia non tacito dicta dolore dedit ; 
 Rode, caper, vitem ; tamen hinc, cum stabis ad aram, 
 
 In tua quod spargi cornua possit erit. 
 Verba fides sequitur ; noxae tibi deditus hostis 
 
 Spargitur affuso cornua, Bacche, mero. 360 
 
 Culpa sui nocuit : nocrit quoque culpa capellae : 
 
 Quid bos, quid placidae commeruistis oves ? 
 Flebat Aristaeus, quod apes cum stirpe necatas 
 
 Viderat inceptos destituisse favos. 
 Caerula quem genitrix aegre solata dolentem 365 
 
 Addidit haec dictis ultima verba suis : 
 Siste, puer, lacrimas : Proteus tua damna levabit, 
 
 Quoque modo repares quae periere dabit. 
 Decipiat ne te versis tamen ille figuris, 
 
 Impediant geminas vincula firma manus. 370 
 
 Pervenit ad vatem juvenis, resolutaque somno 
 
 AUigai aequorei brachia capta senis. 
 lilo sua faciem transformis adulterat arte : 
 
18 
 
 p. OVIDII XASONIS 
 
 •^ 
 
 875 
 
 380 
 
 385 
 
 Mox domitiis vinclis in sua membra reclit, 
 Oraque caerulea tollens rorantia barba, 
 
 Qua, dixit, repares arte requiris apes ? 
 Obrue mactati corpus tellure juvenci ; 
 
 Quod petis a nobis, obrutus ille dabit. 
 Jussa f acit pastor ; fervent examina putri 
 
 De bove ; mille animas una necata 'iedit. 
 Pascit ovem pratum ; verbenas improba carpsit 
 
 Quas pia dis ruris fevve solebat anus. 
 Quid tuti superest, animam cum ponat in aria 
 
 Lanigerumque pecus ruricolaeque boves ? 
 Placat equo Persis radiis Hyperiona cinctum, 
 
 Ne detur celeri victima tarda dec. 
 Quod semel est triplici pro virgine caesa Dianae, 
 
 Nunc quoque pro nulla virgine cerva datur. 
 Exta canum vidi Triviae libare Sapaeos 
 
 Et quicumque tuas accolit, Haeme, nives. 
 Caeditur et rigido custodi ruris asellus : 
 
 Causa pudenda quidem est, sed tamen apta deo. 
 Festa corymbiferi celebrabas Graecia Bacchi, 
 
 Tertia quae solito tempore bruma referfc. 
 Di quoque cultores in idem veneve Lyaei, 395 
 
 Et quicumque joci non alio^.. it, 
 Panes et in venerem Satyrorum prono juventus, 
 
 Quaeque colunt amnes solaque rura deae. 
 Venerat et senior pando Silenus asello, 
 
 Quique nibro pavidas inguine terret aves. 
 B' Icia qui dignum nemus in convivia nacti 
 Graminfi vAsif.ifie onniiKiirtv^ +<-»-' 
 
 Vina dabat Liber ; tulerat sibi quisque coronam ; 
 
 .) * 
 
 390 
 
 t 
 
 400 
 
i 
 
 FA8T0RUM LIB. I. 
 
 1» 
 
 870 
 
 380 
 
 386 
 
 39G 
 
 o. 
 
 395 
 
 400 
 
 Miscendas large rivus agebat aquas. 
 Naiades effuais aliae sine pectinis usn, 405 
 
 Pars aderant positis arte manuqiie comis. 
 nia super suras tunicam collecta ministrat, 
 
 Altera dissuto pectus aperta simi. 
 Exserit haec humorum, vestem trahit ilia per herbas, 
 
 Iiiipediunt teneros vincula nulla pedes. 410 
 
 Hinc aliae Sat^rris incendia mitia praebent ; 
 
 Pars tibi, qui pinu tempora nexa geris ; 
 Te quoque, inextinctae Sileno libidinis, urunt : 
 
 Ncquitia est, quae te non sinit esse senera* 
 At ruber hortorum deus et tutela Priapus 415 
 
 Omnibus ex illis Lotide captus erat. 
 Hanc cupit, banc optat, solam suspirat in illam, 
 
 Signaque dat nutu, soUicitatque notis. 
 Fastus inest pulchris, sequiturque superbia formam ; 
 
 Irrisum vultu despicit ilia suo. 420 
 
 Nox erat, et, vino somnum faciente, jacebant 
 
 Corpora diversis victa sopore locis. 
 Lotis in herbosa sub acernis ultima rami?, 
 
 Sicut erat lusu fessa, quievit humo. 
 Surgit amans, animamque tenens vestigia furtim 425 
 
 Suspense digitis fert taciturna gi-adu. 
 Ut tetigit niveae secreta cubilia nymphae, 
 
 Ipsa sui flatus ne sonet aura cavet. 
 Et jam finitima corpus librabat in herba : 
 
 Ilia tamen multi plena soporis erat. 430 
 
 Gaudet, et a pedibus tracto velamine vota 
 
 Ad sua felici coeperat ire via. 
 Ecce rudens rauco Sileiii vector asellns 
 
20 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS 
 
 Intempestivos edidit ore sonos. 
 Territa consurgit nymphe, manibusque Priapum 435 
 
 Rejicit, et fugiens concitat omne neraus. 
 Morte dedit poeiias auctor clamoris ; et haec est 
 
 Hellespontiaco victima grata deo. 440 
 
 Intactae fiieratis aves, solatia ruris, 
 
 Assuetiim silvis innecuumque genus, 
 Quae facitis nidos, et plumis ova fovetis. 
 
 Et facili dulces editis ore modos. 
 Sed nihil ista juvant, quia linguae crimen habetis, 445 
 
 Dique putant mentes vos aperire suas. 
 Nee tamen hoc falsum : nam, dis ut proxima quaeque, 
 
 JS'inc penna veras, nunc datis ore notas. 
 Tuta diu volucrum proles turn denique caesa est. 
 
 Juveruntque deos indicis exta sui. 450 
 
 Ergo saepe, suo conjunx abducta marito, 
 
 Uritur Idaliis alba columba focis. 
 Nee defensa juvant Capitolia, quo minus anser 
 
 Det jecur in lances, Inachi lauta, tuas. 
 Nocte deae noctis cristatus caeditur ales, 455 
 
 Quod tepidum vigili provocat ore diem. 
 
 Interea Delphin clarum super aequora sidus 
 
 ToUitur, et patriis exserit ora vadis, 
 
 IV. ID. lo^H^ 
 
 Postera lux hiemem medio discrimine signat, 
 
 Aequaque praeteritae quae superabit erit. 460 
 
 - ■A 
 
 Cn' 
 
 I 
 
 III. ID. 
 
 **-.-^^-:l,« iiiwopivict xitnono Aurora relicto 
 Arcadiae sacrum pontificale deae. 
 
 llXH. 
 

 FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 21 
 
 Q 435 
 
 t 
 
 440 
 
 is, 445 
 aeqiie, 
 
 450 
 
 Gi' 
 
 455 
 
 •1 
 
 461) 
 
 Te quoque lux eadem, Turni soror, aede recepiti 
 
 Hie ubi Virginea campus obitur aqua. 
 Unde petam causas horum moremque sacrorum ? 465 
 
 Dirigat in medio quis mea vc<la freto? 
 Ipsa mone, quae nomen habes a carmine ductum, 
 
 Propositoque fave, ne tuu? erret honos. 
 Orta prior luna, de se si creditur ipsi, 
 
 A magno tellus Arcade nomen habet. 470 
 
 Hie fuit Evander, qui, quamquam clarus utroque, 
 
 Nobilior sacrae sanguine matris erat, 
 Quae, simul aetherios animo conceperat ignes, 
 
 Ore dabat vero carmina plena dei. 
 Dixerat haee nato motus instare sibique, 475 
 
 Multaque praeterea, tempore nacta fidem. 
 Nam juvenis nimium vera cum matre fugatus 
 
 Deserit Arcadiam Parrhasiumque larem. 
 Cui genitrix flenti, Fortuna viriliter, inquit, 
 
 — Siste, precor, lacrimas— ista ferenda tibi est. 480 
 Sic erat in fatis, nee te tua culpa fugavit, 
 
 Sed deus ; oflenso pulsus es urbe deo. 
 Non meriti poenam pateris sed nUminis iram ; 
 
 Est aliquid magnis crimen abesse malis. 
 Conscia mens ut cuique sua est, ita concipit intra 485 
 
 Peetora pro facto spemque metumque suo. 
 Nee tamen ut primus maere mala talia passu s ; 
 
 Obruit ingentes ista procella viros, 
 Passus idem est Tyriis qui quondam pulsus ab oris 
 
 0n.(lTHV.3 in Annin. nnnefifif avnl )ititv»/^ 40^1 
 
 Passus idem Tydeus, et idem Pagasaeus lason, 
 Et quos praeterea longa referre nioia ^ >t 
 
22 
 
 P. OVIDII NASONIS 
 
 Omne solum forfci patria est, ut p^scibus aequor, 
 
 Ut volucri vacuo qnidquid in orbe patet. 
 Kec fera tempestas toto tamen horret in anno, 495 
 
 lilt tibe, crede mihi, tempora veris erunt. 
 Vocibus Evander firmata mente parentis 
 
 Nave secat fluctus, Hesperiamque tenet. 
 Jamque ratem doctae monitu Carmentis in amnem 
 
 Egerat, et Tuscis obvius ibat aquis. 500 
 
 riuminis ilia latus, cui sunt vada juncta Tarenti, 
 
 Aspicit et sparsas per loca sola casas. 
 Utque erat immissis puppim stetit ante capillis, 
 
 Continuitquo manum torva regentis iter ; 
 Et procul in dextram tendens sua brachia ripam, 505 
 
 Pinea non sano ter pede texta ferit ; 
 Keve daret saltum properans insistere terrae, 
 
 Vix est Evandri vixque retent i manu. 
 Dique petitorum, dixit, salvete locorum, 
 
 Tuque novos caelo terra datura deos. 610 
 
 Fluminaque, et fontes quibus utitur hospita tellus, 
 
 Et nemorum silvae, Naiadumque chori, 
 Este bonis avibus visi natoque mihique, 
 
 Kipaque felici tacta sit ista pede ! 
 Fallor? an hi fient ingentia moenia colles, 6I5 
 
 Juraque ab hac terra caetera terra petet ? 
 Montibus his olim totus promittitur orbis. 
 
 Quis tantum fati credat habere locum? 
 Et jam Dardaniae tangent haec litora pinus. 
 
 Hie quoque causa novi femina Martis erit. 520 
 
 Care nepos, Palla, funesta quid induis arma ? 
 Indue : non humili vindice caesus eris. 
 
 ( 
 1 
 
 r 
 
 E 
 D 
 
 M 
 
 N 
 
495 
 
 em 
 
 600 
 
 , 505 
 
 510 
 
 lis. 
 
 515 
 
 520 
 
 1 
 
 FASTORUM LIB. 1. 23 
 
 Victa tamen vinces, eversaque Troja resurges ; 
 
 Obruet hostiles ista ruina domos. 
 Urite victrices Neptunia Pepgama flammae ; 525 
 
 Num minus hie toto est altior orbe cinis ? 
 Jam plus Aeneas sacra, et sacra altera patrem, 
 
 Aflferet : Iliacos excipe, Vesta, deos. 
 Tempus erit cum vos orbemque tuebitur idem, 
 
 Et fient ipso sacra colente deo ; 530 
 
 yat penes Augustos patriae tutela manebit. 
 
 Hanc fas imperii frena tenere domura. 
 ).nde nepos natusque dei, licet ipse recuset, 
 
 Pondera caelesti mente patema feret. 
 (Jtque ego perpetuis olim sacrabor in r^ris, 635 
 
 Sic Augusta novum Julia numen erit. 
 Talibus ut dictis nostros descendit in annos, 
 
 Substitit in medios praescia lingua sonos. 
 Puppibus egressus Latia stetit exul in herba. 
 
 Felix, exilium cui locus ille tint ! 540 
 
 Nee mora longa fuit ; stabant nova tecta, nee alter 
 
 Montibus Ausoniis Arcade major erat. 
 
 Ecce boves illuc Erytheidas applicat heros 
 
 Emensus longi claviger orbis iter. • 
 Dumque huic hospitium domus est Tegeaea, va- 
 
 gantur 545 
 
 Incustoditae lata per arva boves. 
 Mane erat : excussus somno Tirynthius hospes 
 
 Be numero tauros sentit abesse duos. 
 Nulla videt quaerens taciti vestigia furti ; 
 
 Traxerat aversos Cacus in antra feros, 650 
 
 I 
 
24 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS 
 
 
 Cacus Aventinae timor atqua infamia silvas, 
 
 Non leve finitimis hospitibusque malum. 
 Dira viro facies, vires pro corpore, corpus 
 
 Grande : pater monstri Mulciber hujus erat. 
 Proque domo longis spelunca recessibus ingens, 555 
 
 Abdita, vix ipsis invenienda feris. 
 Ora super postes affixaque brachia pendent, 
 
 Squalidaque humanis ossibus albet humus. 
 Servata male parte bourn Jove natus abibat ; 
 
 Mugitum rauco furta dedere sono. 5G0 
 
 Accipio revocamen, ait, vocemque secutuB 
 
 Impia per silvas ultor ad antra venit. 
 Ille aditum fracti praestruxerat objice montis : 
 
 Vix juga movissent quinque bis illud opus. 
 Kititur hie humeris, caelum quoque sederat illis, 565 
 
 Et vastum motu collabefactat onus. 
 Quod simul evulsum est, fragor aethera terruit ipsum, 
 
 Ictaque subsedit pondere molis humus. 
 Prima movet Cacus collata proelia dextra, 
 
 Remque ferox saxis stipitibusque gent. 570 
 
 Quis ubi nil agitur, patrias male fortis ad artes 
 
 Confugit, et flammas ore sonante vomit. 
 Quas quoties pr6flat, spirare Typhoea credas, 
 
 Et rapidum Aetnaeo f ulgur ab igne jaci. 
 Occupat Alcides, adductaque clava trinodis 575 
 
 Ter quater adversi sedit in ore viri. 
 Ille cadit, mixtosque vomit cum sanguine fumos, 
 
 Et lato moriens Dectore Dlan^it bumnm. 
 Immolat ex illis taurum tibi, Juppiter, unum 
 
 Victor, et Evandrum ruricolasque vocat ; 580 
 
 
PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 25 
 
 555 
 
 560 
 
 , 565 
 
 sum. 
 
 570 
 
 i 
 
 575 
 
 580 
 
 Constituitque sibi, quae Maxima dicitur, aram, 
 
 Hie ubi pars urbis de bove nomen habet. 
 Nee tacet Evandri mater prope tempus adesse, 
 
 Hercule quo tellus sit satis usa suo. 
 At felix vates, ut dis gratissima vixit, 585 
 
 Possidet hunc Jani sic dea mense diem. 
 IDUS. 13th. 
 
 Ididus in magni castus Jo\'is aede sacerdos 
 
 Semimaris flammis viscera libat ovis ; 
 Redditaque est omnis populo provincia noslro, 
 
 Et tuus Augusto nomine dictus avus. 590 
 
 Perlege dispositas generosa per atria ceras ; 
 
 Contigerunt nulli nomina tanta viro. 
 Africa victorem de se vocat : alter Isauras, 
 
 Aut Cretum domitas testificatur opes : 
 Hunc Numidae faciunt, ilium Messana superbum ; 595 
 
 Ille Numantina traxit ab urbe notam. 
 Et mortem et nomen Druso Germania fecit. 
 
 Me miserum, virtus quam brevis ilia fuit ! 
 Si p^etat a victis, tot sumat nomina Caesar, 
 
 Quot numero gentes maximus orbis habet. 600 
 
 Ex uno quidam celebres, aut torquis ademptae, 
 
 Aut corvi titulos auxiliaris habent. 
 Magne, tuum nomen rerum mensura tua im est ; 
 
 Sed qui te vicit, nomine major erat. 
 Nee gradus est ultra Fabios cognominis ullus ; 605 
 
 Ilia domus meritis Maxima dicta suis. 
 Sed tamen humanis celebrantur honoribus omnes ; 
 
 Hie socium summo cum Jove nomen habet. 
 Sancta vocant augusta patres : augusta vocantur 
 
 I 
 
II, 
 
 ll t 
 
 26 
 
 p. OVIDII NAS0NI8 
 
 Templa sacerdotum rite dicata manu. 610 
 
 Hujus et augurium dependet origine verbi, 
 
 Et quodcumque sua Juppiter auget ope. 
 Augeat imperium nostri ducis, augeat annos ; 
 
 Protegat et vestras querna corona fores. 
 Auspicibusque dels tanti cognominis heres 615 
 
 Omine suscipiat, quo pater, orbis onus. 
 XVIII. KAL. 15th. 
 
 Respiciet Titan actas ubi tertius Idus, 
 
 Fient Parrhasiae sacra relata deae. 
 Nam prius Ausonias matres carpenta vehebant : 
 
 Haec quoque ab Evandri dicta parente reor : 620 
 Mox honor eripitur, Matronaque destinat omnia 
 
 Ingratos nulla prole novare viros ; 
 Neve daret partus, ictu t.emeraria caeco 
 
 Visceribus crescens excutiebat onus. 
 Corripuisse patres ausas immitia nuptas, 625 
 
 Jus tamen exemptum restituisse, ferunt. 
 Binaque nunc pariter Tegeaeae sacra parent! 
 
 Pro pueris fieri virginibusque jubent. 
 Scortea non illi fas est inferre sacello, 
 
 Ne violent puros exanimata focos. 630 
 
 Si quis amas veteres ritus, assiste precanti ; 
 
 Nomina percipies non tibi nota prius. 
 PoiTima placantur Postv^rtaque, sive sorores, 
 
 Sive fugae comites, Maenali diva, tuae. 
 Altera quod porro fuerat, cecinisse putatur : 635 
 
 Altera venturum postmodo quidquid erat. 
 
 XVII. KAL. 16th. 
 
 Candida, te niveo posuit lux proxima templo 
 
FASTORUM LIB. 1. 
 
 27 
 
 610 
 
 615 
 
 620 
 
 625 
 
 630 
 
 635 
 
 Qua fert sublimes alta Moneta gradas. 
 Nunc bene prospicies Latiam, Concordia, turbam ; 
 
 Nunc te sacratae restituere manus. 640 
 
 Furius antiquam populi superator Etrusci 
 
 Voverat, et voti solverat ante fidem. 
 Causa, quod a patribus sumptis secesserat armis 
 
 Vulgus, et ipsa suas Roma timebat opes, 
 Causa recens melior : passos Gerinania crines 645 
 
 Porrigit auspiciis, dux venerande, tuis. 
 lude triumphatae libasti munera geniis, 
 
 Templaque fecisti, quam colis ipse, deae. 
 1 [aec tua constituit Genitrix et rebus et ara. 
 
 Sola toro magni digna reperta Jovis. 650 
 
 XVI. KAL. 17th. 
 
 Haec ubi transierint, Capricomo, Phoebe, relicto 
 
 Per juvenis curres signa gerentis aquam. 
 X. KAL. 23rd. 
 
 Septimus hinc Oriens cum se demiserit undis, 
 
 Fulgebit toto jam Lyra nulla polo. 
 
 IX. KAL. 24th. 
 
 Sidere ab hoc ignis venienti nocte, Leonis 655 
 
 Qui micat in medio pectore, mersus erit. 
 
 Ter quafcer evolvi signantes tempora fastos, 
 
 Nee Sementina est uUa reperta dies : 
 Cum mihi, sensifc enim, Lux haec indicitur, inquit 
 
 Musa : quid a fastis non stata sacra petis 1 ^ 660 
 Utque dies incerta sacri, sic tempora certa, 
 
 Seminibus jactis est ubi fetus ager. 
 State coronati plenum ad praesepe juvenci * 
 
 Oum tepido vestrum vere redibit opus. 
 
 I 
 
28 
 
 P. OVIDI! NASONIS 
 
 I* ( 
 
 iiS 
 
 
 Is,* !»' 
 
 I 
 
 Rusticiis emeritum palo suspendat aratnim ; 665 
 
 Omne reform idat frigida vulnus humus. 
 * Villice, da requiem terrae, semente peracta, 
 Da requiem, terram qui coluere, viris ; 
 Pagus agat festum ; pagum lustrate, coloni, 
 
 Et date paganis annua liba focis. ^70 
 
 Placentur matres frugum, Tellusque Ceresque, 
 
 Farre suo gravidae visceribusque suis. 
 Officiiim commune Ceres et Terra tuentur; 
 
 Haec praebet causam frugibus, ilia locum. 
 Conaortes operum, Der quas correcta vetustas, 675 
 
 Quernaque glans victa est utiliore cibo, 
 Frugibus immensis avidos satiate colonos 
 
 Ut capiant cultus praemia digna sui. 
 Vos date perpetuos teneris sementibus auctus. 
 
 Nee nova per gelidas herba sit ust^ nives. ' 680 
 Cum. serimus, caelum ventis aperite serenis ; 
 Cum latet, aetheria spargite semen aqua ; 
 Neve graves cultis Cerealia rura, cavete, 
 
 Agmine laesuro depopulentur aves. 
 Vos quoque, formicae, subjectis parcite granis ; 685 
 
 Post messem praedae copia major erit. 
 Interea crescat scabrae robiginis expers, 
 
 Nee vitio caeli palleat ulla seges, 
 Et neque deficiat macie, neque pinguior aequo 
 Divitiis pereat luxuriosa suis ; 
 . Et careant loliis oculos vitiantibus agri, 
 Nee sterilis culto surgat avena solo. 
 -i.vx.,v.-^>^ xvvua, passiiraque farra bis ignera, 
 Hordeaque ingenti fenore reddat agar.— 
 Haec ego pro vobis, haec vos optate coloni, 6;i5 
 
 690 
 
665 
 
 670 
 
 675 
 
 680 
 
 685 
 
 t)9() 
 
 6:i5 
 
 FASTORUM LIB. I. 29 
 
 Efficiatque ratas utraque diva preces. 
 Bella diu tenuere viros, erat aptior ensis 
 Vomere, cedebat taunis arator equo ; 
 Sarcuia cessabant, versique in pila ligonea, 
 
 Factaque de rastri pondere cassis erat. 700 
 
 Gratia dis domuique tuae ! religata catenis 
 Jam pridem vestro sub pede bella jacent. 
 Sub juga bos veniat, sub terras semen aratas : 
 Pax Cererem nutrit, pacis alumna Ceres. 
 VI. KAL. 27th. 
 
 At quae venturas praecedit sexta Kalendas, 706 
 
 Hac sunt Ledaeis templa dicata deis. 
 Fratribus ilia deis fratres de gente deorum 
 Circa Juturnae composuere lacus. 
 
 III. KAL. 30th. 
 
 Ipsum nos carmen deducit Pacis ad aram. 
 
 Haec erit a mensis fine secunda dies. 710 
 
 Frondibus Actiacis comptos redimita capillos 
 
 Pax ades, et toto mitia in orbe mane. 
 Dum desint hostis, desit quoque causa triumph! ; 
 
 Tu ducibus bello gloria major eris. 
 Sola gerat miles, quibus arma coerceat, arma, 715 
 
 Canteturque fera nil nisi pompa tuba. 
 Horreat Aeneadas et primus et ultimus orbis; 
 Si qua parum Romam terra timebat, amet. 
 Tura, sacerdotes, Pacalibus addite flammis, 
 
 Albaque perfusa victima fronte cadat ; 720 
 
 Utque domus, quae nraeatat Aam. o^^m r^ana r>o*.^«viof 
 
 Ad pia propensos vota rogate deos. 
 Sed jam prima mei pars est exacta laboris, 
 Cumque sue finem mense libellus habet. 
 
I '' 
 
 s 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 
 I 
 
 N! 
 
 
 ^ 1. Temporal Under this general term the poet in- I 
 
 eiudes not only the months and their divisions, but the 
 Afferent kinds of days, festivals, half-holidays and 
 those for ordinary bu.-iness. Caxisae are the reasons or ' 
 
 grounds on which th. distinctions were established. 
 It 13 probable that thi word has reference to the Ahta 
 ot Oalhmachus, a lost epic poem, explanatory of the 
 »noient Greek legends whence Propertius avowedly bor 
 towed the idea which Ovid has more fully developed 
 m his Fasti. The last book of Propertius, contain- 
 ing some portions of a metrical history of Rome is 
 clearly the model on which our poet composed the 
 present work. In Prop. v. (iv.) 10. 1, we have ' nunc i 
 
 Jovis incipiam caums aperire Peretri.'-^i^Ha. This / 
 
 implies taat astronomical observations will be inter » 
 
 wo en with the historical narratives (inf. 295), so that 4 
 
 the work may be at once useful and amusing. This ^ 
 
 part of the poet's information, which is occasionally 
 inaccurate, was derived from a contemporary mm- S 
 
 manau and friend, Clodius Tuscus. He is men^ned \ 
 
 « Tuscu> m Epist. ex Pont. iv. 16. 20 ; and an account 
 of his treatise on the risings and settings of the stars. | 
 
 ,0,!, : . ; ," "'"*-n «^as urat published in i 
 
 1S23, ,s given by Merkel, Praef. p. Ixvi. soqq. A { 
 
I 
 
 oet in- 
 i>ut the 
 i^s cand 
 sons or 
 lished. 
 ' Air ICC 
 of the 
 ly bor- 
 eloped 
 >ntain- 
 nae, is 
 Jd the 
 'nunc 
 
 This 
 inter- 
 ) that 
 
 This 
 )nally 
 ?ram- 
 ioned 
 count 
 stars. 
 3d in 
 t. A 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 31 
 
 specimen of a practical Roman calendar for the whole 
 year, compiled from authentic data, will be found in 
 the Dictionary of Antiquities, p. 183. The Fasti of 
 Ovid embodies the notices of festivals, etc., in pre- 
 cisely the same way, but enlarges on the circumstances, 
 so as to verify the opening words tempora cum causis. 
 
 3. Gcemr Germanice] This 'vas the son of Drusus, 
 and the adopted son of Tiberius, who is called pater 
 in ver. 10, as Augustus is avusj Tiberius being step- sou 
 of the latter, and adopted by him. His history forms 
 A prominent part in the early books of the Annals of 
 Tacitus. The first twenty-six verses are a formal 
 <ledication of the poem to Germanicus, and must be 
 legarded as a postcript, with the exception, as Merkel 
 thinks (praefat. p. cclxvi.), of ver. 1, 2. 7, 8. 13, 14, 
 which perhaps formed the original commencement, 
 written between the years 753—755. The object of 
 the new dedication, which was made shortly after tlio 
 death of Augustus in 767 (see inf. 63), was probably 
 to induce Tiberius, on the intercession of Germanicus, 
 to recall the poet from his exile. We know from 
 Trist. ii. 551, that the work was at first inscribed to 
 Augustus : — 
 
 • Idque tuo nuper scriptum sub nomine Caesar, 
 Et tibi sacratum sors mea rupit opus.' 
 
 [fc was therefore laid aside unfinished at the time of his 
 banishment in 762, though he seems to have com- 
 pleted the first draught or outline of the twelve books. 
 See on vi. 812. Afterwards he resumed it, intending 
 a revision ; but he only lived to remodel the first 
 
32 
 
 r. OVIDII NAS0NI8 PASTORUM LIE. I. 
 
 * 
 '# 
 
 
 [ii 
 
 book. He died, it is thought, at the close of the year 
 770. Merkol has treated the question of the cum 
 prima et seeritida with great care and at considerable 
 length, and concludes that in all but the first book 
 Augustus and not Tiberius is alluded to ; in a word 
 that with the e.xception of four verses inserted in iv' 
 81-84, they were not touched by the author after 
 702, A. c.c. 
 
 6. numim dexter ades] A mere metrical expression 
 torfave or annue. Officium (for opificium) is properly 
 the personal service of a client to his patron, as in 
 attendnig him in public : hence ' a compliment ■ of 
 any kmd. Some MSS. and edd. give officii, and in 
 tioi aevoto munere, 
 
 7. recognosces] ' Yon shall go over again,' retracta- 
 
 6m. Inf. IV 4. 18, 'plura recognosces : pauca docen- 
 
 dus ens. Germanicus, as a literary man, is presumed 
 
 to be already acquainted with the facts which are now 
 
 presented, as it were, in a new dress. The prisci 
 
 mmales probably refer not only to the writings of 
 
 Ennius and Pabius Pictor, but to the yearly state 
 
 records or chronicles properly so called, and to the 
 
 books of the Pontifices, i.tdigitamenta, containing lists 
 
 of the gods, and instructions as to their worship To 
 
 such records eruta is obviously applicable, as they were 
 
 atesSr^ '' '""^"^ '""""" ""^ ^-» ^--"^ 
 
 9. domestica vobis] Instituted by or in honour of 
 your own gens, the Julian (bv adontionV Tj,„.e ,i„..g 
 are especially meant in which the' name of Augu^U,, 
 
 i 
 
NOTES. 
 
 33 
 
 the year 
 he cura 
 iderable 
 8fc book 
 a word, 
 d in iv. 
 )r after 
 
 )ression 
 coperly 
 ) as in 
 ^nt ' of 
 and in 
 
 'tracta- 
 docen- 
 ssumed 
 :e now 
 prisci 
 igs of 
 state 
 to the 
 ig lists 
 p. To 
 f^were 
 erally 
 
 our of 
 
 :usta8 
 
 i 
 
 occurred in the calendar, i. e. fenae in commemoration 
 of his exploits. Hor. Od. iv. 14. 4. 
 
 11. sig^iardia] Like 7iotata, ver. 8. this refers to the 
 
 marks made in the Fasti against holidays. See on iii 
 
 42d,—picto8. They were distinguished by red letters, 
 
 a custom which has been continued through the MSS. of 
 
 the middle ages almost to the present day,, as iji the 
 
 instance of 'rubrics' from rubrica. Juvenal has 
 
 *nibraemajorum leges,* xiv. 191; and Martial twice 
 
 uses the term 'purpurei fasti,' xi. 4. 5, and xii. 26. 5. 
 
 The Drusus here mentioned was the' son of Tiberius.— 
 
 feres means that hereafter they will obtain the same 
 
 honours (praemla) in the Roman Calendar which their 
 
 seniors have already secured.— /erre is not unfrequently 
 
 used for consequi. 
 
 13. aras] * Templa aediEcata et restaurata,' e. g. 
 that of the Palatine Apollo. See Sueton. Oct, § 29. 
 Infra ii. 63. 
 
 17. da mihi—vires] '' Be propitious to me, [and] 
 thou wilt give [lit. have given] me strength for my 
 
 song. 
 
 19. movetur] This is usually explained ' commo- 
 vetur,' ' tremit.' But the ellipse of metUy to be supplied 
 from ver. 16, is harsh, and unlike the generally easy 
 style of Ovid. Rather, ' is put forth,' emittitiir. Inf. 
 iii. 11, 'quid enim vetat inde moveri ?' i. e. carmen ; 
 iv. 820, 'inde movetur opus.* Her. xvi. 78, 'hanc* 
 esse ut scires, unde movetur amor/ Virg. Aen. vii. 
 641, ' pandite nunc Helicona deae cantusque movete. 
 The fulsome adulation of comparing Germaniciis to 
 
5 
 
 34 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 Apollo need not surprise any one acquainted with the 
 poetry of the Augustan age. 
 
 20. Clario deo] Apollo. From Claros, a town in 
 Ionia, with a temple sacred to Apollo. 
 
 21. sensimus] ' We (the Romans generally) are well 
 aware.' Keightley limits the sense too closely: 'I 
 have heard of/ as Ovid was in exile.— ^ro trepidis 
 reis. The Romans had a feeling, in which we do not 
 now share, that nothing was more honourable than 
 to devote time and talents to the defence of culprits. 
 Gierig compares Hor. Od. ii. 1. 13, where Pollio is 
 called 'insigne maestis praesidium reis.' Like the 
 Greeks, they were very soft-hearted in this matter ; 
 but it arose from the unjust accusations, calumniae or 
 6vHO(pavTiat, so often brought by the powerful 
 against the weak and defenceless, and was a natural 
 result of the jealousies between plebs and populus.— 
 tulit, sc. facundia tua. 
 
 23. ad nostras artes] Poetry as distinct from elo- 
 quence. Sueton. Calig. § 3, 'Omnes Germanico 
 corporis animique virtutes, et quantas nemini cuiquam, 
 contigisse satis constat : formam et fortitudinem egre- 
 giam, ingenium in utroque eloquentiae doctrinaeque 
 genere praecellens.— Oravit causas etiam triumphalis ; 
 atque inter cetera studiorum monumenta reliquit et 
 comoedias Graecas,' In Epist. ex Pont. ii. 5. 49—56. 
 Ovid speaks of GermaYiicus's eloquence in exaggerated 
 
 terms 
 
 * ^^^ ?^* P"'''*^ ^^^^ ®8*» a^ue 08 coeleste solutum. 
 Hoc buperoB jures more soJere loqui, ' &c. 
 
 I 
 
 f: 
 
NOTES. 
 
 35 
 
 Taci ^73, who is more to be relied on, merely says, 
 Ann. ' 73, 'Clementia, temperantia, ceteris bonis 
 nrtibus J -aestitit.' He translated the Phaenomena of 
 Aratiis, parts of which version are still extant. 
 
 25. Of the two readings of this passage, ' scilicet ut 
 fas est,' and * ri licet et fas est,' the latter seems to 
 give the better sense. The poet apologises for pre- 
 ferring a request which he pretends to' fear may be 
 thought derogatory to so high a dignity. We may 
 perhaps understand it thus : ' Si licet mihi rogare, et 
 Bi fas esttibi concedere roganti.' Fas is used with 
 reference to the numen of Germanicus. The former 
 reading is preferred by Merkel. Keightley says, 
 * scilicet, therefore. The use of scilicet in this sense is 
 very rare. ' Nothing but undoubted examples would 
 make such a sense credible. 
 
 26. auspicio] Another reading is auspice te. There 
 is a sort of play on felix annits eat. which in fact is 
 meant to refer to the poem only ; but the success and 
 prosperity of the current year are also implied. See 
 inf. 168, where auspicium is * the opening day.* Here 
 he only means the patronage of Germanicus. On the 
 question of his consulship, see inf. 63. 
 
 27.] Whatever opinions may exist on the old cyclic 
 or ten-month Roman year, it is an acknowledged fiction 
 to attribute it to Romulus. See inf. iii. 75. It seems 
 to have been adopted either from the people of 
 Alba or Etruria, and may even have co-existed, as a 
 sacred division of time, with a civil year of twelve 
 months ; or there may have been a want of uniformity 
 
$6 
 
 p. OVIDII NASOXIS FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 resulting from the mixed nature of the early Roman 
 population. It is difficult to explain the numerical 
 terms which we still employ, viz. : September to De- 
 cember, except on the theory that, like the Greek 
 Prytanies, there were in actual use ten divisions of the 
 year. Instances have been adduced of treaties which 
 seem to have been reckoned by ten-month years, 
 such years amounting to 304 days each. But in the 
 case of the Veientian treaty, made with Rome in 280 
 for forty years, and either concluded or broken in 
 317, Dr. Arnold (Hist of Rome, i. p. 384) inclines to 
 the latter view against Niebuhr, who maintains that 
 the years were cyclic years of ten months ; so that this 
 instance proves nothing. See also ibid. p. 388. One 
 thing at least seems certain, that the year must always 
 be regulftted by, or more or less accurately adjusted 
 to, the recurrence of certain seasons, so as to be of the 
 same length into whatever parts it is arbitrarily divided. 
 Hence ten lunar months could not possibly constitute 
 a year in themselves. If they were made up by inter- 
 calating, it seems likely enough that the intercalated 
 days afterwards became two new months with regular 
 names like the rest, January taking the precedence of 
 all, because Janus was the god of opening (ii. 51). See 
 inf. on iii. 121, and the Dictionary of Antiquities, art 
 Calendar, where this intricate subject is fully discussed. 
 29. 7ioras] For noveras—' thou knewest.* 
 31. quae movent] Keightley says that this and tha 
 following tueatur are potential. He means, perhaps, 
 *c translate, * there is a reason which may have moved 
 
 4 
 ' ihui 
 
NOTES. 
 
 37 
 
 y Roman 
 umerical 
 V to De- 
 e Greek 
 tis of the 
 es which 
 I years, 
 it in the 
 B in 280 
 )ken in 
 jlines to 
 ins that; 
 that this 
 8. One 
 t always 
 Lcljusted 
 B of the 
 iivided. 
 nstitute 
 y inter- 
 rcalated 
 regular 
 lence of 
 d). See 
 ies, art 
 icussed. 
 
 and the 
 
 erhaps, 
 
 moved 
 
 him.* Movent belongs in fact to the idiom est qui 
 faciat, smit qui dicant, &c., the only difference being 
 that the action here is one of mixed time, * there are 
 reasons which moved him,* for ' habuit rationes quibus 
 moveretur ;' while in the next verse it changes to the 
 ' praesens historicum. * 
 
 32. erroremque—hahet] ' He has grounds whereon 
 to defend his mistake.' 
 
 35. per totidem domo. ] « For so many months from 
 the funeral of her husband, does the wife keep the sad 
 signs of mourning in her widowed home.* 
 
 37. haec vidit] ^ Haec respexit,' * non putavit neg- 
 ligenda.*^trabeati. The origin of the striped toga so 
 called was traditionally assigned to Romulus, who was 
 said to have appeared in it after he had been taken up 
 to heaven. See ii. 502 ; vi. 375— annua jura bears an 
 unusual sense, which however is determined ' by the 
 context, ' leges ad anni tempora pertinentes. *— -jwra 
 dare is properly ^o legislate;' jm dare to decide 
 causes.' Inf. 207. 252. 
 
 39. Veneris] As if from Aphrodite, the Greek god- 
 dess, with whom Venus was identified. April h usu- 
 ally derived from aperire ; the month in which buds 
 and flowers open. 
 
 40.] As Romulus was descended from Aeneas 
 through lUa or Silvia (iv. 55), he referred his origin to 
 Venus as the author of his race, but to Mars directly 
 
 
 41. senihus] Mains was fancifully derived a major- 
 ihus, as Junius ajunioribus. See v. 73 ; vi. QS.-^turba 
 
38 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS FA8T0RUM LIB. I. 
 
 
 as the Greeks use ox^o^, when things or persons oi 
 secondary importance are spoken of collectively.— 
 nwmero ; as September from septem, October from octo, 
 <&c. 
 
 43. avitas wmbras] The shades of his ancestors, 
 which were pacified hyfebrua. 
 
 45 — 49. ne ignores — neu — putaris] *But that you 
 (the reader)'may not be ignorant,— nor suppose,' &c., 
 (you are to observe that,) &c. Keightley is surely 
 wrong here : • Do not then be ignorant, for,' &c.» 
 adding, * tamen is merely emphatic, like the Italian 
 pure.' The word is sometimes used elliptically, and 
 requires something to be supplied before it ; but there 
 is no reason to doubt that it always bears its proper 
 meaning. See inf. 447. 495.— jwra means the lawful- 
 ness of doing this or that on particular days. — idem 
 officii is like *soporis idem,' ii. 334 ; 'turbae idem,' v. 
 110. It follows the analogy of nihily multumy parum, 
 &c. — On variorum see inf. 132. 
 
 46. Lucifer] The morning star. Here 'day.' In 
 Greek $m<p6poS, 
 
 47. iria verba] The technical words do, dico, addico 
 used by the Praetor, via. * do bonorum possessionem, 
 dice jus, addico id de quo ambigitur.' Those days on 
 which the Praetor oould sit for the transaction of ordi- 
 nary business at the usual time wer» fasU, those on 
 which there was no session were rhefasti. The words 
 are from fas and fari^ which have a common root- 
 found also in (pn^l Varro, de Ling. Lat. vi. § 30, 
 * Contrarii horum vocantur dies nefaati, per quos dies 
 
 I 
 
 V 
 
 yf 
 
NOTES. 
 
 39 
 
 'sons oj 
 Lvely. — 
 m octo, 
 
 cestors, 
 
 at you 
 e/ &c., 
 surely 
 r/ &c.» 
 Italian 
 ly, and 
 t there 
 proper 
 lawful- 
 — idem 
 em,' V. 
 parum, 
 
 y.' In 
 
 addico 
 ionem, 
 ays on 
 >f ordi- 
 ose on 
 
 words 
 I yoot. 
 
 . § 3o', 
 >s dies 
 
 
 4 rj 
 
 i0 
 
 nefas fari praetorem : do, dico, addico; itaque non potest 
 agi ; necesse enim aliquo eorum uti verbo, cum lege 
 quid peragitur.* The Romans seem to have kept their 
 feriae or holidays strictly ; and as usual when holi- 
 days accumulate, they greatly interfered with business, 
 so that Augustus found it necessary to curtail them. 
 Suet. Oct. § 32. Virgil speaks of certain works being 
 lawfully done on festivals, Georg. a. 268, in terms 
 which justify the conclusion that they were generally 
 observed as strictly as our Sundays. 
 
 49. putaris] For putaveris, 2 sing. perf. subj. of 
 puto, with force of pres. imperative. 
 
 50.] He speaks of half-holidays, nefasti parte or 
 mfastipriores, in which only the morning was exempted 
 from legal duties. There were also dies intercisi, which 
 it is hard to reconcile with the statement in 51, 52. 
 In these, according to Varro, L. L. vi. § 3i, there was 
 a legal interval of some hours between killing the 
 victim and offering the exta : * intercisi dies sunt per 
 quos mane ©t vesperi est nefas, medio tempore inter 
 hostiam caesam et exta porrecta fas.' See also ih, § 16, 
 ' inter quojus exta oaesa et porrecta Flamen primus 
 vinum legit. ' But Grid says what is clearly different, 
 * in the afternoon, after the exta have been offered, 
 business may proceed as usual.' Either then he omits 
 all mention of the intercisi, or if he thought they were 
 the same as nefasti parte, which is not improbable, he 
 omits to state that business must stop at sunset ; per- 
 haps because such was generally the custom on all 
 days. Ovid was indebted to Varro for much of his 
 
40 
 
 p. OVIDII NAS0NI8 PASTORUM LIB 1. 
 
 ill 
 
 information, and it is difficult to believe that the dis- 
 crepancy arose from ignorance. Merkel (p. xxxvii.) 
 denies that dies nefasti parte and intercisi were the 
 same. The former are marked in the old calendars 
 NP; the latter r ^ndo for on) which fact alone 
 seems to indicate j istinction. 
 
 53. septis] He now speaks of the dies comitialeSf or 
 regular days for holding assemblies of the people. 
 These are marked in the calendars with the letter C. 
 These were not only fasti, fit for legal business, but for 
 all ordinary duties whatever ; whereas nefasti dies pre- 
 cluded only legal, but admitted of other affairs being 
 done, either public or private (Merkel, p. xxxiii) 
 The septa were the inclosures (temporary?) in th» 
 Campus Martins for the voting of the centuries. It 
 appears that similar septa, for the Comitia Curiata, 
 occupied a part of the forum which was famed for it» 
 fine shops (Martial, ix. 60 ; x. 80. 4.). 
 
 64. nono ab orbej The nundinae (novendinae) or 
 market-days ; so called, like the none* of the month, 
 which always fell eight days before the ides, from the 
 principle of inclusive counting familiar to the Bomans. 
 To prevent the coincidence of nonae and nundinae, 
 which they thought unlucky, a day was interpolated 
 in some years. They seem also to have avoided be- 
 ginning a new year with this day. In the old calen- 
 dars the letters of the alphabet from A to H inclusive 
 are prefixed to the days of the month, some one of 
 which was the nundine letter for the whole yea^. 
 55. Kalendas] The goddess Juno, who in her Pel- 
 
 
 0i 
 
 i 
 
NOTES. 
 
 41 
 
 the dis- 
 XXX vii.) 
 ere the 
 ilendars 
 }t alone 
 
 iales, or 
 people, 
 etter C. 
 but for 
 lies pre- 
 s being 
 Exxiii) 
 in th» 
 ies. It 
 /uriata, 
 i for it» 
 
 lae) or 
 oionth, 
 om the 
 omans. 
 ndi7iaet 
 )olated 
 led be- 
 calen- 
 elusive 
 one of 
 
 er Pel. 
 
 
 Wi 
 
 I 
 
 asgic character, was sometimes the earth, sometimes 
 the moon, claimed as her own the first day of every 
 month {vovfitfvt'a), on which a sacrifice was offered to 
 her by one of the subordinate pontiffs. On the ides 
 Jupiter was similarly honoured ; while the nones, being 
 less important than either the new or the full moon, 
 were not dedicated to any particular deity. The 
 meaning of these terms may be given in Varro's words, 
 Ij. L. vi. § 27 : * primi dies mensium nominati Gal- 
 •ndae ab eo quod his diebus calantur [i.e. JiaXovvrai] 
 •jus mensiB nonae a pontificibus, quintanae an septi- 
 manae sint futurae [i.e. fall on the 5th or the 7th], in 
 Capitolio in Curia Calabra sic : dies te quinque calo, 
 Juno Covella [i.e. luna cava, Hot'Xtf]^ septem dies te 
 calo, Juno Covella. JVbwoe appellatae aut quod ante 
 diem nonum idus semper, aut quod ut novus annus 
 calendae Januariae ab novo sole appellatae, novus 
 mensis ab nova luna.' The former is evidently right. 
 Idus is from an old verb iduo (whence dividuus and 
 divido), because it fell on the middle of the month. 
 Others however derived it aTto rrfs si'Sovi, from the 
 full moon. The Roman way of counting days prospec- 
 tively is nothing more than oar expression * it wants 
 so many days to the full moon,' or, * to the holidays,' 
 or * so many miles to London.* 
 
 58a. falla/re] Pres. subj. pass, of fallo. 
 
 586. Ater] The day after the kalends, nones, and 
 ides in every month was more than nefastus, it was 
 religiosusf or * unlucky,' and allowed of no public or 
 state business of any sort. Hence the poet adds ue 
 
1 f 
 
 11!. 
 
 42 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 fallare cave, miud you do not forget the precept or misfi 
 the count. Varro, L. L. vi. § 29, 'dies postridie 
 Calendas, Nonas, Idus, appellati atH quod per eos dies 
 noyi inciperent.' Plutarch, Quaest. Rom. § 25, in- 
 quires why these three days in each month were 
 dve^odot Kai dvBH8r,nffToi (unfit for expeditions), and 
 after assigning the above as a probable reason, con- 
 cludes that they were regarded as sacred to the dead 
 and the powers called Saijuove? (genii, ii. 545), like 
 the second month after the commencement of the year. 
 He also suggests that they wished to leave the interval 
 of a whole day unemployed between a holiday and the 
 resumption of ordinary business. The day after the 
 kalends and nones was kept sacred, as Keightley re- 
 marks, on the analogy of the unlucky ides. The ' dies 
 AUiensis,' or defeat by the Gauls at the AUia, July 16, 
 390 B. c, is mentioned by Varro, vi. § 32. Compare 
 Ibis, 221, ' haec est in fastis cui dat gravis Allia no- 
 men.' The belief in * black days' is very ancient. 
 Both Hesiod and Virgil treat of them ; and, like many 
 other ancient superstitions, it remains to this day in 
 the reluctance which sailors have to commence a 
 voyage on a Friday. A difficulty arises from the fact 
 that in the ancient calendars these days are generally 
 marked F (fasti) ; which Merkel (p. xxxiii.) removes, 
 or endeavours to remove, by the supposition that the 
 rule was relaxed by Augustus, or that they were 
 puhlice religiosi, i. e. unlucky for public business, 
 though only marked as unfit for meetings of the Senate 
 and Comitia, which did not take place on dies fasti. 
 
 i 
 
 sii 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
)t or misri 
 postridie 
 V eos dies 
 5 25, in- 
 ith were 
 3ns), and 
 Jon, con- 
 the dead 
 ►45), like 
 the year, 
 interval 
 and the 
 if ter the 
 itley re- 
 he ' dies 
 July 16, 
 Compare 
 Lllia no- 
 ancient, 
 ke many 
 J day in 
 lence a 
 the fact 
 enerally 
 emoves, 
 that the 
 y were 
 Lisiness, 
 i Senate 
 fasti. 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 f^' > 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 43 
 
 60. danma-iuUt] 'Sustained sad losses in adverse 
 war.' 
 
 62. enmt] The sense Is 'these remarks, though 
 applicable to all the jaonths alike, shall be made once 
 for all,' and not repeated. He proceeds accordingly 
 with the series rerum, ai^ account of the festivals in 
 their order. 
 
 63. mmtiat annum] Keightley thinks this was the 
 year of his consulship 770 (771) ; but the dedication 
 seems to have been. made when Germanicus was going 
 into the East in 770. His second consulship was en- 
 tered when on that expedition, Tac. Ann. ii. 53. The 
 poet would probably have been more definite in his 
 allusions had Germanicus then been more than consul 
 designatus : the point however seems not clearly de- 
 termined. To the question, Who was Janus ? it may 
 be replied, that primarily and in his simplest attributes 
 he was the sun, as Diana, or Jana, was the moon. 
 Keightley says, * a curious but accidental resemblance 
 has been traced between him and the Hindoo Ganesa.' 
 We may safely affirm that, whatever resemblance there 
 may be, it is not accidentaL The Pelasgi came from 
 the confines of India, and brought with them a mix- 
 ture of Persian and Hindoo customs, among which that 
 of sun worship was conspicuous. See inf. 385; iv. 
 777. Now Plutarch, Quaest. Bom., § 22, states that 
 Janus TOO jaiv yivsi '^EXXtfv in Ilepftatfii'a? j}v^ and 
 JSschylus, Suppl. 252, includes the Perrhaebi in the 
 Pelasgian district. If Janus then was the sun, the 
 whole passage which follows becomes at once intel- 
 
|5 !; 
 
 44 p. OVIDII NA80NI8 PA8T0RUM LIB. L 
 
 ligible ; which it certainly is not if wo regard him m 
 ' an and' .it king of Italy.' He is amU origo ; he was 
 produced out of chaos (inf. 103) ; he opens and shuts 
 the world by the alternations of his light, and governs 
 the whole universe (1 18-120). He is united with the 
 seasons m presiding over heaven (125), and his double 
 face evidently arose from the notion that as the sun 
 passed from east to west he showed his disc both 
 behmd and before at the same time, thus contem- 
 platmg ' eoas partes hesperiasque simul ' (140). Yet 
 it does not appear that the poet was at aU aware of his 
 true character as the sun-god. All that he says about 
 openmg the year and the sky is in reference to jmm. 
 In fact, as in the similar case of Anna Perenna, the 
 moon, m. 523, we must conclude that as the relations 
 between the numerous deities became more complex 
 and their attributes enlarged, the original and simple 
 meaning of the names was not only obscured, but often 
 wholly lost. 
 
 66. solus— vides] * Who alone of the gods above be- 
 holdest thine own back.* 
 
 67a. dueilm] Tiberius and Germanicus. Dux is 
 not unfrequently used for imperaior, i.e., princeps, inf. 
 iv. 408. Here it refers more especially to the victory 
 gained by the latter over the Germans in 769. See 
 Tac. Ann. ii. 41 ; inf. 285.-oi^a, a^it, as age^re vitam, 
 aeowm, ferias, &o., and even vere agere, Georg. ii. 338 
 Cf. iv. 926. 
 
 — T — •.£w-jT ivtrt. Viifi!/ I 
 
 ' By whose oAertions the fruit- 
 
 a 
 
 ful earth and sea enjoy secure tranquillity. 
 
 {■ 
 

 NOTES. 
 
 45 
 
 70. nutu tuo] Janus bore a key as a symbol (ver. 99), 
 whence reseray to which is added the notion of favour 
 and good will. Candida probably alludes to the white 
 togas of the people keeping holiday. 
 
 71. linguisque—favete] Cf. Hor. Oarm. iii. 1. 2. 
 74. limdaturha] 'Envious (or slanderous) crowd.' 
 
 Some editions have lingua, 
 76a.] This expression, which is not an obvious one, 
 ^j was probably borrowed from Propertius, v. (iv.) 6, 74, 
 * terque lavet nostra spica Cilissa comas.' Inf. v. 318. 
 Ibis, 202, 'quotve ferat, dicam, terra Cilissa crocos.* 
 Saffron is meant, or the dried pistils of crocus sativus, 
 imported from Corycus in Cilicia. When burnt on hot 
 embers it makes a crackling noise, which was considered 
 a good omen. Tibull. ii. 6, 81, ' laurus, io, bona signa 
 dedit ; gaudete coloni.* Inf. 344 ; iv. 742. 
 
 766. aiissa] Pem. adj., *Cilician,' belonging to Cili- 
 cia, iii Asia Minor. 
 
 78. summa in aede] * In the roof of the temple.' 
 79a. intactis] ' Clean,' newly scoured, and unstained 
 by use since they left the hands of the fuller. So 
 *lilium not t actum,' Martial, v. 37. 6. Vestis is more 
 commonly used of the tunic than the toga. See on vi 
 623. New togas may also be meant, for these were 
 frequently required in the city, though not in the coun- 
 try, where they were seldom worn. Martial x. 96. 11 :— 
 
 ' Quatuor hie aestate togao pluresve teruntur : 
 Auotumnis ibl me quatuor una tegit,' 
 
 # I.e. in Spain. — Tarpeias arces, the temple of Jupiter 
 
 • Capitolinus.— /esto concolor. Dies atri (58) were con- 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
46 
 
 p. OVIDII NAS0NI8 PASTORUM LIB. I, 
 
 I 
 
 trasted with dies ccmdidL They marked lucky days 
 by a white score, or by setting by a white pebble as 
 a memento. Martial, ix 36. 1 : * Gains hanc liicem. 
 gemma mihi Julius alba Signat.' Ihid. xii. 34, 5-8. 
 Persius v. 108, *illa prius creta, mox haec carbone 
 notasti.' 
 
 796. itur] ' They go/ lit. 'it is gone.' In French, 
 on va. 
 
 81. Jamque, (&c.] ' And now the procession is in 
 sight, attending the new consul who is to be inaugu- 
 rated this day.' The nova purpura is the trabea (37) 
 worn by the consuls on solemn occasions, Virg. Aen. 
 vii. 612.-~€6wr, * seUa curulis.* Virgil combines these 
 two as badges of sovereignty in the speech of King 
 Latinus, Aen. xi. 334, * et sellam regni trabeamque 
 insignia nostri. ' In the consul it denoted the proregal 
 authority. 
 
 63. praehent ferienda] «Lend their necks to the 
 blow.' For the restiveness of a victim at the altar 
 was a bad omen. Tao. Hist. iii. 56, * accessit dinim 
 omen, peifugus altaribus taunis. disjecto sacrifieii 
 apparatu, longe nee ubi f eriri hostias mos est confos- 
 sus. '—herha Falisco. The district of Falerii, near the 
 Clitumnus, was famed for a variety of white oxen. 
 The Romans had a foolish notion that cattle and sheep 
 changed their colour by drinking certain waters, Juven. 
 xii. 13 and 42. This pentameter occurs also in Amor. 
 iii 13. 14, and ex Pont. iv. 4. 32. Most of the Roman 
 
 poets occasionallv renfiat vArspa oiflioK a/>/>4j^»4.»iK. 
 
 after the example of Homer. 
 
 f 
 
NOTES. 
 
 47 
 
 y days 
 )ble as 
 liicem 
 4, 5-8. 
 arbone 
 
 French, 
 
 A 
 
 I is in 
 nangu- 
 la (37) 
 . A en. 
 I these 
 King 
 imque 
 oregal 
 
 bo the 
 altar 
 iinim 
 jnficii 
 onfos- 
 ir the 
 oxen, 
 sheep 
 uven. 
 Imor. 
 Oman 
 
 86, 86.] This distich has no direct connection with 
 what precedes. It is added to express the grandeur 
 and majesty of the spectacle. 
 
 87. revertere] Imperative of dep. revertor, 
 
 89. Quern dicam] This question has been answered 
 on 63. The mention of Greece shows how completely 
 the old Italian mythology had become identiliei' "Aih 
 the Greek. * Tell us who you are, for we find m ' ..g 
 like you in Greece.* The fact that the Greeks had no 
 counterpart to Janus is remarkable, and the more so 
 as the worship seems to have been Pelasgio. 
 
 93a. agitarem mente] He asked the question men- 
 tally, as he had his book in hand in the act of writing; 
 not that he went prepared to take down viva voce 
 notea.'-Lucidior. A supernatural light was believed 
 to attest the presence of a deity. Gierig refers to Aen. 
 ii. 690, * pura per noctem in luce refulsit, Alma parens 
 confessa deam.' 
 
 936. haec ego^tahelUs] ' While I was dwelling in 
 my mind on these things, having taken my writing- 
 tablets.' 
 
 96. rcpens] Virgil has 'repensdiscordia' forrepen- 
 tina. The more common form is the ablative repente. 
 Compare sponte from spons (Varronianus, p. 314), i. e. 
 expons. It is said to be the participle of /JeTra^ mean- 
 ing that which falls suddenly. 
 
 100. ore priore] < His front mouth,* L e. mihi ob- 
 verso. 
 
 ■ 
 
 101. dierum] The genitive depends on vates rather 
 than on operose^ The phrase occurs again iii. 177. 
 
n 
 
 48 
 
 p. OVIDII NAS0NI8 PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 103. vocdbant Chaos] The name Jarms was thought 
 by some to be connected with ;taiV£tv * to yawn.* It 
 has been suggested by the present editor (Praef. ad 
 Prom. Vinct. p. xx.) that it is connected with iatveiv, 
 *to warm/ * cheer.* 
 
 105. restcmt] <S.emain to complete the number of 
 four elements.' By ignis the bright ether is meant, 
 which is always to be distinguished from oeV, the 
 atmosphere. Lucret. v. 498, *inde mare, inde aer, 
 mde aether ignifer ipse.' Hence in 109, *altum flam- 
 mc petit.' Humboldt, Cosmos, vol. iii. p. 34: *As 
 the elements of the ancients signify not so much diver- 
 sity, or even simplicity or indecomposibility of sub- 
 stance as states of matter, the idea of the upper ether 
 (the fiery celestial atmosphere) had its root in the first 
 and normal antitheses of "heavy" and "light," 
 "under" and "upper," "earth" and " fire." ° Be- 
 tween these two extremes are two " middle elementary 
 states ;" water, more nearly akin to the heavy earth ; 
 and air, nearer to the light fire.' By this doctrine the 
 meaning of ' propior locus,' sc. flammae, ' aera cepit,' 
 is made clear. Lucret. v. 458 : 
 
 *ideo per rara foramina terrae 
 Partibus erumpens primus se sustulit aether 
 Ignifer, et multos secum levis abstulit ignes.* 
 
 Hence the notion of Prometheus bringing fire from 
 heaven. The ether was the vast and inexhaustible 
 magazine of that commodicv. so essAnfifll +n fiia lif^ .>* 
 man. 
 
 107. ut 8emel--domos] < When once this mass fell 
 
 J 
 
the 
 aer. 
 
 J 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 49 
 
 to pieces through the strife of its parts, and dissolving, 
 went away into new dwellings.* 
 
 108. massa] This word, from jud^^a a lump of 
 dough, implies something of which the component 
 parts are so thoroughly amalgamated that separation 
 is no longer possible. It is often used of hot iron 
 {jiix!dpoS)y and Virgil has * atrae massam picis,' Georg. 
 i. 275. It is well applied to the chaotic mass while its 
 parts, though separable, were intimately blended. 
 
 110. terra frettmque] Whatever is meant by the 
 obscure expression in the Mosaic account of the crea- 
 tion, * the waters were above the firmament,* we are 
 struck by its resemblance to the views of cosmogony 
 here given, principally, perhaps, from the Ionic philo- 
 sophy. The solid earth settled down lowest, then the 
 sea : while the lighter elements remained aloft, — like 
 strata of sediment from muddy water containing par- 
 ticles of different gravity. 
 
 112. redii] *i. q. ivi. Compounds in re are fre- 
 quently u&3d for the simples.' Keightley, A more 
 satisfactory view is that of Mr. Long on Caesar. B. G. 
 iii. 17: •>ei;ocare is not only to "recall," or '* with- 
 draw from a thing," but to " draw a man into a new 
 or fresh direction," to a thing which is not his usual 
 or proper object.' See the note on vi. 535, infra,— It 
 has been already remarked (63) that Janus is the sun- 
 god. We here find him identified with the earth, or 
 rather universe, ander his attribute of opener or 
 originator of created things. He associates his own 
 figure with that of the earth in rather a confused way. 
 
50 
 
 ■f 
 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. L 
 
 J 
 
 But the principle is the same as that by which Juno 
 was both moon and earth (supra 55). We must not 
 forget that the ancients regarded the earth as the great 
 centre of all things, and the sun as quite secondary in 
 importance. See Virg. Eel. vi. 31—38. 
 
 114] < quod est ante et quod est post ideipi in me 
 videtur/ * His front and back were the same, as all 
 had been when he was Chaos.* Keightley, 
 
 115. causa altera^ This is given in ver. 135. In 
 the meantime he explains Ws office of Janitor in 
 heaven and earth.-4*« noris, ut noscas. This tense is 
 necessarily employed for the present subjunctive in 
 defective verbs like worn, memini, &c., and Keiajhtley 
 M wrong in translating ' so that you will know/ So 
 in Juven. vii. 231, the parent is said to exact from the 
 teacher ' ut legat historias, auctores noverit omnes.' 
 116. nons] For noveris, perf. subj. of nosco. 
 
 120. vertendi cardmis] Of turning the earth on its 
 axis : see vi. 271 ; or perhaps of turning round the 
 heavens {TtoXoi). So infra, 'Ter sine perpetuo caelum 
 versetur in axe.' 
 
 121. Gum libuit] This by way of an example of his 
 power. • He represents his temple as being the abode 
 of Peace and War, who dwelt in it alternately. It is 
 •hut, to keep War confined ; but when it is open, and 
 War is at Uberty, Peace remains within.' Keightley. 
 Hor. Epist. ii. 1. 255, 'Claustraque custodem pacis 
 cohibentia Janum.* Tnf 9ri Ti,n «*^^««^i.1 i: ^^ 
 
 Virgil, Aen. vii. 601-614, should be read along with 
 the present p-.ssage. See inf. 267 .--perpetuus, like con- 
 
J 
 
 N0TE8. 
 
 61 
 
 fe^i 
 
 tinuuB, is used indiscriminately of time, and place or 
 position, and properly means what is uninterrupted by 
 intervals (per and peto). Neither of these words con- 
 tains any notion of what is unlimited, like our ' per- 
 petual ' and ' continua i. e., they do not signify what 
 has no end, but only what has no break so long as it 
 lasts.— tjtoe perpetuas are therefore the paths of peace, 
 unbroken by war so long as she was abroad, and he was 
 shut up. Applied to things, we have * trabes perpetuae 
 in longitudinem.' Csesar, B. G. vii. 23, and ' perpetuae 
 mensae,' Aen. vii. 176 ; 'perpetui tergum bovis,' ih. 
 viii. 183 ; * continui montes, nisi dissocientur opaca 
 Valle,^ Hor. Epist. i. 16. 6. 
 
 127. Inde] It is not clear whether he means from 
 janua, implied in foribus (125), or from eo quasi * Eanus,' 
 the derivation given by Cio. de Nat. Deorum.— ^6wm. 
 It was called jcmual, according to Festus, quoted by 
 Gierig. 
 
 129. Hdehis] From this we may infer that the terms 
 used by the Lex sacrificus (ii. 21) were ahnost obsolete, 
 and sounded barbarous to the educated and Grecised 
 Roman ears. Compare inf. 632. Patulcius is for 
 patul-icim. Compare patuhis, and Elidus, iii. 328. 
 
 132. diversas vices] <The alternation of opposite 
 duties,' Ficcs means 'the laws of succession,' i. e., the 
 law wMoh determines that some one thing shall always 
 foUow another, whether as a natural consequence, or an 
 -.^ir,-i-.i^ijr «*-vij ^oviiiwiiw iii uui/ioo uy Duf UB. Irropertius 
 has 'miseras vices,' 'punishment for causing unhap- 
 piness,' and Horace 'vices superbae,' 'retribution for 
 
52 p. OVIDII NASONIS PA8T0RUM LIB. I. 
 
 I' ' 
 
 li'r 
 
 pride,' Od. L 28, 32. Diversua is properly said of «v 
 direction, adversus of a point which is opposite to th«^ 
 speaker. Thus Eurydice, when she leaves Orpheus, 
 and returns to Hades, 'fugit diversa,' Georg. iv. 500. 
 Compare Aen. viL 132. 150 ; xi. 261. More rarely it is 
 transferred to quality, like contrarius. Varius implies 
 divergency, or slight difference. Inf. v. 5. * diversae 
 causae ' answers to our use, < diverse (i.e., several dis- 
 tinct) reasons ;* while * varii dies ' (sup. 45) are days 
 having degrees or gradations of difference from each 
 other. 
 
 135.] To understand this passage aright the student 
 should refer to Becker's Excursus on the Roman houses, 
 Gallus, p. 237, seqq. The janua, or street door, opened 
 into a space a little retiring from the street, called 
 vestibuhim : whence Virgil says that a palm-tree should 
 overshadow the vestibulum of the bee-hive, Georg. iv. 
 20. Varro, L. L. vii. § 81, 'vestibulum, quod est ante 
 domum.' Sea inf. vi 303. Behind the janua was a 
 cellafor the porter (janitor), precisely where it is placed 
 near college gates to this day. It afforded access either 
 at onca or through a small hall or inner portico, ostium, 
 to the principal saloon, atrium (still represented by 
 the patio or inner court of Spanish houses). Beyond 
 this was the cavum aedium or private family apart- 
 ment, opening into bed-rooms, and other smaller rooms 
 at the sides. Both of those apartments, in accordance 
 with a primitive eastern construction, had a hole in 
 the roof, or rather, were only partially roofed in. In 
 the atrium, this aperture was designed at first to let 
 
NOTES. 
 
 53 
 
 iid of A 
 
 i to th€» 
 
 'rpheus, 
 iv. 600. 
 •ely it is 
 implies 
 iiversae 
 ral dis- 
 re days 
 m each 
 
 student 
 houses^ 
 opened 
 
 called 
 should 
 org. iv. 
 st ante 
 
 was a 
 placed 
 i either 
 ostiumf 
 bed by 
 beyond 
 apart- 
 rooms 
 rdance 
 ■ole in 
 n. In 
 i to let 
 
 out the smoke of the fire kindled below it, on the 
 principle of the gipsy's hut, or the louvre ^lantern) 
 above the brazier in a college hall. Hence atrium has 
 been plausibly derived from ater, as fieXadpov from 
 /^fi'Aa?, though others with equal probability deduce it 
 from (yiQpiovy mh dio. Close to the iireplace (focus) 
 stood the Penates and the tutelary or family Lar, to 
 which Ovid here aUudes, though it does not follow 
 from his words, as Becker thinks, that it was close to 
 the door ; only thafc it was opposite to it. In his time, 
 however, a different arrangement had become general, 
 at least in the larger houses, the images of the Lar, 
 &c., being kept in a separate sacellum or *lararium,' 
 which seems to have boon opened only once a month 
 Propert. v. (iv.) 3. 54). Tibullus. i. 10. 19, 'paupere 
 cultu stabat in exigua lij^neus aede deus.' Where aede 
 may mean larario, or to be used for aedibus, I e. domo. 
 The focus was then transferred to another apartment 
 for culinary purposes only (inf. vi. 302, * qui tamen in 
 primis aedibus ant^ fuit '). This is the * novus ritiw ' 
 of the atrium mentioned by Horace, Od. iii. 1. 45. In 
 Ovid's house, however, the old arrangement was pre- 
 served ; for he says (Trist. i. 3. 43) of his wife :— 
 
 * lUa etiam ante Lares passis prostrata capillis 
 Contigit extinctos ore tremente focos.' 
 
 The exact position of the focus in the old atrium 
 cannot be determined. 
 
 i4ia. Uecates'} Greek genitive of Hec&te, 
 1416.] tres and ternas are emphatic, and contrasted 
 with Una in 144 : «If Hecate looks in three directions 
 
54 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I, 
 
 i!: 
 
 * 'i 
 
 at once, why should not I look in two V This god- 
 dess, the infernal representative of Imna, and called 
 'Trivia,' from the Greek trpiodoi, used to stand, like 
 the Hermae, in the streets of Greek towns (Varro L. 
 L. vii. § 6), and perhaps generally where three ways 
 met. A dog was sacrificed to her, inf. 389, either 
 because dogs bay at the moon, and were thought to 
 announce her presence (Theocr. ii. 35), or in her charac- 
 ter as the huntress Diana. It is a natural impulse to 
 erect some kind of pillar or statue at the intersection 
 of cross-roads. In this case three heads, a horse, a lion, 
 and a dog were so sculptured as to present a different 
 appearance at each point of divergence. Pausanias, 
 ii. 30. 2, 'AXxajuevrfS Se, h^oi donelv, 7tp(STo<;y 
 dydX^aroL "ExdrvS rpia kitoitfde 7tpo6ex6^Bva 
 aXXrfXoi^y fjv \A9rfvaloi naXovdiv ^EniTtvpyidiav, 
 
 142. Servet—^iasl * That she may watch the cross- 
 roads, cut into three ways.* 
 
 145. et vultu—fassus erat] * And with his coun- 
 tenance confessed that he would- not be churlish with 
 me, if I would inquire further.* 
 
 152. palmite] ' Palmes ' is the new shoot formed in 
 the spring, from which the grape-blossom (gemma) is 
 protruded. Cf. iii. 238, ' vividaque e tenero palmite 
 gemma tumet.' It appears to be the same as ' sarmen- 
 tum.* Cic. de Senect. 15, § 53, * Itaque ineunte vere 
 in iis quae relicta sunt existit tanquam ad articulos 
 aarmentorum ea quae gemma dicitur, a qua oriens uva 
 fle ostendit.' The go ts, which are fond of vine-leaves, 
 
 ■^ 
 
 I 
 
his god- 
 d called 
 md, like 
 'arro L. 
 ee ways 
 I, either 
 )ught to 
 • charac- 
 pulse to 
 rsection 
 I, a lion, 
 different 
 usanias, 
 
 Xojusva 
 
 le cross- 
 
 s coun- 
 sh with 
 
 rmed in 
 nma) is 
 palmite 
 jarmen- 
 te vere 
 rticulos 
 Bns uva 
 -leaves, 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 55 
 
 
 used to eat the palmiteSf and so diminish the crop. 
 Inf. 354. Seeiv. 128. Virg. Eel. vii. 48, 'jam laeto 
 turgent in palmite gemmae. * 
 
 153. opcritiir frondibus] Another reading is amici- 
 tur vitibus/ which is less appropriate, for the mention 
 of the vines has just been made, though Gierig has 
 adopted it for that very reason. Operitur points to 
 that ancient idea of leaves which regarded them as 
 * little scales ;' iov foliuw, is ipoXiov, the diminutive of 
 q)oXis, contracted into (pvXXov. — herha, as, frequently, 
 is the blade of com. 
 
 155. prodit — solum] *And the seed-shoot presses 
 up to the surface of the ground.* 
 
 160. hmc—fuit] * This should of right ^a called 
 the beginning of the year.' 
 
 161. multis] Sc. verUs. 
 
 163.] The answer, it will be observed, in fact assigns 
 no reason at all ; for the assumption that the sun 
 begins a new course after the winter solstice is both 
 arbitrary and fanciful. But the Romans were ac- 
 customed to reckon thus, perhaps from remote tradition. 
 Varro, L. L. vi. § 8, * Tempus a bruma ad brumam 
 dum sol redit, vocatur annus, quod ut parvl circuit 
 anulif sic magni dicebantur circites aui, unde anmis/ 
 Lucretius, i. 312, has, ' multis solis retleuniibus annis,' 
 i. e. * many circles of the sun.* Plutarch, Quaest. 
 Rom. § 19, xaQoXov uiv yap oid^e'r e6ti qjtdei ra5y 
 i^ Hh Xco nepi<pepo,uivQov ovr soxoltov ohre TCpc^" 
 rovy rojuQi) d^dXXfjr aXXoi rot Xf-f^-'yov Xa/ipocvov* 
 6iv dpxw* 
 
56 
 
 P, OVIDII NAS0NI8 PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 It i. 
 
 51 
 
 V. 
 
 i 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 ■I 
 
 1636. Jrwrno — solis] 'The winter solstice is the 
 first of the new and last of the old year.' 
 
 165. litihm'] Here used in the technical sense, and 
 to be distinguished from lite in ver. 73. The meaning 
 is, that a mere semblance of business was allowed on 
 New Year's day, lest it should be a bad omen to begin 
 with idleness. This was called omspicari. See Tac. 
 Ann. iv, 36, where Lipsius refers to Suet. Ner. §§7 
 and 46. 
 
 167. commisi] * Mandavi,* 'oonstitui.' — auspicio, 'die 
 auspicali.' 
 
 169. oh idem] i. e. ' ob eandem causam,' sc. ominis 
 gratia. There is another reading obiter. — dilibat means, 
 Hakes a taste of.' See ii. 653. Suetonius, Oct. § 
 57, 'delibante tantummodo eo summarum acervos, 
 neque ex quoquam plus denario auferente.' — nee plus 
 quam testificatur must be taken together : * He does no 
 more than afford evidence of his usual employment.' — 
 as if a cobbler were to stand at his door and set a dozen 
 stitches to a shoe, and then close his shop for the day. 
 
 171. quamvis placem] 'Though the primary object 
 is to pray to some other god.' This custom is readily 
 explained hy Janus's prerogative as the initiator and 
 beginner of everything (112). 
 
 172. tura] ' Tus' or 'thus' is the Roman form of 
 Bvo?, The hard dental was preferred to th except in 
 
 
 atrum, thesaurus. 
 176, 176.] This passage shows the antiquity of the 
 
 rM 
 
 6 
 
die 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 67 
 
 ^ 
 
 custom of ' wishing a happy new year.* The addition 
 of some trifling gift (185 — 189) is more generally ob- 
 served on the continent than with us. See also on ii. 
 617. 
 
 178. omina — sohnt] Of. the proverb, ' Well begun, 
 half done.' 
 
 179. Ad primam vocem] The Greek doctrine of 
 $rjlj,at and xXr^Sovs? resembled this. See on Prom. 
 Vinct. 494. In much the same way the Homans drew 
 omens from greetings, as ' salve/ or from lucky names, 
 such as Yalens, Salvius. See Cic. de Div. i. 45. Tac. 
 Hist. iv. 24. 53. 
 
 181. templa patenf] so. illodie, Janifesto. — caducas, 
 irritas. — pondus hahent Vain prayers were said to be 
 carried away by the wind. 
 
 184. tetigi] There is no connection between the 
 reply of Janus and the question which follows. He 
 means therefore * contiuuavi orationem,' sc. nuUam 
 moram interposui quin statim quaererem. 
 
 185. palma] Probably the date, * caryota,' which 
 was gilded and sent for a new year's gift. Martial, 
 Ep. viii. 33. 11 :— 
 
 'Hoc linitur sputo Jani caryota Kalendis, 
 Quam fert cum parvo Bordidus asse chens.* 
 
 lb. xiii. 27 :— 
 
 ' Aurea porrigitur Jani caryota Kalendis ; 
 Sed tamen hoc munus pauperis esse solet.' 
 
 It was of no value, b it merely a symbolical gift. 
 
 1«1__ /T»__j.--_ - 
 
 sg^s 
 
 Presents w6io oont on the 
 
 Saturnalia, Mart. iv. 88. 1 ; on birthdays, ib. viii. 38. 
 
68 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 
 15 
 
 fr 
 
 P' 
 
 h 
 
 I ■ 
 
 ■mi 
 In 
 
 14 ; and on the Matronalia, or first of March (the first 
 of the cyclic year), TibulL iii. 1. 3 : — 
 
 ( Martis Romani festae venere Kalendae : 
 
 Exoriens nostris hie fuit annus avis. 
 Et vaga nunc certa discurrunt undique pompa 
 Perque vias orbis munera perque donios ' 
 
 186. niveo cado] A jar of white terra cotta. 
 
 187. seqiKitur] *Sequi * is properly * to keep up with* 
 * to attend, rather than *to go behind.* XeiTtsdOat, 
 It has (in other words) the notion of following without 
 losing ground. They gave sweetmeats as an omen, 
 that the* sweets of life might predominate over the 
 bitter throughout the year. 
 
 188. dulcis] This word connected with yXvHi!?, 
 always means 'sweet to the taste,* * sugary ;* while 
 suavis {i^dvi) ia 'agreeable to the senses,' applied to 
 sound!?, fragrance, &c. 
 
 189. Stipis] Small brass coins were given (the 'par- 
 vus as ' of Martial, ut sup.) on this day, called strenae, 
 either alone or in conjunction with other trifles. The 
 oriffin of the word and its connexion with ^trenuus is 
 
 o 
 
 not very clear. See Varronianus, p. 114. drprfvyi 
 seems to mean ' coarse and rough,' and the word was 
 not inaptly applied to the old coinage. Tho Frencli 
 Hrenne preserves a record both of the word and the 
 custom. Tho emperors themselves did not disdain to 
 receive thia dole, perhaps to patronize a popular cus- 
 tom. The notion was, that to take money on new- 
 year*8 day would insure a supply during the year, just 
 as some say that it is lucky to hear the first cuckoo 
 with money in your pocket. Sueton. Oct, § 57 : 
 
 3*i 
 
 ii 
 
NOTM. 
 
 69 
 
 he first 
 
 p with* 
 
 ithout 
 omen, 
 er the 
 
 while 
 ied to 
 
 3 'par- 
 trenaey 
 The 
 nuus is 
 
 rd was 
 i^rencli 
 id the 
 Lain to 
 kr cus- 
 i new- 
 ir, just 
 cuckoo 
 § 57: 
 
 h 
 
 'Omnes ordines in laoum Curtii quotannis ex voto 
 pro salute ejus stipem jaciebant : item Kalendis Jan- 
 uariis strenam in DapitoliO; etiam absenti.' I&. § 91 : 
 ex nocturro visu etiam stipem quotannis die certo 
 emendicabat a populo, <iavam manum asses porrigen- 
 tibus praebens.* lb. Oalig. § 42 • ^edixit et strenas 
 ineunte anno se recepturum ; atetitque in vestibulo 
 aedium Kalendis Januariis ad captandas stipes, qiias 
 plenis ante eum manibus ao sinu omais generis turba 
 fundebat* The etymology of stips, whence stipendiunij 
 is rather uncertain. Varro, L. L. v. § 182, writes : 
 * nam quod asses librales pondo erant, qui acceperant 
 majorem numerum non in area ponebant, sed in aliqua 
 cella stipabant, id est componebant, quo minus loci 
 occuparet : ab stipendio stipem dicere coeperunt* He 
 adds, as an afterthought perhaps, ^ stvps ab drot/3i) 
 forta«se, Graeco verbo.* Stipxre and dret'^etv are in 
 faot the same words. 
 
 191. fallunt] kavQdvovdt' 6b. * How little you 
 understand the spirit of the age, i.e. the prevalent love 
 of money, if you think the honey stands first, the coin 
 only second as an oflfering I ' 
 
 193. Saturno regncmte] In the golden age. 
 
 196. swmmMs] * At its height. ' 
 
 196. vix — habef^ * It has scarcely a point beyond, 
 to which it can proceed. * 
 
 197. pluris] Gen. of price. 
 
 199. casd] On the * casa Komuli ' see note on 
 
 M kept up in its oviuixi^ stab€ 
 
 ir'ropeii*. V. i. 0, i.1* was iit^p 
 
 ■b'w, 
 
 or according to some traditional standard, till a late 
 
60 
 
 p. OTIDII NAS0NI8 FASTOBUH Lia I. 
 
 ili 
 
 ti i ' 
 
 era of the empire, though its site seems to have been 
 more than onoe changed. Virg. Aen. viii. 654. 
 
 201. vix totua atahat] The temple was hardly large 
 enough to contain the statue. Gierig makes stabat 
 imply a standins; as opposed to a sitting posture. 
 Compare Martial's amusing account of his little farm, 
 xi 18. 10 :— 
 
 ' In quo nee cucumis Jacere reotui, 
 Nee serpens habitare tota possit.' 
 
 Ovid probably had in view the similar verses oi 
 Propertius, v. (iv.) 1. 6 :— 
 
 * Fictilibus erevere dels haec anrea templa, 
 Nee f uit opprobrio facta sine arte casa ; ' 
 
 and t&. 7t * Tarpeiusque pater nuda de rupe tonabat,' 
 viz. where the temple of Jupiter Tonans was after- 
 wards erected. 
 
 207. praetor] This was the ancient military title of 
 the consul. Varro, L. L. v. § 87 : * in re militari 
 praetor dictus, qui praeiret exercitui.* There is another 
 reading, comul. In either case Cincinnatus is alluded 
 to. On jura dabat see sup. 37. The praeter urbanus 
 was said jus dare or dicere in a very different sense. — 
 lamifM. * Nempe Ooniol. Rufinum, bis Cons, et Dic- 
 tatura functum, Fabricius Censor A. u. 478 senatu 
 movit, quod decern pondo libras facti argenti haberet. 
 Gellius, N. A. iv. 8 , xvii. 21.' Gierig. 
 212. cum] *AVhcrcas' or 'although.* 
 214. vitiis] *■ Luxuria' and ' avaritia ;* which thrive 
 by a aaitiuii relation and dependence, though appa- 
 rently contrary. 
 
NOTES. 
 
 61 
 
 I 
 
 215. ab 'nda] ' Ab ' is sometimes added with neu- 
 ter verbs, and even with active, when the cause rather 
 than the instrument is implied. So Propert. iv. (iii.) 
 2. 19 : ' at non ingenio quaesitum nomen ab aevo 
 Excidet. * Tibull. i. 6. 3 : * turbo, Quern celer assueta 
 versat ab arte puer.' For the simile of the dropsy 
 compare Hor. Od. ii. 2. 13. 
 
 217. In pretio pretium] 'Pecunia aestimatur.* 
 Gierig, 
 
 218. jacet] Hetrat, surgere nequit. 
 
 219. Tu tamen] *And yet you, an if the matter 
 were not obvious, ask whether,* &c. This refers to v. 
 191. — curqiie, &c., * and also why the old form of coin 
 is preferred as an offering.' He means that the latter 
 point was a distinct, question. — nostras manna, Thii 
 seems to mean that some stipa was put into the hands 
 of Janus on this day. He can hardly be supposed to 
 identify himself with the citizens, when he might so 
 easily have said vestras. Perhaps this was done by 
 way of a beginning, as sup. 172. 
 
 222. moneta] This word, whence our * money,* 
 properly signifies the Mint, which derived its name 
 from being close to the temple of Juno Moneta. Inf. 
 638. 
 
 223. templa Aurea] This alludes to the temple of 
 Janus dedicated by Tiberius in 770, and consequently 
 the passage must have been inserted in the second 
 edition or revision of the poem. Tac. Ann. ii. 49 ; 
 *i»dem temporibus deum aedes vetustate aut igni 
 aboJitas coeptasque ab Augusto dedicavit^ — et Jano 
 

 62 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS FASTORUM LIB, I 
 
 templum, quod apud fonim Olitorium Gains Duiliiiw 
 struxerat, qui primus rem Romanam pvospere geL i^ 
 triumphumque navalem de Poenis menierat' The 
 completion and adornment of this temple would pro- 
 bably have been in progress in the preceding year 
 See on ver. 3, sup. Inf. 257. 
 
 229. navalis forma] An engraving of an as, pie- 
 aerved in the British Museum, and bearing the two- 
 faced Janus on one side and the prow of a ship on the 
 other, is given in the Dictionary of Antiq. (in v. as.) 
 Plut. Quaest. Rom. §41 : Std ri to iiakat'>v voj^id/iOi 
 Ttrj juiv eix^v 'lavov diTtpodooTtov einova, Ttv ds 
 TtXoiov TtftvjLivav iyHexocpayjueyr^y; itorepov ((ik 
 oi TtoXXoi Xeyovdtr) eni rijup Kpovov icXoixu) (5:«t- 
 7tEpd6avTo^ bH *lTaXiav ; He adds another explana- 
 tion, that whereas good laws and plenty of means are 
 the chief blessings in a city, the one was due to Janus ^ 
 the other to the river which conveyed supplies. 
 
 231.] He replies first to the question about the two 
 heads. In imagine is the reading of good MSS., and 
 seems to give a better sense. Merkel has ut, which 
 implies some ellipse : * That you might recognize me 
 by the double image (as you would still do on the old 
 coins), did not age render the impression indistinct.* 
 
 232. ipsa dies'] * Time itself.' 
 
 234. falcifer deus] Saturn, or Kronos, or Time, was 
 represented with a scythe. 
 
 238. Latium^ Dr. Donaldson has shown (Varroni- 
 anusy pp. 6 and 61) that the words Latium, Laviniuiii, 
 Latinus (Latvinus), the ancient * Latuinians,' and the 
 
 J 
 
NOTES. 
 
 C3 
 
 »? 
 
 was 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 modem * Lithuanians,' are all different forms of the 
 same word, signifying ^f reed-men.' Virgil gives the 
 absurd derivation from latere, Aen. viii. 321, seqq. :— 
 
 * Is genus indocile ac diepersiun montibus altis 
 Composuit, legesque dedit, Latiumque vocari 
 Maluit, his quoniam latuisset tutus in oris.* 
 
 239. in aere] on the brass coin. Cf. 229. 
 
 241. laevum latus] The Roman side of the Tiber 
 was ' sinistra ripa,' Hor. Od. i. 2. 15 ; consequently 
 the left side of Etnria, in which Janiculum stands, is 
 that across the water. 
 
 243. diva] The subject, as Gierig observes, was a 
 favourite one with the Roman poets ; and the fact 
 seems attested by such names as Esquiliae (aesculus), 
 Querquetulanus,Viminalis. See on Propert. v. (iv.) 8.1. 
 
 244. tantaqiie-erat] * And so great a state [as Rome] 
 was a pasture-ground for a few oxen.* 
 
 2^5. cultrix] *Incolens montem.' Gierig. It may 
 also mean * cultui meo dedita.' Cf. 395. The idea is, 
 that Janiculum, quasi Ja/nicolum, comes from Janum 
 cohre. So Aequiculu8 and Aeqnicolus. 
 
 249a. J\istitiam'\ So Met. i. 150 : * ultima caelestum 
 terras Astraea reliquit. ' It was a common saying of 
 the ancients, that Justice was the last of the celestials 
 to leave the earth. The 'golden age' was an age of 
 primitive simplicity, which is often accompanied with 
 the practice of natural virtues, and corresponding 
 happiness. 'When a rude people,' says Dr. Arnold 
 (Hist, of Rome, i. p. 436), * have lost somewhat olt 
 their ferocity, and have not yet acquired the vices of 
 
64 
 
 p. OYIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 a later stage of civilization, their character really ex- 
 hibits much that is noble and excellent, and both in its 
 good and bad points it so captivates the imagination, 
 that it has always been regarded by the writers of a 
 more advanced state of society with an admiration even 
 beyond its merits.* With the increase of the vices 
 attendant on civilization evils began to multiply (sup. 
 195) ; but it was long before respect for the rights of a 
 neighbour (which isjustitia) became wholly obliterated 
 and lost. This is in fact one of the first and most 
 deeply rooted of all principles, inasmuch as the very 
 existence of society, before the institution of coercive 
 laws, depends upon it. 
 
 2496. fugarat] For f ugaverat. 
 251. Pro metu pudor] *Pudor' is * self-respect,* 
 « honour,' which is always jomed with respect for others. 
 The Greek philosophers considered aidodi xai deoi in- 
 separable : * consedere simul Pudor et Metus ;' so also 
 Hesiod joins Aidodi uai NefXB6t^, 0pp. 198. But there 
 was another view, that virtue should be practised for 
 its own sake, not from fear of punishment. See Hor. 
 Epist. i. 16. 52 :— 
 
 • Tu nihil admittes in te formidine poenae ; 
 Oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore.' 
 
 Propert. V. (iv.) 11. 48 : 'ne possem melior judicis 
 esse mctu.' 
 
 253. cum hello] Sc. * tunc non erant bella quibus 
 interessera.' Compare sup. 121. 
 
 257. tot Jani] Any archway or close thoroughfare 
 
 L^' 
 
NOTES. 
 
 65 
 
 % 
 
 was called * a Janus ;* but in one place only was there 
 a statue of the god, viz. in the temple between the 
 Forum Romanum and Forum Julium. But even this, 
 properly speaking, was not so much a temple as a 
 portico or grand gateway, aflPbrding communication 
 between the two. Hence Varro, L. L. v. § 165 : * Janu- 
 alis (porta) dicta a Jano : et ideo ibi positum Jani 
 signum et jus institutum a Pompilio, ut scribit in 
 Annalibus Piso, ut sit aperta semper, nisi quom bellum 
 sit nusquam.' To this statue Virgil alludes, Aen. vii. 
 610 : *nec custos absistit limine Janus.' When the 
 great gates were closed, it is probable that a wicket or 
 side-door allowed the people to pass through. It was 
 known as the temple of Janus Bifrons or Geminus, 
 and was built by Numa (Livy, i. 19) ' ad infimum 
 Argiletum,' i. e. the part between the southern horn 
 of the Quirinal and the Forum Romanum, or, in the 
 other direction, between the Capitol and the Subura. 
 This must be distinguished from the temple of Dui- 
 liuSj supra 223. Merkel, p. cclxiii: * Probabile est 
 Ovidium, cum primum ver. 257 scriberet, uuuni tantum 
 Jani sacellum, sive templum, inter duo fora novisse, 
 et ver. 277 ad hoc retulisse veterum ritum claudendi 
 et aperiendi, prout etiaiii, paulo aliter f ortasse, i. e. fecit 
 Varro, 5. 165.' He appears to consider the temple 
 built by Numa as the same spoken of in ii. 201, and 
 distinct from this ; whereas K ightley (Excursus i. p. 
 226) identifies them. Mr. Maclean e on Hor. p. 496 
 (school edition), seems to agree with Merkel. The 
 subject is full of doubts and difficulties. 
 
66 
 
 p. OVIDU NASONIS PA8T0RUM LIB. I. 
 
 U 
 
 1'5 
 
 
 H s 
 
 260. Oehalii] Titus Tatius, king of the Sabines, is 
 called Oehalius from some legend, probably derived 
 from Magna Graecia, that the Sabines had Spartan 
 bl*od in their veins. 
 
 262. arcis iter] is Hhe way up to the Capitol.* To 
 this path, which Propertius minutely describes as a 
 concealed and thorny track, Tarpeia is said to have 
 led the Sabines ; the truth being that the C'apitoline 
 hill was a Sabine settlement from the first. See Prop. 
 V. (iv.) 4. 48, &c. Keightley has an idea, but surely a 
 wrong one, that * iter * signifies * the level of the 
 Capitol at the head of the clivus.' 
 
 263. Inde] * a summa arce.' He means that the 
 regular pathways from the Capitol to the Forum 
 Romanum and F. Boarium did not exist, though the 
 slope was the same. Merkel gives per font with the 
 best MSS., and explains it of the F. Romanum and 
 the F. Piscatorium, immediately under the Carinae, to 
 the east (p. cxx). 
 
 265. portam] From the context, this would seem to 
 mean the gate of the arx, and the gush of water to be 
 that which Propertius describes as running down the' 
 slope. But it rather means, ' The Sabines had now 
 reached the gateway in the Forum, which has been left 
 open, when,* «fec. — Dempserat, because the seroL was a 
 bar placed across the door, and wholly removed when 
 it was opened, as may still be seen in old churches and 
 castles. Juno is said to have done this, because she 
 was hostile to the Trojugenae. 
 
 267. numine] It was the rule for one god never to 
 
 ^W 
 
 / 
 
 'i^- 
 
 :% 
 
NOTES. 
 
 67 
 
 / 
 
 interfere directly with the designs of another, though 
 he might thwart them. — cum means * with.' Arnold, 
 Hist. R. i. p. 9. gives the legend thus: 'As the 
 Sabines were rushing in, behold there burst forth 
 from the temple of Janus, which was near the gate, 
 a mighty stream of water, and it swept away the 
 Sabines, and saved' the city. For this it was ordered 
 tllat the temple of Janus should stand ever open in 
 time of war, that the god might be ever ready, as on 
 this day, to go out and give his aid to the people of 
 Romulus.' From this event the temple or gateway 
 was called Lautolae, Varro, L. L. v. § 156 : * Lautolae 
 a lavando, quod ibi ad Janum Geminum aquae caldae 
 fuerunt.' Nor need we doubt that some truth lies 
 at the bottom of this story, as in that of the Lacus 
 Curtius, vi. 403, for the site and neighbourhood of 
 Rome are volcanic, and ancient outbreaks of this kind 
 might have been speculated on apart from history or 
 tradition. See Humboldt, Aspects of Nature, ii. p* 
 219. — meae artis, sc. that of opening. 
 
 273. cujus—loco est] * When, after the repulse of the 
 Sabines, the good quality of this was perceived, the 
 form, which it had, was restored, to the place [now] 
 secure.' Another reading is quaequefuit 
 
 274. tuto hco] i.e., a me servato. The meaning is 
 not quite plain : * The site was afterwards left clear 
 and unoccupied, and a temple and altar erected to my 
 
 
 r/^«./% ••f^'rw^i-jTtrv^l +V»r»+ •« + 
 
 t;vi.O X 
 
 
 wi vixav t,v 
 
 *"*b 
 
 
 be consecrated to me. 
 276. strue] Keightley quotes Festus in v. : Genera 
 
GS 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTOBUM LIB. I. 
 
 ,rti 
 
 rtt 
 
 n 
 
 ; 
 I . 
 
 ■ 5 n 1 - 
 
 liborum sunt, digitorum conjunctorum non dissimilia, 
 qui superjecta panicula in transversum continentur.' 
 Suisflammis, meaning, of course, those of the altar. 
 Merkel conjectures ferta, for Festus and Paul the 
 Deacon speak of both atrues and fertum as two kinds of 
 liha offered together, 
 
 281. posdt] sc. Pax. See on 121, sup. —Coesareo 
 nomine J i.e. sub imperio Tiberii. He prophesies thus 
 niucli of the new reign, deriving an omen from the 
 victory gained by Germanicus over the Germans. 
 Augusts a, it is well-known, had closed the temple of 
 Janus three times. See Hor. Od. iv. 15. 9. Sueton. 
 Oct. § 22 : * Janum Quirinum, semel atque iterum a 
 condita urbe ante memoriam suam clusum, in multo 
 breviore temporis spatio, terra marique pace parta, ter 
 clusit.' 
 
 283. diversa] i. e. before and behind. See supra, 
 132.— ycs^rt triumpM, i. e. Germanicus and Tiberius. 
 The triumph here mentioned was celebrated in 770, 
 but had been decreed two years before, so that the 
 poet speaks of it prospectively. See Tac. Ann. ii. 41 : 
 *Gaio Caecilio, Lucio Pomponio Consulibus, Germa- 
 nicus Caesar ante diem septimum Kalendas Julias 
 triumphavit de Cheruscis Chattisque et Angrivariis, 
 quaeque aliae nationes usque ad Albim colunt. Vecta 
 spolia, captivi, simulacra montium, fluminum, proe- 
 liorum • bellumque, quia confioere prohibitus erat, pro 
 conffccto accipiebatur. This ©ipiains ver. 286. The 
 Rhine was actually represented in the spectacle. See 
 Ep. ex. Pont. ii. 1. 39, where it h described ; and as 
 
NOTES. 
 
 69 
 
 w 
 
 the poet was in exile at the time, the programme had 
 probably been published before : * Fluminaque et 
 montes, et in altis pascua silvis.' So we must literally 
 ^inderstand Propert. ii. 1. 31 : — 
 
 * Aut canerem — 
 
 Nilum, cum tractus in urbem 
 
 Septera captivis debilis ibataquis.' 
 
 287. aeternos] May the house of Caesar never fail. 
 Auctor is Tiberius, and by suum opus the poet perhaps 
 humours the emperor's jealousy of Germanicus, to 
 whom the peace was really due. 
 
 291.] In an island (Isola)^ near the mouth of the 
 Tiber, stood two temples or sacella, dedicated to Aes- 
 culapius and Jupiter, or, as Merkel thinks, p. cxxiv., 
 to Vedjovis (iii. 443). Besides these there was a tem 
 pie to Faunus, ii. 194. Keightley suspects, ixomjuncta 
 sunt in 294, that the two former stood close together. 
 That of Aesculapius was dedicated in or about the 
 year 460 (Livy, x. fin.) that of Jupiter in 560 (ibid. 
 xxxiv. 53). See Met. xv. 739 : 
 
 * Scinditur in gerainas partes circurafluus amnis ; 
 Insula nomen habet, laterumque a parte duorum 
 Porrigit aequales media tellure lacertoa. 
 Hue 86 de Latia pinu Phoebeius anguis 
 Contulit ; et finem, specie eaeleste resumpta, 
 Luctibus imposuit, venitque salutifer urbi.' 
 
 296. promissi mei] See sup. 2. The following 
 verses to 311 are an introduction to the astronomical 
 part of his work, as 45—62 explained the general 
 principles of the festivals. The Roman poets often 
 express their aspirations for a knowledge of nature, 
 in which they seem to have been conscious of their 
 
 F 
 
 m 
 
70 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 n.i 
 
 i 
 
 1. • 
 
 liU 
 
 \\\ 
 
 inferiority to the Greeks. Ovid describes the first 
 astronomers as exalted far above all sublunary things, 
 and as having climbed to heaven more effectually than 
 did the giants of old by piling Ossa on Olympus. 
 
 297. felices—primis] * Happy spirits, ^^nose care it 
 was first to learn these things!' 
 
 299. credihile ca/put] ' It is worthy of belief that 
 they raised their heads as well abov^ ihe vices as above 
 
 the abodes of men.* 
 
 305. Admovere] A word more applicable to our 
 telescopes than to the mere unaided science which 
 brought the motions of the planets within human ken 
 — supposuere * subjected.* 
 
 307. non utferat] * Non vero ea ratione ut,' &c. 
 
 309. ducibusillis] The early prof essors.—metabimwr, 
 < we will gauge the heaven * (to use a modern term). 
 The word is, however, taken from the division of the 
 sky into templa or regiones by the augur's lituus, not 
 from castrametation, as Keightley Uiinks, misled by 
 signa. The latter are the Zodiacal signs, which appear 
 to rise or set, and so are in a sense vaga ; and the 
 meaning is, ' we will assign their proper days to cer- 
 tain celestial signs.' Sims has often the sense of pro- 
 priusia the Fasti. Gierig reads data signa, 'fixed 
 
 stars.* Cf. 660. 
 31 1. ^rgo] i.e. to proceed at once to the promised 
 
 observations. 
 
 315. Institerint Nonae] ' Should the Nones be at 
 hand.* So ii. 453, ' orta dies fuerit.* We can hardly 
 say in such cases that si or cum is to be supplied. A 
 
 ii 
 
K0TE3. 
 
 71 
 
 J first 
 hlngs, 
 Y than 
 
 • 
 
 }are it 
 
 if that 
 i above 
 
 so our 
 which 
 m ken 
 
 &c. 
 
 himurf 
 term), 
 of the 
 IS, not 
 led by 
 appear 
 id the 
 to cer- 
 of pro- 
 'fixed 
 
 omised 
 
 B be at 
 
 hardly 
 
 Led. A 
 
 hypothetical event is assumed as prospectively realized, 
 and a consequence deduced from it. There is a 
 slightly diflferent usage in iv. 487 ; v. 113. JVlerkel 
 gives, * Institerint imbres missi tlbi nubibus atris ; 
 Nonae signa dabunt,* &c., which is the reading of 
 most MSS., with some minor variations. Yet the order 
 in the text seems far more probable in itself. It was 
 the rain which gave signs of the Nones, not the Nones 
 of the rain, for signa are visible marks. Signa dahunt 
 may also mean * ostendent se.' 
 
 319. succincHs minister'] Compare iv. 413. We 
 have *succinti popae' in Propert. v. (iv.) 3. 62. Sue- 
 tonius says of Caligula, § 32 : * Adinota altaribus 
 victima, succinctus poparum habitu, elato alte malleo, 
 cultrarium mactavit.' It theuce appears that two per- 
 sons were employed to kill (at least the larger) victims, 
 one of whom felled the animal, the other cut the 
 throat. Ovid either speaks of one or the same minister 
 in * quo feriente,' and ^tincturus cultros,' or ferire must 
 be understood of the blow of the knife (see iv. 415), 
 and cadit be taken for mactatur, SuccincUcs refers to 
 the short apron worn round the loins of the popa. 
 
 322. Agonef] 'Am I to strike?' IVlerkel edits 
 agatne, a very inferior reading, but he has recalled 
 agoney in his preface, from one of the best MSS. The 
 indicative is rather unusual, but may have been 
 adapted to the sound of the word. It is more likely 
 that it comes from dyody, whether in the sense of 
 < agony' or the more common one of * an assembly,' 
 Varro, L. L. vi. § 12 : AgonaUs per quos Rex in Regia 
 
72 
 
 p. OVIDIl NASONia PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 ariotem immolat, dicti ab agoncy eo quod interrogatur 
 a principe oiviiatis, et princeps gregis iminolatur.' 
 This account u confused, if not corrupt : the question 
 was put to the Rex sacrificus, not by him ; and the 
 ' princeps gregis ' introduces a totally different etymo- 
 logy, from aysiv or arjprc, Keightley explains strictos 
 cultros 'grasped/ *held in the hand.* But stnngere, 
 cultrum or gladmm. is 'to draw it,' properly * to strip 
 it ; ' for the verb implies the friction caused by passing 
 one thing over another. So *stringere glandes,' *to 
 strip off acorns,' Georg. i. 305 ; * stringere ripas,* said 
 of a river, Aen. viii. 63 ; of a weapon which grazes the 
 skin ; Aen. ix. 377 ; of an idea which leaves an im- 
 pression on the mind, Aen. iv. 294. 
 
 325. Agnalia] The argument is futile ; if this was 
 the true ancient name he would have to account for 
 the insertion of o in the latter form. Conversely, the 
 case might really have been so. 
 
 327. praevisos in aqua] Of. Met. xv. 134 ; victima— 
 percussa sanguine cultros Inficit in liquida praevisos 
 forsitan unda.' Animals have an instinctive presenti- 
 ment that they are going to be killed, which was 
 wrongly attributed to the reflection of the knife in the 
 vessel of lustral water which stood near the altar. — 
 metUf * the agony of fright.* 
 
 331. Agonia] The wtird is recorded by Festufl, 
 *hostiam antiqui Agoniam vocabant,* but not by 
 Varro. It does not sound like a genuine Italian term. 
 
 334. conjuge ovis] Like * olentis uxores mariti,' said 
 of goats, Hor. Od. i. 17. 7 : — Eex Sacrorwm, inf. ii. 
 
 O 
 
 1 I 
 
NOTES. 
 
 va 
 
 I 
 
 21. The meaning of debet is, that no victim but the 
 goat is allowed. This leads to a long digression on 
 the different kinds of victims offered to :he gods ^337 
 —456). Formerly, he says, neither incense nor bloody 
 sacrifices were in use ; only meal and salt. Men lived 
 simply, and had no foreign luxuries. This was one of 
 the fabled beatitudes of the golden age. Virg. Georg. 
 ii. 536 ;— 
 
 * Ante etiam sceptinm Dictaei regis, et ante 
 Impia quam caesis yens est opulata juvcncis. 
 Aureus lianc vitem in terris iSaturnus agebat.* 
 
 342. fila croci] Sup. 76. 
 
 343. herhis i<ahi7iis] <Savine' (Juniperus Sabina). 
 Like vervain (381), it was a sacred plant, for some un- 
 known reason. Perhaps it was first used in philtres, 
 as it has strong medicinal properties, then in incanta- 
 ti ms, lastly for religious purposes . —lauruSj &c. See 
 sup. 76. 
 
 347. 2^^i''cmsi tauri] See on ver. 319. .^perit viscera 
 is said of cutting up tie victim, which was done ijn- 
 mediately (Met. xv. 130), and probably by the same 
 cidter which had killed it. 
 
 349. Prima] He shows that the first sacrifice of an 
 aniii.al arose from a desire to get rid of it as injurious 
 and by way of punishment, rather th n from any ap- 
 petite for blood. This holds of the sow and the goat. 
 For the slaughter of oxen and sheep other reasons are 
 
 flsfliomorl ^inf ^C\} aartn \ -P^i*. fKof ^f +l,r» 1. . + */%•,. "U.-.,,,^ 
 
 ever, not a very Ufferent one, v. 381. 
 354. debueras austinuisse} Accurate Latinity requires 
 
ii : 
 
 HI 
 
 I* 
 
 IS 
 
 74 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 dehneras or dehehas abstinere. But in the poets the 
 perfect infinitive of the one verb and the phiperfect 
 of the other are often combined. Herod, xii. 4 : 
 
 * debuerant fuses evoluisse ineos.' Trist. iii. 13. 4 : 
 
 * debueras illis imposuisse manum. ' TibiiU. iii. nit. : 
 debueram sertis implicuisae comas.' Similarly inf. iii, 
 480, * potui dedoluisse.'— Varro (L. L. v. § 97), ' capra, 
 carpa, a quo scriptum omnicarpae caprae.* On palmes 
 see sup. 152. The goats not only eat the young shoots, 
 but they nibble the bark from the stems, which is 
 alluded to in the next verse. Martial, iii. 24. 1. 
 
 ' Vite nocens rosa stabat moriturus ad aras Hire us, 
 Bacche, tuis victima grata sacris.* Virg. Georg. ii. 
 374 :- 
 
 Frisfora nee tantum 
 
 Quantum illi nocuere greges, clurique venenitm 
 beutis, et admorso signata in stirpe cicatrix. 
 Non aliam ob culpam Baccho caper omnibus arts 
 Caeditur.' 
 
 The Romans did not know that a tree cannot live 
 when the continuity of circulation has been inter- 
 rupted in the bark. Hence they fancied that the mis- 
 chief was really caused by the poison of the bite. 
 
 359. noxae deditus] i. e. ad poenam traditus. It 
 appears to be a law term. 
 
 363. Arisiaeus] This acccant is in a great measure 
 borrowed I'rom Virgil, Georg. iv. 315, where there are 
 some slight variations in the narrative. 
 
 379. putri] The word properly means ' soft,* 
 * crumbling,' or ' not cohering,' and is opposed to len- 
 <its, * sticky,' * tough.' Hence it expresses the soften 
 
 ^ 
 
NOTES. 
 
 76 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 ing of decomposition. But 'putrid' is a secondary 
 and not a common meaning. It is of course an impos- 
 sibility that bees should really be so produced. Eithei 
 the maggots were mistaken for the grubs of bees, or a 
 nest of bees found in a dry carcase gave rise to the 
 idea that they had been spontaneously generated 
 there. 
 
 381.] The common reading is poscit ovem fatum^ 
 which Keightley retains. The best MSS. give pcmcit 
 oi;is |?ra<o (thus Merkel), or i^ra^wm. There seems no 
 objection to the latter : * the field feeds the sheep,* 
 while pascit for pascitur is at least unusual. Cf. Hor. 
 Carm. i. 31. 15, 'mepascunt olivae, Me cichorea leves- 
 que malvae.' — verbenas. See on 343. Keightley says, 
 * the legend here alluded to is not noticed by any other 
 writer.' There is no legend to notice. Sheep wore 
 fond of the plant, and were slaughtered for eating it. 
 It is said that verbena means any plant or shrub used 
 for sacred purposes. 
 
 384.] The epithets are not otio»e : — * when even the 
 wool-bearing sheep and farm- tilling steer do not escape, 
 what animal can expect safety V 
 
 385. Persis] Ilspdii aia, Aesch. Pers. 252. (The 
 name Persia is said not to be classical.) Keightley 
 thinks Ovid had in view Herod, i. 216, who says of 
 the Massagetae, Oedor jnovvov *'HXiov de/Sovrai, rep 
 Otovdi iititovi. vojuoi de ovroi rtfi OvdirfS' rav 
 Oec^y T(o Tayi'droa leai/roov rmv OvnTcSv to rdyid' 
 Toy SareoyTai. Hyper iona, the sun ; the Persian 
 Mithrasu In Homer it is an epithet of //Xtoi, c vTtepiaCv, 
 
(a 
 
 \li 
 
 \£ 
 
 I fi" 
 
 
 76 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS iJ^STORUM LIB. I. 
 
 or rather an adjective formed from the particijile. 
 Hesiod makes the Sun to have been born from Hype- 
 rion and Theia, Theog. 371 — 4. A feminine Hyprii- 
 onis occurs in v. 159. 
 
 387. triplici Dianae] See on 141. Here the Greek 
 Artemis is meant. — pro nulla virgine, * quamquam non, 
 ut olim, pro virgine.' Gierig. 
 
 389. Triviae] Trivia or Hecate (sup. 141) was a 
 really Thracian, i. e. Pelasgic, goddess, end in this pas- 
 sage is rightly distinguished from Diana. The Sf.]>aei 
 were a Thracian nation, Herod, vii. 110. — vidi means 
 that he had been an eye-witness to the fact; for he 
 landed in Thrace when first sent into banishment. 
 Trist. i. 10. 23. Pausanias, iii. 14. 9, says that the 
 Spartan youths sacrificed a dog to Enyalius, and that 
 no other Greeks used this victim except the Oolopho- 
 nians, who ofTered it to Hecate. 
 
 391. custodi ruris] Priapus. 
 
 392. pudendal Sc. ipsi. 
 
 394. tertia hruma] He means the rflistrfftide?, or 
 feasts which recurred after an interval of two years, 
 and in the season of the year which was during the 
 months nearest the shortest day. It does not appear 
 that any one of the four Dionysia is meant. 
 
 397. Panes] UavidHot, counterparts of the god 
 Pan, whose connection with satyrs and revellers made 
 him a tit associate for Bacchus. — Silenus^ inf. iii. 750. 
 
 398. deae] The Naiad and Dryad nymphs. To the 
 former class the name Lotis [AooriS) belongs, from th<s 
 water-lotus {Nymphaea Lotus), 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
NOTES. 
 
 77 
 
 4 
 
 « 
 
 I 
 
 399, pando] Curved in the back. Virg. Georg, ii. 
 194, *lancibu3 et pandis fumantia reddimus exta.* 
 Ibid. 445, ' pandas ratibus posuere carinas.' See inf. 
 iii. 749. 
 
 403. vina dahat] For the god used to make wine 
 issue from the ground for the use of his votaries. See 
 iii. 785. 
 
 404. large] There is another reading paixe. Either 
 large agehat or parce miscendas gives a satisfactory sense. 
 
 407. tunicam collecta] Not ' tucked up as to her 
 tunic,* but * having her tunic tucked up.' The idiom 
 rtppears to represent the Greek 6v6rstXa)ii£V7j rov 
 XiT^va, or 6vve6raX^ivr}, The Greek perfect pas- 
 sive participle often has this middle sense ; and its 
 great elegance and convenience tempted the Roman 
 poets to imitate it. The following are examples : inf. 
 vi. 507 : •' dissimulata deam. ' Virg. Georg. iii. 307 : 
 ' Tyrios incocta rubores.' 16 iv. 337: * caesariem 
 effusae nitidam.* Eel. i. 55 . * florem depasta salicti.' 
 Ih. iii. 106 : *flores inscripti nomina regum,* like 
 SeXrov eyyeypafij^iii'Yfv |i>v077/iara,Soph.Trach.l58. 
 Aen. vii. 503. : 'palmis percussa lacertos. Ih. x. 157: 
 
 * rostro Phrygios subjuncta leones.' Hor. Ep. i. 1. 56 : 
 
 * suspensi loculos. ' Propert, i. 3. 11 : * sensus depor- 
 ditus omnes,' dtecpeap/uevoi raS (ppevaS, lb. 34 : 
 *fixa cubitum.' Ih. i. 5. 8 : *nixa caput.' Ih. iii. 7. 
 24 : * f usa brachia. ' This remark does not necessarily 
 apply to pectm aperta in the pentameter. There are 
 many participles which have passed completely into 
 ordinary adjectives, like acutusj tutuSf rectus, beatuSy&o. 
 
1: I 
 
 78 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 Ibid, mitrntrat] It was the custom for fair girls to 
 serve at banq lets. Theognis, v. 995, xepvt/3a 5' 
 at^a OvpaZe cpdpoi (STEtpavwuaroc 5' si'Sm EdeiSni 
 paStvmi Xip6i Adnatva nop^ 
 
 m exserit] As Greek dresses are described, we 
 must thmk of the xtroiv or xtroort^no, rather than of 
 the Roman turnca, which however was derived from it. 
 The former was fastened over the shoulders by oUsps, 
 so that If one side was left loose, the shoulder would 
 protrude : dissuto sinu cannot easily be understood 
 unless we suppose that it was laced up in front,-m- 
 temMnt means that it was not tied round the waist 
 with the ^ona, which so held up the long ^eroi^ tha 
 a part of it was overlapped, and hung from it in folds 
 or tucks. 
 
 410. vin^ula nulla] Their feet were not encumbered 
 with sandals or shoes, but their legs were bare below 
 the knee. 
 
 411. Hinc] Sc. from their negligent attire.-3«i pinu. 
 &c., I.e. Pan. ' 
 
 414. mquitia esq He means that in all but lust he 
 was an old man. NequiUa is a synonym of libido, 
 
 sitiTs '^^"^ *° '""'"'' '**^'' *'*'*" P'^P^"- 
 
 415. Aorimm dem] His figure was indecently re- 
 presented and placed in gardens. Georg iv. 110. 
 
 ' Et custos funim atque .avium cum falce saliirna 
 Hellespontiaci servet tutcla Priapi.' '*"«"» 
 
 H A VCrika TKrr\r\a 
 
 See inf. 440. 
 
 ^ii^puu ciD Lampsacus on the HeJlesD 
 
 VI. 341—345. Martial 
 
 ont 
 
 tells of an im 
 
 i 
 
 B 
 
NOTES. 
 
 79 
 
 girls to 
 'if3a d' 
 'veiSr)s 
 
 Bd, we 
 
 bhan of 
 rorn it. 
 clasps, 
 would 
 jrstood 
 ;, — ves- 
 > waist 
 V tha 
 i folds 
 
 abered 
 below 
 
 '' pinu, 
 
 list he 
 libido, 
 ropen- 
 
 ly re- 
 
 ipont 
 
 1 im 
 
 ^ 
 
 4 
 
 pudent thief, who, finding nothing else to steal in a 
 garden, stole the tutelary Priapus, vi. 72. — rubers 
 * rubicundus,' vi. 319, compared with 333. 
 
 416. Lotide captus] The preposition is omitted for 
 obvious reasons^ though generally added with persons. 
 He was not * taken by,' but 'captivated mlthy' Lotis. 
 In other words, Lotis is not the agent, but the object. 
 See on ii. 85. 
 
 418. notis] This was a species of 'nequitia,' well 
 known to the Romans in their mixed banquets of both 
 sexes. Sometimes they wrote on the tabit> certain 
 private marks. Tibull. i. 2. 21 : — 
 
 * Ilia viro coram nutu8 conferre loquaces, 
 Blandaque compositis abdere verba notis.' 
 
 Ibid. I 6, 19 :— 
 
 * Neu te decipiat nutu, digitisque liquorera 
 Ne trahat, et mansae ducat in orbe notas.' 
 
 Trist. ii. 1. 454 ; * et tacitam mensae ducit in oibe 
 notam.' At other times they made signs with their 
 fingers, &c. 
 
 419. Fastns] This is often used of contempt shown 
 to a lover's addresses. Propert. i. 1. 3 ; where see 
 note. 
 
 429. librahat] 'balanced,' as those do who walk on 
 tip-toe. 
 
 440. Hellespontiaco] Catullus, xviii. : 
 
 * Huno luoum tibi dedico, consecroque, Priape, 
 Qua domus tiia Larapaaci est, quaque silva, Priape; 
 
 Heilespontia, ceteris ostreosior oris.' 
 
 Ovid, Trist, ii. 10. 26 : ' et te ruricola, Lampsace, tuta 
 -'eo.' 
 
80 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 441a. Intactae] The argument is resumed from v. 
 301 ; ' birds also are slain as victims to certain duties.*' 
 
 4416. intactae fueratis aves] ' Ye were [as yet! un- 
 touched, O birds !* 
 
 446. 7nentes] * Purposes.' 
 
 U7a tamen] Some anticipated objection is implied: 
 (Quod ut temere dictum vide^tur,) non tameM plane 
 falsum est, nam/ &c. See sup. i5,~^dis proxima, sc. 
 ut quaeque altius volat. The nearer they we^e to 
 heaven the more closely they were acquainted vath the 
 conversation of the gods, whijh they were thought to 
 communicate by voice {osoines ; whence omenfovosci- 
 men, Varro L. L. vi. § 76), or by fiight (praepetes). 
 
 4476. nam ut-^notas] * For as each is nearest the 
 gods, ye give forth true hints, now by your flight, now 
 hy your voices. ' 
 
 450. indicissui] ' Of their betrayer.' 
 
 452. Idaliis focis] The dove was offered to Venus 
 Propeit V. (iv.)5, 65:— 
 
 ' ^^nhT. !if ^"^*^,«' Venus O re-ina, colurnbae 
 Ob mentum ante tuos guttura secta focos. ' 
 
 453. anser] The goose was sacred to lo, or Isis, and 
 Osiris. Juv. vi. 540 : ^ansere magno Scilicet et tenui 
 popano corruptus Osiris.' Keightley refers to Pausan. 
 JL 32. 9, who says that the rich used to sacrifice to Isis 
 (m Phocis),oxen and stags, but the poor only geese and 
 guinea fowls. --lauta aUudes to the fondness of the 
 Romans for the liver of the goose as a dainty morceau. 
 ^uv. V. 114, ' anseris ante ipsum magni jeciir, anseribua 
 par Altihs, &c,^lances is used instead of aras, as if the 
 
 
^OTES. 
 
 SI 
 
 r 
 
 from V. 
 duties.' 
 'et] un- 
 
 mplied: 
 n plane 
 'may 3C. 
 ^'e^e to 
 ith the 
 ught to 
 or osci' 
 s). 
 
 est the 
 it, no^.^ 
 
 ^enus. 
 
 is, and 
 tenui 
 lusan. 
 ko Isis 
 36 and 
 :)f the 
 rceau, 
 eribiis 
 if the 
 
 I 
 
 goddess was to be regaled with the delicacy rather than 
 propitiated by the sacrifice. The story of the geese 
 awaking the guards in the Capitol when nearly sur- 
 prised by the Gauls is well known ; see the fine passage, 
 Aen. viii. 655. seqq. 
 
 459. medio discrimine] The division is quite arbi- 
 trary, and does not coincide with hrumay the shortest 
 day. The commencement of spring was dated from 
 Feb. 9. 
 
 462. Arcadiae deae] Carmenta or Carmentis, the 
 mother of Evander, and called dea as one of the Car- 
 men-^ '^. (On the participial form, like sementisy see Var- 
 ronlanuSf p. 298). Both names are connected with 
 carmen : see inf. 632. Varro, L. L. vii. § 26 : ' Gas- 
 menarum priscum vocfibulum itanatum ac scrip turn est ; 
 alibi Carmenae ab eadem origine sunt declinatae. In 
 multis verbis, in quo antiqui dicebant s postea dictum 
 r. — Quare est Casmena Carmena, ut carmina, carmen, 
 r extrito Camena factum. * A similar change is Camilla 
 from Gasmilaj which is said to be a Pelasgic word, 
 Virg. Aen. xi. 543. If a real person, Evander was a 
 Pelasgian. See Heyne on Aen. viii. 51. The Car- 
 mental gate at Rome derived its name from an altar 
 erected near the spot to this prophetess. Virg. Aen, 
 viii. ?,V :— 
 
 • — — progressns (Evander), monstrat et aram, 
 Et Carmen talera Romano nomine portam, 
 Quam memorant Nymphae priscum Carmentis honorera 
 Vatis fatidicae ;' &c. 
 
 463. Tumi soror^ The tiymph Juturna, Aen= 
 xii. 138, seqq. ; inf. 708. Her temple was in the 
 
 
( 
 
 82 
 
 p. OVinil NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 i I, 
 
 M 
 
 Campus Martius, and was erected by LutatiusCatulus; 
 but the spring or spa so called was in the Forum. 
 Perhaps the name is a corruption of 'diutuma' or 
 * jugiturna' (jugis), i.e., * perennis aqua.* But it was 
 usually derived from juvare, as by Varro, L. L. v. § 71. 
 4u4. Virginea aqua] * The aqua Virgo brought by 
 Agrippa through aqueducts from a marshy place eight 
 miles from Rome on the Collatine road, for the supply 
 of his thermae. It was conducted below the gardens 
 of LucuUus, which were on the Pincian hill, and so 
 compassed the Campus Martius. It still supplies the 
 beautiful Fontana Trevi. Its name, Frontinus (de 
 Aquaed. 10) says, was owing to its springs having been 
 pointed out by a maiden ; but it more probably came 
 from the supposed purity of its waters.' Keightley. 
 Martial, xi. 47. 6, * corpus perfundit gelida Virgine ; ' 
 cf. ihid. V. 20. 9, and vi. 42. 18. Trist. iii. 12. 22, 
 *defes8os^tus Virgine tingit aqua.' Ep. ex Pont. i. 
 8. 38, * stagnaque et Euripi Virgineusque liquor.* 
 (It is difficult in some places to say whether virgo may 
 not be a general epithet, like * virgo charta,' Mart. i. 
 67. 7. 
 
 466. dirigat quis] * Who can direct ? * Subj. because no 
 i^tisfactory answer is expected. 
 
 469. Orta prior luna] This absurd legend seems to 
 liave arisen from a misapprehension of TtpodeXr/voi, an 
 Arcadian word. Etymol. Mag. in v. TtpovdeXXeiv 
 Xiyov6t TO t^ptZeiv uai oi *Af3HaSs? eTtetd?) Xoidofjr/- 
 Ttxot Bidt, Other grammarians, quoted by Hermann 
 on From. Vinct. 439, repeat the statement, — Arcade 
 He was the son of Callisto. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ill ^ 
 
NOTES. 
 
 83 
 
 atulus; 
 rorum. 
 •na' or 
 i it was 
 V. § 71. 
 ?ht by 
 3 eight 
 supply 
 ardeiis 
 and so 
 ies the 
 us (de 
 g been 
 ' came 
 'ghtley. 
 fine ; ' 
 2. 22, 
 ont. i. 
 iquor.' 
 '0 may- 
 art, i. 
 
 tuse no 
 
 ms to 
 01, an 
 Weiv 
 
 rniann 
 ircade 
 
 471. clams utroque] His father was Mercury, who 
 was worshipped with special honours by the Arcadians. 
 See Aen. viii. 138. 
 
 4r5. dixeraf] ' She had predicted that she and her 
 son would have to fly ; and the event proved her to 
 be right. ' It is not necessary to supply est with nacta, 
 which refers not to the time when she spoke it, but to 
 that of the poet, who knew that it had been realized. 
 ' Dixerat, et tempore factum erat, ut crederetur ei, 
 cum nonnuUa ex praedictis jam evenissent.' 
 
 482. deo\ The ablative absolute. — urhe for ex %irbe, 
 as the Greeks say dtGDKed9ai TtoXeooi. Aesch. Cho. 
 281. 
 
 483. numinis iram] In this Ovid alludes to his own 
 banishment, as inf. 540. 
 
 485. Conscia] As a man feels his guilt or innocence, 
 so he either despairs or hopes. He was said to have 
 killed his father accidentally. 
 
 487. nee tamen -passus] ' Nor yet mourn as if thou 
 wert the first to sufler such ills.' 
 
 488. Obruit] The perfect tQnae.—procella, so, mal- 
 orum exilii. 
 
 490. Aonia] Boeotia, the country of the Muses, 
 called Aonides, Cf. Eurip. Phoen. 640 : KaSjuo? 
 hioXe ravde yav^ov HaToiHi6at neSia vtv to 946- 
 cpocrov Ttvftocpoft Aovoov exprf (MSS. TtvpocpQ^a 
 86/iOLV 8Xf)Tf6e.) 
 
 493. Otnne solum] This fine sentiment is from the 
 well-known fragment of Euripides :— 
 
 aTtada 8s x^^y dvdpi yervaim narpii. 
 
84 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 .H i 
 
 uB 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 495. tamen] See on 45, sup. The sense is, *neo 
 tempestas, quamquara saepe furit, toto tamen anno 
 horret.' Compare Propert. ii. 4. 9 :— 
 
 * Quippe ubi nee causas, nee apertos eernimus ictus, 
 Unde tamen reniant tot mala, caeca via est ; ' 
 
 and ih, 5. 5, * inveniam tamen e multis fallacibus 
 unam/i.e. 'quamvis pleraeque sint fallaces, tamen/ 
 &c. For the sentiment of. Hor. Od. ii. 9. 1, ' non sem- 
 per imbres nubibus hispidos Manant in agros. Keight- 
 ley adds, Theoer. iv. 44, ^a? Ze/ii aXKoxa fiev neXei 
 aiOftio?, aXXoxa 8^ vet, 
 
 501. Tarenti] Very little is known of this place, 
 which seems to have been a plot of low ground in the 
 Campus Martins, occasionally overflowed by the river. 
 An altar of Dis existed on- the spot, said to be con- 
 cealed, perhaps by the alluvial deposits. Martial, i. 
 70, 2, writes *Tarentos,' as also in iv. 1. 8, according 
 to the best MSS., but * Terento' in x. 63. 3. Varro, in 
 a corrupt passage, L. L. vi. § 24, mentions Tarentum in 
 connection with certain sacrifices to the Dii Manes. 
 Merkel (p. cxlvii.) quotes Servius on Aen. viii. 63, 
 '(Tiberis,)in aliqua etiam urbis parte Tarentum dicitur, 
 eo quod ripas terat.* 
 
 504. Continuit manum] As if to stop the ship, Oj. 
 bring it ashore, in her eagerness to land. The pro- 
 phecy of Carmentis is a fine and wild strain : and like 
 that of Anchises at the clo«e of Aen. vi., is ingenuously 
 turned into a glorification of the reigning empervjr. 
 
 505 dextram.] To one ascending the river, Rome 
 waB on iYiQ right bank. See sup. on 241. — pmea iexta, 
 the deck, or perliaps generally for navim. 
 
 
NOTES. 
 
 85 
 
 is, *neo 
 )n anno 
 
 kllacibuB 
 tarn en/ 
 on sem- 
 Keight- 
 y TteXst 
 
 s place, 
 I in the 
 e river, 
 be con" 
 rtial, i. 
 icording 
 arro, in 
 itum in 
 Manes, 
 iii. 63, 
 iicitur, 
 
 ihip, Oj. 
 he pro- 
 nd like 
 n ion sly 
 
 » Rome 
 % iextat 
 
 507. neve manu] ' And hardly, hardly was she kept 
 by the hand of Evander, from leaping out in her eager- 
 ness to stand upon the shore.' 
 
 509, 510. dii^deos] She greets the indigenous gods 
 already there, and foretells the addition of others, such 
 %s Vesta from Troy, and Romulus and the Caesars. 
 
 513. Este visi] The imperative is used, as not un- 
 Tequently in the Greek tragedies, for the optative. 
 The sense, indeed, is nearly equivalent to salvete, fa- 
 vetcj &c. 
 
 517. olim] In the present tense, promittitur, futurity 
 is clearly implied. Not that olwiy which is the vocative 
 of ole for ilUy properly means anything more than 
 that time,' where the speaker is supposed to point 
 either before or behind. It corresponds to note, and 
 often means ^some day,' aliquando, as in Hor. Od. iv. 
 4. 5. On the prophecy see vi. 359. Virg. Aen. 
 viii. 340. 
 
 519. jam tangent] * Jam' is used even with a future 
 tense when an event is impending, and so already all 
 but realized, as Pers. ii. 50, *jam dabitur, jamjam.' 
 Aeneas arrived but a few years later than Evander. 
 Virgil describes their interview in Aen. yiil—femma, 
 Lavinia, the daughter ©f Latinus, who was sought in 
 marriage by both Turn us and Aeneas. 
 
 521. funesta arma] Pallas, the son of Evander, was 
 slain by Tumus, while fighting on the side of Aenes 5, 
 but was avenged by the latter when he killed Tumus. 
 It is evident that in all this the poet had the Aeneid 
 in mind. 
 G 
 
 
 114. 
 
86 
 
 p. OVIDII NA80NIB PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 P 
 
 524. lata ruina] The fall of Troy will evidently 
 bring about the fall of Greece, because that nation will 
 be subjugated in its turn to Rome, built, is it were, on 
 the ruins of Troy. Propert, v. (iv.) 1. 53 :— 
 
 ♦ Vertite equum Danai, male v incitis. Ilia tellus 
 Vivet, et huic cineri Juppiter arma dabit.' 
 
 625. Neptunia Pergama] Neptune was engaged by 
 Laomedon, father of Priam, to build the walla of Troy. 
 
 526. Num m.inus, Ac] ' Nihilo tamen minus ex illo 
 cinere imperium orietur, totum terrarum orbem occu- 
 
 pans.' Gierig. 
 
 527. sacra altera] In apposition with patrem. 
 
 528. Iliacos deos] This soems to mean the Palladium 
 (vi. 422), which, though not brought to Rome with the 
 Penates by Aeneas, was kept in the Temple of Vesta. 
 Some have thought from Tac. Ann. xv. 41, ' delubrum 
 Vestae cum Penatibus populi Romani exustum,' that 
 the Penates also were kept there ; but Ritter shows 
 that the writer means * cum delubro Penatium,' from 
 Varro, L. L. v. § 64.— patrem afferet is not more accu- 
 rate, since Anchises died before he reached Italy. 
 
 629. Idem] This is applicable either to Julius or 
 Augustus Caesar, in their capacity of Pontif ex Maximus. 
 The latter transferred the custody of the sacred fire, on 
 which the destinies of the empire were said to depend, 
 to his own house on the Palatine, iv. 949.— ipso deo, 
 Augustus, now dead, but a dem even when alive, 
 according to the extravagant assertions of Roman flat- 
 terers, 
 
 633. Tiberius, the adopted son of Augustus, and 
 
 L 
 
 w 
 
■■ 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 87 
 
 idently 
 ion will 
 ere, on 
 
 iged by 
 >f Troy. 
 i ex illo 
 n occu- 
 
 iladium 
 rith the 
 Vesta. 
 liibrum 
 OQ,' that 
 : shows 
 a/ from 
 re accu- 
 
 ilius or 
 aximiis. 
 fire, on 
 iepend, 
 pso deOf 
 11 alive, 
 lan flat- 
 
 ;us, and 
 
 P 
 
 therefore grandson of Julius, affected hesitation to 
 accept the nerous duties of the empire. ' ac. mn. i. 
 11, *V lo ad Tiberium preces. Xt ille varie 
 
 disserebat, de magnitudine imperii, sua modcbaa. 
 Solan I divi Augusti mentem tantae .nolis capacem ; se 
 i partem curarum ab illo vocatum expeneudo didicisse 
 quam arduum, quam subjectum fortunae regendi cuncta 
 onus.* Epist. ex Punt. iv. 13. 27 : — 
 
 * Fsae parem vlrtute patri, qui frena coactus 
 .jaope recutiuti ceperit imperii.' 
 
 This passage, 531 -53( was added on the revision 
 of the poem. Foi Livia, wife of Augustus, was 
 not called Julia anu AngusU till after the will of 
 the lal Emperor had been read. Tac. Ann. i. 8, 
 * Nihil primo senatus die agi passus nisi de supremia 
 Augusti ; cujus testamentum. inlatum per virgines 
 Vestae, Tiberium et Livium haeredes habuit. Livii in 
 familiam Juliam nomenque Augustae adsumetatur. * 
 She was net deified till the reign of Claudius. Suet. 
 Claud. § 11, * Aviae Liviae divinos honores — decernen- 
 doe curavit. ' 
 
 537. Talihus, &c. ] * When by ^uch sayings she came ' 
 down to present times, her prophetic tongue stopped 
 short at (i.e., when it had got to) the middle of her 
 speech.* This is a Greek idiom *t'j end at a subject.* 
 
 540. exilium] This is said feelingly, as he revised 
 the poem in his exile at Tomi. 
 
 543. Erythetdas] Erythea was on the south-west 
 
 coast of Snain. nrohal^lv Mia air»all rkPm'nanla o" wTiioTi 
 
 Cadiz stands. The arrival of both Evander and Her- 
 
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 6^ 
 
88 
 
 p. OVIDII NAS0NI8 PASTOBUM LIB. 1, 
 
 cules was a ready way of accounting for certain Greek 
 rites and names which were really due either to the 
 Greek colonies in the south of Italy, the Sicilian Greeks, 
 or the Pelasgic immigrants of very early times. The 
 Romans of the empire laboured not only to idei.tify 
 themselves with the Greeks, but to make out a plausible 
 story for every characteristic they possessed in common 
 with that nation. Their religion, as Merkel well 
 observes, p. lii., was essentially historical ; they took 
 nothing without knowing, or trying to know, whence it 
 came. In the present narrative Ovid must have had 
 Virgil, Aen. viii. 190, &c., and Propertius v. 9, in his 
 view, and perhaps also Ennius. Hercules, having 
 brought from the west the hsrds of Geryon, is enter- 
 tained by Evander at his new town on the Palatine. 
 
 550.] This verse occurs with little diflference in 
 Prop. V. 9. 12, and Martial, v. 65. 6. This idea was 
 probably borrowed from the Homeric hymn to Mer- 
 cury. It was not that he found no footmarks, but 
 that those which were there only perplexed him, as 
 leading in the wrong direction. The legend of Cacus, 
 so evidently connected with Vulcan and volcanic fires 
 (inf. 573), perhaps records some ancient outbreak in 
 the Campanian Solfatara or Phlegraean plains, de- 
 structive {Hauov) to herds which had recently been 
 placed there. See Merkel, p. ccxxxvii. 
 
 553. pro corpore] Hard rd ddojua:, 'in proportion 
 to his stature.' 
 
 559. Servata male] The sense is, Harcules was 
 eroinsr awav minus his two bulls- wii«n the bfillowino- 
 
 ^ 
 
 (mm 
 
 'V^^Ai'V T7 £.£.£.£ 
 
NOTES. 
 
 89 
 
 ^ 
 
 (Mi 
 
 was 
 
 of the lost animals to the herd as it passed the cave 
 aroused his attention.— acc^2>io revoccmen, like the Greek 
 dexofxai rov oioavovy said when any one acts on a 
 hint dropped or an expression used which can be in- 
 terpreted as an omen. 
 
 565. caelum quoque] ' adeo validi erant,' is implied. 
 Her ix. 17 :— 
 
 V 
 
 * Quod te laturum est, caelum prior Ipse tulisti : 
 Hercule supposito sidera fulsit Atlas.' 
 
 568. suhsedit] i. e. a depression was made. 
 
 574. fulgur] ' Flashes of forked lightning, issuing 
 from the column of ashes, darted in every direction ; 
 and the rolling thunders were distinctly heard, and 
 distinguished from the sounds which proceeded from 
 the interior of the volcano. In no o "^er eruption 
 had the play of the electric forces formed so striking 
 a feature.' Humboldt, describing the einiption of 
 Vesuvius, in 1822. He adds, * This phenomenon is 
 associated in all climates with the close of a volcanic 
 eruption.' Fulgv/r, however, may here mean only 
 'l^^htness,' d^Xai* Lucretius uses 'flammai ful- 
 guH^i. 726. 
 
 576. Occupat] This word, as observed on Propert. 
 V. 10. 14, means * closes with him,* i. e. anticipates 
 the blow before harm caii be inflicted. Keightley 
 quotes Q. Curtius, ix. 1, 'jussit — quatuor admoveri 
 canes, qui celeriter occupaverantferam.' So Propert. 
 V. 4. 84, * nee mora, vocales occupat ense canes. ' So 
 also Metam. xii. 342, ' conantem stipite duro Occupat 
 Alcides.* It is nearly the Greek (p9ayeiv, or 
 
 j 
 
 ,Ji 
 
90 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 •Kiyxdvtt^ . Thus Ovid speaks of his ship outstrip- 
 ping others, Triflt. ii. 10. 6 : ' Nee comites volueri 
 contenta est vincere cursu ; Occupat egressas quam- 
 libet ante rates.' 
 
 581. G(msk%ivjlt 8%h%\ i. e. 'suo ntunini postea col- 
 endo, quanquam adhuc mortalis.' See Propert. v. 
 10. 7. Aen. viii. ut sup. But the present sacrifice of 
 a bull is not to be confounded with the Ara Maxima. 
 It was merely in thanksgiving for the victory.— c?e 
 horn. The Forum Boarium. 
 
 583. JV^ec iau^ The meaning is, that Hercules 
 erected an altar to himself, and Evander knew the 
 reason of it from his mother, who foretold that the 
 time was at hand when the earth should have done 
 with Hercules, and he would become a demigod. 
 
 586. dz(£\ * Postquam et ipsa dea facta est.' 
 
 587. Idifcws] The ides of every month were sacred 
 to Jupiter, sup. 56, where it is said that a full-grown 
 lamb, grandior agna, was offered on that day. It must 
 there be understood as a general term, or rather, as a 
 metrical license, for the sort of victim here defined, 
 viz. a vervex, or castrated animal. Gastus implies the 
 virtuous life of a priest, and certain ceremonial ob- 
 servances which he was bound to keep. See inf. ii. 
 26, and Plut. Quaest. R. § 109.— Ii6a« here means 
 simply * offers. ' See inf. 647. 
 
 589. 'promncia] This concession of the provinces to 
 the senate and people was a change in the original 
 policy of Augustus. At first he considered the patron- 
 age too important to be trusted out of the imperial 
 
 osv 
 
NOTES. 
 
 91 
 
 t 
 
 ^ 
 
 hands. But Merkel (p. Ix.) observes that aU the pro- 
 Tinces never were resigned by Augustus ; and he 
 wo'iid read immumis, i. e. * belli immunis, quieta. * 
 Suet. Oct. § 47, * T>rovincias validiores, et quas 
 annuis magistratuum imperils regi nee facile nee 
 tutum erat, ipse suscepit : ceteras proconsulibus, sor- 
 tito permisit ; et tamen nonnuUas commutavit inter- 
 dum ; atque ex utroque genere plerasque saepius 
 adiit.' This was B. o. 27, when the title of Augustus 
 was conferred upon him — tuus avus. See sup. 3. 
 
 591.] He proceeds to show that out of many honor- 
 ary titles that had been conferred, none ever equalled 
 the dignity of 'Augustus.* — ceras, i. e 'imagines,* 
 waxen masks of ancestors kept in the atria (sup. 135) 
 of the great. They were probably real likenesses taken 
 during life, and painted artistically (Trist. ii. 521.) 
 Wax was used, as being durable and easily moulded 
 into any shape. The figr^res were ranged round the 
 atrium, with the name written under each ; whence 
 perlege in the present passage. Sometimes they were 
 so numerous or so large as to be quite an encumbrance. 
 Martial ii. 90. 6. * atriaque immodicis arctat imagini- 
 bus.* The making of them, as so many were required, 
 must have formed a regular trade. Hence Juven. 
 vii. 237, * Exigite ut mores teneros ceu poUice ducat, 
 Ut siquis cera vultum facit,' Cf. ibid. viii. 2 and 19. 
 Martial vii. 44 : — 
 
 ' Maximus ille tuas, Ovidi, Caesonin? hie est, - 
 Cujus adhuc vultum vivida cera tenet.* 
 
 Hence also any ordinary portrait was called cera, as 
 
 Jl 
 
'■^ s-utiitm m 
 
 92 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 
 Her. xiii. 152. Virgil had these imagines in view, 
 Aen. vii. 177, * Quin etiam veterum effigies ex ordine 
 avorum Antiqua e cedro. ' Further information will 
 be found in Becker's GalluSj p. 512. 
 
 593.] Examples are given of honourable surnames 
 {agnomina) conferred for great public services. The 
 Scipios had the title of Africanus ; Publius Servilius 
 that of Isauricus, from the Isaurae, a Cicilian people 
 conquered by him ; Q. Caecilius Metellus was styled 
 Creticus, for his conquest of Crete, B.o. 66, though he 
 did not take the title till b.c. 62 ; another of the same 
 name, who was consul in 109, was called Numidicus for 
 defeating Jugurtha. M.' Valerius Maximus obtained 
 the title of Messala from Messana in Sicily. Scipio (P. 
 Aemilianus) was called Numantinus from Numantia in 
 Spain. Compare Proper fc. v. 11. 29 : — 
 
 ' Si cui f ama f uit per avita tropaea decori, 
 AIra NumautinoB rej^a loquuntur avof.' 
 
 Martial ii. 2 : — 
 
 * Creta dedit magnum, majus dedit Africa nomen, 
 Scipio quod yictor, quodque Metellus habet.' 
 
 596. notam"] Here for fam>am. More commonly it 
 means opprobrium, as Propert. i. 18. 8, * nunc in amore 
 tuo cogor habere notam.* 
 
 597. Druso] This was the father of Germanicus, 
 and brother of the Emperor Tiberius, and must not be 
 confounded with the Drusus of ver. 12, supra. He 
 was bom shortly after Augustus had married Livia, 
 who had been divorced from Tib. Claudius Nero. It 
 is to his honour that Horace wrote Od. iv. 4, to cele* 
 
 1 
 
 If 
 
NOTES. 
 
 93 
 
 brate his early victories. He died near the Rhine of a 
 fall from his horse, in the year B.C. 9. 
 
 599. Caesar] He appears to mean Julius, as he has 
 been contrasting with others the title of Augustus. — si 
 petatj because in fact he had no agnomen. 
 
 601. Ex uno] From gaining a victory over a single 
 champion, as Manlius Torquatus and Valerius Maximus 
 
 Corvinus. 
 
 603. Maggie] Pompey the Great, who, however, 
 was less great than his conqueror, Julius Caesar. The 
 seuse is, * magnae erant res tuae,' i.e. facta tua. Pom- 
 pey was a man the Romans thoroughly loved and 
 admired ; Julius was a man whom they feared (Juven. 
 X. 109), and Augustus one whom they disliked and 
 flattered. Propertius can hardly restrain his enthu- 
 siasm in speaking of Pompey. 
 
 605. gradics] The commentators have noticed the 
 climax in Magnus, Major, Maximus. The Fabian 
 house obtained the latter title from the Censor Fabius, 
 who in the year B.C. 304 gained great popularity by 
 confining the libertini to the four city tribes. Livy 
 
 ix . 46. 
 
 609. augusta] Whatever be the real origin of this 
 word, which is uncertain, it ift clear that augurium is, 
 at best, but indirectly connected with it ; at least if 
 augur is for aviger (Varronianus, p. 263). Suet. Oct. 
 § 7, ' Praevaluit ut Auga^tus potius vocaretur, non 
 tantum novo sed etifon ampliore cognomine ; quod 
 loca quoque religiosa, et in quibus augurato quid con- 
 secratur, augusfa dicantur, ab auctu vel ab avium gestu 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
94 
 
 p. OVIDIl NAS0NI8 PASTORUM LIB I. 
 
 gustuve, siciit etiam Ennius docet, scribens, Augusto 
 augurio postquam incluta condita Eoma est * Perhaps, 
 as rohustus is from rohos (anciently robors), so aicgustus 
 may be from augwrs, and imply the religious respect in 
 which the soothsayer was held. Pausanias, iii. 11. 4, 
 Avyov6Toiy 8 Kara xXwrrav dvvarai rrfv^EX' 
 \r,voov defiadro?. 
 
 614. quertia corona] This was t^e civic crown, as- 
 signed as a reward 'ob servatum civem.' It was 
 voted in perpetuum to Augustus, to be fixed in the 
 vestibule of the palace, as a token of his protection of 
 the citizens in general.* See on iv. 953. Here, of 
 course, the allusion is to Tiberius, tanti cognomi.iis 
 heres ; and Merkel (p. cclxiv.) has well explained the 
 passage in reference to his having declined this hon- 
 our. Suet. Tib. § 26, * Civicam in vestibulo coronam 
 recusavit. * The poet, therefore, in protegaty expresses 
 a hope that he will condescend to retain it --vestrasy 
 i. e. Tiberius and his successors. 
 
 618. relata] Not only the 11th, but the 15th of 
 the month was devoted to the Carmentalia. There 
 may have been some confusion between two distinct 
 Carmentae; indeed, Ovid himself does not identify 
 them, but makes them sisters or companions, inf. 
 634. The Carmenta of this latter festival was not a 
 prophetess, but a sort of Lucina. The carpenta were 
 state-carriages, chiefly used for conveying women in 
 sacred processions, but also driven by wealthy fops, 
 Propert. v. 8. 23. It will be observed that Ovid 
 wrongly derives the word from Carmenta. The root 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
3 
 
 i 
 
 ^) 
 
 1 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 95 
 
 is caVf as in carriage carrusj carrttca, &c., and has no 
 connection with carpo (inf. 632). 
 
 621. honor eripitw] This was done by 0. Oppius, 
 tribune of the people, among other sumptuary enact- 
 ments passed a. u. 538. Plutarch, Quaest. R. § 56. 
 — destinat, * fixes,* * determines ;* the true sense of the 
 word. Compare ohstinatus, * resolved against.' 
 
 627. Bina] i. e. * alterum pro pueris, alterum pro 
 puellis,* (so. pro partu felici). There is no allusion 
 to the two festivals of the same name (sup. 618). 
 
 629. Scortea] Varro, L. L. vii. § 84, * etiam nunc 
 dicimus scortea ea quae ex corio ac pellibussunt facta; 
 inde in aliquot sacris ac sacellis scriptum habemus, 
 
 ' JSie quid £>3orteum adhibeatur, 
 ideo ne morticinum quid adslt.' 
 
 He derives scortum, i. e. * meretrix,' from the same 
 word. The mceWt^m was near the Carmental gate. — 
 ne violent f &c. They feared lest they should give 
 birth to dead children. 
 
 632. non tihi notal Here, as supra 129, words are 
 cited as obsolete except in sacrificial language. * Car- 
 mentis ' seems to have had two distinct attributes ; 
 that of a prophetess, from carmen, and that of a Parca, 
 or Destiny, from carminare, * to card wool,* in allusion 
 \o the fatal thread. Hence Plutarch, Quaest. Rom. 
 5 56, oi di Motpav i^yovvrat Ttfv Kapjuivrar 
 ^tvat, uai die tovto Qvstv avriff rdi firfTspa'j, The 
 two words are probably in fact identical ; for there 
 was a common expression * deducere carmen,* &c., * to 
 spin a song ;' and Mr, Long (on Cic. Cat. Maj. § 61) 
 
 ,-^ 
 
96 
 
 p. OVIDII NA80NI8 FASTORUM LIB. 1. 
 
 seems right in deriving carmen from carpere. We hav« 
 *carpere pensum,' Georg. iv. 235 ; Hor. Od. iii. 27. 
 64. Carmen is therefore for carpimen as agmen for 
 agimen, sarmentum for sarpimentumj &c. 
 
 633. Porrima] The names here invoked evidently 
 imply certain circumstances favourable to easy birth. 
 Gierig quotes Varro ap. Gell. xvi. 16 : ' hujus periculi 
 deprecandi causa arae statutae sunt Romae duabus 
 Carmentibus, quarum una Postverta nominata est, 
 Prosa altera, a recti porver'jique partus et potestate 
 et nomine.* Prosus or prorms is for proversus ; Varro, 
 L. L. vii. § 81. Merkel (p. cxcix.) suggests with great 
 probability that these terms originally had reference 
 to the methods of writing, viz. : either from left to 
 right and back again, or in one uniform direction, 
 since Evander was said to have brought the use of 
 letters into Italy. The phrase * prosa oratio * confirms 
 t.his. Ovid's mistake is curious, and we might even 
 criticise his Latinity in making porro mean * prius,' 
 and postverta * quae postea vertent.' His words are 
 rather obscure : he may mean, * the one foretold things 
 remotely future, the other, things soon about to hap- 
 pen.' But Gierig takes j>orro of past time. 
 
 637. Candida] A general epithet for faustay alma, 
 &c., like ' candide Bacche,' iii. 772, and Horace's ' can- 
 dide Bassareu. ' At the same time he makes use of the 
 circumstance that the temple itself was nivewm, newly- 
 built. Sec sup. 80.~Jlfoneto, sup. 231. This temple 
 of Juno stood on the Capitol, and a flight of steps 
 (sup. 203) led up to it from the Forum. Neaj to these 
 
NOTES. 
 
 97 
 
 -tops was the old temple of Concord. Both were 
 vowed by M. Furiua Gamillus, the dictator. Inf. vi. 
 
 183:— 
 
 * Arce quoque in summa Junoni templa Monetae 
 Ex voto memoraut facta, Camille, tuo/ 
 
 Merkel assigns the year of the city 388 (b. c. 366) to 
 the dedication of Concordia, and 763 to that of the re- 
 building on the same site by Tiberius. — bene prospicieSf 
 because the new temple faced the Forum, and thus 
 there was a kind of omen in the prospectus Goncordiae, 
 The site has been discovered, behind the arch of 
 Severus (Merkel, p. cxxv). 
 
 641. Etrusci] He captured Falerii in Etruria, r. c. 
 394. 
 
 643.] patrihus, the patricians. — vulgus, the ple- 
 beians. This was one of the many ruptures between 
 the two orders which took place during the early his- 
 tory of Rome. The occasion was the efforts of the 
 plebeians to carry the * rogationes,* i.e. agrarian and 
 other measures of C. Licinius Stolo, against the patri- 
 cian influence, headed by Camillus. The temple of 
 Concord was intended to cement the union finally 
 effected between the two parties. 
 
 645. Causa recens] See Suet. Tib. § 20 : *aGermania 
 in urbem post biennium regressus, triumphum, quem 
 distulerat, egit ; prosequentibus etiam legatis, quibus 
 triumphalia omamenta impetrarat. Dedicavit et Gon- 
 cordiae aedem ; item Pollucis et Castoris suo fratris- 
 que [Drusi] nomine de manubiis. ' The expedition took 
 place in 763, to avenge the defeat of Quintilius Varus 
 
98 
 
 p. OVIDII NAS0NI8 PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 f 
 
 in the preceding year. Suet. Tib. § 18. Tac. Ann. i. 3, 
 The words of Suetonius, as Msrkel observes, p. cclxii., 
 might lead one to suppose that the dedication did not 
 take place till 765, when he triumphed for the Panno- 
 nian conquest. — triumphatae gentisy the same authority 
 states, are the Sigambri, though the participle must 
 not be taken literally, but simply for victae. The 
 words of Suetonius, * de manubiis,* &c. , seem clearly 
 to refer to the same circumstance. — passos crinesporrigitf 
 whatever be the exact meaning, refers also to the defeat 
 of the Sigambri in 747. Gierig quotes Amor. i. 14. 45 ; 
 
 * Jam tibi captives mittet Germania crineH: 
 Culta triumphatae munere gentis eris/ 
 
 which inclines Keightley to take the present passage 
 literally, as implying an annual tribute of flaxen hair, 
 of which the Romans were very fond. But passi 
 crines were a sign of woe often attributed to captives ; 
 and the poet probably means that the women held 
 out their long streaming locks to excite compassion 
 in the conqueror. Compare Trist. iv. 2. 43. Merkel 
 edits corrigitj which he thinks can mean * desecat ; ' 
 but this is rightly rejected by Keightley. — dux vener- 
 ande, i.e. Tiberius, now Emperor. 
 
 647. libasti] See on 587. — quam colisj sc. * you set the 
 example of Concord in your own family and conduct.' 
 
 649. iua Genitrix] Livia, wife of Augustus. — rehus 
 et ara. These words are obscure. Keightley under- 
 stands by reSf * property ;' Gierig says, 'concordiam 
 rebus ipsis Augusto exhibuit.' He seems to mean that 
 both Tiberius and Livia patronized Concord ir two 
 
NOTES. 
 
 9D 
 
 i 
 
 ways, by exhibiting it in their lives, and by joining in 
 the expense of the temple. Eebm perhaps represents 
 epyooy * in fact,' 'in reality.*-— digrna reperta. In allu- 
 sion to Augustus' divorce from his former wife Scrib- 
 onia. See Trist. ii. 162. — magni Jovis, so. Augusti. 
 
 652. per jmenis signa] The sun will enter the 
 Zodiacal sign Aquarius. 
 
 655. Sidere ah hoc] The night after Lyra has set, the 
 star which shines in the breast of the Lion will be no 
 longer visible. 
 
 657] The feriae Sementinae. As this was kept at 
 the end of the sowing sesson, which depended in great 
 measure on the weather, it was not assigned in the cal- 
 endars to any fixed day, but was oue of the conceptivae, 
 i.e. appointed by authority of the Pontifices. Varro, 
 L. L. vi. § 26, ' Sementinae feriae dies is, qui a ponti- 
 ficibus dictus : appellatus a semente, quod sationis 
 causa susceptae. Paganicae ejusdem agiiculturae causa 
 susceptae, ut haberent in agris omnis pagi, unde pagan- 
 icae dictae sunt.* Properly, according to Merkel, p. 
 cliv, mdici was used of extraordinary feasts, i.e. not 
 legitimaej or 'regular,* but * subito ad praesens tempus 
 constitutae,' e.g. when any prodigy had to be expiated 
 (procurari). These were also called imperativae. 
 
 663. coronati] The crown or chaplet was a sort of 
 acknowledgment of the successful accomplishment of 
 a task. On this principle the sterns of ships return- 
 ing from a voyage were crowned. Compare with this 
 passage Tibull. ii. 1. 8 : — 
 
 * Solvite vincla jugis : nunc ad praesepia debent 
 Plena coronato stare boves capite/ (fee. 
 

 100 p. OVIDII NA80NI8 FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 664. Gum vere] Fallow lands received their second 
 ploughing in spring. "Ea/ji TtoXsiTv, Hesiod. Op. et 
 D. 460. 
 
 665. suspendat] The ancient ploughs were very- 
 light. In Spain, where so many Roman customs re- 
 main unaltered to this day, the Castilian often carries 
 the plough to the field on his shoulders. 
 
 666. reformidat] ' Shrinks f^om being stirred at all 
 in the winter. ' The first ploughing and sowing were 
 completed in late autumn in ordinary seasons. Viro-. 
 Georg. i. 210, * serite hordea campis Usque sub ex- 
 tremum brumae intractabilis imbrem.' Hesiod. Op- 
 et D. 448, &c. Speak 'ng of the proper time for prun- 
 ing vines, Virgil says, *ante reformidant ferrum,' 
 Georg. ii. 369. 
 
 669. Pagus] The question here arises, whether the 
 poet is speaking of the same ^east as above, or the Pa- 
 ganalia. The words of Varro, ut sup., evidently prove 
 nothing. MerkePs view is given in these words (p. 
 civ.) * Non de diversis feriis intelligendum putaverim 
 Ovidlum, sed de eisd^w diverso modo in urbe et in 
 agris celebrandis.' 
 
 670. paganis focis] Each pagus had a common altar 
 for the use of the inhabitants. The sacrifice was of a 
 propitiatory character, and as at the Palilia (iv. 735), 
 theie was a lustratiOf a ceremonial purifying or * bless- 
 ing ' of the fields and the people. To mother earth 
 especially a cake was offered of her own produce. The 
 nature of the Roman pagi will be best understood 
 from the account of Dr. Arnold, Hist, of Rome, i. p. 
 
NOTES. 
 
 101 
 
 79. They were strongholds erected by the country 
 tribes on high ground, to afford refuge both to hus- 
 bandmen and cattle in case of a hostile invasion. 
 ' Here they all met once a year, and every man, 
 woman, and child, paid on these occasions a certain 
 flum, which being collected by the priests, gave the 
 imount of the whole population.' 
 
 were [ ^^*- caw^^H *Originem,M. e. 'semina.* The usual 
 
 iM rule respecting hie and ilk is here violated. 
 
 679. perpetuos] ' Unchecked, ' uninterrupted.' Sup- 
 ra, 122.— usta. This word, like torreo and torridus, is 
 used alike of cold and heat, the effects of which ou 
 vegetation are nearly the same. Inf. iv. 917, 'adusta 
 gelu,' Trist, iii. 2. 8, 'ustusabassiduofrigore Pontus.' 
 Georg. i. 186, ' neu boreae penetrabile frigus adurat.' 
 Though snow does not hurt our cereals, the maize and 
 millet of the Italians seem to have suffered from it. 
 
 684. aves] Here also we must not think of rooks 
 and sparrows, the real or supposed enemies of our 
 farmers, but the 'improbus anser Strymoniaeque 
 gmes,' of Virgil, Georg. i. 119. 
 
 685. parcite granis] Ants do not really store up 
 corn, as the Romans seem to have believed when they 
 saw them carrying their eggs : nor is it very probable 
 that they ever eat it. 
 
 687. scalrae robiginis] Catull. Ixviii. 151, 'nevos- 
 
 ^ trum scabra tangat robigine nomen.'—vitio caeM. Virg. 
 
 Eel. vii. 67, *vitio moriens sitit aeris herba.' They 
 
 attributed to the air effects which were probably due 
 
 to the want of draining or other causes. 
 
 li 
 
102 p. OVIDI NASONIS PASTORUM LIB I. 
 
 689. pinguior aequo] Cf. iv. 644, 'nunc a.^er assidna 
 luxuriabat aqua.' Georg. i. 112, 'luxuriem segetum 
 teneradepascitinherba.' Ibid. 154, * infelix lolium 
 et steriles dominantur avenae. * 
 
 693. passura bis ignem] viz. both in the kiln and in 
 
 the baking. It is remarkable that the Romans treated 
 
 their bread-corn nearly as we treat malt,-^they dried 
 
 it in a kiln before grinding it. The latter art was but 
 
 rudely performed, and would have been difficult if the 
 
 grain had been moist and clammy. See inf. ii. 520, 
 
 seqq., Georg. i. 267, 'nunc torrete igni fruges, nunc 
 
 frangite saxo.' Aen. i. 178, 'frugesque receptas E< 
 
 torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo.' The word 
 
 fruges, which is generally, like fructus, derived from 
 
 fruor, is perhaps connected with (ppvyaiv, ' to toaat.' 
 
 Thucydides speaks of TtsgipvyjUEvai Hdt9a?, vi. 22. 
 
 698. aptior ensis] This alludes to the troubles of 
 the civil wars. The same complaint occurs in Georg. i. 
 507, 'Et curvrae rigidum falces conflantur in ensem.' 
 
 701. domui tuae] The words are addressed to Ger- 
 manicus, but may have been originally meant for 
 Augustus. 
 
 706. Ledaeis deis] Castor and Pollux. See Sueto- 
 nius, quoted on ver. 645. It was vowed by A. Postu- 
 mius, B. c. 498, in consequence of the aid rendered 
 by the twin deities at the battle of I^ake Regillus. See 
 Livy, ii. 42. It stood in the Forum, connected with 
 the spring of Juturna (sup. 4G3), at which Pollux was 
 fabled to have watered his horse after the battle. 
 
 4^ 
 
 4 
 
NOTES, 
 
 103 
 
 Whence Propert. iv. (iii.)22. 26, *potaqiie PoUucis 
 lympha salubris equo.' 
 
 707. fratres] Tiberius and hia younger brother 
 Drusus, who rebuilt the temple, or rather, the former 
 in the name of the latter, for he was dead when it was 
 dedicated, A. u. 759. See Merkel, p. cxxvi. sup. 597, 
 — composuere. Gierig says, ' conjuncti posuere. Nove 
 sic dictum.* Some explain constituit, sup. 649, in the 
 1^ same manner. But there is authority for * componere 
 templa,' * to build,' Propert. ii. 6. 5, and v. 9. 74. 
 
 711. Frondibus Actiacis] As the civil wars were 
 terminated by the decisive victory at Actium, and as 
 Augustus, alive to the blessings of peace, had dedi- 
 cated an altar to that goddess in the year 741, the 
 poet elegantly represents her as crowned with bay, 
 and invokes her to prebide over the reign of Tiberius. 
 
 716. nil nisi pompa] May the tuba be used only in 
 religious processions. 
 
 719. Pacalihus] A word coined perhaps on the 
 ,j^ analogy of Compitalia, Floralia, Matralia. He means 
 
 nothing more than *imponite pacis arae.' 
 
 721. perennet] * Per totum annum eat. ' 
 
 722. propensQs] • Already disposed to lend a favour- 
 ing ear,' 
 
 i 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 *^ 
 
 EXPLANATIONS OP ABBREVIATIONS, &o. 
 
 ,ii 
 
 passive. 
 
 neuter. 
 
 irregular. 
 
 deponent. 
 
 impersonal. 
 
 <ff' compare. 
 
 v.a verb active. 
 
 V. p 
 
 V, n 
 
 V. ir 
 
 V. dep..,, 
 y. imp.,,, 
 intens.,., intensive. 
 
 * substantive. 
 
 ind indeclinable. 
 
 ^ masculine. 
 
 / feminine. 
 
 fr from. 
 
 1 neuter. 
 
 c common. 
 
 sing 
 
 pi' orplur, 
 
 adj 
 
 comp. adj. 
 
 su^st 
 
 sup. adj . . 
 
 num. adj. . 
 
 pro 
 
 part 
 
 prep 
 
 conj 
 
 adv 
 
 \etc.. 
 
 sinsrular. 
 
 plural. 
 
 adjective. 
 
 adjective In the com- 
 
 parative degree, 
 substantive, 
 adjective in the supex- 
 
 lative degree. 
 
 numeral adjective. 
 
 pronoun. 
 
 participle. 
 
 preposition. 
 
 conjunction. 
 
 adverb. 
 
 et cetera. 
 
 fh J^ l^K^'f" ^^*®'' *^S ""^'^ «^°^ *^ wJ^at conjugation 
 the verb belongs ; as 2. v. a, verb active of the second 
 conjugation The genitives of nouns and tLt}nZfs 
 and perfect tenses of verbs are given. j^m^n^vtif 
 
 N.B. The meanings of the words given are those an- 
 
 ru 
 
 A, See ab. 
 
 Ab, (a), prep. gov. abl.: 1. 
 From, away from.^2. 
 From, downfrom.—Z, In 
 time: After. -^ Fr&in^on 
 account of in consequence 
 of --5, To denote the 
 agent: By, by means of 
 [akin to Gr. ccTt'O]. 
 
 Abditus, a, urn, P. perf. pass, 
 of abdo, 
 
 Ab-do, didi, ditum, dere, 3. 
 V. a. [ab, *away;' do, 'to 
 
 put*]. To hide, conceal,^ 
 Pass., ab-dor, ditus sum, 
 di. 
 
 Abduco, duxi, ductum, ere. 
 3. V. a. To carry off, take 
 away. 
 
 Abductus, a, um, part, from 
 
 abduco. 
 Ab-eo, ivi oj- ii, itum, ire, 
 
 V. n. Fab. eol. Tn nn nonnti 
 
 ^ , -J- __ ..,;j 
 
 or depart, 
 Ab-sum, fiii, esse, v. n. [ab, 
 * away from ; * sum, «to 
 
 t 
 
 .A, 
 
 4^ 
 
VOCABUT.ARY. 
 
 105 
 
 3 com- 
 e. 
 
 supex- 
 
 ive. 
 
 ition 
 
 COND 
 
 Hives 
 
 i ap- 
 odost 
 
 zl. — 
 mm, 
 
 ere. 
 take 
 
 from 
 
 ire, 
 
 " -if 
 
 [ab, 
 
 t 
 
 Wi 
 
 be *]. I. To he away from a 
 place or person ; to be ab' 
 sent or distant. — 2. To be 
 wanting y to be free from. 
 
 Absiimo, mpsi, mptiim, ere, 
 3. V. a. To wastey lavish, 
 
 Absumptus, a, um. part, 
 of absumo. 
 
 Ac, See atque. 
 
 Accensus, a, um. (part, of ac- 
 cendo ) . Burning ^ blazing, 
 
 Acervus, i, m. [cf. aufto^]. 
 An accumulation^ heap, 
 
 Acjcipio, cepi, ceptum, cip- 
 ere. 3. v. a. [for ad-eapio.] 
 1. To take, receive. — 2. 
 To perceive^ hear, learn. — 
 Pass. : ac-cipior, ceptus 
 sum, cipi. 
 
 Actiacus, a, um, adj. Be- 
 longing to Actium, a pro- 
 montory in Acarnania, off 
 which Octavius defeated 
 Antony and Cleopatra, 
 B.C. 31. 
 
 Ac-tor, toris, m. [for ag- 
 tor ; fr. ag-o, * to drive,' 
 cattle]. A driver of cattle : 
 — actor pecoris, a driver of 
 cattle, i. e. a herdsman. 
 
 Actum, i, n. [actus, a, um]. 
 Act, in plur. records. 
 
 Actus, a, um, P. perf. pass, 
 of ago. Past, gone by. 
 
 Ad, prep. gov. ace. To, to- 
 wards. 
 
 Addo, didi, ditum, ere. S.v.a. 
 To add. 
 
 Ad-duco, duxi, ductum, 
 ducere, 3. v. a. [fid, * to ;' 
 
 diico, *to lead']. 1. To 
 bring to ov up to ; to apply 
 to. — 2. To draw towards 
 one, to draio to or tov^ards 
 one's self, etc. :— adducta 
 clava, his club drawn to* 
 wards himself, i. e. up* 
 lifted. — Pass. : adducor, 
 ductus sum, duci. 
 
 Ademptus, a, um, »P. perf. 
 pass, of adimo. 
 
 Ad-inio. emi, emptum, im- 
 ere, 3. v. a. [for ad-enio ; 
 fr. ad, * to ;' emo, * to 
 take']. To take away from 
 another ; to deprive another 
 o/."Pass. : ad-imor,emptus 
 sum, imi. 
 
 1. Aditus, a, um. P. perf. 
 pass, of adeo (in act. force). 
 
 2. Aditus, us, m. [adeo]. 
 Access, approach, 
 
 Adjicio, jeci, jectum, ere, 3 
 v. a. [ad-jacio]. To add. 
 
 Adoleo, u?, ultum, ere. 2. v, 
 a. [alo, dXdioo], To con* 
 sume upon an altar. 
 
 Ad-sum, fiii, esse, v. n. [Sd, 
 *at;' sum, *to be*]. To 
 be present, to be at hand; 
 dexter ades = be propitious, 
 
 Adventus, us, m. [advenio]. 
 The coming, arrival. 
 
 Adver-sus, sa, sum, adj. 
 [f^. advert-o, 'to turn 
 tow irds']. Opposite, ad* 
 verse. 
 
 Adverto, ti, sum, 6ie. S. v. 
 a. To turn, direct. 
 
 Aedes, is, f. [cf. edo<^]. 1 
 
106 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS FA8T0RUM LIB. I. 
 
 Tl", 
 
 A temple,'^2. In plur. A 
 house, 
 
 ^neades, 8B, m. [-^neas]. A 
 descendant ofuEn^as, 
 
 -^neas, 8B, m. ^'nms; the 
 mythic son of Anchises 
 and the goddess Venus, 
 and ancestor of the Ro- 
 mans. After death he was 
 worshipped under tne title 
 of Jupiter Indiges [Aivei- 
 
 ^que, adv. Equally. 
 ^quo, [from sequus]. Pin- 
 
 guoir aequo = rank, too 
 
 luxuriant. 
 iEqu-or, oris, n. [sequ-o. 
 
 *to make level']. 1. The 
 
 smooth surface of the sea. 
 
 — 2. ( Sometimes plur. ) : 
 
 The sea. 
 MqmxB, a, um, adj. Just^ 
 
 equal, fair. 
 Aer, aeris, m. ace. aerem, 
 
 aera [dr/pl. The air, at- 
 mosphere. 
 M^, ,,aeris, plur. aera, n, 
 
 [aiOoo]. Brass. 
 -^-tas, tatis, f. [fr. aBv-um, 
 
 *life, age']. Time, or 
 
 season, of life; age. 
 ^t-ernus, erna, ernum, adj. 
 
 [setas, aetat-is]. Eternal, 
 
 everlasting. 
 iEther, eris (Ace, sethera), 
 
 m. The sky; the air 
 
 ^riiltXnV.'.r- » ....v^ -;i; r^.j 
 
 j.S^yis.\jii.tj.s, a, UUI, UUJ. l^U.1,' 
 
 dapio^l. Ethereal, hea- 
 venly. ^theria aqua= 
 with rain from heaven. 
 
 iEtn-aeus, sea, aeum, adj. 
 
 Of, or belonging to, ASlne 
 
 or JEtna [Ai'rvTf]. 
 Aff^ro, attuli, allatum, ferre, 
 
 V. a. irreg. [ad-fero]. To 
 
 bring. 
 
 Af-figo, fixi, fixum, figere, 
 3. V. a. [ad-figo]. To fix 
 to or on to ; to fasten, or 
 attach to. — Pass. : af-figor, 
 fixus eum, figi. 
 
 Africa, se, f. The continent 
 so called, or, in a more re- 
 stricted sense, the terri- 
 tory of Carthage, which 
 the Romans erected into a 
 province, 
 
 Age[imperat. of ago]. Come/ 
 
 Ager, agri, m. : 1. Afield, 
 land.^2. Plur. : The 
 fields, the country [akin 
 to Gr. dyp'Oi; cf. Eng- 
 lish acre]. 
 
 Agito, avi, atum, are. 1. v. 
 a. intens. To agitate, re- 
 volve, 
 
 Ag-men, minis, n. [Sg-o, 'to 
 set in motion']. An army, 
 host, 
 
 Agna, 88, f. A ewe-lamb, a 
 lamb [akin to Gr. djuvdi]. 
 
 Ago, egi, actum, agere, 3. v. 
 a. 1. To drive. — 2. To 
 chaise, pursue. — 3. To ef- 
 feet, do. — 4. To plead.— 
 B.Toenjpy. — 6. Of thank ; 
 to return.— 7. Of fe? .s 
 to keep. Res agendae = • Ltsi 
 
 agor, a. 
 
 ness. — Pass, 
 sum, Sgi. 
 Aio, V. defect. To say. 
 
 A 
 A 
 
 A 
 
 A 
 A 
 
 I 
 
 A 
 
 A 
 A 
 
 ^ 
 
 A 
 
 A 
 
 A 
 
 xk 
 
 i 
 
^, 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 107 
 
 4? 
 
 Ait — says, from aio. 
 
 Ala, se, f. A wing, 
 
 Alb-eo, no perf. nor sup., 
 6re, 2. v. n. [alb-us, 
 * white •]. To be white. 
 
 Alb-us, a, um,^adj. White 
 [akin to Gr. aXip-6?], 
 
 Alcides se, ni. Alcides; 
 ('Descendant of Alceus,' 
 the father of Amphitryon ; 
 hence, as being the sup- 
 posed son of Amphitryon) 
 Hercules \^AXHeiOT/i]. 
 
 Ales, itis, comm. gen. [3,les, 
 'winged']. A bird; at 
 line 455, the cock. 
 
 Alimentum, i, n. [alo]. Food. 
 
 Ali-qui, qua, quod (Gen. 
 Sing, alictijus ; Dat. ali- 
 cui ; Plur. aliqui, quae, 
 etc.) J indef. pron. adj. 
 [all-US, ' another ;' qui 
 (indef.), *any']. Any, 
 some. Aliqua parte =*?i 
 some degree (134). 
 
 Ali-quis, quid (Gen. alictijus; 
 Dat. alicui) ; indef. pron, 
 subst. [ali-us; quis]. Stome 
 one, somebody^ something. 
 
 AJ-ius, ia, iud (Gen. alius ; 
 Dat. alii), adj. Another^ 
 other [akin to Gr. aA- 
 Ao?]. 
 
 Al-loquor, loquutus sum, 
 loqui, 3. V. dep. [for ad- 
 loquor]. To speak to, ad- 
 dress, accost. 
 
 Ai-o, ui, itumandtum, Sre, 
 3. V. a. 1. To nourish, 
 fetd. — 2. To rear, sup- 
 
 port, etc. [akin to Gr. a A- 
 Boo, * to make to grow']. 
 
 Al-ter, tfira, tgrum (Gen- 
 altfirius ; Dat. altfiri), adj. 
 [akin to al-ius, 'another']. 
 Another ; the other of two, 
 at line 693 supply victor 
 or vir ; alter... alter, the 
 one... the other. 
 
 Alter-nus, na, num, adj. 
 [alter, * another']. AU 
 temate, by turns. — 2. In 
 adverbial force. Alternate' 
 ly. 
 
 Al-tus, ta, tum, adj. [al-o, 
 * to nourish ']. (a) High, 
 lofty. As Subst. : altuni, 
 \, n. A lofty place or sjwt, 
 — (b) Aloft, on high. — 
 Deep. Comp. : alt-ior. 
 
 Alumna, se, f. [alo]. A nurs- 
 ling, foster-child. 
 
 Ambiilo, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 V. act. [aV^oAffij]. To 
 walk through, traverse. 
 
 Amicitia, ae, f. [amicus] 
 Friendship. 
 
 Amnis, is, m. A stream, 
 river. 
 
 Am-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. 
 a. To love. Si quis amas 
 =^If you love, or take a 
 pleasure in, 
 
 Am-or, oris, m [am-o, *to 
 love']. 1. Love. — 2. A be^ 
 loved object, a love. 
 
 An, conj. [prob. a primitive 
 word]. 1. Introducing the 
 second half ot a disjunc- 
 tive sentence: Or: — an 
 
108 
 
 p. OVIDII NA80NIS FAbfORUM LIB. I. 
 
 t 
 
 i 
 
 • • • an, whether , , or. — 
 
 2. Whether or not. — 3. 
 With utrum to be supplied 
 in first clause : ( Whether) 
 or. 
 
 Anceps, ancipitis, adj. [an — 
 caput]. Two-headed, two- 
 faced, like biceps. 
 
 Augustus, a, um, adj. [ango]. 
 Narrow, small. 
 
 Anima, 8b, f. [dvejuoi]. The 
 life, soul. 
 
 An-imus, imi, m. 1. The 
 rational soul in man ; 
 mind. — 2. Disposition, 
 character. — 3. Courage, 
 heart, spirit [akin to Gr. 
 arejuoi, *& stream of 
 air.' 
 
 Annalis, e, adj. (a) Be- 
 longing to the year; (b) 
 subst. in plur. annals. 
 
 An-nuo, nui, nutum, nuere, 
 
 3. V. n. [for ad-nuo ; fr. 
 ad, *to;' niio, 'to nod']. 
 With Dat. : To assent to, 
 agree to, to he propitious 
 to. 
 
 An-nu8, ni, m. : ^ year [akin 
 to Gr. BV'Voi^kV'iaV' 
 TO?, 'a year *]. 
 
 Anniius, a, um, adj . [annus]. 
 Annual, 
 
 Anser, eris, m. A goose. 
 
 Ante, adv. and prep.: 1. 
 Adv.: (a) Before, in front. 
 — (b) In time : (a) First. — 
 (b) Before, previously. — 
 2. Prep. gov. ace. Be- 
 fore, in fiont of [Gr. 
 dvTi.] 
 
 Ant-iquus, iqua, iquumi adj. 
 [ant-e, * before*]. 1. Old, 
 aged. — 2. Ancient. 
 
 Antrum, i, n. A cave, grotto; 
 [avrpor]. 
 
 ASnius, a, um. adj. Aonian, 
 Boeotian, so called from 
 the Aones, a Boeotian 
 tribe. 
 
 A-per-io, iii, turn, ire. 4. v. 
 a. To disclose, reveal, lay 
 open. 
 
 Ap-^lico, plicavi or pliciii, 
 plicatum or plicitum, pli- 
 care, I v. a. [forad-plico.] 
 Of cattle, as object : To 
 drive. 
 
 Ap-tu8, ta, tum, adj. [obsol. 
 &p-io, *to lay hold of*]. 
 With Inf. : Suited, adapt- 
 ed; ready, of a sword. 
 
 Aqu-a, 89, f. ; 1. Water, -^ 
 2. The water, the waters, 
 
 Ar-a (old form aa-a), se, f. 
 An altar, 
 
 Arator, oris, m. [aro]. A 
 ploughman ; as adj, quali- 
 fying taums, ploughing. 
 
 Ara-tmm, tri, n. [ar(a)-o, 
 * to plough ']. A plough. 
 
 Arbos, or, arbor, oris, f. A 
 tree. 
 
 Arcadins, a, um, adj, [Arca- 
 dia] Arcadian. See Areas. 
 
 1. Areas, adis, m. Areas, son 
 of Zeus and Callisto, and 
 King of Arcadia, which 
 was called after him. 
 
 2. Areas, adis, m. 1. An 
 Arcadian ; i. e. a man of 
 Arcadia, the central state 
 
 1^ 
 
t 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 109 
 
 of Southern Greece or the 
 
 Peloponnesus (now the 
 
 Morea). — 2. The Area- 
 
 diatiy i. e. E v a n d e r 
 
 \'Apyid%\ 
 Ard-uus, iia, iium, adj. 
 
 High^ steep, [Gr. opBoiy 
 
 * erect ']. 
 Arenosu8,a,um, adj. [arena], 
 
 Sandy. 
 Ar^entum, i. n. [ocfiyr,i\ 
 
 Silver. 
 Ar-ma, morum, n. plur. 
 
 AnriSy weapons [akin to 
 
 ap-GOy *to adapt']. 
 Armilla, ae, f. [armus or 
 
 arma]. A bracelet. 
 Ar-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. 
 
 To plough [Gr. dp-ooai]. 
 Ar-s, tis, f. 1. Artf skill. 
 
 2. Science f knowledge. — 3. 
 Stratagem, device, artifice, 
 — 4.^ Business (169) [akin 
 to dp'OOy * to join']. 
 
 Ar-vum, vi, n. [aro, 'to 
 plough']. 1. Arable land. 
 — 2. Afield, plain. 
 
 Arx, arcis, f. [for arc-s; fr. 
 arc-eo, *to enclose']. A 
 castle, citadel, fortress. 
 
 Aspiciam, fut. ind. of aspic- 
 
 10. 
 
 A-spicio, spexi, spectum, 
 spic6re, 3. v. a. ; [fr. M, 
 specio]. To look on or 
 upon : to behold, see, 
 
 Assisto, astiti, ere^ no sup. 
 
 3. V. n. [ad-sto]. To stand 
 by or near. 
 
 Assuetus, a, urn, [assuesco, 
 
 3 V. a.] 
 Gr. 
 
 §vi, etum, ere, 
 
 Accustomed. 
 At, conj. But [akin to 
 
 dr-a'py *but']. 
 Ater,atra, atrum, adj . Black, 
 
 unlucky. 
 At-que (contr. ac), conj. 1. 
 
 And also, and moreover ; 
 
 or simply and. — 2. After 
 
 siniul : As. 
 Atrium, ii, n. (ater.] A hall 
 
 or central portion of a 
 
 Eoman house, around 
 
 which the other rooms 
 
 were ranged. In the 
 
 atrium the cerae were 
 
 placed (591). 
 Attollo, 6re, no perf. or sup. 
 
 3. V. a. [ad-tollo]. To 
 
 lift up, to raise, 
 Auc-tor, tons, m, [fr. aug- 
 
 6o]. An author, producer, 
 Auctus, us, m. [augeo]. An 
 
 increase, in the plur. at 
 
 line 679. 
 Aud6o, ausus sum, audere, 
 
 2. V. semi-dep. To dare 
 
 or venture something or to 
 
 do something. 
 AugSo, auxl, auctum, aug< 
 
 ere, 2. v. a. To in* 
 
 crease, augr.ent. To en- 
 
 rich, exalt, advance, etc. — 
 
 Pass. : auggor, auctus sum, 
 
 augeri [akin to av^dvo)]. 
 Augur uris, m. An augur, 
 
 soothsayer. 
 Augurium, ii, n. [augur]. 
 
 Augury, interpretation of 
 
 omens. 
 
110 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONie FASTORDM LIB. I. 
 
 ill 
 
 
 Augustus, i, m, [augeo], 1. 
 A surname of the first 
 Roman Emperor, C. Julius 
 Caesar Octavianus, and 
 after him of all the Roman 
 Emperors. In plur. in 
 line 531. Augusta is the 
 fern. form. — 2. Adj. Au- 
 gust, noble. 
 
 Aula, £e, f. A palace [Gr. 
 avX?}]. 
 
 Aurora, ae, f. [ocvpto?, 
 (k-'pa. aurea hora]. Aurora 
 or Eos, the goddess of the 
 dawn or moruing,daughter 
 of Hyperion. 
 
 Aurum, 1, n. [avpov]. Gold, 
 
 Aur eus, 6a, 6um, adj. [aur- 
 um]. Gold-colouredfgolden, 
 yellow, 
 
 Aur-is, is, f. [fr. aud-io, 'to 
 hear']. An ear. 
 
 Aurum, i. n. Gold. 
 
 Ausoni-us, a, um, adj. [Au- 
 soni-a, * Ausonia,* a 
 country of Southern Italy], 
 1. Of, or belonging to, 
 Ausonia ; A usonian. — 2 . 
 Of, or belonging to, Italy ; 
 Italian. 
 
 Auspex icis, comm. [avis- 
 spicio]. An augur, pro* 
 tector. In line 615 trans- 
 late, * the gods being fa- 
 vourable.* 
 
 Auspicium, ii, n. [auspex] 
 An oinen from birds, aus- 
 pices. 
 
 Ausu^, a, um, P. perf. of 
 audSo. 
 
 Aut, conj. : Or.— aut. . aut, 
 cither . . or. 
 
 AuxiliariSj e, adj. [auxilium] 
 Aiding, auxiliary, 
 
 A vena, ae, f. Oats. 
 
 Aventinus, i, m. Aventinus 
 or The Aventine Ilill; one 
 of the seven hills on which 
 Rome was built. — Hence, 
 Aventin-us, a, um, adj. 
 Of, or belonging to, the 
 Aventine Hill; Aventine, 
 
 Aversor, aversatus sum, ari. 
 1. dep. V. (intcns. of aver- 
 to). To turn aivay from, 
 to scm^n, 
 
 Aversus, a, um, [part, of 
 averto]. In a hachivard 
 direction^ backwards. 
 
 A-verto, verti, versum, vert- 
 ere, 3. v. a. [a * away 
 from;' verto, *to turn']. 
 To turn away. — Pass. : 
 a-vertor, versus sum, verti. 
 
 Av-idus, ida, idum, adj. [av- 
 eo, * to pant after '], 
 Greedy, covetous, avaricU 
 ous, 
 
 A-vi-s, ftvis, f. A bird; bonis, 
 avibus=t^iY^ good omens. 
 
 Avitus, a, um, adj. [avus] 
 Ancestral. 
 
 Avus, i, m. A grandfather, 
 
 Baculum, i. n. A stick, staff. 
 
 Bellum, elli, n. [old foim 
 dii-ellum; fr. dii-o, *two'J, 
 War, warfare. 
 
 Biceps, bicipitis, adj. [bis* 
 caput]. Two-headed, iu'O* 
 faced. 
 
VOC'.MIULARY, 
 
 111 
 
 . . ant, 
 xilium] 
 
 jcntinus 
 ill; one 
 n whirh 
 -Hence, 
 n, adj. 
 tOf ike 
 vcntlne. 
 ini, uri. 
 of aver- 
 y -from, 
 
 )art. of 
 .chivard 
 ds. 
 
 in, vert- 
 
 * away 
 
 turn']. 
 
 Pass. : 
 
 n,verti. 
 
 idj. [av- 
 
 after '], 
 
 avarici' 
 
 I; bonis, 
 omens. 
 [avus] 
 
 ifather, 
 )k, staff. 
 Id form 
 , *two'J. 
 
 Ij. [bis* 
 ed, iu'o» 
 
 1 
 
 Biformis,e, adj. [bis-form.'i] 
 Having two forms, hiform. 
 
 Bini, ae, a, adj. distrib. Two 
 each time, two [bis]. Bina 
 {\ii)—two ways. 
 
 Bis, adv. num. Twice. 
 
 Blandus, a, um, adj. Gharm- 
 ing, soft. Biandi soles = 
 sojft sunbeams. 
 
 Bonus, a, um, adj. Good, 
 pious. Comp.: melior. 
 
 Bos, bo vis (Plur. b5ves, 
 bourn), comm. gen. A 
 cow or ox ; — Plur. : Cattle 
 [akin to Greek Bovi], 
 
 Boum, boves. See bos. 
 
 Brachium, ii, n. An arm 
 [akin to JSpa^/t??^]. 
 
 Brevis, e, adj. liihortf brief 
 [akin to Bpax-vS], 
 
 Brunia, se, f. [contr. fr. 
 brevissima, sc. dies]. The 
 shortest day, the winter 
 solstice. 
 
 Cacus, 1, m. Cdcus, a giant 
 who stole Geryon's cattle 
 from Hercules, and was 
 slain as narrated by Ovid. 
 
 Cadmus, 1, m. Son of Age- 
 nor. King of Phoenicia. 
 He was brother of Europa, 
 whom he was sent by his 
 father to seek; not finding 
 her, he settled in Bceotia, 
 and built the Cadmea, or 
 citadel of Thebes. He is 
 said to have introduced 
 the Phoenician letters into 
 Greece. 
 
 Cado, cecidi, casum, cSdere, 
 3. V. n. To fall. 
 
 Cftducus, a, um, adj. [cade]. 
 
 Falling, unavailing. 
 C5dus,i. m. [HaSo'i], Ajar, 
 Csecus, a, um, adj. (* Blind;* 
 
 hence) Hidden, secret, con* 
 
 cealed . 
 Csedo, cecidi, csesum, ccedere, 
 
 8. V. a. [akin to cado, *to 
 
 fall,' with causative force]. 
 
 To slay^ slaughter. — Pass .: 
 
 csedor, caesus sum, ca)di. 
 Cseles, itis, adj. [coclum]. 
 
 Celestial. 
 C8elestis,e,adj. [cselum or cob- 
 
 lum]. Celestial. Assubst. 
 
 an inhabitant of heaven, 
 Cselum, i, n. See coelum. 
 Csesar, a,ris, m, prop. nouiL 
 
 See note on line 3. 
 Csesareus, a, um, adj. : 
 
 [Csesar], Belonging to Ca^ 
 
 sar, Coesarean. 
 Caesus, a, um, P. perf. pass. 
 
 of Caedo. Slain, billed, 
 Caeterus. See ceterus. 
 Cai-idus, ida, idum, adj. 
 
 [calUo, *to be hot'], ^o«. 
 Call-idus, ida, idum, adj. 
 
 [cal-6o, in force of * to 
 
 know by experience ']. 
 
 Cunning, crafty, artful. 
 Campus, i, m. A plain, a 
 
 field [prob. akin to Gr. 
 
 HTfTto^, * 8 garden ']. 
 Cand-idus, ida, idum, adj. 
 
 [cand-eo, * to glisten ']. 
 
 White.^ ^ 
 Oano cecini cantumiCanere. 
 3. V. n. and a.: 1. Neut.: 
 
 To sing ; 2. Act.: To cele* 
 
 brute, or praise, in song. 
 
lis 
 
 p. OVXDII NAS0NI3 FABTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 Can-to, tavi, tatum, tare, 1. 
 V. n. intens. [oftn-o, * to 
 sine ']. To sing. 
 
 CSp-illus, illi, m. The hair 
 of the head [akin to cap-ut, 
 Or. He(p-a\rf]. 
 
 Capio, cepi, cap turn, cape re, 
 3.V a.: Totake.tocapturef 
 to receive^ contain. Pass.: 
 captor, captus sum cftpi. 
 
 Capitolium, ii, n. [caput]. 
 The Capitol, or temple of 
 Jupiter, from which the 
 hill on which it was built 
 is called the Mons Capi- 
 tollnus. The temple was 
 becfun by Tarquin the 
 Elder, and finished by 
 Taiauin the Proud. Poet 
 in piur. 
 
 Capricomus, i, m. The 
 constellation of Capricorn, 
 [caper-comu]. 
 
 Captus, a, um, P. perf. pass, 
 of capio. Enticed, capti- 
 vated. 
 
 Caput, itis, n. [ueqjaXr}, cf. 
 Ger. Kopf]. The head. 
 
 Cardo, luis, m. : A hinge of 
 a door. 
 
 Car-eo, ui, itum, ere, 2. v. 
 n. With Abi. 1. To be 
 without, not to have, to fail 
 of. — 2. To be deprived of, 
 to want [akin xsip-m, 
 *to shear']. 
 
 Carica, ae, f. [from 
 
 
 oC. uCllS, Co Ui/'lCu, jb'j. 
 
 Car-men, minis, n. 1. A poem, 
 poetrf/. — 2. A song or 
 straiit. 
 
 Carmentis, is, or Carmenta, 
 fle, f. [carmen]. One of the 
 prophetic goddesses called 
 Camenae. She was mother 
 of Evander, with whom 
 she left Arcadia for Italia. 
 
 Carpentum, i, n. A carriage, 
 chariot, 
 
 Carus, ra, rum, adj. BeloV' 
 ed, dear^ Comp, : car- 
 ior ; Sup, : car-issimus. 
 
 C5-sa, sse, f. A hut, cottage, 
 cabin, etc. 
 
 Cassis, idis, f. A helmet 
 
 Castus, ta, tum, adj. Chaste, 
 pure [akin to Gr. xad^ 
 afioi, *pure']. 
 
 Catena, 89, f. A chain, 
 fetter. 
 
 Causa, 8P, f. A cause, a 
 reason, origin. 
 
 Caveo, cavi, cantum, cavere, 
 2. V. a. To beware of, 
 guard against. 
 
 Cedo, cessi, cessum, cedere, 
 3 V. n. To give way to, 
 to yield to [akin to ;f a'Co- 
 IJ.at ( —x^^'^ojiiai), * to 
 retire ']. 
 
 Celeber, bris, bre, adj. Ceh' 
 brated. 
 
 Celebro, avi, atum, are. 1. 
 V. a. To celebrate. 
 
 Celsus, sa, sum, adj. [cel«lo]. 
 1. Raised aloft, lofty, 
 high. — 2. Haughty, proud. 
 
 Census, us, f. [censeo]. Assess- 
 
 Cerase, f. 1. IFax. —2. A 
 waxen image, of ancestors 
 [akin to Hr^ft-u^]. 
 
 4 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 113 
 
 C5realis, e. See CSres. 
 Cgr-es, Mb, f. 1. Cerea ; 
 
 the goddess of agriculture, 
 
 and mother of Proserpine. 
 
 Hence, Cergalis, ale, adj. 
 
 0/, or belonging to, Ceres ; 
 
 sacred to Ceres, — 2. Corn, 
 
 made of com. 
 Cerno, crevi, cretum, cern- 
 
 ere, 8. v, a. To perceive, 
 
 dlcern, see [akin to Gr. 
 
 Cervix, icis. f. The neck. 
 
 Certo, avi, atum, are, 1 v. 
 intens. To vie, strive. 
 
 Cesso, avi, atum, are. 1. v. 
 n. [cedo]. To cease. 
 
 Ceterus, a, um, adj. The rest 
 oft the other. 
 
 Chaos (Ablat. Chao; other 
 cases not used in the clas- 
 sic age), n. Chaos; L e. 
 the confused, shapeless 
 mass out of which the 
 universe was framed [x(Xo% 
 * a yawning gulf']. 
 
 Chorus, i, m. [ * A dance ' 
 in a ring]. A band, com- 
 pany, etc. [xopoi]. 
 
 C!bus, i, m. Food. 
 
 Ciiissa, sd, fern. adj. from 
 Cilfcia, a province in 
 Asia Minor. Spica Cilissa 
 = Cr6ctts. See note on 
 line 76. 
 
 Cinis, eris, m. Ashes [akin 
 to xovt?, * dust '1. 
 
 ilVO.a. nvam /»«t»-» ann AT/tr,n» 
 
 about. 
 Civicus, a, um. adj. Cmc, 
 civil [civis]. 
 
 ClSrius, a, um, adj. Claris 
 an. See note on line 20. 
 
 Clarus, a, um, adj. IlluS' 
 triotts. 
 
 Clau«do, si, sum, dSre, 3?y, 
 a. To shut, to shut up, 
 shut in, enclose. — Pass. : 
 clau-dor, sus sum, di [akin 
 toxXei-Qo, * to shut']. 
 
 Clausus, a, um, P. perf. 
 pass, ofclaudo. 
 
 Clava, se, f. A club. 
 
 1. Claviger, gera, gSrum, 
 adj. [clavis-gero]. Key- 
 bearing (228). 
 
 2. Clav-i-ger, ggra, gerum, 
 adj. [clav-a,'aclub;'ger-o, 
 
 • carry ']. Club-bearing, 
 club-carrying, -—As Subst. : 
 claviger, eri, m. A club' 
 bearer, elub-carrier. 
 
 Clavis, is, f. [cf. nXetil 
 A key. 
 
 Clivus, i, m. [clino]. A de- 
 clivity. 
 
 Clusius ii, m. [claudo]. A 
 surname of Janus, whose 
 temple was shut in time 
 of peace. 
 
 Coel-estis, este, adj. [ccelum, 
 
 * heaven ']. Hcavenhj, 
 celestial. — As Subst. : coel. 
 estes, lum, or fim, comm. 
 gen. plur. The heavenly 
 deities, the celestial gods. 
 
 Ccelum, i, n. Heaven ; the 
 sky [akin to ho2\o?. 
 
 i ■u^n — n 
 
 liUllUW J. 
 
 Coerceo, lii, itum, ere. 2. v. 
 a. [coTj-arceo]. To re- 
 strain, the use of. 
 
114 P. OVIDII NASONIS FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 ihl 
 
 1 
 
 [Coepio], coepi, coeptum, 8. 
 
 V. a. To begin. 
 Cogriomeii, inis, n. A sur- 
 name [cum-nomen]. ^ 
 Cognosce, gnovi, gnitum. 
 g'loscere, 3. v. a. [co ( = 
 cum), gnosco— T^osco]. To 
 become well acquainted 
 wi*h : in Perf. tenses, to 
 have knowled >e of^ to know. 
 Pass. : co-gnoscor, gnUus 
 sum, gnosci. 
 Cogo, coegi,coactum,cogere, 
 3. V. a. [contr. fr. co-ago; 
 fr. CO ( = cum), 'together;' 
 ago, * to drive']. To com- 
 2)ely forcef constrain. 
 Col-labefacto, no perf. nor 
 sup., labefactare, 1. v. 
 a [for con-labefacto]. To 
 make to totter vioUntly ; 
 to make, or cause, to 
 reel. 
 CoUatus, a, urn, P. perf. 
 
 pass, of confero. 
 Coilis, is, m. A hill [akin to 
 
 KoXoovrf]. 
 CoUum, i, n. The nech^ 
 Colo; c51ui, cultum, colere, 
 3. V. a. and n. : 1. a. 
 Act. : To dwell In, to 
 follow a custom (225), to 
 worship (530). — Pass. : 
 color, cultus sum, coli. 
 Colcnus, i, m. [colo], A 
 husbandman, farmer. 
 
 Coluinba, 
 
 
 sacred to Venus. 
 Com-e-s, c8mitis,comm, gen. 
 [fr. com (=cum), * to- 
 gether ;' eo, *to go']. 
 
 1. A companion. — 2. An 
 attendant on a person. 
 Com-mitto, misi, missum, 
 mittere, 3. v. a. [com 
 (=cum), mitto]. To en^ 
 trust, assign to, to join 
 (battle), to consign to. 
 Communis, e, adj. [com- 
 munus]. Common, to two 
 or more. 
 Compitum, 1. n. [com-peto]. 
 
 A cross-road. 
 Com-pono, posui, positum, 
 ponere, 3. v. a. [com ( = 
 cum>, 'together;' pono, 'to 
 put ']. To compose, or put 
 together, in line 708, to 
 build, a temple. Pass.: 
 com-ponor, positus sum, 
 poni. 
 Comptus, a, um, part. J of 
 como, psi, ptum, ere) 
 [HOjueoo, coma]. Well ar- 
 ranged, erf the hair. 
 Concedo, cessi, cessum, ere, 
 
 3. V. n. To give way. 
 Concentus, iis,m. [con-cano]. 
 
 Song, harmony. 
 
 Concipio, cepi, ceptum, ere. 
 
 3. V. a. To conceive, make. 
 
 Concolor, oris, adj. [cum- 
 
 color]. 0/ the same cMour 
 
 with. 
 
 Conditor, oris, m. [condo= 
 
 to build]. A fowidcr. 
 Conditus, a, um [part, of 
 
 nn-nAcil flnniinpA {^^A\. 
 
 Con-do, d!di, ditum, de e, 8. 
 V. a. [con (=cum), 'to- 
 gether ;' do, * to put ']. 
 To close, to covfine. 
 
 ^ 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 115 
 
 An 
 
 Con-fero, con-tuli,col-latum, 
 con-ferre, 3. v. a. [con 
 ( = cum), fero]. To bring 
 together, compress. Collata 
 dextra = m hand to hand 
 fight. — Pass. : con-feror, 
 col-latus sum, con-feni. 
 Confusus, u, urn, part, of 
 
 confundo. 
 Con f undo, fudi, confusum, 
 ere, 3. v. a. To pour 
 together^ to blend, confuse. 
 Con-fuglo, fugi, fugitum, 
 fiigere, 3. v. n. [con, 
 *with;' fiigio, *to flee']. 
 To flee for refuge or suc- 
 cour, to betake one's self. 
 Conjunctus. See conjnngo. 
 Conjungo, nxi, nctum, ere, 
 3. V. a- To join together, 
 adjoin, 
 Conjunx. See conjux. 
 Conjux, iigis, comm. gen. 
 [for conjug-s]. 1. Of men : 
 A husband. — 2 . Of women : 
 A wife, spouse, — 3. Of 
 birds : A mate, 
 Conor, atus, ari, 1. v. dep. 
 
 To endeavour. 
 Con-sci-us, a, um, adj. [con 
 ( = cum), * with ;' sci-o, 
 * t^ know ']. Conscious 
 to one^s self etc., self- 
 conscious. 
 Consisto, stiti, stitum, sist- 
 ere, 3 v. n. [con (= cum), 
 insisto]. To place one' sseljf, 
 to luiCG Up one s abode, 
 Consors, rtis, adj. [cou-sors]. 
 Sharing. As Subst. jf;a/'^ 
 
 ner. Consorjes operums- 
 
 partners in toil. 
 Conspicuus, a, um. adj. [con- 
 
 spicio]. Conspicuous, dis' 
 
 anguished. 
 Constitiio, lii, utum, ere, 3. 
 
 V. a. To determine, to 
 
 erect, tofGund. 
 Consue-sco, vi, turn, scere, 
 
 3. V. n. inch, [consiie-o, 
 * to be accustomed ']. To 
 accustom one's self. In 
 Perf. tenses, to have accus- 
 tomed one's self, i. e. to 
 be accustomed or wont, — 
 Pass. : consue-scor, tus 
 sum, sci. 
 
 Consiilo, iii, turn, ere, 3. v. 
 n. and a. To take counsel 
 01 measures ; to consult, 
 
 Contineo, iii, tentum, ere, 2. 
 V. a. [con-teneoj. To re- 
 strain, check. 
 
 Contingo, tigi, tactum, ere 
 [con-tango]. To touch, to 
 reach, to fall to one's lot. 
 
 Convenio, veni, ventum, ire, 
 
 4. V. n^ To be becoming. 
 C-op-ia, lae, f. [contr. fr. co- 
 
 op-ia; fr. co ( = cum), (ops) 
 
 opis, * means']. Plenty. 
 Cor, cordis, n. The heart. 
 CSronatus, a, um, part. 
 
 [corono, avi, attim, are]. 
 
 Crowned. 
 Coronis, ^dis, f. [Koftooyi^]. 
 
 Coronis, the mother of 
 
 /Eseulapius, the god of 
 
 medicine. 
 Corp-us, oris, n. A b^dy. 
 
116 P. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 I ; 
 
 I i'^^4 
 
 ill; 
 
 Corrigo, rexi, rectum, Sre, 
 3 V. a. [con-rego]. To cor- 
 recty improve, 
 Corripio, ui, reptum, ere, 8. 
 
 V. a. To reprove, rebuke, 
 Corvus, i, m. [uopa^], A 
 
 raven. 
 Cred-ibilis, ibile, adj. [cre- 
 do, 'to believe']. Cred- 
 %ble. 
 Cre-do, didi, ditum, 3. v. n. 
 and a. : Act. With Objec- 
 tive clause: To believe, 
 or suppose, that ; — line 
 673 credas, pres. snbj., 
 is used in an indefinite 
 force, and the pres. tense 
 is employed on account 
 of proflat, which precedes 
 it, being the Historic pre- 
 sent : one might believe 
 that, — Pass. : cre-dor, 
 ditus sum, di. 
 Cres, etis gen. plur. Cretum 
 (line 594). A Cretm, The 
 fern, form is Cressa, ». 
 Cresco, crevi, cretum, ere, 
 3. v. n. [creo]. To in- 
 crease. 
 Crevit. See cresco. 
 Cri-men, minis, n. [probably 
 akin to cerno]. 1. A 
 charge, accusation. — 2. A 
 crime, fault, offence. 
 Cii-nis, uis, m. [for ere- 
 nis ; fr, CRB, root of ere- 
 
 < 4.,^ ^..rMiTn TJt£t 
 
 HUU, h\J ^IWVT J. J. rt^v 
 
 hair of the head. — Plur. : 
 The locks [cf. ep/'l, rpix- 
 
 Oristatus, a,' um, adj. [crista 
 
 =a crest, comb of a cock]. 
 
 Crested, with a comb. 
 
 Ales = the cock. 
 Crocus, i. m. The saffron 
 
 flower [6r. hp6ko%\, 
 Culp\ 86, f. [cf. scelus]. A 
 
 fault. 
 Cultrix, icis, f. [cultor]. As 
 
 adj.: qualifyingoB^as (246), 
 
 worshipping, or religious. 
 
 See note 245. 
 
 1. Cultus, a, um : 1. P. perf. 
 pass, of colo. — 2. Pa. 
 cultivated, polished. In- 
 neut. piur. line 683, sown 
 lands, fields, (Comp. 
 cultior); Sup.: cult-issi- 
 mus. 
 
 2. Cul-tus, tris, m. [for coi- 
 tus ; fr. c61-o, * to culti- 
 vate']. A cultivating; 
 cultivation, tillage. 
 
 1. Cum, prep. gov. abl. With, 
 together with. [Gr. ^vv, 
 dvv], 
 
 2. Cum, conj, i. q. quum. 
 When, 
 
 Cunctus, a, um (most fre- 
 quently plur.), adj. [contr. 
 from conjunctus]. All. 
 
 Ciipido inis, f. [cupio]. 
 Desire, lust. 
 
 Cur, adv. [contr. fr. qua re, or 
 cui rei]. Why, wherefore. 
 
 Cur-a, 86, f. [for coer-a ; fr. 
 nnjnr.n. *t.o seek'l. Care, 
 anxiety, solicitude. 
 
 Curro, cUcurri, cursum,curr. 
 ere, 3. v. n. 1. To run. 
 
 v^ 
 
 I*, 
 
. 
 
 VOOABULART. 
 
 117 
 
 [crista 
 
 I cock]. 
 
 comb. 
 
 saffron 
 
 Lus]. A 
 
 or]. As 
 IS (246), 
 lUgious. 
 
 P. perf. 
 -2. Pa. 
 d. In- 
 3, sown 
 (Comp. 
 ult-issi- 
 
 [for col- 
 ;o culti- 
 
 ivating ; 
 
 ■> 
 
 5. With, 
 r. kvvy 
 
 quum. 
 
 lost fre- 
 . [contr. 
 All. 
 [cupio]. 
 
 ][ua re, or 
 hcrefore. 
 er-a ; fr. 
 ']. Care, 
 
 •9 
 
 uni,curr- 
 To run. 
 
 I'T* 
 
 \ 
 
 ^i 
 
 — 2. Of streams : To ruUf 
 flow. 
 
 Custodi-a, 88, f. [custodi-o, 
 *to guard']. 1. A guard- 
 ing ^ or guardianship, — 2, 
 A guards guardian. 
 
 Oustos, odis, c. A guardian, 
 watch, 
 
 Dam-nuni, ni, n. Hurt, 
 harm, damage^ injury, 
 loss [akin Gr4 daju-do}, 
 * to tame']. 
 
 Dardanius, a^ um, adj. Dar- 
 danian, Trojan; belong, 
 ing to Dardanus. 
 
 Dardanus, i, m. Son of 
 Jupiter and Electra, and 
 ancestor of the royal house 
 of Troy; hence Dardanius 
 is used by the poets for 
 Trojan. 
 
 De, prep. gov. abl. : 1. 
 irom, away from, — 2. 
 From, down from. — 3. 
 From,or out of : From, by, 
 by means of. 
 
 De-a, ae, f. [akin to de-us]. 
 A goddess. 
 
 Dederis, fut. perf. of do = to 
 give. 
 
 Dedissem, pluperf. subj. of 
 do. 
 
 De-dSco, duxi, due turn, diic- 
 ere, 3. v. a. [de, *down;* 
 duco, *to draw']. To 
 draw down, to bring down. 
 
 sum, dCici. 
 Defendo, di, sum, ere. 3. v. 
 a. To defend. 
 
 Defensus, a» um, part, from 
 defendo. 
 
 Deficio, feci, fectum, ere, 3. 
 V. n. To fail, of the 
 crops. 
 
 DelilK), avi, atum, are, 1. v. 
 a. [de-libo]. To taste. 
 
 Delphin, inis (Ace. Delph- 
 ina), m. The Dolphin; 
 the constellation into 
 which Jupiter changed the 
 dolphin that saved Arion 
 when he leaped from the 
 ship [AeXipiv], 
 
 De-mitto, m i s i, missura, 
 mittere, 3. v. a. [de-mitto.] 
 1. To let down.— -2. P. 
 perf. pass. : Of the hair : 
 jDishevelkd. Sedemiserit = 
 shall have set. — Pass.: de- 
 mittor, missus sum, mitti. 
 
 Demo, psi, ptum, ere, 3. v. 
 a. [contr. fr, de-emo . ] To 
 take away. — Pass. : dem- 
 or, ptus sum, i. 
 
 Deni-que, adv. [fr. dein, 
 *then ;' que, *and']. 1. 
 At length, at last. — 2. In 
 a word, in short, briefly. 
 
 Dependeo, ere, 2. n. To de- 
 pend, to be derived. In 
 line 611, * Augury also is 
 derived from (the origin of) 
 this word. * 
 
 Descendo, scendi, scensum, 
 ere, 3. v. n. [de-scando], 
 
 De-sero, seriii, sertum, ser- 
 Sre, 3. V. a. [de, sero]. To 
 forsake, abandon, desert.-^ 
 
118 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 
 F|P 
 
 Pass; : de-sSroT, sertus 
 
 sum, seri. 
 Desieram, pluperf. ind. of 
 
 desino. 
 De-sin o, sivi or sii, situm, 
 
 siiiere, 3. v.a. [de, *away;' 
 
 sino, *to put']. To cease 
 
 or desist, to leave off. 
 Destino, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 
 V. a. [i(SrdvGo], Todes- 
 
 tinCf to determine. 
 De-sum, fui, esse, v. n. [de, 
 
 *away ; * sum, * to be ']. 
 
 To be away or absent; to 
 
 be wanting. 
 Deus, i (Nom. plui. dl), m. 
 
 Jl god, deity [akin to Gr. 
 
 0£O5]. 
 
 Devoveo, vovi, votum, ere, 
 
 2. V. a. To devote. 
 Dex-ter, tra, trum, adj. To 
 
 or on, the right side ; right, 
 
 propitious. 
 Dextera (dextra), ». See 
 
 dextra. 
 Dextra, se, f. (sc. manus). 
 
 The right hand. 
 Dicatus, a, um. [part of dico, 
 
 avi, atum,are] . Dedicated. 
 Dico, dixi, dictum, dicere, 
 
 3. y. ^.. 1. To say.— 2. 
 To tell of, declare, men- 
 tion, etc, — 3. To speak , 
 utter. Pass.: dicor, dic- 
 tus sura, dici [akin to Gr. 
 Sein-yvj^i]. 
 
 Dic-tum, ti, n. [dic-o, ' to 
 
 speak']. A word, 
 Dictus, a, um. [See dico]. 
 
 Cal/ed. 
 Didici, perf. ind. of disco. 
 
 Dies, ei, m. (in sing, some- 
 times f.) A day^ time. 
 
 Ditfero, differre, distuli, di- 
 latum, V. irreg. [dis-fero]. 
 To put off, delay. 
 
 Difficilis, e, adj. [dis-facilis] 
 Difficult, churlish. 
 
 Di-gero, gessi, gestum, ger- 
 ere, 3. v. a. [di ( = dis), 
 gero.] To distribute J divide 
 out, arrange. — Pass.: di- 
 geror, gestus sum.geri. 
 
 Digestus, a, um, P. perf. 
 pass, of digero. 
 
 Dig-nus, na, num, adj. With 
 Abl : Worthy or deserv- 
 ing of [akin to dic-o]. 
 
 DIrigo, rexi, rectum, ere, 
 [rego] 3. V. act. To direct. 
 
 Di-rus, ra,rum, adj. Fearful, 
 terrible, dire, appalling 
 [prob. akin to dei-doo, 
 * to fear ']. 
 
 Dis, ditis, m. [akin to deus] 
 Dis or Pluto ; the god of 
 the lower world, who car- 
 ried off Proserpine, the 
 daughter of Ceres, while 
 gathering flowers in the 
 fields of Henna. 
 
 Dis-cedo, cessi, cessum, ced- 
 ere, 3, v. n. [dis, cedoj. To 
 go away, depart. 
 
 Disc-o, didici, no sup. , disc- 
 ere, 3. v. a. To learn, 
 come to know, become aC" 
 quainted with. 
 
 Discrimen, inis, n. [dis-cer- 
 no]. A distinctio7i, divi- 
 sion, line of separation. 
 
 Dispono, posiii, positum, 
 
 ¥" 
 
 Di 
 
 B) 
 
 Di 
 Di 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 » 
 
 E 
 
VOCABULARY, 
 
 119 
 
 i 
 
 M 
 
 ?re, 8. V. a. To set in 
 order, arrange. 
 
 Dispositus, a, um. See dis- 
 pone. 
 
 Diu, adv. [old ab^. form of 
 dies, * a day ']. x or a long 
 time, long. 
 
 Diva, se, f. [fern, of Divus, 
 61 o^]. A goddess, 
 
 Diver-sus, sa, sum, adj . [dl- 
 vert-o]. 1. Turned away. 
 — 2. Different, diverse. 
 Di versa (283) = indiffer- 
 ent directions. 
 
 Div-es, itis, adj.: 1. Bich, 
 wealthy. — 2. With Gen. 
 liich or abounding in. 
 
 Dividuus, a, um. adj. [divi- 
 de]. Divided. 
 
 Divitiae, arum f. plur. 
 [dives]. Riches; of crops, 
 rankness. 
 
 Bixeram, dixi, pluperf. and 
 perf. 'nd. of dico. 
 
 Do, dedi, datum, dare. 1. 
 V. a. : 1. To give in the 
 widest acceptation of the 
 term. — 2. To allot, assign. 
 — 3. To supply, furnish. — 
 4. — Of a sound: To give 
 forth.-— '6. Of a favour, 
 etc. To grant, concede 
 [akin to Gr. St-dGO-jni]. 
 
 Doctus, a, um, adj. or part, 
 [fr. doceo]. (a) Learned^ 
 (b) wise. 
 
 (from ionius). Domestic, 
 household. 
 Do mo, tii, itum, are, 1. v. a. 
 
 [SafxccGi) and Eng. tame] 
 
 To conquer, oi^ercome. 
 Domus, i and iis, f . : 1. ^ 
 
 dwelling, abode, house, . 
 
 home, [dojuoi]. 
 Do-num, ni, n. 1. .4 gift^ 
 present. — 2. A gift, or , 
 
 offering, to the gods. 
 Drusus, i, m. See notes on 
 
 lines 11 and 597. 
 Diic-o, duxi, ductam, duc- 
 
 ere, 3. v. a. To lead, 
 
 draw. 
 Dulc-is, e, adj. Sweet, de» ■ 
 
 lightjful [usually referred 
 
 to yXvHvi]. 
 Dum, conj. [akin to diu]. 
 
 Vrhile, whilst, ac long as, 
 
 until. 
 Duo, 86, o, num. adj. plur. 
 
 Two. — As Subst. : 2Vo 
 
 persons [dvo]. 
 Duplex, plicis, adj. [duo- 
 
 plico]. Double. 
 Dux, ducis, comm. gen. [for 
 
 duc-s ; fr. diic-o, * to 
 
 lead']. 1. A leader, con- 
 
 ductor, guide. — 2. A gene- 
 ral, commander, etc. 
 E. See ex. 
 Eat, pres, subj. of eo, ire, 
 
 to go. 
 Ebur, oris, n. Ivory. 
 Ec-ce, demonstr. particle 
 
 [for en-ce ; fr. en, * lo !* 
 
 suffix, ce]. Lo ! see! be- 
 
 l^nlrl t 
 
 Edo, edXdi, editum, ere. To 
 
 give forth, to declare. 
 Eiiero, extiili, elatiMu, ferre, 
 
120 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 «fc» 
 
 
 V. a. irreg. To bring forth, 
 
 raise. 
 Efficio, feci, fectum, 5re. 8. 
 
 V. a. To effect, make, 
 Egerat, pluperf . of ago. 
 Ego, Gen. mei (plur. nos), 
 
 pers. pron. /. 
 E-gredior, gressus sum. 
 
 gredi, 3. v. dep. fr. e(= 
 
 ex), * out ;' gradior * to 
 
 step ']. To go out or come 
 
 forth. 
 
 1. Egressus, us, m. Outgo- 
 ing [egredior]. 
 
 2. Egressus, a, um, part, of 
 egredior. 
 
 Ejaculor, atus. h v. dep. 
 To throw out, send forth. 
 
 Elicio, licui, or lexi, licitum, 
 ere, 3. v. a. [lacio]. To 
 call forth, to elicit. 
 
 Emensus, a, um, P. perf. of 
 emetior. 
 
 Emeritus, a, um, [part of 
 emereo, ui, itum, ere. 2. v. 
 a. To serve out one's time]. 
 Discharged from service, of 
 a plough. 
 
 F-metior, mensus sum, met- 
 iri, 4. V. dep. [e (= ex), 
 * out ;' metior, * to mea- 
 sure ']. Of space : To tra- 
 verse, pass over or through. 
 
 Emitto, misi, missum, ere, 3. 
 V. a. To send forth. 
 
 Enim, conj. For. 
 
 XjUSiSy 13, 111. UT. ottyviiA-i 
 
 Eo, ivi, or ii, itum, ire, v. 
 n. : 1. Togo.— 2. Imipers. 
 Pass.: itur, It is gone by 
 
 one ; i. e. one, etc., goes; 
 [6r. i-evat, * to go ']. 
 EoQs, a, iim, adj. [^Hgo'?]. 
 Belonging to the dawn, 
 eastern. 
 Equ-us, i;^ m. A horse [akin 
 
 to Gr. iTCTto?]. 
 Ergo, adv. [akin to vergo, 
 
 * to bend']. Therefore. 
 E-ripio, ripui, reptum, rip- 
 ere, 3. v. a. [for e-rapio ; 
 fr. e ( = ex), * away ;* 
 rapio, *to snatch.'] To 
 snatch away from. — Pass. : 
 e-ripior, reptus sum, ripi. 
 Erro, avi, atum, are, 1 . v. n. 
 
 To wander, roam, stray. 
 Error, oris, m. [err-o, * to 
 wander']. A ivandcring, 
 error, 
 Eriio, iii, utum, 3. v. a. To 
 
 cast out, to bring to light. 
 Erythe-is, idos (Ace. Plur. 
 Erythcidas), f. adj. [Ery- 
 the-a, *Erythua;' a small 
 island or peninsula in the 
 bay of Gades (now Cadiz), 
 where the giant Geryon 
 kept his herds of cattle]. 
 Of, or belonging to, Ery- 
 thea ; Erythean. 
 Et, conj.: 1. And, also, too. 
 
 —2. Even [Gr, eri]. 
 Etruscus, a, um, adj. Etrus- 
 can, belonging to Etruria, 
 Evander, dri, m. Evander, 
 
 SV/X& \rx jus.\Ji. 
 
 
 aiivi. \_'t.t.i. - 
 
 mentis, came before the 
 Trojan war from Arcadia 
 into Italy, where he 
 
 O^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 in 
 
VOOABULAUY. 
 
 121 
 
 ^ 
 
 e^ 
 
 (for- 
 
 founded Pallantinm on the 
 Tiber, and softened the 
 manners of the inhabit- 
 ants. 
 Evello, velli and vulsi, vul- 
 sura vellere, 3. v. a. To 
 tear away. 
 Eventus, us, m. [e-venio]. 
 
 Event. 
 Eversus. See everto. 
 E-verto, verti, versun), vert- 
 ere, 3. v. a. [e (=ex), 
 *out;' verto, *to turn']. 
 To overthroWy destroy . 
 Evolvo, evolvi, evolutum, 
 ere, 3. v. a. To unroll. 
 Evulsus, a, um, P. perf. 
 
 pass, of evello. 
 Ex (e), prep. gov. abl. 
 From, aivay from. Of, 
 out of [^^]. 
 Exactus, a, um. [part, of ex- 
 igo, e^i, actum, ere.] Con- 
 eluded. 
 Exanimatus, a, um, adj. 
 
 Lifeless. 
 Excipio, cepi, ceptum, Sre. 
 To take out, accept, [From 
 ex, and capio.] 
 Excursus, a, um, P. perf. 
 
 pass, of excutio. 
 Ex-cutio, cussijcussum, cut- 
 ere, 3 v. a. [for ex-quatio], 
 1. To shake out or from. 
 ~ 2. To shake off, drive 
 away. 
 Exemptus, a, um, part, of 
 
 eximo. 
 Exiguus, a, um, adj. Small, 
 
 Eximo, emi, emptum, 5 re. 
 
 To take away. 
 Exilium. See exsilium. 
 Ex-pello, puli, pulsum, pell- 
 ere, 3. v. a. [ex, * out ;' 
 pello, • to drive ']. Of the 
 sea as Subject. : To cast out 
 or itp on the land. 
 Expers, rtis [ex-pars], cum 
 gen. Free from, without. 
 Exsero, ui, turn, ere, 3. v. 
 
 a. To project, to raise. 
 Ex-silio, silui, sultum, silire, 
 4. V. n. [ex-salio]. To leap 
 out or forth, to leap or 
 spring up. 
 Exsil-ium, ii, n. [fr. exsul, 
 *an exile*]. 1. Banish- 
 ment, exile.— 2. Place of 
 banishment or exile. 
 Ex-8ul, sulis, comm. gen. 
 [fr. ex, *out of;* s61-um, 
 ♦ land, country ']. A ban- 
 ished person, an exile. 
 Exta, orum. n. pi. The 
 nobler internal parts of 
 the victim, heart, liver, 
 
 etc. 
 
 Extenuo, avi, atum, aie. 1. 
 V. a. To efface.- 
 
 Ex-ter (terus), tera, terum, 
 adj. [ex, *out*]. On the 
 outside, outward. {Comp.: 
 exterior, us). —Sup. : extre- 
 mus (and extimus), a, um : 
 (a) Outermost,utmo8t^fur- 
 thest. — (b) In time : 
 Latest, last. 
 
 Extimesco, mui, ere. 3. v. 
 inchoat. To far greatly. 
 
122 p. OVIDIl NASONIS FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 : I 
 
 Fl 
 
 Extremus, a, um. See exter. 
 Exul. See exsul. 
 Fab-ius. ii, m. [fab-a, 'a 
 bean']. 1. Fabius ; the 
 name of a Roman gens or 
 clan, claiming descent 
 from Hercules, which 
 reckoned amongst its mem- 
 bers many illustrious men. 
 —2. Plur. : The Fabii, 
 Face, or fac. [imperat. of 
 
 facio]. Make thou. 
 Facies, ei, f. [facio]. Face, 
 
 form, aspect. 
 Facilis, e, adj. [facio]. Easy, 
 
 ready. 
 Facinus, oris, n. [facio]. A 
 
 misdeed, crime. 
 Facio, feci factum, ere, 3. v. 
 a. To make ; in line 597, 
 to give. In pass. : fio, 
 fieri, factus sum. To he 
 inade, to become. 
 Factum, i. n. [facio]. A work. 
 
 deed. 
 Facundia, se, f. [for, fari], 
 
 Eloquence. 
 Falcifer, era, erum, adj. 
 [falx-fero]. Scythe-bearing, 
 epithet of Saturn as god 
 of time. 
 Fallare, same as fallaris, 
 
 pres. subj. pass, of fallo. 
 Fallo, fefelli, falsum, ere, 3. 
 V. a. To deceive, conceal. 
 Pass.: fallor, falsus sum 
 [6q>oiXkod\. _ 
 
 Faliscus, a, um, adj. J5e- 
 longing to Falerii in Etru- 
 ria, Faliscan, 
 
 Falsus, a, um,part. [of fallo]. 
 False. 
 
 Famulus, a, um, adj. Ser^ 
 vile, captive. 
 
 Far, farris, n. Spelt, a kind 
 of grain. In plur. far "a, 
 line 128, etc. 
 
 Fas, indecl. n. [fari]. Right; 
 what is permitted by re- 
 ligion. Si licet et fas est= 
 if it be alloived by human 
 and divine laws. 
 
 Fasces (plur. of fascis, i% m. ) 
 The fasces, a bundle of 
 rods bound round an axe, 
 carried by the lictors be- 
 fore the consuls. 
 
 Fassus, a, um, part, of fateor. 
 
 Fasti, orum. See fastus. 
 
 Fa-stus, sta, stum, adj. [f(a)- 
 or, *to speak']. Law t. 
 t. : * on which it is allowed 
 to speak;' fasti, orum, 
 m. plur. (* Speaking days 
 or court-days,* i. e. a list 
 of the days for the sittings 
 of judges ; hence) A cal- 
 endar, almanack, i. e. a 
 list of all the days in the 
 year, with their events, 
 festivals, e^c— Fasti is 
 the title of a work by Ovid, 
 consisting of twelve books, 
 of which six only have 
 come down to us. 
 Fateor, fassus sum, eri, 2. v. 
 dep. [fari, (pda)]. To con- 
 fess. 
 Fa-tum, ti, n. [f(a).or, *to 
 speak']. 1. Destiny, fate. 
 
 «vV^ 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 123 
 
 fallo]. 
 
 akind 
 . far-a, 
 
 Bight; 
 by re- 
 IS est= 
 human 
 
 , is, m.) 
 idle of 
 an axe, 
 ors be- 
 
 f ate or, 
 stus. 
 ij. [f(a). 
 Law t. 
 lUowed 
 oruin, 
 ig days 
 . a list 
 sittings 
 A cal- 
 i. e. a 
 s in the 
 events, 
 ASTI is 
 ^yOvid, 
 e books, 
 y have 
 
 iri, 2. V. 
 To con* 
 
 |.or, *to 
 ly, fate. 
 
 ^r 
 
 r'4 
 
 
 2. Plur. : Personified : 
 
 The Fates; the goddesses 
 of destiny. 
 
 Fausius, a, urn, adj. [faveoj. 
 FortunatCt auspicious. 
 
 Faveo, favi, fautum, ere 2. 
 V. n. To be favourable. 
 
 Fe-lix, licis, adj. [fe-o, *to 
 produce']. Happy, for- 
 tunate, prosperous. 
 
 Fenus, oris, n. Interest on 
 capital lent. 
 
 Fera, 86. See ferus. 
 
 Ferax, acis, adj. [feroj. 
 Fruitful. 
 
 Ferendus, a, urn. Gerundive 
 
 of fero. 
 
 Ferio, no perf. nor sup.,. ire, 
 4 V. a. To strike, fctc^— 
 Pass. : ferior, no perf. iri. 
 
 Fero, tuli, latum, ferre, v. 
 irreg. : To bear, carry, 
 obtain, endure. At line 
 626 ferunt=i^ is said, they 
 say [akin to (pepoo]. 
 
 Ferox, ocis, adj. : 1. In a 
 good sense. Spirited, boUi, 
 courageous.—^' In J "^ad 
 sense : Fierce, violent, hedd- 
 
 strong. 
 Fer-us, a, um, adj,: 1. Ol 
 animals : Wild. — As 
 Subst. : (a) f erus, i, m. A 
 wild animal ; of Geryon s 
 cattle stolen from Hercules 
 by Cacu8;(b)fer-a, », f- 
 A wild beast.— '2.. Cruel, 
 fierce, savage [akin ^to 
 Orjp, in ^olic dialect (pt/p, 
 * a wUd animal ']. 
 
 Fervidus, a,um, adj. [feiveo 
 
 Oepoo]. Hot. 
 Festum, i,n. A feast, festival 
 Festus, a, um, adj. [faii]. 
 
 Festive. 
 
 1. Fe-tus, tus, m. [fe-o, *to 
 produce or bring forth']. 
 Vounq ones,off spring, pro- 
 duce. 
 
 2. Fetus, a um, adj. Preg- 
 nant, fruitful. 
 
 Fictilis, e, adj. [fingo]. ifac^e 
 
 of clay. 
 Fid-es ei, f. [fid-o, 'to 
 trust']. Trust,faith,belief. 
 A given promise, a pledge. 
 Figo, fixi, fixum, figere, 3. 
 V. a.: 1. To fix ov fasten. 
 —2. Pass.: figor, iixus 
 sum, figi [prob. akin to 
 6q>iy-yoOy *to bind 
 tight ']. 
 Fig-iira, ur88, f . [fig, root of 
 fingo, * to form ']. Form, 
 shape, figure. 
 Fin-io, ivi or ii, itum, ire, 
 4. V. a. [fin-is]. To end, to 
 finish. 
 Fi-nis, nis, m. An end, 
 
 bound, limit, 
 Fin-itimus, itima, ftimum, 
 adj. [fin-is]. Bordering 
 upon, adjoining, neigh- 
 bouring. —As Subst. : f in- 
 itimi. orum, m.plur. The 
 neighbouring people, those 
 in the neighbourhood. 
 Fio, fieri. See facio. 
 T!«;riiio S.yij atuni, are, 1. ▼• 
 "" 'arffirmus]. To strengthen. 
 
124 p. OVIDII NAS0NI8 PASTORUM LIB. I, 
 
 Flam-ma, mse, f. A flame 
 [fr. ttag-ro, *to burn or 
 blaze ;• akin to Gr. (pXey- 
 GO, * to burn ']. 
 Fleo, flevi, fletum, flere, 2. 
 V. n. and a. To weep, shed 
 tear 8 f to weep for [akin to 
 qyyi'OO, *to gush or over- 
 flow '] 
 Flexus, us, m. [flecto]. Bend- 
 ing, 
 Floreo, iii, ere, 2. v. n. [flos]. 
 
 Tojlourisht bloom. ^ 
 Fluc-tus, tiis, m. [fr. fluo, * to 
 
 flow ']. A billowt wave, 
 Flu-men, minis, n. [flu-o, 
 *to flow']. A stream, 
 river. 
 Focus, i, m. A fire-place, 
 
 hearth. 
 Foenum. i, n. Bay, 
 Fon-s, tis, m. [fr. fund-o. 
 * to pour forth*]. A spring 
 fountain. 
 Fontanus, a, um, adj. [fons]. 
 
 Belonging to fountains. 
 For, faius sum, fari, 1. v. n. 
 and a. defect, [cf. gxxoo, 
 <p7;/i/]. To say, to speak, 
 For-is, is, f. A door [akin to 
 
 Gr. 9j}p'a], 
 Forma, se, f. [cf. Mopq>ff]. 
 
 Form. 
 Formatus, a, um, part, of 
 formo, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 V. a. [forma]. To form. 
 Formica, 8e,f. [jiivpMV^l -^^ 
 
 ant. 
 For-tis, te, adj. 1. Strong. 
 —2. Brave, bold, cour- 
 
 ageous, stout; — for male 
 fortis, see male [for fer- 
 tis ? fr. f§r-o ; and so, 
 
 * that bears ; ' hence, 
 
 * strong ']. 
 
 F5rum, i, n. [fero], A 
 market place. 
 
 Fortuna, 8B, f. [fors]. For- 
 tune, destiny, 
 
 Foveo, fovi, fotum, ere, 2. 
 V. a. To keep warm, 
 cherish. 
 
 Fractus, a, um, P. perf. 
 pass, of frango. 
 
 Frag-or, oris, m. [frango, 
 *to break,* through root 
 7RA.0]. A crashing, as 
 when something is broken 
 to pieces, a crash. 
 
 Frango, fregi, fractum, fran- 
 
 fere, 3. v. a. 1. To 
 reak, shiver, etc. ---2. (To 
 ftreaik in purpose ; i.e.) To 
 soften, nwve, ^owcA-.— Pass.: 
 frangor, fractus sum, 
 frangi [akin to Gr. piiy- 
 vvjui], 
 Frater, tris, m. A brother. 
 Frenum, i, n. A bridle, curb, 
 
 rein. 
 Fretum. i, n. (*A strait']. 
 
 The sea. 
 Frig-idus, ida, !dum, adj. 
 [frig-eo, Mo be cold']. 
 Cold, chill. Comp. : frigid- 
 ior. , 
 
 Frigor, oris, n. [cf. p lyo^. 
 Cold, 
 
 1. Frons, dis, f. A leaf- 
 
 2. Frons, tis, f. Brow, front. 
 
 ii> 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 125 
 
 Fruges, uin, (more rarely in 
 the sing. frux. frugis) 
 [fruor]. Fruits of the field, 
 as distinguished from fnic- 
 tus, fruits of trees. 
 
 Fruor, fructus sum, frui, 3. 
 v.dep. y^ithAbl. To enjoy. 
 
 Fug-a/se. I. [fugio, * to flee']. 
 A fleeing^ flight. 
 
 Fugarat = fugaverat, from 
 
 Fugio,fugi, fugitum, fugere, 
 3. V. n. To flee. 
 
 Fugo, avi, atum, are, 1. v. 
 a, causat. [fugio]. To put 
 to flighty to exile. 
 
 Ful^eo, fulsi, ere, 2. v. n. 
 To flashy to shine. 
 
 Fulmen, inis, n. [fulgeo]. 
 Lightning. 
 
 Fii-mus, mi, m. Smoke; — 
 at line 577 in plur. [akin 
 to Gr. Qv'GOy *to rush']. 
 
 Funestus, a, um, adj.[funus]. 
 Fatal. 
 
 Fu-nus, neris, n.: 1.-4 dead 
 body, corpse.— '2. Funeral 
 rites; a fvneral, burial. 
 3. Deatli. 
 
 Furiosus, a, um, adj. [furo]. 
 Mad, raging. 
 
 Furius, ii, m. A Roman 
 family name. At line 641 
 M. Furius Camillus, who 
 took Veii, and afterwards 
 returned from banishment 
 to save Rome from the 
 Gauls. _ 
 
 Fur-tuui, ti, n, [lur-or, 'to 
 steal']. 1. y/ic/i5. -2. A 
 stolen thing. 
 
 GSl-idus, ida, Idum, adj. 
 [g5l-o, *to freeze']. 1. 
 Freezing^ frosty. --% Cold, 
 icy cold. 
 Ge -minus, mina, minum, 
 adj. [fr. g5n-o, *to bring 
 forth']. Two. 
 Gemma, se, f. [yifxGi)]. A 
 
 hud (152), a gern (203). 
 GenSr«osus, osa, osum, adj. 
 [genus, gener-is, * birth, 
 noble birth']. Of high ov 
 noble birth ; high-bom, 
 noble]. 
 Genitor, itoris, m. [gen-o], 
 
 A father. 
 Genitrix, tricis, f. of genitor. 
 
 A mother. 
 Gen-s, tis, f. [geno, * to be- 
 get']. A nation, race, 
 people. 
 Gen-US, eris, n. [gen-o, *to 
 bear or bring forth ']. A 
 race, kind, sort. 
 Germania, se, f. Germany. 
 Germanicus, i. prop. noun. 
 
 See note of line 3. 
 Gero, gessi, gestum.gerere, 
 3. V. a. To carry on, con' 
 duct ; to carry, bear. 
 Glans, ndis, f. An acorn 
 
 [akin to Gr. BdXavo?]. 
 G16bus, i. m. [akin to glo- 
 mus]. A globe, a mms. 
 Grsecia, se, f. Greece. 
 Gradus, us, m. [gradior]. A 
 
 step, degree, rank. 
 Grandis, e, ady^freat, large, 
 huge, vast. Comp. ; gran- 
 dior. 
 Granum, i. n. A drain, seed. 
 
126 p. OVIDII NASONIS FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 ■ T "l'*''^^* 
 
 :ai> i 
 
 Grates, f. plur. [gratus]. 
 Thanks. Grates egi=l re- 
 turned thanks. 
 
 Grat-Ia. ite, f. [grat-usl. 
 Favour, good-will, regard, 
 thanks. 
 
 Gratus, a, iim. adj. : 1. De- 
 lightful, dear, pleasing, 
 agreeable.--^. Thankful, 
 grateful. Conip. : grat-ior 
 [akin to xocpr-di, * caus- 
 ing delight ']. 
 
 Gravidus, a, um, adj. [gravis] 
 Heavy, full, pregnant. 
 
 Grav-is, e, adj. 1. Heavy, 
 weighty.— 2. Heavy, op- 
 premve, grievous, hard, 
 severe, at line 683 destruc- 
 tive, of birds. Comp. : 
 grav-ior [akin to Gr. /Sap- 
 
 Habe-na, nse, f. [habe-o, 'to 
 hold']. A rein. 
 
 Habe-o, ui, itum, ere, 2. v. 
 a. To have, to hold, 
 coniam [prob. akin to flt'TT- 
 
 rojLiat]. 
 
 Hffireo, hsesi, hsesum, h»r- 
 ere, 2. v. n. To hold fast, 
 cling, belong. 
 
 Hasta, 86, f . A spear, javelin. 
 
 Hecate, es, f. {TSuarvl 
 Hecate, daughter of Perses 
 and Asteria. She is said 
 to have been Luna in hea- 
 ven, Diana on earth, and 
 Proserpina in the lower 
 world ; hence she is repre- 
 sented with three bodies 
 or three heads. 
 
 Hellcspont!5cus, a, um, adj. 
 ^EX\ri<i7toyToi\ An epi- 
 thet of Priapus, who was 
 born and worshipped on 
 the Hellespont, at Lampsa- 
 cus. 
 Herb-a, se, f. Sing, and 
 Plur. : Pasturage, herbage, 
 grass, food [akin to (rr. 
 (pep^'Go], *to feed']. 
 Heres, edis, m. [XVPO^I ^^^ 
 
 heir 
 Hercules, is, m. Her cities ; 
 son of Jupiter, and of 
 Alcmena, the wife of Am- 
 phiti-yon, king of Thebes, 
 celebrated for the twelve 
 labours imposed upon him 
 by Eurystheus, king of 
 Mycgnse, whom he was 
 ordered by the Fates to 
 serve for twelve years. 
 Among these labours was 
 the driving offof Geryon's 
 cattle, referred to in the 
 story of Hercules and 
 Cacus. After death he 
 was deified as the god of 
 strength and the guardian 
 of riches. He was also 
 regarded as the guide of 
 the Muses. See, also, Al- 
 cldes. — Herctll-eus, ea, 
 eum, adj. Of ov belonging 
 to Hereules. [Hercles (Et- 
 ruscan form of Gr. *flpa- 
 
 kXv^)]. ^ 
 
 TTarnul fills, a. um. bcc ner- 
 
 cules. 
 Her-os, ois, m. A hero. 
 
 %f 
 
 i 
 
n, adj. 
 in epi- 
 10 Avas 
 ed on 
 impsS- 
 
 . and 
 rthage, 
 :o Gr. 
 
 )5]. A)i 
 
 rciilcs ; 
 md of 
 of Am- 
 riiebes, 
 
 twelve 
 ton him 
 kin<< of 
 le was 
 ates to 
 
 years. 
 ars was 
 reryon's 
 
 in the 
 iS and 
 ath he 
 
 god of 
 ;uavdian 
 i^as also 
 ;uide of 
 Iso, Al- 
 us, ea, 
 elonging 
 3les(Et- 
 r. 'Hpa- 
 
 See Her- 
 
 A hero. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 127 
 
 f^ 
 
 i 
 
 (543) Herfitiles [akin to 
 Or. Tj'pa??]. 
 
 HespSrta, se, f. [i'^itBpoi, 
 vesper.] Ilesperia, the 
 western land, applied by 
 the Greeks to Italy, and 
 by the Roman poets some- 
 times to Spain. 
 
 Hesperius, a,um, adj. JFest- 
 eriij towards the West, 
 [ Edreptoi], 
 
 1. Hie, hsec, hoc. (Gen. ha- 
 jus ; Dae. huic), pron. 
 dem. This; at line 565, 
 the latter f i. e. Hercules. 
 
 2. Hie, adv. [1. hie]. Here. 
 Hiems, emis, f. [x^t^oiv]. 
 
 ij/'i'tifcr > 
 Hirundo, inis,!. [xeXtSacy]. 
 
 A swallow, 
 E-in-c, adv. 1. From this 
 
 place— 2. From thiscai^se, 
 
 hence. — 3. After this. 
 
 Hinc atque hinc=(m this 
 
 side and on that. 
 Homo, inis, comm. gen. A 
 
 human being, a person; a 
 
 man or woman. 
 Honor, oris, m. Honour, an 
 
 honour. 
 Honoratus, a,um, adj. [part. 
 
 of honoro, avi, atum, are]. 
 
 Honourable, honoured, 
 Honos. See honor. 
 Hora, 38, f. [go' pa]. An hour. 
 
 In plur. Horee, the Sea- 
 
 sons, daughters of Jove 
 
 HI. 'J. J. ii 
 
 Hoideum, 
 Barley, 
 
 i, n. [horreo]. 
 
 HorrSo, 6re. 2. y. n. To 
 
 shudder, to freeze, 
 Hj8-pes, pitis, m. 1. ^ vm- 
 
 tor, guest. — 2. An enter* 
 
 tainer ; a host. — 3. =Gr. 
 
 ^eVo? ; A guest-friend, 
 Hospita, 86, f. [fern, of Hos- 
 
 pes]. As adj. Strange,for» 
 
 eign, hospitable, 
 Hosp!t-!um. ii, n. [hospes, 
 
 hospit-is]. Hospitality, a 
 
 place of entertainment. 
 Hostllis, e, adj. [hostis]. 
 
 Hostile, 
 HoB-tis, tis, comm. gen. 1. 
 
 A stranger or foreigner, 
 
 2. (a) A public enemy, a 
 
 foe. (b)Plur. : The enemy, 
 
 in collective force. 
 Hum-anus, ana, anum, adj . 
 
 [fr. homo]. Human, 
 Hum-erus, eri, m. (*The 
 
 upper bone of the arm'). 
 
 A". shoulder [akin to Gr. 
 
 Hum-ilis, lie, adj. [hiim-us, 
 * the ground ']. Low, 
 near the grimnd, mean. 
 
 Humor, oris, m. [Xvjuci], 
 Fluid, water. 
 
 Hum-US, i, f. 1. The ground, 
 — 2. 0pp. to aequor, * sea.* 
 The land[akmto x^M-och 
 *on the ground']. 
 
 lason, onis,m. SonofiEson, 
 Kingof Thessaly,and lead- 
 er of the Argonautae, or sail- 
 ors of the ship Argo, who 
 went to Colchis to bring 
 back the golden fleece. 
 
i^^si 
 
 128 P. OVIDII NASONIS PASTOUUM LIB. I. 
 
 Iliitl 
 
 I*. 1 
 
 Ibi, adv. [pronominal root 
 i]. In that place^ there. 
 
 Ic.o, i, turn, ere, 3. v. a. To 
 strike, smite,— ?skss,: ic- 
 or, tus sum, i. 
 
 1. Ictus, us, m. [ico]. A 
 blow, wound. 
 
 2. Ictus, a, urn, P. Perf. 
 pass, of ico. 
 
 Idalius, a, um, adj. Idahan. 
 From Idalium, a town in 
 Cyprus, sacred to Venus. 
 1-dera, ea-dem, i-dem, pron. 
 dem. [pronominal root i ; 
 dem. suffix dem]. The 
 same. —As Subst. m. plur. 
 The same persons. — Idem 
 officii = </ie same duty. 
 Idus, uum, f. pi. The Ides, 
 the 15th day of March, 
 May, July, and October, 
 the 13th of the other 
 months. 
 Igitur, conj. Therefore. 
 Ignis, is, m. Fire. 
 I-gno-ro, rav'., ratum, rare, 
 1. V. a.[forin-gno-ro ; fr. 
 in, * negative' particle ; 
 root GNO ; whence no-sco, 
 old form gno-sco, *to 
 know']. FoUd. by inde- 
 finite clause as Object : 
 Not to know ; to he igno- 
 rant. 
 Ignotus, a, um, adj. [m- 
 gnotus, notusl. Unknown, 
 "strange ; hi run do, the 
 siramjer swallow. 
 IMe, 1 », lud (Gen. illius ; 
 Dat. illi), pron. adj. [fr. 
 
 is]. That, the former, at 
 line 563, Cacus. He, she, 
 it, they. 
 
 lUacus, a, um, adj . Belong- 
 ing to Ilium. Trojan. 
 
 Illic, adv. [illic (pron.), 
 *that']. In that place, 
 there. 
 
 lUuc, adv. [adverbial neut. 
 of illic, * that ']. To that 
 side or place, thither , 
 
 Imago, inis, f. [akin to 
 similis]. Image, form. 
 
 Imber. bris, m. I. A heavy 
 rain ; a pelting shower or 
 storm .—2 . A rain-cloud, 
 storm-cloud, [akin to 
 
 Im-mensus, mensa, mensum, 
 adj. [fr. in, * not ;' men- 
 sus, 'measured']. 1. Of 
 extent: Vast, huge, im- 
 mense.— 2. Boundless, in- 
 finite, endless. 
 
 Immissus, a, um. [part, of 
 iramitto, immisi, immis- 
 sum, ere, 3. v. a. ] Dis- 
 hevelled, flowing free. [In- 
 
 mitto], 
 Immitis, e, adj. [in-mitis]. 
 
 Cruel, heartless. 
 Immolo, avi, atum, are. 1. 
 
 V. a. [in-mola]. To offer, 
 
 sacrifice, immolate, 
 Impermm, ii, n. [impero], 
 
 Com.dand, empire. 
 Impetus, us. m. Force, im- 
 
 pettis, impetuosity. 
 Ini-plus, pia, pium. adj. [in- 
 plus]. Wicked, impio^is. 
 
 ^ 
 
 A ^ 
 
 .Li 
 
1 
 
 I 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 129 
 
 neVt at 
 re, shCf 
 
 Jelong- 
 
 an. 
 
 proii.)j 
 placCf 
 
 I neut. 
 To that 
 r, 
 
 kin to 
 orin. 
 i heavy 
 ower or 
 i-cloudf 
 kin to 
 
 lensnm, 
 
 ;• men- 
 
 1. Of 
 
 tge, im- 
 lesSf in- 
 
 part, of 
 immis- 
 ] Di8- 
 
 ree. [In- 
 
 [i-mitis]. 
 
 , are. 1. 
 To offer, 
 
 Impero]. 
 
 orce, irri- 
 
 r 
 
 • 
 
 adj . [in- 
 mpioxis. 
 
 t 
 
 ^Jl 
 
 In^-pono, p5s\ii, posttum, 
 1)011 ere, 3. v. a. [fr. in, 
 pono]. To putt j)lace, set, 
 or lay upon. 
 
 In, vrep. gov. abl. and ace: 
 1. WithAbl.:{a)/?i.— (b) 
 On, upon.— 2, With Ace: 
 (a) Into.—{h) On, upon,— 
 (c) For.—{d) To, unto,— 
 
 Inachus, i, m. [ Ivaxo^, 
 Indchus, son of OceSnus, 
 father of lo, and first King 
 of Argos. The river In- 
 achus in Argolis was called 
 after him . 
 Incajduus, a, um, adj. [in- 
 
 csedo]. Uncut, 
 In-certus, certa, certum, adj. 
 [in, * not;' certus, * sure*]. 
 Not sure, uncertain^ doubt- 
 ful. 
 lu-cipio, cepi, ceptum, cip- 
 ere, 3. v.n. [fr.in.;cap!o]. 
 1. To begin.— 2, To begin 
 to speak. 
 Tiicludo, clusi, clusura, ere 
 [in-claudo]. To shut up, 
 enclose, 
 In-cumbo, cubui, cubitum, 
 , cumbere, 3. v. n. [in, ob- 
 sol, cumbo, (= cubo). To 
 lie down, to lean. 
 In-custoditus,custodita, cus- 
 toditum, adj. [in, 'not'; 
 cnstodltus, * guarded ']. 
 
 Tlfnminr/1t>A. ointc.Tided. UU' 
 
 watched. 
 I-n-de, adv. ('From that;' 
 hence). From that place, 
 
 thence, hence, [Gr. Oc, 
 QEVy *from']. 
 
 Index, icis, comm. [indico]. 
 An informer, betrayer. 
 
 Indico, dixi, dictum, ere, 3, 
 V. a. To fix by proclama- 
 tion, to proclaim. 
 
 In-duo, dui, dutui.i, duere, 
 3. v. a.: 1. To put on gar- 
 ments, etc. Pass. : in-duor, 
 dutus sum,diii [ky-Svoi>]i 
 
 In-eo, ivi or ii, itum, ire, v. 
 a. [in, *into;' eo, *to 
 go *]. To go into, enter. 
 
 In-ers, ertis, adj. [fr. in, 
 ars]. Sluggish, slow, in- 
 active, etc. 
 
 Infam-ia, ise, f. [infam-is, 
 
 • of ill report']. Disgrace, 
 infamy ; at 551 applied 
 to Cacus. 
 
 Infans, ntis, adj. and subst. 
 
 [in-for]. An infant. 
 Infero, tuli, illatum, ferre, 
 
 V. a. To bring into, cum 
 
 Dat. 
 Ingenium, i, n. Ability, 
 
 intellect. 
 In-gens, gentis, adj. [in, 
 
 * not ;' gens, * a race or 
 kind']. Vast. Of interest, 
 heavy. 
 
 Ingratus, a, um. adj. Un- 
 grateful, hated, 
 
 Tnnocuus, a, um. adj. [in- 
 noceo]. Harmless,innocent, 
 
 Inquam (inquio), v. def. To 
 say. \viomt- s"i>s. 
 
 Inquit. See inquari. 
 
 In-sanus, sana, sanum, adj. 
 
130 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 [in, *not;' sanus, 
 
 * sound *]. Raging^ furi- 
 oitSf mad. 
 
 Insidiosus, a, um. adj. [in- 
 sidise]. Insidious, crafty. 
 
 Insisto, institi, ere, 3. v. n. 
 To stand upon. 
 
 Iji-sto, stiti, statum, stare, 1. 
 V. n. [in, *upon;' sto, 
 •to stand']. To press, 
 entreat f hang over, threaten. 
 
 In-sum, fui, esse, v. n. [in; 
 sum, * to be ']. To he in. 
 
 IntactuS; a, um. adj. [tango]. 
 Untouched, undefiled, in- 
 tact, uninjured (441). 
 
 Inter-ea, adv. [fr. inter, 
 
 * between ;' eam, ace. 
 sing. fern, of is]. Of time : 
 Meanwhile, in the mean- 
 time. 
 
 Intra, prep., cum Ace. 
 Within. 
 
 Intr-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. 
 a. To enter, go into. 
 
 Introitus, us. m. Entrance 
 tintro-eo]. » 
 
 In[umesco. ui, ere, 3, v, n. 
 To swell, to be swollen. 
 
 Inveniendus, a, um, Gerun- 
 dive of invenio 
 
 In-venio, veni, ventum, ven- 
 ire, 4. v. a. [in, 'upon ;' 
 .venio, 'to come']. To 
 find, discover, etc. 
 
 Ira, t4>, f. Anger, wrath. 
 
 Irej pres, inf of eo. 
 
 Is, Sa, id (Gen. ejus ; Dat. 
 5i), pron. dem. This or 
 ihat person or thing, — As 
 
 Subst.: (a) is, m. He.— 
 (b) ea, f. She— [a) id, n. 
 sing. : The thing just men' 
 tioned, that thing. — (d)ea, 
 n. plur. The things just 
 mentioned, those things. 
 
 Isaurus> a, um, adj. Isau- 
 rian. Isauria was a dis- 
 trict in Asia Minor, whose 
 inhabitants (the Isauri) 
 were addicted to robbery, 
 
 Is-te, ta, tud (Gen. istius ; 
 Dat. isti), pron. dem. [is ; 
 demonstr. suffix te]. 1. 
 This, or that, person or 
 thing. — 2. Such as this, 
 etc. 
 
 Ita, adv. Thus, so, 
 
 I-ter, tineris, n. [eo, *to 
 go ']. A road, way, path, 
 course, journey, etc. 
 
 Jac-eo, iii, itum, ere, 2 v. n. 
 1, To lie, lie down. — 2. 
 To be desjyised. 
 
 Jacio, jeci, jactum, jacere, 
 3. V. a. To throw, cast, 
 fling, hurl. 
 
 Jactus, a, um, part, [jacio]. 
 Thrown, cast, of seed. 
 
 Jam, sklv. 1. Af that time; 
 then. — 2. At this time; 
 now, soon. 
 
 Janiculum, i. n. One of the 
 seven hills of Home. 
 
 Janitor, oris, m, A door' 
 keeper. 
 
 Janua. ae. f. A aate. door. 
 
 Janus, an old Italian divi- 
 nity ; god of the sun. He 
 presided over all begin- 
 
 4 
 
 ti 
 
 i 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 131 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 nings. The first month 
 was called after him be- 
 cause he opened the year, 
 [The word Janus has the 
 same root as Diana and 
 dies^. 
 
 Jecur, jecoris and jecinoris 
 [?y7tap]. The liver, 
 
 Jovis, Jovi, Jovem, Jove, 
 the oblique cases of Jiippi- 
 ter. 
 
 Jubar, aris, n. [juba=a 
 manel. Beam of light, 
 
 Jubeo, jussi, jussum, jub- 
 ere, 2. v. a. To order, 
 command, bid. — Pass. : 
 jubeorjussussum, juberi. 
 
 Judicium, ii, n. Judgment. 
 
 Jugum, i. n. [jungo]. A yoke 
 for oxen. 
 
 Jiilia, 88, f.- See note on 
 line 536. 
 
 Junctus, a, um, P. perf. 
 pass, of jungo. 
 
 Jungo, junxi, junctum, jung- 
 ere, 3, v. a. 1. To join, 
 unite. ^2, To yoke. — 3. 
 Pass.: To be joined to, 
 i. e. to sit close beside. — 
 Pass. : jungor, junctus, 
 sum, jungi [akin to Gr. 
 t^vy, root of Zevyvvjui], 
 
 Juno ; onis, f. Juno, the 
 daughter of Saturn, sister 
 and wife of Jupiter. 
 
 Juppiter, Gen. Jovis, m. Ju- 
 piter; a son of Saturn, 
 and mythic king of the 
 heathen celestial deities. 
 
 Jurgium,ii,n. [jurgo]. Broil, 
 quarrel. 
 
 Jus, jiiris, n. Right, law^ 
 ordinance. Jus est = It %$ 
 lawful. 
 
 Jussi, perf. ind. of jubeo. 
 
 Jussus, a, um, P, perf. pass, 
 of jubeo. 
 
 Justicia, 88, f. [justusj. /iw- 
 tice. 
 
 Jus-tus, ta, turn, adj. [fr. 
 jus, jur-is]. Just, upright. 
 
 Jiiturna, ae. f. Sister of Tur- 
 nus. Lacus Juturnae, 9k 
 pond in the forum. 
 
 Juvencus, i, m. Young buU 
 ^ocA;, s^eer [juvenis]. 
 
 Juven-is, is, adj. comm. 
 gen. Young, youthful. — As 
 Subst. : A young i^erson ; 
 a youth, young man. 
 
 Juvo, jiivi, jutura, are. 1. ▼. 
 a. To delight, to avail. In 
 line 453 with quominus: 
 * save the goose from giv- 
 ing its liver.' 
 
 Kalendae, arum, f. pi. [calo, 
 HaXeooil. The calend% the 
 first day of the Koman 
 month. 
 
 Lab-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. 
 n. To be unsteady, to 
 tremble, to be lost. 
 
 1. Lab-or, oris, m. Labour, 
 toil [akin to Gr. Xa/5, 
 root of /{a{jii)/3'avoo, *to 
 take ']. 
 
 2. Labor, lapsus sum, labi, 
 3 V. dep. To glide, or glide 
 onwards ; to set, 
 
 Lacrima, S8 (old form dacri- 
 ma), f. A tear [akin to 
 Gr. docHftv], 
 
wm 
 
 132 p. OVIDII NASONIS FASTORUM LIB. I 
 
 
 Lacus, us, m. A lake, [akin 
 to XdxHoi, * a hoki a 
 pit']. 
 
 Lsedo, laesi, Isesnm, laedSre, 
 3. V. a. To hurt, injure, 
 harm, — P ass.: 1 se do r, 
 Isesus, sum, Isedi. 
 
 Lsesurus, a, um, fat. part, 
 of Isedo. 
 
 Lsetus, a, um, adj. Joyful, 
 joyous, rejoicing, 
 
 Lsevus, a, um, adj. [Xato?}. 
 Left, on the left side. 
 
 Lamina, ae, f. Plate, sheet, 
 of metal. 
 
 Lanx, lands, f. A plate or 
 dish. 
 
 Lar, laris, usually in plur. 
 
 Lares, um and ium, m. 
 Lares, household gods; by 
 metonymy, the hearth, 
 
 Latens, ntis : 1. P. pres. of 
 lateo. — 2. Pa. : Hidden, 
 secret, concealed, obscure. 
 
 Lat-eo, iii, no sup., ere, 2. 
 V. n. To lurk ; to lie, hid 
 or concealed [akin to XaO^ 
 root of \a{v)B'Civco, *to 
 Jie hid'j. 
 
 Latium, ii, n. Laiium ; a 
 country of Italy in which 
 Rome was situate (now 
 Campagna di Jtoma, and 
 apart of Terra di Lavoro), 
 — Hence, (a) Lati-nus (for 
 Lati-inus), ina, inum, adj. 
 Of, or belonging to, La- 
 tium ; Latin. — (b) Lati-us, 
 a, um, adj. — Latinus, 
 above. 
 
 Latius, a, um ; same as 
 Latinus, a, um. Latin. 
 
 1. Latus, a, um, adj. : 1. 
 Wide, broad. — 2. Exten- 
 
 sive, extended [akin to Gr 
 TtXarvi], 
 
 2. Latus, eris, n. A side, 
 bank. 
 
 Laudo, avi, atum, are, 1. v. 
 a. [laus]. To praise. 
 
 Laus, laudis, f. Praise, 
 
 Lautus, a, um, adj. [really 
 part, of lavo, lavi, orlavii- 
 vi, lautum, or lotum, or 
 lavatum, are, 1. v. a. To 
 wash] Washed, neat, lux- 
 urious, dainty. Inachi 
 lauta= * dainty daughter 
 of Inachus . * 
 
 Ledaeus, a, um, adj. Beloiif]^- 
 ing to Leda, the mothe.- 
 of Castor, Pollux, Helen 
 and Clytemnestra. The 
 Ledoei dei are Castor and 
 JPollux. 
 
 Lego, legi, lectum, legere, 
 3. V. a. To collect, gather 
 together. To read. — Pass. : 
 legor, lectus sum, legi. 
 
 Lenis, e, adj. Soft, smooth. 
 
 L5o, oniSj m. L A Hon. — 
 2. The constellation Leo. 
 [Gr. XeoDv], 
 
 Letifer, fera, ferum adj. 
 [letum-fero, XrfQr}^ (pipao} 
 Death-bringing, deadly. 
 
 Lev-is, e, adj. Light, slight, 
 trifling, fickle [akin to Gr . 
 
 h'Xaxv'^l. 
 Lex, legis, f. [=^leg-s ; fr. 
 
 ./ ,#: 
 
 t 
 
 
 I 
 
 t 
 
 • 't 
 
SrOCABULARY, 
 
 1J3 
 
 It 
 
 ^lijl 
 
 leg-o, * to read ']• A laWy 
 
 statute^ decree, ordinance. 
 Libatus, a,uin, P.perf.pase. 
 
 of libo. 
 Libellua, i. m. dim. [liberj. 
 
 A little book. 
 
 1. Lib-er, ri, m. (* The inner 
 bark, or rind, of a tree '). 
 A hook. 
 
 2. Lib-er, era, erum, adj. 
 Free, unrestrictedy unfet- 
 tered, unimpeded. 
 
 Libet, libuit, libitum est. 2. 
 V. defect. It pleases, etc. 
 
 Libo, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. 
 { * To take '). In i eligious 
 ceremonies, etc. To offer, 
 dedicate ^consecrate, etc. — 
 Pass. : libor, atus sum, ari. 
 
 Libr-o, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 a. V. [libr-a, * a balance *J 
 ( ' To balance or poise ; 
 hence) To set in motion, 
 sivay to and fro. — lass,: 
 libr-or, atus sum, ari. 
 
 Libum, i. n -4 sacred cake. 
 
 Liceo, ui, itum, ere, 2. v. n. : 
 1. To he allowed or per- 
 mitted ; to he allowable 
 (licet liciiit or licitum est, 
 etc. , licebit, etc. : it is, etc. , 
 allowed, permitted or al- 
 lowable ; it is, etc., laW' 
 ful). — 2. When licet in- 
 troduces a subordinate 
 proposition which makes 
 
 Bk CQ>^C6B!3i^n i^- Arm&f'^n^— 
 
 ly assumes the nature of a 
 conjunction : Even \f^ al- 
 though. 
 
 Iiigo, onis, m. ^ A spade. 
 
 Li-raen, minis, n. 1. A 
 threslwld.-—^. An abode, 
 dwelling. 
 
 Lingua, ae, f. The tongue^ 
 speech, utterance (445). 
 
 Lis, litis, f. Strife, ^dispute, 
 quarrel [akin to e'pzSj. 
 
 li-tus, toils, n. The sea- 
 shore, beach, strand. 
 
 LIvidiTs, a, um, adj. Livid, 
 enviou>s, slanderous. 
 
 Loc-us, i, m. (plur. loci, m. 
 and 16(;a, n. ) A place, spot, 
 etc. [prob. akin to Gr, 
 root Xex, * to put ']. 
 
 Locutus, a, um, part, of 
 loquor. 
 
 Loiium, ii, n. Darnel, tares. 
 
 Long-us, a, um, adj. L mg. 
 
 Loqu-or, utus, (and loc- ), i, 
 3. V. dep. To speak, say. 
 
 Liiceo, luxi, ere, 2. v. n. To 
 shine, 
 
 Luc-idus, ida, idum, adj. 
 [luc-eo, * to shine']. Shin- 
 ing, bright, Comp. luci- 
 dior. 
 
 Lucifer, 1, (lux-fero]. Morn- 
 Hng ifar; day. 
 
 Liicrum, i, n, [luo]. Gain, 
 profit. 
 
 Ludo, lusi, liisum, ere, 3. v. 
 n. To sport, frolic. 
 
 Lustr-o, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 V. a. [lustr-um, ' an ex- 
 
 ^idi vxji. y 
 
 ^O" : n 
 
 UlXCliilg J. 
 
 J. If 
 
 purify. 
 Liiteus, a, um, adj. [lutum]. 
 Of clay, clay. 
 
134 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB.* I. 
 
 
 Li 
 
 Lux, lucis, f. Lightf day, 
 
 Luxiiri-o, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 V. n. [luxuTi-a]. To lux- 
 uriate, to delight, 
 
 Luxuriosus, a, um, adj. [lux- 
 urio]. Luxuriant, rank, 
 
 Lyra, 89, f. 1. A lyre, lute. 
 — 2. The constellation so 
 called, the Lyre [Xvpr/]. 
 
 Macies, ei, f. [maceo]. Mea- 
 greness, leanncsa. 
 
 Madidus, a, um, adj. [madeo] 
 Wet. watery. 
 
 Maenalus, i, m. A range of 
 mountains in Arcadia. 
 
 Maereo, ere, 2. v. a. et n. 
 To mourn. 
 
 Mag-is, comp, adv. [root 
 MAG. Seemag-nus]. More; 
 in a greater or higher de- 
 gree: magis qukm, more 
 than. 
 
 Mag-nus, na, num, adj. : 1. 
 Great. — 2. Mighty, power- 
 ful. — 3. Nohht famous. 
 Comp. : major ; Sup. : 
 maximus [root mag, akin 
 to Gr. ju^y-ai]. 
 
 Vliijestas, at^'s, f. [majus, 
 magnus] . Majesty, dignity. 
 Major, us. See magnus. 
 Vial-e, adv. [mal-us, *bad']. 
 Badly ; i.e. (&) Injurious" 
 ly, hurtfully, to one*s hurt. 
 ~(b) Unfortunately, — (c ) 
 Imparting a contrary, or 
 baa, meaning to words 
 containing in themselves a 
 good force : Not, un- in- ; 
 male fortis = Cowardly ; 
 
 male servatus, {not htpt 
 or preserved; i. e.) lost. 
 Comp. : pejus ; (Sup. : 
 pessime). 
 
 Mal-us, a,um,adj. — 1. Bad. 
 — 2. Unfc^ -r^/t adverse, 
 calamitous j Subst. : 
 malum, i, u. An unfor- 
 tunate thing, etc. ; i.e. A 
 misfortune, calamity, etc ; 
 — at 562 used of Cacus. 
 Comp. : pejor ; (Sup. : 
 pessiraus) [akin to Gr. 
 yUf'A-as, ' black.'] 
 
 Manda-tum, ti, n. [mand- 
 (a)'0, *to enjoin.'] A 
 change, instruction^ eom,- 
 mission, command. 
 
 1. Mane, imperat. of maneo. 
 
 2. Mane, n. indecl. The 
 morning, early mornmg. 
 
 Man-eo, si, sum, ere, 2, v. 
 n. To remain, continue 
 
 Ma-nus, nus, i. 1. Thehand. 
 — 2. A band, or company. 
 
 Mare, is, n. The sea. 
 
 Marifc-us, i, m. [maiit-us, 
 * married.*] A husband. 
 
 Mar-s, tis, m. : 1. Mars ; 
 the (Roman) mythic god 
 of war, father of Romulus 
 and Remus by Rhea Silvia, 
 daughter of Numitor, king 
 of Alba in Italy. —2. War. 
 
 Massa, «, f. [jiidZa]. A 
 iulrp, a TnuSS, 
 
 MartlgSna, 8b, adj. [Mars- 
 gigno]. Mars-born, epi- 
 thet of Romulus. 
 
 ii 
 
not htpt 
 
 e.) lofit. 
 
 (Sup. : 
 
 -1. Bad. 
 
 adverse, 
 
 Subst. : 
 
 n unfor- 
 
 ; i.e. A 
 
 lity, etc ; 
 
 f Caciis. 
 
 (Sup. : 
 
 to Gr. 
 
 1 
 [maud- 
 
 n.'] A 
 )?i, eom,' 
 I. 
 
 fmaneo. 
 ;cl. The 
 Grnmg. 
 ire, 2, V. 
 continue 
 
 %e hand, 
 'omiyany. 
 ica. 
 
 naiit-us, 
 isband. 
 . Mars ; 
 thic god 
 Romulus 
 lea Silvia, 
 itor, king 
 -2. JVar. 
 Ul A 
 
 |. [Mars- 
 >orn, epi- 
 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 135 
 
 b) 
 
 Ma-ter, tris, f. A mother. 
 
 [akin to Gr. Iiri'rrjfi ; 
 
 Sans, md-tri]. 
 Matrona, se, f. [mater]. A 
 
 married woman, a matron. 
 Maxim us, a, urn, sup. adj. 
 
 See magnus. 
 Me, Ace. and Abl. sing of 
 
 ego. 
 
 1 
 
 Mecum=cumme. See cum. 
 
 Medium, ii. See medius. 
 
 MSdius, ia, ium, adj. : 1. 
 Middle, mid.-- Aa Subst., 
 medium, i, n. The middle, 
 the midst.— 2. The middle 
 of [akin to Gr. jii6-o%]. 
 
 Mei, gen. sing, of ego. 
 
 Mel, mellis n. Honey [akin 
 toGr. usX't\. Plur.mella. 
 
 Melior, us, comp. adj. See 
 bonus. 
 
 Membrum, i, n. A limb, 
 member. 
 
 Me-mm-i, isse, v. defect, 
 [mens]. To bear in mind; 
 to remember, recollect. 
 
 Men-s, tis, f. The mind, 
 purpose. Gr. [pter-oi]. 
 
 Men-sis, sis, m. [root men, 
 whence men-3us, part, 
 perf. of metior, *to mea- 
 sure '] . A month. 
 
 Mensura, », f. [metior]. The 
 measure. 
 
 Mergo, mersi, mersum, Sre, 
 3. V. a. To plunge, sink. 
 
 *to deserve']. A ser- 
 ice, kindness, bentifit, de^ 
 sert, misdeed. 
 
 Mersus, a, um, part, of 
 
 mergo. 
 Mer-um, i, n. [merus, 
 
 * pure *] . Pure wine ; i.e. 
 
 not mixed with water. 
 Messana, se, f. Messana, 
 
 the modem Messina in 
 
 Sicily. 
 Mes-sis, sis, f. [for met-sis; 
 ' fr. met-o, * to mow or 
 
 reap*]. 1. Harve8t.'^2. 
 
 Corn, crops. ; 
 
 Metior, mensus,sum;raetiri, 
 
 4. V. dep. To measure. 
 Metus, us, m. Fear, dread, 
 
 terror. 
 Me -us, a, um, pron. poss. 
 
 [me ace. sing, of ego, *I *]. 
 
 Of, or belonging to, me; 
 
 my, mine. 
 Mic-o, ui, no sup,, are, 1. 
 
 V. n. To twinkle. 
 Micui, perf. ind* of m!co. 
 Mihi, dat. sing, of ego. 
 Miles, itis, comna. gen. A 
 
 soldier. 
 Mille, num. adj . indecl. A 
 
 thousand. — As Subst. : 
 
 millia, um, u. plur. Thou- 
 sand, thousands [akin to 
 
 Minimus, a. um. See parvus. 
 
 Minister, tri, m. A servant, 
 minister. 
 
 Minus, comp. adv. [minor]. 
 Less, with quo, (quo 
 a>ir»ns^- after a verb of 
 preventing, with a foUow- 
 iw* subj. jfrom [by which 
 the less]. 
 
136 p. OVIDII NASONIS FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 d "J 
 
 r% 
 
 
 3 
 
 Mirandus, a, um, Gerundive 
 of miror. 
 
 Mi-ror, ratus, sum, ran, 1. 
 V. dep. To wonder, or 
 marvel at. 
 
 Misceo, miscui, mistum or 
 niixtum, miscere, 2. v. a. 
 1. To mix or mingle. — 2. 
 To join, unite,— 3. To 
 throw into confimony to' 
 disturb (123).— Pass. : mis- 
 ceor, mistus or mixtus 
 sum, misceri [akin to Gr. 
 fii6y-^GD, M^y-vv/ti], 
 
 Mis-er, era, erum, adj. [prob. 
 akin to mser-eo, *to be 
 sad ;' maes-tus, * sad *], 
 JFretchedf miserable : — 
 me miser um, wretched me/ 
 or woe is me / 
 
 Miseram, misi, pluperf. and 
 perf. ind. of mitto. 
 
 Missus, a, um, P. perf. pass, 
 of mitto. 
 
 Mistus (mixtus), a, um, P. 
 perf. pass, of misceo. 
 
 Mitior, us. See mitis. 
 
 Mitis, e, adj. Mild^ gentle in 
 disposition, etc, Comp. : 
 mit-Jor. 
 
 Mitto, misi, missum, mitt- 
 eie, 3. V. a. To send, 
 send /orth.—Vass. : mit- 
 tor, missus sum, mitti. 
 
 Modo, adv. : 1. Only : — si 
 modo, if only.-— 2, Just 
 notv, recently, but this 
 moment. — 3. Modo . . . mo- 
 do, now... now. 
 
 Modus, di, m, A measure, 
 a strain, etc. ; melody, 
 
 JUS' 
 
 music [akin to Gr. 
 rpov, * a measure']. 
 
 Moiieta, ae, f. 1. An epithet 
 of Juno, in whose temple 
 money was coined.— 2. 
 Coined money, money, 
 [moneo], 
 
 Moen !a, ium, n. plur. Walls 
 of acity[akin to d-pivv-oo 
 Uowardoflf'J. 
 
 Moles, is, f. Animmense, or 
 vast, mass. 
 
 Moneo, ui, itum, ere. 2. v. 
 a. To advise, 
 
 Monitus, as, m. [moneo]. In- 
 struction, advice. 
 
 Mon-s, tis, m. [fr. min-eo,^ 
 *to project']. A moun- 
 tain : montibus Ausoniis, 
 Abl. of place * where. ' 
 
 Mon-strum, stri, n. [moneo, 
 * to warn ']. A monster. 
 
 Mora, ae, f. Delay. 
 
 Moriens, ntis, P. pres. of 
 morior. 
 
 Mor-ior, tiius, sum, i, 3. v. 
 dep. To die. 
 
 Mor-or, atus sum, ari, 1. v. 
 dep. [mor-a, * delay']. To 
 delay, tarry, linger. 
 
 Mor-s, tis, f, [mor-!or]. 
 Death. 
 
 Mort-alis, ale, adj. [mors, 
 moi-t-is]. Mortal, human, 
 
 M-os, oris, m. Usage, habit, 
 custom, practice. 
 
 1^ Mo-tus. tus- m. rfor moye 
 tus ; fr. mov-eo, * to 
 move']. A moving, mo- 
 tion, trouble. 
 
 2. Motus, a, um, P. perf. 
 
 r 
 
 
 M 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 137 
 
 Gr. pLB" 
 
 e'J. 
 
 a epithet 
 
 9 temple 
 
 ned. — 2. 
 
 money* 
 
 r. Walls 
 
 nense, or 
 e. 2. V. 
 
 neo]. In- 
 
 min-eo, ^ 
 i mouU' 
 Lusoniis, 
 ere. ' 
 [moneo, 
 onater. 
 
 pres. of 
 
 i, 3. V. 
 
 iri, 1. V. 
 ly']. To 
 
 lor-ior]. 
 
 [mors, 
 human. 
 e, habit, 
 
 ■or mov. 
 0, *to 
 ng, mo- 
 
 ?. perf. 
 
 t 
 
 pass, of movSo. Of arms: 
 being talc en up. 
 Moveo, movi, motum, mov- 
 ere, 2. v. a. : 1. To move, 
 to employ, exert. — 2. Men- 
 tally, etc. . To move, affect. 
 — Pass. : To be excited, to 
 be uneasy, 
 Movi, movissem, perf. ind. 
 and pluperf. subj. of 
 moveo. 
 Mox, adv. Soon, present. 
 Miigi-tus, tus, m. [mugi-o, 
 •to bellow, to low']. A 
 bellowing, a lowing, 
 Miilceo, mulsi, mulsum or 
 mulctum, mulcfcre, 2. v. a. 
 To soothe, appease, to 
 stroke (the beard). 
 Mul-ciber, ibri, m. [mulcSo, 
 in force of *to soften*]. 
 Mulciber; a name given 
 to Vulcan, the Roman fire- 
 god, from the power that 
 fire possesses to soften 
 iron, etc. 
 Mul-tus, ta, turn, adj.: 1. 
 Sing.: Much. — 2. Plur.: 
 Many. — As Subst . : multa, 
 orum, n. plur. Many 
 things. 
 Mundus, i, m. The universe, 
 Munus, eris, n. An office, 
 
 duty, gift. 
 Nactus (nanctus), a, nm, P. 
 
 perf. of nanc-iscor. 
 Naias, adis, f . [akin to yao©]. 
 
 Nam, conj. For. 
 Nam-que, conj. [nam, 'forj' 
 suffix que]. For, 
 
 Kanc-iscor, nactus sum, 
 nancisci, 3. v. dep. 7'o 
 get, procure, obtain. 
 
 Nanctus, a, um. See nactus. 
 
 Nar-ro, rfivi, return, rare, 1. 
 V. a. To tell, relate, nar- 
 rate, 
 
 Na-scor, (old form gna-), tus 
 sum, sci, 3. V. dep. To 
 be born or sprung. 
 [ytyvGodHGo], 
 
 Nas-o, onis, m, [nas-us, *a 
 nose ']. Naso ; a name 
 in certain Roman families 
 or houses ; amongst others 
 in the Ovidian. See 
 Ovidius. 
 
 Na-ta, tse, f. [na-scor, *to 
 be born ']. A daughter : 
 nata Latini, the daughter 
 of Latinus, i. e. Lavinia, 
 the wife of .^neas. 
 
 1. Na-tus, ti, m. A son. 
 
 2. Natus, a, um, P. perf. of 
 nascor, ; — with Abl. of 
 Origin : Jove natus, hs 
 that was sprung from Jove, 
 i.e. Alcides or Hercules. 
 
 Navalis, is, adj. [navis]. Be- 
 longing to a ship. Nav. 
 forma =/^Mre of a ship. 
 
 Navis, is, f. A ship, vessel 
 [akin to Gr. ravS], 
 
 1. Ne, adv. and conj.: 1. 
 Adv.: No, not,— '2, Conj.:, 
 That not, lest, 
 
 2. N5, enclitic and interro- 
 
 — ne . . . n^ mhetl^r • • • 
 or whether. 
 Nee. See neque. 
 
138 p. OVIDII NA80N1S PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 NSfastus, a, urn, [ne-fastus]. 
 Vnlaw/idf unlucky, inau" 
 spicious. 
 
 N5m-U8, oris, n. A vjood 
 with open glades ; a grove 
 [akin to 6r. viuoo. *to 
 feed ']. 
 
 Nepos, Otis, m. [ne-potis ?] 
 A grandson. 
 
 Neptunius, a. um. adj. [Nep- 
 tunus]. Neptunian^ applied 
 to Perfijama because Nep- 
 tune helped to build the 
 walls of Troy for Laomedon. 
 
 Ne-^ue (nee), conj. and adv. 
 [ne, *not ;• que, * and*]: 
 
 1. Conj.; And not, nor. 
 Adv.: Not. 
 
 Ne-scio, scivi or scii, scitum, 
 
 scire, 4. v. a. [ne-scio]. 
 
 Not to know, 
 Neu. See neve. 
 Ne-ve (neu), conj. 1. And 
 
 not, nor. — 2. And that not; 
 
 tt'itd lest. 
 Ni. conj. Unless. 
 Nidus, i. m. A nest. 
 Nihil, [ne-hilum]. Nothing. 
 Nil. See nihil. 
 Nimi-um,adv. [nim!-us, 'too 
 
 much ']. Toe much, too. 
 Ni-si, conj. [ne, 'not;' si, 
 
 *if']. 1. Unless, except, — 
 
 2. Save, hut, except. 
 
 1. Nitor, nisus and nixus 
 sum, niti, 8. v. dep. To 
 exert one^s self, labour, 
 
 2. Nitor, oris m, [nlteo]. 
 Splendour. 
 
 NIves, plur. of nix. 
 >Mvgus, a, um, adj. [nix]. 
 
 Snotoy, snoio white. 
 Nix, nivis, f. Snov) [viip, 
 
 Nobilior, us. Seenobilis. 
 
 No-bilis, bile, adj. [no-sco, 
 'to know']. High-horn, 
 of noble hirth,noble. Comp. 
 nobil-ior ; (Sup. : nobil- 
 issimus). 
 
 Nobis, Dat. and Abl. plur. 
 of ego. 
 
 No-men, minis, n, [no-sco]. 
 A name, appellation. 
 
 Non, adv. Not. 
 
 Nonus, a, um; num, adj. 
 The ninth. 
 
 Nonse, arum, f pi. The 
 Nones, i.e. the seventh of 
 March, May, July, Oc- 
 tober, the fifth of the other 
 months. 
 
 Non-dum, adv. [non, * not;* 
 dum, • yet ']. Not yet. 
 
 Noras, for uoveras, from 
 nosco. 
 
 Noris, fornovSris, perf.subj, 
 of nosco. 
 
 No-sco, vi, turn, scere, 3. v. 
 a. 1. In present tense 
 and its derivatives : To get 
 or ohtain a know/edge ; to 
 become acquainted vith. 
 C9ms to know. — 2. In per- 
 fect tense and its deriva- 
 tives : To have become 
 
 aCfjUaXTiutiM Wit/iVf vO rCaOW 
 
 [old form gno-sco ; Gr. 
 yt'yvGO'dKcol. 
 
 n 
 
 t > 
 
 •i 
 
VOCABUMRY. 
 
 132 
 
 [nix]. 
 
 [no-SCO, 
 rjh-born, 
 !. Comp. 
 : nobil- 
 
 b]. plur. 
 
 "no-sco]. 
 'on. 
 
 m, adj. 
 
 I. The 
 irenth of 
 ly, Oc- 
 
 h.e other 
 
 i, * not;' 
 t yet. 
 , from 
 
 jrf.subj, 
 
 ■e, 3. V. 
 
 t tense 
 
 : To get 
 
 dge ; to 
 
 i vith. 
 
 In per- 
 
 deriva- 
 
 hecome 
 
 >y n,uuw 
 
 3 ; Gr. 
 
 i 
 
 Nos-ter, tra, trum, pron. 
 
 poss. [noa, plnr. of ego, 
 
 'I']. 1. Our, ours. ^2. 
 
 For mens : My, mine. 
 
 No-ta, ise, f. [no-sco], A 
 
 mark, sign, fame. 
 Noto, avi, atum, are,l.v. a. 
 [not-a, ' a mark 'J. To 
 mark in any way. Pass. : 
 not-or, atus sum, ari. 
 Notus, a, uni. 1. P. perf. 
 pass, of nosco. — 2. Pa.: 
 Known, well-known. 
 Novem, num. adj. indecl. 
 
 Nine. 
 K(3vi, perf. ind. of nosco. 
 Isovies, adv. [nov-em, 
 
 * nine ']. Nine times. 
 Novitas, atis, f. [novus]. 
 
 Renewing, beginning. 
 Nov-o, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 V . a. [nov-us, * new ']. 
 To renew, raise up afresh. 
 — Pass. : nov-or, atus sum, 
 ari. 
 Nov-us, a, um, adj. 1. New. 
 —2. Fresh. — 3. Novel, 
 unusual. — 4. In superl. 
 last (163). [Gr. ve-oi]. 
 Nox, noctis, f. Night, at 
 line 455, deae noctis=to 
 the goddess of night, i.e. 
 Nox, daughter of Chaos 
 [akin to Gr. vv^]. 
 Nub-es, is, f. A cloud [akin 
 
 to Gr. recp-oi]. 
 Nubilum, i, [nubilus, a, um, 
 from nubes] . A^ cloudy 
 sky, in plur. clouds. 
 Niibo, nupsi (nupta sum) 
 
 nuptum, nubere, 3 v. n. 
 [nubes]. To veil one's sclj 
 for, to marry, of a woman. 
 Cum Dat. 
 N-ullup, ulla, uilum, adj. 
 [for ne-uUus]. Not any, 
 none, no. — As Subst. : 
 nullus, iil<, m. (=:nemo). 
 No one, nobody. 
 Num, interrog. particle 
 used gen. when a negative 
 answer is expected. Not 
 to be translated. 
 Numa, ae, m. Second king 
 
 of Rome. 
 
 Numantinus, a, um, adj. 
 
 Numantine, belonging to 
 
 Numantia, a city of His- 
 
 pania Tarraconensis. 
 
 Nura-erus,eri,m. A number, 
 
 [v€ju-GO, *to distribute']. 
 
 Nuraen, inis, n. Divine will, 
 
 divinity. 
 Numida, 89, m. [No/idi]. 
 A Numidian, a native of 
 Numidia, a pr vince of 
 North Africa, between 
 the territory of Carthage, 
 Africa Proper, and Mauri- 
 tania. The name means 
 a Nomad. 
 Nunc, adv. Now, at this 
 time: — nunc . . . nunc, 
 now . . . now, at one time 
 , . . at another time [akin 
 
 to VhV]. 
 
 Niinciipo, ^vi, atum, are. 
 1. V. a. [nomen-cupio]. 
 
 
 N-unquam, adv. [for ne-un- 
 
10 p. OVIDII NA#NI8 PA8T0RUM LIB. I. 
 
 U>i 
 
 'J 
 
 
 
 
 quam; fr. ne, 'not,' un- 
 
 quara, * ever ']. Not ever. 
 
 at no time, never. 
 Nuntio, avi, atum, are. 1. 
 
 V. a. To announce. 
 Nu-per, adv. [for nov-per; 
 
 fr. nov-us, * new']. Newly, 
 
 lately, recently, not long 
 
 ago. 
 Nuptus, a, urn, P. perf. of 
 
 nubo. Nuptas, line 625 = 
 
 matrons. 
 N-usquam, adv. [forne-us- 
 
 quamj fr. ne, *not;' us- 
 
 quam, • any whare ']. Not 
 
 anywhere, nowhere. 
 Nutrio, ivi, or il, Itum, Ire. 
 
 4. v. a. I'o nourish. 
 Nutr-ix, leis, f. [nutr-Io, 
 
 *to nourish, to rear']. A 
 
 nurse, 
 
 Niitus, us. m.[nuto=tonorf1. 
 Nod. 
 
 Nympha, », f. : 1. ^ Wide, 
 wife. ^2, A nymph. 
 
 0! interj. O! ohf-^0 is 
 never elided before a fol- 
 lowing vowel. 
 
 Obj prep. gov. ace. : On ac- 
 count of, 7br[akin to kn-i], 
 
 01)do, didi, ditum, ere : 3. 
 V. a. [Ob-do]. To shut. 
 
 Obeo, ivi, or ii, Itum, ii-e, 4. 
 V. a. et n. [ob-eo]. To 
 traverse, go through. 
 
 Obex, icis and jicis, m. and 
 f. [ = obecs; fr. objicTo 
 (=objacio), *to cast over 
 
 OQCiiiiSi^ j. 
 
 A barrier. 
 
 Objice, abl, sing, of obex. 
 
 Obll-tus, ta, turn, P. perf 
 of obliviscor. 
 
 Ob-li-visccr, tus sum, visci, 
 8. V. dep. To forget. 
 
 Ob-ruo, rui, rutum, ru§re, 
 3. V. a. [ob, ruo, * tc 
 throw dowa']. l. To cover 
 or cover over. —2. To over- 
 whelm, drown, sink.-^ 
 Pfiss.: ob-ruor, rutus sum, 
 rui. 
 
 Obrutus, a, um, P. perf 
 pass, of obriio. 
 
 ObvJus, a, um, adj.[ob-via] 
 Opfwsing, against. 
 
 Oc-cup-o, avi, atura, are, 1. 
 V. a. [for ob-cap-o] . T( 
 fall upon, attack ;-^at line 
 675 supply eum—or virum, 
 see follg. line—as nearei 
 Object. 
 
 Oc-ulus, fili, m. An ey« 
 [akin to Or. oH-oi.] 
 
 Odoratus, ta^, turn, (P. perf. 
 pass, of oJoro, * to per- 
 fume ') adj. Sweet-scented, 
 aweet-smelling, fragrant. 
 
 Oebaiius. a, um, adj. Oebal- 
 ian^ From Oebalus, a 
 king of Sparta. 
 
 Offendo, di, sum, ?re. 8. v. 
 a. To of end. 
 
 Offensus, a, um. See offendo. 
 
 OjBFSro, obtuli, obi atura, ferre, 
 V. irreg. To offer, present. 
 [ob-fero]. 
 
 Of-f!c-ium, Ii, n. A voluntary 
 
 ^service, kindness, duty. 
 
 Ol-im, adv. [for olJ-im; fr. 
 olUe, old form ot ill-e]. 1. 
 
 2. 
 
■%/ 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 HI 
 
 8. V, 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 Y 
 
 Of time past: Formerly, 
 oncet once upon a time, — 
 2. Of time future : In 
 after timt, hereafter. 
 
 Omen, inis, n. An omen. 
 
 Omiiis, e. adj.: \. All, every; 
 omnTa, um, n. plur. All 
 things. 
 
 Onus, Sris, n. A burden, 
 load. 
 
 Operosus, a, um, adj. [opus]. 
 Laborious, industrious. 
 
 Opeiio, ui, ertum, ire. 4. v. 
 a. To cover. 
 
 Opes, um. See ops. 
 
 Op-pono, posui, positum, 
 
 ponere, 3. v. a. [ob-pono]. 
 
 To place over against or 
 
 be/ore. — Pass.: op-p6nor, 
 
 positus sum, poni. 
 
 3ppositus, a, um, P. perf. 
 pass, of oppono. 
 
 Op-s, is (Nom. Sing, does 
 not occur ; Dat. is found 
 perhaps only once), f. 
 Mostly plur.: Means, or 
 resources; aid, assistance ; 
 wealth, riches, etc. 
 
 Opto, avi, atum, are, 1. ▼, a. 
 To desire, wish for. 
 
 1. Opus, eris, n. : I. Work, 
 toil, labour. — 2. A work, 
 etc. 
 
 2. Opus, n. indecl. Need, 
 necessity : — so m e t i m e s 
 foUd. by Abl. 
 
 1. Ora, 8B, f. 1. Coast, sea- 
 coa^y shore. — 2. AregioUt 
 country, etc. 
 
 2. Ora, nom. and ace. plur. 
 of 1, OS, 
 
 Orbis, is, m. 1. The world. 
 
 — 2. Round, revolution, 
 
 line 54. 
 Orlgo, Inis, f.[orior]. Origin, 
 Or-ior, tus sum, Xri, 3. and 
 
 4. V. dep. To be born ; to 
 
 rise, [root on, akin to 
 
 of}-yv;iiat]. 
 Orient, ntis, part, of orior. 
 Orno, avi, atum, are, 1. y. 
 
 a. To adorn, ornament, — 
 
 Pass. : ornor,atus sum,ari. 
 Ortus, a, um, P. perf. of 
 
 onor. 
 
 1. Os, oris (Gen. plur. not 
 found), n. I. The mouth, 
 — 2. The face, counten* 
 ance. — Figur. speech. — 3, 
 A head (557). 
 
 2. Os, ossis, n. A bone 
 [akin to Gr. odrt'ov], 
 
 Os-tendo, tendi, tensum or 
 tentura, tenderc, . 3. v. a. 
 fr. obs (=ob), tendo. To 
 show, display. 
 
 Otium, ii, n. Leisure. 
 
 Ovidlus, ii, m. Ovidius or 
 Ovid (with the prsenomen 
 JFublius and the cognomen 
 Naso). The Roman poet. 
 See Introduction. 
 
 Ovis, is f. [6i?].^ A sheep. 
 
 Ovum, i. u. [dov'l. An egg, 
 
 Pacalis, e, adj. : [pax]. Be- 
 longing to peace or to the 
 goddess of peace, peaceful. 
 
 Paglna, m. t. A page of a 
 
 _ lM>ok. 
 
 Pagan us, a, um,adj. [pagusj. 
 Belongivg to the pagus; vh 
 Subst. a villager. 
 
142 
 
 p. OVIDII NAS0NI8 FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 
 Pagus, i, IT. [pasco]. A 
 country district^ a village. 
 
 Pagasaeus, a, um, adj. Paga- 
 saean, belonging to PagS- 
 sae, a port of Thessaly, 
 wuere Jason built the ship 
 Argo. 
 
 Pallas, antis (Voc. Palla), m. 
 Pallas, the son of Evan- 
 der. 
 
 Palleo, ui, ere. 2. v. n. To 
 grow pale or sickly, of 
 crops. 
 
 Palmes, itis, m. [Palma]. 
 A vine-slwot, 
 
 Palus, i. m. A peg. 
 
 Pando, pandi, pansum and 
 passum, pandere, 3. v. a. 
 To open, to lay or throw 
 open. Pass. : pandor, pan- 
 sus and passus sum, pandi. 
 
 Par, paris, adj. Equal. 
 
 Parco, peperci, parcitum, 
 or parsum, ere. 3. v. a. 
 Cum dat. To spare. 
 
 Par-ens, ntis, comm. gen. 
 Jfr, pari-o]. A parent. 
 
 Pario, peperi, partum, par- 
 ere, 3. v. a. To bring 
 about. Pass. : parior, par- 
 tus sum, pari [prob. akin 
 to Gr. (pep'ODj Lat. fer-o]. 
 
 Par-iter, adv. [par, par-is, 
 * equal *]. Equally, 
 
 Par-o, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 v.a.: 1. To prepare^ make 
 or get ready , etc. — 2. To 
 get, ohtcUn, acquire [prob. 
 akin to Gr. tpsft-GO, Lat. 
 fSr-oJ, 
 
 Parrhasfus, a, um, adj. : Par^ 
 rha^ian, Arcadian, belong- 
 ing to Parrhasia, a town 
 in Arcadia. 
 
 Par-s, tis, f. 1. (a) A part, 
 portion. — (b) Adverbial 
 Abl. : parte. In part, 
 partly.— 2. Of persons : 
 A jpart, some [akin to 
 qxxp'Go^ *to cut']. 
 
 Partus, us, m. [pario]. A 
 birth, offspring. 
 
 Parum adv. [cf. parvus]. 
 Little, but little. 
 
 Par-vus, va, vum,adj [prob. 
 akin to par-s]. 1. Pos. : 
 Small, little.— % Of per- 
 sons : Little, youthful, 
 young. Comp. minor; 
 Sup. : minimus. 
 
 Pasco, pavi, pastum, ere. 3. 
 V. a. To feed [nddHGo]. 
 
 Pascuum. See pascuus. 
 
 Pasc-iius, ua, uum, adj. 
 [pasc-o, «to feed']. Of, 
 or for, pasture. — As 
 Subst. : pasciium, i, n. A 
 grazing ground, pasture. 
 
 Passurus, a. um, P. fut. of 
 patior. Destined to suffer, 
 
 1. Passus, a, um. P. perf. 
 of patior. 
 
 2. Passus, a, um [part, of 
 pando, pandi, passum et 
 pansum, 5re]. Dishevel' 
 led, 
 
 Pat-§o, iii, no sup., ere, 2. 
 V. n. To lie, or be, open / 
 stretch out, extend [akin to 
 Gr. 7CBT'dyyvjjtt\, 
 
 P 
 P 
 
I. 
 
 adj. : Par^ 
 in, beloDg- 
 1, a towu 
 
 ) A party 
 
 Adverbial 
 
 In part, 
 
 persons : 
 
 [akin to 
 
 t']. 
 
 mrio]. A 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 U3 
 
 [part, of 
 
 [)assum et 
 
 Dishevel" 
 
 )., ere, 2. 
 Oe, open ; 
 d [akin to 
 a]. 
 
 
 parvus]. (:i^ 
 
 Eidj [prob. 
 1. Pos. : 
 
 2. Of per- 
 youthful, 
 minor; 
 
 ni, ere. 3. 
 rtddHGo]. 
 isciius. 
 um, adj. 
 'd']. dj\ 
 ure. — As 
 n, i, n. A 
 
 pasture, 
 P. fut. of 
 I to suff'er, 
 
 P. perf. 
 
 - 
 
 Pater, tris, m. A father. 
 In plur. .patres=^Ae sena- 
 tors, (he senate, etc [akin 
 to Gr. ita-TTJfi.] 
 
 Pateria, 2. sing. pres. ind. 
 of patior. 
 
 Pater-nus, na, num, adj. 
 [pater, pat(e)r-is, *'a 
 father 'J. Of, or belonging 
 to, a father; paternal. 
 
 Patiens, ntis : 1. P. pres. 
 of patior.— 2. Pa. : With 
 Gen. Patient of, enduring, 
 
 Patior, passus sum, pati, 3. 
 V. dep.; To suffer^ bear, 
 endure, undergo [akin to 
 Gr^ ita9, root of itd6xo!>, 
 
 Patiia, 89. See patrius 2. 
 
 1. Patri-us, a, um, adj. 
 [p a t r i-a, * fatherland ']. 
 Of, or belonging to, one's 
 
 fatherland, or native 
 country. 
 
 2. Patr-ius, la, um, adj. 
 [pater, patr-is, * a father*]. 
 Of, or belonging to, a 
 father; paternal. — As 
 Subst.: patria, 89, f. 
 Fatherland, native land 
 or country. 
 
 Patulcius, i. m. [pateo]. A 
 surname of Janus, whose 
 temple was open in time of 
 war. 
 
 Paucus, a, urn, adj. : 1. Sing.: 
 Small, little, light, trifling, 
 
 ffi-in —S). Plllf . Wotn "Pnii- 
 
 ca, orum, n. plur. A few 
 
 things. 
 Pax, pacis, f. Peace. 
 Pauper, §ris, adj. Poor, 
 
 Pavidus, a, um, adj. Timid, 
 fearful. 
 
 Pectus, oris, n. The breast, 
 
 Pec-us, oris, n. Cattle, 
 
 Pello, pepuli, pulsum, pell- 
 
 ere, 3. v. a. To drive ou^ 
 
 of ox awayfrom.-^Taiss.: 
 
 j)ellor, pulsus sum, pelli. 
 
 Pen-ates, atlum, m. plur. 
 [pen-US, 'provisions, 
 stores'] 'the Penates or 
 household gods * presiding 
 over the house and all it 
 contained. A dwelling, 
 abode. 
 
 Pendeo, pependi, no sup., 
 pendere, 2. v. n.: 1. To 
 nang, hang down. — 2. To 
 be hung up, or suspended. 
 
 Penes, prep with ace. With, 
 in the power of. Often 
 follows its case ; me penes 
 =m my power. 
 
 Pen-na, nae, f. [pet-o]. A 
 feather of a bird, an arrow. 
 
 Per, prep. gov. ace. : Throv,gh, 
 
 Peraftus, a, um. [part of 
 jperago]. Past, over. 
 
 Perago, egi, actum, ere, 8. 
 V. a. To perform. 
 
 Percipio, cepi, ceptum, ere, 
 3. V. a. Perceive, receive, 
 hear. 
 
 Perdo, didi, (Htum, dere, 3. 
 V. a. To destroy, lose. 
 
 PSrennior, us. See perennis. 
 
 
 •& V^'waaaX^aO 
 
 
 ann-is]. Perennial, never* 
 failing. — Comp.: perenn- 
 lor. (Suj). not found). 
 PSrenno, are, avi, atum, 1. 
 
144 
 
 p. OVIDII NA80NIS FASTOKUM LIB. I. 
 
 V. n. [per-annus]. To 
 last long. 
 
 P5r-eo, ivi or ii, Ttiim, ire, 
 v.n.irreg. [per, * through ;' 
 eo, * to go ']. To perish, 
 die. 
 
 PSrerratus, a, um, P. perf. 
 pass, of pererro : — orbe 
 j)ererrato, Abl. Ahs. 
 
 Per-erro, erravi, erratum, 
 eirare, 1. v. a. [per, 
 •through;* erro, * to 
 wander ']. To wander 
 through. — Pass, rpererror, 
 erratus sum, errari. 
 
 Perfusus, a, um, part, [of 
 perfundo, fudi,fusum,ere]. 
 Sprinlded. Some editions 
 have percussa, struck, in- 
 stead of perfusa, at line 
 720. 
 
 Pergama, orum, n. plur. 
 (* Pergama,' the citadel of 
 Troy ; hence) Troy.j- 
 Hence, Pergam-eus, ea, 
 Sam, adj. Trojan. 
 
 Perlego, legi, lectum, ere, 
 
 . 3. V. a. [per-lego]. To 
 survey^ scan, examine. 
 
 Perpetuus, a, um, adj. [per- 
 peto]. Perpetual, uninter' 
 ruptcd. 
 
 Pes, pedis, m. Afoot[akm to 
 Gr.Ttovi, 7tod-6i]. 
 
 PSt-o, ivi or ii, itum, ere, 
 3. V. a. To seek [akin 
 
 to KJT. niuiGOf 'cOiaU 
 
 B.nd Tterojiiai, * to fly.'] 
 Phoolms, i, m. Phcebus ; a 
 ]>oe(ical name of Apollo, 
 the sun-j?od, [<Po?/5oS]. 
 
 Pictus, a, um : 1. P. perf. 
 pass, of pingo:— 2. Pa.: 
 Coloured, variegated, illu" 
 minated. 
 
 Pilum, i. n. A pilum, jave* 
 tin. 
 
 Pineus a, um, adj. [pinus]. 
 Piny, made of pine, pine, 
 
 Pingo, pinxi, pictum, ping- 
 ere, 3. v. a. 1. Torepre^ 
 sent 2)ictorially, to depict, 
 — 2. To :dorn, decorate, 
 embellish. — Pass. ; pi(n)- 
 ger, pictus sum, pingi. 
 
 Pinguior [comp. of pinguis], 
 
 Pinguis, e, adj. Rich, fat, 
 rank. 
 
 Pinus, us and i, f. : 1. A 
 pine-tree, fir -tree ; a pine, 
 fir. — 2. As built of pine 
 or fir : a ship, vessel. 
 
 Piscis, is, m. A fish. 
 
 Pi-US, a, um, adj. Devout, 
 pious. Tender, affection' 
 ate, loving. 
 
 Place o, ui, itum, ere, 2. v. 
 a. : Cum Dat. To please, 
 propitiate. 
 
 Plac-idus, ida, idum, adj. 
 [placeo, * to please']. Gen- 
 tie, mild, calm, placid, 
 
 Placo, avi, atum, are. !• 
 V. a. To appease, 
 
 Plang-o, planxi, planctum, 
 plangere, 3. v. a. To 
 strike, smite, beat [icXay, 
 
 root of TtAz/OdoHf ' to 
 
 strike']. 
 Ple-nus, na, num, adj. [t»1§-o, 
 ♦ to fill']. With Gen. or 
 Abl. : Filled with, fait of. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 145 
 
 P. perf. 
 2. Pa.: 
 
 ed, illu-' 
 
 nif jave* 
 
 [pinus]. 
 e, pine, 
 1, ping- 
 vo reprc' 
 ) depict, 
 lecorate, 
 • pi(n)- 
 pingi. 
 >inguis]. 
 kh, fat, 
 
 : 1. A 
 
 : a pine, 
 of pine 
 set. 
 h. 
 
 Devout, 
 iffection" 
 
 % 2. V. 
 please, 
 
 m, adj. 
 e']. Gen- 
 'acid. 
 are. 1, 
 p. 
 
 anctum, 
 a. To 
 
 jQf ' to 
 
 j. [t»1S-o, 
 Gen. or 
 full of. 
 
 Pluma, », f. A feather, 
 
 riu-rimu*, rima, rimum, 
 sup. adj. (see multus) 
 [ple-o]. Fery many, 
 
 riiis, pluris, adj. comp. of 
 multus, Plur. n. plura= 
 more. 
 
 P«na, 86, f. 1. Punishment^ 
 2)enalty. — 2. Torment^sfiif' 
 JarinQj pain. [Gr. Ttoivt}]. 
 
 Polleus, entis, (wart, of pol- 
 ice, ere), [potis-valeo], 
 Cum Abl. : Powerful, po- 
 tent. 
 
 Polus, i, m, (*The end of 
 an axis ; a pole ;' hence) 
 The North Pole ; the hea- 
 vens \n67<.Q%\, 
 
 Ponipa, 88, f. [TeojUTtf}]. A 
 solemn procession, 
 
 Poiid-us, eris, n. pend-o, 
 • to weigh ']. Weight, 
 
 Pono, pcisui,positum,ponere, 
 3. V. a.; 1. To put or place; 
 to set. — 2. To serve up, set 
 before one on table. — 3. 
 To lay aside.— 4:. To lay 
 out, set i)i order, arrange. 
 Pass. :ponor, positus sum, 
 poni. 
 
 Pontificalis, e, adj. : [ponti- 
 fex]. Belonging to the 
 pontifex, pontifical. 
 
 Pontas, i, m. The sea 
 
 [TZOVT'Oi], 
 
 Po-pul-us, i, m. A people ; 
 
 [prob. akin to 7to?\.-if\. 
 Poirectus, a, um, P. perf. 
 
 pass, of porrjgo. 
 Porrigo, rexi, rectum, ere, 
 
 3. V. a. To extend, reach 
 
 out. [pro-rego], 
 Porrima, ae, f. [porro]. Aa 
 
 obscure goddess. See 
 
 note. 
 Porro, adv. Of old ; (it 
 
 usually means in the 
 
 future, hereafter). 
 Porta, 86, f. [porto]. A gate, 
 
 door, 
 Por-to, tavi, tatum, tare, 1. 
 
 V. a. To carry, convey. — 
 
 Pass. : por-tor, tatus sum, 
 
 tari [prob. akin to<pe'p-(»]. 
 
 1. Positus, a, um, P. perf. 
 pass, of pono. Laid aside, 
 
 2. Poeitus, itus, m. [pono, 
 *to put,' through root 
 PCS]. Position, situation. 
 
 Possedi, perf. ind. of pos* 
 sideo. 
 
 Posses = thou couldst, from 
 possum . 
 
 Pos-sideo, scdi, sessum, sid- 
 ere, 2. v. a. To have and 
 hold; to be master of; 
 to own or possess. 
 
 Possum, potui, posse, v. ir- 
 reg. [for pot-sum ; fr, pot- 
 is, *able ;' sum *to be']. 
 1. To be able.— 2. With 
 Inf.: (/, etc.) can, could, 
 etc., do, etc. 
 
 Post, adv. and prep. gov. 
 ace. adv. Afterwards. 
 
 _ Prep, after, behind. 
 
 lr"ostSritas,atis. f. [posterus]. 
 Posterity. 
 
 Posterus, a, urn, adj. [post^, 
 Conung, next. C o m p . 
 
 I 
 
146 p: ovidii nasonis fastorum lib 
 
 I. 
 
 '.■^^ 
 
 posterior. Superl. postre- 
 
 mus. 
 Pos-tis, tis, m. [pono. 'to 
 
 place']. 1. A post, door- 
 
 post.— 2. Plur.: A door, 
 Postmodo, adv. Afterwards, 
 
 presently, 
 
 Post-quam, adv. After that, 
 
 when. 
 Postverta, ge, f. [post-verto]. 
 
 A goddess presiding over 
 
 child-birth. See note. 
 Potens, nitis, (P. pres. of 
 
 possum), adj. PowtrfuL 
 
 mighty, 
 Potes, 2 pres. sing. pres. 
 
 ind. of possum. 
 Poto, avi, atum, or potum, 
 
 are. 1. v. a. [niyoo] 
 
 To drink, 
 Potus, a urn, part, of poto. 
 Pr«-beo, bui, bitum here, 
 
 2. V. a. [pr£b-habeoJ. To 
 
 give, grant, furnish, af- 
 ford, offer. 
 Praecedo, cessi, cessum, ere, 
 
 8. V. a. To precede. 
 Prseda, ae, f. Booty, spoil, 
 
 plunder, prey. 
 Prae-eo, ii, itum, ire, 4. v. a. 
 
 et n. To go before. 
 PrsB-m-ium, ii, n. [for pr«»- 
 
 era-ium ; fr. prse, * beyond 
 
 o»' above;' em-o, *to 
 
 take']. Reward, reconi'- 
 
 pense, etc. 
 Prsepono, ere, posui. posi- 
 
 turn, 3. V. a. To place 
 
 before, to add. 
 Prajscius, a, um, adj. [prse- 
 
 scio]. Foreknowing, pre* 
 scient. 
 Praesepe, is, n. [praesepio]. 
 An enclosure, a stall for 
 cattle. 
 
 Praejsideo, sedi, ere, 2. v. a. 
 
 7^0 preside over. 
 Praesto^stiti, itum and atum, 
 
 are [prae-sto]. To grant. 
 Pwe-struo, struxi, structum, 
 
 struere, 3. v. a. [prse, 
 
 * before, or in front;' 
 striio, 'to build']. To 
 block, or stop, up; to render 
 impassable. 
 
 Praestruxi, perf. ind. of prse- 
 struo. 
 
 Prae-ter, prep. gov. ace. 
 [prae, * before ;' demon- 
 strative suffix ter] 1. Past, 
 by before.— 2. Except. 
 
 Prseter-ea, adv. [fr. prater, 
 
 * beyond ;' eam, ace. sing. 
 fern, of pron. is, * this ']. 
 Besides, moreover, further, 
 
 Praeter-eo, ivi or ii, itum, 
 ire,v. a. [praeter, * beyond 
 or past ;• eo, * to go '] 1. 
 To go beyo9id or past ; to 
 pass by.— 2. To pass by or 
 over; to omit, leave out. — 
 Pass. : prae-ter-eor, itus 
 sum, iri. 
 
 Praeteritus, a, um, P. perf. 
 pass, of praetereo. Fast. 
 
 Praetor, oris, m. [prae-eo], 
 
 line 52. The word praetor 
 was applied to other high 
 officials. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 147 
 
 aesepio], 
 itall for 
 
 2. V. H. 
 
 d a turn, 
 > graoit. 
 ructum, 
 • [praB, 
 front ;' 
 ]. To 
 render 
 
 ofprae- 
 
 v^. ace. 
 denion- 
 1. Pastf 
 ept, 
 
 praeter, 
 !C. sing. 
 ' this ']. 
 hirther, 
 , itum, 
 beyond 
 
 go '] 1. 
 
 )ast; to 
 ss by or 
 
 ! Oilt. — 
 
 •, itus 
 
 ?. perf. 
 
 Past. 
 
 •rae-eo]. 
 ;.,j — 
 
 praetor 
 T high 
 
 .4 
 
 i« 
 
 m 
 
 Prahim, i, n. A meadow. 
 
 Pr Scans, ntis, [part, of 
 precor]. He who prays. 
 
 Preces, um ; plur. of prex. 
 
 Prec-or, atus sum, ari, 1. 
 V. dep. To beg, pray, 
 entreat. 
 
 Pre mo, pressi, pressum, pre- 
 niere, 3. v. a. : 1. To press, 
 to check, to close or to sur- 
 round (292). — Pass.: pre- 
 nior, pressus sum, premi. 
 
 Pretium, tu, n. Reward, 
 wealth : in pretio esse = 
 to be valued [akin to Ttpi- 
 adOaiy * to buy ']. 
 
 Prex, precis (Nom. and Gen. 
 Sing, obsol.j mostly in 
 plur.), f, [fr. prec-or, * to 
 entreat 'J. Entreaty, prayer. 
 
 Priamus, i, m. Priam; king 
 of Troy, when that city 
 was besieged and taken by 
 tlie Greeks [Ilpiajiio^, 
 'chief, king']. 
 
 Pridem, adv. jam pridem = 
 now for a long time. 
 
 Prim-o, adv. [prim-us, 
 'first']. At first, in the 
 first place, 
 
 Prim-um, adv [adverbial 
 n eut . of prim-us]. First ; 
 for the first time, 
 
 PrI-mus, nia, mum, sup. adj. 
 [for prse-mus ; fr.pree, 'be- 
 fore.'] 1. Ifirst, the first, — 
 2. The ^rst to do fiomp.= 
 thing ; the first that. — 3. 
 Of time : First, earliest. 
 
 Prin-cep-s, cip-is, adj. [fr. 
 
 prIm-us, * first :* capio, 
 *to take'].— !. First, 
 whether in order or time. 
 —2. Of rank, etc.: The 
 first, princi2ml, chief. — 
 As Subst.: princeps, ipis, 
 m. A chief tai7i, a prince, 
 Princip-!um, ii, n. [princeps, 
 princip-is, * first ']. A 
 beginning, commencement. 
 Pri-or, us, comp, adv. [prae, 
 with suffix or].. Former, 
 prior, nearer, before. 
 Priscus, a, um. adj. Ancient, 
 Prius, comp. adv. [adverbial 
 neut. of prior, * former *]. 
 Firstly, first. 
 Pro, prep. gov. abl. (* Be- 
 fore;' hence) 1. For, in 
 proportion to. — 2. For, as, 
 — 3. For, in return for 
 [Gr. 7tp6]. — 4, In behalf 
 
 Probo, avi, atum, are, 1. v. 
 
 a. To approve, 
 Procella, «e, f. A blast, 
 
 tempest. 
 Procul, adv. [procello]. Afar 
 
 off, afar, 
 Prodeo, ii, itum, ire, 4 v. n. 
 
 [pro-eo]. To come forth, 
 
 appear. 
 Pro-do, didi, ditum, dere, 3 
 
 V. a. To betray. Pass. : 
 
 pro -dor, ditus sum, di. 
 Proelium, ii, n. A battle, 
 
 
 Profectus, from proficiscor, 
 fectus, ci, 3 V. a. To set 
 out, go fwth. 
 
Its 
 
 I 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS FASTOUUM LIU. 1. 
 
 
 W' 
 
 I 
 
 Pro-flo, flavi, flatum, flare, 
 
 1. V. a. [pro, * forth ;' flo, 
 * to blow']. To blow forth, 
 hreaihe out. 
 
 Progredior, gressus sum, di, 
 3. V. dep. To advance. 
 
 Pr-ol-es, is, f. [pr-o, * forth ;' 
 OL, root of ol-eaco]. Off- 
 spring, progeny. 
 
 Promissiim, i, n. [promitto]. 
 A promise. 
 
 Pro-mitto, misi, missum, 
 mittSre, 3. v. a. [pro-mit- 
 to]. To promise. 
 
 Prop-e, adv. and prep. 1. 
 adv. : Nearly, almost. — 
 
 2. Prep. gov. ace. : Near, 
 near to, hard by, 
 
 Propensus, a, um, part, [of 
 propendeo, di, sum, ere, 
 2. v. n.] Inclined, dis- 
 posed. 
 
 Propero, avi, atum, are, l.v. 
 n. [properus]. To hasten. 
 
 Propexus, a, um, adj. [pee- 
 to]. Combed doum, hang- 
 ing down. 
 
 Propior, lus, oris. adj. — 
 [Comp. of obsol. propis]. 
 Nearer. Superl. proximus. 
 
 Propositum. i, n. [pro-pono]. 
 A purpose. 
 
 Pro-spe-rus, ra, rum, adj. 
 [pro-spes]. Fortunate, fa- 
 vourable, prosperous. 
 Comp. prosper-ior ; (Sup. : 
 prosper-rimus), 
 
 Pro-spicio, spexi, spectuni, 
 8i>ieere, 3. v. a. [fr. pro- 
 s])ecio]. To look at, to 
 gaze upon, behold. 
 
 Profc8go, texi, tectum, ere, 
 
 3. v. a. To protect. 
 Protinus, adv. [fr. pro, * be- 
 fore;' tenus, * as far as ']. 
 Of time : Forthwith, in- 
 stantly, immediately, di- 
 rectly, 
 Provincia, », f. [pro-vinco]. 
 
 A province. 
 Provoco, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 V. a. To call forth, to 
 challenge, to announce. 
 Proximus, a, um, sup. adj. 
 [fr. obsol. prop-is, 'near 'J. 
 With Dat. : Nearest or next 
 to ; close to or bedde. 
 Pii-er, eri, m. A boy, lad 
 
 [prob. akin to itali]. 
 Pulsus. See pello. 
 Puppis, is (Ace. and Abl. 
 mostly puppjm and puppi), 
 f. : 1. The hinder part of 
 a ship ; the poop or stei^. 
 — 2. A ship, vessel. 
 Purpura, m, f. [jtopcpvpc^. 
 
 Purple. 
 Purus, a um, adj. Pure. 
 Putaris, for putaveris, perf. 
 Bubj. of piito, with force 
 of imperative, in line 4d. 
 Piit-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. 
 [piit-us, *clean, clear']. To 
 deem, hold, think, suppose. 
 Qua, ad v. 1 . I?i wh ich place, 
 where. 2. Ne qua=Zes^ in, 
 any way. 1. In which 
 place, where. 2. In what 
 way or manner ; hovi. 
 Qua-cumque, adv. [qua. 
 * where;' cumrjue, indefi- 
 nite suffix]. Wheresoever. 
 
1. 
 
 VOCAJIULABT. 
 
 149 
 
 ;tum, ere, 
 otect. 
 
 , pro, * be- 
 A far as ']. 
 hwithf in- 
 \ately, di- 
 
 •ro-vinco]. 
 
 m, are, 1. 
 
 forth, to 
 lounce, 
 
 sup. adj. 
 is, 'near 'J. 
 rest or next 
 edde. 
 t boy, lad 
 talk], 
 ). 
 
 and Abl. 
 idpuppi), 
 jr part of 
 
 or ateim, 
 set. 
 
 Pure. 
 eris, perf. 
 '^ith force 
 Q line 45. 
 re, 1. V. a. 
 lear']. To 
 , suppose, 
 ich place, 
 [a=lest in 
 In which 
 
 In what 
 : hoy\ 
 7. [qua, 
 le, indefi- 
 ercMoever. 
 
 
 Qusero, quaBsivi, quaesitum, 
 quaere re, 3. v. a.: 1, To 
 seek. — Pass.: qus8ror,qu89- 
 situs sum, quseri. 
 
 Quaesitum, i, n. [quaere]. A 
 question. 
 
 Qua-lis, le, adj. i 1, Of what 
 sort or kind ; whaX sort of 
 — 2. As a correlative to 
 talis, or alone. Such, such 
 as. 
 
 Quara, adv. 1, In what 
 manner, how, — 2. Than. 
 — 3. As, — 4. How, hew 
 very. 
 
 Quamquam, conj. Although. 
 
 Quam-vis, conj. [quam. *as;' 
 vis, 2. pers. sing, indie, 
 pres. of volo, * to will or 
 wish']. Althourh, albeit. 
 
 Qua-ntus, nta, ntum, adj. 
 [akin to qua-lis]. 1, How 
 great. — 2. With or with- 
 out tantus : As great as, 
 as. — 3. Bow much. 
 
 Quare,conj.[qu4-re]. Where- 
 fore, why. 
 
 Quartus, a, um, num. adj. 
 Fourth, 
 
 Quater, num, adv. Four 
 tiines[Lsk\,. quatuor, *four']. 
 
 Que, enclitic conj. And: — 
 que . . . que, both . , . 
 and [akin to rf']. 
 
 Quernus, a, um, adj. [quer- 
 cus]. Made of oak, oaken, 
 
 4f\r» Mm 
 
 Qui, quse, quod(G3n. ciijus ; 
 Dat. cui), pron. : Rela- 
 tive: a. WTu), which, what. 
 
 [qui J. Be- 
 
 Quia, conj. 
 cause, 
 
 Quicquid. See quisquia. 
 
 Qui-aamque, quse-cumque, 
 quod-cumque, pron. reL 
 [qui, with indef. suffix 
 cumquej Whoever, who- 
 soever; whatever, what' 
 soever, 
 
 1. Quid, adv. [adverbial 
 neut. ofquisj. Why? how 9 
 
 2. Quid. See quis. 
 
 Qui-dam, qu£e-dam, quod- 
 dam, pron. indef. [qui, 
 suffix dam J. Some indefi- 
 nite person or thing ; a 
 certain or particular per* 
 son. In line 601, Ex una 
 quidam celebres, etc. =* 
 * Some, celebrated from 
 one circumstance, have 
 their titles,' etc. 
 
 Quidem_, adv. Indeed. 
 
 Quies, etis, f. Hest, repose* 
 
 Quinque, num. adj. indecl. 
 Five [akin to Gr. Tie v re], 
 
 Quirinus, i. [from quiris, a 
 spear, or Cures, a Sabine 
 town]. The name of Rom- 
 ulus, under which he was 
 worshipped. 
 
 1. Quis, quse, quid (Gen., 
 cujus ; Dat., cui), pron. 
 interrog. : 1. What per- 
 son or thing ? What 
 sort of a person or thing ? 
 
 
 
 iVlilCli w/tc .- 
 
 what ? Adverbial neut. 
 
 Ace. : quid, why ? wliere- 
 
 fore? [ziS, who ? which ?]. 
 
i i 
 
 150 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 2. Quis, quid, pron. in- 
 def. Any one, anybody ; 
 anything : — ne quis, that 
 no one : — neu quis, and 
 that no one [rii, *any 
 one ']. 
 
 8. Quis (=quibu8), Datand 
 Abl. plur. of qui. 
 
 Quis-que, quse-que, quod- 
 que, pron. indef. [quis, 
 * any ; ' suffix que]. Each, 
 every, any. As Subst. : 
 quisque, m. Each one, 
 each. 
 
 Quis-quis, quod-quod, or 
 quid-quid, or quic-quid, 
 pr«n. indef. Whatever, 
 whatsoever, person or 
 thing.— As Subst.: quis- 
 quis, m. Whoever, whoso- 
 ever. 
 
 Quo, adv. 1. Whither, where, 
 2. In order that. 
 
 Quod, couj. [adverbial Ace. 
 neut. of qui]. In that, 
 inasmuch as, because. 
 
 Quon-dam, adv. [from quom, 
 old form of quern; suffix 
 dam], 1. Once, once upon 
 a time, formerly. — 2. At 
 some time, at any time, 
 sometimes. 
 
 Quoque, conj. Also, too. 
 
 Quot, num. adj. indecl. 
 [quot-us, *how many']. 
 How many; as many as. 
 
 Quo -t-ies, adv. [quot. *how 
 many']. How many times; 
 how often. — 2. (a). As 
 many timed, as often. — (b) 
 
 As many times as, as 
 often as. 
 
 Quum (old form quom), re- 
 lative adv. and causal conj. 
 1. Relative Adv.: When. 
 — 2. Causal Conj.: seeing 
 that, since, as. 
 
 Rado, rasi, rasum, ere, 3. 
 V. a. Of a river, to sweep. 
 
 Rap-idus, ida, idum, adj. 
 [rap-io, *to tear,' etc]. 
 Tearing or hurrying 
 along ; swift, rapid, etc. 
 
 Rastrum, i. n. [rado]. A 
 rake, harrow. 
 
 Ra-tio, tionis, f. [reor, * to 
 reckon,' through root ra]. 
 A motive, reabon, pur- 
 pose. 
 
 Ratis, is, f. A bark, vessel, 
 ship, [Gr. tpeddoo, * to 
 row;' kpET-/x6v, * an 
 oar;' Lat. remus, * an 
 j)ar ']. 
 
 Ratus, a, um. [part, of reor]. 
 Fixed, certain. 
 
 Rau-cus, ca, cum, adj. 
 (* Sounding '). 1. Of per- 
 sons : Hoarse. — 2. Of 
 things : Hoarse, hollov)- 
 or deep-sounding. 
 
 Recens, ntis, adj. Recent, 
 fresh. 
 
 Recepi, perf. ind. of recipio, 
 
 Reces-sus, sus, m. [fr. re- 
 ced-o, * to recede ']. A re- 
 tired, or secret spot; a nook, 
 corner, recess. 
 
 Recipi, pres. inf. pass, of 
 recipio. ^ 
 
[. 
 
 8 aSf as 
 
 [uom), re- 
 ausal conj. 
 7. : When. 
 ij. : seeing 
 
 m, ere, 3. 
 ', to sweep. 
 lum, adj. 
 ear, ' etc]. 
 ir vying 
 apid^ etc. 
 [rado]. A 
 
 [re or, * to 
 h root ra]. 
 ibon, pur- 
 
 irkf vesself 
 6dGD, * to 
 loVf * an 
 mus, * an 
 
 rt. of reor]. 
 
 um, adj . 
 1. Of per- 
 '. — 2. Of 
 se, hoUov)' 
 
 9- 
 
 j. Recent f 
 
 , of recipio, 
 n. [fr. re- 
 de ']. A re- 
 pot; a nookf 
 
 ', pass, of 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 151 
 
 R5-c5fpio, cepi, ceptum, cip- 
 ere, 3. v. a. 1. (a) To 
 take backf get again. — (b) 
 To recover, regain, — 2. To 
 receive a person. — Pass.: 
 re-cipior, ceptus sum, 
 cipi. 
 
 Recludo, si, sum, ere, 3. v. a. 
 To open. 
 
 Recognosco, gnovi. gnitum, 
 ere, 3. v, a. To recognize. 
 
 Recuso, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 V. a. To refuse. 
 
 Reddidi, perf. ind. of reddo. 
 
 Red-do, didi, ditum, dere, 3. 
 V. a. [red (=re) do]. 1. 
 To give hack^ return^ re- 
 store. 2. To dispensejuQ' 
 tice (252). 
 
 Red-eo, ivi, or ii, itum, ire, 
 V, n. [red (see red-do), 
 'back;' eo, *togo']. To 
 go, or come, back; to re- 
 turn. 
 
 Red-igo, egi, actum, igere, 
 3. V. a. [forred-ago]. To 
 drive 1 ack. 
 
 Redimio, ii, itum, ire, 4. v. a. 
 To hind round, crown, 
 
 Redi-tus, tus, m. [redeo]. 
 A returning^ return. 
 
 Referendus, a, um, Gerund- 
 ive of refero. 
 
 Rg.fero, tuli (and ret-tuli), 
 latum, ferre, v. a. irreg. 
 [re-fero]. 1. To bear, or 
 carry, again or back. 2. 
 To relate, repeat. Pass. : 
 re-feror, latus sum, ferri. 
 
 Reiormido, no. perf. iitum, 
 
 are, 1. v. a. [re-formidoj. 
 To dread. 
 Regn-o, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 V. n. and a. [regn-um]. 
 Neut : To rule, hid stvay, 
 lord it. Pass. : regn-or, 
 atus sum, ari. 
 Reg-num, ni, n. [reg-o, * to 
 
 rule']. A kingdom. 
 
 Rego, rexi, rectum, regere, 
 
 3. v.a. : 1. To rule, goV' 
 
 em. — 2. To guide, direct, 
 
 Relictus, a, um, P, perf. 
 
 pass, of relinquo. 
 
 Re-ligo, ligavi, ligatum, 
 
 ligare, 1. v. a. [re, ligo, 
 
 * to bind ']. To hind fast, 
 
 to hind, — Pass. : re-ligor, 
 
 ligatus sum, ligari. 
 
 Re-linquo, liqui, lictum, 
 
 linquere, 3. v. a. To 
 
 leave, quit, to leave behind, 
 
 — Pass. : relinquor, lictus 
 
 sum, linqui. 
 
 Renovo, avi, atum, are. 1. 
 
 v. a. [re-novus]. To renew, 
 
 Reor, ratus sum, 2. v. n* 
 
 To believe, think, suppose^ 
 
 Repentinus, a, um, adj. : 
 
 [repens] . Sudden . 
 Repens, ntis, adj. : Sudden, 
 
 Adv. suddenly, 
 Re-perio, peri (and repperi), 
 pertum, perire, 4. v. a. 
 fr. re, [* again;' pario, * to 
 produce']. To find, find 
 out, discover.— ifass. : re- 
 perior, perttis sum, perlri. 
 Repertus, a, um, P. perf. 
 pass, of reperio. 
 
1 
 
 152 5. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 M 
 
 fj . 
 
 I i 
 
 Reqiiles, etis, f. jfteat^ repoce. 
 ilequiro,sivi,(sii),sItum, ere. 
 
 8. y. a. To ask ; to de- 
 
 mvindhack (213). 
 Res, rei, i. 1, A thing. — 2; 
 
 An affair, matter , etc. 
 
 [akin to ^dooy * to say']. 
 Resero, avi, atum. Sre, 1. 
 
 V. a. [sera = a bolt]. To 
 
 unlock, 
 Resolvo, solvi, solutum, Sre, 
 
 3. V. a. To unbind, loosen, 
 
 jora, 255). 
 Res^icio, spexi, spectum, 
 
 spicere, 3. v. a. [fr. re ; 
 
 ^specio]. To look back at. 
 Re-stituo, stitui, stitutum, 
 
 stituere, 3. v. a. (fr. re, 
 
 * a^ain ;* statuo, ' to set 
 
 up ]. To restore to a 
 
 former condition ; to re- 
 
 establish. 
 Besurgo, surrexi, surrec- 
 
 tum, ere, 3. v.n. To rise 
 
 again, 
 Retentus, a, um, P. perf. 
 
 pass, of retineo. 
 Re-tineo, tinui, tentiim, tin- 
 
 ere, 2. v. a. [forre-tSneo]. 
 
 To detain, restrain. Pass. ; 
 
 re-tineor, tentus sum, 
 
 tineri. 
 Reus, a, um, adj. An accused 
 
 person, a defendant. 
 Revertere, pres. imperat. of 
 
 revertor. 
 Revertor, versus sum, verti. 
 
 3. V. dep. To turn hack. 
 Rcvoca-men, minis, n. [re- 
 
 voc(a)-o, *to call back']. 
 
 A calling back, a recall; 
 applied to the bellowing of 
 the bulls (tauros,) stolen 
 by Cacus, which Hercules 
 heard. 
 
 Rhenus, i, m. The Rhenua 
 (now Rhine); a river be* 
 tween Gaul and Germany. 
 
 Rid-eo, risi, risum, ridere, 
 2. V. a. To laugh at, rfc- 
 ride, ridicule, 
 
 RIgesco, rigui, 5re, 3. v. in- 
 choat. To stand up with 
 fear. 
 
 Rigidus, a, um, adj . [rigeo]. 
 Rigid, firm. 
 
 Ripa, », f. The bank of a 
 river. 
 
 Ritus, us, m. Abl. rite used 
 adverbially. According to 
 rite, duly. 
 
 Robigo, inis. f, [ruber]. 
 Rust, mildew, blight. 
 
 Rog-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. 
 a. To ask, beg. Pass.: 
 rog-or, atus sum, ari. 
 
 Roma, 33, f. Rome ; a city 
 of Central Italy, on the 
 banks of the Tiber, the 
 capital of the Roman Em- 
 jire. — Hence, Rom-anus, 
 ana, anum, adj. Of, or 
 belonging to, Rome ; Ro' 
 man. — As Subst.: Rom- 
 ani, drum, m. plur. Tne 
 Romans [fiGojat}?]. 
 
 Komanus, a, um, Komani, 
 orum. See Roma. 
 
 Romulus, i. ii. First King 
 of Rome. 
 
VOCABULAUY. 
 
 153 
 
 , a recall; 
 illowing of 
 98,) stolen 
 L Hercules 
 
 ic Rhenua 
 river be- 
 Germany, 
 n, ridere, 
 \h atj dc" 
 
 , 3. V. in- 
 \d up with 
 
 J . [ngeo]. 
 
 ^anh of a 
 
 rite used 
 cording to 
 
 [rube r]. 
 ight. 
 
 are, 1. v. 
 jf. Pass. : 
 1, ari. 
 t; a, city 
 f, on the 
 fiber, the 
 )man Em- 
 lom-anus, 
 . 0/, or 
 jme ; Ro* 
 t.: Rom- 
 lur. The 
 
 n. 
 
 Komani, 
 a. 
 first King 
 
 Riidis. e, adi. Unpolished, 
 
 rude. Rudes operums 
 
 unaccustomed to labour. 
 Rugosus, a, um, adj. [ruga]. 
 
 Wrinkledy shrivelled. 
 Ruina, 8B, f. [ruo]. Ruin. 
 Rup-es, is, f. [ru(m)p-o, *to 
 
 break, ' through root rup]. 
 
 A cliffy steep rock. 
 Rurlcola, ae, m. [rus — colo]. 
 
 Husbandman, farmer, 
 Rursus, adv. Again, 
 Rus, ruris (in plur. only in 
 
 Nom. and Ace. rura), n. 
 
 The country. — Plur.: The 
 
 fields, 
 Rusticus, a, um, adj. [rus]. 
 
 Rustic, rural ; as Subst. a \ 
 
 farmer^ countryman, 
 Sabinus, a, um. adj. 8a» 
 
 bine. 
 Sacellum, i, n. A chapel 
 
 [sacer]. 
 Sac-er, ra, mm, adj. Sacred, 
 
 — As Subst. : sacrum, i, n. 
 
 A religious solemnity, a 
 
 sacrH rite [akin to Gr. 
 
 Sacerdos, Otis, comm. [sacer]. 
 
 A priest or priestess. 
 Sacratus, a. um. [part, of 
 
 sacro, avi, atum, are]. 
 
 Made holy, consecrated. 
 Sacrincus, a, um, adj.: 
 
 [sacer]. Sacrificial, belong- 
 ing to the priest, 
 Sacro, avi. atum, are, 1. v. 
 
 a. To consecrate. 
 Saecuium, i, n. [secus]. An 
 
 age, generation, 
 Saep-5, adv. [obsol. saep-is, 
 
 * frequent ']. Frequently, 
 
 often. 
 Ssevus, a, um, adj. : 1. Fierce, 
 
 savage. 2. Cruel. 
 Sal, sal is, m. [akin to d'A?]. 
 
 Salt, 
 Saltus, lis, ta, [salio]. A 
 
 leap. 
 Salve, plur. salvete, imper- 
 
 at. Hai/.f welcome! from 
 Salveo, ere, 2. [salvus.] To 
 
 be well. 
 Sanctus, a, um, [part, of 
 
 sancio, xi, nctum, ire]. Sa* 
 
 cred. 
 Sanguis, in is, m. Blood, 
 
 bhodshed. 
 Sanus, a, um, adj. [ddoi], 
 
 Sound, sane. Non sanus = 
 
 frenzied, distracted =^}Ym' 
 
 phatus. 
 Sapor, oris, m,[sapio]. Taste, 
 
 flavour. 
 Sarculum, i n, [sarrio]. A 
 
 hoe, 
 Satio, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. 
 
 [satis]. To satiate. 
 Satis, adv. or adj. Enough, 
 
 sufficient, 
 Satumus, i, m. [satus]. Sa- 
 
 turn (identified with the 
 
 Greek Kpdvoi), the most 
 
 ancient King of Latium. 
 Saxum, i, n. 1.-4 large, 
 
 rough stone. 2. A huge 
 
 stone, a detached mass of 
 
 rock, 
 Scaber, bra, brum, adj. 
 
 Scurfy, scabrous. 
 Scando, di, sum, ere. 3. v. a. 
 To climb. 
 
154 p. OVIDII NASONIS PA8T0RUM LIB. 1, 
 
 ^f 
 
 i 
 
 
 ScSlSra-tus, ta, turn, adj. 
 
 [sc§15r(a)-o, * to pollute 
 
 with guilt ']. ImpioiM, 
 
 wickedf etc. 
 Scl-llcet, adv. [contr. fr. 
 
 scire-llcet, * it is permitted 
 
 to know']. In good truth, 
 
 indeed, forsooth. 
 Scindo, scidi, scissum, 5re. 
 
 To cut, interrupt. 
 Scio, scivi and scii, scitum, 
 
 scire, 4 v. a. To know. 
 Scorteus, a, um, [scortum]. 
 
 Made of leather. At line 
 
 629, neuter, ■p\vLr.= things 
 
 made of hide. 
 Se (reduplicated sese), Ace. 
 
 and Abl of sui. 
 Secedo, cessi, cessum, 5re. 
 
 3. V. n. To retire, sepa- 
 
 rate, withdraw. 
 Seco, cui, ctum, are, 1. v, a. 
 
 To cut. 
 Sectus, a, um, P. peif. pass, 
 
 of seco. 
 Secum = cum se. See cum. 
 Secundus, a, um, adj . 
 
 Second. 
 Seourus, a, um, adj; [8e= 
 
 sinecura], Secure. 
 Sed, conj. But, yet. 
 Sedens, ntis, P. pres. of 
 
 sedeo. 
 Sedeo, sedi, sessum, sedere, 
 
 2. V. n. : 1. To sit, or set' 
 
 tie. 2. To settle down [akin 
 
 to i'd'Oi, i'^ojiioct]. 
 Se-ges, getis, f. [se-ro, * to 
 
 sow']. 1. A corn-field. 
 
 2. A corn-crop. 
 
 S5m-el, adv. : 1. Once, hut 
 once, OTice for alt. 2. At 
 once [akin to d'f^-d]. 
 
 S6men, in is, n. [sero]. Seed, 
 
 Sementis, is, f. [semen], 
 ^Sowing, seed-time, 
 
 Sementivus, a, um, adj. [se- 
 mentis]. Belonging to sow- 
 ing, sementive. 
 
 Semimas, maris, adj. [semi- 
 mas]. Castrated. Semi- 
 maris ovi8 = o/ a wether. 
 
 Semper, adv. [akin to sem- 
 el]. Always, ever. 
 
 Senator, oris, m. [senex], A 
 senator. 
 
 Sen-ex, is adj. [sSn-eo, * to 
 be old']. Old, aged. — 
 As Subst.: An old man; 
 Comp. : sen-ior. 
 
 Sentio, sensi, sensum, sent- 
 ire, 4. v. a. : 1. To see, per- 
 ceive. — 2. To observe,notic€, 
 feel, — Pass.: sentior, sen- 
 8U8 sum, sentiri. 
 
 Septum, i, n. [sepio]. An 
 inclosure. Plur. septa, 
 orum. The voting booths 
 in the Campus Martius. 
 
 S6qu-or, utus sum, i. 3 v. 
 dep.: 1. To follow. — 2. 
 To pursue [akin to Gr. 
 fVo/iai.] 
 
 Series [ei] f. A series. 
 
 Sera, ae, f. A holt, har. 
 [sero]. 
 
 Serenus, a, um, adj. Clear, 
 serene. 
 
 Sero, sevi, sJttum, sere re, 3. 
 V. a. To sow. 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
I. 
 
 OiicCt hvi 
 U. 2. At 
 
 sro]. Seed, 
 [semen] 
 le, 
 
 ), adj. [se 
 ring to sow 
 
 adj. [semi 
 id. Semi 
 a wether, 
 n to sem- 
 ver. 
 [senex]. A 
 
 m-eo, * to 
 J, aged. — 
 old man; 
 
 r. 
 
 sum, sent- 
 
 To seCf per- 
 
 srve,notice, 
 
 ntior, sen- 
 
 • 
 
 1. 
 
 spio]. An 
 ar. septa, 
 ling booths 
 Martins, 
 n, i. 3 V. 
 '"allow. — 2. 
 in to Gr. 
 
 series, 
 bolt, bar. 
 
 Ij. Clear, 
 
 , sere re, 3. 
 
 ^r 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 155 
 
 ' 
 
 ( 
 
 Serv-0, ftvi, Stum, ftre, 1. ▼. I 
 a. 1. To preserve, protect. 
 I?. To pay attention to ; to 
 observe^ keep, etc. 
 
 Sese, redup. Ace. and Abl. 
 
 /•WW 
 
 of SUl. 
 
 Sen. See sive. 
 
 Sextus, a, um, adj. [sex]. — 
 
 Sixth. 
 SI, conj. //[fif]. 
 Sibi, Dat. sing, andplur. of 
 
 SUl. 
 
 Sic, adv. In this way, so, 
 
 thics. 
 Sic-ut, adv. [sic, * so ;* ut, 
 
 * as ']. So as, just as. 
 Sid-us, §ris, n. A star 
 
 [£t<5o5]. 
 Significo, avi, atum, are. 1. 
 
 V. a. [signum-facio]. To 
 
 indicate. 
 Signo, avi, atum, are, 1 . v. 
 
 a. To mark, stamp. 
 Signum, i, n. A sign; a con- 
 stellation. 
 Sil-eo, ui, no sup., ere, 2. v. 
 
 n. To be silent or still. 
 Silv-a, 86, f. A wood, forest 
 
 [Gr. &X'Vl 
 Sim-ul, adv.: 1. At once, cU 
 
 the same time. — 2. With 
 
 or without ac or atque. As 
 
 soon as [akin to Gr, o*'jii' 
 
 oioi]. 
 Sine, prep. gov. Abl. [akin 
 
 to se, * apart']. Without. 
 Sinister, tra, trum, adj. : 
 
 "•'J '"• 
 Sinistra, se, f. (sc. manus). 
 
 The left hand. 
 
 Sisto, stiti, stStum, Sre, 8. 
 
 V. a. To check. 
 SXtio, ivi and ii. Ire, 4. v. a. 
 
 [sitis]. To thirst for. 
 Si-ve (contr. seu), conj. Or 
 
 if: — si . . sive, if . . or 
 
 i/\' — sive (seu) . . . sive 
 
 (seu), whether ... or. 
 SScius, ii, m. As adj. allied 
 
 with. 
 S6l, solis, m.: 1. The sun. 
 
 — 2. Sol or the sun-god; 
 
 i.e., Apollo or Phoebus; 
 
 [i^'X'ioq. 
 Solatium, ii, n. [solor]. So- 
 lace. 
 S61-eo, Itus sum, ere, 2. v. 
 
 semi-dep . n. To be accus- 
 
 tomed. 
 S61um, i, n. [sfid-eo]. Tha 
 
 ground, soil. 
 Solus, a, um (Gen. sollus ; 
 
 Dat. soli), adj.; Alone, 
 
 lonely, solitary, desert. 
 Solutus, a, um. P. perf. pars. 
 
 of solvo. 
 So-lvo, luturn, Ivi, Ivere, 3. 
 
 V. a. [fr.se, luo]. Toloosen, 
 
 dissolve, redeem. — Pass. : 
 
 solvor, solutus sum, solvi. 
 Som-nus, i, m. Sleep [akin 
 
 toGr. viC'Vo^l. 
 SSnans, ntis, P. pres. of sSno. 
 S6n-o, tli, itum, are, 1. v. n. 
 
 To sound, resound. 
 Sontti, perf. ind. of sono. 
 S6n-us, i, m. [son-o], A 
 
 noiM; sound, word, 
 Soror, oris. f. A sister. 
 Sors, tis, f.: 1.-4 lot by 
 
■."•B-LiW-JL.. - l"^' 
 
 mi 
 
 156 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 4. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 which anything is deter- 
 mined. — 2. Lotf condition. 
 
 Sparj^o, sparsi, sparsum, spar- 
 gere, 3. v. a. To sprinkle, 
 scatter. Pass: spargor, 
 sparsus sum, spargi. 
 
 Sparsus, a, um, P. perf. 
 pass, of spargo. 
 
 Spec-to, tavi, tatum, tare, 
 1. V. a. and n. intens. 
 [spec-io, *to see ']. 1. Act. : 
 To look atf or towards; to 
 gaze at or upon. — 2. Neut. : 
 To look, gaze, etc. 
 
 Spelunca, se, f. A cave, 
 cavern [d7t7}Xvy^]. 
 
 Spes, spei, f. [fr. sper-o]. 
 Hope, expectation. 
 
 Spica, 88, f. An ear of corn, 
 etc. 
 
 Spiro, avi, atum, are, 1 . v. 
 n. To breathe, 
 
 Squal-idus, ida, idum, adj. 
 [squal-eo, * to be foul *]. 
 Foul, filthy, squalid. 
 
 Status, a, um [part, of sisto, 
 stiti, statum]. Fixed, of 
 feasts. 
 
 Statuo, ui, utum, 6re, 3. v. 
 a. To determin£. 
 
 Stel-la, lae, f. [fr. sterno, 
 * to strew ']. A star. 
 
 Ster-ilis, ile, adj. Barren, 
 sterile ; avena, wild oats 
 [akin to Gr. 6Tep -p*c 5, 
 
 Stfiti. See sto. 
 Stip-es, itis, m. A stem, or 
 trunk, of a tree, rfc. [Gr. 
 
 V » i^ stf — \f sit 
 
 Stips, sttpis, f. A smal) 
 
 piece of money, a gift. 
 Stipiila, SB, f. [stips]. Straw. 
 Sto, steti, statum, stare, 1, 
 
 V. n. To stand. 
 Striies, Is, f. [struo], A heap, 
 
 of little offering cakes. 
 Sub, prep. gov. Abl. and 
 
 Ace. 1. With Abl. Under, 
 
 beneath. — 2, With Ace: 
 
 Under, beneath [akin to 
 
 Gr. vTt'o]. 
 Siib-eo, ivi or ii, Ttum, ire, 
 
 4. v.a. [sub — eo]. To go, ox 
 
 come, under; to undergo. 
 Siibiturus, a, um, fut. part. 
 
 of slibeo. 
 Subi-tus, ta, turn, adj. [siib- 
 
 6o]. Sudden, unexpected, 
 Subjicio, jeci, jectum, 6re, 
 
 8. a. n. To throw under, 
 
 to mingle. 
 Subjectus, a, um, [part, of 
 
 subjicio]. Subjectis granis 
 
 = the scattered seeds. 
 Sublimis, e, adj. [sub-levo]. 
 
 Lofty,, exalted. 
 Sub-sido, sedi, sessum, sid- 
 
 ere, 3. v. n. [sub, sido]. 
 
 To sink down. 
 Subsisto, stiti, ere, 3. v. n. 
 
 To stop short. 
 Suffusus, a, um, part, of 
 
 suffundo, fudi, fusum, ere. 
 
 3. V. a. To suffuse. 
 
 1. Sui, orum; plur. ofsuus. 
 
 2. Sui (no Nom.), reflex, 
 pron. sing, and plur. Of 
 himself, herself, • itself, 
 
 
 
 lu H 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 157 
 
 smftl] 
 
 gift. 
 
 Straw. 
 tare, 1. 
 
 4 heap, 
 ikes. 
 )1. and 
 UndeVf 
 \ Ace. : 
 Eikin to 
 
 im, ire, 
 ^0 gOfOT 
 dergo. 
 t. part. 
 
 j. [siib- 
 
 vpected, 
 
 ,m, 6re, 
 
 under, 
 
 part, of 
 s granis 
 s. 
 b-levo], 
 
 tn, sld- 
 , sido]. 
 
 3. V. n. 
 
 )art. of 
 im, ere. 
 
 ofsuus. 
 
 reflex. 
 
 ur. 0/ 
 
 ' itself, 
 
 1. Suis, Gea. sing, of sus; 
 line 672. 
 
 2. Siiis, Dat. and Abl. plur. 
 of siius. 
 
 Sulfur, liris, n. Sulphur. 
 
 Sum, fui, esse, v. n. To he, 
 
 Summus, a, um, sup. adj. 
 See superus. 
 
 Sumo, sumpsi, sumptum, 
 ere [sub-emo ?]. 1. To take; 
 animum =cowragre. — 2. To 
 assume ; in line 599 
 sumat=Ae would assume 
 as many, etc. 
 
 Sumptus, a um, P. perf. 
 pass, of sumo. 
 
 Super, prep. gov. ace: 1. 
 Over, above. — 2. Upon^ on 
 the top of. — 3. Above, 
 beyond [akin to vTtep'i, 
 
 Superator, oris, m. [supero]. 
 Conqueror. 
 
 Super-bus, ba, bum, adj. : 
 [itlper, * above']. Proud, 
 haughty, arrogant ; in line 
 697, illustrious. 
 
 Siiper-o, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 V. n. [super, *over']. To 
 be over and above, to re- 
 main. 
 
 Super-sum, fui, esse, v. n. 
 [super, sum]. To survive, 
 remain. 
 
 Sup6r-us, a, um, adj. [super, 
 * above ']. 1. Pos. : That 
 is above, the (gods) above. 
 2. Sup. : summus, a, um : 
 (a) Highest, loftiest. — (b) 
 The highest part, or top. 
 
 V- 
 
 final. 
 
 
 r.r.a* 
 
 Sup-pono, p5siii, pos?tum, 
 ponere, 3. v. a. [fr. siib, 
 pono]. To put, or place, 
 beneath. 
 
 Sus, stlis, comm. Gen. A 
 hog, sow [Gr. i?]. 
 
 SuB-cipio, cepi, cepturo, 
 cipere, 3. v. a. [sub, c&- 
 pio.] To undertake, take 
 in hand, take upon one's 
 self, etc. 
 
 Suspendo, di, sum, ere, 3. v. 
 a.[sub-pendo].yo h4i>ng up. 
 
 Sus-tTneo, tinui, tentum, 
 tinere, 2. v. a. [for subs* 
 t e ne oj. To bear up under, 
 endure, sustain; to retain. 
 
 Sustuli, perf. ind. of toUo. 
 
 Su-us, a, um,pron. poss. [2. 
 sii-i]. Belonging to him' 
 self, etc.; his, etc., own ; 
 his, hers, its. 
 
 Taceo, ui, itum, ere, 2. v. n. 
 To be silent, 
 
 Tac-itus, ita, itum, adj. 
 [tac-eo, *to be silent ']. 1. 
 Silent, — 2. Committed in 
 silence, secret, Jiidden,etc, 
 
 Tabella, se, f. dim. [tabula]. 
 A tablet, a board covered 
 with wax, on which the 
 Romans wrote. 
 
 Ta-lis, le, adj. Of such a 
 kind, such. — As Subst. : 
 talia, lum, n. plur. Such 
 things or words. 
 
 Tarn. adv. [prob. akin to 
 talis]. So, so very. 
 
 Tamen, adv. Notuxithstand' 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 ever, still, yet. 
 
158 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS FASTOR M LIB. I, 
 
 n 
 
 Tam-quam (tan-quam), adv. 
 So aSt ju8t aSf as it were. 
 
 Tango, tetigi, tactum, tang- 
 ere, 3. v. a.: 1. To touch, 
 — 2. Of places : To come, 
 or gOf to ; to reach, arrive 
 at. 
 
 Tant-um, adv. [adverbial 
 neut. of tant-us]. 1. So 
 much. — 2. Only, 
 
 Tant-us, a, um, adj.: So 
 much ; so great or large. 
 
 Tiirentus, or Tarentos. See 
 Tgrentus. 
 
 Tarpeius, a, um, adj. [Tar- 
 peia]. Tarpeian, belong- 
 ing to the Tarpeian rock. 
 
 Tatius, ii,(in 260,Tati), Titus 
 Tatius, Kin^ of the Sa- 
 bines, and joint king with 
 Romulus. 
 
 Taur-us, i, m. A hull[GT. 
 ravft'O?]. 
 
 Tec- turn, ti, n. [forteg-tum; 
 fr. teg-o, * to cover']. 1. 
 The roof. 2. — An abode, 
 house. 
 
 Tecum =cmn te. See cum. 
 
 Tege-aeus, sea, geum, adj. 
 [Tege-a, * Tegea ' (now 
 *Paleo-Episcopi')]. Area' 
 dian . — Tegeaea domus, 
 the Arcadian house, i.e., 
 the house of Evander. 
 
 Tego, texi, tectum, tegere, 
 3. V. a. To cover. — Pass.: 
 tegor, tectus stmi, tcgi 
 fakin to 6r. (Srij^ia]. 
 
 'I ttllus, uris, f. : 1. Th&earth 
 as opp. to the sea.— 2. 
 
 A land, country. — 3. Teh 
 lies, the earth as a goddess, 
 also called Terra. 
 
 Temerarius, a, um adj. 
 temere]. Bash, unadvised. 
 
 Tempestas, atis, f. [tempus]. 
 A tempest. 
 
 Templum, i, n. A temple. 
 ' Tem-pus, poris, n. 1. (a) A 
 portion of time; a time, 
 season. — (b) Time in gene- 
 ral. — 2. Plur. ; Festivals. 
 
 Ten-do, tetendi, tensum, or 
 tentum, tendere, 3. v. a. 
 and n . To stretch, stretch 
 out, extend. Pass. : tendor, 
 sus sum, di [akin to rei" 
 
 VGO]. 
 
 Ten-eo, ui, tum, ere, 2. v. a. 
 
 [akin to ten-do] . To hold, 
 
 have, keep possession of. 
 TSn-ef, era, erum, adj. 1. 
 
 Tender , delicate. — 2. 
 
 Young, youthful. 
 TSpidus, a, um, adj. [tepeo]. 
 
 Warm, genial. 
 Ter, adv. Thrice. 
 Terentus or-os, i. A place 
 
 in the Campus Martins, 
 
 near the Tiber, where was 
 
 an altar of Dis or Pluto. 
 Tergum, i. n. pi. terga. The 
 
 back. 
 Terra, se, f. 1. The earth. 
 
 2. The goddess Terra, 
 
 same as Tellus. 
 Terreo, tti, itum, ere, 2. v. 
 
 a. To frighten. 
 Territus, a, um, part, [of 
 
 terreo]. Frightened, • 
 
 ▼ 
 

 T 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 159 
 
 3. Teh 
 
 pddess, 
 
 n adj. 
 idvised. 
 3m pus]. 
 
 emple. 
 
 1. (a) A 
 I timey 
 in gene- 
 stivals. 
 mm, or 
 3. V. a. 
 
 stretch 
 tendoi, 
 
 to TBI' 
 
 2. V. a. 
 ^0 hold, 
 mof, 
 adj. 1. 
 itz. — 2. 
 
 [tepeo]. 
 
 L place 
 [artius, 
 ere was 
 Pluto, 
 ja. The 
 
 earth, 
 err a, 
 
 , 2. V. 
 
 irt. [of 
 ?d, • 
 
 '" 
 
 
 Tertius, a, um, num. adj. 
 
 [tresl. Third. 
 Testificor, atus, ari, 1. dep. 
 
 [testis-facio]. To bear 
 
 witness, show. 
 Textum, i. n. [texo, ui, 
 
 xtum, 3. V. a.] A hoard, 
 
 2y(ank. 
 
 Tiberis, or Tibris, bndis or 
 is, m. The river Tiber, 
 
 Titan, ams,m. A Titan. In 
 line 617 it is used as an 
 epithet of the sun — Titan 
 tertius = the third sun. 
 
 Tirynth-ius, ia, ium, adj. 
 [Tiryns, Tirynth-os; 
 • Tiryns,' a town of Argo- 
 lis, where Hercules 
 was brought up]. Of, or 
 belonging to Tiryns; 
 Tirynthian ; Tirynthius 
 hospes = Hercules. 
 
 Tithonus, i, m. Son of 
 Laomedon, brother of 
 Priam, and husband of 
 Aurora. The gods made 
 him immortal, but did not 
 give him eternal youth, 
 on which account he be- 
 came very decrepit. Auro- 
 ra then changed him into 
 a cicada. 
 
 Tim-§o, ui, no sup., ere, 2. 
 V. a. and n. 1. Act. : To 
 fear, dread, be afraid of. 
 — 2. Neut. : To fear, be 
 afraid. 
 
 Tim!dus, a, um, adj .[timeo]. 
 'liiiiia. 
 
 Timor, oris, m. [timeo]. 
 Dread, terror, 
 
 Titulus, i, m. A title. 
 
 Tollo, sustuli, sublatum, 
 tollere, 3. v. a. 1. To lift 
 up, raise.-— 2. To carry 
 away, bear q/.—Pass.: 
 tollor, sublatus sum, 
 tolli[akinto Gr. rA.aai, 
 * to bear ']. 
 
 Torqueo, torsi, tortum, tor- 
 quere, 2. v. a. To twist. 
 
 Torques, or torquis, is, m. 
 and f. [torqueo]. A 
 twisted collar. 
 
 T5r-us, i, m. A couch, a 
 bed ; [6r. rt'A -7, ' a 
 cushion.'] 
 
 Torvus, a, um, adj. [ropdi]. 
 Wild, fierce, stern. 
 
 T5t, num, adj. indecl. 80 
 many, as many. Tot — 
 quot = as many cw. 
 
 Totidem, indecl. num. adj. 
 Just 80 many, just as 
 many. 
 
 To-tus, ta, tum (Gen., to ti- 
 ns ; Dat. , toti), adj. The 
 whole or entire, the whole 
 
 of 
 
 Trabeatus, a, um, adj. Ptra- 
 bea, a robe of state]. Clad 
 in the trabea. 
 
 Trabs, trabis, f. [rpaTCrf^]. 
 A beam, rafter, 
 
 Tra-do, didi, ditum, dSre, 
 3. f. a. [tia.= trans]. To 
 deliver up, betray, surren- 
 der. Pass.: tra-dor, ditu" 
 sum, di. 
 
160 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS PASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 m 
 
 l\ 
 
 ,., 
 
 TrSho, traxi, tractum, ?re, 
 8. V. a. To draw, derive, 
 
 Trans-eo, ivi or ii, itum, ire, 
 V. D. irreg. [trans, * be- 
 yond ;' eo, * to go ']. To 
 go beyond or past ; to go 
 by, pass away. 
 
 Trem-ttlus, iila, ulum, adj. 
 
 [trem-o, * to tremble ']. 
 
 Trembling, quivering. 
 Trep-idus, ida, idum, adj. 
 
 Alarmed, trembling with 
 
 alarm [prob. akin to 
 
 Tf)£1t'0O]. 
 
 Tres, tria, num. adj. plur. 
 Three. [Gr. rpfi: Sj. 
 
 Tribus, Dat. and Abl. plur. 
 
 of tres. 
 Tri-nod-is, e, adj. [tres, 
 
 * th ree;' nod-us, *a 
 
 knot *] . Having three 
 
 knots or knobs ; three- 
 
 knobbed. 
 Tris-tis, te, adj. Sad, sor- 
 
 rowfuly morose, gloomy. 
 Triticeus, a, um, adj. [triti- 
 
 cum]. Made of wheat, 
 
 wheaten. 
 Triumphatus, a, um, [part. 
 
 of triumplio, avi, atum, 
 
 are]. Conquered. 
 Triumpbus, i, m. [Bpiocju- 
 
 fio^]. Atuumph. 
 Tu, tiii (plui-. vos. vestrum 
 
 or vestil), peis. pron. 
 
 Thou, you^ [Gr. rx, Doric 
 
 form of 6v]. 
 Tuliu, SB, r A tntmpet. 
 Tu-eor, iiiis sum, eri, 2 v. 
 
 dep. To look to ; to pro* 
 tect, keep, defend, 
 
 1. Tui, Gen. sing, of tu. 
 
 2. Tui, omm. See tuus. 
 Turn, adv. : I, At that time; 
 
 then. 
 
 Tumeo, ere, 2. v. n. To 
 swell, (152). 
 
 Tun-c, adv. [tum-ce]. At 
 that time, then: 
 
 Turba, se, f. A crowd, muh 
 titude\Q\\ Tvfjfirf]. 
 
 Turnus, i, m. King of tbe 
 Rutuli, when ^Eneas came 
 into Italy. He was slain 
 by^^fineas. 
 
 Tiis, turis, n. \9voi\ Frank-' 
 incense. In plur. tura. 
 
 Tusc-us, a, um, adj. [Tusci, 
 * the Tusci or Etrurians'], 
 Tuscan, Etrurian. 
 
 Tutela, 88, f. [tueor, tutus]. 
 Gv£brdianship , 
 
 Tu-tus, ta, turn, adj. [tu- 
 eor, * to protect']. Safe. 
 Comp. : tutior ; Sup., tut- 
 issimus. 
 
 Tu-us, a, um, pron. poss. 
 [ill, tii-i]. Thy, thine, 
 your. — As Subst.: ttii, 
 orum, m. plur. Those 
 belonging to thee; thy 
 friends. 
 
 Tybris, is and idis m. The 
 Tybris or Tiber. 
 ^Tydeus, eos and ei, m. , 
 [Tvdevi]. Sonof Oeneus, 
 king of Calydon. H e was 
 compelled to leave bis 
 country for having coni- 
 
 H 
 
 i 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 161 
 
 The 
 
 ^ 
 
 mitted a murder. He 
 married Deipyle, daughter 
 of Adrastus, King of 
 Argos, by whom he be- 
 came the father of Die- 
 medes. 
 
 Tjrphoeus (trisyll.), Si or 
 eos (Ace. Typhoea), m. 
 
 ^Typhoetis; a huge giant, 
 stmck with lightning by 
 Jupiter, and buried under 
 Mount Etna. 
 
 Tyrius, a, um. See Tyrus. 
 
 Tyrus, i, f. Tyrus or Tyre 
 now the ruins of Sur) ; 
 Tyr-ius, ia, ium, adj. Of, 
 or belonging to. Tyre; 
 Tyrian. — AsSubst. Tyrii, 
 crura, m. pi. TheTyrians ; 
 1. e., the Carthaginians 
 [Tvpoiy a word of Phoe- 
 nician origin, signifying 
 ' Rock ']. 
 
 U-bi, adv. 1. 
 Where. — 2. 
 When. 
 
 Ubique, adv. 
 everywhere. 
 
 Ul-lus, la, Ium (Gen. uUius; 
 Dat. ulli), adj.. fr. un-us, 
 
 * one '. Any. 
 Ultimus a, um, sup. adj. 
 
 Latest, last. In degree : 
 Utmost, greatest, extreme. 
 Poss. : obsol. ulter ; Com p. : 
 ulterior. 
 Ul-tor, toris, m. [fr. ulc-iscor, 
 
 * to avenge ']. An avenger. 
 Ultra, adv. and prep, cum 
 
 Ace. Beyond. " 
 
 Of place : 
 Of time : 
 
 Anywhere, 
 
 Ultus, a, um, P. perf. o 
 
 ulcisor. 
 
 Ulva, ae, f. Sedge. 
 
 Umbra, se, f. Shade, 
 
 Unda, ®, f. Water. 
 
 U-nde, adv. 1. From which 
 place, whence, — 2. By 
 what means. 
 
 Un-us, a, um, adj. (Gen. 
 unius ; Dat. uni). 1. Otie. 
 2. AloTU, only, sole, etc. 
 [akin to eh,hv6i\ 
 
 Urb-s, is, f. A city, a walled 
 town. 
 
 Uro, uss^, ustum, ere. 3. v. 
 [cf. ;ru/3]. 1. To hum, con- 
 sume. 2. Of the frost, to 
 wither, (line 680). 
 
 Ut (uti), adv. and conj. 1. 
 Adv.: (a) As. — (b) When, 
 ut semel=when once. — 
 — (c) Inasmuch a^.— (d) 
 How: Conj.: (a) So that. 
 — (b) In order that. 
 
 Uterus, i, m. The womh. 
 
 Uter-que, utra-que, utruni- 
 que (Gen. utrlus-que — 
 Dat. utrique), pion. adj. 
 One and the other ; both^ 
 each. 
 
 Ut-ilis, lie, adj. [ut-or, *to 
 use']. Useful, scrvicedble, 
 profitable, advantageou^s. 
 
 U t i 1 i t a s, utis, f. [utilis]. 
 Utility. 
 
 Utor, usus sum, iiti, 3. v. 
 dep.: With Abl. : To use, 
 make use of, employ, (*> 
 enjoy. 
 
 Uxor, oris, f. A wije, spouse. 
 
162 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS FASTORUM LIB. I 
 
 II 
 
 Vaco, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 V. n. With AM. To he 
 without or devoid of, free 
 from. 
 
 Vac-uus,ua,uum,adj. [vSc-o, 
 
 * to be empty 'J. Freefrom^ 
 devoid of^ empty. 
 
 Vadum, i, n. [vaco, fiaivoo]. 
 
 A shallow ford ; in plur. 
 
 waters. 
 Vag-or, atussum, ari, 1. v. 
 
 dep. [vag-us, *' v, mder- 
 
 ing"]. To wander about; 
 
 to roam^ ramUe^ ra^ige, 
 
 rove. 
 Validus,ida, Jdum, adj.[val- 
 
 eo,* to be strong']. Strong, 
 
 powerful, mighty. 
 Vallis, is, f. A valley. 
 Varius, a, um, adj. Various. 
 Vastus, a, um, adj. Vast, 
 
 huge, immense. 
 Vates, is, comm. A prophet, 
 
 a poet. 
 Ve, enclitic conj. [apoco- 
 pated fr. vel]. Or. 
 Veho, vexi, vectum, vehere, 
 
 3. V. a. To carry, convey, 
 Vel, conj. [akin to v61-o]. 
 
 Or if you Will ; or : — vel 
 
 . . . vel, either . . , or, 
 Ve-lum, li, n. [fr. veh-o, 
 
 * to carry ']. A sail. 
 Vel-ut, adv. [vel, *even;' 
 
 ut, *as*]. Even as, just as. 
 
 Vena, aa, f. A vein, a water- 
 course. 
 
 Venerandus, a um. [Gerun- 
 dive of vSneror]. To be 
 revered, vtneraoie. 
 
 Venio, veni, ventum, vgnire, 
 4. V. n. To come. 
 
 Venter, tris, m. [evreoovl 
 The belly. "^ 
 
 Vent-US, i, m. The wind. 
 
 Venus, Veneris, f. The god- 
 dess of love, mother of 
 MnesiH, Veneris mensis = 
 April, as if from Aphro- 
 dite, her Gr. name. 
 
 Ver, veris, n. [7Jp]. Spring, 
 spring-time, 
 
 Verber-o, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 V. a. [verber, *a lash']. 
 To lash, beat, strike 
 against. 
 
 Verbum, i, n. A word. 
 
 Versus, a, um, P. perf. pass, 
 of verto. 
 
 Veritus, a,um. [partof vere- 
 or, veritus, eri]. Fearing. 
 
 Vergo,si,ere.3. v. a. To turn. 
 
 Versus, us, m. [verto]. A 
 verse, a line of poetry. 
 
 Verto, verti, versum, ver- 
 t§re, 3. V. a.: 1. To turn. 
 — 1. To alter, change. — 
 Pass.: verto, versus sum, 
 verti. 
 
 1. Ver-um, adv. [ver-us, 
 *true'J. 1. Truly, just 
 80, — 2. But. 
 
 2. Verum, i. See verus, 
 Ver-us, a, um, adj. True. 
 Vesta, sa, f. \^ Ed rial Vesta, 
 
 the goddess of the hmrth. 
 Ves-ter, tra, tmiii, pron. • 
 
 poss, [for vos-ter ; fr. vos], 
 
 Vour, 
 Vestig-ium, ii, n. [ve^lii>-o, 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 1G3 
 
 *to track']. 1. A foot- 
 printf ii foot-track. — 2. A. 
 stept foot-dep. — 3. A trace, 
 marky sign, token. 
 Ves-tis, tis, f. A garment; 
 clothing, dress [akin to Gr. 
 
 Vet-o, iii, itum, are, 1. v. a. 
 
 1. Toforbid.—2. To 
 hinder, prevent. 
 
 Vetui, perf. ind. of veto. 
 Vet-US, eris, adj. Old ancient. 
 
 [prob. akin to ero?, *a 
 
 year']. 
 Vetustas, atis, f. [vetusj. 
 
 Old age, antiquity. 
 Vetus-tus, ta, turn, adj. [ve- 
 
 tus, veter-is]. Old, ancient. 
 Vi-a. 86, f. [akin to veh-o, 
 
 *to carry']. 1. A way, 
 
 path. — 2. A road. 
 Vicis, em, e ; plur. vic-es, 
 
 ibus (other cases wanting), 
 
 f. Change, interchange, 
 
 alteration, duty -i^eT vices, 
 
 by turns, altervMely. 
 Victrix, tricis, f. [tern, of 
 
 Victor], As adj. '.victorious. 
 Victus, a, um. P, perf. pass. 
 
 of vinco. 
 Video, vidi, visum, videre, 
 
 2. V. a.: 1. Act: a. To 
 see, behold. — b. To per- 
 ceive. — 2. Pass. : a. To be 
 seen: To seem, appear. — 
 Pass.: videor, visus sura, 
 videri [akin to Gr. id-siv, 
 * to see ']. 
 
 Vid-iius, ua, uum, adj. Of 
 
 tl- ; M7_«„# I _.• 7- 
 xiiugH; rfiauu/ovo, atngic. 
 
 Vig-il, ilis, adj. [vig-eo, ' to 
 be lively ']. Watchful j on 
 the watch or the alert. 
 
 Villicus, a, um, adj. [villa]. 
 Overseer, steward. 
 
 Vinco, vici, victum, vinceYe, 
 3. V. a. : To covquer, over- 
 come, vanquish. — Pass. : 
 vincor, victus sum, vinci. 
 
 Vindex, icis, m. [fr. vindic-o, 
 * to claim ']. A defender, 
 protector, avenger. 
 
 Vindico, avi, atum, are, 1. 
 V. a.: 1. To claim; line 
 55, — 2. To avenge. 
 
 Violo, avi, atum, are. 1. v. 
 a. To violate, profane. 
 
 Vir, viri, m. 1. A man. — 
 2. A husband. 
 
 Vireo, ere, 2. v. n. To be 
 green, to flourish. 
 
 Vires, ium, plur. of vis. 
 
 Virgineus, a^ um, adj. [virgo] 
 Virgin. In line 464 re- 
 ferring to the Aqua Vir- 
 go, a stream of water 
 brought to Rome through 
 an aqueduct. See note. 
 
 Virgo, inis, f. A maiden, 
 virgin, girl, m^ 
 
 Vir-tus, tutis, T [vir, * a 
 man ']. Courage, bravery, 
 valour. 
 
 Viriliter, adv. [virilis]. 
 Bravely, in a manly man- 
 ner. 
 
 Vis, vis (plur. vires, luni), 
 f. : 1. ^ Strength, might, 
 power [I's'l. 
 
 I 
 
164 
 
 p. OVIDII NASONIS FASTORUM LIB. I. 
 
 n. 1. The fleshf inward 
 parts, viscera. In line 
 624 in plur. =<Ae womb, 
 
 Visus, a, um, P. perf. pass, 
 of video. 
 
 Vitio avi, atura, are, 7. ▼• 
 [vitiuin]. To hurt, injure, 
 
 Vitmm, ii, n. A vice. Vitio 
 cseli = by unfavourable 
 weather. 
 
 Vivo, vixi, victura, vivere, 
 3. V. n. To live, 
 
 Vix, adv. Scarcely, vrith 
 difficulty. 
 
 Voc-o, avi, atnm, are, 1. v. 
 a. \, To call, to invite. — 
 2. Pass. : To he called, or 
 termed. — 3. With double 
 Ace. . To call, or name, 
 
 Vol-o, voliii, velle, v. irreg. 
 With inf.: To wish, or 
 desire, to do, etc. [akin to 
 Gr. BohXofAa»\ 
 
 w 
 
 Voltus, us. See vultus. 
 Vol-ucer, ucris, iicrc, arlj. 
 
 [vol-o, * to fly']. Winged, 
 
 flying, 
 Volucris, iSj f. A bird. 
 Vomer, eris, m. A plough- 
 
 share. 
 Vom-o, lii, itum, ere, 3. v. a. 
 
 To pour out, ov forth fakin 
 
 to Gr. kjn-sGoi], 
 Vos, nom. and ace. plur. of 
 
 tu. 
 Vo-tum, ti, n. [fr. v3v-eo, 
 
 * to vow ']. A vow. 
 Vov6o, vovi, votum, ere, 2. 
 
 V. a. To vow, promise. 
 Vox, vocis, f. [fr. voc-o]. 
 
 The voice, a word. 
 Vuln-us, eris, n. A wound, 
 Vul-tns, tus, m. [prob. v61-o, 
 
 * to wish*]. Expression of 
 countenance, mien, looks, 
 counttTuince, 
 
 f 
 
I. 
 
 ^ultU8. 
 icrc, adj. 
 . Winged, 
 
 bird, 
 
 A plough- 
 
 3re, 3.V. a. 
 vrth fnkin 
 
 5. plur. of 
 
 p. v5v-eo, 
 
 m, ere, 2, 
 'omise, 
 r. voc-o]. 
 rd. 
 
 A wound. 
 rob. v61-o, 
 weasion o1 
 ien, looks, 
 
 tf